diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/BrownXML.rng b/corpora/brown_tei/BrownXML.rng new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb1676b5f2210b001ec5e7a720075a3f9f29f8f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/BrownXML.rng @@ -0,0 +1,1661 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + indicates the person, or group of + people, to whom the element content is ascribed. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + supplies the value of the date or time in a standard form, + e.g. yyyy-mm-dd. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + indicates whether or not this element is selected by default when +its parent is selected. + + true + This element is selected if its parent is selected + false + This element can only be selected explicitly, unless it is the +only one of its kind, in which case it is selected if its parent is selected. + + + + + + + + + + + + identifies one or more declarable elements within the +header, which are understood to apply to the element bearing this +attribute and its content. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (duration) indicates the length of this element in time. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (identifier) provides a unique identifier for the element bearing the + attribute. + + + + + + + + (number) gives a number (or other label) for an element, which is + not necessarily unique within the document. + + + + (\p{L}|\p{N}|\p{P}|\p{S})+ + + + + + + + + + + (language) indicates the language of the element content using a + tag generated according to BCP 47 + + + + + + + + provides a base URI reference with which applications can + resolve relative URI references into absolute URI + references. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + characterizes the type of segment. + + + + + + + + characterizes the function of the segment. + + + + + + + + specifies whether or not the segment is fragmented by some other +structural element, for example a clause which is divided between two +or more sentences. + + Y + (yes) the segment is incomplete in some respect + N + (no) either the segment is complete, or no claim is made as to +its completeness + I + (initial) the initial part of an incomplete segment + M + (medial) a medial part of an incomplete segment + F + (final) the final part of an incomplete segment + + + + + + + + + + + + + characterizes the element in some sense, using any convenient + classification scheme or typology. + + + + + + + + provides a sub-categorization of the element, if needed + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (paragraph) marks paragraphs in prose. + + + + + + + + + + + (name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase. + + + + + + + + + + + + + (electronic mail address) contains an e-mail address identifying a location to which +e-mail messages can be delivered. + + + + + + + + + + + contains a postal address, for example of a +publisher, an organization, or an individual. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (address line) contains one line of a postal address. + + + + + + + + + + + contains a date in any format. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + indicates the system or calendar to which the date + represented by the content of this element belongs. +Suggested values include: 1] Gregorian; 2] Julian; 3] Islamic; 4] Hebrew; 5] Revolutionary; 6] Iranian; 7] Coptic; 8] Chinese + + Gregorian + Gregorian calendar + Julian + Julian calendar + Islamic + Islamic or Muslim (hijri) lunar calendar + Hebrew + Hebrew or Jewish lunisolar calendar + Revolutionary + French Revolutionary calendar + Iranian + Iranian or Persian (Jalaali) solar calendar + Coptic + Coptic or Alexandrian calendar + Chinese + Chinese lunisolar calendar + + + + + + + + + + (statement of responsibility) supplies a statement of responsibility for the intellectual content of a text, edition, recording, or + series, where the specialized elements for authors, editors, etc. do + not suffice or do not apply. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (responsibility) contains a phrase describing the nature of a person's + intellectual responsibility. + + + + + + + + + + + contains the full title of a work of any kind. + + + + + + + + indicates the bibliographic level for a title, that is, + whether it identifies an article, book, journal, +series, or unpublished material. + + a + (analytic) analytic title (article, poem, or other item published as + part of a larger item) + m + (monographic) monographic title (book, collection, or other item published + as a distinct item, including single volumes of multi-volume + works) + j + (journal) journal title + s + (series) series title + u + (unpublished) title of unpublished material (including theses and + dissertations unless published by a commercial press) + + + + + + classifies the title according to some convenient typology. +Sample values include: 1] main; 2] sub (subordinate); 3] alt (alternate); 4] short; 5] desc (descriptive) + + + + + + + + + (bibliographic citation) contains a loosely-structured bibliographic citation of which +the sub-components may or may not be explicitly tagged. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + contains the whole of a TEI encoded corpus, comprising a +single corpus header and one or more TEI elements, each containing +a single text header and a text. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The version of the TEI scheme + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (TEI Header) supplies the descriptive and declarative information making + up an electronic title page prefixed to every TEI-conformant + text. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + specifies the kind of document to which the header is + attached, for example whether it is a corpus or individual text. +Sample values include: 1] text; 2] corpus + + + + + + + + + (file description) contains a full bibliographic description of an electronic +file. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (title statement) groups information about the title of a work and those +responsible for its intellectual content. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (edition statement) groups information relating to one edition of a text. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (edition) describes the particularities of one edition of a text. + + + + + + + + + + + describes the approximate size of a text as stored on +some carrier medium, whether digital or non-digital, specified in any convenient units. + + + + + + + + + + + (publication statement) groups information concerning the publication or distribution +of an electronic or other text. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + supplies the name of a person or other agency responsible for the +distribution of a text. + + + + + + + + + + + (identifying number) supplies any standard or non-standard number used to identify a +bibliographic item. + + + + + + + + categorizes the number, for example as an ISBN or other + standard series. + + + + + + + + + supplies information about the availability of a text, for + example any restrictions on its use or distribution, its copyright + status, etc. + + + + + + + + + + + supplies a code identifying the current availability of the +text. + + free + the text is freely available. + unknown + the status of the text is unknown. + restricted + the text is not freely available. + + + + + + + + + + + + (source description) supplies a description of the source text(s) from +which an electronic text was derived or generated. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (encoding description) documents the relationship between an electronic text and the +source or sources from which it was derived. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (project description) describes in detail the aim or purpose for which an electronic +file was encoded, together with any other relevant information +concerning the process by which it was assembled or collected. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + supplies the formal name of the namespace to which the elements +documented by its children belong. + + + + + + + the full formal name of the namespace concerned. + + + + + + + + (classification declarations) contains one or more taxonomies defining any classificatory +codes used elsewhere in the text. + + + + + + + + + + + + + defines a typology used to classify texts either implicitly, by +means of a bibliographic citation, or explicitly by a structured +taxonomy. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + contains an individual descriptive category, possibly nested +within a superordinate category, within a user-defined taxonomy. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (category description) describes some category within a taxonomy +or text typology, either in the form of a brief prose description +or in terms of the situational parameters used by the TEI +formal textDesc. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (text-profile description) provides a detailed description of non-bibliographic aspects of a +text, specifically the languages and sublanguages used, the situation in +which it was produced, the participants and their setting. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + contains information about the creation of a text. + + + + + + + + + + + characterizes a single language or sublanguage used within a + text. + + + + + + + (identifier) Supplies a language code constructed as defined in BCP 47 which is used to identify the language documented + by this element, and which is referenced by the global xml:lang attribute. + + + + + specifies the approximate percentage (by volume) of the + text which uses this language. + + 100 + + + + + + + + + (revision description) summarizes the revision history for a file. + + + + + + + + + + + + + summarizes a particular change or correction made +to a particular version of an electronic text which is +shared between several researchers. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + supplies the date of the change in standard form, i.e. YYYY-MM-DD. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (TEI document) contains a single TEI-conformant document, +comprising a TEI header and a text, either in isolation or as part of a +teiCorpus element. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + The version of the TEI scheme + + + + + + + + + contains a single text of any kind, whether unitary or +composite, for example a poem or drama, a collection of essays, a novel, +a dictionary, or a corpus sample. + + + + + + A + Press: Reportage + B + Press: Editorial + C + Press: Reviews + D + Religion + E + Skill and hobbies + F + Popular lore + G + Belles-lettres + H + Miscellaneous: government & house organs + J + Learned + K + Fiction: general + L + Fiction: mystery + M + Fiction: science + N + Fiction: adventure + P + Fiction: romance + R + Humor + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (text body) contains the whole body of a single unitary text, excluding any front or back matter. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (s-unit) contains a sentence-like division of a text. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (word) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + contextual code indicating location of this lexical item + + + + + + original POS code associated with this + lexical item + + NEG + negation marker + NIL + nil marker + ABL + pre-qualifier quite, rather + ABN + pre-quantifier half, all + ABX + pre-quantifier both + AP + post-determiner many, several, next + APg + post-determiner with possessive marker other's + AT + article a, the, no + BE + be + BED + were + BEDZ + was + BEG + being + BEM + am + BEN + been + BER + are, art + BEZ + is + CC + coordinating conjunction and, or + CD + cardinal numeral one, two, 2, +etc. + CDg + cardinal numeral with possessive marker1960's + CS + subordinating conjunction if, although + DO + do + DOD + did + DOZ + does + DT + singular determiner this, that + DTg + singular determiner with possessive marker +another's + DTI + singular or plural determiner/quantifier +some, any + DTS + plural determinerthese, those + DTX + determiner/double conjunctioneither + EX + existential there + HV + have + HVD + had (past tense) + HVG + having + HVN + had (past participle) + HVZ + has + IN + preposition + JJ + adjective + JJg + adjective with possessive marker + JJR + comparative adjective + JJS + semantically superlative adjective chief, top + JJT + morphologically superlative adjective biggest + MD + modal auxiliary can, should, will + NN + singular or mass noun + NNg + possessive singular noun + NNS + plural noun + NNSg + possessive plural noun + NP + proper noun or part of name phrase + NPg + possessive proper noun + NPS + plural proper noun + NPSg + possessive plural proper noun + NR + adverbial noun home, today, west + NRg + adverbial noun with possessive marker e.g. yesterday's + NRS + plural adverbial noun + OD + ordinal numeralfirst, 2nd + PN + nominal pronoun everybody, nothing + PNg + possessive nominal pronoun + PPg + possessive personal pronoun my, our + PPgg + second (nominal) possessive +pronoun mine, ours + PPL + singular reflexive/intensive personal +pronoun myself + PPLS + plural reflexive/intensive personal +pronoun ourselves + PPO + objective personal pronoun me, him, it, them + PPS + 3rd. singular nominative pronoun he, she, it, one + PPSS + other nominative personal pronoun I, we, they, you + QL + qualifier very, fairly + QLP + post-qualifier enough, indeed + RB + adverb + RBg + adverb with possessive marker else's + RBR + comparative adverb + RBT + superlative adverb + RN + nominal adverb here then, indoors + RP + adverb/particle about, off, up + TO + infinitive marker to + UH + interjection, exclamation + VB + verb, base form + VBD + verb, past tense + VBG + verb, present participle/gerund + VBN + verb, past participle + VBZ + verb, 3rd. singular present + WDT + wh- determiner what, which + WPg + possessive wh- pronoun whose + WPO + objective wh- pronoun whom, which, that + WPS + nominative wh- pronoun who, which, that + WQL + wh- qualifier how + WRB + wh- adverb how, where, when + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + (character) represents a character. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + sequence of POS codes associated with this +lexical item + + + + + + contextual code indicating location of this lexical item + + FW + foreign word (hyphenated before regular +tag) + HL + word occurring in headline (hyphenated after regular tag) + NC + cited word (hyphenated after regular tag) + TL + word occurring in title (hyphenated after regular tag) + + + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a03.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a03.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6db6c89b66e7c8a392465ee37df81f593db816b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a03.xml @@ -0,0 +1,172 @@ +Sample A03 from Chicago Daily Tribune July 25, 1961, "Cops'Defense" by Robert Wiedrich + "Kennedy Busy ... " by Robert Young + "Dismisses All ..." + February 10, 1961, "Kennedy's Aged" by Laurence Burd + "Senate OK's ..." +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,024 words 305 (15.1%] quotesA03

Used by permission of Chicago Daily Tribune

 Chicago Daily Tribune

Typographical Error: word missing [0840]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Several defendants in the Summerdale police burglary trial made statements indicating their guilt at the time of their arrest , Judge James B. Parsons was told in Criminal court yesterday . +

+

The disclosure by Charles Bellows , chief defense counsel , startled observers and was viewed as the prelude to a quarrel between the six attorneys representing the eight former policemen now on trial . +

+

Bellows made the disclosure when he asked Judge Parsons to grant his client , Alan Clements , 30 , a separate trial . +Bellows made the request while the all-woman jury was out of the courtroom . +

+

Fears prejudicial aspects +`` The statements may be highly prejudicial to my client '' , Bellows told the court . +`` Some of the defendants strongly indicated they knew they were receiving stolen property . +It is impossible to get a fair trial when some of the defendants made statements involving themselves and others '' . +

+

Judge Parsons leaned over the bench and inquired , `` You mean some of the defendants made statements admitting this '' ? ? +

+

`` Yes , your honor '' , replied Bellows . +`` What this amounts to , if true , is that there will be a free-for-all fight in this case . +There is a conflict among the defendants '' . +Washington , July 24 +-- President Kennedy today pushed aside other White House business to devote all his time and attention to working on the Berlin crisis address he will deliver tomorrow night to the American people over nationwide television and radio . +

+

The President spent much of the week-end at his summer home on Cape Cod writing the first drafts of portions of the address with the help of White House aids in Washington with whom he talked by telephone . +

+

Shortly after the Chief Executive returned to Washington in midmorning from Hyannis Port , Mass. , a White House spokesman said the address text still had `` quite a way to go '' toward completion . +

+

Decisions are made +Asked to elaborate , Pierre Salinger , White House press secretary , replied , `` I would say it's got to go thru several more drafts '' . +

+

Salinger said the work President Kennedy , advisers , and members of his staff were doing on the address involved composition and wording , rather than last minute decisions on administration plans to meet the latest Berlin crisis precipitated by Russia's demands and proposals for the city . +

+

The last 10 cases in the investigation of the Nov. 8 election were dismissed yesterday by Acting Judge John M. Karns , who charged that the prosecution obtained evidence `` by unfair and fundamentally illegal means '' . +

+

Karns said that the cases involved a matter `` of even greater significance than the guilt or innocence '' of the 50 persons . +He said evidence was obtained `` in violation of the legal rights of citizens '' . +

+

Karns' ruling pertained to eight of the 10 cases . +In the two other cases he ruled that the state had been `` unable to make a case '' . +Contempt proceedings originally had been brought against 677 persons in 133 precincts by Morris J. Wexler , special prosecutor . +

+

Issue jury subpoenas +Wexler admitted in earlier court hearings that he issued grand jury subpenas to about 200 persons involved in the election investigation , questioned the individuals in the Criminal courts building , but did not take them before the grand jury . +

+

Mayer Goldberg , attorney for election judges in the 58th precinct of the 23d ward , argued this procedure constituted intimidation . +Wexler has denied repeatedly that coercion was used in questioning . +

+

Karns said it was a `` wrongful act '' for Wexler to take statements `` privately and outside of the grand jury room '' . +He said this constituted a `` very serious misuse '' of the Criminal court processes . +

+

`` Actually , the abuse of the process may have constituted a contempt of the Criminal court of Cook county , altho vindication of the authority of that court is not the function of this court '' , said Karns , who is a City judge in East St. Louis sitting in Cook County court . +

+

Faced seven cases +Karns had been scheduled this week to hear seven cases involving 35 persons . +Wexler had charged the precinct judges in these cases with `` complementary '' miscount of the vote , in which votes would be taken from one candidate and given to another . +

+

The cases involved judges in the 33d , 24th , and 42d precincts of the 31st ward , the 21st and 28th precincts of the 29th ward , the 18th precinct of the 4th ward , and the 9th precinct of the 23d ward . +

+

The case of the judges in the 58th precinct of the 23d ward had been heard previously and taken under advisement by Karns . +Two other cases also were under advisement . +

+

Claims precedent lacking +After reading his statement discharging the 23d ward case , Karns told Wexler that if the seven cases scheduled for trial also involved persons who had been subpenaed , he would dismiss them . +Washington , Feb. 9 +-- President Kennedy today proposed a mammoth new medical care program whereby social security taxes on 70 million American workers would be raised to pay the hospital and some other medical bills of 14.2 million Americans over 65 who are covered by social security or railroad retirement programs . +

+

The President , in a special message to Congress , tied in with his aged care plan requests for large federal grants to finance medical and dental scholarships , build 20 new medical and 20 new dental schools , and expand child health care and general medical research . +

+

The aged care plan , similar to one the President sponsored last year as a senator , a fight on Capitol hill . +It was defeated in Congress last year . +

+

Cost up to $37 a year +It would be financed by boosting the social security payroll tax by as much as $37 a year for each of the workers now paying such taxes . +

+

The social security payroll tax is now 6 per cent -- 3 per cent on each worker and employer -- on the first $4,800 of pay per year . +The Kennedy plan alone would boost the base to $5,000 a year and the payroll tax to 6.5 per cent -- 3.25 per cent each . +Similar payroll tax boosts would be imposed on those under the railroad retirement system . +

+

The payroll tax would actually rise to 7.5 per cent starting Jan. 1 , 1963 , if the plan is approved , because the levy is already scheduled to go up by 1 per cent on that date to pay for other social security costs . +

+

Outlays would increase +Officials estimated the annual tax boost for the medical plan would amount to 1.5 billion dollars and that medical benefits paid out would run 1 billion or more in the first year , 1963 . +Both figures would go higher in later years . +

+

Other parts of the Kennedy health plan would entail federal grants of 750 million to 1 billion dollars over the next 10 years . +These would be paid for out of general , not payroll , taxes . +

+

Nursing home care +The aged care plan carries these benefits for persons over 65 who are under the social security and railroad retirement systems : 1 +Full payment of hospital bills for stays up to 90 days for each illness , except that the patient would pay $10 a day of the cost for the first nine days . +2 +Full payment of nursing home bills for up to 180 days following discharge from a hospital . +A patient could receive up to 300 days paid-for nursing home care under a `` unit formula '' allowing more of such care for those who use none or only part of the hospital-care credit . +3 +Hospital outpatient clinic diagnostic service for all costs in excess of $20 a patient . +4 +Community visiting nurse services at home for up to 240 days an illness . +

+

The President noted that Congress last year passed a law providing grants to states to help pay medical bills of the needy aged . +

+

Calls proposal modest +He said his plan is designed to `` meet the needs of those millions who have no wish to receive care at the taxpayers' expense , but who are nevertheless staggered by the drain on their savings -- or those of their children -- caused by an extended hospital stay '' . +

+

`` This is a very modest proposal cut to meet absolutely essential needs '' , he said , `` and with sufficient ' deductible ' requirements to discourage any malingering or unnecessary overcrowding of our hospitals . +

+

`` This is not a program of socialized medicine . +It is a program of prepayment of health costs with absolute freedom of choice guaranteed . +Every person will choose his own doctor and hospital '' . +

+

Wouldn't pay doctors +The plan does not cover doctor bills . +They would still be paid by the patient . +

+

Apart from the aged care plan the President's most ambitious and costly proposals were for federal scholarships , and grants to build or enlarge medical and dental schools . +

+

The President said the nation's 92 medical and 47 dental schools cannot now handle the student load needed to meet the rising need for health care . +Moreover , he said , many qualified young people are not going into medicine and dentistry because they can't afford the schooling costs . +

+

Contributions to schools +The scholarship plan would provide federal contributions to each medical and dental school equal to $1,500 a year for one-fourth of the first year students . +The schools could use the money to pay 4-year scholarships , based on need , of up to $2,000 a year per student . +

+

In addition , the government would pay a $1,000 `` cost of education '' grant to the schools for each $1,500 in scholarship grants . +Officials estimated the combined programs would cost 5.1 million dollars the first year and would go up to 21 millions by 1966 . +

+

The President recommended federal `` matching grants '' totaling 700 million dollars in 10 years for constructing new medical and dental schools or enlarging the capacity of existing ones . +

+

More for nursing homes +In the area of `` community health services '' , the President called for doubling the present 10 million dollar a year federal grants for nursing home construction . +He asked for another 10 million dollar `` initial '' appropriation for `` stimulatory grants '' to states to improve nursing homes . +

+

He further proposed grants of an unspecified sum for experimental hospitals . +

+

In the child health field , the President said he will recommend later an increase in funds for programs under the children's bureau . +He also asked Congress to approve establishment of a national child health institute . +

+

Asks research funds +The President said he will ask Congress to increase grants to states for vocational rehabilitation . +He did not say by how much . +

+

For medical research he asked a 20 million dollar a year increase , from 30 to 50 millions , in matching grants for building research facilities . +The President said he will also propose increasing , by an unspecified amount , the 540 million dollars in the 1961-62 budget for direct government research in medicine . +

+

The President said his proposals combine the `` indispensable elements in a sound health program -- people , knowledge , services , facilities , and the means to pay for them '' . +

+

Reaction as expected +Congressional reaction to the message was along expected lines . +Legislators who last year opposed placing aged-care under the social security system criticized the President's plan . +Those who backed a similar plan last year hailed the message . +

+

Senate Republican Leader Dirksen ( Ill. ) and House Republican Leader Charles Halleck ( Ind. ) said the message did not persuade them to change their opposition to compulsory medical insurance . +Halleck said the voluntary care plan enacted last year should be given a fair trial first . +

+

House Speaker Sam Rayburn ( D. , Tex. ) called the Kennedy program `` a mighty fine thing '' , but made no prediction on its fate in the House . +Washington , Feb. 9 +-- Acting hastily under White House pressure , the Senate tonight confirmed Robert C. Weaver as the nation's federal housing chief . +

+

Only 11 senators were on the floor and there was no record vote . +A number of scattered `` ayes '' and `` noes '' was heard . +

+

Customary Senate rules were ignored in order to speed approval of the Negro leader as administrator of the housing and home finance agency . +

+

In the last eight years , all Presidential appointments , including those of cabinet rank , have been denied immediate action because of a Senate rule requiring at least a 24 hour delay after they are reported to the floor . +

+

Enforce by demand +The rule was enforced by demand of Sen. Wayne Morse ( D. , Ore. ) in connection with President Eisenhower's cabinet selections in 1953 and President Kennedy's in 1961 . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a04.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a04.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3bff6e226d6d99e3c28caf709d2d7db7cdd454fd --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a04.xml @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +Sample A04 from The Christian Science Monitor, May 11,1961, p.1 "NATO Welds Unity" by Courtney Sheldon + "Kennedey tried ..." by Joan Thiriet + "Kennedy Hits ..." +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,020 words 186 (9.2%) quotes 13 symbolsA04

Used by permission of The Christian Science Monitor

 The Christian Science Monitor, May 11,1961, p.1

Typographical Errors: conspicious [0150] ot [for to] [1900] ond [for and] [1930]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Oslo +The most positive element to emerge from the Oslo meeting of North Atlantic Treaty Organization Foreign Ministers has been the freer , franker , and wider discussions , animated by much better mutual understanding than in past meetings . +

+

This has been a working session of an organization that , by its very nature , can only proceed along its route step by step and without dramatic changes . +In Oslo , the ministers have met in a climate of candor , and made a genuine attempt to get information and understanding one another's problems . +

+

This atmosphere of understanding has been particularly noticeable where relations are concerned between the `` colonialist '' powers and those who have never , or not for a long time , had such problems . +The nightmare of a clash between those in trouble in Africa , exacerbated by the difficulties , changes , and tragedies facing them , and other allies who intellectually and emotionally disapprove of the circumstances that have brought these troubles about , has been conspicuous by its absence . +

+

Explosion avoided +In the case of Portugal , which a few weeks ago was rumored ready to walk out of the NATO Council should critics of its Angola policy prove harsh , there has been a noticeable relaxation of tension . +The general , remarkably courteous , explanation has left basic positions unchanged , but there has been no explosion in the council . +There should even be no more bitter surprises in the UN General Assembly as to NATO members' votes , since a new ad hoc NATO committee has been set up so that in the future such topics as Angola will be discussed in advance . +

+

Canada alone has been somewhat out of step with the Oslo attempt to get all the allied cars back on the track behind the NATO locomotive . +Even Norway , despite daily but limited manifestations against atomic arms in the heart of this northernmost capital of the alliance , is today closer to the NATO line . +

+

On the negative side of the balance sheet must be set some disappointment that the United States leadership has not been as much in evidence as hoped for . +One diplomat described the tenor of Secretary of State Dean Rusk's speeches as `` inconclusive '' . +But he hastened to add that , if United States policies were not always clear , despite Mr. Rusk's analysis of the various global danger points and setbacks for the West , this may merely mean the new administration has not yet firmly fixed its policy . +

+

Exploratory mood +A certain vagueness may also be caused by tactical appreciation of the fact that the present council meeting is a semipublic affair , with no fewer than six Soviet correspondents accredited . +

+

The impression has nevertheless been given during these three days , despite Mr. Rusk's personal popularity , that the United States delegation came to Oslo in a somewhat tentative and exploratory frame of mind , more ready to listen and learn than to enunciate firm policy on a global scale with detailed application to individual danger spots . +

+

The Secretary of State himself , in his first speech , gave some idea of the tremendous march of events inside and outside the United States that has preoccupied the new administration in the past four months . +

+

But where the core of NATO is concerned , the Secretary of State has not only reiterated the United States' profound attachment to the alliance , `` cornerstone '' of its foreign policy , but has announced that five nuclear submarines will eventually be at NATO's disposal in European waters . +

+

The Secretary of State has also solemnly repeated a warning to the Soviet Union that the United States will not stand for another setback in Berlin , an affirmation once again taken up by the council as a whole . +

+

Conflict surveyed +The secretary's greatest achievement is perhaps the rekindling of NATO realization that East-West friction , wherever it take place around the globe , is in essence the general conflict between two entirely different societies , and must be treated as such without regard to geographical distance or lack of apparent connection . +

+

The annual spring meeting has given an impetus in three main directions : more , deeper , and more timely political consultation within the alliance , the use of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ( when ratified ) as a method of coordinating aid to the underdeveloped countries , and the need for strengthening conventional forces as well as the maintenance of the nuclear deterrent . +

+

This increase in the `` threshold '' , as the conventional forces strengthening is called , will prove one of the alliance's most difficult problems in the months to come . +Each ally will have to carry out obligations long since laid down , but never completely fulfilled . +Washington +The Kennedy administration moves haltingly toward a Geneva conference on Laos just as serious debate over its foreign policy erupts for the first time . +

+

There is little optimism here that the Communists will be any more docile at the conference table than they were in military actions on the ground in Laos . +

+

The United States , State Department officials explain , now is mainly interested in setting up an international inspection system which will prevent Laos from being used as a base for Communist attacks on neighboring Thailand and South Viet Nam . +

+

They count on the aid of the neutral countries attending the Geneva conference to achieve this . +

+

The United States hopes that any future Lao Cabinet would not become Communist dominated . +But it is apparent that no acceptable formula has been found to prevent such a possibility . +

+

Policies modified +The inclination here is to accept a de facto cease-fire in Laos , rather than continue to insist on a verification of the cease-fire by the international control commission before participating in the Geneva conference . +

+

This is another of the modifications of policy on Laos that the Kennedy administration has felt compelled to make . +It excuses these actions as being the chain reaction to basic errors made in the previous administration . +

+

Its spokesmen insist that there has not been time enough to institute reforms in military and economic aid policies in the critical areas . +

+

But with the months moving on -- and the immediate confrontations with the Communists showing no gain for the free world -- the question arises : +

+

How effective have Kennedy administration first foreign policy decisions been in dealing with Communist aggression ? ? +

+

Former Vice-President Richard M. Nixon in Detroit called for a firmer and tougher policy toward the Soviet Union . +He was critical of what he feels is President Kennedy's tendency to be too conciliatory . +

+

GOP restrained +It does not take a Gallup poll to find out that most Republicans in Congress feel this understates the situation as Republicans see it . +They can hardly restrain themselves from raising the question of whether Republicans , if they had been in power , would have made `` amateurish and monumental blunders '' in Cuba . +

+

One Republican senator told this correspondent that he was constantly being asked why he didn't attack the Kennedy administration on this score . +His reply , he said , was that he agreed to the need for unity in the country now . +But he further said that it was better politics to let others question the wisdom of administration policies first . +

+

The Republicans some weeks ago served notice through Senator Thruston B. Morton ( R ) of Kentucky , chairman of the Republican National Committee , that the Kennedy administration would be held responsible if the outcome in Laos was a coalition government susceptible of Communist domination . +

+

Kennedy administration policies also have been assailed now from another direction by 70 Harvard , Boston University , Brandeis , and Massachusetts Institute of Technology educators . +

+

Detente urged +This group pleads with the administration to `` give no further support for the invasion of Cuba by exile groups '' . +It recommends that the United States `` seek instead to detach the Castro regime from the Communist bloc by working for a diplomatic detente and a resumption of trade relations ; ; +and concentrate its constructive efforts on eliminating in other parts of Latin America the social conditions on which totalitarian nationalism feeds '' . +

+

Mr. Nixon , for his part , would oppose intervention in Cuba without specific provocation . +But he did recommend that President Kennedy state clearly that if Communist countries shipped any further arms to Cuba that it would not be tolerated . +

+

Until the Cuban fiasco and the Communist military victories in Laos , almost any observer would have said that President Kennedy had blended a program that respected , generally , the opinions voiced both by Mr. Nixon and the professors . +

+

Aid plans revamped +Very early in his administration he informed the Kremlin through diplomatic channels , a high official source disclosed , that the new administration would react even tougher than the Eisenhower administration would during the formative period of the administration . +

+

Strenuous efforts were made to remove pin pricking from administration statements . +Policies on nuclear test ban negotiations were reviewed and changed . +But thus far there has been no response in kind . +

+

Foreign aid programs were revamped to give greater emphasis to economic aid and to encourage political reform in recipient nations . +

+

In Laos , the administration looked at the Eisenhower administration efforts to show determination by sailing a naval fleet into Southeast Asian waters as a useless gesture . +

+

Again and again it asked the Communists to `` freeze '' the military situation in Laos . +But the Communists aided the Pathet Lao at an even faster rate . +

+

And after several correspondents went into Pathet Lao territory and exposed the huge build-up , administration spokesmen acclaimed them for performing a `` great service '' and laid the matter before the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization . +

+

SEATO was steamed up and prepared contingency plans for coping with the military losses in Laos . +But the Communists never gave sufficient provocation at any one time for the United States to want to risk a limited or an all-out war over Laos . +( Some SEATO nations disagreed , however . +

+

There was the further complication that the administration had very early concluded that Laos was ill suited to be an ally , unlike its more determined neighbors , Thailand and South Viet Nam . +

+

The administration declared itself in favor of a neutralized Laos . +The pro-Western government , which the United States had helped in a revolt against the Souvanna Phouma `` neutralist '' government , never did appear to spark much fighting spirit in the Royal Lao Army . +

+

There certainly was not any more energy displayed after it was clear the United States would not back the pro-Western government to the hilt . +

+

If the administration ever had any ideas that it could find an acceptable alternative to Prince Souvanna Phouma , whom it felt was too trusting of Communists , it gradually had to relinquish them . +

+

One factor was the statement of Senator J. W. Fulbright ( D ) of Arkansas , chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee . +He declared on March 25 that the United States had erred a year and a half ago by `` encouraging the removal '' of Prince Souvanna . +Washington +The White House is taking extraordinary steps to check the rapid growth of juvenile delinquency in the United States . +

+

The President is deeply concerned over this problem and its effect upon the `` vitality of the nation '' . +

+

In an important assertion of national leadership in this field , he has issued an executive order establishing the President's committee on Juvenile Delinquency and Crime , to be supported and assisted by a Citizens Advisory Council of recognized authorities on juvenile problems . +

+

The President asks the support and cooperation of Congress in his efforts through the enactment of legislation to provide federal grants to states for specified efforts in combating this disturbing crime trend . +

+

Offenses multiply +The President has also called upon the Attorney General , the Secretary of Health , Education and Welfare , and the Secretary of Labor to coordinate their efforts `` in the development of a program of federal leadership to assist states and local communities in their efforts to cope with the problem . +

+

Simultaneously the President announced Thursday the appointment of David L. Hackett , a special assistant to the Attorney General , as executive director of the new Committee on Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime . +

+

His sense of urgency in this matter stems from the fact that court cases and juvenile arrests have more than doubled since 1948 , each year showing an increase in offenders . +

+

Among arrests reported by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1959 , about half for burglary and larceny involved persons under 18 years of age . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a06.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a06.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67c8a1afebdc042a5373b154686ce3a83227d7ca --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a06.xml @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +Sample A06 from Newark Evening News, March 22, 1961, p.25 "Mitchell Replies.." by Bruce Bahrenburg + "Paper Ballot End Sought" + "Sheeran Backed by Roos" + "Fire Warden Ends Career" + "Hughes in Morris Debut" by John L. Cavnar + "GOP Group Honors 15" +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,005 words 760 (37.9%) quotes 8 symbolsA06

Used by permission of Newark Evening News

 Newark Evening News, March 22, 1961, p.25

Arbitrary Hyphen: peace-loving [0620]Typographical Errors: adminstration [0250]Nothing [for Noting] [0410]alloted [1680]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Plainfield +-- James P. Mitchell and Sen. Walter H. Jones R-Bergen , last night disagreed on the value of using as a campaign issue a remark by Richard J. Hughes , Democratic gubernatorial candidate , that the GOP is `` Campaigning on the carcass of Eisenhower Republicanism '' . +

+

Mitchell was for using it , Jones against , and Sen. Wayne Dumont Jr. R-Warren did not mention it when the three Republican gubernatorial candidates spoke at staggered intervals before 100 persons at the Park Hotel . +

+

The controversial remark was first made Sunday by Hughes at a Westfield Young Democratic Club cocktail party at the Scotch Plains Country Club . +It was greeted with a chorus of boos by 500 women in Trenton Monday at a forum of the State Federation of Women's Clubs . +

+

Hughes said Monday , `` It is the apparent intention of the Republican Party to campaign on the carcass of what they call Eisenhower Republicanism , but the heart stopped beating and the lifeblood congealed after Eisenhower retired . +Now he's gone , the Republican Party is not going to be able to sell the tattered remains to the people of the state '' . +Sunday he had added , `` We can love Eisenhower the man , even if we considered him a mediocre president but there is nothing left of the Republican Party without his leadership '' . +

+

Mitchell said the statement should become a major issue in the primary and the fall campaign . +`` How can a man with any degree of common decency charge this '' ? ? +He asked . +The former secretary of labor said he was proud to be an Eisenhower Republican `` and proud to have absorbed his philosophy '' while working in his adminstration . +

+

Mitchell said the closeness of the outcome in last fall's Presidential election did not mean that Eisenhower Republicanism was a dead issue . +

+

Regrets attack +Jones said he regretted Hughes had made a personal attack on a past president . +`` He is wrong to inject Eisenhower into this campaign '' , he said , `` because the primary is being waged on state issues and I will not be forced into re-arguing an old national campaign '' . +

+

The audience last night did not respond with either applause or boos to mention of Hughes' remark . +

+

Dumont spoke on the merit of having an open primary . +He then launched into what the issues should be in the campaign . +State aid to schools , the continuance of railroad passenger service , the proper uses of surplus funds of the Port of New York Authority , and making New Jersey attractive to new industry . +

+

Decries joblessness +Mitchell decried the high rate of unemployment in the state and said the Meyner administration and the Republican-controlled State Senate `` Must share the blame for this '' . +Noting that Plainfield last year had lost the Mack Truck Co. plant , he said industry will not come into this state until there is tax reform . +

+

`` But I am not in favor of a sales or state income tax at this time '' , Mitchell said . +

+

Jones , unhappy that the candidates were limited to eight minutes for a speech and no audience questions , saved his barbs for Mitchell . +He said Mitchell is against the centralization of government in Washington but looks to the Kennedy Administration for aid to meet New Jersey school and transportation crises . +

+

`` He calls for help while saying he is against centralization , but you can't have it both ways '' , Jones said . +The state is now faced with the immediate question of raising new taxes whether on utilities , real estate or motor vehicles , he said , `` and I challenge Mitchell to tell the people where he stands on the tax issue '' . +

+

Defends Ike +Earlier , Mitchell said in a statement : +

+

`` I think that all Americans will resent deeply the statements made about President Eisenhower by Richard J. Hughes . +His reference to ' discredited carcass ' or ' tattered remains ' of the president's leadership is an insult to the man who led our forces to victory in the greatest war in all history , to the man who was twice elected overwhelmingly by the American people as president of the United States , and who has been the symbol to the world of the peace-loving intentions of the free nations . +

+

`` I find it hard to understand how anyone seeking a position in public life could demonstrate such poor judgment and bad taste . +

+

`` Such a vicious statement can only have its origin in the desire of a new political candidate to try to make his name known by condemning a man of world stature . +It can only rebound to Mr. Hughes' discredit '' . +

+

Sees Jones ahead +Sen. Charles W. Sandman , R-Cape May , said today Jones will run well ahead of his GOP opponents for the gubernatorial nomination . +Sandman , state campaign chairman for Jones , was addressing a meeting in the Military Park Hotel , Newark , of Essex County leaders and campaign managers for Jones . +

+

Sandman told the gathering that reports from workers on a local level all over the state indicate that Jones will be chosen the Republican Party's nominee with the largest majority given a candidate in recent years . +

+

Sandman said : `` The announcement that Sen. Clifford Case Aj , has decided to spend all his available time campaigning for Mr. Mitchell is a dead giveaway . +It is a desperate effort to prop up a sagging candidate who has proven he cannot answer any questions about New Jersey's problems . +

+

`` We have witnessed in this campaign the effort to project Mr. Mitchell as the image of a unity candidate from Washington . +That failed . +

+

`` We are now witnessing an effort to transfer to Mr. Mitchell some of the glow of Sen. Case's candidacy of last year . +That , too , will fail '' . +

+

Sandman announced the appointment of Mrs. Harriet Copeland Greenfield of 330 Woodland Ave. , Westfield , as state chairman of the Republican Women for Jones Committee . +

+

Mrs. Greenfield is president of the Westfield Women's Republican Club and is a Westfield county committeewoman . +

+

County Supervisor Weldon R. Sheets , who is a candidate for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination , today called for an end to paper ballots in those counties in the state which still use them . +The proposal , Sheets said , represents part of his program for election reforms necessary to make democracy in New Jersey more than a `` lip service word '' . +

+

Sheets said that his proposed law would offer state financing aid for the purchase of voting machines , enabling counties to repay the loan over a 10-year period without interest or charge . +Sheets added that he would ask for exclusive use of voting machines in the state by January , 1964 . +

+

Although he pointed out that mandatory legislation impinging on home rule is basically distasteful , he added that the vital interest in election results transcended county lines . +

+

The candidacy of Mayor James J. Sheeran of West Orange , for the Republican nomination for sheriff of Essex County , was supported today by Edward W. Roos , West Orange public safety commissioner . +

+

Sheeran , a lawyer and former FBI man is running against the Republican organization's candidate , Freeholder William MacDonald , for the vacancy left by the resignation of Neil Duffy , now a member of the State Board of Tax Appeals . +

+

`` My experience as public safety commissioner '' , Roos said , `` has shown me that the office of sheriff is best filled by a man with law enforcement experience , and preferably one who is a lawyer . +Jim Sheeran fits that description '' . +Trenton +-- William J. Seidel , state fire warden in the Department of Conservation and Economic Development , has retired after 36 years of service . +

+

A citation from Conservation Commissioner Salvatore A. Bontempo credits his supervision with a reduction in the number of forest fires in the state . +

+

Seidel joined the department in 1925 as a division fire warden after graduation in 1921 from the University of Michigan with a degree in forestry and employment with private lumber companies . +In October 1944 , he was appointed state warden and chief of the Forest Fire Section . +

+

Under his supervision , the state fire-fighting agency developed such techniques as plowing of fire lines and established a fleet of tractor plows and tractor units for fire fighting . +

+

He also expanded and modernized the radio system with a central control station . +He introduced regular briefing sessions for district fire wardens and first aid training for section wardens . +He is credited with setting up an annual co-operative fire prevention program in co-operation with the Red Cross and State Department of Education . +Boonton +-- Richard J. Hughes made his Morris County debut in his bid for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination here last night with a pledge `` to carry the issues to every corner of the state '' . +

+

He promised nearly 200 Democratic county committee members at the meeting in the Puddingstone Inn : `` When I come back here after the November election you'll think , ' You're my man -- you're the kind of governor we're glad we elected ' '' . +

+

He said , `` We Democrats must resolve our issues on the test of what is right and just , and not what is expedient at the time '' . +

+

Attacks Republicans +In his only attack on the Republicans , Hughes said , `` The three Republican candidates for governor are tripping over their feet for popular slogans to win the primary . +But we'll have a liberal , well planned , forward looking , honest platform . +We'll not talk out of one side of our mouth in Morris County and out of the other side in Hudson . +

+

`` We'll take the truth to the people , and the people will like the truth and elect their candidate and party in November '' . +

+

He said , `` You can see signs of the Republicans' feeble attack on the Meyner administration . +But I shall campaign on the Meyner record to meet the needs of the years ahead '' . +

+

He urged New Jersey to `` become a full partner in the courageous actions of President Kennedy '' . +He called for a greater attraction of industry and a stop to the piracy of industry by Southern states , and a strong fight against discrimination in business and industry . +

+

`` We must keep the bloodstream of New Jersey clean '' , the former Superior Court judge said . +`` To prevent hoodlums from infiltrating the state as they did in the Republican administration in the early 1940s '' . +

+

Calling the Democrats the `` party that lives , breathes and thinks for the good of the people '' , Hughes asked , `` a representative Democratic vote in the primary for a springboard toward victory in November '' . +

+

Hughes supported Gov. Meyner's `` Green Acres '' plan for saving large tracts of open land from the onrush of urban development . +He said legislation for a $60 million bond issue to underwrite the program is expected to be introduced Monday . +

+

Conservation plan +The plan will provide $45 million for purchase of open land by the state . +The other $15 million is to be alloted to municipalities on a matching fund basis . +

+

Hughes said , `` This is not a plan to conquer space -- but to conserve it '' , pointing out the state population has increased 125,000 each year since 1950 . +He said `` Morris County is rapidly changing and unless steps are taken to preserve the green areas , there will be no land left to preserve '' . +

+

Hughes would not comment on tax reforms or other issues in which the Republican candidates are involved . +He said no matter what stand he takes it would be misconstrued that he was sympathetic to one or the other of the Republicans . +`` After the primary '' , he promised , `` I'll be explicit on where I stand to bring you a strong , dynamic administration . +I'm not afraid to tangle with the Republican nominee '' . +Trenton +-- Fifteen members of the Republican State Committee who are retiring -- voluntarily -- this year were honored yesterday by their colleagues . +

+

The outgoing members , whose four-year terms will expire a week after the April 18 primary election , received carved wooden elephants , complete with ivory tusks , to remember the state committee by . +

+

There may be other 1961 state committee retirements come April 18 , but they will be leaving by choice of the Republican voters . +

+

A special presentation was made to Mrs. Geraldine Thompson of Red Bank , who is stepping down after 35 years on the committee . +She also was the original GOP national committeewoman from New Jersey in the early 1920s following adoption of the women's suffrage amendment . +She served one four-year term on the national committee . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a07.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a07.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7aa84a292e8f2f4cd7576336158e8ee36e474951 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a07.xml @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ +Sample A07 from The New York Times, June 19, 1961, p.1 "Wagner Attempt" by Leo Egan + "Massachusetts ..." by Anthony Lewis + "House Foes Plan" by David Halberstam + "Peace Corps Ties" by John Wicklein + "Red Bloc Spurs Aid" by Seymor Topping + "Population Urged ..." by Robert Conley + "3 Princes of Laos" by Drew Middleton +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,034 words 127 (6.2%) quotesA07

Copyright 1961 by The New York Times Company. Reprinted by permission

 The New York Times, June 19, 1961, p.1

Arbitrary Hyphens: last-minutes [0190]down-payments [0910]long-term [0990]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Resentment welled up yesterday among Democratic district leaders and some county leaders at reports that Mayor Wagner had decided to seek a third term with Paul R. Screvane and Abraham D. Beame as running mates . +

+

At the same time reaction among anti-organization Democratic leaders and in the Liberal party to the Mayor's reported plan was generally favorable . +

+

Some anti-organization Democrats saw in the program an opportunity to end the bitter internal fight within the Democratic party that has been going on for the last three years . +

+

The resentment among Democratic organization leaders to the reported Wagner plan was directed particularly at the Mayor's efforts to name his own running mates without consulting the leaders . +Some viewed this attempt as evidence that Mr. Wagner regarded himself as bigger than the party . +

+

Opposition reported +Some Democratic district and county leaders are reported trying to induce State Controller Arthur Levitt of Brooklyn to oppose Mr. Wagner for the Mayoral nomination in the Sept. 7 Democratic primary . +

+

These contend there is a serious question as to whether Mr. Wagner has the confidence of the Democratic rank and file in the city . +Their view is that last-minute changes the Mayor is proposing to make in the Democratic ticket only emphasize the weakness of his performance as Mayor . +

+

In an apparent effort to head off such a rival primary slate , Mr. Wagner talked by telephone yesterday with Representative Charles A. Buckley , the Bronx Democratic leader , and with Joseph T. Sharkey , the Brooklyn Democratic leader . +

+

Mayor visits Buckley +As usual , he made no attempt to get in touch with Carmine G. De Sapio , the Manhattan leader . +He is publicly on record as believing Mr. De Sapio should be replaced for the good of the party . +

+

Last night the Mayor visited Mr. Buckley at the Bronx leader's home for a discussion of the situation . +Apparently he believes Mr. Buckley holds the key to the Democratic organization's acceptance of his choices for running mates without a struggle . +

+

In talks with Mr. Buckley last week in Washington , the Mayor apparently received the Bronx leader's assent to dropping Controller Lawrence E. Gerosa , who lives in the Bronx , from this year's ticket . +But Mr. Buckley seems to have assumed he would be given the right to pick Mr. Gerosa's successor . +

+

Screvane and Beame hailed +The Mayor declined in two interviews with reporters yesterday to confirm or deny the reports that he had decided to run and wanted Mr. Screvane , who lives in Queens , to replace Abe Stark , the incumbent , as the candidate for President of the City Council and Mr. Beame , who lives in Brooklyn , to replace Mr. Gerosa as the candidate for Controller . +

+

The Mayor spoke yesterday at the United Irish Counties Feis on the Hunter College Campus in the Bronx . +After his speech , reporters asked him about the report of his political intentions , published in yesterday's New York Times . +The Mayor said : +

+

`` It didn't come from me . +But as I have said before , if I announce my candidacy , I will have something definite to say about running mates '' . +Boston , June 16 +-- A wave of public resentment against corruption in government is rising in Massachusetts . +

+

There is a tangible feeling in the air of revulsion toward politics . +The taxi driver taking the visitor from the airport remarks that politicians in the state are `` all the same '' . +

+

`` It's ' See Joe , see Jim ' '' , he says . +`` The hand is out '' . +

+

A political scientist writes of the growth of `` alienated voters '' , who `` believe that voting is useless because politicians or those who influence politicians are corrupt , selfish and beyond popular control . +These voters view the political process as a secret conspiracy , the object of which is to plunder them '' . +

+

Corruption is hardly a recent development in the city and state that were widely identified as the locale of Edwin O'Connor's novel , `` The Last Hurrah '' . +But there are reasons for the current spotlight on the subject . +

+

A succession of highly publicized scandals has aroused the public within the last year . +Graft in the construction of highways and other public works has brought on state and Federal investigations . +And the election of President Kennedy has attracted new attention to the ethical climate of his home state . +

+

A reader of the Boston newspapers can hardly escape the impression that petty chicanery , or worse , is the norm in Massachusetts public life . +Day after day some new episode is reported . +

+

The state Public Works Department is accused of having spent $8,555 to build a private beach for a state judge on his waterfront property . +An assistant attorney general is directed to investigate . +Washington , June 18 +-- Congress starts another week tomorrow with sharply contrasting forecasts for the two chambers . +

+

In the Senate , several bills are expected to pass without any major conflict or opposition . +In the House , the Southern-Republican coalition is expected to make another major stand in opposition to the Administration's housing bill , while more jockeying is expected in an attempt to advance the aid-to-education bill . +

+

The housing bill is now in the House Rules Committee . +It is expected to be reported out Tuesday , but this is a little uncertain . +

+

The panel's action depends on the return of Representative James W. Trimble , Democrat of Arkansas , who has been siding with Speaker Sam Rayburn's forces in the Rules Committee in moving bills to the floor . +Mr. Trimble has been in the hospital but is expected back Tuesday . +

+

Leadership is hopeful +The housing bill is expected to encounter strong opposition by the coalition of Southern Democrats and conservative Republicans . +The Democratic leadership , however , hopes to pass it sometime this week . +

+

The $6,100,000,000 measure , which was passed last Monday by the Senate , provides for forty-year mortgages at low down-payments for moderate-income families . +It also provides for funds to clear slums and help colleges build dormitories . +

+

The education bill appears to be temporarily stalled in the Rules Committee , where two Northern Democratic members who usually vote with the Administration are balking because of the religious controversy . +They are James J. Delaney of Queens and Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. of Massachusetts . +

+

Three groups to meet +What could rescue the bill would be some quick progress on a bill amending the National Defense Education Act of 1958 . +This would provide for long-term Federal loans for construction of parochial and other private-school facilities for teaching science , languages and mathematics . +

+

Mr. Delaney and Mr. O'Neill are not willing to vote on the public-school measure until the defense education bill clears the House Education and Labor Committee . +

+

About half of all Peace Corps projects assigned to voluntary agencies will be carried out by religious groups , according to an official of the corps . +

+

In the $40,000,000 budget that has been submitted for Congressional approval , $26,000,000 would be spent through universities and private voluntary agencies . +

+

Twelve projects proposed by private groups are at the contract-negotiation stage , Gordon Boyce , director of relations with the voluntary agencies , said in a Washington interview . +Six of these were proposed by religious groups . +They will be for teaching , agriculture and community development in Southeast Asia , Africa , the Middle East and Latin America . +

+

Question raised +Interviews with several church leaders have disclosed that this development has raised the question whether the Peace Corps will be able to prevent confusion for church and state over methods , means and goals . +

+

There are a number of ways this could happen , the churchmen pointed out , and here is an example : +

+

Last month in Ghana an American missionary discovered when he came to pay his hotel bill that the usual rate had been doubled . +When he protested , the hotel owner said : +

+

`` Why do you worry ? ? +The U. S. Government is paying for it . +The U. S. Government pays for all its overseas workers '' . +

+

Missionary explains +`` I don't work for the Government '' , the American said . +`` I'm a missionary '' . +

+

The hotel owner shrugged . +`` Same thing '' , he said . +

+

And then , some churchmen remarked , there is a more classical church-state problem : +

+

Can religious agencies use Government funds and Peace Corps personnel in their projects and still preserve the constitutional requirement on separation of church and state ? ? +

+

R. Sargent Shriver Jr. , director of the corps , is certain that they can . +No religious group , he declared in an interview , will receive Peace Corps funds unless it forswears all proselytizing on the project it proposes . +Moscow , June 18 +-- At a gay party in the Kremlin for President Sukarno of Indonesia , Premier Khrushchev pulled out his pockets and said , beaming : `` Look , he took everything I had '' ! ! +

+

Mr. Khrushchev was jesting in the expansive mood of the successful banker . +Indonesia is one of the twenty under-developed countries of Asia , Africa and Latin America that are receiving Soviet aid . +

+

The Soviet Union and other members of the Communist bloc are rapidly expanding their economic , technical and military assistance to the uncommitted nations . +

+

The Communist countries allocated more than $1,000,000,000 in economic aid alone last year , according to Western estimates . +This was the biggest annual outlay since the Communist program for the under-developed countries made its modest beginning in 1954 . +In 1960 more than 6,000 Communist technicians were present in those countries . +United Nations , N. Y. , June 18 +-- A committee of experts has recommended that a country's population be considered in the distribution of professional posts at the United Nations . +This was disclosed today by a responsible source amid intensified efforts by the Soviet Union to gain a greater role in the staff and operation of the United Nations . +

+

One effect of the proposal , which puts a premium on population instead of economic strength , as in the past , would be to take jobs from European nations and give more to such countries as India . +India is the most populous United Nations member with more than 400,000,000 inhabitants . +

+

The new formula for filling staff positions in the Secretariat is one of a number of recommendations made by a panel of eight in a long and detailed report . +The report was completed after nearly eighteen months of work on the question of the organization of the United Nations . +

+

Formula is due this week +The Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions is expected to receive the report this week . +The jobs formula is understood to follow these lines : +Each of the organization's ninety-nine members would get two professional posts , such as political affairs officer , a department head or an economist , to start . +

+

Each member would get one post for each 10,000,000 people in its population up to 150,000,000 people or a maximum of fifteen posts . +

+

Each member with a population above 150,000,000 would get one additional post for each additional 30,000,000 people up to an unspecified cut-off point . +Geneva , June 18 +-- The three leaders of Laos agreed today to begin negotiations tomorrow on forming a coalition government that would unite the war-ridden kingdom . +

+

The decision was made in Zurich by Prince Boun Oum , Premier of the pro-Western royal Government ; ; +Prince Souvanna Phouma , leader of the nation's neutralists and recognized as Premier by the Communist bloc , and Prince Souphanouvong , head of the pro-Communist Pathet Lao forces . +The latter two are half-brothers . +

+

Their joint statement was welcomed by the Western delegations who will attend tomorrow the nineteenth plenary session of the fourteen-nation conference on the future of Laos . +An agreement among the Princes on a coalition government would ease their task , diplomats conceded . +But no one was overly optimistic . +

+

Tactics studied in Geneva +W. Averell Harriman of the United States , Malcolm MacDonald of Britain , Maurice Couve De Murville , France's Foreign Minister , and Howard C. Green , Canada's Minister of External Affairs , concluded , meanwhile , a round of consultations here on future tactics in the conference . +The pace of the talks has slowed with each passing week . +

+

Princess Moune , Prince Souvanna Phouma's young daughter , read the Princes' statement . +They had a two-hour luncheon together in `` an atmosphere of cordial understanding and relaxation '' , she said . +

+

The three Laotians agreed upon a six-point agenda for their talks , which are to last three days . +

+

The Princess said it was too early to say what would be decided if no agreement was reached after three days . +

+

To deal with principles +The meetings in Zurich , the statement said , would deal only with principles that would guide the three factors in their search for a coalition Government . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a08.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a08.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c1ac2ce759fbc07044f7220432c0a33babf83dac --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a08.xml @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@ +Sample A08 from The Times-Picayune, [New Orleans], January 1, 1961, sec. 2, p.3 "Pfaff Named ... " +"Washington Panorama" by Edgar Allen Poe +"Eyes on Mississippi" by W. F. Minor +"Louisiana Capital" by Robert Wagner +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,003 words 1 (0%) quotes 1 symbolA08

Used by permission of The Times-Picayune

 The Times-Picayune, [New Orleans], January 1, 1961, sec. 2, p.3

Typographical Errors:statutes [for statues] [0470]builtin [0770]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Appointment of William S. Pfaff Jr. , 41 , as promotion manager of The Times-Picayune Publishing Company was announced Saturday by John F. Tims , president of the company . +

+

Pfaff succeeds Martin Burke , who resigned . +

+

The new promotion manager has been employed by the company since January , 1946 , as a commercial artist in the advertising department . +

+

He is a native of New Orleans and attended Allen Elementary school , Fortier High school and Soule business college . +

+

From June , 1942 , until December , 1945 , Pfaff served in the Army Air Corps . +While in the service he attended radio school at Scott Field in Belleville , Ill. . +

+

Before entering the service , Pfaff for five years did clerical work with a general merchandising and wholesale firm in New Orleans . +

+

He is married to the former Audrey Knecht and has a daughter , Karol , 13 . +They reside at 4911 Miles Dr. . +Washington +-- Thousands of bleacher-type seats are being erected along Pennsylvania Avenue between the Capitol and the White House for the big inaugural parade on Jan. 20 . +

+

Assuming the weather is halfway decent that day , hundreds of thousands of persons will mass along this thoroughfare as President John F. Kennedy and retiring President Dwight D. Eisenhower leave Capitol Hill following the oath-taking ceremonies and ride down this historic ceremonial route . +

+

Pennsylvania Avenue , named for one of the original 13 states , perhaps is not the most impressive street in the District of Columbia from a commercial standpoint . +But from a historic viewpoint none can approach it . +

+

Many buildings +Within view of the avenue are some of the United States government's tremendous buildings , plus shrines and monuments . +Of course , 1600 Pennsylvania , the White House , is the most famous address of the free world . +

+

Within an easy walk from Capitol Hill where Pennsylvania Avenue comes together with Constitution Avenue , begins a series of great federal buildings , some a block long and all about seven-stories high . +

+

Great chapters of history have been recorded along the avenue , now about 169 years old . +In the early spring of 1913 a few hundred thousand persons turned out to watch 5000 women parade . +They were the suffragettes and they wanted to vote . +In the 1920 presidential election they had that right and many of them did vote for the first time . +

+

Seats on square +Along this avenue which saw marching soldiers from the War Between the States returning in 1865 is the National Archives building where hundreds of thousands of this country's most valuable records are kept . +Also the department of justice building is located where J. Edgar Hoover presides over the federal bureau of investigation . +

+

Street car tracks run down the center of Pennsylvania , powered with lines that are underground . +

+

Many spectators will be occupying seats and vantage points bordering Lafayette Square , opposite the White House . +In this historic square are several statues , but the one that stands out over the others is that of Gen. Andrew Jackson , hero of the Battle of New Orleans . +

+

Moving past the presidential viewing stand and Lafayette Square will be at least 40 marching units . +About 16,000 military members of all branches of the armed forces will take part in the parade . +

+

Division one of the parade will be the service academies . +Division two will include the representations of Massachusetts and Texas , the respective states of the President and of Vice-President L. B. Johnson . +Then will come nine other states in the order of their admission to the union . +

+

Division three will be headed by the Marines followed by 12 states ; ; +division four will be headed by the Navy , followed by 11 states ; ; +division five , by the Air Force followed by 11 states . +Division six will be headed by the Coast Guard , followed by the reserve forces of all services , five states , Puerto Rico , the Virgin Islands , Guam , American Samoa , the trust territories and the Canal Zone . +Jackson , Miss. +-- What does 1961 offer in political and governmental developments in Mississippi ? ? +

+

Even for those who have been observing the political scene a long time , no script from the past is worth very much in gazing into the state's immediate political future . +

+

This is largely because of the unpredictability of the man who operates the helm of the state government and is the elected leader of its two million inhabitants -- Gov. Ross Barnett . +

+

Barnett , who came into office with no previous experience in public administration , has surrounded himself with confusion which not only keeps his foes guessing but his friends as well . +

+

Consequently , it is uncertain after nearly 12 months in office just which direction the Barnett administration will take in the coming year . +

+

Could be scramble +Some predict the administration will settle down during 1961 and iron out the rough edges which it has had thus far . +

+

The builtin headache of the Barnett regime thus far has been the steady stream of job-seekers and others who feel they were given commitments by Barnett at some stage of his eight-year quest for the governor's office . +

+

There are many who predict that should Barnett decide to call the Legislature back into special session , it will really throw his administration into a scramble . +

+

Certainly nobody will predict that the next time the lawmakers come back together Barnett will be able to enjoy a re-enactment of the strange but successful `` honeymoon '' he had in the 1960 legislative session . +

+

If Barnett doesn't call a special session in 1961 , it will be the first year in the last decade that the Legislature has not met in regular or special session . +

+

The odds favor a special session , more than likely early in the year . +

+

Districts issue +Legislators always get restless for a special session ( whether for the companionship or the $22.50 per diem is not certain ) and if they start agitating . +Barnett is not expected to be able to withstand the pressure . +

+

The issue which may make it necessary to have a session is the highly sensitive problem of cutting the state's congressional districts from six to five to eliminate one congressional seat . +

+

With eyes focused on the third congressional district , the historic Delta district , and Congressman Frank E. Smith as the one most likely to go , the redistricting battle will put to a test the longstanding power which lawmakers from the Delta have held in the Legislature . +

+

Mississippi's relations with the national Democratic party will be at a crossroads during 1961 , with the first Democratic president in eight years in the White House . +

+

Split badly during the recent presidential election into almost equally divided camps of party loyalists and independents , the Democratic party in Mississippi is currently a wreck . +And there has been no effort since the election to pull it back together . +

+

Future clouded +Barnett , as the titular head of the Democratic party , apparently must make the move to reestablish relations with the national Democratic party or see a movement come from the loyalist ranks to completely bypass him as a party functionary . +

+

With a Democratic administration , party patronage would normally begin to flow to Mississippi if it had held its Democratic solidarity in the November election . +

+

Now , the picture is clouded , and even US Sens. James O. Eastland and John C. Stennis , who remained loyal to the ticket , are uncertain of their status . +

+

Reports are that it is more than probable that the four congressmen from Mississippi who did not support the party ticket will be stripped of the usual patronage which flows to congressmen . +Baton Rouge , La. +-- The Gov. Jimmie H. Davis administration appears to face a difficult year in 1961 , with the governor's theme of peace and harmony subjected to severe stresses . +

+

The year will probably start out with segregation still the most troublesome issue . +But it might give way shortly to another vexing issue -- that of finances in state government . +

+

The transition from segregation to finances might already be in progress , in the form of an administration proposal to hike the state sales tax from 2 per cent to 3 per cent . +

+

The administration has said the sales tax proposal is merely part of the segregation strategy , since the revenues from the increase would be dedicated to a grant in aid program . +

+

But the tardiness of the administration in making the dedication has caused legislators to suspect the tax bill was related more directly to an over-all shortage of cash than to segregation . +

+

Legislators weary +Indeed , the administration's curious position on the sales tax was a major factor in contributing to its defeat . +The administration could not say why $28 million was needed for a grant-in-aid program . +

+

The effectiveness of the governor in clearing up some of the inconsistencies revolving about the sales tax bill may play a part in determining whether it can muster the required two-thirds vote . +

+

The tax bill will be up for reconsideration Wednesday in the House when the Legislature reconvenes . +

+

Davis may use the tax bill as a means to effect a transition from special sessions of the Legislature to normalcy . +

+

If it fails to pass , he can throw up his hands and say the Legislature would not support him in his efforts to prevent integration . +He could terminate special sessions of the Legislature . +

+

Actually , Davis would have to toss in the towel soon anyway . +Many legislators are already weary and frustrated over the so-far losing battle to block token integration . +

+

This is not the sort of thing most politicos would care to acknowledge publicly . +They would like to convey the notion something is being done , even though it is something they know to be ineffectual . +

+

Underlying concern +Passage of the sales tax measure would also give Davis the means to effect a transition . +He could tell the Legislature they had provided the needed funds to carry on the battle . +

+

Then he could tell them to go home , while the administration continued to wage the battle with the $28 million in extra revenues the sales tax measure would bring in over an eight months period . +

+

It is difficult to be certain how the administration views that $28 million , since the views of one leader may not be the same as the views of another one . +

+

But if the administration should find it does not need the $28 million for a grant-in-aid program , a not unlikely conclusion , it could very well seek a way to use the money for other purposes . +

+

This would be in perfect consonance with the underlying concern in the administration -- the shortage of cash . +It could become an acute problem in the coming fiscal year . +

+

If the administration does not succeed in passing the sales tax bill , or any other tax bill , it could very well be faced this spring at the fiscal session of the Legislature with an interesting dilemma . +

+

Since the constitution forbids introduction of a tax bill at a fiscal session , the administration will either have to cut down expenses or inflate its estimates of anticipated revenues . +

+

Constant problem +In either case , it could call a special session of the Legislature later in 1961 to make another stab at raising additional revenues through a tax raiser . +

+

The prospect of cutting back spending is an unpleasant one for any governor . +It is one that most try to avoid , as long as they can see an alternative approach to the problem . +

+

But if all alternatives should be clearly blocked off , it can be expected the Davis administration will take steps to trim spending at the spring session of the state Legislature . +

+

This might be done to arouse those who have been squeezed out by the trims to exert pressure on the Legislature , so it would be more receptive to a tax proposal later in the year . +

+

A constant problem confronting Davis on any proposals for new taxes will be the charge by his foes that he has not tried to economize . +

+

Any tax bill also will revive allegations that some of his followers have been using their administration affiliations imprudently to profit themselves . +

+

The new year might see some house-cleaning , either genuine or token , depending upon developments , to give Davis an opportunity to combat some of these criticisms . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a12.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a12.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab5ed039da8fa25c8c13311d0e3533ea3ef43f44 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a12.xml @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +Sample A12 from The Dallas Morning News, October 10, 1961, sec. 2 P.1"Steers Don't Kick" by Jimmy Banks + P.2"That Happy Feeling" by Roy Edwards + P.3"Texans Face Two..." by Charles Burton + P.3"Steers Set Record" +"MIT Tests Ball" +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,017 words 616 (30.5%) quotes 14 symbolsA12

Used by permission of The Dallas Morning News

 The Dallas Morning News, October 10, 1961, sec. 2

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Austin , Texas +-- A Texas halfback who doesn't even know the team's plays , Eldon Moritz , ranks fourth in Southwest Conference scoring after three games . +

+

Time stands still every time Moritz , a 26-year-old Army Signal Corps veteran , goes into the field . +Although he never gets to play while the clock is running , he gets a big kick -- several every Saturday , in fact -- out of football . +

+

Moritz doesn't even have a nose guard or hip pads but he's one of the most valuable members of the Longhorn team that will be heavily favored Saturday over Oklahoma in the Cotton Bowl . +

+

That's because he already has kicked 14 extra points in 15 tries . +He ran his string of successful conversions this season to 13 straight before one went astray last Saturday night in the 41-8 slaughter of Washington State . +

+

Moritz is listed on the Longhorn roster as a right halfback , the position at which he lettered on the 1956 team . +But ask coach Darrell Royal what position he plays and you'll get the quick response , `` place-kicker '' . +

+

A 208-pound , 6-foot 1-inch senior from Stamford , Moritz practices nothing but place-kicking . +Last year , when he worked out at halfback all season , he didn't get into a single game . +

+

`` This year , coach Royal told me if I'd work on my place-kicking he thought he could use me '' , said Moritz . +`` So I started practicing on it in spring training . +

+

Moritz was bothered during the first two games this year by a pulled muscle in the thigh of his right ( kicking ) leg and , as a result , several of his successful conversions have gone barely far enough . +

+

Moritz said Monday his leg feels fine and , as a result , he hopes to start practicing field goals this week . +He kicked several while playing at Stamford High School , including one that beat Anson , 3-0 , in a 1953 district game . +

+

`` I kicked about 110 extra points in 135 tries during three years in high school '' , he said , `` and made 26 in a row at one time . +I never did miss one in a playoff game -- I kicked about 20 in the five playoff games my last two years '' . +

+

Moritz came to Texas in 1954 but his freshman football efforts were hampered by a knee injury . +He missed the 1955 season because of an operation on the ailing knee , then played 77 minutes in 1956 . +His statistical record that year , when Texas won only one game and lost nine , was far from impressive : he carried the ball three times for a net gain of 10 yards , punted once for 39 yards and caught one pass for 13 yards . +

+

He went into the Army in March , 1957 , and returned two years later . +But he was scholastically ineligible in 1959 and merely present last season . +

+

Place kicking is largely a matter of timing , Moritz declared . +

+

`` Once you get the feel of it , there's not much to it . +I've tried to teach some of the other boys to kick and some of them can't seem to get the feel . +Practice helps you to get your timing down . +

+

`` It's kind of like golf -- if you don't swing a club very often , your timing gets off '' . +

+

Moritz , however , kicks only about 10 or 12 extra points during each practice session . +

+

`` If you kick too much , your leg gets kinda dead '' , he explained . +Footnotes : +In their first three games , the Longhorns have had the ball 41 times and scored 16 times , or 40 per cent ; ; +their total passing yardage in three games , 447 on 30 completions in 56 attempts , is only 22 yards short of their total passing yardage in 1959 , when they made 469 on 37 completions in 86 tries . +Tailback James Saxton already has surpassed his rushing total for his brilliant sophomore season , when he netted 271 yards on 55 carries ; ; +he now has 273 yards in 22 tries during three games . +Saxton has made only one second-half appearance this season and that was in the Washington State game , for four plays : he returned the kickoff 30 yards , gained five yards through the line and then uncorked a 56-yard touchdown run before retiring to the bench . +Wingback Jack Collins injured a knee in the Washington State game but insists he'll be ready for Oklahoma . +Last week , when Royal was informed that three Longhorns were among the conference's top four in rushing , he said : `` That won't last long '' . +It didn't ; ; +Monday , he had four Longhorns in the top four . +

+

A good feeling prevailed on the SMU coaching staff Monday , but attention quickly turned from Saturday's victory to next week's problem : Rice University . +The Mustangs don't play this week . +

+

`` We're just real happy for the players '' , Coach Bill Meek said of the 9-7 victory over the Air Force Academy . +`` I think the big thing about the game was that our kids for the third straight week stayed in there pitching and kept the pressure on . +It was the first time we've been ahead this season ( when John Richey kicked what proved to be the winning field goal ) '' . +

+

Assistant coach John Cudmore described victory as `` a good feeling , I think , on the part of the coaches and the players . +We needed it and we got it '' . +

+

Meek expressed particular gratification at the defensive performances of end Happy Nelson and halfback Billy Gannon . +Both turned in top jobs for the second straight game . +

+

`` Nelson played magnificent football '' , Meek praised . +`` He knocked down the interference and made key stops lots of times . +And he caused the fumble that set up our touchdown . +He broke that boy ( Air Force fullback Nick Arshinkoff ) in two and knocked him loose from the football '' . +

+

Gannon contributed saving plays on the Falcons' aerial thrusts in the late stages . +

+

One was on a fourth-down screen pass from the Mustang 21 after an incomplete pass into Gannon's territory . +

+

`` As soon as it started to form , Gannon spotted it '' , Meek said . +`` He timed it just right and broke through there before the boy ( halfback Terry Isaacson ) had time to turn around . +He really crucified him he nailed it for a yard loss '' . +

+

The Air Force's , and the game's , final play , was a long pass by quarterback Bob McNaughton which Gannon intercepted on his own 44 and returned 22 yards . +

+

`` He just lay back there and waited for it '' , Meek said . +`` He almost brought it back all the way '' . +

+

Except for sophomore center Mike Kelsey and fullback Mike Rice , Meek expects the squad to be physically sound for Rice . +

+

`` Kelsey is very doubtful for the Rice game '' , Meek said . +`` He'll be out of action all this week . +He got hit from the blind side by the split end coming back on the second play of the game . +There is definitely some ligament damage in his knee '' . +

+

Rice has not played since injuring a knee in the opener with Maryland . +

+

`` He's looking a lot better , and he's able to run '' , Meek explained . +`` We'll let him do a lot of running this week , but I don't know if he'll be able to play '' . +

+

The game players saw the Air Force film Monday , ran for 30 minutes , then went in , while the reserves scrimmaged for 45 minutes . +

+

`` We'll work hard Tuesday , Wednesday and Thursday '' , Meek said , `` and probably will have a good scrimmage Friday . +We'll work out about an hour on Saturday , then we'll work Monday and Tuesday of next week , then taper off '' . +

+

SMU will play the Owls at Rice Stadium in Houston in a night game Saturday , Oct. 21 . +

+

Huddle hearsay +-- Held out of Texas Tech's sweat-suits drill Monday at Lubbock was tackle Richard Stafford , who is undergoing treatment for a leg injury suffered in the Raiders' 38-7 loss to Texas A & M Because of its important game with Arkansas coming up Saturday , Baylor worked out in the rain Monday -- mud or no mud . +End Gene Raesz , who broke a hand in the Owl's game with LSU , was back working out with Rice Monday , and John Nichols , sophomore guard , moved back into action after a week's idleness with an ankle injury . +The Texas Aggies got a day off Monday -- a special gift from Coach Jim Myers for its conference victory last Saturday night , but Myers announced that halfback George Hargett , shaken up in the Tech game , would not play against Trinity Saturday . +Halfback Bud Priddy , slowed for almost a month by a slowly-mending sprained ankle , joined TCU's workout Monday . +

+

The Dallas Texans were back home Monday with their third victory in four American Football League starts -- a 19-12 triumph over the Denver Broncos -- but their visit will be a short one . +

+

The Texans have two more road games -- at Buffalo and Houston -- before they play for the home folks again , and it looks as if coach Hank Stram's men will meet the Bills just as they are developing into the kind of team they were expected to be in pre-season reckonings . +

+

Buffalo coach Buster Ramsey , who has become one of the game's greatest collectors of quarterbacks , apparently now has found a productive pair in two ex-National Football Leaguers , M. C. Reynolds and Warren Rabb . +

+

Rabb , the former Louisiana State field general , came off the bench for his debut with the Bills Sunday and directed his new team to a 22-12 upset victory over the Houston Oilers , defending league champions . +

+

`` Just our luck '' ! ! +Exclaimed Stram . +`` Buster would solve that quarterback problem just as we head that way '' . +

+

Ramsey has a thing or two to mutter about himself , for the Dallas defensive unit turned in another splendid effort against Denver , and the Texans were able to whip the dangerous Broncs without the fullbacking of a top star , Jack Spikes , though he did the team's place-kicking while nursing a knee injury . +

+

`` Our interior line and out linebackers played exceptionally well '' , said Stram Monday after he and his staff reviewed movies of the game . +`` In fact our whole defensive unit did a good job '' . +

+

The Texans won the game through ball control , with Quarterback Cotton Davidson throwing only 17 passes . +

+

`` We always like to keep the ball as much as we can against Denver because they have such an explosive attack '' , explained Stram . +`` They can be going along , doing little damage , then bang , bang -- they can hit a couple of passes on you for touchdowns and put you in trouble '' . +

+

The Broncs did hit two quick strikes in the final period against the Texans , but Dallas had enough of a lead to hold them off . +

+

The principal tactic in controlling the ball was giving it to Abner Haynes , the flashy halfback . +He was called upon 26 times -- more than all of the other ball-carriers combined -- and delivered 145 yards . +

+

The Texans made themselves a comforting break on the opening kickoff when Denver's Al Carmichael was jarred loose from the ball when Dave Grayson , the speedy halfback , hit him and Guard Al Reynolds claimed it for Dallas . +A quick touchdown resulted . +

+

`` That permitted us to start controlling the ball right away '' , said Stram , quipping , `` I think I'll put that play in the book '' . +

+

The early Southwest Conference football leaders -- Texas , Arkansas and Texas A & M -- made a big dent in the statistics last week . +

+

Texas' 545-yard spree against Washington State gave the Longhorns a 3-game total offense of 1,512 yards ( 1,065 rushing and 447 passing ) a new SWC high . +

+

Arkansas combined 280 yards rushing with 64 yards passing ( on 5 completions in 7 tosses ) and a tough defense to whip TCU , and A & M , with a 38-point bulge against Texas Tech ran up its biggest total loop play since 1950 . +Completing 12 of 15 passes for 174 yards , the Aggies had a total offense of 361 yards . +

+

Texas leads in per-game rushing averages , 355 yards , and passing 149 ( to Baylor's 126 ) , but idle Baylor has the best defensive record ( 187.5 yards per game to Texas' 189 ) . +A & M has the best defense against passes , 34.7 yards per game . +

+

Not satisfied with various unofficial checks on the liveliness of baseballs currently in use , the major leagues have ordered their own tests , which are in progress at Massachusetts Institute of Technology . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a14.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a14.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..05dcd783b7d873aab94db3b639a5aa271addb1ec --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a14.xml @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ +Sample A14 from The New York Times, January 24, 1961, p. 23 "Skorich Is Promoted" by William G. Weart +"Baseball Award Voted" by Louis Effrat +"Palmer and Snead..." +"Golf's Golden Boy" by Louis Effrat +"Football Owners Will..." +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,038 words 110 (5.4%) quotesA14

Copyright 1961 by The New York Times Company. Reprinted by permission.

 The New York Times, January 24, 1961, p. 23

Arbitrary Hyphens: title-holder [0930]head-on [1560]Typographical Error: diamond- studded [1060]Note: World Series [0440] and world series [0480]United States Open [1020,1320] and Los Angeles open [1180] Texas open [1310]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Philadelphia , Jan. 23 +-- Nick Skorich , the line coach for the football champion Philadelphia Eagles , was elevated today to head coach . +

+

Skorich received a three-year contract at a salary believed to be between $20,000 and $25,000 a year . +He succeeds Buck Shaw , who retired at the end of last season . +

+

The appointment was announced at a news conference at which Skorich said he would retain two members of Shaw's staff -- Jerry Williams and Charlie Gauer . +

+

Williams is a defensive coach . +Gauer works with the ends . +

+

Choice was expected +The selection had been expected . +Skorich was considered the logical choice after the club gave Norm Van Brocklin permission to seek the head coaching job with the Minnesota Vikings , the newest National Football League entry . +

+

Van Brocklin , the quarterback who led the Eagles to the title , was signed by the Vikings last Wednesday . +Philadelphia permitted him to seek a better connection after he had refused to reconsider his decision to end his career as a player . +

+

With Skorich at the helm , the Eagles are expected to put more emphasis on running , rather than passing . +In the past the club depended largely on Van Brocklin's aerials . +

+

Skorich , however , is a strong advocate of a balanced attack -- split between running and passing . +

+

Coach played 3 years +Skorich , who is 39 years old , played football at Cincinnati University and then had a three-year professional career as a lineman under Jock Sutherland with the Pittsburgh Steelers . +

+

An injury forced Skorich to quit after the 1948 season . +He began his coaching career at Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School in 1949 . +He remained there for four years before moving to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy , N. Y. . +He was there one season before rejoining the Steelers as an assistant coach . +

+

Four years later he resigned to take a similar job with the Green Bay Packers . +The Eagles signed him for Shaw's staff in 1959 . +

+

Skorich began his new job auspiciously today . +At a ceremony in the reception room of Mayor Richardson Dilworth , the Eagles were honored for winning the championship . +

+

Shaw and Skorich headed a group of players , coaches and team officials who received an engrossed copy of an official city citation and a pair of silver cufflinks shaped like a football . +

+

With the announcement of a `` special achievement award '' to William A. ( ( Bill ) Shea , the awards list was completed yesterday for Sunday night's thirty-eighth annual dinner and show of the New York Chapter , Baseball Writers' Association of America , at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel . +

+

Shea , the chairman of Mayor Wagner's Baseball Committee , will be joined on the dais by Warren Spahn , the southpaw pitching ace of the Milwaukee Braves ; ; +Frank Graham , the Journal-American sports columnist ; ; +Bill Mazeroski , the World Series hero of the Pittsburgh Pirates , and Casey Stengel , the former manager of the Yankees . +

+

Stengel will receive the Ben Epstein Good Guy Award . +Mazeroski , whose homer beat the Yankees in the final series game , will receive the Babe Ruth Award as the outstanding player in the 1960 world series . +

+

Graham will be recognized for his meritorious service to baseball and will get the William J. Slocum Memorial Award . +To Spahn will go the Sid Mercer Memorial Award as the chapter's player of the year . +

+

Show follows ceremonies +A crowd of 1,400 is expected for the ceremonies , which will be followed by the show in which the writers will lampoon baseball personalities in skit , dance and song . +

+

The 53-year-old Shea , a prominent corporation lawyer with a sports background , is generally recognized as the man most responsible for the imminent return of a National League club to New York . +Named by Mayor Wagner three years ago to head a committee that included James A. Farley , Bernard Gimbel and Clint Blume , Shea worked relentlessly . +

+

His goal was to obtain a National League team for this city . +The departure of the Giants and the Dodgers to California left New York with only the Yankees . +

+

Despite countless barriers and disappointments , Shea moved forward . +When he was unable to bring about immediate expansion , he sought to convince another National League club to move here . +

+

When that failed , he enlisted Branch Rickey's aid in the formation of a third major league , the Continental , with New York as the key franchise . +The Continental League never got off the ground , but after two years it forced the existing majors to expand . +

+

Flushing stadium in works +The New York franchise is headed by Mrs. Charles Shipman Payson . +A big-league municipal stadium at Flushing Meadow Park is in the works , and once the lease is signed the local club will be formally recognized by Commissioner Ford C. Frick . +Shea's efforts figure prominently in the new stadium . +

+

Shea and his wife , Nori , make their home at Sands Point , L. I. . +Bill Jr. , 20 , Kathy , 15 , and Patricia , 9 , round out the Shea family . +

+

Shea was born in Manhattan . +He attended New York University before switching to Georgetown University in Washington . +He played basketball there while working toward a law degree . +

+

Later , Shea owned and operated the Long Island Indians , a minor league professional football team . +He was the lawyer for Ted Collins' old Boston Yankees in the National Football League . +

+

All was quiet in the office of the Yankees and the local National Leaguers yesterday . +On Friday , Roger Maris , the Yankee outfielder and winner of the American League's most-valuable-player award , will meet with Roy Hamey , the general manager . +Maris is in line for a big raise . +

+

Arnold Palmer and Sam Snead will be among those honored at the national awards dinner of the Metropolitan Golf Writers Association tonight . +The dinner will be held at the Hotel Pierre . +

+

Palmer , golf's leading money-winner in 1960 , and Snead will be saluted as the winning team in the Canada Cup matches last June in Dublin . +Deane Beman , the National Amateur champion , and all the metropolitan district champions , including Bob Gardner , the amateur title-holder , also will receive awards . +

+

The writers' Gold Tee Award will go to John McAuliffe of Plainfield , N. J. , and Palm Beach , Fla. , for his sponsorship of charity tournaments . +Horton Smith of Detroit , a former president of the Professional Golfers Association , will receive the Ben Hogan Trophy for his comeback following a recent illness . +

+

The principal speaker will be Senator Stuart Symington , Democrat of Missouri . +

+

Golf's golden boy +Arnold Palmer has been a blazing figure in golf over the past twelve months . +He won the Masters , the United States Open and a record $80,738 in prize money . +He was heralded as `` Sportsman of the Year '' by Sports Illustrated , and last night was acclaimed in Rochester as the `` Professional Athlete of the Year '' , a distinction that earned for him the $10,000 diamond-studded Hickok Belt . +

+

But he also achieved something that endeared him to every duffer who ever flubbed a shot . +A couple of weeks ago , he scored a monstrous 12 on a par-5 hole . +It made him human . +And it also stayed the hands of thousands of brooding incompetents who were meditating the abandonment of a sport whose frustrations were driving them to despair . +If such a paragon of perfection as Palmer could commit such a scoring sacrilege , there was hope left for all . +

+

It was neither a spirit of self-sacrifice nor a yen to encourage the downtrodden that motivated Arnold . +He merely became victimized by a form of athletics that respects no one and aggravates all . +The world's best golfer , shooting below par , came to the last hole of the opening round of the Los Angeles open with every intention of delivering a final crusher . +He boomed a 280-yard drive . +Then the pixies and the zombies took over while the banshees wailed in the distance . +

+

No margin for error +On the narrow fairway of a 508-yard hole , Arnold whipped into his second shot . +The ball went off in a majestic arc , an out-of-bounds slice . +He tried again and once more sliced out of bounds . +He hooked the next two out of bounds on the opposite side . +

+

`` It is possible that I over-corrected '' , he said ruefully . +Each of the four wayward shots cost him two strokes . +So he wound up with a dozen . +

+

`` It was a nice round figure , that 12 '' , he said as he headed for the clubhouse , not too much perturbed . +

+

From the standpoint of the army of duffers , however , this was easily the most heartening exhibition they had had since Ben Hogan fell upon evil ways during his heyday and scored an 11 in the Texas open . +The idol of the hackers , of course , is Ray Ainsley , who achieved a 19 in the United States Open . +Their secondary hero is another pro , Willie Chisholm , who drank his lunch during another Open and tried to blast his way out of a rock-strewn gully . +Willie's partner was Long Jim Barnes , who tried to keep count . +

+

Stickler for rules +`` How many is that , Jim '' ? ? +Asked Willie at one stage of his excavation project . +

+

`` Thirteen '' , said Long Jim . +

+

`` Nae , man '' , said Willie , `` ye must be countin' the echoes '' . +He had a 16 . +

+

Palmer's dozen were honestly earned . +Nor were there any rules to save him . +If there had been , he would have found a loophole , because Arnold is one golfer who knows the code as thoroughly as the man who wrote the book . +This knowledge has come in handy , too . +

+

His first shot in the Open last year landed in a brook that flowed along the right side of the fairway . +The ball floated downstream . +A spectator picked up the ball and handed it to a small boy , who dropped this suddenly hot potato in a very playable lie . +

+

Arnold sent for Joe Dey , the executive secretary of the golf association . +Joe naturally ruled that a ball be dropped from alongside the spot where it had originally entered the stream . +

+

`` I knew it all along '' , confessed Arnold with a grin , `` but I just happened to think how much nicer it would be to drop one way up there '' . +

+

For a serious young man who plays golf with a serious intensity , Palmer has such an inherent sense of humor that it relieves the strain and keeps his nerves from jangling like banjo strings . +Yet he remains the fiercest of competitors . +He'll even bull head-on into the rules when he is sure he's right . +That's how he first won the Masters in 1958 . +

+

It happened on the twelfth hole , a 155-yarder . +Arnold's iron shot from the tee burrowed into the bunker guarding the green , an embankment that had become soft and spongy from the rains , thereby bringing local rules into force . +

+

Ruling from on high +`` I can remove the ball , can't I '' ? ? +Asked Palmer of an official . +

+

`` No '' , said the official . +`` You must play it where it lies '' . +

+

`` You're wrong '' , said Arnold , a man who knows the rules . +`` I'll do as you say , but I'll also play a provisional ball and get a ruling '' . +

+

He scored a 4 for the embedded ball , a 3 with the provisional one . +The golfing fathers ruled in his favor . +So he picked up a stroke with the provisional ball and won the tournament by the margin of that stroke . +

+

Until a few weeks ago , however , Arnold Palmer was some god-like creature who had nothing in common with the duffers . +But after that 12 at Los Angeles he became one of the boys , a bigger hero than he ever had been before . +

+

A formula to supply players for the new Minneapolis Vikings and the problem of increasing the 1961 schedule to fourteen games will be discussed by National Football League owners at a meeting at the Hotel Warwick today . +

+

Other items on the agenda during the meetings , which are expected to continue through Saturday , concern television , rules changes , professional football's hall of fame , players' benefits and constitutional amendments . +

+

The owners would like each club in the fourteen-team league to play a home-and-home series with teams in its division , plus two games against teams in the other division . +However , this would require a lengthening of the season from thirteen to fourteen weeks . +

+

Pete Rozelle , the league commissioner , pointed out : +

+

`` We'll have the problem of baseball at one end and weather at the other '' . +

+

Nine of the league's teams play in baseball parks and therefore face an early-season conflict in dates . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a17.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a17.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fce08bc654291eef33e2fbaf84da733ff8b863b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a17.xml @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ +Sample A17 from Rocky Mountain News, [Denver, Colorado] April 21, 1961, "Gala Opening Slated" by Dorothy Jane Burke + May 16, 1961, p. 31 "Meet Skid Row's Mom Marr" by Marjorie Barret + "All American Safari" by Inez Robb The Dallas Morning News, September 10, 1961, sec. 6, p.4Used by permission of the Dallas Morning News + "Judith Gay..." + "Mason-Baker Rites" + "Larry W. Mills" + "Mr. Loving..." +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,005 words 68 (3.4%) quotes 7 symbolsA17

Used by permission of Rocky Mountain News

 Rocky Mountain News, [Denver, Colorado]

Arbitrary Hyphen: over-night [1110]Typographical Error: or [for of] [1840]Illegible: Te ? er [0420] recorded as Teter

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

After being closed for seven months , the Garden of the Gods Club will have its gala summer opening Saturday , June 3 . +

+

Music for dancing will be furnished by Allen Uhles and his orchestra , who will play each Saturday during June . +

+

Members and guests will be in for an added surprise with the new wing containing 40 rooms and suites , each with its own private patio . +

+

Gene Marshall , genial manager of the club , has announced that the Garden of the Gods will open to members Thursday , June 1 . +

+

Beginning July 4 , there will be an orchestra playing nightly except Sunday and Monday for the summer season . +

+

Mrs. J. Edward Hackstaff and Mrs. Paul Luette are planning a luncheon next week in honor of Mrs. J. Clinton Bowman , who celebrates her birthday on Tuesday . +

+

Mr. and Mrs. Jerry Chase announce the birth of a daughter , Sheila , on Wednesday in Mercy Hospital . +

+

Grandparents are Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Chase and Mr. and Mrs. Guy Mullenax of Kittredge . +

+

Mrs. Chase is the former Miss Mary Mullenax . +

+

Back to w. coast +Mrs. McIntosh Buell will leave Sunday to return to her home in Santa Barbara , Calif. , after spending a week in her Polo Grounds home . +

+

Mrs. John C. Vroman Jr. of Manzanola is spending several days in her Sherman Plaza apartment . +

+

Mr. and Mrs. Merrill Shoup have returned to their home in Colorado Springs after spending a few days at the Brown Palace Hotel . +

+

Brig. Gen. and Mrs. Robert F. McDermott will entertain at a black tie dinner Wednesday , May 3 , in the Officers' Club at the Air Force Academy . +

+

Cocktail party +Mr. and Mrs. Piero De Luise will honor Italian Consul and Mrs. Emilio Bassi at a cocktail party Tuesday , May 2 , from 6 to 8 p.m. in their home . +The Bassis are leaving soon for their new post . +

+

There will be a stag dinner Friday evening at the Denver Country Club which will precede the opening of the 1961 golf season . +

+

Cocktails will be served from 6 to 7 p.m. , with dinner at 7 and entertainment in the main dining room immediately following . +

+

Miss Betsy Parker was one of the speakers on the panel of the Eastern Women's Liberal Arts College panel on Wednesday evening in the Security Life Bldg. . +

+

Guests were juniors in the public high schools . +

+

Fashion show +The committee for the annual Central City fashion show has been announced by Mrs. D. W. Moore , chairman . +

+

The event , staged yearly by Neusteters , will be held in the Opera House Wednesday , Aug. 16 . +It will be preceded by luncheon in the Teter House . +

+

Mrs. Roger Mead is head of the luncheon table decorations . +Mrs. Stanley Wright is ticket chairman and Mrs. Theodore Pate is in charge of publicity . +

+

Members of the committee include Mrs. Milton Bernet , Mrs. J. Clinton Bowman , Mrs. Rollie W. Bradford , Mrs. Samuel Butler Jr. , Mrs. Donald Carr Campbell , Mrs. Douglas Carruthers , Mrs. John C. Davis 3 , , Mrs. Cris Dobbins , Mrs. William E. Glass , Mrs. Alfred Hicks 2 , , Mrs. Donald Magarrell , Mrs. Willett Moore , Mrs. Myron Neusteter , Mrs. Richard Gibson Smith , Mrs. James S. Sudier 2 , and Mrs. Thomas Welborn . +

+

The first committee meeting will be held on May 19 . +

+

Mr. and Mrs. Andrew S. Kelsey of Washington , D.C. , announce the birth of a daughter , Kira Ann Kelsey , on Monday in Washington , D.C. . +

+

Grandparents are Mr. and Mrs. R.L. Rickenbaugh and Mr. and Mrs. E.O. Kelsey of Scarsdale , N.Y. . +

+

Mrs. Kelsey is the former Miss Ann Rickenbaugh . +

+

A cheery smile , a compassionate interest in others and a practical down-to-earth approach . +

+

Those qualities make Esther Marr a popular asset at the Salvation Army's Social Center at 1200 Larimer St. . +

+

The pert , gray-haired woman who came to Denver three years ago from Buffalo , N.Y. , is a `` civilian '' with the Army . +

+

Her position covers a number of daily tasks common to any social director . +The job also covers a number of other items . +

+

`` Mom '' Marr , as the more than 80 men at the center call her , is the link that helps to bridge the gulf between alcoholics and the outside world and between parolees and society . +

+

Her day starts early , but no matter how many pressing letters there are to be written ( and during May , which is National Salvation Army Week , there are plenty ) , schedules to be made or problems to be solved , Mrs. Marr's office is always open and the welcome mat is out . +

+

Mrs. Marr is the first contact a Skid Row figure talks to after he decides he wants to pick himself up . +

+

She sees that there is a cup of steaming hot coffee awaiting him and the two chat informally as she presents the rules of the center and explains procedures . +

+

`` Usually at this point a man is withdrawn from society and one of my jobs is to see that he relearns to mingle with his fellow men '' , Mrs. Marr explained . +

+

The Denverite has worked out an entire program to achieve this using the facilities of the center . +

+

`` And I bum tickets to everything I can '' , she said . +`` I've become the greatest beggar in the world '' . +

+

In addition to the tickets to the movies , sporting events and concerts , Mrs. Marr lines up candy and cookies because alcoholics require a lot of sweets to replace the sugar in their system . +

+

Mrs. Marr also has a number of parolees to `` mother '' , watching to see that they do not break their parole and that they also learn to readjust to society . +

+

By mid-June , millions of Americans will take to the road on vacation trips up and down and back and forth across this vast and lovely land . +

+

In another four weeks , with schools closed across the nation , the great all-American summer safari will be under way . +By July 1 , six weeks from now , motel-keepers all over the nation will , by 6 p.m. , be switching on that bleak -- to motorists -- sign , `` No Vacancy '' . +

+

No matter how many Americans go abroad in summer , probably a hundred times as many gas up the family car , throw suitcases , kids and comic books in the back seat , and head for home . +And where is `` home '' , that magic place of the heart ? ? +

+

Ah , that is simple . +Home is where a man was born , reared , went to school and , most particularly , where grandma is . +That is where we turn in the good old summertime . +

+

The land lies ready for the coming onslaught . +My husband and I , a month ahead of the rush , have just finished a 7-day motor journey of 2809 miles from Tucson , Ariz. , to New York City : +

+

set for influx +I can testify that motels , service and comfort stations ( they go together like Scots and heather ) , dog wagons , roadside restaurants , souvenir stands and snake farms are braced and waiting . +

+

I hope it can be said without boasting that no other nation offers its vacationing motorists such variety and beauty of scene , such an excellent network of roads on which to enjoy it and such decent , far-flung over-night accommodations . +

+

Maybe motel-keeping isn't the nation's biggest industry , but it certainly looks that way from the highway . +

+

There are motels for all purposes and all tastes . +There are even motels for local weather peculiarities in Shamrock , Tex. , as I discovered . +There the Royal Motel advertises `` all facilities , vented heat , air conditioned , carpeted , free TV , storm cellar '' . +

+

Many with pools +Innumerable motels from Tucson to New York boast swimming pools ( `` swim at your own risk '' is the hospitable sign poised at the brink of most pools ) . +Some even boast two pools , one for adults and one for children . +But the Royal Motel in Shamrock was the only one that offered the comfort and security of a storm cellar . +

+

Motorists like myself who can remember the old `` tourists accommodated '' signs on farm houses and village homes before World War 2 , can only marvel at the great size and the luxury of the relatively new and fast-grossing motel business . +

+

All for $14 ! ! +

+

At the Boxwood Motel in Winchester , Va. , we accidentally drew the honeymoon suite , an elegant affair with wall-to-wall carpeting , gold and white furniture , pink satin brocade chairs , 24-inch TV and a pink tile bath with masses of pink towels . +All for $14 . +

+

That made up for the `` best '' motel in Norman , Okla. , where the proprietor knocked $2 off the $8.50 tab when we found ants in the pressed-paper furniture . +

+

Oxnard , Calif. , will be the home of the Rev. Robert D. Howard and his bride , the former Miss Judith Ellen Gay , who were married Saturday at the Munger Place Methodist Church . +

+

Parents of the bride are Mr. and Mrs. Ferris M. Gay , 7034 Coronado . +The bridegroom is the son of Mrs. James Baines of Los Angeles , Calif. , and Carl E. Howard of Santa Monica , Calif. . +He is a graduate of UCLA and Perkins School of Theology , Aj . +

+

Dr. W. B. I. Martin officiated , and the bride was given in marriage by her father . +Honor attendants for the couple were Miss Sandra Branum and Warren V. McRoberts . +

+

The couple will honeymoon in Sequoia National Park , Calif. . +

+

Miss Joan Frances Baker , a graduate of SMU , was married Saturday to Elvis Leonard Mason , an honor graduate of Lamar State College of Technology , in the chapel of the First Presbyterian Church of Houston . +

+

The bride , daughter of Rhodes Semmes Baker Jr. of Houston and the late Mrs. Baker , was president of Kappa Kappa Gamma and a member of Mortar Board at Aj . +Her husband , who is the son of Alton John Mason of Shreveport , La. , and the late Mrs. Henry Cater Parmer , was president of Alpha Tau Omega and a member of Delta Sigma Pi at Lamar Tech , and did graduate work at Rhodes University in Grahamstown , South Africa , on a Rotary Fellowship . +

+

The Rev. Richard Freeman of Texas City officiated and Charles Pabor and Mrs. Marvin Hand presented music . +The bride was given in marriage by her father . +

+

She wore a court-length gown of organdy designed with bateau neckline and princesse skirt accented by lace appliques . +Her veil was caught to a crown , and she carried gardenias and stephanotis . +

+

Miss Mary Ross of Baird was maid of honor , and bridesmaids were Miss Pat Dawson of Austin , Mrs. Howard M. Dean of Hinsdale , Ill. , and Mrs. James A. Reeder of Shreveport , La. . +

+

Cecil Mason of Hartford , Conn. , was best man for his brother , and groomsmen were Rhodes S. Baker 3 , of Houston , Dr. James Carter of Houston and Conrad McEachern of New Orleans , La. . +Lee Jackson and Ken Smith , both of Houston , and Alfred Neumann of Beaumont seated guests . +

+

After a reception at The Mayfair , the newlyweds left for a wedding trip to New Orleans , La. . +They will live in Corpus Christi . +

+

Miss Shirley Joan Meredith , a former student of North Texas State University , was married Saturday to Larry W. Mills , who has attended Arlington State College . +They will live at 2705 Fitzhugh after a wedding trip to Corpus Christi . +

+

Parents of the couple are Ray Meredith of Denton and the late Mrs. Meredith and Mrs. Hardy P. Mills of Floresville and the late Mr. Mills . +

+

The Rev. Melvin Carter officiated at the ceremony in Slaughter Chapel of the First Baptist Church . +Dan Beam presented music and the bride was given in marriage by her father . +

+

She wore a gown of satin designed along princesse lines and featuring a flared skirt and lace jacket with bateau neckline . +Her veil was caught to a pearl headdress , and she carried stephanotis and orchids . +

+

Miss Glenda Kay Meredith of Denton was her sister's maid of honor , and Vernon Lewelleyn of San Angelo was best man . +Robert Lovelace and Cedric Burgher Jr. seated guests . +A reception was held at the church . +

+

The First Christian Church of Pampa was the setting for the wedding last Sunday of Miss Marcile Marie Glison and Thomas Earl Loving Jr. , who will live at 8861 Gaston after a wedding trip to New Orleans , La. +

+

The bride , daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Ervin Glison of Pampa , has attended Texas Woman's University and will continue her studies at Aj . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a19.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a19.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..401d9269e04c6514e3f7ccd532de900081c4464d --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a19.xml @@ -0,0 +1,198 @@ +Sample A19 from The Sun, [Baltimore] January 8, 1961, p.36 "B & O To Cut Payrolls" +"Bandit Strikes..." +"Baby Dies in Fire" +"Arundel School Chief" by Stuart S. Smith +"Sen. Bertorelli..." +"Deficiencies Seen" by James S. Keat +"Slain Pair's Son" +"Simpkins Chosen" by Charles Whiteford + December 10, 1961, sec. C, "Building Awards" +"Apartment Demand..." by Carroll E. Wiliams +"Apartment Addition" +"62 Construction" +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,004 words 98 (4.9%) quotesA19

Used by permission of The Sun

 The Sun, [Baltimore]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad announced yesterday it would reduce the total amount of its payroll by 10 per cent through salary cuts and lay-offs effective at 12:01 A.M. next Saturday . +The current monthly payroll comes to about $15,000,000 . +

+

Howard E. Simpson , the railroad's president , said , `` A drastic decline in freight loading due principally to the severe slump in the movement of heavy goods has necessitated this regrettable action '' . +

+

The reduction in expenses will affect employees in the thirteen states in which the B. & O. operates . +

+

Salary cut and lay-offs +It will be accomplished in two ways : 1 +A flat reduction of 10 per cent in the salary of all officers , supervisors and other employees not belonging to unions . +There are about 3,325 officers and employees in this class . +2 +Sufficient lay-offs of union employees to bring about a 10 per cent cut in the union payroll expense . +

+

Since the railroad cannot reduce the salary of individual union members under contract , it must accomplish its payroll reduction by placing some of the men on furlough , a B. & O. spokesman said . +

+

Those union members kept on their jobs , therefore , will not take a cut in their wages . +

+

The spokesman said the number to be furloughed cannot be estimated since the lay-offs must be carried out in each area depending on what men are most needed on the job . +

+

A thug struck a cab driver in the face with a pistol last night after robbing him of $18 at Franklin and Mount Streets . +

+

The victim , Norman B. Wiley , 38 , of the 900 block North Charles Street , was treated for cuts at Franklin Square Hospital after the robbery . +

+

The driver told police he followed as the Negro man got out of the cab with his money . +The victim was beaten when he attempted to stop the bandit . +

+

He said the assailant , who was armed with a automatic , entered the taxi at Pennsylvania Avenue and Gold Street . +

+

In another attack , Samuel Verstandig , 41 , proprietor of a food store in the 2100 block Aiken Street , told police two Negroes assaulted him in his store and stole $150 from the cash register after choking and beating him . +

+

A baby was burned to death and two other children were seriously injured last night in a fire which damaged their one-room Anne Arundel county home . +

+

The victim Darnell Somerville , Negro , 1 , was pronounced dead on arrival at Anne Arundel General Hospital in Annapolis . +

+

His sister and brother , Marie Louise , 3 , and John Raymond , Jr. 22 months , were admitted to the hospital . +The girl was in critical condition with burns over 90 per cent of her body . +

+

Boy in fair condition +The boy received second-degree burns of the face , neck and back . +His condition was reported to be fair . +

+

Police said the children's mother , Mrs. Eleanor Somerville , was visiting next door when the fire occurred . +

+

The house is on Old Annapolis road a mile south of Severna Park , at Jones Station , police said . +Annapolis , Jan. 7 +-- The Anne Arundel county school superintendent has asked that the Board of Education return to the practice of recording its proceedings mechanically so that there will be no more question about who said what . +

+

The proposal was made by Dr. David S. Jenkins after he and Mrs. D. Ellwood Williams , Jr. , a board member and long-time critic of the superintendent , argued for about fifteen minutes at this week's meeting . +

+

The disagreement was over what Dr. Jenkins had said at a previous session and how his remarks appeared in the minutes presented at the following meeting . +

+

Cites discrepancies +Mrs. Williams had a list which she said contained about nine or ten discrepancies between her memory of Dr. Jenkins's conversation and how they were written up for the board's approval . +

+

`` I hate to have these things come up again and again '' , Dr. Jenkins commented as he made his suggestion . +`` These are the board's minutes . +I'll write what you tell me to '' . +

+

For a number of years the board used a machine to keep a permanent record but abandoned the practice about two years ago . +

+

It was about that time , a board member said later , that Dr. Thomas G. Pullen , Jr. , State superintendent of schools , told Dr. Jenkins and a number of other education officials that he would not talk to them with a recording machine sitting in front of him . +

+

The Board of County Commissioners , the Sanitary Commission , the Planning and Zoning Board and other county official bodies use recording machines for all public business in order to prevent law suits and other misunderstandings about what actually happened at their meetings . +

+

Dr. Jenkins notes , however , that most of the school boards in the State do not do so . +

+

State Senator Joseph A. Bertorelli ( D. , First Baltimore ) had a stroke yesterday while in his automobile in the 200 block of West Pratt Street . +

+

He was taken to University Hospital in a municipal ambulance . +

+

Doctors at the hospital said he was partially paralyzed on the right side . +His condition was said to be , `` fair '' . +

+

Police said he became ill while parked in front of a barber shop at 229 West Pratt Street . +

+

Barber summoned +He called Vincent L. Piraro , proprietor of the shop , who summoned police and an ambulance . +

+

The vice president of the City Council complained yesterday that there are `` deficiencies '' in the city's snow clearing program which should be corrected as soon as possible . +

+

Councilman William D. Schaefer ( D. , Fifth ) said in a letter to Mayor Grady that plowing and salting crews should be dispatched earlier in storms and should be kept on the job longer than they were last month . +

+

Werner criticized +Conceding that several cities to the north were in worse shape than Baltimore after the last storm , Mr. Schaefer listed several improvements he said should be made in the snow plan here . +

+

He said the snow plan was put in effect too slowly in December . +Equipment should be in operation `` almost immediately after the first snowfall '' , Mr. Schaefer said . +

+

The Councilman , who is the Administration floor leader , also criticized Bernard L. Werner , public works director , for `` halting snow operations '' on Tuesday night after the Sunday storm . +

+

Sent home for rest +Mr. Werner said yesterday that operations continued through the week . +What he did , Mr. Werner said , was let manual laborers go home Tuesday night for some rest . +Work resumed Wednesday , he said . +

+

Mr. Schaefer also recommended that the snow emergency route plan , under which parking is banned on key streets and cars are required to use snow tires or chains on them , should be `` strictly enforced '' . +

+

Admitting that main streets and the central business district should have priority , the Councilman said it is also essential that small shopping areas `` not be overlooked if our small merchants are to survive '' . +

+

Recounting personal observations of clearance work , the Councilman cited instances of inefficient use of equipment or supplies by poorly trained workers and urged that plow blades be set so they do not leave behind a thin layer of snow which eventually freezes . +Annapolis , Jan. 7 ( special ) +-- The 15-year-old adopted son of a Washington attorney and his wife , who were murdered early today in their Chesapeake Bay-front home , has been sent to Spring Grove State Hospital for detention . +

+

The victims were H. Malone Dresbach , 47 , and his wife , Shirley , 46 . +Each had been shot in the back several times with a +

+

automatic rifle , according to Capt. Elmer Hagner , chief of Anne Arundel detectives . +

+

Judge Benjamin Michaelson signed the order remanding the boy to the hospital because of the lack of juvenile accommodations at the Anne Arundel County Jail . +The Circuit Court jurist said the boy will have a hearing in Juvenile Court . +

+

Younger son calls police +Soon after 10 A.M. , when police reached the 1-1/2-story brick home in the Franklin Manor section , 15 miles south of here on the bay , in response to a call from the Dresbach's other son , Lee , 14 , they found Mrs. Dresbach's body on the first-floor bedroom floor . +Her husband was lying on the kitchen floor , police said . +

+

The younger son told police his brother had run from the house after the shootings and had driven away in their mother's car . +

+

The description of the car was immediately broadcast throughout Southern Maryland on police radio . +

+

Two brothers adopted +Police said the boys are natural brothers and were adopted as small children by the Dresbachs . +

+

Trooper J. A. Grzesiak spotted the wanted car , with three boys , at a Route 2 service station , just outside Annapolis . +The driver admitted he was the Dresbachs' son and all three were taken to the Edgewater Station , police said . +Annapolis , Jan. 7 +-- Governor Tawes today appointed Lloyd L. Simpkins , his administrative assistant , as Maryland's Secretary of State . +

+

Mr. Simpkins will move into the post being vacated by Thomas B. Finan , earlier named Attorney General to succeed C. Ferdinand Sybert , who will be elevated to an associate judgeship on the Maryland Court of Appeals . +

+

Governor Tawes announced that a triple swearing-in ceremony will be held in his office next Friday . +

+

Simpkins from Somerset +Mr. Simpkins is a resident of Somerset county , and he and the Governor , also a Somerset countian , have been friends since Mr. Simpkins was a child . +

+

Now 38 , Mr. Simpkins was graduated from the University of Maryland's College of Agriculture in 1947 . +

+

Five years later , he was awarded the university's degree in law . +

+

Mr. Simpkins made a name for himself as a member of the House of Delegates from 1951 through 1958 . +From the outset of his first term , he established himself as one of the guiding spirits of the House of Delegates . +

+

Maryland contracts for future construction during October totaled $77,389,000 , up to 10 per cent compared to October , 1960 , F. W. Dodge , Dodge Corporation , reported . +

+

Dodge reported the following breakdown : +

+

Nonresidential at $20,447,000 , down 28 per cent ; ; +residential at $47,101,000 , up 100 per cent ; ; +and heavy engineering at $9,841,000 , down 45 per cent . +

+

The cumulative total of construction contracts for the first ten months of 1961 amounted to $634,517,000 , a 4 per cent increase compared to the corresponding period of last year . +

+

A breakdown of the ten-month total showed : +

+

Nonresidential at $253,355,000 , up 22 per cent ; ; +residential at $278,877,000 , up 12 per cent ; ; +and heavy engineering at $102,285,000 , down 33 per cent . +

+

Residential building consists of houses , apartments , hotels , dormitories and other buildings designed for shelter . +

+

The share of the new housing market enjoyed by apartments , which began about six years ago , has more than tripled within that span of time . +

+

In 1961 , it is estimated that multiple unit dwellings will account for nearly 30 per cent of the starts in residential construction . +

+

While availability of mortgage money has been a factor in encouraging apartment construction , the generally high level of prosperity in the past few years plus rising consumer income are among the factors that have encouraged builders to concentrate in the apartment-building field . +

+

Although economic and personal circumstances vary widely among those now choosing apartments , Leo J. Pantas , vice president of a hardware manufacturing company , pointed out recently that many apartment seekers seem to have one characteristic in common : a desire for greater convenience and freedom from the problems involved in maintaining a house . +

+

Convenience held key +`` Convenience is therefore the key to the housing market today . +Trouble-free , long-life , quality components will play an increasingly important part in the merchandising of new housing in 1960 '' , Pantas predicted . +

+

Sixty-seven living units are being added to the 165-unit Harbor View Apartments in the Cherry Hill section . +

+

Ultimately the development will comprise 300 units , in two-story and three-story structures . +Various of the apartments are of the terrace type , being on the ground floor so that entrance is direct . +Others , which are reached by walking up a single flight of stairs , have balconies . +

+

The structures housing the apartments are of masonry and frame construction . +Heating is by individual gas-fired , forced warm air systems . +

+

Construction in 1962 will account for about 15 per cent of the gross national product , according to a study by Johns-Manville Corporation . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a20.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a20.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f886c14f08d3b4abe960c407b3269cde312d0769 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a20.xml @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +Sample A20 from Chicago Daily Tribune, February 10, 1961 Pp. 1,2"Charge Spies Got Secrets" by Arthur Veysey + P.9 "Dope Fighting Rivalry + P.2 "Youths Slug And Rob" + "Parole Asked" + P.9 "Fine Motorist $100" +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,018 words 189 (9.4%) quotes 3 symbolsA20

Used by permission of Chicago Daily Tribune

 Chicago Daily Tribune, February 10, 1961

Typographical Error: advance [for advanced] [0970]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

London , Feb. 9 +-- Vital secrets of Britain's first atomic submarine , the Dreadnought , and , by implication , of the entire United States navy's still-building nuclear sub fleet , were stolen by a London-based soviet spy ring , secret service agents testified today . +

+

The Dreadnought was built on designs supplied by the United States in 1959 and was launched last year . +It is a killer sub -- that is , a hunter of enemy subs . +It has a hull patterned on that of the United States navy's Nautilus , the world's first atomic submarine . +Its power unit , however , was derived from the reactor of the more modern American nuclear submarine Skipjack . +

+

Five held for trial +The announcement that the secrets of the Dreadnought had been stolen was made in Bow St. police court here at the end of a three day hearing . +A full trial was ordered for : +

+

Two British civil servants , Miss Ethel Gee , 46 , and her newly devoted friend , Harry Houghton , 55 , and divorced . +They are accused of whisking secrets out of naval strongrooms over which they kept guard . +

+

Gordon A. Lonsdale , 37 , a mystery man presumed to be Russian although he carries a Canadian passport . +When arrested , he had the submarine secrets on a roll of candid camera film as well as anti-submarine secrets in Christmas gift wrapping , it was testified . +

+

Flashed to Moscow +A shadowy couple who call themselves Peter Kroger , bookseller , and wife , Joyce . +

+

( In Washington , the Federal Bureau of Investigation identified the Krogers as Morris and Lola Cohen , an American couple formerly of New York City ) +

+

In their suburban cottage the crown charges , the Krogers received secrets from the mystery man , usually on the first Saturday evening of each month , and spent much of the week-end getting the secrets off to Moscow , either on a powerful transmitter buried under the kitchen floor or as dots posted over period marks in used books . +Each dot on magnification resumed its original condition as a drawing , a printed page , or a manuscript . +

+

All five pleaded innocent . +Only Miss Gee asked for bail . +Her young British lawyer , James Dunlop , pleaded that she was sorely needed at her Portland home by her widowed mother , 80 , her maiden aunt , also 80 and bedridden for 20 years , and her uncle , 76 , who once ran a candy shop . +

+

Refuses to grant bail +`` I am not prepared to grant bail to any of them '' , said the magistrate , K.J.P. Baraclough . +

+

The trial will be held , probably the first week of March , in the famous Old Bailey central criminal court where Klaus Fuchs , the naturalized British German born scientist who succeeded in giving American and British atomic bomb secrets to Russia and thereby changed world history during the 1950s , was sentenced to 14 years in prison . +

+

Fourteen years is the maximum penalty now faced by the new five , who may have altered history in the 1960s . +Fuchs , after nine and a half years , was released , being given time off for good behavior . +He promptly went to communist East Germany . +

+

The magistrate tonight refused to return to the five $29,000 in American and British currency , mostly $20 bills , and in British government bonds and stocks . +

+

`` This is Russian money '' , said Mervin Griffith-Jones for the attorney general's office . +He asserted that the Krogers were the bankers for Moscow , Lonsdale the Red paymaster , and the two civil servants the recipients for selling their country's secrets . +

+

`` Of highest value '' +The fact that secrets of the Dreadnought , and thereby of the American undersea fleet , were involved in the spy case had been hinted at earlier . +

+

But just before luncheon today the fact was announced grimly by the British navy's chief adviser to the cabinet on underwater warfare , Capt. George Symonds . +He said that drawings of the Dreadnought and printed details about the ship were found reproduced in an undeveloped roll of film taken from Lonsdale when he was arrested with the two civil servants outside the Old Vic theater Saturday afternoon , Jan. 7 . +

+

The information , he said , would have been of the highest value to a potential enemy . +

+

Court cleared +Just how many sub secrets were being handed over when the ring , watched for six months , was broken remained untold . +

+

The British defending lawyers , who today increased from three to four , demanded to know if they could make the information involved seem of little value to a jury , the chances of their clients would improve . +So in the name of justice the magistrate cleared the court of all except officials to allow the captain to elaborate for almost an hour . +

+

Almost any information about the Dreadnought would also reveal secrets about the American underwater fleet . +Britain began designing the ship in 1956 but got nowhere until the American government decided to end a ban on sharing military secrets with Britain that had been imposed after Fuchs blabbed . +The United States offered to supply a complete set of propelling equipment like that used in the Skipjack . +

+

With the machinery went a complete design for the hull . +

+

The Skipjack was a second generation atomic sub , much advanced on the Nautilus and the other four which preceded it . +

+

Navy's future involved +`` Much of the navy's future depends upon her '' , an American naval announcement said on the Skipjack's first arrival in British waters in August , 1959 , for exhibition to selected high officers at Portland underwater research station . +It was there that the two accused civil servants were at work . +

+

`` Her basic hull form ( a teardrop ) and her nuclear power plant will be used for almost all new submarines , including the potent Polaris missile submarines '' , the statement went on . +

+

The atom reactor , water cooled , was the result of almost a decade of research at the naval reactors branch of the atomic energy commission and Westinghouse Electric Corp. . +Thru development , the reactor and its steam turbines had been reduced greatly in size , and also in complexity , allowing a single propeller to be used , the navy said . +

+

The hull was also a result of almost a decade of work . +It was first tried out on a conventional submarine , the Albacore , in 1954 . +

+

The Skipjack became the fastest submarine ever built . +Reputedly it could outrun , underwater , the fastest destroyers . +It could , reputedly , go 70,000 miles without refueling and stay down more than a month . +

+

It was of the hunter-killer type , designed to seek out ships and other submarines with its most advanced gear and destroy them with torpedoes . +

+

The navy captain disclosed also that a list of questions found in Miss Gee's purse would , if completed and handed back , have given the Kremlin a complete picture `` of our current anti-submarine effort and would have shown what we are doing in research and development for the future '' . +

+

Interested in detector +The spy ring also was particularly interested in ASDIC , the underwater equipment for detecting submarines , it was testified . +Range was a vital detail . +Designs of parts were sought . +

+

Six radiomen told how , twice on two days after the ring was nabbed , a transmitter near Moscow was heard calling , using signals , times and wavelengths specified on codes found hidden in cigaret lighters in Lonsdale's apartment and the Krogers' house and also fastened to the transmitter lid . +Oddly , the calls were still heard 11 days after the five were arrested . +

+

The charge that the federal indictment of three Chicago narcotics detail detectives `` is the product of rumor , combined with malice , and individual enmity '' on the part of the federal narcotics unit here was made yesterday in their conspiracy trial before Judge Joseph Sam Perry in federal District court . +

+

The three -- Miles J. Cooperman , Sheldon Teller , and Richard Austin -- and eight other defendants are charged in six indictments with conspiracy to violate federal narcotic laws . +

+

In his opening statement to a jury of eight women and four men , Bernard H. Sokol , attorney for the detectives , said that evidence would show that his clients were `` entirely innocent '' . +

+

' had to know peddlers ' +`` When they became members of the city police narcotics unit '' , Sokol said , `` they were told they would have to get to know certain areas of Chicago in which narcotics were sold and they would have to get to know people in the narcotics racket . +They , on occasion , posed as addicts and peddlers '' . +

+

Although federal and city narcotic agents sometimes worked together , Sokol continued , rivalries developed when they were `` aiming at the same criminals '' . +This , he added , brought about `` petty jealousies '' and `` petty personal grievances '' . +

+

`` In the same five year period that the United States says they ( the detectives ) were engaged in this conspiracy '' , Sokol continued , `` these three young men received a total of 26 creditable mentions and many special compensations , and were nominated for the Lambert Tree award and the mayor's medal '' . +

+

No comments by U.S. +In opening , D. Arthur Connelly , assistant United States attorney , read the indictment , but made no comments . +Attorneys for the eight other defendants said only that there was no proof of their clients' guilt . +

+

Cooperman and Teller are accused of selling $4,700 worth of heroin to a convicted narcotics peddler , Otis Sears , 45 , of 6934 Indiana Av. . +Among other acts , Teller and Austin are accused of paying $800 to Sears . +

+

The first witness , Moses Winston Mardis , 5835 Michigan Av. , a real estate agent and former bail bondsman , took the stand after opening statements had been made . +But court adjourned after he testified he introduced James White and Jeremiah Hope Pullings , two of the defendants , and also introduced Pullings to Jessy Maroy , a man mentioned in the indictment but not indicted . +

+

Buaford Robinson , 23 , of 7026 Stewart Av. , a CTA bus driver , was slugged and robbed last night by a group of youths at 51st Street and South Park Way . +Robinson was treated at a physician's office for a cut over his left eyebrow and a possible sprained knee . +His losses included his money bag , containing $40 to $50 and his $214 paycheck . +

+

Robinson told Policemen James Jones and Morgan Lloyd of the Wabash Avenue district that 10 youths boarded his south bound express bus in front of Dunbar Vocational High School , 30th Street and South Park Way , and began `` skylarking '' . +

+

When 51st Street was reached , Robinson related , he stopped the bus and told the youths he was going to call the CTA supervisor . +As he left the bus with his money bag , Robinson added , the largest youth accosted him , a quarrel ensued , and the youth knocked him down . +Then the youths fled with his money . +

+

Mrs. Blanche Dunkel , 60 , who has spent 25 years in the Dwight reformatory for women for the murder in 1935 of her son-in-law , Ervin Lang , then 28 , appealed for a parole at a hearing yesterday before two Illinois pardon and parole board members , John M. Bookwalter and Joseph Carpentier . +She had been sentenced to 180 years in prison , but former Gov. Stratton commuted her term to 75 years , making her eligible for parole , as one of his last acts in office . +

+

Mrs. Dunkel admitted the slaying and said that the son-in-law became her lover after the death of her daughter in 1934 . +It was when he attempted to end the relationship that the murder took place . +

+

The son of a wealthy Evanston executive was fined $100 yesterday and forbidden to drive for 60 days for leading an Evanston policeman on a high speed chase over icy Evanston and Wilmette streets Jan. 20 . +

+

The defendant , William L. Stickney 3 , 23 , of 3211 Park pl. , Evanston , who pleaded guilty to reckless driving , also was ordered by Judge James Corcoran to attend the Evanston traffic school each Tuesday night for one month . +

+

Stickney is a salesman for Plee-Zing , Inc. , 2544 Green Bay Rd. , Evanston , a food brokerage and grocery chain firm , of which his father , William L. Jr. , is president . +

+

Patrolman James F. Simms said he started in pursuit when he saw young Stickney speeding north in Stewart Avenue at Central Street . +

+

At Jenks Street , Simms said , the car skidded completely around , just missed two parked cars , and sped east in Jenks . +

+

The car spun around again , Simms said , before Stickney could turn north in Prairie Avenue , and then violated two stop lights as he traveled north into Wilmette in Prairie . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a21.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a21.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73989727d2717c31799e392090a7c6970b7a718d --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a21.xml @@ -0,0 +1,194 @@ +Sample A21 from The Detroit News April 19, 1961, p 3-A "Pohl Convicted" by Allan Blanchard +"Hundreds help Family" by Douglas Glazier +"Wild Driver Tripped" +"Showdown Is Near" +"2 Yanks Executed" + July 23, 1961, p. 15-A "Slave laborer tells" by William W. Lutz +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,002 words 174 (8.7%) quotes 2 symbolsA21

Used by permission of The Detroit News

 The Detroit News

Typographical Errors: somebody's else's [0140]pseudynom [1870]Furhmann's [for Fuhrmanns's] [0990]no final quotes [1020]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

St. Johns , Mich. , April 19 . +

+

-- A jury of seven men and five women found 21-year-old Richard Pohl guilty of manslaughter yesterday in the bludgeon slaying of Mrs. Anna Hengesbach . +

+

Pohl received the verdict without visible emotion . +He returned to his cell in the county jail , where he has been held since his arrest last July , without a word to his court-appointed attorney , Jack Walker , or his guard . +

+

Stepson vindicated +The verdict brought vindication to the dead woman's stepson , Vincent Hengesbach , 54 , who was tried for the same crime in December , 1958 , and released when the jury failed to reach a verdict . +Mrs. Hengesbach was killed on Aug. 31 , 1958 . +

+

Hengesbach has been living under a cloud ever since . +When the verdict came in against his young neighbor , Hengesbach said : +

+

`` I am very pleased to have the doubt of suspicion removed . +Still , I don't wish to appear happy at somebody else's misfortune '' . +

+

Lives on welfare +Hengesbach , who has been living on welfare recently , said he hopes to rebuild the farm which was settled by his grandfather in Westphalia , 27 miles southwest of here . +

+

Hengesbach has been living in Grand Ledge since his house and barn were burned down after his release in 1958 . +

+

Pohl confessed the arson while being questioned about several fires in the Westphalia area by State Police . +

+

He also admitted killing Mrs. Hengesbach . +However , the confession , which was the only evidence against him , was retracted before the trial . +

+

Charges in doubt +Assistant Prosecutor Fred Lewis , who tried both the Hengesbach and Pohl cases , said he did not know what would be done about two arson charges pending against Pohl . +

+

Circuit Judge Paul R. Cash did not set a date for sentencing . +Pohl could receive from 1 to 15 years in prison or probation . +

+

Walker said he was considering filing a motion for a new trial which would contend that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence and that there were several errors in trial procedure . +

+

Locked in motel +A verdict against Pohl came at 4:05 p.m. after almost 13-1/2 hours of deliberation . +The jury , which was locked up in a motel overnight , was canvassed at the request of Walker after the verdict was announced . +

+

The jury foreman , Mrs. Olive Heideman , of rural Elsie , said that a ballot was not even taken until yesterday morning and that the first day of deliberation was spent in going over the evidence . +

+

She said the jurors agreed that Pohl's confession was valid . +

+

The jury asked Judge Cash to send in his written definition of the difference between first and second-degree murder and manslaughter . +

+

The verdict came three hours later . +

+

Some 30 spectators remained in the court during the day and were on hand to hear the verdict read . +The trial had packed the large courtroom for more than a week . +

+

A Sterling Township family of six surviving children , whose mother died yesterday as the aftermath to a fire that also killed one of the children , found today they had the help of hundreds of neighbors and school friends . +

+

While neighbor women assumed some of the dead mother's duties , fund-raising events were being planned by a homeowners association and a student council for the hard-hit Henry Kowalski family , 34220 Viceroy . +

+

Mrs. Eleanor Kowalski , 42 , died yesterday afternoon in Holy Cross Hospital of burns suffered in a fire that followed a bottled gas explosion Saturday night at the flat of her widowed mother , Mrs. Mary Pankowski , in the adjoining suburb of Warren . +

+

Services tomorrow +Funeral services for Mrs. Kowalski and her daughter , Christine , 11 , who died of burns at the same hospital Monday , have been scheduled for 10 a.m. tomorrow in St. Anne's Catholic Church , 31978 Mound , in Warren . +

+

The mother and daughter , who will be buried side by side in Mt. Olivet Cemetery , rested together today in closed caskets at the Lyle Elliott Funeral Home , 31730 Mound , Warren . +

+

Mrs. Pankowski , 61 , remained in Holy Cross Hospital as a result of the explosion , which occurred while Mrs. Kowalski fueled a cook stove in the grandmother's small upstairs flat at 2274 Eight Mile Road East . +

+

Held candle +Assistant Fire Chief Chester Cornell said gas fumes apparently were ignited by a candle which one of the three Kowalski girls present held for her mother , because the flat lacked electricity . +

+

Christine's twin sister , Patricia , and Darlene Kowalski , 8 , escaped with minor burns . +They are home now with the other Kowalski children , Vicky , 14 ; ; +Dennis , 6 ; ; +Eleanor , 2 ; ; +and Bernardine , 1 . +

+

`` All we have left in the world is one another , and we must stay together the way Mother wanted '' , Kowalski said in telling his children of their mother's death yesterday afternoon . +

+

Kowalski , a roofer who seldom worked last winter , already was in arrears on their recently purchased split-level home when the tragedy staggered him with medical and funeral bills . +

+

A135 donated +Neighbor women , such as Mrs. Sidney Baker , 2269 Serra , Sterling Township , have been supplying the family with meals and handling household chores with Kowalski's sister-in-law , Mrs. Anna Kowalski , 22111 David , East Detroit . +

+

Another neighbor , Mrs. Frank C. Smith , 2731 Pall Mall , Sterling Township , surprised Kowalski by coming to the home yesterday with $135 collected locally toward the $400 funeral costs . +

+

John C. Houghton , president of the Tareytown Acres Homeowners Association , followed that by announcing plans last night for a door-to-door fund drive throughout their subdivision on behalf of the Kowalski family . +

+

Students help out +Houghton said 6 p.m. Friday had been set for a canvass of all 480 homes in the subdivision , which is located northeast of Dequindre and 14 Mile Road East . +He said contributions also could be mailed to Post Office Box 553 , Warren Village Station . +

+

Vicky Kowalski meanwhile learned that several of her fellow students had collected almost $25 for her family during the lunch hour yesterday at Fuhrmann Junior High School , 5155 Fourteen Mile road east . +

+

Principal Clayton W. Pohly said he would allow a further collection between classes today , and revealed that Y-Teen Club past surpluses had been used to provide a private hospital nurse Monday for Mrs. Kowalski . +

+

Funds from dances +Student Council officers announced today the Kowalski family would be given the combined proceeds from a school dance held two weeks ago , and another dance for Fuhrmann's 770 students this Friday night . +

+

`` Furhmann's faculty is proud that this has been a spontaneous effort , started largely among the students themselves , because of fondness for Vicky and sympathy for her entire family , Pohly said . +

+

There also were reports of a collection at the County Line Elementary School , 3505o Dequindre , which has been attended this year by four of the Kowalski children including Christine . +

+

Expresses thanks +Kowalski has spoken but little since the fire last Saturday . +But today he wanted to make a public statement . +

+

`` I never knew there were such neighbors and friends around me and my family . +I wasn't sure there were such people anywhere in the world . +I'll need more than a single day to find the words to properly express my thanks to them '' . +

+

An alert 10-year-old safety patrol boy was congratulated by police today for his part in obtaining a reckless driving conviction against a youthful motorist . +

+

Patrolman George Kimmell , of McClellan Station , said he would recommend a special safety citation for Ralph Sisk , 9230 Vernor east , a third grader at the Scripps School , for his assistance in the case . +

+

Kimmell said he and Ralph were helping children across Belvidere at Kercheval Monday afternoon when a car heading north on Belvidere stopped belatedly inside the pedestrian crosswalk . +

+

Gets car number +Kimmell ordered the driver to back up , watched the children safely across and was approaching the car when it suddenly `` took off at high speed '' , he said , narrowly missing him . +

+

Commandeering a passing car , Kimmell pursued the fleeing vehicle , but lost it in traffic . +Returning to the school crossing , the officer was informed by the Sisk boy that he recognized the driver , a neighbor , and had obtained the license number . +

+

The motorist later was identified as Richard Sarkees , 17 , of 2433 McClellan , currently on probation and under court order not to drive . +

+

Given 15 days +He was found guilty of reckless driving yesterday by Traffic Judge George T. Murphy , who continued his no-driving probation for another year and ordered him to spend 15 days in the Detroit House of Correction . +The jail sentence is to begin the day after Sarkees graduates from Eastern High School in June . +

+

The long crisis in Laos appeared nearing a showdown today . +

+

Britain announced that it is asking the Soviet Union to agree tomorrow to an immediate cease-fire . +

+

Help asked +In Vientiane , the royal Laotian government decided today to ask its `` friends and neighbors '' for help in fighting what it called a new rebel offensive threatening the southeast Asian kingdom . +

+

Britain's plans to press Russia for a definite cease-fire timetable was announced in London by Foreign Secretary Lord Home . +

+

He said Britain also proposed that the international truce commission should be reconvened , sent to New Delhi and from there to Laos to verify the cease-fire . +

+

A 14-power conference on Laos should then meet on May 5 , he said . +

+

Plea for arms +The Laos government plea for help was made by Foreign Minister Tiao Sopsaisana . +He indicated that requests would be made for more U.S. arms and more U.S. military advisers . +

+

He declared the government is thinking of asking for foreign troops if the situation worsens . +

+

One of the first moves made after a cabinet decision was to request the United States to establish a full-fledged military assistance group instead of the current civilian body . +

+

A note making the request was handed to U.S. Ambassador Winthrop G. Brown . +

+

Heavy support +The Laos government said four major Pathet Lao rebel attacks had been launched , heavily supported by troops from Communist North Viet Nam . +

+

The minister , describing the attacks which led up to the appeal , said that 60,000 Communist North Vietnamese were fighting royal army troops on one front -- near Thakhek , in southern-central Laos . +

+

There was no confirmation of such massive assaults from independent sources . +In the past such government claims have been found exaggerated . +Havana , April 19 . +

+

-- Two Americans and seven Cubans were executed by firing squads today as Castro military tribunals began decreeing the death penalty for captured invasion forces and suspected collaborators . +

+

A Havana radio broadcast identified the Americans as Howard Anderson and August Jack McNair . +

+

The executions took place at dawn only a few hours after Havana radio announced their conviction by a revolutionary tribunal at Pinar Del Rio , where the executions took place . +

+

Arms plot charged +The broadcast said Anderson , a Seattle ex-marine and Havana businessman , and McNair , of Miami , were condemned on charges of smuggling arms to Cuban rebels . +

+

Anderson operated three Havana automobile service stations and was commander of the Havana American Legion post before it disbanded since the start of Fidel Castro's regime . +

+

Anderson's wife and four children live in Miami . +

+

McNair , 25 , was seized March 20 with four Cubans and accused of trying to land a boatload of rifles in Pinar Del Rio , about 35 miles from Havana . +

+

Report others held +At least 20 other Americans were reported to have been arrested in a mass political roundup . +

+

Among them were a number of newsmen , including Henry Raymont , of United Press International , and Robert Berrellez , of Associated Press . +

+

So many Cubans were reported being swept into the Castro dragnet that the massive Sports Palace auditorium and at least one hotel were converted into makeshift jails . +More than 1,000 were said to have been arrested -- 100 of them Roman Catholic priests . +

+

Of the millions who have served time in concentration camps in Siberia as political prisoners of the Soviet state , few emerge in the West to tell about it . +

+

M. Kegham -- the name is a pseudynom -- was a teacher in Bucharest and a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation ( ARF ) -- two reasons the Communists put him away when they arrived in 1945 . +

+

Today , M. Kegham was in Detroit , en route to join his wife and children in California . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a22.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a22.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c30691291ebbae00d64f97d5607a15d17ac78be --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a22.xml @@ -0,0 +1,188 @@ +Sample A22 from The Atlanta Constitution November 4, 1961, pp. 1,5 "Emory to Integrate" by Bruce Galphin + P.1"Atlantan Killed" +"Will Integrate Theater" + April 17, 1961, p.18Obituaries +"Atlantan, 24, Strikes" +"City Personnel Clerk" +"Program to Erase" +"14th Street Confusion" by Sgt. L. A. Pendergrass + March 6, 1961, "Weekend traffic" +Repeated words: applications from prospective students, and others [0440] +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,023 words 440 (21.7%) quotes 18 symbolsA22

Used by permission of The Atlanta Constitution

 The Atlanta Constitution

Typographical Errors: church [for Church] [1070] Kililngsworth [1050, 1090]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Emory University's Board of Trustees announced Friday that it was prepared to accept students of any race as soon as the state's tax laws made such a step possible . +

+

`` Emory University's charter and by-laws have never required admission or rejection of students on the basis of race '' , board chairman Henry L. Bowden stated . +

+

But an official statement adopted by the 33-man Emory board at its annual meeting Friday noted that state taxing requirements at present are a roadblock to accepting Negroes . +

+

The statement explained that under the Georgia Constitution and state law , tax-exempt status is granted to educational institutions only if they are segregated . +

+

`` Emory could not continue to operate according to its present standards as an institution of higher learning , of true university grade , and meet its financial obligations , without the tax-exemption privileges which are available to it only so long as it conforms to the aforementioned constitutional and statutory provisions '' , the statement said . +

+

The statement did not mention what steps might be taken to overcome the legal obstacles to desegregation . +

+

An Emory spokesman indicated , however , that the university itself did not intend to make any test of the laws . +

+

The Georgia Constitution gives the Legislature the power to exempt colleges from property taxation if , among other criteria , `` all endowments to institutions established for white people shall be limited to white people , and all endowments to institutions established for colored people shall be limited to colored people '' . +

+

At least two private colleges in the Atlanta area now or in the past have had integrated student bodies , but their tax-exempt status never has been challenged by the state . +

+

Emory is affiliated with the Methodist Church . +Some church leaders , both clerical and lay , have criticized the university for not taking the lead in desegregation . +

+

Urged in 1954 +The student newspaper , The Emory Wheel , as early as the fall of 1954 called for desegregation . +

+

`` From its beginning '' , the trustees' statement said Friday , `` Emory University has assumed as its primary commitment a dedication to excellence in Christian higher learning . +Teaching , research and study , according to highest standards , under Christian influence , are paramount in the Emory University policy . +

+

`` As a private institution , supported by generous individuals , Emory University will recognize no obligation and will adopt no policy that would conflict with its purpose to promote excellence in scholarship and Christian education . +

+

`` There is not now , nor has there ever been in Emory University's charter or by-laws any requirement that students be admitted or rejected on the basis of race , color or creed . +Insofar as its own governing documents are concerned , Emory University could now consider applications from prospective students , and others seeking applications from prospective students , and others seeking the opportunity to study or work at the university , irrespective of race , color or creed . +

+

Corporate existence +`` On the other hand , Emory University derives its corporate existence from the State of Georgia . +

+

`` When and if it can do so without jeopardizing constitutional and statutory tax-exemption privileges essential to the maintenance of its educational program and facilities , Emory University will consider applications of persons desiring to study or work at the University without regard to race , color or creed , continuing university policy that all applications shall be considered on the basis of intellectual and moral standards and other criteria designed to assure the orderly and effective conduct of the university and the fulfillment of its mission as an institution of Christian higher education '' . +

+

A young man was killed and two others injured at midnight Friday when the car they were riding slid into a utility pole on Lake Avenue near Waddell Street , NE , police said . +

+

The dead youth was identified as Robert E. Sims , 19 , of 1688 Oak Knoll Cir. , Aj . +

+

Patrolman G. E. Hammons said the car evidently slid out of control on rain-slick streets and slammed into the pole . +

+

The other occupants were James Willard Olvey , 18 , of 963 Ponce De Leon Ave. , NE , and Larry Coleman Barnett , 19 , of 704 Hill St. , SE , both of whom were treated at Grady Hospital for severe lacerations and bruises . +

+

The Atlanta Negro student movement renewed its demands for movie theater integration Friday and threatened picketing and `` stand-ins '' if negotiations failed . +

+

The demands were set forth in letters to seven owners of first-run theaters by the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights . +

+

' intend to attend ' +`` We intend to attend the downtown theaters before the first of the year '' , the identically worded letters said . +

+

The letters set a Nov. 15 deadline for the start of negotiations . +They indicated that stand-ins and picketing would be started if theater owners failed to cooperate . +

+

Downtown and art theater managers and owners , contacted Friday night for comment on the COAHR request , said they had no knowledge of such a letter , and that it was not in the Friday mail . +However , three of the managers did say that they would agree to attend the proposed meeting if all of the other managers decided to attend . +

+

Gather here +The COAHR letter comes on the eve of a large gathering of theater managers and owners scheduled to begin here Sunday . +Several theater operators said , however , that there is little likelihood of the subject being discussed during the three-day affair . +

+

Student leaders began sporadic efforts to negotiate theater integration several months ago . +Charles A. Black , COAHR chairman , said Friday that three theater representatives had agreed to meet with the students on Oct. 31 but had failed to show up . +He declined to name the three . +

+

Friday's letters asked for a Nov. 15 meeting . +Failure to attend the meeting or explain inability to attend , the letters said , would be considered a `` sign of indifference '' . +

+

Black said COAHR `` hoped to be able to integrate the theaters without taking direct action , but we are pledged to using every legal and nonviolent means at our disposal '' +

+

A prepared statement released by the student group Friday stated that `` extensive research by COAHR into techniques and methods of theater integration in other cities indicated that the presence of picket lines and stand-ins before segregated theaters causes a drop in profits '' +

+

Besides managers of downtown theaters , the students sent letters to owners of art theaters in the uptown area and Buckhead . +

+

R. E. Killingsworth +Raymond E. Killingsworth , 72 , died Sunday at his home at 357 Venable St. , Aj . +

+

Mr. Kililngsworth was a foreman with S and W Cafeteria . +He was born in Pittsboro , Miss. , and was a veteran of World War 1 . +He was a member of the Baptist church . +

+

Survivors include two brothers , C. E. Killingsworth , Atlanta , and John Killingsworth , Warren , Ohio ; ; +and two sisters , Miss Minnie Kililngsworth and Mrs. Bessie Bloom , both of Gettysburg , Pa. . +

+

John W. Ball +John William Ball , 68 , of 133 Marietta St. NW , Apartment 101b , died Sunday at his home . +

+

Mr. Ball was a house painter . +He was a member of the Oakland City Methodist Church and a native of Atlanta . +

+

Funeral services will be at 2 p.m. Tuesday at Blanchard's Chapel with the Rev. J. H. Hearn officiating . +

+

Survivors include his sister , Mrs. Emma B. Odom of Atlanta . +

+

Mrs. Lola Harris +Mrs. Lola M. Harris , a native of Atlanta , died Sunday at her home in Garland , Tex. . +

+

Survivors include a son , Charles R. Fergeson , Memphis , Tenn. ; ; +two daughters , Mrs. Gene F. Stoll and Miss Nancy Harris , both of Garland ; ; +her father , H. T. Simpson , Greenville , S.C. , and three sisters , Mrs. W. E. Little and Mrs. Hal B. Wansley , both of Atlanta , and Mrs. Bill Wallace , Wilmington , N.C. . +

+

A 24-year-old Atlanta man was arrested Sunday after breaking into the home of relatives in search of his wife , hitting his uncle with a rock and assaulting two police officers who tried to subdue him , police said . +

+

Patrolmen J. W. Slate and A. L. Crawford Jr. said they arrested Ronald M. Thomas , of 1671 Nakoma St. , NW , after he assaulted the officers . +

+

Police account +The officers gave this account : +

+

Thomas early Sunday went to the home of his uncle and aunt , Mr. and Mrs. R. C. Thomas , 511 Blanche St. , NW , looking for his wife , Margaret Lou Thomas , 18 , and their 11-month-old baby . +

+

The younger Thomas ripped a screen door , breaking the latch , and after an argument struck his uncle with a rock , scratching his face . +He also struck his aunt and wife , and during the melee the baby also suffered scratches . +

+

When police arrived the man was still violent , Slate said . +

+

Attacks officer +He attacked one of the officers and was restrained . +About five minutes later he jumped up , Slate said , and struck the two policemen again . +

+

He was then subdued and placed in the police car to be taken to Grady Hospital for treatment of scratches received in the melee . +Then he attacked the two officers again and was again restrained , Slate related . +

+

Slate said he and Crawford received cuts and scratches and their uniforms were badly torn . +

+

Thomas was charged with four counts of assault and battery . +Two counts of assault on an officer , resisting arrest , disturbance and cursing , police said . +A hearing was set for 30 a.m. Tuesday . +

+

Mrs. Mary Self , who knows more than any other person about the 5,000 city employes for whom she has kept personnel records over the years , has closed her desk and retired . +

+

Over the weekend , Mrs. Self , personnel clerk , was a feted and honored guest of the Atlanta Club , organization of women employes at City Hall . +

+

After 18 years in the personnel office , she has taken a disability pension on advice of her doctors . +

+

As personnel clerk , she handled thousands of entries , ranging from appointments to jobs , to transfers to other employments , to pensions . +

+

`` I have enjoyed it and will feel a bit lost at least for a while '' , she said wistfully Friday . +

+

One of the largest crowds in the club's history turned out to pay tribute to Mrs. Self and her service . +

+

Georgia's Department of Agriculture is intensifying its fire ant eradication program in an effort to stay ahead of the fast-spreading pest . +

+

The department is planning to expand its eradication program soon to four additional counties -- Troup , Pierce , Bryan and Bulloch -- to treat 132,000 acres infested by the ants , according to W. E. Blasingame state entomologist . +

+

Low-flying planes will spread a granular-type chemical , heptachlor , over 30,000 acres in Troup , 37,000 acres in Pierce and 65,000 acres in Bulloch and Bryan counties . +

+

The eradication effort is being pushed in Bibb and Jones counties , over 37,679 acres . +The department has just finished treating 20,000 acres in urban areas of Macon . +

+

Also being treated are Houston , Bleckley , Tift , Turner and Dodge counties , Blasingame said . +The fire ant is thought to infest approximately two million acres of land in Georgia , attacking crops , young wildlife and livestock and can be a serious health menace to humans who are allergic to its venom , Blasingame said . +

+

The north-bound entrance to the Expressway at 14th Street will be closed during the afternoon rush traffic hours this week . +

+

This is being done so that Georgia Tech can complete the final phase of a traffic survey on the North Expressway . +Students have been using electric computers and high speed movie cameras during the study . +Perhaps the engineers can find out what causes all the congestion and suggest methods to eliminate it . +

+

Incidentally , 14th Street and the Expressway is the high accident intersection during daylight hours . +It is followed by Cain Street and Piedmont Avenue , NE ; ; +the junction of the Northeast and Northwest Expressways and Jones Avenue and Marietta Street , Aj . +

+

Four persons died in Georgia weekend traffic crashes , two of them in a fiery crash near Snellville , the State Patrol said Sunday . +

+

The latest death reported was that of 4-year-old Claude Douglas Maynor of Calvary . +Troopers said the child ran into the path of a passing car a half-mile north of Calvary on Georgia 111 in Grady County . +

+

That death occurred at 50 p.m. Friday and was reported Sunday , the patrol said . +

+

Bursts into flames +An auto overturned , skidding into a stopped tractor-trailer and burst into flames near Snellville , the patrol said . +

+

Bobby Bester Hammett , 21 , of Rte. 3 , Lawrenceville , and Mrs. Lucille Herrington Jones , 23 , of Lawrenceville , died in the flaming car , the patrol said . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a23.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a23.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e31ed1780f57ae00cc1a354fe6fd36d5759a40aa --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a23.xml @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ +Sample A23 from The Oregonian, [Portland], August 26, 1961, p.7 "Funds Face 2nd..." +"Police Nab Portlander" +"Bike Collision Hurts" +Obituary +"Clerks'Union Loses" +"Popular NW Musician" +"City Youth's Firm Wins" +"Fair Nears Big Windup" +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,013 words 154 (7.7%) quotes 18 symbolsA23

Used by permission of the Oregonian

 The Oregonian, [Portland], August 26, 1961, p.7

Arbitrary No Hyphen: teenagers [1390] agencies [for agency's] [0200]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Salem ( special ) +-- For a second month in a row , Multnomah County may be short of general assistance money in its budget to handle an unusually high summer month's need , the state public welfare commission was told Friday . +

+

It is the only county in the state so far this month reporting a possible shortage in GA category , for which emergency allotment can be given by the state if necessary . +

+

William Smythe , director of field service , told the commissioners that Multnomah , as of Aug. 22 , had spent $58,918 out of its budgeted $66,000 in the category , leaving only $7,082 for the rest of the month . +

+

At the rate of need indicated in the early weeks of the month , this could mean a shortage of as high as $17,000 . +But it probably will be less because of a usual slackening during the last weeks of each month , Smythe said . +No request for emergency allotment had yet been received , however . +

+

Board oks pact +The commission , meeting for the first time with both of its newly-appointed commissioners , Roy Webster , of Hood River , and Dr. Ennis Keizer , of North Bend , approved a year's contract for a consultant in the data processing department who has been the center of considerable controversy in the past . +

+

The contract with Ray Field , who has been converting the agencies electronic data processing program to magnetic tape , would renew his present salary of $8 an hour up to a maximum of 200 hours a month . +

+

Field does the planning for the machine operations and fiscal processes and the adapting of the data processing system to new programs as they are made necessary by legislative and policy changes . +

+

Acting Administrator Andrew F. Juras said that because of Field's unique position and knowledge in the program , the agency now would be seriously handicapped if he was not continued for a period . +

+

But he emphasized that the agency must train people within its own employ to fulfill what Field handles , and he said he personally `` regrets very much that the agency has not done this in the past '' . +

+

He pointed out to the commissioners that the agency was literally dependent now on the machine processing , `` and the whole wheels of the agency would stop if it broke down or the three or four persons directing it were to leave '' . +

+

Salary termed modest +Juras said he insisted Field be continued on a consultant basis only and be answerable directly to the administrator of the agency and not to other agencies of the government . +He also said that the salary , in terms of going rates in the field , was `` modest '' in terms of the man's responsibility . +The conversion to magnetic tape is not yet completed , he said , and added Field's long service in state government and welfare employ gave him familiarity with the welfare program . +

+

`` Do you feel you can stand up to the next legislative session and defend this contract '' ? ? +Asked Mrs. Grace O. Peck , representative from Multnomah County , of the commission chairman , Joseph E. Harvey Jr. . +

+

`` My feeling at the moment '' , he said , `` is that we have no alternative , irrespective of some of the arguments about him . +The continued operation of this program depends on having his service '' . +

+

Harvey criticized +Mrs. Peck , later joined by the commission's vice-chairman , Mrs. Lee Patterson , took Harvey to task for comments he had made to the North Portland Rotary Club Tuesday . +

+

A publicity release from Oregon Physicians Service , of which Harvey is president , quoted him as saying the welfare office move to Salem , instead of `` crippling '' the agency , had provided an avenue to correct administrative weaknesses , with the key being improved communications between F & A and the commission staff . +

+

`` I rather resent '' , she said , `` you speaking to those groups in Portland as though just the move accomplished this . +I think you fell short of the real truth in the matter : That the move is working out through the fine cooperation of the staff and all the people . +The staff deserves a lot of credit working down here under real obstacles '' . +

+

Harvey said his objective was to create a better public image for welfare '' . +

+

The wife of convicted bank robber Lawrence G. Huntley was arrested in Phoenix , Ariz. , last week and will be returned to Portland to face charges of assault and robbery , Portland detectives said Friday . +

+

Mrs. Lavaughn Huntley is accused of driving the getaway car used in a robbery of the Woodyard Bros.' Grocery , 2825 E. Burnside St. , in April of 1959 . +

+

Her husband , who was sentenced to 15 years in the federal prison at McNeil Island last April for robbery of the Hillsdale branch of Multnomah Bank , also was charged with the store holdup . +Secret Grand Jury indictments were returned against the pair last week , Detective Murray Logan reported . +

+

The Phoenix arrest culminates more than a year's investigation by Detective William Taylor and other officers . +Taylor said Mrs. Huntley and her husband also will be questioned about a series of 15 Portland robberies in spring of 1959 in which the holdup men bound their victims with tape before fleeing . +

+

Mrs. Huntley was held on $20,000 bond in Phoenix . +She was arrested by Phoenix Police after they received the indictment papers from Portland detectives . +

+

A 12-year-old girl , Susan Elaine Smith , 9329 NE Schuyler St. was in serious condition Friday at Bess Kaiser Hospital , victim of a bicycle-auto collision in the Gateway Shopping Center , parking area , Deputy Sheriff W. H. Forsyth reported . +

+

Funeral for William Joseph Brett , 1926 NE 50th Ave. , who died Thursday in Portland , will be Monday 1 p.m. at the Riverview Abbey . +

+

Mr. Brett , born in Brooklyn , N.Y. , Dec. 15 , 1886 , came to Portland in 1920 . +He owned a logging equipment business here from 1923 to 1928 , and later became Northwest district manager for Macwhyte Co. . +He retired in 1958 . +

+

Survivors are his widow , Alice ; ; +a son , William , Seattle , Wash. ; ; +three sisters , Mrs. Eugene Horstman , Los Angeles , Mrs. Lucy Brett Andrew , New York City , and Mrs. Beatrice Kiefferm , New York City , and five grandchildren . +

+

Employes of Montgomery Ward & Co. at The Dalles , in a National Labor Relations Board election Thursday voted to decertify Local 1565 , Retail Clerks International Association , AFL-CIO , as their collective bargaining agent . +

+

The NLRB said that of 11 potentially eligible voters eight voted against the union , two voted for it , and one vote was challenged . +

+

Monte Brooks , 67 , theatrical producer and band leader , collapsed and died Thursday in a Lloyd Center restaurant . +He lived at 6124 N. Willamette Blvd. . +

+

For many years he had provided music and entertainment for functions throughout the Northwest . +These included Oregon State Fair , for which he had been booked on and off , for 30 years . +

+

He collaborated with many of the big name entertainers visiting Portland , among the most recent being Jimmy Durante and Phil Silvers . +

+

He had conducted the 20-piece band in a series of concerts at Blue Lake park during the summer months . +

+

Mr. Brooks was born in New York , and came to Portland in 1920 . +He planned at one time to enter the legal profession , but gave up the plan in favor of the entertainment field . +

+

He was a member of Harmony lodge , No. 12 , AF & AM , Scottish Rite ; ; +Al Kader Temple of the Shrine ; ; +Order of Elks , Lodge No. 142 ; ; +40 & 8 Voiture , No. 25 , Musician's Union , Local 99 . +

+

He was a former commander of Willamette Heights , Post , and a member of Nevah Sholom Congregation . +

+

Survivors are his widow , Tearle ; ; +a son , Sheldon Brooks ; ; +a daughter , Mrs. Sidney S. Stein Jr. , Dorenzo , Calif. ; ; +a sister , Mrs. Birdie Gevurtz ; ; +two brothers , Charley and Aaron Cohn , San Francisco ; ; +and five grandchildren . +

+

Services will be at 30 p.m. Monday at Holman & Son Funeral Home , with interment in Neveh Zebek cemetery . +The family requests that flowers be omitted . +

+

A 16-year-old Portland businessman and his Junior Achievement company , have been judged the `` Company of the Year '' in national competition completed this week at Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio . +

+

Tim Larson , a junior at Wilson High School and president of Spice-Nice , is the young executive who guided his firm to the top-ranking position over the 4,500 other Junior Achievement companies in the United States and Canada . +The award is the first such honor in the 11-year history of JA activities in Portland , according to Ralph Scolatti , local executive director for Junior Achievement . +

+

Spice-Nice , counseled by Georgia-Pacific Corp. , had previously taken first-place honors in both local competition and the regional conference at San Francisco . +The `` pocket-size '' company set records with $2,170 in sales of its products , a selection of barbecue spices , and paid stockholders a 20 per cent dividend on their investment . +

+

Youngsters do business +The Junior Achievement program is designed to give teenagers practical experience in business by allowing them actually to form small companies , under the guidance and sponsorship of business firms . +The youngsters sell stock , produce and sell a product , pay taxes , and show a profit or loss just like full-scale businesses . +

+

National competition was the culmination of work which began with the school year last fall and continued until just before summer vacation . +Participants in the 27 Portland companies worked one night a week through the school year , guided and counseled by adult advisors drawn from local business and industry . +Over 400 Portland firms contributed funds for the maintenance of Junior Achievement headquarters here . +

+

For winning Larson will receive a $100 U.S. Savings Bond from the Junior Achievement national organization . +His company , Spice-Nice , will receive a $250 award , which will be distributed among the 16 charter members . +

+

g-p men served +Advisors for the `` national champion '' company were John K. Morgan , William H. Baker , Leonard Breuer and William F. Stephenson , all of Georgia-Pacific Corp. . +

+

Young Larson is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Larson , 5847 SW Nevada Ct. , Portland . +

+

Other members of the Portland delegation attending the conference in Columbus are : Kathleen Mason , Jefferson high school ; ; +Phil Reifenrath , Madison high school ; ; +Ann Wegener , Madison ; ; +Richard E. Cohn , Grant ; ; +Karen Kolb , Franklin ; ; +and Shelby Carlson , Cleveland . +Hillsboro ( special ) +-- Washington County's 36th annual fair will close Saturday evening with 4-H and FFA awards program at 7 , public dance at 8 and variety show at 8:30 . +

+

On the day's schedule are a flower show , 4-H horsemanship contest and clown shows , the latter at 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. . +

+

Attendance continued to run ahead of last year's during the five-day show , with clear skies helping attract fairgoers . +

+

Exhibition ballroom dancers from the studio of Helen Wick Walters of Hillsboro won the all-county talent contest . +Bill Davis quartet of Hillsboro was second and baton twirler Sue Ann Nuttall of Reedville third . +Finalists from the county's east end failed to place . +

+

Results : +Janet Jossy of North Plains won grand champion honors of the 4-H sheep showman contest . +Blue ribbons went to Stephanie Shaw of Hillsboro , Larry Hinton of Beaverton . +Joan Zurcher of Hillsboro , Phyllis Jossy of North Plains , Jane Cox of North Plains . +Kathy Jossy of Hillsboro , Carol Jossy of North Plains and Lorlyn and Tom Zurcher of Hillsboro . +

+

Tom Day of Beaverton exhibited the grand champion 4-H market hog , a Chester White . +Also winning blue ribbons were Bob Day of Beaverton , Tony Traxel of Beaverton and Steve Hutchins of Banks . +

+

Swine showmanship championship went to Bob Day , with Tom Day and Hutchins winning other blues . +

+

Charles Reynolds of Pumpkin Ridge was rabbit showmanship champion . +

+

In poultry judging , blues were won by John Nyberg of Tualatin , Anne Batchelder of Hillsboro , Jim Shaw of Hillsboro , Stephanie Shaw of Hillsboro and Lynn Robinson of Tigard . +

+

Blue ribbon for one dozen white eggs was taken by Nyberg . +

+

In open class poultry , Donald Wacklin of Sherwood had the champion male and female bird and grand champion bird . +

+

John Haase & Son of Corneilus was the only entrant in open class swine and swept all championships . +

+

Carol Strong , 13 , of Cedar Mill cooked the championship junior dollar dinner . +Millie Jansen , high school senior from Verboort , had the championship dollar dinner , and Jody Jaross of Hillsboro also won a blue ribbon . +

+

Barbara Borland of Tigard took top senior individual home economics honors with a demonstration called filbert hats . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a24.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a24.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1679cf3c46225653fc0f9c6f0f63387585ed26e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a24.xml @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +Sample A24 from The Providence Journal, November 29, 1961 P.22"70 Taxpayers File" +"Hurt in 2-Car Crash" +"Home Ransacked" +"City Can't Fix..." +"Brown Buys House" +"Employes Picket" +"Crash Injures..." +"Warwick School Issue" +"Given $55,000" +"Santa Claus Fund" +"Youth Injures Heel" + P. 23 "$4,177,37 Is Paid" +"Italy Wil Give..." + N."Back from Patrol" 1440-1510 + O."FBI Arrests Jurar" 1520-1860 + P."New President..." 1870-1980 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,039 words 2 (0.1%) quotes 7 symbolsA24

Used by permission of The Providence Journal

 The Providence Journal, November 29, 1961

Typographical Error: accessors [for assessors] [0020]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

About 70 North Providence taxpayers made appeals to the board of tax assessors for a review of their 1961 tax assessments during the last two days at the town hall in Centredale . +

+

These were the last two days set aside by the board for hearing appeals . +Appeals were heard for two days two weeks ago . +About 75 persons appeared at that time . +

+

Louis H. Grenier , clerk of the board , said that the appeals will be reviewed in December at the time the board is visiting new construction sites in the town for assessment purposes . +They also will visit properties on which appeals have been made . +

+

Any adjustments which are made , Mr. Grenier said earlier this month , will appear on the balance of the tax bill since most of the town's taxpayers take the option of paying quarterly with the balance due next year . +

+

John Pezza , 69 , of 734 Hartford Avenue , Providence , complained of shoulder pains after an accident in which a car he was driving collided with a car driven by Antonio Giorgio , 25 , of 12 DeSoto St. , Providence , on Greenville Avenue and Cherry Hill Road in Johnston yesterday . +

+

Mr. Giorgio had started to turn left off Greenville Avenue onto Cherry Hill Road when his car was struck by the Pezza car , police said . +Both cars were slightly damaged . +

+

Mr. Pezza was taken to a nearby Johnston physician , Dr. Allan A. DiSimone , who treated him . +Mr. Giorgio was uninjured . +

+

Thieves yesterday ransacked a home in the Garden Hills section of Cranston and stole an estimated $3,675 worth of furs , jewels , foreign coins and American dollars . +

+

Mr. and Mrs. Stephen M. Kochanek reported the theft at their home on 41 Garden Hills Drive at about 6 last night . +They told police the intruders took a mink coat worth $700 , a black Persian lamb jacket worth $450 ; ; +a wallet with $450 in it ; ; +a collection of English , French and German coins , valued at $500 ; ; +four rings , a watch and a set of pearl earrings . +

+

One of the rings was a white gold band with a diamond setting , valued at $900 . +The others were valued at $325 , $75 and $65 . +The watch was valued at $125 and the earrings at $85 . +

+

The Kochaneks told police they left home at 8 a.m. and returned about 45 p.m. and found the house had been entered . +Patrolman Robert J. Nunes , who investigated , said the thieves broke in through the back door . +Drawers and cabinets in two bedrooms and a sewing room were ransacked . +

+

The city sewer maintenance division said efforts will be made Sunday to clear a stoppage in a sewer connection at Eddy and Elm Streets responsible for dumping raw sewage into the Providence River . +

+

The division said it would be impossible to work on the line until then because of the large amount of acid sewage from jewelry plants in the area flowing through the line , heavy vehicle traffic on Eddy Street and tide conditions . +

+

A two-family house at 255 Brook Street has been purchased by Brown University from Lawrence J. Sullivan , according to a deed filed Monday at City Hall . +F. Morris Cochran , university vice president and business manager , said the house has been bought to provide rental housing for faculty families , particularly for those here for a limited time . +

+

Employes of Pawtucket's garbage and rubbish collection contractor picketed the firm's incinerator site yesterday in the second day of a strike for improved wages and working conditions . +

+

Thomas Rotelli , head of Rhode Island Incinerator Service , Inc. , said four of the company's eight trucks were making collections with both newly hired and regular workers . +

+

Sydney Larson , a staff representative for the United Steel Workers , which the firm's 25 workers joined before striking , said the state Labor Relations Board has been asked to set up an election to pick a bargaining agent . +

+

A 62-year-old Smithfield man , Lester E. Stone of 19 Beverly Circle , was in satisfactory condition last night at Our Lady of Fatima Hospital , North Providence , with injuries suffered when a car he was driving struck a utility pole on Woonasquatucket Avenue in North Providence near Stevens Street . +

+

Mr. Stone suffered fractured ribs and chest cuts , hospital authorities said . +He was taken to the hospital by the North Providence ambulance . +

+

Before hitting the pole , Mr. Stone's car brushed against a car driven by Alva W. Vernava , 21 , of 23 Maple Ave. , North Providence , tearing away the rear bumper and denting the left rear fender of the Vernava car , police said . +Mr. Vernava was uninjured . +

+

The impact with the utility pole caused a brief power failure in the immediate area of the accident . +One house was without power for about half an hour , a Narragansett Electric Co. spokesman said . +The power was off for about five minutes in houses along Smith Street as far away as Fruit Hill Avenue shortly before 5 p.m. when the accident occurred . +

+

The fight over the Warwick School Committee's appointment of a coordinator of audio-visual education may go to the state Supreme Court , it appeared last night . +

+

Two members of the Democratic-endorsed majority on the school board said they probably would vote to appeal a ruling by the state Board of Education , which said yesterday that the school committee acted improperly in its appointment of the coordinator , Francis P. Nolan 3rd , the Democratic-endorsed committee chairman , could not be reached for comment . +

+

In its ruling , the state Board of Education upheld Dr. Michael F. Walsh , state commissioner of education , who had ruled previously that the Warwick board erred when it named Maurice F. Tougas as coordinator of audio-visual education without first finding that the school superintendent's candidate was not suitable . +

+

Supt. Clarence S. Taylor had recommended Roger I. Vermeersch for the post . +

+

Milton and Rosella Lovett of Cranston were awarded $55,000 damages from the state in Superior Court yesterday for industrial property which they owned at 83 Atwells Ave. , Providence , and which was condemned for use in construction of Interstate Route 95 . +

+

The award was made by Judge Fred B. Perkins who heard their petition without a jury by agreement of the parties . +

+

The award , without interest , compared with a valuation of $57,500 placed on the property by the property owners' real estate expert , and a valuation of $52,500 placed on it by the state's expert . +

+

The property included a one-story brick manufacturing building on 8,293 square feet of land . +

+

Saul Hodosh represented the owners . +Atty. Gen. J. Joseph Nugent appeared for the state . +

+

Santa's lieutenants in charge of the Journal-Bulletin Santa Claus Fund are looking for the usual generous response this year from Cranston residents . +

+

Persons who find it convenient may send their contributions to the Journal-Bulletin's Cranston office at 823 Park Avenue . +All contributed will be acknowledged . +

+

The fund's statewide quota this year is $8,250 to provide Christmas gifts for needy youngsters . +Scores of Cranston children will be remembered . +

+

Cranston residents have been generous contributors to the fund over the years . +Public school children have adopted the fund as one of their favorite Christmas charities and their pennies , nickels , dimes and quarters aid greatly in helping Santa to reach the fund's goal . +

+

Bernard Parrillo , 20 , of 19 Fletcher Ave. , Cranston , was admitted to Roger Williams Hospital shortly before 11:30 a.m. yesterday after a hunting accident in which a shotgun he was carrying discharged against his heel . +

+

Mr. Parrillo was given first aid at Johnston Hose 1 . +( Thornton ) where he had been driven by a companion . +The two had been hunting in the Simmonsville area of town and Mr. Parrillo dropped the gun which fired as it struck the ground . +

+

Hospital officials said the injury was severe but the youth was in good condition last night . +

+

A check for $4,177.37 representing the last payment of a $50,000 federal grant to Rhode Island Hospital was presented to the hospital administrator , Oliver G. Pratt , yesterday by Governor Notte . +

+

The hospital has used the money to assist in alterations on the fifth floor of the Jane Brown Hospital , part of Rhode Island Hospital . +The work added eight beds to the hospital , giving it a total capacity of 646 general beds . +

+

Vincent Sorrentino , founder and board chairman of the Uncas Mfg. Co. , has been designated a Cavaliere of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Italy . +

+

The decoration will be presented by A. Trichieri , Italian consul general in Boston , at a ceremony at 30 p.m. on Dec. 7 at the plant , which this year is celebrating its golden anniversary . +About 500 employes of the firm will be on hand to witness bestowal of the honor upon Mr. Sorrentino . +

+

Mr. Sorrentino will be honored on the evening of Dec. 7 at a dinner to be given by the Aurora Club at the Sheraton-Biltmore Hotel . +

+

The Newport-based destroyer picket escort Kretchmer has arrived back at Newport after three months' patrol in North Atlantic waters marked by mercy jobs afloat and ashore . +

+

On Sept. 6 , the Kretchmer rescued the crew of a trawler they found drifting on a life raft after they had abandoned a sinking ship . +In August while stopping in Greenock , Scotland , three members of the crew on liberty rendered first aid to a girl who fell from a train . +Local authorities credited the men with saving the girl's life . +Birmingham , Ala. -- ( AP ) +-- The FBI yesterday arrested on a perjury charge one of the members of the jury that failed to reach a verdict in the `` Freedom Rider '' bus burning trial four weeks ago . +

+

U.S. Attorney Macon Weaver said the federal complaint , charged that the juror gave false information when asked about Ku Klux Klan membership during selection of jury . +

+

He identified the man as Lewis Martin Parker , 59 , a farmer of Hartselle , Ala. . +

+

Eight men were tried together in U.S. District Court in Anniston , Ala. , on charges of interfering with interstate transportation and conspiracy growing out of a white mob's attack on a Greyhound bus carrying the first of the Freedom Riders . +The bus was burned outside Anniston . +

+

One of the eight defendants was freed on a directed verdict of acquittal . +A mistrial was declared in the case against the other seven when the jury was unable to agree on a verdict . +

+

The arrest of Mr. Parker marks the third charge of wrongdoing involving the jury that heard the case . +

+

The first incident occurred before the trial got under way when Judge H. Hobart Grooms told the jury panel he had heard reports of jury-tampering efforts . +

+

He asked members of the panel to tell him if anyone outside the court had spoken to them about the case . +Two members of the panel later told in court about receiving telephone calls at their homes from anonymous persons expressing interest in the trial . +Neither was seated on the jury . +

+

Then , when the case went to the jury , the judge excused one of the jurors , saying the juror had told him he had been accosted by masked men at his motel the night before the trial opened . +The juror said the masked men had advised him to be lenient . +The judge replaced the juror with an alternate . +

+

No formal charges have been filed as a result of either of the two reported incidents . +

+

At the opening of the trial , the jury panel was questioned as a group by Mr. Weaver about Ku Klux Klan connections . +

+

One member of the panel -- not Mr. Parker -- indicated he had been a member of the KKK at one time . +He was not seated on the jury . +

+

The perjury charge against Mr. Parker carries a maximum penalty of $2,000 fine and five years imprisonment on conviction . +New York -- ( UPI ) +-- The New York University Board of Trustees has elected the youngest president in the 130-year history of NYU , it was announced yesterday . +

+

The new president is 37-year-old Dr. James McN. Hester , currently dean of the NYU Graduate School of Arts and Sciences . +He will take over his new post Jan. 1 . +

+

Dr. Hester , also one of the youngest men ever to head a major American university , succeeds Dr. Carroll V. Newsom who resigned last September to join Prentice-Hall Inc. publishing firm . +

+

Dr. Hester , of Princeton , N.J. , is a native of Chester , Pa. He joined NYU in September , 1960 . +Prior to that he was associated with Long Island University in Brooklyn . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a34.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a34.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..825d6320e8bb2af1cebfb1cc391093926a4ab540 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a34.xml @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +Sample A34 from The New York Times, May 21, 1961, sec. 4, p.1 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,035 words 142 (7.0%) quotes 1 symbolA34

Copyright 1961 by The New York Times Company. Reprinted by permission

 The New York Times, May 21, 1961, sec. 4, p.1 +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

For crucial encounter +One of the initial questions put to President Kennedy at his first news conference last January was about his attitude toward a meeting with Premier Khrushchev . +Mr. Kennedy replied : +

+

`` I'm hopeful that from more traditional exchanges we can perhaps find greater common ground '' . +

+

The President knew that a confrontation with Mr. Khrushchev sooner or later probably was inevitable and even desirable . +But he was convinced that the realities of power -- military , economic and ideological -- were the decisive factors in the struggle with the Communists and that these could not be talked away at a heads of government meeting . +He wanted to buy time to strengthen the U. S. and its allies and to define and begin to implement his foreign policy . +

+

Last Friday the White House announced : +

+

President Kennedy will meet with Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev in Vienna June 3 and 4 . +

+

The announcement came after a period of sharp deterioration in East-West relations . +The heightened tension , in fact , had been a major factor in the President's change of view about the urgency of a meeting with the Soviet leader . +He was not going to Vienna to negotiate -- the simultaneous announcements in Washington and Moscow last week stressed that no formal negotiations were planned . +But Mr. Kennedy had become convinced that a personal confrontation with Mr. Khrushchev might be the only way to prevent catastrophe . +

+

That objective set the high stakes and drama of the Vienna meeting . +Despite efforts by Washington last week to play down the significance of the meeting , it clearly was going to be one of the crucial encounters of the cold war . +

+

Road to Vienna +The U. S. and Soviet heads of Government have met three times since Sir Winston Churchill in 1953 introduced a new word into international diplomacy with his call for a fresh approach to the problem of peace `` at the summit of the nations '' . +

+

The first time was in 1955 when a full-dress Big Four summit meeting produced the `` spirit of Geneva '' . +The spirit served chiefly to lull the West while Moscow made inroads into the Middle East . +

+

In 1959 President Eisenhower and Premier Khrushchev held an informal session in the U. S. . +That meeting produced the `` spirit of Camp David '' -- a spirit , it later turned out , that masked a basic misunderstanding about progress toward a Berlin settlement . +

+

On the third occasion -- another Big Four summit session at Paris a year ago -- there was no problem of an illusory `` spirit '' . +Premier Khrushchev wrecked the conference at its initial session with a bitter denunciation of the U. S. for the U-2 incident . +The episode tended to confirm the U. S. belief that propaganda , the hope of one-sided concessions , and the chance to split the Allies , rather than genuine negotiation , were the Soviet leader's real aims in summitry . +

+

Pre-inaugural position +Thus when Premier Khrushchev intimated even before inauguration that he hoped for an early meeting with the new President , Mr. Kennedy was confronted with a delicate problem . +Shortly before his nomination he had set forth his basic view about the problem of negotiations with the Soviet leader in these words : +

+

`` As long as Mr. Khrushchev is convinced that the balance of world power is shifting his way , no amount of either smiles or toughness , neither Camp David talks nor kitchen debates , can compel him to enter fruitful negotiations '' . +

+

The President had set for himself the task , which he believed vital , of awakening the U. S. and its allies to the hard and complex effort necessary to shift that balance . +He did not want the effort weakened by any illusion that summit magic might make it unnecessary . +He wanted time , too , to review the United States' global commitments and to test both the policies he had inherited and new ones he was formulating . +Above all , he did not want to appear to be running hat in hand to Premier Khrushchev's doorstep . +

+

Attitude flexible +At the same time the President took pains not to rule out an eventual meeting with the Soviet leader . +Ideally , he knew , it should be preceded by concrete progress at lower levels . +But Mr. Kennedy saw value even in an informal meeting , provided that undue hopes were not raised in connection with it . +It would give him an opportunity to take the measure of his chief adversary in the cold war , to try to probe Mr. Khrushchev's intentions and to make clear his own views . +Moreover , an eventual meeting was desirable if for no other reason than to satisfy world opinion that the U. S. was not inflexible and was sparing no effort to ease international tensions . +

+

Both elements -- the caution about a meeting , the willingness eventually to hold one -- were reflected in a letter from the President which Ambassador Llewellyn E. Thompson brought back to Russia late in February . +The letter , dated Feb. 22 , was delivered to Premier Khrushchev in Novosibirsk , Siberia , on March 9 . +It dealt mainly with a broad range of East-West issues . +But it also briefly suggested the possibility of a meeting with Mr. Khrushchev before the end of the year if the international climate were favorable and schedules permitted . +

+

Developments over the next two months , however , caused the President to reconsider the question of the timing . +There were intense discussions in the inner councils of the White House about the advisability of an early meeting , not because the international climate was improving , but precisely because it was deteriorating alarmingly . +

+

Deadlock on tests +The President was especially concerned about the deadlock in the nuclear test ban negotiations at Geneva . +The deadlock has been caused by the Russians' new demand for a three-man ( East , West and neutral ) directorate , and thus a veto , over the control machinery . +In the U. S. , strong pressures have been building up for a resumption of tests on grounds that the Russians may be secretly testing . +

+

Mr. Kennedy was less troubled by that possibility than by the belief that a Geneva breakdown , or even continued stalemate , would mean an unchecked spread of nuclear weapons to other countries as well as a fatal blow to any hope for disarmament . +There was reason to believe that Premier Khrushchev was also concerned about a possible spread of nuclear weapons , particularly to Communist China . +The question arose as to whether a frank discussion of that danger with the Soviet leader had not become urgent . +Moreover , Moscow appeared determined to apply the tripartite veto principle to the executive organs of all international bodies , including the U. N. Secretariat and the International Control Commission for Laos . +Mr. Kennedy was convinced that insistence on the demand would make international agreements , or even negotiations , impossible . +

+

Developments in Cuba and Laos also suggested the advisability of an early summit meeting . +Initially the White House reaction was that the bitter exchanges with Moscow over Cuba and the conflict in Laos had dampened prospects for a meeting . +At the same time , there was increased reason for a quick meeting lest the Soviet leader , as a result of those episodes , come to a dangerously erroneous conclusion about the West's ability and determination to resist Communist pressure . +

+

In Cuba , the U. S. had blundered badly and created the impression of impotency against Communist penetration even on its own doorstep . +In Laos , the picture was almost equally bad . +U. S. willingness to accept a neutral Laos may have led Premier Khrushchev to believe that other areas could be `` neutralized '' on Soviet terms . +Beyond that , Allied disagreement about military intervention in Laos -- despite warnings that they might do so -- allowed Moscow to carry out with impunity a series of military and diplomatic moves that greatly strengthened the pro-Communist forces . +As a result , the West is in a poor bargaining position at the current Geneva negotiations on Laos , and South Vietnam and other nations in Southeast Asia are under increased pressure . +

+

In the light of those events , there appeared to be a real danger that Premier Khrushchev might overreach himself . +Ambassador Thompson reported from Moscow that the Soviet leader's mood was cocky and aggressive . +He has indicated that he plans new moves on Berlin before the year is out . +The President and his advisers felt that the time might have come to warn Premier Khrushchev against a grave miscalculation in areas such as Berlin , Iran or Latin America from which there would be no turning back . +

+

It was in the midst of such White House deliberations that Premier Khrushchev on May 4 made new inquiries through the U. S. Embassy in Moscow about a meeting with the President in the near future . +Mr. Kennedy told Moscow he would give his answer by May 20 after consultation with the Allies . +The response from London , Paris and Bonn was favorable . +Firm arrangements for the meeting in Vienna were worked out in a final exchange between Moscow and Washington last week . +Apparently at the insistence of the U. S. , the simultaneous announcements issued in Washington and Moscow last Friday emphasized the `` informal '' nature of the meeting . +The Washington announcement said : +

+

`` The President and Chairman Khrushchev understand that this meeting is not for the purpose of negotiating or reaching agreement on the major international problems that involve the interest of many other countries . +The meeting will , however , afford a timely and convenient opportunity for the first personal contact between them and a general exchange of views on the major issues which affect the relationships between the two countries '' . +

+

The outlook +The Vienna meeting will bring together a seasoned , 67-year-old veteran of the cold war who , in Mr. Kennedy's own words , is `` shrewd , tough , vigorous , well-informed and confident '' , and a 44-year-old President ( his birthday is May 29 ) with a demonstrated capacity for political battle but little experience in international diplomacy . +The announcement last week of the forthcoming encounter produced strong reactions in the U. S. of both approval and disapproval . +

+

The approval did not arise from an expectation of far-reaching agreements at Vienna . +The inclination was to accept the statement that there would be no formal negotiations . +But those who were in favor of the meeting felt that a frank exchange between the two men and an opportunity to size one another up would prove salutary . +Mr. Khrushchev is known to rely heavily on his instincts about his adversaries and to be a shrewd judge of men . +The feeling was that he would sense an inner core of toughness and determination in the President and that plain talk by Mr. Kennedy would give him pause . +

+

Apart from the personal equation , another reason advanced in favor of the meeting was that too often in the past the U.S. appeared to have been dragged reluctantly to the summit . +Premier Khrushchev has made propaganda capital out of that fact and in the end got his summit meeting anyway . +This time the initiative came , in part at least , from Washington . +

+

Other allies consulted +There was also the fact that by the time he meets Mr. Khrushchev , the President will have completed conversations with all the other principal Allied leaders . +Thus he will be in a position to disabuse the Soviet leader of any notions he may have about grave Allied disunity . +

+

Finally , there was a wide area of agreement on the value of the President's making a final effort in the summit spotlight for a nuclear test accord . +There is no single issue that has aroused stronger feelings throughout the world . +If tests are to be resumed , the argument went , it is vital that the U. S. make plain that the onus belongs to the Soviet Union . +

+

Disapproval of the meeting was based largely on the belief that the timing could hardly be worse . +After Cuba and Laos , it was argued , Mr. Khrushchev will interpret the President's consent to the meeting as further evidence of Western weakness -- perhaps even panic -- and is certain to try to exploit the advantage he now believes he holds . +Moreover , the President is meeting the Soviet leader at a time when the Administration has still not decided on the scope of America's firm foreign policy commitments . +The question was raised , for example , as to what attitude the President would take if Mr. Khrushchev proposes a broad neutral belt extending from Southeast Asia to the Middle East . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a38.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a38.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b338f84d55f689afc1fa4596186285d2303d07b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a38.xml @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +Sample A38 from Alfred Wright, "A Duel Golfers Will Never Forget" + Sports Illustrated (April 17, 1961), 18-21, 64. 0010-1670 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,005 words 35 (1.7%) quotes 1 symbolA38

Copyright 1961 Time, Inc. By special permission

 Alfred Wright, "A Duel Golfers Will Never Forget" + Sports Illustrated (April 17, 1961), 18-21, 64. 0010-1670 +

Arbitrary Hyphen: flag-stick [0890]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The Masters golf tournament proved last Monday what it can do to the strongest men and the staunchest nerves . +Gary Player , the small , trim South African , was the eventual winner , but in all his 25 years he never spent a more harrowing afternoon as he waited for the victory to drop in his lap . +Arnold Palmer , the defending champion , lost his title on the 72nd hole after a few minutes of misfortune that left even his fellow pros gaping in disbelief . +

+

`` Just when you think you have it licked , this golf course can get up and bite you '' , Player had said one afternoon midway through the tournament . +And that is just what happened on the last few holes . +The Augusta National Golf Club Course got up and bit both Player and Palmer . +

+

Player was the first to feel its teeth . +After playing a splendid first nine holes in 34 -- two strokes under par -- on this fifth and final day of the tournament ( Sunday's fourth round had been washed out by a violent rainstorm when it was only half completed ) , Player's game rapidly fell to pieces . +He bogeyed the 10th . +After a journey through woods and stream he double-bogeyed the 13th . +He bogeyed the 15th by missing a short putt and finally scrambled through the last three holes without further mishap for a 2-over-par 74 and a 72-hole total of 280 . +

+

As he signed his scorecard and walked off the course , Player was almost in tears . +He could read on the nearby scoreboard that Palmer , by then playing the 15th hole , was leading him by a stroke . +Palmer had started the round four strokes behind Player , and at one point in the afternoon had trailed by as many as six strokes . +Now all he had to do was finish in even par to collect the trophy and the biggest single paycheck in golf . +

+

When Palmer hit a good straight drive up the fairway on the 72nd hole , he seemed to have the championship won . +But the seven-iron shot he used to approach the green strayed into a bunker and lodged in a slight depression . +In trying to hit it out with a sand wedge Palmer bounced the ball over the green , past spectators and down the slope toward a TV tower . +

+

Afterwards , Palmer told Charlie Coe , his last-round partner , that he simply played the hole too fast . +He did seem hasty on his second and third shots , but then there was an agonizing wait of several minutes while Coe graciously putted out , giving Palmer a chance to recover his composure , which he had quite visibly lost . +

+

When the shaken Palmer finally did hit his fourth shot , he overshot the hole by 15 feet . +Palmer was now putting merely for a tie , and Player , who was sitting beside his wife and watching it all on television in Tournament Chairman Clifford Roberts' clubhouse apartment , stared in amazement when Palmer missed the putt . +

+

Palmer's 281 for the four rounds at Augusta was a comfortable four strokes ahead of the next closest pro , but it was barely good enough for a second-place tie with Coe . +The lean and leathery Oklahoma amateur , who has been playing topnotch tournament golf for many years , refused to let the Masters jitters overtake him and closed the tournament with his second straight 69 . +

+

End at seven +Until late last Saturday afternoon Palmer had played seven consecutive rounds of golf at the Masters -- four last year and three this -- without ever being out of first place . +As evening approached and Palmer finished his Saturday round with a disappointing one-over-par 73 , this remarkable record was still intact , thanks to his Thursday and Friday rounds of 68 and 69 . +His three-round total of 210 was three strokes better than the next best score , a 213 by Bill Collins , the tall and deliberate Baltimorean who had been playing very well all winter long . +

+

But Palmer knew , as did everybody else at Augusta , that his streak was about to be broken . +Half an hour after he finished his round , Player holed out at the 18th green with a 69 and a three-round total of 206 , four strokes ahead of Palmer . +

+

More than a streak had ended . +Long after the erratic climate and the washed-out final round on Sunday have become meteorological footnotes , the 1961 Masters will be remembered as the scene of the mano a mano between Arnold Palmer and Gary Player . +Unlike most such sports rivalries , it appeared to have developed almost spontaneously , although this was not exactly the case . +

+

When the winter tour began at Los Angeles last January there was no one in sight to challenge Palmer's towering prestige . +As if to confirm his stature , he quickly won three of the first eight tournaments . +Player won only one . +But as the tour reached Pensacola a month ago , Player was leading Palmer in official winnings by a few hundred dollars , and the rest of the field was somewhere off in nowhere . +On the final round at Pensacola , the luck of the draw paired Palmer and Player in the same threesome and , although it was far from obvious at the time , the gallery was treated to the first chapter of what promises to be one of the most exciting duels in sport for a long time to come . +

+

On that final Sunday at Pensacola neither Palmer nor Player was leading the tournament and , as it turned out , neither won it . +But whichever of these two finished ahead of the other would be the undisputed financial leader of the tour . +Player immediately proved he was not in the least awed by the dramatic proximity of Palmer . +He outplayed Palmer all around the course and finished with a tremendous 65 to Palmer's 71 . +Thereafter , until the Masters , Player gradually increased his lead over Palmer in winnings and added one more tournament victory at Miami . +When they reached Augusta last week , together they had won five of the 13 tournaments to date . +

+

Instant rivalry +On Thursday , the first day of the Masters , the contest between Palmer and Player developed instantly . +It was a dismal , drizzly day but a good one on which to score over the Augusta National course . +The usually skiddy greens were moist and soft , so the golfers were able to strike their approach shots boldly at the flag-stick and putt firmly toward the hole without too much worry about the consequences . +Palmer's 4-under-par 68 got him off to an early lead , which he shared with Bob Rosburg . +But Player was only one stroke back , with a 69 . +

+

Even so , it was still not clear to many in the enormous horde of spectators -- unquestionably the largest golf crowd ever -- that this tournament was to be , essentially , a match between Palmer and Player . +A lot of people were still thinking about Jack Nicklaus , the spectacular young amateur , who had a 70 ; ; +or Ken Venturi , who had a somewhat shaky 72 but was bound to do better ; ; +or Rosburg , whose accurate short game and supersensitive putter can overcome so many of Augusta's treacheries ; ; +or even old Byron Nelson , whose excellent 71 made one wonder if he had solved the geriatric aspects of golf . +( On Thursday nobody except Charlie Coe was thinking of Charlie Coe . +

+

On Friday , a day as cloudless and lovely as Thursday had been gray and ugly , the plot of the tournament came clearly into focus . +Rosburg had started early in the day , and by the time Palmer and Player were on the course -- separated , as they were destined to be for the rest of the weekend , by about half an hour -- they could see on the numerous scoreboards spotted around the course that Rosburg , who ended with a 73 , was not having a good day . +

+

As Player began his second round in a twosome with amateur Bill Hyndman , his share of the gallery was not conspicuously large for a contender . +Player began with a birdie on the first hole , added five straight pars and then another birdie at the 9th . +On the back nine he began to acquire the tidal wave of a gallery that stayed with him the rest of the tournament . +He birdied the 13th , the 15th and the 18th -- five birdies , one bogey and 12 pars for a 68 . +

+

Starting half an hour behind Player in company with British Open Champion Kel Nagle , Palmer birdied the 2nd , the 9th , the 13th and the 16th -- four birdies , one bogey and 13 pars for a 69 . +The roar of Palmer's gallery as he sank a thrilling putt would roll out across the parklike landscape of Augusta , only to be answered moments later by the roar of Player's gallery for a similar triumph . +At one point late in the day , when Palmer was lining up a 25-foot putt on the 16th , a thunderous cheer from the direction of the 18th green unmistakably announced that Player had birdied the final hole . +Without so much as a grimace or a gesture to show that he had noticed ( although he later admitted that he had ) Palmer proceeded to sink his 25-footer , and his gallery sent its explosive vocalization rolling back along the intervening fairways in reply . +

+

The boldness of champions +Anyone who now doubted that a personal duel was under way had only to watch how these exceptionally gifted golfers were playing this most difficult golf course . +It is almost axiomatic that golfers who dominate the game of golf for any period of time attack their shots with a vehemence bordering on violence . +The bad luck that can so often mar a well-played round of golf is simply overpowered and obliterated by the contemptuous boldness of these champions . +Bob Jones played that way . +Byron Nelson did , Hogan did . +And last week at the Masters Palmer and Player did . +

+

As the third round of the tournament began on Saturday and the duel was resumed in earnest , it was Player's superior aggressiveness that carried him into the lead . +This day Palmer had started first . +As Player stepped on the first tee he knew that Palmer had birdied the first two holes and already was 2 under par for the day . +Player immediately proceeded to follow suit . +In fact , he went on to birdie the 6th and 8th as well , to go 4 under par for the first eight holes . +

+

But Player's real test came on the ninth hole , a downhill dogleg to the left measuring 420 yards . +He hit a poor tee shot , pulling it off into the pine woods separating the 9th and first fairways . +Having hit one of the trees , the ball came to rest not more than 160 yards out . +Player then had the choice of punching the ball safely out of the woods to the 9th fairway and settling for a bogey 5 , or gambling . +The latter involved hitting a full four-wood out to the first fairway and toward the clubhouse , hoping to slice it back to the deeply bunkered 9th green . +

+

`` I was hitting the ball well '' , Player said later , `` and I felt strong . +When you're playing like that you'd better attack '' . +

+

Player attacked with his four-wood and hit a shot that few who saw it will ever forget . +It struck the 9th green on the fly and stopped just off the edge . +From there he chipped back and sank his putt for a par 4 . +

+

Palmer , meanwhile , had been having his troubles . +They started on the 4th hole , a 220-yard par-3 . +On this day the wind had switched 180-degrees from the northwest to the southeast , and nearly every shot on the course was different from the previous few days . +At the 4th tee Palmer chose to hit a one-iron when a three-wood was the proper club , so he put the ball in a bunker in front of the green . +His bogey 4 on this hole and subsequent bogeys at 5 and 7 along with a birdie at 8 brought him back to even par . +

+

Starting the second nine , Palmer was already four strokes behind Player and knew it . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a39.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a39.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b97ca7b69741aed2218aff5dc214d4b82a7d8ca4 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a39.xml @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +Sample A39 from "Sports" + Newsweek, 58: 7 (August 14, 1961), 42-45 0010-1790 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,004 words 355 (17.7%) quotes 1 symbolA39

Used by permission of Newsweek

 "Sports" + Newsweek, 58: 7 (August 14, 1961), 42-45 0010-1790 +

Arbitrary Hyphen: knock-down [0220]Note: no closing ) [1740]Arbitrary No Hyphens: halfback [0840]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

When Mickey Charles Mantle , the New York Yankees' man of muscle , drives a home run 450 feet into the bleachers , his feat touches upon the sublime . +When Roger Eugene Maris , Mantle's muscular teammate , powers four home runs in a double-header , his performance merits awe . +But when tiny , 145-pound Albert Gregory Pearson of the Los Angeles Angels , who once caught three straight fly balls in center field because , as a teammate explained , `` the other team thought no one was out there '' , hits seven home runs in four months ( three more than his total in 1958 , 1959 , and 1960 ) , his achievement borders on the ridiculous . +This is Baseball 1961 . +This is the year home runs ranged from the sublime to the ridiculous . +

+

It is the year when ( 1 ) amiable Jim Gentile of the Baltimore Orioles ambled to the plate in consecutive innings with the bases loaded and , in unprecedented style , delivered consecutive grand-slam home runs ; ; +( 2 ) Willie Mays of the San Francisco Giants borrowed a teammate's bat and became the ninth big leaguer to stroke four home runs in a game ; ; +( 3 ) the Milwaukee Braves tied a major-league record with fourteen home runs in three games and lost two of them ; ; +and ( 4 ) catcher Johnny Blanchard of the New York Yankees matched a record with home runs in four successive times at bat , two of them as a pinch-hitter . +

+

Pitchers grumble about lively balls and lively bats , the shrinking strike zone , and the fact that the knock-down pitch is now illegal . +Experts point to the thinning of pitching talent in the American League caused by expansion . +Whatever the reasons , not in 30 years has a single season produced such thunderous assaults upon the bureau of baseball records , home-run division . +

+

Of all the records in peril , one stands apart , dramatic in its making , dramatic in its endurance , and now , doubly dramatic in its jeopardy . +This , of course , is baseball's most remarkable mark : The 60 home runs hit in 1927 by the incorrigible epicure , the incredible athlete , George Herman ( Babe ) Ruth of the Yankees . +

+

Since 1927 , fewer than a dozen men have made serious runs at Babe Ruth's record and each , in turn , has been thwarted . +What ultimately frustrated every challenger was Ruth's amazing September surge . +In the final month of the 1927 season , he hit seventeen home runs , a closing spurt never matched . +

+

Double threat : +Always , in the abortive attacks upon Ruth's record , one man alone -- a Jimmy Foxx ( 58 in 1932 ) or a Hank Greenberg ( 58 in 1938 ) or a Hack Wilson ( 56 in 1930 ) -- made the bid . +But now , for the first time since Lou Gehrig ( with 47 home runs ) spurred Ruth on in 1927 , two men playing for the same team have zeroed in on 60 . +Their names are Mantle and Maris , their team is the Yankees , and their threat is real . +

+

After 108 games in 1927 , Ruth had 35 home runs . +After 108 games in 1961 , Mickey Mantle has 43 , Roger Maris 41 . +Extend Mantle's and Maris's present paces over the full 1961 schedule of 162 games , and , mathematically , each will hit more than 60 home runs . +This is the great edge the two Yankees have going for them . +To better Ruth's mark , neither needs a spectacular September flourish . +All Mantle needs is eight more home runs in August and ten in September , and he will establish a new record . +In Ruth's day -- and until this year -- the schedule was 154 games . +Baseball commissioner Ford Frick has ruled that Ruth's record will remain official unless it is broken in 154 games . +

+

`` Even on the basis of 154 games , this is the ideal situation '' , insists Hank Greenberg , now vice-president of the Chicago White Sox . +`` It has to be easier with two of them . +How can you walk Maris to get to Mantle '' ? ? +

+

Roommates : +Neither Mantle nor Maris , understandably , will predict 60 home runs for himself . +Although both concede they would like to hit 60 , they stick primarily to the baseball player's standard quote : `` The important thing is to win the pennant '' . +But one thing is for certain : There is no dissension between Mantle , the American League's Most Valuable Player in 1956 and 1957 , and Maris , the MVP in 1960 . +Each enjoys seeing the other hit home runs ( `` I hope Roger hits 80 '' , Mantle says ) , and each enjoys even more seeing himself hit home runs ( `` and I hope I hit 81 '' ) . +

+

The sluggers get along so well in fact , that with their families at home for the summer ( Mantle's in Dallas , Maris's in Kansas City ) , they are rooming together . +Mantle , Maris , and Bob Cerv , a utility outfielder , share an apartment in Jamaica , Long Island , not far from New York International Airport . +The three pay $251 a month for four rooms ( kitchen , dining room , living room , and bedroom ) , with air-conditioning and new modern furniture . +Mantle and Cerv use the twin beds in the bedroom ; ; +Maris sleeps on a green studio couch in the living room . +They divide up the household chores : Cerv does most of the cooking ( breakfast and sandwich snacks , with dinner out ) , Mantle supplies the transportation ( a white 1961 Oldsmobile convertible ) , and Maris drives the 25-minute course from the apartment house to Yankee Stadium . +Mantle , Maris , and Cerv probably share one major-league record already : Among them , they have fifteen children -- eight for Cerv , four for Mantle , and three for Maris . +

+

As roommates , teammates , and home-run mates , Mantle , 29 , who broke in with the Yankees ten years ago , and Maris , 26 , who came to the Yankees from Kansas City two years ago , have strikingly similar backgrounds . +Both were scholastic stars in football , basketball , and baseball ( Mantle in Commerce , Okla. , Maris in Fargo , N.D. ) ; ; +as halfbacks , both came close to playing football at the University of Oklahoma ( `` Sometimes in the minors '' , Maris recalls , `` I wished I had gone to Oklahoma '' ) . +

+

To an extent , the two even look alike . +Both have blue eyes and short blond hair . +Both are 6 feet tall and weigh between 195 and 200 pounds , but Mantle , incredibly muscular ( he has a 17-1/2-inch neck ) , looks bigger . +With their huge backs and overdeveloped shoulders , both must have their clothes made to order . +Maris purchases $100 suits from Simpson's in New York . +Mantle , more concerned with dress , buys his suits four at a time at Neiman-Marcus in Dallas and pays as much as $250 each . +

+

Light reading : +Neither Mantle nor Maris need fear being classified an intellectual , but lately Mantle has shown unusual devotion to an intellectual opus , Henry Miller's `` Tropic of Cancer '' . +Mantle so appreciated Miller's delicate literary style that he broadened teammates' minds by reading sensitive passages aloud during road trips . +

+

Mantle is not normally given to public speaking -- or , for that matter , to private speaking . +`` What do you and Mickey talk about at home '' ? ? +A reporter asked Maris recently . +

+

`` To tell you the truth '' , Maris said , `` Mickey don't talk much '' . +

+

This is no surprising trait for a ballplayer . +What is surprising and pleasant is that Mantle and Maris , under constant pressure from writers and photographers , are trying to be cooperative . +

+

Of the two , Mantle is by nature the less outgoing , Maris the more outspoken . +But last week , when a reporter was standing near Mantle's locker , Mickey walked up and volunteered an anecdote . +`` See that kid '' ? ? +He said , pointing to a dark-haired 11-year-old boy . +`` That's ( Yogi ) Berra's . +I'll never forget one time I struck out three times , dropped a fly ball , and we lost the game . +I came back , sitting by my locker , feeling real low , and the kid walks over to me , looks up , and says : ' You stunk ' '' . +

+

Maris , in talking to reporters , tries to answer all questions candidly and fully , but on rare occasions , he shuns newsmen . +`` When I've made a dumb play '' , he says , `` I don't want to talk to anyone . +I'm angry '' . +

+

By his own confession , Maris is an angry young man . +Benched at Tulsa in 1955 , he told manager Dutch Meyer : `` I can't play for you . +Send me where I can play '' . +( Meyer sent him to Reading , Pa. . +) Benched at Indianapolis in 1956 , he told manager Kerby Farrell : `` I'm not learning anything on the bench . +Play me '' . +( Farrell did -- and Maris led the team to victory in the Little World Series . +) `` That's the way I am '' , he says . +`` I tell people what I think . +If you're a good ballplayer , you've got to get mad . +Give me a team of nine angry men and I'll give you a team of nine gentlemen and we'll beat you nine out of ten times '' . +

+

Idols' idols : +One good indication of the two men's personalities is the way they reacted to meeting their own heroes . +Maris's was Ted Williams . +`` When I was a kid '' , Maris told a sportswriter last week , `` I used to follow Williams every day in the box score , just to see whether he got a hit or not '' . +

+

`` When you came up to the majors , did you seek out Williams for advice '' ? ? +

+

`` Are you kidding '' ? ? +Said Maris . +`` You're afraid to talk to a guy you idolize '' . +

+

Mantle's hero was Joe DiMaggio . +`` When Mickey went to the Yankees '' , says Mark Freeman , an ex-Yankee pitcher who sells mutual funds in Denver , `` DiMaggio still was playing and every day Mickey would go by his locker , just aching for some word of encouragement from this great man , this hero of his . +But DiMaggio never said a word . +It crushed Mickey . +He told me he vowed right then that if he ever got to be a star , this never would be said of him '' . +Mantle has kept the vow . +Among all the Yankees , he is the veteran most friendly to rookies . +

+

Neither Mantle nor Maris is totally devoted to baseball above all else . +If laying ties on a railroad track , which he once did for $1 an hour , paid more than playing right field for the Yankees , Maris would lay ties on a railroad track . +If working in a zinc mine , which he once did for 87-1/2 cents an hour , paid more than playing center field for the Yankees , Mantle would work in a zinc mine . +But since railroading and mining are not the highest paid arts , Mantle and Maris concentrate on baseball . +They try to play baseball the best they can . +

+

Each is a complete ballplayer . +Mantle , beyond any question , can do more things well . +( `` One of the reasons they get along fine '' , says a sportswriter who is friendly with the two men , `` is that both realize Mantle is head-and-shoulders above Maris '' . +) Hitting , Mantle has an immediate advantage because he bats both left-handed and right-handed , Maris only left-handed . +They both possess near classic stances , dug in firmly , arms high , set for fierce swings . +Mantle is considerably better hitting for average ( +

+

, fourth in the league , to +

+

for Maris so far this year ) . +

+

Both are good bunters : Maris once beat out eighteen of nineteen in the minor leagues ; ; +Mantle is a master at dragging a bunt toward first base . +Both have brilliant speed : Mantle was timed from home plate ( batting left-handed ) to first base in 3.1 seconds , faster than any other major leaguer ; ; +Maris ran the 100-yard dash in ten seconds in high school and once won a race against Luis Aparicio , the swift , base-stealing shortstop of the White Sox . +Both are good , daring fielders : Mantle covers more ground ; ; +Maris's throwing arm is stronger . +

+

Yet with all their skills , the appeal of Mantle and Maris in 1961 comes down to one basic : The home run . +With this ultimate weapon , the two Yankees may have saved baseball from its dullest season . +( American League expansion created , inevitably , weaker teams . +Only two teams in each league ( the Yankees and Detroit , the Dodgers and Cincinnati ) are battling for first place . +

+

Appropriately , the emphasis on the home run , at a peak this year , came into being at baseball's lowest moment . +In 1920 , as the startling news that the 1919 White Sox had conspired to lose the World Series leaked out , fans grew disillusioned and disinterested in baseball . +Something was needed to revive interest ; ; +the something was the home run . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a41.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a41.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6715e326be4d6cd0042339695e47fbd1e688b5e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a41.xml @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +Sample A41 from Robert Wallace, "This Is the Way It Came About" + Life, 51: 24 (December 15, 1961), 32-34 0010-1890 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,004 words 172 (8.6%) quotesA41

Used by permission of Time, Inc.

 Robert Wallace, "This Is the Way It Came About" + Life, 51: 24 (December 15, 1961), 32-34 0010-1890 +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

A philosopher may point out that the troubles of the Congo began with the old Adam and consequently will never end . +But a historian might put his finger on a specific man and date , and hold out the hope that the troubles will sometime pass away . +The man was King Leopold 2 , of the Belgians , who in 1885 concluded that he had better grab a colony while the grabbing was still good . +By force , he took under his protection , or stole , 900,000 square miles of wilderness in Central Africa . +This is an area nearly as large as Western Europe ; ; +and it was filled then as now by quarreling tribes with no political or historical unity . +Its boundaries had nothing to do with geography or ethnic groupings ; ; +they were determined by the points at which Leopold's explorers and gunmen got tired of walking . +

+

The population of the Congo is 13.5 million , divided into at least seven major `` culture clusters '' and innumerable tribes speaking 400 separate dialects . +The religions of the people include Christianity , Mohammedanism , paganism , ancestor worship and animism . +The climate ranges from the steamily equatorial to the temperate . +The hospitals contain patients trampled by elephants or run over by sports cars . +To make one nation out of these disparities would be a problem large enough in any case ; ; +it has been made far more difficult by what the Belgians have done , or failed to do , in the Congo since 1885 . +

+

At first the Belgian royal family administered the Congo as its own private property . +But by 1908 its record of brutality had touched the national conscience . +The Belgian government itself took over administration , commencing a program of paternalism unmatched in the history of colonialism . +One definition of paternalism is `` The principle or practice , on the part of a government , of managing the affairs of a country in the manner of a father dealing with his children '' . +The honor of the Belgians in this matter is not to be questioned -- only their judgment . +Ordinarily a father permits his children to grow up in due time -- but when the colony received independence in 1960 the Congolese child , if one imagines him to have been born in 1908 , was 52 and had until then been treated as an infant . +

+

The Belgians were interested primarily in the economic development of the Congo , which is rich in copper , tin , cobalt , manganese , zinc , and uranium , and cotton and palm oil . +The colony was administered from Brussels , with neither the Congolese nor the resident Belgians having any vote . +The beneficiaries of this administration were a number of huge cartels in which both individuals and the Belgian government itself held stock . +In Inside Africa , John Gunther describes one of these , the Societe Generale , as `` the kind of colossus that might be envisaged if , let us say , the House of Morgan , Anaconda Copper , the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York , the Pennsylvania Railroad , and various companies producing agricultural products were lumped together , with the United States government as a heavy partner '' . +

+

Had they been truly ruthless , the Belgians might have exploited the Congolese without compassion . +But they were not . +They provided a social security system which covered all their African employes ; ; +their program of mass medical care was doubtless the best on the continent ; ; +they put much effort into public housing . +They also instituted a ration system under which all employers in the Congo were required to furnish their employes with clothing and adequate food . +But instead of delivering the ration -- either in actual commodities or in cash -- at intervals of perhaps two weeks or a month , the Belgians felt obliged to dole it out more often . +Would not the children , if they received all their food on the first day of the month , eat it up immediately , and later go hungry ? ? +

+

The Belgians also placed great emphasis on education . +During the 1950s there were as many as 25,000 schools in the Congo . +But almost all the schools were primary . +The average Congolese can do little more than puzzle out the meaning of `` la chatte '' and `` le chien '' and write his name . +Some schools were technical -- the Belgians needed carpenters and mechanics to help exploit the land , and trained many . +But they did not believe in widespread secondary education , much less in college . +It was their conviction that the people should be `` brought up together '' , a grade at a time , until in some indefinite future some might be ready to tackle history , economics and political science . +Indeed , the Belgians discouraged higher education , fearing the creation of a native intellectual elite which might cause unrest . +When the Congo received its independence in 1960 there were , among its 13.5 million people , exactly 14 university graduates . +

+

Why did the Belgians grant independence to a colony so manifestly unprepared to accept it ? ? +In one large oversimplification , it might be said that the Belgians felt , far too late , the gale of nationalism sweeping Africa . +They lacked time to prepare the Congo , as the British and French had prepared their colonies . +The Congolese were clamoring for their independence , even though most were unsure what it meant ; ; +and in Brussels , street crowds shouted , `` Pas une goutte de sang ! ! +'' ( Not one drop of blood ! ! +

+

The Belgians would not fight for the privilege of being the detested pedagogue ; ; +rather than teach where teaching was not wanted , they would wash their hands of the mess . +It is hard to blame them for this . +Yet there were other motivations and actions which the Belgians took after independence for which history may not find them guiltless . +

+

As the time for independence approached there were in the Congo no fewer than 120 political parties , or approximately eight for each university graduate . +There were four principal ones . +First , there were those Congolese ( among them Joseph Kasavubu ) who favored splitting the country into small independent states , Balkanizing it . +Second , there were those ( Moise Tshombe ) who favored near-Balkanization , a loose federalism having a central government of limited authority , with much power residing in the states . +Third , there were those ( notably Patrice Lumumba ) who favored a unified Congo with a very strong central government . +And fourth , there were moderates who were in no hurry for independence and wished to wait until the Congo grew up . +However , the positions of all parties and leaders were constantly shifting . +

+

A final factor which contributed greatly to the fragmentation of the Congo , immediately after independence , was the provincial structure that had been established by the Belgians for convenience in administration . +They had divided the Congo into six provinces -- Leopoldville , Kasai , Kivu , Katanga , Equator and Eastern -- unfortunately with little regard for ethnic groupings . +Thus some provinces contained tribes which detested each other , and to them independence meant an opportunity for war . +

+

The Belgian Congo was granted its independence with what seemed a workable Western-style form of government : there were to be a president and a premier , and a bicameral legislature elected by universal suffrage in the provinces . +Well-wishers around the world hoped that the Congo would quickly assume a respectable position in the society of nations . +If internal frictions arose , they could be handled by the 25,000-man Congolese army , the Force Publique , which had been trained and was still officered by white Belgians . +The president , Joseph Kasavubu , seemed an able administrator and the premier , Patrice Lumumba , a reasonable man . +

+

Twenty-four hours after independence the wild tribesmen commenced fighting each other . +Presently the well-armed members of the Force Publique -- many of them drawn from savage and even cannibalistic tribes , erupted in mutiny , rioting , raping and looting . +Terror engulfed the thousands of Belgian civilians who had remained in the country . +The Belgian government decided to act , and on July 10 dispatched paratroops to the Congo . +On July 11 the head of the mineral-rich province of Katanga , Moise Tshombe , announced that his province had seceded from the country . +Confusion became chaos ; ; +each succeeding day brought new acts of violence . +Lumumba and Kasavubu blamed it all on the military intervention by the Belgians , and appealed to the United Nations to send troops to oust them . +

+

On July 14 the Security Council -- with France and Great Britain abstaining -- voted the resolution which drew the U.N. into the Congo . +Vague in wording , it called for withdrawal of Belgian troops and authorized the Secretary-General `` to take the necessary steps to provide the ( Congolese ) Government with such military assistance as may be necessary , until , through the efforts of the Congolese Government with the technical assistance of the United Nations , the national security forces may be able , in the opinion of the Government , to meet fully their tasks . +

+

Secretary-General Hammarskjold decided that it would be preferable if the U.N. troops sent into the Congo were to come from African , or at least nonwhite , nations -- certainly not from the U.S. , Russia , Great Britain or France . +He quickly called on Ghana , Tunisia , Morocco , Guinea and Mali , which dispatched troops within hours . +Ultimately the U.N. army in the Congo reached a top strength of 19,000 , including about 5,000 from India and a few soldiers from Eire and Sweden , who were the only whites . +

+

It took the U.N. three months to bring a modest form of order to the Congo . +The Belgians were reluctant to withdraw their troops and often obstructed U.N. efforts . +The wildly erratic nature of Patrice Lumumba caused constant problems -- he frequently announced that he wanted the U.N. to get out of the Congo along with the Belgians , and appealed to Russia for help . +( However , there is little evidence that the late Lumumba was a Communist . +Before appealing to the U.N. or to Russia , he first appealed to the U.S. for military help , and was rejected . +) Lumumba further complicated the U.N.'s mission by initiating small `` wars '' with the secessionist province of Katanga and with South Kasai which , under Albert Kalonji , wanted to secede as well . +Meanwhile Russia took every opportunity to meddle in the Congo , sending Lumumba equipment for his `` wars '' , dispatching `` technicians '' and even threatening , on occasion , to intervene openly . +

+

But by the end of the three-month period , in October 1960 , something approaching calm settled on the Congo . +President Kasavubu became exasperated with Lumumba and fired him . +Lumumba fired Kasavubu . +Control of the government -- such control as there was and such government as there was -- passed into the hands of Joseph Mobutu , chief of staff of the Congolese army . +Mobutu promptly flung out the Russians , who have not since played any significant part on the local scene , although they have redoubled their obstructionist efforts at U.N. headquarters in New York . +The Belgians -- at least officially -- departed from the Congo as well , withdrawing all of their uniformed troops . +But they left behind them large numbers of officers , variously called `` volunteers '' or `` mercenaries '' , who now staff the army of Moise Tshombe in Katanga , the seceded province which , according to Tshombe , holds 65% of the mineral wealth of the entire country . +

+

From October 1960 to February 1961 , the U.N. forces in the Congo took little action . +There was no directive for it -- the Security Council's resolution had not mentioned political matters , and in any case the United Nations by the terms of its charter may not interfere in the political affairs of any nation , whether to unify it , federalize it or Balkanize it . +

+

During the five-month lull , civil war smoldered and flickered throughout the Congo . +In February the murder of Patrice Lumumba , who had been kidnaped into Katanga and executed on order of Tshombe , again stirred the U.N. to action . +On Feb. 21 the council passed another resolution urging the taking of `` all appropriate measures to prevent the occurrence of civil war in the Congo , including the use of force , if necessary , in the last resort '' . +Although the resolution might have been far more specific , it was considerably tougher than the earlier one . +It also urged that the U.N. eject , and prevent the return of , all Belgian and other foreign military and political advisers ; ; +ordered an investigation of Lumumba's death ; ; +urged the reconvention of the Congolese Parliament and the reorganization of the army . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a43.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a43.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5f1ad41be0294ebd8f89a64034f7cf84e003cf43 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a43.xml @@ -0,0 +1,211 @@ +Sample A43 from U.S. News and World Report, May 22, 1961 + Pp. 109-112"Better Times ..." + Pp. 113-114"A Plan To Free..." +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,011 words 223 (11.1%) quotesA43

Copyright 1961 U.S. News & World Report, Inc., Washington

 U.S. News and World Report, May 22, 1961 +

Typographical Errors: attactive [1870]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Holders of toll-road bonds are finding improvements in monthly reports on operation of the turnpikes . +

+

Long-term trend of traffic on these roads seems clearly upward . +Higher toll rates also are helping boost revenues . +

+

Result is a better prospect for a full payoff by bonds that once were regarded as highly speculative . +

+

Things are looking up these days for many of the State turnpikes on which investors depend for income from their toll-road bonds . +

+

Traffic on nearly all the turnpikes has been growing . +That added traffic means rising streams of dimes and quarters at toll gates . +

+

As a result of the new outlook for turnpikes , investors who bought toll-road bonds when these securities ranked as outright speculations are now finding new hope for their investments . +

+

Another result is that buyers are tending to bid up the prices of these tax-exempt bonds . +

+

Other tax-exempt bonds of State and local governments hit a price peak on February 21 , according to Standard & Poor's average . +On balance , prices of those bonds have slipped a bit since then . +However , in the same three-month period , toll-road bonds , as a group , have bucked this trend . +On these bonds , price rises since February 21 easily outnumber price declines . +

+

Tax-free returns . +

+

Investors , however , still see an element of more-than-ordinary risk in the toll-road bonds . +You find the evidence of that in the chart on this page . +

+

Many of the toll-road bonds still are selling at prices that offer the prospect of an annual yield of 4 per cent , or very close to that . +And this is true in the case of some turnpikes on which revenues have risen close to , or beyond , the point at which the roads start to pay all operating costs plus annual interest on the bonds . +

+

That 4 per cent yield is well below the return to be had on good corporation bonds . +It's not much more , in fact , than the return that is offered on U. S. Treasury bonds . +

+

For investors whose income is taxed at high rates , though , a tax-free yield of 4 per cent is high . +It is the equivalent of 8 per cent for an unmarried investor with more than $16,000 of income to be taxed , or for a married couple with more than $32,000 of taxed income . +

+

Swelling traffic . +

+

A new report on the earnings records of toll roads in the most recent 12-month period -- ending in February or March -- shows what is happening . +The report is based on a survey by Blyth & Company , investment bankers . +

+

Nearly all the turnpikes show gains in net revenues during the period . +

+

And there is the bright note : The gains were achieved in the face of temporary traffic lags late in 1960 and early in 1961 as a result of business recession . +Many of the roads also were hit by an unusually severe winter . +

+

Indication : The long-term trend of turnpike traffic is upward . +

+

Look , for example , at the Ohio Turnpike . +Traffic on that road slumped sharply in January and February , as compared with those same months in 1960 . +Then March brought an 18 per cent rise in net revenues -- after operating costs . +

+

As a result , the road's net revenues in the 12 months ending March 31 were 186 per cent of the annual interest payments on the turnpike bonds . +That was up from 173 per cent in the preceding 12 months . +

+

That same pattern of earnings shows up on the Massachusetts Turnpike . +Operating revenues were off in the first three months of 1961 , but up for the 12 months ending in March . +Costs were held down , despite a bitter winter . +

+

For the year , the road earned 133 per cent of its interest costs , against 121 per cent in the preceding period . +The road's engineers look for further improvement when the turnpike is extended into Boston . +

+

Slow successes . +

+

Some turnpikes have not been in full operation long enough to prove what they can do . +The 187-mile Illinois State Toll Highway , for example , was not opened over its entire length until December , 1958 . +In the 12 months ended in February , 1960 , the highway earned enough to cover 64 per cent of its interest load -- with the remainder paid out of initial reserves . +In the 12 months ended in February , 1961 , this highway earned 93 per cent of its interest . +

+

That improvement is continuing . +In the first two months of 1961 , earnings of the Illinois highway available for interest payments were up 55 per cent from early 1960 . +

+

Success , for many turnpikes , has come hard . +Traffic frequently has failed to measure up to engineers' rosy estimates . +In these cases , the turnpike managements have had to turn to toll-rate increases , or to costly improvements such as extensions or better connections with other highways . +

+

Many rate increases already have been put into effect . +Higher tolls are planned for July 1 , 1961 , on the Richmond-Petersburg , Va. , Turnpike , and proposals for increased tolls on the Texas Turnpike are under study . +

+

Easier access . +

+

Progress is being made , too , in improving motorists' access to many turnpikes . +The Kansas Turnpike offers an illustration . +Net earnings of that road rose from 62 per cent of interest requirements in calendar 1957 to 86 per cent in the 12 months ended Feb. 28 , 1961 . +

+

Further improvements in earnings of the Kansas Turnpike are expected late in 1961 , with the opening of a new bypass at Wichita , and still later when the turnpike gets downtown connections in both Kansas City , Kans. , and Kansas City , Mo. . +Meanwhile , there appears to be enough money in the road's reserve fund to cover the interest deficiency for eight more years . +

+

For some roads , troubles . +

+

Investors studying the toll-road bonds for opportunities find that not all roads are nearing their goals . +

+

Traffic and revenues on the Chicago Skyway have been a great disappointment to planners and investors alike . +If nothing is done , the prospect is that that road will be in default of interest in 1962 . +West Virginia toll bonds have defaulted in interest for months , and , despite recent improvement in revenues , holders of the bonds are faced with more of the same . +

+

These , however , are exceptions . +The typical picture at this time is one of steady improvement . +

+

It's going to take time for investors to learn how many of the toll-road bonds will pay out in full . +Already , however , several of the turnpikes are earning enough to cover interest requirements by comfortable margins . +Many others are attracting the traffic needed to push revenues up to the break-even point . +

+

A top American official , after a look at Europe's factories , thinks the U.S. is in a `` very serious situation '' competitively . +

+

Commerce Secretary Luther Hodges , accompanied by a member of our staff , on May 10 toured plants of two of Italy's biggest companies -- Fiat , the auto producer , and Olivetti , maker of typewriters and calculating machines . +

+

Our staff man cabled from Turin as follows -- +

+

`` Follow Secretary Hodges through the Fiat plant , and you learn this : +

+

`` One , modern equipment -- much of it supplied under the Marshall Plan -- enables Fiat to turn out 2,100 cars a day . +About half of these are exported . +

+

`` Two , wage costs are a fraction of the U.S. costs . +A skilled worker on the assembly line , for example , earns $37 a week . +

+

`` Three , labor troubles are infrequent . +Fiat officials say they have had no strikes for more than six years . +

+

`` Said Secretary Hodges : ' It's a tough combination for the U.S. to face . +

+

`` Olivetti had a special interest for Hodges . +Olivetti took over Underwood , the U.S. typewriter maker , in late 1959 . +Within a year , without reducing wages , Underwood's production costs were cut one third , prices were slashed . +The result has been that exports of Underwood products have doubled . +

+

`` The Olivetti plant near Turin has modern layout , modern machinery . +The firm is design-conscious , sales-conscious , advertising-conscious . +

+

`` Hodges is trying to get more foreign business to go to the U.S. . +The inflow of foreign capital would help the U.S. balance of payments . +

+

`` Hodges predicted : ' I think we will see more foreign firms coming to the U.S. . +There are many places where we can use their vigor and new ideas ' '' . +

+

Foreign competition has become so severe in certain textiles that Washington is exploring new ways of handling competitive imports . +

+

The recently unveiled Kennedy moves to control the international textile market can be significant for American businessmen in many lines . +

+

Important aspects of the Kennedy textile plans are these : +

+

An international conference of the big textile-importing and textile-exporting countries will be called shortly by President Kennedy . +

+

Chief aims of the proposed conference are worth noting . +

+

The U.S. will try to get agreement among the industrialized countries to take more textile imports from the less-developed countries over the years . +

+

Point is that developing countries often build up a textile industry first , need encouragement to get on their feet . +If they have trouble exporting , international bill for their support will grow larger than it otherwise would . +

+

Idea is to let these countries earn their way as much as possible . +

+

At the same time , another purpose of the conference will be to get certain low-wage countries to control textile exports -- especially dumping of specific products -- to high-wage textile-producing countries . +

+

Japan , since 1957 , has been `` voluntarily '' curbing exports of textiles to the U.S. . +Hong Kong , India and Pakistan have been limiting exports of certain types of textiles to Britain for several years under the `` Lancashire Pact '' . +

+

None of these countries is happy with these arrangements . +

+

The Japanese want to increase exports to the U.S. While they have been curbing shipments , they have watched Hong Kong step in and capture an expanding share of the big U.S. market . +

+

Hong Kong interests loudly protest limiting their exports to Britain , while Spanish and Portuguese textiles pour into British market unrestrictedly . +

+

The Indians and Pakistanis are chafing under similar restrictions on the British market for similar reasons . +

+

The Kennedy hope is that , at the conference or through bilateral talks , the low-wage textile-producing countries in Asia and Europe will see that `` dumping '' practices cause friction all around and may result in import quotas . +

+

Gradual , controlled expansion of the world's textile trade is what President Kennedy wants . +This may point the way toward international stabilization agreements in other products . +It's an important clue to Washington thinking . +

+

Note , too , that the Kennedy textile plan looks toward modernization or shrinkage of the U.S. textile industry . +

+

`` Get competitive or get out '' . +In veiled terms , that's what the Kennedy Administration is saying to the American textile industry . +The Government will help in transferring companies and workers into new lines , where modernization doesn't seem feasible . +Special depreciation on new textile machinery may be allowed . +Government research will look into new products and methods . +

+

Import quotas aren't ruled out where the national interest is involved . +

+

But the Kennedy Administration doesn't favor import quotas . +Rather , they are impressed with the British Government's success in forcing -- and helping -- the British textile industry to shrink and to change over to other products . +

+

What's happening in textiles can be handwriting on the wall for other lines having difficulty competing with imports from low-wage countries . +

+

Among the highest-paid workers in the world are U.S. coal miners . +Yet U.S. coal is cheap enough to make foreign steelmakers' mouths water . +

+

Steel Company of Wales , a British steelmaker , wants to bring in Virginia coal , cut down on its takings of Welsh coal in order to be able to compete more effectively -- especially in foreign markets . +

+

Virginia coal , delivered by ship in Wales , will be about $2.80 a ton cheaper than Welsh coal delivered by rail from nearby mines . +

+

U.S. coal is cheap , despite high wages , because of widespread mechanization of mines , wide coal seams , attactive rates on ocean freight . +Many of the coal seams in the nationalized British mines are twisting , narrow and very deep . +

+

Productivity of U.S. miners is twice that of the British . +

+

Welsh coal miners , Communist-led , are up in arms at the suggestion that the steel company bring in American coal . +They threaten to strike . +

+

The British Government will have to decide whether to let U.S. coal in . +The British coal industry is unprofitable , has large coal stocks it can't sell . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/a44.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/a44.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..66125d8f42160ef84a8bb01f5c8ea5b95a0add26 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/a44.xml @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +Sample A44 from Saturday Review, 44: 15 (April 15, 1961) + Pp. 24, 25, 75 "Books Go Co-operative" by John Tebbel + P.26 "Reading and the Free..." by Gilbert W. Chapman +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,011 words 40 (2.0%) quotesA44

Used by permission of Saturday Review and John Tebbel (A)

 Saturday Review, 44: 15 (April 15, 1961) +

Arbitrary No Hyphen: interlibrary [1330]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Every library borrower , or at least those whose taste goes beyond the five-cent fiction rentals , knows what it is to hear the librarian say apologetically , `` I'm sorry , but we don't have that book . +There wouldn't be much demand for it , I'm afraid '' . +

+

Behind this reply , and its many variations , is the ever-present budget problem all libraries must face , from the largest to the smallest . +What to buy out of the year's grist of nearly 15,000 book titles ? ? +What to buy for adult and child readers , for lovers of fiction and nonfiction , for a clientele whose wants are incredibly diversified , when your budget is pitifully small ? ? +Most library budgets are hopelessly inadequate . +A startlingly high percentage do not exceed $500 annually , which includes the librarian's salary , and not even the New York Public has enough money to meet its needs -- this in the world's richest city . +The plight of a small community library is proportionately worse . +

+

Confronted with this situation , most libraries either endure the severe limitations of their budgets and do what they can with what they have , or else depend on the bounty of patrons and local governments to supplement their annual funds . +In some parts of the country , however , a co-operative movement has begun to grow , under the wing of state governments , whereby , with the financial help of the state , libraries share their book resources on a county-wide or regional basis . +

+

New York State has what is probably the most advanced of these co-operative systems , so well developed that it has become a model for others to follow . +Because it is so large a state , with marked contrasts in population density , the organization of the New York co-operative offers a cross-section of how the plan works . +At one extreme are the systems of upper New York State , where libraries in two or more counties combine to serve a large , sparsely populated area . +At the other are organizations like the newly formed Nassau Library System , in a high-density area , with ample resources and a rapidly growing territory to serve . +

+

Both these types , and those in between , are in existence by reason of a legislative interest in libraries that began at Albany as early as 1950 , with the creation by the legislature of county library systems financed by county governments with matching funds from the state . +It was a step in the right direction , but it took an additional act passed in 1958 to establish fully the thriving systems of today . +

+

Under this law annual grants are given to systems in substantial amounts . +An earlier difficulty was overcome by making it clear that individual libraries in any area might join or not , as they saw fit . +Some library boards are wary of the plan . +A large , well-stocked library , surrounded in a county by smaller ones , may feel that the demands on its resources are likely to be too great . +A small library may cherish its independence and established ways , and resist joining in a cooperative movement that sometimes seems radical to older members of the board . +

+

Within a system , however , the autonomy of each member library is preserved . +The local community maintains responsibility for the financial support of its own library program , facilities , and services , but wider resources and additional services become available through membership in a system . +All services are given without cost to members . +So obvious are these advantages that nearly 95 per cent of the population of New York State now has access to a system , and enthusiastic librarians foresee the day , not too distant , when all the libraries in the state will belong to a co-op . +

+

To set up a co-operative library system , the law requires a central book collection of 100,000 nonfiction volumes as the nucleus , and the system is organized around it . +The collection may be in an existing library , or it may be built up in a central collection . +Each system develops differently , according to the area it serves , but the universal goal is to pool the resources of a given area for maximum efficiency . +The basic state grant is thirty cents for each person served , and there is a further book incentive grant that provides an extra twenty cents up to fifty cents per capita , if a library spends a certain number of dollars . +

+

In Nassau County , for example , the heavily settled Long Island suburb of New York City , the system is credited by the state with serving one million persons , a figure that has doubled since 1950 . +This system , by virtue of its variety and size , offers an inclusive view of the plan in operation . +

+

The Nassau system recognizes that its major task it to broaden reference service , what with the constant expansion of education and knowledge , and the pressure of population growth in a metropolitan area . +The need is for reference works of a more specialized nature than individual libraries , adequate to satisfy everyday needs , could afford . +Nassau is currently building a central collection of reference materials in its Hempstead headquarters , which will reach its goal of 100,000 volumes by 1965 . +

+

The major part of this collection is in the central headquarters building , and the remainder is divided among five libraries in the system designated as subject centers . +Basic reference tools are the backbone of the collection , but there is also specialization in science and technology , an indicated weakness in local libraries . +On microfilm , headquarters also has a file of the New York Times from its founding in 1851 to the present day , as well as bound volumes of important periodicals . +The entire headquarters collection is available to the patrons of all members on interlibrary loans . +

+

Headquarters gets about 100 requests every day . +It is connected by teletype with the State Library in Albany , which will supply any book to a system that the system itself cannot provide . +The books are carried around by truck in canvas bags from headquarters to the other libraries . +

+

Each subject center library was chosen because of its demonstrated strength in a particular area , which headquarters could then build upon . +East Meadow has philosophy , psychology , and religion ; ; +Freeport houses social science , pure science , and language ; ; +history , biography , and education are centered in Hempstead ; ; +Levittown has applied science , business , and literature ; ; +while Hewlett-Woodmere is the repository of art , music , and foreign languages . +The reference coordinator at headquarters also serves as a consultant , and is available to work with the local librarian in helping to strengthen local reference service . +

+

This kind of cooperation is not wholly new , of course . +Public libraries in Nassau County have been lending books to each other by mail for a quarter-century , but the system enables this process to operate on an organized and far more comprehensive basis . +Local libraries find , too , that the new plan saves tax dollars because books can be bought through the system , and since the system buys in bulk it is able to obtain larger discounts than would be available to an individual library . +The system passes on these savings to its members . +Further money is saved through economy in bookkeeping and clerical detail as the result of central billing . +

+

Books are not the only resource of the system . +Schools and community groups turn to the headquarters film library for documentary , art , and experimental films to show at libraries that sponsor local programs , and to organizations in member communities . +The most recent film catalogue , available at each library , lists 110 titles presently in the collection , any of which may be borrowed without charge . +This catalogue lists separately films suitable for children , young adults , or adults , although some classics cut across age groups , such as `` Nanook Of The North '' , `` The Emperor's Nightingale '' , and `` The Red Balloon '' . +Workshops are conducted by the system's audio-visual consultant for the staffs of member libraries , teaching them the effective use of film as a library service . +

+

The system well understands that one of its primary responsibilities is to bring children and books together ; ; +consequently an experienced children's librarian at headquarters conducts a guidance program designed to promote well-planned library activities , cooperating with the children's librarians in member libraries by means of individual conferences , workshops , and frequent visits . +Headquarters has also set up a central juvenile book-review and book-selection center , to provide better methods of purchasing and selection . +Sample copies of new books are on display at headquarters , where librarians may evaluate them by themselves or in workshop groups . +Story hours , pre-school programs , activities with community agencies , and lists of recommended reading are all in the province of the children's consultant . +

+

Headquarters of the Nassau system is an increasingly busy place these days , threatening to expand beyond its boundaries . +In addition to the interlibrary loan service and the children's program , headquarters has a public relations director who seeks to get wider grassroots support for quality library service in the county ; ; +it prepares cooperative displays ( posters , booklists , brochures , and other promotional material ) for use in member libraries ; ; +it maintains a central exhibit collection to share displays already created and used ; ; +and it publishes Sum And Substance , a monthly newsletter , which reports the system's activities to the staffs and trustees of member libraries . +The system itself is governed by a board of trustees , geographically representing its membership . +

+

In Nassau , as in other systems , the long-range objective is to bring the maximum service of libraries to bear on the schools , and on adult education in general . +Librarians , a patient breed of men and women who have borne much with dedication , can begin to see results today . +Library use is multiplying daily , and the bulk of the newcomers are those maligned Americans , the teen-agers . +To them especially the librarians , with the help of co-ops , hope they will never have to say , `` I'm sorry , we don't have that book '' . +

+

Today , more than ever before , the survival of our free society depends upon the citizen who is both informed and concerned . +The great advances made in recent years in Communist strength and in our own capacity to destroy require an educated citizenry in the Western world . +The need for lifetime reading is apparent . +Education must not be limited to our youth but must be a continuing process through our entire lives , for it is only through knowledge that we , as a nation , can cope with the dangers that threaten our society . +

+

The desire and ability to read are important aspects of our cultural life . +We cannot consider ourselves educated if we do not read ; ; +if we are not discriminating in our reading ; ; +if we do not know how to use what we do read . +We must not permit our society to become a slave to the scientific age , as might well happen without the cultural and spiritual restraint that comes from the development of the human mind through wisdom absorbed from the written word . +

+

A fundamental source of knowledge in the world today is the book found in our libraries . +Although progress has been made in America's system of libraries it still falls short of what is required if we are to maintain the standards that are needed for an informed America . +The problem grows in intensity each year as man's knowledge , and his capacity to translate such knowledge to the written word , continue to expand . +The inadequacy of our library system will become critical unless we act vigorously to correct this condition . +There are , for example , approximately 25,000,000 people in this country with no public library service and about 50,000,000 with inadequate service . +In college libraries , 57 per cent of the total number of books are owned by 124 of 1,509 institutions surveyed last year by the U.S. Office of Education . +And over 66 per cent of the elementary schools with 150 or more pupils do not have any library at all . +

+

In every aspect of service -- to the public , to children in schools , to colleges and universities -- the library of today is failing to render vitally needed services . +Only public understanding and support can provide that service . +

+

This is one of the main reasons for National Library Week , April 16-22 , and for its theme : `` For a richer , fuller life , read '' ! ! +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/b02.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/b02.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0c803908f7fb116c5957908cfc4ba370741587f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/b02.xml @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +Sample B02 from The Christian Science Monitor September 5, 1961, p.16 Editorials + March 24, 1961, p.24Editorials +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,030 words 77 (3.8%) quotes 12 symbolsB02

Used by permission of The Christian Science Monitor

 The Christian Science Monitor

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Must Berlin remain divided ? ? +

+

The inference has been too widely accepted that because the Communists have succeeded in building barricades across Berlin the free world must acquiesce in dismemberment of that living city . +

+

So far as the record is concerned , the Western powers have not acquiesced and should not do so . +

+

Though Walter Ulbricht , by grace of Soviet tanks , may be head man in East Germany , that does not give him any right to usurp the government of East Berlin or to absorb that semi-city into the Soviet zone . +

+

The wartime protocol of September 12 , 1944 , designated a special `` Greater Berlin '' area , comprising the entire city , to be under joint occupation . +It was not a part of any one of the three ( later four ) zones for occupation by Soviet , American , British , and French troops respectively . +After the Berlin blockade and airlift , the Council of Foreign Ministers in 1949 declared a purpose `` to mitigate the effects of the present administrative division of Germany and of Berlin '' . +

+

For some time the Communists honored the distinction between the Soviet zone of Germany and the Soviet sector of Berlin by promulgating separately the laws for the two areas . +Then they moved offices of the East German puppet government into East Berlin and began illegally to treat it as the capital of East Germany . +

+

That this and the closing of the East Berlin-West Berlin border have not been accepted by the Western governments appears in notes which Britain , France , and the United States sent to Moscow after the latter's gratuitous protest over a visit of Chancellor Adenauer and other West German officials to West Berlin . +The Chancellor had as much business there as Ulbricht had in East Berlin -- and was certainly less provocative than the juvenile sound-truck taunts of Gerhard Eisler . +

+

The British and other replies to that Moscow note pointed out efforts of the Communist authorities `` to integrate East Berlin into East Germany by isolating it from the outside and attempting to make it the capital of East Germany '' . +They insisted on the `` fundamental fact '' that `` the whole of Berlin has a quadripartite status '' . +

+

This is far from acknowledging or recognizing those efforts as an accomplished fact . +There remains , of course , the question of what the West can do beyond diplomatic protest to prevent the illegal efforts from becoming accomplished facts . +

+

One ground of action certainly exists when fusillades of stray shots go over into West Berlin as Communist `` vopos '' try to gun down fleeing unarmed residents . +Another remained when an American Army car was recovered but with a broken glass . +The glass may seem trivial but Communist official hooliganism feeds on such incidents unless they are redressed . +

+

Remembering the step-by-step fate of Danzig and the West German misgivings about `` salami '' tactics , it is to be hoped that the dispatch of General Clay to West Berlin as President Kennedy's representative will mark a stiffening of response not only to future indignities and aggressions but also to some that have passed . +

+

Prairie National Park +Thousands of buffalo ( `` bison '' they will never be to the man on the street ) grazing like a mobile brown throw-rug upon the rolling , dusty-green grassland . +A horizon even and seamless , binding the vast sun-bleached dome of sky to earth . +

+

That picture of the American prairie is as indelibly fixed in the memory of those who have studied the conquest of the American continent as any later cinema image of the West made in live-oak canyons near Hollywood . +For it was the millions of buffalo and prairie chicken and the endless seas of grass that symbolized for a whole generation of Americans the abundant supply that was to take many of them westward when the Ohio and Mississippi valleys began to fill . +

+

The National Park Service now proposes to preserve an area in Pottawatomie County , northeast Kansas , as a `` Prairie National Park '' . +There the buffalo would roam , to be seen as a tapestry , not as moth-eaten zoo specimens . +Wooded stream valleys in the folds of earth would be saved . +Grasslands would extend , unfenced , unplowed , unbroken by silo or barn -- as the first settlers saw them . +

+

The Park Service makes an impressive ecological and statistical case for creating this new park . +American history should clinch the case when Congress is asked to approve . +

+

Whisky on the air +A Philadelphia distiller is currently breaching the customary prohibition against hard-liquor advertising on TV and radio . +Starting with small stations not members of the National Association of Broadcasters , the firm apparently is seeking to break down the anti-liquor barriers in major-market stations . +

+

Probably the best answer to this kind of entering wedge is congressional action requiring the Federal Communications Commission to ban such advertising through its licensing power . +

+

The National Association of Broadcasters code specifically bars hard-liquor commercials . +Past polls of public opinion show popular favor for this policy . +Even the Distilled Spirits Institute has long had a specific prohibition . +

+

Why , then , with these voluntary barricades and some state laws barring liquor ads , is it necessary to seek congressional action ? ? +Simply because the subverting action of firms that are not members of the Distilled Spirits Institute and of radio and TV stations that are not members of the NAB tends to spread . +

+

Soon some members of the two industry groups doubtless will want to amend their codes on grounds that otherwise they will suffer unfairly from the efforts of non-code competitors . +

+

Although the false glamour surrounding bourbon or other whisky commercials is possibly no more fatuous than the pseudo-sophistication with which TV soft-drinks are downed or toothpaste applied , there is a sad difference between enticing a viewer into sipping Oopsie-Cola and gulling him into downing bourbon . +

+

A law is needed . +

+

New York : Democrats' choice +Registered Democrats in New York City this year have the opportunity to elect their party's candidates for Mayor and other municipal posts and the men who will run their party organization . +

+

In the central contest , that for Mayor , they may have found some pertinent points in what each faction has said about the other . +

+

Mayor Robert F. Wagner must , as his opponents demand , assume responsibility for his performance in office . +While all citizens share in blame for lax municipal ethics the Wagner regime has seen serious problems in the schools , law enforcement and fiscal policies . +The Mayor is finding it awkward to campaign against his own record . +

+

State Controller Arthur Levitt , on the other hand , cannot effectively deny that he has chosen to be the candidate of those party leaders who as a rule have shown livelier interest in political power than in the city's welfare . +They , too , have links with the city's ills . +

+

Both men are known to be honest and public-spirited . +Mayor Wagner's shortcomings have perhaps been more mercilessly exposed than those of Mr. Levitt who left an impression of quiet competence in his more protected state post . +

+

As Mayor , Mr. Levitt might turn out to be more independent than some of his leading supporters would like . +His election , on the other hand , would unquestionably strengthen the `` regulars '' . +

+

Mr. Wagner might or might not be a `` new '' Mayor in this third term , now that he is free of the pressure of those party leaders whom he calls `` bosses '' . +These are , of course , the same people whose support he has only now rejected to seek the independent vote . +

+

But his reelection would strengthen the liberal Democrats and the labor unions who back him . +

+

If this choice is less exciting than New York Democrats may wish , it nevertheless must be made . +The vote still gives citizens a voice in the operation of their government and their party . +

+

Little war , big test +Both Mr. K's have so far continued to speak softly and carry big sticks over Laos . +

+

President Kennedy , already two quiet demands down , still refused Thursday to be drawn into delivering a public ultimatum to Moscow . +But at the same time he moved his helicopter-borne marines to within an hour of the fighting . +And Secretary Rusk , en route to Bangkok , doubtless is trying to make emergency arrangements for the possible entry of Australian or Thai SEATO forces . +

+

For Mr. Kennedy , speaking softly and carrying a sizable stick is making the best of a bad situation . +The new President is in no position to start out his dealings with Moscow by issuing callable bluffs . +He must show at the outset that he means exactly what he says . +

+

In this case he has put the alternatives clearly to Mr. Khrushchev for the third time . +At his press conference Mr. Kennedy said , `` All we want in Laos is peace not war a truly neutral government not a cold war pawn '' . +At the scene he has just as clearly shown his military strength in unprovocative but ready position . +

+

Since Laos is of no more purely military value to Moscow itself than it is to Washington , this approach might be expected to head off Mr. Khrushchev for the moment . +But because of the peculiar nature of the military situation in Laos , the Soviet leader must be tempted to let things ride -- a course that would appear to cost him little on the spot , but would bog Washington in a tactical mess . +

+

As wars go , Laos is an extremely little one . +Casualties have been running about a dozen men a day . +The hard core of the pro-Communist rebel force numbers only some 2,000 tough Viet Minh guerrilla fighters . +But for the United States and its SEATO allies to attempt to shore up a less tough , less combat-tested government army in monsoon-shrouded , road-shy , guerrilla-th'-wisp terrain is a risk not savored by Pentagon planners . +

+

But if anything can bring home to Mr. Khrushchev the idea that he will not really get much enjoyment from watching this Braddock-against-the-Indians contest , it will probably be the fact that SEATO forces are ready to attempt it -- plus the fact that Moscow has something to lose from closing off disarmament and other bigger negotiations with Washington . +

+

Fortunately both the Republicans and America's chief Western allies now are joined behind the neutral Laos aim of the President . +Actually it would be more accurate to say that the leader of the alliance now has swung fully behind the British policy of seeking to achieve a neutral Laos via the international bargaining table . +

+

It is ironic that Washington is having to struggle so for a concept that for six years it bypassed as unreasonable . +The State Department tacitly rejected the neutral Laos idea after the Geneva conference of 1954 , and last year Washington backed the rightist coup that ousted neutral Premier Souvanna Phouma . +

+

But since last fall the United States has been moving toward a pro-neutralist position and now is ready to back the British plan for a cease-fire patrolled by outside observers and followed by a conference of interested powers . +

+

The road to a guaranteed-neutral , coup-proof Laos is today almost as difficult as warfare on that nation's terrain . +But for the safety of Southeast Asia , and for the sake of the Laotian people -- who would not be well-ruled by either militant minority now engaged in the fighting -- this last big effort to seal that country from the cold war had to be made . +The world awaits Mr. Khrushchev's choice of alternatives . +

+

A vote for educational TV +The Senate's overwhelming ( 64-13 ) vote to support locally controlled educational TV efforts should be emulated in the lower house . +

+

Twice previously the Senate has approved measures backing ETV and the House has let them die . +But this year prospects may be better . +The House communications subcommittee is expected to report out a good bill calling for the states to match federal funds . +

+

This year's Senate measure would provide each state and the District of Columbia with $1,000,000 to be used in support of private , state , or municipal ETV efforts . +The funds would be used for equipment , not for land , buildings , or operation . +

+

The relatively few communities that have educational stations have found them of considerable value . +But , lacking money from commercial sponsors , the stations have had difficulties meeting expenses or improving their service . +Other communities -- the ones to be aided most by the Senate bill -- have had difficulty starting such stations because of the high initial cost of equipment . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/b03.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/b03.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19c698b7476ee4b86329af2fa74f0cdcc6160156 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/b03.xml @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ +Sample B03 from The Detroit News, November 17, 1961, p.8B Editorials + Chicago Daily Tribune, August 11, 1961, part I, p. 10F + Used by permission of Chicago Daily Tribune +Editorials +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,007 words 26 (1.3%) quotes 8 symbolsB03

Used by permission of The Detroit News

 The Detroit News, November 17, 1961, p.8B

Typographical Error: period missing [0240]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

A good man departs . +Goodby , Mr. Sam +

+

Sam Rayburn was a good man , a good American , and , third , a good Democrat . +

+

He was all of these rolled into one sturdy figure ; ; +Mr. Speaker , Mr. Sam , and Mr. Democrat , at one and the same time . +

+

The House was his habitat and there he flourished , first as a young representative , then as a forceful committee chairman , and finally in the post for which he seemed intended from birth , Speaker of the House , and second most powerful man in Washington . +

+

Mr. Rayburn was not an easy man to classify or to label . +He was no flaming liberal , yet the New Deal , the Fair Deal and the New Frontier needed him . +He was not a rear-looking conservative , yet partisans of that persuasion will miss him as much as any . +

+

Two of the vital qualities demanded of a politician by other politicians are that he always keep a confidence and that he keep his word . +Sam Rayburn took unnumbered secrets with him to the grave , for he was never loquacious , and his word , once given , was not subject to retraction . +It might be added that as he kept his word so he expected that others keep theirs . +

+

The demonstration of his power was never flamboyant or theatrical . +His leadership was not for audiences . +A growl , a nod , was usually enough . +When it was not , one of the great dramas of Washington would be presented . +He would rise in the well of the House , his chin upon his chest , his hands gripping the side of a desk , and the political and legislative chatter would subside into silence . +

+

He spoke briefly , sensibly , to the point and without oratorical flourishes . +He made good , plain American common sense and the House usually recognized it and acted upon it . +

+

These public efforts were rare because Mr. Rayburn normally did his counseling , persuading and educating long before an issue reached its test on the House floor . +He expected Democrats to do their duty when it had been patiently pointed out to them . +With his long service he had a long memory , an excellent thing in a political leader . +

+

He was , of course , in the House for a very long time . +There are only two men remaining in Congress who , with Rayburn , voted for the declaration of war against Germany in 1917 . +To almost two generations of Americans it must have seemed as though the existence of Mr. Sam coincided with that of the House . +

+

And it was the House he loved . +To be presiding officer of it was the end of his desire and ambition . +The Senate to him was not the `` upper body '' and he corrected those who said he served `` under '' the president . +He served `` with '' him . +

+

Sound the roll of those with whom he served and who preceded him in death . +Woodrow Wilson , with whom he began his years in Washington , Warren G. Harding , Calvin Coolidge , FDR , with whom he managed a social revolution . +And those still with us , Herbert C. Hoover , Harry S. Truman , Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy . +

+

He was a fighter for those of his own party . +Mr. Truman has only to recall the `` hopeless '' campaign of 1948 to remember what a loyal partisan he was and the first experience of Mr. Kennedy with Congress would have been sadder than it was had not Mr. Sam been there . +As it was , his absence because of his final illness was a blow to the administration . +

+

With Republican presidents , he fought fair . +He was his own man , not an automatic obstructionist . +He kept his attacks on Republicanism for partisan campaigns , but that is part of the game he was born to play . +

+

Under any name -- Mr. Speaker , Mr. Democrat , Mr. Sam -- he was a good man . +

+

un off the Congo track +Thirteen Italian airmen who went to the Congo to serve the cause of peace under the United Nations banner have instead met violent death at the hands of Congolese troops supposedly their friends . +

+

In 18 months , no more grisly incident has been reported from that jungle . +Simply out of bloodlust , their murderers dismembered the bodies and tossed the remains into the river . +The excuse was offered for them that they had mistaken the Italians for Belgian mercenaries . +In other words , atrocities by savages wearing the uniform of the central government might be condoned , had the victims been serving the cause of dissident Katanga . +

+

Does this suggest that the Congo is fit for nationhood or that UN is making any progress whatever toward its goal of so making it ? ? +To the contrary , through the past six weeks violence has been piled upon violence . +Mass rapes , troop mutinies , uncontrolled looting and pillage and reckless military adventures , given no sanction by any political authority , have become almost daily occurrences . +Yet this basic condition of outlawry and anarchy is not the work of Katanga . +It happens in the territory of the Leopoldville government , which is itself a fiction , demonstrably incapable of governing , and commanding only such limited credit abroad as UN support gives it . +

+

The main question raised by the incident is how much longer will UN bury its head in the sand on the Congo problem instead of facing the bitter fact that it has no solution in present terms ? ? +The probable answer is that it will do so just as long as Russia can exercise a veto in favor of chaos and until young African nations wake up to the truth that out of false pride they are visiting ruin on Central Africa . +

+

Right now , they are pushing a resolution which would have UN use its forces to invade and subjugate Katanga . +That notion is fantastically wrong-headed from several points of view . +The UN army is too weak , too demoralized for the task . +Further , it has its work cut out stopping anarchy where it is now garrisoned . +Last , it makes no sense to deliver Katanga , the one reasonably solid territory , into the existing chaos . +

+

The Congo should have been mandated , because it was not ready for independence . +The idea was not even suggested because political expediency prevailed over wisdom . +It is perhaps too late now to talk of mandate because it is inconsistent with what is termed political realism . +But if any realism and feeling for truth remain in the General Assembly , it is time for men of courage to measure the magnitude of the failure and urge some new approach . +Otherwise , UN will march blindly on to certain defeat . +

+

Featherbed reversal +A recent editorial discussing a labor-management agreement reached between the Southern Pacific Co. and the Order of Railroad Telegraphers has been criticized on the grounds that it was not based on complete information . +

+

The editorial was based on a news association dispatch which said that the telegraphers had secured an agreement whereby they were guaranteed 40 hours' pay per week whether they worked or not and that a reduction in their number was limited to 2 per cent per year . +Our comment was that this was `` featherbedding '' in its ultimate form and that sympathy for the railroad was misplaced since it had entered into such an agreement . +The statement was also made that undoubtedly the railroad had received some compensating benefit from the telegraphers , but that it was difficult to imagine what could balance a job for life . +

+

Additional information supplied to us discloses that the railroad gained a stabilized supply of telegraphers of which it was in need . +Also , normal personnel attrition would make the job reduction provision more or less academic . +

+

The situation with regard to the Southern Pacific was therefore a special one and not necessarily applicable to other situations in other industries . +The solution reached in the agreement was more acceptable to the railroad than that originally included in a series of union demands . +

+

Meditations from a fallout shelter +Time was when the house of delegates of the American Bar association leaned to the common sense side . +But the internationalists have taken over the governing body of the bar , and when the lads met in St. Louis , it was not to grumble about the humidity but to vote unanimously that the United Nations was scarcely less than wonderful , despite an imperfection here and there . +

+

It was , the brief writers decided , `` man's best hope for a peaceful and law abiding world '' . +Peace , it's wonderful , and `` world law '' , it's wonderful , too , and shouldn't we get an international covenant extending it into space , before the Russians put some claim jumper on the moon ? ? +

+

Meanwhile , in Moscow , Khrushchev was adding his bit to the march of world law by promising to build a bomb with a wallop equal to 100 million tons of TNT , to knock sense into the heads of those backward oafs who can't see the justice of surrendering West Berlin to communism . +

+

A nuclear pacifier of these dimensions -- roughly some six and a half times bigger than anything the United States has triggered experimentally -- would certainly produce a bigger bang , and , just for kicks , Khrushchev might use it to propel the seminar of the house of delegates from St. Louis to the moon , where there wouldn't even be any beer to drink . +

+

While he was at it , the philosopher of the Kremlin contributed an additional assist to the rule of reason by bellowing at those in the west who can't appreciate coexistence thru suicide . +

+

`` Fools '' , he bayed , `` what do you think you are doing '' ? ? +

+

The only response we can think of is the humble one that at least we aren't playing the marimba with our shoes in the United Nations , but perhaps the heavy domes in the house of delegates can improve on this feeble effort . +

+

Another evidence of the spreading rule of reason was provided from Mexico City with the daily hijacking of an American plane by a demented Algerian with a gun . +The craft made the familiar unwelcome flight to Havana , where , for some unknown reason , Castro rushed to the airport to express mortification to the Colombian foreign minister , a passenger , who is not an admirer of old Ten O'Clock Shadow . +The plane was sent back to the United States , for a change , but Castro kept the crazy gunman , who will prove a suitable recruit to the revolution . +

+

Less respect for the legal conventions was displayed by Castro's right hand man , Che Guevara , who edified the Inter-American Economic and Social council meeting in Montevideo by reading two secret American documents purloined from the United States embassy at Caracas , Venezuela . +The contents were highly embarrassing to American spokesmen , who were on hand to promise Latin Americans a 20 billion dollar foreign aid millennium . +

+

Perhaps the moralities of world law are not advanced by stealing American diplomatic papers and planes , but the Kennedy administration can always file a demurrer to the effect that , but for its own incompetence in protecting American interests , these things would not happen . +The same can be said about the half-hearted Cuban invasion mounted by the administration last April , which , we trust , is not symptomatic of the methods to be invoked in holding off the felonious Khrushchev . +

+

Pass the iron rations , please , and light another candle , for it's getting dark down here and we're minded to read a bit of world law just to pass the time away . +

+

The customer loses again +

+

The board of suspension of the Interstate Commerce commission has ordered a group of railroads not to reduce their freight rates on grain , as they had planned to do this month . +

+

The request for lower rates originated with the Southern railway , which has spent a good deal of time and money developing a 100-ton hopper car with which it says it can move grain at about half what it costs in the conventional , smaller car . +By reducing rates as much as 60 per cent , it and its associated railroads hope to win back some of the business they have lost to truckers and barge lines . +

+

The board's action shows what free enterprise is up against in our complex maze of regulatory laws . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/b08.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/b08.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..55eb170b5c6b4cbea02fab131bf566458217d26b --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/b08.xml @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +Sample B08 from The Atlanta Constitution August 17, 1961, "DeKalb Cannery..." by Eddie Barker +"We must Forgive Others" by Robert V. Ozment +"There's Only One Test" by Calestine Sibley + March 6, 1961, "A Pulpit Must Be..." by Eugene Patterson +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,031 words 585 (28.8%) quotesB08

Used by permission of The Atlanta Constitution

 The Atlanta Constitution

Typographical Error: metropolitian [0140]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Old , tired , trembling the woman came to the cannery . +She had , she said , heard that the plant was closing . +It couldn't close , she said . +She had raised a calf , grown it beef-fat . +She had , with her own work-weary hands , put seeds in the ground , watched them sprout , bud , blossom , and get ready to bear . +She was ready to kill the beef , dress it out , and with vegetables from her garden was going to can soup , broth , hash , and stew against the winter . +She had done it last year , and the year before , and the year before that , and she , and her people were dependent upon these cans for food . +

+

This did not happen in counties of North Georgia , where the rivers run and make rich the bottom land . +Nor in South Georgia , where the summer sun shines warmly and gives early life to the things growing in the flat fields . +

+

This happened in Decatur , DeKalb County , not 10 miles from the heart of metropolitian Atlanta . +

+

And now , the woman , tired and trembling , came here to the DeKalb County cannery . +`` Is it so the cannery is going to close '' ? ? +

+

O. N. Moss , 61 , tall , grey as a possum , canning plant chief since 1946 , didn't know what to say . +He did say she could get her beef and vegetables in cans this summer . +He did say he was out of cans , the No. 3's , but `` I requisitioned 22,000 '' . +He said he had No. 2's enough to last two weeks more . +

+

Threat of closing the cannery is a recent one . +A three-man committee has recommended to Commission Chairman Charles O. Emmerich that the DeKalb County cannery be closed . +Reason : the cannery loses $3,000 yearly . +

+

But DeKalb citizens , those who use the facilities of the cannery , say the cannery is not supposed to make any money . +

+

`` The cannery '' , said Mrs. Lewellyn Lundeen , an active booster of the cannery since its opening during the war and rationing years of 1941 , to handle the `` victory garden '' produce , `` is a service to the taxpayer . +And one of the best services available to the people who try to raise and can meat , to plant , grow vegetables and put them up . +It helps those people who help themselves . +

+

`` The county , though , seems more interested in those people who don't even try , those who sit and draw welfare checks and line up for surplus food '' . +

+

A driver of a dairy truck , who begins work at 1 a.m. finishes before breakfast , then goes out and grows a garden , and who has used the cannery to save and feed a family of five , asked , `` What in the world will we do '' ? ? +

+

`` What in the world '' , echoed others , those come with the beans , potatoes , the tomatoes , `` will any of us do '' ? ? +

+

Moss , a man who knows how much the cannery helps the county , doesn't believe it will close . +But he is in the middle , an employe of DeKalb , but on the side of the people . +

+

The young married people ; ; +the old couples . +The dairy truck driver ; ; +the old woman with the stew . +

+

`` Don't ask me if I think the cannery helps '' , he said . +`` Sir , I know the cannery helps '' . +

+

Most of us would be willing to admit that forgiveness comes hard . +When a person has thoughtlessly or deliberately caused us pain or hardship it is not always easy to say , `` Just forget it '' . +There is one thing I know ; ; +a person will never have spiritual poise and inner peace as long as the heart holds a grudge . +I know a man who held resentment against a neighbor for more than three decades . +Several years ago I was his pastor . +One night , at the close of the evening service , he came forward , left his resentment at the altar and gave his heart to God . +After almost everyone had gone he told me the simple story of how one of his neighbors had moved a fence a few feet over on his land . +

+

`` We tried to settle this dispute '' , he said , `` but could never come to an agreement . +I settled it tonight '' , he continued . +`` I leave this church with a feeling that a great weight has been lifted off my heart , I have left my grudge at the altar and forgiven my neighbor '' . +

+

Forgiveness is the door through which a person must pass to enter the Kingdom of God . +You cannot wear the banner of God and at the same time harbor envy , jealousy and grudges in your heart . +Henry Van Dyke said , `` Forgive and forget if you can ; ; +but forgive anyway '' . +

+

Jesus made three things clear about forgiveness . +We must , first of all , be willing to forgive others before we can secure God's forgiveness . +`` For if ye forgive men their trespasses , your heavenly Father will also forgive you : but if ye forgive not men their trespasses , neither will your Father forgive -- your trespasses '' . +Matthew 6 : 14-15 . +It will do no good to seek God's forgiveness until we have forgiven those who have done us wrong . +

+

Then , Jesus indicated that God's forgiveness is unlimited . +In the prayer Jesus taught his disciples to pray we find these words , `` Forgive us our debts '' . +When a person meets God's requirements for the experience of forgiveness he is forgiven . +God's mercy and patience will last forever . +Forgiveness implies more than a person wanting his past sins covered by God's love . +It also implies that a man wants his future to be free from the mistakes of the past . +We want the past forgiven , but at the same time we must be willing for God to direct the future . +

+

Finally , we must be willing to forgive others as many times as they sin against us . +Once Peter asked , `` How oft shall my brother sin against me , and I forgive him ? ? +Till seven times ? ? +Jesus saith unto him , until seventy times seven '' . +Matthew 18 : 21-22 . +

+

Jesus not only taught forgiveness , He gave us an example of it on the cross . +With all the energy of his broken body he prayed , `` Father , forgive them , for they know not what they do '' . +Luke 23:34 . +

+

She's been in and out of my house for a dozen years now , although she's still a teen-ager who looks like a baby , she is getting married . +Her mother , now dead , was my good friend and when she came to tell us about her plans and to show off her ring I had a sobering wish to say something meaningful to her , something her mother would wish said . +For a while there was such shrill girlish commotion I couldn't have made myself heard if I'd had the equivalent of the message to Garcia . +But when some of the squeals had subsided and she had been through one of those sessions that are so indispensable to the young female -- six girls sprawled on one bed , drinking Cokes and giggling -- she came back to the kitchen to talk with me a minute . +

+

`` How do you know you love somebody enough to get married '' ? ? +She asked . +

+

It was the oldest and toughest question young lovers have ever asked : How can you be sure ? ? +

+

`` Aren't you sure '' ? ? +I asked , looking at her searchingly . +I wanted to grab her by the arm and beg her to wait , to consider , to know for certain because life is so long and marriage is so important . +But if she were just having a normal case of pre-nuptial jitters such a question might frighten her out of a really good marriage . +Besides , in all honesty , I don't know how you can be sure . +I don't know any secret recipe for certainty . +In the fevered , intoxicating , breathless state of being in love the usual signposts that guide you to lasting and satisfying relationships are sometimes obscured . +I knew of but one test and I threw it out to her for what it was worth . +

+

`` Does he ever bore you '' ? ? +I asked . +

+

`` Bore me '' ? ? +She was shocked . +Oh , no-o ! ! +Why , he's so darling and '' +

+

`` I mean '' , I went on ruthlessly , `` when he's not talking about you or himself or the wonders of love , is he interesting ? ? +Does he care about things that matter to you ? ? +Can you visualize being stranded with him on a desert island for years and years and still find him fascinating ? ? +

+

Because , honey , I thought silently , there are plenty of desert islands in every marriage -- long periods when you're hopelessly stranded , together . +And if you bore each other then , heaven help you . +

+

She came back the other day to reassure me . +She has studied and observed and she is convinced that her young man is going to be endlessly enchanting . +

+

She asked if I had other advice and , heady with success , I rushed it in , I hope not too late . +Be friends with your mother-in-law . +Jokes , cartoons and cynics to the contrary , mothers-in-law make good friends . +

+

I do not know Dr. Wilson Sneed well . +But I was deeply moved by his letter of resignation as rector of St. Luke's Church in Atlanta . +It was the cry of not just one heart ; ; +it spoke for many in the clergy , I suspect . +The pulpit is a lonely place . +Who stops to think of that ? ? +

+

Imagine the searching and the prayer that lay behind the letter the rector wrote after almost a decade of service to this majestic church . +`` Such a church needs vigor and vitality in its rector and one man has only so much of these endowments '' , he told his members . +

+

A minister should not stay `` beyond the time that his leadership should benefit '' his church , he wrote , `` for he becomes ordinary . +

+

And so the young minister resigned , to go and study and pray , having never passed a day , he told his parishioners , when `` I did not gain from you far more than I ever gave to you '' . +

+

His very honest act called up the recent talk I had with another minister , a modest Methodist , who said : `` I feel so deeply blessed by God when I can give a message of love and comfort to other men , and I would have it no other way : and it is unworthy to think of self . +But oh , how I do sometimes need just a moment of rest , and peace , in myself '' . +

+

A man who gives himself to God and to the believers of his church takes upon himself a life of giving . +He does not expect to get great riches or he would not have chosen to answer the call to preach . +The good ones are not motivated to seek vainly , nor are they disposed to covet comfort , or they would have been led to fields that offer comfort and feed vanity . +Theirs is a sacrificial life by earthly standards . +

+

Yet we who lean upon such a man and draw strength from him and expect interpretation of the infinite through him -- we who readily accept his sacrifice as our due , we of the congregations are the first to tell him what is in our minds instead of listening to what is in his soul . +We press him to conform to our comfortable conceptions and not to bruise our satisfactions with his word , and God's . +We do not defeat the good ones with this cruelty , but we add to their burden , while expecting them to bestow saintliness upon us in return for ostentatious church attendance and a few bucks a week , American cash . +If we break the minister to our bit , we are buying back our own sins . +If he won't break , we add to the stress he bears . +

+

And a minister of all men is most conscious that he is mere man -- prone to the stresses that earthly humanity is heir to . +We expect him to be noble , and to make us so -- yet he knows , and tries to tell us , how very humble man must be . +

+

We expect bestowal of God's love through him . +But how little love we give him . +The church truly is not a rest home for saints , but a hospital for sinners . +Yet every Sunday we sinners go to that emergency room to receive first aid , and we leave unmindful that the man who ministered to us is a human being who suffers , too . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/b18.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/b18.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..594918d60d3862dfd1cb6b4571b4729b7c9a871b --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/b18.xml @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +Sample B18 from The New York Times, October 17, 1961, p.38 "Letters to the Times" The Detroit News, November 17, 1961, p.8B Used by permission of The Detroit News +"The Public Letter Box" +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus1,993 words 170 (8.5%) quotes 4 symbolsB18

Copyright 1961 by The New York Times Company. Reprintedby permission

 The New York Times, October 17, 1961, p.38

Arbitrary Hyphen: fall-outs [0080]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

For a neutral Germany +Soviets said to fear resurgence of German militarism +to the editor of the New York Times : +For the first time in history the entire world is dominated by two large , powerful nations armed with murderous nuclear weapons that make conventional warfare of the past a nullity . +The United States and Soviet Russia have enough nuclear weapons to destroy all nations . +Recent statements by well-known scientists regarding the destructive power of the newest nuclear bombs and the deadly fall-outs should be sufficient to still the voices of those who advocate nuclear warfare instead of negotiations . +

+

President Kennedy was right when he said , `` We shall never negotiate out of fear and we never shall fear to negotiate '' . +I have just returned from a seven-week trip to Europe and the Far East . +It is quite evident that the people of Western Europe are overwhelmingly opposed to participation in a nuclear war . +The fact is that the Italians , French and British know that they have no defense against nuclear bombs . +We have no right to criticize them , as they realize they would be sitting ducks in a nuclear war . +

+

We should stand firmly and courageously for our right to free access into Berlin . +It would be criminal folly if the Communists tried to prevent us . +But there is nothing we can do to stop Soviet Russia from granting de facto recognition to East Germany . +Soviet Russia has been invaded twice by German troops in a generation . +In the last war Russia lost more than ten million killed and its lands and factories were devastated . +Probable agreement +The truth is that Communist Russia fears the resurgence of German militarism . +Berlin is merely being used by Moscow as a stalking horse . +Actually , the Communists , out of fear of a united and armed Germany , would probably be willing to agree to a disarmed Germany that would be united and neutral and have its independence guaranteed by the U.N. . +

+

If the Communists are sincere in wanting a united , neutral and disarmed Germany , it might well be advantageous for the German people in this nuclear age . +It could provide security without cost of armaments and increase German prosperity and lessen taxation . +France and other Western European nations likewise fear a rearmed Germany . +If the German people favor such a settlement we should not oppose Germany following the example of Austria . +

+

President Kennedy has urged a peace race on disarmament that might be called `` Operation Survival '' which has many facets . +Why not make a beginning with a united and disarmed Germany whose neutrality and immunity from nuclear bombing would be guaranteed by the Big Four powers and the United States ? ? +A united Germany , freed of militarism , might be the first step toward disarmament and peace in a terrorized and tortured world . +

+

Meeting U.N. obligations +to the editor of the New York Times : +In your editorial of Sept. 30 `` The Smoldering Congo '' you make the following comment : `` Far too many states are following the Russian example in refusing to pay their assessments . +It is up to the Assembly to take action against them . +They are violating their Charter obligation , the prescribed penalty for which is suspension of membership or expulsion '' . +

+

I would like to quote from the Charter of the United Nations : +

+

`` Article 17 , Section 1 : : +The General Assembly shall consider and approve the budget of the Organization . +

+

`` Section 2 : : +The expenses of the Organization shall be borne by the Members as apportioned by the General Assembly . +

+

`` Article 19 : : +A Member of the United Nations which is in arrears in the payment of its financial contributions to the Organization shall have no vote in the General Assembly if the amount of its arrears equals or exceeds the amount of the contributions due from it for the preceding two full years '' . +

+

The U.S.S.R. and her followers are careful in paying their obligations to the regular budget . +But they refuse , as do the Arab states , to support the United Nations' expenses of maintaining the United Nations Emergency Force in the Middle East as a buffer between Egypt and Israel , and the U.N. troops in the Congo , which expenses are not covered by the regular budget of the United Nations , but by a special budget . +

+

According to the official interpretation of the Charter , a member cannot be penalized by not having the right to vote in the General Assembly for nonpayment of financial obligations to the `` special '' United Nations' budgets , and of course cannot be expelled from the Organization ( which you suggested in your editorial ) , due to the fact that there is no provision in the Charter for expulsion . +

+

To aid international law +Connally amendment's repeal held step toward world order +to the editor of the New York Times : +In your Sept. 27 editorial appraisal of the work of the First Session of the Eighty-seventh Congress you referred to the lack of `` consciousness of destiny in a time of acute national and world peril '' . +Yet your list of things left undone did not include repeal of the Connally amendment to this country's domestic jurisdiction reservation to its Adherence to the Statute of the International Court of Justice . +

+

The Connally amendment says that the United States , rather than the court , shall determine whether a matter is essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of the United States in a case before the World Court to which the United States is a party . +If the case is thus determined by us to be domestic , the court has no jurisdiction . +

+

Since the Connally amendment has the effect of giving the same right to the other party to a dispute with the United States , it also prevents us from using the court effectively . +Yet although the Kennedy Administration , and the Eisenhower Administration before it , have both declared themselves solidly for repeal of the Connally amendment , as contrary to our best interests , no action has yet been taken . +

+

Our `` destiny '' in these perilous times should be to lead strongly in the pursuit of peace , with justice , under law . +To achieve this destiny , acts as well as words are needed -- not only acts that lead to physical strength but also acts that lead to strength based on right doing and respect . +

+

What better affirmative step could be taken to this end than repeal of the Connally amendment -- an act which could expose the United States to no practical risk yet would put an end to our self-judging attitude toward the court , enable us to utilize it , and advance in a tangible way the cause of international law and order ? ? +

+

We believe that the list of vital things left undone to date by the Eighty-seventh Congress should have included repeal by the Senate of the Connally amendment . +

+

For better subway services +to the editor of the New York Times : +Many home-bound subway riders utilizing the Flushing-Main Street express are daily confronted with the sight of the local departing from the Woodside station as their express comes to a stop , leaving them stranded and strained . +To the tens of thousands who must transfer to ride to Seventy-fourth Street and change for the IND , this takes a daily toll of time and temper . +

+

The Transit Authority has recently placed in operation `` hold '' lights at BMT Thirty-ninth and Fifty-ninth Street stations in Brooklyn . +This `` holds '' the local until the express passengers change trains . +Without question , this time and temper saver should be immediately installed at the Woodside station . +

+

Phone service criticized +to the editor of the New York Times : +As a business man I have to use the telephone constantly , from three to four hours a day . +

+

In the last few years the telephone company has managed to automate many areas of their service . +It has not been any great mental effort on my part to keep up with this mechanization which has brought about new ways of dialing . +

+

However , there are still several types of calls that necessitate the use of telephone operators . +I have been absolutely shocked at the ineptness of the young ladies who are servicing person-to-person calls , special long-distance calls , etc. . +Either it is lack of training , lack of proper screening when hiring , lack of management or possibly lack of interest on the part of the telephone company , which does have a Government-blessed monopoly . +

+

Fair-priced funeral +to the editor : +I disagree with the writer who says funeral services should be government-controlled . +The funeral for my husband was just what I wanted and I paid a fair price , far less than I had expected to pay . +But the hospitals and doctors should be . +

+

Helping retarded children +to the editor : +Recently I visited the very remarkable Pilgrim School for retarded children . +

+

Hazel Park donates its recreation center , five days a week , to the school . +There is no charge and no state aid . +Kiwanis , American Legion and other groups donate small sums and the mothers do what they can to bring in dollars for its support . +

+

There are 70 children there and the mothers donate one day a week to the school . +Reading , writing and simple arithmetic are taught along with such crafts as working in brass . +They make beautiful objects . +

+

Enough trading stamps were collected to buy a 12-passenger station wagon . +Southfield schools furnish an old 45-passenger bus ( the heater in which needs repair since some of the children ride a long distance and need the heat ) . +

+

The school is located at 9-1/2 Mile Road , Woodward Heights . +Visitors are welcome to come see what these dedicated mothers can do . +

+

Jobs for Cavanagh +to the editor : +I was surprised at Mayor Miriani's defeat , but perhaps Mayor-elect Cavanagh can accomplish some things that should have been done years ago . +Maybe he can clean out the white elephants in some of the city departments such as welfare , DPW and sanitation . +Negligence in garbage and rubbish collections and alley cleaning is great . +

+

He should put the police back to patrolling and walking the streets at night . +There should be better bus service and all of our city departments and their various branches need a general and complete overhauling . +

+

Our litterbug ordinances are not enforced and I have yet to read of a conviction in a littering case . +

+

Drunken truck drivers in the city departments should be weeded out . +Educate the city employes to give real service to the public . +After all , they are paid by the public , they should be examples . +

+

Church finds news features are helpful +to the editor : +At a recent meeting of the Women's Association of the Trumbull Ave. United Presbyterian Church , considerable use was made of material from The Detroit News on the King James version of the New Testament versus the New English Bible . +

+

Some members of the organization called attention also to the article on hymns of inspiration , the Daily Prayer and Three Minutes A Day , as being very helpful . +

+

We feel that The Detroit News is to be complimented upon arranging for articles on these subjects and we hope that it will continue to provide material along wholesome lines . +

+

Rude youngsters +to the editor : +Thank you for the article by George Sokolsky on the public apathy to impudence . +

+

How old do you have to be to remember when Americans , especially children , were encouraged to be polite ? ? +Why has this form of gentility gone out of American life ? ? +

+

How can we old-fashioned parents , who still feel that adults are due some respect from children , battle the new type of advertising that appears on TV without denying the children the use of television entirely ? ? +Writers of ads must get their inspiration from the attitude of `` modern '' parents they have observed . +From necessity , they are also inspired by the `` hard-sell '' attitude of the sponsor , so , finally , it is the sponsor who must take the responsibility for the good or bad taste of his advertising . +

+

Dunes park advocate +to the editor : +I commend Senator Hart for his brave fight to establish a national park in the dunes area . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/b19.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/b19.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7af0b099aae6ed5344c0ded1573eec95be4b9b4d --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/b19.xml @@ -0,0 +1,184 @@ +Sample B19 from The Philadelphia Inquirer, November 5, 1961, p. B 8 "The Voice of the People" The Detroit News, November 17, 1961, p. 8B Used by permission of The Detroit News + "The Public Letter Box" +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,013 words 53 (2.6%) quotesB19

Used by permission of The Philadelphia Inquirer

 The Philadelphia Inquirer, November 5, 1961, p. B 8

Typographical Errors: demage [0340] iniure [for inure] [1410]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Ghost town ? ? +

+

To the editor of the Inquirer : +I just wish to congratulate Inspector Trimmer and his efficient police troops in cleaning the city of those horrible automobiles . +We have now a quiet city , fewer automobiles , less congestion , and fewer retail customers shopping in center city . +Good for Mr. Trimmer . +Maybe he will help to turn our fair city into a `` ghost '' town . +

+

Defends big trucks +to the editor of the Inquirer : +I worked on the Schuylkill Expressway and if it had not been for the big trucks carrying rock and concrete there wouldn't be an Expressway . +Without these massive trucks highways would still be just an idea of the future . +

+

Mr. George Hough ( Oct. 30 ) sounds like a business man who waits until the last minute to leave his home or shop . +The trucks today help pay for this highway . +They try to keep within the speed limits . +Although today's trucks are as fast as passenger cars , a truck driver has to be a sensible person and guard against hogging the road . +

+

Out of school at 14 +to the editor of the Inquirer : +The letter writer who suggested saving money by taking kids out of school at 14 should have signed his letter `` simpleton '' instead of `` simplicitude '' . +Such kids only wind up among the unemployed on relief or in jail where they become a much bigger burden . +There are lots of jobs available for trained high school graduates , but not for the dropouts . +What we need is more vocational training in high schools , not more dropouts . +

+

Two wrongs +to the editor of the Inquirer : +I suppose I am missing some elementary point but I honestly cannot see how two wrongs can make a right ! ! +I am referring to this country conducting atmosphere tests of nuclear bombs just because Russia is . +Will our bombs be cleaner or will their fallout be less harmful to future generations of children ? ? +If an atom bomb in 1945 could destroy an entire city surely the atomic arsenal we now have is more than adequate to fulfill any military objective required of it . +

+

As I see it , if war starts and we survive the initial attack enough to be able to fight back , the nuclear weapons we now have -- at least the bombs -- can inflict all the demage that is necessary . +Why do we need bigger and better bombs ? ? +I repeat , two wrongs do not make a right . +

+

' we tremble not ' +to the editor of the Inquirer : +Everyone should take time to read Martin Luther's Hymn `` A Mighty Fortress Is Our God '' . +

+

Especially the first half of the third verse : +

+

out of the race +to the editor of the Inquirer : +To our everlasting shame , we led the world in this nuclear arms race sixteen years ago when we dropped the first bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki . +

+

Having led the world in this mad race I pray that we may have the wisdom and courage to lead it out of the race . +

+

Are we to be the master of the atom , or will the atom be our master -- and destroy us ! ! +

+

Why trust Jagan ? ? +

+

To the editor of the Inquirer : +Just because Cheddi Jagan , new boss of British Guiana , was educated in the United States is no reason to think he isn't a Red . +We have quite a few home-grown specimens of our own . +If we go all gooey over this newest Castro ( until he proves he isn't ) we've got rocks in our heads . +How many times must we get burned before we learn ? ? +

+

Russia and U.N. +to the editor of the Inquirer : +Just to remind the Communists that the bombs dropped on Japan were to end a war not start one . +The war could have continued many years with many thousands killed on both sides . +Intelligent people will admit that bombs and rockets of destruction are frightening whether they fall on Japan , London or Pearl Harbor . +That is why the United Nations was formed so that intelligent men with good intentions from all countries could meet and solve problems without resorting to war . +

+

Russia has showed its intentions by exploding bombs in peace time to try to frighten the world . +Why aren't the Soviets expelled from the U.N. ? ? +

+

Belated tribute +to the editor of the Inquirer : +While `` better late than never '' may have certain merits , the posthumous award of the Nobel Prize for Peace to the late Dag Hammarskjold strikes me as less than a satisfactory expression of appreciation . +Had it been bestowed while the Secretary General of the United Nations was living , unquestionably he would have been greatly encouraged in pursuing a difficult and , in many ways , thankless task . +

+

According to one report , however , Mr. Hammarskjold was considered `` too controversial '' a figure to warrant bestowal of the coveted honor last spring . +Actually , of course , that label `` controversial '' applied only because he was carrying out the mandate given him by the world organization he headed rather than following the dictates of the Soviet Union . +

+

At Khrushchev's door , therefore , can be placed the primary blame but also at fault are those who permitted themselves to be intimidated . +It is well for us to remember that a wreath on a coffin never can atone for flowers withheld while they still can be enjoyed . +As has happened so often in the past , the ability to recognize true greatness has been inadequate and tardy . +

+

' people to people ' +to the editor of the Inquirer : +Just a brief note of appreciation to Vice President Johnson and Pakistani camel driver Bashir Ahmad for providing a first-class example of `` people to people '' good will . +If only this could be done more often -- with such heartening results -- many of the earth's `` big problems '' would shrink to the insignificances they really are . +

+

P.S. . +Thanks for your good coverage of Ahmad's visit , too ! ! +

+

Expressway answer : East River Drive +to the editor of the Inquirer : +Your continuing editorials concerning the Schuylkill Expressway are valuable ; ; +however , several pertinent considerations deserve recognition . +

+

One of the problems associated with the expressway stems from the basic idea . +We shuffle a large percentage of the cars across the river twice . +They start on the East side of the Schuylkill , have to cross over to the West to use the expressway and cross over again to the East at their destination . +Bridges , tunnels and ferries are the most common methods of river crossings . +Each one of these is , by its nature , a focal point or a point of natural congestion . +We should avoid these congestion points or , putting it another way , keep cars starting and ending on the East side of the river -- on the East side . +

+

This can be accomplished by several logical steps : ( 1 ) +Widen the East River Drive at least one lane . +( 2 ) +So widen it as to minimize the present curves and eliminate drainage problems . +( 3 ) +Paint continuous lane stripes and install overhead directional lights as on our bridges . +One additional lane would then be directional with the traffic burden and effectively increase the traffic carrying capability of the East River Drive by fifty percent . +( 4 ) +This could be accomplished without the tremendous expenditures necessitated by the Schuylkill Expressway and without destroying the natural beauty of the East River Drive . +

+

Shadow over Washington Square +to the editor of the Inquirer : +I wish to advocate two drastic changes in Washington Square : 1 . +

+

Take away George Washington's statue . +2 . +

+

Replace it with the statue of one or another of the world's famous dictators . +

+

There's no sense in being reminded of times that were . +Washington Square seems not part of a free land . +It may remind one of Russia , China or East Berlin ; ; +but it can't remind one of the freedom that Washington and the Continental soldiers fought for . +

+

The Fairmount Park Commission will no doubt approve my two proposals , because it is responsible for the change of ideological atmosphere in the Square . +The matter may seem a small thing to some people , I know , but it's a very good start on the road to Totalitarianism The Commission has posted signs in Washington Square saying : +

+

The Feeding of Birds is Prohibited in This square . +

+

Fairmount Park Commission +

+

Does each tentacle of the octopus of City Government reach out and lash at whatever it dislikes or considers an annoyance ? ? +If birds don't belong in a Square or Park , what does ? ? +They are the most beautiful part of that little piece of nature . +The trees are their homes ; ; +but the Commission does not share such sentiments . +

+

The whole official City apparently has an intense hatred toward birds . +Starlings and blackbirds are scared off by canon , from City Hall . +Just a preliminary measure . +If any are left , presently , we may expect to see signs specifically prohibiting the feeding of them too . +

+

The City Government is not united in an all-out , to-the-death drive to stamp out gangs , delinquents , thugs , murderers , rapists , subversives . +Indeed no . +Let every policeman and park guard keep his eye on John and Jane Doe , lest one piece of bread be placed undetected and one bird survive . +

+

Of course , in this small way of forcing the people to watch as tiny and innocent and dependent creatures die because we're afraid to feed them and afraid to protest and say , `` How come ? ? +What's your motive ? ? +Who wants this deed done '' ? ? +-- in this small way do the leaders of a city , or of a nation , inure the masses to watching , or even inflicting , torture and death , upon even their fellow men . +

+

One means to help the birds occurs to me : Let the chimes that ring over Washington Square twice daily , discontinue any piece of music but one . +Let them offer on behalf of those creatures whose melody has been the joy of mankind since time began , the hymn `` Abide With Me '' . +We will know , and He will know , to whom it is rendered , what the birds would ask : +

+

not push-ups but stand-ups +to the editor of the Inquirer : +There is a trend today to bemoan the fact that Americans are too `` soft '' . +Unfortunately , those who would remedy our `` softness '' seek to do so with calisthenics . +They are working on the wrong part of our anatomy . +It is not our bodies but our hearts and heads that have grown too soft . +Ashamed of our wealth and power , afraid of so-called world opinion and addicted to peace , we have allowed our soft-heartedness to lead to soft-headed policies . +

+

When we become firm enough to stand for those ideals which we know to be right , when we become hard enough to refuse to aid nations which do not permit self-determination , when we become strong enough to resist any more drifts towards socialism in our own Nation , when we recognize that our enemy is Communism not war , and when we realize that concessions to Communists do not insure peace or freedom , then , and only then will we no longer be `` soft '' . +America doesn't need to `` push-up '' , she needs to stand up ! ! +

+

Disputes Stans column business scandal views +to the editor : +The new column by Maurice Stans regarding business scandals , is fair and accurate in most respects and his solution to the problem has some merit . +However , he states unequivocally `` the scandals in business are far less significant than the scandals in labor '' . +I must , in fairness , take issue with his premise , primarily because the so-called scandals in labor unions were very much connected with business scandals . +

+

The area most prominently commented on during the McClellan hearings had to do with `` sweetheart contracts '' . +These arrangements would have been impossible if the business community was truly interested in the welfare of its employes . +A sweetheart arrangement can come about as often by employers doing the corrupting as by unscrupulous labor leaders demanding tribute . +Anyone familiar with the details of the McClellan hearings must at once realize that the sweetheart arrangements augmented employer profits far more than they augmented the earnings of the corruptible labor leaders . +

+

Further , it should be recalled that some very definite steps were taken by Congress to combat corruption in the labor movement by its passage of the Landrum-Griffin Act . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/b21.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/b21.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..71e10025df702a368f51a392f5de75dc4bb3f33d --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/b21.xml @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +Sample B21 from The New Republic, 145: 19 (November 6, 1961) P.16"The Cult of the Motor" by Gerald W. Johnson + Pp. 10-11 "How Much Fallout..." by James Deakin +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,029 words 150 (7.4%) quotes 12 symbolsB21

Used by permission of The New Republic

 The New Republic, 145: 19 (November 6, 1961)

Typographical Error: miniscule [0530]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

All false gods resemble Moloch , at least in the early phases of their careers , so it would be unreasonable to expect any form of idol-worship to become widespread without the accompaniment of human sacrifice . +But there is reason in all things , and in this country the heathenish cult of the motor-car is exceeding all bounds in its demands . +The annual butchery of 40,000 American men , women and children to satiate its blood-lust is excessive ; ; +a quota of 25,000 a year would be more than sufficient . +

+

No other popular idol is accorded even that much grace . +If the railroads , for example , regularly slaughtered 25,000 passengers each year , the high priests of the cult would have cause to tremble for their personal safety , for such a holocaust would excite demands for the hanging of every railroad president in the United States . +But by comparison with the railroad , the motor car is a relatively new object of popular worship , so it is too much to hope that it may be brought within the bounds of civilized usage quickly and easily . +

+

Yet it is plainly time to make a start , and to be effective the first move should be highly dramatic , without being fanatical . +Here , then , is what Swift would have called a modest proposal by way of a beginning . +From next New Year's Day let us keep careful account of each successive fatality on the highways , publicizing it on all media of communication . +To avoid suspicion of bigotry , let the hand of vengeance be stayed until the meat-wagon has picked up the twenty-five thousandth corpse ; ; +but let the twenty-five thousand and first butchery be the signal for the arrest of the 50 state highway commissioners . +

+

Then let the whole lot be hanged in a public mass execution on July 4 , 1963 . +The scene , of course , should be nine miles northwest of Centralia , Illinois , the geographical center of population according to the census . +A special grandstand , protected by awnings from the midsummer sun of Illinois , should be erected for occupancy by honored guests , who should include the ambassadors of all those new African nations as yet not quite convinced that the United States is thoroughly civilized . +The band should play the Rogues' March as a processional , switching to `` Hail Columbia , Happy Land '' ! ! +As the trap is sprung . +

+

Independence Day is the appropriate date as a symbolical reminder of the American article of faith that governments are instituted among men to secure to them certain inalienable rights , the first of which is life , and when any government becomes subversive of that end , it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it . +The highway system is an agency of government , and when it grinds up 40,000 Americans every year the government is destroying its own taxpayers , which is obviously a silly thing for any government to do . +

+

Hanging the responsible officials would not abolish the government , but would emphasize its accountability for the lives of its individual citizens , which would certainly alter it , and definitely for the better . +Moreover , the salubrious effects would not be exclusively political , but at least partially , and perhaps primarily social . +It would challenge sharply not the cult of the motor car itself but some of its ancillary beliefs and practices -- for instance , the doctrine that the fulfillment of life consists in proceeding from hither to yon , not for any advantage to be gained by arrival but merely to avoid the cardinal sin of stasis , or , as it is generally termed , staying put . +

+

True , the adherents of staying put are now reduced to a minor , even a miniscule sect , and their credo , `` Home-keeping hearts are happiest '' , is as disreputable as Socinianism . +Nonetheless , although few in number they are a stubborn crew , as tenacious of life as the Hardshell Baptists , which suggests that there is some kind of vital principle embodied in their faith . +Perhaps there is more truth than we are wont to admit in the conviction of that ornament of Tarheelia , Robert Ruark's grandfather , who was persuaded that the great curse of the modern world is `` all this gallivantin' '' . +

+

In any event , the yearly sacrifice of 40,000 victims is a hecatomb too large to be justified by the most ardent faith . +Somehow our contemporary Moloch must be induced to see reason . +Since appeals to morality , to humanity , and to sanity have had such small effect , perhaps our last recourse is the deterrent example . +If we make it established custom that whenever butchery on the highways grows excessive , say beyond 25,000 per annum , then somebody is going to hang , it follows that the more eminent the victim , the more impressive the lesson . +To hang 50 Governors might be preferable except that they are not directly related to the highways ; ; +so , all things considered , the highway commissioners would seem to be elected . +As the new clouds of radioactive fallout spread silently and invisibly around the earth , the Soviet Union stands guilty of a monstrous crime against the human race . +But the guilt is shared by the United States , Britain and France , the other members of the atomic club . +Until Moscow resumed nuclear testing last September 1 , the US and UK had released more than twice as much radiation into the atmosphere as the Russians , and the fallout from the earlier blasts is still coming down . +As it descends , the concentration of radioactivity builds up in the human body ; ; +for a dose of radiation is not like a flu virus which causes temporary discomfort and then dies . +The effect of radiation is cumulative over the years -- and on to succeeding generations . +So , while we properly inveigh against the new poisoning , history is not likely to justify the pose of righteousness which some in the West were so quick to assume when Mr. Khrushchev made his cynical and irresponsible threat . +Shock , dismay and foreboding for future generations were legitimate reactions ; ; +a holier-than-thou sermon was not . +

+

On October 19 , after the Soviets had detonated at least 20 nuclear devices , Ambassador Stevenson warned the UN General Assembly that this country , in `` self protection '' , might have to resume above-ground tests . +More recently , the chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission , Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg , `` admitted '' to a news conference in Las Vegas , Nevada , that the US might fall behind Russia ( he apparently meant in weapons development ) if the Soviets continue to test in the atmosphere while we abstain . +The trial balloons are afloat . +

+

All of which makes it more imperative than ever that the biological and genetic effects of fallout be understood . +But for the average citizen , unfortunately , this is one of science's worst-marked channels , full of tricky currents and unknown depths . +The scientists , in and out of government , do not agree on some of the most vital points , at least publicly . +On the one hand , the Public Health Service declared as recently as October 26 that present radiation levels resulting from the Soviet shots `` do not warrant undue public concern '' or any action to limit the intake of radioactive substances by individuals or large population groups anywhere in the Aj . +But the PHS conceded that the new radioactive particles `` will add to the risk of genetic effects in succeeding generations , and possibly to the risk of health damage to some people in the United States '' . +Then it added : `` It is not possible to determine how extensive these ill effects will be -- nor how many people will be affected '' . +

+

Having hedged its bets in this way , PHS apparently decided it would be possible to make some sort of determination after all : `` At present radiation levels , and even at somewhat higher levels , the additional risk is slight and very few people will be affected '' . +Then , to conclude on an indeterminate note : `` Nevertheless , if fallout increased substantially , or remained high for a long time , it would become far more important as a potential health hazard in this country and throughout the world '' . +

+

Dr. Linus Pauling , a Nobel Prize winner in chemistry , has been less ambiguous , whether you choose to agree with him or not . +After declaring , in an article last month in Frontier Magazine , that the Russian testing `` carries with it the possibility of the most tragic consequences of any action in the history of the world '' , he gave this estimate of the biologic and genetic consequences if the new Soviet shots totaled 200 megatons : +

+

The damage to human germ plasm would be such that in the next few generations 160,000 children around the world would be born with gross physical or mental defects . +Long-lived carbon-14 from the fusion process would cause four million embryonic , neonatal or childhood deaths and stillbirths over the next 20 generations , and between 200,000 and one million human beings now living would have their lives cut short by radiation-produced diseases such as leukemia . +Most of these would be in the Northern Hemisphere , where the fallout is concentrating . +Pauling's estimate of 200 megatons yield from the present series of Russian tests will probably turn out to be too high , but a total of 100 megatons is a distinct possibility . +

+

The lack of scientific unanimity on the effects of radiation is due in part to insufficient data covering large population groups , from which agreed-on generalizations could be drawn . +But more than one conscientious researcher has been inhibited from completely frank discussion of the available evidence by the less excusable fact that fallout has been made a political issue as well as a scientific problem . +Its dangerous effects have been downgraded to the public by some who believe national security requires further testing . +An illustration of this attitude is found in John A. McCone's letter to Dr. Thomas Lauritsen , reported in a note elsewhere in this issue of The New Republic . +

+

To this day the Atomic Energy Commission shies away from discussing the health aspects of fallout . +A recent study on radiation exposure by the AEC's division of biology and medicine stated : `` The question of the biological effect of ( radiation ) doses is not considered '' herein . +Of course , the AEC is in a bind now . +If it comes down too hard on the potential dangers of fallout , it will box the President on resuming atmospheric tests . +So the Commission's announcements of the new Soviet shots have been confined to one or two bleak sentences , with the fission yield usually left vague . +

+

Now , of course , that the Russians are the nuclear villains , radiation is a nastier word than it was in the mid , when the US was testing in the atmosphere . +The prevailing official attitude then seemed to be that fallout , if not exactly good for you , might not be much worse than a bad cold . +After a nuclear blast , one bureaucrat suggested in those halcyon days , about all you had to do was haul out the broom and sweep off your sidewalks and roof . +Things aren't that simple anymore . +Yet if Washington gets too indignant about Soviet fallout , it will have to do a lot of fast footwork if America decides it too must start pushing up the radiation count . +

+

How much fallout will we get ? ? +

+

As of October 25 , the AEC had reported 24 shots in the new Soviet series , 12 of them in a megaton range , including a super bomb with a yield of 30 to 50 megatons ( the equivalent of 30 million to 50 million tons of TNT ) ; ; +and President Kennedy indicated there were one or two more than those reported . +

+

Assuming the lower figure for the big blast and one shot estimated by the Japanese at 10 megatons , a conservative computation is that the 24 announced tests produced a total yield of at least 60 megatons . +Some government scientists say privately that the figure probably is closer to 80 megatons , and that the full 50-megaton bomb that Khrushchev mentioned may still be detonated . +

+

If the new Soviet series has followed the general pattern of previous Russian tests , the shots were roughly half fission and half fusion , meaning a fission yield of 30 to 40 megatons thus far . +To this must be added the 90 to 92 megatons of fission yield produced between the dawn of the atomic age in 1945 and the informal three-power test moratorium that began in November , 1958 . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/b25.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/b25.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d6dcaaf3c9e9eda5bc54f8e656b2f06c738f22f --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/b25.xml @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +Sample B25 from The Nation, 193: 16 (November 11, 1961), 370-373 "Walkout in Moscow" by A. Werth + "The Armed Superpatriots" by Peter W. Salsich, Jr. +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,021 words 155 (7.7%) quotes 3 symbolsB25

Used by permission of The Nation

 The Nation, 193: 16 (November 11, 1961), 370-373

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The most surprising thing about the Twenty-second Congress of the Soviet Communist Party is that it is surprising -- perhaps quite as much , in its own way , as the Twentieth Congress of 1956 , which ended with that famous `` secret '' report on Stalin . +The publication last July of the party's Draft Program -- that blueprint for the `` transition to communism '' -- had led the uninitiated to suppose that this Twenty-second Congress would be a sort of apotheosis of the Khrushchev regime , a solemn consecration of ideas which had , in fact , been current over the last three or four years ( i.e. , since the defeat of the `` anti-party group '' ) in all theoretical party journals . +These never ceased to suggest that if , in the eyes of Marx and Lenin `` full communism '' was still a very distant ideal , the establishment of a Communist society had now , under Khrushchev , become an `` immediate and tangible reality '' . +It seems that Khrushchev himself took a very special pride in having made a world-shaking contribution to Marxist doctrine with his Draft Program ( a large part of his twelve-hour speech at the recent Congress was , in fact , very largely a rehash of that interminable document ) . +He and other Soviet leaders responsible for the document were proud of having brought forward some new formulas , such as the early replacement of the dictatorship of the proletariat by an `` All People's State '' , and also of having laid down the lines for a much greater `` democratization '' of the whole hierarchy of Soviets , starting with the Supreme Soviet itself . +Their plan for rotation of leaders promised a salutary blow at `` bureaucracy '' and would enable `` the people '' to take a more direct and active part in running the country . +Also , elections would be more democratic ; ; +there might even be two or more candidates for voters to choose from . +

+

No doubt , there was still a lot in the Draft Program -- and in Khrushchev's speech -- which left many points obscure . +Was it the party's intention , for example , to abolish gradually the kolkhoz system and replace it by uniformly wage-earning kolkhozes , i.e. , state farms ( which were , moreover , to be progressively `` urbanized '' ) ? ? +As we know , the Soviet peasant today still very largely thrives on being able to sell the produce grown on his private plot ; ; +and it is still very far from certain how valid the party's claim is that in `` a growing number of kolkhozes '' the peasants are finding it more profitable , to surrender their private plots to the kolkhoz and to let the latter be turned into something increasingly like a state farm . +If one follows the reports of the Congress , one finds that there still seems considerable uncertainty in the minds of the leaders themselves about what exactly to do in this matter . +

+

The Draft Program was interesting in other respects , too . +It contained , for example , a number of curious admissions about the peasants , who enjoy no sickness benefits , no old-age pensions , no paid holidays ; ; +they still benefit far less than the `` other '' 50 per cent of the nation from that `` welfare state '' which the Soviet Union so greatly prides itself on being . +

+

Over all these fairly awkward problems Khrushchev was to skate rather lightly ; ; +and , though he repeated , over and over again , the spectacular figures of industrial and agricultural production in 1980 , the `` ordinary '' people in Russia are still a little uncertain as to how `` communism '' is really going to work in practice , especially in respect of food . +Would agriculture progress as rapidly as industry ? ? +This was something on which K. himself seemed to have some doubts ; ; +for he kept on threatening that he would `` pull the ears '' of those responsible for agricultural production . +And , as we know , the Virgin Lands are not producing as much as Khrushchev had hoped . +

+

One cannot but wonder whether these doubts about the success of Khrushchev's agricultural policy have not at least something to do with one of the big surprises provided by this Congress -- the obsessive harping on the crimes and misdeeds of the `` anti-party group '' -- Molotov , Malenkov , Kaganovich and others -- including the eighty-year-old Marshal Voroshilov . +Molotov , in particular , is being charged with all kinds of sins -- especially with wanting to cut down free public services , to increase rents and fares ; ; +in fact , with having been against all the more popular features of the Khrushchev `` welfare state '' . +The trouble with all these doctrinal quarrels is that we hear only one side of the story : what , in the secret councils of the Kremlin , Molotov had really proposed , we just don't know , and he has had no chance to reply . +

+

But one cannot escape the suspicion that all this non-stop harping on the misdeeds of the long liquidated `` anti-party '' group would be totally unnecessary if there were not , inside the party , some secret but genuine opposition to Khrushchev on vital doctrinal grounds , on the actual methods to be employed in the `` transition to communism '' and , last but not least , on foreign policy . +

+

The whole problem of `` peaceful coexistence and peaceful competition '' with the capitalist world is in the very center of this Congress . +Mikoyan declared : +

+

`` Molotov altogether rejects the line of peaceful coexistence , reducing this concept merely to the state of peace or rather , the absence of war at a given moment , and to a denial of the possibility of averting a world war . +His views , in fact , coincide with those of foreign enemies of peaceful coexistence , who look upon it merely as a variant of the `` cold war '' or of an `` armed peace '' . +

+

One cannot help wondering whether Molotov and the rest of the `` anti-party group '' are not being used as China's whipping-boys by Khrushchev and his faithful followers . +For something , clearly , has gone very , very seriously wrong in Soviet-Chinese relations , which were never easy , and have now deteriorated . +

+

The effect of Chou En-lai's clash with Khrushchev , together with the everlasting attacks on Molotov & Co. , has shifted the whole attention of the world , including that of the Soviet people , from the `` epoch-making '' twenty-year program to the present Soviet-Chinese conflict . +Not only , as we know , did Chou En-lai publicly treat Khrushchev's attack on Albania as `` something that we cannot consider as a serious Marxist-Leninist approach '' to the problem ( i.e. , as something thoroughly dictatorial and `` undemocratic '' ) , but the Albanian leaders went out of their way to be openly abusive to Khrushchev , calling him a liar , a bully , and so on . +It is extremely doubtful that the handful of Albanians who call themselves Communists could have done this without the direct approval of their Chinese friends . +The big question is whether , in the name of a restored Chinese-Soviet solidarity , the Chinese will choose to persuade the Albanians to present their humble apologies to Khrushchev -- or get rid of Enver Hoxa . +These seem about the only two ways in which the `` unhappy incident '' can now be closed . +

+

But Albania is merely a symptom of a real malaise between China and Russia . +There are other symptoms . +Khrushchev , for all his bombastic prophecies about the inevitable decay of capitalism , is genuinely favorable to `` peaceful coexistence '' and would like , above all , the Berlin and German problems to be settled peacefully ; ; +he knows that he was never more popular than at the time of the Russo-American `` honeymoon '' of 1959 . +But it seems that pressures against him are coming from somewhere -- in the first place from China , but perhaps also from that `` China Lobby '' which , I was assured in Moscow nearly two years ago , exists on the quiet inside the party . +To these people , solidarity and unity with China should be the real basis of Russia's future policy . +And the Chinese , as the Albanian incident shows , have strong suspicions that Khrushchev is anxious to secure a `` shameful '' peace with the West . +The fact that China ( which is obsessed by Formosa -- to Khrushchev a very small matter ) should be supported by North Korea and North Vietnam is highly indicative . +And one cannot but wonder whether Marshal Malinovsky , who was blowing hot and cold , exalting peace but also almost openly considering the possibility of preventive war against the West , wasn't trying to keep the Chinese quiet . +And this brings us inevitably to the 30- or 50-megaton bomb . +Was not this dropped primarily in order to `` appease '' the Chinese -- especially after `` Khrushchev's `` humiliating '' surrender to the West in canceling the German peace-treaty deadline of December 31 ? ? +

+

What does it all add up to ? ? +Indications are that Khrushchev ( and , with him , the bulk of the Soviet people ) favor peaceful coexistence and ( with the exception of Berlin ) the maintenance of the status quo in the world . +The Chinese , North Vietnamese and North Koreans , on the other hand , feel that , militarily , Russia is strong enough to support them in the `` just wars of liberation '' they would like to embark on before long : with China attacking Formosa and the North Koreans and North Vietnamese liberating the southern half of their respective countries . +

+

Perhaps Khrushchev is in a more difficult position than any since 1957 , when the `` anti-party group '' nearly liquidated him . +He seems strong enough inside the party to cope with any internal opposition ; ; +but if he is up against China's crusading spirit in world affairs , he is going to be faced with the most agonizing choice in his life . +He may support China ( but he won't ) ; ; +he may break with China ( which would be infernally difficult and perhaps disastrous ) , or he may succeed , by all kinds of dangerous concessions , in persuading China to be patient . +The next days may show where things stand . +On a misty Sunday morning last month , a small band of militant anti-Communists called the Minutemen held maneuvers in a foggy field about fifteen miles east of here . +Eleven men , a woman and a teen-age boy tramped over cold , damp , fog-enshrouded ground during a two-hour field drill in the problems of guerrilla warfare . +

+

To the average American , this must sound like an incredible tale from a Saturday night TV movie . +But to the Minutemen , this is a serious business . +They feel that the United States is engaged in a life-and-death struggle with communism for survival and world supremacy . +They feel that World War 3 , has already begun , and they are setting themselves up as a `` last line of defense '' against the Communist advance . +

+

Their national leader , Robert Bolivar DePugh of Norborne , Mo. , says the Minutemen believe that guerrilla tactics are best suited to defeat the Red onslaught . +In their maneuvers last month , they wore World War 2 , camouflage garb and helmets , and carried unloaded M-1 rifles . +

+

The maneuvers were held `` in secret '' after a regional seminar for the Minutemen , held in nearby Shiloh , Ill. , had been broken up the previous day by deputy sheriffs , who had arrested regional leader Richard Lauchli of Collinsville , Ill. , and seized four operative weapons , including a Browning machine gun , two Browning automatic rifles and an M-4 rifle . +

+

Undismayed by this contretemps , a small band of the faithful gathered at Lauchli's home at 6:30 A.M. the next day , put on their uniforms , and headed for a farm several miles away . +A 60 mm. mortar and a 57 mm. recoilless rifle owned by Lauchli were brought along . +The mortar was equipped with dummy shells and the recoilless rifle was deactivated . +

+

After a tortuous drive in an open truck and a World War 2 , army jeep down soggy trails , the band arrived at a small clearing squeezed between a long , low ridge and a creek-filled gully . +Here the two leaders , DePugh and Lauchli , hastened to put the group through its paces . +

+

The Minutemen were instructed in the use of terrain for concealment . +They were shown how to advance against an enemy outpost atop a cleared ridge . +They practiced movement behind a smoke screen laid by smoke grenades ; ; +and they attempted a skirmish line of advance against a camouflaged enemy encampment . +Eleven dummy rounds were fired by Lauchli in a demonstration of rapid-fire mortar shooting . +

+

Mrs. DePugh , the mother of five children and an active member of her husband's organization , participated in all the exercises . +

+

There were no `` casualties '' , but the `` guerrillas '' admitted to being `` a little tired '' when the leaders called a halt at 9 A.M. to enable out-of-town members to catch a plane . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/c03.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/c03.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8f047562be27034dd89a78239b76b8acb770e85b --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/c03.xml @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +Sample C03 from The New York Times + November 17, 1961, "D'Albert Plays Violin..." + November 17, 1961, p.38 "Music: Anna Xydis, Pianist" by Rose Parmenter + P. 33 "Books of the times" By Orville Prescott + November 16, 1961, p.44 "Texas Boys Choir" +"Dance: An Engaging Polish" by John Martin +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,048 words 299 (14.6%) quotes 4 symbolsC03

Copyright 1961 by The New York Times Company. Reprinted by permission

 The New York Times +

Arbitrary No Hyphen: airdrops [1080]Typographical Errors: Brahm's [for Brahms'or Brahms's] [0120] Geroge [for George] [1350]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Francois D'Albert , Hungarian-born violinist who made his New York debut three years ago , played a return engagement last night in Judson Hall . +He is now president of the Chicago Conservatory College . +His pianist was Donald Jenni , a faculty member at DePaul University . +

+

The acoustics of the small hall had been misgauged by the artists , so that for the first half of the program , when the piano was partially open , Mr. Jenni's playing was too loud . +In vying with him , Mr. D'Albert also seemed to be overdriving his tone . +

+

This was not an overriding drawback to enjoyment of the performances , however , except in the case of the opening work , Mozart's Sonata in A ( K. 526 ) , which clattered along noisily in an unrelieved fashion . +

+

Brahm's Sonata in A , although also vigorous , stood up well under the two artists' strong , large-scale treatment . +Mr. D'Albert has a firm , attractive tone , which eschews an overly sweet vibrato . +He made the most of the long Brahmsian phrases , and by the directness and drive of his playing gave the work a handsome performance . +

+

A Sonata For Violin And Piano , called `` Bella Bella '' , by Robert Fleming , was given its first United States performance . +The title refers to the nickname given his wife by the composer , who is also a member of the National Film Board of Canada . +The work's two movements , one melodically sentimental , the other brightly capricious , are clever enough in a Ravel-like style , but they rehash a wornout idiom . +They might well indicate conjugal felicity , but in musical terms that smack of Hollywood . +

+

Works by Dohnanyi , Hubay , Mr. D'Albert himself and Paganini , indicated that the violinist had some virtuoso fireworks up his sleeve as well as a reserved attitude toward a lyric phrase . +Standard items by Sarasate and Saint-Saens completed the program . +

+

In recent years Anna Xydis has played with the New York Philharmonic and at Lewisohn Stadium , but her program last night at Town Hall was the Greek-born pianist's first New York recital since 1948 . +

+

Miss Xydis has a natural affinity for the keyboard , and in the twenty years since her debut here she has gained the authority and inner assurance that lead to audience control . +And the tone she commands is always beautiful in sound . +

+

Since she also has considerable technical virtuosity and a feeling for music in the romantic tradition , Miss Xydis gave her listeners a good deal of pleasure . +She played with style and a touch of the grand manner , and every piece she performed was especially effective in its closing measures . +

+

The second half of her program was devoted to Russian composers of this century . +It was in them that Miss Xydis was at her best . +The Rachmaninoff Prelude No. 12 , Op. 32 , for instance , gave her an opportunity to exploit one of her special facilities -- the ability to produce fine deep-sounding bass tones while contrasting them simultaneously with fine silver filagree in the treble . +

+

The four Kabalevsky Preludes were also assured , rich in color and songful . +And the Prokofieff Seventh Sonata had the combination of romanticism and modern bravura that Prokofieff needs . +

+

Miss Xydis' earlier selections were Mendelssohn's Variations Serieuses , in which each variation was nicely set off from the others ; ; +Haydn's Sonata in E minor , which was unfailingly pleasant in sound , and Chopin's Sonata in B flat minor . +A memory lapse in the last somewhat marred the pianist's performance . +So , what was the deepest music on her program had the poorest showing . +Miss Xydis was best when she did not need to be too probing . +

+

All the generals who held important commands in World War 2 , did not write books . +It only seems as if they did . +And the best books by generals were not necessarily the first ones written . +One of the very best is only now published in this country , five years after its first publication in England . +It is `` Defeat Into Victory '' , by Field Marshal Viscount Slim . +

+

A long book heavily weighted with military technicalities , in this edition it is neither so long nor so technical as it was originally . +Field Marshal Slim has abridged it for the benefit of `` those who , finding not so great an attraction in accounts of military moves and counter-moves , are more interested in men and their reactions to stress , hardship and danger '' . +The man whose reactions and conclusions get the most space is , of course , the Field Marshal himself . +

+

William Joseph Slim , First Viscount Slim , former Governor General of Australia , was the principal British commander in the field during the Burma War . +He had been a corps commander during the disastrous defeat and retreat of 1942 when the ill-prepared , ill-equipped British forces `` were outmaneuvered , outfought and outgeneraled '' . +He returned in command of an international army of Gurkhas , Indians , Africans , Chinese and British . +And in a series of bitterly fought battles in the jungles and hills and along the great rivers of Burma he waged one of the most brilliant campaigns of the war . +`` The Forgotten War '' his soldiers called the Burma fighting because the war in Africa and Europe enjoyed priorities in equipment and in headlines . +

+

Parts of `` Defeat Into Victory '' are a tangle of Burmese place names and military units , but a little application makes everything clear enough . +On the whole this is an interesting and exceptionally well-written book . +Field Marshal Slim is striking in description , amusing in many anecdotes . +He has a pleasant sense of humor and is modest enough to admit mistakes and even `` a cardinal error '' . +He praises many individuals generously . +He himself seems to be tough , tireless , able and intelligent , more intellectual and self-critical than most soldiers . +

+

Remaking an army to win +`` Defeat Into Victory '' is a dramatic and lively military narrative . +But it is most interesting in its account of the unending problems of high command , of decisions and their reasons , of the myriad matters that demand attention in addition to battle action . +

+

Before he could return to Burma , Field Marshal Slim had to rally the defeated remnants of a discouraged army and unite them with fresh recruits . +His remarks about training , discipline , morale , leadership and command are enlightening . +He believed in making inspiring speeches and he made a great many . +He believed in being seen near the front lines and he was there . +For general morale reasons and to encourage the efforts of his supply officers , when food was short for combat troops he cut the rations of his headquarters staff accordingly . +

+

Other crucial matters required constant supervision : labor and all noncombatant troops , whose morale was vital , too ; ; +administrative organization and delicate diplomatic relations with Top Brass -- British , American and Chinese ; ; +health , hygiene , medical aid and preventive medicine ; ; +hospitals ( inadequate ) and nurses ( scanty ) ; ; +food and military supplies ; ; +logistics and transport ; ; +airdrops and airstrips ; ; +roads and river barges to be built . +

+

Expected of a commander +Commenting on these and other matters , Field Marshal Slim makes many frank and provocative remarks : +

+

`` When in doubt as to two courses of action , a general should choose the bolder '' . +

+

`` The commander has failed in his duty if he has not won victory -- for that is his duty '' . +

+

`` It only does harm to talk to troops about new and desirable equipment which others may have but which you cannot give them . +It depresses them . +So I made no mention of air transport until we could get at least some of it '' . +

+

Field Marshal Slim is more impressed by the courage of Japanese soldiers than he is by the ability of their commanders . +Of the Japanese private he says : `` He fought and marched till he died . +If 500 Japanese were ordered to hold a position , we had to kill 495 before it was ours -- and then the last five killed themselves '' . +

+

Brooding about future wars , the Field Marshal has this to say : `` The Asian fighting man is at least equally brave ( as the white ) , usually more careless of death , less encumbered by mental doubts , less troubled by humanitarian sentiment , and not so moved by slaughter and mutilation around him . +He is , by background and living standards , better fitted to endure hardship uncomplainingly , to demand less in the way of subsistence or comfort , and to look after himself when thrown on his own resources '' . +

+

A bunch of young buckaroos from out West , who go by the name of Texas Boys Choir , loped into Town Hall last night and succeeded in corralling the hearts of a sizable audience . +

+

Actually , the program they sang was at least two-thirds serious and high-minded , and they sang it beautifully . +Under the capable direction of the choir's founder , Geroge Bragg , the twenty-six boys made some lovely sounds in an opening group of Renaissance and Baroque madrigals and motets , excerpts from Pergolesi's `` Stabat Mater '' and all of the Britten `` Ceremonial Of Carols '' . +

+

Their singing was well-balanced , clear and , within obvious limitations , extremely pleasing . +The limitations are those one expects from untrained and unsettled voices -- an occasional shrillness of almost earsplitting intensity , an occasional waver and now and then a bleat . +

+

But Mr. Bragg is a remarkably gifted conductor , and the results he has produced with his boys are generally superior . +Most surprising of all , he has accomplished some prodigies in training for the production of words . +The Latin , for example , was not only clear ; ; +it was even beautiful . +

+

Furthermore , there were solid musical virtues in the interpretation of the music . +Lines came out neatly and in good balance . +Tempos were lively . +The piano accompaniments by Istvan Szelenyi were stylish . +

+

A boy soprano named Dixon Boyd sang a Durante solo motet and a few other passages enchantingly . +Other capable soloists included David Clifton , Joseph Schockler and Pat Thompson . +

+

The final group included folk songs from back home , stomped out , shouted and chanted with irresistible spirit and in cowboy costume . +Boys will be boys , and Texans will be Texans . +The combination proved quite irresistible last night . +

+

The Polish song and dance company called Mazowsze , after the region of Poland , where it has its headquarters , opened a three-week engagement at the City Center last night . +A thoroughly ingratiating company it is , and when the final curtain falls you may suddenly realize that you have been sitting with a broad grin on your face all evening . +

+

Not that it is all funny , by any means , though some of it is definitely so , but simply that the dancers are young and handsome , high-spirited and communicative , and the program itself is as vivacious as it is varied . +There is no use at all in trying to follow it dance by dance and title by title , for it has a kind of nonstop format , and moves along in an admirable continuity that demands no pauses for identification . +

+

The material is all basically of folk origin , gleaned from every section of Poland . +But under the direction of Mira Ziminska-Sygietynska , who with her late husband founded the organization in 1948 , it has all been put into theatrical form , treated selectively , choreographed specifically for presentation to spectators , and performed altogether professionally . +Under the surface of the wide range of folk movements is apparent a sound technical ballet training , and an equally professional sense of performing . +

+

Since the organization was created thirteen years ago , it is obvious that this is not the original company ; ; +it is more likely the sons and daughters of that company . +The girls are charming children and the men are wonderfully vital and engaging youngsters . +The stage is constantly full of them ; ; +indeed , there are never fewer than eight of them on stage , and that is only for the more intimate numbers . +They can be exuberant or sentimental , flirtatious or funny , but the only thing they seem unable to be is dull . +

+

To pick out particular numbers is something of a problem , but one or two identifiable items are too conspicuously excellent to be missed . +There is , for example , a stunning Krakowiak that closes the first act ; ; +the mazurka choreographed by Witold Zapala to music from Moniuszko's opera , `` Strasny Dwor' , may be the most beautiful mazurka you are likely ever to see ; ; +there is an enchanting polonaise ; ; +and the dances and songs from the Tatras contain a magnificent dance for the men . +

+

Everywhere there are little touches of humor , and the leader of the on-stage band of musicians is an ebullient comedian who plays all sorts of odd instruments with winning warmth . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/c04.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/c04.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..411e3dc14a4a0c1f2f45dc831e20a97a82f0fe1a --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/c04.xml @@ -0,0 +1,162 @@ +Sample C04 from The Providence Journal + July 4, 1961, "Theatre by the Sea" by George H. Arris +"Newport Playhouse" by Ted Holmberg +"Warwick Musical Theater" by George Troy + March 11, 1961, "Passed in Review" by Bradford F. Swan + March 3, 1961, "Before the House" by Bradford F. Swan +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,030 words 78 (3.8%) quotes 1 symbolC04

Used by permission of The Providence Journal

 The Providence Journal +

Arbitrary Hyphen: finger-tips [0390]ward-heelers [1330]Arbitrary No Hyphens: penthouse [1360]Typographical Errors: fiedgling [0130]youngsters [for youngster] [0240]as an appealing an Amy [0810]fugual [1300]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The Theatre-by-the-Sea , Matunuck , presents `` King Of Hearts '' by Jean Kerr and Eleanor Brooke . +Directed by Michael Murray ; ; +settings by William David Roberts . +The cast : +

+

Producer John Holmes has chosen a delightful comedy for his season's opener at Matunuck in Jean Kerr's `` King Of Hearts '' . +

+

The dialogue is sharp , witty and candid -- typical `` don't eat the daisies '' material -- which has stamped the author throughout her books and plays , and it was obvious that the Theatre-by-the-Sea audience liked it . +

+

The story is of a famous strip cartoonist , an arty individual , whose specialty is the American boy and who adopts a 10-year-old to provide him with fresh idea material . +

+

This is when his troubles begin , not to mention a fledgling artist who he hires , and who turns out to have ideas of his own , with particular respect to the hero's sweetheart-secretary . +

+

John Heffernan , playing Larry Larkin , the cartoonist , carries the show in marvelous fashion . +His portrayal of an edgy head-in-the-clouds artist is virtually flawless . +

+

This may be unfortunate , perhaps , from the standpoint of David Hedison , Providence's contribution to Hollywood , who is appearing by special arrangement with 20th Century-Fox . +Not that Mr. Hedison does not make the most of his role . +He does , and more . +But the book is written around a somewhat dizzy cartoonist , and it has to be that way . +

+

A word should be said for Gary Morgan , a Broadway youngster who , as the adopted son , makes life miserable for nearly everybody and Larkin in particular . +And for his playmate , Francis Coletta of West Warwick , who has a bit part , Billy . +

+

On the whole , audiences will like this performance . +It is a tremendous book , lively , constantly moving , and the Matunuck cast does well by it . +

+

The Newport Playhouse presents `` Epitaph For George Dillon '' by John Osborne and Anthony Creighton , directed by Wallace Gray . +

+

The cast : +

+

The angriest young man in Newport last night was at the Playhouse , where `` Epitaph For George Dillon '' opened as the jazz festival closed . +

+

For the hero of this work by John Osborne and Anthony Creighton is a chap embittered by more than the lack of beer during a jam session . +He's mad at a world he did not make . +

+

Furthermore , he's something of a scoundrel , an artist whose mind and feelings are all finger-tips . +This is in contrast to the family with whom he boards . +They not only think and feel cliches but live cliches as well . +

+

It is into this household , one eroded by irritations that have tortured the souls out of its people , that George Dillon enters at the beginning of the play . +

+

An unsuccessful playwright and actor , he has faith only in himself and in a talent he is not sure exists . +By the end of the third act , the artist is dead but the body lingers on , a shell among other shells . +

+

Not altogether a successful play , `` Epitaph For George Dillon '' overcomes through sheer vitality and power what in a lesser work might be crippling . +It is awfully talky , for instance , and not all of the talk is terribly impressive . +But it strikes sparks on occasion and their light causes all else to be forgotten . +

+

There is a fine second act , as an example , one in which Samuel Groom , as Dillon , has an opportunity to blaze away in one impassioned passage after another . +This is an exciting young actor to watch . +

+

Just as exciting but in a more technically proficient way is Laura Stuart , whose complete control of her every movement is lovely to watch . +Miss Stuart is as intensely vibrant as one could wish , almost an icy shriek threatening to explode at any moment . +

+

Also fine are Sue Lawless , as a mother more protective and belligerent than a female spider and just as destructive , Harold Cherry , as her scratchy spouse , and Hildy Weissman , as a vegetable in human form . +

+

Wallace Gray has directed a difficult play here , usually well , but with just a bit too much physical movement in the first act for my taste . +Still , his finale is put together with taste and a most sensitive projection of that pale sustenance , despair . +

+

The Warwick Musical Theater presents `` Where's Charley ? ? +'' With music and lyrics by Frank Loesser , directed by Christopher Hewett , choreography by Peter Conlow , musical direction by Samuel Matlowsky . +The cast : +

+

Everybody fell in love with Amy again last night at the Warwick Musical Theater , and Shelley Berman was to blame . +

+

One of the finest soft shoe tunes ever invented , `` Once In Love With Amy '' is also , of course , one of the most tantalizingly persistent of light love lyrics to come out of American musical comedy in our era . +So the audience last night was all ears and eyes just after Act 2 , got a rousing opening chorus , `` Where's Charley ? ? +'' , and Berman sifted out all alone on the stage with the ambling chords and beat of the song just whispering into being . +

+

It is greatly to Berman's credit that he made no attempt to outdo Ray Bolger . +He dropped his earlier and delightful hamming , which is about the only way to handle the old war horse called `` Charley's Aunt '' , and let himself go with as appealing an `` Amy '' as anybody could ask . +

+

In brief , Berman played himself and not Bolger . +The big audience started applauding even before he had finished . +

+

The whole production this week is fresh and lively . +The costumes are stunning evocations of the voluminous gowns and picture hats of the Gibson Girl days . +The ballet work is on the nose , especially in the opening number by `` The New Ashmolean Marching Society and Students' Conservatory Band '' , along with a fiery and sultry Brazilian fantasia later . +

+

Berman , whose fame has rested in recent years on his skills as a night club monologist , proved himself very much at home in musical comedy . +

+

Sparrow-size Virginia Gibson , with sparkling blue eyes and a cheerful smile , made a suitably perky Amy , while Melisande Congdon , as the real aunt , was positively monumental in the very best Gibson Girl manner . +

+

All told , `` Where's Charley ? ? +'' Ought not to be missed . +It has a fast pace , excellent music , expert direction , and not only a good comedian , but an appealing person in his own right , Mr. Berman . +

+

The Broadway Theater League of Rhode Island presents C. Edwin Knill's and Martin Tahse's production of `` Fiorello ! ! +'' At Veterans Memorial Auditorium . +The book is by Jerome Weidman and George Abbott , music by Jerry Bock , lyrics by Sheldon Harnick , choreography by Peter Gennaro , scenery , costumes and lighting by William and Jean Eckart , musical direction by Jack Elliott , and the production was directed by Mr. Abbott . +The cast : +

+

This is one of the happier events of the season . +

+

The company which performed the Pulitzer Prize musical here last night and will repeat it twice today is full of bounce , the politicians are in fine voice , the chorines evoke happy memories , and the Little Flower rides to break a lance again . +

+

I saw `` Fiorello ! ! +'' Performed in New York by the original cast and I think this company is every bit as good , and perhaps better . +

+

Certainly in the matter of principals there is nothing lacking . +Bob Carroll may not bear quite as close a physical resemblance to LaGuardia as Tom Bosley does , but I was amazed at the way he became more and more Fiorello as the evening progressed , until one had to catch one's self up and remember that this wasn't really LaGuardia come back among us again . +

+

Then Rudy Bond was simply grand as Ben , the distraught Republican Party district chieftain . +And Paul Lipson , as Morris , the faithful one who never gets home to his Shirley's dinner , was fine , too . +

+

As for the ladies , they were full of charm , and sincerity , and deep and abiding affection for this hurrying driving , honest , little man . +Charlotte Fairchild was excellent as the loyal Marie , who became the second Mrs. LaGuardia , singing and acting with remarkable conviction . +Jen Nelson , as Thea , his first wife , managed to make that short role impressive . +And little Zeme North , a Dora with real spirit and verve , was fascinating whether she was singing of her love for Floyd , the cop who becomes sewer commissioner and then is promoted into garbage , or just dancing to display her exuberant feelings . +

+

Such fascinating novelties in the score as the fugual treatment of `` On The Side Of The Angels '' and `` Politics And Poker '' were handled splendidly , and I thought Rudy Bond and his band of tuneful ward-heelers made `` Little Tin Box '' even better than it was done by the New York cast ; ; +all the words of its clever lyrics came through with perfect clarity . +

+

The party at Floyd's penthouse gave the `` chorines '' a chance for a nostalgic frolic through all those hackneyed routines which have become a classic choreographic statement of the era's nonsense . +

+

LaGuardia's multi-lingual rallies , when he is running for Congress , are well staged , and wind up in a wild Jewish folk-dance that is really great musical theater . +

+

Martin Tahse has established quite a reputation for himself as a successful stager of touring productions . +Not a corner has been visibly cut in this one . +The sets are remarkably elaborate for a road-show that doesn't pause long in any one place , and they are devised so that they shift with a minimum of interruption or obtrusiveness . +( Several times recently I have wondered whether shows were being staged for the sake of the script or just to entertain the audience with the spectacle of scenery being shifted right in front of their eyes . +I'm glad to say there's none of that distraction in this `` Fiorello ! ! +

+

It has all been done in superb style , and the result is a show which deserves the support of every person hereabouts who enjoys good musical theater . +

+

Loew's theater presents `` Where The Boys Are '' , an MGM picture produced by Joe Pasternak and directed by Henry Levin from a screenplay by George Wells . +The cast : +

+

Since the hero , a sterling and upright fellow , is a rich Brown senior , while two Yalies are cast as virtual rapists , I suppose I should disqualify myself from sitting in judgment on `` Where The Boys Are '' , but I shall do nothing of the sort . +

+

Instead -- and not just to prove my objectivity -- I hasten to report that it's a highly amusing film which probably does a fairly accurate job of reporting on the Easter vacation shenanigans of collegians down in Fort Lauderdale , and that it seems to come to grips quite honestly with the moral problem that most commonly vexes youngsters in this age group -- that is to say , sex . +

+

The answers the girls give struck me as reasonably varied and healthily individual . +If most of them weren't exactly specific -- well , that's the way it is in life , I guess . +But at least it's reassuring to see some teenagers who don't profess to know all the answers and are thinking about their problems instead . +

+

`` Where The Boys Are '' also has a juvenile bounce that makes for a refreshing venture in comedy . +There are some sharp and whipping lines and some hilariously funny situations -- the best of the latter being a mass impromptu plunge into a nightclub tank where a `` mermaid '' is performing . +

+

Most of the female faces are new , or at least not too familiar . +Dolores Hart , is charming in a leading role , and quite believable . +I was delighted with Paula Prentiss' comedy performance , which was as fresh and unstilted as one's highest hopes might ask . +A couple of the males made good comedy , too -- Jim Hutton and Frank Gorshin . +

+

The only performance which was too soft for me was that of Yvette Mimieux , but since someone had to become the victim of despoilers , just to emphasize that such things do happen at these fracases , I suppose this was the attitude the part called for . +I must say , however , that I preferred the acting that had something of a biting edge to it . +

+

To anyone who remembers Newport at its less than maximum violence , this view of what the boys and girls do in the springtime before they wing north for the Jazz Festival ought to prove entertaining . +

+

The second feature , `` The Price Of Silence '' , is a British detective story that will talk your head off . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/c05.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/c05.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..038eccb2403ad04adf47923ece5ddb5a1050aa5f --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/c05.xml @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +Sample C05 from The Christian Science Monitor, April 20, 1961 + P.C7"That Adorable Genius" by Robert Peel + P.C7"Humor as a Thing..." by Ben Crisler +"Not Quite the Same" by Saville R. Davis +"Animals and Allegory..." by Earl W. Foell +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,066 words 442 (21.4%) quotes 2 symbolsC05

Used by permission of The Christian Science Monitor

 The Christian Science Monitor, April 20, 1961 +

Arbitrary Hyphen: motion-picture [0830]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The superb intellectual and spiritual vitality of William James was never more evident than in his letters . +Here was a man with an enormous gift for living as well as thinking . +To both persons and ideas he brought the same delighted interest , the same open-minded relish for what was unique in each , the same discriminating sensibility and quicksilver intelligence , the same gallantry of judgment . +

+

For this latest addition to the Great Letters Series , under the general editorship of Louis Kronenberger , Miss Hardwick has made a selection which admirably displays the variety of James's genius , not to mention the felicities of his style . +And how he could write ! ! +His famous criticism of brother Henry's `` third style '' is surely as subtly , even elegantly , worded an analysis of the latter's intricate air castles as Henry himself could ever have produced . +His letter to his daughter on the pains of growing up is surely as trenchant , forthright , and warmly understanding a piece of advice as ever a grown-up penned to a sensitive child , and with just the right tone of unpatronizing good humor . +

+

Most of all , his letters to his philosophic colleagues show a magnanimity as well as an honesty which help to explain Whitehead's reference to James as `` that adorable genius '' . +Miss Hardwick speaks of his `` superb gift for intellectual friendship '' , and it is certainly a joy to see the intellectual life lived so free from either academic aridity or passionate dogmatism . +

+

This is a virtue of which we have great need in a society where there seems to be an increasing lack of communication -- or even desire for communication -- between differing schools of thought . +It holds an equally valuable lesson for a society where the word `` intellectual '' has become a term of opprobrium to millions of well-meaning people who somehow imagine that it must be destructive of the simpler human virtues . +

+

To his Harvard colleague , Josiah Royce , whose philosophic position differed radically from his own , James could write , `` Different as our minds are , yours has nourished mine , as no other social influence ever has , and in converse with you I have always felt that my life was being lived importantly '' . +

+

Of another colleague , George Santayana , he could write : `` The great event in my life recently has been the reading of Santayana's book . +Although I absolutely reject the Platonism of it , I have literally squealed with delight at the imperturbable perfection with which the position is laid down on page after page '' . +

+

Writing to his colleague George Herbert Palmer -- `` Glorious old Palmer '' , as he addresses him -- James says that if only the students at Harvard could really understand Royce , Santayana , Palmer , and himself and see that their varying systems are `` so many religions , ways of fronting life , and worth fighting for '' , then Harvard would have a genuine philosophic universe . +`` The best condition of it would be an open conflict and rivalry of the diverse systems . +The world might ring with the struggle , if we devoted ourselves exclusively to belaboring each other '' . +

+

The `` belaboring '' is of course jocular , yet James was not lacking in fundamental seriousness -- unless we measure him by that ultimate seriousness of the great religious leader or thinker who stakes all on his vision of God . +To James this vision never quite came , despite his appreciation of it in others . +

+

But there is a dignity and even a hint of the inspired prophet in his words to one correspondent : `` You ask what I am going to ' reply ' to Bradley . +But why need one reply to everything and everybody ? ? +I think that readers generally hate minute polemics and recriminations . +All polemic of ours should , I believe , be either very broad statements of contrast , or fine points treated singly , and as far as possible impersonally . +As far as the rising generation goes , why not simply express ourselves positively , and trust that the truer view quietly will displace the other . +Here again ' God will know his own ' '' . +

+

The collected works of James Thurber , now numbering 25 volumes ( including the present exhibit ) represent a high standard of literary excellence , as every schoolboy knows . +The primitive-eclogue quality of his drawings , akin to that of graffiti scratched on a cave wall , is equally well known . +About all that remains to be said is that the present selection , most of which appeared first in The New Yorker , comprises ( as usual ) a slightly unstrung necklace , held together by little more than a slender thread cunningly inserted in the spine of the book . +

+

The one unifying note , if any , is sounded in the initial article entitled : `` How To Get Through The Day '' . +It is repeated at intervals in some rather sadly desperate word-games for insomniacs , the hospitalized , and others forced to rely on inner resources , including ( in the P's alone ) `` palindromes '' , `` paraphrases '' , and `` parodies '' . +

+

`` The Tyranny Of Trivia '' suggests arbitrary alphabetical associations to induce slumber . +And new vistas of hairshirt asceticism are opened by scholarly monographs entitled : `` Friends , Romans , Countrymen , Lend Me Your Ear-Muffs '' , `` Such a Phrase as Drifts Through Dream '' , and `` The New Vocabularianism '' . +Some of Thurber's curative methods involve strong potions of mixed metaphor , malapropism , and gobbledygook and are recommended for use only in extreme cases . +

+

A burlesque paean entitled : `` Hark The Herald Tribune , Times , And All The Other Angels Sing '' brilliantly succeeds in exaggerating even motion-picture ballyhooey . +`` How The Kooks Crumble '' features an amusingly accurate take-off on sneaky announcers who attempt to homogenize radio-TV commercials , and `` The Watchers Of The Night '' is a veritable waking nightmare . +

+

A semi-serious literary document entitled `` The Wings Of Henry James '' is noteworthy , if only for a keenly trenchant though little-known comment on the master's difficult later period by modest Owen Wister , author of `` The Virginian '' . +James , he remarks in a letter to a friend , `` is attempting the impossible namely , to produce upon the reader , as a painting produces upon the gazer , a number of superimposed , simultaneous impressions . +He would like to put several sentences on top of each other so that you could read them all at once , and get all at once , the various shadings and complexities '' . +

+

Equally penetrating in its fashion is the following remark by a lady in the course of a literary conversation : `` So much has already been written about everything that you can't find out anything about it '' . +Or the mildly epigrammatic utterance ( also a quotation ) : `` Woman's place is in the wrong '' . +Who but Thurber can be counted on to glean such nectareous essences ? ? +

+

A tribute to midsummer `` bang-sashes '' seems terribly funny , though it would be hard to explain why . +`` One of them banged the sash of the window nearest my bed around midnight in July and I leaped out of sleep and out of bed . +' It's just a bat ' , said my wife reassuringly , and I sighed with relief . +' Thank God for that ' , I said ; ; +' I thought it was a human being ' '' . +

+

In a sense , perhaps , Thurber is indebted artistically to the surrealist painter ( was it Salvador Dali ? ? +) who first conceived the startling fancy of a picture window in the abdomen . +That is , it is literally a picture window : you don't see into the viscera ; ; +you see a picture -- trees , or flowers . +This is something like what Thurber's best effects are like , if I am not mistaken . +

+

Though no longer able to turn out his protoplasmic pen-and-ink sketches ( several old favorites are scattered through the present volume ) Thurber has retained unimpaired his vision of humor as a thing of simple , unaffected humanness . +In his concluding paragraph he writes : `` The devoted writer of humor will continue to try to come as close to truth as he can '' . +For many readers Thurber comes closer than anyone else in sight . +

+

The latest Low is a puzzler . +The master's hand has lost none of its craft . +He is at his usual best in exposing the shams and self-deceptions of political and diplomatic life in the fifties . +The reader meets a few old friends like Blimp and the TUC horse , and becomes better acquainted with new members of the cast of characters like the bomb itself , and civilization in her classic robe watching the nuclear arms race , her hair standing straight out . +

+

But there is a difference between the present volume and the early Low . +There is fear in the fifties as his title suggests and as his competent drawings show . +But there was terror in the thirties when the Nazis were on the loose and in those days Low struck like lightning . +

+

Anyone can draw his own conclusions from this difference . +It might be argued that the Communists are less inhuman than the Nazis and furnish the artist with drama in a lower key . +But this argument cannot be pushed very far because the Communist system makes up for any shortcomings of its leaders in respect to corrosion . +The Communists wield a power unknown to Hitler . +And the leading issue , that of piecemeal aggression , remains the same . +This is drama enough . +

+

Do we ourselves offer Mr. Low less of a crusade ? ? +In the thirties we would not face our enemy ; ; +that was a nightmarish situation and Low was in his element . +Now we have stood up to the Communists ; ; +we are stronger and more self-confident -- and Low cannot so easily put us to rights . +

+

Or does the reason for less Jovian drawings lie elsewhere ? ? +It might be that Low has seen too many stupidities and that they do not outrage him now . +He writes , `` Confucius held that in times of stress one should take short views -- only up to lunchtime '' . +

+

Whatever the cause , his mood in the fifties rarely rises above the level of the capably sardonic . +Dulles ? ? +He does not seem to have caught the subtleties of the man . +McCarthy ? ? +The skies turn dark but the clouds do not loose their wrath . +Suez ? ? +Low seems to have supported Eden at first and then relented because things worked out differently , so there is no fire in his eye . +

+

Stalin's death , Churchill's farewell to public life , Hillary and Tensing on Everest , Quemoy and Matsu -- all subjects for a noble anger or an accolade . +Instead the cartoons seem to deal with foibles . +Their Eisenhower is insubstantial . +Did Low decide to let well enough alone when he made his selections ? ? +

+

He often drew the bomb . +He showed puny men attacked by splendidly tyrannical machines . +And Khrushchev turned out to be prime copy for the most witty caricaturist of them all . +But , but and but . +

+

Look in this book for weak mortals and only on occasion for virtues and vices on the heroic scale . +Read the moderately brief text , not for captions , sometimes for tart epigrams , once in a while for an explosion in the middle of your fixed ideas . +

+

A gray fox with a patch on one eye -- confidence man , city slicker , lebensraum specialist -- tries to take over Catfish Bend in this third relaxed allegory from Mr. Burman's refreshing Louisiana animal community . +

+

The fox is all ingratiating smiles when he arrives from New Orleans , accompanied by one wharf rat . +But like all despots , as he builds his following from among the gullible , he grows more threatening toward those who won't follow -- such solid citizens as Doc Raccoon ; ; +Judge Black , the vegetarian black snake ; ; +and the eagle , who leads the bird community when he is not too busy in Washington posing for fifty-cent pieces . +

+

As soon as the fox has taken hold on most of the populace he imports more wharf rats , who , of course , say they are the aggrieved victims of an extermination campaign in the city . +( The followers of bullies invariably are aggrieved about the very things they plan to do to others . +) They train the mink and other animals to fight . +And pretty soon gray fox is announcing that he won't have anyone around that's against him , and setting out to break his second territorial treaty with the birds . +

+

Robert Hillyer , the poet , writes in his introduction to this brief animal fable that Mr. Burman ought to win a Nobel Prize for the Catfish Bend series . +He may have a point in urging that decadent themes be given fewer prizes . +But it's hard to imagine Mr. Burman as a Nobel laureate on the basis of these charming but not really momentous fables . +

+

In substance they lie somewhere between the Southern dialect animal stories of Joel Chandler Harris ( Uncle Remus ) and the polished , witty fables of James Thurber . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/c08.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/c08.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c9087fe647a5f8b603f2be0b5bd2606f5f26b2be --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/c08.xml @@ -0,0 +1,141 @@ +Sample C08 from The Providence Journal + July 4, 1961, pp.1, 24 "Judy Garland Magic" by Bradford F. Swan + July 3, 1961, pp. 1,4 "Ligthning Flashes No Storm" by Bradford F. Swan + July 2, 1961, TV Weekly, p.19 "Gilels Plays Schubert" by Ruth Tripp +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,054 words 115 (5.6%) quotes 2 symbolsC08

Used by permission of The Providence Journal

 The Providence Journal +

Arbitrary Hyphen: wind-blown [0440]Typographical Errors: ballards [for ballads] teno [for tenor] [1590]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Had a funny experience at Newport yesterday afternoon . +Sat there and as a woman sang , she kept getting thinner and thinner , right before my eyes , and the eyes of some 5,500 other people . +

+

I make this observation about the lady , Miss Judy Garland , because she brought up the subject herself in telling a story about a British female reporter who flattered her terribly in London recently and then wrote in the paper the next day : +

+

`` Judy Garland has arrived in London . +She's not chubby . +She's not plump . +She's fat '' . +

+

But who cares , when the lady sings ? ? +Certainly not the largest afternoon audience Newport has ever had at a jazz concert and the most attentive and quiet . +They applauded every number , not only at its conclusion but also at the first statement of the theme -- sometimes at the first chord . +

+

And Judy sang the lovely old familiar things which seemed , at times , a blessed relief from the way-out compositions of the progressive jazzmen who have dominated these proceedings . +Things like `` When You're Smiling '' , `` Almost Like Being In Love '' , `` Do It Again '' , `` Born To Wander '' , `` Alone Together '' , `` Who Cares ? ? +'' , `` Puttin' On The Ritz '' , `` How Long Has This Been Going On ? ? +'' And her own personal songs like `` The Man That Got Away '' , and the inevitable `` Over The Rainbow '' . +

+

Miss Garland is not only one of the great singers of our time but she is one of the superb showmen . +At the start of her program there were evidences of pique . +She had held to the letter of her contract and didn't come onto the stage until well after 4 p.m. , the appointed hour , although the Music at Newport people had tried to get the program underway at 3 . +Then there was a bad delay in getting Mort Lindsey's 30-piece orchestra wedged into its chairs . +

+

Along about 4:30 , just when it was getting to be about time to turn the audience over and toast them on the other side , Judy came on singing , in a short-skirted blue dress with a blue and white jacket that flapped in the wind . +Her bouffant coiffure was fortunately combed on the left which happened to be the direction from which a brisk breeze was blowing . +

+

In her first song she waved away one encroaching photographer who dared approach the throne unbidden and thereafter the boys with the cameras had to unsheathe their 300 mm. lenses and shoot at extreme range . +

+

There also came a brief contretemps with the sound mixers who made the mistake of being overheard during a quiet moment near the conclusion of `` Do It Again '' , and she made the tart observation that `` I never saw so much moving about in an audience '' . +

+

But it didn't take Judy Garland , showman , long to realize that this sort of thing was par for the course at Newport and that you have to learn to live with it . +Before her chore was finished she was rescuing wind-blown sheets of music , trundling microphones about the stage , helping to move the piano and otherwise joining in the informal atmosphere . +

+

And time after time she really belted out her songs . +Sometimes they struck me as horribly over-arranged -- which was the way I felt about her `` Come Rain or Come Shine '' -- and sometimes they were just plain magnificent , like her shatteringly beautiful `` Beautiful Weather '' . +

+

To her partisan audience , such picayune haggling would have seemed nothing more than a critic striving to hold his franchise ; ; +they just sat back on their haunches and cried for more , as though they could never get enough . +

+

They were rewarded with splendid , exciting , singing . +Her `` Rockabye Your Baby '' was as good as it can be done , and her really personal songs , like `` The Man That Got Away '' were deeply moving . +

+

The audience wouldn't let her leave until it had heard `` Over The Rainbow '' -- although the fellow that kept crying for `` Get Happy '' had to go home unhappy , about that item anyway . +She was generous with her encores and the audience was equally so with its cheers and applause and flowers . +

+

All went home happy except the Newport police , who feared that the throng departing at 6:35 might meet head-on the night crowd drawing nigh , and those deprived of their happy hour at the cocktail bar . +

+

In Newport last night there were flashes of distant lightning in the northern skies . +This was perhaps symbolic of the jazz of the evening -- flashes in the distance , but no storm . +

+

Several times it came near breaking , and there were in fact some lovely peals of thunder from Jerry Mulligan's big band , which is about as fine an aggregation as has come along in the jazz business since John Hammond found Count Basie working in a Kansas City trap . +

+

Mulligan's band has been infected with his solid sense of swing , and what it does seems far more meaningful than most of the noise generated by the big concert aggregations . +

+

But what is equally impressive is the delicacy and wonderful lyric quality of both the band and Mulligan's baritone sax in a fragile ballad like Bob Brookmeyer's arrangement of `` Django's Castle '' . +

+

For subtle swinging rhythms , I could admire intensely Mulligan's version of `` Weep '' , and the fireworks went on display in `` 18 Carrots For Robert '' , a sax tribute to Johnny Hodges . +

+

There was considerable contrast between this Mulligan performance and that of Art Blakey and The Jazz Messengers , who are able to generate a tremendous sound for such a small group . +Unfortunately , Blakey doesn't choose to work much of the time in this vein . +He prefers to have his soloist performing and thus we get only brief glimpses of what his ensemble work is like . +

+

What we did get , however , was impressive . +

+

A few drops of rain just before midnight , when Sarah Vaughan was in the midst of her first number , scattered the more timid members of the audience briefly , but at this hour and with Sarah on the stand , most of the listeners didn't care whether they got wet . +

+

Miss Vaughan was back in top form , somehow mellowed and improved with the passage of time -- like a fine wine . +After the spate of female vocalists we have been having , all of whom took Sarah as a point of departure and then tried to see what they could do that might make her seem old hat , it seemed that all that has happened is to make the real thing seem better than ever . +

+

Jazz Three open program +The evening program was opened by the Jazz Three , a Newport group consisting of Steve Budieshein on bass , Jack Warner , drums , and Don Cook , piano . +This was a continuation of a good idea which was first tried out Saturday night when the Eddie Stack group , also local talent , went on first . +

+

Putting on local musicians at this place in the program serves a triple purpose : it saves the top flight jazz men from being wasted in this unenviable spot , when the audience is cold , restless , and in flux ; ; +it prevents late-comers from missing some of the people they have come a long way to hear , and it gives the resident musicians a chance to perform before the famous Newport audience . +

+

The Jazz Three displayed their sound musicianship , not only in their own chosen set , but as the emergency accompanists for Al Minns & Leon James , the superb jazz dancers who have now been Newport performers for three successive years , gradually moving up from a morning seminar on the evolution of the blues to a spot on the evening program . +

+

Julie Wilson sings +Julie Wilson , a vigorous vocalist without many wild twists , sang a set , a large part of which consisted of such seldom heard old oldies as `` Hard-Hearted Hannah , The Vamp Of Savannah '' , and the delightful `` Sunday '' . +She frosted the cake with the always reliable `` Bill Bailey '' . +

+

From this taste of the 1920s , we leaped way out to Stan Getz's private brand of progressive jazz , which did lovely , subtle things for `` Baubles , Bangles And Beads '' , and a couple of ballards . +

+

Getz is a difficult musician to categorize . +He plays his sax principally for beauty of tone , rather than for scintillating flights of meaningless improvisations , and he has a quiet way of getting back and restating the melody after the improvising is over . +In this he is sticking with tradition , however far removed from it he may seem to be . +

+

Shearing takes over +George Shearing took over with his well disciplined group , a sextet consisting of vibes , guitar , bass , drums , Shearing's piano and a bongo drummer . +He met with enthusiastic audience approval , especially when he swung from jazz to Latin American things like the Mambo . +Shearing , himself , seemed to me to be playing better piano than in his recent Newport appearances . +

+

A very casual , pleasant program -- one of those easy-going things that make Newport's afternoon programs such a relaxing delight -- was held again under sunny skies , hot sun , and a fresh breeze for an audience of at least a couple of thousands who came to Newport to hear music rather than go to the beach . +

+

Divided almost equally into two parts , it consisted of `` The Evolution Of The Blues '' , narrated by Jon Hendricks , who had presented it last year at the Monterey , Calif. , Jazz Festival , and an hour-long session of Maynard Ferguson and his orchestra , a blasting big band . +

+

Hendricks' story was designed for children and he had a small audience of small children right on stage with him . +Tracing the blues from its African roots among the slaves who were brought to this country and the West Indies , he stressed the close relationship between the early jazz forms and the music of the Negro churches . +

+

Surprise addition +To help him on this religious aspect of primitive jazz he had `` Big '' Miller , as a preacher-singer and Hannah Dean , Gospel-singer , while Oscar Brown Jr. , an extremely talented young man , did a slave auctioneer's call , a field-hands' work song , and a beautifully sung Negro lullaby , `` Brown Baby '' , which was one of the truly moving moments of the festival . +

+

One of those delightful surprise additions , which so frequently occur in jazz programs , was an excellent stint at the drums by the great Joe Jones , drumming to `` Old Man River '' , which seems to have been elected the favorite solo for the boys on the batterie at this year's concerts . +

+

Demonstrating the primitive African rhythmic backgrounds of the Blues was Michael Babatunde Olatunji , who plays such native drums as the konga and even does a resounding job slapping his own chest . +He has been on previous Newport programs and was one of the sensations of last year's afternoon concerts . +

+

Hendricks had Billy Mitchell , tenor sax ; ; +Pony Poindexter , alto sax ; ; +Jimmy Witherspoon , Blues singer ( and a good one ) , and the Ike Isaacs Trio , which has done such wonderful work for two afternoons now , helping him with the musical examples . +

+

It all went very well . +

+

Pianists who are serious about their work are likely to know the interesting material contained in Schubert's Sonatas . +Music lovers who are not familiar with this literature may hear an excellent example , played for RCA by Emil Gilels . +He has chosen Sonata Op. 53 in Aj . +The playing takes both sides of the disc . +Perhaps one of the reasons these Sonatas are not programmed more often is their great length . +Rhythmic interest , melodic beauty and the expansiveness of the writing are all qualities which hold one's attention with the Gilels playing . +His technique is ample and his musical ideas are projected beautifully . +

+

The male chorus of the Robert Shaw Chorale sings Sea Shanties in fine style . +The group is superbly trained . +What a discussion can ensue when the title of this type of song is in question . +Do you say chantey , as if the word were derived from the French word chanter , to sing , or do you say shanty and think of a roughly built cabin , which derives its name from the French-Canadian use of the word chantier , with one of its meanings given as a boat-yard ? ? +I say chantey . +Either way , the Robert Shaw chorus sings them in fine style with every colorful word and its musical frame spelled out in terms of agreeable listening . +If your favorite song is not here it must be an unfamiliar one . +

+

The London label offers an operatic recital by Ettore Bastianini , a baritone whose fame is international . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/c09.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/c09.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8682927725216b522f4f5aef4842a5ddc6b74bc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/c09.xml @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +Sample C09 from The New York Times + November 27, 1961, p.36 "Dance: By Murray Louis" by Allen Hughes +"Music: Van Cliburn Plays" by Ross Parmenter + November 26, 1961, sec. 2, p.20 "Never Let a Good Song" by John S. Wilson + January 30, 1961, p.17 "Screen: Russians in Love" by Howard Thompson +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,037 words 110 (5.4%) quotes 6 symbolsC09

Copyright 1961 by The New York Times Company. Reprinted by permission

 The New York Times +

Arbitrary Hyphens: top-drawer [1270]block-buster [1690]high-up [1880]Typographical Errors: broodinf [0830]seemed to be fine shape [0510]accompanimen [period missing] [1310]lyriist [1460]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Murray Louis and his dance company appeared at the Henry Street Playhouse on Friday and Saturday evenings and Sunday afternoons in the premiere of his latest work , `` Signal '' , and the repetition of an earlier one , `` Journal '' . +

+

`` Signal '' is choreographed for three male dancers to an electronic score by Alwin Nikolais . +Its abstract decor is by John Hultberg . +Program note reads as follows : +

+

`` Take hands ; ; +this urgent visage beckons us '' . +

+

Here , as in `` Journal '' , Mr. Louis has given himself the lion's share of the dancing , and there is no doubt that he is capable of conceiving and executing a wide variety of difficult and arresting physical movements . +Indeed , both `` Journal '' and `` Signal '' qualify as instructive catalogues of modern-dance calisthenics . +

+

But chains of movements are not necessarily communicative , and it is in the realm of communication that the works prove disappointing . +One frequently has the feeling that the order of their movement combinations could be transposed without notable loss of effect , there is too little suggestion of organic relationship and development . +

+

It may be , of course , that Mr. Louis is consciously trying to create works that anticipate an age of total automation . +But it may be , also , that he is merely more mindful of athletics than of esthetics at the present time . +One thing is certain , however , and that is that he is far more slavish to the detailed accents , phrasings and contours of the music he deals with than a confident dance creator need be . +

+

' an American journey ' +A brisk , satirical spoof of contemporary American mores entitled `` An American Journey '' was given its first New York performance at Hunter College Playhouse last night by the Helen Tamiris-Daniel Nagrin Dance Company . +Choreographed by Mr. Nagrin , the work filled the second half of a program that also offered the first New York showing of Miss Tamiris' `` Once Upon A Time '' as well as her `` Women's Song '' and Mr. Nagrin's `` Indeterminate Figure '' . +

+

Eugene Lester assembled a witty and explicit score for `` An American Journey '' , and Malcolm McCormick gave it sprightly imaginative costumes . +

+

Mr. Nagrin has described four `` places '' , each with its scenery and people , added two `` diversions '' , and concluded with `` A Toccata for the Young '' , a refreshingly underplayed interpretation of rock'n'roll dancing . +

+

The `` places '' could be anywhere , the idiosyncrasies and foibles observed there could be anybody's , and the laugh is on us all . +But we need not mind too much , because Mr. Nagrin has expressed it through movement that is diverting and clever almost all the way . +

+

Miss Tamiris' `` Once Upon A Time '' is a problem piece about a man and a woman and the three `` figures '' that bother them somehow . +

+

Unfortunately , the man and woman were not made to appear very interesting at the outset and the menacing figures failed to make them any more so . +Nor did the dancing involved really seize the attention at any time . +The music here , Russell Smith's `` Tetrameron '' , sounded good . +

+

All the performances of the evening were smooth and assured , and the sizable company , with Mr. Nagrin and Marion Scott as its leading dancers , seemed to be fine shape . +

+

The Symphony Of The Air , greatly assisted by Van Cliburn , last night got its seven-concert Beethoven cycle at Carnegie Hall off to a good start . +At the same time the orchestra announced that next season it would be giving twenty-five programs at Carnegie , and that it would be taking these concerts to the suburbs , repeating each of them in five different communities . +

+

This news , announced by Jerome Toobin , the orchestra's administrative director , brought applause from the 2,800 persons who filled the hall . +They showed they were glad that Carnegie would have a major orchestra playing there so often next season to take up the slack with the departure to Lincoln Center of the New York Philharmonic , the Philadelphia Orchestra and the Boston Symphony . +

+

This season the orchestra has already taken a step toward the suburbs in that it is giving six subscription concerts for the Orchestral Society of Westchester in the County Center in White Plains . +The details of the suburban concerts next season , and the centers in which they will be given , will be announced later , Mr. Toobin said . +

+

The concertos that Van Cliburn has been associated with in New York since his triumphant return from Russia in 1958 have been the Tchaikovsky , the Rachmaninoff Third , and the Prokofieff Third . +It was pleasant last night , therefore , to hear him do something else : a concerto he has recently recorded , `` The Emperor '' . +

+

The young Texas pianist can make great chords ring out as well as anyone , so last night the massive sonorities of this challenging concerto were no hazard to him . +But they were not what distinguished his performance . +The elements that did were the introspective slow movement , the beautiful transition to the third movement , and the passages of filigree that laced through the bigger moments of the opening movement and the final Rondo . +

+

Mr. Cliburn gave the slow movement some of the quality of a Chopin Nocturne . +Alfred Wallenstein , the conductor , sensitive accompanist that he is , picked up the idea and led the orchestra here with a sense of brooding , poetic mystery . +The collaboration was remarkable , as it was in both the other movements , too . +

+

Mr. Wallenstein , who will lead all of the concerts in the cycle , also conducted the `` Leonore '' Overture No. 3 and the Fourth Symphony . +The orchestra was obviously on its mettle and it played most responsively . +And although there was plenty of vigor in the performance , the ensemble was at its best when the playing was soft and lyrical , yet full of the suppressed tension that is one of the hallmarks of Beethoven . +Igor Oistrakh will be the next soloist on Feb. 4 . +

+

There are times when one suspects that the songs that are dropped from musical shows before they reach Broadway may really be better than many of those that are left in . +Today , in the era of the integrated musical when an individual song must contribute to the over-all development of the show , it is understandable that a song , no matter how excellent it may be on its own terms , is cut out because it does not perform the function required of it . +

+

In the more casually constructed musicals of the Nineteen Twenties and Nineteen Thirties there would seem to have been less reason for eliminating a song of merit . +Yet there is the classic case of the Gershwins' `` The Man I Love '' . +Deemed too static when it was first heard in `` Lady Be Good '' in Philadelphia in 1924 , it was dropped from the score . +It was heard again in Philadelphia in 1927 in the first version of `` Strike Up The Band '' and again abandoned shortly before the entire show was given up . +It finally reached Broadway in the second and successful version of `` Strike Up The Band '' in 1929 . +( Still another song in `` Strike Up The Band '' -- `` I've Got A Crush On You '' -- was retrieved from a 1928 failure , `` Treasure Girl '' . +

+

second chance +Like the Gershwins , Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart were loath to let a good song get away from them . +If one of Mr. Rodgers' melodies seemed to deserve a better fate than interment in Boston or the obscurity of a Broadway failure , Mr. Hart was likely to deck it out with new lyrics to give it a second chance in another show . +

+

Several of these double entries have been collected by Ben Bagley and Michael McWhinney , along with Rodgers and Hart songs that disappeared permanently en route to New York and others that reached Broadway but have not become part of the constantly heard Rodgers and Hart repertory , in a delightfully refreshing album , Rodgers And Hart Revisited ( Spruce Records , 505 Fifth Avenue , New York ) . +

+

Among the particular gems in this collection is the impudent opening song of `` The Garrick Gaieties '' , an impressive forecast of the wit and melody that were to come from Rodgers and Hart in the years that followed ; ; +Dorothy Loudon's raucous listing of the attractions `` At The Roxy Music Hall '' from `` I Married An Angel '' ; ; +and the incisive style with which Charlotte Rae delivers the top-drawer Hart lyrics of `` I Blush '' , a song that was cut from `` A Connecticut Yankee '' . +

+

Altogether fifteen virtually unknown Rodgers and Hart songs are sung by a quintet of able vocalists . +Norman Paris has provided them with extremely effective orchestral accompaniment +

+

Turning to the current musical season on Broadway , the most widely acclaimed of the new arrivals , How To Succeed In Business Without Really Trying , has been transferred to an original cast album ( R. C. A. Victor LOC 1066 ; ; +stereo LSO 1066 ) that has some entertaining moments , although it is scarcely as inventive as the praise elicited by the show might lead one to expect . +Robert Morse , singing with comically plaintive earnestness , carries most of the burden and is responsible for the high spots in Frank Loesser's score . +

+

Rudy Vallee , who shares star billing with Mr. Morse , makes only two appearances . +He shares with Mr. Morse a parody of the college anthems he once sang while his second song is whisked away from him by Virginia Martin , a girl with a remarkably expressive yip in her voice . +In general , Mr. Loesser has done a more consistent job as lyricist than he has as composer . +

+

Like Mr. Loesser , Jerry Herman is both composer and lyriist for Milk And Honey ( R. C. A. Victor LOC 1065 ; ; +stereo LSO 1065 ) , but in this case it is the music that stands above the lyrics . +For this story of an American couple who meet and fall in love in Israel , Mr. Herman has written songs that are warmly melodious and dance music that sparkles . +

+

Resourceful voices +There are the full-bodied , resourceful voices of Robert Weede , Mimi Benzell and Tommy Rall to make the most of Mr. Herman's lilting melodies and , for an occasional change of pace , the bright humor of Molly Picon . +Mr. Herman has managed to mix musical ideas drawn from Israel and the standard American ballad style in a manner that stresses the basic tunefulness of both idioms . +

+

Not content to create only the music and lyrics , Noel Coward also wrote the book and directed Sail Away ( Capitol WAO 1643 ; ; +stereo SWAO 1643 ) , a saga of life on a cruise ship that is not apt to be included among Mr. Coward's more memorable works . +The melodies flow along pleasantly , as Mr. Coward's songs usually do , but his lyrics have a tired , cut-to-a-familiar-pattern quality . +Elaine Stritch , who sings with a persuasively warm huskiness , belts some life into most of her songs , but the other members of the cast sound as lukewarm as Mr. Coward's songs . +

+

With three fine Russian films in recent months on World War 2 , -- `` The House I Live In '' , `` The Cranes Are Flying '' and `` Ballad Of A Soldier '' -- we had every right to expect a real Soviet block-buster in `` The Day The War Ended '' . +It simply isn't , not by a long shot . +The Artkino presentation , with English titles , opened on Saturday at the Cameo Theatre . +

+

Make no mistake , this Gorky Studio drama is a respectable import -- aptly grave , carefully written , performed and directed . +In describing the initial Allied occupation of a middle-sized German city , the picture has color , pictorial pull and genuinely moving moments . +Told strictly from the viewpoint of the Russian conquerors , the film compassionately peers over the shoulders of a smitten Soviet couple , at both sides of the conflict's aftermath . +

+

Unfortunately , the whole picture hinges on this romance , at the expense of everything else . +Tenderly and rather tediously , the camera rivets on the abrupt , deep love of a pretty nurse and a uniformed teacher , complicated by nothing more than a friend they don't want to hurt . +It's the old story , war or no war , and more than one viewer may recall Hollywood's `` Titanic '' , several seasons back , when the paramount concern was for the marital discord of a society dilettante . +

+

Not that the picture is superficial . +Under Yakov Segal's direction , it begins stirringly , as crouching Soviet and Nazi troops silently scan each other , waiting for the first surrender gesture . +One high-up camera shot is magnificent , as the Germans straggle from a cathedral , dotting a huge , cobblestone square , and drop their weapons . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/c10.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/c10.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..01b52d543946484d64602b99685215f5bcdce976 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/c10.xml @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +Sample C10 from The Providence Journal + March 11, 1961, p. W 20 "Magic in the West..." by Harvena Richter + March 5, 1961, p. W 18 "Comedie Francaise..." by Henry Popkin + July 2, 1961, TV Weekly, p.19 "The Art of Django..." by Philips C. Gunion +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,072 words 216 (10.4%) quotes 1 symbolC10

Used by permission of The Providence Journal

 The Providence Journal +

Arbitrary Hyphen: old-time [1900]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Ring Of Bright Water , by Gavin Maxwell . +211 pages . +Dutton . +A5 . +

+

Only once in a very long while comes a book that gives the reader a magic sense of sharing a rare experience . +`` Ring Of Bright Water '' by Gavin Maxwell is just that -- a haunting , warmly personal chronicle of a man , an otter , and a remote cottage in the Scottish West Highlands . +

+

`` He has married me with a ring of bright water '' , begins the Kathleen Raine poem from which Maxwell takes his title , and it is this mystic bond between the human and natural world that the author conveys . +The place is Camusfearna , the site of a long-vanished sea-village opposite the isle of Skye . +It is a land of long fjords , few people , a single-lane road miles away -- and of wild stags , Greylag geese , wild swans , dolphins and porpoises playing in the waters . +How Maxwell recounts his first coming to Camusfearna , his furnishing the empty house with beach-drift , the subtle changes in season over ten years , is a moving experience . +Just the evocations of time and place , of passionate encounter between man and a natural world which today seems almost lost , would be enough . +

+

But it isn't . +There is Mijbil , an otter who travelled with Maxwell -- and gave Maxwell's name to a new species -- from the Tigris marshes to his London flat . +It may sound extravagant to say that there has never been a more engaging animal in all literature . +This is not only a compliment to Mijbil , of whom there are a fine series of photographs and drawings in the book , but to the author who has catalogued the saga of a frightened otter cub's journey by plane from Iraq to London , then by train ( where he lay curled in the wash basin playing with the water tap ) to Camusfearna , with affectionate detail . +

+

Mij , as his owner was soon to learn , had strange , inexplicable habits . +He liked to nip ear lobes of unsuspecting visitors with his needle-sharp teeth . +He preferred sleeping in bed with his head on a pillow . +Systematically he would open and ransack drawers . +Given a small ball or marbles , he would invent games and play by himself for hours . +With curiosity and elan , he explored every inch of glen , beach and burn , once stranding himself for hours on a ledge high up a sheer seventy-foot cliff and waiting with calm faith to be rescued by Maxwell , who nearly lost his life in doing so . +

+

A year and a day of this idyll is described for the reader , one in which not only discovery of a new world of personality is charted , but self-discovery as well . +In the solitude of Camusfearna there had been no loneliness . +`` To be quite alone where there are no other human beings is sharply exhilarating ; ; +it is as though some pressure had suddenly been lifted , allowing an intense awareness a sharpening of the senses '' . +

+

Now , with the increasing interdependence between himself and Mij came a knowledge of an obscure need , that of being trusted implicitly by some creature . +Two other people in time shared Mijbil's love : `` it remained around us three that his orb revolved when he was not away in his own imponderable world of wave and water ; ; +we were his Trinity , and he behaved towards us with a mixture of trust and abuse , passion and irritation . +In turn each of us in our own way depended , as gods do , upon his worship '' . +

+

Yet the idyll ended . +The brief details of Mijbil's death lend depth to the story , give it an edge of ironic tragedy . +Man , to whom Mij gave endless affection and fealty , was responsible in the form of a road worker with a pickaxe who somehow becomes an abstract symbol of the savage in man . +But then , through a strange coincidence , Maxwell manages to acquire Idal , a female otter , and the fascinating story starts once more . +

+

One is not sure who emerges as the main personality of this book -- Mijbil , with his rollicking ways , or Maxwell himself , poet , portrait painter , writer , journalist , traveller and zoologist , sensitive but never sentimental recorder of an unusual way of life , in a language at once lyrical and forceful , vivid and unabashed . +This reviewer read the book when it was first brought out in England with a sense of discovery and excitement . +Now Gavin Maxwell's Ring Of Bright Water has widened to enchant the world . +New York +-- The performances of the Comedie Francaise are the most important recent events in the New York theater . +

+

They serve to contradict a popular notion that the Comedie merely repeats , as accurately as possible , the techniques of acting the classics that prevailed in the 17th century . +On the contrary , the old plays are continually being reinterpreted , and each new production of a classic has only a brief history at the Comedie . +

+

Of course , the well-received revivals last longer than the others , and that further reminds us that the Comedie is not insensitive to criticism . +The directors of the Comedie do not respond to adverse notices in as docile and subservient a manner as the Broadway producers who , in two instances this season , closed their plays after one performance . +But they are aware of the world outside , they court public approval , they delight in full houses , and they occasionally dare to experiment in interpreting a dramatic classic . +

+

In France , novel approaches to the classic French plays are frequently attempted . +The government pays a subsidy for revival of the classics , and this policy attracts experimenters who sometimes put Moliere's characters in modern dress and often achieve interesting results . +

+

So far as I know , the Comedie has never put Moliere's people in the costumes of the 20th century , but they do reinterpret plays and characters . +Last season , the Comedie's two principal experiments came to grief , and , in consequence , we can expect fairly soon to see still newer productions of Racine's `` Phedre '' and Moliere's `` School For Wives '' . +

+

The new `` Phedre '' was done in 17th century setting , instead of ancient Greek ; ; +perhaps that is the Comedie's equivalent for thrusting this play's characters into our own time . +The speaking of the lines seemed excessively slow and stately , possibly in an effort to capture the spirit of 17th century elegance . +A few literary men defended what they took to be an emphasis on the poetry at the expense of the drama , but the response was mainly hostile and quite violent . +

+

The new `` School For Wives '' was interpreted according to a principle that is becoming increasingly common in the playing of classic comedy -- the idea of turning some obviously ludicrous figure into a tragic character . +

+

Among the Moliere specialists of some years ago , Louis Jouvet tried to humanize some of the clowns , while Fernand Ledoux , often performing at the Comedie , made them more gross than Moliere may have intended . +

+

Apparently , Jouvet and Ledoux attempted just these dissimilar approaches in the role of Arnolphe in `` The School For Wives '' . +I say `` apparently '' although I saw Jouvet as Arnolphe when he visited this country shortly before his death ; ; +by that time , he seemed to have dropped the tragic playing of the last moments of the comedy . +

+

Arnolphe , it will be recalled , is a man of mature years who tries to preserve the innocence of his youthful wife-to-be . +The part can lend itself to serious treatment ; ; +one influential French critic remarked : `` Pity for Arnolphe comes with age '' . +

+

Accordingly , at the Comedie last year , Jean Meyer played a sympathetic Arnolphe and drew criticism for turning the comedy into a tragedy . +But the stuff of tragedy was not truly present and the play became only comedy acted rather slowly . +

+

Wisely , the Comedie has brought Moliere's `` Tartuffe '' on its tour and has left `` The School For Wives '' at home . +Tartuffe is the religious hypocrite who courts his benefactor's wife . +Jouvet played him as a sincere zealot , and Ledoux , at the Comedie , made him a gross buffoon , or so the historians tell us . +

+

Louis Seigner , who formerly played the deluded benefactor opposite Ledoux , is the Tartuffe of the present production , which he himself directed . +His Tartuffe observes the golden mean . +His red face , his coarse gestures , and his lustful stares bespeak his sensuality . +But his heavenward glances and his pious speeches are not merely perfunctory ; ; +of course , they do not reflect sincerity , but they exhibit a concern to make a good job out of his pious impersonation . +

+

Occasionally , Seigner draws some justly deserved laughs by his quick shifts from one personality to another . +The whole role , by the way , is a considerable transformation for anyone who has seen Seigner in his other parts . +His normal specialty is playing the good-natured old man , frequently stupid or deluded but never mean or sly . +Here , he is , quite persuasively , the very embodiment of meanness and slyness . +

+

Seigner is the dean of the company , the oldest actor in point of continuous service . +In that function , he helps to rebut another legend about the Comedie . +We are often told that the Comedie has , unfortunately , life-contracts with old actors who are both mediocre and lazy , drawing their pay without much acting but probably doing real service to the Comedie by staying off the stage . +Seigner , however , is a fine actor and probably the busiest man in the company ; ; +among his other parts are the leads in `` The Bourgeois Gentleman '' and `` The Imaginary Invalid '' . +

+

In Moliere's farce , `` The Tricks Of Scapin '' , Robert Hirsch undertakes another of the great roles . +Here some innovation is attempted . +

+

To begin with , Scapin is a trickster in the old tradition of the clever servant who plots the strategy of courtship for his master . +Hirsch's Scapin is healthy , cheerful , energetic , revelling in his physical agility and his obvious superiority to the young gentlemen whom he serves . +

+

Hirsch says that he has given the role certain qualities he has observed in the city toughs of the real world . +And surely his Scapin has a fresh directness , a no-nonsense quality that seems to make him his own master and nobody's servant . +

+

Django Reinhardt , the ill-fated gypsy , was a true artist , one who demonstrated conclusively the power of art to renew itself and flow into many channels . +

+

There is hardly a jazz guitarist in the business today who doesn't owe something to Django . +And Django owed much to Louis Armstrong . +He told once of how he switched his style of playing to jazz after listening to two old Armstrong records he bought in the Flea Market in Paris . +It was the first jazz he had heard . +

+

Django , who was born Jean Baptiste Reinhardt in Belgium and who died in 1953 in France , was an extraordinary man . +Most of the fingers on his left hand were burned off when he fell asleep with a cigarette . +And this was before he began to play his startlingly beautiful jazz . +

+

You can catch up with him -- if you haven't already -- on RCA-Victor's album . +`` Djangology '' , made up of tracks he recorded with Stephane Grappelly and the Quintet of the Hot Club of France . +This is a choice item and Grappely deserves mention too , of course . +He is one of the few men in history who plays jazz on a violin . +

+

They play : `` Minor Swing '' , `` Honeysuckle Rose '' , `` Beyond The Sea '' , `` Bricktop '' , `` Heavy Artillery '' , `` Djangology '' , `` After You've Gone '' , `` Where Are You , My Love '' ? ? +`` I Saw Stars '' , `` Lover Man '' , `` Menilmontant '' and `` Swing 42 '' . +

+

All this is great proceedings -- get the minutes . +

+

Kid Ory , the trombonist chicken farmer , is also one of the solid anchor points of jazz . +He dates back to the days before the first sailing ship pulled into New Orleans . +His horn has blown loud and clear across the land for more years than he cares to remember . +

+

Good Time Jazz has released a nice two-record album which he made . +He is starred against Alvin Alcorn , trumpet ; ; +Phil Gomez , clarinet ; ; +Cedric Haywood , piano ; ; +Julian Davidson , guitar ; ; +Wellman Braud , bass , and Minor Hall , drums . +

+

The set contains `` High Society '' , `` Do What Ory Say '' , `` Down Home Rag '' , `` Careless Love '' , Jazz Me Blues '' , `` Weary Blues '' , `` Original Dixieland One-Step '' , `` Bourbon Street Parade '' , `` Panama '' , `` Toot , Toot , Tootsie '' , `` Oh Didn't He Ramble '' , `` Beale Street Blues '' , `` Maryland , My Maryland '' , `` 1919 Rag '' , `` Eh , La Bas '' , `` Mood Indigo '' , and `` Bugle Call Rag '' . +

+

All this will serve to show off the Ory style in fine fashion and is a must for those who want to collect elements of the old-time jazz before it is too late to lay hands on the gems . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/c15.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/c15.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eab16ffd2bff60edee4ad93454c4ecbc51d2fb6f --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/c15.xml @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ +Sample C15 from Life + September 22, 1961 (51:12), p.21 "Life Guide" + October 27, 1961 (51:17), p.27 "Life Guide" +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,171 words 11 (0.5%) quotes 3 symbolsC15

Used by permission of Life magazine. Copyright 1961 Time Inc.

 Life +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

As autumn starts its annual sweep , few Americans and Canadians realize how fortunate they are in having the world's finest fall coloring . +Spectacular displays of this sort are relatively rare in the entire land surface of the earth . +The only other regions so blessed are the British Isles , western Europe , eastern China , southern Chile and parts of Japan , New Zealand and Tasmania . +Their autumn tints are all fairly low keyed compared with the fiery stabs of crimson , gold , purple , bronze , blue and vermilion that flame up in North America . +Jack Frost is not really responsible for this great seasonal spectacle ; ; +in fact , a freezing autumn dulls the blaze . +The best effects come from a combination of temperate climate and plenty of late-summer rain , followed by sunny days and cool nights . +Foliage pilgrimages , either organized or individual , are becoming an autumn item for more and more Americans each year . +Below is a specific guide , keyed to the calendar . +

+

Nature +Canada . +

+

Late September finds Quebec's color at its peak , especially in the Laurentian hills and in the area south of the St. Lawrence River . +In the Maritime provinces farther east , the tones are a little quieter . +Ontario's foliage is most vivid from about Sept. 23 to Oct. 10 , with both Muskoka ( 100 miles north of Toronto ) and Haliburton ( 125 miles northwest of Toronto ) holding color cavalcades starting Sept. 23 . +In the Canadian Rockies , great groves of aspen are already glinting gold . +New England . +

+

Vermont's sugar maples are scarlet from Sept. 25 to Oct. 15 , and often hit a height in early October . +New Hampshire figures its peak around Columbus Day and boasts of all its hardwoods including the yellow of the birches . +The shades tend to be a little softer in the forests that blanket so much of Maine . +In western Massachusetts and northwest Connecticut , the Berkshires are at their vibrant prime the first week of October . +

+

Middle Atlantic states . +

+

The Adirondacks blaze brightest in early October , choice routes being 9N from Saratoga up to Lake George and 73 and 86 in the Lake Placid area . +Farther south in New York there is a heavy haze of color over the Catskills in mid-October , notably along routes 23 and 23A . +About the same time the Alleghenies and Poconos in Pennsylvania are magnificent -- Renovo holds its annual Flaming Foliage Festival on Oct. 14 , 15 . +New Jersey's color varies from staccato to pastel all the way from the Delaware Water Gap to Cape May . +Southeast . +

+

During the first half of October the Blue Ridge and other parts of the Appalachians provide a spectacle stretching from Maryland and West Virginia to Georgia . +The most brilliant displays are along the Skyline Drive above Virginia's Shenandoah Valley and throughout the Great Smokies between North Carolina and Tennessee . +Midwest . +

+

Michigan , Wisconsin and Minnesota have many superb stretches of color which reach their height from the last few days of September well into October , especially in their northern sections , e.g. , Wisconsin's Vilas County whose Colorama celebration is Sept. 29-Oct. 8 . +In Wisconsin , take route 55 north of Shawano or routes 78 and 60 from Portage to Prairie Du Chien . +In Michigan , there is fine color on route 27 up to the Mackinac Straits , while the views around Marquette and Iron Mountain in the Upper Peninsula are spectacular . +In Minnesota , Arrowhead County and route 53 north to International Falls are outstanding . +Farther south , there are attractive patches all the way to the Ozarks , with some seasonal peaks as late as early November . +Illinois' Shawnee National Forest , Missouri's Iron County and the maples of Hiawatha , Kan. should be at their best in mid-October . +The West . +

+

The Rockies have many `` Aspencades '' , which are organized tours of the aspen areas with frequent stops at vantage points for viewing the golden panoramas . +In Colorado , Ouray has its Fall Color Week Sept. 22-29 , Rye and Salida both sponsor Aspencades Sept. 24 , and Steamboat Springs has a week-long Aspencade Sept. 25-30 . +New Mexico's biggest is at Ruidoso Oct. 7 , 8 , while Alamogordo and Cloudcroft cooperate in similar trips Oct. 1 . +

+

Americana +pleasure domes . +

+

Two sharply contrasting places designed for public enjoyment are now on display . +

+

The Corn Palace at Mitchell , S. Dak. , `` the world's corniest building '' , has a carnival through Sept. 23 headlining the Three Stooges and Pee Wee Hunt . +Since 1892 ears of red , yellow , purple and white corn have annually been nailed to 11 big picture panels to create huge `` paintings '' . +The 1961 theme is the Dakota Territorial Centennial , with the pictures including the Lewis and Clark expedition , the first river steamboat , the 1876 gold rush , a little red schoolhouse on the prairie , and today's construction of large Missouri River reservoirs . +The panels will stay up until they are replaced next summer . +

+

Longwood Gardens , near Kennett Square , Pa. ( about 12 miles from Wilmington , Del. ) , was developed and heavily endowed by the late Pierre S. Du Pont . +Every Wednesday night through Oct. 11 there will be an elaborate colored fountain display , with 229 nozzles throwing jets of water up to 130 feet . +The `` peacock tail '' nozzle throws a giant fan of water 100 feet wide and 40 feet high . +The gardens themselves are open free of charge the year round , and the 192 permanent employes make sure that not a dead or wilted flower is ever seen indoors or out by any visitor . +The greenhouses alone cover 3-1/2 acres . +

+

Books +clock without hands . +

+

Carson McCullers , after a long , painful illness that might have crushed a less-indomitable soul , has come back with an absolute gem of a novel which jumped high on best-seller lists even before official publication . +Though the subject -- segregation in her native South -- has been thoroughly worked , Miss McCullers uses her poet's instinct and storyteller's skill to reaffirm her place at the very top of modern American writing . +Franny and Zooey . +

+

With an art that almost conceals art , J. D. Salinger can create a fictional world so authentic that it hurts . +Here , in the most eagerly awaited novel of the season ( his first since The Catcher In The Rye , ) he tells of a college girl in flight from the life around her and the tart but sympathetic help she gets from her 25-year-old brother . +The Head Of Monsieur M. , +Althea Urn . +A deft , hilarious satire on very high French society involving a statesman with two enviable possessions , a lovely young bride and a head containing such weighty thoughts that he has occasionally to remove it for greater comfort . +There is probably a moral in all this about `` mind vs. heart '' . +A Matter Of Life And Death . +

+

Virgilia Peterson , a critic by trade , has turned her critical eye pitilessly and honestly on herself in an autobiography more of the mind and heart than of specific events . +It is an engrossing commentary on a repressive , upper-middle-class New York way of life in the first part of this century . +Dark Rider . +

+

This retelling by Louis Zara of the brief , anguished life of Stephen Crane -- poet and master novelist at 23 , dead at 28 -- is in novelized form but does not abuse its tragic subject . +Rural Free , +Rachel Peden . +Subtitled A Farmwife's Almanac Of Country Living , this is a gentle and nostalgic chronicle of the changing seasons seen through the clear , humorous eye of a Hoosier housewife and popular columnist . +

+

Dance +Russians , Filipinos . +

+

Two noted troupes from overseas will get the fall dance season off to a sparkling start . +Leningrad's Kirov Ballet , famous for classic purity of technique , begins its first U.S. tour in New York ( through Sept. 30 ) . +The Bayanihan Philippine Dance Company , with music and dances that depict the many facets of Filipino culture , opens its 60-city U.S. tour in San Francisco ( through Sept. 24 ) then , via one-night stands , moves on to Los Angeles ( Sept. 29 thru Oct. 1 ) . +

+

Festivals +across the land . +

+

With harvests in full swing , you can enjoy festivals for grapes at Sonoma , Calif. ( Sept. 22-24 ) , as well as for cranberries at Bandon , Ore. ( Sept. 28 thru Oct. 1 ) , for buckwheat at Kingwood , W. Va. ( Sept. 28-30 ) , sugar cane at New Iberia , La. ( Sept. 29 thru Oct. 1 ) and tobacco at Richmond , Va. ( Sept. 23-30 ) . +

+

The mule is honored at Benson , N.C. ( Sept. 22 , 23 ) and at Boron , Calif. ( Sept. 24 thru Oct. 1 ) , while the legend of the Maid of the Mist is celebrated at Niagara Falls through the 24th . +The fine old mansions of U.S. Grant's old home town of Galena , Ill. are open for inspection ( Sept. 23 , 24 ) . +An archery tournament will be held at North Falmouth , Mass. ( Sept. 23 , 24 ) . +The 300th anniversaries of Staten Island ( through Sept. 23 ) and of Mamaroneck , N.Y. ( through Sept. 24 ) will both include parades and pageants . +

+

Movies +Purple Noon : +This French film , set in Italy , is a summertime splurge in shock and terror all shot in lovely sunny scenery -- so breath-taking that at times you almost forget the horrors the movie is dealing with . +But slowly they take over as Alain Delon ( Life , Sept. 15 ) , playing a sometimes appealing but always criminal boy , casually tells a rich and foot-loose American that he is going to murder him , then does it even while the American is trying to puzzle out how Delon expects to profit from the act . +

+

Records +Norma . +

+

Callas devotees will have good reason to do their customary cart wheels over a new and complete stereo version of the Bellini opera . +Maria goes all out as a Druid princess who gets two-timed by a Roman big shot . +By turns , her beautifully sung Norma is fierce , tender , venomous and pitiful . +The tenor lead , Franco Corelli , and La Scala cast under Maestro Tullio Serafin are all first rate . +Jeremiah Peabody's polyunsaturated quick dissolving fast acting pleasant tasting green and purple pills . +

+

In a raucous take-off on radio commercials , Singer Ray Stevens hawks a cure-all for neuritis , neuralgia , head-cold distress , beriberi , overweight , fungus , mungus and water on the knee . +Of the nation's eight million pleasure-boat owners a sizable number have learned that late autumn is one of the loveliest seasons to be afloat -- at least in that broad balmy region that lies below America's belt line . +Waterways are busy right now from the Virginia capes to the Texas coast . +There true yachtsmen often find November winds steadier , the waters cooler , the fish hungrier , and rivers more pleasant -- less turbulence and mud , and fewer floating logs . +

+

More and more boats move overland on wheels ( 1.8 million trailers are now in use ) and Midwesterners taking long weekends can travel south with their craft . +In the Southwest , the fall brings out flotillas of boatsmen who find the summer too hot for comfort . +And on northern shores indomitable sailors from Long Island to Lake Michigan will beat around the buoys in dozens of frostbite races . +Some pleasant fall cruising country is mapped out below . +

+

Boating +west coast . +

+

Pleasure boating is just scooting into its best months in California as crisp breezes bring out craft of every size on every kind of water -- ocean , lake and reservoir . +Shore facilities are enormous -- Los Angeles harbors 5,000 boats , and Long Beach 3,000 -- but marinas are crowded everywhere . +New docks and ramps are being rushed at Playa Del Rey , Ventura , Dana Point , Oceanside and Mission Bay . +

+

Inland , outboard motorists welcome cooler weather and the chance to buzz over Colorado River sandbars and Lake Mead . +Newest small-boat playground is the Salton Sea , a once-dry desert sinkhole which is now a salty lake 42 miles long and 235 feet below sea level . +On Nov. 11 , 12 , racers will drive their flying shingles in 5-mile laps over its 500-mile speedboat course . +In San Francisco Bay , winds are gusty and undependable during this season . +A sailboat may have a bone in her teeth one minute and lie becalmed the next . +But regattas are scheduled right up to Christmas . +The Corinthian Yacht Club in Tiburon launches its winter races Nov. 5 . +Gulf Coast . +

+

Hurricane Carla damaged 70% of the marinas in the Galveston-Port Aransas area but fuel service is back to normal , and explorers can roam as far west as Port Isabel on the Mexican border . +Sailing activity is slowed down by Texas northers , but power cruisers can move freely , poking into the San Jacinto , Trinity and Brazos rivers ( fine tarpon fishing in the Brazos ) or pushing eastward to the pirate country of Barataria . +Off Grand Isle , yachters often visit the towering oil rigs . +The Mississippi Sound leads into a protected waterway running about 200 miles from Pascagoula to Apalachicola . +Lower Mississippi . +

+

Memphis stinkpotters like McKellar Lake , inside the city limits , and sailors look for autumn winds at Arkabutla Lake where fall racing is now in progress . +River cruising for small craft is ideal in November . +At New Orleans , 25-mile-square Lake Pontchartrain has few squalls and year-long boating . +Marinas are less plush than the Florida type but service is good and Creole cooking better . +tva lakes . +

+

Ten thousand twisty miles of shoreline frame the 30-odd lakes in the vast Tennessee River system that loops in and out of seven states . +When dam construction began in 1933 , fewer than 600 boats used these waters ; ; +today there are 48,500 . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/d02.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/d02.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c728b713f526197b3707bfab9afc202a1caaa6c --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/d02.xml @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +Sample D02 from Schubert Ogden, Christ Without Myth. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1961. +Pp. 128-134 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,054 words 82 (4.0%) in quotes 6 symbolsD02

Copyright Schubert Ogden, 1961.

Schubert Ogden, Christ Without Myth. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1961. +Pp. 128-134 +

Typographical Error: indigation [for indignation] [0630]Note: "understanded..." [0020]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

If the content of faith is to be presented today in a form that can be `` understanded of the people '' -- and this , it must not be forgotten , is one of the goals of the perennial theological task -- there is no other choice but to abandon completely a mythological manner of representation . +

+

This does not mean that mythological language as such can no longer be used in theology and preaching . +The absurd notion that demythologization entails the expurgation of all mythological concepts completely misrepresents Bultmann's intention . +His point is not that mythology may not be used , but that it may no longer be regarded as the only or even the most appropriate conceptuality for expressing the Christian kerygma . +When we say that a mythological mode of thought must be completely abandoned , we mean it must be abandoned as the sole or proper means for presenting the Christian understanding of existence . +Mythological concepts may by all means still be used , but they can be used responsibly only as `` symbols '' or `` ciphers '' , that is , only if they are also constantly interpreted in nonmythological ( or existential ) terms . +

+

The statement is often made that when Bultmann argues in this way , he `` overestimates the intellectual stumbling-block which myth is supposed to put in the way of accepting the Christian faith '' . +But this statement is completely unconvincing . +If Bultmann's own definition of myth is strictly adhered to ( and it is interesting that this is almost never done by those who make such pronouncements ) , the evidence is overwhelming that he does not at all exaggerate the extent to which the mythological concepts of traditional theology have become incredible and irrelevant . +Nor is it necessary to look for such evidence in the great urban centers of our culture that are admittedly almost entirely secularized and so profoundly estranged from the conventional forms in which the gospel has been communicated . +On the contrary , even in the heart of `` the Bible belt '' itself , as can be attested by any one who is called to work there , the industrial and technological revolutions have long been under way , together with the corresponding changes in man's picture of himself and his world . +

+

In fact , it is in just such a situation that the profundity of Bultmann's argument is disclosed . +Although the theological forms of the past continue to exist in a way they do not in a more secularized situation , the striking thing is the rapidity with which they are being reduced to a marginal existence . +This is especially in evidence among the present generation of the suburban middle class . +Time and again in counseling and teaching , one encounters members of this group whose attempts to bring into some kind of unity the insubstantial mythologies of their `` fundamentalist '' heritage and the stubborn reality of the modern world are only too painfully obvious . +

+

The same thing is also evidenced by the extreme `` culture-Protestantism '' so often observed to characterize the preaching and teaching of the American churches . +In the absence of a truly adequate conceptuality in which the gospel can be expressed , the unavoidable need to demythologize it makes use of whatever resources are at hand -- and this usually means one or another of the various forms of `` folk religion '' current in the situation . +This is not to say that the only explanation of the present infatuation with Norman Vincent Peale's `` cult of reassurance '' or the other types of a purely cultural Christianity is the ever-present need for a demythologized gospel . +But it is to say that this need is far more important for such infatuation than most of the pundits seem to have suspected . +

+

However , even if the latent demand for demythologization is not nearly as widespread as we are claiming , at least among the cultured elements of the population there tends to be an almost complete indifference to the church and its traditional message of sin and grace . +To be sure , when this is pointed out , a common response among certain churchmen is to fulminate about `` the little flock '' and `` the great crowd '' and to take solace from Paul's castigation of the `` wisdom of the wise '' in the opening chapter of First Corinthians . +But can we any longer afford the luxury of such smug indigation ? ? +Can the church risk assuming that the `` folly '' of men is as dear to God as their `` wisdom '' , or , as is also commonly implied , that `` the foolishness of God '' and `` the foolishness of men '' are simply two ways of talking about the same thing ? ? +Can we continue to alienate precisely those whose gifts we so desperately need and apart from whose co-operation our mission in the world must become increasingly precarious ? ? +

+

There is an ancient and venerable tradition in the church ( which derives , however , from the heritage of the Greeks rather than from the Bible ) that God is completely independent of his creation and so has no need of men for accomplishing his work in the world . +By analogy , the church also has been regarded as entirely independent of the `` world '' in the sense of requiring nothing from it in order to be the church . +But , as Scripture everywhere reminds us , God does have need of his creatures , and the church , a fortiori , can ill afford to do without the talents with which the world , by God's providence , presents it . +

+

And yet this is exactly the risk we run when we assume , as we too often do , that we can continue to preach the gospel in a form that makes it seem incredible and irrelevant to cultured men . +Until we translate this gospel into a language that enlightened men today can understand , we are depriving ourselves of the very resources on which the continued success of our witness most certainly depends . +

+

In arguing in this way , we are obviously taking for granted that a demythologized restatement of the kerygma can be achieved ; ; +and that we firmly believe this will presently become evident when we set forth reasons to justify such a conviction . +But the main point here is that even if such a restatement were not possible , the demand to demythologize the kerygma would still be unavoidable . +

+

This is what we mean when we say this demand must be accepted without condition . +If to be a Christian means to say yes where I otherwise say no , or where I do not have the right to say anything at all , then my only choice is to refuse to be a Christian . +Expressed differently : if the price for becoming a faithful follower of Jesus Christ is some form of self-destruction , whether of the body or of the mind -- sacrificium corporis , sacrificium intellectus -- then there is no alternative but that the price remain unpaid . +

+

This must be stressed because it is absolutely essential to the argument of this concluding chapter . +Modern man , as Dietrich Bonhoeffer has told us , has `` come of age '' ; ; +and though this process by no means represents an unambiguous gain and is , in fact , marked by the estrangement from the depths that seems to be the cost of human maturation , it is still a positive step forward ; ; +and those of us who so richly benefit from it should be the last to despise it . +In any event , it is an irreversible step , and if we are at all honest with ourselves , we will know we have no other alternative than to live in the world in which God has seen fit to place us . +

+

To say this , of course , is to take up a position on one side of a controversy going on now for some two hundred years , or , at any rate , since the beginning of the distinctively modern period in theological thought . +We have aligned ourselves with that `` liberal '' tradition in Protestant Christianity that counts among the great names in its history those of Schleiermacher , Ritschl , Herrmann , Harnack , and Troeltsch , and more recently , Schweitzer and the early Barth and , in part at least , Bultmann . +It is to this same tradition that most of the creative figures in the last century and a half of American theology also belong . +For we must number here not only the names of Bushnell , Clarke , and Rauschenbusch , not to mention those of `` the Chicago School '' and Macintosh , but those of the brothers Niebuhr and ( if America may claim him ! ! +) Tillich as well . +Finally , we may also mention the several members of the self-consciously `` neoliberal '' movement that developed at the University of Chicago and is heavily indebted philosophically to the creative work of Alfred North Whitehead . +

+

What makes this long and diverse tradition essentially one is that those who have belonged to it have been profoundly in earnest about being modern men in a distinctively modern world . +Although they have also been concerned to stand squarely within the tradition of the apostolic church , they have exhibited no willingness whatever to sacrifice their modernity to their Christianity . +They have insisted , rather , on living fully and completely within modern culture and , so far from considering this treason to God , have looked upon it as the only way they could be faithful to him . +

+

When we say , then , that today , in our situation , the demand for demythologization must be accepted without condition , we are simply saying that at least this much of the liberal tradition is an enduring achievement . +However much we may have to criticize liberal theology's constructive formulations , the theology we ourselves must strive to formulate can only go beyond liberalism , not behind it . +

+

In affirming this we have already taken the decisive step in breaking the deadlock into which Bultmann's attempt to formulate such a theology has led . +For we have said , in effect , that of the two alternatives to his position variously represented by the other participants in the demythologizing discussion , only one is really an alternative . +If the demand for demythologization is unavoidable and so must be accepted by theology unconditionally , the position of the `` right '' is clearly untenable . +Whereas Bultmann's `` center '' position is structurally inconsistent and is therefore indefensible on formal grounds alone , the general position of the `` right '' , as represented , say , by Karl Barth , involves the rejection or at least qualification of the demand for demythologization and so is invalidated on the material grounds we have just considered . +

+

It follows , then , provided the possibilities have been exhausted , that the only real alternative is the general viewpoint of the `` left '' , which has been represented on the Continent by Fritz Buri and , to some extent at least , is found in much that is significant in American and English theology . +

+

In order to make the implications of our position as clear as possible , we may develop this argument at greater length . +

+

We may show , first , that there cannot possibly be an alternative other than the three typically represented by Bultmann , Barth , and Buri . +To do this , it is sufficient to point out that if the principle in terms of which alternatives are to be conceived is such as to exclude more than two , then the question of a `` third '' possibility is a meaningless question . +Thus , if what is at issue is whether `` All S is P '' , it is indifferent whether `` Some S is not P '' or `` No S is P '' , since in either case the judgment in question is false . +Hence , if what is in question is whether in a given theology myth is or is not completely rejected , it is unimportant whether only a little bit of myth or a considerable quantity is accepted ; ; +for , in either event , the first possibility is excluded . +Therefore , the only conceivable alternatives are those represented , on the one hand , by the two at least apparently self-consistent but mutually exclusive positions of Buri and Barth and , on the other hand , by the third but really pseudo position ( analogous to a round square ) of Bultmann . +

+

A second point requires more extended comment . +It will be recalled from the discussion in Section 7 that the position of the `` right '' , as represented by Barth , rests on the following thesis : The only tenable alternative to Bultmann's position is a theology that ( 1 ) rejects or at least qualifies his unconditioned demand for demythologization and existential interpretation ; ; +( 2 ) accepts instead a special biblical hermeneutics or method of interpretation ; ; +and ( 3 ) in so doing , frees itself to give appropriate emphasis to the event Jesus Christ by means of statements that , from Bultmann's point of view , are mythological . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/d06.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/d06.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bfe26908c198f46be91cee6764eeb654e047d6bb --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/d06.xml @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +Sample D06 from Tracts published by American Tract Society, 513 West 166th St., + New York 32, N.Y.1961. Not copyright. + Howard A. Kelly, M.D., F.A.C.S. "Out of Doubt..." + Shirley E. Schuyler, R.N."Not As the World Giveth" + Nathanael Olson"Are You In Orbit?" +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,015 words 275 (13.6%) quotesD06

Tracts published by American Tract Society, 513 West 166th St., + New York 32, N.Y.1961. Not copyright. +

Typographical Errors: acording [0620]Note: Biblical quotations in all three

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

I have , within the past fifty years , come out of all uncertainty into a faith which is a dominating conviction of the Truth and about which I have not a shadow of doubt . +It has been my lot all through life to associate with eminent scientists and at times to discuss with them the deepest and most vital of all questions , the nature of the hope of a life beyond this . +I have also constantly engaged in scientific work and am fully aware of the value of opinions formed in science as well as in the religions in the world . +In an amateurish , yet in a very real sense , I have followed the developments of archaeology , geology , astronomy , herpetology , and mycology with a hearty appreciation of the advances being made in these fields . +

+

At one time I became disturbed in the faith in which I had grown up by the apparent inroads being made upon both Old and New Testaments by a `` Higher Criticism '' of the Bible , to refute which I felt the need of a better knowledge of Hebrew and of archaeology , for it seemed to me that to pull out some of the props of our faith was to weaken the entire structure . +

+

Doubts thus inculcated left me floundering for a while and , like some higher critical friends , trying to continue to use the Bible as the Word of God while at the same time holding it to have been subjected to a vast number of redactions and interpolations : attempting to bridge the chasm between an older , reverent , Bible-loving generation and a critical , doubting , Bible-emancipated race . +Although still aware of a great light and glow of warmth in the Book , I stood outside shivering in the cold . +

+

In one thing the higher critics , like the modernists , however , overreached themselves , in claiming that the Gospel of John was not written in John's time but well after the first century , perhaps as late as 150 A.D. . +Now , if any part of the Bible is assuredly the very Word of God speaking through His servant , it is John's Gospel . +To ask me to believe that so inexpressibly marvelous a book was written long after all the events by some admiring follower , and was not inspired directly by the Spirit of God , is asking me to accept a miracle far greater than any of those recorded in the Bible . +Here I took my leave of my learned friends to step out on another path , to which we might give the modern name of Pragmatism , or the thing that works . +Test it , try it , and if it works , accept it as a guiding principle . +

+

So , I put my Bible to the practical test of noting what it says about itself , and then tested it to see how it worked . +As a short , possibly not the best method , I looked up `` Word '' in the Concordance and noted that the Bible claims from Genesis 1 to Revelation 22 to be God's personal message to man . +The next traditional step then was to accept it as the authoritative textbook of the Christian faith just as one would accept a treatise on any earthly `` science '' , and I submitted to its conditions according to Christ's invitation and promise that , `` If any man will do his will , he shall know of the doctrine , whether it be of God , or whether I speak of myself '' ( John 7 : 17 ) . +

+

The outcome of such an experiment has been in due time the acceptance of the Bible as the Word of God inspired in a sense utterly different from any merely human book , and with it the acceptance of our Lord Jesus Christ as the only begotten Son of God , Son of Man by the Virgin Mary , the Saviour of the world . +

+

I believe , therefore , that we are without exception sinners , by nature alienated from God , and that Jesus Christ , the Son of God , came to earth , the representative Head of a new race , to die upon the cross and pay the penalty of the sin of the world , and that he who thus receives Christ as his personal Saviour is `` born again '' spiritually , with new privileges , appetites , and affections , destined to live and grow in His likeness forever . +Nor can any man save himself by good works or by a commendable `` moral life '' , although such works are the natural fruits and evidences of a saving faith already received and naturally expressing itself through such avenues . +

+

I now ever look for Christ according to His promises and those of the Old Testament as well , to appear again in glory to put away all sin and to reign in righteousness over the whole earth . +

+

To state fully what the Bible means as my daily spiritual food is as intimate and difficult as to formulate the reasons for loving my nearest and dearest relatives and friends . +The Bible is as obviously and truly food for the spirit as bread is food for the body . +Again , as faith reveals God my Father and Christ my Saviour , I follow without question where He leads me daily by His Spirit of love , wisdom , power and prayer . +I place His precepts and His leadings above every seeming probability , dismissing cherished convictions and holding the wisdom of man as folly when opposed to Him . +I discern no limits to a faith vested in God and Christ , who is the sum of all wisdom and knowledge , and daring to trust Him even though called to stand alone before the world . +

+

Our Lord's invitation with its implied promise to all is , `` Come and see '' . +

+

I stood at the bedside of my patient one day and beheld a very sick man in terrible pain . +As I ministered to his needs , I noticed that his face was radiant in spite of his suffering and I learned that he was trusting not only in the skill of his doctor and nurse but also the Lord . +

+

In his heart he had that peace of which the Lord spoke when He said , `` Peace I leave with you , my peace I give unto you : not as the world giveth , give I unto you . +Let not your heart be troubled , neither let it be afraid '' . +

+

What a joy to realize that we , too , can claim this promise tendered by the Lord during His earthly ministry to a group of men who were very dear to Him . +He was about to leave them , to depart from this world , and return to His Father in Heaven . +Before He left them He promised that His peace would be their portion to abide in their hearts and minds . +

+

I praise God for the privilege of being a nurse who has that peace through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ . +It makes my work a great deal easier to be able to pray for the Lord's guidance while ministering to the physical needs of my patients . +

+

How often have I looked to Jesus when entering the sick room , asking for His presence and help in my professional duties as I give my talents not only as the world giveth but as one who loves the Saviour and His creatures . +

+

Looking unto God , the Prophet Isaiah wrote these blessed words almost three thousand years ago : `` Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace , whose mind is stayed on thee : because he trusteth in thee '' . +

+

Are you longing for peace in your heart ? ? +Such a calm and assuring peace can be yours . +As only a member of the family can share in the innermost joys of the family , likewise one must belong to the family of God in order to receive the benefits that are promised to those who are His own . +

+

Perhaps you are not His child . +Perhaps you do not know if you belong to Him . +You may know that you are in God's family and be just as sure of it as you are that you belong to the family of your earthly father . +

+

`` God so loved the world , that he gave his only begotten Son , that whosoever believeth in him should not perish , but have everlasting life '' , and `` as many as received him , to them gave He power to become the sons of God , even to them that believe on His name '' . +

+

It is to those who believe on His name and belong to Him that He gives His peace ; ; +not that empty peace the world offers , but a deep , abiding peace which nothing can destroy . +

+

Why not open your heart to the Lord Jesus Christ now , accept Him as your Saviour and let Him fill you with peace that only He can give . +

+

Then , with the hymn writer of old , you can say : +

+

`` I am resting today in His wonderful peace , +

+

Resting sweetly in Jesus' control . +

+

I am kept from all danger by night and by day , +

+

And His glory is flooding my soul '' . +

+

Satellites , sputniks , rockets , balloons ; ; +what next ? ? +Our necks are stiff from gazing at the wonders of outer space , which have captured the imagination of the American public . +Cape Canaveral's achievements thunder forth from the radio , television , and newspaper . +

+

While we are filling outer space with scientific successes , for many the `` inner '' space of their soul is an aching void . +

+

Proof ? ? +An average of 50 suicides are reported in America each day ! ! +One out of every three or four marriages ends in divorce ! ! +Over $200,000,000 is paid yearly to the 80,000 full-time fortune-tellers in the United States by fearful mankind who want to `` know '' what the future holds ! ! +Delinquency , juvenile and adult , is at an all-time high ! ! +Further proof ? ? +Read your daily newspaper ! ! +

+

Unfortunately , in our rush to beat the Russians , we have forgotten these truth-packed words of Jesus Christ : `` What shall it profit a man , if he shall gain the whole world ( that includes outer space ) , and lose his own soul ? ? +Or what shall a man give in exchange for his soul '' ? ? +( Mark 36 , 37 ) . +

+

Gaining outer space and losing `` inner '' space is bad business according to God's standards . +

+

It is true that we must keep up our national defenses and scientific accomplishments ; ; +only a fool would think otherwise . +But we must not forget man's soul . +

+

Is putting a rocket in orbit half so significant as the good news that God put His Son , Jesus Christ , on earth to live and die to save our hell-bound souls ? ? +`` For God so loved the world , that he gave his only begotten Son , that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish , but have everlasting life '' ( John 3 : : +16 ) . +

+

Never forget that a chain is only as strong as its weakest link . +Your spiritual `` inner '' space helps determine the spirituality of America as a nation . +We trust you are not one of the 70,000,000 Americans who do not attend church , but who feel that various forms of recreation are more important than worshipping the God who made our country great . +

+

Is forgiveness of past sins , assurance of present help , and hope of future bliss in your orbit ? ? +Or are you trying the devil's substitutes to relieve that spiritual hunger you feel within ? ? +Pleasure , fame and fortune , drowning your troubles with a drink , and `` living it up '' with the gang are like candy bars when you're hungry : they may ease your hunger temporarily , but they'll never take the place of a satisfying , mouth-watering steak . +

+

So it is spiritually . +No amount of religious ceremonies or even joining a church will relieve the gnawing of your `` inner '' space . +Why ? ? +Because your soul was made to be filled with God Himself , not religious functions `` about '' Him . +Only He can satisfy the deepest longings . +That is why the Bible commands you to `` Taste and see that the Lord is good : blessed ( happy ) is the man that trusteth in Him '' ( Psalm 34 : 8 ) . +

+

You can receive God into your heart and life by a step of personal faith . +Accept the sinless Son of God , Jesus Christ , as your own personal Saviour . +`` As many as received Him ( Jesus ) , to them gave He power to become the sons of God , even to them that believe on his name '' . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/d17.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/d17.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce4bbaef0148d8eca59222352fca6b7617f46b57 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/d17.xml @@ -0,0 +1,198 @@ +Sample D17 from Guideposts + January, 1961, Pp. 1-5 "Guideposts: 15th Anniversary Issues + February, 1961, Pp. 1-3 "The Night Our Paper Died" by J.I.Rivero +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,019 words 63 (3.1%) quotes 2 symbolsD17

Copyright by Guideposts Associates, Inc. Used by permission

 Guideposts +

Typographical Error: brain-wracking [1060]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

I am a magazine ; ; +my name is Guideposts ; ; +this issue that you are reading marks my 15th anniversary . +

+

When I came into being , 15 years ago , I had one primary purpose : to help men and women everywhere to know God better , and through knowing Him better to become happier and more effective people . +That purpose has never changed . +

+

When you read me , you are holding in your hands the product of many minds and hearts . +Some of the people who speak through my pages are famous ; ; +others unknown . +Some work with their hands . +Some have walked through pain and sorrow to bring you their message of hope . +Some are so filled with gratitude , for the gift of life and the love of God , that their joy spills out on the paper and brightens the lives of thousands whom they have never known , and will never see . +

+

Fifteen years ago , there were no Guideposts at all . +This month a million Guideposts will circulate all over the world . +Experts in the publishing field consider this astounding . +They do not understand how a small magazine with no advertising and no newsstand sale could have achieved such a following . +

+

To me , the explanation is very simple . +I am not doing anything , of myself . +I am merely a channel for something . +

+

What is this something ? ? +I cannot define it fully . +It is the force in the universe that makes men love goodness , even when they turn away from it . +It is the power that holds the stars in their orbits , but allows the wind to bend a blade of grass . +It is the whisper in the heart that urges each one to be better than he is . +It is mankind's wistful yearning for a world of justice and peace . +

+

All things are possible to God , but He chooses -- usually -- to work through people . +Sometimes such people sense that they are being used ; ; +sometimes not . +

+

Fifteen years ago , troubled by the rising tide of materialism in the post-war world , a businessman and a minister asked themselves if there might not be a place for a small magazine in which men and women , regardless of creed or color , could set forth boldly their religious convictions and bear witness to the power of faith to solve the endless problems of living . +

+

The businessman was Raymond Thornburg . +The minister was Norman Vincent Peale . +Neither had any publishing experience , but they had faith in their idea . +They borrowed a typewriter , raised about $2,000 in contributions , hired a secretary , persuaded a couple of young men to join them for almost no pay and began mailing out a collection of unstapled leaflets that they called Guideposts . +

+

Compared to the big , established magazines , my first efforts seemed feeble indeed . +But from the start they had two important ingredients : sincerity and realism . +The people who told the stories were sincere . +And the stories they told were true . +

+

For example , early in my life , when one of my editorial workers wanted to find out how churches and philanthropic organizations met the needs of New York's down-and-outers , he didn't just ask questions . +Len LeSourd went and lived in the slums as a sidewalk derelict for ten days . +

+

That was nearly 13 years ago . +Len LeSourd is my executive editor today . +

+

Many of you are familiar , I'm sure , with the story of my early struggles : the fire in January , 1947 , that destroyed everything -- even our precious list of subscribers . +The help and sympathy that were forthcoming from everywhere . +The crisis later on when debts seemed about to overwhelm me . +

+

That was when a remarkable woman , Teresa Durlach , came to my aid -- not so much with money , as with wisdom and courage . +`` You're not living up to your own principles '' , she told my discouraged people . +`` You're so preoccupied that you've let your faith grow dim . +What do you want -- a hundred thousand subscribers ? ? +Visualize them , then , believe you are getting them , and you will have them '' ! ! +

+

And the 100,000 subscribers became a reality . +And then 500,000 . +And now a million January Guideposts are in circulation . +

+

With our growth came expansion into new fields of service . +Today more than a thousand industries distribute me to their employees . +They say all personnel have spiritual needs which Guideposts helps to meet . +Hundreds of civic clubs , business firms and individuals make me available to school teachers throughout the land . +They say it helps them bring back into schools the spiritual and moral values on which this country was built . +

+

Thousands of free copies are sent each month to chaplains in the Armed Forces , to prison libraries and to hospitals everywhere . +Bedridden people say I am easy to hold -- and read . +Three years ago it became possible to finance a Braille edition for blind readers . +

+

Throughout these exciting years I have been fortunate for , although I have never offered great financial inducements , talent has found its way to me : William Boal who so ably organizes business operations ; ; +John Beach who guides circulation ; ; +Irving Granville and Nelson Rector who travel widely calling on business firms . +

+

Searching for the best in spiritual stories , my roving editors cover not only the country , but the whole world . +Glenn Kittler has been twice to Africa , once spending a week with Dr. Albert Schweitzer . +Last summer John and Elizabeth Sherrill were in Alaska . +Van Varner recently returned from Russia . +

+

Twice a month the editorial staff meets in New York for an early supper , then a long evening of idea-exchange . +Around the table sit Protestant , Catholic , and Jew . +Each contributes something different , and something important : Ruth Peale , her wide experience in church work ; ; +Sidney Fields , years of experience as a New York columnist ; ; +Catherine Marshall LeSourd , the insight that has made her books world-famous and Norm Mullendore , the keen perception of an advertising executive . +

+

There are people who travel long distances to assure my continued existence . +Elaine St. Johns may fly in from the West Coast for the editorial staff meetings . +Starr Jones gets up every morning at five o'clock , milks his family cow , attends to farm chores , and then takes a two-hour train trip to New York . +Arthur Gordon comes once a month all the way from Georgia . +

+

We have also seen the power of faith at work among us . +Rose Weiss , who handles all the prayer-requests that we receive , answering each letter personally , has the serene selflessness that comes from suffering : she has had many major operations , and now gets about in a limited way on braces and crutches . +Recently , John Sherrill was stricken with one of the deadliest forms of cancer . +We prayed for John , during surgery , we asked others to pray ; ; +all over the country a massive shield of prayer was thrown around him . +Today the cancer is gone . +

+

Perhaps it is not fair to mention some people without mentioning all . +But , you see , those who are not mentioned will not resent it . +That is the kind of people they are . +

+

Perhaps you think the editorial meetings are solemn affairs , a little sanctimonious ? ? +Not so . +Serious , yes , but also much laughter . +Sharp division of opinion , too , and strenuous debate . +There are brain-wracking searches for the right word , the best phrase , the most helpful idea . +And there is also something intangible that hovers around the table . +A good word for it is fellowship . +A shorter word is . +

+

Each meeting starts with a prayer , offered spontaneously by one member of the group . +It takes many forms , this prayer , but in essence it is always a request for guidance , for open minds and gentle hearts , for honesty and sincerity , for the wisdom and the insights that will help Guideposts' readers . +

+

For you , readers , are an all-important part of the spiritual experiment that is Guideposts . +I need your support , your criticism , your encouragement , your prayers . +

+

I am a magazine ; ; +my name is Guideposts . +My message , today , is the same as it was 15 years ago : that there is goodness in people , and strength and love in God . +

+

May He bless you all . +

+

Havana was filled with an excitement which you could see in the brightness of men's eyes and hear in the pitch of their voices . +The hated dictator Batista had fled . +Rumors flew from lip to lip that Fidel Castro was on his way to Havana , coming from the mountains where he had fought Batista for five years . +Already the city was filled with Barbudos , the bearded , war-dirty Revolutionaries , carrying carbines , waving to the crowds that lined the Prado . +

+

And then Castro himself did come , bearded , smiling ; ; +yet if you looked closely you'd see that his eyes did not pick up the smile on his lips . +

+

At first I was happy to throw the support of our newspaper behind this man . +I am sure that Castro was happy , too , about that support . +Diario De La Marina was the oldest and most influential paper in Cuba , with a reputation for speaking out against tyranny . +My grandfather had been stoned because of his editorials . +My own earliest memories are of exiles : my three brothers and I were taken often to the United States `` to visit relatives '' while my father stayed on to fight the dictator Machado . +

+

When it was my turn , I , too , printed the truth as I knew it about Batista , and rejoiced to see his regime topple . +None of us was aware that the biggest fight was still ahead . +

+

I was full of hope as Fidel Castro came into Havana . +Within a week , however , I began to suspect that something was wrong . +For Castro was bringing Cuba not freedom , but hatred . +He spent long hours before the TV spitting out promises of revenge . +He showed us how he dealt with his enemies : he executed them before TV cameras . +On home sets children were watching the death throes of men who were shot before the paredon , the firing wall . +

+

Castro's reforms ? ? +He seemed bent on coupling them with vengeance . +New schools were rising , but with this went a harsh proclamation : any academic degree earned during Batista's regime was invalid . +

+

Economic aid ? ? +He had promised cheaper housing : arbitrarily he cut all rents in half , whether the landlord was a millionaire speculator or a widow whose only income was the rental of a spare room . +Under another law , hundreds of farms were seized . +Farm workers had their wages cut almost in half . +Of this , only 50 cents a day was paid in cash , the rest in script usable only in `` People's Stores '' . +

+

A suspicion was growing that Fidel Castro was a Communist . +In my mind , I began to review : his use of hate to gain support ; ; +his People's Courts ; ; +his division of society into two classes , one the hero , the other the villain . +But most disturbing of all were the advisers he called to sit with him in the Palace ; ; +many came from Communist countries . +

+

What should I do about it , I asked myself ? ? +I had watched Castro handling his enemies before the paredon . +There was no doubt in my mind that if I crossed him , mobs would appear outside our windows shouting `` Paredon ! ! +Paredon ! ! +

+

What should I do ? ? +I was proud of the new buildings which housed Diario now : the rotogravures , gleaming behind glass doors ; ; +the thump and whir of our new presses . +Here was a powerful , ready-made medium , but it could speak only if I told it to . +

+

Then one day , early in January , 1960 , I sat down at my desk , and suddenly I was aware of the crucifix . +It was a simple ivory crucifix which my mother had given me . +I had mounted it on velvet and hung it over my desk to remind me always to use the power of the paper in a Christian manner . +Now it seemed almost as if Jesus were looking down at me with sadness in His eyes , saying : +

+

`` You will lose the paper . +You may lose your life . +But do you have any choice '' ? ? +

+

I knew in that moment that I did not have any choice . +From that day on I began to write editorials about the things I did not think correct in Fidel Castro's regime . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/e07.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/e07.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5d24ae817f192264362b81ee07fad5df1759f2f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/e07.xml @@ -0,0 +1,168 @@ +Sample E07 from Paul Larson and Gordon Odegard, "How to design your Interlocking Frame," + Model Railroader, 28:2 (February, 1961), 57-65 + Used by permission. 0010-1750 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,080 words 33 (1.6%) quotes 19 symbols 13 formulasE07

Paul Larson and Gordon Odegard, "How to design your Interlocking Frame," + Model Railroader, 28:2 (February, 1961), 57-65 + Used by permission. 0010-1750 +

Arbitrary Hyphens: snug-fitting [1370]Note: the connection...concist [0120-0130]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The design of a mechanical interlocking frame is much like a mechanical puzzle , but once understood , the principles can be applied to any track and signal arrangement . +In the frame are two sets of bars which interact with each other to prevent the operator from making dangerous moves . +The main set of bars are the `` tappets '' and one tappet is connected to each lever . +If the lever is pulled to clear a signal or move a switch , the tappet moves a short distance lengthwise at the same time . +

+

Close behind the plane of the tappets are the locking bars . +These can also move a short distance but at right angles to the tappets . +The number of locking bars required depends on how many false moves must be prevented . +

+

In the sides of the tappets are notches with sloping sides , and connection between the tappets and locking bars consist of cams called `` dogs '' . +Two or more dogs are mounted on each locking bar . +These slide into and out of the notches in the tappets as the tappets are moved , locking and unlocking them . +

+

Here's how the scheme works : Suppose the operator pulls the lever to clear a particular signal . +This also pulls the tappet connected to the particular lever and forces any dogs seated in the notches to the side , thus moving one or more locking bars . +The dogs on the other ends of these locking bars are thus forced into notches in other tappets . +By this scheme , pulling one signal to clear locks all the other switch and signal levers in safe positions until the first signal is again restored to normal . +

+

Interlocking signals are normally at stop or `` red '' position , and a lever must be pulled to `` clear '' the signal . +This is not necessarily to green , however , for in some situations only a yellow indication is given to a train to let it into the `` plant '' . +

+

There are other basic rules . +A turnout may have two levers , one to actually move the switch points , the other to lock the points . +A signal cannot be cleared until all the related turnouts are properly thrown and locked . +Such locks are nearly always used where the switch points `` face '' oncoming traffic . +The lock insures that the points are thrown all the way with no chance that a wheel flange will snag on a partly thrown point . +If the points aren't thrown all the way , the Turnout cannot be locked , and in turn , the signal cannot be cleared . +Generally , these locks on turnouts are called `` facing point locks '' . +

+

Figs. 1-6 show typical arrangements of track and signals . +Each diagram is accompanied by a `` dog chart '' , a list of the levers that show which other levers any particular lever will lock if pulled . +The lines connecting the wedge-shaped dogs represent the locking bars at right angles to the tappet bars . +

+

By studying the track-signal diagrams you'll note several other details . +Derails -- mechanical track devices that actually guide the wheels off the rails if a train passes a `` stop '' signal -- are used in many instances . +`` Home '' signals have two blades . +The blacked-in blades indicate a fixed aspect -- the blade does not move . +As an engineer approaches the plant the position of the home signal is seen in advance when he passes the `` distant '' signal located beyond the limits of the interlocking plant . +In some low-speed situations , the distant signal is fixed at caution . +In other instances where there is no automatic block signaling , the distant has only green and yellow aspects . +

+

So much for the prototype . +

+

The interlocking frame we built at the model railroader workshop and then installed on Paul Larson's railroad follows the Fig. 1 scheme and is shown beginning in Fig. 7 , page 65 , and in the photos . +Here's how it can be built . +

+

Frame +The sizes of pieces needed for the interlocking frame are shown in the notes within Fig. 7 , most of the bars being 1/8'' '' brass in 1/4'' '' and 1/2'' '' widths . +You may change the dimensions to suit a frame for more or fewer levers and locks as you wish . +Our instructions assume you are building this particular frame , which is for a junction . +

+

When cutting the pieces , dress the ends smooth , and square with a smooth file or sanding disk . +Start with the right-hand piece `` B '' , Af , soldering it to the lower piece `` A '' of the same material but 12'' '' long . +Let exactly 1'' '' of `` A '' extend beyond `` B '' and use a square to check your angle to exactly 90 degrees . +

+

Now lay 12 pieces of Af cut 5-3/4'' '' long side by side but separated by 12 pieces of the same material 1/2'' '' sq. . +This gives you the spacing for locating the left-hand piece `` B '' . +Compress the assembly when you make the mark to show the location for `` B '' . +Solder this second `` B '' to `` A '' at right angles . +There should be 10'' '' between the two parallel members and each should be 1'' '' from an end of the long piece . +

+

Cap this assembly ( with spacing bars in place ) with a Af bar . +Tack-solder all the 1/2'' '' sq. pieces to the 10'' '' and 12'' '' members . +These will be drilled and tapped later on . +

+

Now cut five Af locking bar spacers ( which run horizontally ) . +Position these using six intermediate temporary Af spacers and locate the upper 12'' '' bar `` A '' . +Solder it and the five locking bar spacers to the frame . +Now place 12 pieces 1/2'' '' sq. on this edge as we did before and space them with the 5-3/4'' '' long `` tappets '' , as they are called . +Cap with a Af bar and tack-solder in place . +Cap the locking bar spacers with two Af directly under the first two `` B '' pieces . +Remove all the loose spacing bars . +

+

Mark and center-punch all the holes required for screws to hold this assembly together . +See Fig. 7 . +Placement of these holes is not critical , but they should be located so that the centers are about 1/8'' '' from any edge . +Drill all No. 50 and counter-drill all except the `` A '' pieces size 43 . +Tap the `` A '' pieces 2-56 . +

+

Now unsolder and disassemble the frame except for the two 12'' '' and the first two 3-3/4'' '' bars ( `` A '' and `` B '' pieces ) , which are soldered together . +Either lay the components aside in proper order or code them with numbers and letters so they may be replaced in their proper positions . +Dress all surfaces with a file , cleaning off all solder and drilling burrs . +

+

Drill 20 No. 47 holes in the upper piece `` A '' as shown in Fig. 7 . +Tap these 3-48 for mounting the electrical contact later on . +Note , 6 and 8 lock levers don't require holes for contacts . +

+

Now reassemble the frame , using Af roundhead steel screws and nuts . +Put the 12 tappets and some Af locking bar spacers in the frame to help align all the components before you tighten the screws . +Be sure the tappets are not pinched by a twisted 1/2'' '' sq. spacer . +As an anchor for the spring lock , insert a Af bar in the lower left corner of the frame as shown in Fig. 7 . +Drill a No. 43 hole through the pieces and secure with a 2-56 nut and screw . +Drill two No. 50 holes , one in the insert and one in the locking bar spacer directly above it , and tap 2-56 . +Number all the tappet bars before removing them so they can be replaced in the same slots . +Remove all other loose pieces and file the edges of the basic frame smooth . +Cut five pieces of Af brass bar stock 3-3/4'' '' long . +These are supporting members for the short locking bars . +Locate their positions in Fig. 7 and drill No. 43 to match the corresponding holes in the frame . +Cut off excess screw lengths and file flush with either frame or nut . +Drill four No. 19 and four No. 28 holes in the 12'' '' long `` A '' pieces . +Locate the position from Fig. 7 . +

+

Tappets and locking bars +Draw-file No. 1 tappet to a smooth fit in its respective slot and square the ends . +Break the end corners with a slight 45 degree chamfer . +Drill a No. 50 hole 1-1/4'' '' from one end and tap 2-56 . +( See Fig. 7 . +) Put a 2-56 roundhead screw into the hole , cut off the excess threads and file flush with the underside of the bar . +To find the other stop screw position , insert the tappet into the frame and hold the screw head tight against the frame edge . +Scribe a line across the bar on the other end of the tappet , 1/4'' '' plus half the diameter of the 2-56 screw head ( about 5/64'' '' ) away from the frame edge . +Total distance is about 21/64'' '' . +Tend to make this dimension slightly undersize so you can file the screw head to get exactly 1/4'' '' tappet movement . +Drill a No. 50 hole , tap 2-56 and insert a roundhead 2-56 screw as you did on the first end . +Drill a No. 47 hole crosswise through the tappet at the position shown in Figs. 7 and 8 . +Repeat these drill and tap operations for each of the tappet bars . +

+

To each tappet except 6 and 8 , solder a Af piece of brass and file to the tapered shape shown in Figs. 6 and 8 . +These will serve as lifting pads for the electrical contacts . +

+

Fitting the locking bars and making the locking pieces is a rather tedious job since stop screws , tappets and locking bars must be removed and replaced many times . +As the work progresses the frame and moving parts become a sort of Chinese puzzle where several pieces must be removed before the part you are working on is accessible . +A little extra work here will pay off with a smooth , snug-fitting machine when you are finished . +Each completed locking bar should remain in place as the work progresses to insure snug fitting . +

+

The order of fitting is not too important . +However , we started with the first row of bars and worked our way back . +Since the same method of shaping and fitting the dogs and notches is used throughout , we will only describe the construction of one locking bar . +Figs. 7 and 8 give all pertinent dimensions . +All the bars are cut from Af brass . +The lengths of each piece are listed at the bottom of Fig. 7 . +Bar `` C '' is 2-3/4'' '' long . +Draw-file the edges , square up the ends and put a slight chamfer on the edges so they will not snag in the frame . +

+

Fig. 8 gives the dimensions for locating the dog-pin holes . +Center-punch and drill the No. 31 hole 7/16'' '' from one end of the bar . +Chuck a length of 1/8'' '' dia. drill rod into a drill press or some similar turning device and while it is rotating file the end square and then file a slight taper 1/8'' '' long . +Cut the piece about 9/32'' '' or 5/16'' '' long and drive it into the No. 31 hole drilled in the locking bar . +File the bottom edge flush with the bar and the top 1/8'' '' above the bar . +This dog will engage a notch to be cut in tappet 3 . +

+

Place the locking bar in proper position and insert tappet 3 . +Scribe a line through the center of the pin and across the face of tappet 3 , parallel to piece `` A '' . +See the drawings for the shape of the notch . +Scribe V-shaped lines on the bar and rough out with either a hack saw or a cutting disk in a hand power tool . +We used the latter equipped with a carborundum disk about +

+

'' thick and 1'' '' dia. fitted on a 1/8'' '' dia. mandrel . +Such disks are very handy for cutting and shaping small parts . +File to a smooth finish . +A Barrette Swiss pattern file is handy since its triangular shape with only one cutting face will allow you to work a surface without marring an adjoining one . +Endeavor to get the notches as much alike as possible . +The notch should have a smooth finish so that the steel dog will slide easily over it . +Assemble the parts in the frame and test the sliding action of the mating pieces . +All matching surfaces should be checked frequently and mated on a cut and fit basis . +

+

Chuck a 2'' '' or 3'' '' piece of 1/8'' '' dia. drill rod in a drill press or electric hand tool . +Fashion a sharp scribing point about 3/64'' '' long on one end , using Swiss pattern files . +This tool can also be made with a lathe . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/e14.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/e14.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3226f30936f24191efddc6ca71e6f8c8b44ffdc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/e14.xml @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ +Sample E14 from Ann Carnahan, Nick Manero's Cook-out Barbeque Book + New York: Fawcett Publications, Inc., 1961. Pp. 13-21 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,026 words 14 (0.7%) quotes 2 symbols 1 formulaE14

Copyright 1961 Fawcett Publications, Inc. Used by permission 0010-1810

 Ann Carnahan, Nick Manero's Cook-out Barbeque Book + New York: Fawcett Publications, Inc., 1961. Pp. 13-21 +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

( Do start fires one or two hours ahead of time to obtain a lasting bed of glowing coals . +Keep ashes from one barbecue to the next to sprinkle over coals if they are too hot , and to stop flames that arise from melting grease . +

+

Do line barbecue fire bowl with heavy foil to reflect heat . +

+

Don't forget to buy a plastic pastry brush for basting with sauces . +Clean it meticulously in boiling water and detergent , rinse thoroughly . +

+

Do build a wall of glowing coals six to eight inches in front of meat that is barbecued on an electric spit . +Make use of the back of the barbecue or of the hood for heating vegetables , sauces and such . +

+

Don't fail to shorten cooking time by the use of aluminum foil cut slightly larger than the surface of steaks and chops . +Sear on both sides then cover meat loosely with heat reflecting foil for juiciest results . +

+

Do avoid puncturing or cutting into meats to test them . +If doubtful about a steak , boldly cut it in half . +If necessary to replace both halves on grill , sear cuts and allot extra time . +For roasts , insert meat thermometer diagonally so it does not rest on bone . +Also make sure thermometer does not touch the revolving spit or hit the coals . +

+

Don't practice a new recipe on guests . +Have a test-run on the family first , to be sure timing and seasoning are right . +

+

Do buy meat the day or the day before you intend to cook it . +Keep it no longer than 36 hours before cooking , and keep it in the coldest ( but non-freezing ) compartment of the refrigerator . +

+

Don't plan meals that are too complicated . +Limit yourself to good meat and drink , with bread , salad , corn or potatoes as accessories . +Keep the desserts simple ; ; +fruit does nicely . +

+

Do whatever kitchen work , such as fixing a salad , preparing garlic bread , or making a marinade sauce , ahead of time . +When you start the outdoor performance , you can stay outdoors without a dozen running trips into the kitchen . +( This goes for getting a drink tray ready , and for having a big cooler full of ice on hand long before the party begins . +

+

Don't think you have to start with the most expensive equipment in the world . +The simplest grill ( pan type ) or inexpensive hibachi can make you a chef . +You need tongs to handle meat ; ; +long forks for turning potatoes and corn ; ; +heavy foil on hand at all times . +And lots of hot pads ! ! +

+

Do keep the grill high enough above the fire so that when fat from meat drips down and flares up , flames cannot reach the meat . +

+

Don't forget to have a supply of Melamine plates , bowls , cups , saucers , and platters for outdoor use . +Made of the world's toughest unbreakable plastic , Melamine dinnerware comes in almost 400 different patterns and dozens of colors . +There is even one set that has `` barbecue '' written on it . +

+

Do without fancy tablecloths . +It's cheaper to buy Wall-Tex and cover your outdoor table . +Or buy half a dozen lengths of oilcloth and change patterns for different kinds of barbecues . +Oilcloth only costs about 79-cents a yard for the very best . +Tougher than plastic , it wears well . +

+

Don't forget -- when you take to the hills or the beach -- that your cooler , which you might have used for wine- or beer-cooling on your terrace or back yard , is indispensable for carrying liquid refreshments . +There are many varieties of coolers and they serve many purposes . +With them , you can carry steaks and hamburgers at refrigerator temperatures , and also get your frozen food for stews and chowders , to the marina or picnic , in A-1 condition . +

+

Do use paper napkins ; ; +lots of them . +Except when you prepare `` do it yourself '' shish kebob or a lobster roast . +Then you'll want terry cloth towels for mopping up . +

+

Don't think barbecue cooking is just sometimes , or seasonal . +It's year-round , and everywhere . +In the winter , hibachi in the kitchen or grill over the logs of the fireplace . +Even use your portable electric or gas grill in the winter , inside . +Summertime supper , outside , is a natural . +You'll find , once your technique is perfected , that you can cook on a boat with a simple Bernz-O-Matic . +

+

Do buy all-purpose mugs or cups . +Get copper or earthenware mugs that keep beer chilled or soup hot . +Be sure to get a few more than you need . +You will discover you keep the sauce for basting meat in one , use six for drinks , serve soup or coffee in another half-dozen -- and need one more to mix the salad dressing . +

+

Don't forget the joys of a meal on the road . +If you travel over the vast U.S.A. you will , no doubt , discover that feeding is an expensive business . +Decide in the beginning to put your barbecue equipment to work . +You can take it with you . +A picnic bag , a grill , a cooler for soft drinks and beer , and for frozen convenience foods . +Eat in a restaurant or motel mornings and evenings ; ; +or just evenings . +Turn off at any one of the marked picnic areas ( gasoline companies have touring service bureaus that issue booklets on national parks to tell you where you have barbecue facilities ) and -- with soft drinks cooled from morning loading up , hamburger , buns , an array of relishes , and fresh fruit -- your lunch is 75% cheaper than at a restaurant , and 100% more fun . +You need a little stove , a coffee pot and a stew pot ; ; +maybe a skillet , a basket of essentials like salt , pepper , plates , forks , knives and a can opener . +As you pull out of your motel or national park home-for-the-night , visit a market and buy just what you need for the next meal . +For 25-cents load up the cooler with ice and keep cool pop in the car . +

+

Simple meat dishes +spice is a fact of life in the U.S.A. . +You only have to think of franks and sausages to know what I mean . +Go a step further and list all the wonderful barbecue basics -- cervelat , salami , Vienna sausages , mettwurst , bratwurst , bockwurst , knackwurst , Bologna , pepperoni , blutwurst -- and you have a long list of easy specialties . +Threaded on a skewer with new boiled potatoes , a bit of green pepper , a fresh white mushroom -- any one of these spiced meats makes a man a cook , and a meal a feast . +

+

Sure , for the most of us , a frankfurter is the favorite . +A story goes that a certain Herr Feuchtwanger of St. Louis , around 1883 served his sausages ( grilled ) and mustard to his fancy customers . +So that his customers should not soil their hands , Feuchtwanger issued white gloves . +Discovery that the gloves frequently left with the customers made the wise peddler of spiced sausage-meat come upon a compromise . +He had a bakery make buns sized to fit his franks . +Years later , franks-in-buns were accepted as the `` first to go '' at the New York Polo Grounds . +

+

The nation's number one picnic treat is the skinless frankfurter -- toasted over a bonfire on the beach or , more sedately , charcoal broiled on a portable grill . +Either way it's hard to beat in flavor as well as ease of preparation . +To make the picnic frank come close to perfection , remember these tips : +

+

-- Score each frankfurter in four or five places about a third of the way through . +This permits the juices to permeate the meat during cooking . +

+

-- Relishes are as vital to the success of the frank as are buns . +Bring along the conventional ones -- catsup , pickle relish , mustard , mayonnaise -- plus a few extras , such as tangy barbecue sauce , chive cream cheese , or horse-radish for the brave ones in the crowd . +

+

-- Using a portable grill permits you to toast the buns , too . +Watch closely while browning them , as it doesn't take long . +

+

-- An unusual flavor can be achieved by marinating the franks in French dressing or a mixture of honey , lemon juice and brown sugar prior to the picnic . +Broil or toast as usual . +

+

Contrary to popular opinion , `` a la mode '' doesn't mean `` with ice cream '' -- it just means , in the latest style . +Here are a couple of the latest , highly styled ways to fix skinless franks in your own back yard ! ! +You'll have the neighbor's eyes popping as well as their mouths watering ! ! +Jiffy barbecues +1 cup chili sauce 1/3 cup water 1 tablespoon barbecue sauce 2 teaspoons prepared mustard 1/2 pound chipped , spiced ham 6 sandwich buns , heated +

+

Combine first 4 ingredients in saucepan ; ; +heat thoroughly . +Add ham ; ; +heat . +Serve on buns . +Makes 6 barbecues . +Hot hibachi franks +You'll never hear `` sayonara '' , the Japanese word for goodbye , from your guests when you give a hibachi party . +The fun of toasting their own sausages over the small Oriental charcoal burners and dipping them in tasty sauces will keep your group busy -- try it and see ! ! +Canned cocktail frankfurters +sweet-sour sauce +1 large onion , chopped fine 2 tablespoons salad oil 1 8-oz. can crushed pineapple and 1/2 cup of the juice 1/4 cup brown sugar 2 tablespoons vinegar 1 tablespoon prepared mustard 1 tablespoon Worcestershire sauce pineapple chunks +. +Mustard cream +2 tablespoons dry mustard Water 1/2 cup heavy cream , whipped Salt Paprika +

+

Spear canned cocktail franks with picks . +Also spear pineapple chunks and place in separate bowl . +

+

Make sauces ahead . +Sweet-sour sauce can be kept warm over a second hibachi or chafing dish while charcoal in broiler is reaching glowing coal stage . +Mustard cream , used as alternate dip for franks and pineapple tidbits , tastes best when served at room temperature . +

+

For sweet-sour sauce , cook onion in oil until soft . +Add remaining ingredients and bring to a boil . +Simmer about 10 minutes , and keep warm for serving . +

+

To prepare mustard cream , blend mustard with enough water to make a thin paste . +Fold into whipped cream and add a dash of salt and sprinkling of paprika . +Trim-your-own-franks +A back-yard picnic with grilled frankfurters and a selection of frankfurter trimmings is a fine way to entertain guests this summer . +Be sure to have plenty of frankfurters and buns on hand . +Some tasty frank toppings are chili con carne , Coney Island sauce and savory sauerkraut . +Serve the chili and kraut hot with the franks . +

+

Here are suggestions for the frankfurter trimmings : 1 . +

+

Chili con carne : use canned chili con carne . +2 . +

+

Coney Island sauce : finely chop several onions and add enough catsup to moisten well ; ; +add prepared mustard to suit taste . +3 . +

+

Savory sauerkraut : add several tablespoons of brown sugar to a can of sauerkraut . +Add a few caraway seeds , too , if you'd like . +Barbecued frankfurters +1/2 cup minced celery 1/4 cup minced onion 1/2 cup tomato ketchup 1/2 cup water 1/4 cup vinegar 2 tablespoons brown sugar 1 tablespoon Worcestershire sauce 1 tablespoon prepared mustard 1/2 teaspoon salt 8 frankfurters +

+

Combine first 9 ingredients in skillet . +Simmer 15 minutes . +Prick frankfurters with fork ; ; +place in sauce . +Cover ; ; +simmer 15 minutes , stirring occasionally , until sauce is of desired consistency . +Serve in frankfurter buns or as a meat dish . +Makes 8 sandwiches or 4 servings . +Pretend ham +Make criss-cross gashes on one side of skinless frankfurters . +Stick 4 or 5 cloves in each frank , ham fashion . +Make a paste of brown sugar and mustard and spread lightly over scored surface . +If desired , sprinkle with 1 teaspoon drained crushed pineapple . +Place on rectangle of foil and pinch edges together tightly . +Roast on grill over coals 15-20 minutes . +Frankfurter twists +Blend 2 cups biscuit mix with 2/3 cup milk to make a soft dough . +Knead on lightly floured board and roll out to form a Af-inch rectangle . +Spread dough with a mixture of 3 tablespoons chili sauce , 1 teaspoon horse-radish and 2 teaspoons mustard . +Cut dough carefully into 12 strips , about 3/4 inch by a foot long . +Twist one strip diagonally around each skinless frankfurter , pinching dough at ends to seal it . +Brush frankfurter twists with about 1/2 cup melted butter and toast slowly over glowing coals until dough is golden brown . +Serves 12 . +Hamburger patties with nuts +1 pound ground beef 2 teaspoons grated onion Dash of pepper 1/2 teaspoon salt 1/2 cup chopped walnuts 1/4 cup ice cold bourbon +

+

Combine ingredients ; ; +form into patties and barbecue 5 minutes on each side . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/e16.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/e16.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b99fe07af013291bde56f5344d70c2e8e882987e --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/e16.xml @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +Sample E16 from Hal Kelly, "Build Hotei" + Mechanix Illustrated, 57:7 (July, 1961), 102-108, 138-139 + Used by permission. 0010-1650 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,004 words 6 symbols 2 formulasE16

Hal Kelly, "Build Hotei" + Mechanix Illustrated, 57:7 (July, 1961), 102-108, 138-139 + Used by permission. 0010-1650 +

Arbitrary No Hyphens: headroom [0040]runabout [0120]waterways [0290]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Hotei is 23 feet long with an 8-1/2-foot beam and every inch a family boat . +Menfolk can ride in the forward cockpit where the helmsman has a clear view . +Youngsters can sleep or amuse themselves safely in the large cabin which has 5-foot 11-inch headroom , bunks for three , galley and marine toilet . +The gals can sun themselves in the roomy aft cockpit . +All are well distributed , not crowded together near the stern . +And with passenger weight shifted forward , Hotei levels off for speed under power of a Merc 800 . +The 80-hp motor drives her at 25 mph with six aboard ! ! +

+

With only two aboard , Hotei does better than 27 mph -- and she gives a comfortable ride at this speed even in a three-foot chop . +She also banks into a turn like a fine runabout -- not digging in on the outside to throw passengers all over the boat like many a small cabin cruiser . +Nor is she a wet boat . +We've been out in five-foot waves and stayed dry . +

+

A lot of thought went into storage space construction . +There's a large compartment in the forward cockpit for charts and other items . +The cabin has several shelves for small items and storage under the bunks for water skiis , life jackets , etc. . +The aft cockpit has a Af storage bin over six feet long that doubles as a seat . +On each side of the motor well there's storage for battery , bumpers , line and spare props with six-gallon gas tanks below . +The well itself is designed to take two Merc 800's or 500's if you wish and there's room for a 25-gallon long-cruise gas tank below it . +

+

Needless to say , you can't build Hotei in a couple of weeks . +Our building time was slightly over 400 hours -- but the total cost for the hull with Fiberglas bottom , sink , head and hardware was under $800 . +A comparable manufactured boat would cost close to $3,000 . +Consider what you have to earn to be able to spend the $3,000 and your building time is well worth it . +A Gator trailer , Model 565 , is used to transport the boat to the waterways . +This piece of equipment costs a little over $600 but it will save you that in mooring and hauling fees in a few years . +

+

All framing in Hotei is one-inch mahogany which , in the dressed state you buy it , is about the 13/16-inch thickness specified in the drawings . +Therefore , the lumber is bought in planks and ripped to size for battens , etc. , on a table saw . +Besides flathead bronze screws , silicon bronze Stronghold nails ( made by Independent Nail & Packing Co. , Bridgewater , Mass. ) are used extensively in assembly and Weldwood resorcinol glue is used in all the joints . +

+

Construction follows a thorough study of the drawings . +Start by laying out the six frames and the transom on a level floor . +Draw each outline in a different-color chalk , one on top of the other . +In this way you will be able to detect any obvious mistakes . +

+

The transom frame is made first with the joints lapped , glued and fastened with one-inch , No. 12 Stronghold nails . +After notching it for the keelson , chines and battens , the half-inch plywood transom is secured to it with glue and the same type nails . +All frames are butted at the joints and 3/8-inch plywood gussets are glued and nailed on each side of each joint , again using the one-inch , No. 12 nails . +The frames are notched only for the keelson and the chines . +If notched for the battens , they would require more work , be weakened and limber holes would have to be bored so that bilge water could flow through . +Nowhere in the boat do the frames come in contact with the plywood planking . +

+

The jig is erected after the frames and transom are complete . +This is an important step because any misalignment would cause progressively worse misalignment in the hull as you advance in construction . +Be sure all members are parallel , vertical and level as required . +

+

After the frames and transom are set up on the jig and temporarily braced , a piece of three-inch-wide mahogany ( only widths will be given since the 13/16-inch thickness is used throughout ) is butted between frames one and two below the line of the keelson . +The frames are glued and screwed to this piece . +The joints are also reinforced on each side with small blocks set in resin-saturated Fiberglas cloth and nailed . +It is over this piece that the laminated stem and keelson are spliced . +

+

The keelson , made of two three-inch widths , is next installed . +The first piece is glued and screwed to the frames and transom and the piece butted between frames one and two . +The second piece is in turn glued and screwed to the first . +Note , however , that it is six inches shorter at the forward end . +One-inch , No. 10 screws are used in both cases . +

+

A stem jig is next cut to the proper shape and temporarily fastened to frame one . +The stem is laminated from four pieces . +Take two three-inch-wide pieces and rip them down the center of the thickness to make the four . +Then spread a generous amount of glue on the four pieces and bend them into place on the jig . +The first two pieces butt against the inner member of the keelson and are glued and screwed to the brace between the first two frames . +The second two pieces lap over the inner member of the keelson and butt against the outer member . +They're glued and screwed to the inner member of the keelson . +A number of C clamps hold the pieces together on the jig until the glue sets . +

+

All bottom battens are two inches wide . +The side ones are a half-inch narrower . +The battens are carefully fastened in place after some necessary fairing on all frames . +Glue and 1-1/2-inch , No. 10 screws are used . +Placement is important because the rear seat , bunks and front jump seats rest on or are fastened to many of the side battens . +With the exception of two battens , all run to the stem where they are glued and screwed after careful beveling . +The chines go in the same way except that they are made of two pieces of two-inch wood for strength and easier bending . +

+

Fairing is always a tedious job but the work can be cut down considerably with a Skill planer and a simple jig . +I clamped a 30-inch piece of aluminum to the base of the planer with a pair of Sure Grips . +The aluminum , flush against the battens , acted as a fairing stick and enabled me to plane the chines and keelson to the proper bevels easily . +If you don't own a planer and don't want to buy one , it's well worth renting . +

+

The planking is five-ply , 3/8-inch-thick Weldwood Royal Marine plywood . +This can be obtained in 42-inch widths 24 feet long . +The 42-inch width leaves very little waste . +Four pieces are used . +Plank the sides first , using glue and one-inch , No. 12 Stronghold nails at all battens , the stem and the transom . +Another person inside with a weight against each batten will help in the fastening . +The best procedure is to have a few friends hold the planking in place while you mark it off . +Then trim the excess . +I used a Homemaster Routo-Jig made by Porter Cable for this job . +It's good for cutting all the planking because it cuts with a bit-like blade at high rpm and does not chatter the plywood like a saber saw . +

+

When cut , the planking is clamped in place for a final and careful trimming . +Then it is marked on the inside where it comes in contact with the transom , frames , keelson and all the battens . +It may then be pre-drilled for the fastenings . +The next step is to remove it and spread glue where it has been marked at the contact points . +Then it is replaced and fastened . +The bottom planking is applied in the same manner . +

+

After planking , the bottom gets a layer of Fiberglas . +The spray rails are first glued on the outside and fastened from the inside with screws . +Then the chines are rounded off and the bottom is rough-sanded in preparation . +Since the sides are also covered up to the spray rails , they are also rough-sanded in that area . +The cloth is laid on one half of the bottom at a time . +A 50-inch width is used on each side and it laps the keel line by about three inches . +Lay the cloth in place and trim it to size . +Then remove it and give the whole bottom a coat of resin . +When the resin has hardened , mix up another batch with a pigment added if you wish . +I used bright red , mixing the pigment in thoroughly before adding the hardener . +Using a cheap brush , coat one side of the bottom with the resin and then apply the cloth . +When the cloth is smooth , apply another coat of resin , spreading it with a paint roller . +Be sure it is well saturated and then allow it to harden . +

+

When the whole bottom has hardened , use a disk sander to feather the edges of the cloth at the keel line and near the spray rail . +Then lay a three-inch-wide strip of cloth along the keel line from the transom to the point of the stem . +Before the resin has hardened , screw a one-inch mahogany keel strip along the centerline . +This protects the bottom in beaching . +Fiberglas materials are available from Glass Plastic Supply Co. , 1605 W. Elizabeth Ave. , Linden , N. J. . +They will also supply literature on application . +

+

The hull is now turned over ( with the help of about seven friends ) and placed in a level , well-braced position . +I set it on the Gator trailer . +I laid three layers of glass cloth on the inside of the stem , also installing a bow eye at this time . +For added strength , I also fastened a small block on each side of every frame and batten joint . +Again , these blocks were set in resin-saturated glass cloth and nailed . +

+

After trimming off the excess on the frames and transom which was used to fasten them to the jig at a working height , the top of the side planking is installed . +This is made up of scraps left over from the sides and bottom . +These flaring parts really help to keep the boat dry . +When they're on , the top edges are planed even with the sheer batten . +

+

The sides of the motor well run from the bottom battens to the top and from frame six to the transom , forming a real strong transom brace . +Note another piece of wood six inches wide is fastened to the transom between these pieces . +

+

The decking is quarter-inch mahogany marine plywood . +All the flooring and the storage bin is half-inch exterior fir plywood . +Most floor battens are glued and screwed to the flooring . +The exception is where the flooring butts . +These battens are glued and screwed to the frames . +

+

With all deck battens in place , the bilge is cleaned and painted up to the floor line . +Use one coat of Firzite and one coat of marine paint . +Bottoms of the floorboards are also painted and the flooring is then screwed in place . +

+

After the decking is on , the cabin sides are installed . +They're followed by the front and rear bulkheads as illustrated . +The windshield glass is shatterproof and Plexiglas is used in the cabin . +

+

Inside , bunks are framed up and installed as indicated . +A head is a handy thing to have and I installed one under a removable section of the port bunk . +The sink in the hinged panel above the bunk drains into the head and a five-gallon water tank is mounted on the bulkhead above the sink . +For padding the seats and bunks , I used Ensolite , Type Aj . +Lightweight , non-absorbent , fire resistant and dimensionally stable , it is easily bonded to the wood with contact cement . +Available in Af sheets , it costs about a dollar a square foot . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/e22.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/e22.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8200bc363714de24459693605f6b7ef141d55b19 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/e22.xml @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +Sample E22 from Musical America, LXXXI:5 (May, 1961) + Used by permission + Pp. 13-14"Roy Harris Salutes Serge Prokofieff" by Roy Harris + P. 19"A 30 Years War: The Musician EmergencyFund..." by Helen Havener +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,030 words 90 (4.4%) quotesE22

Musical America, LXXXI:5 (May, 1961) + Used by permission +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Your invitation to write about Serge Prokofieff to honor his 70th Anniversary for the April issue of Sovietskaya Muzyka is accepted with pleasure , because I admire the music of Prokofieff ; ; +and with sober purpose , because the development of Prokofieff personifies , in many ways , the course of music in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . +

+

The Serge Prokofieff whom we knew in the United States of America was gay , witty , mercurial , full of pranks and bonheur -- and very capable as a professional musician . +These qualities endeared him to both the musicians and the social-economic haute monde which supported the concert world of the post-World War 1 , era . +Prokofieff's outlook as a composer-pianist-conductor in America was , indeed , brilliant . +

+

Prokofieff's Classical Symphony was hailed as an ingenious work from a naturally gifted and well-trained musician still in his twenties . +To the Traditionalists , it was a brilliant satire on modernism ; ; +to the Neo-Classicists , it was a challenge to the pre-war world . +What was it to Prokofieff ? ? +A tongue-in-cheek stylization of 18th-Century ideas ; ; +a trial balloon to test the aesthetic climate of the times ; ; +a brilliant piece de resistance ? ? +Certainly its composer was an ascending star on a new world horizon . +

+

I heard the Classical Symphony for the first time when Koussevitzky conducted it in Paris in 1927 . +All musical Paris was there . +Some musicians were enthusiastic , some skeptical . +I myself was one of the skeptics ( 35 years ago ) . +I remember Ernest Bloch in the foyer , shouting in his high-pitched voice : `` it may be a tour de force , mais mon Dieu , can anyone take this music seriously '' ? ? +

+

The answer is , `` Yes '' ! ! +Certainly , America took Prokofieff and his Classical Symphony seriously , and with a good deal of pleasure . +His life-long friend , Serge Koussevitzky , gave unreservedly of his praise and brilliant performances in Boston , New York , and Washington , D.C. , , to which he added broadcastings and recordings for the whole nation . +Chicago was also a welcome host : there , in 1921 , Prokofieff conducted the world premiere of the Love For Three Oranges , and played the first performance of his Third Piano Concerto . +`` Uncle Sam '' was , indeed , a rich uncle to Prokofieff , in those opulent , post-war victory years of peace and prosperity , bold speculations and extravaganzas , enjoyment and pleasure : `` The Golden Twenties '' . +We attended the premieres of his concertos , symphonies , and suites ; ; +we studied , taught , and performed his piano sonatas , chamber music , gavottes , and marches ; ; +we bought his records and played them in our schools and universities . +We unanimously agreed that Prokofieff had won his rights as a world citizen to the first ranks of Twentieth-Century Composers . +

+

Nevertheless , Prokofieff was much influenced by Paris during the Twenties : the Paris which was the artistic center of the Western World -- the social Paris to which Russian aristocracy migrated -- the chic Paris which attracted the tourist dollars of rich America -- the avant-garde Paris of Diaghileff , Stravinsky , Koussevitzky , Cocteau , Picasso -- the laissez-faire Paris of Dadaism and ultramodern art -- the Paris sympathique which took young composers to her bosom with such quick and easy enthusiasms . +

+

So young Prokofieff was the darling of success : in his motherland ; ; +in the spacious hunting grounds of `` Uncle Sam '' ; ; +in the exciting salons of his lovely , brilliant Paris -- mistress of gaiety -- excess and abandon -- world theatre of new-found freedoms in tone , color , dance , design , and thought . +

+

Meanwhile , three great terrible forces were coagulating and crystallizing . +In this world-wide conscription of men , minds , and machines , Prokofieff was recalled to his native land . +The world exploded when Fascism challenged all concepts of peace and liberty , and the outraged , freedom-loving peoples of the Capitalist and Socialist worlds combined forces to stamp Fascist tyranny into cringing submission . +After this holocaust , a changing world occupied the minds of men ; ; +a world beset with new boundaries , new treaties and governments , new goals and methods , and the age-old fears of aggression and subjugation -- hunger and exposure . +

+

In this changed world , Prokofieff settled to find himself , and to create for large national purpose . +Here , this happy , roving son of good fortune proved that he could accept the disciplines of a new social-economic order fighting for its very existence and ideals in a truculent world . +Here , Prokofieff became a workman in the vineyards of Socialism -- producing music for the masses . +

+

It is at this point in his life that the mature Prokofieff emerges . +One might have expected that such a violent epoch of transition would have destroyed the creative flair of a composer , especially one whose works were so fluent and spontaneous . +

+

But no : Prokofieff grew . +He accepted the environment of his destiny -- took root and grew to fulfill the stature of his early promise . +By 1937 he had clarified his intentions to serve his people : `` I have striven for clarity and melodious idiom , but at the same time I have by no means attempted to restrict myself to the accepted methods of harmony and melody . +This is precisely what makes lucid , straightforward music so difficult to compose -- the clarity must be new , not old '' . +How right he was ; ; +how clearly he saw the cultural defection of experimentation as an escape for those who dare not or prefer not to face the discipline of modern traditionalism . +And with what resource did Prokofieff back up his Credo of words -- with torrents of powerful music . +Compare the vast difference in scope and beauty between his neat and witty little Classical Symphony and his big , muscular , passionate , and eloquent Fifth Symphony ; ; +or the Love For Three Oranges ( gay as it is ) with the wonderful , imaginative , colorful , and subtle tenderness of the magnificent ballet , The Stone Flower . +This masterpiece has gaiety , too , but it is the gaiety of dancing people : earthy , salty and humorous . +

+

Of course , these works are not comparable , even though the same brain conceived them . +The early works were conceived for a sophisticated , international audience ; ; +the later works were conceived to affirm a way of life for fellow citizens . +However , in all of Prokofieff's music , young or mature , we find his profile -- his `` signature '' -- his craftsman's attitude . +Prokofieff never forsakes his medium for the cause of experimentation per se . +In orchestration , he stretches the limits of instrumentation with good judgment and a fine imagination for color . +His sense for rhythmic variety and timing is impeccable . +His creative development of melodic designs of Slavic dance tunes and love songs is captivating : witty , clever , adroit , and subtle . +His counterpoint is pertinent , skillful , and rarely thick . +

+

Also , it should be noted that the polytonal freedom of his melodies and harmonic modulations , the brilliant orchestrations , the adroitness for evading the heaviness of figured bass , the skill in florid counterpoint were not lost in his mature output , even in the spectacular historical dramas of the stage and cinema , where a large , dramatic canvas of sound was required . +That Prokofieff's harmonies and forms sometimes seem professionally routine to our ears , may or may not indicate that he was less of an `` original '' than we prefer to believe . +Need for novelty may be a symptom of cultural fatigue and instability . +

+

Prokofieff might well emerge as a cultural hero , who , by the force of his creative life , helped preserve the main stream of tradition , to which the surviving idioms of current experimentalism may be eventually added and integrated . +

+

At this date , it seems probable that the name of Serge Prokofieff will appear in the archives of History , as an effective Traditionalist , who was fully aware of the lure and danger of experimentation , and used it as it served his purpose ; ; +yet was never caught up in it -- never a slave to its academic dialectics . +Certainly , it is the traditional clarity of his music which has endeared him to the Western World -- not his experimentations . +

+

So Prokofieff was able to cultivate his musical talents and harvest a rich reward from them . +Nor can anyone be certain that Prokofieff would have done better , or even as well , under different circumstances . +His fellow-countryman , Igor Stravinsky , certainly did not . +Why did Prokofieff expand in stature and fecundity , while Stravinsky ( who leaped into fame like a young giant ) dwindled in stature and fruitfulness ? ? +I think the answer is to be found in Prokofieff's own words : `` the clarity must be new , not old '' . +When Prokofieff forged his new clarity of `` lucid , straightforward music , so difficult to compose '' , he shaped his talents to his purpose . +

+

When Stravinsky shaped his purpose to the shifting scenes of many cultures , many salons , many dialectics , many personalities , he tried to refashion himself into a stylist of many styles , determined by many disparate cultures . +Prokofieff was guided in a consistent direction by the life of his own people -- by the compass of their national ideas . +But Stravinsky was swayed by the attitudes of whatever culture he was reflecting . +In all his miscalculations , Stravinsky made the fatal historical blunder of presuming that he could transform other composers' inspirations -- representing many peoples , time periods and styles -- into his own music by warping the harmony , melody , or form , to verify his own experiments . +Because of the authentic homogeneity of his early Nationalistic materials , and his flair for orchestrations -- his brilliant Petruchka , his savage Sacre Du Printemps , his incisive Les Noces -- the world kept hoping that he could recapture the historical direction for which his native talents were predisposed . +

+

But time is running out , and many of Stravinsky's admirers begin to fear that he will never find terra firma . +His various aesthetic postulates remain as landmarks of a house divided against itself : Supra-Expressionism , Neo-Paganism , Neo-Classicism , Neo-Romanticism , Neo-Jazz , Neo-Ecclesiasticism , Neo-Popularism , and most recently , Post-Serialism -- all competing with each other within one composer ! ! +What a patchwork of proclamations and renunciations ! ! +Meager and shabby by-products linger to haunt our memories of a once mighty protagonist ; ; +a maladroit reharmonization of our National Anthem ( The Star-Spangled Banner ) ; ; +a poor attempt to write an idiomatic jazz concerto ; ; +a circus polka for elephants ; ; +his hopes that the tunes from his old music might be used for popular American commercial songs ! ! +Stravinsky , nearing the age of eighty , is like a lost and frantic bird , flitting from one abandoned nest to another , searching for a home . +

+

How differently Prokofieff's life unfolded . +Prokofieff was able to adjust his creative personality to a swiftly changing world without losing his particular force and direction . +In the process , his native endowments were stretched , strengthened and disciplined to serve their human purpose . +

+

With a large and circumspect 20th-Century technique , he wove the materials of national heroes and events , national folklore and children's fairy tales -- Slavic dances and love songs -- into a solid musical literature which served his people well , and is providing much enjoyment to the World at large . +

+

Of course , it must not be forgotten that in achieving this historical feat , Prokofieff had the vast resources of his people behind him ; ; +time and economic security ; ; +symphony orchestras , opera and ballet companies ; ; +choruses , chamber music ensembles ; ; +soloists ; ; +recordings ; ; +broadcastings ; ; +television ; ; +large and eager audiences . +It must be conceded that his native land provided Prokofieff with many of the necessary conditions for great creative incentive : economic security and cultural opportunities , incisive idioms , social fermentations for a new national ideology -- a sympathetic public and a large body of performers especially trained to fulfill his purpose . +

+

Thus in Prokofieff the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics produced one of the great composers of the Twentieth Century . +That his moods , even in his early years , are those of his people , does him honor , as his music honors those who inspired it . +That he mastered every aspect of his medium according to his own great talents and contemporary judgments , is a good and solid symbol of his people under the tremendous pressures of proclaiming and practising the rigors of a new culture ; ; +and perhaps of even greater significance -- his music is strong 20th-Century evidence of the effectiveness of Evolution , based on a broad Traditionalism for the creative art of music . +

+

April 10 marked a memorable date in New York's musical history -- indeed in the musical history of the entire eastern United States . +On that date the Musicians Emergency Fund , organized to furnish employment for musicians unable to obtain engagements during the depression and to provide relief for older musicians who lost their fortunes in the stock market crash , observed its 30th anniversary . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/e26.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/e26.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..01cc046aef1654e0d7e9987993b08f7c63f78c8b --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/e26.xml @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +Sample E26 from Bern Dibner, "Oerstad and the Discovery of Electromagnetism" + Electrical Engineering, 80:6 (June, 1961), 426-428 + Used by permission0010-1850 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,012 words 388 (19.3%) quotesE26

Bern Dibner, "Oerstad and the Discovery of Electromagnetism" + Electrical Engineering, 80:6 (June, 1961), 426-428 + Used by permission0010-1850 +

Typographical Error: Han's [for Hans'] [0470]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Oersted's boyhood represented a minimal chance of either attaining greatness or serving his people so well and over so long a span of life . +He was born in the small Danish town of Rudkoebing on the island of Langeland in the south-central part of Denmark on August 14 , 1777 . +His father Soeren was the village apothecary whose slender income made it difficult to feed his family , let alone educate them in a town without even a school . +The two older boys , Hans and Anders , his junior by a year , therefore went daily to the home of a warm and friendly wigmaker nearby for instruction in German ; ; +his wife taught the two boys to read and write Danish . +Other brothers later joined them for instruction with Oldenburg , the wigmaker , and also arithmetic was added to Bible reading , German , and Danish in the informal curriculum . +Oldenburg's contributions were soon exhausted and the boys had to turn to a wider circle of the town's learned , such as the pastor , to supplement the simple teaching . +From the town surveyor , Hans learned drawing and mathematics and , from a university student , some academic subjects . +The mayor of the town taught them English and French . +Whatever Hans or Anders learned separately they passed on to each other ; ; +they read every book that they could borrow in the village . +At 12 , Hans was sufficiently mature to help his father in the apothecary shop , which helped stimulate his interest in medicine and science . +His earlier love for literature and history remained with him for his entire life . +

+

In 1793 the brothers decided to enter the University of Copenhagen ( founded in 1479 ) and the following spring found them at the university preparing to matriculate for the autumn session . +While Hans devoted himself to the sciences of medicine , physics , and astronomy , his brother studied law . +The brothers continued to help each other during their studies , sharing a joint purse , lodging together in the dormitory and dining together at the home of their aunt . +They supplemented their income by small government assistance , by tutoring and economizing wherever they could . +So impressive were those serious years of study at the university that Hans later wrote , `` to be perfectly free , the young man must revel in the great kingdom of thought and imagination ; ; +there is a struggle there , in which , if he falls , it is easy for him to rise again , there is freedom of utterance there , which draws after it no irreparable consequences on society . +I lived in this onward-driving contest where each day overcame a new difficulty , gained a new truth , or banished a previous error '' . +He openly proclaimed his pleasure in lecturing and writing about science . +In this third year at the university , Hans , in 1797 , was awarded the first important token of recognition , a gold medal for his essay on `` Limits Of Poetry And Prose '' . +He completed his training in pharmacy also , taking his degree with high honors in 1797 , and in 1799 was awarded the degree of Doctor of Philosophy along with a prize for an essay in medicine . +He proposed a fresh theory of alkalis which later was accepted in chemical practices . +

+

Ferment of scientific activity +Hans' student days were at a time when Europe was in a new intellectual ferment following the revolutions in America and in France , Germany and Italy were rising from divisive nationalisms and a strong wave of intellectual awareness was sweeping the Continent . +

+

The new century opened with Oersted beginning his professional career in charge of an apothecary shop in Copenhagen and as lecturer at the university . +He was stirred by the announcement of Volta's discovery of chemical electricity and he immediately applied the voltaic pile to experiments with acids and alkalis . +The following year he devoted to the customary `` Wanderjahr '' , traveling in Germany , France , and the Netherlands , meeting the philosophers Schelling , Fichte , and Tieck . +He also met Count Rumford ( born Benjamin Thompson in Woburn , Mass. ) who was then serving the Elector of Bavaria , and the physicist Ritter ; ; +these were Oersted's main contacts in science . +

+

From Gottingen ( 1801 ) where he stayed for 10 days , he wrote , `` The first question asked everywhere is about galvanism . +As everybody is curious to see the battery of glass tubes I have invented , I have had quite a small one made here of four glass tubes ( in Copenhagen I used 30 ) and intend to carry it with me '' . +Oersted joined Ritter at Jena and stayed with him for 3 weeks , continuing their correspondence after he left . +With Ritter he was exposed to the fantastic profusion of ideas that stormed through his host's fertile but disorganized mind . +Oersted remodeled Ritter's notes into an essay in French which was submitted to the Institut De France for its annual prize of 3,000 francs . +The sound discoveries of this quixotic genius were so diluted by those of fantasy that the prize was never awarded to him . +In May , 1803 , Ritter , in another flight of fancy , wrote to Oersted a letter that contained a remarkable prophecy . +He related events on earth to periodic celestial phenomena and indicated that the years of maximum inclination of the ecliptic coincided with the years of important electrical discoveries . +Thus , 1745 corresponded to the invention of the `` Leiden '' jar by Kleist , 1764 that of the electrophorus by Wilcke , 1782 produced the condenser of Volta , and 1801 the voltaic pile . +Ritter proceeded , `` You now emerge into a new epoch in which late in the year 1819 or 1820 , you will have to reckon . +This we might well witness '' . +Ritter died in 1810 and Oersted not only lived to see the event occur but was the author of it . +

+

In 1803 Oersted returned to Copenhagen and applied for the university's chair in physics but was rejected because he was probably considered more a philosopher than a physicist . +However , he continued experimenting and lecturing , publishing the results of his experiments in German and Danish periodicals . +In 1806 his ambition was realized and he became professor of physics at the Copenhagen University , though not realizing full professorship ( ordinarius ) until 1817 . +

+

During Oersted's attendance at the university , it was poorly equipped with physical apparatus for experimenting in the sciences . +He was , however , fortunate in his contact with Prof. J. G. L. Manthey ( 1769-1842 ) , teacher of chemistry , who , in addition to his academic chair , was also proprietor of the `` Lion Pharmacy '' in Copenhagen where Oersted assisted him . +Manthey maintained a valuable collection of physical and chemical apparatus which was at Oersted's disposal during and after his graduation . +In 1800 , Manthey went abroad and Oersted was appointed manager of the Lion Pharmacy . +In February 1801 , Oersted did manage to experiment with physical apparatus and reported experiments made with a voltaic battery of 600 plates of zinc and silver and of later experiments with a battery of 60 plates of zinc and lead . +In the following year , 1803 , Oersted , simultaneously with Davy , discovered that acids increased the strength of a voltaic battery more than did salts . +Eager as he was to pursue this promising line , he was so loaded down with the management of the pharmacy and lectures in the medical and pharmaceutical faculties at the university that he could devote only Sunday afternoons to `` galvanizing '' . +

+

He assumed his academic career with the same intensity and thoroughness that had marked every step in his rise from boyhood . +The university was the only one in Denmark and the status of professor represented the upper social level . +His broad interest in literary , political , and philosophical movements opened many doors to him . +His friends were numerous and their ties to him were strong . +

+

The years 1812 and 1813 saw him in Germany and France again , but on this visit to Berlin he did not seek out the philosophers as he had on his first journey . +In Berlin he published his views of the chemical laws of nature in German and this was issued in French translation ( Paris , 1813 ) under the title Recherches Sur l'identite Des Forces chimiques et electriques , a work held in very high esteem by the new generation of research chemists . +His interest in finding a relationship between voltaic electricity and magnetism is here first indicated . +Chapter 8 , is entitled `` On Magnetism '' and in it are included such remarks as , `` One has always been tempted to compare the magnetic forces with the electrical forces . +The great resemblance between electrical and magnetic attractions and repulsions and the similarity of their laws necessarily would bring about this comparison . +It is true , that nothing has been found comparable with electricity by communication ; ; +but the phenomena observed had such a degree of analogy to those depending on electrical distribution that one could not find the slightest difference . +The form of galvanic activity is halfway between the magnetic form and the electrical form . +There , forces are more latent than in electricity , and less than in magnetism . +But in such an important question , we would be satisfied if the judgment were that the principal objection to the identity of forces which produce electricity and magnetism were only a difficulty , and not a thing which is contrary to it . +One could also add to these analogies that steel loses its magnetism by heat , which proves that steel becomes a better conductor through a rise in temperature , just as electrical bodies do . +It is also found that magnetism exists in all bodies of nature , as proven by Bruckmann and Coulomb . +By that , one feels that magnetic forces are as general as electrical forces . +An attempt should be made to see if electricity , in its most latent stage , has any action on the magnet as such '' . +His plan and intent were clearly charted . +

+

Oersted returned in 1814 and resumed an active part in university and political discussions . +In one debate he supported the freedom of judgment as opposed to dogma , in another he held that the practice of science was in fact an act of religious worship . +He continued as a popular lecturer . +He devised a detonating fuse in which a short wire was caused to glow by an electric current . +

+

In 1819 under royal command he undertook a very successful geological expedition to Bornholm , one of the Danish islands , being one of three scientists in the expedition . +It was with the assistance of one of the members of this expedition , Lauritz Esmarch , that Oersted succeeded in producing light by creating an electric discharge in mercury vapor through which an electric current was made to flow . +Together they also developed a new form of voltaic cell in which the wooden trough was replaced by one of copper , thereby producing stronger currents . +Esmarch was among those who witnessed Oersted's first demonstration of his discovery . +

+

Discovery of electromagnetism +the association between electric ( both electrostatic and voltaic ) forces and magnetic forces had been recognized by investigators for many decades . +Electrical literature contained numerous references to lightning that had magnetized iron and had altered the polarity of compass needles . +In the late 1700's Beccaria and Van Marum , among others , had magnetized iron by sending an electrostatic charge through it . +Beccaria had almost stumbled on a lead to the relationship between electricity and magnetism when a discharge from a Leyden jar was sent transversally through a piece of watch-spring steel making its ends magnetic . +The resulting magnetic effect proved stronger than when the discharge was made lengthwise . +The experiments of Romagnosi and others have already been noted but no one had determined the cause-and-effect relationship between these two primary forces . +Oersted's own earlier experiments were unimpressive , possibly because he had , like other experimenters , laid the conducting wire across the compass needle instead of parallel with it . +

+

The sequence of events leading to his important discovery still remains ambiguous but it seems that one of the advanced students at the university related that the first direct event that led to the publication of Oersted's discovery occurred during a private lecture made before a group of other advanced students in the spring of 1820 . +At this lecture Oersted happened to place the conducting wire over and parallel to a magnetic needle . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/e29.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/e29.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..23612754bbc84afc2b8af47d1d9460664d7527c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/e29.xml @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +Sample E29 from Edward Austin Walton, "On Education for the Interior Designer" + Interior Design, 32:7 (July, 1961), 61-62, 100 + Used by permission0010-1880 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,018 words 163 (8.1%) quotesE29

Edward Austin Walton, "On Education for the Interior Designer" + Interior Design, 32:7 (July, 1961), 61-62, 100 + Used by permission0010-1880 +

Typographical Errors: corp [for corps or core] [1440]aquisiation [1690]badly [for baldly ?] [0090]ring-around-a rosy [1700]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The controversy of the last few years over whether architects or interior designers should plan the interiors of modern buildings has brought clearly into focus one important difference of opinion . +The architects do not believe that the education of the interior designer is sufficiently good or sufficiently extended to compare with that of the architect and that , therefore , the interior designer is incapable of understanding the architectural principles involved in planning the interior of a building . +

+

Ordinary politeness may have militated against this opinion being stated so badly but anyone with a wide acquaintance in both groups and who has sat through the many round tables , workshops or panel discussions -- whatever they are called -- on this subject will recognize that the final , boiled down crux of the matter is education . +

+

It is true that most architectural schools have five year courses , some even have six or more . +The element of public danger which enters so largely into architectural certification , however , would demand a prolonged study of structure . +This would , naturally , lengthen their courses far beyond the largely esthetic demands of interior designer's training . +

+

We may then dismiss the time difference between these courses and the usual four year course of the interior design student as not having serious bearing on the subject . +The real question that follows is -- how are those four years used and what is their value as training ? ? +

+

The American Institute of Interior Designers has published a recommended course for designers and a percentage layout of such a course . +An examination of some forty catalogs of schools offering courses in interior design , for the most part schools accredited by membership in the National Association of Schools of Art , and a further `` on the spot '' inspection of a number of schools , show their courses adhere pretty closely to the recommendations . +One or two of the schools have a five year curriculum , but the usual pattern of American education has limited most of them to the four-year plan which seems to be the minimum in acceptable institutions . +

+

The suggested course of the A.I.D. was based on the usual course offered and on the opinion of many educators as to curricular necessities . +Obviously , the four year provision limits this to fundamentals and much desirable material must be eliminated . +

+

Without comparing the relative merits of the two courses -- architecture versus interior design -- let us examine the educational needs of the interior designer . +

+

To begin with , what is an interior designer ? ? +`` The Dictionary Of Occupational Titles '' published by the U. S. Department of Labor describes him as follows : `` Designs , plans and furnishes interiors of houses , commercial and institutional structures , hotels , clubs , ships , theaters , as well as set decorations for motion picture arts and television . +Makes drawings and plans of rooms showing placement of furniture , floor coverings , wall decorations , and determines color schemes . +

+

Furnishes complete cost estimates for clients approval . +Makes necessary purchases , places contracts , supervises construction , installation , finishing and placement of furniture , fixtures and other correlated furnishings , and follows through to completion of project '' . +

+

In addition to this the U. S. Civil Service Bureau , when examining applicants for government positions as interior designers , expects that `` when various needed objects are not obtainable on the market he will design them . +He must be capable of designing for and supervising the manufacture of any craft materials needed in the furnishings '' . +

+

This seems like a large order . +The interior designer , then , must first be an artist but also understand carpentry and painting and lighting and plumbing and finance . +Yet nobody will question the necessity of all this and any reputable interior designer does know all this and does practice it . +And further he must understand his obligation to the client to not only meet his physical necessities but also to enhance and improve his life and to enlarge the cultural horizon of our society . +

+

Few will quarrel with the aim of the schools or with the wording of their curriculum . +It is in the quality of the teaching of all this that a question may arise . +

+

The old established independent art schools try their best to fulfill their obligations . +Yet even here many a problem is presented ; ; +as in a recent design competition with a floor plan and the simple command -- `` design a luxury apartment '' ; ; +no description of the client or his cultural level , no assertion of geographical area or local social necessities -- simply `` a luxury apartment '' . +Working in a vacuum of minimal information can result only in show pieces that look good in exhibitions and catalogs and may please the public relations department but have little to do with the essence of interior design . +

+

It is possible , of course , to work on extant or projected buildings where either architect or owner will explain their necessities so that the student may get `` the feel '' of real interior design demands . +Unfortunately , the purely synthetic problem is the rule . +

+

It is like medical schools in India where , in that fairy-land of religious inhibition , the dissection of dead bodies is frowned upon . +Instead they learn their dissection on the bulbs of plants . +Thus technical efficiency is achieved at the expense of actual experience . +

+

In the earlier years of training certain phases of the work must be covered and the synthetic problem has its use . +But to continue to divorce advanced students from reality is inexcusable . +

+

Consultation with architects , clients , real estate men , fabric houses and furniture companies is essential to the proper development of class problems just as in actual work . +Fortunately , although only a few years ago they held the student at arms length , today the business houses welcome the opportunity to aid the student , not only from an increased sense of community responsibility but also from the realization that the student of today is the interior designer of tomorrow -- that the student already is `` in the trade '' . +

+

Even the `` history of furniture '' can hardly be taught exclusively from photographs and lantern slides . +Here , too , the reality of actual furniture must be experienced . +

+

The professional organizations such as American Institute of Interior Designers , National Society of Interior Designers , Home Fashions League and various trade associations , can and do aid greatly in this work . +Certainly every educator involved in interior design should be a member and active in the work of one of these organizations . +

+

Not only should every educator above the rank of instructor be expected to be a member of one of the professional organizations , but his first qualification for membership as an educator should be so sharply scrutinized that membership would be equivalent to certification to teach the subject . +

+

Participation for the educator in this case , however , would have to be raised to full and complete membership . +The largest of these organizations at present denies to the full time educator any vote on the conduct and standards of the group and , indeed , refuses him even the right to attach the customary initials after his name in the college catalog . +

+

This anomalous status of the educator cannot fail to lower his standing in the eyes of the students . +The professor in turn dares not tolerate the influence in his classes of an organization in the policies and standards of which he has no voice . +

+

This seems somewhat shortsighted since if the absolute educational qualifications for membership which the organizations profess are ever enforced , the educator will have the molding of the entire profession in his hands . +

+

In one way the Institutes and Societies do a disservice to the schools . +That is in the continuance of the `` grandfather clauses '' in their membership requirements . +

+

When these groups were first formed many prominent and accomplished decorators could not have had the advantage of school training since interior design courses were rare and undeveloped during their youth . +Long hard years of `` on the job '' training had brought them to their competence . +

+

The necessity of that day has long disappeared . +There is plenty of opportunity for proper education today . +It is discouraging for students to realize that the societies do not truly uphold the standards for which they are supposed to stand . +

+

The reason and the day of `` grandfather clauses '' has long since passed . +No one can deny that these `` back door '' admissions to membership provisions have been seriously abused nor that they have not resulted in the admission of downright incompetents to membership in supposedly learned societies . +

+

Beyond any question of curriculum and approach to subject must be the quality of the teachers themselves . +It will occur to anyone that the teacher must have adequate education , a depth and breadth of knowledge far beyond the immediate necessities of his course plus complete dedication to his subject and to his students . +The local decorator who rushes in for a few hours of teaching may but more likely may not have these qualifications . +

+

Nor will the hack , the Jack-of-all-trades , still found in some of the smaller art schools , suffice . +

+

Only a few years ago a middle western college circulated a request for a teacher of interior design . +At the end of its letter was the information that applicants for this position `` must also be prepared to teach costume design and advertising art '' . +This kind of irresponsibility toward their students can scarcely build a strong professional attitude in the future designer . +

+

We must build a corps of highly professional teachers of interior design who have had education , experience in the profession and are willing to take on the usual accompaniments of teaching -- minimal income and minimal status among their confreres . +

+

Considerable specialization in teaching subjects such as architecture , furniture design , textiles and color is also desirable . +

+

In all `` degree '' courses in interior design a number of `` academic '' or `` general studies '' courses are included . +It is only fair to demand that teachers of courses in English , history , psychology and so on be as well informed in matters of art , especially interior design , as are the art teachers educated in the academic subjects . +The proper correlation of the art with the academic can be achieved only if this standard is observed . +The matter of sympathy of the academic professors for art objectives also must be taken into account . +

+

One technical question of school organization comes to mind here . +For proper accreditation of schools , teachers in any course must have a degree at least one level above that for which the student is a candidate . +Since there are almost no schools in the country offering graduate work in interior design this rule cannot at present be observed . +Indeed , it has only been a matter of the last few years that reputable schools of art have granted degrees at all . +The question , however , cannot be ignored for long . +The basic problem involved is that a college setting up a graduate school must have an entirely separate faculty for the advanced degree . +Most professors in the course must , naturally , again have a higher degree than the course offers . +One solution is the aquisition of degrees in education but it is a poor substitute . +It is a sort of academic ring-around-a-rosy and you solve it . +

+

This brings us to the question of accreditation of art schools in general . +Only the independent art schools , that is , those not connected with any university or college , receive severe and separate investigation before accreditation by the various regional organizations . +It has been the custom for most universities to stretch the blanket of accreditation for their liberal arts school to cover the shivering body of their fine arts department . +This , plus the habit of many schools of simply adding interior design to the many subjects of their home economics department , yet , nevertheless , claiming that they teach interior design , has contributed to the low repute of many university courses in interior design . +In spite of this , many universities offer adequate and even distinguished courses in the subject . +

+

There will be no mitigation of these offences until all art schools , whether independent or attached to universities have separate accreditation -- as do medical schools -- by an art accreditation group such as the `` National Association of Schools of Art '' . +

+

Independent art schools granting degrees must , naturally , follow this with academic accreditation by the appropriate regional group . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/e31.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/e31.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..693b3d905a6ae9ac96c740fbe827bfa839b9766a --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/e31.xml @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +Sample E31 from Sports Age, 24:9 (September, 1961) + Used by permission + Pp. 15,16,66"Expanding Horizons" by Jim Dee + Pp. 56-58"The Challenge" by George Laycock +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,005 words 3 (0.1%) quotes 14 symbolsE31

Sports Age, 24:9 (September, 1961) + Used by permission +

Arbitrary Hyphen: grass-roots [0920]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The long and ever-increasing column of sportsmen is now moving into a new era . +Modern times have changed the world beyond recognition . +The early years of the twentieth century seem very far away . +But with all the changes in philosophy , dress and terrain -- a few things remain constant , including the devotion of Americans to the great field sports , hunting and fishing . +

+

As the generations move on , clothes become more suitable for the enjoyment of outdoor sports . +Sporting firearms change , markedly for the better . +Just as modern transportation has outmoded the early Studebaker covered wagon , the demand of today's sportsmen and women has necessitated changes in their equipment . +

+

The American firearms and ammunition manufacturers through diligent research and technical development have replaced the muzzle loader and slow-firing single-shot arms with modern fast firing auto-loaders , extremely accurate bolt , lever , and slide action firearms . +And millions of rounds of entirely new and modern small-arms ammunition , designed for today's hunting and target shooting . +

+

And due to modern resource-use and game management practices , there is still game to shoot , even with the ever-expanding encroachment on land and water . +Present conservation practices regard wildlife , not as an expendable natural resource , but as an annual harvest to be sown and also reaped . +Unlimited game bags are possible and legal in more than 40 states , on shooting preserves ( one of the newer phases of modern game-management ) for five and six months each year . +

+

Close to two million game birds were harvested on 1,500 commercial and private shooting preserves , and on State Game Commission-controlled upland game areas during the 1960-61 season . +The shooting development program of the Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute has successfully published these facts in all major outdoor magazines , many national weeklies and the trade papers . +

+

The most effective way to develop more places for more sportsmen to shoot is to encourage properly managed shooting preserves . +This has been the aim of the director of the shooting development program , the New York staff of the Sportsmen's Service Bureau , and the SAAMI shooting preserve field consultants since the start of the program in 1954 . +

+

Following the kick-off of SAAMI's shooting development program in 1954 , a most interesting meeting took place in Washington , D.C. . +The group known as the American Association for Health , , Physical Education , and Recreation ( a division of the National Education Association ) initiated a conference which brought together representatives of the National Rifle Association , SAAMI and the American Fishing Tackle Manufacturers . +This meeting was called to determine how these groups might cooperate to launch what is known as the Outdoor Education Project . +

+

The Outdoor Education Project took cognizance of the fact , so often overlooked , that athletic activities stressed in most school programs have little or no relationship to the physical and mental needs and interests of later life . +The various team sports assuredly have their place in every school , and they are important to proper physical development . +But with the exception of professional athletes , few contact sports and physical education activities in our schools have any carryover in the adult life of the average American man or woman . +

+

Following a vigorous campaign of interpretation and leadership development by OEP director Dr. Julian Smith , today thousands of secondary schools , colleges and universities have shooting and hunting education in their physical education and recreation programs . +SAAMI's financial support since 1955 has contributed to the success of this project in education . +Personnel assigned through the shooting development program have proudly participated in over 53 state and regional workshops , at which hundreds of school administrators , teachers , professors , and recreational leaders have been introduced to Outdoor Education . +Considering that the current school-age potential is 23 million youths , the project and its message on hunting and shooting education have many more to reach . +

+

In 1959 SAAMI's shooting development program announced a new activity designed to expose thousands of teen-age boys and girls to the healthy fun enjoyed through the participation in the shooting sports . +This program is now nationally known as `` Teen Hunter Clubs '' . +

+

Teen Hunter Clubs were initially sponsored by affiliated members of the Allied Merchandising Corporation . +The first program was sponsored by Abraham & Strauss , Hempstead , New York , under the direction of Special Events director Jennings Dennis . +Other pilot programs were conducted by A & S , Babylon , New York ; ; +J. L. Hudson , Detroit ; ; +Joseph Horne , Pittsburgh . +

+

Other THC activities followed , conducted by shopping centers , department stores , recreation equipment dealers , radio-TV stations , newspapers , and other organizations interested in the need existing to acquaint youngsters with the proper use of sporting firearms and the development of correct attitudes and appreciations related to hunting and wise use of our natural resources . +SAAMI's field men have served as consultants and/or have participated in 75 Teen Hunter Club activities which have reached over 40,000 enthusiastic young Americans . +

+

Through the efforts of SAAMI's shooting development program these shooting activities , and many others , including assists in the development of public and privately financed shooting parks , trap and skeet leagues , rifle and pistol marksmanship programs have been promoted , to mention only a few . +

+

The continuation and expansion of the shooting development program will assure to some degree that national and community leaders will be made aware of the ever-growing need for shooting facilities and activities for hunting and shooting in answer to public demand . +While individual sportsmen are aware of this situation , too many of our political , social , educational and even religious leaders too often forget it . +Help is needed from dealers , at the grass-roots level . +

+

The American gun and ammunition producers sponsor a successful promotional program through their industry trade association . +Since SAAMI's conception in 1926 , and more specifically since the adoption of the Shooting Development Program in 1954 , millions of dollars and promotional man-hours have gone into the development of more places to shoot for more youths and adults . +We trust that you , as a gun and ammunition dealer , have benefited through additional sales of equipment . +

+

Are you getting top dollar from the shooting sports ? ? +Are you looking ahead to the exploding market of millions of American boys and girls , who will grow up to enjoy a traditional American way of life -- ranging the fields with a fine American gun and uniformly excellent ammunition ? ? +

+

Is your sporting firearms and ammunition department primed for the expanding horizons ? ? +

+

Would you like to organize Teen Hunters Clubs , shooting programs , and have information on seasons including six months of hunting with unlimited game bags on shooting preserves ? ? +Ask Sammy Shooter . +We were camping a few weeks ago on Cape Hatteras Campground in that land of pirates , seagulls and bluefish on North Carolina's famed Outer Banks . +This beach campground with no trees or hills presents a constant camping show with all manner of equipment in actual use . +

+

With the whole camp exposed to view we could see the variety of canvas shelters in which Americans are camping now . +There were umbrella tents , wall tents , cottage tents , station wagon tents , pup tents , Pop tents , Baker tents , tents with exterior frames , camper trailers , travel trailers , and even a few surplus parachutes serving as sunshades over entire family camps . +

+

Moving around camp we saw all kinds of camp stoves , lanterns , coolers , bedding , games , fishing tackle , windbreaks and sunshades . +We saw similar displays in the other three campgrounds in this 70-mile-long National Seashore Recreation Area . +Dealers would do well to visit such a campground often , look at the equipment and talk with the campers . +Here you begin to appreciate the scope of the challenges and possibilities facing the industry . +

+

Camping is big and getting bigger . +No one knows where it will stop . +Almost every official who reflects on it thinks this movement of Americans to canvas dwellings opens one of the most promising of all outdoor markets . +You read various guesses on how many Americans are camping . +The number depends on who is talking at the moment . +The figures range as high as 15 million families . +I've heard 10 million mentioned often , but I'm more inclined to think there may be a total of some five to seven million families camping . +Seven million families would total 30 million Americans or more . +Consider the equipment needed to protect this many from the weather , to make their cooking easy and their sleeping comfortable . +

+

More campers than campsites +Harassed state park officials often have more campers than they know what to do with . +They are struggling to meet the demand for camping space , but families are being turned away , especially on holiday weekends . +The National Parks , always popular camping places , are facing the same pressure . +The National Park Service hopes by 1966 to have 30,000 campsites available for 100,000 campers a day -- almost twice what there are at present . +The U.S. Forest Service cares for hundreds of thousands of campers in its 149 National Forests and is increasing its facilities steadily . +

+

But the campers still come . +They bring their families and tents and camp kitchens and bedding . +They bring their fishing rods and binoculars and bathing suits . +They come prepared for family fun because Americans in ever-growing numbers are learning that here is the way to a fine economical vacation that becomes a family experience of lasting importance . +

+

Why they keep coming +There are a half dozen reasons helping to account for the migration to the campgrounds . +Among them , according to the U.S. Department of Commerce , are : ( 1 ) shorter work weeks , ( 2 ) higher pay , ( 3 ) longer paid vacations , ( 4 ) better transportation , ( 5 ) earlier retirement , and ( 6 ) more education . +The more people learn about their country , the more they want to learn . +Camping is family fun , and it is helping more Americans see more of the country than they ever saw before . +

+

But make no mistake about it , the first reason people turn to camping is one of economy . +Here is the promise of a vacation trip they can afford . +

+

The American Automobile Association , computing the cost for two people to vacation by automobile , comes up with an average daily expenditure figure of $29 . +The AAA then splits it down this way : $10.50 for meals , $9.50 for lodging , $7 for gas and oil , and $2 for tips and miscellaneous . +

+

What does the camping couple do to this set of figures ? ? +The $9.50 for lodging they save . +Because they prepare their own meals they also keep in their pockets a good portion of that $10.50 food bill along with most of the tip money . +The automobile expenses are about the only vacationing cost they can't either eliminate or pare down drastically by camping along the way . +

+

Where Americans used to think of a single vacation each summer , they now think about how many vacations they can have . +Long weekends enable many to get away from home for three or four days several times a year . +And even if they stay in resorts part of the time , they might , if the right salesman gets them in tow , develop a yearning to spice the usual vacation fare with a camping trip into the wide open spaces . +

+

It would be a mistake to sell those thousands of beginning campers on the idea they're buying the comforts of home . +They're not . +Home is the place to find the comforts of home . +They're buying fun and adventure and family experiences . +But it would also be a mistake for them not to realize how comfortable camping has become . +This is no longer a way of life for the bearded logger and the wandering cowboy . +Today's campers want comforts , and they have them . +And this helps explain why so many people are now going camping . +It's fun , and it's easy -- so easy that there is time left after cooking , and tent keeping , for the women to get out and enjoy outdoor fun with their families . +

+

Camp meals are no great problem . +Neither are beds , thanks to air mattresses and sleeping bags . +Neither are shelters , because there is one to meet the needs of every camper or prospective camper . +

+

But there is still the sometimes complex problem of helping campers choose the best equipment for their individual needs . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f04.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f04.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a31a07e5552d06aee47b32cb53a9e4ca7f102905 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f04.xml @@ -0,0 +1,172 @@ +Sample F04 from Ruth F. Rosevear, "North Country School Cares for the Whole Child," + Prevention, 13:9 (September, 1961), 82-83,85,88 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,006 words 172 (8.6%) quotes 2 symbolsF04

Used by permission0010-1790

 Ruth F. Rosevear, "North Country School Cares for the Whole Child," + Prevention, 13:9 (September, 1961), 82-83,85,88 +

Typographical Error: deserts [for dessert] [1240]Note: home-made [1140] homemade [1650]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

`` The food is wonderful and it is a lot of fun to be here '' ! ! +

+

So wrote a ten year old student in a letter to his parents from North Country School , Lake Placid , New York . +In this one sentence , he unwittingly revealed the basic philosophy of the nutrition and psychological programs in operation at the school . +

+

Because the food is selected with thought for its nutritional value , care for its origin , and prepared in a manner that retains the most nutrients , the food does taste good . +When served in a psychological atmosphere that allows young bodies to assimilate the greatest good from what they eat because they are free from tension , a foundation is laid for a high level of health that releases the children from physical handicaps to participate with enjoyment in the work assignments , the athletic programs and the most important phase , the educational opportunities . +

+

Situated in a region of some of the loveliest mountain scenery in the country , the school buildings are located amid open fields and farm lands . +These contemporary structures , beautifully adapted to a school in the country , are home to 60 children , ages eight to fourteen , grades four through eight . +From fourteen states and three foreign countries they come to spend the months from mid-September to June . +

+

The Director , Walter E. Clark , believes that a school with children living full time in its care must take full responsibility for their welfare . +To him this means caring for the whole child , providing basic nutrition , and a spiritual attitude that lends freedom for the development of the mind . +

+

Improved farming methods +The concept of good nutrition really began with the garden . +The school has always maintained a farm to supply the needs of the school . +In a climate hostile to agriculture , Mr. Clark has had to keep alert to the most productive farm techniques . +

+

Where a growing season may , with luck , allow 60 days without frost , and where the soil is poor , sandy , quick-drying and subject to erosion , many farmers fail . +Throughout the Adirondack region abandoned farm homes and wild orchards bear ghostly testimony that their owners met defeat . +

+

Mr. Clark found that orthodox procedures of deep plowing , use of chemical fertilizers and insecticides , plus the application of conservation principles of rotation and contouring , did not prevent sheet erosion in the potato fields and depreciation of the soil . +

+

`` To give up these notions required a revolution in thought '' , Mr. Clark said in reminiscing about the abrupt changes in ideas he experienced when he began reading `` Organic Gardening '' And `` Modern Nutrition '' in a search for help with his problems . +

+

`` Louis Bromfield's writings excited me as a conservationist '' . +By 1952 he was convinced he would no longer spray . +He locked his equipment in a cabinet where it still remains . +After reading `` Plowman's Folly '' by Edward H. Faulkner , he stopped plowing . +

+

The basis for compost materials already existed on the school farm with a stable of animals for the riding program , poultry for eggs , pigs to eat garbage , a beef herd and wastes of all kinds . +Separate pails were kept in the kitchen for coffee grounds and egg shells . +

+

All these materials and supplementary manure and other fertilizers from neighboring dairy and poultry farms made over 40 tons of finished compost a year . +It was applied with a compost shredder made from a converted manure spreader . +

+

Years of patient application of compost and leaf mulching has changed the structure of the soil and its water-holding capacity . +Soon after the method changed , visitors began asking how he managed to irrigate his soil to keep it looking moist , when in reality , it was the soil treatment alone that accomplished this . +

+

To demonstrate the soil of his vegetable gardens as it is today , Mr. Clark stooped to scoop up a handful of rich dark earth . +Sniffing its sweet smell and letting it fall to show its good crumbly consistency , he pointed to the nearby driveway and said , `` This soil used to be like that hard packed road over there '' . +

+

`` People and soils respond slowly '' , says Walter Clark , `` but the time has now come when the gardens produce delicious long-keeping vegetables due to this enrichment program . +No chemical fertilizers and poisonous insecticides and fungicides are used '' . +

+

The garden supplies enough carrots , turnips , rutabagas , potatoes , beets , cabbage and squash to store for winter meals in the root cellar . +The carrots sometimes don't make it through the winter ; ; +the cabbage and squash keep until March or April . +There is never enough corn , peas or strawberries . +

+

Mr. Clark still has to use rotenone with potatoes grown on the least fertile fields , but he has watched the insect damage decrease steadily and hopes that continued use of compost and leaf mulch will allow him to do without it in the future . +A new project planned is the use of Bio-Dynamic Starter . +

+

New ideas for improving nutrition came with the study of soil treatment . +`` After the soil , the kitchen '' , says Mr. Clark . +The first major change was that of providing wholewheat bread instead of white bread . +

+

`` Adults take a long time to convince and you are thwarted if you try to push '' . +At first the kitchen help was tolerant , but ordered their own supply of white bread for themselves . +`` You can't make French toast with whole-wheat bread '' , was an early complaint . +Of course they learned in time that they not only could use whole-wheat bread , but the children liked it better . +

+

Homemade bread +Mrs. Clark , as house manager , planned the menus and cared for the ordering . +Then Miss Lillian Colman came from Vermont to be kitchen manager . +Today whole grains are freshly ground every day and baked into bread . +Mr. Clark's studies taught him that the only way to conserve the vitamins in the whole grain was prompt use of the flour . +Once the grains are ground , vitamin E begins to deteriorate immediately and half of it is lost by oxidation and exposure to the air within one week . +

+

A mill stands in a room off the kitchen . +Surrounding it are metal cans of grains ordered from organic farms in the state . +Miss Colman pours measures of whole wheat , oats , and soy beans and turns on the motor . +She goes on about her work and listens for the completion of the grinding . +The bread baked from this mixture is light in color and fragrant in aroma . +It is well liked by the children and faculty . +

+

There is one problem with the bread . +`` Lillian's bread is so good and everything tastes so much better here that it is hard not to eat too much '' , said the secretary ruefully eyeing her extra pounds . +

+

Hot , freshly-ground cereal +The school has not used cold prepared cereals for years , though at one time that was all they ever served . +When the chance came , they first eliminated cold cereal once a week , then gradually converted to hot fresh-ground cereal every day . +

+

They serve cracked wheat , oats or cornmeal . +Occasionally , the children find steamed , whole-wheat grains for cereal which they call `` buckshot '' . +At the beginning of the school year , the new students don't eat the cereal right away , but within a short time they are eating it voraciously . +

+

When they leave for vacations they miss the hot cereal . +The school has received letters from parents asking , `` What happened to Johnny ? ? +He never used to like any hot cereal , now that's the only kind he wants . +Where can we get this cereal he likes so much '' ? ? +

+

Body-building foods +Salads are served at least once a day . +Vegetables are served liberally . +Most come from the root cellar or from the freezer . +Home-made sauerkraut is served once a week . +Sprouted grains and seeds are used in salads and dishes such as chop suey . +Sometimes sprouted wheat is added to bread and causes the children to remark , `` Lillian , did you put nuts in the bread today '' ? ? +

+

Milk appears twice a day . +The school raises enough poultry , pigs , and beef cattle for most of their needs . +Lots of cheese made from June grass milk is served . +Hens are kept on the range and roosters are kept with them for their fertility . +

+

Organ meats such as beef and chicken liver , tongue and heart are planned once a week . +Also , salt water fish is on the table once a week . +

+

For deserts , puddings and pies are each served once a week . +Most other desserts are fruit in some form , fresh fruits once daily at least , sometimes at snack time . +Dried fruits are purchased from sources where they are neither sulphured nor sprayed . +Apples come from a farm in Vermont where they are not sprayed . +Oranges and grapefruit are shipped from Florida weekly from an organic farm . +

+

Finding sources for these high quality foods is a problem . +Sometimes the solution comes in unexpected ways . +Following a talk by Mr. Clark at the New York State Natural Food Associates Convention , a man from the audience offered to ship his unsprayed apples to the school from Vermont . +

+

Wheat-germ , brewer's yeast and ground kelp are used in bread and in dishes such as spaghetti sauce , meat loaves . +Miss Colman hopes to find suitable shakers so that kelp can be available at the tables . +Raw wheat-germ is available on the breakfast table for the children to help themselves . +

+

Very few fried foods are used and the use of salt and pepper is discouraged . +Drinking with meals is also discouraged ; ; +pitchers of water merely appear on the tables . +

+

Nothing is peeled . +The source is known so there is no necessity to remove insecticide residues . +The cooking conserves a maximum of the vitamin C content of vegetables by methods which use very little water and cook in the shortest time possible . +

+

Wholesome snacks , no candy +Since Mr. Clark believes firmly that the chewing of hard foods helps develop healthy gums and teeth , raw vegetables and raw whole-wheat grains are handed out with fresh fruit and whole-wheat cookies at snack time in the afternoons . +To solve the problem of the wheat grains spilling on the floor and getting underfoot , a ball of maple syrup boiled to candy consistency was invented to hold the grains . +

+

On their frequent hikes into the nearby mountains , the children carry whole grains to munch along the trail . +They learn to like these so well that it isn't surprising to hear that one boy tried the oats he was feeding his horse at chore time . +They tasted good to him , so he brought some to breakfast to eat in his cereal bowl with milk and honey . +

+

Maple syrup is made by the children in the woods on the school grounds . +This and raw sugar replace ordinary refined sugar on the tables and very little sugar is used in cooking . +Candy is not allowed . +Parents are asked in the bulletin to send packages of treats consisting of fruit and nuts , but no candy . +

+

Nourishing meals +Mr. Clark believes in a good full breakfast of fruit , hot cereal , milk , honey , whole-wheat toast with real butter and eggs . +The heavy meal comes in the middle of the day . +Soup is often the important dish at supper . +Homemade of meat , bones and vegetables , it is rich in dissolved minerals and vitamins . +

+

The school finds that the children are satisfied with smaller amounts of food since all of it is high in quality . +The cost to feed one person is just under one dollar a day . +

+

Outdoor exercises +Even before he saw the necessity of growing better food and planning good nutrition , Mr. Clark felt the school had a good health program . +Rugged outdoor exercise for an hour and a half every day in all kinds of weather was the rule . +A vigorous program existed in skiing , skating sports and overnight hiking . +

+

Healthier children +Since the change to better nutrition , he feels he can report on improvements in health , though he considers the following statements observations and not scientific proof . +

+

Visitors to the school ask what shampoo they use on the children's hair to bring out the sheen . +The ruddy complexion of the faces also brings comment . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f06.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f06.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5af03590839ea75329a4f2610b853ed84053350b --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f06.xml @@ -0,0 +1,209 @@ +Sample F06 from Modern Maturity, 4:6 (December, 1961-January, 1962) + Pp. 18-19"Let's Discuss Retirement" by Alice Heath Austin + P. 31"What it Means to be Creative" by Harold P. Winchester +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,049 words 101 (4.9%) quotes 1 symbolF06

Used by permission

 Modern Maturity, 4:6 (December, 1961-January, 1962) +

Typographical Errors: burst [for bursts] [0310] specie [for species] [1360]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Are you retiring now ? ? +If so , are you saying , `` Where did the last few years go ? ? +How did I get to be sixty-five so fast ? ? +What do I do now '' ? ? +

+

Yes , retirement seems to creep upon you suddenly . +Somehow we old-timers never figured we would ever retire . +We always thought we would die with our boots on . +Out of the blue comes talk of pension plans . +Compulsory retirement at sixty-five looms on our horizon . +Still , it seems in the far future . +Suddenly , one day , up it pops ! ! +Sixty-five years and you've had it ! ! +

+

So , now what ? ? +Oh sure ! ! +You've thought about it before in a hazy sort of way . +But ! ! +It never seemed real ; ; +never seemed as if it could happen to you ; ; +only to the other fellow . +

+

Now ! ! +Here it is ! ! +How am I going to live ? ? +What am I going to do ? ? +Where do I go from here ? ? +

+

A great many retired people are the so-called white collar workers . +Are you one of these ? ? +

+

If so , you are of the old school . +You are conscientious , hard working , honest , accurate , a good penman , and a stickler for a job well done , with no loose ends . +Everything must balance to the last penny . +Also you can spell , without consulting a dictionary for every other word . +You never are late for work and seldom absent . +

+

Actually , you can take no special credit for this . +It is the way you were taught and your way of life . +All this is standard equipment for a man of your day ; ; +your stock in trade ; ; +your livelihood . +

+

However , the last few years of your life , things seem to be changing . +Your way doesn't seem to be so darned important any more . +You realize you are getting in the old fogy class . +To put it bluntly , you are getting out-moded . +

+

What's happened ? ? +The answer is a new era . +

+

Now , looming on the horizon are such things as estimated totals , calculated risks and I.B.M. machines . +The Planning Dept. comes into existence . +All sorts of plans come to life . +This is followed by a boom in conferences . +Yes sir ! ! +Conferences become very popular . +When a plan burst its seams , hasty conferences supply the necessary patch , and life goes merrily on . +That's called progress ! ! +The new way of life ! ! +Let's face it ! ! +You had your day and it was a good day . +Let this generation have theirs . +Time marches on ! ! +

+

Well , to get back to the problem of retirement . +Every retiring person has a different situation facing him . +Some have plenty of money -- some have very little money . +Some are blest with an abundance of good health -- some are in poor health and many are invalids . +Some have lovely homes -- some live in small apartments . +Some have beautiful gardens -- some not even a blade of grass . +Some have serenity of mind , the ability to accept what they have , and make the most of it ( a wonderful gift to have , believe me ) -- some see only darkness , the bitter side of everything . +Well , whatever you have , that's it ! ! +You've got to learn to live with it . +

+

Now ! ! +The question is `` How are you going to live with it '' ? ? +

+

You can sit back and moan and bewail your lot . +Yes ! ! +You can do this . +But , if you do , your life will be just one thing -- unhappiness -- complete and unabridged . +

+

It seems to me , the first thing you've got to do , to be happy , is to face up to your problems , no matter what they may be . +Make up your mind to pool your resources and get the most out of your remaining years of life . +One thing , I am sure of , you must get an interest in life . +You've got to do something . +

+

Many of you will say , `` Well , what can I do '' ? ? +

+

Believe me ! ! +There are many , many things to do . +Find out what you like to do most and really give it a whirl . +If you can't think of a thing to do , try something -- anything . +Maybe you will surprise yourself . +

+

True ! ! +We are not all great artists . +I , frankly , can't draw a straight line . +Maybe you are not that gifted either , but how about puttering around with the old paints ? ? +You may amaze yourself and acquire a real knack for it . +Anyway , I'll bet you have a lot of fun . +

+

Do you like to sew ? ? +Does making your own clothes or even doll clothes , interest you ? ? +Do you love to run up a hem , sew on buttons , make neat buttonholes ? ? +If you do , go to it . +There is always a market for this line of work . +Some women can sit and sew , crochet , tat or knit by the hour , and look calm and relaxed and turn out beautiful work . +Where sewing is concerned , I'm a total loss . +When you see a needle in my hands you will know the family buttons have fallen off and I have to sew them back on , or get out the safety pins . +

+

Then again , there's always that lovely old pastime of hooking or braiding rugs . +Not for me , but perhaps just the thing for you . +

+

Well ! ! +How's about mosaic tile , ceramics or similar arts and crafts ? ? +Some people love to crack tile and it's amazing what beautiful designs they come up with as a result of their cracking good time . +

+

How about the art of cooking ? ? +Do you yearn to make cakes and pies , or special cookies and candies ? ? +There is always an open market for this sort of delicacy , in spite of low calorie diets , cottage cheese and hands-off-all-sweets to the contrary . +

+

Some people can carve most anything out of a piece of wood . +Some make beautiful chairs , cabinets , chests , doll houses , etc. . +Perhaps you couldn't do that but have you ever tried to see what you could do with a hunk of wood ? ? +Outside of cutting your fingers , maybe you would come up with nothing at all , but then again , you might turn out some dandy little gadgets . +

+

Some women get a real thrill out of housework . +They love to dust , scrub , polish , wax floors , move the furniture around from place to place , take down the curtains , put up new ones and have themselves a real ball . +Maybe that's your forte . +It certainly isn't mine . +I can look at furniture in one spot year in and year out and really feel for sure that's where it belongs . +

+

Perhaps you would like to become a writer . +This gives you a wide and varied choice . +Will it be short stories , fiction , nonfiction , biography , poetry , children's stories , or even a book if you are really ambitious ? ? +

+

Ever since I was a child , I have always had a yen to try my hand at writing . +If you do decide to write , you will soon become acquainted with rejection slips and dejection . +Don't be discouraged ! ! +This is just being a normal writer . +Just let the rejection slips fall where they may , and keep on plugging , and finally you will make the grade . +Few new writers have their first story accepted , so they tell me . +But , it could happen , and it may happen to you . +

+

Then there's always hobbies , collecting stamps , coins , timetables , salt and pepper shakers , elephants , dogs , dolls , shells , or shall we just say collecting anything your heart desires ? ? +

+

I can hear some of you folks protesting . +You say , `` But it costs a lot of money to have a hobby . +I haven't got that kind of money '' . +

+

True ! ! +It does cost a lot of money for most hobbies but there are hobbies that are for free . +How about a rock collection , or a collection of leaves from different trees or shrubs and in different colors ? ? +Then , take flowers . +They are many and varied . +Also , there's scrap books , collecting newspaper pictures and clippings , or any items of interest to you . +It's getting interested in something that counts . +

+

As for me , I am holding in reserve two huge puzzles ( I love puzzles ) to put together when time hangs heavy on my hands . +So far , the covers have never been off the boxes . +I just don't have time to do half the things I want to do now . +

+

So in closing , fellow retired members , I advise you to make the most of each day , enjoy each one to the n'th degree . +Travel , if you can . +Keep occupied to the point you are not bored with life and you will truly find these final days and years of your lives to be sunshine sweet . +

+

Good Luck ! ! +To one and all -- Good Days ahead ! ! +An important criterion of maturity is creativity . +The mature person is creative . +What does it mean to be creative , a term we hear with increasing frequency these days ? ? +When we turn to Noah Webster we find him helpful as usual . +`` To be creative is to have the ability to cause to exist -- to produce where nothing was before -- to bring forth an original production of human intelligence or power '' . +We are creative , it seems , when we produce something which has not previously existed . +Thus creativity may run all the way from making a cake , building a chicken coop , or producing a book , to founding a business , creating a League of Nations or , developing a mature character . +

+

All living creatures from the lowest form of insect or animal life evidence the power of creativity , if it is only to reproduce a form like their own . +While man shares this procreative function with all his predecessors in the evolutionary process , he is the only animal with a true non-instinctive and conscious creative ability . +An animal , bird or insect creates either a burrow , or nest or hive in unending sameness according to specie . +Man's great superiority over these evolutionary forbears is in the development of his imagination . +This gives him the power to form in his mind new image combinations of old memories , ideas and experiences and to project them outside of himself into his environment in new and ever-changing forms . +

+

It has been truly said that anything man can imagine he can produce or create by projecting this inner image into its counterpart in the objective world . +In our own time we have seen the most fantastic imagery of a Jules Verne come into actuality . +The vision of a Lord Tennyson expressed in a poem 100 years ago took visible form over London in the air blitzes of 1941 . +In fact all of our civilized world is the resultant of man's projection of his imagination over the past 60 centuries or more . +It is in this one aspect , at least , that man seems to be made in the image of his Creator . +

+

Not only can man project his imagination out into his environment in concrete forms , but even more importantly , he can turn it inward to help create new and better forms of himself . +We recognize that young people through imaginative mind and body training can become athletes , acrobats , dancers , musicians and artists , developing many potentialities . +We know that actors can learn to portray a wide variety of character roles . +By this same combination of the will and the imagination , each one of us can learn to portray permanently the kind of character we would like to be . +We must realize with Prof. Charles Morris in his The Open Self that `` Man is the being that can continually remake himself , the artisan that is himself the material for his own creation '' . +

+

So far in history man has been too greatly over-occupied with projecting things into his environment rather than first creating the sort of person who can make the highest use of the things he has created . +Is not the present world crisis a race between things we have created which can now destroy us and between populations of sufficient wisdom and character to forestall the tragedy . +Is it not the obligation of us older citizens to lend our weight to being creative on the character side and to hasten our own maturing process ? ? +

+

Sir Julian Huxley in his book Uniqueness Of Man makes the novel point that just as man is unique in being the only animal which requires a long period of infancy and childhood under family protection , so is he the only animal who has a long period after the decline of his procreativity . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f07.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f07.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10a78a3e50d6373b793fdf6b59b7276f77bbc1dd --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f07.xml @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +Sample F07 from Sexology, 28:1 (August, 1961) + Pp. 35-38"How to Have a Successful Honeymoon" by Marvin Sentnor, M.D. andStephen Hult, M.D. + Pp. 39-40"Attitudes Toward Nudity" by Reverend H. Walter Yoder +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,014 words 80 (4.0%) quotesF07

Used by permission

Sexology, 28:1 (August, 1961) +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Some recent writings assume that the ignorant young couples are a thing of the remote , Victorian past ; ; +that nowadays all honeymooners are thoroughly familiar with the best sex-manuals and know enough from talk with friends and personal experimentation to take all the anxiety and hazards out of the situation . +

+

Perhaps -- but extensive discussions with contemporary practitioners , family doctors and gynecologists indicate that this is still an area of enormous ignorance . +Joking and talking may be freer and easier , but the important factual information is still lacking for far too many newly-married men and women . +

+

Various factors in the setting can still be of great advantage in making the first intercourse a good rather than a bad memory for one or both . +Privacy must be highly assured both in time and place . +That is , locking the room or stateroom door gives privacy of location , but it is equally important to be sure there is time enough for an utterly unhurried fulfillment . +

+

If the wedding party lasted late , and the travel schedule means there are only a few hours before resuming the trip or making an early start , the husband may forestall tensions and uncertainties by confiding to his bride that lying in each other's arms will be bliss enough for these few hours . +The consummation should come at the next stopping place when they have a long private time ( day or night ) for that purpose . +

+

First intercourse for the bride brings with it the various problems connected with virginity and the hymen . +

+

One thing should be clear to both husband and wife -- neither pain nor profuse bleeding has to occur when the hymen is ruptured during the first sex act . +Ignorance on this point has caused a great deal of needless anxiety , misunderstanding and suspicion . +

+

The hymen is , in essence , a fragile membrane that more or less completely covers the entrance to the vagina in most female human beings who have not had sex relations . +( Hymen , in fact , is the Greek word for membrane . +

+

Often it is thin and fragile and gives way readily to the male organ at the first attempt at intercourse . +As might be expected , girls in this situation bleed very little and perhaps not at all in the process of losing their virginity . +

+

It is also important to realize that many girls are born without a hymen or at most only a tiny trace of one ; ; +so that the absence of the hymen is by no means positive proof that a girl has had sex relations . +

+

But there is a basis in fact for the exaggerations of the folk-lore beliefs . +Some hymens are so strongly developed that they cannot be torn without considerable pain to the girl and marked loss of blood . +More rarely , the hymen is so sturdy that it does not yield to penetration . +

+

Extreme cases are on record in which the doctor has had to use instruments to cut through the hymen to permit marital relations to be consummated . +These cases , for all their rarity , are so dramatic that friends and relations repeat the story until the general population may get an entirely false notion of how often the hymen is a serious problem to newly-weds . +

+

In recent times , when sexual matters began to be discussed more scientifically and more openly , the emotional aspects of virginity received considerable attention . +Obviously , the bridal pair has many adjustments to make to their new situation . +Is it necessary to add to the other tensions the hazard of making the loving husband the one who brought pain to his bride ? ? +

+

Gynecologists and marriage manuals began to advise that the bride should consult a physician before marriage . +If he foresaw any problem because of the quality of the hymen , it was recommended that simple procedures be undertaken at once to incise the hymen or , preferably , to dilate it . +

+

As a natural outgrowth of this approach it was often suggested that the doctor should complete the preparation for painless intercourse by dilating the vagina . +

+

This recommendation was based on the fact that the hymen was not the only barrier to smooth consummation of the sex act . +The vagina is an organ capable of remarkable contraction and dilation . +This is obvious when it is remembered that , during childbirth , the vagina must dilate enough to permit the passage of the baby . +

+

The intricate system of muscles that manage the contraction and dilatation of the vagina are partly under voluntary control . +But an instinctive reflex may work against the conscious intention of the woman . +That is , when first penetration takes place , the pressure and pain signals may involuntarily cause all the vaginal muscles to contract in an effort to bar the intrusion and prevent further pain . +

+

The advantages of dilatation by the physician are both physical and psychological . +Since it is a purely professional situation , none of the pain is associated with love-making or the beloved . +By using instruments of gradually increasing size , the vagina is gently , and with minimum pain at each stage , taught to yield to an object of the appropriate shape . +

+

In this process the vaginal muscles come under better conscious control by the girl . +She learns how to relax them to accept -- instead of contracting them to repel -- the entering object . +

+

Apart from the standard problem of controlling the vaginal muscles , other serious barriers may exist that need special gynecological treatment . +It is far better to have such conditions treated in advance than to have them show up on the honeymoon where they can create a really serious situation . +

+

When no medical problems exist , the newly married couple generally prefer to cope with the adjustments of their new relationship by themselves . +Special information and guidance about the possible difficulties are still of great value . +Folk-lore , superstition and remembered passages from erotic literature can create physical and emotional problems if blindly taken as scientific facts and useful hints . +

+

The importance of loving tenderness is obvious . +The long , unhurried approach and the deliberate prolongation of fore-play work on several levels . +Under the excitement of caresses and sexual stimulation the vagina relaxes and dilates and the local moisture greatly increases , providing an excellent lubricant to help achieve an easier penetration . +

+

Extensive observations by physicians during vaginal examinations have established the fact that a single finger inserted along the anterior wall ( the top line of the vagina as the woman lies on her back ) may cause a great deal of distress in a virgin . +But during the same examination , two fingers may be inserted along the posterior wall ( the bottom of the vagina in the same position ) without any pain ; ; +and in fact without any difficulty if the pressure is kept downward at all times . +

+

These regional differences of sensitivity to pain may be of crucial significance during the earliest intercourse . +The husband and wife should start with this anatomical information clearly in mind . +They may then adjust their positions and movements to avoid too much pressure on the urethra and the anterior wall of the vagina ; ; +at least until repeated intercourse has dilated it and pain is no longer a possible threat against the full pleasure of love-making . +

+

In fact , the technical procedure in medical examinations may be wisely adapted to his romantic purposes by the husband during the honeymoon . +

+

Locker-room talk often stresses the idea that a man is doing the girl a favor if he is forceful and ruthless during the first penetration . +The false reasoning is that a gradual advance prolongs the pain while a swift powerful act gets it over with and leaves the girl pleased with his virility and grateful for his decisiveness in settling the problem once and for all . +

+

Such talk is seriously in error . +Ruthlessness at this time can be a very severe shock to the bride , both physically and psychologically . +The insistent , forceful penetration may tear and inflame the vaginal walls as well as do excessive damage to the hymen . +

+

The pain and distress associated with the performance may easily give the wife a deep-seated dread of marital relations and cause her , unconsciously , to make the sex act unpleasant and difficult for both by exercising her vaginal muscles to complicate his penetration instead of relaxing them to facilitate it . +

+

Serious attention must also be given to the husband's problems in the honeymoon situation . +The necessity for keeping alert to his bride's hazards can act as an interference with the man's spontaneous desire . +The emotional stimulation may be so great that he may experience a premature climax . +This is a very common experience and should in no way discourage or dishearten either husband or wife . +

+

Or the frequent need to check and discipline himself to the wisest pace of the consummation can put him off stride and make it impossible for him to be continuously ready for penetration over a long period . +The signals to proceed may therefore come when he is momentarily not able to take advantage of them . +

+

The best course is to recover his physical excitement by a change of pace that makes him ardent again . +This may require imagination and reminding himself that now he can be demanding and self-centered . +He can take security from the fact that the progress he has made by his gentle approach will not be lost . +

+

Now while he uses talk , caresses or requires caresses from her , his bride will sympathetically understand the situation and eagerly help him restore his physical situation so they can have the consummation they both so eagerly desire . +

+

A final word . +The accumulated information on this point shows that first intercourse , even when it is achieved with minimum pain or difficulty , is seldom an overwhelming sexual experience to a woman . +Too many new things are happening for it to be a complete erotic fulfillment . +

+

Only under rare circumstances would a bride experience an orgasm during her first intercourse . +Both man and wife should be aware of the fact that a lack of climax , and even the absence of the anticipated keen pleasure are not a sign that the wife may be cold or frigid . +

+

If the early approaches are wise , understanding and patient , the satisfactions of marital fulfillment will probably be discovered before the marriage is much older . +

+

Writing in a large volume on the nude in painting and sculptures , titled The Nude : A Study In Ideal Form , Kenneth Clark declares : `` The human body , as a nucleus , is rich in associations . +It is ourselves and arouses memories of all the things we wish to do with ourselves '' . +

+

Perhaps this is a clue to the amazing variety and power of reactions , attitudes , and emotions precipitated by the nude form . +

+

The wide divergence of reactions is clearly illustrated in the Kinsey studies in human sexuality . +Differences were related to social , economic , and educational backgrounds . +Whereas persons of eighth grade education or less were more apt to avoid or be shocked by nudity , those educated beyond the eighth grade increasingly welcomed and approved nudity in sexual relations . +

+

Such understanding helps to explain why one matron celebrating thirty-five years of married life could declare with some pride that her husband had `` never seen her entirely naked '' , while another woman , boasting an equal number of years of married life , is proud of having `` shared the nudist way of life -- the really free , natural nude life -- for most of that period '' . +

+

Attempts at censorship always involve and reveal such complex and multiple individual reactions . +The indignant crusader sees the nude or semi-nude human form as `` lewd and pornographic , a threat and danger '' to all the young , or good , or religious , or moral persons . +

+

The equally ardent proponent of freedom from any kind of censorship may find the nude human form the `` natural , honest , free expression of man's spirit and the epitome of beauty and inspiration '' . +

+

One is always a little surprised to bump into such individual distinctions when it is unexpected . +I still recall the mild shock I experienced in reading material of an enthusiastic advocate of the `` clean , healthful , free way of natural life in nudism '' , who seemed to brave much misunderstanding and persecution in fine spirit . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f09.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f09.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2621f8cee70346014f1c5bf5640f303fbfef2122 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f09.xml @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +Sample F09 from Confidential, 9:1 (January, 1961) + Pp. 37-39"The Fantastic Life and Death of the Golden Prostitute" by David Martinson + P. 40 "When It Comes to Carpets-Don't Be a Wall- to-Wall Sucker" by Isel D. Rugget +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,010 words 481 (23.9%) quotes 1 symbolF09

Used by permission

Confidential, 9:1 (January, 1961) +

Arbitrary Hyphen: play-girl [0170]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

She gave herself a title , Lady Diana Harrington . +

+

The New York D.A. gave her another , The Golden Girl of cafe society . +

+

Houston police gave her a third , less flamboyant , title , prostitute . +

+

And Houston police have the final say in the matter since she died there on September 20 , 1960 , `` Diane Harris Graham , 30 , D.O.A. , circumstances -- unusual '' . +

+

Early in her life she had discovered that where there were men , there was money , and with the two came luxury and liquor . +She was still in the play for pay business when she died , a top trollop who had given the world's oldest profession one of its rare flashes of glamour . +

+

She never hid the fact that she liked to play . +Her neighbors in the expensive Houston apartment building told reporters that the ash-blonde beauty had talked at times about her past as `` the Golden Girl of the Mickey Jelke trial '' . +

+

It was the trial of oleomargarine heir Minot ( Mickey ) Jelke for compulsory prostitution in New York that put the spotlight on the international play-girl . +( Jelke later served 21 months when he was found guilty of masterminding a ring of high-priced call girls . +

+

Diane was needed as a material witness in the case and New York police searched three continents before they found her in their own back yard -- in a swank hotel , of course . +She had been moving in cafe society as Lady Diana Harrington , a name that made some of the gossip columns . +

+

It was when she was seized as a material witness that she got the designation she liked best . +

+

Clad in mink and diamonds , she listened to Assistant District Attorney Anthony Liebler describe her to the arraigning judge : +

+

`` This girl is the Golden Girl of cafe society . +

+

`` In 1951 she was a prostitute in New York County . +In the spring and early summer of that year she met a wealthy foreign tycoon who took her to France , where she later met a very wealthy man and toured all Europe with him . +

+

`` At Deauville she met an Egyptian by the name of Pulley Bey . +He was the official procurer for King Farouk , now in exile . +She was in Egypt during the revolution and had passport difficulty . +She lied in order to get it . +

+

`` We have checked her in different parts of Europe and Egypt and finally back into this country . +She has been acting as a prostitute . +

+

`` Our information is that she gave the proceeds of her acts to Jelke '' . +

+

Diane sobbingly denied this to the court . +

+

`` That's a lie . +I never gave that boy a cent . +I am not a prostitute , and I had only one very wealthy boy friend '' , she said . +

+

During the course of the trial , Jelke backed up part of that statement . +

+

`` Diane is the type of girl '' , Jelke said , `` who wouldn't get loving -- even on her wedding night -- unless you piled up all your money in the middle of the floor '' . +

+

But she seemed to have underestimated the number of her `` boy friends '' . +

+

She came to New York from Detroit as a teenager , but with a `` sponsor '' instead of a chaperone . +As she told it , `` He's a rich boy friend , an old guy about 60 '' . +She was Mary Lou Brew then , wide-eyed , but not naive . +She had talked her `` boy friend '' into sending her to New York to take a screen test . +

+

The screen test was never made -- but Diane was . +She quickly moved into cafe society , possibly easing her conscience by talking constantly of her desire to be in show business . +

+

She seemed so anxious to go on the stage that some of her friends in the cocktail circuit set up a practical joke . +

+

An ex-fighter was introduced to her in a bar as `` Mr. Warfield , the famous producer '' . +The phony producer asked her if she would like to be in one of his shows . +

+

`` I'd love to audition for you '' , she gushed . +

+

The audition was held a few minutes later in somebody's apartment . +She thought she had great possibilities in the ballet and wanted to show the eminent producer how well she could dance . +

+

After a few minutes he said , `` I can't use you if you dance like that . +I'd like to see you dance nude '' . +

+

She hastily complied . +Diane loved to dance in the nude , something she was to demonstrate time and again . +

+

She developed another quaint habit . +Even among the fast set in which she was moving , her method for keeping an escort from departing too early was unique . +

+

When the date would try to bid her good-night at the door , she would tell him , `` If you go home now , I'll scream '' . +More often than not he would bow to the inevitable . +

+

One who needed no such threats was a French financier . +One of the blonde's yearnings that he satisfied was for travel . +She wanted to go around the world , but she settled for a French holiday . +

+

In an anonymous interview with a French newspaper the financier told of spending several months with her . +`` Then she went to Deauville where she met a member of a powerful Greek syndicate of gamblers '' . +

+

The Greek evidently fell for her , `` Monsieur X '' recounted , and to clinch what he thought was an affair in the making he gave her 100,000 francs ( about $300 ) and led her to the roulette tables . +

+

She could do no wrong at the tables that time . +And in short order the croupier had pushed several million francs her way . +Smarter than most gamblers , she slipped away from the casino , packed her bag and took the night train to Paris . +No one ever learned what happened to the Greek . +

+

The luxury of Paris' most fashionable hotel , the George 5 , , bored the beautifully-built blonde , so she high-tailed it to Rome . +

+

She teamed up with another beauty , whose name has been lost to history , and commenced with some fiddling that would have made Nero envious . +

+

To climax her Roman revels , she was thrown out of the swanky Hotel Excelsior after she had run naked through its marble halls screaming for help . +

+

It was a rugged finish for what must have been a very interesting night . +

+

Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental . +

+

`` There had been a threesome at the party in the suite's bedroom : Miss Harrington ( this was Diane's choice for a Roman name ) , another woman who has figured in other very interesting events and one of your well-known American actors . +

+

`` The actor had had much to drink and apparently became very violent . +The hotel staff , as well as residents of the Excelsior , told us they saw that both ladies were bleeding from scratches as they were seen fleeing down the hall . +

+

`` They were wearing nothing but their scratches . +They were asked to leave the hotel . +No charges were filed '' . +

+

The girls , after dressing , were indignant . +

+

`` You can't do this to us '' , Diane screamed . +`` We are Americans '' . +

+

In the morning she found rooms directly across from the Excelsior at the equally luxurious Hotel Ambassador . +

+

With the Ambassador as headquarters , she continued to promote good will abroad . +Of course , her benevolence was limited to those who could afford it , but then there is a limit to what one person can do . +

+

By this time Diane was a beguiling lass of 19 and still seeking her place in the world . +She thought royal status might come her way when , while she was still in Rome , she met Pulley Bey , a personal procurer to King Farouk of Egypt . +

+

A close friend of hers in the Roman days described it this way : +

+

`` It was a strange relationship . +Pulley Bey spoke no English . +Diane spoke no Italian or French . +She had a hard time making him understand that it was Farouk she wished to meet . +

+

`` Pulley Bey insisted that she bestow her favors on him '' , the friend continued . +It seemed as though she were always auditioning . +

+

No believer in the traditional devotion of royal servitors , the plump Pulley broke the language barrier and lured her to Cairo where she waited for nine months , vainly hoping to see Farouk . +

+

Pulley had set her up at the Semiramis Hotel , but she grew impatient waiting for a royal reception and moved to a luxurious apartment to which the royal pimp had no key . +

+

She picked her own Middle-Eastern friends from the flock of ardent Egyptians that buzzed around her . +Tewfik Badrawi , Mohammed Gaafer and numerous other wealthy members of Cairo society enjoyed her company . +

+

`` So extensive became her circle of admirers '' , Egyptian police said , `` that her escapades caused distrust '' . +

+

The roof was about ready to fall in on Diane's little world , but it took nothing less than the Egyptian revolution to bring it down . +When Farouk was overthrown , police picked up his personal pimp , Pulley Bey . +They also called upon Diane with a request for a look at her passport . +

+

The cagey Pulley Bey , who spoke no English , had taken the passport so that Diane couldn't leave the country without his approval . +Officials provided a temporary passport , good only for return to the United States . +

+

And return to the United States she did , into waiting arms -- the unromantic ones of the New York District Attorney's office . +

+

Held as a material witness in the compulsory prostitution trial of Mickey Jelke , the comely courtesan was unable to raise bail and was committed to the Women's House of Detention , a terribly overcrowded prison . +

+

It is a tribute to her talents that she was able to talk the District Attorney into having her removed from the prison to a hotel room , with her meals taken at Vesuvio's , an excellent Italian restaurant . +

+

Newspapers at the time noted that the move indicated that she was co-operating with the District Attorney . +

+

With the end of the trial Diane disappeared from New York . +It was no longer fashionable to be seen with fabulous `` Lady Harrington '' . +

+

Several years ago she married a Houston business man , Robert Graham . +She later divorced Graham , who is believed to have moved to Bolivia . +

+

Houston police got to know Diane two years ago when the vice squad picked her up for questioning about a call girl ring . +Last May , they said , she admitted being a prostitute . +

+

The next time the police saw her she was dead . +

+

It was September 20 , 1960 , in a lavishly decorated apartment littered with liquor bottles . +She had had a party with a regular visitor , Dr. William W. McClellan . +

+

McClellan , who had once lost his medical license temporarily on a charge of drug addiction , was with her when she died . +He had been in the apartment two days and was hazy about what had happened during that time . +When he realized she was dead , he called two lawyers and then the police . +

+

When the police arrived , they found McClellan and the two lawyers sitting and staring silently . +

+

The blonde's nude body was in bed , a green sheet and a pink blanket covered her . +Pictures of her in more glamorous days were on the walls . +

+

An autopsy disclosed a large amount of morphine in Diane's body . +Police theorize that a combination of dope , drink and drugs killed her . +

+

`` I think that maybe she wanted it this way '' , a vice squad cop said . +`` A maid told us that she still bragged about getting $50 a date . +She was on the junk , and they slide fast when that happens . +At least she never knew what the bottom was like '' . +I am a carpet salesman . +

+

I work for one of the biggest chains of retail carpet houses in the East . +We cater mostly to nice people in the $5-8,000 annual income bracket and we run a string of snazzy , neon-lit , chromium-plated suburban stores . +

+

I am selling the stuff of which is made one of the Great American Dreams -- wall-to-wall carpeting . +

+

There is only one trouble with this big , beautiful dream . +From where I sit it looks more like a nightmare . +

+

People come to me with confidence . +They depend on my supposedly expert knowledge of a trade of which they themselves know little . +

+

But I knowingly abuse their confidence . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f10.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f10.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a44b67d2efc1f807111e7997807d2c8cc56253a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f10.xml @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +Sample F10 from Jack Kaplan, "The Health Machine Menace: Therapy by Witchcraft" + Today's Health, 39:2 (February, 1961), 28-31,81-82 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,006 words 211 (10.5%) quotes 10 symbolsF10

Used by permission of Today's Health, published by the

Jack Kaplan, "The Health Machine Menace: Therapy by Witchcraft" + Today's Health, 39:2 (February, 1961), 28-31,81-82 +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Franklin D. Lee proved a man of prompt action when Mrs. Claire Shaefer , accompanied by a friend , visited him in Bakersfield , California , several months ago as a prospective patient . +`` Doctor '' Lee asked her to lie down on a bed and remove her shoes . +Then , by squeezing her foot three times , he came up -- presto -- with a different diagnosis with each squeeze . +She had -- he informed her -- kidney trouble , liver trouble , and a severe female disorder . +( He explained that he could diagnose these ailments from squeezing her foot because all of the nervous system was connected to it . +) He knew just the thing for her -- a treatment from his `` cosmic light ozone generator '' machine . +

+

As he applied the applicator extending from the machine -- which consisted of seven differently colored neon tubes superimposed on a rectangular base -- to the supposedly diseased portions of Mrs. Shaefer's body , Lee kept up a steady stream of pseudo-scientific mumbo-jumbo . +Yes , the ozone from his machine would cure practically everything , he assured her . +Did she know , he asked , why the colors of the tubes were important to people's health ? ? +The human body -- he pointed out , for example -- required 33 units of blue light . +For that reason , he informed her , the Lord made the sky blue . +Continuing glibly in this vein , he paused to comfort her : +

+

`` Don't you worry . +This machine will cure your cancer-ridden body '' . +

+

`` Cancer '' ! ! +Mrs. Shaefer practically shrieked . +`` You didn't tell me I had cancer '' . +

+

`` You have it , all right . +But as long as you can have treatment from my machine you have nothing to worry about . +Why , I once used this machine to cure a woman with 97 pounds of cancer in her body '' . +

+

He urged her to buy one of his machines -- for $300 . +When she said that she didn't have the money , he said that she could come in for treatment with his office model until she was ready to buy one . +He then sold her minerals to cure her kidney ailment , a can of sage `` to make her look like a girl again '' , and an application of plain mud to take her wrinkles away . +

+

Lee renewed his pressure on Mrs. Shaefer to buy his machine when she visited him the next day . +After another treatment with the machine , he told her that `` her entire body was shot through with tumors and cysts '' . +He then sold her some capsules that he asserted would take care of the tumors and cysts until she could collect the money for buying his machine . +

+

When she submitted to his treatment with the capsules , Mrs. Shaefer felt intense pain . +Leaving Lee's office , Mrs. Shaefer hurried over to her family physician , who treated her for burned tissue . +For several days , she was ill as a result of Lee's treatment . +

+

Mrs. Shaefer never got around to joining the thousand or so people who paid Lee some $30,000 for his ozone machines . +For Mrs. Shaefer -- who had been given a clean bill of health by her own physician at the time she visited Lee -- and her friend were agents for the California Pure Food and Drug Inspection Bureau . +And she felt amply rewarded for her suffering when the evidence of Lee's quack shenanigans , gathered by the tape recorder under her friend's clothing , proved adequate in court for convicting Franklin D. Lee . +The charge : violation of the California Medical Practices Act by practicing medicine without a license and selling misbranded drugs . +The sentence : 360 days' confinement in the county jail . +

+

An isolated case of quackery ? ? +By no means . +Rather , it is typical of the thousands of quacks who use phony therapeutic devices to fatten themselves on the miseries of hundreds of thousands of Americans by robbing them of millions of dollars and luring them away from legitimate , ethical medical treatment of serious diseases . +The machine quack makes his Rube Goldberg devices out of odds and ends of metals , wires , and radio parts . +

+

With these gadgets -- impressive to the gullible because of their flashing light bulbs , ticks , and buzzes -- he then carries out a vicious medical con game , capitalizing on people's respect for the electrical and atomic wonders of our scientific age . +He milks the latest scientific advances , translating them into his own special Buck Rogers vocabulary to huckster his fake machines as a cure-all for everything from hay fever to sexual impotence and cancer . +

+

The gadget faker operates or sells his phony machines for $5 to $10,000 -- anything the traffic will bear . +He may call himself a anaprapath , a physiotherapist , an electrotherapist , a naturopath , a sanipractor , a medical cultist , a masseur , a `` doctor '' -- or what have you . +Not only do these quacks assume impressive titles , but represent themselves as being associated with various scientific or impressive foundations -- foundations which often have little more than a letterhead existence . +

+

The medical device pirate of today , of course , is a far more sophisticated operator than his predecessor of yesteryear -- the gallus-snapping hawker of snake oil and other patent medicines . +His plunder is therefore far higher -- running into hundreds of millions . +

+

According to the Food And Drug Administration ( FDA ) , `` Doctor '' Ghadiali , Dr. Albert Abrams and his clique , and Dr. Wilhelm Reich -- to name three notorious device quacks -- succeeded , respectively , in distributing 10,000 , 5000 , and 2000 fake health machines . +

+

Authorities believe that many of the Doctor Frauds using these false health gadgets are still in business . +Look at the sums paid by two device quack victims in Cleveland . +Sarah Gross , a dress shop proprietor , paid $1020 to a masseur , and Mr. A. , a laborer , paid $4200 to a chiropractor for treatment with two fake health machines -- the `` radioclast '' and the `` diagnometer '' . +Multiply these figures by the millions of people known to be conned by medical pirates annually . +You will come up with a frightening total . +

+

That's why the FDA , the American Medical Association ( AMA ) , and the National Better Business Bureau ( BBB ) have estimated the toll of mechanical quackery to be a substantial portion of the $610 million or so paid to medical charlatans annually . +

+

The Postmaster General recently reported that mail order frauds -- among which fake therapeutic devices figure prominently -- are at the highest level in history . +Similarly , the American Cancer Society ( ACS ) , the Arthritis and Rheumatism Foundation , and the BBB have each stated lately that medical quackery is at a new high . +For example , the BBB has reported it was receiving four times as many inquiries about quack devices and 10 times as many complaints compared with two years ago . +

+

Authorities hesitate to quote exact figures , however , believing that any sum they come up with is only a surface manifestation -- turned up by their inevitably limited policing -- of the real loot of the medical racketeer . +In this sense , authorities believe that all estimates of phony device quackery are conservative . +

+

The economic toll that the device quack extracts is important , of course . +But it is our health -- more precious than all the money in the world -- that these modern witch doctors with their fake therapeutic gadgets are gambling away . +By preying on the sick , by playing callously on the hopes of the desperate , by causing the sufferer to delay proper medical care , these medical ghouls create pain and misery by their very activity . +

+

Typically , Sarah Gross and Mr. A both lost more than their money as the result of their experiences with their Cleveland quacks . +Sarah Gross found that the treatments given her for a nervous ailment by the masseur were not helping her . +As a result , she consulted medical authorities and learned that the devices her quack `` doctor '' was using were phony . +She suffered a nervous breakdown and had to be institutionalized . +

+

Mr. A. , her fellow townsman , also experienced a nervous breakdown just as soon as he discovered that he had been bilked of his life savings by the limited practitioner who had been treating his wife -- a woman suffering from an incurable disease , multiple sclerosis -- and himself . +Mr. A has recovered , but he is , justifiably , a bitter man . +`` That's a lot of hard-earned money to lose '' , he says today . +`` Neither me nor my wife were helped by that chiropractor's treatments '' . +

+

And there was the case of Tom Hepker , a machinist , who was referred by a friend to a health machine quack who treated him with a so-called diagnostic machine for what Doctor Fraud said was a system full of arsenic and strychnine . +After his pains got worse , Tom decided to see a real doctor , from whom he learned he was suffering from cancer of the lung . +Yes , Tom caught it in time to stay alive . +But he's a welfare case now -- a human wreck -- thanks to this modern witch doctor . +

+

But the machine quack can cause far more than just suffering . +In such diseases as cancer , tuberculosis , and heart disease , early diagnosis and treatment are so vital that the waste of time by the patient with Doctor Fraud's cure-all gadget can prove fatal . +Moreover , the diabetic patient who relies on cure by the quack device and therefore cuts off his insulin intake can be committing suicide . +For instance : +

+

In Chicago , some time ago , Mr. H. , age 27 , a diabetic since he was six , stopped using insulin because he had bought a `` magic spike '' -- a glass tube about the size of a pencil filled with barium chloride worth a small fraction of a cent -- sold by the Vrilium Company of Chicago for $306 as a cure-all . +`` Hang this around your neck or attach it to other parts of your anatomy , and its rays will cure any disease you have '' , said the company . +Mr. H. is dead today because he followed this advice . +

+

Doris Hull , suffering from tuberculosis , was taken by her husband to see Otis G. Carroll , a sanipractor -- a licensed drugless healer -- in Spokane . +Carroll diagnosed Mrs. Hull by taking a drop of blood from her ear and putting it on his `` radionic '' machine and twirling some knobs ( fee $50 ) . +

+

His prescription : hot and cold compresses to increase her absorption of water . +Although she weighed only 108 pounds when she visited him , Carroll permitted her to go on a 10-day fast in which she took nothing but water . +Inevitably , Mrs. Hull died of starvation and tuberculosis , weighing 60 pounds . +Moreover , her husband and child contracted T.B. from her . +( Small wonder a Spokane jury awarded the husband $35,823 for his wife's death . +

+

In California , a few years ago , a ghoul by the name of H. F. Bell sold electric blankets as a cure for cancer . +He did this by the charming practice of buying up used electric blankets for $5 to $10 from survivors of patients who had died , reconditioning them , and selling them at $185 each . +When authorities convicted him of practicing medicine without a license ( he got off with a suspended sentence of three years because of his advanced age of 77 ) , one of his victims was not around to testify : He was dead of cancer . +

+

By no means are these isolated cases . +`` Unfortunately '' , says Chief Postal Inspector David H. Stephens , who has prosecuted many device quacks , `` the ghouls who trade on the hopes of the desperately ill often cannot be successfully prosecuted because the patients who are the chief witnesses die before the case is called up in court '' . +

+

Death ! ! +Have no doubt about it . +That's where device quackery can lead . +The evidence shows that fake therapeutic machines , substituted for valid medical cures , have hastened the deaths of thousands . +

+

Who are the victims of the device quacks ? ? +Authorities say that oldsters are a prime target . +Says Wallace F. Jannsen , director of the FDA's Division of Public Information : `` Quacks are apt to direct their appeal directly to older people , or to sufferers from chronic ailments such as arthritis , rheumatism , diabetes , and cancer . +People who have not been able to get relief from regular medical doctors are especially apt to be taken in by quacks '' . +The victims of the quacks are frequently poor people , like Mr. A. , who scrape up their life savings to offer as a sacrifice to Doctor Fraud's avarice . +They are often ignorant as well as underprivileged . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f14.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f14.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..475fefae60ed3c8e9e3d886a60bd4768c288babd --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f14.xml @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +Sample F14 from Harold Rosenberg, "The Trial and Eichmann" + Commentary, 32:5 (November, 1961), 371-374 0010-1860 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,030 words 60 (3.0%) quotes 2 symbolsF14

Copyright 1961 by American Jewish Committee. Used by permission.

 Harold Rosenberg, "The Trial and Eichmann" + Commentary, 32:5 (November, 1961), 371-374 0010-1860 +

Arbitrary Hyphen: light-mindeness [0820]Typographical Errors: " a [1100]had began [1180-1190]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Everyone with a personal or group tragedy to relate had to be given his day in court as in some vast collective dirge . +For almost two months , the defendant and the world heard from individuals escaped from the grave about fathers and mothers , graybeards , adolescents , babies , starved , beaten to death , strangled , machine-gunned , gassed , burned . +One who had been a boy in Auschwitz had to tell how children had been selected by height for the gas chambers . +The gruesome humor of the Nazis was not forgotten -- the gas chamber with a sign on it with the name of a Jewish foundation and bearing a copper Star of David -- nor the gratuitous sadism of SS officers . +Public relations strategists everywhere , watching the reaction of the German press , the liberal press , the lunatic-fringe press , listening to their neighbors , studying interviews with men and women on the street , cried out : Too much , too much -- the mind of the audience is becoming dulled , the horrors are losing their effect . +And still another witness , one who had crawled out from under a heap of corpses , had to tell how the victims had been forced to lay themselves head to foot one on top of the other before being shot . +

+

Most of this testimony may have been legally admissible as bearing on the corpus delicti of the total Nazi crime but seemed subject to question when not tied to the part in it of the defendant's Department of Jewish Affairs . +Counsel for the defense , however , shrewdly allowing himself to be swept by the current of dreadful recollections , rarely raised an objection . +Would not the emotional catharsis eventually brought on by this awfulness have a calming , if not exhausting , effect likely to improve his client's chances ? ? +Those who feared `` emotionalism '' at the Trial showed less understanding than Dr. Servatius of the route by which man achieves the distance necessary for fairness toward enemies . +Interruptions came largely from the bench , which numerous times rebuked the Attorney General for letting his witnesses run on , though it , too , made no serious effort to choke off the flow . +

+

But there was a contrast even more decisive than a hunger for fact between the Trial in Jerusalem and those in Moscow and New York . +In each of the last , the trial marked the beginning of a new course : in Moscow the liquidation of the Old Bolsheviks and the tightening of Stalin's dictatorship ; ; +in the United States the initiation of militant anti-Communism , with the repentant ex-Communist in the vanguard . +These trials were properly termed `` political cases '' in that the trial itself was a political act producing political consequences . +But what could the Eichmann Trial initiate ? ? +Of what new course could it mark the beginning ? ? +The Eichmann case looked to the past , not to the future . +It was the conclusion of the first phase of a process of tragic recollection , and of refining the recollection , that will last as long as there are Jews . +As such , it was beyond politics and had no need of justification by a `` message '' . +

+

`` It is not an individual that is in the dock at this historical trial '' -- said Ben Gurion , `` and not the Nazi regime alone -- but anti-Semitism throughout history '' . +How could supplying Eichmann with a platform on which to maintain that one could collaborate in the murder of millions of Jews without being an anti-semite contribute to a verdict against anti-Semitism ? ? +And if it was not an individual who was in the dock , why was the Trial , as we shall observe later , all but scuttled in the attempt to prove Eichmann a `` fiend '' ? ? +These questions touch the root of confusion in the prosecution's case . +

+

It might be contended , of course , that Eichmann in stubbornly denying anti-Semitic feelings was lying or insisting on a private definition of anti-Semitism . +But in either event he was the wrong man for the kind of case outlined by Ben Gurion and set forth in the indictment . +In such a case the defendant should serve as a clear example and not have to be tied to the issue by argument . +One who could be linked to anti-Semitism only by overcoming his objections is scarcely a good specimen of the Jew-baiter throughout the ages . +Shout at Eichmann though he might , the Prosecutor could not establish that the defendant was falsifying the way he felt about Jews or that what he did feel fell into the generally recognized category of anti-Semitism . +Yes , he believed that the Jews were `` enemies of the Reich '' , and such a belief is , of course , typical of `` patriotic '' anti-Semites ; ; +but he believed in the Jew-as-enemy in a kind of abstract , theological way , like a member of a cult speculating on the nature of things . +The real question was how one passed from anti-Semitism of this sort to murder , and the answer to this question is not to be found in anti-Semitism itself . +In regard to Eichmann , it was to be found in the Nazi outlook , which contained a principle separate from and far worse than anti-Semitism , a principle by which the poison of anti-Semitism itself was made more virulent . +Perhaps under the guidance of this Nazi principle one could , as Eichmann declared , feel personally friendly toward the Jews and still be their murderer . +Not through fear of disobeying orders , as Eichmann kept trying to explain , but through a peculiar giddiness that began in a half-acceptance of the vicious absurdities contained in the Nazi interpretation of history and grew with each of Hitler's victories into a permanent light-mindedness and sense of magical rightness that was able to respond to any proposal , and the more outrageous the better , `` Well , let's try it '' . +At any rate , the substance of Eichmann's testimony was that all his actions flowed from his membership in the party and the SS , and though the Prosecutor did his utmost to prove actual personal hatred of Jews , his success on this score was doubtful and the anti-Semitic lesson weakened to that extent . +

+

But if the Trial did not expose the special Nazi mania so deadly to Jews as well as to anyone upon whom it happened to light , neither did it warn very effectively against the ordinary anti-Semitism of which the Nazis made such effective use in Germany and wherever else they could find it . +If anti-Semitism was on trial in Jerusalem , why was it not identified , and with enough emphasis to capture the notice of the world press , in its connection with the activities of Eichmann's Department of Jewish Affairs , as exemplified by the betrayal and murder of Jews by non-police and non-party anti-Semites in Germany , as well as in Poland , Czechoslovakia , Hungary ? ? +The infamous Wansee Conference called by Heydrich in January 1942 , to organize the material and technical means to put to death the eleven million Jews spread throughout the nations of Europe , was attended by representatives of major organs of the German state , including the Reich Minister of the Interior , the State Secretary in charge of the Four Year Plan , the Reich Minister of Justice , the Under Secretary of Foreign Affairs . +The measures for annihilation proposed and accepted at the Conference affected industry , transportation , civilian agencies of government . +Heydrich , in opening the Conference , followed the reasoning and even the phraseology of the order issued earlier by Goering which authorized the Final Solution as `` a complement to '' previous `` solutions '' for eliminating the Jews from German living space through violence , economic strangulation , forced emigration , and evacuation . +In other words , the promulgators of the murder plan made clear that physically exterminating the Jews was but an extension of the anti-Semitic measures already operating in every phase of German life , and that the new conspiracy counted on the general anti-Semitism that had made those measures effective , as a readiness for murder . +This , in fact , it turned out to be . +Since the magnitude of the plan made secrecy impossible , once the wheels had began to turn , persons controlling German industries , social institutions , and armed forces became , through their anti-Semitism or their tolerance of it , conscious accomplices of Hitler's crimes ; ; +whether in the last degree or a lesser one was a matter to be determined individually . +

+

What more could be asked for a Trial intended to warn the world against anti-Semitism than this opportunity to expose the exact link between the respectable Anti-Semite and the concentration-camp brute ? ? +Not in Eichmann's anti-Semitism but in the anti-Semitism of the sober German man of affairs lay the potential warning of the Trial . +No doubt many of the citizens of the Third Reich had conceived their anti-Semitism as an `` innocent '' dislike of Jews , as do others like them today . +The Final Solution proved that the Jew-baiter of any variety exposes himself as being implicated in the criminality and madness of others . +Ought not an edifying Trial have made every effort to demonstrate this once and for all by showing how representative types of `` mere '' anti-Semites were drawn step by step into the program of skull-bashings and gassings ? ? +The Prosecutor in his opening remarks did refer to `` the germ of anti-Semitism '' among the Germans which Hitler `` stimulated and transformed '' . +But if there was evidence at the Trial that aimed over Eichmann's head at his collaborators in the societies where he functioned , the press seems to have missed it . +

+

Nor did the Trial devote much attention to exposing the usefulness of anti-Semitism to the Nazis , both in building their own power and in destroying that of rival organizations and states . +Certainly , one of the best ways of warning the world against anti-Semitism is to demonstrate its workings as a dangerous weapon . +Eichmann himself is a model of how the myth of the enemy-Jew can be used to transform the ordinary man of present-day society into a menace to all his neighbors . +Do patriots everywhere know enough about how the persecution of the Jews in Germany and later in the occupied countries contributed to terrorizing the populations , splitting apart individuals and groups , arousing the meanest and most dishonest impulses , pulverizing trust and personal dignity , and finally forcing people to follow their masters into the abyss by making them partners in unspeakable crimes ? ? +The career of Eichmann made the Trial a potential showcase for anti-Semitic demoralization : fearful of being mistaken for a Jew , he seeks protection in his Nazi uniform ; ; +clinging to the enemy-Jew idea , he is forced to overcome habits of politeness and neighborliness ; ; +once in power he begins to give vent to a criminal opportunism that causes him to alternate between megalomania and envy of those above him . +`` Is this the type of citizen you desire '' ? ? +The Trial should have asked the nations . +But though this characterization in no way diminished Eichmann's guilt , the Prosecutor , more deeply involved in the tactics of a criminal case than a political one , would have none of it . +

+

Finally , if the mission of the Trial was to convict anti-Semitism , how could it have failed to post before the world the contrasting fates of the countries in which the Final Solution was aided by native Jew-haters -- i.e. , Germany , Poland , Hungary , Czechoslovakia -- and those in which it met the obstacle of human solidarity -- Denmark , Holland , Italy , Bulgaria , France ? ? +Should not everyone have been awakened to it as an outstanding fact of our time that the nations poisoned by anti-Semitism proved less fortunate in regard to their own freedom than those whose citizens saved their Jewish compatriots from the transports ? ? +Wasn't this meaning of Eichmann's experience in various countries worth highlighting ? ? +

+

As the first collective confrontation of the Nazi outrage , the Trial of Eichmann represents a recovery of the Jews from the shock of the death camps , a recovery that took fifteen years and which is still by no means complete ( though let no one believe that it could be hastened by silence ) . +Only across a distance of time could the epic accounting begin . +It is already difficult to recall how little we knew before the Trial of what had been done to the Jews of Europe . +It is not that the facts of the persecution were unavailable ; ; +most of the information elicited in Jerusalem had been brought to the surface by the numerous War Crimes tribunals and investigating commissions , and by reports , memoirs , and survivors' accounts . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f15.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f15.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..28fd5db3029d35c08e09bee253071333e6069f65 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f15.xml @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +Sample F15 from The Rev. John A. O'Brien, "Let's Take Birth Control Out of Politics," + Look Magazine, 25:21 (October 10, 1961), 67-70 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,007 words 236 (11.8%) quotes 1 symbolF15

Copyright 1961 by Cowles Magazines and Broadcasting, Inc.

 The Rev. John A. O'Brien, "Let's Take Birth Control Out of Politics," + Look Magazine, 25:21 (October 10, 1961), 67-70 +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

In Poughkeepsie , N.Y. , , in 1952 , a Roman Catholic hospital presented seven Protestant physicians with an ultimatum to quit the Planned Parenthood Federation or to resign from the hospital staff . +Three agreed , but four declined and were suspended . +After a flood of protests , they were reinstated at the beginning of 1953 . +The peace of the community was badly disturbed , and people across the nation , reading of the incident , felt uneasy . +

+

In New York City in 1958 , the city's Commissioner of Hospitals refused to permit a physician to provide a Protestant mother with a contraceptive device . +He thereby precipitated a bitter controversy involving Protestants , Jews and Roman Catholics that continued for two months , until the city's Board of Hospitals lifted the ban on birth-control therapy . +

+

A year later in Albany , N.Y. , a Roman Catholic hospital barred an orthopedic surgeon because of his connection with the Planned Parenthood Association . +Immediately , the religious groups of the city were embroiled in an angry dispute over the alleged invasion of a man's right to freedom of religious belief and conscience . +

+

These incidents , typical of many others , dramatize the distressing fact that no controversy during the last several decades has caused more tension , rancor and strife among religious groups in this country than the birth-control issue . +It has flared up periodically on the front pages of newspapers in communities divided over birth-prevention regulations in municipal hospitals and health and family-welfare agencies . +It has erupted on the national level in the matter of including birth-control information and material in foreign aid to underdeveloped countries . +Where it is not actually erupting , it rumbles and smolders in sullen resentment like a volcano , ready to explode at any moment . +

+

The time has come for citizens of all faiths to unite in an effort to remove this divisive and nettlesome issue from the political and social life of our nation . +

+

The first step toward the goal is the establishment of a new atmosphere of mutual good will and friendly communication on other than the polemical level . +Instead of emotional recrimination , loaded phrases and sloganeering , we need a dispassionate study of the facts , a better understanding of the opposite viewpoint and a more serious effort to extend the areas of agreement until a solution is reached . +

+

`` All too frequently '' , points out James O'Gara , managing editor of Commonweal , `` Catholics run roughshod over Protestant sensibilities in this matter , by failure to consider the reasoning behind the Protestant position and , particularly , by their jibes at the fact that Protestant opinion on birth control has changed in recent decades '' . +All too often our language is unduly harsh . +

+

The second step is to recognize the substantial agreement -- frequently blurred by emotionalism and inaccurate newspaper reporting -- already existing between Catholics and Non-Catholics concerning the over-all objectives of family planning . +Instead of Catholics' being obliged or even encouraged to beget the greatest possible number of offspring , as many Non-Catholics imagine , the ideal of responsible parenthood is stressed . +Family planning is encouraged , so that parents will be able to provide properly for their offspring . +

+

Pope Pius 12 , declared in 1951 that it is possible to be exempt from the normal obligation of parenthood for a long time and even for the whole duration of married life , if there are serious reasons , such as those often mentioned in the so-called medical , eugenic , economic and social `` indications '' . +This means that such factors as the health of the parents , particularly the mother , their ability to provide their children with the necessities of life , the degree of population density of a country and the shortage of housing facilities may legitimately be taken into consideration in determining the number of offspring . +

+

These are substantially the same factors considered by Non-Catholics in family planning . +The laws of many states permit birth control only for medical reasons . +The Roman Catholic Church , however , sanctions a much more liberal policy on family planning . +

+

Catholics , Protestants and Jews are in agreement over the objectives of family planning , but disagree over the methods to be used . +The Roman Catholic Church sanctions only abstention or the rhythm method , also known as the use of the infertile or safe period . +The Church considers this to be the method provided by nature and its divine Author : It involves no frustration of nature's laws , but simply an intelligent and disciplined use of them . +With the exception of the Roman Catholic and the Orthodox Catholic Churches , most churches make no moral distinction between rhythm and mechanical or chemical contraceptives , allowing the couple free choice . +

+

There is a difference in theological belief where there seems little chance of agreement . +The grounds for the Church's position are Scriptural ( Old Testament ) , the teachings of the fathers and doctors of the early Church , the unbroken tradition of nineteen centuries , the decisions of the highest ecclesiastical authority and the natural law . +The latter plays a prominent role in Roman Catholic theology and is considered decisive , entirely apart from Scripture , in determining the ethical character of birth-prevention methods . +

+

The Roman Catholic natural-law tradition regards as self-evident that the primary objective purpose of the conjugal act is procreation and that the fostering of the mutual love of the spouses is the secondary and subjective end . +This conclusion is based on two propositions : that man by the use of his reason can ascertain God's purpose in the universe and that God makes known His purpose by certain `` given '' physical arrangements . +

+

Thus , man can readily deduce that the primary objective end of the conjugal act is procreation , the propagation of the race . +Moreover , man may not supplant or frustrate the physical arrangements established by God , who through the law of rhythm has provided a natural method for the control of conception . +Believing that God is the Author of this law and of all laws of nature , Roman Catholics believe that they are obliged to obey those laws , not frustrate or mock them . +

+

Let it be granted then that the theological differences in this area between Protestants and Roman Catholics appear to be irreconcilable . +But people differ in their religious beliefs on scores of doctrines , without taking up arms against those who disagree with them . +Why is it so different in regard to birth control ? ? +It is because each side has sought to implement its distinctive theological belief through legislation and thus indirectly force its belief , or at least the practical consequences thereof , upon others . +

+

It is always a temptation for a religious organization , especially a powerful or dominant one , to impose through the clenched fist of the law its creedal viewpoint upon others . +Both Roman Catholics and Protestants have succumbed to this temptation in the past . +

+

Consider what happened during World War 1 , , when the Protestant churches united to push the Prohibition law through Congress . +Many of them sincerely believe that the use of liquor in any form or in any degree is intrinsically evil and sinful . +With over four million American men away at war , Protestants forced their distinctive theological belief upon the general public . +With the return of our soldiers , it soon became apparent that the belief was not shared by the great majority of citizens . +The attempt to enforce that belief ushered in a reign of bootleggers , racketeers , hijackers and gangsters that led to a breakdown of law unparalleled in our history . +The so-called `` noble experiment '' came to an inglorious end . +

+

That tumultuous , painful and costly experience shows clearly that a law expressing a moral judgment cannot be enforced when it has little correspondence with the general view of society . +That experience holds a lesson for us all in regard to birth control today . +

+

Up to the turn of the century , contraception was condemned by all Christian churches as immoral , unnatural and contrary to divine law . +This was generally reflected in the civil laws of Christian countries . +Today , the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches stand virtually alone in holding that conviction . +The various Lambeth Conferences , expressing the Anglican viewpoint , mirror the gradual change that has taken place among Protestants generally . +

+

In 1920 , the Lambeth Conference repeated its 1908 condemnation of contraception and issued `` an emphatic warning against the use of unnatural means for the avoidance of conception , together with the grave dangers -- physical , moral , and religious -- thereby incurred , and against the evils which the extension of such use threaten the race '' . +Denouncing the view that the sexual union is an end in itself , the Conference declared : `` We steadfastly uphold what must always be regarded as the governing considerations of Christian marriage . +One is the primary purpose for which marriage exists , namely , the continuance of the race through the gift and heritage of children ; ; +the other is the paramount importance in married life of deliberate and thoughtful self-control '' . +The Conference called for a vigorous campaign against the open or secret sale of contraceptives . +

+

In 1930 , the Lambeth Conference again affirmed the primary purpose of marriage to be the procreation of children , but conceded that , in certain limited circumstances , contraception might be morally legitimate . +

+

In 1958 , the Conference endorsed birth control as the responsibility laid by God on parents everywhere . +

+

Many other Protestant denominations preceded the Anglicans in such action . +In March , 1931 , 22 out of 28 members of a committee of the Federal Council of Churches ratified artificial methods of birth control . +`` As to the necessity '' , the committee declared , `` for some form of effective control of the size of the family and the spacing of children , and consequently of control of conception , there can be no question . +There is general agreement also that sex union between husbands and wives as an expression of mutual affection without relation to procreation is right '' . +

+

Since then , many Protestant denominations have made separate pronouncements , in which they not only approved birth control , but declared it at times to be a religious duty . +What determines the morality , they state , is not the means used , but the motive In general , the means ( excluding abortion ) that prove most effective are considered the most ethical . +

+

This development is reflected in the action taken in February , 1961 , by the general board of the National Council of Churches , the largest Protestant organization in the Aj . +The board approved and commended the use of birth-control devices as a part of Christian responsibility in family planning . +It called for opposition to laws and institutional practices restricting the information or availability of contraceptives . +

+

The general board declared : `` Most of the Protestant churches hold contraception and periodic continence to be morally right when the motives are right . +The general Protestant conviction is that motives , rather than methods , form the primary moral issue , provided the methods are limited to the prevention of conception '' . +

+

An action once universally condemned by all Christian churches and forbidden by the civil law is now not only approved by the overwhelming majority of Protestant denominations , but also deemed , at certain times , to be a positive religious duty . +This viewpoint has now been translated into action by the majority of people in this country . +Repeated polls have disclosed that most married couples are now using contraceptives in the practice of birth control . +

+

For all concerned with social-welfare legislation , the significance of this radical and revolutionary change in the thought and habits of the vast majority of the American people is clear , profound and far-reaching . +To try to oppose the general religious and moral conviction of such a majority by a legislative fiat would be to invite the same breakdown of law and order that was occasioned by the ill-starred Prohibition experiment . +

+

This brings us to the fact that the realities we are dealing with lie not in the field of civil legislation , but in the realm of conscience and religion : They are moral judgments and matters of theological belief . +Conscience and religion are concerned with private sin : The civil law is concerned with public crimes . +Only confusion , failure and anarchy result when the effort is made to impose upon the civil authority the impossible task of policing private homes to preclude the possibility of sin . +Among the chief victims of such an ill-conceived imposition would be religion itself . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f16.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f16.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..caedf39e4efc746e6b3483c98a3c43d9c3b0d5ea --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f16.xml @@ -0,0 +1,161 @@ +Sample F16 from James Boylan, "Mutinity" + Real, 14:2 (December, 1961), 17-18,59-60 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,002 words 32 (1.6%) quotesF16

Used by permission0010-1770

 James Boylan, "Mutinity" + Real, 14:2 (December, 1961), 17-18,59-60 +

Note: Sevententh Century spellings within quotations

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

On April 17 , 1610 , the sturdy little three-masted bark , Discovery , weighed anchor in St. Katherine's Pool , London , and floated down the Thames toward the sea . +She carried , besides her captain , a crew of twenty-one and provisions for a voyage of exploration of the Arctic waters of North America . +

+

Seventeen months later , on September 6 , 1611 , an Irish fishing boat sighted the Discovery limping eastward outside Galway Bay . +When she reached port , she was found to have on board only eight men , all near starvation . +The captain was gone , and the mate was gone . +The man who now commanded her had started the voyage as an ordinary seaman . +

+

What disaster struck the Discovery during those seventeen months ? ? +What happened to the fourteen missing men ? ? +These questions have remained one of the great sea mysteries of all time . +For hundreds of years , the evidence available consisted of ( 1 ) the captain's fragmentary journal , ( 2 ) a highly prejudiced account by one of the survivors , ( 3 ) a note found in a dead man's desk on board , and ( 4 ) several second-hand reports . +All told , they offered a highly confused picture . +

+

But since 1927 , researchers digging into ancient court records and legal files have been able to find illuminating pieces of information . +Not enough to do away with all doubts , but sufficient to give a fairly accurate picture of the events of the voyage . +

+

Historians have had two reasons for persisting so long in their investigations . +First , they wanted to clarify a tantalizing , bizarre enigma . +Second , they believed it important to determine the fate of the captain -- a man whose name is permanently stamped on our maps , on American towns and counties , on a great American river , and on half a million square miles of Arctic seas . +

+

The name : Henry Hudson . +

+

This is the story of his last tragic voyage , as nearly as we are able -- or ever , probably , will be able -- to determine : +

+

The sailing in the spring of 1610 was Hudson's fourth in four years . +Each time his objective had been the same -- a direct water passage from Western Europe to the Far East . +In 1607 and 1608 , the English Muscovy Company had sent him northward to look for a route over the North Pole or across the top of Russia . +Twice he had failed , and the Muscovy Company indicated it would not back him again . +

+

In 1609 , the Dutch East India Company hired Hudson , gave him two learned geographers , fitted him out with a ship called the Half Moon , and supplied him with Dutch sailors . +This time he turned westward , to the middle Atlantic coast of North America . +His chief discovery was important -- the Great North ( later , the Hudson ) River -- but it produced no northwest passage . +

+

When the Half Moon put in at Dartmouth , England , in the fall of 1609 , word of Hudson's findings leaked out , and English interest in him revived . +The government forbade Hudson to return to Amsterdam with his ship . +He thereupon went to London and spent the winter talking to men of wealth . +By springtime , he was supported by a rich merchant syndicate under the patronage of Henry , Prince of Wales . +He had obtained and provisioned a veteran ship called the Discovery and had recruited a crew of twenty-one , the largest he had ever commanded . +

+

The purpose of this fourth voyage was clear . +A century of exploration had established that a great land mass , North and South America , lay between Europe and the Indies . +One by one , the openings in the coast that promised a passage through had been explored and discarded . +In fact , Hudson's sail up the Great North River had disposed of one of the last hopes . +

+

But there remained one mysterious , unexplored gap , far to the north . +Nearly twenty-five years before , Captain John Davis had noted , as he sailed near the Arctic Circle , `` a very great gulf , the water whirling and roaring , as it were the meeting of tides '' . +He named this opening , between Baffin Island and Labrador , the `` Furious Overfall '' . +( Later , it was to be called Hudson Strait . +

+

In 1602 , George Waymouth , in the same little Discovery that Hudson now commanded , had sailed 300 miles up the strait before his frightened men turned the ship back . +Hudson now proposed to sail all the way through and test the seas beyond for the long-sought waterway . +

+

Even Hudson , experienced in Arctic sailing and determined as he was , must have had qualms as he slid down the Thames . +Ahead were perilous , ice-filled waters . +On previous voyages , it had been in precisely such dangerous situations that he had failed as a leader and captain . +On the second voyage , he had turned back at the frozen island of Novaya Zemlya and meekly given the crew a certificate stating that he did so of his own free will -- which was obviously not the case . +On the third voyage , a near-mutiny rising from a quarrel between Dutch and English crew members on the Half Moon had almost forced him to head the ship back to Amsterdam in Mid-Atlantic . +

+

Worse , his present crew included five men who had sailed with him before . +Of only one could he be sure -- young John Hudson , his second son . +The mate , Robert Juet , who had kept the journal on the Half Moon , was experienced -- but he was a bitter old man , ready to complain or desert at any opportunity . +Philip Staffe , the ship's carpenter , was a good worker , but perversely independent . +Arnold Lodley and Michael Perse were like the rest -- lukewarm , ready to swing against Hudson in a crisis . +

+

But men willing to sail at all into waters where wooden ships could be crushed like eggs were hard to find . +Hudson knew he had to use these men as long as he remained an explorer . +And he refused to be anything else . +

+

It is believed that Hudson was related to other seafaring men of the Muscovy Company and was trained on company ships . +He was a Londoner , married , with three sons . +( The common misconception that he was Dutch and that his first name was Hendrik stem from Dutch documents of his third voyage . +) In 1610 , Hudson was probably in his early forties , a good navigator , a stubborn voyager , but otherwise fatally unsuited to his chosen profession . +

+

Hudson's first error of the fourth voyage occurred only a few miles down the Thames . +There at the river's edge waited one Henry Greene , whom Hudson listed as a `` clerk '' . +Greene was in actuality a young ruffian from Kent , who had broken with his parents in order to keep the company he preferred -- pimps , panders and whores . +He was not the sort of sailor Hudson wanted his backers to see on board and he had Greene wait at Gravesend , where the Discovery picked him up . +

+

For the first three weeks , the ship skirted up the east coast of Great Britain , then turned westward . +On May 11 , she reached Iceland . +Poor winds and fog locked her up in a harbor the crew called `` Lousie Bay '' . +The subsequent two-weeks wait made the crew quarrelsome . +With Hudson looking on , his protege Greene picked a fight with the ship's surgeon , Edward Wilson . +The issue was settled on shore , Greene winning and Wilson remaining ashore , determined to catch the next fishing boat back to England . +With difficulty , Hudson persuaded him to rejoin the ship , and they sailed from Iceland . +

+

Early in June , the Discovery passed `` Desolation '' ( southern Greenland ) and in mid-June entered the `` Furious Overfall '' . +Floating ice bore down from the north and west . +Fog hung over the route constantly . +Turbulent tides rose as much as fifty feet . +The ship's compass was useless because of the nearness of the magnetic North Pole . +

+

As the bergs grew larger , Hudson was forced to turn south into what is now Ungava Bay , an inlet of the Great Strait . +After finding that its coasts led nowhere , however , he turned north again , toward the main , ice-filled passageway -- and the crew , at first uneasy , then frightened , rebelled . +

+

The trouble was at least partly Juet's doing . +For weeks he had been saying that Hudson's idea of sailing through to Java was absurd . +The great , crushing ice masses coming into view made him sound like the voice of pure reason . +A group of sailors announced to Hudson that they would sail no farther . +

+

Instead of quelling the dissension , as many captains of the era would have done ( Sir Francis Drake lopped a man's head off under similar circumstances ) , Hudson decided to be reasonable . +He went to his cabin and emerged carrying a large chart , which he set up in view of the crew . +Patiently , he explained what he knew about their course and their objectives . +

+

When Hudson had finished , the `` town meeting '' broke down into a general , wordy argument . +One man remarked that if he had a hundred pounds , he would give ninety of them to be back in England . +Up spoke carpenter Staffe , who said he wouldn't give ten pounds to be home . +The statement was effective . +The meeting broke up . +Hudson was free to sail on . +

+

All through July the Discovery picked her way along the 450-mile-long strait , avoiding ice and rocky islands . +On August 3 , two massive headlands reared out of the mists -- great gateways never before , so far as Hudson knew , seen by Europeans . +To starboard was a cape a thousand feet high , patched with ice and snow , populated by thousands of screaming sea birds . +To port was a point 200 feet high rising behind to a precipice of 2,000 feet . +Hudson named the capes Digges and Wolstenholme , for two of his backers . +

+

Hudson pointed the Discovery down the east coast of the newly discovered sea ( now called Hudson Bay ) , confident he was on his way to the warm waters of the Pacific . +After three weeks' swift sailing , however , the ship entered an area of shallow marshes and river deltas . +The ship halted . +The great `` sea to the westwards '' was a dead end . +

+

This must have been Hudson's blackest discovery . +For he seemed to sense at once that before him was no South Sea , but the solid bulk of the North American continent . +This was the bitter end , and Hudson seemed to know he was destined to failure . +

+

Feverishly , he tried to brush away this intuition . +North and south , east and west , back and forth he sailed in the land-locked bay , plowing furiously forward until land appeared , then turning to repeat the process , day after day , week after week . +Hundreds of miles to the north , the route back to England through the `` Furious Overfall '' was again filling with ice . +

+

The men were at first puzzled , then angered by the aimless tacking . +Once more , Juet's complaints were the loudest . +Hudson's reply was to accuse the mate of disloyalty . +Juet demanded that Hudson prove his charges in an open trial . +

+

The trial was held September 10 . +Hudson , presiding , heard Juet's defense , then called for testimony from crew members . +Juet had made plentiful enemies , several men stepped forward . +Hands on Bible , seaman Lodley and carpenter Staffe swore that Juet had tried to persuade them to keep muskets and swords in their cabins . +Cook Bennett Mathues said Juet had predicted bloodshed on the ship . +Others added that Juet had wanted to turn the ship homeward . +

+

Hudson deposed Juet and cut his pay . +The new mate was Robert Bylot , talented but inexperienced . +There were other shifts and pay cuts according to the way individuals had conducted themselves . +The important result , however , was that Juet and Francis Clemens , the deposed boatswain , became Hudson's sworn enemies . +

+

As Hudson resumed his desperate criss-crossing of the little bay , every incident lessened the crew's respect for him . +Once , after the Discovery lay for a week in rough weather , Hudson ordered the anchor raised before the sea had calmed . +Just as it was being hauled inboard , a sea hit the ship . +Michael Butt and Adame Moore were thrown off the capstan and badly injured . +The anchor cable would have been lost overboard , but Philip Staffe was on hand to sever it with his axe . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f18.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f18.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c5dd33bee5f03f9f4a65256e0232ffb666bd4ed --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f18.xml @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +Sample F18 from Bell I. Wiley, "Home Letters of Johnny Reb and Billy Yank," + The Centennial Review, V (1961), 56-61 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,042 words 1022 (50.0%) quotesF18

Used by permission of0010-1760

 Bell I. Wiley, "Home Letters of Johnny Reb and Billy Yank," + The Centennial Review, V (1961), 56-61 +

Arbitrary Hyphen: cross-writing [0690]Typographical Error: extra " [0380]Note: illiterate spelling in quotations

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The letters of the common soldiers are rich in humor . +Indeed , no richer humor is to be found in the whole of American literature than in the letters of the semi-literate men who wore the blue and the gray . +Some of their figures of speech were colorful and expressive . +A Confederate observed that the Yankees were : `` thicker than lise on a hen and a dam site ornraier '' . +Another reported that his comrades were `` in fine spirits pitching around like a blind dog in a meat house '' . +A third wrote that it was `` raining like poring peas on a rawhide '' . +Yanks were equally adept at figurative expression . +One wrote : `` ( I am so hungry ) I could eat a rider off his horse & snap at the stirups '' . +A second reported that the dilapidated houses in Virginia `` look like the latter end of original sin and hard times '' . +A third remarked of slowness of Southerners : `` they moved about from corner to corner , as uneasy as a litter of hungry leaches on the neck of a wooden god '' . +Still another , annoyed by the brevity of a recently received missive , wrote : `` yore letter was short and sweet , jist like a roasted maget '' . +A Yankee sergeant gave the following description of his sweetheart : `` my girl is none of your one-horse girls . +She is a regular stub and twister , double geered . +She is well-educated and refined , all wildcat and fur , and Union from the muzzle to the crupper '' . +Humor found many modes of expression . +A Texan wrote to a male companion at home : `` what has become of Halda and Laura ? ? +When you see them again give them my love -- not best respects now , but love by God '' . +William R. Stillwell , an admirable Georgian whose delightful correspondence is preserved in the Georgia Department of Archives and History , liked to tease his wife in his letters . +After he had been away from home about a year he wrote : `` ( dear Wife ) if I did not write and receive letters from you I believe that I would forgit that I was married . +I don't feel much like a maryed man but I never forgit it sofar as to court enny other lady but if I should you must forgive me as I am so forgitful '' . +A Yank , disturbed by his increasing corpulence , wrote : `` I am growing so fat I am a burden 2 myself '' . +Another Yank parodied the familiar bedtime prayer : `` now I lay me down to sleep , the gray-backs o'er my body creep ; ; +if they should bite before I wake , I pray the Lord their jaws to break '' . +Charles Thiot , a splendid Georgia soldier , differed from most of his comrades in the ranks in that he was the owner of a large plantation , well-educated , and nearly fifty years of age . +But he was very much like his associates in his hatred of camp routine . +Near the end of his service he wrote that when the war was over he was going to buy two pups , name one of them `` Fall-in '' and the other `` Close-up '' , and then shoot them both , `` and that will be the end of Fall-in and Close-up '' . +The soldiers who comprised the rank and file of the Civil War armies were an earthy people . +They talked and wrote much about the elemental functions of the body . +One of the most common of camp maladies was diarrhoea . +Men of more delicate sensibilities referred to this condition as `` looseness of the bowels '' ; ; +but a much more common designation was `` the sh-ts '' . +A Michigan soldier stationed in Georgia wrote in 1864 : : +`` I expect to be tough as a knott as soon as I get over the Georgia Shitts '' . +Johnny Rebs from the deep South who were plagued with diarrhoea after transfer to the Virginia front often informed their families that they were suffering from the `` the Virginia quickstep '' . +A Georgia soldier gave his wife the following description of the cause and consequence of diarrhoea : `` I have bin a little sick with diorah two or three days . +I eat too much eggs and poark . +It sowered ( on ) my stomack and turn loose on me '' . +A Michigan soldier wrote his brother : `` I am well at present with the exception I have got the Dyerear and I hope thease few lines find you the same '' . +The letters which poured forth from camps were usually written under adverse circumstances . +Save for brief periods in garrison or winter quarters , soldiers rarely enjoyed the luxury of a writing desk or table . +Most of the letters were written in the hubbub of camp , on stumps , pieces of bark , drum heads , or the knee . +In the South , after the first year of the war , paper and ink were very poor . +Scarcity of paper caused many Southerners to adopt the practice of cross-writing , i.e. , after writing from left to right of the page in the usual manner , they gave the sheet a half turn and wrote from end to end across the lines previously written . +Sometimes soldiers wrote letters while bullets were whizzing about their heads . +A Yank writing from Vicksburg , May 28 , 1863 , stated : `` not less than 50 balls have passed over me since I commenced writing . +I could tell you of plenty narrow escapes , but we take no notice of them now '' . +A Reb stationed near Petersburg informed his mother : `` I need not tell you that I dodge pretty often for you can see that very plainly by the blots in this letter . +Just count each blot a dodge and add in a few for I don't dodge every time '' . +Another Reb writing under similar circumstances before Atlanta reported : `` the Yankees keep shooting so I am afraid they will knock over my ink , so I will close '' . +

+

3 , +the most common type of letter was that of soldier husbands to their wives . +But fathers often addressed communications to their small children ; ; +and these , full of homely advice , are among the most human and revealing of Civil War letters . +Rebs who owned slaves occasionally would include in their letters admonitions or greetings to members of the Negro community . +Occasionally they would write to the slaves . +Early in the war it was not uncommon for planters' sons to retain in camp Negro `` body servants '' to perform the menial chores such as cooking , foraging , cleaning the quarters , shining shoes , and laundering clothes . +Sometimes these servants wrote or dictated for enclosure with the letters of their soldier-masters messages to their relatives and to members of their owners' families . +Unmarried soldiers carried on correspondence with sweethearts at home . +Owing to the restrained usages characteristic of 19th-century America , these letters usually were stereotyped and revealed little depth of feeling . +Occasionally gay young blades would write vividly to boon companions at home about their amorous exploits in Richmond , Petersburg , Washington , or Nashville . +But these comments are hardly printable . +An Alabama soldier whose feminine associations were of the more admirable type wrote boastfully of his achievements among the Virginia belles : `` they thout I was a saint . +I told them some sweet lies and they believed it all . +I would tell them I got a letter from home stating that five of my Negroes had runaway and ten of Pappy's . +But I wold say I recond he did not mind it for he had a plenty more left and then they would lean to me like a sore eyd kitten to a basin of milk '' . +Some of the letters were pungently expressive . +An Ohio soldier who , from a comrade just returned from leave , received an unfavorable comment on the conduct of his sister , took pen in hand and delivered himself thus : `` dear Sis . +Alf sed he heard that you and Hardy was a runing together all the time and he though he wod gust quit having any thing mor to doo with you for he thought it was no more yuse . +I think you made a dam good chouise to turn off as nise a feler as Alf Dyer and let that orney thefin , drunkard , damed card playing sun of a bich com to sea you , the god damed theaf and lop yeard pigen tode helion , he is too orney for hel . +I will shute him as shore as I sea him '' . +

+

Initiation into combat sometimes elicited from soldier correspondents choice comments about their experiences and reactions . +A Federal infantryman wrote to his father shortly after his first skirmish in Virginia : `` dear Pa . +Went out a skouting yesterday . +We got to one house where there were five secessionists . +They brok & run and Arch holored out to shoot the ornery suns of biches and we all let go at them . +Thay may say what they please but godamit Pa it is fun '' . +

+

Some of the choicest remarks made by soldiers in their letters were in disparagement of unpopular officers . +A Mississippi soldier wrote : `` our General Reub Davis is a vain , stuck-up , illiterate ass '' . +An Alabamian wrote : `` Col. Henry is ( an ignoramus ) fit for nothing higher than the cultivation of corn '' . +A Floridian stated that his officers were `` not fit to tote guts to a bear '' . +On December 9 , 1862 , Sergeant Edwin H. Fay , an unusual Louisianan who held A.B. and M.A. degrees from Harvard University and who before the war was headmaster of a private school for boys in Louisiana , wrote his wife : `` I saw Pemberton and he is the most insignificant puke I ever saw . +His head cannot contain enough sense to command a regiment , much less a corps . +Jackson runs first and his Cavalry are well drilled to follow their leader . +He is not worth shucks . +But he is a West Point graduate and therefore must be born to command '' . +

+

Similar comments about officers are to be found in the letters of Northern soldiers . +A Massachusetts soldier , who seems to have been a Civil War version of Bill Mauldin , wrote : `` the officers consider themselves as made of a different material from the low fellows in the ranks . +They get all the glory and most of the pay and don't earn ten cents apiece on the average , the drunken rascals '' . +Private George Gray Hunter of Pennsylvania wrote : `` I am well convinced in my own mind that had it not been for officers this war would have ended long ago '' . +Another Yankee became so disgusted as to state : `` I wish to God one half of our officers were knocked in the head by slinging them against ( the other half ) '' . +

+

No group of officers came in for more spirited denunciation than the doctors . +One Federal soldier wrote : `` the docters is no aconte -- hell will be filde with do(c)ters and offersey when this war is over '' . +Shortly after the beginning of Sherman's Georgia campaign , an ailing Yank wrote his homefolk : `` the surgeon insisted on sending me to the hospital for treatment . +I insisted on takeing the field and prevailed -- thinking that I had better die by rebel bullets than ( by ) Union quackery '' . +

+

The attitudes which the Rebs and Yanks took toward each other were very much the same and ranged over the same gamut of feeling , from friendliness to extreme hatred . +The Rebs were , to a Massachusetts corporal , `` fighting madmen or not men at all but whiskey & gunpowder put into a human frame '' . +A Pennsylvania soldier wrote that `` they were the hardest looking set of men that ever I saw . +They looked as if they had been fed on vinegar and shavings . +'' Private Jenkins Lloyd Jones of the Wisconsin Light Artillery wrote in his diary : `` I strolled among the Alabamans on the right , found some of the greenest specimens of humanity I think in the universe , their ignorance being little less than the slave they despise with as imperfect a dialect . +They recooned as how you'uns all would be a heap wus to we'uns all ' '' . +In a similar vein , but writing from the opposite side , Thomas Taylor , a private in the 6th Alabama Volunteers , in a letter to his wife , stated : `` you know that my heart is with you but I never could have been satisfied to have staid at home when my country is invaded by a thievin foe , by a set of cowardly skunks whose motto is Booty . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f19.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f19.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..70009638a059e59d4229af072f1cd538fe6082fc --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f19.xml @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +Sample F19 from Tristram P. Coffin, "Folklore in the American Twentieth Century," + American Quarterly, 13:4 (Winter, 1961), 526-530 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,069 words 20 (1.0%) quotesF19

Used by permission0010-1890

 Tristram P. Coffin, "Folklore in the American Twentieth Century," + American Quarterly, 13:4 (Winter, 1961), 526-530 +

Typographical Error: progandist [1310] publically [1780]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The popularity of folklore in America stands in direct proportion to the popularity of nationalism in America . +And the emphasis on nationalism in America is in proportion to the growth of American influence across the world . +Thus , if we are to observe American folklore in the twentieth century , we will do well to establish the relationships between folklore , nationalism and imperialism at the outset . +

+

Historians have come to recognize two cardinal facts concerning nationalism and international influence . +1 ) Every age rewrites the events of its history in terms of what should have been , creating legends about itself that rationalize contemporary beliefs and excuse contemporary actions . +What actually occurred in the past is seldom as important as what a given generation feels must have occurred . +2 ) As a country superimposes its cultural and political attitudes on others , it searches its heritage in hopes of justifying its aggressiveness . +Its folklore and legend , usually disguised as history , are allowed to account for group actions , to provide a focal point for group loyalty , and to become a cohesive force for national identification . +

+

One can apply these facts to Britain in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as she spread her dominion over palm and pine , and they can be applied again to the United States in more recent years . +The popularity of local color literature before the Spanish-American War , the steady currency of the Lincoln myth , the increased emphasis on the frontier West in our mass media are cases in point . +Nor is it an accident that baseball , growing into the national game in the last 75 years , has become a microcosm of American life , that learned societies such as the American Folklore Society and the American Historical Association were founded in the 1880s , or that courses in American literature , American civilization , American anything have swept our school and college curricula . +

+

Of course , nationalism has really outlived its usefulness in a country as world-oriented as ours , and its continued existence reflects one of the major culture lags of the twentieth-century United States . +Yet nationalism has lost few of its charms for the historian , writer or man in the street . +It is an understandable paradox that most American history and most American literature is today written from an essentially egocentric and isolationistic point of view at the very time America is spreading her dominion over palm and pine . +After all , the average American as he lies and waits for the enemy in Korea or as she scans the newspaper in some vain hope of personal contact with the front is unconcerned that his or her plight is the result of a complex of personal , economic and governmental actions far beyond the normal citizen's comprehension and control . +Anyone's identification with an international struggle , whether warlike or peaceful , requires absurd oversimplification and intense emotional involvement . +Such identification comes for each group in each crisis by rewriting history into legend and developing appropriate national heroes . +

+

In America , such self-deception has served a particularly useful purpose . +A heterogeneous people have needed it to attain an element of cultural and political cohesion in a new and ever-changing land . +But we must never forget , most of the appropriate heroes and their legends were created overnight , to answer immediate needs , almost always with conscious aims and ends . +Parson Weems's George Washington became the symbol of honesty and the father image of the uniting States . +Abraham Lincoln emerged as an incarnation of the national Constitution . +Robert E. Lee represented the dignity needed by a rebelling confederacy . +And their roles are paralleled by those of Patrick Henry , Nathan Hale , Andrew Jackson , Davy Crockett , Theodore Roosevelt and many , many more . +

+

Therefore , the scholar , as he looks at our national folklore of the last 60 years , will be mindful of two facts . +1 ) Most of the legends that are created to fan the fires of patriotism are essentially propagandistic and are not folk legends at all . +2 ) The concept that an `` American national folklore '' exists is itself probably another propagandistic legend . +

+

Folklore is individually created art that a homogeneous group of people preserve , vary and recreate through oral transmission . +It has come to mean myths , legends , tales , songs , proverbs , riddles , superstitions , rhymes and such literary forms of expression . +Related to written literature , and often remaining temporarily frozen in written form , it loses its vitality when transcribed or removed from its oral existence . +Though it may exist in either literate or illiterate societies , it assumes a role of true cultural importance only in the latter . +

+

In its propagandistic and commercial haste to discover our folk heritage , the public has remained ignorant of definitions such as this . +Enthusiastically , Americans have swept subliterary and bogus materials like Paul Bunyan tales , Abe Lincoln anecdotes and labor union songs up as true products of our American oral tradition . +Nor have we remembered that in the melting pot of America the hundreds of isolated and semi-isolated ethnic , regional and occupational groups did not fuse into a homogeneous national unit until long after education and industrialization had caused them to cast oral tradition aside as a means of carrying culturally significant material . +

+

Naturally , such scholarly facts are of little concern to the man trying to make money or fan patriotism by means of folklore . +That much of what he calls folklore is the result of beliefs carefully sown among the people with the conscious aim of producing a desired mass emotional reaction to a particular situation or set of situations is irrelevant . +As long as his material is Americana , can in some way be ascribed to the masses and appears `` democratic '' to his audience , he remains satisfied . +

+

From all this we can now see that two streams of development run through the history of twentieth-century American folklore . +On the one side we have the university professors and their students , trained in Teutonic methods of research , who have sought out , collected and studied the true products of the oral traditions of the ethnic , regional and occupational groups that make up this nation . +On the other we have the flag-wavers and the national sentimentalists who have been willing to use any patriotic , `` frontier western '' or colonial material willy-nilly . +Unfortunately , few of the artists ( writers , movie producers , dramatists and musicians ) who have used American folklore since 1900 have known enough to distinguish between the two streams even in the most general of ways . +After all , the field is large , difficult to define and seldom taught properly to American undergraduates . +In addition , this country has been settled by many peoples of many heritages and their lore has become acculturated slowly , in an age of print and easy communication , within an ever-expanding and changing society . +The problems confuse even the experts . +

+

For that matter , the experts themselves are a mixed breed . +Anthropologists , housewives , historians and such by profession , they approach their discipline as amateurs , collectors , commercial propagandists , analysts or some combination of the four . +They have widely varying backgrounds and aims . +They have little `` esprit de corps '' . +

+

The outlook for the amateur , for instance , is usually dependent on his fondness for local history or for the picturesque . +His love of folklore has romanticism in it , and he doesn't care much about the dollar-sign or the footnote . +Folklore is his hobby , and he , all too rightly , wishes it to remain as such . +The amateur is closely related to the collector , who is actually no more than the amateur who has taken to the field . +The collector enjoys the contact with rural life ; ; +he hunts folklore for the very `` field and stream '' reasons that many persons hunt game ; ; +and only rarely is he acutely concerned with the meaning of what he has located . +Fundamentally , both these types , the amateur and the collector , are uncritical and many of them don't distinguish well between real folklore and bogus material . +

+

But there are also the commercial propagandists and the analysts -- one dominated by money , the other by nineteenth-century German scholarship . +Both are primarily concerned with the uses that can be made of the material that the collector has found . +Both shudder at the thought of proceeding too far beyond the sewage system and the electric light lines . +The commercial propagandist , who can't afford to be critical , gets along well with the amateur , from whom he feeds , but he frequently steps on the analyst's toes by refusing to keep his material genuine . +His standards are , of course , completely foreign to those of the analyst . +To both the amateur and the commercial progandist the analyst lacks a soul , lacks appreciation with his endless probings and classifications . +Dominated by the vicious circle of the university promotion system , the analyst looks down on and gets along poorly with the other three groups , although he cannot deny his debt to the collector . +

+

The knowledge that most Americans have of folklore comes through contact with commercial propagandists and a few energetic amateurs and collectors . +The work done by the analysts , the men who really know what folklore is all about , has no more appeal than any other work of a truly scientific sort and reaches a limited , learned audience . +Publishers want books that will sell , recording studios want discs that will not seem strange to ears used to hillbilly and jazz music , grade and high schools want quaint , but moral , material . +The analyst is apt to be too honest to fit in . +As a result , most people don't have more than a vague idea what folklore actually is ; ; +they see it as a potpourri of charming , moral legends and patriotic anecdotes , with a superstition or remedy thrown in here and there . +And so well is such ignorance preserved by the amateur and the money-maker that even at the college level most of the hundred-odd folklore courses given in the United States survive on sentiment and nationalism alone . +

+

If one wishes to discuss a literary figure who uses folklore in his work , the first thing he must realize is that the literary figure is probably part of this ignorant American public . +And while every writer must be dealt with as a special case , the interested student will want to ask himself a number of questions about each . +Does the writer know the difference between an `` ersatz '' ballad or tall tale and a true product of the folk ? ? +When the writer uses material does he tamper with it to improve its commercial effect or does he leave it pure ? ? +Is the writer propagandistic ? ? +Is he swept away by sentiment and nostalgia for an America that was ? ? +Or does he sincerely want to tap the real springs of American attitude and culture regardless of how unpopular and embarrassing they may be ? ? +

+

When he gets the answers to his questions he will be discouraged . +In the first place , a good many writers who are said to use folklore , do not , unless one counts an occasional superstition or tale . +Robert Frost , for instance , writes about rural life in New England , but he does not include any significant amount of folklore in his poems . +This has not , however , prevented publishers from labeling him a `` folk poet '' , simply because he is a rural one . +In the second place , a large number of writers , making a more direct claim than Frost to being `` folk writers '' of one sort or another , clearly make no distinctions between genuine and bogus material . +Stephen Vincent Benet's John Brown's Body comes immediately to mind in this connection , as does John Steinbeck's The Grapes Of Wrath and Carl Sandburg's The People , Yes . +The last two writers introduce strong political bias into their works , and not unlike the union leaders that we will discuss soon , see folklore as a reservoir of protest by a downtrodden and publically silenced mass . +Folklore , as used by such writers , really reflects images engraved into it by the very person using it . +The folk are simply not homogeneous with respect to nation or political attitude . +In fact , there is much evidence to indicate they don't care a bit about anything beyond their particular regional , ethnic and occupational limits . +Nevertheless , with a reading public that longs for the `` good old days '' and with an awareness of our expanding international interests , it is easy for the Benets to obtain a magnified position in literature by use of all sorts of Americana , real or fake , and it is easy for the Steinbecks and Sandburgs to support their messages of reform by reading messages of reform into the minds of the folk . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f22.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f22.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ee5328b3e18a8ccd3c1c8f6f095a7f304dfecd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f22.xml @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ +Sample F22 from Booton Herndon, "From Custer to Korea, The 7th Cavalry" + Saga, 22:6 (September, 1961), 58-60 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,164 words 15 (0.7%) quotes 12 symbolsF22

Used by permission0010-1890

 Booton Herndon, "From Custer to Korea, The 7th Cavalry" + Saga, 22:6 (September, 1961), 58-60 +

Arbitrary Hyphen: machine-gun [1150]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

In Ireland's County Limerick , near the River Shannon , there is a quiet little suburb by the name of Garryowen , which means `` Garden of Owen '' . +Undoubtedly none of the residents realize the influence their town has had on American military history , or the deeds of valor that have been done in its name . +The cry `` Garryowen '' ! ! +Bursting from the lips of a charging cavalry trooper was the last sound heard on this earth by untold numbers of Cheyennes , Sioux and Apaches , Mexican banditos under Pancho Villa , Japanese in the South Pacific , and Chinese and North Korean Communists in Korea . +Garryowen is the battle cry of the 7th U.S. Cavalry Regiment , `` The Fighting Seventh '' . +

+

Today a battle cry may seem an anachronism , for in the modern Army , esprit de corps has been sacrificed to organizational charts and tables . +But don't tell that to a veteran of the Fighting Seventh , especially in a saloon on Saturday night . +

+

Of all the thousands of men who have served in the 7th Cav , perhaps no one knows its spirit better than Lieutenant Colonel Melbourne C. Chandler . +Wiry and burr-headed , with steel blue eyes and a chest splattered with medals , Chandler is the epitome of the old-time trooper . +The truth is , however , that when Mel Chandler first reported to the regiment the only steed he had ever ridden was a swivel chair and the only weapon he had ever wielded was a pencil . +

+

Chandler had been commissioned in the Medical Service Corps and was serving as a personnel officer for the Kansas City Medical Depot when he decided that if he was going to make the Army his career , he wanted to be in the fighting part of it . +Though he knew no more about military science and tactics than any other desk officer , he managed to get transferred to the combat forces . +The next thing he knew he was reporting for duty as commanding officer of Troop H , 7th Cavalry , in the middle of corps maneuvers in Japan . +

+

Outside of combat , he couldn't have landed in a tougher spot . +First of all , no unit likes to have a new CO brought in from the outside , especially when he's an armchair trooper . +Second , if there is ever a perfect time to pull the rug out from under him , it's on maneuvers . +In combat , helping your CO make a fool of himself might mean getting yourself killed . +But in maneuvers , with the top brass watching him all the time , it's easy . +

+

Chandler understood this and expected the worst . +But his first few days with Troop H were full of surprises , beginning with First Sergeant Robert Early . +Chandler had expected a tough old trooper with a gravel voice . +Instead Sergeant Early was quiet , sharp and confident . +He had enlisted in the Army straight out of high school and had immediately set about learning his new trade . +There was no weapon Early could not take apart and reassemble blind-folded . +He could lead a patrol and he knew his paper work . +Further , he had taken full advantage of the Army's correspondence courses . +He not only knew soldiering , but mathematics , history and literature as well . +

+

But for all his erudite confidence , Sergeant Early was right out of the Garryowen mold . +He was filled with the spirit of the Fighting Seventh . +That saved Mel Chandler . +Sergeant Early let the new CO know just how lucky he was to be in the best troop in the best regiment in the United States Army . +He fed the captain bits of history about the troops and the regiment . +For example , it was a battalion of the 7th Cavalry under Colonel George Armstrong Custer that had been wiped out at the Battle of The Little Big Horn . +

+

It didn't take Captain Chandler long to realize that he had to carry a heavy load of tradition on his shoulders as commander of Troop Aj . +But what made the load lighter was the realization that every officer , non-com and trooper was ready and willing to help him carry it , for the good of the troop and the regiment . +

+

Maneuvers over , the 7th returned to garrison duty in Tokyo , Captain Chandler still with them . +It was the 7th Cavalry whose troopers were charged with guarding the Imperial Palace of the Emperor . +But still Mel Chandler was not completely convinced that men would really die for a four-syllable word , `` Garryowen '' . +The final proof was a small incident . +

+

It happened at the St. Patrick's Day party , a big affair for a regiment which had gone into battle for over three-quarters of a century to the strains of an Irish march . +In the middle of the party Chandler looked up to see four smiling faces bearing down upon him , each beaming above the biggest , greenest shamrock he had ever seen . +The faces belonged to Lieutenant Marvin Goulding , his wife and their two children . +And when the singing began , it was the Gouldings who sang the old Irish songs the best . +

+

Though there was an occasional good-natured chuckle about Marvin Goulding , the Jewish officer from Chicago , singing tearfully about the ould sod , no one really thought it was strange . +For Marvin Goulding , like Giovanni Martini , the bugler boy who carried Custer's last message , or Margarito Lopez , the one-man Army on Leyte , was a Garryowen , through and through . +It was no coincidence that Goulding was one of the most beloved platoon leaders in the regiment . +

+

And so Mel Chandler got the spirit of Garryowen . +He set out to keep Troop H the best troop in the best regiment . +One of his innovations was to see to it that every man -- cook and clerk as well as rifleman -- qualified with every weapon in the troop . +Even the mess sergeant , Bill Brown , a dapper , cocky transfer from an airborne division , went out on the range . +

+

The troop received a new leader , Lieutenant Robert M. Carroll , fresh out of ROTC and bucking for Regular Army status . +Carroll was sharp and military , but he was up against tough competition for that RA berth , and he wanted to play it cool . +So Mel Chandler set out to sell him on the spirit of Garryowen , just as he himself had been sold a short time before . +

+

When the Korean war began , on June 25 , 1950 , the anniversary of the day Custer had gone down fighting at the Little Big Horn and the day the regiment had assaulted the beachhead of Leyte during World War 2 , , the 7th Cavalry was not in the best fighting condition . +Its entire complement of non-commissioned officers on the platoon level had departed as cadre for another unit , and its vehicles were still those used in the drive across Luzon in World War 2 . +

+

Just a month after the Korean War broke out , the 7th Cavalry was moving into the lines , ready for combat . +From then on the Fighting Seventh was in the thick of the bitterest fighting in Korea . +

+

One night on the Naktong River , Mel Chandler called on that fabled esprit de corps . +The regiment was dug in on the east side of the river and the North Koreans were steadily building up a concentration of crack troops on the other side . +The troopers knew an attack was coming , but they didn't know when , and they didn't know where . +At 6 o'clock on the morning of August 12 , they were in doubt no longer . +Then it came , against Troop Aj . +

+

The enemy had filtered across the river during the night and a full force of 1000 men , armed with Russian machine guns , attacked the position held by Chandler's men . +They came in waves . +First came the cannon fodder , white-clad civilians being driven into death as a massive human battering ram . +They were followed by crack North Korean troops , who mounted one charge after another . +They overran the 7th Cav's forward machine-gun positions through sheer weight of numbers , over piles of their own dead . +

+

Another force flanked the company and took up a position on a hill to the rear . +Captain Chandler saw that it was building up strength . +He assembled a group of 25 men , composed of wounded troopers awaiting evacuation , the company clerk , supply men , cooks and drivers , and led them to the hill . +One of the more seriously wounded was Lieutenant Carroll , the young officer bucking for the Regular Army . +Chandler left Carroll at the bottom of the hill to direct any reinforcements he could find to the fight . +

+

Then Mel Chandler started up the hill . +He took one step , two , broke into a trot and then into a run . +The first thing he knew the words `` Garryowen '' ! ! +Burst from his throat . +His followers shouted the old battle cry after him and charged the hill , firing as they ran . +

+

The Koreans fell back , but regrouped at the top of the hill and pinned down the cavalrymen with a screen of fire . +Chandler , looking to right and left to see how his men were faring , suddenly saw another figure bounding up the hill , hurling grenades and hollering the battle cry as he ran . +It was Bob Carroll , who had suddenly found himself imbued with the spirit of Garryowen . +He had formed his own task force of three stragglers and led them up the hill in a Fighting Seventh charge . +Because of this diversionary attack the main group that had been pinned down on the hill was able to surge forward again . +But an enemy grenade hit Carroll in the head and detonated simultaneously . +He went down like a wet rag and the attackers hit the dirt in the face of the withering enemy fire . +

+

Enemy reinforcements came pouring down , seeking a soft spot . +They found it at the junction between Troops H and G , and prepared to counterattack . +Marvin Goulding saw what was happening . +He turned to his platoon . +`` Okay , men '' , he said . +`` Follow me '' . +Goulding leaped to his feet and started forward , `` Garryowen '' ! ! +On his lips , his men following . +But the bullets whacked home before he finished his battle cry and Marvin Goulding fell dead . +For an instant his men hesitated , unable to believe that their lieutenant , the most popular officer in the regiment , was dead . +Then they let out a bellow of anguish and rage and , cursing , screaming and hollering `` Garryowen '' ! ! +They charged into the enemy like wild men . +

+

That finished the job that Captain Chandler and Lieutenant Carroll had begun . +Goulding's platoon pushed back the enemy soldiers and broke up the timing of the entire enemy attack . +Reinforcements came up quickly to take advantage of the opening made by Goulding's platoon . +The North Koreans threw away their guns and fled across the rice paddies . +Artillery and air strikes were called in to kill them by the hundreds . +

+

Though Bob Carroll seemed to have had his head practically blown off by the exploding grenade , he lived . +Today he is a major -- in the Regular Army . +

+

So filled was Mel Chandler with the spirit of Garryowen that after Korea was over , he took on the job of writing the complete history of the regiment . +After years of digging , nights and weekends , he put together the big , profusely illustrated book , Of Garryowen And Glory , which is probably the most complete history of any military unit . +

+

The battle of the Naktong River is just one example of how the battle cry and the spirit of The Fighting Seventh have paid off . +For nearly a century the cry has never failed to rally the fighting men of the regiment . +

+

Take the case of Major Marcus A. Reno , who survived the Battle of The Little Big Horn in 1876 . +From the enlisted men he pistol-whipped to the subordinate officer whose wife he tried to rape , a lot of men had plenty of reason heartily to dislike Marcus Reno . +Many of his fellow officers refused to speak to him . +But when a board of inquiry was called to look into the charges of cowardice made against him , the men who had seen Reno leave the battlefield and the officer who had heard Reno suggest that the wounded be left to be tortured by the Sioux , refused to say a harsh word against him . +He was a member of The Fighting Seventh . +

+

Although it was at the Battle of The Little Horn , about which more words have been written than any other battle in American history , that the 7th Cavalry first made its mark in history , the regiment was ten years old by then . +Brevet Major General George Armstrong Custer was the regiment's first permanent commander and , like such generals as George S. Patton and Terry De La Mesa Allen in their rise to military prominence , Custer was a believer in blood and guts warfare . +

+

During the Civil War , Custer , who achieved a brilliant record , was made brigadier general at the age of 23 . +

+

He finished the war as a major general , commanding a full division , and at 25 was the youngest major general in the history of the U.S. Army . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f23.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f23.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c8c451e0e572360086a11a951f49add20264952e --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f23.xml @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +Sample F23 from Barry Goldwater, "A Foreign Policy for America" + National Review, X:11 (March 25, 1961), 177-179 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,018 words 72 (3.6%) quotesF23

Used by permission0010-1840

 Barry Goldwater, "A Foreign Policy for America" + National Review, X:11 (March 25, 1961), 177-179 +

Typographical Errors: imperfectability [0140]troubie [1420]consisently [0420]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

I do not mean to suggest that these assumptions are self-evident , in the sense that everyone agrees with them . +If they were , Walter Lippmann would be writing the same columns as George Sokolsky , and Herb Lock would have nothing to draw cartoons about . +I do mean , however , that I take them for granted , and that everything I shall be saying would appear quite idiotic against any contrary assumptions . +Assumption 1 . +

+

The ultimate objective of American policy is to help establish a world in which there is the largest possible measure of freedom and justice and peace and material prosperity ; ; +and in particular -- since this is our special responsibility -- that these conditions be enjoyed by the people of the United States . +I speak of `` the largest possible measure '' because any person who supposes that these conditions can be universally and perfectly achieved -- ever -- reckons without the inherent imperfectability of himself and his fellow human beings , and is therefore a dangerous man to have around . +Assumption 2 . +

+

These conditions are unobtainable -- are not even approachable in the qualified sense I have indicated -- without the prior defeat of world Communism . +This is true for two reasons : because Communism is both doctrinally , and in practice , antithetical to these conditions ; ; +and because Communists have the will and , as long as Soviet power remains intact , the capacity to prevent their realization . +Moreover , as Communist power increases , the enjoyment of these conditions throughout the world diminishes pro rata and the possibility of their restoration becomes increasingly remote . +Assumption 3 . +

+

It follows that victory over Communism is the dominant , proximate goal of American policy . +Proximate in the sense that there are more distant , more `` positive '' ends we seek , to which victory over Communism is but a means . +But dominant in the sense that every other objective , no matter how worthy intrinsically , must defer to it . +Peace is a worthy objective ; ; +but if we must choose between peace and keeping the Communists out of Berlin , then we must fight . +Freedom , in the sense of self-determination , is a worthy objective ; ; +but if granting self-determination to the Algerian rebels entails sweeping that area into the Sino-Soviet orbit , then Algerian freedom must be postponed . +Justice is a worthy objective ; ; +but if justice for Bantus entails driving the government of the Union of South Africa away from the West , then the Bantus must be prepared to carry their identification cards yet a while longer . +Prosperity is a worthy objective ; ; +but if providing higher standards of living gets in the way of producing sufficient guns to resist Communist aggression , then material sacrifices and denials will have to be made . +It may be , of course , that such objectives can be pursued consisently with a policy designed to overthrow Communism ; ; +my point is that where conflicts arise they must always be resolved in favor of achieving the indispensable condition for a tolerant world -- the absence of Soviet Communist power . +

+

The uses of power +This much having been said , the question remains whether we have the resources for the job we have to do -- defeat Communism -- and , if so , how those resources ought to be used . +This brings us squarely to the problem of power , and the uses a nation makes of power . +I submit that this is the key problem of international relations , that it always has been , that it always will be . +And I suggest further that the main cause of the trouble we are in has been the failure of American policy-makers , ever since we assumed free world leadership in 1945 , to deal with this problem realistically and seriously . +

+

In the recent political campaign two charges were leveled affecting the question of power , and I think we might begin by trying to put them into proper focus . +One was demonstrably false ; ; +the other , for the most part , true . +

+

The first was that America had become -- or was in danger of becoming -- a second-rate military power . +I know I do not have to dwell here on the absurdity of that contention . +You may have misgivings about certain aspects of our military establishment -- I certainly do -- but you know any comparison of over-all American strength with over-all Soviet strength finds the United States not only superior , but so superior both in present weapons and in the development of new ones that our advantage promises to be a permanent feature of U.S.-Soviet relations for the foreseeable future . +

+

I have often searched for a graphic way of impressing our superiority on those Americans who have doubts , and I think Mr. Jameson Campaigne has done it well in his new book American Might And Soviet Myth . +Suppose , he says , that the tables were turned , and we were in the Soviets' position : `` There would be more than 2,000 modern Soviet fighters , all better than ours , stationed at 250 bases in Mexico and the Caribbean . +Overwhelming Russian naval power would always be within a few hundred miles of our coast . +Half of the population of the U.S. would be needed to work on arms just to feed the people '' . +Add this to the unrest in the countries around us where oppressed peoples would be ready to turn on us at the first opportunity . +Add also a comparatively primitive industrial plant which would severely limit our capacity to keep abreast of the Soviets even in the missile field which is reputed to be our main strength . +

+

If we look at the situation this way , we can get an idea of Khrushchev's nightmarish worries -- or , at least , of the worries he might have if his enemies were disposed to exploit their advantage . +

+

U.S. `` prestige '' +The other charge was that America's political position in the world has progressively deteriorated in recent years . +The contention needs to be formulated with much greater precision than it ever was during the campaign , but once that has been done , I fail to see how any serious student of world affairs can quarrel with it . +

+

The argument was typically advanced in terms of U.S. `` prestige '' . +Prestige , however , is only a minor part of the problem ; ; +and even then , it is a concept that can be highly misleading . +Prestige is a measure of how other people think of you , well or ill . +But contrary to what was implied during the campaign , prestige is surely not important for its own sake . +Only the vain and incurably sentimental among us will lose sleep simply because foreign peoples are not as impressed by our strength as they ought to be . +The thing to lose sleep over is what people , having concluded that we are weaker than we are , are likely to do about it . +

+

The evidence suggests that foreign peoples believe the United States is weaker than the Soviet Union , and is bound to fall still further behind in the years ahead . +This ignorant estimate , I repeat , is not of any interest in itself ; ; +but it becomes very important if foreign peoples react the way human beings typically do -- namely , by taking steps to end up on what appears to be the winning side . +To the extent , then , that declining U.S. prestige means that other nations will be tempted to place their bets on an ultimate American defeat , and will thus be more vulnerable to Soviet intimidation , there is reason for concern . +

+

Still , these guesses about the outcome of the struggle cannot be as important as the actual power relationship between the Soviet Union and ourselves . +Here I do not speak of military power where our advantage is obvious and overwhelming but of political power -- of influence , if you will -- about which the relevant questions are : Is Soviet influence throughout the world greater or less than it was ten years ago ? ? +And is Western influence greater or less than it used to be ? ? +

+

Communist gains +In answering these questions , we need to ask not merely whether Communist troops have crossed over into territories they did not occupy before , and not merely whether disciplined agents of the Cominform are in control of governments from which they were formerly excluded : the success of Communism's war against the West does not depend on such spectacular and definitive conquests . +Success may mean merely the displacement of Western influence . +

+

Communist political warfare , we must remember , is waged insidiously and in deliberate stages . +Fearful of inviting a military showdown with the West which they could not win , the Communists seek to undermine Western power where the nuclear might of the West is irrelevant -- in backwoods guerrilla skirmishes , in mob uprisings in the streets , in parliaments , in clandestine meetings of undercover conspirators , at the United Nations , on the propaganda front , at diplomatic conferences -- preferably at the highest level . +

+

The Soviets understand , moreover , that the first step in turning a country toward Communism is to turn it against the West . +Thus , typically , the first stage of a Communist takeover is to `` neutralize '' a country . +The second stage is to retain the nominal classification of `` neutralist '' , while in fact turning the country into an active advocate and adherent of Soviet policy . +And this may be as far as the process will go . +The Kremlin's goal is the isolation and capture , not of Ghana , but of the United States -- and this purpose may be served very well by countries that masquerade under a `` neutralist '' mask , yet in fact are dependable auxiliaries of the Soviet Foreign Office . +

+

To recite the particulars of recent Soviet successes is hardly reassuring . +

+

Six years ago French Indochina , though in troubie , was in the Western camp . +Today Northern Vietnam is overtly Communist ; ; +Laos is teetering between Communism and pro-Communist neutralism ; ; +Cambodia is , for all practical purposes , neutralist . +

+

Indonesia , in the early days of the Republic , leaned toward the West . +Today Sukarno's government is heavily besieged by avowed Communists , and for all of its `` neutralist '' pretensions , it is a firm ally of Soviet policy . +

+

Ceylon has moved from a pro-Western orientation to a neutralism openly hostile to the West . +

+

In the Middle East , Iraq , Syria and Egypt were , a short while ago , in the Western camp . +Today the Nasser and Kassem governments are adamantly hostile to the West , are dependent for their military power on Soviet equipment and personnel ; ; +in almost every particular follow the Kremlin's foreign policy line . +

+

A short time ago all Africa was a Western preserve . +Never mind whether the Kikiyus and the Bantus enjoyed Wilsonian self-determination : the point is that in the struggle for the world that vast land mass was under the domination and influence of the West . +Today , Africa is swerving violently away from the West and plunging , it would seem , into the Soviet orbit . +

+

Latin America was once an area as `` safe '' for the West as Nebraska was for Nixon . +Today it is up for grabs . +One Latin American country , Cuba , has become a Soviet bridgehead ninety miles off our coast . +In some countries the trend has gone further than others : Mexico , Panama , and Venezuela are displaying open sympathy for Castroism , and there is no country -- save the Dominican Republic whose funeral services we recently arranged -- where Castroism and Anti-Americanism does not prevent the government from unqualifiedly espousing the American cause . +

+

Only in Europe have our lines remained firm -- and there only on the surface . +The strains of neutralism are running strong , notably in England , and even in Germany . +

+

Opportunities missed +What have we to show by way of counter-successes ? ? +We have had opportunities -- clear invitations to plant our influence on the other side of the Iron Curtain . +There was the Hungarian Revolution which we praised and mourned , but did nothing about . +There was the Polish Revolution which we misunderstood and then helped guide along a course favorable to Soviet interests . +There was the revolution in Tibet which we pretended did not exist . +Only in one instance have we moved purposively and effectively to dislodge existing Communist power : in Guatemala . +And contrary to what has been said recently , we did not wait for `` outside pressures '' and `` world opinion '' to bring down that Communist government ; ; +we moved decisively to effect an Anti-Communist coup d'etat . +We served our national interests , and by so doing we saved the Guatemalan people the ultimate in human misery . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f30.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f30.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d1de33bd6b477df8d30347ebd405e4f6376c7ef --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f30.xml @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +Sample F30 from Fredric A. Birmingham, The Ivy league Today + New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1961. Pp.142-149 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,001 words 96 (4.8%) quotesF30

Used by permission0010-1820

 Fredric A. Birmingham, The Ivy league Today + New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1961. Pp.142-149 +

Arbitrary Hyphens: self-evident [0660]over-emphasized [1710]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Surrounded by ancient elms , the campus is spacious and beautiful . +The buildings are mostly Georgian . +The Dartmouth student does not live in monastic seclusion , as he once did . +But his is still a simple life relatively free of the female presence or influence , and he must go far , even though he may go fast , for sophisticated pleasures . +He is still heir to the rare gifts of space and silence , if he chooses to be . +

+

He is by no means the country boy he might have been in the last century , down from the hills with bear grease on his hair and a zeal for book learning in his heart . +The men's shops on Hanover's Main Street compare favorably with those in Princeton and New Haven . +And the automobiles that stream out of Hanover each weekend , toward Smith and Wellesley and Mount Holyoke , are no less rakish than those leaving Cambridge or West Philadelphia . +But there has always been an outdoor air to Dartmouth . +The would-be sophisticate and the citybred youth adopt this air without embarrassment . +No one here pokes fun at manly virtues . +And this gives rise to an easy camaraderie probably unequaled elsewhere in the Ivy League . +It even affects the faculty . +

+

Thus , when Dartmouth's Winter Carnival -- widely recognized as the greatest , wildest , roaringest college weekend anywhere , any time -- was broadcast over a national television hookup , Prexy John Sloan Dickey appeared on the screen in rugged winter garb , topped off by a tam-o'-shanter which he confessed had been acquired from a Smith girl . +President Dickey's golden retriever , frolicking in the snow at his feet , added to the picture of masculine informality . +

+

This carefree disdain for `` side '' cropped up again in the same television broadcast . +Dean Thaddeus Seymour , wearing ski clothes , was crowning a beauteous damsel queen of the Carnival . +She must have looked temptingly pretty to the dean as he put the crown on her head . +So he kissed her . +No Dartmouth man was surprised . +

+

Dartmouth students enjoy other unusual diversions with equal sang-froid . +For example , groups regularly canoe down the Connecticut River . +This is in honor of John Ledyard , class of 1773 , who scooped a canoe out of a handy tree and first set the course way back in his own student days . +And these hardy travelers are not unappreciated today . +They are hailed by the nation's press , and Smith girls throng the riverbanks at Northampton and refresh the voyageurs with hot soup and kisses . +

+

Dartmouth's favorite and most characteristic recreation is skiing . +Since the days when their two thousand pairs of skis outnumbered those assembled anywhere else in the United States , the students have stopped regarding the Olympic Ski Team as another name for their own . +Yet Dartmouth still is the dominant member of the Intercollegiate Ski Union , which includes the winter sports colleges of Canada as well as those of this country . +

+

Dartmouth students ski everywhere in winter , starting with their own front door . +They can hire a horse and go ski-joring behind him , or move out to Oak Hill , where there's a lift . +The Dartmouth Skiway , at Holt's Ledge , ten miles north of the campus , has one of the best terrains in the East , ranging from novice to expert . +

+

Forty miles farther north is Mount Moosilauke , Dartmouth's own mountain . +Here , at the Ravine Lodge , President Dickey acts as host every year to about a hundred freshmen who are being introduced by the Dartmouth Outing Club to life on the trails . +The Lodge , built of hand-hewn virgin spruce , can handle fifty people for dining , sleeping , or lounging in its huge living room . +The Outing Club also owns a chain of fourteen cabins and several shelters , extending from the Vermont hills , just across the river from the college , through Hanover to the College Grant -- 27,000 acres of wilderness 140 miles north up in the logging country . +The cabins are equipped with bunks , blankets , and cooking equipment and are ideal bases for hikes and skiing trips . +The club runs regular trips to the cabins , but many of the students prefer to take off in small unofficial groups for a weekend of hunting , fishing , climbing , or skiing . +

+

Under the auspices of the Outing Club , Dartmouth also has the Mountaineering Club , which takes on tough climbs like Mount McKinley , and Bait & Bullet , whose interests are self-evident , and even sports a Woodman's Team , which competes with other New England colleges in wood sawing and chopping , canoe races , and the like . +

+

There is much to be said for a college that , while happily attuned to the sophisticated Ivies , still gives its students a chance to get up early in the morning and drive along back roads where a glimpse of small game , deer , or even bear is not uncommon . +City boys find a lot of learning in the feel of an ax handle or in the sharp tang of a sawmill , come upon suddenly in a backwoods logging camp . +And on the summit of Mount Washington , where thirty-five degrees below zero is commonplace and the wind velocity has registered higher than anywhere else in the world , there is a kind of wisdom to be found that other men often seek in the Himalayas `` because it is there '' . +

+

There is much to be said for such a college -- and Dartmouth men have been accused of saying it too often and too loudly . +Their affection for their college home has even caused President Dickey to comment on this `` place loyalty '' as something rather specially Hanoverian . +

+

Probably a lawyer once said it best for all time in the Supreme Court of the United States . +Early in the nineteenth century the State of New Hampshire was casting about for a way to found its own state university . +It fixed on Dartmouth College , which was ready-made and just what the proctor ordered . +The legislators decided to `` liberate '' Dartmouth and entered into a tug-o'-war with the college trustees over the control of classrooms , faculty , and chapel . +For a time there were two factions on the campus fighting for possession of the student body . +

+

The struggle was resolved in 1819 in the Supreme Court in one of the most intriguing cases in our judicial history . +In 1817 the lawyers were generally debating the legal inviolability of private contracts and charters . +A lawyer , hired by the college , was arguing specifically for Dartmouth : Daniel Webster , class of 1801 , made her plight the dramatic focus of his whole plea . +In an age of oratory , he was the king of orators , and both he himself and Chief Justice Marshall were bathed in manly tears , as Uncle Dan'l reached his thundering climax : +

+

`` It is , sir , as I have said , a small college , and yet there are those who love it . +

+

Dartmouth is today still a small college -- and still a private one , thanks to Webster's eloquence . +

+

This is not out of keeping with its origins , probably the most humble of any in the Ivy group . +Eleazar Wheelock , a Presbyterian minister , founded the school in 1769 , naming it after the second earl of Dartmouth , its sponsor and benefactor . +Eleazar , pausing on the Hanover plain , found its great forests and remoteness good and with his own hands built the first College Hall , a log hut dedicated `` for the education & instruction of Youth of the Indian Tribes in this Land in reading , writing & all parts of learning which shall appear necessary and expedient for civilizing & christianizing Children of Pagans as well as in all liberal Arts and Sciences ; ; +and also of English Youth and any others '' . +

+

It was a hardy undertaking , and Wheelock's was indeed `` a voice crying in the wilderness '' . +A road had to be hacked through trackless forests between Hanover and Portsmouth to permit Governor Wentworth and a company of gentlemen to attend the first Dartmouth commencement in 1771 . +The governor and his retinue thoughtfully brought with them a glorious silver punchbowl which is still one of the cherished possessions of the college . +

+

The exuberance on this occasion set a standard for subsequent Dartmouth gatherings . +A student orator `` produced tears from a great number of the learned '' even before the punch was served . +Then from the branches of a near-by tree an Indian underclassman , disdaining both the platform and the English language , harangued the assemblage in his aboriginal tongue . +Governor Wentworth contributed an ox for a barbecue on the green beneath the three-hundred-foot pines , and a barrel of rum was broached . +The cook got drunk , and President Wheelock proved to be a man of broad talents by carving the ox himself . +

+

Future commencements were more decorous perhaps , but the number of graduates increased from the original four at a relatively slow pace . +By the end of the nineteenth century , in 1893 , when the Big Three , Columbia , and Penn were populous centers of learning , Dartmouth graduated only sixty-nine . +The dormitories , including the beloved Dartmouth Hall , could barely house two hundred students in Spartan fashion . +

+

Then in 1893 Dr. William Jewett Tucker became president and the college's great awakening began . +He transformed Dartmouth from a small New Hampshire institution into a national college . +By 1907 the number of undergraduates had risen to 1,107 . +And at his last commencement , in that year , Dr. Tucker and Dartmouth were honored by the presence of distinguished academic visitors attesting to the new stature of the college . +The presidents of Cornell , Wisconsin , C.C.N.Y. , Bowdoin , Vermont , Brown , Columbia , Princeton , Yale , and Harvard and the presidents emeritus of Harvard and Michigan were there . +

+

Dartmouth is numerically still a small college today , with approximately twenty-nine hundred undergraduates . +But it has achieved a cross-section of students from almost all the states , and two-thirds of its undergraduates come from outside New England . +Over 450 different schools are usually represented in each entering class . +Only a dozen or so schools send as many as six students , and there are seldom more than fifteen men in any single delegation . +About two-thirds of the boys now come from public schools . +

+

It is still a college only and not a university ; ; +it is , in fact , the only college in the Ivy group . +However , three distinguished associated graduate schools offer professional curriculums -- the Dartmouth Medical School ( third oldest in the country and founded in 1797 ) , the Thayer School of Engineering , and the Amos Tuck School of Business Administration . +All three are purposely kept small , with a current total enrollment of about two hundred . +

+

All three schools coordinate their educational programs with that of the undergraduate college and , like the college proper , place emphasis upon a broad liberal arts course as the proper foundation for specialized study . +Students of the college who are candidates for the A.B. degree and can satisfy the academic requirements of the medical and business schools , may enter either of these associated schools at the beginning of senior year , thus completing the two-year postgraduate course in one year . +The Thayer School offers a year of postgraduate study in somewhat the same way , after a boy wins a B.S. in engineering . +

+

So Dartmouth is moving closer to the others in the Ivy group . +It is still , however , the junior member of the League , if not in years at least in the catching up it has had to do . +It has not been a well-known school for any part of the span the other Ivies have enjoyed . +However much football has been over-emphasized , the public likes to measure its collegiate favorites by the scoreboard , so , while Yale need never give its record a thought again since outscoring its opponents 694 to 0 in the season of 1888 , Dartmouth had to wait until its championship team of 1925 for national recognition . +

+

It has come on with a rush in more significant areas . +Today it espouses certain ideas in its curriculum that other institutions might consider somewhat breathtaking . +But Dartmouth preserves its youthful brashness even in its educational attitudes , and , although some of its experiments may still be in the testing stage , they make for lively copy . +

+

President Emeritus Hopkins once proposed to corral an `` aristocracy of brains '' in Hanover . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f31.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f31.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b286d7e1aa634f61ef054d10164e7700869334c --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f31.xml @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +Sample F31 from Edward D. Radin, Lizzie Borden: The Untold Story + New York: Simon and Schuster, 1961. Pp. 208-214 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,012 words 92 (4.6%) quotesF31

Used by permission0010-1710

 Edward D. Radin, Lizzie Borden: The Untold Story + New York: Simon and Schuster, 1961. Pp. 208-214 +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The person who left the buggy there has never been identified . +It was a busy street , conveniently near the shopping center , and unattended horses and wagons were often left at the curbside . +

+

There are , of course , many weaknesses in any case against Emma . +She didn't like her stepmother , but nothing is known to have occurred shortly before the crime that could have caused such a murderous rage . +She had no way of knowing in advance whether an opportunity for murder existed . +She would have been taking more than a fair risk of being seen and recognized during her travels . +If she avoided the train and hired a buggy , the stableman might have recognized her . +If police had checked on her more thoroughly than is indicated , she would be completely eliminated as a suspect . +

+

Uncle John Vinnicum Morse was the immediate popular suspect . +His sudden unannounced appearance at the Borden home was strange in that he did not carry an iota of baggage with him , although he clearly intended to stay overnight , if not longer . +

+

Lizzie stated during the inquest that while her father and uncle were in the sitting room the afternoon before the murders , she had been disturbed by their voices and had closed her door , even though it was a very hot day . +

+

It is evident that Lizzie did not tell everything she overheard between her father and her Uncle Morse . +At that time Jennings had a young law associate named Arthur S. Phillips . +A few years ago , not too long before his death , Phillips revealed in a newspaper story that he had always suspected Morse of the murders . +He said Morse and Borden had quarreled violently in the house that day , information which must have come from Lizzie . +It was obviously the sound of this argument that caused Lizzie to close her door . +

+

The New Bedford Standard-Times has reported Knowlton as saying , long after the trial , that if he only knew what Borden said during his conversation with Morse , he would have convicted `` somebody '' . +Notice , Knowlton did not say that he would have obtained a conviction in the trial of Lizzie Borden . +He said he would have convicted `` somebody '' . +

+

It is known that Morse did associate with a group of itinerant horse traders who made their headquarters at Westport , a town not far from Fall River . +They were a vagabond lot and considered to be shady and undesirable characters . +Fall River police did go to Westport to see if they could get any information against Morse and possibly find an accomplice whom he might have hired from among these men . +These officers found no incriminating information . +

+

Morse's alibi was not as solid as it seemed . +He said he returned from the visit to his niece on the 11:20 streetcar . +The woman in the house where the niece was staying backed up his story and said she left when he did to shop for her dinner . +Fall River is not a fashionable town . +The dinner hour there was twelve noon . +If this woman had delayed until after 11:20 to start her shopping , she would have had little time in which to prepare the substantial meal that was eaten at dinner in those days . +It is possible that Morse told the woman it was 11:20 , but it could have been earlier , since she did serve dinner on time . +Police did make an attempt to check on Morse's alibi . +They interviewed the conductor of the streetcar Morse said he had taken , but the man did not remember Morse as a passenger . +Questioned further , Morse said that there had been four or five priests riding on the same car with him . +The conductor did recall having priests as passengers and this satisfied police , although the conductor also pointed out that in heavily Catholic Fall River there were priests riding on almost every trip the streetcar made , so Morse's statement really proved nothing . +

+

We do know that Morse left the house before nine o'clock . +Bridget testified she saw him leave through the side door . +Morse said Borden let him out and locked the screen door . +From that point on he said he went to the post office and then walked leisurely to where his niece was staying , more than a mile away . +He met nobody he knew on this walk . +There is no accounting of his movements in this long gap of time which covers the early hours when Mrs. Borden was killed . +

+

Morse testified that while he was having breakfast in the dining room , Mrs. Borden told the servant , `` Bridget , I want you to wash these windows today '' . +Bridget's testimony was in direct contradiction . +She said it was after she returned from her vomiting spell in the back yard that Mrs. Borden told her to wash the windows . +This was long after Morse had left the house . +

+

Morse's knowledge of what Mrs. Borden told Bridget could indicate that he had returned secretly to the house and was hidden there . +He knew the house fairly well , he had been there on two previous visits during the past three or four months alone . +And despite Knowlton's attempts to show that the house was locked up tighter than a drum , this was not true . +The screen door was unlocked for some ten or fifteen minutes while Bridget was sick in the back . +It was unlocked all the time she was washing windows . +Morse could have returned openly while Bridget was sick in the back yard and gone up to the room he had occupied . +Mrs. Borden would not have been alarmed if she saw Morse with an ax or hatchet in his hand . +He had been to the farm the previous day and he could have said they needed the ax or hatchet at the farm . +Mrs. Borden would have had no reason to disbelieve him and he could have approached close enough to her to swing before she could cry out . +He could have left for Weybosset Street after her murder and made it in plenty of time by using the streetcar . +

+

If he took an earlier streetcar than the 11:20 on his return , he could have arrived at the Borden house shortly after Mr. Borden came home . +With Lizzie in the barn , the screen door unlocked and Bridget upstairs in her attic room , he would have had free and easy access to the house . +With the second murder over , he could have left , hidden the weapon in some vacant lot or an abandoned cistern in the neighborhood . +His unconcerned stroll down the side of the house to a pear tree , with crowds already gathering in front of the building and Sawyer guarding the side door , was odd . +There was no close examination of his clothes for bloodstains , and certainly no scientific test was made of them . +And for a man who traveled around without any change of clothing , a few more stains on his dark suit may very well have gone unnoticed . +

+

The motive may have been the mysterious quarrel ; ; +there was no financial gain for Morse in the murders . +

+

On the other side of the ledger is the fact that he did see his niece and the woman with whom she was staying . +The time would have been shortly after the murder of Mrs. Borden and they noticed nothing unusual in his behavior . +He said he had promised Mrs. Borden to return in time for dinner and that was close to the time when he did turn up at the Borden house . +

+

What did Pearson say about Bridget Sullivan as a possible suspect in his trial-book essay ? ? +He wrote : +

+

`` The police soon ceased to look upon either Bridget or Mr. Morse as in possession of guilty knowledge . +Neither had any interest in the deaths ; ; +indeed , it was probably to Mr. Morse's advantage to have Mr. and Mrs. Borden alive . +Both he and Bridget were exonerated by Lizzie herself '' . +That was his complete discussion of Bridget Sullivan as a possible suspect . +

+

Although Pearson disbelieved almost everything Lizzie said , and read a sinister purpose into almost everything she did , he happily accepted her statement about Bridget as the whole truth . +He felt nothing further need be said about the servant girl . +

+

The exoneration Pearson speaks of is not an exoneration , but Lizzie's expression of her opinion , as reported in the testimony of Assistant Marshal Fleet . +This officer had asked Lizzie if she suspected her Uncle Morse , and she replied she didn't think he did it because he left the house before the murders and returned after them . +Fleet asked the same question about Bridget , and Lizzie pointed out that as far as she knew Bridget had gone up to her room before her father's murder and came down when she called her . +

+

Lizzie , actually , never named any suspect . +She told police about the prospective tenant she had heard quarreling with her father some weeks before the murders , but she said she thought he was from out of town because she heard him mention something about talking to his partner . +And , much as she detested Hiram Harrington , she also did not accuse him . +At the inquest she was asked specifically whether she knew anybody her father had bad feelings toward , or who had bad feelings toward her father . +She replied , `` I know of one man that has not been friendly with him . +They have not been friendly for years '' . +Asked who this was , she named Harrington . +Her statement certainly was true ; ; +the press reported the same facts in using Harrington's interview , but Lizzie did not suggest at the inquest that Harrington was the killer . +

+

When I interviewed Kirby , who as a boy picked up pears in the Borden yard , I asked if anybody else in the household besides Lizzie and Morse had been under any suspicion at the time of the murders . +He said he had not heard of anybody else . +`` How about Bridget Sullivan '' ? ? +I inquired . +`` Oh , she was just the maid there '' , he replied , waving a hand to indicate how completely unimportant she was . +Kirby was , of course , reflecting the opinion that existed at the time of murders . +

+

Everyone somehow manages to overlook completely the fact that , as far as we know , there were exactly two people in and about the house at the time of both murders : Lizzie Borden and Bridget Sullivan . +

+

All the officials on the case seem to have been afflicted with a similar myopia as far as Bridget was concerned , although records in police files contain many reports of servants who have murdered their employers . +True , it is no longer cricket for the butler to be the killer in mystery fiction , but we are dealing here with actual people in real life and not imaginary characters and situations . +

+

The actions of Bridget should be examined , since she was there and opportunity did exist , if only to establish her innocence . +There are also other factors that require closer examination . +

+

The legend as it exists in Fall River today always includes the solemn assurance that Bridget returned to Ireland after the trial with a `` big bundle '' of cash which Lizzie gave her for keeping her mouth shut . +The people who believe and retell the legend have apparently never troubled to read the trial testimony and do not know that the maid changed her testimony on several key points , always to the detriment of Lizzie . +If Bridget did get any bundles of cash , the last person who would have rewarded her for services rendered would have been Lizzie Borden . +

+

Bridget was born in Ireland , one of fourteen children . +She was apparently the pioneer in her family because she had no close relatives in this country at that time . +She worked as a domestic , first in Newport for a year , and then in South Bethlehem , Pennsylvania , for another year . +She finally settled in Fall River and , after being employed for a time by a Mrs. Reed , was hired by the Bordens . +

+

I have previously described how , during the week of the murder , Bridget spent the first few hot days scrubbing and ironing clothes . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f36.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f36.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b1f5ac092bd8de52645e2dd3209f6d9f455c7265 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f36.xml @@ -0,0 +1,169 @@ +Sample F36 from Robert Easton and Mackenzie Brown, Lord of Beasts + Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1961. Pp. 188-194 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,029 words 166 (8.2%) quotesF36

Used by permission0010.1700

 Robert Easton and Mackenzie Brown, Lord of Beasts + Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1961. Pp. 188-194 +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

It was John who found the lion tracks . +He found them near the carcass of a zebra that had been killed the night before , and he circled once , nose to the ground , hair shooting up along his back , as it did when he was after lion or bear , and then he lifted his head and bayed , and the pack joined in , all heads high , and Jones knew it was a hot trail . +

+

He stifled the Comanche yell and let John lead him straight toward the nearby black volcanic mountain . +This mountain was known as The Black Reef and it rose almost perpendicularly for about two hundred feet , honeycombed with caves , top covered with dense scrub and creepers and tall grass . +On the south it ended sharply as though the lava had been cut off there suddenly . +

+

Kearton and Ulyate had started the day together while Jones followed the dogs , and Means and Loveless had taken another route , and now , with the discovery of the fresh trail still unknown to him , Ulyate reined in , in the shadow of the Reef and pointed . +Kearton focussed his field glasses . +

+

`` That's the Colonel '' , he said , `` But I can't see the dogs '' . +

+

As they watched , Jones rode straight for the Reef . +Then they picked up the smaller black specks on the plain in front of him . +The dogs were working a trail -- lion ? ? +Hyena ? ? +The pack had made a bend to the north , swinging back toward the Reef , and Kearton and Ulyate could hear them faintly . +

+

Kearton got off and tore up some dry grass that grew in cracks between the rocks and piled it in a heap and wanted to make the smoke signal that would bring Loveless and Means and the rest of the party . +

+

`` Not yet '' , cautioned Ulyate . +

+

Jones came toward them fast , now , along the southern toe of the Reef , and the dogs could be heard plainly , Old John with his Grand Canyon voice outstanding above the others . +There was Sounder , too , also a veteran of the North Rim , and Rastus and the Rake from a pack of English fox-hounds , and a collie from a London pound , and Simba , a terrier . +A motley pack , chosen for effectiveness , not beauty . +Jones was galloping close behind them leaning down , cheering them on . +

+

`` Light it '' ! ! +Ulyate said , and Kearton touched a match to the pile of grass , blew on it and flame licked out . +He threw green stuff on it , and a thin blue column of smoke rose . +

+

`` That will fetch the gang and tell the Colonel where we are '' . +

+

Two quick shots sounded . +Then there was a chorus of wild barking and baying . +Then the heavy roar of a lion . +

+

Kearton and Ulyate looked at each other and began to gallop toward the sound . +It came from the top of the Reef not half a mile away . +At the base of the rocky hillside , they left their horses and climbed on foot . +The route was choked with rugged lava-rocks , creepers and bushes , so thickly overgrown that when Kearton lost sight of Ulyate and called , Ulyate answered from ten feet away . +Nice country to meet a lion in face to face . +Ulyate and Kearton climbed on toward the sound of the barking of the dogs and the sporadic roaring of the lion , till they came , out of breath , to the crest , and peering through the branches of a bush , this is what Ulyate saw : Jones who had apparently ( and actually had ) ridden up the nearly impassable hillside , sitting calmly on his horse within forty feet of a full-grown young lioness , who was crouched on a flat rock and seemed just about to charge him , while the dogs whirled around her . +

+

Ulyate drew back with a start , and put finger to lips , almost afraid to move or whisper lest it set her off , `` The dogs have got her bayed . +She's just the other side of that bush '' ! ! +And when they had drawn back a step he added : `` Jones is sitting on his horse right in front of her . +Why she doesn't charge him , I don't know . +And he hasn't even got a knife on him . +He couldn't get away from her in this kind of ground . +Careful , don't disturb her '' . +

+

Jones had been about a hundred and fifty feet from her when he first broke through to the top of the Reef . +She was standing on a flat rock three feet above ground and when she saw him she rose to full height and roared , opening her mouth wide , lashing her tail , and stamping at the rock with both forefeet in irritation , as much as to say : `` How dare you disturb me in my sacred precinct '' ? ? +

+

Intuition told him , however , that she was tired and winded from the run up the Reef and would not charge , yet . +He moved forward to within thirty-five feet of her , being careful , because he knew the female is less predictable than the male . +( In the graveyard at Nairobi he had been shown the graves of thirty-four big game hunters killed hunting the animals he was attempting to lasso . +Of the thirty-four , seventeen had been killed by lions , and eleven out of the seventeen by lionesses . +) She snarled terribly but intuition told him , again , that she was bluffing , and he could see that half her attention was distracted by the dogs . +He threw the lasso . +It was falling over her head when a branch of a bush caught it and it fell in front of her on the rock . +Even then , if she took one step forward he could catch her . +But John nipped her rear end -- one lion's rear end was as good as another to John , Africa , Arizona no matter -- and she changed ends and took a swipe at John , but he ducked back . +

+

Jones then recoiled his rope and threw again , this time hitting her on the back but failing to encircle her . +She whirled and faced him , roaring terribly , and Ulyate , watching through the leaves , could not understand why she did not charge and obliterate him , because he wouldn't have much of a chance of getting away , in that thick growth , but she seemed just a trace uncertain ; ; +while Jones , on the other hand , appeared perfectly confident and Ulyate decided perhaps that was the answer . +

+

From the lioness' point of view , this strange creature on the back of another creature , lashing out with its long thin paw , very likely appeared as something she could not at first cope with . +But now she sank lower to the rock . +Her roar changed to a growl . +Her tail no longer lashed . +Although she appeared more subdued and defeated , Jones knew she was growing more dangerous . +She was rested and could mount a charge . +Just the tip of her tail was moving as she crouched , and she was treading lightly up and down with her hind feet . +

+

At this moment , Loveless and Means arrived , crashing through the undergrowth with their horses , and distracted her , and she ran off a short distance and jumped into a crevice between two rocks . +The dogs followed her and she killed three and badly wounded Old John . +

+

`` We've got to get her out of there '' ! ! +Jones yelled , `` or she'll kill 'em all . +Bring me the firecrackers '' . +

+

For such an emergency he had included Fourth-of-July cannon crackers as part of their equipment . +Lighting one he pitched it into the crevice , and the lioness left off mauling the dogs and departed . +

+

`` Ain't she a beauty , though '' ? ? +Called out Means as she ran . +

+

`` Don't you go a step nearer her than I do '' , Jones warned , `` and if you do , go at a run so you'll have momentum '' ! ! +

+

For two hours they drove her from one strong point to another along the side of the Reef , trying to maneuver her onto the plain where they could get a good throw . +But she clung to the rocks and brush , and the day wore away . +It was hot . +The dogs were tired . +The men were tired too . +It was the story of the rhinoceros fight all over again . +And the sun was beginning to go down . +If dark came they would lose her . +

+

`` I'll get a pole '' , Jones said finally , `` and I'll poke a noose over her head '' ! ! +

+

At this moment she was crouched in a cave-like aperture halfway down the Reef . +Ulyate made no comment but his face showed what he thought of poking ropes over lions' heads with poles , and of course these were the lions of fifty years ago , not the gentler ones of today , and this one was angry , with good reason . +Loveless , too , objected . +`` It won't work , Colonel '' . +

+

`` Just the same we'll try it '' . +

+

But without waiting for them to try it , she scattered the dogs and shot down the Reef and out across the plain . +

+

John led the chase after her and the other dogs strung out behind , many of them trailing blood . +John himself was bruised and clawed from head to tail , but he was in this fight to the finish , running almost as strongly now as in the morning . +

+

She took refuge on a tongue of land extending into a gully , crouched at the base of a thorn tree , and waited for them to come up . +She had chosen the spot well . +With the gully on three sides , she could be approached only along the tongue of land . +`` Careful , now '' , Jones warned . +

+

Means tried her first . +Very slowly he maneuvered his rawboned bay gelding , edging closer , watching for a chance to throw , but ready to spin and run , rope whining about his head , horse edging tensely under him , but the gelding was obedient and responded and was not paralyzed by the close proximity of the lion . +They tell you horses go crazy at the sight or smell of a bear or a lion , but these didn't . +

+

Means edged closer . +She snarled warningly . +Means spit and edged on . +Again she snarled , and again he edged . +The pony was sidewise to her . +With a whirling jump , it could get into gear . +However nothing on four legs was supposed to be faster than a lion over a short distance , unless it was a cheetah . +

+

She charged . +Means spun and spurred . +For thirty yards she gained rapidly . +She was closing and within one more bound would have been able to reach the rear end of the bay , but -- and here Jones and Loveless and Ulyate were holding breath for all they were worth -- she never quite caught up that last bound . +Means held steady one jump ahead of her . +Then gradually he began to pull away . +A Western cowpony had outrun an African lion , from a standing start . +Photos showed later that she'd been about six feet from Means . +Of course the factor of head start made all the difference . +How much head start ? ? +No one knew exactly . +That was the whole question . +Enough , was the answer . +

+

The lioness quickly changed front , when she saw she couldn't catch Means , and made for Jones . +As she had done with Means , she gained rapidly at first , but then Baldy began to draw away . +Somewhere in the few scant yards of head start was the determining point . +

+

When Jones too drew away , she returned to a thorn bush in the neck of land running into the gully , crouched low and waited as before . +This new position , however , gave the ropers a better chance . +There was room to make a quick dash past the bush and throw as you went . +So : Means edged around on the north side of her , Jones moved in from the south . +Tossing his rope and shouting he attracted her attention . +He succeeded almost too well , because once she rose as if to charge , and he half wheeled his horse -- he was within fifty feet -- but she sank back . +

+

From behind her Means shot forward at a run . +Kearton began shouting , `` Wait , wait -- the camera's jammed '' ! ! +But Means kept on . +He raced by within twenty feet of her , roped her around the neck , but a lioness' neck is short and thick and with a quick twist she slipped the noose off . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f37.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f37.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6eeb6dd74a31dc9b01d45db93d57c294231ce1fd --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f37.xml @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +Sample F37 from Samuel McCrea Cavert, On the Road to Christian Unity + New York: Harper & Brothers, 1961. Pp. 136-141 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,024 words 50 (2.5%) quotesF37

Used by permission0010-1770

 Samuel McCrea Cavert, On the Road to Christian Unity + New York: Harper & Brothers, 1961. Pp. 136-141 +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The missionary obligation to proclaim the gospel to all the world was once left to zealous individuals and voluntary societies . +But the time came when a church that had no part in the missionary movement was looked upon as deficient in its essential life . +The Christian education of children , too , was once hardly more than a sideshow , but the day came when a congregation that did not assume full oversight of a church school was thought of as failing in its duty . +

+

The most serious weakness of the ecumenical movement today is that it is generally regarded as the responsibility of a few national leaders in each denomination and a few interdenominational executives . +Most pastors and laymen , even though they believe it to be important , assume that the ecumenical movement lies outside the province of their parishes . +They may even dismiss it from their minds as something that concerns only the `` ecclesiastical Rover Boys '' , as someone has dubbed them , who like to go to national and international assemblies , and have expense accounts that permit them to do so . +

+

As long as this point of view prevails , the ecumenical movement will be lame and halt . +The next stage ahead is that of making it thoroughly at home in the local community . +Progress will take place far less through what is done in any `` summit conference '' of the National Council or the World Council , or even in offices of the denominational boards , than through what happens in the communities where Christian people live together as neighbors . +The front line of advance is where witnessing and worshiping congregations of different traditions exist side by side . +Until they see the ecumenical movement in terms of the difference it makes in their own attitudes , programs , and relationships , it will have an inevitable aspect of unreality . +As things now stand , there is a grievous disparity between the unity in Christ which we profess in ecumenical meetings and the complacent separateness of most congregations on any Main Street in the nation . +

+

The ecumenical congregation +The crux of ecumenical advance is an even more personalized matter than the relation between congregations in the same community . +The decisive question is what happens within each congregation and , finally , in the minds and hearts of the individual members . +It is here that the local and ecumenical must meet . +It is here that the ecumenical must become local and the local become ecumenical . +

+

It has become almost trite to say that the ecumenical movement must be `` carried down to the grass roots '' . +This way of describing the matter is unfortunate . +It implies two misconceptions . +One is that whatever is ecumenical has to do with some over-all organization at `` the top '' and needs only to be understood at the so-called `` lower levels '' . +The truth , however , is that the ecumenical church is just the local church in its own true character as an integral unit of the whole People of God throughout the world . +The other misconception is that our ecumenical problems will be solved if only the knowledge of the church in its world-wide extension and its interdenominational connections , now comprehended by many national leaders , can be communicated to all congregations . +However needed this may be , the fundamental problem is not information but active commitment to the total mission of the church of Christ in the world . +

+

The basic unit in the church , of whatever denominational polity , is always the congregation . +It is hardly possible to emphasize this too much . +Most people do not realize that the congregation , as a gathered fellowship meeting regularly face to face , personally sharing in a common experience and expressing that experience in daily relationships with one another , is unique . +The idea that it is a feature of all religions is entirely mistaken . +The Jewish synagogue affords a parallel to the Christian congregation , but Hinduism , Buddhism , Islam , Confucianism , Taoism , Shintoism , although they have sacred scriptures , priests , spiritual disciplines , and places of prayer , do not have a congregation as a local household of faith and love . +Their characteristic experience is that of the individual at an altar or a shrine rather than that of a continuing social group with a distinctive kind of fellowship . +

+

How far the fellowship in most local churches falls below what the New Testament means by koinonia ! ! +What is now called Christian fellowship is often little more than the social chumminess of having a gracious time with the kind of people one likes . +The koinonia of Acts and of the Epistles means sharing in a common relation to Christ . +It is an experience of a new depth of community derived from an awareness of the corporate indwelling of Christ in His people . +As Dietrich Bonhoffer puts it , `` Our community with one another consists solely in what Christ has done to both of us '' . +This may mean having fellowship in the church with people with whom , on the level of merely human agreeableness , we might prefer not to have any association at all . +There is a vast difference between the community of reconciliation which the New Testament describes and the community of congeniality found in the average church building . +

+

Whenever a congregation really sees itself as a unit in the universal Church , in vital relation with the whole Body of Christ and participating in His mission to the world , a necessary foundation-stone of the ecumenical movement has been laid . +The antithesis of the ecumenical and the local then no longer exists . +The local and the ecumenical are one . +

+

Of course , the perspective of those who are dealing directly with the world-wide problems of the People of God will always be different from the perspective of those who are dealing with the nearby problems of particular persons in a particular place . +Each viewpoint is valid if it is organically related to the other . +Neither is adequate if it stands alone . +Our difficulty arises when either viewpoint shuts out the other . +And this is what all too often happens . +

+

Divergent perspectives +A little parable illustrative of this truth is afforded by an incident related by Professor Bela Vasady at the end of the Second World War . +With great difficulty he made his way from his native Hungary to Geneva to renew his contacts as a member of the Provisional Committee for the World Council of Churches . +When he had the mishap of breaking his spectacles , his ecumenical colleagues insisted on providing him with new ones . +They were bifocals . +He often spoke of them as his `` ecumenical '' glasses and used them as a symbol of the kind of vision that is required in the church . +It is , he said , a bifocal vision , which can see both the near-at-hand and the distant and keep a Christian in right relation to both . +

+

As things stand now , the local and the ecumenical tend to compete with each other . +On the one hand , there are ecumenists who are so stirred by the crises of the church in its encounter with the world at large that they have no eyes for what the church is doing in their own town . +They do not escape the pitfall into which Charles Dickens pictured Mrs. Jellyby as falling . +Her concern for the natives of Borrioboola-Gha was so intense that she quite forgot and neglected her son Peepy ! ! +Likewise , the ecumenist may become so absorbed in the conflict of the church with the totalitarian state in East Germany , the precarious situation of the church in revolutionary China , and the anguish of the church over apartheid in South Africa that he loses close contact with the parish church in its unspectacular but indispensable ministry of worship , pastoral service and counseling , and Christian nurture for a face-to-face group of individuals . +

+

On the other hand , many a pastor is so absorbed in ministering to the intimate , personal needs of individuals in his congregation that he does little or nothing to lead them into a sense of social responsibility and world mission . +As a result , they go on thinking of the church , with introverted and self-centered satisfaction , only in connection with the way in which it serves them and their families . +It would hardly be an exaggeration to say that ninety per cent of the energy of most churches -- whether in terms of finance or spiritual concern -- is poured into the private and domestic interests of the members . +The parish lives for itself rather than for the community or the world . +

+

The gap between the ecumenical perspective and the parish perspective appears most starkly in a church in any of our comfortable suburbs . +It is eminently successful according to all conventional standards . +It is growing in numbers . +Its people are agreeable friends . +It has a beautiful edifice . +Its preaching and its music give refreshment of spirit to men and women living under heavy strain . +It provides pastoral care for the sick and troubled . +It helps children grow up with at least a nodding acquaintance with the Bible . +It draws young people into the circle of those who continue the life of the church from generation to generation . +And it is easy for the ecumenical enthusiast to lose sight of how basic all this is . +

+

But what is this church doing to help its members understand their roles as Christians in the world ? ? +All too often its conception of parish ministry and pastoral care includes no responsibility for them in their relation to issues of the most desperate urgency for the life of mankind . +It is not stirring them to confront the racial tensions of today with the mind of Christ . +It is not helping them face the moral crisis involved in the use of nuclear energy . +It is not making them sensitive to the sub-Christian level of much of our economic and industrial life . +It is raising no disturbing question as to what Christian stewardship means for the relationship of the richest nation in the world to economically underdeveloped peoples . +It is not developing an awareness of the new kind of missionary strategy that is called for as young churches emerge in Asia and Africa . +

+

To put it bluntly , many a local church is giving its members only what they consciously want . +It is not disturbing them by thoughts of their Christian responsibility in relation to the world . +We shall not make a decisive advance in the ecumenical movement until such a church begins to see itself not merely as a haven of comfort and peace but as a base of Christian witness and mission to the world . +

+

There is a humorous but revealing story about a rancher who owned a large slice of Texas and who wanted to have on it everything that was necessary for a completely pleasant community . +He built a school and a library , then a recreation center and an inn . +Desiring to fill the only remaining lack , he selected the best site on the ranch for a chapel and spared no expense in erecting it . +A visitor to the beautiful little building inquired , `` Do you belong to this church , Mr. Rancher '' ? ? +`` Why , no , ma'am '' , he replied , `` this church belongs to me '' ! ! +The story reflects the way too many people feel . +As long as the congregation regards the church as `` our '' church , or the minister thinks of it as `` my '' church , just so long the ecumenical movement will make no significant advance . +There must first be a deeper sense that the church belongs not to us but to Christ , and that it is His purpose , not our own interests and preferences , that determines what it is to be and do . +

+

Local embodiment of the whole +A local church which conceives its function to be entirely that of ministering to the conscious desires and concerns of its members tends to look on everything ecumenical as an extra , not as a normal aspect of its own life as a church . +It would doubtless be greatly surprised to be told that in failing to be ecumenical it is really failing to be the Church of Christ . +

+

Yet the truth , according to the New Testament , is that every local church has its existence only by being the embodiment of the whole church in that particular place . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f38.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f38.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..472c02f6d44d4ec67283179816b8bf4a58b0e842 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f38.xml @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +Sample F38 from Robert Smith, Baseball in America + New York: Holt, Rhinehart and Winston, Inc., Pp.199-200,202-204 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,152 words 37 (1.7%) quotes 1 symbolF38

Copyright 1961 by Robert Smith.

Robert Smith, Baseball in America + New York: Holt, Rhinehart and Winston, Inc., Pp.199-200,202-204 +

Arbitrary No Hyphen: payday [0320] weekends [1510]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Yet a crowd came out to see some fresh kids from the city try to match the boys from the neighboring farms ; ; +and buggies and wagons and chugging Fords kept gathering all morning , until the edges of the field were packed thick and small boys kept scampering out on the playing field to make fun of the visitors -- whose pitcher was a formidable looking young man with the only baseball cap . +

+

This was a bitterly fought game , carrying almost as much grudge as a fist fight , with no friendliness exhibited between the teams except the formal politeness that accompanied the setting forth of ground rules and agreements on balls that went into the crowd . +Every pitch in the game brought forth a howl from the enraptured audience and every fly ball the visitors dropped ( and because their right fielder was still a little fuzzy from drink , they dropped many ) called forth yelps of derision . +

+

At one point in the game when the skinny old man in suspenders who was acting as umpire got in the way of a thrown ball and took it painfully in the kidneys , he lay there unattended while players and spectators wrangled over whether the ball was `` dead '' or the base runners were free to score . +

+

This was typical of such games , which were earnestly played to win and practically never wound up in an expression of good fellowship . +When the visitors , after losing this game , rode along the village streets toward home , the youngsters who could keep abreast of them for a moment or two screamed triumphantly , `` You bunch of hay-shakers ! ! +G'ahn back home ! ! +You hay-shakers '' ! ! +

+

Baseball was surely the national game in those days , even though professional baseball may have been merely a business . +Radio broadcasts had not begun and most devotees of baseball attended the games near home , in the town park or a pasture , with perhaps two or three trips to the city each season to see the Cubs or the Pirates or the Indians or the Red Sox . +

+

Young men in school could look forward to playing ball for money in a dozen different places , even if they failed to make the major leagues . +Nearly any lad with a modicum of skill might find a payday awaiting him in the Three I League , or the Pony League , or the Coastal Plains League , or the fast Eastern League , if not indeed in one of the hundreds of city leagues that abounded everywhere . +Even a city of thirty thousand might have six baseball teams , sponsored by grocers and hardware merchants or department stores , that played two or three times a week throughout the summer , usually in the cool of the evening , before an earnest and partisan audience who did not begrudge a quarter each , or even more , to be dropped into a hat when the game was half over . +

+

Babe Ruth , of course , was everyone's hero , and everyone knew him , even though relatively few ever saw him play ball . +His face was always in the newspapers , sometimes in cartoons that seemed nearly as large as life . +As the twenties grew older , and as radio broadcasts of baseball games began to involve more and more people daily in the doings of the professionals , the great hitters ( always led by Babe Ruth ) overshadowed the game so that pitchers were nearly of no account . +Boys no longer bothered learning to bunt and even school kids scorned to `` choke up '' on a bat as Willie Keeler and the famous hitters of another day had done . +

+

Other hitters bloomed with more or less vigor in the news and a few even dared to dream of matching Ruth , who was still called Jidge by all his friends , or Leo or Two-Head by those who dared to taunt him ( Leo was the name of the ball player he liked the least ) and who called most of the world `` Kid '' . +Lou Gehrig was given the nickname Buster , and he ran Ruth a close race in home runs . +But the nickname never stuck and Gehrig was no match for Ruth in `` color '' -- which is sometimes a polite word for delinquent behavior on and off the field . +Ruth was a delinquent boy still , but he was in every way a great ball player who was out to win the game and occasionally risked a cracked bone to do it . +

+

A few professional baseball players cultivated eccentricities , with the encouragement of the press , so that they might see their names in big black print , along with Daddy Browning's , Al Capone's , Earl Sande's , and the Prince of Wales' . +One who , for a time , succeeded best and was still the sorriest of all was Charles Arthur Shires , who called himself , in the newspapers , Art the Great , or The Great Shires . +It was his brag that he could beat everybody at anything , but especially at fighting , and he once took on the manager of his club and worked him over thoroughly with his fists . +He was given to public carousing and to acting the clown on the diamond ; ; +and a policeman asserted he had found a pair of brass knuckles in Art's pocket once when he had occasion to collar the Great First Baseman for some forgotten reason . +( This made a sportswriter named Pegler wonder in print if Art had worn this armament when he defeated his manager . +) The sorry fact about this young man , who was barely of age when he broke into major-league baseball , was that he really was a better ball player than he was given credit for being -- never so good as he claimed , and always an irritant to his associates , but a good steady performer when he could fight down the temptation to orate on his skills or cut up in public . +

+

In his minor way Charles Arthur Shires was perhaps more typical of his era than Ruth was , for he was but one of many young men who laid waste their talents in these Scott Fitzgerald days for the sake of earning space in the newspapers . +There were others who climbed flagpoles and refused to come down ; ; +or who ingested strange objects , like live fish ; ; +or who undertook to set records for remaining erect on a dance floor , with or without a partner ; ; +or who essayed to down full bottles of illicit gin without pausing for breath . +One young man , exhilarated to the point of insanity by liquor and the excitement of the moment , performed a perfect swan dive out of the stands at the Yale Bowl during the Yale-Army football game , landed squarely on his head on the concrete ramp below , and died at once . +

+

But the twenties were not all insanity and a striving after recognition . +The business of baseball began to prosper along with other entertainments , and performers -- thanks partly to George Herman Ruth's spectacular efforts each season to run his salary higher and higher -- prospered too . +While fifty years before , Albert Goodwill Spalding , secretary of the Chicago Ball Club of the National League , could write earnestly to the manager of the Buffalo club and request a guarantee of one hundred dollars for a baseball game in August , in this Golden Era a game at the Yankee Stadium might bring in nearly a hundred thousand dollars at the gate . +And while less than ten years earlier the wayward Black Sox -- all of them top performers in their positions -- had toiled for stingy Charles Comiskey at salaries ranging from twenty-five hundred dollars to forty-five hundred dollars a year , stars now were asking ten thousand dollars , twenty thousand dollars , yes , even fifty thousand dollars a season . +

+

The greatest team of this period was unquestionably the New York Yankees , bought by brewery millions and made into a ball club by men named Ed Barrow and Miller Huggins . +Boston fans sometimes liked to wring some wry satisfaction out of the fact that most of the great 1923-27 crew were graduates of the Red Sox -- sold to millionaires Huston and Ruppert by a man who could not deny them their most trifling desire . +Ruth himself , still owning his farm in Massachusetts and an interest in the Massachusetts cigar business that printed his round boyish face on the wrappers , had led the parade down from Fenway Park , followed by pitchers Carl Mays , Leslie `` Joe '' Bush , Waite Hoyt , Herb Pennock , and Sam Jones , catcher Wally Schang , third baseman Joe Dugan ( who completed the `` playboy trio '' of Ruth , Dugan , and Hoyt ) , and shortstop Everett Scott . +By 1926 , when the mighty Yanks were at their mightiest , only a few of these were left but they still shone brightest , even beside able and agile rookies like Tony Lazzeri ( who managed never to have one of his epileptic fits on the field ) , Mark Koenig , Lou Gehrig , George Pipgras , and gray-thatched Earl Combs . +The deeds of this team , through two seasons and in the two World's Series that followed , have been written and talked about until hardly a word is left to be said . +But there is one small episode that a few New York fans who happened to sit in the cheap seats for one World's Series game in 1926 like best to recall . +Babe Ruth , as he always did in the Stadium , played right field to avoid having the sun in his eyes , and Tommy Thevenow , a rather mediocre hitter who played shortstop for the St. Louis Cardinals , knocked a ball with all his might into the sharp angle formed by the permanent stands and the wooden bleachers , where Ruth could not reach it . +The ball lay there , shining white on the grass in view of nearly every fan in the park while Ruth , red-necked with frustration , charged about the small patch of ground screaming , `` Where's the -- -ing ball '' ? ? +But , as he snarled unhappily when the inning was over , `` not a sonofabitch in the place would tell me '' , so little Tommy ran all the way home . +

+

The ordinary man and woman , however , saw little of the great professional games of those Golden Days , or of any other sporting event for that matter . +Promoters always hastened to place their choice tickets in the hands of the wealthy speculators , and only the man who knew the man who knew the fellow who had an in with the guy at the box office ever came up with a good seat for a contest of any importance . +Radio broadcasts , however -- now that even plain people could afford `` loud speakers '' on their sets -- held old fans to the major-league races and attracted new ones , chiefly women , who through what the philosopher called the ineluctable modality of audition , became first inured , then attracted , then addicted to the long afternoon recitals of the doings in some distant baseball park . +

+

In some cities games were broadcast throughout the week and then on weekends the announcer was silenced , and fans must needs drive to the city from all the broadcast area to discover how their heroes were faring . +This had a pleasant effect upon the Sunday gate receipts as well as upon the intake of the rail and bus companies , some of which began to offer special excursion rates , including seats at the park , just as the trolley and ferry companies had when baseball was new . +

+

While women had always attended ball games in small numbers ( it was the part of a `` dead game sport '' in the early years of the twentieth century to be taken out to the ball park and to root , root , root for the home team ) , they had often sat in patient martyrdom , unable even to read the scoreboard , which sometimes seemed to indicate that one team led another by a score of three hundred and eighty to one hundred and fifty-one . +The questions women asked at baseball games were standard grist for amateur comedy , as were the doings of women automobile drivers ; ; +for every grown man ( except a few who were always suspected of being shy on virility ) knew at least the fundamentals of baseball , just as every male American in this era liked to imagine ( or pretend ) that he could fight with his fists . +And women were not expected to know that the pitcher was trying not to let the batter hit the ball . +

+

Radio , however , so increased the interest of women in the game that it was hardly necessary even to have `` Ladies' Days '' any longer to enable men to get to the ball park without interference at home . +Women actually began to appear unaccompanied in the stands , where they still occasionally ran the risk of coming home with a tobacco-juice stain on a clean skirt or a new curse word tingling their ears . +

+

The radio broadcasts themselves were often so patiently informative , despite the baseball jargon , that girls and women could begin to store up in their minds the same sort of random and meaningless statistics that small boys had long learned better than they ever did their lessons in school . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f39.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f39.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e0a034e82fa76165dc509d971a6ca5bc5aa8a63 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f39.xml @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +Sample F39 from Clark E. Vincent, Unmarried Mothers + New York: The Free Press of Glencoe, Inc., 1961. Pp. 254-261 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,077 words 50 (2.4%) quotes 1 symbolF39

Used by permission0010-2060

 Clark E. Vincent, Unmarried Mothers + New York: The Free Press of Glencoe, Inc., 1961. Pp. 254-261 +

Arbitrary Hyphen: long-term [0130]Typographical Errors:Erickson [for Erikson] [0470] carreer [1130]again [for against] [1780]consderation [1500]Lohman [Loman] [1800]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

This conclusion is dependent on the assumption that traditional sex mores will continue to sanction both premarital chastity as the `` ideal '' , and the double standard holding females primarily responsible for preserving the ideal . +

+

Our discussion of this involves using Erik Erikson's schema of `` identity vs. identity diffusion '' as a conceptual tool in superimposing a few common denominators onto the diverse personality and family configurations of the unwed mothers from whose case histories we quoted earlier . +Our discussion does not utilize all the identity crises postulated by Erikson , but is intended to demonstrate the utility of his theoretical schema for studying unwed mothers . +We hope thereby to emphasize that , from a psychological standpoint , the effectual prevention of illegitimacy is a continuous long-term process involving the socialization of the female from infancy through adolescence . +

+

Hypothesizing a series of developmental stages that begin in the individual's infancy and end in his old age , Erikson has indicated that the adolescent is faced with a series of identity crises . +The successful and positive resolution of these crises during adolescence involves an epigenetic principle -- during adolescence , the individual's positive resolutions in each area of identity crisis depend , to a considerable degree , on his already having resolved preliminary and preparatory identity crises during his infancy , childhood , and early adolescence . +Within Erikson's schema , the adolescent's delinquent behavior -- in this case , her unwed motherhood -- reflects her `` identity diffusion '' , or her inability to resolve these various identity crises positively . +

+

The adolescent experiences identity crises in terms of time perspective vs. time diffusion . +Time perspective -- the ability to plan for the future and to postpone gratifying immediate wants in order to achieve long-range objectives -- is more easily developed if , from infancy on , the individual has been able to rely on and trust people and the world in which she lives . +Erikson has noted that , unless this trust developed early , the time ambivalence experienced , in varying degree and temporarily , by all adolescents ( as a result of their remembering the more immediate gratification of wants during childhood , while not yet having fully accepted the long-range planning required by adulthood ) may develop into a more permanent sense of time diffusion . +Experience of this time diffusion ranges from a sense of utter apathy to a feeling of desperate urgency to act immediately . +

+

These polar extremes in time diffusion were indicated in some of the comments by unwed mothers reported in earlier chapters . +Some of these mothers , apparently feeling a desperate urgency , made , on the spur of the moment , commitments , in love and sex , that would have life-long consequences . +Others displayed utter apathy and indifference to any decision about the past or the future . +For many of these unwed mothers , the data on their family life and early childhood experiences revealed several indications and sources of their basic mistrust of their parents in particular and of the world in general . +

+

However , as Erickson has noted , the individual's failure to develop preliminary identities during infancy and childhood need not be irreversibly deterministic with respect to a given area of identity diffusion in his ( or her ) adolescence . +And , as shown in Chapter 6 , , some SNP females originally developed such trust only during their adolescence , through the aid of , and their identification with , alter-parents . +In the specific case of time diffusion , we must emphasize the significance of the earlier development of mistrust when it is combined with the inevitable time crisis experienced by most ( if not all ) adolescents in our society , and with the failure of the adolescent period to provide opportunities for developing trust . +

+

The adolescent experiences two closely related crises : self-certainty vs. an identity consciousness ; ; +and role-experimentation vs. negative identity . +A sense of self-certainty and the freedom to experiment with different roles , or confidence in one's own unique behavior as an alternative to peer-group conformity , is more easily developed during adolescence if , during early childhood , the individual was permitted to exercise initiative and encouraged to develop some autonomy . +

+

However , if the child has been constantly surrounded , during nursery and early school age , by peer groups ; ; +inculcated with the primacy of group acceptance and group standards ; ; +and allowed little initiative in early play and work patterns -- then in adolescence her normal degree of vanity , sensitivity , and preoccupation with whether others find her appearance and behavior acceptable , will be compounded . +Her ostensible indifference to and rebellion against suggestions and criticisms by anyone except peer friends during adolescence are the manifestations , in her adolescence , of her having been indoctrinated in childhood to feel shame , if not guilt , for failing to behave in a manner acceptable to , and judged by , the performance of her nursery- and elementary-school peer friends . +To be different is to invite shame and doubt ; ; +and it is better to be shamed and criticized by one's parents , who already consider one different and difficult to understand , than by one's peers , who are also experiencing a similar groping for and denial of adult status . +

+

The attitudes of some unwed mothers quoted in Chapter 2 , , revealed both considerable preoccupation with being accepted by others and a marked absence of self-certainty . +Many appeared to regard their sexual behavior as a justifiable means of gaining acceptance from and identification with others ; ; +but very few seemed aware that such acceptance and identification need to be supplemented with more enduring and stable identification of and with one's self . +

+

Another identity crisis confronting the adolescent involves anticipation of achievement vs. work-paralysis . +The adolescent's capacity to anticipate achievement and to exercise the self-discipline necessary to complete tasks successfully depends on the degree to which he or she developed autonomy , initiative , and self-discipline during childhood . +The developmental process involves the individual's progressively experiencing a sense of dignity and achievement resulting from having completed tasks , having kept commitments , and having created something ( however small or simple -- even a doll dress of one's own design rather than in the design `` it ought to be '' ) . +These childhood experiences are sources of the self-certainty that the adolescent needs , for experimenting with many roles , and for the freedom to fail sometimes in the process of exploring and discovering her skills and abilities . +

+

If she has not had such experiences , the female's normal adolescent degree of indecision will be compounded . +She may well be incapacitated by it when she is confronted with present and future alternatives -- e.g. , whether to prepare primarily for a career or for the role of a homemaker ; ; +whether to stay financially dependent on her parents or help support herself while attending school ; ; +whether to pursue a college education or a job after high school ; ; +and whether to attend this or that college and to follow this or that course of study . +Erikson has noted that , as this indecision mounts , it may result in a `` paralysis of workmanship '' . +This paralysis may be expressed in the female's starting -- and never completing -- many jobs , tasks , and courses of study ; ; +and in the fact that she bases her decisions about work , college , carreer , and studies on what others are doing , rather than on her own sense of identity with given skills , abilities , likes , and dislikes . +The absence , during her childhood and early adolescence , of experiences in developing the self-discipline to complete tasks within her ability -- experiences that would have been subsequent sources of anticipation of achievement -- and her lack of childhood opportunities to practice autonomy and initiative in play and expression , both tend in her adolescence to deprive her of the freedoms to role-experiment and to fail occasionally in experimenting . +

+

The comments made by some unwed mothers ( quoted in Chapter 2 ) ) reflect this paralysis of workmanship . +They attended school and selected courses primarily on the basis of decisions others made ; ; +they accepted a job primarily because it was available , convenient , and paid reasonably . +These things both express and , at the same time , continue contributing to , their identity diffusion in an area that could have become a source of developing dignity and self-certainty . +As their identity diffusion increased , they became more susceptible to sporadic diversions in love and sexual affairs . +These affairs temporarily relieved the monotony of school or work activities containing no anticipation of achievement and joy of craftsmanship , no sense of dignity derived from a job well done . +

+

Childhood experiences in learning work and self-discipline habits within a context of developing autonomy and initiative have considerable significance for the prevention of illegitimacy . +The excerpts from case histories presented above confirm this significance , though through different facets of experience . +For example , some unwed mothers had had no work experiences , household chores , and responsibilities during childhood and early adolescence ; ; +they subsequently occupied their leisure hours in searching for something exciting and diverting . +Sex was both . +On the other hand , some unwed mothers had had so much work and responsibility imposed on them at an early age , and had thus had so little freedom or opportunity to develop autonomy and initiative , that their work and responsibilities became dull and unrewarding burdens -- to be escaped and rebelled against through fun and experimentation with forbidden sexual behavior . +

+

The adolescent also faces the identity crisis that Erikson has termed ideological polarization vs. diffusion of ideals . +In discussing the ways this crisis is germane to consderations for the prevention of illegitimacy , we shall again superimpose Erikson's concept on our data . +

+

Adolescents have a much-discussed tendency to polarize ideas and values , to perceive things as `` either-or '' , black or white -- nuances of meaning are relatively unimportant . +This tendency is , perhaps , most clearly revealed in the literature on religious conversions and experiences of adolescents . +Erikson has postulated that such ideological polarization temporarily resolves their search for something stable and definite in the rapidly changing and fluctuating no-man's-land between childhood and adulthood . +It provides identification -- with an idea , a value , a cause that cuts through , or even transcends , the multiple and ambivalent identities of their passage from child to adult , and permits their forceful and overt expression of emotion . +

+

The positive development , during adolescence , of this capacity to think and to feel strongly and with increasing independence , and to identify overtly either with or against given ideas , values , and practices , depends to a considerable degree on both previous and present opportunities for developing autonomy , initiative , and self-certainty . +Most adolescents have some ideological diffusion at various developmental stages , as they experience a proliferation of ideas and values . +The diffusion is most pronounced and most likely to become fixed , however , in those who have had no or very minimal opportunities to develop the autonomy and initiative that could have been directed into constructive expression and so served as sources of developing self-certainty . +

+

A pronounced ideological diffusion -- i.e. , inability to identify independently with given ideas and value systems -- is reflected in many ways . +For example , it is evinced by the adolescent ( or adult ) whose beliefs and actions represent primarily his rebellion and reaction against the ideas and behavior patterns of others , rather than his inner conviction and choice . +It is mirrored by the individual Willie Lohmans , whose ideas and behavior patterns are so dependent and relativistic that they always coincide with those of the individual or group present and most important at the moment . +In another sense , it is represented in the arguments of the `` true believers '' who seek to disprove the validity of all other beliefs and ideas in order to retain confidence in theirs . +

+

The case histories provide some interesting illustrations of ideological diffusion , embodied in the unwed mother's inability to identify independently a given value system or behavior pattern , , and her subsequent disinclination to assume any individual responsibility for her sexual behavior . +For example , the unwed mothers expressed their frustration with males who did not indicate more explicitly `` what it is they really want from a girl so one can act accordingly '' . +They were disappointed by the physical and emotional hurt of premarital sexual intercourse . +They condemned the movie script writers for implying that sex was enjoyable and exhilarating . +They criticized parents for never having emphasized traditional concepts of right and wrong ; ; +and they censured parents who `` never disciplined and were too permissive '' or who `` never explained how easy it was to get pregnant '' . +

+

In the adult world , there are a number of rather general and diffuse sources of ideological diffusion that further compound the adolescent's search for meaning during this particular identity crisis . +For example , some contemporary writing tends to fuse the `` good guys '' and the `` bad guys '' , to portray the weak people as heroes and weakness as a virtue , and to explain ( or even justify ) asocial behavior by attributing it to deterministic psychological , familial , and social experiences . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/f47.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/f47.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d52e7dc79e2e269cb71aaab04857b3cf04b87f49 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/f47.xml @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +Sample F47 from Clara L. Simerville, Home Visits Abroad. + Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 1961. Pp. 62-66 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,045 words 4 (0.2%) quotes 1 symbolF47

Used by permission0010-1720

 Clara L. Simerville, Home Visits Abroad. + Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 1961. Pp. 62-66 +

Typographical Error: diety [0300]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The deep water is used by many people , but it is always clean , for the washing is done outside . +I know now why our Japanese friends were surprised when they walked into our bathroom . +

+

Of course , most toilets are Eastern style -- at floor level -- but even when they are raised to chair height , they are actually outside toilets -- inside . +A few newer homes have Western flush toilets , but even with running water , they are usually Eastern style . +

+

The next day I visited International Christian College which has developed since the war under the leadership of people who were interned and who know Japan well . +They are trying to demonstrate some different ways of teaching and learning . +The library has open shelves even in the unbound periodical stockroom . +Spiritual life is cultivated , but students do not need to be Christian . +They have an enviable record of being able to place in employment 100% of their graduates . +

+

In the afternoon Miss Hosaka and her mother invited me to go with them and young Mrs. Kodama to see the famous Spring dances of the Geisha dancers . +Mrs. Hosaka is one of the Japanese women one reads about -- beautiful , artistically talented , an artful manager of her big household -- ( four boys and four girls ) , and yet looking like a pampered , gentle Japanese woman . +She was a real experience ! ! +The dances were as beautiful as anything I have ever seen -- they rival the New York Rockettes for scenery and precision as well as imagination . +

+

Because Don was leaving the next day , I spent the evening with him at Asia Center . +The following morning Mr. Morikawa called for me , and we went to visit schools -- kindergarten , middle-school , elementary school , and high school -- Mr. Yoshimoto's school . +There is much more freedom in the schools here than I expected -- some think too much . +

+

There is a great deal of thought being given to the question of moral education in the schools . +With the loss of the Emperor diety in Japan , the people are left in confusion with no God or moral teachings that have strength . +The older parents continued to teach their children traditional principles , but the younger people , who have lost all faith and convictions , are now parents . +There seems to be no purpose in life that is sure -- no certain guiding principles to give stability . +As a result , money is spent quickly and freely , with no thought of its value . +Gambling is everywhere , especially among students . +Parents indulge their children . +

+

The government has recognized the dilemma and is beginning to devise some moral education for the schools -- but the teachers often have no firm conviction and are confused . +I was told that it is quite likely that Japanese soldiers would not fight again -- for why should they ? ? +It will be painful , but interesting , to see what kind of a god these people will create or what strong convictions they will develop . +

+

In the evening the former Oregon State science teachers met for dinner at the New Tokyo Restaurant where I had my first raw fish and found it good . +They suggested several new foods , and usually I found them good , except the sweets , which I think I could learn to like . +Six of the science teachers were present , and we had great fun . +

+

Kyoto +After a day at Nikko , Mrs. Kodama put me on the train for Kyoto . +My instructions were that Mr. Nishimo would meet me at the hotel , but instead he and three others were at the station with a very warm welcome . +My hotel rooms on the trip were arranged by Masu and the Japan Travel Bureau and were more elegant than I would have chosen , but it was fun for once to be elegant -- I did explain to the students , however , that this was not my usual style , for their salaries are very small , and it seemed out of place for me to be housed so well . +They understood and teased me a bit about it . +

+

I think I would have been much disappointed in Japan if I had not seen Kyoto , Nara , and Hiroshima . +Kyoto is the ancient capital of Japan and still its cultural center . +It , along with Nara , was untouched by the war -- and is now a beautiful example of the loveliness of prewar Japan . +Here I was accompanied by Mrs. Okamoto ( Fumio's mother ) , her son , Mr. Washizu ( a prospective student with whom I have been corresponding for more than a year ) , and Mr. Nishima , one of the science teachers . +I arrived at 7:00 a.m. and by 9:00 a.m. I had finished breakfast and was on my way to see what they had planned . +We walked miles and saw various shrines and gardens . +We visited the Okamoto home -- where for the first time I saw the famous tea ceremony . +At 6:00 p.m. we went to the Kyoto Spring dances at the place where these beautiful dances originated . +They were even better than those of Tokyo -- more spectacular and more imaginative . +

+

After a supper of unagi ( rice with eel -- eel which is raised in an ice-cold pond at the foot of Mt. Fuji ) , I returned to my beautiful room to sleep as hard as possible to be ready for another busy day . +We started at 9 a.m. to visit the Kyoto University where Mr. Washizu is attending . +I was amazed at the very poor hospital facilities accompanying the medical school . +They apologized for the condition , including dirt and flies , and I was a little at a loss to know what to say . +There seemed to be no excuse ? ? +I don't have the answer yet . +

+

We had tea at Mr. Washizu's home where I learned that he , too , comes from a very wealthy family . +His grandfather is a Buddhist priest ; ; +and he , being the eldest , was supposed to be a priest , but he chose to do differently , and one of his brothers is to become the priest . +This is a significant fact in Japan , for only a few years ago he would have had no choice . +In his big home live four families and thirty people , so it needs to be big . +Also , there are housed here some priceless historical treasures from 400 to 600 years old -- paintings , lacquer , brocade , etc. . +He had displayed more of them than usual so that I could enjoy them . +About 100 of the most important items he had already given to the museum . +The house itself is 400 years old with all the craftsmanship of older , less-hurried times . +

+

Nara , Osaka , and Hiroshima +Mr. Nishima went with me on the train to Nara . +We passed his house and school on the way . +In Nara I stayed at the hotel where the Prince and Princess had stayed on their honeymoon . +A new red carpet had been laid for their coming , but I walked on it , too . +Here Mr. Yoneda met us after a three-hour train trip from the town where he teaches . +Even though we had walked miles in Kyoto that day , we started out again to see Nara at night . +

+

In the evening both of the men went with me on the train 30 miles to Osaka to put me on the train for Hiroshima . +Again the plan was for me to go alone , but they wouldn't let me . +At Osaka , Mr. Yoneda had to leave us to get the train to his home , but Mr. Nishima and I had an hour and a half before train time to see Osaka at night . +It is the second largest city in Japan , with about four million people . +One spot in Osaka I shall always remember -- the bridge where we stood to watch the reflections of the elaborate neon signs in the still waters of the river . +In the midst of a great busy city , people take time to enjoy the beauty of natural reflection of artificial light . +

+

My train arrived in Hiroshima at the awful hour of 4:45 a.m. . +I had planned to go to the hotel by taxi and sleep a little , after which Mr. Uno would arrive and pilot me around . +But there he was at the train with an Oregon State pennant in his hand . +

+

I know now why the students insisted that I go to Hiroshima even when I told them I didn't want to . +They knew that I was still grieving over the tragic event , and they felt that if I could see the recovery and the spirit of the people , who hold no grudge , but who also regret Pearl Harbor , I would be happier and would understand better a new Japan . +There were no words to say this but there was no need . +

+

The teachers of Mr. Uno's school gave me a small gift to thank me for coming . +Hiroshima is a better city than it was before -- in the minds of the people I met was a strong determination for peace and understanding . +I was grateful for their insight into my need for this experience . +A better world may yet come out of Hiroshima . +

+

Tokyo +On arriving in Tokyo later we were met by Masu who took us immediately to her university , the Japanese Women's University . +This day was `` Open House for Parents '' day , and the girls were busy preparing exhibits and arranging tea tables . +Everything was in an exciting turmoil -- full of anticipation and fun . +

+

It was thrilling to see the effect of an American-trained teacher on Japanese students in a class in Home Planning . +Our Masu is one of the very few architects in Japan who is trying to plan homes around family functions and women's needs . +I am told the time will soon come when women will find it necessary to do most of their own work , and even now it is important to have conveniences for the use of servants . +Many of the features of the homes are the latest modern devices in American homes , but an interesting blend of cultures finds us using Japanese artfulness in our own Western architecture at the same time that the Japanese are adopting Western utility patterns . +

+

At this Women's University we find a monument to a courageous family who believed that Japanese women also should be educated . +Even today there are some doubts about the value of education for Japanese women , but this University continues to grow and to send its students out into the community . +Active alumnae have built a fine building on the campus where members can come and stay for a few days or longer and where they can have their social gatherings and professional meetings . +As far as I am concerned there is continuous piling up of evidence that the creative fresh ideas which are needed in the world are going to be found by educated women unafraid to break traditions . +

+

Masu is also teaching in a municipally-sponsored school for Japanese widows in Tokyo . +Here the women learn to keep house as maids ; ; +they become skilled in cooking and cleaning and in receiving guests . +They learn how to take care of children and sick members of the family . +They have model kitchens , a sick room with a model patient in bed , and a nursery with a life-like doll . +Although the training is only for one month , it is intensive and thorough . +Graduates of this maid's school are much in demand and can always find work immediately . +Occasionally they return for additional training . +Masu's home economics training comes into play as she designs cupboards along modern functional lines for the storage of cleaning materials . +Masu also uses the training she got in an American home where she learned to polish furniture , clean corners , and work effectively in keeping a shiny house . +Her education in the United States , not just in a classroom , but also in an American house with an American housekeeper , stands her in good stead . +

+

University of Tokyo +After a fine luncheon in the cafeteria , the kitchen of which Masu had planned , Mr. Washizu and I left to meet representatives of the USIS for a visit to the University of Tokyo . +Here again it was vacation time and there were many things I could not see , but I was able to visit with a professor who is famous in Japanese circles and be guided through the grounds by his assistant . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g02.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g02.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d363a5c2bf93501edbbead8c3e0b55cea0649c74 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g02.xml @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +Sample G02 from Arthur S. Miller, "Toward a Concept of National Responsibility" + The Yale Review, LI:2 (December, 1961), 186-191 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,031 words 73 (3.6%) quotesG02

Used by permission0010-1930

 Arthur S. Miller, "Toward a Concept of National Responsibility" + The Yale Review, LI:2 (December, 1961), 186-191 +

Typographical Error: socal [1370]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

In the past , the duties of the state , as Sir Henry Maine noted long ago , were only two in number : internal order and external security . +By prevailing over other claimants for the loyalties of men , the nation-state maintained an adequate measure of certainty and order within its territorial borders . +Outside those limits it asserted , as against other states , a position of sovereign equality , and , as against the `` inferior '' peoples of the non-Western world , a position of dominance . +It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which , it is pertinent to remember , was coined by Bentham ) , a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena . +( That corpus of law was a reflection of the power system in existence during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries . +Speaking generally , it furthered -- and still tends to further -- the interests of the Western powers . +The enormous changes in world politics have , however , thrown it into confusion , so much so that it is safe to say that all international law is now in need of reexamination and clarification in light of the social conditions of the present era . +

+

Beyond the two basic tasks mentioned above , no attention was paid by statesman or scholar to an idea of state responsibility , either internally or externally . +This was particularly true in the world arena , which was an anarchical battleground characterized by strife and avaricious competition for colonial empires . +That any sort of duty was owed by his nation to other nations would have astonished a nineteenth-century statesman . +His duty was to his sovereign and to his nation , and an extension to peoples beyond the territorial boundaries was not to be contemplated . +Thus , to cite but one example , the Pax Britannica of the nineteenth century , whether with the British navy ruling the seas or with the City of London ruling world finance , was strictly national in motivation , however much other nations ( e.g. , the United States ) may have incidentally benefited . +At the same time , all suggestions that some sort of societal responsibility existed for the welfare of the people within the territorial state was strongly resisted . +Social Darwinism was able to stave off the incipient socialist movement until well into the present century . +

+

However , in recent decades , for what doubtless are multiple reasons , an unannounced but nonetheless readily observable shift has occurred in both facets of national activity . +A concept of responsibility is in process of articulation and establishment . +Already firmly implanted internally , it is a growing factor in external matters . +

+

A little more than twenty years ago the American people turned an important corner . +In what has aptly been called a `` constitutional revolution '' , the basic nature of government was transformed from one essentially negative in nature ( the `` night-watchman state '' ) to one with affirmative duties to perform . +The `` positive state '' came into existence . +For lawyers , reflecting perhaps their parochial preferences , there has been a special fascination since then in the role played by the Supreme Court in that transformation -- the manner in which its decisions altered in `` the switch in time that saved nine '' , President Roosevelt's ill-starred but in effect victorious `` Court-packing plan '' , the imprimatur of judicial approval that was finally placed upon social legislation . +Of greater importance , however , is the content of those programs , which have had and are having enormous consequences for the American people . +Labor relations have been transformed , income security has become a standardized feature of political platforms , and all the many facets of the American version of the welfare state have become part of the conventional wisdom . +A national consensus of near unanimity exists that these governmental efforts are desirable as well as necessary . +Ratified in the Republican Party victory in 1952 , the Positive State is now evidenced by political campaigns being waged not on whether but on how much social legislation there should be . +

+

The general acceptance of the idea of governmental ( i.e. , societal ) responsibility for the economic well-being of the American people is surely one of the two most significant watersheds in American constitutional history . +The other , of course , was the Civil War , the conflict which a century ago insured national unity over fragmentation . +A third , one of at least equal and perhaps even greater importance , is now being traversed : American immersion and involvement in world affairs . +

+

Internal national responsibility , now a truism , need not be documented . +Nevertheless , it may be helpful to cite one example -- that of employment -- for , as will be shown below , it cuts across both facets of the new concept . +Thirty years ago , while the nation was wallowing in economic depression , the prevailing philosophy of government was to stand aside and allow `` natural forces '' to operate and cure the distress . +That guiding principle of the Hoover Administration fell to the siege guns of the New Deal ; ; +less than a score of years later Congress enacted the Employment Act of 1946 , by which the national government assumed the responsibility of taking action to insure conditions of maximum employment . +Hands-off the economy was replaced by conscious guidance through planning -- the economic side of the constitutional revolution . +In 1961 the first important legislative victory of the Kennedy Administration came when the principle of national responsibility for local economic distress won out over a `` state's-responsibility '' proposal -- provision was made for payment for unemployment relief by nation-wide taxation rather than by a levy only on those states afflicted with manpower surplus . +The American people have indeed come a long way in the brief interval between 1930 and 1961 . +

+

Internal national responsibility is a societal response to the impact of the Industrial Revolution . +Reduced to its simplest terms , it is an assumption of a collective duty to compensate for the inability of individuals to cope with the rigors of the era . +National responsibility for individual welfare is a concept not limited to the United States or even to the Western nations . +A measure of its widespread acceptance may be derived from a statement of the International Congress of Jurists in 1959 . +Meeting in New Delhi under the auspices of the International Commission of Jurists , a body of lawyers from the free world , the Congress redefined and expanded the traditional Rule of Law to include affirmative governmental duties . +It is noteworthy that the majority of the delegates to the Congress were from the less developed , former colonial nations . +The Rule of Law , historically a principle according everyone his `` day in court '' before an impartial tribunal , was broadened substantively by making it a responsibility of government to promote individual welfare . +Recognizing that the Rule of Law is `` a dynamic concept which should be employed not only to safeguard the civil and political rights of the individual in a free society '' , the Congress asserted that it also included the responsibility `` to establish social , economic , educational and cultural conditions under which his legitimate aspirations and dignity may be realized '' . +The idea of national responsibility thus has become a common feature of the nations of the non-Soviet world . +For better or for worse , we all now live in welfare states , the organizing principle of which is collective responsibility for individual well-being . +

+

Whether a concept analogous to the principle of internal responsibility operates in a nation's external relations is less obvious and more difficult to establish . +The hypothesis ventured here is that it does , and that evidence is accumulating validating that proposition . +The content is not the same , however : rather than individual security , it is the security and continuing existence of an `` ideological group '' -- those in the `` free world '' -- that is basic . +External national responsibility involves a burgeoning requirement that the leaders of the Western nations so guide their decisions as to further the viability of other friendly nations . +If internal responsibility suggests acceptance of the socialist ideal of equality , then external responsibility implies adherence to principles of ideological supranationalism . +

+

Reference to two other concepts -- nationalism and sovereignty -- may help to reveal the contours of the new principle . +In its beginnings the nation-state had to struggle to assert itself -- internally , against feudal groups , and externally , against the power and influence of such other claimants for loyalty as the Church . +The breakup of the Holy Roman Empire and the downfall of feudalism led , not more than two centuries ago , to the surge of nationalism . +( Since the time-span of the nation-state coincides roughly with the separate existence of the United States as an independent entity , it is perhaps natural for Americans to think of the nation as representative of the highest form of order , something permanent and unchanging . +) The concept of nationalism is the political principle that epitomizes and glorifies the territorial state as the characteristic type of socal structure . +But it is more than that . +For it includes the emotional ties that bind men to their homeland and the complex motivations that hold a large group of people together as a unit . +Today , as new nations rise from the former colonial empires , nationalism is one of the hurricane forces loose in the world . +Almost febrile in intensity , the principle has become worldwide in application -- unfortunately at the very time that nationalist fervors can wreak greatest harm . +Historically , however , the concept is one that has been of marked benefit to the people of the Western civilizational group . +By subduing disparate lesser groups the nation has , to some degree at least , broadened the capacity for individual liberty . +Within their confines , moreover , technological and industrial growth has proceeded at an accelerated pace , thus increasing the cornucopia from which material wants can be satisfied . +While the pattern is uneven , some having gained more than others , nationalism has in fact served the Western peoples well . +( Whether historical nationalism helped the peoples of the remainder of the world , and whether today's nationalism in the former colonial areas has equally beneficial aspects , are other questions . +

+

It is one of the ironic quirks of history that the viability and usefulness of nationalism and the territorial state are rapidly dissipating at precisely the time that the nation-state attained its highest number ( approximately 100 ) . +But it is more than irony : one of the main reasons why nationalism is no longer a tenable concept is because it has spread throughout the planet . +In other words , nationalism worked well enough when it had limited application , both as to geography and as to population ; ; +it becomes a perilous anachronism when adopted on a world-wide basis . +

+

Complementing the political principle of nationalism is the legal principle of sovereignty . +The former receives its legitimacy from the latter . +Operating side by side , together they helped shore up the nation-state . +While sovereignty has roots in antiquity , in its present usage it is essentially modern . +Jean Bodin , writing in the sixteenth century , may have been the seminal thinker , but it was the vastly influential John Austin who set out the main lines of the concept as now understood . +Austin's nineteenth-century view of law and sovereignty still dominates much of today's legal and political thinking . +To him , law is the command of the sovereign ( the English monarch ) who personifies the power of the nation , while sovereignty is the power to make law -- i.e. , to prevail over internal groups and to be free from the commands of other sovereigns in other nations . +These fundamental ideas -- the indivisibility of sovereignty and its dual ( internal-external ) aspects -- still remain the core of that concept of ultimate political power . +

+

The nation-state , then , exemplifies the principle of nationalism and exercises sovereignty : supreme power over domestic affairs and independence from outside control . +In fact , however , both principles have always been nebulous and loosely defined . +High-level abstractions are always difficult to pin down with precision . +That is particularly true of sovereignty when it is applied to democratic societies , in which `` popular '' sovereignty is said to exist , and in federal nations , in which the jobs of government are split . +Nevertheless , nationalism and sovereignty are reputed , in the accepted wisdom , to describe the modern world . +Is there a different reality behind the facade ? ? +Does the surface hide a quite different picture ? ? +

+

The short answer to those questions is `` yes '' . +Both concepts are undergoing alteration ; ; +to some degree they are being supplanted by a concept of national responsibility . +As evidence to support that view , consider the following illustrative instances . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g03.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g03.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..364b7dde81095510b12f53815abf8fb61c52377a --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g03.xml @@ -0,0 +1,154 @@ +Sample G03 from Peter Wyden, "The Chances of Accidental War" + The Saturday Evening Post, June 3, 1961, 18-19, 60-61 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,057 words 105 (5.1%) quotes 22 symbolsG03

Copyright 1961 by The Curtis Publishing Company. Used by permission

 Peter Wyden, "The Chances of Accidental War" + The Saturday Evening Post, June 3, 1961, 18-19, 60-61 +

Note: preprepared [1110, 1630] 0010-1920

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Can thermonuclear war be set off by accident ? ? +What steps have been taken to guard against the one sort of mishap that could trigger the destruction of continents ? ? +Are we as safe as we should be from such a disaster ? ? +Is anything being done to increase our margin of safety ? ? +Will the danger increase or decrease ? ? +

+

I have just asked these questions in the Pentagon , in the White House , in offices of key scientists across the country and aboard the submarines that prowl for months underwater , with neat rows of green launch tubes which contain Polaris missiles and which are affectionately known as `` Sherwood Forest '' . +I asked the same questions inside the launch-control rooms of an Atlas missile base in Wyoming , where officers who wear sidearms are manning the `` commit buttons '' that could start a war -- accidentally or by design -- and in the command centers where other pistol-packing men could give orders to push such buttons . +

+

To the men in the instrument-jammed bomber cockpits , submarine compartments and the antiseptic , windowless rooms that would be the foxholes of tomorrow's impersonal intercontinental wars , the questions seem farfetched . +There is unceasing pressure , but its sources are immediate . +`` Readiness exercises '' are almost continuous . +Each could be the real thing . +

+

In the command centers there are special clocks ready to tick off the minutes elapsed since `` E hour '' . +`` E '' stands for `` execution '' -- the moment a `` go order '' would unleash an American nuclear strike . +There is little time for the men in the command centers to reflect about the implications of these clocks . +They are preoccupied riding herd on control panels , switches , flashing colored lights on pale green or gray consoles that look like business machines . +They know little about their machinery beyond mechanical details . +Accidental war is so sensitive a subject that most of the people who could become directly involved in one are told just enough so they can perform their portions of incredibly complex tasks . +

+

Among the policy makers , generals , physicists , psychologists and others charged with controlling the actions of the button pushers and their `` hardware '' , the answers to my questions varied partly according to a man's flair for what the professionals in this field call `` scenarios '' . +As an Air Force psychiatrist put it : `` You can't have dry runs on this one '' . +The experts are thus forced to hypothesize sequences of events that have never occurred , probably never will -- but possibly might . +Only one rule prevailed in my conversations with these men : The more highly placed they are -- that is , the more they know -- the more concerned they have become . +

+

Already accidental war is a silent guest at the discussions within the Kennedy Administration about the urgency of disarmament and nearly all other questions of national security . +Only recently new `` holes '' were discovered in our safety measures , and a search is now on for more . +Work is under way to see whether new restraining devices should be installed on all nuclear weapons . +

+

Meanwhile , the experts speak of wars triggered by `` false pre-emption '' , `` escalation '' , `` unauthorized behavior '' and other terms that will be discussed in this report . +They inhabit a secret world centered on `` go codes '' and `` gold phones '' . +Their conversations were , almost invariably , accompanied by the same gestures -- arms and pointed forefingers darting toward each other in arclike semicircular motions . +One arm represented our bombers and missiles , the other arm `` theirs '' . +Yet implicit in each movement was the death of millions , perhaps hundreds of millions , perhaps you and me -- and the experts . +

+

These men are not callous . +It is their job to think about the unthinkable . +Unanimously they believe that the world would become a safer place if more of us -- and more Russians and Communist Chinese , too -- thought about accidental war . +

+

The first systematic thinking about this Pandora's box within Pandora's boxes was done four years ago by Fred Ikle , a frail , meek-mannered Swiss-born sociologist . +He was , and is , with the RAND Corporation , a nonprofit pool of thinkers financed by the U.S. Air Force . +His investigations made him the Paul Revere of accidental war , and safety procedures were enormously increased . +

+

In recent weeks , as a result of a sweeping defense policy reappraisal by the Kennedy Administration , basic United States strategy has been modified -- and large new sums allocated -- to meet the accidental-war danger and to reduce it as quickly as possible . +

+

The chain starts at BMEWS ( Ballistic Missile Early Warning System ) in Thule , Greenland . +Its radar screens would register Soviet missiles shortly after they are launched against the United States . +BMEWS intelligence is simultaneously flashed to NORAD ( North American Air Defense Command ) in Colorado Springs , Colorado , for interpretation ; ; +to the SAC command and control post , forty-five feet below the ground at Offutt Air Force Base , near Omaha , Nebraska ; ; +to the Joint War Room of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the Pentagon and to the President . +

+

Telephones , Teletypes , several kinds of radio systems and , in some cases , television , link all vital points . +Alternate locations exist for all key command centers . +For last-ditch emergencies SAC has alternate command posts on KC-135 jet tankers . +Multiple circuits , routings and frequencies make the chain as unbreakable as possible . +

+

The same principle of `` redundancy '' applies to all communications on these special networks . +And no messages can be transmitted on these circuits until senders and receivers authenticate in advance , by special codes , that the messages actually come from their purported sources . +Additional codes can be used to challenge and counterchallenge the authentications . +

+

Only the President is permitted to authorize the use of nuclear weapons . +That's the law . +But what if somebody decides to break it ? ? +The President cannot personally remove the safety devices from every nuclear trigger . +He makes the momentous decision . +Hundreds of men are required to pass the word to the button pushers and to push the buttons . +What if one or more of them turn irrational or suddenly , coolly , decide to clobber the Russians ? ? +What if the President himself , in the language of the military , `` goes ape '' ? ? +Or singlehandedly decided to reverse national policy and hit the Soviets without provocation ? ? +

+

Nobody can be absolutely certain of the answers . +However , the system is designed , ingeniously and hopefully , so that no one man could initiate a thermonuclear war . +

+

Even the President cannot pick up his telephone and give a `` go '' order . +Even he does not know the one signal for a nuclear strike -- the `` go code '' . +In an emergency he would receive available intelligence on the `` gold-phone circuit '' . +A system of `` gold '' -- actually yellow -- phones connects him with the offices and action stations of the Secretary of Defense , the Joint Chiefs of Staff , the SAC commander and other key men . +All can be connected with the gold circuit from their homes . +All could help the President make his decision . +The talk would not be in code , but neither would it ramble . +Vital questions would be quickly answered according to a preprepared agenda . +Officers who participate in the continual practice drills assured me that the President's decision could be made and announced on the gold circuit within minutes after the first flash from Aj . +

+

If communications work , his decision would be instantly known in all command posts that would originate the actual go order . +For these centers , too , are on the gold circuit . +They include the Navy's Atlantic Command at Norfolk , Virginia , which is in contact with the Polaris subs ; ; +NATO headquarters in Europe ; ; +Air Force forward headquarters in Europe and in the Pacific , which control tactical fighters on ships and land bases ; ; +and SAC , which controls long-range bombers and Atlas missiles . +

+

Let us look in on one of these nerve centers -- SAC at Omaha -- and see what must still happen before a wing of B-52 bombers could drop their Aj . +

+

In a word , plenty . +The key man almost certainly would be Col. William W. Wisman , SAC's senior controller . +He or his deputy or one of their seven assistants , all full colonels , mans the heart of the command post twenty-four hours a day . +It is a quiet but impressive room -- 140 feet long , thirty-nine feet wide , twenty-one feet high . +Movable panels of floor-to-ceiling maps and charts are crammed with intelligence information . +And Bill Wisman , forty-three , a farmer's son from Beallsville , Ohio , is a quiet but impressive man . +His eyes are steady anchors of the deepest brown . +His movements and speech are precise , clear and quick . +No question ruffles him or causes him to hesitate . +

+

Wisman , who has had the chief controller's job for four years , calls the signals for a team operating three rows of dull-gray consoles studded with lights , switches and buttons . +At least a dozen men , some armed , are never far away from him . +In front of him is a gold phone . +In emergencies the SAC commander , Gen. Thomas Power , or his deputies and their staff would occupy a balcony that stretches across the length of the room above Wisman and his staff . +At General Power's seat in the balcony there is also a gold phone . +General Power would participate in the decision making . +Wisman , below , would listen in and act . +His consoles can give him instant contact with more than seventy bases around the world and with every SAC aircraft . +

+

He need only pick up one of the two red telephone receivers at his extreme left , right next to the big red button marked alert . +( There are two receivers in case one should be dropped and damaged . +

+

But Wisman , too , does not know the go code . +He must take it from `` the red box '' . +In point of fact , this is a beige box with a bright red door , about one and a half feet square and hung from the wall about six feet from the door to Wisman's right . +The box is internally wired so the door can never be opened without setting off a screeching klaxon ( `` It's real obnoxious '' ) . +

+

Now we must become vague , for we are approaching one of the nation's most guarded secrets . +The codes in the red box -- there are several of them covering various contingencies -- are contained in a sealed X-ray-proof `` unique device '' . +They are supplied , a batch at a time , by a secret source and are continually changed by Wisman or his staff , at random intervals . +

+

But even the contents of Wisman's box cannot start a war . +They are mere fragments , just one portion of preprepared messages . +What these fragments are and how they activate the go order may not be revealed . +The pieces must be placed in the context of the prepared messages by Wisman's staff . +In addition to the authentication and acknowledgment procedures which precede and follow the sending of the go messages , again in special codes , each message also contains an `` internal authenticator '' , another specific signal to convince the recipient that he is getting the real thing . +

+

I asked Wisman what would happen if he broke out the go codes and tried to start transmitting one . +`` I'd wind up full of bullet holes '' , he said , and there was no question that he was talking about bullets fired by his coworkers . +

+

Now let us imagine a wing of B-52's , on alert near their `` positive control ( or fail-safe ) points '' , the spots on the map , many miles from Soviet territory , beyond which they are forbidden to fly without specific orders to proceed to their targets . +They , too , have fragments of the go code with them . +As Wisman put it , `` They have separate pieces of the pie , and we have the whole pie . +Once we send out the whole pie , they can put their pieces into it . +Unless we send out the whole pie , their pieces mean nothing '' . +Why does Wisman's ever-changing code always mesh with the fragments in possession of the button pushers ? ? +The answer is a cryptographic secret . +At any rate , three men out of a six-man B-52 crew are required to copy down Wisman's go-to-war message . +Each must match Wisman's `` pie '' with the fragment that he carries with him . +All three must compare notes and agree to `` go '' . +

+

After that , it requires several minutes of concentrated work , including six separate and deliberate actions by a minimum of three men sitting at three separate stations in a bomber , each with another man beside him to help , for an armed bomb to be released . +Unless all gadgets are properly operated -- and the wires and seals from the handles removed first -- no damage can be done . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g05.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g05.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d3610c7ad7aae9480f6c65d9bc673d68ec2eb915 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g05.xml @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +Sample G05 from Terence O'Donnell, "Evenings at the Bridge" + Horizon, III:5 (May, 1961), 26-30 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,069 words 95 (4.6%) quotesG05

Copyright by American Horizon, Inc. Used by permission 0010-1730

 Terence O'Donnell, "Evenings at the Bridge" + Horizon, III:5 (May, 1961), 26-30 +

Note: obsolete spelling aromatick [0110] Persian words [0830, 1300, 1320]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

It was a fortunate time in which to build , for the seventeenth century was a great period in Persian art . +The architects , the tile and carpet makers , the potters , painters , calligraphers , and metalsmiths worked through Abbas's reign and those of his successors to enrich the city . +Travelers entering from the desert were confounded by what must have seemed an illusion : a great garden filled with nightingales and roses , cut by canals and terraced promenades , studded with water tanks of turquoise tile in which were reflected the glistening blue curves of a hundred domes . +At the heart of all of this was the square , which one such traveler declared to be `` as spacious , as pleasant and aromatick a Market as any in the Universe '' . +In time Isfahan came to be known as `` half the world '' , Isfahan nisf-i-jahan . +

+

In the early eighteenth century this fantastic city , then the size of London , started to decline . +The Afghans invaded ; ; +the Safavids fell from power ; ; +the capital went elsewhere ; ; +the desert encroached . +Isfahan became more of a legend than a place , and now it is for many people simply a name to which they attach their notions of old Persia and sometimes of the East . +They think of it as a kind of spooky museum in which they may half see and half imagine the old splendor . +

+

Those who actually get there find that it isn't spooky at all but as brilliant as a tile in sunlight . +But even for them it remains a museum , or perhaps it would be more accurate to say a tomb , a tomb in which Persia lies well preserved but indeed dead . +Everyone is ready to grant the Persians their history , but almost no one is willing to acknowledge their present . +It seems that for Persia , and especially for this city , there are only two times : the glorious past and the corrupt , depressing , sterile present . +The one apparent connection between the two is a score of buildings which somehow or other have survived and which naturally enough are called `` historical monuments '' . +

+

However , just as all the buildings have not fallen and flowed back to their original mud , so the values which wanted them and saw that they were built have not all disappeared . +The values and talents which made the tile and the dome , the rug , the poem and the miniature , continue in certain social institutions which rise above the ordinary life of this city , as the great buildings rise above blank walls and dirty lanes . +Often , too , the social institutions are housed in these pavilions and palaces and bridges , for these great structures are not simply `` historical monuments '' ; ; +they are the places where Persians live . +

+

The promenade , for example , continues to take place on the Chahar Bagh , a mile-long garden of plane and poplar trees that now serves as the city's principal street . +It takes place as well along the terraces and through the arcades of the Khaju bridge , and also in the gardens of the square . +On Fridays , the day when many Persians relax with poetry , talk , and a samovar , people do not , it is true , stream into Chehel Sotun -- a pavilion and garden built by Shah Abbas 2 , in the seventeenth century -- but they do retire into hundreds of pavilions throughout the city and up the river valley , which are smaller , more humble copies of the former . +And of course religious life continues to center in the more famous mosques , and commercial life -- very much a social institution -- in the bazaar . +Those three other great activities of the Persians , the bath , the teahouse , and the zur khaneh ( the latter a kind of club in which a leader and a group of men in an octagonal pit move through a rite of calisthenics , dance , chanted poetry , and music ) , do not take place in buildings to which entrance tickets are sold , but some of them occupy splendid examples of Persian domestic architecture : long , domed , chalk-white rooms with daises of turquoise tile , their end walls cut through to the orchards and the sky by open arches . +

+

But more important , and the thing which the casual traveler and the blind sojourner often do not see , is that these places and activities are often the settings in which Persians exercise their extraordinary aesthetic sensibilities . +Water , air , fruit , poetry , music , the human form -- these things are important to Persians , and they experience them with an intense and discriminating awareness . +

+

I should like , by the way , to make it clear that I am not using the word `` Persians '' carelessly . +I don't mean a few aesthetes who play about with sensations , like a young prince in a miniature dabbling his hand in a pool . +These things are important to almost all Persians and perhaps most important to the most ordinary . +The men crying love poems in an orchard on any summer's night are as often as not the lutihaw , mustachioed toughs who spend most of their lives in and out of the local prisons , brothels , and teahouses . +A few months ago it was a fairly typical landlord who in the dead of night lugged me up a mountainside to drink from a spring famous in the neighborhood for its clarity and flavor . +Not long ago an acquaintance , a slick-headed water rat of a lad up from the maw of the city , stood on the balcony puffing his first cigarette in weeks . +The air , he said , was just right ; ; +a cigarette would taste particularly good . +I really didn't know what he meant . +It was a nice day , granted . +But he knew ; ; +he sniffed the air and licked it on his lip and knew as a vintner knows a vintage . +

+

The natural world then , plus poetry and some kinds of art , receives from the most ordinary of Persians a great deal of attention . +The line of an eyebrow , the color of the skin , a ghazal from Hafiz , the purity of spring water , the long afternoon among the boughs which crowd the upper story of a pavilion -- these things are noticed , judged , and valued . +

+

Nowhere in Isfahan is this rich aesthetic life of the Persians shown so well as during the promenade at the Khaju bridge . +There has probably always been a bridge of some sort at the southeastern corner of the city . +For one thing , there is a natural belt of rock across the river bed ; ; +for another , it was here that one of the old caravan routes came in . +It was to provide a safe and spacious crossing for these caravans , and also to make a pleasance for the city , that Shah Abbas 2 , in about 1657 built , of sun-baked brick , tile , and stone , the present bridge . +It is a splendid structure . +From upstream it looks like a long arcaded box laid across the river ; ; +from downstream , where the water level is much lower , it is a high , elaborately facaded pavilion . +

+

The top story contains more than thirty alcoves separated from each other by spandrels of blue and yellow tile . +At either end and in the center there are bays which contain nine greater alcoves as frescoed and capacious as church apses . +Here , in the old days -- when they had come to see the moon or displays of fireworks -- sat the king and his court while priests , soldiers , and other members of the party lounged in the smaller alcoves between . +

+

Below , twenty vaults tunnel through the understructure of the bridge . +These are traversed by another line of vaults , and thus rooms , arched on all four sides , are formed . +Down through the axis of the bridge there is a long diminishing vista like a visual echo of piers and arches , while the vaults fronting upstream and down frame the sunset and sunrise , the mountains and river pools . +Here , on the hottest day , it is cool beneath the stone and fresh from the water flowing in the sluices at the bottom of the vaults . +

+

On the downstream , or `` pavilion '' , side these vaults give out onto terraces twice as wide as the bridge itself . +From the terraces -- eighteen in all -- broad flights of steps descend into the water or onto still more terraces barely above the level of the river . +Out of water , brick , and tile they have made far more than just a bridge . +

+

On spring and summer evenings people leave their shops and houses and walk up through the lanes of the city to the bridge . +It is a great spectacle . +The bridge itself rises up from the river , light-flared and enormous , like the outdoor set for an epic opera . +Crowds press along the terraces , down the steps , in and out of the arcades , massing against it as though it were a fortress under siege . +All kinds come to walk in the promenade : merchants from the bazaar bickering over a deal ; ; +a Bakhtiari khan in a cap and hacking jacket ; ; +dervishes who stand with the stillness of the blind , their eyes filmed with rheum and visions ; ; +the old Kajar princes arriving in their ancient limousines ; ; +students , civil servants , beggars , musicians , hawkers , and clowns . +Families go out to the edge of the terraces to sit on carpets around a samovar . +Below , people line the steps , as though on bleachers , to watch the sky and river . +Above , in the tiled prosceniums of the alcoves , boys sing the ghazals of Hafiz and Saadi , while at the very bottom , in the vaults , the toughs and blades of the city hoot and bang their drums , drink arak , play dice , and dance . +

+

Here in an evening Persians enjoy many of the things which are important to them : poetry , water , the moon , a beautiful face . +To a stranger their delight in these things may seem paradoxical , for Persians chase the golden calf as much as any people . +Many of them , moreover , are beginning to complain about the scarcity of Western amusements and to ridicule the old life of the bazaar merchant , the mullah , and the peasant . +Nonetheless , they take time out -- much time -- from the game of grab and these new Western experiments to go to the gardens and riverbanks . +Above all , they will stop in the middle of anything , anywhere , to hear or quote some poetry . +

+

Poetry in Persian life is far more than a common ground on which -- in a society deeply fissured by antagonisms -- all may stand . +It contains , in fact , their whole outlook on life . +And it is expressed , at least to their taste , in a perfect form . +Poetry for a Persian is nothing less than truth and beauty . +In most Western cultures today these twins have been sent away to the libraries and museums . +In Persia , where practically speaking there are no museums or libraries or , for that matter , hardly any books , the twins run free . +

+

It is perhaps difficult to conceive , but imagine that tonight on London bridge the Teddy boys of the East End will gather to sing Marlowe , Herrick , Shakespeare , and perhaps some lyrics of their own . +That , at any rate , is what happens at the Khaju bridge . +Boys and men go along the riverbank or to the alcoves in the top arcade . +Here in these little rooms -- or stages arched open to the sky and river -- they choose a few lines out of the hundreds they may know and sing them according to one of the modes into which Persian music is divided . +Each mode is believed to have a specific attribute -- one inducing pleasure , another generosity , another love , and so on , to include all of the emotions . +The singer simply matches the poem to a mode ; ; +for example , the mode of bravery to this anonymous folk poem : `` They brought me news that Spring is in the plains And Ahmad's blood the crimson tulip stains ; ; +Go , tell his aged mother that her son Fought with a thousand foes , and he was one '' . +Or the mode of love to this fragment by a recent poet : `` Know ye , fair folk who dwell on earth Or shall hereafter come to birth , That here , with dust upon his eyes , Iraj , the sweet-tongued singer , lies . +In this true lover's tomb interred A world of love lies sepulchred . +

+

These songs ( practically all Persian music , for that matter ) are limited to a range of two octaves . +Yet within this limitation there is an astonishing variety : design as intricate as that in the carpet or miniature , with the melodic line like the painted or woven line often flowing into an arabesque . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g11.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g11.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fcb5e6dbc63ed5007dfa809ea799571ad9549dbc --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g11.xml @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +Sample G11 from Frank Oppenheimer, "Science and Fear-- A Discussion of Some Fruits of +Scientific + Understanding, " The Centennial Review, 5:4 (Fall, 1961), 404-409 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,016 words 46 (2.3%) quotes 1 symbolG11

Used by permission0010-1780

 Frank Oppenheimer, "Science and Fear-- A Discussion of Some Fruits of +Scientific + Understanding, " The Centennial Review, 5:4 (Fall, 1961), 404-409 +

Typographical Errors: consitutional [0310]determing [1300]terrestial [0870]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

As cells coalesced into organisms , they built new `` unnatural '' and internally controlled environments to cope even more successfully with the entropy-increasing properties of the external world . +The useful suggestion of Professor David Hawkins which considers culture as a third stage in biological evolution fits quite beautifully then with our suggestion that science has provided us with a rather successful technique for building protective artificial environments . +One wonders about its applicability to people . +Will advances in human sciences help us build social structures and governments which will enable us to cope with people as effectively as the primitive combination of protein and nucleic acid built a structure of molecules which enabled it to adapt to a sea of molecular interaction ? ? +The answer is , of course , yes . +For the family is the simplest example of just such a unit , composed of people , which gives us both some immunity from , and a way of dealing with , other people . +Social invention did not have to await social theory any more than use of the warmth of a fire had to await Lavoisier or the buoyant protection of a boat the formulations of Archimedes . +But it has been during the last two centuries , during the scientific revolution , that our independence from the physical environment has made the most rapid strides . +We have ample light when the sun sets ; ; +the temperature of our homes is independent of the seasons ; ; +we fly through the air , although gravity pulls us down ; ; +the range of our voice ignores distance . +At what stage are social sciences then ? ? +Is the future of psychology akin to the rich future of physics at the time of Newton ? ? +There is a haunting resemblance between the notion of cause in Copernicus and in Freud . +And it is certainly no slight to either of them to compare both their achievements and their impact . +

+

Political theoretical understanding , although almost at a standstill during this century , did develop during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries , and resulted in a flood of inventions which increased the possibility for man to coexist with man . +Consitutional government , popular vote , trial by jury , public education , labor unions , cooperatives , communes , socialized ownership , world courts , and the veto power in world councils are but a few examples . +Most of these , with horrible exceptions , were conceived as is a ship , not as an attempt to quell the ocean of mankind , nor to deny its force , but as a means to survive and enjoy it . +The most effective political inventions seem to make maximum use of natural harbors and are aware that restraining breakwaters can play only a minor part in the whole scheme . +Just as present technology had to await the explanations of physics , so one might expect that social invention will follow growing sociological understanding . +We are desperately in the need of such invention , for man is still very much at the mercy of man . +In fact the accumulation of the hardware of destruction is day by day increasing our fear of each other . +

+

3 , +I want , therefore , to discuss a second and quite different fruit of science , the connection between scientific understanding and fear . +There are certainly large areas of understanding in the human sciences which in themselves and even without political invention can help to dispel our present fears . +Lucretius has remarked : `` The reason why all Mortals are so gripped by fear is that they see all sorts of things happening in the earth and sky with no discernable cause , and these they attribute to the will of God '' . +Perhaps things were even worse then . +It is difficult to reconstruct the primeval fears of man . +We get some clue from a few remembrances of childhood and from the circumstance that we are probably not much more afraid of people now than man ever was . +We are not now afraid of atomic bombs in the same way that people once feared comets . +The bombs are as harmless as an automobile in a garage . +We are worried about what people may do with them -- that some crazy fool may `` push the button '' . +

+

I am certainly not adequately trained to describe or enlarge on human fears , but there are certain features of the fears dispelled by scientific explanations that stand out quite clearly . +They are in general those fears that once seemed to have been amenable to prayer or ritual . +They include both individual fears and collective ones . +They arise in situations in which one believes that what happens depends not only on the external world , but also on the precise pattern of behavior of the individual or group . +Often it is recognized that all the details of the pattern may not be essential to the outcome but , because the pattern was empirically determined and not developed through theoretical understanding , one is never quite certain which behavior elements are effective , and the whole pattern becomes ritualized . +Yet often fear persists because , even with the most rigid ritual , one is never quite free from the uneasy feeling that one might make some mistake or that in every previous execution one had been unaware of the really decisive act . +To say that science had reduced many such fears merely reiterates the obvious and frequent statement that science eliminated much of magic and superstition . +But a somewhat more detailed analysis of this process may be illuminating . +

+

The frequently postulated antique worry that the daylight hours might dwindle to complete darkness apparently gave rise to a ritual and celebration which we still recognize . +It is curious that even centuries of repetition of the yearly cycle did not induce a sufficient degree of confidence to allow people to abandon the ceremonies of the winter solstice . +This and other fears of the solar system have disappeared gradually , first , with the Ptolemaic system and its built-in concept of periodicity and then , more firmly , with the Newtonian innovation of an universal force that could account quantitatively for both terrestial and celestial motions . +This understanding provides a very simple example of the fact that one can eliminate fear without instituting any controls . +In fact , although we have dispelled the fear , we have not necessarily assured ourselves that there are no dangers . +There is still the remote possibility of planetoid collision . +A meteor could fall on San Francisco . +Solar activities could presumably bring long periods of flood or drought . +Our understanding of the solar system has taught us to replace our former elaborate rituals with the appropriate action which , in this case , amounts to doing nothing . +Yet we no longer feel uneasy . +This almost trivial example is nevertheless suggestive , for there are some elements in common between the antique fear that the days would get shorter and shorter and our present fear of war . +We , in our country , think of war as an external threat which , if it occurs , will not be primarily of our own doing . +And yet we obviously also believe that the avoidance of the disaster depends in some obscure or at least uncertain way on the details of how we behave . +What elements of our behavior are decisive ? ? +Our weapons production , our world prestige , our ideas of democracy , our actions of trust or stubbornness or secrecy or espionage ? ? +We have staved off a war and , since our behavior has involved all these elements , we can only keep adding to our ritual without daring to abandon any part of it , since we have not the slightest notion which parts are effective . +

+

I think that we are here also talking of the kind of fear that a young boy has for a group of boys who are approaching at night along the streets of a large city . +If an automobile were approaching him , he would know what was required of him , even though he might not be able to act quickly enough . +With the group of boys it is different . +He does not know whether to look up or look aside , to put his hands in his pockets or to clench them at his side , to cross the street , or to continue on the same side . +When confronted with a drunk or an insane person I have no notion of what any one of them might do to me or to himself or to others . +I believe that what I do has some effect on his actions and I have learned , in a way , to commune with drunks , but certainly my actions seem to resemble more nearly the performance of a rain dance than the carrying out of an experiment in physics . +I am usually filled with an uneasiness that through some unwitting slip all hell may break loose . +Our inability to explain why certain people are fond of us frequently induces the same kind of ritual and malaise . +We are forced , in our behavior towards others , to adopt empirically successful patterns in toto because we have such a minimal understanding of their essential elements . +

+

Our collective policies , group and national , are similarly based on voodoo , but here we often lack even the empirically successful rituals and are still engaged in determing them . +We use terms from our personal experience with individuals such as `` trust '' , `` cheat '' , and `` get tough '' . +We talk about national character in the same way that Copernicus talked of the compulsions of celestial bodies to move in circles . +We perform elaborate international exhortations and ceremonies with virtually no understanding of social cause and effect . +Small wonder , then , that we fear . +

+

The achievements which dispelled our fears of the cosmos took place three centuries ago . +What additional roles has the scientific understanding of the 19th and 20th centuries played ? ? +In the physical sciences , these achievements concern electricity , chemistry , and atomic physics . +In the life sciences , there has been an enormous increase in our understanding of disease , in the mechanisms of heredity , and in bio- and physiological chemistry . +The major effect of these advances appears to lie in the part they have played in the industrial revolution and in the tools which scientific understanding has given us to build and manipulate a more protective environment . +In addition , our way of dealing directly with natural phenomena has also changed . +Even in domains where detailed and predictive understanding is still lacking , but where some explanations are possible , as with lightning and weather and earthquakes , the appropriate kind of human action has been more adequately indicated . +

+

Apparently the population as a whole eventually acquires enough confidence in the explanations of the scientists to modify its procedures and its fears . +How and why this process occurs would provide an interesting separate subject for study . +In some areas , the progress is slower than in others . +In agriculture , for example , despite the advances in biology , elaborate rituals tend to persist along with a continued sense of the imminence of some natural disaster . +In child care , the opposite extreme prevails ; ; +procedures change rapidly and parental confidence probably exceeds anything warranted by established psychological theory . +There are many domains in which understanding has brought about widespread and quite appropriate reduction in ritual and fear . +Much of the former extreme uneasiness associated with visions and hallucinations and with death has disappeared . +The persistent horror of having a malformed child has , I believe , been reduced , not because we have gained any control over this misfortune , but precisely because we have learned that we have so little control over it . +In fact , the recent warnings about the use of X-rays have introduced fears and ambiguities of action which now require more detailed understanding , and thus in this instance , science has momentarily aggravated our fears . +In fact , insofar as science generates any fear , it stems not so much from scientific prowess and gadgets but from the fact that new unanswered questions arise , which , until they are understood , create uncertainty . +

+

Perhaps the most illuminating example of the reduction of fear through understanding is derived from our increased knowledge of the nature of disease . +The situation with regard to our attitude and `` control '' of disease contains close analogies to problems confronting us with respect to people . +The fear of disease was formerly very much the kind of fear I have tried to describe . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g15.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g15.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6003617b381a14ef2b4c8360dec0a4bda014976c --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g15.xml @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +Sample G15 from Howard Nemerov, "Themes and Methods: The Early Stories of Thomas + Mann," The Carleton Miscellany, 2: 1 (Winter, 1961), 6-11 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,082 words 247 (11.9%) quotesG15

Used by permission 0010-1880

 Howard Nemerov, "Themes and Methods: The Early Stories of Thomas + Mann," The Carleton Miscellany, 2: 1 (Winter, 1961), 6-11 +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

It is worth dwelling in some detail on the crisis of this story , because it brings together a number of characteristic elements and makes of them a curious , riddling compound obscurely but centrally significant for Mann's work . +

+

The wife , Amra , and her lover are both savagely portrayed , she as incarnate sensuality , `` voluptuous '' and `` indolent '' , possibly `` a mischief maker '' , with `` a kind of luxurious cunning '' to set against her apparent simplicity , her `` birdlike brain '' . +Lautner , for his part , `` belonged to the present-day race of small artists , who do not demand the utmost of themselves '' , and the bitter description of the type includes such epithets as `` wretched little poseurs '' , the devastating indictment `` they do not know how to be wretched decently and in order '' , and the somewhat extreme prophecy , so far not fulfilled : `` They will be destroyed '' . +

+

The trick these two play upon Jacoby reveals their want not simply of decency but of imagination as well . +His appearance as Lizzy evokes not amusement but horror in the audience ; ; +it is a spectacle absolutely painful , an epiphany of the suffering flesh unredeemed by spirit , untouched by any spirit other than abasement and humiliation . +At the same time the multiple transvestitism involved -- the fat man as girl and as baby , as coquette pretending to be a baby -- touches for a moment horrifyingly upon the secret sources of a life like Jacoby's , upon the sinister dreams which form the sources of any human life . +

+

The music which Lautner has composed for this episode is for the most part `` rather pretty and perfectly banal '' . +But it is characteristic of him , we are told , `` his little artifice '' , to be able to introduce `` into a fairly vulgar and humorous piece of hackwork a sudden phrase of genuine creative art '' . +And this occurs now , at the refrain of Jacoby's song -- at the point , in fact , of the name `` Lizzy '' -- ; ; +a modulation described as `` almost a stroke of genius '' . +`` A miracle , a revelation , it was like a curtain suddenly torn away to reveal something nude '' . +It is this modulation which reveals to Jacoby his own frightful abjection and , simultaneously , his wife's infidelity . +By the same means he perceives this fact as having communicated itself to the audience ; ; +he collapses , and dies . +

+

In the work of every artist , I suppose , there may be found one or more moments which strike the student as absolutely decisive , ultimately emblematic of what it is all about ; ; +not less strikingly so for being mysterious , as though some deeply hidden constatation of thoughts were enciphered in a single image , a single moment . +So here . +The horrifying humor , the specifically sexual embarrassment of the joke gone wrong , the monstrous image of the fat man dressed up as a whore dressing up as a baby ; ; +the epiphany of that quivering flesh ; ; +the bringing together around it of the secret liaison between indolent , mindless sensuality and sharp , shrewd talent , cleverness with an occasional touch of genius ( which , however , does not know `` how to attack the problem of suffering '' ) ; ; +the miraculous way in which music , revelation and death are associated in a single instant -- all this seems a triumph of art , a rather desperate art , in itself ; ; +beyond itself , also , it evokes numerous and distant resonances from the entire body of Mann's work . +

+

When I try to work out my reasons for feeling that this passage is of critical significance , I come up with the following ideas , which I shall express very briefly here and revert to in a later essay . +

+

Love is the crucial dilemma of experience for Mann's heroes . +The dramatic construction of his stories characteristically turns on a situation in which someone is simultaneously compelled and forbidden to love . +The release , the freedom , involved in loving another is either terribly difficult or else absolutely impossible ; ; +and the motion toward it brings disaster . +

+

This prohibition on love has an especially poignant relation to art ; ; +it is particularly the artist ( Tonio Kroger , Aschenbach , Leverkuhn ) who suffers from it . +The specific analogy to the dilemma of love is the problem of the `` breakthrough '' in the realm of art . +

+

Again , the sufferings and disasters produced by any transgression against the commandment not to love are almost invariably associated in one way or another with childhood , with the figure of a child . +

+

Finally , the theatrical ( and perversely erotic ) notions of dressing up , cosmetics , disguise , and especially change of costume ( or singularity of costume , as with Cipolla ) , are characteristically associated with the catastrophes of Mann's stories . +

+

We shall return to these statements and deal with them more fully as the evidence for them accumulates . +For the present it is enough to note that in the grotesque figure of Jacoby , at the moment of his collapse , all these elements come together in prophetic parody . +Professionally a lawyer , that is to say associated with dignity , reserve , discipline , with much that is essentially middle-class , he is compelled by an impossible love to exhibit himself dressed up , disguised -- that is , paradoxically , revealed -- as a child , and , worse , as a whore masquerading as a child . +That this abandonment takes place on a stage , during an ' artistic ' performance , is enough to associate Jacoby with art , and to bring down upon him the punishment for art ; ; +that is , he is suspect , guilty , punishable , as is anyone in Mann's stories who produces illusion , and this is true even though the constant elements of the artist-nature , technique , magic , guilt and suffering , are divided in this story between Jacoby and Lautner . +

+

It appears that the dominant tendency of Mann's early tales , however pictorial or even picturesque the surface , is already toward the symbolic , the emblematic , the expressionistic . +In a certain perfectly definite way , the method and the theme of his stories are one and the same . +

+

Something of this can be learned from `` The Way To The Churchyard '' ( 1901 ) , an anecdote about an old failure whose fit of anger at a passing cyclist causes him to die of a stroke or seizure . +There is no more `` plot '' than that ; ; +only slightly more , perhaps , than a newspaper account of such an incident would give . +The artistic interest , then , lies in what the encounter may be made to represent , in the power of some central significance to draw the details into relevance and meaningfulness . +

+

The first sentence , with its platitudinous irony , announces an emblematic intent : `` The way to the churchyard ran along beside the highroad , ran beside it all the way to the end ; ; +that is to say , to the churchyard '' . +And the action is consistently presented with regard for this distinction . +The highroad , one might say at first , belongs to life , while the way to the churchyard belongs to death . +But that is too simple , and won't hold up . +As the first sentence suggests , both roads belong to death in the end . +But the highroad , according to the description of its traffic , belongs to life as it is lived in unawareness of death , while the way to the churchyard belongs to some other sort of life : a suffering form , an existence wholly comprised in the awareness of death . +Thus , on the highroad , a troop of soldiers `` marched in their own dust and sang '' , while on the footpath one man walks alone . +

+

This man's isolation is not merely momentary , it is permanent . +He is a widower , his three children are dead , he has no one left on earth ; ; +also he is a drunk , and has lost his job on that account . +His name is Praisegod Piepsam , and he is rather fully described as to his clothing and physiognomy in a way which relates him to a sinister type in the author's repertory -- he is a forerunner of those enigmatic strangers in `` Death In Venice '' , for example , who represent some combination of cadaver , exotic , and psychopomp . +

+

This strange person quarrels with a cyclist because the latter is using the path rather than the highroad . +The cyclist , a sufficiently commonplace young fellow , is not named but identified simply as `` Life '' -- that and a license number , which Piepsam uses in addressing him . +`` Life '' points out that `` everybody uses this path '' , and starts to ride on . +Piepsam tries to stop him by force , receives a push in the chest from `` Life '' , and is left standing in impotent and growing rage , while a crowd begins to gather . +His rage assumes a religious form ; ; +that is , on the basis of his own sinfulness and abject wretchedness , Piepsam becomes a prophet who in his ecstasy and in the name of God imprecates doom on Life -- not only the cyclist now , but the audience , the world , as well : `` all you light-headed breed '' . +This passion brings on a fit which proves fatal . +Then an ambulance comes along , and they drive Praisegod Piepsam away . +

+

This is simple enough , but several more points of interest may be mentioned as relevant . +The season , between spring and summer , belongs to life in its carefree aspect . +Piepsam's fatal rage arises not only because he cannot stop the cyclist , but also because God will not stop him ; ; +as Piepsam says to the crowd in his last moments : `` His justice is not of this world '' . +

+

Life is further characterized , in antithesis to Piepsam , as animal : the image of a dog , which appears at several places , is first given as the criterion of amiable , irrelevant interest aroused by life considered simply as a spectacle : a dog in a wagon is `` admirable '' , `` a pleasure to contemplate '' ; ; +another wagon has no dog , and therefore is `` devoid of interest '' . +Piepsam calls the cyclist `` cur '' and `` puppy '' among other things , and at the crisis of his fit a little fox-terrier stands before him and howls into his face . +The ambulance is drawn by two `` charming '' little horses . +

+

Piepsam is not , certainly , religious in any conventional sense . +His religiousness is intimately , or dialectically , connected with his sinfulness ; ; +the two may in fact be identical . +His unsuccessful strivings to give up drink are represented as religious strivings ; ; +he keeps a bottle in a wardrobe at home , and `` before this wardrobe Praisegod Piepsam had before now gone literally on his knees , and in his wrestlings had bitten his tongue -- and still in the end capitulated '' . +

+

The cyclist , by contrast , blond and blue-eyed , is simply unreflective , unproblematic Life , `` blithe and carefree '' . +`` He made no claims to belong to the great and mighty of this earth '' . +

+

Piepsam is grotesque , a disturbing parody ; ; +his end is ridiculous and trivial . +He is `` a man raving mad on the way to the churchyard '' . +But he is more interesting than the others , the ones who come from the highroad to watch him , more interesting than Life considered as a cyclist . +And if I have gone into so much detail about so small a work , that is because it is also so typical a work , representing the germinal form of a conflict which remains essential in Mann's writing : the crude sketch of Piepsam contains , in its critical , destructive and self-destructive tendencies , much that is enlarged and illuminated in the figures of , for instance , Naphta and Leverkuhn . +

+

In method as well as in theme this little anecdote with its details selected as much for expressiveness and allegory as for `` realism '' , anticipates a kind of musical composition , as well as a kind of fictional composition , in which , as Leverkuhn says , `` there shall be nothing unthematic '' . +It resembles , too , pictures such as Durer and Bruegel did , in which all that looks at first to be solely pictorial proves on inspection to be also literary , the representation of a proverb , for example , or a deadly sin . +

+

`` Gladius Dei '' ( 1902 ) resembles `` The Way To The Churchyard '' in its representation of a conflict between light and dark , between `` Life '' and a spirit of criticism , negation , melancholy , but it goes considerably further in characterizing the elements of this conflict . +

+

The monk Savonarola , brought over from the Renaissance and placed against the background of Munich at the turn of the century , protests against the luxurious works displayed in the art-shop of M. Bluthenzweig ; ; +in particular against a Madonna portrayed in a voluptuous style and modeled , according to gossip , upon the painter's mistress . +Hieronymus , like Piepsam , makes his protest quite in vain , and his rejection , though not fatal , is ridiculous and humiliating ; ; +he is simply thrown out of the shop by the porter . +On the street outside , Hieronymus envisions a holocaust of the vanities of this world , such a burning of artistic and erotic productions as his namesake actually brought to pass in Florence , and prophetically he issues his curse : `` Gladius Dei super terram cito et velociter '' . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g20.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g20.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cc76d5b625cdc0493dea638484c85a128b6e8cd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g20.xml @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +Sample G20 from Dan McLachlan, Jr., "Communication Networks and Monitoring" + Public Opinion Quarterly, xxv: 2 (Summer, 1961), 196-202 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,053 words 6 (0.3%) quotes 15 symbols 4 formulasG20

Used by permission. 0010-1820

 Dan McLachlan, Jr., "Communication Networks and Monitoring" + Public Opinion Quarterly, xxv: 2 (Summer, 1961), 196-202 +

Note: completeness...provide [0390] range and breadth...has increased [0940]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

It will be shown that the objectives of the cooperative people in an organization determine the type of network required , because the type of network functions according to the characteristics of the messages enumerated in Table 1 . +Great stress is placed on the role that the monitoring of information sending plays in maintaining the effectiveness of the network . +By monitoring , we mean some system of control over the types of information sent from the various centers . +

+

As a word of caution , we should be aware that in actual practice no message is purely one of the four types , question , command , statement , or exclamation . +For example , suppose a man wearing a $200 watch , driving a 1959 Rolls Royce , stops to ask a man on the sidewalk , `` What time is it '' ? ? +This sentence would have most of the characteristics of a question , but it has some of the characteristics of a statement because the questioner has conveyed the fact that he has no faith in his own timepiece or the one attached to his car . +If the man on the sidewalk is surprised at this question , it has served as an exclamation . +Also , since the man questioned feels a strong compulsion to answer ( and thereby avoid the consequences of being thought queer ) the question has assumed some measurable properties of a command . +However , for convenience we will stick to the idea that information can be classified according to Table 1 . +On this basis , certain extreme kinds of networks will be discussed for illustrative purposes . +

+

Networks illustrating some special types of organization +the cocktail party . +

+

Presumably a cocktail party is expected to fulfill the host's desire to get together a number of people who are inadequately acquainted and thereby arrange for bringing the level of acquaintance up to adequacy for future cooperative endeavors . +The party is usually in a room small enough so that all guests are within sight and hearing of one another . +The information is furnished by each of the guests , is sent by oral broadcasting over the air waves , and is received by the ears . +Since the air is a continuum , the network of communication remains intact regardless of the positions or motions of the points ( the people ) in the net . +As shown in Figure 1 , there is a connection for communication between every pair of points . +This , and other qualifications , make the cocktail party the most complete and most chaotic communication system ever dreamed up . +All four types of message listed in Table 1 are permitted , although decorum and cocktail tradition require holding the commands to a minimum , while exclamations having complimentary intonations are more than customarily encouraged . +The completeness of the connections provide that , for N people , there are Af lines of communication between the pairs , which can become a large number ( 1,225 ) for a party of fifty guests . +Looking at the diagram , we see that Af connection lines come in to each member . +Thus the cocktail party would appear to be the ideal system , but there is one weakness . +In spite of the dreams of the host for oneness in the group , the Af incoming messages for each guest overload his receiving system beyond comprehension if N exceeds about six . +The crowd consequently breaks up into temporary groups ranging in size from two to six , with a half-life for the cluster ranging from three to twenty minutes . +

+

For the occasion on which everyone already knows everyone else and the host wishes them to meet one or a few honored newcomers , then the `` open house '' system is advantageous because the honored guests are fixed connective points and the drifting guests make and break connections at the door . +The rural community . +

+

We consider a rural community as an assemblage of inhabited dwellings whose configuration is determined by the location and size of the arable land sites necessary for family subsistence . +We assume for this illustration that the size of the land plots is so great that the distance between dwellings is greater than the voice can carry and that most of the communication is between nearest neighbors only , as shown in Figure 2 . +Information beyond nearest neighbor is carried second- , third- , and fourth-hand as a distortable rumor . +In Figure 2 , the points in the network are designated by a letter accompanied by a number . +The numbers indicate the number of nearest neighbors . +It will be noted that point f has seven nearest neighbors , h and e have six , and p has only one , while the remaining points have intermediate numbers . +In any social system in which communications have an importance comparable with that of production and other human factors , a point like f in Figure 2 would ( other things being equal ) be the dwelling place for the community leader , while e and h would house the next most important citizens . +A point like p gets information directly from n , but all information beyond n is indirectly relayed through n . +The dweller at p is last to hear about a new cure , the slowest to announce to his neighbors his urgent distresses , the one who goes the farthest to trade , and the one with the greatest difficulty of all in putting over an idea or getting people to join him in a cooperative effort . +Since the hazards of poor communication are so great , p can be justified as a habitable site only on the basis of unusual productivity such as is made available by a waterfall for milling purposes , a mine , or a sugar maple camp . +Location theorists have given these matters much consideration . +Military organizations . +

+

The networks for military communications are one of the best examples of networks which not only must be changed with the changes in objectives but also must be changed with the addition of new machines of war . +They also furnish proof that , in modern war , message sending must be monitored . +Without monitoring , a military hookup becomes a noisy party . +The need for monitoring became greater when radio was adopted for military signaling . +Alexander the Great , who used runners as message carriers , did not have to worry about having every officer in his command hear what he said and having hundreds of them comment at once . +As time has passed and science has progressed , the speed of military vehicles has increased , the range of missiles has been extended , the use of target-hunting noses on the projectiles has been adopted , and the range and breadth of message sending has increased . +Next to the old problem of the slowness of decision making , network structure seems to be paramount , and without monitoring no network has value . +

+

On the parade ground the net may be similar to that shown in Figure 3 . +The monitoring is the highest and most restrictive of any organization in existence . +No questions , statements , or explanations are permitted -- only commands . +Commands go only from an officer to the man of nearest lower rank . +The same command is repeated as many times as there are levels in rank from general to corporal . +All orders originate with the officer of highest rank and terminate with action of the men in the ranks . +Even the officer in charge , be it a captain ( for small display ) or a general , is restrained by monitoring . +This is done for simplicity of commands and to bring the hidden redundancy up to where misunderstanding has almost zero possibility . +The commands are specified by the military regulations ; ; +are few in number , briefly worded , all different in sound ; ; +and are combinable into sequences which permit any marching maneuver that could be desired on a parade ground . +This monitoring is necessary because , on a parade ground , everyone can hear too much , and without monitoring a confused social event would develop . +

+

With troops dispersed on fields of battle rather than on the parade ground , it may seem that a certain amount of monitoring is automatically enforced by the lines of communication . +Years ago this was true , but with the replacement of wires or runners by radio and radar ( and perhaps television ) , these restrictions have disappeared and now again too much is heard . +

+

In contrast to cocktail parties , military organizations , even in the field , are more formal . +In the extreme and oversimplified example suggested in Figure 3 , the organization is more easily understood and more predictable in behavior . +A military organization has an objective chosen by the higher command . +This objective is adhered to throughout the duration of the action . +The connective system , or network , is tailored to meet the requirements of the objective , and it is therefore not surprising that a military body acting as a single coordinated unit has a different communication network than a factory , a college , or a rural village . +

+

The assumptions upon which the example shown in Figure 3 is based are : ( A ) One man can direct about six subordinates if the subordinates are chosen carefully so that they do not need too much personal coaching , indoctrinating , etc. . +( B ) A message runs too great a risk of being distorted if it is to be relayed more than about six consecutive times . +( C ) Decisions of a general kind are made by the central command . +And ( D ) all action of a physical kind pertinent to the mission is relegated to the line of men on the lower rank . +These assumptions lead to an organization with one man at the top , six directly under him , six under each of these , and so on until there are six levels of personnel . +The number of people acting as one body by this scheme gives a surprisingly large army of 55,987 men . +

+

This organizational network would be of no avail if there were no regulations pertaining to the types of message sent . +Of types of message listed in Table 1 , commands and statements are the only ones sent through the vertical network shown in Figure 3 . +A further regulation is that commands always go down , unaccompanied by statements , and statements always go up , unaccompanied by commands . +Questions and , particularly , exclamations are usually channeled along informal , horizontal lines not indicated in Figure 3 and seldom are carried beyond the nearest neighbor . +

+

It will readily be seen that in this suggested network ( not materially different from some of the networks in vogue today ) greater emphasis on monitoring is implied than is usually put into practice . +Furthermore , the network in Figure 3 is only the basic net through which other networks pertaining to logistics and the like are interlaced . +

+

Not discussed here are some military problems of modern times such as undersea warfare , where the surveillance , sending , transmitting , and receiving are all so inadequate that networks and decision making are not the bottlenecks . +Such problems are of extreme interest as well as importance and are so much like fighting in a rain forest or guerrilla warfare at night in tall grass that we might have to re-examine primitive conflicts for what they could teach . +A team for useful research . +

+

This is an unsolved problem which probably has never been seriously investigated , although one frequently hears the comment that we have insufficient specialists of the kind who can compete with the Germans or Swiss , for example , in precision machinery and mathematics , or the Finns in geochemistry . +We hear equally fervent concern over the belief that we have not enough generalists who can see the over-all picture and combine our national skills and knowledge for useful purposes . +This problem of the optimum balance in the relative numbers of generalists and specialists can be investigated on a communicative network basis . +Since the difficulty of drawing the net is great , we will merely discuss it . +

+

First , we realize that a pure specialist does not exist . +But , for practical purposes , we have people who can be considered as such . +For example , there are persons who are in physical science , in the field of mineralogy , trained in crystallography , who use only X-rays , applying only the powder technique of X-ray diffraction , to clay minerals only , and who have spent the last fifteen years concentrating on the montmorillonites ; ; +or persons in the social sciences in the field of anthropology , studying the lung capacity of seven Andean Indians . +So we see that a specialist is a man who knows more and more about less and less as he develops , as contrasted to the generalist , who knows less and less about more and more . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g21.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g21.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7d5fbd5f88a43505c0b94d931c94f743072fd6e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g21.xml @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ +Sample G21 from Brainard Cheney, "Christianity and the Tragic Vision-Utopianism + USA," The Sewanee Review, LXIX: 4 (Autumn, 1961), 518-524 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,001 words 194 (9.7%) quotes 1 symbolG21

Used by permission. 0010-1820

 Brainard Cheney, "Christianity and the Tragic Vision-Utopianism + USA," The Sewanee Review, LXIX: 4 (Autumn, 1961), 518-524 +

Typographical Errors: of [for, or] [0530]. for , [0530]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

American democratic thought , pointed up the relation between the Protestant movement in this country and the development of a social religion , which he called the American Democratic Faith . +Those familiar with his work will remember that he placed the incipience of the democratic faith at around 1850 . +And he describes it as a balanced polarity between the notions of the free individual and what he called the fundamental law . +I want to say more about Gabriel's so-called fundamental law . +But first I want to quote him on the relationship that he found between religion and politics in this country and what happened to it . +He points out that from the time of Jackson on through World War 1 , , evangelical Protestantism was a dominant influence in the social and political life of America . +He terms this early enthusiasm `` Romantic Christianity '' and concludes that its similarity to democratic beliefs of that day is so great that `` the doctrine of liberty seems but a secular version of its counterpart in evangelical Protestantism '' . +Let me quote him even more fully , for his analysis is important to my theme . +He says : `` beside the Protestant philosophy of Progress , as expressed in radical or conservative millenarianism , should be placed the doctrine of the democratic faith which affirmed it to be the duty of the destiny of the United States to assist in the creation of a better world by keeping lighted the beacon of democracy '' . +He specifies , `` in the middle period of the Nineteenth Century it was colored by Christian supernaturalism , in the Twentieth Century it was affected by naturalism . +But in every period it has been humanism '' . +And let me add , utopianism , also . +Some fourteen or fifteen years ago , in an essay I called The Leader Follows -- Where ? ? +I used his polarity to illustrate what I thought had happened to us in that form of liberalism we call Progressivism . +It seemed to me that the liberals had scrapped the balanced polarity and reposed both liberty and the fundamental law in the common man . +That is to say Gabriel's fundamental law had been so much modified by this time that it was neither fundamental nor law any more . +It is a weakness of Gabriel's analysis that he never seems to realize that his so-called fundamental law had already been cut loose from its foundations when it was adapted to democracy . +And with Progressivism the Religion of Humanity was replacing what Gabriel called Christian supernaturalism . +And the common man was developing mythic power , or charisma , on his own . +During the decade that followed , the common man , as that piece put it , grew uncomfortable as the Voice of God and fled from behind Saint Woodrow ( Wilson ) only to learn from Science , to his shocked relief that after all there was no God he had to speak for and that he was just an animal anyhow -- that there was a chemical formula for him , and that too much couldn't be expected of him . +The socialism implicit in the slogan of the Roosevelt Revolution , freedom from want and fear , seems a far cry from the individualism of the First Amendment to the Constitution , or of the Jacksonian frontier . +What had happened to the common man ? ? +French Egalitarianism had had only nominal influence in this country before the days of Popularism . +The riotous onrush of industrialism after the War for Southern Independence and the general secular drift to the Religion of Humanity , however , prepared the way for a reception of the French Revolution's socialistic offspring of one sort of another . +The first of which to find important place in our federal government was the graduated income tax under Wilson . +Moreover the centralization of our economy during the 1920s , the dislocations of the Depression , the common ethos of Materialism everywhere , all contributed in various ways to the face-lifting that replaced Mike Fink and the Great Gatsby with the anonymous physiognomy of the Little People . +However , it is important to trace the philosophy of the French Revolution to its sources to understand the common democratic origin of individualism and socialism and the influence of the latter on the former . +That John Locke's philosophy of the social contract fathered the American Revolution with its Declaration of Independence , I believe , we generally accept . +Yet , after Rousseau had given the social contract a new twist with his notion of the General Will , the same philosophy , it may be said , became the idea source of the French Revolution also . +The importance of Rousseau's twist has not always been clear to us , however . +This notion of the General Will gave rise to the Commune of Paris in the Revolution and later brought Napoleon to dictatorship . +And it is clearly argued by Lord Percy of Newcastle , in his remarkable long essay , The Heresy Of Democracy , and in a more general way by Voegelin , in his New Science Of Politics , that this same Rousseauan idea , descending through European democracy , is the source of Marx's theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat . +This is important to understanding the position that doctrinaire liberals found themselves in after World War 2 , and our great democratic victory that brought no peace . +The long road that had taken liberals in this country into the social religion of democracy , into a worship of man , led logically to the Marxist dream of a classless society under a Socialist State . +And the ussr existed as the revolutionary experiment in radical socialism , the ultimate exemplar . +And by the time the war ended , liberal leadership in this country was spiritually Marxist . +We will recall that the still confident liberals of the Truman administration gathered with other Western utopians in San Francisco to set up the legal framework , finally and at last , to rationalize war -- to rationalize want and fear -- out of the world : the United Nations . +We of the liberal-led world got all set for peace and rehabilitation . +Then suddenly we found ourselves in the middle of another fight , an irrational , an indecent , an undeclared and immoral war with our strongest ( and some had thought noblest ) ally . +During the next five years the leaders of the Fair Deal reluctantly backed down from the optimistic expectations of the New Deal . +During the next five years liberal leaders in the United States sank in the cumulative confusion attendant upon and manifested in a negative policy of Containment -- and the bitterest irony -- enforced and enforceable only by threat of a weapon that we felt the greatest distaste for but could not abandon : the atom bomb . +In 1952 , it will be remembered , the G.O.P. without positive program campaigned on the popular disillusionment with liberal leadership and won overwhelmingly . +All of this , I know , is recent history familiar to you . +But I have been at some pains to review it as the drama of the common man , to point up what happened to him under Eisenhower's leadership . +A perceptive journalist , Sam Lubell , has phrased it in the title of one of his books as the revolt of the moderates . +He opens his discourse , however , with a review of the Eisenhower inaugural festivities at which a sympathetic press had assembled its massive talents , all primed to catch some revelation of the emerging new age . +The show was colorful , indeed , exuberant , but the press for all its assiduity could detect no note of a fateful rendezvous with destiny . +Lubell offers his book as an explanation of why there was no clue . +And I select this sentence as its pertinent summation : `` in essence the drama of his ( Eisenhower's ) Presidency can be described as the ordeal of a nation turned conservative and struggling -- thus far with but limited and precarious success -- to give effective voice and force to that conservatism '' . +I will assume that we are all aware of the continuing struggle , with its limited and precarious success , toward conservatism . +It has moved on various levels , it has been clamorous and confused . +Obviously there has been no agreement on what American conservatism is , or rather , what it should be . +For it was neglected , not to say nascent , when the struggle began . +I saw a piece the other day assailing William Buckley , author of Man And God at Yale and publisher of The National Review , as no conservative at all , but an old liberal . +I would agree with this view . +But I'm not here to define conservatism . +What I am here to do is to report on the gyrations of the struggle -- a struggle that amounts to self-redefinition -- to see if we can predict its future course . +One of the obvious conclusions we can make on the basis of the last election , I suppose , is that we , the majority , were dissatisfied with Eisenhower conservatism . +Though , to be sure , we gave Kennedy no very positive approval in the margin of his preferment . +This is , however , symptomatic of our national malaise . +But before I try to diagnose it , I would offer other evidence . +I will mention two volumes of specific comment on this malaise that appeared last year . +The earlier of them was an unofficial enterprise , sponsored by Life magazine , under the title of The National Purpose . +The contributors to this testament were all well-known : a former Democratic candidate for President , a New Deal poet , the magazine's chief editorial writer , two newspaper columnists , head of a national broadcasting company , a popular Protestant evangelist , etc. . +What I want to point out here is that all of them are ex-liberals , or modified liberals , with perhaps one exception . +I suppose we might classify Billy Graham as an old liberal . +And I would further note that they all -- with one exception again -- sang in one key or another the same song . +Its refrain was : `` let us return to the individualistic democracy of our forefathers for our salvation '' . +

+

Adlai Stevenson expressed some reservations about this return . +Others invoked technology and common sense . +Only Walter Lippman envisioned the possibility of our having `` outlived most of what we used to regard as the program of our national purposes '' . +

+

But the most notable thing about the incantation of these ex-liberals was that the one-time shibboleth of socialism was conspicuously absent . +

+

The second specific comment was the report of Eisenhower's Commission on National Goals , titled Goals For Americans . +They , perhaps , gave the pitch of their position in the preface where it was said that Eisenhower requested that the Commission be administered by the American Assembly of Columbia University , because it was non-partisan . +The Commission seems to represent the viewpoint of what I would call the unconscious liberal , but not unconscious enough , to invoke the now taboo symbolism of socialism . +And here again we hear the same refrain mentioned above : `` the paramount goal of the United States set long ago was to guard the rights of the individual , ensure his development , enlarge his opportunity '' . +This group is secularist and their program tends to be technological . +But it is the need to undertake these testaments that I would submit here as symptom of the common man's malaise . +And let me add Murray's new book as another symptom of it , particularly so in view of the attention Time magazine gave it when it came out recently . +Father Murray goes back to the Declaration of Independence , too , though I may add , with considerably more historical perception . +I will reserve discussion of it for a moment , however , to return to President Kennedy . +As symptomatic of the common man's malaise , he is most significant : a liberal and a Catholic , elected by the skin of his teeth . +Does that not suggest to you an uncertain and uneasy , not to say confused , state of the public mind ? ? +What is the common man's complaint ? ? +Let's take a panoramic look back over the course we have come . +Has not that way been lit always by the lamp of liberalism up until the turning back under Eisenhower ? ? +And the basic character of that liberalism has been spiritual rather than economic . +Ralph Gabriel gave it the name of Protestant philosophy of Progress . +But there's a subjective side to that utopian outlook . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g22.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g22.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..635d5a44047b1ed7f748a3e1d7ace17511f29cbf --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g22.xml @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +Sample G22 from Kenneth Reiner, "Coping with Runaway Technology" + The Ethical Outlook, XLVII: 3 (May-June, 1961), 91-95 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,024 words 194 (9.6%) quotesG22

Used by permission. 0010-1910

 Kenneth Reiner, "Coping with Runaway Technology" + The Ethical Outlook, XLVII: 3 (May-June, 1961), 91-95 +

Note: to-day's [1670] today [0220, 0330, 0410]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Does our society have a runaway , uncontrollable growth of technology which may end our civilization , or a normal , healthy growth ? ? +Here there may be an analogy with cancer : we can detect cancers by their rapidly accelerating growth , determinable only when related to the more normal rate of healthy growth . +Should the accelerating growth of technology then warn us ? ? +Noting such evidence is the first step ; ; +and almost the only `` cure '' is early detection and removal . +One way to determine whether we have so dangerous a technology would be to check the strength of our society's organs to see if their functioning is as healthy as before . +So an objective look at our present procedures may move us to consider seriously this possibly analogous situation . +In any event , whether society may have cancer , or merely a virus infection , the `` disease '' , we shall find , is political , economical , social , and even medical . +Have not our physical abilities already deteriorated because of the more sedentary lives we are now living ? ? +Hence the prime issue , as I see it , is whether a democratic or free society can master technology for the benefit of mankind , or whether technology will rule and develop its own society compatible with its own needs as a force of nature . +

+

We are already committed to establishing man's supremacy over nature and everywhere on earth , not merely in the limited social-political-economical context we are fond of today . +Otherwise , we go on endlessly trying to draw the line , color and other , as to which kind of man we wish to see dominate . +We have proved so able to solve technological problems that to contend we cannot realize a universal goal in the immediate future is to be extremely shortsighted , if nothing else . +We must believe we have the ability to affect our own destinies : otherwise why try anything ? ? +So in these pages the term `` technology '' is used to include any and all means which could amplify , project , or augment man's control over himself and over other men . +Naturally this includes all communication forms , e.g. languages , or any social , political , economic or religious structures employed for such control . +Properly mindful of all the cultures in existence today throughout the world , we must employ these resources without war or violent revolution . +

+

If we were creating a wholly new society , we could insist that our social , political , economic and philosophic institutions foster rather than hamper man ; ; +best growth . +But we cannot start off with a clean slate . +So we must first analyze our present institutions with respect to the effect of each on man's major needs . +Asked which institution most needs correction , I would say the corporation as it exists in America today . +At first glance this appears strange : of all people , was not America founded by rugged individualists who established a new way of life still inspiring `` undeveloped '' societies abroad ? ? +But hear Harrison E. Salisbury , former Moscow correspondent of The New York Times , and author of `` To Moscow -- And Beyond '' . +In a book review of `` The Soviet Cultural Offensive '' , he says , `` Long before the State Department organized its bureaucracy into an East-West Contacts Staff in order to wage a cultural counter-offensive within Soviet borders , the sharp cutting-edge of American culture had carved its mark across the Russian steppes , as when the enterprising promoters of ' Porgy And Bess ' overrode the State Department to carry the contemporary ' cultural warfare ' behind the enemy lines . +They were not diplomats or jazz musicians , or even organizers of reading-rooms and photo-montage displays , but rugged capitalist entrepreneurs like Henry Ford , Hugh Cooper , Thomas Campbell , the International Harvester Co. , and David W. Griffith . +Their kind created an American culture superior to any in the world , an industrial and technological culture which penetrated Russia as it did almost every corner of the earth without a nickel from the Federal treasury or a single governmental specialist to contrive directives or program a series of consultations of interested agencies . +This favorable image of America in the minds of Russian men and women is still there despite years of energetic anti-American propaganda '' +

+

corporations now outmoded +

+

Perhaps the public's present attitude toward business stems from the fact that the `` rugged capitalist entrepreneur '' no more exists in America . +In his stead is a milquetoast version known as `` the corporation '' . +But even if we cannot see the repulsive characteristics in this new image of America , foreigners can ; ; +and our loss of `` prestige '' abroad is the direct result . +No amount of ballyhoo will cover up the sordid facts . +If we want respect from ourselves or others , we will have to earn it . +First , let us realize that whatever good this set-up achieved in earlier times , now the corporation per se cannot take economic leadership . +Businesses must develop as a result of the ideas , energies and ambitions of an individual having purpose and comprehensive ability within one mind . +When we `` forced '' individuals to assume the corporate structure by means of taxes and other legal statutes , we adopted what I would term `` pseudo-capitalism '' and so took a major step toward socialism . +The biggest loss , of course , was the individual's lessened desire and ability to give his services to the growth of his company and our economy . +Socialism , I grant , has a definite place in our society . +But let us not complain of the evils of capitalism by referring to a form that is not truly capitalistic . +Some forms of capitalism do indeed work -- superb organizations , a credit to any society . +But the pseudo-capitalism which dictates our whole economy as well as our politics and social life , will not stand close scrutiny . +Its pretense to operate in the public interest is little more than a sham . +It serves only its own stockholders and poorly at that . +As a creative enterprise , its abilities are primarily in `` swallowing '' creative enterprises developed outside its own organization ( an ability made possible by us , and almost mandatory ) . +As to benefits to employees , it is notorious for its callous disregard except where it depends on them for services . +

+

The corporation in America is in reality our form of socialism , vying in a sense with the other socialistic form that has emerged within governmental bureaucracy . +But while the corporation has all the disadvantages of the socialist form of organization ( so cumbersome it cannot constructively do much of anything not compatible with its need to perpetuate itself and maintain its status quo ) , unluckily it does not have the desirable aspect of socialism , the motivation to operate for the benefit of society as a whole . +So we are faced with a vast network of amorphous entities perpetuating themselves in whatever manner they can , without regard to the needs of society , controlling society and forcing upon it a regime representing only the corporation's needs for survival . +

+

The corporation has a limited , specific place in our society . +Ideally speaking , it should be allowed to operate only where the public has a great stake in the continuity of supply or services , and where the actions of a single proprietor are secondary to the needs of society . +Examples are in public utilities , making military aircraft and accessories , or where the investment and risk for a proprietorship would be too great for a much needed project impossible to achieve by any means other than the corporate form , e.g. constructing major airports or dams . +Thus , if corporations are not to run away with us , they must become quasi-governmental institutions , subject to public control and needs . +In all other areas , private initiative of the `` proprietorship '' type should be urged to produce the desired goods and services . +

+

Proprietorship +Avoiding runaway technology can be done only by assuring a humane society ; ; +and for this human beings must be firmly in control of the economics on which our society rests . +Such genuine human leadership the proprietorship can offer , corporations cannot . +It can project long-range goals for itself . +Corporations react violently to short-range stimuli , e.g. , quarterly and annual dividend reports . +Proprietorships can establish a unity and integrity of control ; ; +corporations , being more amorphous , cannot . +Proprietorships can establish a meaningful identity , representing a human personality , and thus establish sincere relationships with customers and community . +Corporations are apt by nature to be impersonal , inhumane , shortsighted and almost exclusively profit-motivated , a picture they could scarcely afford to present to the public . +The proprietor is able to create a leadership impossible in the corporate structure with its board of directors and stockholders . +Leadership is lacking in our society because it has no legitimate place to develop . +Men continuously at the head of growing enterprises can acquire experiences of the most varied , complicated and trying type so that at maturation they have developed the competence and willingness to accept the personal responsibility so sorely needed now . +

+

Hence government must establish greater controls upon corporations so that their activities promote what is deemed essential to the national interest . +Proprietorships should get the tax advantages now accruing to corporations , e.g. the chance to accumulate capital so vital for growth . +Corporations should pay added taxes , to be used for educational purposes ( not necessarily of the formal type ) . +The right to leave legacies should be substantially reduced and ultimately eliminated . +To perpetuate wealth control led by small groups of individuals who played no role in its creation prevents those with real initiative from coming to the fore , and is basically anti-democratic . +When the proprietor dies , the establishment should become a corporation until it is either acquired by another proprietor or the government decides to drop it . +Strikes should be declared illegal against corporations because disagreements would have to be settled by government representatives acting as controllers of the corporation whose responsibility to the state would now be defined against proprietorship because employees and proprietors must be completely interdependent , as they are each a part of the whole . +Strikes threatening the security of the proprietorship , if internally motivated , prevent a healthy relationship . +Certainly external forces should not be applied arbitrarily out of mere power available to do so . +If we cannot stop warfare in our own economic system , how can we expect to abolish it internationally ? ? +

+

One kind of proprietorship +These proposals would go far toward creating the economic atmosphere favoring growth of the individual , who , in turn , would help us to cope with runaway technology . +Individual human strength is needed to pit against an inhuman condition . +The battle is not easy . +We are tempted to blame others for our problems rather than look them straight in the face and realize they are of our own making and possible of solution only by ourselves with the help of desperately needed , enlightened , competent leaders . +Persons developed in today's corporations cannot hope to serve here -- a judgment based on experiences of my own in business and in activities outside . +In my own company , in effect a partnership , although legally a corporation , I have been able to do many things for my employees which `` normal '' corporations of comparable size and nature would have been unable to do . +Also , I am convinced that if my company were a sole proprietorship instead of a partnership , I would have been even abler to solve long-range problems for myself and my fellow-employees . +Any abilities I may have were achieved in their present shape from experience in sharing in the growth and control of my business , coupled with raising my family . +This combined experience , on a foundation of very average , I assure you , intelligence and background , has helped me do things many well-informed people would bet heavily against . +Perhaps a list of some of the `` practices '' of my company will help here . +

+

The company grew out of efforts by two completely inexperienced men in their late twenties , neither having a formal education applicable to , or experience in , manufacturing or selling our type of articles . +From an initial investment of $1,200 in 1943 , it has grown , with no additional capital investment , to a present value estimated by some as exceeding $10,000,000 ( we don't disclose financial figures to the public ) . +Its growth continues steadily on a par with past growth ; ; +and no limitation is in evidence . +Our pin-curl clips and self-locking nuts achieved dominance in just a few years time , despite substantial , well established competition . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g25.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g25.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2cc385e6e68a99dafceca54099229b44b61b8104 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g25.xml @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +Sample G25 from Stanley Parry, "The Restoration of Tradition" + Modern Age, 5: 2 (Spring, 1961), 128-131 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,007 words 29 (1.4%) quotesG25

Used by permission. 0010-1840

 Stanley Parry, "The Restoration of Tradition" + Modern Age, 5: 2 (Spring, 1961), 128-131 +

Typographical Error: theoriticians [0170]Note: liberal-conservative [0030] liberal conservative [1130]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

For this change is not a change from one positive position to another , but a change from order and truth to disorder and negation . +The liberal-conservative division , we might observe in passing , is not of itself directly involved in a private interest conflict nor even in struggle between ruling groups . +Rather it is rooted in a difference of response to the threat of social disintegration . +The division is not between those who wish to preserve what they have and those who want change . +Rather it is a division established by two absolutely different ways of thought with regard to man's life in society . +These ways are absolutely irreconcilable because they offer two different recipes for man's redemption from chaos . +

+

The civilizational crisis , the third type of change raises the question `` what are we to do '' ? ? +On the most primitive level . +For the answer cannot be derived from any socially cohesive element in the disrupting community . +There is no socially existential answer to the question . +For the truth formerly experienced by the community no longer has existential status in the community , nor does any answer elaborated by philosophers or theoriticians . +In this phase of change , no idea has social acceptance and so none has ontological status in the community . +An interregnum ensues in which not men but ideas compete for existence . +

+

If we examine the three types of change from the point of view of their internal structure we find an additional profound difference between the third and the first two , one that accounts for the notable difference between the responses they evoke . +The first two types of change occur within the inward and immanent structure of the society . +The first involves a simple shift of interests in the society . +The second involves something deeper , but its characteristic form focuses on a shift in policy for the community , not in the truth on which the community rests . +Thus in both types attention is focused on the community itself , and its phenomenological life . +The third type , however , wrenches attention from the life of action and interests in the community and focuses it on the ground of being on which the community depends for its existence . +Voegelin has analyzed this experience in the case of the stable , healthy community . +There the community , faced with the need to formulate policy on the level of absolute justice , can find the answer to its problem in the absolute truth which it holds as partially experienced . +This , however , cannot be done by a community whose very experience of truth is confused and incoherent : it has no absolute standard , and consequently cannot distinguish the absolute from the contingent . +It has lost its ground of being and floats in a mist of appearances . +Relativism and equality are its characteristic diseases . +Precisely at the moment when it has lost its vision the mind of the community turns out from itself in a search for the ontological standard whereby it can measure itself . +For paradigmatic history `` breaks '' rather than unfolds precisely when the movement is from order to disorder , and not from one order to a new order . +The liberal-conservative split , to define it further , derives from a basic difference concerning the existential status of standard sought and about the spiritual experience that leads to its identification . +

+

When disruptive change has penetrated to the third level of social order , the process of disruption rapidly reaches a point of no return . +Indeed , it is probable that this point is reached the moment the third level of change begins . +At that point we reach the `` closed '' historical situation : the situation in which man is no longer free to return to a status quo ante . +At that point men become aware of the mystery of history called variously `` fate '' , or `` destiny '' , or `` providence '' , and feel themselves caught helplessly in the writhing of a disrupted society . +The reasons for this experience are rooted in the metaphysical characteristics of such a change . +

+

Of all forms of being , society , or community , has the greatest element of determinability . +Its ontological status is itself most tenuous because apart from individual men , who are its `` matter '' , tradition , the `` form '' of society exists only as a shared perception of truth . +The ontological status of society thus is constituted by the psychological status of society's members . +The content of that psychological status determines , ultimately , the content of civilization . +Those social , civilizational factors not rooted in the human spirit of the group , ultimately cease to exist . +Civilization itself -- tradition -- falls out of existence when the human spirit itself becomes confused . +Civilization is what man has made of himself . +Its massive contours are rooted in the simple need of man , since he is always incomplete , to complete himself . +

+

It is not enough for man to be an ontological esse . +He needs existential completion , he needs , that is , to move in the direction of completion . +And the direction of that movement is determined by his perception of the truth about himself . +He must , consequently , exist as a self-perceived substantive , developing agent , or he does not exist as man . +Thus , it is no mystical intuition , but an analyzable conception to say that man and his tradition can `` fall out of existence '' . +This happens at the moment man loses the perception of moral substance in himself , of a nature that , in Maritain's words , is perceived as a `` locus of intelligible necessities '' . +An existentialist is a man who perceives himself only as `` esse '' , as existence without substance . +

+

Thus human perception and human volition is the immanent cause of all social change and this most truly when the change reaches the civilizational level . +Thus with regard to the loss of tradition , in the change from order to disorder the metaphysics of change works itself out as a disruption of the individual soul , a change in which man continues as an objective ontological existent , but no longer as a man . +

+

Further , change is a form of motion , it occurs as the act of a being in potency insofar as it is in potency and has not yet reached the terminus of the change . +With regard to the change we are examining , the question is , at what point does the change become irreversible ? ? +A number of considerations suggest that this occurs early in the process . +Change involves the displacement of form . +This means that the inception of change itself can begin only when the factors conducive to change have already become more powerful than those anchoring the existent form in being . +If the existent form is to be retained new factors that reinforce it must be introduced into the situation . +In the case of social decay , form is displaced simply by the process of dissolution with no form at the terminus of the process . +Now in the mere fact of the beginning of such displacement we have prima-facie evidence of the ontological weakness of the fading form . +And when we consider the tenuous hold tradition has on existence , any weakening of that hold constitutes a crisis of existence . +The retention of a tradition confronted with such a crisis necessitates the introduction of new spiritual forces into the situation . +However , the crisis occurs precisely as a weakening of spiritual forces . +It would seem , therefore , that in a civilizational crisis man cannot save himself . +The emergence of the crisis itself would seem to constitute a warranty for the victory of disorder . +And it would seem that history is a witness to this truth . +

+

As a further characterization of the liberal conservative split we may observe that it involves differences in the formula for escaping inevitabilities in history . +These differences , in turn , derive from prior differences concerning the friendly or hostile character of change . +

+

Unanalyzed responses +anxiety and deep insecurity are the characteristic responses evoked by the crisis in tradition . +To experience them , it is not necessary for a people to be actively aware of what is happening to it . +The process of erosion need only undermine the tradition and a series of consequences begin unfolding within the individual , while in institutions a quiet but deep transformation of processes occurs . +Within the individual the reaction has been called various names , all , however , pointing to the same basic experience . +Weil identifies it as being `` rootless '' , Guardini as being `` placeless '' , Riesman as being `` lonely '' . +Others call it `` alienation '' , and mean by that no simple economic experience ( as Marx does ) but a deep spiritual sense of dislocation . +Within institutions there is a marked decline of the process of persuasion and the substitution of a force-fear process which masquerades as the earlier one of persuasion . +We note the use of rhetoric as a weapon , the manipulation of the masses by propaganda , the `` mobilization '' of effort and resources . +

+

Within this context of spontaneous and unanalyzed responses to the experience of civilizational crisis , two basic organizations of response are observable : reaction and ideological progressivism . +These responses are explicable in terms of characteristics inherent in the crisis . +Both are predictably destined to fail . +

+

The response of reaction is dominated by a concern for what is vanishing . +Its essence lies in its attempt to recover previous order through the repression of disruptive forces . +To this end political authority is called upon to exercise its negative and coercive powers . +The implicit assumption of this response is that history is reversible . +Seemingly , order is perceived as a kind of subsistent entity now covered by adventitious accretions . +The problem is to remove the accretions and thereby uncover the order that was always there . +Such a response , of course , misses the point that in crisis order is going out of existence . +Moreover its posture of stubborn but simple resistance is doomed to failure because of the metaphysical weakness of the existent form of order , once the activation of change has reached visible proportions . +The most reaction can achieve is stasis , and a stasis that can be maintained only by the expenditure of an effort which ultimately exhausts itself . +

+

Despite the hopelessness of the response , it is explicable in terms of the crisis of tradition itself . +Since a civilizational crisis involves also a crisis in private interests and in the ruling class , reaction is normally found among those who feel themselves to be among the ruling class . +Their great error is to mingle the responses typical of each of the three types of change . +Since civilizational change is the most difficult to perceive and analyze , it seldom is given adequate attention . +And the anxiety it generates is misinterpreted as anxiety over private interest and threatened social status . +

+

The basic truth in the reactionary response is to be found in its realistic assumption of the primacy of the real over the ideational . +But this truth is distorted by its extreme application : the assumption of the separate existence of tradition . +The reactionary misses the point that tradition exists ontologically only in the form of psychological-intellectual relations . +Reactionary theories , for this reason , usually assume some form of organismic theory . +In its defensive formulations , the theory will attack conscious change on the grounds of the independent existence of the community . +In its dynamic form , it visualizes the community as the embodiment of an ontological force -- the race , for instance , which unfolds in history . +In both cases the individual tends to be treated as an instrument of the organic reality . +

+

When the reactionary response is thus bolstered by an intellectual defense , the characteristics of that defense are explicable only in terms of the basic attitudes of unanalyzed reaction . +Reaction is rooted in a perception of tradition as a whole . +It is a total situation that is defended : the `` good old days '' . +There is no selectivity ; ; +even the questionable features of the past are defended . +The point is that the reactionary , for whatever motive , perceives himself to have been part or a partner of something that extended beyond himself , something which , consequently , he was not able to accept or reject on the basis of subjective preference . +The reactionary is confused about the existential status of a decaying tradition , but he does perceive the unity tradition had when it was healthy . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g27.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g27.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5b1114836efca56be9090d9f394d64b0bed1c91d --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g27.xml @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +Sample G27 from Matthew Josephson, "Jean Hélion: The Return from Abstract Art" + The Minnesota Review, 1: 3 (April, 1961), 346-350 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,017 words 478 (23.7%) quotesG27

Used by permission. 0010-1800

 Matthew Josephson, "Jean Hélion: The Return from Abstract Art" + The Minnesota Review, 1: 3 (April, 1961), 346-350 +

Typographical Error: Three-dimentional [0210]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

In recollection he has said : `` Natural or man-made objects kept coming into my head , but I would suppress them sternly '' . +Moreover , he organized the movement of his forms , within his rigorously shaped space , into highly complex equilibriums ; ; +and used gradations of color value as well as sharply contrasting elementary colors . +

+

The worthy Mondrian , seeing these pictures , said in a tone of kindly reproof : `` But you are really an artist of the naturalistic tradition '' ! ! +Helion did not realize it at the time , but it was true . +

+

His `` monumental '' abstraction , made up of smooth , metallic `` non-objects '' acting upon each other with great tension , won Helion much acclaim during the 'thirties . +The play of novel lighting effects also entered into these compositions , whose controlled power and varied activity made them well worth meditating . +

+

As Helion's work showed more and more nostalgia for the world of man and nature , the pure abstractionists expressed some disapproval ; ; +but Leger , Arp , Lipchitz and Alexander Calder , at the time , gave him their blessing . +His canvases nowadays bore titles frankly declaring them to be `` Figures In Space '' , or `` Blue Figure '' , or `` Pink Figure '' ; ; +and they had ( vaguely ) heads and feet . +Exhibited in shows in London in 1935 , and in New York the following year , the new , more elaborated abstracts were much favored in the circles of the modernists as three-dimentional dramas of great intellectual coherence . +At this period the thirty-year old Helion was ranked `` as one of the mature leaders of the modern movement '' , according to Herbert Read , `` and in the direct line of descent from Cezanne , Seurat , Gris and Leger '' . +In America , Meyer Schapiro observed that , unlike the Mondrian school , Helion `` sought a return path to the fullness of nature within the framework of abstract art '' . +

+

It is notable that at this time he was writing with admiration of Cimabue's and Poussin's way of filling space . +Abstract art was still the right path for him ; ; +but , he held , instead of continuing as an `` art of reduction '' , it must grow , must make a place for the contributions of the Raphaels and Poussins as well as for those of the early cubists and Mondrian . +

+

Later Helion wrote of this phase : `` For years I built for myself a subtle instrument of relationships -- colors and forms without a name . +I played on it my secret songs , unexplained , passionate and peaceful '' . +

+

But his own work was evolving further . +The extreme limitations he sensed in all current abstract art made that seem to him increasingly arid and cold . +He was engaged in constant experiments that searched for new directions . +Where would it all lead ? ? +He himself did not know , as he said in 1935 . +But he was `` afraid of the future -- he would in fact welcome a way back to social integration , a functional art of some kind '' . +

+

During the 1920's the Abstractionists , the German Bauhaus group of industrial designers , and the new architects all had the dream of some well ordered utopia , or welfare state , in which their neat and logical constructions might find their proper place . +But whereas the postwar American abstractionists seem to Helion to be determined to `` escape '' from the real world , or simply to rebel against it , the ordered abstractions which he and his associates of the 1930's were painting embodied the hope of `` improving '' things . +`` We were possessed by visions of a new civilization to come , very pure and elevated '' , he has said , `` in fact some ideal form of socialism such as we had dreamed of since the war of 1914-1918 '' . +

+

Instead of this the 1930's witnessed a tragic economic depression , the rise of Fascist dictators in Europe , the wasting Civil War in Spain . +Very much the political man , Helion felt himself deeply affected by the increasingly pessimistic atmosphere of France and all Europe , whose foundations seemed to him more and more shaky . +In 1936 he decided to migrate to America . +The Rooseveltian America was a haven of liberalism and progress and seemed to him to constitute the last best hope for civilization . +Helion also hoped that America's mastery of technology and industrial efficiency would be accompanied by the production of new and beautiful art works . +`` I arrived in the United States with the idea of establishing myself there more or less permanently and finding inspiration for new compositions '' . +

+

In New York he was well received by what was then only a small brave band of non-figurative artists , including Alexander Calder , George K. L. Morris , De Kooning , Holty and a few others . +After a year in a studio on Sheridan Square , having married an American girl who was a native of Virginia , Helion moved to a village in the Blue Ridge mountains , where he produced some of the most imposing of his abstract canvases . +

+

The darkening world scene , at the time of the Munich Pact , continued to trouble his mind even in his remote Virginia studio . +`` Fear possessed me , and the certainty of war '' , he has related . +`` I truly smelled blood , death , heaps of corpses everywhere '' . +In haste he labored to finish some last abstract paintings : a three-panel frieze , with a flying figure and a fallen figure ; ; +a `` Double-Figure '' , which went to the Chicago Art Institute , and is considered by him the most successful of his abstracts ; ; +and in early 1939 , a `` Fallen Figure '' of very ominous character , which concluded his abstract phase . +`` I knew I was carrying on with abstraction to its very end -- for me '' , he said of the two years' output in Virginia . +With those paintings of big constructions crashing down , he felt he could stop . +They were , in effect his last testament to non-objective art . +

+

He had taken out first papers for American citizenship ; ; +but after war came to Europe , he decided to return to France , arriving there in January , 1940 . +`` I hated the war '' , he said , `` but thought I ought to go because I was , perhaps , one of those who hadn't done enough to prevent it '' . +

+

In June , 1940 , Sergeant Helion , with a company of reserve troops waiting to go into battle , was sketching the hills south of the Loire River , when the war suddenly rolled in upon him . +Its first apparition was a long , gloomy column of refugees riding in farm wagons , or pushing prams . +His company then carried out a confused retreating movement until it was surrounded by the Germans , a few days before France capitulated . +After a sort of death march during four days without food , Helion and his comrades were shipped by cattle-car to a labor camp at an estate farm in East Germany . +A year later they were removed to a Stalag in the harbor of Stettin . +At the time of his capture Helion had on his person a sketchbook he had bought at Woolworth's in New York . +When he was stripped , deloused and numbered by his guards , his much-thumbed sketchbook was seized and thrown on a pile of prisoners' goods to be confiscated . +`` It was then I knew that they were making war against Man , the individual within ! ! +-- who questioned things when given orders '' . +

+

At Stettin the university-educated artist , who had studied German , was chosen to serve as interpreter and clerk in the office of the Stalag commander . +In secret he also acted as a member of the prisoners' Central Committee , which plotted sabotage , planned a few escapes , and maintained a hidden control over the wretched French slave-laborers . +

+

In the Stalag , Helion came to know and love his comrades , most of them plain folk , who , in their extremity , showed true courage and ran great risks to help each other . +How much they esteemed him is shown by the fact that their underground committee selected him as one of the few who would be helped to escape . +In the prison camp's Black Market civilian clothes were quietly bought and forged papers were devised for him ; ; +during long weeks the plan for his flight was rehearsed . +

+

Every morning contingents of prisoners would be sent out to labor in nearby factories . +One evening , while a volley-ball game was being played in the yard among the prisoners remaining there , a simulated melee was staged -- just as the gates were opened to admit other prisoners returning from work . +As Helion wrote afterward : `` +

+

Their sentry followed . +Four hands were stretched toward me by my comrades behind me . +Marquet held my briefcase ; ; +Finot held a wallet with my money and papers ; ; +Moineau and David held nothing but their fingers . +They felt rough and kind and warm . +At this moment the volley-ball hit the ground . +Duclos ran toward Desprez with fists raised . +The guards all rushed up to intervene '' +

+

Shedding his prison cloak , Helion shot through the gates , now clad in civilian garments and with the passport of a Flemish worker . +Riding trains , hitching hikes on trucks across Germany , slipping through guarded frontiers with the help of secret guides , he eventually reached Vichy France , and , by the winter of 1943 , was back in Virginia . +He wrote : `` +

+

To escape from a prison camp required a very special state of mind ; ; +not only loathing of captivity , but a faith , a hope that is even stronger . +I left behind me brave men , whom captivity had robbed of all hope . +They too loved their families , longed for their villages : yet lacked the faith that drove one to dare the fearful chance of escape '' . +

+

It was a time of revelations for him . +Even the most rational of men , under great stress , may be transported by a new faith and behave like mystics . +Helion knew that he owed his freedom as much to the self-sacrifice of his fellow-men in Arbeitskommando 13 , , Stettin , as to his own fierce will and love of life . +After that , he declared , `` to return to freedom was to fall to one's knees before the real world and adore it '' . +In prison he had been able to sketch nothing but figures from life , his guards , his companions in misery . +Now all his desires centered on `` rediscovering and singing of the prosaic and yet beautiful world of men and objects so long barred from me by a barbed wire fence '' . +And , he added : `` During the many months in prison camp , all abstract images vanished from my mind '' . +

+

Before leaving for America , he happened to see his old friend Jean Arp and confided to him his new resolutions . +Arp protested : `` But it is impossible ! ! +Everything in the way of representation has already been done by the old masters '' . +Helion , however , clung to the belief that `` in escaping from the Stalag I had also escaped from Abstraction '' . +

+

While convalescing in his Virginia home he wrote a book recording his prison experiences and escape , entitled : They Shall Not Have Me Published originally in ( Helion's ) English by Dutton & Co. of New York , in 1943 , the book was received by the press as a work of astonishing literary power and one of the most realistic accounts of World War 2 , from the French side . +It was very widely read , too ; ; +and the author , who seemed the embodiment of France's rising spirit of resistance to her conquerors , was much complimented for his daring military action . +But when he showed his new figurative pictures to his artist friends of the abstract camp , they paid him no compliments and drew long faces . +

+

Between 1944 and 1947 Helion had a series of one-man shows -- at the Paul Rosenberg Gallery in New York and in Paris -- of his new realistic pictures . +They reincarnated the figures of human beings banished from his canvases since the 1920's . +These new pictures focussed on the familiar and commonplace objects that he had heard the men in his prison camp talking about as the things they missed most , hence associated with the sense of lost freedom : the cafe at the corner , the newspaper kiosk , the girls in doorways and windows along the street , the golden-crusted French bread they lacked , the cigarettes denied them . +One of the pictures was of a man with hat drawn over his face ceremoniously lighting a cigarette ; ; +others were of men doffing their hats to each other , carrying umbrellas with pomp , reading newspapers , or simply showing loaves of bread spread out . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g29.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g29.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f7a9e4eeeca03196cee96583f82d62f26273d37b --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g29.xml @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +Sample G29 from [Anonymous,] "References for the Good Society" + Manas, XIV: 14 (April 5, 1961), 1-2 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,005 words 604 (30.1%) quotes 1 symbolG29

Used by permission. 0010-1760

 [Anonymous,] "References for the Good Society" + Manas, XIV: 14 (April 5, 1961), 1-2 +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Some years ago Julian Huxley proposed to an audience made up of members of the British Association for the Advancement of Science that `` man's supernormal or extra-sensory faculties are ( now ) in the same case as were his mathematical faculties during the ice age '' . +As a Humanist , Dr. Huxley interests himself in the possibilities of human development , and one thing we can say about this suggestion , which comes from a leading zoologist , is that , so far as he is concerned , the scientific outlook places no rigid limitation upon the idea of future human evolution . +

+

This text from Dr. Huxley is sometimes used by enthusiasts to indicate that they have the permission of the scientists to press the case for a wonderful unfoldment of psychic powers in human beings . +There may be a case of this sort , but it is not one we wish to argue , here . +Even if people do , in a not far distant future , begin to read one another's minds , there will still be the question of whether what you find in another man's mind is especially worth reading -- worth more , that is , than what you can read in good books . +Even if men eventually find themselves able to look through walls and around corners , one may question whether this will help them to live better lives . +There would be side-conclusions to be drawn , of course ; ; +such capacities are impressive evidence pointing to a conception of the human being which does not appear in the accounts of biologists and organic evolutionists ; ; +but the basic puzzles of existence would still be puzzling , and we should still have to work out the sort of problems we plan to discuss in this article . +

+

All we want from Dr. Huxley's statement is the feeling that this is an open world , in the view of the best scientific opinion , with practically no directional commitments as to what may happen next , and no important confinements with respect to what may be possible . +

+

It seems quite obvious that all the really difficult tasks of human beings arise from the fact that man is not one , but many . +Each man , that is , is both one and many . +He is a dreamer of the good society with a plan to put into effect , and he is an individual craftsman with something to make for himself and the people of his time . +He is a parent with a child to nurture , here and now , and he is an educator who worries about the children half way round the world . +He is a utopian with a stake in tomorrow and he is a vulnerable human made captive by the circumstances of today . +He can sacrifice himself for tomorrow and he can sacrifice tomorrow for himself . +He is a Craig's wife who agonizes about tobacco ash on the living room rug and he is a forgetful genius who goes boating with the town baker when dignitaries from the local university have come to call . +He is the stern guardian of the status quo who has raised the utilitarian structures of the age , and he is the revolutionary poet with a gun in his hand who writes a tragic apologetic to posterity for the men he has killed . +

+

What will be the final symmetry of the good society ? ? +For what do the utopians labor ? ? +Here , on a desk , is a stack of pamphlets representing the efforts of some of the best men of the day to penetrate these questions . +The pamphlets are about law , the corporation , forms of government , the idea of freedom , the defense of liberty , the various lethargies which overtake our major institutions , the gap between traditional social ideals and the working mechanisms that have been set in motion for their realization . +The thing that is notable in all these discussions is the lack of ideological ardor . +There is another kind of ardor , a quiet , sure devotion to the fundamental decencies of human life , but no angry utopian contentions . +Actually , you could wish for some passion , now and then , but when you look around the world and see the little volcanos of current history which partisan social passions have wrought , you are glad that in these pamphlets there is at least some civilized calm . +

+

You could also say that in these pamphlets is a relieving quality of maturity . +There is essential pleasantness in reading the writing of men who are not angry , who can contend without quarreling . +This is the good kind of sophistication , and with all our problems and crises this kind of sophistication has flowered in the United States during recent years . +A characteristic expression of such concern and inquiry is found in Joseph P. Lyford's Introduction To The Agreeable Autocracies , a recent paperback study of the institutions of modern democratic society . +Mr. Lyford gives voice to a temper that represents , we think , an achieved plateau of reflective thinking . +After casting about for a way of describing this spirit , we decided that it would be better to use Mr. Lyford's introduction as an illustration . +He begins : `` +

+

At one time it seemed as if the Soviet Union had done us a favor by providing a striking example of how not to behave towards other peoples and other nations . +As things turned out , however , we have not profited greatly from the lesson : instead of persistently following a national program of our own we have often been satisfied to be against whatever Soviet policy seemed to be at the moment . +Such activity may or may not have irritated the Kremlin , but it has frequently condemned America to an unnatural defensiveness that has undermined our effort to give leadership to the free world . +

+

The defensiveness has been exaggerated by another bad habit , our tendency to rate the `` goodness '' or `` badness '' of other nations by the extent to which they applaud the slogans we circulate about ourselves . +Since the slogans have little application to reality and are sanctimonious to boot , the applause is faint even in areas of the world where we should expect to find the greatest affection for free government . +Shocked at the response to our proclamations , we grow more defensive , and worse , we lose our sense of humor and proportion . +Mr. Nehru is subjected to stern lectures on neutralism by our Department of State , and an American President observes sourly that Sweden would be a little less neurotic if it were a little more capitalistic '' . +

+

One thing you can say about Mr. Lyford is that he does not suffer from any insecurity as an American . +Those who are insecure fear to be candid in self-examination . +Only the strong look squarely at weakness . +The maturity in this point of view lies in its recognition that no basic problem is ever solved without being clearly understood . +Mr. Lyford continues : `` +

+

Even if the self portrait we distribute for popular consumption were accurate it would be dangerous to present it as a picture of the ideal society . +We would be ignoring the special circumstances of other countries . +The picture is the more treacherous when it misrepresents the facts of American life . +The discrepancy between what we commonly profess and what we practice or tolerate is great , and it does not escape the notice of others . +If our sincerity is granted , and it is granted , the discrepancy can only be explained by the fact that we have come to believe hearsay and legend about ourselves in preference to an understanding gained by earnest self-examination . +What is more , the legends have become so sacrosanct that the very habit of self-examination or self-criticism smells of low treason , and men who practice it are defeatists and unpatriotic scoundrels . +

+

Although we continue to pay our conversational devotions to `` free private enterprise '' , `` individual initiative '' , `` the democratic way '' , `` government of the people '' , `` competition of the marketplace '' , etc. , we live rather comfortably in a society in which economic competition is diminishing in large areas , bureaucracy is corroding representative government , technology is weakening the citizen's confidence in his own power to make decisions , and the threat of war is driving him economically and physically into the ground '' . +

+

The interesting thing about Mr. Lyford's approach , and the approach of the contributors to The Agreeable Autocracies ( Oceana Publications , 1961 ) to the situation of American civilization , is that it is concerned with comprehending the psychological relationships which are having a decisive effect on American life . +In an ideological argument , the participants tend to thump the table . +They are determined to prove something . +The new spirit , so well illustrated by Mr. Lyford's work , is wholly free of this anxiety . +The problem is rather to find out what is actually happening , and this is especially difficult for the reason that `` we are busily being defended from a knowledge of the present , sometimes by the very agencies -- our educational system , our mass media , our statesmen -- on which we have had to rely most heavily for understanding of ourselves '' . +The Introduction continues : `` +

+

We experience a vague uneasiness about events , a suspicion that our political and economic institutions , like the genie in the bottle , have escaped confinement and that we have lost the power to recall them . +We feel uncomfortable at being bossed by a corporation or a union or a television set , but until we have some knowledge about these phenomena and what they are doing to us , we can hardly learn to control them . +It does not appear that we will be delivered from our situation by articles on The National Purpose . +

+

The Agreeable Autocracies is an attempt to explore some of the institutions which both reflect and determine the character of the free society today . +The men who speculate on these institutions have , for the most part , come to at least one common conclusion : that many of the great enterprises and associations around which our democracy is formed are in themselves autocratic in nature , and possessed of power which can be used to frustrate the citizen who is trying to assert his individuality in the modern world '' . +

+

These institutions which Mr. Lyford names `` agreeable autocracies '' -- where did they come from ? ? +Of one thing we can be sure : they were not sketched out by the revolutionary theorists of the eighteenth century who formulated the political principles and originally shaped the political institutions of what we term the `` free society '' . +No doubt there are historians who can explain to a great extent what happened to the plans and projects of the eighteenth century . +Going back over this ground and analyzing the composition of forces which have created the present scene is one of the tasks undertaken by the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions , in Santa Barbara . +But however we come , finally , to explain and account for the present , the truth we are trying to expose , right now , is that the makers of constitutions and the designers of institutions find it difficult if not impossible to anticipate the behavior of the host of all their enterprises . +The host is the flowing life of the human race . +This life has its own currents and rhythms , its own multiple cycles and adaptations . +On occasion it produces extraordinary novelties . +Should Rousseau have been able to leave room in his social theory for the advent of television , atomic energy , and IBM machines ? ? +How would Thomas Jefferson feel after reading Factories In The Field ? ? +They tell us , sir , that we are free , because we have in one hand a ballot , and in the other a stock certificate . +With these we shape our destiny and own private property , and that , sir , makes ours the best of all possible societies . +The reality of the situation , however , is described by Mr. Lyford : `` +

+

Many of us may even be secretly relieved at having a plausible excuse to delegate ancient civic responsibilities to a new bureaucracy of experts . +Thus the member of an industrial union comes to regard his officers as business agents who may proceed without interference or recall ; ; +the stockholder delivers his proxy ; ; +and the citizen narrows his political participation to the mere act of voting -- if he votes at all '' . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g30.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g30.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..11ab398bda55f004b8d1ce2a106cda3ec5279d61 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g30.xml @@ -0,0 +1,149 @@ +Sample G30 from Norwood Russell Hanson, "Copernican and Keplerian Astronomy" + Journal of the History of Ideas, 22: 2 (April - June, 1961), + 174-179 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,008 words 169 (8.4%) quotesG30

Used by permission. 0010-1980

 Norwood Russell Hanson, "Copernican and Keplerian Astronomy" + Journal of the History of Ideas, 22: 2 (April - June, 1961), + 174-179 +

Typographical Error: abberations [1530] rectlinearly [0590]Note: nonsystematic [0900] non-systematic [1290]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Copernicus did not question it , Ptolemy could not . +Given the conceptual context within which ancient thought thrived , how could anyone have questioned this principle ? ? +The reasons for this are partly observational , partly philosophical , and reinforced by other aesthetic and cultural factors . +

+

First , the observational reasons . +The obvious natural fact to ancient thinkers was the diurnal rotation of the heavens . +Not only did constellations like Draco , Cepheus , and Cassiopeia spin circles around the pole , but stars which were not circumpolar rose and set at the same place on the horizon each night . +Nor did a constellation's stars vary in brightness during the course of their nocturnal flights . +The conclusion -- the distances of the constellations did not vary and their paths were circular . +Moreover , the sun's path over earth described a segment of a great circle ; ; +this was clear from the contour of the shadow traced by a gnomon before and after noon . +

+

As early as the 6th century B.C. the earth was seen to be spherical . +Ships disappear hull-first over the horizon ; ; +approaching shore their masts appeared first . +Earth , being at the center of the universe , would have the same shape as the latter ; ; +so , e.g. did Aristotle argue , although this may not be an observational reason in favor of circularity . +The discoid shapes of sun and moon were also felt to indicate the shape of celestial things . +

+

In light of all this , one would require special reasons for saying that the paths of the heavenly bodies were other than circular . +Why , for example , should the ancients have supposed the diurnal rotation of the heavens to be elliptical ? ? +Or oviform ? ? +Or angular ? ? +There were no reasons for such suppositions then . +This , conjoined with the considerations above , made the circular motions of heavenly bodies appear an almost directly observed fact . +

+

Additional philosophical considerations , advanced notably by Aristotle , supported further the circularity principle . +By distinguishing superlunary ( celestial ) and sublunary ( terrestrial ) existence , and reinforcing this with the four-element physics of Empedocles , Aristotle came to speak of the stars as perfect bodies , which moved in only a perfect way , viz. in a perfect circle . +

+

Now what is perfect motion ? ? +It must , apparently , be motion without termini . +Because motion which begins and ends at discrete places would ( e.g. for Aristotle ) be incomplete . +Circular motion , however , since it is eternal and perfectly continuous , lacks termini . +It is never motion towards something . +Only imcomplete , imperfect things move towards what they lack . +Perfect , complete entities , if they move at all , do not move towards what they lack . +They move only in accordance with what is in their natures . +Thus , circular motion is itself one of the essential characteristics of completely perfect celestial existence . +

+

To return now to the four-element physics , a mixture of muddy , frothy water will , when standing in a jar , separate out with earth at the bottom , water on top , and the air on top of that . +A candle alight in the air directs its flame and smoke upwards . +This gives a clue to the cosmical order of elements . +Thus earth has fallen to the center of the universe . +It is covered ( partly ) with water , air is atop of that . +Pure fire ( the stars ) is in the heavens . +When combined with the metaphysical notion that pure forms of this universe are best appreciated when least embodied in a material substratum , it becomes clear that while earth will be dross on a scale of material-formal ratios , celestial bodies will be of a subtle , quickened , ethereal existence , in whose embodiment pure form will be the dominant component and matter will be absent or remain subsidiary . +

+

The stars constitute an order of existence different from what we encounter on earth . +This is clear when one distinguishes the types of motion appropriate to both regions . +A projectile shot up from earth returns rectlinearly to its ' natural ' place of rest . +But the natural condition for the heavenly bodies is neither rest , nor rectilinear motion . +Being less encumbered by material embodiments they partake more of what is divine . +Their motion will be eternal and perfect . +

+

Let us re-examine the publicized contrasts between Ptolemaic and Copernican astronomy . +Bluntly , there never was a Ptolemaic system of astronomy . +Copernicus' achievement was to have invented systematic astronomy . +The Almagest and The Hypotheses outline Ptolemy's conception of his own task as the provision of computational tables , independent calculating devices for the prediction of future planetary perturbations . +Indeed , in the Halma edition of Theon's presentation of The Hypotheses there is a chart setting out ( under six distinct headings ) otherwise unrelated diagrams for describing the planetary motions . +No attempt is made by Ptolemy to weld into a single scheme ( a-la-Aristotle ) , these independent predicting-machines . +They all have this in common : the earth is situated near the center of the deferent . +But that one should superimpose all these charts , run a pin through the common point , and then scale each planetary deferent larger and smaller ( to keep the epicycles from ' bumping ' ) , this is contrary to any intention Ptolemy ever expresses . +He might even suppose the planets to move at infinity . +Ptolemy's problem is to forecast where , against the inverted bowl of night , some particular light will be found at future times . +His problem concerns longitudes , latitudes , and angular velocities . +The distances of these points of light is a problem he cannot master , beyond crude conjectures as to the orderings of the planetary orbits viewed outward from earth . +But none of this has prevented scientists , philosophers , and even historians of science , from speaking of the Ptolemaic system , in contrast to the Copernican . +This is a mistake . +It is engendered by confounding the Aristotelian cosmology in The Almagest with the geocentric astronomy . +

+

Ptolemy recurrently denies that he could ever explain planetary motion . +This is what necessitates the nonsystematic character of his astronomy . +So when textbooks , like that of Baker set out drawings of the ' Ptolemaic System ' , complete with earth in the center and the seven heavenly bodies epicyclically arranged on their several deferents , we have nothing but a misleading 20th-century idea of what never existed historically . +

+

It is the chief merit in Copernicus' work that all his planetary calculations are interdependent . +He cannot , e.g. compute the retrograde arc traveled by Mars , without also making suppositions about the earth's own motion . +He cannot describe eclipses without entertaining some form of a three-body problem . +In Ptolemaic terms , however , eclipses and retrograde motion were phenomena simpliciter , to be explained directly as possible resultants of epicyclical combinations . +In a systematic astronomy , like that of Copernicus , retrogradations become part of the conceptual structure of the system ; ; +they are no longer a puzzling aspect of intricately variable , local planetary motions . +

+

Another contrast stressed when discussing Ptolemaic vs. Copernican astronomy , turns on the idea of simplicity . +It is often stated that Copernican astronomy is ' simpler ' than Ptolemaic . +Some even say that this is the reason for the ultimate acceptance of the former . +Thus , Margenau remarks : `` A large number of unrelated epicycles was needed to explain the observations , but otherwise the ( Ptolemaic ) system served well and with quantitative precision . +Copernicus , by placing the sun at the center of the planetary universe , was able to reduce the number of epicycles from eighty-three to seventeen . +Historical records indicate that Copernicus was unaware of the fundamental aspects of his so-called ' revolution ' , unaware perhaps of its historical importance , he rested content with having produced a simpler scheme for prediction . +As an illustration of the principle of simplicity the heliocentric discovery has a peculiar appeal because it allows simplicity to be arithmetized ; ; +it involves a reduction in the number of epicycles from eighty-three to seventeen '' . +

+

Without careful qualification this can be misleading . +If in any one calculation Ptolemy had had to invoke 83 epicycles all at once , while Copernicus never required more than one third this number , then ( in the sense obvious to Margenau ) Ptolemaic astronomy would be simpler than Copernican . +But no single planetary problem ever required of Ptolemy more than six epicycles at one time . +This , of course , results from the non-systematic , ' cellular ' character of Ptolemaic theory . +Calculations within the Copernican framework always raised questions about planetary configurations . +These could be met only by considering the dynamical elements of several planets at one time . +This is more ambitious than Ptolemy is ever required to be when he faces his isolated problems . +Thus , in no ordinary sense of ' simplicity ' is the Ptolemaic theory simpler than the Copernican . +The latter required juggling several elements simultaneously . +This was not simpler but much more difficult than exercises within Ptolemy's astronomy . +

+

Analogously , anyone who argues that Einstein's theory of gravitation is simpler than Newton's , must say rather more to explain how it is that the latter is mastered by student-physicists , while the former can be managed ( with difficulty ) only by accomplished experts . +

+

In a sense , Einstein's theory is simpler than Newton's , and there is a corresponding sense in which Copernicus' theory is simpler than Ptolemy's . +But ' simplicity ' here refers to systematic simplicity . +The number of primitive ideas in systematically-simple theories is reduced to a minimum . +The Axioms required to make the theoretical machinery operate are set out tersely and powerfully , so that all permissible operations within the theory can be traced rigorously back to these axioms , rules , and primitive notions . +This characterizes Euclid's formulation of geometry , but not Ptolemy's astronomy . +There are in The Almagest no rules for determining in advance whether a new epicycle will be required for dealing with abberations in lunar , solar , or planetary behavior . +The strongest appeal of the Copernican formulation consisted in just this : ideally , the justification for dealing with special problems in particular ways is completely set out in the basic ' rules ' of the theory . +The lower-level hypotheses are never ' ad hoc ' , never introduced ex post facto just to sweep up within the theory some recalcitrant datum . +Copernicus , to an extent unachieved by Ptolemy , approximated to Euclid's vision . +De Revolutionibus is not just a collection of facts and techniques . +It is an organized system of these things . +Solving astronomical problems requires , for Copernicus , not a random search of unrelated tables , but a regular employment of the rules defining the entire discipline . +

+

Hence , noting the simplicity achieved in Copernicus' formulation does not provide another reason for the acceptance of De Revolutionibus , another reason beyond its systematic superiority . +It provides exactly the same reason . +

+

1543 A.D. is often venerated as the birthday of the scientific revolution . +It is really the funeral day of scholastic science . +Granted , the cosmological , philosophical , and cultural reverberations initiated by the De Revolutionibus were felt with increasing violence during the 300 years to follow . +But , considered within technical astronomy , a different pattern can be traced . +

+

In what does the dissatisfaction of Copernicus-the-astronomer consist ? ? +What in The Almagest draws his fire ? ? +Geocentricism per se ? ? +No . +The formal displacement of the geocentric principle far from being Copernicus' primary concern , was introduced only to resolve what seemed to him intolerable in orthodox astronomy , namely , the ' unphysical ' triplication of centric reference-points : one center from which the planet's distances were calculated , another around which planetary velocities were computed , and still a third center ( the earth ) from which the observations originated . +This arrangement was for Copernicus literally monstrous : `` With ( the Ptolemaists ) it is as though an artist were to gather the hands , feet , head and other members for his images from divers models , each part excellently drawn , but not related to a single body ; ; +and since they in no way match each other , the result would be a monster rather than a man '' . +

+

Copernicus required a systematically integrated , physically intelligible astronomy . +His objective was , essentially , to repair those aspects of orthodox astronomy responsible for its deficiencies in achieving these ends . +That such deficiencies existed within Ptolemy's theory was not discovered de novo by Copernicus . +The critical , rigorous examinations of Nicholas of Cusa and Nicholas of Oresme provided the context ( a late medieval context ) for Nicholas Copernicus' own work . +The latter looked backward upon inherited deficiencies . +Without abandoning too much , Copernicus sought to make orthodox astronomy systematically and mechanically acceptable . +He did not think himself to be firing the first shot of an intellectual revolution . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g36.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g36.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..45177c4f3bfcbd779f686113d75868fe69e428b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g36.xml @@ -0,0 +1,203 @@ +Sample G36 from DeWitt Copp and Marshall Peck, Betrayal at the UN: the story of + Paul Bang-Jensen. New York: The Devin-Adair Company, 1961. + Pp. 208-215. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,012 words 1271 (63.2%) quotesG36

Used by permission. 0010-1880

 DeWitt Copp and Marshall Peck, Betrayal at the UN: the story of + Paul Bang-Jensen. New York: The Devin-Adair Company, 1961. + Pp. 208-215. +

Arbitrary Hyphen: wind-swept [0180]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The group , upon the issuance of its first press release on December 21 , 1957 , designated itself a `` Committee of Investigation '' . +In the course of its inquiry , it took testimony from only seven witnesses . +It heard Bang-Jensen twice and his lawyer , Adolf A. Berle , Jr. , once . +

+

Its second press release was on January 15 , 1958 , and it recommended that the secret papers be destroyed . +It also implied that Paul Bang-Jensen had been irresponsible . +

+

On January 18 , Ernest Gross conducted a press conference at the U.N. lasting an hour . +Here , he openly attacked Bang-Jensen and referred to his `` aberrant conduct '' . +This conference was held despite Stavropoulos' assurance to Adolf Berle , who was leaving the same day for Puerto Rico , that nothing would be done until his return on January 22 , except that the Secretary General would probably order the list destroyed . +

+

On January 24 Paul Bang-Jensen , accompanied by Adolf Berle , was met by Dragoslav Protitch and Colonel Frank Begley , former Police Chief of Farmington , Conn. , and now head of U.N. special police . +

+

The four , bundled in overcoats , mounted to the wind-swept roof of the U.N. +

+

There , Begley lit a fire in a wire basket , and Bang-Jensen dropped four sealed envelopes into the flames . +In one of these he said were notes on the identities of the eighty-one refugees . +

+

The method of destroying the evidence embarrassed Paul Bang-Jensen . +He knew it would be implied that it was done in this way at his insistence . +He was right , and Peter Marshall could not help but recall Andrew Cordier's words on the subject , `` Well , it seemed as good a place as any to do the job '' . +

+

The Gross group had been formed for the express purpose of advising the Secretary General . +Hammarskjold's supposed desire to seek outside legal advice in the guise of Ernest Gross is illusion , at best . +Gross's , being `` outside '' the U.N. applied only to a physical state , not an objective one . +But by the time the papers were finally disposed of , the group had informed the world of its purpose , its recommendations , and its belief that Paul Bang-Jensen was not of sound mind . +

+

Shortly the group would issue its report to the Secretary General , recommending Paul Bang-Jensen's dismissal from the United Nations . +The contents of this 195-page document would become known to many before it would become known to the man it was written about . +

+

`` Until this Hungarian Committee matter came up , Bang-Jensen was a fine and devoted individual . +I had known him for some years , when I was a delegate and before , and this manner had never been his '' . +

+

Ernest A. Gross leaned back in his chair and told Peter Marshall how Secretary General Dag Hammarskjold had , on December 4 , 1957 , called him in as a private lawyer to review Bang-Jensen's conduct `` relating to his association with the Special Committee on the problem of Hungary '' . +The result was the `` Gross Report '' , prepared by Gross , as chairman , with the assistance of two U.N. Under Secretaries , Constantin Stavropoulos and Philippe De Seynes . +

+

`` Yes '' , Gross went on , `` Bang-Jensen was an up-and-coming young man . +He had always done well . +Never well known , but he had done his work competently . +

+

Gross had received Marshall courteously and they were discussing the case . +`` You know '' , the lawyer said , `` it's difficult to talk like this about a man who can't answer back '' . +

+

Gross was behind a clean-top desk , only a manila folder before him . +Marshall sat in one of the several leather chairs . +Outside the office windows , twenty-four stories above Wall Street , a light rain was falling . +

+

`` Mr. Gross , your report says that ' our function is investigative and advisory and does not in any way derogate from or prejudice Mr. Bang-Jensen's rights as a staff member . +You know , Bang-Jensen characterized your Committee as having prejudged his case '' . +

+

Gross swung his swivel chair . +`` Well , how could that have been ? ? +I don't consider that he was prejudged . +We were given a job and we carried it out , and later , his case was taken up by the Disciplinary Committee . +

+

`` We have nothing to hide under a bushel . +We did our job , Mr. Stavropoulos and Mr. De Seynes and myself , taking evidence from a number of people '' . +

+

`` What did you think about his mental state '' ? ? +

+

`` I think our report sums up our finding '' , Gross answered . +`` Don't forget , here was a man who had been accusing his colleagues for almost a year of willfully attempting to present an incorrect report . +

+

`` This was not merely alleging errors , but was carried out by day-after-day allegations in memos , written charges of serious consequence . +

+

`` This is a distressing thing . +Supposing you or I were being accused in this manner , and yet we were doing our level best to carry on our work . +No organization can carry on like that . +

+

`` I've been in government and I can tell some pretty hairy stories about personnel difficulties , so I know what a problem he was '' . +

+

`` What I'd like you to comment on is the criticism leveled at your Committee '' . +

+

`` What do you mean '' ? ? +

+

`` For instance , regarding the fact that the Gross Committee issued two interim announcements to the press during its investigation . +You know Bang-Jensen was told the Committee was ' to convey its views , suggestions and recommendations to the Secretary General . +In his own words , Bang-Jensen ' took it for granted that the Group would report to the Secretary General privately and not in public . +He claimed that the release of the preliminary findings was ' prejudicial to his position ' '' . +

+

Gross bristled . +For an instant he glared speechless at Marshall . +`` Listen '' , he said . +`` I thought the entire report was going to be confidential from beginning to end . +But you know Bang-Jensen launched an active campaign against us in the press . +It was getting so that we , the Committee , were being tried . +You can find it in the papers '' . +

+

`` Well , as a matter of fact , I've looked through back-issue files of New York papers for December , 1957 , and haven't found a great deal '' -- +

+

Gross shot another look at Marshall . +`` It wasn't necessarily all here in New York . +Don't forget the foreign press '' . +

+

`` Then what about the second interim public announcement ? ? +This cited Bang-Jensen's ' aberrant conduct ' '' . +

+

`` The reason for that report was to settle the matter of the list . +As far as I'm concerned , it was a separate matter from the general Committee study of Bang-Jensen's conduct . +The January fifteen report recommended that Bang-Jensen be instructed to burn the list -- the papers -- in the presence of a U.N. Security Officer '' . +

+

`` How about your press conference three days later -- what was the reason for that ? ? +Bang-Jensen said you told correspondents that you had checked in advance to make sure the term ' aberrant conduct ' was not libelous . +He claimed you made other slanderous allegations '' . +

+

Gross paused and repeated himself . +`` The entire object of the press conference was to clarify the problem of the list , since many in the press were querying the U.N. about it . +What was the list ? ? +I don't know . +Bang-Jensen never explained what the documents or papers were that he had in his possession . +

+

`` It was foolish of him to keep them , whatever they were . +He could have been blackmailed , or his family might have been threatened . +Of course the matter caught the public's attention . +We attempted to conclude this , and did so by having the papers burned . +

+

Hammarskjold didn't like the way it was carried out . +It was a sort of Gotterdammerung affair . +Hammarskjold believes the U.N. is an organization that settles matters in a procedural way . +

+

Peter Marshall reflected . +If Hammarskjold had not wanted the list disposed of in this manner , and if Bang-Jensen had not wanted it -- who had ordered it ? ? +

+

`` Mr. Gross , concerning the formation of your Committee , there's the fact that you have been a legal adviser to the U.N. in the past ; ; +as I understand it , Mr. Hammarskjold wanted outside advice . +Could you comment on that '' ? ? +

+

`` I've served as a counsel for the U.N. for some years , specializing particularly in real estate matters or other problems that the regular U.N. legal staff might not be equipped to handle . +Mr. Stavropoulos is the U.N. legal chief and a very good man , but he is not fully versed on some technical points of American law '' . +

+

`` What did you think about Bang-Jensen's contention of errors and omissions in the Hungarian report '' ? ? +Marshall asked . +

+

`` Those '' ! ! +Gross answered . +`` Why , Mick Shann went over and over the report with Alsing Andersen , trying to check them out . +Even after the incident between Bang-Jensen and Shann in the Delegates' Lounge and this was not the way the Chicago Tribune presented it '' . +

+

Gross reached in his desk and pulled out two newspaper clippings . +One was an article on the U.N. by Alice Widener from the Cincinnati Enquirer . +The other was by Chesly Manley in the Chicago Daily Tribune . +

+

Gross pointed to the Manley story . +`` I know Ches , he's a friend of mine . +He probably didn't mean to write it this way , or maybe he did . +There wasn't any ' violent argument ' between Bang-Jensen and Shann , as the Tribune puts it . +That implies that Shann was on the enemy side . +You see what I mean ? ? +How it's phrased there -- the word violent . +

+

`` The case was that Bang-Jensen came up to Shann claiming he had found further errors in the report . +' I've found errors and I want you to look them over . +So once again Shann had to argue with him about this . +But it wasn't a violent discussion . +And after all this , Shann went over all that Bang-Jensen had brought up '' . +

+

( Shann's own report , Peter Marshall reflected , describes the encounter as `` immoderate '' . +Bang-Jensen was in `` hysterical condition '' . +

+

Gross stopped briefly , then went on . +`` Shann was responsible for the report . +He has felt terrible about all this . +It was a good report , he did all he could to make it a good report . +When I speak of how Shann felt , I know well . +Don't forget , I am an old member of the club , a former delegate . +I think you are being unfair to take these things up now . +

+

`` You know , this hits in many areas . +It appeals to those who were frustrated in the outcome of the Hungarian situation . +Don't forget , the U.N. did no more than the United States did . +It takes a great deal of sophisticated thought to get the impact of this fact '' . +

+

Chapter 22 +from the home of his friend , Henrik Kauffmann , in Washington , D.C. , Paul Bang-Jensen sent a telegram dated December 9 , 1957 , to Ernest Gross . +It said in part : +

+

`` the matters to be considered are obviously of a grave character , and I therefore respectfully request that the hearing be postponed for two weeks in order that I might make adequate preparation '' . +

+

Ernest Gross replied the next day , putting the suspended diplomat's fears to rest . +`` This reveals some misunderstanding on your part . +The group conducting the review is not holding formal hearings . +It wished to pursue , in the course of this review , questions arising from the body of material already in its possession . +

+

It sounded like a fair enough invitation , Peter Marshall reflected , and Bang-Jensen must have thought so too , because on the thirteenth , he met the group of three on the thirty-sixth floor of the U.N. . +There , Ernest Gross further assured him : +

+

`` We were requested by the Secretary General , as I understand it , to discuss with you such matters as appear to us to be relevant , and we are not of course either a formal group or a committee in the sense of being guided by any rules or regulations of the Secretariat . +The only rules which I think we shall follow will be those of common sense , justice , and fairness '' . +

+

Peter Marshall noted that Bang-Jensen had later referred to his two interviews with the Gross group as `` unfortunate experiences '' , and after his second meeting on the sixteenth the Dane refused to attend further hearings without legal counsel . +Marshall pondered the reason for this , and pondered too the replacement of one member of the three-man group . +

+

J. A. C. Robertson , after serving Gross one week , left for England . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g39.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g39.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba0051618d2da0fe754e9aee05e3feddd1037a4b --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g39.xml @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +Sample G39 from Edward Jablonski, Harold Arlen Happy with the Blues. + New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1961. Pp. 132-137. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,055 words 463 (22.5%) quotesG39

Used by permission. 0010-1870

 Edward Jablonski, Harold Arlen Happy with the Blues. + New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1961. Pp. 132-137. +

Typographical Errors: expressivness [0480]monacle [for monocle] [0900, 0930, 0950, 0960, 0980]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

When Harold Arlen returned to California in the winter of 1944 , it was to take up again a collaboration with Johnny Mercer , begun some years before . +The film they did after his return was an inconsequential bit of nothing titled Out Of This World , a satire on the Sinatra bobby-soxer craze . +The twist lay in using Bing Crosby's voice on the sound track while leading man Eddie Bracken mouthed the words . +If nothing else , at least two good songs came out of the project , `` Out Of This World '' and `` June Comes Around Every Year '' . +

+

Though they would produce some very memorable and lasting songs , Arlen and Mercer were not given strong material to work on . +Their first collaboration came close . +Early in 1941 they were assigned to a script titled Hot Nocturne . +It purported to be a reasonably serious attempt at a treatment of jazz musicians , their aims , their problems -- the tug-of-war between the `` pure '' and the `` commercial '' -- and seemed a promising vehicle , for the two men shared a common interest in jazz . +

+

Johnny Mercer practically grew up with the sound of jazz and the blues in his ears . +He was born in Savannah , Georgia , in 1909 . +His father , George A. Mercer , was descended from an honored Southern family that could trace its ancestry back to one Hugh Mercer , who had emigrated from Scotland in 1747 . +

+

The lyricist's father was a lawyer who had branched out into real estate . +His second wife , Lillian , was the mother of John H. Mercer . +By the age of six young Johnny indicated that he had the call . +One day he followed the Irish Jasper Greens , the town band , to a picnic and spent the entire day listening , while his family spent the day looking . +The disappearance caused his family to assign a full-time maid to keeping an eye on the boy . +But one afternoon Mrs. Mercer met her ; ; +both were obviously on the way to the Mercer home . +The mother inquired , `` Where's Johnny , and why did you leave him '' ? ? +`` There was nothing else I could do '' , the maid answered , satisfied with a rather vague explanation . +But Mrs. Mercer demanded more . +The maid then told her , `` Because he fired me '' . +

+

With her son evidencing so strong a musical bent his mother could do little else but get him started on the study of music -- though she waited until he was ten -- beginning with the piano and following that with the trumpet . +Young Mercer showed a remarkable lack of aptitude for both instruments . +Still , he did like music making and even sang in the chapel choir of the Woodberry Forest School , near Orange , Virginia , where he sounded fine but did not matriculate too well . +

+

When he was fifteen John H. Mercer turned out his first song , a jazzy little thing he called `` Sister Susie , Strut Your Stuff '' . +If his scholarship and formal musicianship were not all they might have been , Mercer demonstrated at an early age that he was gifted with a remarkable ear for rhythm and dialect . +From his playmates in Savannah , Mercer had picked up , along with a soft Southern dialect , traces also of the Gullah dialects of Africa . +Such speech differences made him acutely aware of the richness and expressivness of language . +

+

During the summers , while he was still in school , Mercer worked for his father's firm as a messenger boy . +It generally took well into the autumn for the firm to recover from the summer's help . +`` We'd give him things to deliver , letters , checks , deeds and things like that '' , remembers his half-brother Walter , still in the real estate business in Savannah , `` and learn days later that he'd absent-mindedly stuffed them into his pocket . +There they stayed '' . +

+

This rather detached attitude toward life's encumbrances has seemed to be the dominant trait in Mercer's personality ever since . +It is , however , a disarming disguise , or perhaps a shield , for not only has Mercer proved himself to be one of the few great lyricists over the years , but also one who can function remarkably under pressure . +He has also enjoyed a successful career as an entertainer ( his records have sold in the millions ) and is a sharp businessman . +

+

He has also an extraordinary conscience . +In 1927 his father's business collapsed , and , rather than go bankrupt , Mercer senior turned his firm over to a bank for liquidation . +He died before he could completely pay off his debts . +Some years later the bank handling the Mercer liquidation received a check for $300,000 , enough to clear up the debt . +The check had been mailed from Chicago , the envelope bore no return address , and the check was not signed . +

+

`` That's Johnny '' , sighed the bank president , `` the best-hearted boy in the world , but absent-minded '' . +But Mercer's explanation was simple : `` I made out the check and carried it around a few days unsigned -- in case I lost it '' . +When he remembered that he might have not signed the check , Mercer made out another for the same amount , instructing the bank to destroy the other -- especially if he had happened to have absent-mindedly signed both of them . +

+

When the family business failed , Mercer left school and on his mother's urging -- for she hoped that he would become an actor -- he joined a local little theater group . +When the troupe traveled to New York to participate in a one-act-play competition -- and won -- Mercer , instead of returning with the rest of the company in triumph , remained in New York . +He had talked one other member of the group to stay with him , but that friend had tired of not eating regularly and returned to Savannah . +But Mercer hung on , living , after a fashion , in a Greenwich Village fourth-flight walk-up . +`` The place had no sink or washbasin , only a bathtub '' , his mother discovered when she visited him . +`` Johnny insisted on cooking a chicken dinner in my honor -- he's always been a good cook -- and I'll never forget him cleaning the chicken in the tub '' . +

+

A story , no doubt apocryphal , for Mercer himself denies it , has him sporting a monacle in those Village days . +Though merely clear glass , it was a distinctive trade mark for an aspiring actor who hoped to imprint himself upon the memories of producers . +One day in a bar , so the legend goes , someone put a beer stein with too much force on the monacle and broke it . +The innocent malfeasant , filled with that supreme sense of honor found in bars , insisted upon replacing the destroyed monacle -- and did , over the protests of the former owner -- with a square monacle . +Mercer is supposed to have refused it with , `` Anyone who wears a square monacle must be affected '' ! ! +

+

Everett Miller , then assistant director for the Garrick Gaieties , a Theatre Guild production , needed a lyricist for a song he had written ; ; +he just happened not to need any actor at the moment , however . +For him Mercer produced the lyric to `` Out Of Breath Scared To Death Of You '' , introduced in that most successful of all the Gaieties , by Sterling Holloway . +This 1930 edition also had songs in it by Vernon Duke and Ira Gershwin , by E. Y. Harburg and Duke , and by Harry Myers . +Entrance into such stellar song writing company encouraged the burgeoning song writer to take a wife , Elizabeth Meehan , a dancer in the Gaieties . +The Mercers took up residence in Brooklyn , and Mercer found a regular job in Wall Street `` misplacing stocks and bonds '' . +

+

When he heard that Paul Whiteman was looking for singers to replace the Rhythm Boys , Mercer applied and got the job , `` not for my voice , I'm sure , but because I could write songs and material generally '' . +While with the Whiteman band Mercer met Jerry Arlen . +He had yet to meet Harold Arlen , for although they had `` collaborated '' on `` Satan's Li'l Lamb '' , Mercer and Harburg had worked from a lead sheet the composer had furnished them . +The lyric , Mercer remembers , was tailored to fit the unusual melody . +

+

Mercer's Whiteman association brought him into contact with Hoagy Carmichael , whose `` Snowball '' Mercer relyriced as `` Lazybones '' , in which form it became a hit and marked the real beginning of Mercer's song-writing career . +After leaving Whiteman , Mercer joined the Benny Goodman band as a vocalist . +With the help of Ziggy Elman , also in the band , he transformed a traditional Jewish melody into a popular song , `` And The Angels Sing '' . +The countrywide success of `` Lazybones '' and `` And The Angels Sing '' could only lead to Hollywood , where , besides Harold Arlen , Mercer collaborated with Harry Warren , Jimmy Van Heusen , Richard Whiting , Walter Donaldson , Jerome Kern , and Arthur Schwartz . +Mercer has also written both music and lyrics for several songs . +He may be the only song writer ever to have collaborated with a secretary of the U. S. Treasury ; ; +he collaborated on a song with William Hartman Woodin , who was Secretary of the Treasury , 1932-33 . +

+

When Johnny Mercer and Harold Arlen began their collaboration in 1940 , Mercer , like Arlen , had several substantial film songs to his credit , among them `` Hooray For Hollywood '' , `` Ride , Tenderfoot , Ride '' , `` Have You Got Any Castles , Baby ? ? +'' , and `` Too Marvelous For Words '' ( all with Richard Whiting ) ; ; +with Harry Warren he did `` The Girl Friend Of The Whirling Dervish '' , `` Jeepers Creepers '' , and `` You Must Have Been A Beautiful Baby '' . +Mercer's lyrics are characterized by an unerring ear for rhythmic nuances , a puckish sense of humor expressed in language with a colloquial flair . +Though versatile and capable of turning out a ballad lyric with the best of them , Mercer's forte is a highly polished quasi-folk wit . +

+

His casual , dreamlike working methods , often as not in absentia , were an abrupt change from Harburg's , so that Arlen had to adjust again to another approach to collaboration . +There were times that he worked with both lyricists simultaneously . +

+

Speaking of his work with Johnny Mercer , Arlen says , `` Our working habits were strange . +After we got a script and the spots for the songs were blocked out , we'd get together for an hour or so every day . +While Johnny made himself comfortable on the couch , I'd play the tunes for him . +He has a wonderfully retentive memory . +After I would finish playing the songs , he'd just go away without a comment . +I wouldn't hear from him for a couple of weeks , then he'd come around with the completed lyric '' . +

+

Arlen is one of the few ( possibly the only ) composer Mercer has been able to work with so closely , for they held their meetings in Arlen's study . +`` Some guys bothered me '' , Mercer has said . +`` I couldn't write with them in the same room with me , but I could with Harold . +He is probably our most original composer ; ; +he often uses very odd rhythms , which makes it difficult , and challenging , for the lyric writer '' . +

+

While Arlen and Mercer collaborated on Hot Nocturne , Mercer worked also with Arthur Schwartz on another film , Navy Blues . +Arlen , too , worked on other projects at the same time with old friend Ted Koehler . +Besides doing a single song , `` When The Sun Comes Out '' , they worked on the ambitious American-Negro Suite , for voices and piano , as well as songs for films . +

+

The American-Negro Suite is in a sense an extension of the Cotton Club songs in that it is a collection of Negro songs , not for a night club , but for the concert stage . +The work had its beginning in 1938 with an eight-bar musical strain to which Koehler set the words `` There'll be no more work ; ; +there'll be no more worry '' , matching the spiritual feeling of the jot . +This grew into the song `` Big Time Comin' '' . +By September 1940 the Suite had developed into a collection of six songs , `` four spirituals , a dream , and a lullaby '' . +

+

The Negro composer Hall Johnson studied the American-Negro Suite and said of it , `` Of all the many songs written by white composers and employing what claims to be a Negroid idiom in both words and music , these six songs by Harold Arlen and Ted Koehler easily stand far out above the rest . +Thoroughly modern in treatment , they are at the same time , full of simple sincerity which invariably characterizes genuine Negro folk-music and are by no means to be confused with the average ' Broadway Spirituals ' which depend for their racial flavor upon sundry allusions to the ' Amen Corner ' , ' judgement Day , ' Gabriel's Horn , and a frustrated devil -- with a few random hallelujahs thrown in for good measure . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g47.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g47.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a8203b61b7e5f6e237e2c38d4dd5430f30a5f534 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g47.xml @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ +Sample G47 from Garry Davis, The World Is My Country. + New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1961. Pp. 92-97. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,004 words 568 (28.3%) quotesG47

Used by permission. 0010-1790

 Garry Davis, The World Is My Country. + New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1961. Pp. 92-97. +

Note: Peters corrected to Peter [1090, 1100, 1130]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

I stood on a table , surrounded by hundreds of expectant young faces . +Questions came to me from all sides about my world citizenship activities . +After making a short statement about human rights , and the freedom to travel , I told them I would be going to the Kehl bridge the next morning in order to cross the Rhine into Germany . +

+

`` May we come with you '' ? ? +Called out a dozen young voices . +

+

`` Well , I might not get that far '' , I told them , `` as actually I have no papers to enter Germany and , as a matter of fact , no permit to return to France once I leave '' . +

+

That was all they needed . +They would champion me . +We would all meet at ten o'clock at the Kehl bridge , five miles from Strasbourg , and march triumphantly across into Germany . +

+

There was only one hitch : the small town of Kehl , on the other side of the Rhine , was still under French jurisdiction . +The real Franco-German frontier was beyond the town's limits . +In fact , all persons were permitted to cross the Rhine into Kehl , there being no sentry posted on the west side of the river . +

+

That evening , as I learned later , the students , enjoying that spontaneous immodesty in action known only to university students , surged out onto the streets of Strasbourg , overturning empty streetcars , marking up store fronts , and shouting imprudently , `` Garry Davis to power '' ! ! +

+

As I got off the trolley at Kehl bridge the next morning , I was met by what looked like 5,000 students , some of whom were carrying sticks apparently for the coming `` battle '' with the police . +Alarmed by this display of weapons , I looked toward the bridge and there saw , stretched across the near side , a cordon of policemen , their bicycles forming a roadblock before which stood several French officers in uniform and a small waspish man in a brown derby . +

+

`` Listen please '' , I called to the students in French . +`` I thank you most heartily for being here . +This is full evidence of your support for my principles . +These principles , however , will not be served by violence in any form . +If they are right , they will prevail of and by themselves . +I ask you all to support me in this . +If one finger is raised against the authorities , all our moral power will vanish . +Your self-control in this respect will be the only witness to your understanding of what I am saying . +I have full confidence in you . +Now , let's go '' . +

+

I marched up to the waiting officials , the students massed behind me . +As usual , the press photographers were on hand . +The waspish man stopped me three paces from the bicycle barricade , and asked me in French if I had papers to leave France . +I replied in the affirmative , taking out my recently acquired titre d'identite et de voyage , on which was stamped a permission to leave France . +He examined it carefully , handed it back and said , `` Eh bien , you may leave France '' . +

+

I took one step eastward . +

+

One of the uniformed officers stepped in my way , demanding to know whether I had permission to enter Germany . +

+

`` No , I have no permission to enter Germany '' , I told him . +

+

`` Alors , you may go no farther '' , he said imperiously . +

+

`` Is this then the frontier '' ? ? +I asked him . +

+

`` Yes '' . +

+

At this , the students let out a yell , knowing full well the actual frontier was beyond the town of Kehl . +

+

`` But I have no permission to re-enter France , and I have just left '' , I told him . +`` I must then be standing on the line between France and Germany '' . +

+

The waspish man stepped forward . +`` Line ? ? +Line ? ? +But there is no line between France and Germany , that is , no actual line . +I mean '' +

+

`` No line '' ? ? +I asked . +`` But if there is no line , how can there be two countries ? ? +You have just given me permission to leave France , which I did . +I have witnesses . +And as you know , I have no permission to re-enter France once out . +Now I learn I cannot enter Germany . +Obviously I'm stuck on the line between the two countries '' . +

+

The students were laughing uproariously at this piece of logic , and even the policemen were trying hard not to smile . +

+

`` Mais non '' , the Interior Ministry man coaxed , `` you may come back to Strasbourg , now , if you wish '' . +

+

`` Oh ? ? +Then will you give me a visa to re-enter France '' ? ? +

+

`` Visa ? ? +But there is no question of a visa . +You are still in France '' . +

+

`` Ah , then please tell me where the frontier is because this gentleman here '' -- I indicated the French occupation officer -- `` informs me that Germany is just on the other side of him '' . +

+

The Interior man looked uneasily at his French compatriot . +From the crowd were coming cries of `` He's right '' ! ! +`` There must be a line '' ! ! +And `` Bravo , Garry , continue '' ! ! +

+

Seeing their hesitation , I said , `` Well , until I have permission to enter Germany , or a visa to re-enter France , I shall be obliged to remain here on the line between two countries '' , whereupon I moved to the side of the road , parked my backpack against the small guardhouse on the sidewalk , sat down , took out my typewriter , and began typing the above conversation . +

+

The reporters were questioning the Interior man and the French officer , both of whom remained noncommittal as to what action , if any , would be taken in my regard . +Finally they went off to file their stories , after the photographers had taken pictures of my latest vigil . +The students crowded around asking questions , slapping me on the back , and generally being friendly . +

+

`` But what will you do this evening , Mr. Davis '' ? ? +Asked a young mustached Frenchman . +`` It will be very cold '' . +

+

`` I don't know '' , I told him , `` except that I will be here '' . +

+

`` I shall see about getting you a tent '' , he said . +`` I have a small sports shop in Strasbourg '' . +

+

That would be a great help , I told him , thanking him for his thoughtfulness . +A special guard was posted at my end of the bridge to make sure I didn't cross , the ludicrousness of the situation being revealed fully in that everyone else -- men , women , and children , dogs , cats , horses , cars , trucks , baby carriages -- could cross Kehl bridge into Kehl without surveillance . +

+

The day passed eventfully enough , with a constant stream of visitors , some stopping only to say hello , others getting into serious conversations , such as one Andre Fuchs , a free-lance journalist from Strasbourg who wrote an article for the Nouvelle Alsatian in highly sympathetic terms . +Some students from the University returned around six with a large pot containing enough hot soup to last me a week . +A volunteer food brigade had been arranged , they told me , which would supply me with the necessities as long as I remained at the bridge . +A little later , the sports shop man returned with a small pup tent . +One of the girl students , sitting by while I ate the thick soup , asked me if I had a sleeping bag . +When I informed her that I didn't , she said she would borrow her brother's and bring it to me later that evening . +

+

`` You do not know me '' , she said in good English , `` but my mother was your governess in Philadelphia when you were a child '' . +Her name was Esther Peter . +I was delighted to make that personal contact in such trying and unusual circumstances . +The Peter family proved wonderful and helpful friends in the following days , Mrs. Peter , little Esther , and Raoul , who generously lent me his sleeping bag for my `` Watch on the Rhine '' . +

+

Sighting a line from the bridge to a small field directly to the side , I pitched the tent that evening on the stateless `` line '' , digging a small trench around it as best I could with a toy spade donated by a neighborhood child . +The wind from the Rhine was damp and chill , necessitating a fire for warmth . +After scouring around a bit in the open area , I came across what proved to be tar-soaked logs which crackled and burned brightly , giving off vast rolls of smoke into the ashen sky . +

+

Each evening the students appeared with the soup kettle and several petits pains , Esther usually being among them . +I had advised friends to write me to `` No Man's Land , Pont Kehl , Between Strasbourg and Kehl , France-Germany '' . +Sure enough , mail began trickling in , delivered by a talkative , highly amused French postman who informed me there had been quite a debate at the post office as to whether that address would be recognized . +

+

On Christmas Eve , students brought out two small Christmas trees which I placed on either side of the tent . +As the field on which my tent was pitched was a favorite natural playground for the kids of the neighborhood , I had made many friends among them , taking part in their after-school games and trying desperately to translate Grimm's Fairy Tales into an understandable French as we gathered around the fire in front of the tent . +To my great surprise and delight , when they saw the two trees they went rushing off , returning shortly with decorations from their own trees . +

+

It was a merry if somewhat soggy Christmas for me that year . +

+

In the mail were invitations to speak at the universities of Cologne , Heidelberg , and Baden-Baden . +Twenty thousand world citizens at Stuttgart had signed a petition inviting me to visit their town . +When Dr. Adenauer was approached by a world citizen delegation to find out his disposition of my case , he gave them his personal approval of my entry , saying that all men advocating peace should be welcomed into Germany . +The special guard , however , was still posted on Kehl bridge . +

+

As it began raining at around eight o'clock on December 26th , I retired into my tent early , somewhat tired and discouraged , my body reacting sluggishly because of the continued exposure . +No matter how large the fire , I couldn't seem to shake off the chill that day . +

+

`` Oh , Mr. Davis , are you there '' ? ? +A voice drifted in to me above the patter of the rain shortly after I had fallen into a fitful sleep . +

+

`` Who is it '' ? ? +

+

`` We're from the Council of Europe , British delegation . +May we have a word with you '' ? ? +

+

`` I'm sorry . +I've had a trying day and I just can't make it out again '' , I told them . +

+

I heard nothing more . +Later I learned that Sir Hugh Dalton had expressed a desire to see me , hence their trip to `` No Man's Land '' . +

+

On the evening of December 27th , Esther noticed my pallid look and rasping voice . +She entreated me to see a doctor , and when I refused , brought one out to see me . +He advised immediate hospitalization . +I wouldn't hear of it because it meant giving up the `` line '' , though I realized I was in poor shape physically . +Esther , mistaking my hesitation , assured me that the hospital expense would be taken care of by a leading merchant in Strasbourg whom she had already approached . +

+

`` No , it's not that '' , I told her . +`` You see , once I relinquish the position I've already established here , I couldn't regain it without sacrificing the logic of it '' . +

+

At that moment , up walked a tall young man with glasses who announced himself as a world citizen from Basel , Switzerland . +Without preliminaries , Esther asked him , `` If you are a world citizen , will you take Garry Davis' place in his tent while he goes to the hospital '' ? ? +

+

`` But of course , with pleasure '' , he replied . +

+

Esther looked at me . +I looked from her to him . +

+

`` What is your name '' ? ? +I asked him . +

+

`` Jean Babel '' . +

+

`` Shake '' , I said . +`` You have just enlisted for the ' Rhine Campaign ' '' . +

+

Esther jumped up , ran to him and gave him a little hug . +

+

`` I am so happy . +Now come , Garry , we must go quickly . +There is a police car outside . +Maybe they will take us '' . +

+

Such were the incongruities of the situation that the very police assigned to check up on me were drafted into driving me to the Strasbourg Hospital while World Citizen Jean Babel waved adieu from the `` Line '' ! ! +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g51.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g51.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..be305f99567f2d3286db613eedd7cdc85e33ef0b --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g51.xml @@ -0,0 +1,136 @@ +Sample G51 from Ilka Chase, The Carthaginian Rose. + Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1961. + Pp. 182-186. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,000 words 66 (3.3%) quotesG51

Used by permission. 0010-1730

 Ilka Chase, The Carthaginian Rose. + Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1961. + Pp. 182-186. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Mando , pleading her cause , must have said that Dr. Brown was the most distinguished physician in the United States of America , for our man poured out his symptoms and drew a madly waving line indicating the irregularity of his pulse . +`` He's got high blood pressure , too , and bum kidneys '' , the doctor said to me . +`` Transparent look , waxy skin -- could well be uremia '' . +He looked disapprovingly at an ash tray piled high with cigarette stubs , shook his head , and moved his hand back and forth in a strong negative gesture . +The little official hung his head in shame . +Seeing this , his colleague at the next desk gave a short , contemptuous laugh , pushed forward his own ash tray , innocent of a single butt , thumped his chest to show his excellent condition , and looked proud . +The doctor gravely nodded approval . +

+

At this moment Mando came hurrying up to announce that the problem was solved and all Norton had to do was to sign a sheaf of papers . +We went out of the office and down the hall to a window where documents and more officials awaited us , the rest of the office personnel hot upon our heels . +By this time word had got around that an American doctor was on the premises . +One fellow who had liver spots held out his hands to the great healer . +It was funny but it was also touching . +`` You know '' , Norton said to me later , `` I am thinking of setting up the Klinico Brownapopolus . +I might not make any money but I'd sure have patients '' . +

+

After luncheon we took advantage of the siesta period to try to get in touch with a few people to whom our dear friend Deppy had written . +Deppy is Despina Messinesi , a long-time member of the Vogue staff who , although born in Boston , was born there of Greek parents . +Several years of her life have been spent in the homeland , and she had written to friends to alert them of our coming . +`` All you have to do , Ilka dear , is to phone on your arrival . +They are longing to see you '' . +The wear and tear of life have taught me that very few friends of mutual friends long to see foreign strangers , but I planned on being the soul of tact , of giving them plenty of outs was there the tiniest implication that their cups were already running over without us . +My diplomacy was needless . +Greek phone service is worse than French , so that it was to be some little time before contact of any sort was established . +

+

In the late afternoon Mando came back to fetch us , and we drove to the Acropolis . +We stopped first at the amphitheater that lies at the foot of the height crowned by the Parthenon . +The curving benches are broken , chipped , tumbled , but still in place , as are the marble chairs , the seats of honor for the legislators . +The carved statues of the frieze against the low wall are for the most part headless , but their exquisitely graceful nude and draped torsos and the kneeling Atlantes are well preserved in their perfect proportion . +

+

Having completed our camera work , we started our climb . +I suppose the same emotion holds , if to a lesser degree , with any famous monument . +Will it live up to its reputation ? ? +The weight of fame and history is formidable , and dreary steel engravings in schoolbooks do little to quicken interest and imagination . +Uh huh , we think , looking at them , so that's the Parthenon . +And then perhaps one day we get to Athens . +We are here ! ! +We've come a long way and spent a lot of money . +It had better be good . +Don't worry about the Acropolis . +It is awe-inspiring . +Probably every visitor has a favorite time for his first sight of it . +We saw it frequently afterward , but our suggestion for the very first encounter is near sunset . +The light at that time is a benediction . +The serene , majestic columns of the Parthenon , tawny in color against the pure deep blue sky , frame incredible vistas . +All we wanted to do was to stand very quietly and look and look and look . +

+

More than twenty-four hundred years old , bruised , battered , worn and partially destroyed , combining to an astounding degree solidity and grace , it still stands , incomparable testimony to man's aspiration . +In 1687 the Turks , who had been in control of the city since the fifteenth century , with a truly shattering lack of prudence used the Parthenon as a powder magazine . +It was hit by a shell fired by the bombarding Venetian army and the great central portion of the temple was blown to smithereens . +

+

Nearby is the temple of Athena . +The architectural feature , the caryatides upholding the portico , famous around the world as the Porch of the Maidens , was referred to airily by Mando as the Girls' Place . +Another beautiful building is the Propylaea , the entrance gate of the Acropolis . +

+

My other nugget of art and architectural knowledge -- besides remembering that it was Ghiberti who designed the doors of the baptistery in Florence -- is the three styles of Greek columns . +For some happy reason Doric , Ionic , and Corinthian have always stuck in my mind . +Furthermore I can identify each design . +It remained , however , for Mando to teach me that Doric symbolized strength , Ionic wisdom , and Corinthian beauty , the three pillars of the ancient world . +The columns of the Parthenon are fluted Doric . +

+

Another classic sight that gave us considerable pleasure was the Evzone sentry , in his ballet skirt with great pompons on his shoes , who was patrolling up and down in front of the palace . +Gun on shoulder , he would march smartly for a few yards , bring his heels together with a click , make a brisk pirouette , skirts flaring , and march back to his point of departure . +We did not dare speak to so exalted a being , but Norton aimed his camera and shot him , so to speak , on the rise , the split second between the halt and the turn . +

+

The evening of our first day we drove with Christopher and Judy Sakellariadis , who were friends and patients of Norton , to dine at a restaurant on the shores of the Aegean . +On the way out Mr. Sakellariadis detoured up a special hill from which one may obtain a matchless view of the Acropolis lighted by night . +

+

The great spectacle was a source of rancor , and Son et Lumiere , which the French were trying to promote with the Athenians , was the reason . +These performances were being staged at historical monuments throughout Europe . +By a combination of music , lighting effects , and narration , famous events that have transpired in these locations are evoked and re-created for large audiences usually to considerable acclaim . +The Acropolis had been scheduled for the treatment too , but apparently it was to take place at the time of the full moon when the Athenians themselves , out of respect for the natural beauty of the occasion , were wont to forgo their own usual nocturnal illumination . +

+

Athenian society was split into two factions , the Philistines and the Artists . +The Artists contended that the Philistines , gross of soul , were all for having Son et Lumiere , since the French were footing the bill and the attraction , wherever it had been done , had proven popular . +This was the crassest kind of materialism and they , the Artists , would have no truck with it . +The Acropolis was unique in the world and if that imcomparable work flooded by moonlight wasn't enough for both natives and tourists , then they were quite simply barbarians and the hell with them . +It was very stimulating . +

+

The restaurant to which the Sakellariadises took us on this night of controversy was the Asteria , on Asteria beach . +This is a public bathing beach , easily accessible by tramway from the center of Athens . +Office workers frequently go out there to lunch and swim during the siesta period , which , during the summer , lasts from two until five in the afternoon , when shops and offices are again open for business . +They close sometime after eight . +Nine o'clock is the rush hour , when the busses are jammed , and by nine-thirty the restaurants are beginning to fill . +Bedtime is late , for the balmy evenings are delightful and everyone wants to linger under the stars . +

+

The sand is fine and pleasant , the cabanas are clean , and the parasols , green , raspberry , and butter yellow , are very gay . +Although open to the general public it is not overcrowded ; ; +the atmosphere is that of an attractive private beach club at home . +We went there a couple of times to swim and enjoyed ourselves thoroughly . +This agreeable state of affairs is explicable , I think , on two counts . +One is Greece is not yet suffering from overpopulation . +The public may still find pleasure in public places . +The other is that the charge for cabanas and parasols , though modest from an American point of view , still is a little high for many Athenians . +We were struck by the notable absence of banana skins and beer cans , but just so that we wouldn't go overboard on Greek refinement , perfection was side-stepped by a couple of braying portable radios . +Greek boys and girls also go for rock-and-roll , and the stations most tuned to are those carrying United States overseas programs . +A good deal of English was spoken on the beach , most educated Greeks learn it in childhood , and there were also American wives and children of our overseas servicemen . +

+

For a delightful drive out of Athens I should recommend Sounion , at the end of the Attic Peninsula . +The road , a comparatively new one , is very good , winding along inlets , coves , and bays of deep and brilliant blue . +I suppose the day will inevitably come when the area will be encrusted with developments , but at present it is deserted and seductive . +Three beneficial hurdles to progress are the lack of water , electricity , and telephones . +

+

At Sounion there is a group of beautiful columns , the ruins of a temple to Poseidon , of particular interest at that time , as active reconstruction was in progress . +Gaunt scaffoldings adjoined the ruins , and on the ground segments of columns two and a half to three feet in thickness were being fitted with sections cunningly chiseled to match exactly the fluting and proportion of the original . +Later they would be hoisted into place . +

+

There is a mediocre restaurant at Sounion and I fed a thin little Grecian cat and gave it two saucers of water -- there was no milk -- which it lapped up as though it were nectar . +I think its thirst had never been assuaged before . +

+

Norton and I dined one night in a sea-food restaurant in Piraeus right on the water's edge . +To enter it , you go down five or six steps from the road . +Across the road is the kitchen , and waiters bearing great trays of dishes dodge traffic as nimbly as their French colleagues at the restaurant in the Place Du Tertre in Paris . +

+

This restaurant , too , had a cat , a dusty , thin little creature . +How can a cat be thin in a fish restaurant ? ? +But this one was . +When offered a morsel it glanced right and left and winced , obviously frightened and expecting a kick , but too hungry not to snatch the tidbit . +Greece was one of the highlights of our trip , but beginning in Greece and continuing around the world throughout Southeast Asia the treatment of animals was horrifying , ranging from callous indifference to active cruelty . +This of course was not true of the educated and sophisticated people we met , who loved their pets , but kindness is not a basic human instinct . +

+

We met some charming Athenians , and among them our chauffeur Panyotis ranked high . +His English was limited , and the little he knew he found irritating . +A particularly galling phrase was `` O.K. , Panyotis , we have time at our disposal '' . +This he claimed was the favorite refrain of the English . +They would be lolling under a tree sipping Ouzo , relishing the leisurely life , assuring him that the day was yet young . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g55.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g55.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a3901fe2da8983dd1bd8ca7f69c9e964b0506d2d --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g55.xml @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +Sample G55 from Ralph Flanders, Senator from Vermont. + Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1961. Pp. 124-129. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,009 words 219 (10.9%) quotes 2 symbols 2 formulasG55

Copyright 1961 by Ralph E. Flanders. Used by permission. 0010-1710

 Ralph Flanders, Senator from Vermont. + Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1961. Pp. 124-129. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

It was not until we had returned to the city to live , while I was still at Brown and Sharpe's , that I felt the full impact of evangelical Christianity . +I came under the spell of a younger group in the church led by the pastor's older son . +The spirit of this group was that we were -- and are -- living in a world doomed to eternal punishment , but that God through Jesus Christ has provided a way of escape for those who confess their sins and accept salvation . +

+

There are millions who accept this doctrine , but few indeed are those who accept it so truly that the fate of humanity lies as a weight on their souls night and day . +This group in Park Place Church was made up of the earnest few . +I was drawn deeper and deeper into these concerns and responsibilities . +I engaged more and more in religious activities . +Besides Church and Sunday School I went to out-of-door meetings on the sidewalk at the church door . +I went to an afternoon service at the Aj . +I went to the Christian Endeavor Society and to the evening service of the church . +Much of this lacked the active support of the pastor . +The young people were self-energizing , and I was energized . +Once or twice my father asked me if I wasn't overdoing a bit in my churchgoing . +

+

Meanwhile I myself was not yet saved . +At least I had been unable to lay hold on the experience of conversion . +Try as I might to confess my sins and accept salvation , no answer came to me from heaven . +Finally , after years , I gave up . +

+

The basic difficulty , I suppose , was in my ultimate inability to feel a burden of sin from which I sought relief . +I was familiar with Pilgrim's Progress , which I read as literature . +No load of sin had been laid on my shoulders , nor did earnest effort enable me to become conscious of one . +

+

There is , of course , the doctrine of original sin , which asserts that each of us as individuals partakes of the guilt of our first ancestor . +In the rhyming catechism this doctrine is worded thus : `` In Adam's fall We sin-ned all '' . +

+

This doctrine was repugnant to my moral sense . +I did not feel it presumptuous to expect that the Creator would be at least as just as the most righteous of His creatures ; ; +and the doctrine of original sin is compounded of injustice . +

+

Some of these thoughts -- not all of them -- have taken organized form in later years . +The actual impelling force which severed me from evangelical effort was of another sort . +I became disgusted at being so preoccupied with the state of my own miserable soul . +I found myself becoming one of that group of people who , in Carlyle's words , `` are forever gazing into their own navels , anxiously asking ' Am I right , am I wrong ' '' ? ? +I bethought me of the Lord's Prayer , and these words came to mind : `` Thy kingdom come , Thy will be done , on earth as it is in heaven '' . +They have remained on the opened page of my mind in all the years which since have passed . +From that time to this my religious concern is that I might give effective help to the bringing in of God's kingdom on earth . +

+

I do not claim to be free from sin , or from the need for repentance and forgiveness . +In my experience the assurance of forgiveness comes only when I have confessed to the wronged one and have made as full reparation as I can devise . +

+

There was one further step in my religious progress . +This was taken after I came to live in Springfield , and it was made under the guidance of the Reverend Raymond Beardslee , a young preacher who came to the Congregational Church there at about the same time that I moved from New York . +His father was a professor at Hartford Theological Seminary , and from him he acquired a conviction , which he passed along to me , that there is in the universe of persons a moral law , the law of love , which is a natural law in the same sense as is the physical law . +

+

It is most important that we recognize the law of love as being unbreakable in all personal relationships , whether individually , socially or as between whole nations of people . +If obeyed , the law brings order and satisfaction . +If disobeyed , the result is turmoil and chaos . +

+

As we observe moral law and physical law they appear as being inevitable . +We can conceive of no alternatives . +Their basis seems deeper than mere authority . +They are not true because scientists or prophets say they are true . +It is not the authority of God Himself which makes them true . +Because God is what He is , the laws of the universe , material and spiritual , are what they are . +Deity and Law are one and inseparable . +

+

With this conviction , the partition between the sacred and the secular disappears . +One's daily work becomes sacred , since it is performed in the field of influence of the moral law , dealing as it does with people as well as with matter and energy . +

+

In his book Civilization And Ethics Albert Schweitzer faces the moral problems which arise when moral law is recognized in business life , for example . +His Ethics defines `` possessions as the property of the community , of which the individual is sovereign steward . +One serves society by conducting a business from which a certain number of employees draw their means of subsistence ; ; +another by giving away his property in order to help his fellow man . +Each will decide on his own course somewhere between these two extreme cases according to the sense of responsibility which is determined for him by the particular circumstances of his own life . +No one is to judge others '' . +

+

He is uncompromising in assigning guilt to the man who finds it necessary to inflict or permit injury to one individual or group for the sake of a larger good . +For this decision a man must take personal responsibility . +Says he , `` I may never imagine that in the struggle between personal and supra-personal responsibility it is possible to make a compromise between the ethical and the purposive in the shape of a relative ethic ; ; +or to let the ethical be superseded by the purposive . +On the contrary it is my duty to make my own decision as between the two '' . +

+

Schweitzer seems , in fact , to acquire for himself a burden of sin , not bequeathed by Adam , but accumulated in the inevitable judgments which life requires of him as between greater and lesser responsibilities . +This viewpoint I find interesting , but it has never weighed on my soul . +Perhaps it should have . +My own experience has followed simpler lines . +

+

An uncompromising belief in the moral law has the advantage of making religion natural , even as physical law is natural . +Neither the engineer nor the ordinary citizen feels any self-consciousness in obeying the laws of matter and energy , nor can he achieve a sense of self-righteousness in such obedience . +To obey the moral law is just ordinary common sense , applied to a neglected field . +Religion thus becomes integrated with life . +

+

This truth that the moral law is natural has other important corollaries . +One of them is that it gives meaning and purpose to life . +In seeking for such meaning and purpose , Albert Schweitzer seized upon the concept of the `` sacredness of life '' . +It is puzzling to the occidental mind ( to mine at least ) to assign `` sacredness '' to animal , insect , and plant life . +These lives are in themselves outside of the moral order and are unburdened with moral responsibility . +There is indeed a moral responsibility on man himself , for his own soul's sake , to respect lower life and to avoid the infliction of suffering , but this viewpoint Schweitzer rejects . +

+

So far as `` sacredness '' inheres in any aspect of creation it seems to me to be found in human personality , whether in Lambarene , Africa , or in Washington , D.C. . +One cannot read the records of scientists , officials and travelers who have penetrated to the minds of the most savage races without realizing that each individual met with is a person . +Read , for instance , in Malcolm MacDonald's Borneo People of Segura and her wise father Tomonggong Koh , and her final adjustment to encroaching civilization . +Above all read in Jens Bjerre's The Last Cannibal Show the old man of the Wailbri tribe ( not cannibals ) in central Australia gave to the white man his choicest possession , while the tears streamed down his face . +The Australian aborigine is the conventional exemplar of degraded humanity ; ; +yet here was a depth of sensibility which is lacking in a considerable portion of the beneficiaries of our civilization . +

+

Persons , whether white , black , brown or yellow , are a concern of God . +Respect for personality is a privilege and a duty for us as brothers . +

+

Such is the field for exercising our reverence . +As to our action , let us align ourselves with the purpose expressed by Jesus in the Lord's Prayer : `` Thy kingdom come , Thy will be done , on earth as it is in heaven '' . +With the knowledge that the kingdom comes by obedience to the moral law in our relations with all people , we have a firm intellectual grasp on both the means and the ends of our lives . +

+

This intellectual approach to spiritual life suited me well , because I was never content to lead a divided life . +As I have said , words from Tennyson remain ever in my memory : `` That mind and soul , according well , May make one music as before '' . +

+

Let us now give some thought to the soul . +When the young biologist , Dr. Ballard , began to show interest in our daughter Elizabeth , this induced a corresponding interest , on our part , in him . +I asked one day what he was doing . +He told me that he had a big newt and a little newt and that he was transplanting a big eye of the big newt onto the little newt and a little eye of the little newt onto the big newt . +He was then noting that the big eye on the little newt hung back until the little eye had grown up to it , while the little eye on the big newt grew rapidly until it was as big as the other . +Then I asked , `` What does that teach you '' ? ? +Said he , `` It teaches me to wonder '' . +

+

This was a profound statement . +In the face of the unfolding universe , our ultimate attitude is that of wonder . +Wonder is indeed the intellectual gateway to the spiritual world . +

+

Gone are the days when , in the nineteenth century , scientists thought that they were close to the attainment of complete knowledge of the physical universe . +For them only a little more needed to be learned , and then all physical knowledge could be neatly sorted , packaged and put in the inventory to be drawn on for the solution of any human problem . +

+

This complacency was blown to bits by the relativity of Einstein , the revelation of the complex anatomy of the atom and the discovery of the expanding universe . +None of these discoveries were neatly rounded off bits of knowledge . +Each faded out into the unexplored areas of the future . +

+

It is as if we , in our center of human observation , from time to time penetrate more deeply into the unknown . +As our radius of penetration , R , increases , the area of new knowledge increases by Af , and the total of human knowledge becomes measured in terms of Af . +Wonder grows . +It is endless . +

+

There are some people , intelligent people , who seem to be untouched by the sea of wonder in which we are immersed and in which we spend our lives . +One such is Abraham Meyer , the writer of a recent book , Speaking Of Man . +This is a straightforward denial of the spiritual world and a vigorous defense of pure materialism . +His inability to wonder vitiates his argument . +

+

The subject of immortality brings to mind a vivid incident which took place in 1929 at Montreux in Switzerland . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g56.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g56.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43a79c77c649d67a9f5b255474bd4ba72505883d --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g56.xml @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +Sample G56 from Keith F. McKean, The Moral Measure of Literature. + Denver: Alan Swallow, 1961. Pp. 16-22. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,017 words 140 (6.9%) quotesG56

Copyright 1961 by Keith McKean. Used by permission. 0010-1730

 Keith F. McKean, The Moral Measure of Literature. + Denver: Alan Swallow, 1961. Pp. 16-22. +

Note: Sixteenth century words in quotations and titles

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Criticism is as old as literary art and we can set the stage for our study of three moderns if we see how certain critics in the past have dealt with the ethical aspects of literature . +I have chosen five contrasting pairs , ten men in all , and they are arranged in roughly chronological order . +Such a list must naturally be selective , and the treatment of each man is brief , for I am interested only in their general ideas on the moral measure of literature . +Altogether , the list will give us considerable variety in attitudes and some typical ones , for these critics range all the way from censors to those who consider art above ethics , all the way from Plato to Poe . +And most of the great periods are represented , because we will compare Plato and Aristotle from the golden age of Greece ; ; +Stephen Gosson and Sir Philip Sidney from renaissance England ; ; +Dr. Johnson and William Hazlitt of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in England ; ; +and James Russell Lowell and Edgar Allan Poe of nineteenth century American letters . +

+

Plato and Aristotle +Plato and Aristotle agree on some vital literary issues . +They both measure literature by moral standards , and in their political writings both allow for censorship , but the differences between them are also significant . +While Aristotle censors literature only for the young , Plato would banish all poets from his ideal state . +Even more important , in his Poetics , Aristotle differs somewhat from Plato when he moves in the direction of treating literature as a unique thing , separate and apart from its causes and its effects . +

+

All through The Republic , Plato attends to the way art relates to the general life and ultimately to a good life for his citizens . +In short , he is constantly concerned with the ethical effects . +When he discusses the subject matter of poetry , he asks what moral effect the scenes will have . +When he turns briefly to literary style , in the Third Book , he again looks to the effect on the audience . +He explains that his citizens must not be corrupted by any of the misrepresentations of the gods or heroes that one finds in much poetry , and he observes that all `` these pantomimic gentlemen '' will be sent to another state . +Only those story tellers will remain who can `` imitate the style of the virtuous '' . +

+

Plato is , at times , just as suspicious of the poets themselves as he is of their work . +When he discusses tyrants in the Eighth Book of The Republic , he pictures the poets as willing to praise the worst rulers . +But the most fundamental objection he has to poets appears in the Tenth Book , and it is derived from his doctrine of ideal forms . +In Plato's mind there is an irresolvable conflict between the poet and the philosopher , because the poet imitates only particular objects and is incapable of rising to the first level of abstraction , much less the highest level of ideal forms . +True reality , of course , is the ideal , and the poet knows nothing of this ; ; +only the philosopher knows the truth . +

+

Poets , moreover , dwell on human passions . +And with this point about the passions , we encounter Plato's dualism . +The same sort of thinking plays so large a part in both Babbitt and More , that we must examine it in some detail . +Plato feels that man has two competing aspects , his rational faculty and his irrational . +We can be virtuous only if we control our lower natures , the passions in this case , and strengthen our rational side ; ; +and poetry , with all its emphasis on the passions , encourages the audience to give way to emotion . +For this reason , then , poetry tends to weaken the power of control , the reason , because it tempts one to indulge his passions , and even the best of men , he maintains , may be corrupted by this subtle influence . +

+

Plato's attitude toward poetry has always been something of an enigma , because he is so completely sensitive to its charm . +His whole objection , indeed , seems to rise out of a deep conviction that the poets do have great power to influence , but Plato seldom pays any attention to what might be called the poem itself . +He is , rather , concerned with the effect on society and he wants the poets to join his fight for justice . +He wants them to use their great power to strengthen man's rational side , to teach virtue , and to encourage religion . +

+

While Plato finally allows a few acceptable hymns to the gods and famous men , still he clearly leaves the way open for further discussion of the issue . +He even calls upon the poets to defend the Muse and to show that poetry may contribute to virtue . +He says : `` +

+

We may further grant to those of her ( Poetry's ) defenders who are lovers of poetry and yet not poets , the permission to speak in prose on her behalf : let them show not only that she is pleasant but also useful to States and to human life , and we will listen in a kindly spirit ; ; +for if this can be proved we shall surely be the gainers -- I mean , if there is a use in poetry as well as a delight '' . +

+

When we turn to Aristotle's ideas on the moral measure of literature , it is at once apparent that he is at times equally concerned about the influence of the art . +In the ideal state , for instance , he argues that the young citizens should hear only the most carefully selected tales and stories . +For this reason , he would banish indecent pictures and speeches from the stage ; ; +and the young people should not even be permitted to see comedies till they are old enough to drink strong wine and sit at the public tables . +By the time they reach that age , however , Aristotle no longer worries about the evil influence of comedies . +

+

In Aristotle's analysis of tragedy in the Poetics , we find an attempt to isolate the art , to consider only those things proper to it , to discover how it differs from other arts , and to deal with the effects peculiar to it . +He assures us , early in the Poetics , that all art is `` imitation '' and that all imitation gives pleasure , but he distinguishes between art in general and poetic art on the basis of the means , manner , and the objects of the imitation . +Once the poetic arts are separated from the other forms , he lays down his famous definition of tragedy , which sets up standards and so lends direction to the remainder of the work . +A tragedy , by his definition , is an imitation of an action that is serious , of a certain magnitude , and complete in itself . +It should have a dramatic form with pleasing language , and it should portray incidents which so arouse pity and fear that it purges these emotions in the audience . +Any tragedy , he maintains , has six elements : plot , character , and thought ( the objects of imitation ) , diction and melody ( the means of imitation ) , and spectacle ( the manner of imitation ) . +Throughout the rest of the Poetics , Aristotle continues to discuss the characteristics of these six parts and their interrelationship , and he refers frequently to the standards suggested by his definition of tragedy . +

+

Aristotle's method in the Poetics , then , does suggest that we should isolate the work . +The Chicago contingent of modern critics follow Aristotle so far in this direction that it is hard to see how they can compare one poem with another for the purpose of evaluation . +But there are , however , several features of Aristotle's approach which open the way for the moral measure of literature . +For one thing , Aristotle mentions that plays may corrupt the audience . +In addition , his definition of a tragedy invites our attention , because a serious and important action may very well be one that tests the moral fiber of the author or of the characters . +And there is one other point in the Poetics that invites moral evaluation : Aristotle's notion that the distinctive function of tragedy is to purge one's emotions by arousing pity and fear . +He rejects certain plots because they do not contribute to that end . +The point is that an ethical critic , with an assist from Freud , can seize on this theory to argue that tragedy provides us with a harmless outlet for our hostile urges . +In his study Samuel Johnson , Joseph Wood Krutch takes this line when he says that what Aristotle really means by his theory of catharsis is that our evil passions may be so purged by the dramatic ritual that it is `` less likely that we shall indulge them through our own acts '' . +In Krutch's view , this is one way to show how literature may be moral in effect without employing the explicit methods of a moralist . +And we can add that Krutch's interpretation of purgation is also one answer to Plato's fear that poetry will encourage our passions . +If Krutch is correct , tragedy may have quite the opposite effect . +It may allay our passions and so restore the rule of reason . +Or in more Freudian terms , the experience may serve to sublimate our destructive urges and strengthen the ego and superego . +

+

Gosson and Sidney +The second half of the sixteenth century in England was the setting for a violent and long controversy over the moral quality of renaissance literature , especially the drama . +No one suggested that the ethical effects of the art were irrelevant . +Both sides agreed that the theater must stand a moral test , but they could not agree on whether the poets were a good or a bad influence . +Both sides claimed that Plato and Aristotle supported their cause . +Those who wanted to close the theaters , for example , pointed to Plato's Republic and those who wished to keep them open called on the Plato of the Ion to testify in their behalf . +

+

The most famous document that comes out of this dispute is perhaps Sir Philip Sidney's An Apologie For Poetrie , published in 1595 . +Many students of literature know that classical defense . +What is not so well known , however , and what is quite important for understanding the issues of this early quarrel , is the kind of attack on literature that Sidney was answering . +For this reason , then I want to describe , first , two examples of the puritanical attacks : Stephen Gosson's The School Of Abuse , 1579 , and his later Playes Confuted , published in 1582 . +Second , we will see how Sidney answered the charges , for while Sidney's essay was not specifically a reply to Gosson , his arguments do support the new theater . +

+

According to William Ringler's study , Stephen Gosson , the theater business in London had become a thriving enterprise by 1577 , and , in the opinion of many , a thoroughly bad business . +Aroused by what they considered an evil influence , some members of the clergy , joined by city authorities , merchants , and master craftsmen , began the attack on the plays and the actors for what they called `` the abuses of the art '' , but by 1582 some of them began to denounce the whole idea of acting . +Although this kind of wholesale objection came at first from some men who were not technically Puritans , still , once the Puritans gained power , they climaxed the affair by passing the infamous ordinance of 1642 which decreed that all `` public stage-plays shall cease and be forborne '' . +With that act of Parliament the opponents of the stage won the day , and for more than two decades after that England had no legitimate public drama . +

+

In the early days of this controversy over the theater one of the interested parties , Stephen Gosson , published a little tract in which he objected mildly to the abuses of art , rather than the art itself . +But his opposition hardened and by 1579 , in The School Of Abuse , he was ready to banish all `` players '' . +He advises women to beware `` of those places which in sorrows cheere you and beguile you in mirth '' . +He does not really approve of levity and laughter , but sex is the deadly sin . +He warns that a single glance can lead us into temptation , for `` Looking eies have lyking hartes , and lyking hartes may burne in lust '' . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g63.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g63.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00e150afbcd927b26671f3c5df9f76bc13c1d4cf --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g63.xml @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +Sample G63 from George Steiner, The Death of Tragedy. + New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1961. Pp. 192-200. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,007 words 7 (0.3%) quotesG63

Used by permission. 0010-1800

 George Steiner, The Death of Tragedy. + New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1961. Pp. 192-200. +

Typographical Errors: it [for is] [0220] breath [for breathe] [1450]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

In the imagination of the nineteenth century the Greek tragedians and Shakespeare stand side by side , their affinity transcending all the immense contrarieties of historical circumstance , religious belief , and poetic form . +

+

We no longer use the particular terms of Lessing and Victor Hugo . +But we abide by their insight . +The word `` tragedy '' encloses for us in a single span both the Greek and the Elizabethan example . +The sense of relationship overreaches the historical truth that Shakespeare may have known next to nothing of the actual works of Aeschylus , Sophocles , and Euripides . +It transcends the glaring fact that the Elizabethans mixed tragedy and comedy whereas the Greeks kept the two modes severely distinct . +It overcomes our emphatic awareness of the vast difference in the shape and fabric of the two languages and styles of dramatic presentation . +The intimations of a related spirit and ordering of human values are stronger than any sense of disparity . +Comparable visions of life are at work in Antigone and Romeo And Juliet . +We see at once what Victor Hugo means when he calls Macbeth a northern scion of the house of Atreus . +Elsinore seems to lie in a range of Mycenae , and the fate of Orestes resounds in that of Hamlet . +The hounds of hell search out their quarry in Apollo's sanctuary as they do in the tent of Richard 3 . +Oedipus and Lear attain similar insights by virtue of similar blindness . +It is not between Euripides and Shakespeare that the western mind turns away from the ancient tragic sense of life . +It is after the late seventeenth century . +I say the late seventeenth century because Racine ( whom Lessing did not really know ) stands on the far side of the chasm . +The image of man which enters into force with Aeschylus is still vital in Phedre and Athalie . +

+

It is the triumph of rationalism and secular metaphysics which marks the point of no return . +Shakespeare is closer to Sophocles than he is to Pope and Voltaire . +To say this is to set aside the realness of time . +But it is true , nevertheless . +The modes of the imagination implicit in Athenian tragedy continued to shape the life of the mind until the age of Descartes and Newton . +It is only then that the ancient habits of feeling and the classic orderings of material and psychological experience were abandoned . +With the Discours de la methode and the Principia the things undreamt of in Horatio's philosophy seem to pass from the world . +

+

In Greek tragedy as in Shakespeare , mortal actions are encompassed by forces which transcend man . +The reality of Orestes entails that of the Furies ; ; +the Weird Sisters wait for the soul of Macbeth . +We cannot conceive of Oedipus without a Sphinx , nor of Hamlet without a Ghost . +The shadows cast by the personages of Greek and Shakespearean drama lengthen into a greater darkness . +And the entirety of the natural world is party to the action . +The thunderclaps over the sacred wood at Colonus and the storms in King Lear are caused by more than weather . +In tragedy , lightning is a messenger . +But it can no longer be so once Benjamin Franklin ( the incarnation of the new rational man ) has flown a kite to it . +The tragic stage is a platform extending precariously between heaven and hell . +Those who walk on it may encounter at any turn ministers of grace or damnation . +Oedipus and Lear instruct us how little of the world belongs to man . +Mortality is the pacing of a brief and dangerous watch , and to all sentinels , whether at Elsinore or on the battlements at Mycenae , the coming of dawn has its breath of miracle . +It banishes the night wanderers to fire or repose . +But at the touch of Hume and Voltaire the noble or hideous visitations which had haunted the mind since Agamemnon's blood cried out for vengeance , disappeared altogether or took tawdry refuge among the gaslights of melodrama . +Modern roosters have lost the art of crowing restless spirits back to Purgatory . +

+

In Athens , in Shakespeare's England , and at Versailles , the hierarchies of worldly power were stable and manifest . +The wheel of social life spun around the royal or aristocratic centre . +From it , spokes of order and degree led to the outward rim of the common man . +Tragedy presumes such a configuration . +Its sphere is that of royal courts , dynastic quarrels , and vaulting ambitions . +The same metaphors of swift ascent and calamitous decline apply to Oedipus and Macbeth because they applied also to Alcibiades and Essex . +And the fate of such men has tragic relevance because it is public . +Agamemnon , Creon , and Medea perform their tragic actions before the eyes of the polis . +Similarly the sufferings of Hamlet , Othello , or Phedre engage the fortunes of the state . +They are enacted at the heart of the body politic . +Hence the natural setting of tragedy is the palace gate , the public square , or the court chamber . +Greek and Elizabethan life and , to a certain extent , the life of Versailles shared this character of intense `` publicity '' . +Princes and factions clashed in the open street and died on the open scaffold . +

+

With the rise to power of the middle class the centre of gravity in human affairs shifted from the public to the private . +The art of Defoe and Richardson is founded on an awareness of this great change . +Heretofore an action had possessed the breadth of tragedy only if it involved high personages and if it occurred in the public view . +Behind the tragic hero stands the chorus , the crowd , or the observant courtier . +In the eighteenth century there emerges for the first time the notion of a private tragedy ( or nearly for the first time , there having been a small number of Elizabethan domestic tragedies such as the famous Arden Of Feversham ) . +In La Nouvelle-Heloise and Werther tragedy is made intimate . +And private tragedy became the chosen ground not of drama , but of the new , unfolding art of the novel . +

+

The novel was not only the presenter of the new , secular , rationalistic , private world of the middle class . +It served also as a literary form exactly appropriate to the fragmented audience of modern urban culture . +I have said before how difficult it is to make any precise statements with regard to the character of the Greek and Elizabethan public . +But one major fact seems undeniable . +Until the advent of rational empiricism the controlling habits of the western mind were symbolic and allegoric . +Available evidence regarding the natural world , the course of history , and the varieties of human action were translated into imaginative designs or mythologies . +Classic mythology and Christianity are such architectures of the imagination . +They order the manifold levels of reality and moral value along an axis of being which extends from brute matter to the immaculate stars . +There had not yet supervened between understanding and expression the new languages of mathematics and scientific formulas . +The poet was by definition a realist , his imaginings and parables being natural organizations of reality . +And in these organizations certain primal notions played a radiant part , radiant both in the sense of giving light and of being a pole toward which all perspectives converge . +I mean such concepts as the presence of the supernatural in human affairs , the sacraments of grace and divine retribution , the idea of preordainment ( the oracle over Oedipus , the prophecy of the witches to Macbeth , or God's covenant with His people in Athalie ) . +I refer to the notion that the structure of society is a microcosm of the cosmic design and that history conforms to patterns of justice and chastisement as if it were a morality play set in motion by the gods for our instruction . +

+

These conceptions and the manner in which they were transposed into poetry or engendered by poetic form are intrinsic to western life from the time of Aeschylus to that of Shakespeare . +And although they were , as I have indicated , under increasing strain at the time of Racine , they are still alive in his theatre . +They are the essential force behind the conventions of tragedy . +They are as decisively present in the Oresteia and Oedipus as in Macbeth , King Lear , and Phedre . +

+

After the seventeenth century the audience ceased to be an organic community to which these ideas and their attendant habits of figurative language would be natural or immediately familiar . +Concepts such as grace , damnation , purgation , blasphemy , or the chain of being , which are everywhere implicit in classic and Shakespearean tragedy , lose their vitality . +They become philosophic abstractions of a private and problematic relevance , or mere catchwords in religious customs which had in them a diminishing part of active belief . +After Shakespeare the master spirits of western consciousness are no longer the blind seers , the poets , or Orpheus performing his art in the face of hell . +They are Descartes , Newton , and Voltaire . +And their chroniclers are not the dramatic poets but the prose novelists . +

+

The romantics were the immediate inheritors of this tremendous change . +They were not yet prepared to accept it as irremediable . +Rousseau's primitivism , the anti-Newtonian mythology of Blake , Coleridge's organic metaphysics , Victor Hugo's image of the poets as the Magi , and Shelley's `` unacknowledged legislators '' are related elements in the rear-guard action fought by the romantics against the new scientific rationalism . +From this action sprang the idea of somehow uniting Greek and Shakespearean drama into a new total form , capable of restoring to life the ancient moral and poetic responses . +The dream of achieving a synthesis between the Sophoclean and the Shakespearean genius inspired the ambitions of poets and composers from the time of Shelley and Victor Hugo to that of Bayreuth . +It could not really be fulfilled . +The conventions into which the romantics tried to breath life no longer corresponded to the realities of thought and feeling . +But the attempt itself produced a number of brilliant works , and these form a transition from the early romantic period to the new age of Ibsen and Chekhov . +

+

The wedding of the Hellenic to the northern genius was one of the dominant motifs in Goethe's thought . +His Italian journey was a poet's version of those perennial thrusts across the Alps of the German emperors of the Middle Ages . +The dream of a descent into the gardens of the south always drew German ambitions toward Rome and Sicily . +Goethe asks in Wilhelm Meister whether we know the land where the lemon trees flower , and the light of the Mediterranean glows through Torquato Tasso and the Roman Elegies . +Goethe believed that the Germanic spirit , with its grave strength but flagrant streaks of brutality and intolerance , should be tempered with the old sensuous wisdom and humanism of the Hellenic . +On the narrower ground of poetic form , he felt that in the drama of the future the Greek conception of tragic fate should be joined to the Shakespearean vision of tragic will . +The wager between God and Satan brings on the destiny of Faust , but Faust assumes his role voluntarily . +

+

The third Act of Faust 2 , is a formal celebration of the union between the Germanic and the classic , between the spirit of Euripides and that of romantic drama . +The motif of Faust's love for Helen of Troy goes back to the sources of the Faustian legend . +It tells us of the ancient human desire to see the highest wisdom joined to the highest sensual beauty . +There can be no greater magic than to wrest from death her in whom the flesh was all , in whom beauty was entirely pure because it was entirely corruptible . +It is thus that the brightness of Helen passes through Marlowe's Faustus . +Goethe used the fable to more elaborate ends . +Faust rescuing Helen from Menelaus' vengeance is the genius of renaissance Europe restoring to life the classic tradition . +The necromantic change from the palace at Sparta to Faust's Gothic castle directs us to the aesthetic meaning of the myth -- the translation of antique drama into Shakespearean and romantic guise . +

+

This translation , or rather the fusion of the two ideals , creates the Gesamtkunstwerke , the `` total art form '' . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g65.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g65.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..daeba7768abbddcd5b0a6f56283d744abc0553a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g65.xml @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +Sample G65 from Timothy Paul Donovan, Henry Adams and Brooks Adams. + Norman: The University of Oklahoma Press, 1961. Pp. 72-78. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,034 words 203 (10.0%) quotesG65

Copyright by The University of Oklahoma Press. Used by permission. 0010-1880

 Timothy Paul Donovan, Henry Adams and Brooks Adams. + Norman: The University of Oklahoma Press, 1961. Pp. 72-78. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The fall of Rome , the discovery of precious metals , and the Protestant Reformation were all links and could only be explained and understood by comprehending the links that preceded and those that followed . +

+

Often the historian must consider the use of intuition or instinct by those individuals or nations which he is studying . +Unconsciously , governments or races or institutions may enter into some undertaking without fully realizing why they are doing so . +They react in obedience to an instinct or urge which has itself been impelled by natural law . +A court may strike down a law on the basis of an intuitive feeling that the law is inimical to the numerical majority . +A nation may go to war on some trifling pretext , when in reality it may have been guided by an unconscious instinct that its very life was at stake . +When the historian encounters a situation in which he can perceive no visible cause and effect sequence , he should be alert to intuition and unconscious instinct as possible guides . +

+

Adams firmly contended that the historian must never underrate the impact of the geographical environment on history . +Here was another indispensable tool . +Indeed , he concluded that `` geographical conditions have exercised a great , possibly a preponderating , influence over man's destiny '' . +The failure of Greece to reach the imperial destiny that Periclean Athens had seemed to promise was almost directly attributable to her physical conformation . +All areas of history were either favorably or adversely affected by the geographical environment , and no respectable historian could pursue the study of history without a thorough knowledge of geography . +

+

Brooks Adams was consistent in his admonishments to historians about the necessary tools or insights they needed to possess . +However , as a practicing historian , he , himself , has left few clues to the amount of professional scholarship that he used when writing history . +In fact , if judgments are to be rendered upon the soundness of his historicism , they must be based on scanty evidence . +What evidence is available would seem to indicate that Brooks , unlike his older brother Henry , had most of the methodological vices usually found in the amateur . +A credulousness , a distaste for documentation , an uncritical reliance on contemporary accounts , and a proneness to assume a theory as true before adequate proof was provided were all evidences of his failure to comprehend the use of the scientific method or to evaluate the responsibilities of the historian to his reading public . +This is not to assume that his work was without merit , but the validity of his assumptions concerning the meaning of history must always be considered against this background of an unprofessional approach . +

+

His credulity is perhaps best illustrated in his introduction to The Emancipation Of Massachusetts , which purports to examine the trials of Moses and to draw a parallel between the leader of the Israelite exodus from Egypt and the leadership of the Puritan clergy in colonial New England . +Much criticism has been leveled at this rather forced analogy , but what is equally significant is Adams' complete acceptance of the Biblical record as `` good and trustworthy history '' . +In light of the scholarly reappraisals engendered by the higher criticism this is a most remarkable statement , particularly coming from one who was well known for his antifundamentalist views . +The desire to substantiate a thesis at the expense of sound research technique smacks more of the propagandist than the historian . +

+

A similar amateurish characteristic is revealed in Adams' failure to check the accuracy and authenticity of his informational sources . +If he found data that fitted his general plan , he used it and counted his sources trustworthy . +Conversely , if statistics were uncovered which contradicted a cherished theory , the sources were denounced as faulty . +Such manipulations are frequently encountered in his essay on the suppression of the monasteries during the English reformation . +Adams depended largely on the dispatches of foreign ambassadors and observers in England , claiming that the reports of such agents had to be accurate because there were no newspapers . +This is certainly an irrational dogmatism , in which the modern mind attempts to understand the spirit of the sixteenth century on twentieth-century terms . +Moreover , he rejects the contemporary accounts of Englishmen , casually adjudging them to be distorted by prejudice because `` the opinions of Englishmen are of no great value '' . +What is exposited by this observation is not the inherent prejudices of Englishmen but the Anglophobia of Brooks Adams . +

+

In all fairness it must be admitted that Adams made no pretense at being an impartial historian . +Impartiality to him meant an unwillingness to generalize and to search for a synthesis . +He deplored the impact of German historiography on the writing of history , terming it a `` dismal monster '' . +Ranke and his disciples had reduced history to a profession of dullness ; ; +Brooks Adams preferred the chronicles of Froissart or the style and theorizing of Edward Gibbon , for at least they took a stand on the issues about which they wrote . +He wrote eloquently to William James that impartial history was not only impossible but undesirable . +If the historian was convinced of his own correctness , then he should not allow his vision to become fogged by disturbing facts . +It was history that must be in error , not the historian . +It was this basic trait that separated Adams from the ranks of professional historians and led him to commit time and time again what was his most serious offense against the historical method -- namely , the tendency to assume the truth of an hypothesis before submitting it to the test of facts . +

+

All of Adams' work reflects this dogmatic characteristic . +No page seems to be complete without the statement of at least one unproved generalization . +One example of this was his assertion that `` all servile revolts must be dealt with by physical force '' . +There is no explanation of terms nor a qualification that most such revolts have been dealt with by force -- only a bald dogmatism that they must , because of some undefined compulsion , be so repelled . +On matters of race he was similarly inflexible : `` Most of the modern Latin races seem to have inherited the rigidity of the Roman mind '' . +He cites the French Revolution as typifying this rigidity but makes no mention of the Italians , who have been able to adapt to all types of circumstances . +He pontificates that `` one of the first signs of advancing civilization is the fall in the value of women in men's eyes '' . +It made no difference that most evidence points to an opposite conclusion . +For Adams had made up his mind before all the facts were available . +

+

All critics of Adams and his methods have observed this particular deficiency . +J. T. Shotwell was appalled by such spurious history as that which attributed the fall of the Carolingian empire to the woolen trade , and he urged Adams to `` transform his essay into a real history , embodying not merely those facts which fit into his theory , but also the modifications and exceptions '' . +A. M. Wergeland called the Adams method literally antihistorical , while Clive Day maintained that the assumptions were not confined to theories alone but were also applicable to straight factual evidence . +Moreover , stated Day , `` He always omits facts which tend to disprove his hypothesis '' . +Even D. A. Wasson , who compared The Emancipation Of Massachusetts to the lifting of a fog from ancient landscapes , was also forced to admit the methodological deficiencies of the author . +

+

In summary , Brooks Adams felt that the nature of history was order and that the order so discovered was as much subject to historical laws as the forces of nature . +Moreover , he believed that most professional historians lacked some of the essential instruments for a proper study of history . +However , despite the insight of many of his observations , his own conclusions are open to suspicion because of his failure to employ at all times the correct research methods . +This should not prejudice an evaluation of his findings , but they were not the findings of a completely impartial investigator . +What was perhaps more important than his concept of the nature of history and the historical method were those forces which shaped the direction of his thought . +In the final analysis his contribution to American historiography was founded on almost intuitive insights into religion , economics , and Darwinism , the three factors which conditioned his search for a law of history . +

+

Religion without supernaturalism +Brooks Adams considered religion as an extremely significant manifestation of man's fear of the unknown . +But it was nothing more than that . +Religion and the churches were institutions which had been created by man , not God . +He did not deny God ; ; +he simply did not believe that a Creator intervened or interfered in human affairs . +The historian need not be concerned with the philosophical problems suggested by religion . +There was no evidence , either of a positive or negative type , of the actions of a Divine Being in this world ; ; +and , since the historian should only be interested in strictly terrestrial activity , his research should eliminate the supernatural . +Furthermore , he must regard religion as the expression of human forces . +Certainly , he must recognize its power and attempt to ascertain its influence on the flow of history , but he must not confuse the natural and the mundane with the divine . +

+

Adams was not breaking new ground when he claimed that the worship of an unseen power was in reality a reflection of man's inability to cope with his environment . +Students of anthropology and comparative religion had long been aware that there was , indeed , a direct connection . +But Adams was one of the first to suggest that this human incompetence was the only motivating factor behind religion . +It was this fear which explained the development of a priestly caste whose function in society was to mollify and appease the angry deities . +To keep themselves entrenched in power , the priests were forced to demonstrate their unique status through the miracle . +It was the use of the supernatural that kept them in business . +The German barbarians of the fourth century offered an excellent example : +

+

`` The Germans in the fourth century were a very simple race , who comprehended little of natural laws , and who therefore referred phenomena they did not understand to supernatural intervention . +This intervention could only be controlled by priests , and thus the invasions caused a rapid rise in the influence of the sacred class . +The power of every ecclesiastical organization has always rested on the miracle , and the clergy have always proved their divine commission as did Elijah '' . +

+

Adams contended that once such a special class had been created it became a vested interest and sought to maintain itself by assuming exclusive control over the relationships between God and man . +Thus , the Church was born and because of its intrinsic character was soon identified as a conservative institution , determined to resist the forces of change , to identify itself with the political rulers , and to maintain a kind of splendid isolation from the masses . +Doctrine was not only mysterious ; ; +it was also sacred , `` and no believer in an inspired church could tolerate having her canons examined as we should examine human laws '' . +These basic ideas concerning the nature of religion were , Adams believed , some of the major keys to the understanding of history and the movement of society . +The dark views about the Puritans found in The Emancipation Of Massachusetts were never altered . +

+

Despite their adherence to the status quo , the forces of organized religion were compelled to make adjustments as increasing civilization augmented human knowledge . +In The Law Of Civilization And Decay Brooks Adams traced this evolution , always pointing to the fact that although the forms became more rational , the substance remained unchanged . +The relic worship and monasticism of the Middle Ages were more advanced forms than were primitive fetish worship and nature myths . +Yet , the idea imbedded in each was identical : to surround the unknown with mystery and to isolate that class which had been given special dominion over the secrets of God . +To Adams that age in which religion exercised power over the entire culture of the race was one of imagination , and it is largely the admiration he so obviously held for such eras that betrays a peculiar religiosity -- a sentiment he would have probably denied . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g66.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g66.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce201cee0059f8bc9f3961ce48da0306c448ba13 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g66.xml @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +Sample G66 from Van Wyck Brooks, From the Shadow of the Mountain. + New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1961. Pp. 98-103. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,031 words 241 (11.9%) quotesG66

Copyright 1961 by Van Wyck Brooks. Used by permission of E. P.

 Van Wyck Brooks, From the Shadow of the Mountain. + New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1961. Pp. 98-103. +

Arbitrary Hyphen: fellow-creatures [0880]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Stephens had written his classic `` incidents of travel '' about these regions a hundred years before , and Catherwood , who had studied Piranesi in London and the great ruins of Egypt and Greece , had drawn the splendid illustrations that accompanied the text . +Catherwood , an architect in New York , had been forgotten , like Stephens , and Victor reconstructed their lives as one reconstructs , for a museum , a dinosaur from two or three petrified bones . +He had unearthed Stephens's letters in a New Jersey farmhouse and he discovered Stephens's unmarked grave in an old cemetery on the east side of New York , where the great traveller had been hastily buried during a cholera epidemic . +Victor had been stirred by my account of him in Makers And Finders , for Stephens was one of the lost writers whom Melville had seen in his childhood and whom I was bent on resurrecting . +

+

Victor had led an adventurous life . +His metier was the American tropics , and he had lived all over Latin America and among the primitive tribes on the Amazon river . +Well he knew the sleepless nights , the howling sore-ridden dogs and the biting insects in the villages of the Kofanes and Huitotoes . +He had not yet undertaken the great exploit of his later years , the rediscovery of the ancient Inca highway , the route of Pizarro in Peru , but he had climbed to the original El Dorado , the Andean lake of Guatemala , and he had scaled the southern Sierra Nevada with its Tibetan-like people and looked into the emerald mines of Muzo . +As a naturalist living for two years at the headwaters of the Amazon , he had collected specimens for Mexican museums , and he had taken to the London zoo a live quetzal , the sacred bird of the old Mayans . +In fact , he had raised quetzal birds in his camp in the forest of Ecuador . +Moreover , he had spent six months on the Galapagos islands , among the great turtles that Captain Cook had found there , and now and then he would disappear into some small island of the West Indies . +Victor's book on John Lloyd Stephens was largely written in my study in the house at Weston . +

+

I had had my name taken out of the telephone book , and this was partly because of a convict who had been discharged from Sing Sing and who called me night after night . +He said he was a friend of Heywood Broun who had run a free employment bureau for several months during the depression , but the generous Broun to whom I wrote did not know his name and I somehow conceived the morbid notion that the man in question was prowling round the house . +But one day came the voice of a man I had known when he was a boy , and I later remembered that this boy , thirty years before , had struck me as coming to no good . +There had been something sinister about him that warned me against him , -- I had never felt that way about any other boy , -- but when he uttered his name on the telephone I had forgotten this and I was glad to do what he asked of me . +He was a captain , he said , in the army , and on the train to New York his purse and all his money had been stolen , and would I lend him twenty-five dollars to be given him at the General Delivery window ? ? +Never hearing from him again , I remembered the little boy of whom I had had such doubts when he was ten years old . +We lived for a while in a movie melodrama with a German cook and her son who turned out to be Nazis . +Finally we got them out of the house , after the boy had run away four times looking for other Nazis , threatening to murder village schoolchildren and bragging that he was to be the next Fuhrer . +Then he began to have epileptic fits . +We found that a charitable society in New York had a long case-history of the two ; ; +and they agreed to see that the tragic pair would not put poison in anybody else's soup . +

+

To the Weston house came once William Allen Neilson , the president of Smith College who had been one of my old professors and who still called me `` Boy '' when I was sixty . +It reminded me of my other professor , Edward Kennard Rand , of whom I had been so fond when I was at Harvard , the great mediaevalist and classical scholar who had asked me to call him `` Ken '' , saying , `` Age counts for nothing among those who have learned to know life sub specie aeternitatis '' . +I had always thought of that lovable man as many years older than myself , although he was perhaps only twenty years older , and he confirmed my feeling , along with the feeling of both my sons , that teachers of the classics are invariably endearing . +I must have written to say how much I had enjoyed his fine book The Building Of Eternal Rome , and I found he had not regretted giving me the highest mark in his old course on the later Latin poets , although in my final examination I had ignored the questions and filled the bluebook with a comparison of Propertius and Coleridge . +He had written to me about a dinner he had had with the Benedictine monks at St. Anselm's Priory in Washington . +There had been reading at table , especially from two books , Pope Gregory The Great's account of St. Scholastica in his Dialogues and my own The World Of Washington Irving . +He said , `` Some have criticized your book as being neither literary criticism nor history . +Of course it was not meant to be . +Some have felt that Washington Irving comes out rather slimly , but let them look at the title of the book '' . +He felt as I felt about this best of all my books , that it was `` really tops '' . +

+

Two or three times , C. C. Burlingham came to lunch with us in Weston , that wonderful man who lived to be more than a hundred years old and whose birthplace had been my Wall Street suburb . +His reading ranged from Agatha Christie to The Book Of Job and he had an insatiable interest in his fellow-creatures , while his letters were full of gossip about new politicians and old men of letters with whom he had been intimately thrown six decades before . +I could never forget the gaiety with which , when he was both blind and deaf , he let me lead him around his rooms to look at some of the pictures ; ; +and once when he came to see us in New York he walked away in a rainstorm , unwilling to hear of a taxi or even an umbrella , although he was at the time ninety years old . +There were several men of ninety or more whom I knew first or last , all of whom were still productive and most of whom knew one another as if they had naturally come together at the apex of their lives . +I never met John Dewey , whose style was a sort of verbal fog and who had written asking me to go to Mexico with him when he was investigating the cause of Trotsky ; ; +but I liked to think of him at ninety swimming and working at Key West long after Hemingway had moved to Cuba . +At Lee Simonson's house , I had dined with Edith Hamilton , the nonogenarian rationalist and the charming scholar who had a great popular success with The Greek Way . +Then there was Mark Howe and there was Henry Dwight Sedgwick , an accomplished man of letters who wrote in the spirit of Montaigne and produced in the end a formidable body of work . +I saw Sedgwick often before his death at ninety-five , -- he had remarried at the age of ninety , -- and he asked me , when once I returned from Rome , if I knew the Cavallinis in the church of St. Cecilia in Trastevere . +I had to confess that I had missed these frescoes , recently discovered , that he had studied in his eighties . +Sedgwick had chosen to follow the philosophy of Epicurus whom , with his followers , Dante put in hell ; ; +but he defended the doctrine in The Art Of Happiness , and what indeed could be said against the Epicurean virtues , health , frugality , privacy , culture and friendship ? ? +Of Mark Antony De Wolfe Howe the philosopher Whitehead said the Earth's first visitors to Mars should be persons likely to make a good impression , and when he was asked , `` Whom would you send '' ? ? +He replied , `` My first choice would be Mark Howe '' . +This friend of many years came once to visit us in the house at Weston . +Then I spoke at the ninetieth birthday party of W. E. Burghardt Du Bois , who embarked on a fictional trilogy at eighty-nine and who , with The Crisis , had created a Negro intelligentsia that had never existed in America before him . +As their interpreter and guide , he had broken with Tuskegee and become a spokesman of the coloured people of the world . +

+

Mr. Burlingham , -- `` C.C.B. '' -- wrote to me once about an old friend of mine , S. K. Ratcliffe , whom I had first met in London in 1914 and who also came out for a week-end in Weston . +`` Did you ever know a man with greater zest for information ? ? +And his memory , like an elephant's , stored with precise knowledge of men and things and happenings '' . +His wife , Katie , `` as gay as a lark and as lively as a gazelle '' , -- she was then seventy-six , -- had `` a sense of humour that has been denied S.K. , but neither has any aesthetic perceptions . +People and books are enough for them '' . +S.K. was visiting C.C.B. and , not waiting for breakfast , he was off to the University Club , where he spent hours writing obituaries of living Americans for The Manchester Guardian or The Glasgow Herald . +Later , rising ninety , he was beset by publishers for the story of his life and miracles , as he put it , but , calling himself the Needy Knife-grinder , he had spent his time writing short articles and long letters and could not get even a small popular book done . +Then , all but blind , he said there was nothing in Back to Methuselah -- , -- `` G.B.S. ought to have known that '' , -- and `` I look at my bookshelves despairingly , knowing that I can have nothing more to do with them '' . +However , at eighty-five , he had still been busy writing articles , reviewing and speaking , and I had never before known an Englishman who had visited and lectured in three quarters of the United States . +Finally , colleges and clubs took the line that speakers from England were not wanted any longer , even speakers like S.K. , so unlike the novelists and poets who had patronized the Americans for many years . +With their facile generalizations about the United States , these mediocrities , as they often were , had been great successes . +While S.K. did not like Dylan Thomas , I liked his poems very much , but I made the mistake of telling Dylan Thomas so , whereupon he said to me , `` I suppose you think you know all about me '' . +I should have replied , `` I probably know something about the best part of you '' . +But I only thought of that in the middle of the night . +

+

Many years later I went to see S.K. in England , where he was living at Whiteleaf , near Aylesbury , and he showed me beside his cottage there the remains of the road on which Boadicea is supposed to have travelled . +He was convinced that George Orwell's 1984 was nearly all wrong as it applied to England , which was `` driving forward into uncharted waters '' , with the danger of a new tyranny ahead . +`` But however we go , whatever our doom , it will not take the Orwellian shape '' . +With facts mainly in his mind , he was often acute in the matter of style , and he said , `` The young who have as yet nothing to say will try larks with initial letters and broken lines . +But put them before a situation which they are forced to depict '' , -- he was speaking of the Spanish civil war , -- `` and they have no hesitation ; ; +they merely do their best to make it real for others '' . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g72.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g72.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6d6c3de805ced10823c1566128e272af6c20e712 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g72.xml @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +Sample G72 from J. W. Fulbright, "For a Concert of Free Nations" + Foreign Affairs, 40: 1 (October, 1961), 12-17. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,018 words 226 (11.2%) quotes 10 symbolsG72

Used by permission. 0010-1890

 J. W. Fulbright, "For a Concert of Free Nations" + Foreign Affairs, 40: 1 (October, 1961), 12-17. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

In a pessimistic assessment of the cold war , Eden declared : `` There must be much closer unity within the West before there can be effective negotiation with the East '' . +Ordinary methods of diplomacy within the free world are inadequate , said the former Prime Minister . +`` Something much more thorough is required '' . +Citing the experience of the Combined Chiefs of Staff in World War 2 , , Eden said that all would have been confusion and disarray without them . +`` This '' , he said , `` is exactly what has been happening between the politically free nations in the postwar world . +We need joint chiefs of a political general staff '' . +Citing the advances of Communist power in recent years , Sir Anthony observed : `` This very grave state of affairs will continue until the free nations accept together the reality of the danger that confronts them and unite their policies and resources to meet it '' . +

+

While I fully agree with Sir Anthony's contention , I think that we must carry the analysis farther , bearing in mind that while common peril may be the measure of our need , the existence or absence of a positive sense of community must be the measure of our capacity . +

+

While it is hazardous to project the trend of history , it seems clear that a genuine community is painfully emerging in the Western world , particularly among the countries of Western Europe . +At the end of World War 2 , , free Europe was ready for a new beginning . +The excesses of nationalism had brought down upon Europe a generation of tyranny and war , and a return to the old order of things seemed unthinkable . +Under these conditions a new generation of Europeans began to discover the bonds of long association and shared values that for so long had been subordinated to nationalist xenophobia . +A slow and painful trend toward unification has taken hold , a trend which may at any time be arrested and reversed but which may also lead to a binding federation of Europe . +It may well be that the unification of Europe will prove inadequate , that the survival of free society will require nothing less than the confederation of the entire Western world . +

+

The movement toward European unity has been expressed in two currents : federalism and functionalism , one looking to the constitution of a United States of Europe , the other building on wartime precedents of practical cooperation for the solution of specific problems . +Thus far the advances made have been almost entirely along functional lines . +

+

Many factors contributed to the growth of the European movement . +In 1946 Sir Winston Churchill , who had spoken often of European union during the war , advocated the formation of `` a kind of United States of Europe '' . +Had Churchill been returned to office in 1945 , it is just possible that Britain , instead of standing fearfully aloof , would have led Europe toward union . +

+

In 1947 and 1948 the necessity of massive coordinated efforts to achieve economic recovery led to the formation of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation to supervise and coordinate the uses of American aid under the Marshall Plan . +The United States might well have exploited the opportunity provided by the European Recovery Program to push the hesitant European nations toward political federation as well as economic cooperation , but all proposals to this effect were rejected by the United States Government at the time . +

+

Another powerful factor in the European movement was the threat of Soviet aggression . +The Communist coup in Czechoslovakia in 1948 was followed immediately by the conclusion of the Brussels Treaty , a 50-year alliance among Britain , France and the Benelux countries . +And of course the Soviet threat was responsible for NATO , the grand alliance of the Atlantic nations . +

+

New organs of unification proliferated in the decade following the conclusion of the NATO alliance . +In 1949 the Council of Europe came into existence , a purely consultative parliamentary body but the first organ of political rather than functional unity . +In 1952 , the European Coal and Steel Community was launched , placing the coal and steel production of France , West Germany , Italy and Benelux under a supranational High Authority . +For a time it appeared that a common European army might be created , but the project for a European Defense Community was rejected by the French National Assembly in 1954 . +In 1957 the social-economic approach to European integration was capped by the formation among `` the Six '' of a tariff-free European Common Market , and Euratom for cooperation in the development of atomic energy . +

+

The `` overseas '' democracies have generally encouraged the European unification movement without seriously considering the wisdom of their own full participation in a broader Atlantic community . +The United States and Canada belong only to NATO and the new O.E.C.D. . +Britain until recently went along in some areas with all of the enthusiasm of the groom at a shotgun wedding . +In other areas it held back , pleading its Commonwealth bonds . +Now Britain has decided to seek admission to the European Economic Community and it seems certain that she will be joined by some of her partners in the loose Free Trade Area of the `` Outer Seven '' . +Besides its historical significance as a break with the centuries-old tradition of British insularity , Britain's move , if successful , will constitute an historic landmark of the first importance in the movement toward the unification of Europe and the Western world . +

+

If a broader Atlantic community is to be formed -- and my own judgment is that it lies within the realm of both our needs and our capacity -- a ready nucleus of machinery is at hand in the NATO alliance . +The time is now ripe , indeed overdue , for the vigorous development of its non-military potentialities , for its development as an instrument of Atlantic community . +What is required is the full implementation of Article 2 of the Treaty , which provides : `` The Parties will contribute toward the further development of peaceful and friendly international relations by strengthening their free institutions , by bringing about a better understanding of the principles upon which these institutions are founded , and by promoting conditions of stability and well-being . +They will seek to eliminate conflict in their international economic policies and will encourage economic collaboration between any and all of them '' . +As Lester Pearson wrote in 1955 : : +`` NATO cannot live on fear alone . +It cannot become the source of a real Atlantic community if it remains organized to deal only with the military threat which first brought it into being '' . +

+

The problem of NATO is not one of machinery , of which there is an abundance , but of the will to use it . +The NATO Council is available as an executive agency , the Standing Group as a high military authority . +The unofficial Conference of Parliamentarians is available as a potential legislative authority . +This machinery will not become the instrument of an Atlantic community by fiat , but only when that community evolves from potentiality to reality . +The existence of a community is a state of mind -- a conviction that goals and values are widely shared , that effective communication is possible , that mutual trust is reasonably assured . +

+

An equally promising avenue toward Atlantic community may lie through the development and expansion of the O.E.C.D. . +Conceived as an organ of economic cooperation , there is no reason why O.E.C.D. cannot evolve into a broader instrument of union if its members so desire . +Indeed it might be a more appropriate vehicle than NATO for the development of a parliamentary organ of the Atlantic nations , because it could encompass all of the members of the Atlantic community including those , like Sweden and Switzerland , who are unwilling to be associated with an essentially military alliance like Aj . +

+

Underlying these hopes and prescriptions is a conviction that the nations of the North Atlantic area do indeed form a community , at least a potential community . +There is nothing new in this ; ; +what is new and compelling is that the West is now but one of several powerful civilizations , or `` systems '' , and that one or more of the others may pose a mortal danger to the West . +For centuries the North Atlantic nations dominated the world and as long as they did they could afford the luxury of fighting each other . +That time is now past and the Atlantic nations , if they are to survive , must develop a full-fledged community , and they must also look beyond the frontiers of `` Western civilization '' toward a world-wide `` concert of free nations '' . +

+

6 , +The burden of these reflections is that a broader unity among the free nations is at the core of our needs . +And if we do not aspire to too much , it is also within our capacity . +A realistic balancing of the need for new forms of international organization on the one hand , and our capacity to achieve them on the other , must be approached through the concept of `` community '' . +History has demonstrated many times that concerts of nations based solely on the negative spur of common danger are unlikely to survive when the external danger ceases to be dramatically urgent . +Only when a concert of nations rests on the positive foundations of shared goals and values is it likely to form a viable instrument of long-range policy . +It follows that the solution to the current disunity of the free nations is only to a very limited extent a matter of devising new machinery of consultation and coordination . +It is very much a matter of building the foundations of community . +

+

It is for these reasons that proposals for a `` new world order '' , through radical overhaul of the United Nations or through some sort of world federation , are utterly fatuous . +In a recent book called `` World Peace Through World Law '' , two distinguished lawyers , Grenville Clark and Louis Sohn , call for just such an overhaul of the U.N. , basing their case on the world-wide fear of a nuclear holocaust . +I believe that these proposals , however meritorious in terms of world needs , go far beyond our capacity to realize them . +Such proposals look to an apocalyptic act , a kind of Lockian `` social contract '' on a world-wide scale . +The defect of these proposals is in their attempt to outrun history and their assumption that because something may be desirable it is also possible . +

+

A working concept of the organic evolution of community must lead us in a different direction . +The failures of the U.N. and of other international organs suggest that we have already gone beyond what was internationally feasible . +Our problem , therefore , is to devise processes more modest in their aspirations , adjusted to the real world of sovereign nation states and diverse and hostile communities . +The history of the U.N. demonstrates that in a pluralistic world we must develop processes of influence and persuasion rather than coercion . +It is possible that international organization will ultimately supplant the multi-state system , but its proper function for the immediate future is to reform and supplement that system in order to render pluralism more compatible with an interdependent world . +

+

New machinery of coordination should not be our primary objective in the foreseeable future -- though perhaps the `` political general staff '' of Western leaders proposed by Sir Anthony Eden would serve a useful purpose . +Generally , however , there is an abundance of available machinery of coordination -- in NATO , in O.E.C.D. , in the U.N. and elsewhere . +The trouble with this machinery is that it is not used and the reason that it is not used is the absence of a conscious sense of community among the free nations . +

+

Our proper objective , then , is the development of a new spirit , the realization of a potential community . +A `` concert of free nations '' should take its inspiration from the traditions of the nineteenth century Concert of Europe with its common values and accepted `` rules of the game '' . +Constitutions of and by themselves mean little ; ; +the history of both the League of Nations and the United Nations demonstrates that . +But a powerful sense of community , even with little or no machinery , means a great deal . +That is the lesson of the nineteenth century . +

+

A realistic `` concert of free nations '' might be expected to consist of an `` inner community '' of the North Atlantic nations and an `` outer community '' embracing much or all of the non-Communist world . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/g74.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/g74.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a9842feb0a81273fbca8722e1cc1beea83225774 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/g74.xml @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +Sample G74 from John McCormick, "The Confessions of Jean Jacques Krim" + The Noble Savage, 4 (October, 1961), 8-12. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,018 words 349 (17.3%) quotes 1 symbolG74

Used by permission. 0010-1910

 John McCormick, "The Confessions of Jean Jacques Krim" + The Noble Savage, 4 (October, 1961), 8-12. +

Arbitrary Hyphen: mid-thirties [1230]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Let us see just how typical Krim is . +He is New York-born and Jewish . +He spent one year at the University of North Carolina because Thomas Wolfe went there . +He returned to New York to work for The New Yorker , to edit a Western pulp , to `` duck the war in the OWI '' , to write publicity for Paramount Pictures and commentary for a newsreel , then he began his career as critic for various magazines . +Now he has abandoned all that to be A Writer . +I do not want to quibble about typicality ; ; +in a certain sense , one manner of experience will be typical of any given group while another will not . +But I've got news for Krim : he's not typical , he's pretty special . +His may typify a certain kind of postwar New York experience , but his experience is certainly not typical of his `` generation's '' . +In any case , who ever thought that New York is typical of anything ? ? +

+

Men of Krim's age , aspirations , and level of sophistication were typically involved in politics before the war . +They did not `` duck the war '' but they fought in it , however reluctantly ; ; +they sweated out some kind of formal education ; ; +they read widely and eclectically ; ; +they did not fall into pseudo-glamorous jobs on pseudo-glamorous magazines , but they did whatever nasty thing they could get in order to eat ; ; +they found out who they were and what they could do , then within the limits of their talent they did it . +They did not worry about `` experience '' , because experience thrust itself upon them . +And they traveled out of New York . +Only a native New Yorker could believe that New York is now or ever was a literary center . +It is a publishing and public relations center , but these very facts prevent it from being a literary center because writers dislike provincialism and untruth . +Krim's typicality consists only in his New Yorker's view that New York is the world ; ; +he displays what outlanders call the New York mind , a state that the subject is necessarily unable to perceive in himself . +The New York mind is two parts abstraction and one part misinformation about the rest of the country and in fact the world . +In his fulminating against the literary world , Krim is really struggling with the New Yorker in himself , but it's a losing battle . +

+

Closely related to his illusions about his typicality is Krim's complicated feeling about his Jewishness . +He writes , `` Most of my friends and I were Jewish ; ; +we were also literary ; ; +the combination of the Jewish intellectual tradition and the sensibility needed to be a writer created in my circle the most potent and incredible intellectual-literary ambition I have ever seen or could ever have imagined . +Within themselves , just as people , my friends were often tortured and unappeasably bitter about being the offspring of this unhappily unique-ingrown-screwedup breed ; ; +their reading and thinking gave an extension to their normal blushes about appearing ' Jewish ' in subway , bus , racetrack , movie house , any of the public places that used to make the Jew of my generation self-conscious ( heavy thinkers walking across Seventh Avenue without their glasses on , willing to dare the trucks as long as they didn't look like the ikey-kikey caricature of the Yiddish intellectual ) . +'' At other points in his narrative , Krim associates Jewishness with unappeasable literary ambition , with abstraction , with his personal turning aside from the good , the true , and the beautiful of fiction in the manner of James T. Farrell to the international , the false , and the inflated . +

+

Krim says , in short , that he is a suffering Jew . +The only possible answer to that is , I am a suffering Franco-Irishman . +We all love to suffer , but some of us love to suffer more than others . +Had Krim gone farther from New York than Chapel Hill , he might have discovered that large numbers of American Jews do not find his New York version of the Jews' lot remotely recognizable . +More important is the simple human point that all men suffer , and that it is a kind of anthropological-religious pride on the part of the Jew to believe that his suffering is more poignant than mine or anyone else's . +This is not to deny the existence of pogroms and ghettos , but only to assert that these horrors have had an effect on the nerves of people who did not experience them , that among the various side effects is the local hysteria of Jewish writers and intellectuals who cry out from confusion , which they call oppression and pain . +In their stupidity and arrogance they believe they are called upon to remind the gentile continually of pogroms and ghettos . +Some of us have imagination and sensibility too . +Finally , there is the undeniable fact that some of the finest American fiction is being written by Jews , but it is not Jewish fiction ; ; +Saul Bellow and Bernard Malamud , through intellectual toughness , perception , through experience in fact , have obviously liberated themselves from any sentimental Krim self-indulgence they might have been tempted to . +

+

Krim's main attack is upon the aesthetic and the publishing apparatus of American literary culture in our day . +Krim was able to get an advance for a novel , and time and opportunity to write at Yaddo , but it was no good . +`` I had natural sock '' , he says , ' as a storyteller and was precociously good at description , dialogue , and most of the other staples of the fiction-writer's trade but I was bugged by a mammoth complex of thoughts and feelings that prevented me from doing more than just diddling the surface of sustained fiction-writing '' . +And again , `` how can you write when you haven't yet read ' Bartleby The Scrivener ' '' ? ? +Krim came to believe that `` the novel as a form had outlived its vital meaning '' . +His `` articulate Jewish friends '' convinced him that education ( read `` reading '' ) was `` a must '' . +He moved in a `` highly intellectual '' group in Greenwich Village in the late forties , becoming `` internationalized '' overnight . +Then followed a period in which he wrote reviews for The New York Times Book Review , The Commonweal , Commentary , had a small piece in Partisan Review , and moved on to Hudson , The Village Voice , and Exodus . +The work for Commonweal was more satisfying than work for Commentary `` because of the staff's tiptoeing fear of making a booboo '' . +Commentary was a mere suburb of Partisan Review , the arch-enemy . +Both magazines were `` rigid with reactionary what-will-T. S. Eliot-or-Martin Buber-think ? ? +fear . +'' Partisan has failed , Krim says , for being `` snob-clannish , overcerebral , Europeanish , aristocratically alienated '' from the U.S. . +It was `` the creation of a monstrous historical period wherein it thought it had to synthesize literature and politics and avant-garde art of every kind with its writers crazily trying to outdo each other in Spenglerian inclusiveness . +'' Kenyon , Sewanee , and Hudson operated in an `` Anglo-Protestant New Critical chill '' ; ; +their example caused Krim and his friends to put on `` Englishy airs , affect all sorts of impressive scholarship and social-register unnaturalness in order to slip through their narrow transoms and get into their pages '' . +Qui s'excuse s'accuse , as the French Jewish intellectuals used to say . +

+

Through all this raving , Krim is performing a traditional and by now boring rite , the attack on intelligence , upon the largely successful attempt of the magazines he castigates to liberate American writing from local color and other varieties of romantic corn . +God knows that Partisan and the rest often were , and remain , guilty of intellectual flatulence . +Sociological jargon , Germano-Slavic approximations to English , third-rate but modish fiction , and outrages to common sense have often disfigured Partisan , and in lesser degree , the other magazines on the list . +What Krim ignores , in his contempt for history and for accuracy , is that these magazines , Partisan foremost , brought about a genuine revolution in the American mind from the mid-thirties to approximately 1950 . +The most obvious characteristic of contemporary American writing , apart from the beat nonsense , is its cosmopolitanism . +

+

The process of cosmopolitanism had begun in earnest about 1912 , but the First War and the depression virtually stalled that process in its tracks . +Without the good magazines , without their book reviews , their hospitality to European writers , without above all their awareness of literary standards , we might very well have had a generation of Krim's heroes -- Wolfes , Farrells , Dreisers , and I might add , Sandburgs and Frosts and MacLeishes in verse -- and then where would we be ? ? +Screwed , stewed , and tattooed , as Krim might say after reading a book about sailors . +When Partisan and Kenyon set up shop , Mencken was still accepted as an arbiter of taste ( remember Hergesheimer ? ? +) , George Jean Nathan and Alexander Woollcott were honored in odd quarters , and the whole Booth Tarkington , Willa Catheter ( sic ) , ) Pearl , Buck , , Amy Lowell , William Lyon Phelps atmosphere lay thick as Los Angeles smog +

+

over , the , country -- . +Politics , economics , sociology -- the entire area of life that lies `` between '' -- literature and what Krim calls experience -- urgently needed to be dug into . +The universities certainly were not doing it , nor were the popular magazines of the day . +This Partisan above all did ; ; +if it had never printed a word of literature its contribution to the politico-sociological area would still be historic . +But it did print good verse and good fiction . +If , the editors sometimes , dozed and printed pretentious , New , York-mind , dross , they , also printed , Malraux , , Silone , , Chiaromonte , , Gide , Bellow , , Robert Lowell , Francis Fergusson , Mary McCarthy , Delmore Schwartz , Mailer , Elizabeth Hardwick , Eleanor Clark , , and a host of , other good writers . +Partisan Review and the other literary magazines helped to educate , in the best sense , an entire generation . +That these magazines also deluded the Krims of the world is unfortunate but inevitable . +It is a fact of life that magazines are edited by groups : they have to be or they wouldn't be published at all . +And it is also a fact of life that there will always ( be youngish half-educated people around , who will be dazzled by the glitter of what looks like a literary movement . +( there are no ) literary movements , `` there are only writers doing their work . +Literary movements are the '' , creation of pimps who live off writers . +) when Krim says mine was as severe a critical-intellectual , environment as can be imagined , he is off his rocker . +He indicates that he has none of the , disciplines that criticism requires , including education ; ; +the result was his inevitable bedazzlement through , ignorance . +He wasn't being , `` educated in '' those Village bull-sessions , as he claims . +No one was ever educated through bull-sessions in anything other than , to quote him again , `` perfumed bullshit . +Only '' a New York hick would expect to find the literary life in Greenwich Village , at any point , later than Walt Whitman's day . +The highly intellectual minds that Krim says he encountered , in the Village did their work in spite of , , not because of , any Village atmosphere . +But Krim's complaint is important because not only in New York , but in other cities and in universities throughout this country , young and not , so young men at +

+

this moment are being bedazzled by half-digested ideas . +Those who have quality will outgrow `` the experience ; ; +the '' , rest will turn beat , or into dentists , or into beat , dentists . +For the sad truth is that while one might write well without having read Bartleby The Scrivener , one is more likely , to write well if one has `` read it , and much else . +The most appalling aspect of Krim's piece is his reflection of the beat aesthetic . +He mentions the beats only once '' , when he refers to their having revived through mere power and abandonment and the unwillingness to , commit death in life some idea of a decent equivalent between verbal expression and actual experience , , but the entire narrative , is written in the tiresome vocabulary `` of '' that lost `` and '' dying cause , `` and in the '' `` sprung syntax that is supposed to supplant , our mother , tongue . +Krim's ( aesthetic combines anti-intellectualism , conscious and unconscious naivete ) '' , and a winsome reliance `` upon the '' , natural and upon experience . +Ideas are the thruway to nowhere . +My `` touchstones , had , been strictly '' literature and , humanly enough , American literature ( because that was what I wanted to write ) . +He alludes to something called direct writing , and he finds that criticism gets in the way of his truer , realer , imaginative bounce . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/h02.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/h02.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ae1de8c11cb49de631f5028e9aebe31747dc1687 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/h02.xml @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +Sample H02 from An Act for International Development, A Summary Presentation. + June, 1961. Department of State, U.S.A., Pp. 12-17. 0010-2020 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,134 wordsH02

An Act for International Development, A Summary Presentation. + June, 1961. Department of State, U.S.A., Pp. 12-17. 0010-2020 +

Note: ellipsis used ornamentally

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

In most of the less developed countries , however , such programing is at best inadequate and at worst nonexistent . +Only a very few of the more advanced ones , such as India and Pakistan , have developed systematic techniques of programing . +

+

Others have so-called development plans , but some of these are little more than lists of projects collected from various ministries while others are statements of goals without analysis of the actions required to attain them . +Only rarely is attention given to accurate progress reports and evaluation . +We can help in the planning process +. +Neither growth nor a development program can be imposed on a country ; ; +it must express the nation's own will and goal . +Nevertheless , we can administer an aid program in such a manner as to promote the development of responsible programing . +

+

First , we can encourage responsibility by establishing as conditions for assistance on a substantial and sustained scale the definition of objectives and the assessment of costs . +

+

Second , we can make assistance for particular projects conditional on the consistency of such projects with the program . +

+

Third , we can offer technical help in the formulation of programs for development which are adapted to the country's objectives and resources . +This includes assistance in -- assembling the basic economic , financial , technological , and educational information on which programing depends ; ; +surveying the needs and requirements over time of broad sectors of the economy , such as transport , agriculture , communication , industry , and power ; ; +designing the financial mechanisms of the economy in ways that will promote growth without inflation ; ; +and administrative practices which will make possible the more effective review and implementation of programs once established . +We must use common sense in applying conditions +. +The application of conditions in the allocation of aid funds cannot , of course , be mechanical . +It must be recognized that countries at different stages of development have very different capabilities of meeting such conditions . +To insist on a level of performance in programing and budgeting completely beyond the capabilities of the recipient country would result in the frustration of the basic objective of our development assistance to encourage more rapid growth . +

+

In the more primitive areas , where the capacity to absorb and utilize external assistance is limited , some activities may be of such obvious priority that we may decide to support them before a well worked out program is available . +Thus , we might provide limited assistance in such fields as education , essential transport , communications , and agricultural improvement despite the absence of acceptable country programs . +In such a case , however , we would encourage the recipient country to get on with its programing task , supply it with substantial technical assistance in performing that task , and make it plain that an expansion or even a continuation of our assistance to the country's development was conditional upon programing progress being made . +

+

At the other end of the spectrum , where the more advanced countries can be relied upon to make well thought through decisions as to project priorities within a consistent program , we should be prepared to depart substantially from detailed project approval as the basis for granting assistance and to move toward long-term support , in cooperation with other developed countries , of the essential foreign exchange requirements of the country's development program . +

+

D . +Encouraging self-help +1 . +The reasons for stressing self-help +A systematic approach to development budgeting and programing is one important kind of self-help . +There are many others . +It is vitally important that the new U.S. aid program should encourage all of them , since the main thrust for development must come from the less developed countries themselves . +External aid can only be marginal , although the margin , as in the case of the Marshall plan , can be decisive . +External aid can be effective only if it is a complement to self-help . +U.S. aid , therefore , should increasingly be designed to provide incentives for countries to take the steps that only they themselves can take . +Aid advice is not interference +. +In establishing conditions of self-help , it is important that we not expect countries to remake themselves in our image . +Open societies can take many forms , and within very broad limits recipients must be free to set their own goals and to devise their own institutions to achieve those goals . +On the other hand , it is no interference with sovereignty to point out defects where they exist , such as that a plan calls for factories without power to run them , or for institutions without trained personnel to staff them . +Once we have made clear that we are genuinely concerned with a country's development potential , we can be blunt in suggesting the technical conditions that must be met for development to occur . +2 . +The range of self-help +The major areas of self-help are the following : ( A ) the effective mobilizing of resources . +

+

This includes not only development programing , but also establishing tax policies designed to raise equitably resources for investment ; ; +fiscal and monetary policies designed to prevent serious inflation ; ; +and regulatory policies aimed to attract the financial and managerial resources of foreign investment and to prevent excessive luxury consumption by a few . +( B ) the reduction of dependence on external sources . +

+

This includes foreseeing balance-of-payments crises , with adequate attention to reducing dependence on imports and adopting realistic exchange rates to encourage infant industries and spur exports . +It also includes providing for the training of nationals to operate projects after they are completed . +( C ) tapping the energies of the entire population . +

+

For both economic and political reasons all segments of the population must be able to share in the growth of a country . +Otherwise , development will not lead to longrun stability . +( D ) honesty in government . +

+

In many societies , what we regard as corruption , favoritism , and personal influence are so accepted as consistent with the mores of officialdom and so integral a part of routine administrative practice that any attempt to force their elimination will be regarded by the local leadership as not only unwarranted but unfriendly . +Yet an economy cannot get the most out of its resources if dishonesty , corruption , and favoritism are widespread . +Moreover , tolerance by us of such practices results in serious waste and diversion of aid resources and in the long run generates anti-American sentiment of a kind peculiarly damaging to our political interest . +Some of the most dramatic successes of Communism in winning local support can be traced to the identification -- correct or not -- of Communist regimes with personal honesty and pro-Western regimes with corruption . +A requirement of reasonably honest administration may be politically uncomfortable in the short run , but it is politically essential in the long run . +3 . +U.S. position on self-help +The United States can use its aid as an incentive to self-help by responding with aid on a sustained basis , tailored to priority needs , to those countries making serious efforts in self-help . +

+

In many instances it can withhold or limit its aid to countries not yet willing to make such efforts . +

+

There are other countries where , with skillful diplomacy , we may be able by our aid to give encouragement to those groups in government which would like to press forward with economic and social reform measures to promote growth . +Governments are rarely monolithic . +

+

But there will be still other countries where , despite the inadequacy of the level of self-help , we shall deem it wise , for political or military reasons , to give substantial economic assistance . +Even in these cases we should promote self-help by making it clear that our supporting assistance is subject to reduction and ultimately to termination . +

+

E . +Encouraging a long-term approach +1 . +Development requires a long-term approach +. +The most fundamental concept of the new approach to economic aid is the focusing of our attention , our resources , and our energies on the effort to promote the economic and social development of the less developed countries . +This is not a short-run goal . +To have any success in this effort , we must ourselves view it as an enterprise stretching over a considerable number of years , and we must encourage the recipients of our aid to view it in the same fashion . +Most of our aid will go to those nearing self-sufficiency +. +How long it will take to show substantial success in this effort will vary greatly from country to country . +In several significant cases , such as India , a decade of concentrated effort can launch these countries into a stage in which they can carry forward their own economic and social progress with little or no government-to-government assistance . +These cases in which light is already visible at the other end of the tunnel are ones which over the next few years will absorb the bulk of our capital assistance . +Gradually others will move up to the same level +. +The number of countries thus favorably situated is small , but their peoples constitute over half of the population of the underdeveloped world . +Meantime , over the decade of the sixties , we can hope that many other countries will ready themselves for the big push into self-sustaining growth . +In still others which are barely on the threshold of the transition into modernity , the decade can bring significant progress in launching the slow process of developing their human resources and their basic services to the point where an expanded range of developmental activities is possible . +Aid is a long-term process +. +The whole program must be conceived of as an effort , stretching over a considerable number of years , to alter the basic social and economic conditions in the less developed world . +It must be recognized as a slow-acting tool designed to prevent political and military crises such as those recently confronted in Laos and Cuba . +It is not a tool for dealing with these crises after they have erupted . +2 . +The specific reasons for a long-term approach +( A ) the need to budget a period of years . +

+

Many of the individual projects for which development assistance is required call for expenditures over lengthy periods . +Dams , river development schemes , transportation networks , educational systems require years to construct . +Moreover , on complex projects , design work must be completed and orders for machinery and equipment placed months or even years before construction can commence . +Thus , as a development program is being launched , commitments and obligations must be entered into in a given year which may exceed by twofold or threefold the expenditures to be made in that year . +The capital expansion programs of business firms involve multi-year budgeting and the same is true of country development programs . +( B ) the need to plan investment programs . +

+

More importantly , several of the more advanced of the less developed countries have found through experience that they must plan their own complex investment programs for at least 5 years forward and tentatively for considerably more than that if they are to be sure that the various interdependent activities involved are all to take place in the proper sequence . +Without such forward planning , investment funds are wasted because manufacturing facilities are completed before there is power to operate them or before there is transport to service them ; ; +or a skilled labor force is trained before there are plants available in which they can be employed . +( C ) the need to allocate country resources . +

+

Most important of all , the less developed countries must be persuaded to take the necessary steps to allocate and commit their own resources . +They must be induced to establish the necessary tax , fiscal , monetary , and regulatory policies . +They must be persuaded to adopt the other necessary self-help measures which are described in the preceding section . +The taking of these steps involves tough internal policy decisions . +Moreover , once these steps are taken , they may require years to make themselves felt . +They must , therefore , be related to long-range development plans . +3 . +Providing an incentive +If the less developed countries are to be persuaded to adopt a long-term approach , the United States , as the principal supplier of external aid , must be prepared to give long-term commitments . +In this , as in so many aspects of our development assistance activities , the incentive effects of the posture we take are the most important ones . +The extent to which we can persuade the less developed countries to appraise their own resources , to set targets toward which they should be working , to establish in the light of this forward perspective the most urgent priorities for their immediate attention , and to do the other things which they must do to help themselves , all on a realistic long-term basis , will depend importantly on the incentives we place before them . +If they feel that we are taking a long-term view of their problems and are prepared to enter into reasonably long-term association with them in their development activities , they will be much more likely to undertake the difficult tasks required . +Perhaps the most important incentive for them will be clear evidence that where other countries have done this kind of home work we have responded with long-term commitments . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/h04.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/h04.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf507ea37a0ee25d89ec09bc7d71f6456d4a9ede --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/h04.xml @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ +Sample H04 from Rhode Island Legislative Council. Research Report Number 1, + 1961. State Automobiles and Travel Allowances. Pp. vii-x, 1-8. +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,062 words 286 (13.9%) quotesH04

Rhode Island Legislative Council. Research Report Number 1, + 1961. State Automobiles and Travel Allowances. Pp. vii-x, 1-8. +

Typographical Error: reimburseable [0560, 0600] 0010-1980

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Origin of state automobile practices . +

+

The practice of state-owned vehicles for use of employees on business dates back over forty years . +At least one state vehicle was in existence in 1917 . +

+

The state presently owns 389 passenger vehicles in comparison to approximately 200 in 1940 . +

+

The automobile maintenance unit , or motor pool , came into existence in 1942 and has been responsible for centralized maintenance and management of state-owned transportation since that time . +

+

The motor pool has made exceptional progress in automotive management including establishment of cost billing systems , records keeping , analyses of vehicle use , and effecting economies in vehicle operation . +Cars were operated in 1959 for an average $.027 per mile . +

+

Purchase of state vehicles is handled similarly to all state purchases . +Unit prices to the state are considerably lower than to the general public because of quantity purchases and no payment of state sales or federal excise taxes . +Vehicle purchase , assignment and use policies . +

+

The legislature's role in policy determination concerning state-owned vehicles has been confined almost exclusively to appropriating funds for vehicles . +

+

The meaningful policies governing the purchase , assignment , use and management of state vehicles have been shaped by the state's administrative officers . +

+

Meaningful policies include : ( A ) kinds of cars the state should own , ( B ) when cars should be traded , ( C ) the need and assignment of vehicles , ( D ) use of cars in lieu of mileage allowances , ( E ) employees taking cars home , and ( F ) need for liability insurance on state automobiles . +

+

A review of these policies indicates : ( 1 ) +The state purchases and assigns grades of cars according to need and position status of driver and use of vehicle . +( 2 ) +The purchase of compact ( economy ) cars is being made currently on a test basis . +( 3 ) +Cars are traded mostly on a three-year basis in the interest of economy . +( 4 ) +The factors governing need and assignment of cars are flexible according to circumstances . +( 5 ) +Unsuccessful efforts have been made to replace high mileage allowances with state automobiles . +( 6 ) +It is reasonably economical for the state to have drivers garage state cars at their homes . +( 7 ) +The state has recently undertaken liability insurance for drivers of state cars . +Automobile practices in other states . +

+

A survey of practices and/or policies in other states concerning assignment and use of state automobiles reveals several points for comparison with Rhode Island's practices . +

+

Forty-seven states assign or provide vehicles for employees on state business . +Two other states provide vehicles , but only with legislative approval . +

+

States which provide automobiles for employees assign them variously to the agency , the individual , or to a central pool . +

+

Twenty-six states operate a central motor pool for acquisition , allocation and/or maintenance of state-owned vehicles . +

+

Nineteen states report laws , policies or regulations for assigning state vehicles in lieu of paying mileage allowances . +Of these states the average `` change-over '' point ( at which a car is substituted for allowances ) is 13,200 miles per year . +Mileage allowances . +

+

Mileage allowances for state employees are of two types : ( A ) actual mileage and ( B ) fixed monthly allowances . +

+

Actual mileage allowances are itemized reimbursements allowed employees for the use of personally-owned vehicles on state business at the rate of $.07 per mile . +Fixed monthly allowances are reimbursements for the same purpose except on a non-itemized basis . +Both allowances are governed by conditions and restrictions set forth in detail in the state's Travel Regulations . +

+

Rhode Island's reimburseable rate of $.07 per mile for use of personally-owned cars compares favorably with other states' rates . +The average of states' rates is $.076 per mile . +

+

Rhode Island's rate of $.07 per mile is considerably lower than reimburseable rates in the federal government and in industry nationally which approximate a $.09 per mile average . +

+

Actual mileage allowances are well-administered and not unduly expensive for the state . +The travel regulations , requirements and procedures governing reimbursement are controlled properly and not overly restrictive . +

+

Fixed monthly allowances are a controversial subject . +They have a great advantage in ease of audit time and payment . +However , they lend themselves to abuse and inadequate control measures . +Flat payments over $50 per month are more expensive to the state than the assignment of state-owned vehicles . +Travel allowances . +

+

Travel allowances , including subsistence , have been revised by administrative officials recently and compare favorably with other states' allowances . +With few exceptions travelers on state business are allowed actual travel expenses and $15 per day subsistence . +Travel allowances are well-regulated and pose little problem in administration and/or audit control . +

+

Origin of state automobile practices +general background . +

+

It is difficult to pinpoint the time of origin of the state purchasing automobiles for use of employees in Rhode Island . +Few records are available concerning the subject prior to 1940 . +Those that are available shed little light . +The Registry of Motor Vehicles indicates that at least one state automobile was registered as far back as 1917 . +It should be enough to say that the practice of the state buying automobiles is at least forty years old . +

+

The best reason that can be advanced for the state adopting the practice was the advent of expanded highway construction during the 1920s and '30s . +At that time highway engineers traveled rough and dirty roads to accomplish their duties . +Using privately-owned vehicles was a personal hardship for such employees , and the matter of providing state transportation was felt perfectly justifiable . +

+

Once the principle was established , the increase in state-owned vehicles came rapidly . +And reasons other than employee need contributed to the growth . +Table 1 immediately below shows the rate of growth of vehicles and employees . +This rate of increase does not signify anything in itself . +It does not indicate loose management , ineffective controls or poor policy . +But it does show that automobiles have increased steadily over the years and in almost the same proportion to the increase of state employees . +In the past twenty years the ratio of state-owned automobiles per state employees has varied from 1 to 22 then to 1 to 23 now . +Whether there were too few automobiles in 1940 or too many now is problematical . +The fact is simply that state-owned vehicles have remained in practically the same proportion as employees to use them . +History and operation of the motor pool . +

+

While the origin of state-owned automobiles may be obscured , subsequent developments concerning the assignment , use , and management of state automobiles can be related more clearly . +Prior to 1942 , automobiles were the individual responsibility of the agency to which assigned . +This responsibility included all phases of management . +It embraced determining when to purchase and when to trade vehicles , who was to drive , when and where repairs were to be made , where gasoline and automobile services were to be obtained and other allied matters . +In 1942 , however , the nation was at war . +Gasoline and automobile tires were rationed commodities . +The state was confronted with transportation problems similar to those of the individual . +It met these problems by the creation of the state automobile maintenance unit ( more popularly called the motor pool ) , a centralized operation for the maintenance and control of all state transportation . +The motor pool then , as now , had headquarter facilities in Providence and other garages located throughout the state . +It was organizationally the responsibility of the Department of Public Works and was financed on a rotary fund basis with each agency of government contributing to the pool's operation . +In 1951 the pool's operation was transferred to the newly-created Department of Administration , an agency established as the central staff and auxiliary department of the state government . +The management of state-owned vehicles since that time has been described in a recent report in the following manner : `` +

+

Under this new management considerable progress appears to have been made . +The agencies of government are now billed for the actual cost of services provided to each passenger car rather than the prior uniform charge for all cars . +Whereas the maintenance rotary fund had in the past sustained losses considerably beyond expectations , the introduction of the cost-billing system plus other control refinements has resulted in keeping the fund on a proper working basis . +One indication of the merits of the new management is found in the fact that during the period 1951-1956 , while total annual mileage put on the vehicles increased 35% , the total maintenance cost increased only 11% . +

+

In order to further refine the management of passenger vehicles , on July 1 , 1958 , the actual title to every vehicle was transferred , by Executive Order , to the Division of Methods , Research and Office Services . +The objective behind this action was to place in one agency the responsibility for the management , assignment , and replacement of all vehicles . +( Note : So far as State Police cars are concerned , only their replacement is under this division ) . +This tied in closely with the current attempt to upgrade state-owned cars to the extent that vehicles are not retained beyond the point where maintenance costs ( in light of depreciation ) become excessive . +Moreover , it allows the present management to reassign vehicles so that mileage will be more uniformly distributed throughout the fleet ; ; +for example , if one driver puts on 22,000 miles per year and another driver 8,000 miles per year , their cars will be switched so that both cars will have 30,000 miles after two years , rather than 44,000 miles ( and related higher maintenance costs ) and 16,000 miles respectively '' . +

+

The motor pool is a completely centralized and mechanized operation . +It handles all types of vehicle maintenance , but concentrates more on `` service station activities '' than on extensive vehicle repairs . +It contracts with outside repair garages for much of the latter work . +Where the pool excels is in its compilation of maintenance and cost-data studies and analyses . +Pool records reveal in detail the cost per mile and miles per gallon of each vehicle , the miles traveled in one year or three years , the periods when vehicle costs become excessive , and when cars should be traded for sound economies . +From this , motor pool personnel develop other meaningful and related data . +In 1959-60 , vehicles averaged an operating cost of $.027 per mile . +Based on this figure and considering depreciation costs of vehicles , pool personnel have determined that travel in excess of 10,000 miles annually is more economical by state car than by payment of allowances for use of personally-owned vehicles . +They estimate further that with sufficient experience and when cost-data of compact cars is compiled , the break-even point may be reduced to 7,500 miles of travel per year . +Table 2 shows operating cost data of state vehicles selected at random . +

+

One matter of concern to the complete effectiveness of pool operations is the lack of adequate central garage facilities . +Present pool quarters at two locations in Providence are crowded , antiquated and , in general , make for inefficient operation in terms of dispersement of personnel and duplication of such operational needs as stock and repair equipment . +Good facilities would be a decided help to pool operations and probably reduce vehicle costs even more . +Purchasing practices . +

+

The purchase of state-owned vehicles is handled in the same manner as all other purchases of the state . +Requests are made by the motor pool along with any necessary cooperation from the agencies to which assignments of cars will be made . +Bids are evaluated by the Division of Purchases with the assistance of pool staff , and awards for the purchase of the automobiles are made to the lowest responsible bidders . +Unit prices for state vehicles are invariably lower than to the general public . +The reasons are obvious : ( 1 ) the state is buying in quantity , and ( 2 ) it has no federal excise or state sales tax to pay . +Until 1958 the state was also entitled to a special type of manufacturers' discount through the dealers . +

+

In that ownership of all vehicles rests with the state motor pool , cars are paid for with funds appropriated to the agencies but transferred to the rotary fund mentioned earlier . +This is a normal governmental procedure which reflects more accurately cost-accounting principles . +The assignment and use of vehicles after purchase is another matter to be covered in detail later . +

+

Vehicle purchase , assignment , and use policies +Probably the most important of all matters for review are the broad administrative policies governing the purchase , assignment , use , and management of state vehicles . +The legislature's role in policy determination in this area for years has been confined almost solely to the amount of funds appropriated annually for the purchase and operation of vehicles . +The more meaningful policies have been left to the judgment of the chief administrative officer of the state -- the Director of Administration . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/h10.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/h10.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..728a19486bda16c30fa46781bfd31038acd169ec --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/h10.xml @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ +Sample H10 from Medicine in National Defense. Final Report of the Assistant + Secretary of Defense (Health and Medical). 1 July 1958 - 31 + January 1961 (dated 22 November 1961). Washington 25, D.C. + Pp. 68-72. 0010-2130 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,030 words 42 (2.1%) quotes 4 symbolsH10

Medicine in National Defense. Final Report of the Assistant + Secretary of Defense (Health and Medical). 1 July 1958 - 31 + January 1961 (dated 22 November 1961). Washington 25, D.C. + Pp. 68-72. 0010-2130 +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

In the same period , 431 presentations by members of the staff were made to local , national , and international medical groups . +3 . +Education : +A . +

+

The education function of the Institute is carried on by the staff in the departments of pathology and its consultants . +During fiscal year 1959 , six courses were conducted : Forensic Pathology , Application of Histochemistry to Pathology , Pathology of Diseases of Laboratory Animals , Ophthalmic Pathology , Pathology of the Oral Regions , and a Cardiovasculatory Pathology Seminar . +During fiscal year 1960 , seven courses were conducted : Application of Histochemistry to Pathology , Forensic Pathology , Pathology of Diseases of Laboratory Animals , Pathology of the Oral Regions , Ophthalmic Pathology , Forensic Sciences Symposium , and Orthopedic Pathology . +From 1 July 1960 through 31 January 1961 , six courses were conducted : Workshop in Resident Training in Pathology , Pathology of Diseases of Laboratory Animals , Application of Histochemistry of Pathology , Orthopedic Pathology , Forensic Sciences Symposium , and Forensic Pathology . +B . +

+

During fiscal years 1959 and 1960 , there were 139 military and civilian students who came to the Institute for varying periods of special instruction . +4 . +Research : +The Institute is engaged in an extensive program of medico-military scientific research in both morphological and experimental pathology . +Among the specific areas of concentration in which the staff is engaged , are such projects as biological and biochemical studies of the effects of microwaves ; ; +study of motor end plates in man and animals ; ; +investigation of respiratory diseases of laboratory animals ; ; +metabolic responses to reduced oxygen tension ; ; +neuropathology of nuclear and cosmic radiation ; ; +carcinoma of prostate ; ; +evaluation of histochemical techniques ; ; +and hip dysplasia in dogs . +There has been an increase in cooperative research with other Federal agencies and civilian institutions . +

+

During the period from 1 July 1960 through 31 January 1961 , additional research affiliations were effected with the U. S. Army Medical Research and Development Command to conduct research in procedures for quantitative electron microscopy , and for the study of biophysical and biological studies of the structure and function of ocular tissue . +Also , the Defense Atomic Support Agency sponsored a long-range study at this Institute on the response of massive suspension cultures of mammalian cells to acute radiation . +Other scientific agencies , both Federal and civilian , supported studies in quantitative electron microscopical approach to microchemistry and microcytochemistry ; ; +the investigation of the relationship of diphosphopyridine nucleotide synthesizine enzyme to tumor growth ; ; +morphological study and classification of leukemia and lymphoma cases in animals ; ; +and the study of structural changes in M. leprae and other mycobacteria . +Medical Illustration Service +1 . +

+

The Medical Illustration Service is responsible for the collection , publication , exhibition , and file of medical illustration material of medico-military importance to the Armed Forces . +In addition to maintaining a permanent central file of illustrations of diseases , wounds , and injuries of military importance , it provides facilities for clinical photography , photomicrography , and medical arts , and operates a printing plant , by permission of Congressional Committee , for publication of an `` Atlas of Tumor Pathology '' . +It also maintains shops for the design and fabrication of exhibits , training aids and instruments and libraries for the loan of films and teaching lantern slide sets . +2 . +

+

During this period , a total of 762 exhibits were presented at 442 medical and scientific meetings . +Of these exhibits , 154 were newly constructed . +Twenty-nine exhibits received awards . +3 . +

+

Visual and operable training aids developed by the Medical Illustration Service , were used in support of Army Medical Service mass casualty exercises . +Members of the Medical Illustration Service lectured and conducted demonstrations on the use of training aids to military personnel and various civilian medical organizations . +Demonstrations of new and projected training aids were conducted at the Medical Service Instructor's Conference , Brooke Army Medical Center , Texas . +4 . +

+

In support of the emphasis placed by the Department of Defense on instruction in emergency medical care , the Medical Illustration Service developed casualty simulation kits and rescue breathing manikins which are being field tested ; ; +and overhead projector transparency sets on the subjects of Military Sanitation : First Aid For Soldiers ; ; +Bandaging And Splinting ; ; +The Emergency Medical Treatment Unit , Phase 1 ; ; +and Emergency War Surgery in support of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) Handbook . +Fifty lantern slide teaching sets on the subject of `` Emergency War Surgery ( NATO ) '' were assembled and distributed to the Medical Military Services of foreign Governments associated with NATO and South-East Asia Treaty Organization . +The British and Canadian Liaison Officers , as well as Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization , the American Red Cross , and similar interested organizations were informed from time to time as training aids were developed . +5 . +

+

Nine veterinary lantern slide teaching sets were developed and distributed , and lantern slide teaching sets on 21 pathology subjects were added to the loan library of the Medical Illustration Service . +Illustrations were prepared for 11 Department of the Army manuals and one Graphic Training Aid . +Sixteen lantern slide sets were loaned to the Government of India and eight sets were forwarded to the U.S. Embassy , Managua , Nicaragua for the Educational Exchange Program . +The Senate Subcommittee on Reorganization and International Organizations was provided samples of visual aids on first aid and personal health produced by the Medical Illustration Service . +6 . +

+

Six fascicles ( 10,000 copies each ) of the `` Atlas Of Tumor Pathology '' were completed during the period of this report . +The American Registry Of Pathology +This consists of 25 individual registries , two of which were added during fiscal years 1959-1960 ( The Registry Of Forensic Pathology and The Testicular Tumor Registry ) . +These registries are sponsored by 18 national medical , dental , and veterinary societies and have as their mission the assembling of selected cases of interest to military medicine and of establishing through the mechanism of follow-up of living patients the natural history of various diseases of military-medical importance . +The American Registry Of Pathology operates as a cooperative enterprise in medical research and education between the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the civilian medical profession on a national and international basis , under such conditions as may be agreed upon between the National Research Council and The Surgeons General of the Army , Navy , and Air Force . +The staff utilized the collected material in these registries for numerous lectures to national and international meetings , exhibits , and published studies . +During the period of this report , 37,470 new cases were entered into the various registries . +These were selected carefully and included not only detailed clinical information but adequate pathology of value for research and educational purposes . +

+

In this same period , six new fascicles of the Atlas Of Tumor Pathology were published and distributed to medical centers world-wide . +There were 54,320 copies of fascicles sold and 642 copies distributed free during this period . +Forty-five new Clinico-pathologic Conferences were prepared , bringing the total to 61 available for loan distribution . +Nine new teaching Clinico-pathologic Conference sets were prepared , which makes a total of 70 types of teaching sets for loan . +During this period , 7,827 teaching sets were distributed on loan . +The Clinico-pathologic Conferences have been acknowledged as of great value and in consequent great demand by the small isolated military hospitals . +The demand for teaching sets continues unabated since they provide the means for the military physicians to review the pathology of selected disease processes or organ systems for review of basic sciences and correlation of clinical physiological behavior with structural changes . +The Medical Museum +In fiscal year 1959 , the Medical Museum was moved to Chase Hall , a temporary building on Independence Avenue at Ninth Street , Southwest , and continued to display to the public the achievements of the Armed Forces Medical Services . +During the period of this report , 63 panel exhibits depicting the latest developments in medical research were displayed . +Of the 375 exhibits ( of all types ) shown , 161 were new or refurbished . +Of the 885 specimens newly mounted or refurbished , 254 were prepared for other agencies . +Eighty-five specimens were loaned for study purposes . +An exhibit , `` Macropathology -- An Ancient Art , A New Science '' , was presented at the annual meeting of the American Medical Association . +

+

A three-dimensional exhibit depicting `` A Century Of Naval Medicine '' was formally presented to The Director by George S. Squibb , great-grandson of the founder of E. R. Squibb and Sons , for permanent display in the Museum . +

+

Space was provided for short-time guest medical exhibits , and the Museum collected new accessions of microscopes , medical , surgical , and diagnostic instruments , uniform , and similar items of historical medico-military significance . +

+

During the period , the laboratory rendered centralized macropathological service to qualified requesters . +Specimens were mounted for military installations , governmental agencies , and medical schools . +

+

Three hundred five copies of the Manual Of Macropathological Techniques were distributed . +Thirty-five military and civilian students received laboratory training . +

+

During fiscal years 1959 and 1960 , there were 795,586 visitors to the Museum . +

+

During the period from 1 July 1960 through 31 January 1961 , the Medical Museum was required to move to Temporary Building `` S '' on the Mall from Chase Hall . +Throughout the period and during the movement operation , the Museum continued its functional support of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology . +

+

Armed Forces Medical Publication Agency +The Armed Forces Medical Publication Agency , established in 1949 , has published , since January 1950 , The United States Armed Forces Medical Journal as a triservice publication to furnish material of professional interest to Medical Department officers of the three military services . +Its supplement , The Medical Technicians Bulletin , supplied similar material to enlisted medical personnel . +These publications replaced the U. S. Naval Medical Bulletin , published continuously from 1907 through 1959 , as well as the Navy's Hospital Corps Quarterly and the Bulletin of the U. S. Army Medical Department , published from 1922 to 1949 . +In addition , their establishment made it unnecessary to begin publication of a contemplated Air Force medical bulletin . +Estimated annual savings resulting from publication of the Journal and Bulletin on a triservice basis , as compared with the cost of producing separate periodicals for each service , were between $65,000 and $70,000 . +Additionally , on the many ships at sea and in the smaller naval stations , the availability of the Journal removed the necessity of subscribing to several additional journals of civilian origin over and above the quantity now authorized , in order to provide any reasonably comparable coverage . +

+

From 1 July 1958 to 30 June 1960 , 24 numbers of the Journal and nine of the Bulletin were published . +Each Journal contained articles of professional and clinical interest , and departments devoted to military medical news , reviews of new books , and other features of interest to officers of the medical services . +The Council on National Defense of the American Medical Association contributed a brief article to each issue entitled , `` This Is Your A.M.A. '' . +

+

Beginning with the October 1959 issue of the Journal , the method of production of copy for photo-offset reproduction was changed from varityping to hot typesetting . +This resulted in an improved appearance , but was followed by an increase in printing cost that necessitated the institution of major economies to keep within the total of allocated funds . +The use of 100 instead of 140 substance paper plus the adoption of side stapling beginning with the May 1960 issue reduced costs sufficiently to allow completion of the fiscal year with nearly $4,000 in unexpended funds . +

+

Two special issues were published , one for November 1959 on Space Medicine , the other the Tenth Anniversary issue for January 1960 . +The February 1960 issue marked the reinstitution of the section entitled , `` The Medical Officer Writes '' . +Replacing the discontinued Medical Technicians Bulletin , publication of which was suspended with the November-December 1959 issue , a section called `` Technical Notes '' was inaugurated on a bimonthly basis beginning with the April 1960 issue . +Occasional features were published on historical medicine , special reports , bibliography , and `` Collector's Items '' . +In May 1960 , the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology began a series of articles on the `` Medical Museum '' , and in June , the Institute started contributing a regular monthly `` Case For Diagnosis '' . +The Institute also planned to furnish a regular series of articles , beginning in the fall of 1960 , on its more significant Scientific Exhibits . +

+

The Armed Forces Epidemiological Board agreed to submit each month a report for one of its 12 commissions , so that each commission will report once a year on some phase of its work calculated to be of particular interest and value to medical officers of the Armed Forces . +The first report in this continuing series appeared in the September 1960 issue of the Journal . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/h15.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/h15.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d726d0ca73d7d1f4f069811d55e21f994683feb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/h15.xml @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ +Sample H15 from The Family Fallout Shelter. Office of Civil and Defence + Mobilization. M. P. 15. Pp. 9-19.0010-1900 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,061 words 1 (0.0%) quote 3 symbolsH15

The Family Fallout Shelter. Office of Civil and Defence + Mobilization. M. P. 15. Pp. 9-19.0010-1900 +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

At the entrance side of the shelter , each roof beam is rested on the inside 4 inches of the block wall . +The outside 4-inch space is filled by mortaring blocks on edge . +The wooden bracing between the roof beams is placed flush with the inside of the wall . +Mortar is poured between this bracing and the 4-inch blocks on edge to complete the wall thickness for radiation shielding . +( For details see inset , fig. 5 . +

+

The first one or two roof boards ( marked `` E '' in fig. 6 ) are slipped into place across the roof beams , from outside the shelter . +These boards are nailed to the roof beams by reaching up through the open space between the beams , from inside the shelter . +Concrete blocks are passed between the beams and put on the boards . +The roof blocks are in two layers and are not mortared together . +

+

Work on the roof continues in this way . +The last roof boards are covered with blocks from outside the shelter . +

+

When the roof blocks are all in place , the final rows of wall blocks are mortared into position . +The structure is complete . +( See fig. 7 . +) Building plans are on page 21 . +

+

Solid concrete blocks , relatively heavy and dense , are used for this shelter . +These blocks are sold in various sizes so it seldom is necessary to cut a block to fit . +

+

Solid blocks are recommended because hollow blocks would have to be filled with concrete to give effective protection . +

+

Bricks are an alternative . +If they are used , the walls and roof should be 10 inches thick to give the same protection as the 8-inch solid concrete blocks . +

+

The illustrations in fig. 8 show how to lay a concrete block wall . +More detailed instructions may be obtained from your local building supply houses and craftsmen . +Other sources of information include the National Concrete Masonry Association , 38 South Dearborn Street , Chicago , Ill. , the Portland Cement Association , 33 West Grand Avenue , Chicago , Ill. , and the Structural Clay Products Association , Washington , D.C. . +Aboveground double-wall shelter +An outdoor , aboveground fallout shelter also may be built with concrete blocks . +( See fig. 9 , double-wall shelter . +) Most people would have to hire a contractor to build this shelter . +Plans are on pages 22 and 23 . +

+

This shelter could be built in regions where water or rock is close to the surface , making it impractical to build an underground shelter . +

+

Two walls of concrete blocks are constructed at least 20 inches apart . +The space between them is filled with pit-run gravel or earth . +The walls are held together with metal ties placed in the wet mortar as the walls are built . +

+

The roof shown here ( fig. 9 ) is a 6-inch slab of reinforced concrete , covered with at least 20 inches of pit-run gravel . +An alternate roof , perhaps more within do-it-yourself reach , could be constructed of heavy wooden roof beams , overlaid with boards and waterproofing . +It would have to be covered with at least 28 inches of pit-run gravel . +

+

The materials for a double-wall shelter would cost about $700 . +Contractors' charges would be additional . +The shelter would provide almost absolute fallout protection . +Pre-shaped metal shelter +Pre-shaped corrugated metal sections or pre-cast concrete can be used for shelters either above or below ground . +These are particularly suitable for regions where water or rock is close to the surface . +They form effective fallout shelters when mounded over with earth , as shown in figure 10 . +

+

Materials for this shelter would cost about $700 . +A contractor probably would be required to help build it . +His charges would be added to the cost of materials . +This shelter , as shown on page 24 , would provide almost absolute protection from fallout radiation . +An alternate hatchway entrance , shown on page 25 , would reduce the cost of materials $50 to $100 . +

+

The National Lumber Manufacturers Association , Washington , D. C. , is developing plans to utilize specially treated lumber for underground shelter construction . +The Structural Clay Products Institute , Washington , D.C. , is working to develop brick and clay products suitable for shelter construction . +Underground concrete shelter +An underground reinforced concrete shelter can be built by a contractor for about $1,000 to $1,500 , depending on the type of entrance . +The shelter shown would provide almost absolute fallout protection . +

+

The illustration ( fig. 11 ) shows this shelter with the roof at ground level and mounded over . +The same shelter could be built into an embankment or below ground level . +Plans for the shelter , with either a stairway or hatchway entrance , are shown on pages 26 and 27 . +

+

Another type of shelter which gives excellent fallout protection can be built as an added room to the basement of a home under construction . +It would add about $500 to the total cost of the home . +The shelter illustrated in figure 12 is based on such a room built in a new home in the Washington , D.C. area in the Spring of 1959 . +

+

Important considerations common to each type of shelter are : 1 . +

+

Arrangement of the entrance . +2 . +

+

Ventilation . +3 . +

+

Radio reception . +4 . +

+

Lighting . +

+

The entrance must have at least one right-angle turn . +Radiation scatters somewhat like light . +Some will go around a corner . +The rest continues in a straight line . +Therefore , sharp turns in a shelter entrance will reduce radiation intensity inside the shelter . +

+

Ventilation is provided in a concrete block basement shelter by vents in the wall and by the open entrance . +A blower may be installed to increase comfort . +

+

A blower is essential for the double-wall shelter and for the underground shelters . +It should provide not less than 5 cubic feet per minute of air per person . +Vent pipes also are necessary ( as shown in figs. 9 , 10 , and 11 ) , but filters are not . +

+

Radio reception is cut down by the shielding necessary to keep out radiation . +As soon as the shelter is completed a radio reception check must be made . +It probably will be necessary to install an outside antenna , particularly to receive CONELRAD broadcasts . +

+

Lighting is an important consideration . +Continuous low-level lighting may be provided in the shelter by means of a 4-cell hot-shot battery to which is wired a 150-milliampere flashlight-type bulb . +Tests have shown that such a device , with a fresh battery , will furnish light continuously for at least 10 days . +With a spare battery , a source of light for 2 weeks or more would be assured . +A flashlight or electric lantern also should be available for those periods when a brighter light is needed . +There should be a regular electrical outlet in the shelter as power may continue in many areas . +

+

Other considerations . +-- If there are outside windows in the basement corner where you build a shelter , they should be shielded as shown in the Appendix , page 29 . +Other basement windows should be blocked when an emergency threatens . +Basement walls that project above the ground should be shielded as shown in the Appendix , page 29 . +

+

In these shelters the entrance should be not more than 2 feet wide . +Bunks , or materials to build them , may have to be put inside the enclosure before the shelter walls are completed . +

+

The basement or belowground shelters also will serve for tornado or hurricane protection . +

+

3 . +Living in a shelter +The radioactivity of fallout decays rapidly at first . +Forty-nine hours after an atomic burst the radiation intensity is only about 1 percent of what it was an hour after the explosion . +But the radiation may be so intense at the start that one percent may be extremely dangerous . +

+

Therefore , civil defense instructions received over CONELRAD or by other means should be followed . +A battery-powered radio is essential . +Radiation instruments suitable for home use are available , and would be of value in locating that portion of the home which offers the best protection against fallout radiation . +There is a possibility that battery-powered radios with built-in radiation meters may become available . +One instrument thus would serve both purposes . +

+

Your local civil defense will gather its own information and will receive broad information from State and Federal sources . +It will tell you as soon as possible : +

+

How long to stay in your shelter ; ; +

+

How soon you may go outdoors ; ; +

+

How long you may stay outside . +

+

You should be prepared to stay in your shelter full time for at least several days and to make it your home for 14 days or longer . +A checklist in the Appendix ( ( page 30 ) tells what is needed . +Families with children will have particular problems . +They should provide for simple recreation . +

+

There should be a task for everyone and these tasks should be rotated . +Part of the family should be sleeping while the rest is awake . +

+

To break the monotony it may be necessary to invent tasks that will keep the family busy . +Records such as diaries can be kept . +

+

The survival of the family will depend largely on information received by radio . +A record should be kept of the information and instructions , including the time and date of broadcast . +

+

Family rationing probably will be necessary . +

+

Blowers should be operated periodically on a regular schedule . +There will come a time in a basement shelter when the radiation has decayed enough to allow use of the whole basement . +However , as much time as possible should be spent within the shelter to hold radiation exposure to a minimum . +

+

The housekeeping problems of living in a shelter will begin as soon as the shelter is occupied . +Food , medical supplies , utensils , and equipment , if not already stored in the shelter , must be quickly gathered up and carried into it . +

+

After the family has settled in the shelter , the housekeeping rules should be spelled out by the adult in charge . +

+

Sanitation in the confines of the family shelter will require much thought and planning . +

+

Provision for emergency toilet facilities and disposal of human wastes will be an unfamiliar problem . +A covered container such as a kitchen garbage pail might do as a toilet . +A 10-gallon garbage can , with a tightly fitting cover , could be used to keep the wastes until it is safe to leave the shelter . +

+

Water rationing will be difficult and should be planned carefully . +

+

A portable electric heater is advisable for shelters in cold climates . +It would take the chill from the shelter in the beginning . +Even if the electric power fails after an attack , any time that the heater has been used will make the shelter that much more comfortable . +Body heat in the close quarters will help keep up the temperature . +Warm clothing and bedding , of course , are essential . +

+

Open-flame heating or cooking should be avoided . +A flame would use up air . +

+

Some families already have held weekend rehearsals in their home shelters to learn the problems and to determine for themselves what supplies they would need . +

+

4 . +If an attack finds you without a prepared shelter +Few areas , if any , are as good as prepared shelters but they are worth knowing about . +

+

A family dwelling without a basement provides some natural shielding from fallout radiation . +On the ground floor the radiation would be about half what it is outside . +The best protection would be on the ground floor in the central part of the house . +

+

A belowground basement can cut the fallout radiation to one-tenth of the outside level . +The safest place is the basement corner least exposed to windows and deepest below ground . +

+

If there is time after the warning , the basement shielding could be improved substantially by blocking windows with bricks , dirt , books , magazines , or other heavy material . +

+

5 . +Shelter in apartment buildings +Large apartment buildings of masonry or concrete provide better natural shelter than the usual family dwellings . +In general , such apartments afford more protection than smaller buildings because their walls are thick and there is more space . +

+

The central area of the ground floor of a heavily constructed apartment building , with concrete floors , should provide more fallout protection than the ordinary basement of a family dwelling . +The basement of such an apartment building may provide as much natural protection as the specially constructed concrete block shelter recommended for the basement of a family dwelling . +

+

The Federal Government is aiding local governments in several places to survey residential , commercial and industrial buildings to determine what fallout protection they would provide , and for how many people . +

+

The problem for the city apartment dweller is primarily to plan the use of existing space . +Such planning will require the cooperation of other occupants and of the apartment management . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/h17.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/h17.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..da1d4e64a2fa5000c9dde47529f10b8a35579632 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/h17.xml @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +Sample H17 from U.S. Reports. Volume 364. Cases Adjudged in the Supreme Court + October Term 1959, 1960, August Special Term 1960. Pp. 58-65. +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,243 words 144 (6.4%) 10 symbols 0010-2050H17

U.S. Reports. Volume 364. Cases Adjudged in the Supreme Court + October Term 1959, 1960, August Special Term 1960. Pp. 58-65. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

It is not a medieval mental quirk or an attitude `` unnourished by sense '' to believe that husbands and wives should not be subjected to such a risk , or that such a possibility should not be permitted to endanger the confidentiality of the marriage relationship . +While it is easy enough to ridicule Hawkins' pronouncement in Pleas Of The Crown from a metaphysical point of view , the concept of the `` oneness '' of a married couple may reflect an abiding belief that the communion between husband and wife is such that their actions are not always to be regarded by the criminal law as if there were no marriage . +

+

By making inroads in the name of law enforcement into the protection which Congress has afforded to the marriage relationship , the Court today continues in the path charted by the recent decision in Wyatt v. United States , 362 U.S. 525 , where the Court held that , under the circumstances of that case , a wife could be compelled to testify against her husband over her objection . +One need not waver in his belief in virile law enforcement to insist that there are other things in American life which are also of great importance , and to which even law enforcement must accommodate itself . +One of these is the solidarity and the confidential relationship of marriage . +The Court's opinion dogmatically asserts that the husband-wife conspiracy doctrine does not in fact protect this relationship , and that hence the doctrine `` enthrones an unreality into a rule of law '' . +I am not easily persuaded that a rule accepted by so many people for so many centuries can be so lightly dismissed . +But in any event , I submit that the power to depose belongs to Congress , not to this Court . +I dissent . +Petitioner , who claims to be a conscientious objector , was convicted of violating 12a of the Universal Military Training and Service Act by refusing to be inducted into the armed forces . +He claims that he was denied due process of law in violation of the Fifth Amendment , because ( 1 ) at a hearing before a hearing officer of the Department of Justice , he was not permitted to rebut statements attributed to him by the local board , and ( 2 ) at the trial , he was denied the right to have the hearing officer's report and the original report of the Federal Bureau of Investigation as to his claim . +Held : On the record in this case , the administrative procedures prescribed by the Act were fully complied with ; ; +petitioner was not denied due process ; ; +and his conviction is sustained . +Pp. 60-66 . +( A ) +Petitioner was not denied due process in the administrative proceedings , because the statement in question was in his file , to which he had access , and he had opportunities to rebut it both before the hearing officer of the Department of Justice and before the appeal board . +Pp. 62-63 . +( B ) +Petitioner was not entitled to have the hearing officer's notes and report , especially since he failed to show any particular need for them and he did have a copy of the Department of Justice's recommendation to the appeal board . +Pp. 63-64 . +( C ) +Petitioner was not entitled , either in the administrative hearing at the Department of Justice or at his trial , to inspect the original report of the Federal Bureau of Investigation , since he was furnished a resume of it , did not challenge its accuracy , and showed no particular need for the original report . +Pp. 64-66 . +

+

Haydn C. Covington argued the cause and filed a brief for petitioner . +

+

Daniel M. Friedman argued the cause for the United States . +On the brief were Solicitor General Rankin , Assistant Attorney General Wilkey , Beatrice Rosenberg and J. F. Bishop . +

+

Mr. Justice Clark delivered the opinion of the Court . +

+

This is a prosecution for refusal to be inducted into the armed services , in violation of the provisions of the Universal Military Training and Service Act , 62 Stat. 604,622 , 50 , U.S.C. App. Aj 462 ( A ) . +Petitioner , who claims to be a conscientious objector , contends that he was denied due process , both in the proceedings before a hearing officer of the Department of Justice and at trial . +He says that he was not permitted to rebut before the hearing officer statements attributed to him by the local board , and , further , that he was denied at trial the right to have the Department of Justice hearing officer's report and the original report of the Federal Bureau of Investigation as to his claim -- all in violation of the Fifth Amendment . +The trial judge decided that the administrative procedures of the Act were fully complied with and refused to require the production of such documents . +Petitioner was found guilty and sentenced to 15 months' imprisonment . +The Court of Appeals affirmed . +269 F. 2d 613 . +We granted certiorari in view of the importance of the questions in the administration of the Act . +361 U. S. 899 . +We have concluded that petitioner's claims are controlled by the rationale of Gonzales v. United States , 348 U.S. 407 ( 1955 ) , and United States v. Nugent , 346 U.S. 1 ( 1953 ) , and therefore affirm the judgment . +

+

Petitioner registered with Local Board No. 9 , Boulder , Colorado , on March 17 , 1952 . +His answers to the classification questionnaire reflected that he was a minister of Jehovah's Witnesses , employed at night by a sugar producer . +He claimed 4-d classification as a minister of religion , devoting a minimum of 100 hours a month to preaching . +On November 13 , 1952 , he was classified in Class 1-a . +On November 22 , 1952 , he wrote the Board , protesting this classification . +He again stated that he was `` a regular minister '' ; ; +that he was `` devoting an average of 100 hours a month to actual preaching publicly '' , in addition to 50 to 75 hours in other ministerial duties , and that he opposed war in any form . +Thereafter he was classified 1-o . +On April 1 , 1953 , after some six months of full-time `` pioneering '' , petitioner discontinued devoting 100 hours a month to preaching , but failed to so notify his local board . +In a periodic review , the local board on July 30 , 1953 , reclassified him 1-a and upheld this classification after a personal appearance by petitioner , because of his willingness to kill in defense of his church and home . +Upon administrative approval of the reclassification , he was ordered to report for induction on June 11 , 1956 , but failed to do so . +He was not prosecuted , however , and his case was subsequently reopened , in the light of Sicurella v. United States , 348 U.S. 385 ( 1955 ) . +He was again reclassified 1-a by the local board . +There followed a customary Department of Justice hearing , at which petitioner appeared . +In his report to the Attorney General , the hearing officer suggested that the petitioner be exempt only from combatant training and service . +On March 21 , 1957 , however , the Department recommended approval of the 1-a classification . +Its ground for this recommendation was that , while petitioner claimed before the local board August 17 , 1956 ( as evidenced by its memorandum in his file of that date ) , that he was devoting 100 hours per month to actual preaching , the headquarters of the Jehovah's Witnesses reported that he was no longer doing so and , on the contrary , had relinquished both his Pioneer and Bible Student Servant positions . +It reported that he now devoted only some 6-1/2 hours per month to public preaching and from 20 to 25 hours per month to church activities . +His claim was therefore `` so highly exaggerated '' , the Department concluded , that it `` cast doubt upon his veracity and , consequently , upon his sincerity and good faith '' . +The appeal board furnished petitioner a copy of the recommendation . +In his answer thereto , he advised the Board that he had made no such statement in 1956 , and asserted that his only claim to `` pioneering '' was in 1952 . +The appeal board , however , unanimously concurred in the Department's recommendation . +Upon return of the file to the local board , petitioner was again ordered to report for induction and this prosecution followed his failure to do so . +

+

Petitioner first contends that the Department denied him procedural due process by not giving him timely opportunity , before its final recommendation to the appeal board , to answer the statement of the local board as to his claim of devoting 100 hours to actual preaching . +But the statement of the local board attributing this claim to petitioner was in his file . +He admitted that he knew it was open to him at all times , and he could have rebutted it before the hearing officer . +This he failed to do , asserting that he did not know it to be in his file . +Apparently he never took the trouble to find out . +Nevertheless he had ample opportunity to contest the statement before the appeal board . +After the recommendation of the Department is forwarded to the appeal board , that is the appropriate place for a registrant to lodge his denial . +This he did . +We found in Gonzales v. United States , supra , that this was the controlling reason why copies of the recommendation should be furnished a registrant . +We said there that it was necessary `` that a registrant be given an opportunity to rebut ( the Department's ) recommendation when it comes to the Appeal Board , the agency with the ultimate responsibility for classification '' . +348 U.S. , at 412 . +We fail to see how such procedure resulted in any prejudice to petitioner's contention , which was considered by the appeal board and denied by it . +As was said in Gonzales , `` it is the Appeal Board which renders the selective service determination considered ' final ' in the courts , not to be overturned unless there is no basis in fact . +Estep v. United States , 327 U.S. 114 '' . +348 U. S. , at 412-413 . +

+

But there are other contentions which might be considered more difficult . +At his trial , petitioner sought to secure through subpoena duces tecum the longhand notes of the Department's hearing officer , Evensen , as well as his report thereon . +Petitioner also claimed at trial the right to inspect the original Federal Bureau of Investigation reports to the Department of Justice . +He alleged no specific procedural errors or evidence withheld ; ; +nor did he elaborate just what favorable evidence the Federal Bureau of Investigation reports might disclose . +

+

Section 6(j) of the Act , as we have held , does require the Department's recommendation to be placed in a registrant's file . +Gonzales v. United States , supra . +But there is nothing in the Act requiring the hearing officer's report to be likewise turned over to the registrant . +While the regulations formerly required that the hearing officer's report be placed in the registrant's file , this requirement was eliminated in 1952 . +Moreover , the hearing officer's report is but intradepartmental , is directed to the Attorney General and , of course , is not the recommendation of the Department . +It is not essentially different from a memorandum of an attorney in the Department of Justice , of which the Attorney General receives many , and to which he may give his approval or rejection . +It is but part of the whole process within the Department that goes into the making of the final recommendation to the appeal board . +

+

It is also significant that neither this report nor the hearing officer's notes were furnished to the appeal board . +Hence the petitioner had full opportunity to traverse the only conclusions of the Department on file with the Board . +Petitioner knew that the Department's recommendation was based not on the hearing officer's report but on the statement of the local board in his file . +Having had every opportunity to rebut the finding of the local board before both the hearing officer and the appeal board , petitioner cannot now claim that he was denied due process because he did not succeed . +

+

It appears to us that the same reasoning applies to the production of the hearing officer's report and notes at the trial . +In addition , petitioner has failed to show any particular need for the report and notes . +While there are now allegations of the withholding of `` favorable evidence developed at the hearing '' and a denial of a `` full and fair hearing '' , no such claim was made by petitioner at any stage of the administrative process . +Moreover , his testimony at trial never developed any such facts . +In the light of these circumstances , as well as the fact that the issue at trial in this respect centered entirely on the Department's recommendation , which petitioner repudiated but which both the appeal board and the courts below found supported by the record , we find no relevancy in the hearing officer's report and notes . +

+

Finally petitioner says that he was entitled to inspect the FBI report during the proceedings before the hearing officer as well as at the trial . +He did receive a resume of it -- the same that was furnished the appeal board -- and he made no claim of its inaccuracy . +Even now no such claim is asserted . +He bases his present contention on the general right to explore , indicating that he hopes to find some discrepancy in the resume . +But this is fully answered by United States v. Nugent , supra . +There we held `` that the statutory scheme for review , within the selective service system , entitles [ conscientious objectors ] to no guarantee that the FBI reports must be produced for their inspection '' . +346 U.S. , at 5-6 . +Even if we were not bound by Nugent , petitioner here would not be entitled to the report . +The recommendation of the Department -- as well as the decision of the appeal board -- was based entirely on the local board file , not on an FBI report . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/h20.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/h20.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..912e0f9eda463e37f1460a3d876352d7980b2fb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/h20.xml @@ -0,0 +1,150 @@ +Sample H20 from Development Program for the National Forests. U.S. Department + of Agriculture. Forest Service. November, 1961. Miscellaneous + Publication 896. Pp. 14-20. 0010-2080 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,169 wordsH20

Development Program for the National Forests. U.S. Department + of Agriculture. Forest Service. November, 1961. Miscellaneous + Publication 896. Pp. 14-20. 0010-2080 +

Typographical Error: additions to its that are needed [1260]Note: dwarfmistletoe [0740]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Wildlife habitat resources +In 1960 one-quarter of the 92.5 million recreation visits to the National Forests and Grasslands were for the primary purpose of hunting and fishing . +Hunter and fisherman visits since 1949 have increased 8 times faster than the nationwide sale of hunting and fishing licenses . +This use is expected to increase to about 50 million visits by 1972 . +The long-range objective of habitat management is to make it fully productive so as to support fish and game populations to contribute to the need for public use and enjoyment . +

+

The wildlife habitat management proposals for the 10-year period are : 1 . +

+

Revise and complete wildlife habitat management and improvement plans for all administrative units , assuring proper coordination between wildlife habitat management and other resources . +2 . +

+

Inventory and evaluate wildlife habitat resources in cooperation with other Federal agencies and with the States in which National Forests and Grasslands are located , as a basis for orderly development of wildlife habitat improvement and coordination programs , including ( A ) big-game , gamebird , and small-game habitat surveys and investigations on the 186 million acres of National Forests and Grasslands , ( B ) fishery habitat surveys and investigations on the 81,000 miles of National Forest fishing streams and nearly 3 million acres of lakes and impoundments , and ( C ) participation in planning , inspection , and control phases of all habitat improvement , land and water use projects conducted on National Forest lands by States , other Federal agencies , and private groups to assure that projects will benefit wildlife and be in harmony with other resource values . +3 . +

+

Improve food and cover on 1.5 million acres of key wildlife areas . +4 . +

+

Develop wildlife openings , food patches , and game ways in dense vegetation by clearing or controlled burning on 400,000 acres . +5 . +

+

Improve 7,000 miles of fishing streams and 56,000 acres of lakes by stabilizing banks , planting streamside cover , and constructing channel improvements . +

+

Protection +The total adverse impact of disease , insects , fire , weather , destructive animals , and other forces on the uses and values of forest resources is not generally recognized . +They kill and destroy , retard or prevent reproduction and growth , impair and damage values , and disrupt uses . +

+

The loss in growth of sawtimber because of damage by destructive agencies in the United States in 1952 was estimated to be about 44 billion board feet . +If it were not for the effect of destructive agencies , sawtimber growth would have been nearly twice as great as the 47 billion board feet in 1952 . +About 45 percent of the loss in growth was attributable to disease , 20 percent to insects , 17 percent to fire , and 18 percent to weather , animals , and various other causes . +

+

These destructive forces also have a seriously adverse effect upon the watersheds and their life-supporting waterflows , and upon the other renewable forest resources . +

+

The long-range objective is to hold the damage from destructive agencies below the level which would seriously interfere with intensive management of the National Forest System under principles of multiple use and high-level sustained yield of products and services . +This can be accomplished substantially by a continued trend toward better facilities and techniques for fire control and more resources to cope with critical fire periods , and a more intensive application of a program of prevention , detection , and control of insect and disease infestations . +In addition to direct protection measures , more intensive management of timber resources will assist in reduction of losses from insects and disease . +Protection from insects and disease +In the 10-year period , it is proposed that insect and disease control on the National Forest System be stepped up to a level of prevention , detection , and control of insect and disease infestations that will substantially reduce the occurrence of large infestations toward the end of the initial period . +This will require about a 40 percent increase over the present level of protection . +The work will consist of : 1 . +

+

Intensification of present activities through ( A ) quicker , more extensive , and more thorough surveys to detect incipient outbreaks ; ; +( B ) more reliable evaluation of the potential of initial outbreaks to cause widespread damage ; ; +( C ) quicker and more effective control action in the initial stages to prevent a large-scale epidemic . +The initial suppression activities would cover about twice the acreage currently being treated . +2 . +

+

Continuation of present blister rust control work plus extension of control to 250,000 acres not now protected but which should be managed for white pine production . +The objective is to achieve sufficient effectiveness of control on all of the area now under treatment plus the additional acres so that after the initial period only maintenance control will be needed . +3 . +

+

Initiating a program to control dwarf mistletoe on several hundred thousand acres of selected better stands of young softwood sawtimber on better growing sites . +4 . +

+

Coordination of pest control objectives with timber management activities to reduce losses . +Protection from fire +It is proposed that in 10 years all commercial timberlands , all critical watersheds , and other lands in the National Forest System developed or proposed for intensive use will be given protection from fire adequate to meet the fire situation in the worst years and under serious peak loads . +This will include 125 million acres compared with 23 million acres now receiving such protection . +An additional 15 million acres will be given a lesser degree of protection but adequate to meet the average fire situation . +

+

Meeting these levels of protection from fire calls for : 1 . +

+

Expansion , modernization , and development of fire control to a proficiency and strength of force which will prevent as many fires as possible and suppress fires before they spread beyond permitted standards . +This is to be accomplished by nearly doubling the present level of preventive effort , detection , skilled fire-fighting crews , and equipment use . +This will include a stepped-up program of training and development of personnel . +2 . +

+

Adoption and use of new and modern techniques being developed for prevention , for suppression of fires while small , and for stopping large fires while running and burning intensely . +3 . +

+

Reduction of hazardous fuel conditions to minimize the chances of large fires developing and spreading to high-value areas . +This work will cover the most serious one-fourth of all land needing such treatment , and will consist of burning 250,000 acres of highly hazardous debris concentration , felling snags on 350,000 acres of high lightning-occurrence areas , prescribed burning on 3.5 million acres , removing roadside fuel on 39,000 acres , and clearing and maintaining 11,000 miles of firebreaks . +Protection from other damage +Rodent control work for the 10-year period will be aimed at control of the most serious infestations of harmful rodents , such as porcupines and mice , on high-value areas of forage and commercial timberlands . +These areas comprise about half of the total area of rodent infestation on the National Forests . +Approximately 1.8 million acres of rangelands and 9.4 million acres of timberlands would be treated in this period . +Control would be limited to those rodents for which economical means of control are known . +

+

Roads and trails +The transportation system which serves the National Forests is a complex of highways and access roads and trails under various ownerships and jurisdictions . +This system is divided into a forest highway system , administered by the Secretary of Commerce , and a forest development road and trail system , administered by the Secretary of Agriculture . +Both of these systems are essential for the production , development , and use of the National Forests . +

+

In the forest highway system , there are now 24,400 miles of public roads . +These are mostly through highways that carry traffic going from one destination to another . +Because administration of the forest highway system is a responsibility of the Secretary of Commerce with maintenance provided by the States and counties , this Development Program for the National Forests does not include estimates of the funds needed to maintain the forest highway system nor to construct the additions to it that are needed . +It is estimated that about 70,000 miles of forest highways will eventually be needed to fully serve the National Forests . +

+

In the forest development road and trail system , there are now 162,400 miles of roads and 106,500 miles of supplemental foot and horse trails . +These roads are largely of less than highway standards , and usually carry traffic which is related to use of the National Forests . +Construction and maintenance of this system is a responsibility of the Secretary of Agriculture . +It is estimated that about 542,250 miles of forest development roads , and 80,000 miles of trails , constitute the system that will eventually be needed to obtain the maximum practicable yield and use of the wood , water , forage , and wildlife and recreation resources of the National Forests on a continuing basis . +

+

The ultimate trail system will be of value primarily for recreation and wildlife utilization and fire protection . +It will be carefully planned to maintain optimum service to these important resources and watersheds . +

+

The presence or lack of access by road or trail has a direct and controlling influence on all phases of forest management and utilization such as : ( A ) +the protection of forage , timber , and wildlife resources from fire , insects , and disease ; ; +( B ) +the balanced use of recreation , hunting , and fishing areas ; ; +( C ) +the volume of timber that can be marketed , especially for small sales and the support of dependent communities and small business enterprises ; ; +( D ) +the level of salvage cutting in dead and dying timber stands and the opportunity to promptly salvage losses resulting from fire , windstorm , insects , and disease ; ; +( E ) +the protection of watershed lands from erosion and overgrazing by animals . +

+

The existence of road systems permits an intensity of management and use for all National Forest purposes that is not otherwise possible . +Furthermore , roads that give access to National Forest timber are investments which pay their own way over a period of years . +Use of these roads by the public results in substantial benefits to the localities the roads serve . +

+

The long-range objective of this Department is to provide and maintain a system of forest development roads and trails which will adequately service the National Forest System at the levels needed to meet expected needs and optimum production of products and services . +For the year 2000 this means servicing ( A ) the protection requirements of a watershed producing at least 200 million acre-feet of water each year , ( B ) recreation and wildlife resources used each year by 635 million visitors , ( C ) a timber resource supporting an annual cut of 21 billion board feet , and ( D ) 60 million acres of rangelands . +

+

Service at these levels of production and utilization will eventually require the construction of about 379,900 miles of new roads and 6,000 miles of new trails , along with the reconstruction to higher standards of about 105,000 miles of roads and 10,500 miles of trails . +About 26,500 miles of existing trails will be replaced in service by the construction of new roads . +About 80 percent of these long-range requirements should be met by the year 2000 . +

+

Program proposals for forest development roads and trails for the 10-year period 1963-1972 are as follows : 1 . +

+

Complete the construction and reconstruction of about 79,400 miles of multiple-purpose roads and 8,000 miles of trails . +This constitutes about 17 percent of the long-range requirements for these facilities . +

+

Approximately 40 percent of the value of the work on roads for access to timber which are planned for this period will be constructed by purchasers of National Forest timber , but paid for by the Government through adjustment of stumpage prices . +2 . +

+

Provide maintenance to full standards on the 268,900 miles of existing access roads and trails and on the new roads and trails constructed during the period . +

+

Land adjustment , land purchase , land use +Within the units in the National Forest System the pattern of land ownership is quite irregular . +In some units , National Forest ownership is well blocked together . +In many others , the previous patenting of land under the public land laws , or the way in which land was available for purchase , resulted in a scattered pattern of ownership . +

+

Within exterior boundaries of National Forests and National Grasslands , there are about 40,000,000 acres in non-Federal ownership . +One consequence is the occurrence of occasional conflicts because private owners of some inholdings object to public programs of use on neighboring National Forest or other Federal land , or because such ownerships are developed for uses that are not compatible with use for the public of neighboring National Forest land . +Some privately held inholdings are a source of direct damage to these Federal lands . +And some , which are suitable for tree growing and for other National Forest purposes , are unmanaged or in need of expensive rehabilitation , and are contributing nothing to the economy ; ; +there are no reasonable prospects that these conditions will be corrected or changed . +Lands in this last category are situated largely in the mountainous portions of the Eastern States . +

+

The long-range objective is to bring about consolidation of ownership through use of land exchange authority and through purchase on a moderate scale of inholdings which comprise key tracts for recognized National Forest programs such as recreation development , or which are a source of damage to lands in National Forests and National Grasslands . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/h21.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/h21.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5858d6b34f7e92eb44365b2731f34050d65e058e --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/h21.xml @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +Sample H21 from Public Papers of the Presidents of the U.S. D. D. Eisenhower, + 1960-1961. Containing the Public Messages, Speeches and + Statements of the President, January 1, 1960 to January 20, 1961. Pp. 48-53. +0010-1980 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,085 words 16 symbolsH21

Public Papers of the Presidents of the U.S. D. D. Eisenhower, + 1960-1961. Containing the Public Messages, Speeches and + Statements of the President, January 1, 1960 to January 20, 1961. Pp. 48-53. +0010-1980 +

Arbitrary Hyphen: break-through [1200]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Strategy and tactics of the U.S. military forces are now undergoing one of the greatest transitions in history . +The change of emphasis from conventional-type to missile-type warfare must be made with care , mindful that the one type of warfare cannot be safely neglected in favor of the other . +Our military forces must be capable of contending successfully with any contingency which may be forced upon us , from limited emergencies to all-out nuclear general war . +

+

Forces and military personnel strength . +

+

-- This budget will provide in the fiscal year 1961 for the continued support of our forces at approximately the present level -- a year-end strength of 2,489,000 men and women in the active forces . +The forces to be supported include an Army of 14 divisions and 870,000 men ; ; +a Navy of 817 active ships and 619,000 men ; ; +a Marine Corps of 3 divisions and 3 air wings with 175,000 men ; ; +and an Air Force of 91 combat wings and 825,000 men . +

+

If the reserve components are to serve effectively in time of war , their basic organization and objectives must conform to the changing character and missions of the active forces . +Quality and combat readiness must take precedence over mere numbers . +Under modern conditions , this is especially true of the ready reserve . +I have requested the Secretary of Defense to reexamine the roles and missions of the reserve components in relation to those of the active forces and in the light of the changing requirements of modern warfare . +

+

Last year the Congress discontinued its previously imposed minimum personnel strength limitations on the Army Reserve . +Similar restrictions on the strength of the Army National Guard contained in the 1960 Department of Defense Appropriation Act should likewise be dropped . +I strongly recommend to the Congress the avoidance of mandatory floors on the size of the reserve components so that we may have the flexibility to make adjustments in keeping with military necessity . +

+

I again proposed a reduction in the Army National Guard and Army Reserve -- from their present strengths of 400,000 and 300,000 , respectively , to 360,000 and 270,000 by the end of the fiscal year 1961 . +These strengths are considered adequate to meet the essential roles and missions of the reserves in support of our national security objectives . +

+

Military personnel costs . +

+

-- About 30% of the expenditures for the Department of Defense in 1961 are for military personnel costs , including pay for active , reserve , and retired military personnel . +These expenditures are estimated to be $12.1 billion , an increase of $187 million over 1960 , reflecting additional longevity pay of career personnel , more dependents , an increased number of men drawing proficiency pay , and social security tax increases ( effective for the full year in 1961 compared with only 6 months in 1960 ) . +Retired pay costs are increased by $94 million in 1961 over 1960 , partly because of a substantial increase in the number of retired personnel . +These increased costs are partially offset by a decrease of $56 million in expenditures for the reserve forces , largely because of the planned reduction in strength of the Army Reserve components during 1961 . +

+

Traditionally , rates of pay for retired military personnel have been proportionate to current rates of pay for active personnel . +The 1958 military pay act departed from this established formula by providing for a 6% increase rather than a proportionate increase for everyone retired prior to its effective date of June 1 , 1958 . +I endorse pending legislation that will restore the traditional relationship between retired and active duty pay rates . +

+

Operation and maintenance . +

+

-- Expenditures for operating and maintaining the stations and equipment of the Armed Forces are estimated to be $10.3 billion in 1961 , which is $184 million more than in 1960 . +The increase stems largely from the growing complexity of and higher degree of maintenance required for newer weapons and equipment . +

+

A substantial increase is estimated in the cost of operating additional communications systems in the air defense program , as well as in all programs where speed and security of communications are essential . +Also , the program for fleet modernization will be stepped up in 1961 causing an increase in expenditures . +Further increases arise from the civilian employee health program enacted by the Congress last year . +

+

Other factors increasing operating costs include the higher unit cost of each flying hour , up 11% in two years , and of each steaming hour , up 15% . +In total , these increases in operating costs outweigh the savings that result from declining programs and from economy measures , such as reduced numbers of units and installations , smaller inventories of major equipment , and improvements in the supply and distribution systems of the Armed Forces . +

+

In the budget message for 1959 , and again for 1960 , I recommended immediate repeal of section 601 of the Act of September 28 , 1951 ( 65 Stat. 365 ) . +This section prevents the military departments and the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization from carrying out certain transactions involving real property unless they come into agreement with the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives . +As I have stated previously , the Attorney General has advised me that this section violates fundamental constitutional principles . +Accordingly , if it is not repealed by the Congress at its present session , I shall have no alternative thereafter but to direct the Secretary of Defense to disregard the section unless a court of competent jurisdiction determines otherwise . +

+

Basic long-line communications in Alaska are now provided through Federal facilities operated by the Army , Air Force , and Federal Aviation Agency . +The growing communications needs of this new State can best be met , as they have in other States , through the operation and development of such facilities by private enterprise . +Legislation has already been proposed to authorize the sale of these Government-owned systems in Alaska , and its early enactment is desirable . +

+

Procurement , research , and construction . +

+

-- Approximately 45% of the expenditures for the Department of Defense are for procurement , research , development , and construction programs . +In 1961 , these expenditures are estimated at $18.9 billion , compared to $19.3 billion in 1960 . +The decreases , which are largely in construction and in aircraft procurement , are offset in part by increases for research and development and for procurement of other military equipment such as tanks , vehicles , guns , and electronic devices . +Expenditures for shipbuilding are estimated at about the same level as in 1960 . +

+

New obligational authority for 1961 recommended in this budget for aircraft procurement ( excluding amounts for related research and construction ) totals $4,753 million , which is $1,390 million below that enacted for 1960 . +On the other hand , the new authority of $3,825 million proposed for missile procurement ( excluding research and construction ) in 1961 is $581 million higher than for 1960 . +These contrasting trends in procurement reflect the anticipated changes in the composition and missions of our Armed Forces in the years ahead . +

+

The Department of Defense appropriation acts for the past several years have contained a rider which limits competitive bidding by firms in other countries on certain military supply items . +As I have repeatedly stated , this provision is much more restrictive than the general law , popularly known as the Buy American Act . +I urge once again that the Congress not reenact this rider . +

+

The task of providing a reasonable level of military strength , without endangering other vital aspects of our security , is greatly complicated by the swift pace of scientific progress . +The last few years have witnessed what have been perhaps the most rapid advances in military technology in history . +Some weapons systems have become obsolescent while still in production , and some while still under development . +

+

Furthermore , unexpectedly rapid progress or a technological break-through on any one weapon system , in itself , often diminishes the relative importance of other competitive systems . +This has necessitated a continuous review and reevaluation of the defense program in order to redirect resources to the newer and more important weapons systems and to eliminate or reduce effort on weapons systems which have been overtaken by events . +Thus , in the last few years , a number of programs which looked very promising at the time their development was commenced have since been completely eliminated . +For example , the importance of the Regulus 2 , a very promising aerodynamic ship-to-surface missile designed to be launched by surfaced submarines , was greatly diminished by the successful acceleration of the much more advanced Polaris ballistic missile launched by submerged submarines . +

+

Another example is the recent cancellation of the F-108 , a long-range interceptor with a speed three times as great as the speed of sound , which was designed for use against manned bombers in the period of the mid-1960's . +The substantial progress being made in ballistic missile technology is rapidly shifting the main threat from manned bombers to missiles . +Considering the high cost of the F-108 system -- over $4 billion for the force that had been planned -- and the time period in which it would become operational , it was decided to stop further work on the project . +Meanwhile , other air defense forces are being made effective , as described later in this message . +

+

The size and scope of other important programs have been reduced from earlier plans . +Notable in this category are the Jupiter and Thor intermediate range ballistic missiles , which have been successfully developed , produced , and deployed , but the relative importance of which has diminished with the increasing availability of the Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile . +

+

The impact of technological factors is also illustrated by the history of the high-energy fuel program . +This project was started at a time when there was a critical need for a high-energy fuel to provide an extra margin of range for high performance aircraft , particularly our heavy bombers . +Continuing technical problems involved in the use of this fuel , coupled with significant improvements in aircraft range through other means , have now raised serious questions about the value of the high-energy fuel program . +As a result , the scope of this project has been sharply curtailed . +

+

These examples underscore the importance of even more searching evaluations of new major development programs and even more penetrating and far-ranging analyses of the potentialities of future technology . +The cost of developing a major weapon system is now so enormous that the greatest care must be exercised in selecting new systems for development , in determining the most satisfactory rate of development , and in deciding the proper time at which either to place a system into production or to abandon it . +

+

Strategic forces . +

+

-- The deterrent power of our Armed Forces comes from both their nuclear retaliatory capability and their capability to conduct other essential operations in any form of war . +The first capability is represented by a combination of manned bombers , carrier-based aircraft , and intercontinental and intermediate range missiles . +The second capability is represented by our deployed ground , naval , and air forces in essential forward areas , together with ready reserves capable of effecting early emergency reinforcement . +

+

The Strategic Air Command is the principal element of our long-range nuclear capability . +One of the important and difficult decisions which had to be made in this budget concerned the role of the B-70 , a long-range supersonic bomber . +This aircraft , which was planned for initial operational use about 1965 , would be complementary to but likewise competitive with the four strategic ballistic missile systems , all of which are scheduled to become available earlier . +The first Atlas ICBM's are now operational , the first two Polaris submarines are expected to be operational this calendar year , and the first Titan ICBM's next year . +The Minuteman solid-fueled ICBM is planned to be operational about mid-1963 . +By 1965 , several or all of these systems will have been fully tested and their reliability established . +

+

Thus , the need for the B-70 as a strategic weapon system is doubtful . +However , I am recommending that development work on the B-70 air-frame and engines be continued . +It is expected that in 1963 two prototype aircraft will be available for flight testing . +By that time we should be in a much better position to determine the value of that aircraft as a weapon system . +

+

I am recommending additional acquisitions of the improved version of the B-52 ( the B-52H with the new turbofan engine ) and procurement of the B-58 supersonic medium bomber , together with the supporting refueling tankers in each case . +These additional modern bombers will replace some of the older B-47 medium bombers ; ; +one B-52 can do the work of several B-47's which it will replace . +Funds are also included in this budget to continue the equipping of the B-52 wings with the Hound Dog air-to-surface missile . +

+

In the coming fiscal year additional quantities of Atlas , Titan , and Polaris missiles also will be procured . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/h26.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/h26.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..351b357a79734310df53aaae7d7d7e6e0c55a17c --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/h26.xml @@ -0,0 +1,104 @@ +Sample H26 from [Anonymous,] A Brief Background of Brown & Sharpe Past Present + 8-page pamphlet, no date. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,004 words 20 (1.0%) quotesH26

Used by permission. 0010-1880

 [Anonymous,] A Brief Background of Brown & Sharpe Past Present + 8-page pamphlet, no date. +

Note: metalworking [0070] metal-working [1760]Typographical Error: superceded [1100]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

When the Brown & Sharpe Manufacturing Company reached its 125th year as a going industrial concern during 1958 , it became an almost unique institution in the mechanical world . +

+

With its history standing astride all but the very beginnings of the industrial revolution , Brown & Sharpe has become over the years a singular monument to the mechanical foresight of its founder , Joseph R. Brown , and a world-renowned synonym for precision and progress in metalworking technology . +

+

Joseph R. Brown grew up in the bustle and enterprise of New England between 1810 and 1830 . +He was early exposed to the mechanical world , and in his youth often helped his father , David Brown , master clock and watchmaker , as he plied his trade . +At the age of 17 he became an apprentice machinist at the shop of Walcott & Harris in Valley Falls , Rhode Island , and following two or three other jobs in quick succession after graduation , he went into business for himself in 1831 , making lathes and small tools . +This enterprise led to a father-and-son combination beginning in 1833 , under the name D. Brown & Son , a business which eventually grew into the modern corporation we now call Brown & Sharpe . +

+

The years of Joseph's partnership with his father were numbered . +In 1838 , a devastating fire gutted their small shop and soon thereafter David Brown moved west to Illinois , settling on a land grant in his declining years . +

+

Joseph Brown continued in business by himself , quickly rebuilding the establishment which had been lost in the fire and beginning those first steps which were to establish him as a pioneer in raising the standards of accuracy of machine shop practice throughout the world . +

+

Much of his genius , of course , sprang from his familiarity with clock movements . +During these early years the repair of watches and clocks and the building of special clocks for church steeples formed an important part of the young man's occupation . +He became particularly interested in graduating and precision measurement during the 1840's , and his thinking along these lines developed considerably during this period . +But his business also grew , and we are told that Mr. Brown found it increasingly difficult to devote as much time to his creative thinking as his inclinations led him to desire . +It must have been with some pleasure and relief that on September 12 , 1848 , Joseph Brown made the momentous entry in his job book , in his characteristically cryptic style , `` Lucian Sharpe came to work for me this day as an apprentice '' . +

+

The young apprentice apparently did well by Mr. Brown , for in the third year of his apprenticeship Lucian was offered a full partnership in the firm ; ; +the company became `` J. R. Brown & Sharpe '' , and entered into a new and important period of its development . +Mr. Sharpe's arrival in the business did indeed provide what Mr. Brown had most coveted -- time for `` tinkering '' , and the opportunity of carrying out in the back room those developments in precision graduation which most interested him at that time . +

+

By 1853 , the new partnership announced the precision vernier caliper as the first fruit of their joint efforts . +The basic significance of this invention helped them to follow it rapidly in 1855 by the development of a unique precision gear cutting and dividing engine . +That development , in turn , formed the foundation of still more significant expansions in later years -- in gear cutting , in circular graduating , in index drilling , and in many other fields where accuracy was a paramount requirement . +

+

Throughout their careers , both Mr. Brown and Mr. Sharpe were interested in the problem of setting up standards of measurement for the mechanical trades . +Several efforts were made in this direction , and though not all of them survive to this day , the Brown & Sharpe wire gage system was eventually adopted as the American standard and is still in common use today . +

+

As one development followed another , the company's reputation for precision in the graduating field brought it broader and broader opportunities for expansion in precision manufacture . +In 1858 , the partnership began manufacturing the Willcox & Gibbs sewing machine . +

+

As the story goes , Mr. Gibbs , who originally came from the back counties of the Commonwealth of Virginia , saw an illustration in a magazine of the famous Howe sewing machine . +Curious as to what made it work , he built a crude model of it in wood , and filed a piece of steel until he succeeded in making a metal pickup for the thread , enabling the crude machine to take stitches . +When he showed this model as his `` solution '' as to how the Howe sewing machine operated , he was told he was `` wrong '' , and discovered to his amazement that the Howe Machine , which was unknown to him in detail , used two threads while the one that he had perfected used only one . +Thus was invented the single thread sewing machine , which Mr. Gibbs in partnership with Mr. Willcox decided to bring to Brown & Sharpe with the proposal that the small company undertake its manufacture . +

+

The new work was a boon to the partnership , not only for its own value but particularly for the stimulation it provided to the imagination of J. R. Brown toward yet further developments for production equipment . +

+

The turret screw machine , now known as the Brown & Sharpe hand screw machine , takes its ancestry directly from Mr. Brown's efforts to introduce equipment to simplify the manufacture of the sewing machine . +Mr. Brown made important additions to the arts in screw machine design by drastically improving the means for revolving the turret , by introducing automatic feeding devices for the stock , and reversible tap and die holders . +

+

In 1861 , Mr. Brown's attention was called to yet another basic production problem -- the manufacture of twist drills . +At that time , during the Civil War , Union muskets were being manufactured in Providence and the drills to drill them were being hand-filed with rattail files . +This process neither satisfied the urgent production schedules nor Mr. Brown's imagination of the possibilities in the situation . +The child of this problem was Mr. Brown's famous Serial No. 1 Universal Milling Machine , the archtype from which is descended today's universal knee-type milling machine used throughout the world . +The original machine , bearing its famous serial number , is still on exhibition at the Brown & Sharpe Precision Center in Providence . +

+

During the Civil War period Mr. Brown also invented the Brown & Sharpe formed tooth gear cutter , a basic invention which ultimately revolutionized the world's gear manufacturing industry by changing its basic economics . +Up until that time it had been possible to make cutters for making gear teeth , but they were good for only one sharpening . +As soon as the time came for re-sharpening , the precise form of the gear tooth was lost and a new cutter had to be made . +This process made the economical manufacture of gears questionable until some way could be found to permit the repeated re-sharpening of gear tooth cutters without the loss of the precision form . +Mr. Brown's invention achieved this and , as a byproduct , formed the cornerstone of Brown & Sharpe's position of leadership in the gear making equipment field which lasted until the 1920's when superceded by other methods . +

+

The micrometer caliper , as a common workshop tool , also owes much to J. R. Brown . +Although Mr. Brown was not himself its inventor ( it was a French idea ) , it is typical that his intuition first conceived the importance of mass producing this basic tool for general use . +So it was that when Mr. Brown and Mr. Sharpe first saw the French tool on exhibition in Paris in 1868 , they brought a sample with them to the United States and started Brown & Sharpe in yet another field where it retains its leadership to this day . +

+

The final achievement of Mr. Brown's long and interesting mechanical career runs a close second in importance to his development of the universal milling machine . +That achievement was his creation of the universal grinding machine , which made its appearance in 1876 at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition . +This machine , like its milling counterpart , was the antecedent of a machine-family used to this very day in precision metalworking shops throughout the world . +Along with J. R. Brown's other major developments , the universal grinding machine was profoundly influential in setting the course of Brown & Sharpe for many years to come . +

+

Following Mr. Brown's death , there came forward in the Brown & Sharpe organization many other men who contributed greatly to the development of the company . +One such man was Samuel Darling . +

+

As head of the firm Darling & Swartz , Mr. Darling began by challenging Brown & Sharpe to its keenest competition during the 1850's and early 60's . +In 1868 , however , a truce was called between the companies , and the partnership of Darling , Brown & Sharpe was formed . +Between that year and the buying out of Mr. Darling's interest in 1892 , a large portion of the company's precision tool business was carried out under the name of Darling , Brown & Sharpe , and to this day many old precision tools are in use still bearing that famous trademark . +

+

Perhaps the outstanding standard bearer of Mr. Brown's tradition for accuracy was Mr. Oscar J. Beale , whose mechanical genius closely paralleled that of Mr. Brown , and whose particular forte was the development of the exceedingly accurate measuring machinery that enabled Brown & Sharpe to manufacture gages , and therefore its products , with an accuracy exceeding anything then available elsewhere in the world . +

+

Also important on the Brown & Sharpe scene , at the turn of the century , was Mr. Richmond Viall , Works Superintendent of the company from 1876 to 1910 . +Mr. Viall possessed remarkable talents for the leadership and development of men . +He was an ardent champion of the Brown & Sharpe Apprentice Program and personal counselor to countless able men who first developed their industrial talents with the company . +In one sense it can be said that one of the most important Brown & Sharpe products over the years has been the men who began work with the company and subsequently came to places of industrial eminence throughout the nation and even abroad . +

+

Commencing with the death of Lucian Sharpe in 1899 , the name of Henry D. Sharpe was for more than 50 years closely interwoven with the destiny of the company . +During his presidency , the company's physical plant was enormously expanded , and the length and breadth of the Brown & Sharpe machine tool line became the greatest in the world . +During the early part of this century , the Brown & Sharpe works in Providence were unchallenged as the largest single manufacturing facility devoted exclusively to precision machinery and tool manufacture anywhere in the world . +

+

During these years the company's product line followed the basic tenets laid down by Mr. Brown . +It expanded from hand screw machines to automatic screw machines , from simple formed-tooth gear cutting machines to gear hobbing machines and a large contract gear manufacturing business , from rudimentary belt-driven universal milling machines to a broad line of elaborately controlled knee-type and manufacturing type milling machines . +In the grinding machine field , expansion went far from universal grinders alone and took in cylindrical grinders , surface grinders , and a wide variety of special and semi-special models . +

+

In 1951 , Henry D. Sharpe , Jr. succeeded his father and continued the company's development as a major factor in the metal-working equipment business . +The company is still broadening its line and is now active on four major fronts . +

+

The Machine Tool Division is currently producing Brown & Sharpe single spindle automatic screw machines , grinding machines of many types , and knee and bed-type milling machines . +Recently added is the Brown & Sharpe turret drilling machine which introduces the company to an entirely new field of tool development . +

+

In the Industrial Products Division , the company manufactures and markets a wide line of precision gaging and inspection equipment , machinists' tools -- including micrometers , Vernier calipers , and accessories . +

+

In the Cutting Tool Division , the principal products include a wide variety of high speed steel milling cutters , end mills and saws . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/h29.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/h29.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4f18961f43c7a2be40f558fc732b551b5611937f --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/h29.xml @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +Sample H29 from Sprague Log, xxiii: 5 (January, 1961). Sprague Electric Company, + North Adams, Massachusetts. Used by permission. + Pp. 1,9 "R. C. Sprague Predicts Further Gain for Electronics Industry" + P. 1 "Gilbert B. Devey Named General Manager of Vectrol Engineering" + P. 1 "Swift & Garlington Assume Additional Duties In ICFS Dept." +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,037 words 8 symbolsH29

Sprague Log, xxiii: 5 (January, 1961). Sprague Electric Company, + North Adams, Massachusetts. Used by permission. +

Arbitrary Hyphens: well-informed [0620] English-born [1690]semi-conductors [1280] electro-magnetic [1890]Typographical Error: compatability [1900]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

In recent months , much attention has been given to the probable extent of the current downtrend in business and economists are somewhat divided as to the outlook for the near future . +And yet , despite some disappointment with the performance of this first year of the new decade , 1960 has been a good year in many ways , with many overall measures of business having reached new peaks for the year as a whole . +The shift in sentiment from excessive optimism early in the year to the present mood of caution has probably been a good thing , in that it has prevented the accumulation of the burdensome inventories that have characterized many previous swings in the business cycle . +This caution has been particularly noticeable in a tendency of retailers and distributors to shift the inventory burden back on the supplier , and the fact stocks at retail are low in many lines has escaped attention because of the presence of higher stocks at the manufacturing level . +

+

In the electronics industry , this tendency is well illustrated by inventories of TV sets . +Factory stocks in recent months have been the highest they have been in three years , while those at retail are below 1959 . +The total value of our industry's shipments , at factory prices , increased from $9.2 billion in 1959 to approximately $10.1 billion as a result of increases in all of the major segments of our business -- home entertainment , military , industrial , and replacement . +I believe a further gain is in prospect for 1961 . +

+

Home entertainment sales up +Reflecting the largest percentage of high-end sets such as consoles and combinations since 1953 , dollar value of home entertainment electronics in 1960 was about $1.9 billion , compared to $1.7 billion in 1959 . +Sales of TV sets at retail ran ahead of the like months of 1959 through July ; ; +set production ( excluding those destined for the export market ) also ran ahead in the early months , but was curtailed after the usual vacation shutdowns in the face of growing evidence that some of the early production plans had been overly optimistic . +For the year as a whole , retail sales of TV sets probably came to 5.8 million against 5.7 million in 1959 ; ; +however , production came to only 5.6 million compared to 6.2 million . +

+

In contrast to the lower turnout of TV , total radio production increased from 15.4 million sets to 16.7 million ( excluding export ) . +Both home and auto radios were in excellent demand , with retail sales of home sets ahead of 1959 in every month of the first eleven ; ; +sales and production of home sets were about equal at 10.4 million units . +Auto set production came to about 6.3 million compared to 5.6 million in 1959 . +Separate phonographs also had a good year , reflecting the growing popularity of stereo sound and the same tendency on the part of the consumer to upgrade that characterized the radio-TV market . +

+

The outlook for entertainment electronics in 1961 is certainly far from clear at present , but recent surveys have shown a desire on the part of consumers to step up their buying plans for durable goods . +I would expect that sales at retail in the first half of 1961 might be below 1960 by some 10 - 15% but that second-half levels should show a favorable comparison , with a possibility of quite strong demand late in the year if business conditions recover as some recent forecasts suggest they will . +I look for TV sales and production to be approximately equal at 5.7 million sets for the year , but I look for some decline in radios from the high rate in 1961 to more nearly the 1959 level of 15.0 - 15.5 million sets . +I therefore believe it is realistic to assume a modest drop in the total value of home entertainment electronics to about $1.8 million , slightly below 1960 , but above 1959 . +

+

Military electronics to grow +1960 witnessed another substantial increase in our industry's shipments of military electronics , which totalled about $5.4 billion compared to $4.9 billion in 1959 . +It is interesting to note that the present level of military electronics procurement is greater than the industry's total sales to all markets in 1950-1953 , which were good years for our industry with television enjoying its initial period of rapid consumer acceptance . +It has been correctly pointed out by well-informed people in the industry that it is probably unrealistic to expect a continuation of the yearly growth of 15% or better that characterized the decade of the 1950's , and that our military markets may be entering upon a new phase in which procurement of multiple weapons systems will give way to concentration of still undeveloped areas of our defense capability . +While this may well be true in general , I believe it is also important to keep in mind that some recent developments suggest that over the next year or so military electronics may be one of the most strongly growing areas in an economy which is not expanding rapidly in other directions . +

+

Among the items scheduled for acceleration in the near future are the Polaris and B70 programs , strengthening of the airborne alert system of the Strategic Air Command , and improved battlefield surveillance systems . +Research and development expenditures connected with the reconnaissance satellite SAMOS and the future development of ballistic missile defense systems such as Nike-Zeus are expected to increase substantially . +Research , development test and evaluation funds , devoted to missiles in 1960 were 3 to 4 times as large as those devoted to aircraft , and actual missile procurement is expected to exceed aircraft procurement by 1963 . +Still later , the realm of space technology will show substantial gains ; ; +it has been estimated that spending by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration will rise from less than $500 million in fiscal 1960 to more than $2 billion by 1967 , and that the electronic industry's share of these expenditures will be closer to 50% than the current 20% . +

+

The stepped-up defense procurement called for in the 1961 Budget has already begun to make itself felt in an upturn in orders for military electronic equipment and the components that go into it , and it has been suggested that an additional $2 billion increase in total defense spending may be requested for fiscal 1962 . +Although the impact of these increases on our industry's shipments will be gradual , on balance I look for another good increase in shipments in the coming year , to at least $6 billion . +

+

Industrial electronic equipment +Paced by the continuing rapid growth of electronic data processing , sales of industrial and commercial electronic equipment totalled $1.8 billion compared to $1.6 billion in 1959 . +The market for computers and other data-handling continues to expand at the rate of about 30% annually , reaching some $450 million in 1960 . +Informed estimates look for this market to approximately quadruple by the late 1960's , under the stimulus of new applications in the fields of banking and retailing , industrial process control , and information storage and retrieval . +In the industrial field , prospects for higher expenditures on electronic testing and measuring equipment are also quite bright . +For the near term , however , it must be realized that the industrial and commercial market is somewhat more sensitive to general business conditions than is the military market , and for this reason I would expect that any gain in 1961 may be somewhat smaller than those of recent years ; ; +sales should slightly exceed 1960 , however , and reach $1.9 billion . +

+

Replacement parts +In addition to the three major original equipment segments of the electronics business , the steady growth in the market for replacement parts continues year by year . +This is now a $1.0 billion business , up from $0.9 billion in 1959 , and should reach $1.1 billion in 1961 . +

+

The markets for electronic parts in 1960 have reflected the changing patterns of the various end equipment segments of the industry . +Demand for parts for home entertainment was strong in the first half , but purchases were cut back to lower levels during the fall as set manufacturers reduced their own operating rates . +In the military field , incoming orders turned down early in the year , and remained rather slow until late fall when the upturn in procurement of equipment began to make itself felt in rising orders for components . +

+

Sales of transistors in 1960 exceeded $300 million , compared to $222 million in 1959 despite substantial price reductions in virtually all types . +Production totalled about 123 million units against 82 million in 1959 , and I look for a further gain to 188 million units worth approximately $380 million in 1961 . +Sales of passive components , such as capacitors and resistors , although not growing as fast as those of semi-conductors were ahead of 1959 this year , and should increase again in 1961 . +

+

In sum , I look for another good year for the electronics industry in 1961 , with total sales increasing about 7% to $10.8 billion , despite the uncertainties in the business outlook generally . +As I have indicated above , I base this feeling on a belief that current weakness in the market for consumer durable goods may continue through the early months of the year , but will give way to a sufficiently strong recovery later on to bring the full-year figures close to those of 1960 ; ; +on prospects for continued increases in defense spending ; ; +and on continued growth in the applications of electronics to the complex problems of manufacturing and trade in the expanding but competitive economy of the 1960's . +

+

The appointment of Gilbert B. Devey as General Manager of VecTrol Engineering , Inc. , of Stamford , Connecticut , a leading manufacturer of thyratron and silicon controlled rectifier electrical controls , has been announced by David B. Peck , Vice President , Special Products . +

+

Mr. Devey will be responsible for the commercial expansion of VecTrol's line of electronic and electrical power control components as furnished to end equipment manufacturers , working closely with Walter J. Brown , President and Director of Engineering of the recently acquired Sprague subsidiary . +Mr. Brown will at the same time undertake expansion of VecTrol's custom design program for electronic control users with a greatly increased engineering staff . +

+

Mr. Devey's new responsibilities are in addition to those of his present post as marketing manager of Sprague's Special Products Group , which manufactures a wide line of digital electronic components , packaged component assemblies , and high temperature magnet wires . +

+

Mr. Devey first came to Sprague in 1953 as a Product Specialist in the Field Engineering Department , coming from the Office of Naval Research in Washington , D. C. , where he was an electronic scientist engaged in undersea warfare studies . +During World War 2 , , he was a lieutenant commander in the United States Navy . +Mr. Devey is a graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , and attended the United States Naval Academy Post-Graduate School specializing in electronic engineering . +He was named Product Manager of the Special Products Division of Sprague when it was founded in 1958 , and was later promoted to his present post . +Mr. Devey is a member of the Institute of Radio Engineers , and is chairman of the Electronic Industries Association Committee on Printed and Modular Components . +

+

Mr. Brown , well-known , English-born inventor , prior to founding VecTrol was at various times section leader in radio research at Metropolitan Vickers Electrical Co. , Ltd. ; ; +chief engineer of the radio set division of Electric and Musical Industries , Ltd. , the largest electronic equipment manufacturer in Great Britain ; ; +director of engineering at Philco of Great Britain , Ltd. , and vice president in charge of production and assistant to the president at The Brush Development Co. , Cleveland , Ohio . +He has a Bachelor of Science from the University of Manchester , England . +Mr. Brown presently has over 130 patents to his credit dating back to 1923 . +He is a fellow of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers , and a senior member of the Institute of Radio Engineers . +He is a member of the Institution of Electrical Engineers , London , a registered professional engineer in Connecticut and Ohio , and a chartered electrical engineer in Great Britain . +

+

The promotion of Robert E. Swift to the position of Assistant Manager of the Interference Control Field Service Department was announced early in December by Frederick S. Scarborough , Manager of Interference Control Field Service . +The appointment was made in a move to expand the engineering services offered to the designers of electronic systems through assistance in electro-magnetic compatability problems . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/h30.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/h30.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73ba1e17976568baee03114d2f6cb5e7e002385c --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/h30.xml @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +Sample H30 from Fifty-sixth Annual Report for the Year ending June 30, 1961. The + Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. [Summary from + Harold W. Dodds, The College and University President at Work.] Pp. 18-24. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,003 words 15 (0.7%) quotesH30

Used by permission. 0010-1940

 Fifty-sixth Annual Report for the Year ending June 30, 1961. The + Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. [Summary from + Harold W. Dodds, The College and University President at Work.] Pp. 18-24. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Between meetings he helps the president keep track of delegated matters . +Since these duties fit neatly with those of the proposed presidential aide , one person , with adequate staff assistance , could fill both jobs . +

+

Since faculty see themselves as self-employed professionals rather than as employees , enthusiasm in a common enterprise is proportionate to the sense of ownership they have in it by virtue of sharing in the decisions that govern its course . +

+

The faculty believes that broad autonomy is necessary to preserve its freedom in teaching and scholarship . +The president expects faculty members to remember , in exercising their autonomy , that they share no collective responsibility for the university's income nor are they personally accountable for top-level decisions . +He may welcome their appropriate participation in the determination of high policy , but he has a right to expect , in return , that they will leave administrative matters to the administration . +

+

How well do faculty members govern themselves ? ? +There is little evidence that they are giving any systematic thought to a general theory of the optimum scope and nature of their part in government . +They sometimes pay more attention to their rights than to their own internal problems of government . +They , too , need to learn to delegate . +Letting the administration take details off their hands would give them more time to inform themselves about education as a whole , an area that would benefit by more faculty attention . +

+

Although faculties insist on governing themselves , they grant little prestige to a member who actively participates in college or university government . +There are , nevertheless , several things that the president can do to stimulate participation and to enhance the prestige of those who are willing to exercise their privilege . +He can , for example , present significant university-wide issues to the senate . +He can encourage quality in faculty committee work in various ways : by seeing to it that the membership of each committee represents the thoughtful as well as the action-oriented faculty ; ; +by making certain that no faculty member has too many committee assignments ; ; +by assuring good liaison between the committees and the administration ; ; +by minimizing the number of committees . +

+

Despite the many avenues for the exchange of ideas between faculty and administration , complaints of a lack of communication persist . +The cause is as often neglect as hesitance to disclose . +A busy president , conversant with a problem and its ramifications and beset by pressures to meet deadlines , tends naturally to assume that others must be as familiar with a problem as he is . +The need for interchange and understanding makes vital the full use of all methods of consultation . +

+

To increase faculty influence and decrease tension , many presidents have established a standing advisory committee with which they can discuss problems frankly . +

+

The president has little influence in day-by-day curricular changes , but if he looks ahead two , three , or five years to anticipate issues and throw out challenging ideas , he can open the way for innovation , and he can also have a great deal to say as to what path it will take . +Success will require tact , sensitivity to faculty prerogatives , patience , and persistence . +

+

The critical task for every president and his academic administrative staff is to assure that the college or university continually rebuilds and regenerates itself so that its performance will match changing social demands . +Great professors do not automatically reproduce themselves . +

+

Deans can form an important bridge between the president and the faculty . +They serve not only as spokesmen for their areas , but they also contribute to top-level decision making . +The president who appoints strong men who have an all-college or university point of view and a talent and respect for administration can count on useful assistance . +

+

Faculty members depend on their department chairmen to promote their interests with the administration . +The administration at the same time , looks to the chairmen for strategic aid in building stronger departments . +One way that this can be done , other than by hiring new high-priced professors , is by constantly encouraging the department members to raise their standards of performance . +

+

The quality of a president's leadership is measured first by his success in building up the faculty . +By supporting the efforts of the many faculty members who are working to attain ever higher standards , the president can encourage faculty leadership . +Indirectly he can best help them by insuring that rigorous criteria for appointment and promotion are clearly set forth and adhered to . +

+

The academic dean should take a direct , long-term interest in faculty development . +An alert dean will confer all through the year on personnel needs , plans for the future , qualifications of those on the job , and bright prospects elsewhere . +

+

For the maintenance of a long-term program , the departments , and particularly their chairmen , are strategic . +They evaluate and nominate candidates for appointment and promotion . +To provide an independent judgment for the president , the academic dean also investigates candidates thoroughly . +

+

At some colleges and universities , a faculty committee reviews and reports to the administration on the qualifications of candidates . +Some faculty members and many administrators oppose faculty review groups because they either repeat department's actions or act pro forma . +They can be effective , however , if their members set high standards for candidates and devote substantial time to the work . +At one university , the president cites the faculty review committee as `` a valued partner of the administration in guarding and promoting the quality of the faculty '' . +

+

Before the president recommends a candidate to the trustees , the administration collects the views of colleagues in the same field of knowledge on campus and elsewhere . +The president or dean reads some of his publications to form the truest possible evaluation of the quality of his mind . +No good way to evaluate teaching ability has yet been discovered , although some institutions use inventory sheets for a list of criteria . +To avoid passing over quiet , unaggressive teachers as well as to decide whether others merit promotion , review of the right of faculty members to promotion or salary increases should be made periodically whether or not they have been recommended for advancement by their departments . +

+

There are certain aspects of personnel development in which a president must involve himself directly . +He should personally consider the potential of a faculty member proposed for tenure , to guard against the mistake of making this profoundly serious commitment turn solely upon the man's former achievements . +No one can be as effective as the president in inspiring older men to welcome imaginative new teachers whose philosophy or approach to their specialties is quite different . +In particular , the president may have to summon all his oratorical powers to persuade department members to accept an outstanding man above the normal salary scale . +On those rare occasions when a faculty member on tenure is not meeting the standards of the institution , the president must also bear the ultimate burden of decision and action . +

+

A true university , like most successful marriages , is a unity of diversities Without forcing all components into a single pattern , the preparation of a master plan is an opportunity to consider interrelation of knowledge at its highest level , which a university -- in contrast to a multiversity -- should stand for . +

+

Recently colleges and universities have begun to translate their educational philosophy into institution-wide goals . +Each year a few more institutions are deciding such questions as : Shall we require a liberal education built around a humanities core for all undergraduates ? ? +Or shall we permit early specialization in scientific and technological subjects ? ? +In the first instance , adequate appropriate reading materials and library accommodations must be planned . +In the second , more shops , laboratories , and staff will be required . +

+

For the president , a master plan looking ahead five years ( the maximum reach for sound forecasting ) , offers several practical advantages . +Trustees , faculty , and administration can consider the consequences of decisions before they are made , instead of afterwards . +Physical plant and equipment can be efficiently developed . +Proposed new programs can be examined for appropriateness to goals and for present and future financial fitness . +More than one president has found that a long-range plan helps him to attract major gifts . +It inspires confidence in his institution's determination to establish goals and to achieve them . +

+

Before deciding where it is going , however , a college or university must know where it is . +The first step is a comprehensive self study made by faculty , by outside consultants , or by a combination of the two . +It should sternly appraise curricula , faculty , organization , buildings , faculty work loads , and potential for growth in stature and size . +

+

Implementation of the master plan will inevitably be uneven . +Some departments will attack their new goals enthusiastically ; ; +others may drag their feet . +Funds may be readily donated for some purposes but not others . +A plan must therefore be brought up to date periodically , possibly with the assistance of a permanent planning officer . +

+

To provide the continuous flow of information basic to administrative decisions , a number of institutions have established offices of institutional research . +Some offices have very broad responsibilities , touching on almost all aspects of a university's instructional program . +Their duties include evaluation of the information collected and preparation of recommendations . +More often , these offices are restricted to the gathering of empirical data . +

+

The president's opportunity for influencing education reaches its highest point , as he decides which projects he will cut back , which he will advance by increased allowances or new fund-raising efforts . +

+

No matter how high the hopes and dreams of educators , budget making adjusts them to the cold realities of dollars and cents . +When the budget goes to trustees for approval it is the president's budget , to which his faith and credit are committed ; ; +its principal features should be a product of his most considered judgment . +He cannot , of course , examine each proposal from scratch . +He reviews and shapes the work of others to mold a single joint product that will best promote the aims of the institution . +

+

Budgeting must be flexible to allow adaptation to the rapid changes in scientific and technological scholarship . +Because scientific instruction and research involve increasingly large sums of money , an institution should choose its fields of prominence . +Otherwise it will be headed for bankruptcy , at worst , and at best towards starvation of other less dramatic but socially and culturally indispensable branches of learning . +In the national interest even the affluent universities must consider some division of labor among them to replace their present ambitions to keep up with the Joneses in all branches . +

+

Supporting activities -- business management , public relations , fund-raising -- offer presidents one of their best chances to buy freedom for attention to education . +Here the reasonable mastery of the elements of administration can do much to free a president for his primary role . +

+

In the areas that do not relate directly to the educational program , expert subordinates will serve the college or university better than close presidential attention . +The president should find strong subordinates and delegate the widest discretion to them . +Higher education cannot compete with the salary scales of the business world , but an educational institution can offer many potent intangible attractions to members of the business community that will offset the differences in income . +

+

Just as the entire faculty should know the president's educational philosophy and objectives , so should non-academic officers . +They will better understand the relationship of their activities to the academic program and they will be able to explain their actions to faculty in terms of mutual goals . +

+

A president is frequently besieged to serve in non-academic civic and governmental capacities , to make speeches to lay groups , and to make numerous ceremonial appearances on and off campus . +Since he can neither accept nor reject them all , he must be governed by the time and energy available for his prime professional obligations . +Declinations and substitutions are better received when he explains why his obligations to his institution preclude his acceptance . +

+

By sharing the load of important speeches with his colleagues , the president can develop a cadre of able spokesmen who will help to create a public perception of the university as an institution , something more than the lengthened shadow of one man . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j01.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j01.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cec99cf60b00aae4c74b515251b8d2ec93b22e06 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j01.xml @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +Sample J01 from Cornell H. Mayer, "Radio Emission of the Moon and Planets" in + Gerard P. Kuiper and Barbara M. Middlehurst, editors, Planets + and Satellites. Vol. 3 of The Solar System. Chicago: The + University of Chicago Press, 1961. Pp. 442-446. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,000 words 30 symbols 1 formulaJ01

Copyright 1961 by The University of Chicago Press. Used by permission.

 Cornell H. Mayer, "Radio Emission of the Moon and Planets" in + Gerard P. Kuiper and Barbara M. Middlehurst, editors, Planets + and Satellites. Vol. 3 of The Solar System. Chicago: The + University of Chicago Press, 1961. Pp. 442-446. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

1 . +Introduction +It has recently become practical to use the radio emission of the moon and planets as a new source of information about these bodies and their atmospheres . +The results of present observations of the thermal radio emission of the moon are consistent with the very low thermal conductivity of the surface layer which was derived from the variation in the infrared emission during eclipses ( e.g. , Garstung , 1958 ) . +When sufficiently accurate and complete measurements are available , it will be possible to set limits on the thermal and electrical characteristics of the surface and subsurface materials of the moon . +

+

Observations of the radio emission of a planet which has an extensive atmosphere will probe the atmosphere to a greater extent than those using shorter wave lengths and should in some cases give otherwise unobtainable information about the characteristics of the solid surface . +Radio observations of Venus and Jupiter have already supplied unexpected experimental data on the physical conditions of these planets . +The observed intensity of the radio emission of Venus is much higher than the expected thermal intensity , although the spectrum indicated by measurements at wave lengths near 3 cm and 10 cm is like that of a black body at about 600-degrees . +This result suggests a very high temperature at the solid surface of the planet , although there is the possibility that the observed radiation may be a combination of both thermal and non-thermal components and that the observed spectrum is that of a black body merely by coincidence . +For the case of Jupiter , the radio emission spectrum is definitely not like the spectrum of a black-body radiator , and it seems very likely that the radiation reaching the earth is a combination of thermal radiation from the atmosphere and non-thermal components . +

+

Of the remaining planets , only Mars and Saturn have been observed as radio sources , and not very much information is available . +Mars has been observed twice at about 3-cm wave length , and the intensity of the observed radiation is in reasonable agreement with the thermal radiation which might be predicted on the basis of the known temperature of Mars . +The low intensity of the radiation from Saturn has limited observations , but again the measured radiation seems to be consistent with a thermal origin . +No attempts to measure the radio emission of the remaining planets have been reported , and , because of their distances , small diameters , or low temperatures , the thermal radiation at radio wave lengths reaching the earth from these sources is expected to be of very low intensity . +In spite of this , the very large radio reflectors and improved amplifying techniques which are now becoming available should make it possible to observe the radio emission of most of the planets in a few years . +

+

The study of the radio emission of the moon and planets began with the detection of the thermal radiation of the moon at 1.25-cm wave length by Dicke and Beringer ( 1946 ) . +This was followed by a comprehensive series of observations of the 1.25-cm emission of the moon over three lunar cycles by Piddington and Minnett ( 1949 ) . +They deduced from their measurements that the radio emission from the whole disk of the moon varied during a lunation in a roughly sinusoidal fashion ; ; +that the amplitude of the variation was considerably less than the amplitude of the variation in the infrared emission as measured by Pettit and Nicholson ( 1930 ) and Pettit ( 1935 ) ; ; +and that the maximum of the radio emission came about 3-1/2 days after Full Moon , which is again in contrast to the infrared emission , which reaches its maximum at Full Moon . +Piddington and Minnett explained their observations by pointing out that rocklike materials which are likely to make up the surface of the moon would be partially transparent to radio waves , although opaque to infrared radiation . +The infrared emission could then be assumed to originate at the surface of the moon , while the radio emission originates at some depth beneath the surface , where the temperature variation due to solar radiation is reduced in amplitude and shifted in phase . +Since the absorption of radio waves in rocklike material varies with wave length , it should be possible to sample the temperature variation at different depths beneath the surface and possibly detect changes in the structure or composition of the lunar surface material . +

+

The radio emission of a planet was first detected in 1955 , when Burke and Franklin ( 1955 ) identified the origin of interference-like radio noise on their records at about 15 meters wave length as emission from Jupiter . +This sporadic type of planetary radiation is discussed by Burke ( chap. 13 ) and Gallet ( chap. 14 ) . +Steady radiation which was presumably of thermal origin was observed from Venus at 3.15 and 9.4 cm , and from Mars and Jupiter at 3.15 cm in 1956 ( Mayer , McCullough , and Sloanaker , 1958 , A , B , C ) , and from Saturn at 3.75 cm in 1957 ( Drake and Ewen , 1958 ) . +In the relatively short time since these early observations , Venus has been observed at additional wave lengths in the range from 0.8 to 10.2 cm , and Jupiter has been observed over the wave-length range from 3.03 to 68 Aj . +

+

The observable characteristics of planetary radio radiation are the intensity , the polarization , and the direction of arrival of the waves . +The maximum angular diameter of any planetary disk as observed from the earth is about 1 minute of arc . +This is much smaller than the highest resolution of even the very large reflectors now under construction , and consequently the radio emission of different regions of the disk cannot be resolved . +It should be possible , however , to put useful limits on the diameters of the radio sources by observing with large reflectors or with interferometers . +Measurements of polarization are presently limited by apparatus sensitivity and will remain difficult because of the low intensity of the planetary radiation at the earth . +There have been few measurements specifically for the determination of the polarization of planetary radiation . +The measurements made with the NRL 50-foot reflector , which is altitude-azimuth-mounted , would have shown a systematic change with local hour angle in the measured intensities of Venus and Jupiter if a substantial part of the radiation had been linearly polarized . +Recent interferometer measurements ( Radhakrishnan and Roberts , 1960 ) have shown the 960-mc emission of Jupiter to be partially polarized and to originate in a region of larger diameter than the visible disk . +Other than this very significant result , most of the information now available about the radio emission of the planets is restricted to the intensity of the radiation . +

+

The concept of apparent black-body temperature is used to describe the radiation received from the moon and the planets . +The received radiation is compared with the radiation from a hypothetical black body which subtends the same solid angle as the visible disk of the planet . +The apparent black-body disk temperature is the temperature which must be assumed for the black body in order that the intensity of its radiation should equal that of the observed radiation . +The use of this concept does not specify the origin of the radiation , and only if the planet really radiates as a black body , will the apparent black-body temperature correspond to the physical temperature of the emitting material . +

+

The radio radiation of the sun which is reflected from the moon and planets should be negligible compared with their thermal emission at centimeter wave lengths , except possibly at times of exceptional outbursts of solar radio noise . +The quiescent level of centimeter wave-length solar radiation would increase the average disk brightness temperature by less than 1-degree . +At meter wave lengths an increase of the order of 10-degrees in the average disk temperatures of the nearer planets would be expected . +Therefore , neglecting the extreme outbursts , reflected solar radiation is not expected to cause sizable errors in the measurements of planetary radiation in the centimeter- and decimeter-wave-length range . +

+

2 . +The moon +2.1 observations +Radio observations of the moon have been made over the range of wave lengths from 4.3 mm to 75 cm , and the results are summarized in Table 1 . +Observations have also been made at 1.5 mm using optical techniques ( Sinton , 1955 , 1956 , ; ; +see also chap. 11 ) . +Not all the observers have used the same procedures or made the same assumptions about the lunar brightness distribution when reducing the data , and this , together with differences in the methods of calibrating the antennae and receivers , must account for much of the disagreement in the measured radio brightness temperatures . +

+

In the observations at 4.3 mm ( Coates , 1959 ) , the diameter of the antenna beam , 6'.7 , was small enough to allow resolution of some of the larger features of the lunar surface , and contour diagrams have been made of the lunar brightness distribution at three lunar phases . +These observations indicate that the lunar maria heat up more rapidly and also cool off more rapidly than do the mountainous regions . +Mare Imbrium seems to be an exception and remains cooler than the regions which surround it . +These contour diagrams also suggest a rather rapid falloff in the radio brightness with latitude . +

+

Very recently , observations have been made at 8-mm wave length with a reflector 22 meters in diameter with a resultant beam width of only about 2' ( Amenitskii , Noskova , and Salomonovich , 1960 ) . +The constant-temperature contours are much smoother than those observed at 4.3 mm by Coates ( 1959 ) and apparently the emission at 8 mm is not nearly so sensitive to differences in surface features . +Such high-resolution observations as these are needed at several wave lengths in order that the radio emission of the moon can be properly interpreted . +

+

The observations of Mayer , McCullough , and Sloanaker at 3.15 cm and of Sloanaker at 10.3 cm have not previously been published and will be briefly described . +Measurements at 3.15 cm were obtained on 11 days spread over the interval May 3 to June 19 , 1956 , using the 50-foot reflector at the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory in Washington . +The half-intensity diameter of the antenna beam was about 9' , and the angle subtended by the moon included the entire main beam and part of the first side lobes . +The antenna patterns and the power gain at the peak of the beam were both measured ( Mayer , McCullough , and Sloanaker , 1958 ) , so that the absolute power sensitivity of the antenna beam over the solid angle of the moon was known . +The ratio of the measured antenna temperature change during a drift scan across the moon to the average brightness temperature of the moon over the antenna beam ( assuming that the brightness temperature of the sky is negligible ) was found , by graphical integration of the antenna directivity diagram , to be 0.85 . +The measured brightness temperature is a good approximation to the brightness temperature at the center of the lunar disk because of the narrow antenna beam and because the temperature distribution over the central portion of the moon's disk is nearly uniform . +The result of the observations is Af where the phase angle , Q , is measured in degrees from new moon and the probable errors include absolute as well as relative errors . +This result is plotted along with the 8.6-mm observations of Gibson ( 1958 ) in figure 1 , A . +The variation in the 3-cm emission of the moon during a lunation is very much less than the variation in the 8.6-mm emission , as would be expected from the explanation of Piddington and Minnett ( 1949 ) . +In the discussion which follows , the time average of the radio emission will be referred to as the constant component , and the superimposed periodic variation will be called the variable component . +

+

The 10.3-cm observation of Sloanaker was made on May 20 , 1958 , using the 84-foot reflector at the Maryland Point Observatory of the U. S. Naval Research Laboratory . +The age of the moon was about 2 days . +The half-intensity diameter of the main lobe of the antenna was about 18'.5 , and the brightness temperature was reduced by assuming a Gaussian shape for the antenna beam and a uniformly bright disk for the moon . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j09.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j09.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a61371ef149cef0f4970d8f592ca87fcebe7ead --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j09.xml @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +Sample J09 from M. Yokoyama et al., "Chemical and serological characteristics + of blood group antibodies in the ABO and Rh systems," The + Journal of Immunology, 87 (1961), 56-60. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,027 words 10 (0.5%) quotes 93 symbols 19 formulasJ09

Used by permission. 0010-1940

 M. Yokoyama et al., "Chemical and serological characteristics + of blood group antibodies in the ABO and Rh systems," The + Journal of Immunology, 87 (1961), 56-60. +

Note: Abbreviations without period (min hr ml) treated as symbolsTypographical Error: used [for use] [0600]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

A variety of techniques have been directed toward the isolation and study of blood group antibodies . +These include low-temperature ethanol ( Cohn ) fractionation , electrophoresis , ultracentrifugation and column chromatography on ion exchange celluloses . +Modifications of the last technique have been applied by several groups of investigators . +Abelson and Rawson , using a stepwise elution scheme , fractionated whole sera containing ABO and Rh antibodies on diethylaminoethyl DEAE cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose . +Speer and coworkers , in a similar study of blood group antibodies of whole sera , used a series of gradients for elution from Aj . +Fahey and Morrison used a single , continuous gradient at constant pH for the fractionation of anti-A and anti-B agglutinins from preisolated **yg-globulin samples . +

+

In the present work whole sera have been fractionated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose using single gradients similar to those described by Sober and Peterson , and certain chemical and serological properties of the fractions containing antibodies of the ABO and Rh systems have been described . +

+

Materials and methods +samples . +

+

Serum samples were obtained from normal group A , group B and group O donors . +Three of the anti-Rh sera used were taken from recently sensitized individuals . +One contained complete antibody and had a titer of 1 : 512 in saline . +The second contained incomplete antibody and showed titers of 1 : 256 in albumin and 1 : 2048 by the indirect Coombs test . +The third , containing the mixed type of complete and incomplete antibodies , had titers of 1 : 256 in saline , 1 : 512 in albumin and 1 : 1024 by the indirect Coombs test . +In addition one serum was obtained from a donor ( R. E. ) who had been sensitized 6 years previously . +This serum exhibited titers of 1 : 16 in albumin and 1 : 256 by the indirect Coombs test . +These antibody titers were determined by reaction with homozygous Af red cells . +Serological technique . +

+

Anti-A and anti-B activities were determined in fractions from the sera of group A , group B or group O donors by the following tube agglutination methods . +One drop of each sample was added to one drop of a 2% suspension of group Af or group B red cells in a small Af test tube . +In several instances group O cells were also used as controls . +The red cells were used within 2 days after donation and were washed with large amounts of saline before use . +The mixtures of sample plus cell suspension were allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 Aj . +The tubes were then centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 1 min and examined macroscopically for agglutination . +For the albumin method , equal volumes of 30% bovine albumin , sample and 2% cells suspended in saline were allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hr and then were centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 1 Aj . +All samples were tested by both the saline and albumin methods . +The activities of fractions of sera containing Rh antibodies were tested by the saline , albumin and indirect Coombs techniques . +Homozygous and heterozygous Af cells , Af and homozygous and heterozygous Af cells were used to test each sample ; ; +however , in the interest of clarity and conciseness only the results obtained with homozygous Af and homozygous Af cells will be presented here . +

+

The saline and albumin tests were performed as described for the ABO samples except that the mixture was incubated for 1 hr at 37-degrees-C before centrifugation . +The saline tubes were saved and used for the indirect Coombs test in the following manner . +The cells were washed three times with saline , anti-human serum was added , the cells were resuspended , and the mixture was centrifuged at 1000 rpm for 1 min and examined for agglutination . +The anti-human sera used were prepared by injecting whole human serum into rabbits . +Those antisera shown by immunoelectrophoresis to be of the `` broad spectrum '' type were selected for use in the present study . +

+

The red cells for the Rh antibody tests were used within 3 days after drawing except for the Af cells , which had been glycerolized and stored at -20-degrees-C for approximately 1 year . +These cells were thawed at 37-degrees-C for 30 min and were deglycerolized by alternately centrifuging and mixing with descending concentrations of glycerol solutions ( 20 , 18 , 10 , 8 , 4 and 2% ) . +The cells were then washed three times with saline and resuspended to 2% in saline . +Chromatography . +

+

Blood samples were allowed to clot at room temperature for 3 hr , centrifuged and the serum was removed . +The serum was measured volumetrically and subsequently dialyzed in the cold for at least 24 hr against three to four changes , approximately 750 ml each , of `` starting buffer '' . +This buffer , pH 8.6 , was 0.005 M in Af and 0.039 M in tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminometha ( Tris ) . +After dialysis the sample was centrifuged and the supernatant placed on a Af cm column of EEAE-cellulose equilibrated with starting buffer . +The DEAE-cellulose , containing 0.78 mEq of N/g , was prepared in our laboratory by the method of Peterson and Sober ( 7 ) from powdered cellulose , 100 - 230 mesh . +The small amount of insoluble material which precipitated during dialysis was suspended in approximately 5 ml of starting buffer , centrifuged , resuspended in 2.5 ml of isotonic saline and tested for antibody activity . +

+

The chromatography was done at 6-degrees-C using gradient elution , essentially according to Sober and Peterson . +The deep concave gradient employed ( fig. 2 ) was obtained with a nine-chambered gradient elution device ( `` Varigrad '' , reference ( 8 ) ) and has been described elsewhere . +The other , a shallow concave gradient ( Fig. 1 ) , was produced with a so-called `` cone-sphere '' apparatus , the `` cone '' being a 2-liter Erlenmeyer flask and the `` sphere , '' a 2-liter round-bottom flask . +Each initially contained 1700 ml of buffer ; ; +in the sphere was starting buffer and in the cone was final buffer , 0.50 M in both Af and Tris , pH 4.1 . +

+

A flow rate of 72 Af was used and 12 ml fractions were collected . +Approximately 165 fractions were obtained from each column . +These were read at 280 m**ym in a Beckman model DU spectrophotometer and tested for antibody activity as described above . +Paper electrophoresis . +

+

For protein identification , fractions from the column were concentrated by pervaporation against a stream of air at 5-degrees-C or by negative pressure dialysis in an apparatus which permitted simultaneous concentration of the protein and dialysis against isotonic saline . +During the latter procedure the temperature was maintained at 2-degrees-C by surrounding the apparatus with ice . +Because negative pressure dialysis gave better recovery of proteins , permitted detection of proteins concentrated from very dilute solutions and was a gentler procedure , it was used in all but the earliest experiments . +

+

Paper electrophoresis was carried out on the concentrated samples in a Spinco model R cell using barbital buffer , pH 8.6 , ionic strength 0.075 , at room temperature on Whatman 3MM filter paper . +Five milliamperes/cell were applied for 18 hr , after which the strips were stained with bromphenol blue and densitometry was carried out using a Spinco Analytrol . +

+

When paper electrophoresis was to be used for preparation , eight strips of a whole serum sample or a chromatographic fraction concentrated by negative pressure dialysis were run/chamber under the conditions described above . +At the end of the run , the strips in the third and sixth positions in each chamber were dried , stained for 1 hr , washed and dried , while the other strips were maintained in a horizontal position at 1-degree-C . +The unstained strips were then marked , using the stained ones as a guide , and cut transversely so as to separate the various protein bands . +The strip sections containing a given protein were pooled , eluted with 0.5 ml of isotonic saline , and the eluates were tested for antibody activity . +Ultracentrifugation . +

+

Fractions from the column which were to be subjected to analytical ultracentrifugation were concentrated by negative pressure dialysis and dialyzed for 16 hr in the cold against at least 500 volumes of phosphate-buffered saline , pH 7.2 , ionic strength 0.154 . +They were then centrifuged at 59,780 Pm for 35 to 80 min at 20-degrees-C in a Spinco model E ultracentrifuge at a protein concentration of 1.00 to 1.25% . +Sedimentation coefficients were computed as Af values and relative amounts of the various components were calculated from the Schlieren patterns . +

+

For preparative ultracentrifugation , fractions from the column were concentrated by negative pressure dialysis to volumes of 1 ml or less , transferred to cellulose tubes and diluted to 12 ml with isotonic saline . +Ultracentrifugation was then carried out in a Spinco model L ultracentrifuge at 40,000 rpm for 125 to 150 min , refrigeration being used throughout the run . +Successive 1-ml fractions were then drawn off with a hypodermic syringe , starting at the top of the tube , and tested for agglutinin activity . +

+

Other methods will be described below . +

+

Experimental and results +The insoluble material which precipitated during dialysis against starting buffer always showed intense agglutinin activity , regardless of the blood group of the donor . +With either of the gradients described , chromatography on DEAE-cellulose separated agglutinins of the ABO series into at least three regions ( Figs. 1 and 2 ) : one of extremely low anionic binding capacity , one of low anionic binding capacity and one of high anionic binding capacity . +These have been labeled Regions 1 , 2 , and 4 , respectively , in Fig. 1 . +When the early part of the gradient was flattened , either by using the gradient shown in Fig. 2 or by allowing the `` cone-sphere '' gradient to become established more slowly , Region 2 activity could sometimes be separated into two areas ( donors P. J. and R. S. , Fig. 1 and E. M. , Fig. 2 ) . +The latter procedure gave rise to a small active protein peak ( Region 1a ) between Regions 1 and 2 . +In 2 of 15 experiments on whole serum a region of agglutinin activity with intermediate anionic binding capacity was detected ( Region 3 , Fig. 1 ) . +Moreover , after concentration using negative pressure dialysis , agglutinin activity could sometimes be detected in the region designated 2a ( donors P. J. , D. A. , and J. F. , Fig. 1 ) . +

+

Not all these regions exhibited equal agglutinating activity , as evidenced by titer and the extent of the active areas . +In all cases , most of the activity lay in the region of high anionic binding capacity . +This was particularly noticeable in group A and group B sera , in which cases activity in Regions 1 and 2 was usually not detectable without prior concentration and occasionally could not be detected at all . +There appeared to be no difference in the distribution of anti-A and anti-B activity in group O serum , though in two group O donors ( J. F. and E. M. ) only one type of agglutinin was found in the regions of low anionic binding capacity ( Figs. 1 and 2 ) . +

+

Several samples of citrated plasma were fractionated in our laboratory by Method 6 of Cohn et al . +These fractions were tested for ABO agglutinin activity , using fractions from group AB plasma as a control . +As expected , most of the activity was found in Fraction Af , with slight activity seen in Fraction 4-1 . +A sample of Fraction Af from group O plasma was dissolved in starting buffer , dialyzed against this buffer and subjected to chromatography using the gradient shown in Fig. 2 . +Once again , both anti-A and anti-B activities were found in the insoluble material precipitated during dialysis . +Similarly , both types of antibodies were found in three regions of the chromatographic eluate , having extremely low , low , and high anionic binding capacity , respectively ( Fig. 3 ) . +

+

Chromatography of whole sera revealed that the areas of Rh antibody activity were generally continuous and wide . +The incomplete antibody activity appeared in the early part of the chromatogram ; ; +the complete , in the latter part . +The serum containing the mixed type of complete and incomplete antibodies showed activity in both regions ( Fig. 1 ) . +In all cases the activity against Af cells was spread over a wider area than that with Af cells , regardless of the type of test ( saline , albumin , indirect Coombs ) used for comparison . +The insoluble material resulting from dialysis against starting buffer always showed strong activity . +In fact agglutination of Af cells in saline could be produced by the insoluble material from sera containing `` only '' incomplete antibody activity . +This was later known to be the result of concentrating the minute amount of complete antibody found in these sera ; ; +when the insoluble fraction was suspended in a volume of saline equal to that of the original serum sample , no complete antibody activity could be detected . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j10.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j10.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6543f92c4292a657d1b8ee639ef155424af2eb89 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j10.xml @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +Sample J10 from B. J. D. Meeuse, The Story of Pollination. + New York: The Ronald Press Company, 1961. Pp. 104-108. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,004 words 11 (0.5%) quotes 1 symbolJ10

Copyright 1961 The Ronald Press Company. Used by permission. 0010-1720

 B. J. D. Meeuse, The Story of Pollination. + New York: The Ronald Press Company, 1961. Pp. 104-108. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Apart from the honeybee , practically all bees and bumblebees hibernate in a state of torpor . +Occasionally , you may come across one or two bumblebees in the cold season , when you are turning over sods in your garden , but you have to be a really keen observer to see them at all . +They keep their wings and feet pressed tightly against their bodies , and in spite of their often colorful attire you may very well mistake them for lumps of dirt . +I must add at once that these animals are what we call `` queens '' , young females that have mated in the previous summer or autumn . +It is on them alone that the future of their race depends , for all their relatives ( mothers , husbands , brothers , and unmated sisters ) have perished with the arrival of the cold weather . +Even some of the queens will die before the winter is over , falling prey to enemies or disease . +The survivors emerge on some nice , sunny day in March or April , when the temperature is close to 50-degrees and there is not too much wind . +Now the thing for us to do is to find ourselves a couple of those wonderful flowering currants such as the red Ribes sanguineum of our Pacific Northwest , or otherwise a good sloe tree , or perhaps some nice pussy willow in bloom , preferably one with male or staminate catkins . +The blooms of Ribes and of the willow and sloe are the places where large numbers of our early insects will assemble : honeybees , bumblebees , and other wild bees , and also various kinds of flies . +It is a happy , buzzing crowd . +

+

Each male willow catkin is composed of a large number of small flowers . +It is not difficult to see that the stamens of the catkin are always arranged in pairs , and that each individual flower is nothing but one such pair standing on a green , black-tipped little scale . +By scrutinizing the flowers , one can also notice that the scale bears one or two tiny warts . +Those are the nectaries or honey glands ( Fig. 26 , page 74 ) . +The staminate willow catkins , then , provide their visitors with both nectar and pollen ; ; +a marvelous arrangement , for it provides exactly what the bee queens need to make their beebread , a combination of honey and pollen with which the young of all species are fed . +The only exception to this is certain bees that have become parasites . +I will deal with these later on . +

+

Quite often , honeybees form a majority on the willow catkins . +As we have already seen in the first chapter , bumblebees are bigger , hairier , and much more colorful than honeybees , exhibiting various combinations of black , yellow , white and orange . +Let us not try to key them out at this stage of the game , and let us just call them Bombus . +There must be several dozen species in the United States alone . +If you really insist on knowing their names , an excellent book on the North American species is Bumblebees And Their Ways by O. E. Plath . +

+

If we manage to keep track of a Bombus queen after she has left her feeding place , we may discover the snug little hideout which she has fixed up for herself when she woke up from her winter sleep . +As befits a queen , a bumblebee female is rather choosy and may spend considerable time searching for a suitable nesting place . +Most species seem to prefer a ready-made hollow such as a deserted mouse nest , a bird house , or the hole made by a woodpecker ; ; +some show a definite liking for making their nest in moss . +Once she has made up her mind , the queen starts out by constructing , in her chosen abode , a small `` floor '' of dried grass or some woolly material . +On this , she builds an `` egg compartment '' or `` egg cell '' which is filled with that famous pollen-and-nectar mixture called beebread . +She also builds one or two waxen cups which she fills with honey . +Then , a group of eggs is deposited in a cavity in the beebread loaf and the egg compartment is closed . +The queen afterward keeps incubating and guarding her eggs like a mother hen , taking a sip from time to time from the rather liquid honey in her honey pots . +When the larvae hatch , they feed on the beebread , although they also receive extra honey meals from their mother . +She continues to add to the pollen supply as needed . +

+

The larvae , kept warm by the queen , are full grown in about ten days . +Each now makes a tough , papery cocoon and pupates . +After another two weeks , the first young emerge , four to eight small daughters that begin to play the role of worker bees , collecting pollen and nectar in the field and caring for the new young generation while the queen retires to a life of egg laying . +The first worker bees do not mate or lay eggs ; ; +males and mating females do not emerge until later in the season . +The broods of workers that appear later tend to be bigger than the first ones , probably because they are better fed . +By the middle of the summer , many of the larvae apparently receive such a good diet that it is `` optimal '' , and it is then that young queens begin to appear . +Simultaneously , males or drones are produced , mostly from the unfertilized eggs of workers , although a few may be produced by the queen . +The young queens and drones leave the nest and mate , and after a short period of freedom , the fertilized young queens will begin to dig in for the winter . +It is an amazing fact that in some species this will happen while the summer is still in full swing , for instance , in August . +The temperature then is still very high . +At the old nest , the queen will in the early fall cease to lay the fertilized eggs that will produce females . +As a result , the proportion of males ( which leave the nest ) increases , and eventually the old colony will die out completely . +The nest itself , the structure that in some cases housed about 2,000 individuals when the season was at its peak , is now rapidly destroyed by the scavenging larvae of certain beetles and moths . +

+

Not always , though , does the development of a bumblebee colony take place in the smooth fashion we have just described . +Some members of the bee family have become idlers , social parasites that live at the expense of their hardworking relatives . +Bumblebees can thus suffer severely from the onslaughts of Psithyrus , the `` cuckoo-bumblebee '' as it is called in some European countries . +Female individuals of Psithyrus look deceptively like the workers and queens of the bumblebees they victimize . +The one sure way to tell victim and villain apart is to examine the hind legs which in the case of the idler , Psithyrus , lack the pollen baskets -- naturally ! ! +The female parasite spends much time in her efforts to find a nest of her host . +When she succeeds , she usually manages to slip in unobtrusively , to deposit an egg on a completed loaf of beebread before the bumblebees seal the egg compartment . +The hosts never seem to recognize that something is amiss , so that the compartment afterward is sealed normally . +Thus , the larvae of the intruder can develop at the expense of the rightful inhabitants and the store of beebread . +Later on , they and the mother Psithyrus are fed by the Bombus workers . +Worse still , in a number of cases it has been claimed that the Psithyrus female kills the Bombus queen . +

+

But let us return , after this gruesome interlude , to our willow catkins in the spring ; ; +there are other wild bees that command our attention . +

+

It is almost certain that some of these , usually a trifle smaller than the honeybees , are andrenas or mining bees . +There are about 200 different kinds of Andrena in Europe alone . +One of my favorites is A. armata , a species very common in England , where it is sometimes referred to as the lawn bee . +The females like to burrow in the short turf of well-kept lawns , where their little mounds of earth often appear by the hundreds . +Almost equal in size to a honeybee , A. armata is much more beautiful in color , at least in the female of the species : a rich , velvety , rusty red . +The males are much duller . +

+

After having mated , an Andrena female digs a hole straight down into the ground , forming a burrow about the size of a lead pencil . +The bottom part of a burrow has a number of side tunnels or `` cells '' , each of which is provided with an egg plus a store of beebread . +The development of the Andrena larvae is very rapid , so that by the end of spring they have already pupated and become adults . +But they are still enclosed in their larval cells and remain there throughout the summer , fall , and winter . +Their appearance , next spring , coincides in an almost uncanny way with the flowering of their host plants . +In the Sacramento valley in California , for instance , it has been observed that there was not one day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins . +This must be due to a completely identical response to the weather , in the plant and the animal . +

+

After the male and female andrenas have mated , the cycle is repeated . +Although Andrena is gregarious , so that we may find hundreds and hundreds of burrows together , we must still call it a solitary bee . +Its life history is much simpler than that of the truly colonial bumblebees and can serve as an example of the life cycle of many other species . +After all , social life in the group of the bees is by no means general , although it certainly is a striking feature . +On the basis of its life history , we like to think that Andrena is more primitive than the bumblebees . +The way in which it transports its pollen is not so perfect , either . +It lacks pollen baskets and possesses only a large number of long , branched hairs on its legs , on which the pollen grains will collect . +Still Andrena will do a reasonably good job , so that an animal with a full pollen load looks like a gay little piece of yellow down floating in the wind . +

+

Closely related to the andrenas are the nomias or alkali bees . +Nomia melanderi can be found in tremendous numbers in certain parts of the United States west of the Great Plains , for example , in Utah and central Washington . +In the United States Department of Agriculture's Yearbook Of Agriculture , 1952 , which is devoted entirely to insects , George E. Bohart mentions a site in Utah which was estimated to contain 200,000 nesting females . +Often the burrows are only an inch or two apart , and the bee cities cover several acres . +The life history of the alkali bee is similar to that of Andrena , but the first activity of the adults does not take place until summer , and the individuals hibernate in the prepupal stage . +In most places , there are two generations a year , a second brood of adults appearing late in the summer . +

+

I must plead guilty to a special sympathy for nomias . +This may just be pride in my adopted State of Washington , but certainly I love to visit their mound cities near Yakima and Prosser in July or August , when the bees are in their most active period . +The name `` alkali bee '' indicates that one has to look for them in rather inhospitable places . +Sometimes , although by no means always , these are indeed alkaline . +The thing is that these bees love a fine-grained soil that is moist ; ; +yet the water in the ground should not be stagnant either . +They dislike dense vegetation . +Where does one find such conditions ? ? +The best chance , of course , is offered by gently sloping terrain where the water remains close to the surface and where the air is dry , so that a high evaporation leaves salty deposits which permit only sparse plant growth . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j11.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j11.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb94b722b24aa2ea070e8455441f600a63628434 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j11.xml @@ -0,0 +1,131 @@ +Sample J11 from Clifford H. Pope, The Giant Snakes. + New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1961. Pp. 150-155. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,015 words 21 (1.0%) quotesJ11

Used by permission. 0010-1790

 Clifford H. Pope, The Giant Snakes. + New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1961. Pp. 150-155. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Many other ( probably nearly all ) snakes at maturity are already more than half their final length . +Laurence M. Klauber put length at maturity at two thirds the ultimate length for some rattlesnakes , and Charles C. Carpenter's data on Michigan garter and ribbon snakes ( Thamnophis ) show that the smallest gravid females are more than half as long as the biggest adults . +Felix Kopstein states that `` when the snake reaches its maturity it has already reached about its maximal length '' , but goes on to cite the reticulate python as an exception , with maximum length approximately three times that at maturity . +It is hard to understand how he concluded that most snakes do not grow appreciably after attaining maturity ; ; +he was working with species of Java , so perhaps some tropical snakes are unusual in this respect . +Certain individual giants recorded later did fail to show a reasonable difference after maturity , but it is impossible to know whether this is due to captive conditions . +Additional records of slow growth have been omitted . +

+

It is possible to make a few generalizations about the six giants themselves . +There seems to be a rough correlation between the initial and ultimate lengths , starting with the smallest ( boa constrictor ) and ending with the largest ( anaconda ) . +Data on the former are scanty , but there can be little doubt that the latter is sometimes born at a length greater than that of any of the others , thereby lending support to the belief that the anaconda does , indeed , attain the greatest length . +For four of the six ( the anaconda and the amethystine python cannot be included for lack of data ) there is also a correlation between size at maturity and maximum length , the boa constrictor being the smallest and the Indian python the next in size at the former stage . +

+

Let us speculate a little on the maximum size of the anaconda . +If , in a certain part of the range , it starts life 1 foot longer than do any of the other ( relatively large ) giants , and reaches maturity at , let us guess , 18 inches longer than the others , a quadrupling of the maturity length would result in a maximum of ( nearly ) 40 feet . +

+

When it comes to rate of early growth , the Indian python leads with a figure of about 3 feet 6 inches per year for the first two years , more or less . +The African rock python , a close second , is followed in turn by the reticulate python . +There are few data on the boa constrictor , those for the anaconda are unconvincing , and there is nothing at all on the amethystine python . +It seems likely that the Indian python comes out ahead because records of its growth have been made more carefully and frequently ; ; +it responds exceptionally well to captivity and does not reach proportions that make it hard to keep . +

+

I cannot make sense out of the figures for post maturity growth ; ; +at best the annual increase appears to be a matter of inches rather than feet . +Until better records have been kept over longer periods of time and much more is known about the maximum dimensions , it will be wise to refrain from drawing conclusions . +

+

It is often stated that the largest snakes require five years to attain maturity , but this apparently is an overestimation . +The best way to determine the correct figure ( in captives ) is by direct observation of pairs isolated from birth , a method that produced surprising results : maturing of a male Indian python in less than two years , his mate in less than three ; ; +data on the boa constrictor about match this . +

+

Another approach is to estimate from the rate of growth and the smallest size at maturity . +Results from this approach amply confirm the direct observations : about three years are required , there being a possible slight difference between males and females in the time required . +Only the amethystine python and the anaconda must be excluded for lack or paucity of data . +

+

The following information on snakes varying greatly in size ( but all with less than a 10-foot maximum ) shows , when considered with the foregoing , that there is probably no correlation between the length of a snake and the time required for it to mature . +Oliver , in his summary of the habits of the snakes of the United States , could supply data on the maturing period for only three species in addition to the rattlers , which I shall consider separately . +These three were much alike : lined snake ( Tropidoclonion ) , one year and nine months ; ; +red-bellied snake ( Storeria ) , two years ; ; +cottonmouth ( Ancistrodon ) , two years . +Klauber investigated the rattlesnakes carefully himself and also summarized what others have found . +He concluded that in the southern species , which are rapidly growing types , females mate at the age of two and a half and bear the first young when they are three . +Other herpetologists have ascertained that in the northern United States the prairie rattlesnake may not give first birth until it is four or even five years old , and that the young may be born every other year , rather than annually . +Carpenter's study showed that female common garter and ribbon snakes of Michigan mature at about the age of two . +

+

Maximum length +Oversized monsters are never brought home either alive or preserved , and field measurements are obviously open to doubt because of the universal tendency to exaggerate dimensions . +Measurements of skins are of little value ; ; +every snake hide is noticeably longer than its carcass and intentional stretching presents no difficulty to the unscrupulous explorer . +

+

In spite of all the pitfalls , there is a certain amount of agreement on some of the giants . +The anaconda proves to be the fly in the ointment , but the reason for this is not clear ; ; +the relatively wild conditions still found in tropical South America might be responsible . +

+

There are three levels on which to treat the subject . +The first is the strictly scientific , which demands concrete proof and therefore may err on the conservative side by waiting for evidence in the flesh . +This approach rejects virtually all field measurements . +The next level attempts to weigh varied evidence and come to a balanced , sensible conclusion ; ; +field measurements by experienced explorers are not rejected , and even reports of a less scientific nature are duly evaluated . +The third level leans on a belief that a lot of smoke means some fire . +The argument against this last approach is comparable to that which rejects stories about hoop snakes , about snakes that break themselves into many pieces and join up again , or even of ghosts that chase people out of graveyards ; ; +the mere piling up of testimony does not prove , to the scientific mind , the existence of hoop snakes , joint snakes , or ghosts . +

+

Oliver has recently used the second-level approach with the largest snakes , and has come to these conclusions : the anaconda reaches a length of at least 37 feet , the reticulate python 33 , the African rock python 25 , the amethystine python at least 22 , the Indian python 20 , and the boa constrictor 18-1/2 . +

+

Bernard Heuvelmans also treats of the largest snakes , but on the third level , and is chiefly concerned with the anaconda . +He reasons that as anacondas 30 feet long are often found , some might be 38 , and occasional `` monstrous freaks '' over 50 . +He rejects dimensions of 70 feet and more . +His thirteenth chapter includes many exciting accounts of huge serpents with prodigious strength , but these seem to be given to complete his picture , not to be believed . +

+

Detailed information on record lengths of the giants is given in the section that follows . +

+

Growth of the six giants +Discussions of the giants one by one will include , as far as possible , data on these aspects of growth : size at which life is started and at which sexual maturity is reached ; ; +time required to reach maturity ; ; +rate of growth both before and after this crucial stage ; ; +and maximum length , with confirmation or amplification of Oliver's figures . +Definite information on the growth of senile individuals is lacking . +Anaconda : +At birth , this species varies considerably in size . +A brood of twenty-eight born at Brookfield Zoo , near Chicago , ranged in length from 22 to 33-1/2 inches and averaged 29 inches . +Lawrence E. Griffin gives measurements of nineteen young anacondas , presumably members of a brood , from `` South America '' ; ; +the extreme measurements of these fall between the lower limit of the Brookfield brood and its average . +Raymond L. Ditmars had two broods that averaged 27 inches . +R. R. Mole and F. W. Urich give approximately 20 inches as the average length of a brood of thirty from the region of the Orinoco estuaries . +William Beebe reports 26 inches and 2.4 ounces ( this snake must have been emaciated ) for the length and the weight of a young anaconda from British Guiana . +In contrast , Ditmars recorded the average length of seventy-two young of a 19-foot female as 38 inches , and four young were born in London at a length of 35 or 36 inches and a weight of from 14 to 16 ounces . +Beebe had a 3-foot anaconda that weighed only 9.8 ounces . +A difference between subspecies might explain the great range in size . +

+

I have little information on the anaconda's rate of growth . +Hans Schweizer had one that increased from 19-1/2 inches to 5 feet 3 inches in five years , and J. J. Quelch records a growth of from less than 4 feet to nearly 10 in about six years . +It is very unlikely that either of these anacondas was growing at a normal rate . +

+

In 1948 , Afranio Do Amaral , the noted Brazilian herpetologist , wrote a technical paper on the giant snakes . +He concluded that the anaconda's maximum length is 12 or 13 ( perhaps 14 ) meters , which would approximate from 39 to 42 feet ( 14 meters is slightly less than 46 feet ) . +Thus , his estimate lies between Oliver's suggestion of at least 37 feet and the 50-foot `` monstrous freaks '' intimated by Heuvelmans . +

+

The most convincing recent measurement of an anaconda was made in eastern Colombia by Roberto Lamon , a petroleum geologist of the Richmond Oil Company , and reported in 1944 by Emmett R. Dunn . +However , as a field measurement , it is open to question . +Oliver's 37-1/2 feet is partly based on this report and can be accepted as probable . +However , many herpetologists remain skeptical and would prefer a tentative maximum of about 30 feet . +

+

It is possible that especially large anacondas will prove to belong to subspecies limited to a small area . +In snakes difference in size is a common characteristic of subspecies . +Boa constrictor : +A Colombian female's brood of sixteen boa constrictors born in the Staten Island Zoo averaged 20 inches . +This birth length seems to be typical . +When some thirteen records of newly and recently born individuals are collated , little or no correlation between length and distribution can be detected . +The range is from 14 to 25 inches ; ; +the former figure is based on a somewhat unusual birth of four by a Central American female ( see chapter on Laying , Brooding , Hatching , and Birth ) , the latter on a `` normal '' newly born individual . +However , as so many of the records are not certainly based on newborn snakes , these data must be taken tentatively ; ; +final conclusions will have to await the measurements of broods from definite localities . +

+

Alphonse R. Hoge's measurements of several very young specimens from Brazil suggest that at birth the female is slightly larger than the male . +

+

I have surprisingly little information on the size and age at maturity . +Carl Kauffeld has written to me of sexual activity in February 1943 of young born in March 1940 . +One female , collected on an island off the coast of Nicaragua , was gravid and measured 4 feet 8 inches from snout to vent ( her tail should be between 6 and 7 inches long ) . +The female from Central America which gave birth to four was only 3 feet 11 inches long . +

+

What data there are on growth indicate considerable variation in rate ; ; +unfortunately , no one has kept complete records of one individual , whereas many have been made for a very short period of time . +The results are too varied to allow generalization . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j13.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j13.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a322bda4ed6122a341e87f55d0659ddd9359fca6 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j13.xml @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +Sample J13 from S. Idell Pyle, et al., Onsets, Completions, and Spans of the Osseous + Stage of Development in Representative Bone Growth Centers of the + Extremities. Longitudinal Studies of Child Health and Development, + Harvard School of Public Health, Series II, No. 12. Monograph of the + Society for Research in Child Development, 26: 1. Serial No. 79, 1961. + Pp. 20-21, 24-25. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,022 words 41 (2.0%) quotesJ13

Used by permission of the Society for Research in Child Development

 S. Idell Pyle, et al., Onsets, Completions, and Spans of the Osseous + Stage of Development in Representative Bone Growth Centers of the + Extremities. Longitudinal Studies of Child Health and Development, + Harvard School of Public Health, Series II, No. 12. Monograph of the + Society for Research in Child Development, 26: 1. Serial No. 79, 1961. + Pp. 20-21, 24-25. +

Typographical Error: , missing [1590]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Some of the features of the top portions of Figure 1 and Figure 2 were mentioned in discussing Table 1 . +First , the Onset Profile spreads across approximately 12 years for boys and 10 years for girls . +In contrast , 20 of the 21 lines in the Completion Profile ( excluding center 5 for boys and 4 for girls ) are bunched and extend over a much shorter period , approximately 30 months for boys and 40 months for girls . +The Maturity Chart for each sex demonstrates clearly that Onset is a phenomenon of infancy and early childhood whereas Completion is a phenomenon of the later portion of adolescence . +Second , for both sexes , the 21 transverse lines in the Onset Profile vary more in individual spread than those in the Completion Profile . +Although the standard deviation values on which spread of the lines is based are relatively larger for those centers which begin to ossify early ( Table 1 ) , there are considerable differences in this value between centers having the closely timed Onsets . +Third , the process of calcification is seen to begin later and to continue much longer for these boys than for the girls , a fact which confirms data for other groups of children . +

+

The Onset Profile and Completion Profile are constructed to serve as norms for children . +It is convenient to classify a child's onset ages and completion ages as `` advanced '' , `` moderate '' ( modal ) , or `` delayed '' according to whether the child's age equivalent `` dots '' appeared to the left of , upon , or to the right of the appropriate short transverse line . +When a dot appears close to the end of the transverse line , the `` moderate '' rating may be further classified according to the position of the dot with respect to the vertical marking denoting the mean age . +Such classifications may be called `` somewhat advanced '' or `` somewhat delayed '' , as the case may be , reserving `` moderate '' for dots upon or close to the mean . +

+

In the lower portion of each Chart , the Skeletal Age ( Hand ) of boy 34 and girl 2 may be similarly classified . +There the middle one of the three curves denotes `` mean Skeletal Age '' for the Maturity Series boys and girls . +The upper curve denotes the mean plus one standard deviation , and the lower curve represents the mean minus one standard deviation . +Thus , a child's Skeletal Age `` dots '' may be classified as `` advanced '' when they appear above the middle curve , `` moderate '' when they appear immediately above or below the middle curve , and `` delayed '' when they appear below the lower curve . +

+

To summarize the purpose of the Skeletal Maturity Chart : each contains two kinds of skeletal maturity norms which show two quite different methods of depicting developmental level of growth centers . +First , the upper portion requires series of films for every child , consisting of those from Hand , Elbow , Shoulder , Knee , and Foot . +The lower portion necessitates only films of Hand . +Second , the upper portion permits comparison of maturity levels of an equal number of growth centers from the long , short , and round bones of the five regions . +The lower portion permits comparison of maturity levels of short and round bones predominantly , since only two long bones are included in Hand and Wrist as a region . +Third , the upper portion deals with only two indicators of developmental level , Onset and Completion . +The lower portion utilizes the full complement of intermediate maturity indicators of each Hand center as well as their Onset and Completion . +Fourth , the two indicators are for the most part widely separated chronologically , with the extensive age gap occurring during childhood for all but one growth center . +The lower portion provides a rating at any stage between infancy and adulthood . +

+

Onsets , Completions , and Skeletal Ages ( Hand ) of boy 34 and girl 2 may be directly compared and classified , using only those Skeletal Ages which appear immediately below the Onset Profile and the Completion Profile . +It may be assumed that differences in ratings due to selection of growth centers from specific regions of the body will be small , according to existing tables of onset age and completion age for centers throughout the body . +Accordingly , maturity level ratings by means of the upper portion and lower portion of the Chart , respectively , should be somewhat similar since Skeletal Age assessments are dependent upon Onsets during infancy and upon Completions during adolescence . +It is clear that there are some differences in the ratings , but there is substantial agreement . +Since a Skeletal Age rating can be made at any age during growth , from Elbow , Shoulder , Knee , or Foot as well as Hand , it seems to be the method of choice when one wishes to study most aspects of skeletal developmental progress during childhood . +As stated earlier in the paper , Onsets and Completions -- particularly the former -- provide a different tool or indicator of expectancy in osseous development , each within a limited age period . +Such an indicator , or indicators , are needed as means of recognizing specific periods of delay in skeletal developmental progress . +

+

It was stated earlier that one purpose of this study was to extend the analysis of variability of Onset and Completion in each of the 21 growth centers somewhat beyond that provided by the data in Tables 1 and 2 . +As one approach to doing this , Figures 3 and 4 have be constructed from the mean ages and the individual onset and completion ages for boy 34 and girl 2 . +The differences between onset age and completion age with respect to the corresponding mean age have been brought into juxtaposition by means of a series of arrows . +The data for boy 34 appear in Figure 3 , and for girl 2 in Figure 4 . +The numbering system used in Tables 1 and 2 and Figures 1 and 2 was continued for the 21 growth centers . +

+

The `` dot '' on one end of each arrow indicates extent of difference in months between the child's onset age and the corresponding mean age for the growth center . +The `` tip '' of the arrow represents extent of difference between the child's completion age and the corresponding mean age for the growth center . +Thus , the alignment of the `` dots '' and `` tips '' , respectively , indicate individual variability of the 21 growth centers of each child with respect to the mean values for these boys and girls . +The direction in which the arrow points shows how the maturity level of the growth center was changed at Completion from the level at Onset . +When the `` dot '' and `` tip '' coincide , the classification used in this paper is `` Same schedule '' . +The length of the arrow indicates amount of slowing or acceleration at Completion over that at Onset , and the difference in months can be read roughly by referring the arrow to the age scale along the base of each figure , or more precisely by referring to the original data in the appropriate tables . +

+

The difference between the sequence of Onset of ossification for the sexes governs the numbering sequence in Figures 3 and 4 . +This difference is readily clarified by referring to Table 1 . +For example , arrow 17 in Figure 3 portrays the proximal radial epiphysis for boy 34 , whereas the same epiphysis for girl 2 is portrayed by arrow 18 in Figure 4 . +For the boy , this epiphysis was markedly delayed at Onset but near the mean at Completion . +Thus , the Span of its ossification was shortened and the center's ability to `` catch up '' in ossification is demonstrated . +In contrast , for the girl the epiphysis was slightly advanced at Onset and delayed at Completion . +Obviously , the slowing for her may have occurred at any point between Onset and Completion . +The Skeletal Age curve in the lower portion of Figure 2 shows that slowing may have occurred for her during the prepubescent period . +Length of the shaft of these arrows may be evaluated according to the standard deviation values for each center in Table 1 . +

+

We have attempted to simplify the extensive task of analyzing onset ages and completion ages of each child -- more than 1700 values for the entire group -- by constructing figures for each of the 21 centers so that the data for all 34 boys and 34 of the girls will appear together for each growth center . +Figures 5 and 6 are examples of our method of analyzing the results for each growth center . +Forty other figures similar to 5 and 6 and the original data used in the construction of all figures and tables in this monograph have been included in the Appendix . +

+

The principles used in making each arrow for Figures 3 and 4 were applied to the construction of Figures 5 and 6 as well as all figures in the Appendix . +One growth center in a short bone -- distal phalanx of the second finger -- was chosen as an example for discussion here , primarily because epiphyseal-diaphyseal fusion , the maturity indicator for Completion in long and short bones , occurs in this center for girls near the menarche and for boys near their comparable pubescent stage . +Its Completion thus becomes one of the convenient maturity indicators to include in studies of growth , dietary patterns , and health during adolescence . +

+

The following summary , based on Figures 5 and 6 , is an example of one way of interpreting the 42 figures constructed from onset ages and completion ages of individual children with respect to the appropriate mean age for each growth center . +At the top of Figure 5 , for example , the Onset range and Completion range lines for the chosen growth center have been drawn for girls according to their mean and standard deviation values in Table 1 . +The 34 arrows , denoting onset age plus completion age deviations , have been arrayed in an Onset sequence which begins with girl 18 who had the earliest Onset of the 34 girls . +The growth center depicted here , in the distal phalanx of the second finger , is listed as the fifth of those in the seven short bones . +The mean onset age was 25.3 months ( Table 1 ) , and the average Span of the osseous stage was 133 months . +The correlation ( Table 2 ) between onset age and completion age was -.50 , and that between onset age and Span was -.10 . +With due consideration for the limits of precision in assessing , expected rate of change in ossification of girls age 2 years , and the known variations in rate of ossification of these children as described in our preceding paper in the Supplement , each arrow with a `` shaft length '' of four months or less was selected as indicating `` same schedule '' at Onset and Completion , for this particular epiphysis . +Accordingly , girls 31 , 29 , 33 , 21 , 26 , 13 , 3 , 4 , 14 , 32 , 24 , 25 , 34 , 23 , 6 , 15 , 22 , and 16 may be said to have the `` same schedule '' at Onset and Completion . +

+

It seems clear , from the counter-balanced shape of the series of arrows in Figure 5 that there was about an equal number of early and late Onsets and Completions for the 34 girls . +Accordingly , if epiphyseal-diaphyseal fusion occurs in this phalanx near menarche , early and late menarches might have been forecast rather precisely at the time of Onset of ossification for the 18 girls with `` same schedule '' . +As an example of the interpretation of an arrow in the figure which exceeds four months in shaft length in conjunction with its position in the figure : girl 2 had a delayed Onset and further delayed Completion . +It is of interest that her menarche was somewhat later than the average for the girls in this group . +

+

A similar analysis of Figure 6 for the 34 boys would necessitate quite a different conclusion about the predictive value of onset age in forecasting their attainment of the pubescent stage . +Boys 32 , 23 , 31 , 17 , 30 , 19 , and 24 had `` same schedule '' at Onset and Completion ; ; +thus early forecasting of the pubescent stage would appear possible for only seven boys . +Boy 34 , like girl 2 , did not have `` same schedule '' ; ; +his arrow crosses the line denoting the mean . +The `` dot '' on his arrow indicates early Onset and the `` tip '' indicates relatively later Completion . +

+

After the 42 figures had been drawn like Figures 5 and 6 , classifications of the onset ages and completion ages were summarized from them . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j15.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j15.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69f0653e15a10370b94a261af041ff238df39055 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j15.xml @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +Sample J15 from J. W. C. Hagstrom et al., "Debilitating muscular weakness and + steroid therapy," Archives of Neurology, 5 (1961), 60-65. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,013 words 13 (0.6%) quotes 2 symbols 1 formulaJ15

Used by permission of American Medical Association.

 J. W. C. Hagstrom et al., "Debilitating muscular weakness and + steroid therapy," Archives of Neurology, 5 (1961), 60-65. +

Typographical Error: 1949 [for 1959] [0640] 0010-1950

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Introduction +Muscle weakness is now recognized as an uncommon though serious complication of steroid therapy , with most of the synthetic adrenal corticosteroids in clinical use . +Although biopsies have shown structural changes in some of the reported cases of steroid-induced weakness , this case provides the only example known to us in which necropsy afforded the opportunity for extensive study of multiple muscle groups . +The case described in this paper is that of an older man who developed disabling muscular weakness while receiving a variety of steroids for a refractory anemia . +

+

Report of case +This patient was a 65-year-old white male accountant who entered the New York Hospital for his fourth and terminal admission on June 26 , 1959 , because of disabling weakness and general debility . +

+

In 1953 the patient developed an unexplained anemia for which 15 blood transfusions were given over a period of 4 years . +Splenomegaly was first noted in 1956 , and a sternal marrow biopsy at that time showed `` scattered foci of fibrosis '' suggestive of myelofibrosis . +No additional transfusions were necessary after the institution of prednisone in July , 1957 , in an initial dose of 40 mg. daily with gradual tapering to 10 mg. daily . +This medication was continued until February , 1958 . +

+

In February , 1958 , the patient suffered a myocardial infarction complicated by pulmonary edema . +Additional findings at this time included cardiomegaly , peripheral arteriosclerosis obliterans , and cholelithiasis . +The hemoglobin was 11.6 gm. . +Therapy included digitalization and anticoagulation . +Later , chlorothiazide and salt restriction became necessary to control the edema of chronic congestive failure . +

+

Because of increasing anemia , triamcinolone , 8 mg. daily , was started on Feb. 23 , 1958 , and was continued until July , 1958 . +In September , 1958 , the patient developed generalized weakness and fatigue which was concurrent with exacerbation of his anemia ; ; +the hemoglobin was 10.6 gm. . +In an attempt to reverse the downhill trend by stimulating the bone marrow and controlling any hemolytic component , triamcinolone , 16 mg. daily , was begun on Sept. 26 , 1958 , and continued until Feb. 18 , 1959 . +At first the patient felt stronger , and the hemoglobin rose to 13.8 gm. , but on Oct. 20 , 1958 , he complained of `` caving in '' in his knees . +By Nov. 8 , 1958 , weakness , specifically involving the pelvic and thigh musculature , was pronounced , and a common complaint was `` difficulty in stepping up on to curbs '' . +Prednisone , 30 mg. daily , was substituted for triamcinolone from Nov. 22 until Dec. 1 , 1958 , without any improvement in the weakness . +Serum potassium at this time was 3.8 mEq. per liter , and the hemoglobin was 13.9 gm. By Dec. 1 , 1958 , the weakness in the pelvic and quadriceps muscle groups was appreciably worse , and it became difficult for the patient to rise unaided from a sitting or reclining position . +Triamcinolone , 16 mg. daily , was resumed and maintained until Feb. 18 , 1959 . +Chlorothiazide was omitted for a 2-week period , but there was no change in the muscle weakness . +

+

At this time a detailed neuromuscular examination revealed diffuse muscle atrophy that was moderate in the hands and feet , but marked in the shoulders , hips , and pelvic girdle , with hypoactive deep-tendon reflexes . +No fasciculations or sensory defects were found . +Electromyography revealed no evidence of lower motor neuron disease . +Thyroid function tests yielded normal results . +The protein-bound iodine was 6.6 mg. , and the radioactive iodine uptake over the thyroid gland was 46% in 24 hours , with a conversion ratio of 12% . +A Schilling test demonstrated normal absorption of vitamin Af . +In February , 1959 , during the second admission to The New York Hospital , a biopsy specimen of the left gastrocnemius showed striking increase in the sarcolemmal sheath nuclei and shrunken muscle fibers in several sections . +Serial serum potassium levels remained normal ; ; +the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase was 10 units per ml. per min. . +The clinical impression at this time was either muscular dystrophy or polymyositis . +

+

On Feb. 12 , 1959 , purified corticotropin ( ACTH Gel ) , 20 units daily intramuscularly , was started but had to be discontinued 3 weeks later because of excessive fluid retention . +From March 3 to May 1 , 1949 , the patient was maintained on dexamethasone , 3 to 6 mg. daily . +In May 1959 , prednisone , 30 mg. daily , replaced the dexamethasone . +Muscle weakness did not improve , and the patient needed first a cane , then crutches . +In spite of normal thyroid function tests , a trial of propylthiouracil , 400 mg. daily for one week , was given but served only to intensify muscle weakness . +Repeated attempts to withdraw steroids entirely were unsuccessful because increased muscle weakness resulted , as well as fever , malaise , anorexia , anxiety , and an exacerbation of the anemia . +These reactions were interpreted as being manifestations of hypoadrenocorticism . +

+

Severe back pain in June , 1959 , prompted a third hospital admission . +Extensive osteoporosis with partial collapse of D8 was found . +A high-protein diet , calcium lactate supplements , and norethandrolone failed to change the skeletal complaint or the severe muscle weakness . +

+

The terminal hospital admission on June 27 , 1959 , was necessitated by continued weakness and debility complicated by urinary retention and painful thrombosed hemorrhoids . +X-ray films of the vertebral column showed progression of the demineralization . +On July 4 , 1959 , the patient developed marked abdominal pain and distension , went into shock , and died . +

+

Findings at necropsy +The body was that of a well-developed , somewhat debilitated white man weighing 108 lb. . +There were bilateral pterygia and arcus senilis , and the mouth was edentulous . +

+

The heart weighed 510 gm. , and at the outflow tracts the left and right ventricles measured 19 and 3 mm. , respectively . +The coronary arteries were sclerotic and diffusely narrowed throughout their courses , and the right coronary artery was virtually occluded by a yellow atheromatous plaque 1.5 cm. distal to its origin . +The myocardium of the posterior base of the left ventricle was replaced by gray scar tissue over a 7.5 cm. area . +The valves were normal except for thin yellow plaques on the inferior surface of the mitral leaflets . +Microscopically , sections from the posterior base of the left ventricle of the heart showed several large areas of replacement of muscle by fibrous tissue . +In addition , other sections contained focal areas of recent myocardial necrosis that were infiltrated with neutrophils . +Many of the myocardial fibers were hypertrophied and had large , irregular , basophilic nuclei . +The intima of the larger coronary arteries was thickened by fibrous tissue containing fusiform clefts and mononuclear cells . +

+

The intimal surface of the aorta was covered with confluent , yellow-brown , hard , friable plaques along its entire course , and there was a marked narrowing of the orifices of the large major visceral arteries . +In particular , the orifices of the right renal and celiac arteries were virtually occluded , and both calcified common iliac arteries were completely occluded . +

+

The lungs weighed together 950 gm. . +On the surfaces of both lungs there were emphysematous blebs measuring up to 3 cm. in diameter . +The parenchyma was slightly hyperemic in the apex of the left lung , and there were several firm , gray , fibrocalcific nodules measuring as large as 3 mm. . +Microscopically , there was emphysema , fibrosis , and vascular congestion . +Macrophages laden with brown pigment were seen in some of the alveoli , and the intima of some of the small arteries was thickened by fibrous tissue . +

+

The firm red spleen weighed 410 gm. , and its surface was mottled by discrete , small patches of white material . +The endothelial cells lining the sinusoids were prominent , and many contained large quantities of hemosiderin . +Some of the sinusoids contained large numbers of nucleated red cells , and cells of the granulocytic series were found in small numbers . +There were slight fibrosis and marked arteriolosclerosis . +

+

The liver weighed 2,090 gm. , was brown in color , and the cut surface was mottled by irregular pale areas . +Microscopically , there was hyperemia of the central veins , and there was some atrophy of adjacent parenchyma . +Some liver cord cells contained vacuolated cytoplasm , while others had small amounts of brown hemosiderin pigment . +

+

The gallbladder contained about 40 cc. of green-brown bile and 3 smooth , dark-green calculi measuring up to 1 cm. in diameter . +

+

The mucosa of the stomach was atrophic and irregularly blackened over a 14 cm. area . +The small and large intestines were filled with gas , and the jejunum was dilated to about 2 times its normal circumference . +The small intestine and colon contained approximately 300 cc. of foul-smelling , sanguineous material , and the mucosa throughout was hyperemic and mottled green-brown . +A careful search failed to show occlusion of any of the mesenteric vessels . +Microscopically , the mucosa of the stomach showed extensive cytolysis and contained large numbers of Gram-negative bacterial rods . +The submucosa was focally infiltrated with neutrophils . +The mucosa of the jejunum and ileum showed similar changes , and in some areas the submucosa was edematous and contained considerable numbers of neutrophils . +Some of the small vessels were filled with fibrin thrombi , and there was extensive interstitial hemorrhage . +A section of the colon revealed intense hyperemia and extensive focal ulcerations of the mucosa , associated with much fibrin and many neutrophils . +Cultures taken from the jejunum yielded Monilia albicans , Pseudomonas pyocanea , Aerobacter aerogenes , and Streptococcus anhemolyticus . +

+

The kidneys were pale and weighed right , 110 gm. , and left , 230 gm. . +The surfaces were coarsely and finely granular and punctuated by clear , fluid-filled cysts measuring up to 3 cm. in diameter . +On the surface of the right kidney there were also 2 yellow , firm , friable raised areas measuring up to 2 cm. in diameter . +Microscopically , both kidneys showed many small cortical scars in which there was glomerular and interstitial fibrosis , tubular atrophy , and an infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells . +Occasional tubules contained hyaline casts admixed with neutrophils . +Throughout , there were marked arteriolosclerosis and hyalinization of afferent glomerular arterioles . +These changes were more marked in the atrophic right kidney than in the left . +In addition , there were 2 small papillary adenomas in the right kidney . +

+

The bone of the vertebral bodies , ribs , and sternum was soft and was easily compressed . +The marrow of the vertebral bodies was pale and showed areas of fatty replacement . +Microscopically , there were many areas of hypercellularity alternating with areas of hypocellularity . +The cells of the erythroid , myeloid , and megakaryocytic series were normal except for their numbers . +There was no evidence of fibrosis . +The muscles of the extremities , chest wall , neck , and abdominal wall were soft , pale , and atrophic . +

+

Microscopic studies of the gastrocnemius , pectoralis major , transversus abdominis , biceps brachii , and diaphragm showed atrophy as well as varying degrees of injury ranging from swelling and vacuolization to focal necrosis of the muscle fibers . +These changes were most marked in the gastrocnemius and biceps and less evident in the pectoralis , diaphragm , and transversus . +

+

In the gastrocnemius and biceps there were many swollen and homogeneous necrotic fibers such as that shown in Figure 2 . +Such swollen fibers were deeply eosinophilic , contained a few pyknotic nuclei , and showed loss of cross-striations , obliteration of myofibrils , and prominent vacuolization . +The necrosis often involved only a portion of the length of a given fiber , and usually the immediately adjacent fibers were normal . +As shown in Figure 3 , the protoplasm of other fibers was pale , granular , or flocculated and invaded by phagocytes . +Inflammatory cells were strikingly absent . +In association with these changes in the fibers , there were striking alterations in the muscle nuclei . +These were increased both in number and in size , contained prominent nucleoli , and were distributed throughout the fiber ( Figs. 2 - 5 ) . +In contrast to the nuclear changes described above , another change in muscle nuclei was seen , usually occurring in fibers that were somewhat smaller than normal but that showed distinct cross-striations and myofibrillae . +The nuclei of these fibers , as is shown in Figures 3 and 4 , showed remarkable proliferation and were closely approximated , forming a chainlike structure at either the center or the periphery of the fiber . +Individual nuclei were usually oval to round , though occasionally elongated , and frequently small and somewhat pyknotic . +At times , clumps of 10 to 15 closely-packed nuclei were also observed . +Occasionally there were small basophilic fibers that were devoid of myofibrillae and contained many vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli ( Fig. 5 ) . +These were thought to represent regenerating fibers . +Trichrome stains failed to show fibrosis in the involved muscles . +In all of the sections examined , the arterioles and small arteries were essentially normal . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j23.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j23.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b40a624f019cd5386eaa7cc45d9a0292f000fb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j23.xml @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +Sample J23 from Joyce O. Hertzler, American Social Institutions; a Sociological + Analysis. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1961. Pp. 478-482. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,022 words 73 (3.6%) quotesJ23

Used by permission. 0010-2090

 Joyce O. Hertzler, American Social Institutions; a Sociological + Analysis. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1961. Pp. 478-482. +

Typographical Error: humilation [0770]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

2 : : +Some of the major functions of religion +The place of religion in the simple , preliterate societies is quite definite ; ; +as a complex it fits into the whole social organization and functions dominantly in every part of it . +In societies like ours , however , its place is less clear and more complex . +With the diversity of religious viewpoints , there are differences of opinion as to the essential features of religion ; ; +and there are different opinions as to the essential functions of religion . +Nevertheless , for most of the population of heterogeneous advanced societies , though less for the less religious portion , religion does perform certain modal individual and social functions . +

+

Although the inner functions of religion are not of direct significance in social organization , they have important indirect consequences . +If the inner functions of religion are performed , the individual is a composed , ordered , motivated , and emotionally secure associate ; ; +he is not greatly frustrated , and he is not anomic ; ; +he is better fitted to perform his social life among his fellows . +There are several closely related inner functions . +

+

In the last analysis , religion is the means of inducing , formulating , expressing , enhancing , implementing , and perpetuating man's deepest experience -- the religious . +Man is first religious ; ; +the instrumentalities follow . +Religion seeks to satisfy human needs of great pertinence . +The significant things in it , at the higher religious levels , are the inner emotional , mental , and spiritual occurrences that fill the pressing human needs of self-preservation , self-pacification , and self-completion . +The chief experience is the sensing of communion , and in the higher religions , of a harmonious relationship with the supernatural power . +Related to this is the fact that most of the higher religions define for the individual his place in the universe and give him a feeling that he is relatively secure in an ordered , dependable universe . +Man has the experience of being helpfully allied with what he cannot fully understand ; ; +he is a coordinate part of all of the mysterious energy and being and movement . +The universe is a safe and permanent home . +

+

A number of religions also satisfy for many the need of being linked with the ultimate and eternal . +Death is not permanent defeat and disappearance ; ; +man has a second chance . +He is not lost in the abyss of endless time ; ; +he has endless being . +Religion at its best also offers the experience of spiritual fulfillment by inviting man into the highest realm of the spirit . +Religion can summate , epitomize , relate , and conserve all the highest ideals and values -- ethical , aesthetic , and religious -- of man formed in his culture . +

+

There is also the possibility , among higher religions , of experiencing consistent meaning in life and enjoying guidance and expansiveness . +The kind of religious experience that most moderns seek not only provides , clarifies , and relates human yearnings , values , ideals , and purposes ; ; +it also provides facilities and incitements for the development of personality , sociality , and creativeness . +Under the religious impulse , whether theistic or humanistic , men have joy in living ; ; +life leads somewhere . +Religion at its best is out in front , ever beckoning and leading on , and , as Lippman put it , `` mobilizing all man's scattered energies in one triumphant sense of his own infinite importance '' . +

+

At the same time that religion binds the individual helpfully to the supernatural and gives him cosmic peace and a sense of supreme fulfillment , it also has great therapeutic value for him . +It gives him aid , comfort , even solace , in meeting mundane life situations where his own unassisted practical knowledge and skill are felt by him to be inadequate . +He is confronted with the recurrent crises , such as great natural catastrophes and the great transitions of life -- marriage , incurable disease , widowhood , old age , the certainty of death . +He has to cope with frustration and other emotional disturbance and anomie . +His religious beliefs provide him with plausible explanations for many conditions which cause him great concern , and his religious faith makes possible fortitude , equanimity , and consolation , enabling him to endure colossal misfortune , fear , frustration , uncertainty , suffering , evil , and danger . +Religion usually also includes a principle of compensation , mainly in a promised perfect future state . +

+

The belief in immortality , where held , functions as a redress for the ills and disappointments of the here and now . +The tensions accompanying a repressive consciousness of wrongdoing or sinning or some tormenting secret are relieved for the less self-contained or self-sufficient by confession , repentance , and penance . +The feeling of individual inferiority , defeat , or humilation growing out of various social situations or individual deficiencies or failures is compensated for by communion in worship or prayer with a friendly , but all-victorious Father-God , as well as by sympathetic fellowship with others who share this faith , and by opportunities in religious acts for giving vent to emotions and energies . +

+

In providing for these inner individual functions , religion undertakes in behalf of individual peace of mind and well-being services for which there is no other institution . +

+

In addition to the functions of religion within man , there have always been the outer social functions for the community and society . +The two have never been separable . +Religion is vitally necessary in both societal maintenance and regulation . +

+

The value-system of a community or society is always correlated with , and to a degree dependent upon , a more or less shared system of religious beliefs and convictions . +The religion supports , re-enforces , reaffirms , and maintains the fundamental values . +Even in the United States , with its freedom of religious belief and worship and its vast denominational differentiation , there is a general consensus regarding the basic Christian values . +This is demonstrated especially when there is awareness of radically different value orientation elsewhere ; ; +for example Americans rally to Christian values vis-a-vis those of atheistic communism . +In America also all of our major religious bodies officially sanction a universalistic ethic which is reflective of our common religion . +Even the non-church members -- the freewheelers , marginal religionists and so on -- have the values of Christian civilization internalized in them . +Furthermore , religion tends to integrate the whole range of values from the highest or ultimate values of God to the intermediary and subordinate values ; ; +for example , those regarding material objects and pragmatic ends . +Finally , it gives sanctity , more than human legitimacy , and even , through super-empirical reference , transcendent and supernatural importance to some values ; ; +for example , marriage as a sacrament , much law-breaking as sinful , occasionally the state as a divine instrument . +It places certain values at least beyond questioning and tampering . +

+

Closely related to this function is the fact that the religious system provides a body of ultimate ends for the society , which are compatible with the supreme eternal ends . +This something leads to a conception of an over-all Social Plan with a meaning interpretable in terms of ultimate ends ; ; +for example , a plan that fulfills the will of God , which advances the Kingdom of God , which involves social life as part of the Grand Design . +This explains some group ends and provides a justification of their primacy . +It gives social guidance and direction and makes for programs of social action . +Finally , it gives meaning to much social endeavor , and logic , consistency , and meaning to life . +In general , there is no society so secularized as to be completely without religiously inspired transcendental ends . +

+

Religion integrates and unifies . +Some of the oldest , most persistent , and most cohesive forms of social groupings have grown out of religion . +These groups have varied widely from mere families , primitive , totemic groups , and small modern cults and sects , to the memberships of great denominations , and great , widely dispersed world religions . +Religion fosters group life in various ways . +The common ultimate values , ends and goals fostered by religion are a most important factor . +Without a system of values there can be no society . +Where such a value system prevails , it always unifies all who possess it ; ; +it enables members of the society to operate as a system . +The beliefs of a religion also reflecting the values are expressed in creeds , dogmas , and doctrines , and form what Durkheim calls a credo . +As he points out , a religious group cannot exist without a collective credo , and the more extensive the credo , the more unified and strong is the group . +The credo unifies and socializes men by attaching them completely to an identical body of doctrine ; ; +the more extensive and firm the body of doctrine , the firmer the group . +

+

The religious symbolism , and especially the closely related rites and worship forms , constitute a powerful bond for the members of the particular faith . +The religion , in fact , is an expression of the unity of the group , small or large . +The common codes , for religious action as such and in their ethical aspects for everyday moral behavior , bind the devotees together . +These are ways of jointly participating in significantly symbolized , standardized , and ordered religiously sanctified behavior . +The codes are mechanism for training in , and directing and enforcing , uniform social interaction , and for continually and publicly reasserting the solidarity of the group . +

+

Durkheim noted long ago that religion as `` a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things unites into one single moral community all those who adhere to them '' . +His view is that every religion pertains to a community , and , conversely , every community is in one aspect a religious unit . +This is brought out in the common religious ethos that prevails even in the denominationally diverse audiences at many secular semi-public and public occasions in the United States ; ; +and it is evidenced in the prayers offered , in the frequent religious allusions , and in the confirmation of points on religious grounds . +

+

The unifying effect of religion is also brought out in the fact that historically peoples have clung together as more or less cohesive cultural units , with religion as the dominant bond , even though spatially dispersed and not politically organized . +The Jews for 2500 years have been a prime example , though the adherents of any world or interpeople religion are cases in point . +It might be pointed out that the integrating function of religion , for good or ill , has often supported or been identified with other groupings -- political , nationality , language , class , racial , sociability , even economic . +

+

Religion usually exercises a stabilizing-conserving function . +As such it acts as an anchor for the people . +There is a marked tendency for religions , once firmly established , to resist change , not only in their own doctrines and policies and practices , but also in secular affairs having religious relevance . +It has thus been a significant factor in the conservation of social values , though also in some measure , an obstacle to the creation or diffusion of new ones . +It tends to support the longstanding precious sentiments , the traditional ways of thinking , and the customary ways of living . +As Yinger has pointed out , the `` reliance on symbols , on tradition , on sacred writings , on the cultivation of emotional feelings of identity and harmony with sacred values , turns one to the past far more than to the future '' . +Historically , religion has also functioned as a tremendous engine of vindication , enforcement , sanction , and perpetuation of various other institutions . +

+

At the same time that religion exercises a conserving influence , it also energizes and motivates both individuals and groups . +Much of the important individual and social action has been owing to religious incentives . +The great ultimate ends of religion have served as magnificent beacon lights that lured people toward them with an almost irresistible force , mobilizing energies and inducing sacrifices ; ; +for example , the Crusades , mission efforts , just wars . +Much effort has been expended in the sincere effort to apply the teaching and admonitions of religion . +The insuperable reward systems that most religions embody have great motivating effects . +Religion provides the most attractive rewards , either in this world or the next , for those who not merely abide by its norms , but who engage in good works . +

+

Religion usually acts as a powerful aid in social control , enforcing what men should or should not do . +Among primitive peoples the sanctions and dictates of religion were more binding than any of the other controls exercised by the group ; ; +and in modern societies such influence is still great . +Religion has its own supernatural prescriptions that are at the same time codes of behavior for the here and now . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j24.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j24.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eaa0949843fbb5ff240c286deea299351d4bf00b --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j24.xml @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +Sample J24 from Howard J. Parad, "Preventive casework: problems and implications" + The Social Welfare Forum, 1961. New York and London: Columbia + University Press for the National Conference on Social Welfare, + Columbus, Ohio. Pp. 186-191. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,009 words 75 (3.7%) quotesJ24

Used by permission. 0010-2010

 Howard J. Parad, "Preventive casework: problems and implications" + The Social Welfare Forum, 1961. New York and London: Columbia + University Press for the National Conference on Social Welfare, + Columbus, Ohio. Pp. 186-191. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Overwhelmed with the care of five young children and concerned about persistent economic difficulties due to her husband's marginal income , her defense of denial was excessively strong . +Thus the lack of effective recognition of the responsibilities involved in caring for two babies showed signs of becoming a disabling problem . +The result , dramatically visible in a matter of days in the family's disrupted daily functioning , was a phobic-like fear that some terrible harm would befall the second twin , whose birth had not been anticipated . +Soon Mrs. B.'s fears threatened to burst into a full-blown panic concerning the welfare of the entire family . +Inability to care for the other children , difficulty in feeding the babies , who seemed colicky , bone-weary fatigue , repeated crying episodes , and short tempers reflected the family's helplessness in coping with the stressful situation . +Clearly , this was a family in crisis . +

+

Mrs. B. compared her feelings of weakness to her feelings of weakness and helplessness at the time of her mother's death when she was eight , as well as her subsequent anger at her father for remarrying . +Her previous traumatic experiences flashed through her mind as if they had happened yesterday . +On the anniversary of her father's death she poured out with agonized tears her feelings of guilt about not having attended his funeral . +In the family's own words ( during the third of twelve visits ) , they had `` reached the crisis peak -- either the situation will give or we will break '' ! ! +

+

Direct confrontation and acceptance of Mrs. B.'s anger against the second baby soon dissipated her fears of annihilation . +Abreaction of her anxiety and guilt concerning the death of her parents , when linked up with her current feelings of anger and her fears of loss , abandonment , and annihilation , produced further relief of tension . +In a joint interview Mr. and Mrs. B. were helped to understand the meaning of a younger son's wandering away from home in terms of his feelings of displacement in reaction to the arrival of the twins . +The father , accurately perceiving the child's needs , not only respected them as worthy of his attention , but immediately satisfied them by taking him on his lap along with the twins , saying , `` I have a big lap ; ; +there is room for you , too , Johnnie '' . +Simultaneously , a variety of environmental supports -- a calm but not too motherly homemaker , referral for temporary economic aid , intelligent use of nursing care , accompaniment to the well-baby clinic for medical advice on the twins' feeding problem -- combined to prevent further development of predictable pathological mechanisms . +Follow-up visits of the nurse and social worker indicated continued success in the care of the new babies as well as a marked improvement in the family's day-to-day mental health and social functioning . +

+

As seen in the B. family , there must be an attempt to help the client develop conscious awareness of the problem , especially in the absence of a formal request for assistance . +The lack of awareness usually springs from deep but disguised anxiety , often assuming the superficial guise of `` not knowing '' or `` not caring '' . +The unhealthy use of denial in the initial reaction to a stress must be handled through the medium of a positive controlled transference . +In general , the approach is more active than passive , more out-reaching than reflective . +While some regression is inevitable , it is discouraged rather than encouraged so that the transference does not follow the stages of planned regression associated with certain casework adaptations of the psychoanalytic model for insight therapy . +

+

To establish an emotionally meaningful relationship the worker must demonstrate actual or potential helpfulness immediately , preferably within the first interview , by meeting the client's specific needs . +These needs usually concern the reduction of guilt and some relief of tension . +The initial interview must be therapeutic rather than purely exploratory in an information-seeking sense . +In this relationship-building stage the worker must communicate confidence in the client's ability to deal with the problem . +In so doing he implicitly offers the positive contagion of hope as a kind of maturational dynamic to counteract feelings of helplessness and hopelessness generally associated with the first stages of stress impact . +Thus , the client receives enough ego support to engage in constructive efforts on his own behalf . +Here there is a specific preventive component which applies in a more generalized sense to any casework situation . +We are preventing or averting pathogenic phenomena such as undue regression , unhealthy suppression and repression , excessive use of denial , and crippling guilt turned against the self . +While some suppression and some denial are not only necessary but healthy , the worker's clinical knowledge must determine how these defenses are being used , what healthy shifts in defensive adaptation are indicated , and when efforts at bringing about change can be most effectively timed . +

+

In steering the family toward ego-adaptive and away from maladaptive responses , the worker uses time-honored focused casework techniques of specific emotional support , clarification , and anticipatory guidance . +Over a relatively short period of time , usually about four to twelve weeks , the worker must be able to shift the focus , back and forth , between immediate external stressful exigencies ( `` precipitating stress '' ) and the key , emotionally relevant issues ( `` underlying problem '' ) which are , often in a dramatic preconscious breakthrough , reactivated by the crisis situation , and hence once again amenable to resolution . +Though there is obviously nothing new about these techniques , they do challenge the worker's skill to articulate them precisely on the spot and on the basis of quick and accurate diagnostic assessments . +Then , too , the utmost clinical flexibility is necessary in judiciously combining carefully timed family-oriented home visits , single and group office interviews , and appropriate telephone follow-up calls , if the worker is to be genuinely accessible and if the predicted unhealthy outcome is to be actually averted in accordance with the principles of preventive intervention . +In addition , in many cases , a variety of concrete social resources -- homemaker , day care , medical and financial aid -- must be reasonably available for the reality support needed to bolster the family in its individual and collective coping and integrative efforts . +At certain critical stages , and only for sound diagnostic reasons , it may be important to accompany family members in their use of these resources if their problem-solving behavior is to be constructive rather than defeating . +While expensive in time and involving a great deal of adaptation on the part of the worker ( in terms of his willingness to leave the sanctity of his office and enter actively into the client's life ) , techniques of accompaniment were found to be of tremendous value when in the service of specific preventive objectives . +Finally , whatever the techniques used , a twin goal is common to all preventive casework service : to cushion or reduce the force of the stress impact while at the same time to encourage and support family members to mobilize and use their ego capacities . +

+

Having outlined an approach to the theory and practice of preventive casework , we now address ourselves to our final question : What place should brief , crisis-oriented preventive casework occupy in our total spectrum of services ? ? +We should first recognize our tendency to develop a hierarchy of values , locating brief treatment at the bottom and long-term intensive service at the top , instead of seeing the services as part of a continuum , each important in its own right . +This problem is perhaps as old as social casework itself . +Almost three decades ago Bertha Reynolds undertook a study of short-contact interviewing because of her conviction that short-term casework had an important but neglected place in our network of social services . +Her conclusion has been borne out in the experience of many practitioners : `` short-contact interviewing is neither a truncated nor a telescoped experience but is of the same essential quality as the so-called intensive case work '' . +Thus , casework involving a limited number of interviews is still to be regarded in terms of the quality of service rendered rather than of the quantity of time expended . +

+

That we are experiencing an upsurge of interest in the many formulations and preventive adaptations of brief treatment in social casework is evident from even a small sampling of current literature . +Especially noteworthy is Levinger's finding that the length of treatment per se is not a reliable indicator of successful outcome . +According to a number of studies , the important predictors are the nature and management of the client's anxiety as well as the accessibility of the helping person . +For example , the level of improvement noted in a recent experiment with a short course of immediate treatment for parent-child relationship problems compared favorably with the results reported by typical child guidance clinics where the hours spent in purely diagnostic study may equal or exceed the number of hours devoted to actual treatment interviews in the experimental project . +Of startling significance , too , is the assertion that it was possible to carry out this program with only a 6 percent attrition rate as compared with a rate of 59 percent reported for a comparable group of families who were receiving help in traditionally operated child guidance services . +These reports refer to a level of secondary prevention in a child guidance clinic approached by the customary route of voluntary referral by the family or by other professional people . +Similarities to the approach which I have described are evident in the prompt establishment of a helping relationship , quick appraisal of key issues , and the immediate mobilization of treatment plans as the essential dynamics in helping to further the ego's coping efforts in dealing with the interplay of inner and outer stresses . +While there are many different possibilities for the timing of casework intervention , the experiments recently reported from a variety of traditional settings all point up the importance of an immediate response to the client's initial need for help . +In some programs , treatment is concentrated over a short period of time , while in others , after the initial contact is established , flexible spacing of interviews has been experimentally used with apparent success . +Willingness to take the risk of early and direct interpretation ( with the proviso that if the interpretation is too threatening , the worker can withdraw ) is another prominent feature in these efforts . +My aim in mentioning this factor obviously is not to give license to `` wild therapy '' but rather to encourage us to use the time-honored clinical casework skills we already possess , and to use them with greater confidence , precision , and professional pride . +

+

Though there is obviously great need for continued experimentation with various types of short-term intervention to further efforts in developing an operational definition of prevention at the secondary -- or perhaps , in some instances , primary -- level , the place of short-term intervention has already been documented by a number of investigators in a wide variety of settings . +Woodward , for example , has emphasized the `` need for a broad spectrum of services , including very brief services in connection with critical situations '' . +Ideally , brief treatment should be arrived at as a treatment of choice rather than as a treatment of chance . +Moreover , the shortage of treatment resources and the chronically persistent shortage of mental health manpower force us to innovate additional refinements of preventive intervention techniques to make services more widely available -- and on a more effective basis to more people . +Further research in the meaning of crises as experienced by the consumers of traditional social casework services -- including attempts to develop a typology of family structures , crisis problems , reaction mechanisms , and differential treatment approaches -- and the establishment of new experimental programs are imperative social needs which should command the best efforts of caseworkers in collaboration with community planners . +

+

Our literature is already replete with a fantastic number of suggestions for preventive agency programming ranging from the immediately practical to the globally utopian . +Probably , in the immediate future , we will have to settle for middle-range efforts that fall short of utopian models . +Increased experimentation with multipurpose agencies , especially those that combine afresh the traditional functions of family and child welfare services , holds rich promise for the future . +For example , child welfare experience abounds with cases in which the parental request for substitute care is precipitated by a crisis event which is meaningfully linked with a fundamental unresolved problem of family relationships . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j25.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j25.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..281f5db98476860fe0176f5c594003c6764c8973 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j25.xml @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +Sample J25 from Sister Claire Marie Sawyer, Some Aspects of the Fertility of a + Tri-Racial Isolate. Washington: The Catholic University of + America Press, 1961. Studies of Sociology, Number 46. Pp. 8-17. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,038 words 437 (21.4%) quotesJ25

Used by permission. 0010-1960

 Sister Claire Marie Sawyer, Some Aspects of the Fertility of a + Tri-Racial Isolate. Washington: The Catholic University of + America Press, 1961. Studies of Sociology, Number 46. Pp. 8-17. +

Typographical Error: Final " missing [1960]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Sentiment . +

+

Tension management and communication of sentiment are the processes involved in the functioning of the element of sentiment or feeling . +One of the devices for tension management is preferential mating . +The preferential mating of this particular population has been analyzed in a separate study . +The relative geographical isolation of the Brandywine population makes for a limited choice in mating . +It would seem necessary that members of this population provide support for one another since it is not provided by the larger society . +The supportive relations can apparently be achieved in geographical and social isolation . +The newlyweds building homes on the same land with either set of parents , and the almost exclusive use of members of the population as sponsors for baptisms and weddings illustrate this supportive relationship . +As Loomis remarks , `` In the internal pattern the chief reason for interacting is to communicate liking , friendship , and love among those who stand in supporting relations to one another and corresponding negative sentiments to those who stand in antagonistic relations '' . +Achieving . +

+

Maintenance of the status quo might seem to be the appropriate goal or objective of this population today . +Yet , the object of the element of achieving through the process of goal attaining for this population appears to have been changed by circumstances brought about by the war . +Prior to World War 2 , there was a higher percentage of endogamous marriages than after World War 2 . +Norms . +

+

The norms , as elements , refer to `` all criteria for judging the character or conduct of both individual and group actions in any social system '' . +The process of evaluation assigns varying positive and negative priorities or values to elements . +The elements and processes become evident in a study of mate selection in this population . +From the evidence `` it may be conjectured that core - core marriages are the preferred unions for core males and females ; ; +core - marginal marriages still belong in the category of permissive unions ; ; +and core - Negro marriages are proscribed for core members '' . +Status-roles . +

+

The element of status-roles and associated processes have not been sufficiently investigated for this population to permit any type of conjectures about them . +Power . +

+

There is some indication from a limited number of interviews with members of the population that the element of power , primarily the voluntary influence of non-authoritative power , has been exerted on actors in the system , particularly in regard to mate selection . +This would seem to vary from family to family , depending somewhat on the core or marginal `` status '' of that family . +Again , size of the group may have some influence on the strength of group controls . +Ranking . +

+

Interviews with members of the Brandywine population were attempted in order to discover the ranking of the various families in the population . +The large majority of the interviewees placed core families in the upper positions . +Loomis considers ranking a product of the evaluation process . +`` The standing or rank of an actor in a given social system is determined by the evaluation placed upon the actor and his acts in accordance with the norms and standards of the system '' . +Despite the increasing rate of exogamous marriages , the population has been able to sustain , at least to some degree , the consciousness of its intermediate status in society . +To some extent the system can be considered a Gemeinschaft in which `` social-role occupancies are determined by birth , by attributes such as sex or caste , which are biologically or socially immutable '' . +The adherence of many in the population to the Indian background in their pedigree , and emphasis upon the fact that their ancestors had never been slaves , becomes of prime interest in determining how far these elements promote the self-image of the intermediate status of the group in society . +Sanctions . +

+

The negative sanctions applied to core - Negro marriages for core members act as indicators of expected adherence to group norms . +However , because of Church laws , lately more stringently enforced , which forbid the marriage of cousins closely related consanguineously , a means of facilitating the goal of in-group relations may be that of recourse to illegitimate unions . +A cursory survey of available material indicates a high rate of illegitimate births occurring to parents who have a close consanguineous relationship . +

+

Subsystems +The comprehensive or master processes activate all or some of the elements within the social system and subsystems . +Within the larger social system are the structural and functional subsystems . +The structural subsystem , consisting of relatively stable inter-relationships among its parts , includes : 1 . +

+

Subgroups of various types , interconnected by relational norms . +2 . +

+

Roles of various types , within the larger system and within the subgroups 3 . +

+

Regulative norms governing subgroups and roles . +4 . +

+

Cultural values . +

+

In the study of marriage patterns for this group , consanguinity produces the structural system -- a system of affinities -- which , in turn , maintains the system of consanguinity . +Subgroups of various types have been found within this system . +Each family line can be considered a substructure . +There seems to be an implied cultural value attached to the fact of core status within the group . +Additionally , the proscription of core - Negro marriages for core families , discussed above , would seem to act as a regulative norm governing subgroups and roles . +The scope of this study does not provide for the study of roles of various types within the larger system or within the subgroups . +However , it cannot be presumed , informal though the structure of the population seems , that there are not well-defined roles within the system . +

+

The present study relates to the theory of functional systems . +It is hypothesized that fertility is a function of the social system when the population as a whole is considered and a function of the subsystems when the two-fold division of core families and marginal families is considered . +The four functional problems of a social system are , to some extent , solved by the subsystems within this population . +By means of geographical isolation and high fertility rates , inbreeding can be fostered and the pattern of isolation from the greater society maintained . +In order to attain the goal of group solidarity and to relieve tension , the high fertility rate provides more group members for mate selection , and the clustering of members in groups fosters acceptance of group controls . +To maintain their intermediate position in the larger society , it is not only necessary that members of this population be `` visible '' , but that their numbers be great enough to be recognized as a separate , distinct grouping or system in society . +As mentioned above , where families are concentrated in larger numbers , group controls seem strongest and most effective . +Adaptation to the social and non-social environment through the economy has been met to a degree through a type of occupational segregation . +This provides the necessary contact with the larger society , while supporting a type of control over members in terms of social contacts . +

+

Integration `` has to do with the inter-relation of parts '' . +The problem of solidarity and morale again involves the concept of values . +The values placed by the Brandywine population , upon maintaining a certain homogeneity , a certain separate racial identity , and therefore a certain separate social status , are important for the morale of the system . +Since morale is closely related to pattern maintenance and integration , the higher the morale and solidarity , the better the system can solve the problems of the system . +In this respect it would seem that the greater the social distance between the Brandywine population and the white and Negro populations within the same general locality , the greater the possibility for higher morale and solidarity within the Brandywine population . +It is conceived that one of the means to attain this social distance is that of physical and social isolation . +In turn , higher fertility rates for this population provide a means of increasing the numerical quantity of the population , allowing for the possibility of greater stability and unity . +The population can thereby replenish itself and actually grow larger . +

+

Master processes +Of particular utility in the analysis of the development , persistence , and change of social systems has been the use of the master or comprehensive processes . +Loomis considers six such processes in his paradigm . +

+

1 . +Communication +

+

2 . +Boundary maintenance +

+

3 . +Systemic linkage +

+

4 . +Socialization +

+

5 . +Social control +

+

6 . +Institutionalization Though undoubtedly all six processes are operative within the whole social system and its subsystems , two processes that are of crucial importance to this study will be singled out for particular emphasis . +Communication . +

+

In discussing the process of communication , Loomis defines it as `` the process by which information , decisions , and directives are transmitted among actors and the ways in which knowledge , opinions , and attitudes are formed , or modified by interaction '' . +Communication may be facilitated by means of the high visibility within the larger community . +Intense interaction is easier where segregated living and occupational segregation mark off a group from the rest of the community , as in the case of this population . +However , the factor of physical isolation is not a static situation . +Although the Brandywine population is still predominantly rural , `` there are indications of a consistent and a statistically significant trend away from the older and relatively isolated rural communities . +Urbanization appears to be an important factor in the disintegration of this group . +This conclusion is , however , an over-simplification . +A more realistic analysis must take into account the fact that Brandywine people in the urban-fringe area are , in general , less segregated locally than group members in rural areas . +In the urban area , in other words , they , unlike some urban ethnic groups , do not concentrate in ghetto colonies . +Group pressures toward conformity are slight or non-existent , and deviant behavior in mate selection incurs few if any social sanctions . +In such a setting social contacts and associations are likely to be heterogamous , resulting in a change of values and , almost necessarily , in mate selection behavior . +To the extent that urban life contributes to the breakdown of the group patterns of residential isolation , to that extent it contributes directly to increased exogamy '' . +Social control . +

+

The process of social control is operative insofar as sanctions play a part in the individual's behavior , as well as the group's behavior . +By means of this social control , deviance is either eliminated or somehow made compatible with the function of the social group . +Examples from this population indicate that deviance seems to be sanctioned by ostracism from the group . +Socialization . +

+

There is an oral tradition among the members of the population in regard to the origin and subsequent separate status of the group in the larger society . +Confused and divided though this tradition may be , it is an important part of the social and cultural heritage of the group , and acts as a means of socialization , particularly for members of the rural community . +The fact of Indian ancestry and `` free '' status during the days of slavery , are important distinctions made by members of the group . +Boundary maintenance . +

+

`` Culturally induced social cohesion resulting from common norms and values internalized by members of the group '' is operative in the boundary maintenance of the group as well as in the process of socialization . +The process of boundary maintenance identifies and preserves the social system or subsystems , and the characteristic interaction is maintained . +As the threat of encroachment on the system increases , the `` probability of applied boundary maintenance mechanisms increases '' . +

+

The fertility rate pattern would seem to be a function , though a latent one , of the process of maintaining the boundary . +`` Increased boundary maintenance may be achieved , for example , by assigning a higher primacy or evaluation to activities characteristic of the external pattern . +'' The external pattern or external system can be considered as `` group behavior that enables the group to survive in its environment . +'' Boundary maintenance for this group would seem to be primarily social , as is the preference for endogamy . +It is also expressed in the proscription against deviants in the matter of endogamy , particularly in rural areas . +By their pattern of endogamy and exogamy , the core families and the marginal families show distinct limits to the intergroup contact they maintain . +Systemic linkage . +

+

Where boundary maintenance describes the boundaries or limits of the group , systemic linkage is defined `` as the process whereby one or more of the elements of at least two social systems is articulated in such a manner that the two systems in some ways and on some occasions may be viewed as a single unit . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j29.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j29.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..285709d0f658375b6143484ba048d9df7ce669c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j29.xml @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +Sample J29 from Jesse W. Grimes and Wesley Allinsmith, "Compulsivity, Anxiety + and School Achievement", Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and + Development, 7 (1961), 254-261. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,039 words 29 (1.4%) quotes 1 symbol 5 formulasJ29

Used by permission. 0010-1950

 Jesse W. Grimes and Wesley Allinsmith, "Compulsivity, Anxiety + and School Achievement", Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and + Development, 7 (1961), 254-261. +

Typographical Errors: underachievers [0250] multiphastic [0650]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Control of socioeconomic status +It would have been desirable for the two communities to have differed only in respect to the variable being investigated : the degree of structure in teaching method . +The structured schools were in an industrial city , with three-family tenement houses typical of the residential areas , but with one rather sizable section of middle-class homes . +The unstructured schools were in a large suburban community , predominantly middle- to upper-middle class , but fringed by an industrial area . +In order to equate the samples on socioeconomic status , we chose schools in both cities on the basis of socioeconomic status of the neighborhoods . +School principals and guidance workers made ratings of the various neighborhoods and the research team made independent observations of houses and dwelling areas . +An objective scale was developed for rating school neighborhoods from these data . +Equal proportions of children in each city were drawn from upper-lower and lower-middle class neighborhoods . +Subjects +Individual differences in maturation and the development of readiness for learning to read indicate that not until the third grade have most children had ample opportunity to demonstrate their capacity for school achievement . +Therefore , third-grade children were chosen as subjects for this study . +

+

For purposes of sample selection only ( individual tests were given later ) we obtained group test scores of reading achievement and intelligence from school records of the entire third-grade population in each school system . +The subjects for this study were randomly selected from stratified areas of the distribution , one-third as underachievers , one-third medium , and one-third over-achievers . +Children whose reading scores were at least one standard deviation below the regression line of each total third-grade school population were considered under-achievers for the purposes of sample selection . +Over-achievers were at least one standard deviation above the regression line in their school system . +The final sample was not significantly different from a normal distribution in regard to reading achievement or intelligence test scores . +Twenty-four classrooms in twelve unstructured schools furnished 156 cases , 87 boys and 69 girls . +Eight classrooms in three structured schools furnished 72 cases , 36 boys and 36 girls . +Administrative restrictions necessitated the smaller sample size in the structured schools . +

+

It was assumed that the sampling procedure was purely random with respect to the personality variables under investigation . +Rating scale of compulsivity +An interview schedule of open-ended questions and a multiple-choice questionnaire were prepared , and one parent of each of the sample children was seen in the home . +The parent was asked to describe the child's typical behavior in certain standard situations in which there was an opportunity to observe tendencies toward perfectionism in demands upon self and others , irrational conformity to rules , orderliness , punctuality , and need for certainty . +The interviewers were instructed not to suggest answers and , as much as possible , to record the parents' actual words as they described the child's behavior in home situations . +

+

The rating scale of compulsivity was constructed by first perusing the interview records , categorizing all evidence related to compulsivity , then arranging a distribution of such information apart from the case records . +Final ratings were made on the basis of a point system which was developed after studying the distributions of actual behaviors recorded and assigning weight values to each type of behavior that was deviant from the discovered norms . +Children scoring high in compulsivity were those who gave evidence of tension or emotionality in situations where there was lack of organization or conformity to standards and expectations , or who made exaggerated efforts to achieve these goals . +The low compulsive child was one who appeared relatively unconcerned about such matters . +For instance , the following statement was rated low in compulsivity , `` She's naturally quite neat about things , but it doesn't bother her at all if her room gets messy . +But she cleans it up very well when I remind her '' . +Measurement of anxiety +Castaneda , et al revised the Taylor Anxiety Scale for use with children . +The Taylor Scale was adapted from the Minnesota Multiphastic Personality Inventory , with item selection based upon clinical definitions of anxiety . +There is much research evidence to validate the use of the instrument in differentiating individuals who are likely to manifest anxiety in varying degrees . +Reliability and validation work with the Children's Anxiety Scale by Castaneda , et al demonstrated results closely similar to the findings with the adult scale . +Although the Taylor Scale was designed as a group testing device , in this study it was individually administered by psychologically trained workers who established rapport and assisted the children in reading the items . +Relationship of Anxiety to compulsivity +The question may be raised whether or not we are dealing with a common factor in anxiety and compulsivity . +The two ratings yield a correlation of , which is not significantly different from zero ; ; +therefore , we have measured two different characteristics . +In theory , compulsive behavior is a way of diminishing anxiety , and one might expect a negative association except for the possibility that for many children the obsessive-compulsive defenses are not sufficient to quell the amount of anxiety they suffer . +The issue of interaction between anxiety and compulsivity will be taken up later . +Criterion measurement +In the primary grades , reading permeates almost every aspect of school progress , and the children's early experiences of success or failure in learning to read often set a pattern of total achievement that is relatively enduring throughout the following years . +In establishing criterion measurements , it was therefore thought best to broaden the scope beyond the reading act itself . +The predicted interaction effect should , if potent , extend its influence over all academic achievement . +

+

The Stanford Achievement Test , Form J , was administered by classroom teachers , consisting of a battery of six sub-tests : Paragraph Meaning , Word Meaning , Spelling , Language , Arithmetic Computation , and Arithmetic Reasoning . +All of these sub-tests involve reading except Arithmetic Computation . +Scores are stated in grade-equivalents on a national norm . +The battery median grade-equivalent was used in data analysis in this study . +

+

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children was administered to each sample third-grade child by a clinical worker . +The relationship of intelligence test scores to school achievement is a well-established fact ( in this case , Af ) ; ; +therefore , in the investigation of the present hypothesis , it was necessary to control this factor . +

+

The criterion score used in the statistical analysis is an index of over- or under-achievement . +It is the discrepancy between the actual attained achievement test score and the score that would be predicted by the I.Q. . +For example , on the basis of the regression equation , a child with an I.Q. of 120 in this sample would be expected to earn an achievement test score of 4.8 ( grade equivalent ) . +If a child with an I.Q. of 120 scored 5.5 in achievement , his discrepancy score would be , representing of one year of over-achievement . +A child with an I.Q. of 98 would be expected to earn an achievement test score of 3.5 . +If such a child scored 3.0 , his discrepancy score would be -.5 , representing of one year of under-achievement . +In this manner , the factors measured by the intelligence test were controlled , allowing discovered differences in achievement to be interpreted as resulting from other variables . +

+

Results +test of interaction of compulsivity and teaching methods +Tables 1 and 2 present the results of the statistical analysis of the data when compulsivity is used as the descriptive variable . +Figure 1 portrays the mean achievement scores of each sub-group graphically . +First of all , as we had surmised , the highly compulsive children in the structured setting score significantly better ( Af ) on achievement than do similar children in the unstructured schools . +It can be seen too that when we contrast levels of compulsivity within the structured schools , the high compulsive children do better ( Af ) . +No significant difference was found in achievement between high and low compulsive children within the unstructured school . +The hypothesis of there being an interaction between compulsivity and teaching method was supported , in this case , at the level . +

+

While we had expected that compulsive children in the unstructured school setting would have difficulty when compared to those in the structured , we were surprised to find that the achievement of the high compulsives within the schools where the whole-word method is used in beginning reading compares favorably with that of the low compulsives . +Indeed their achievement scores were somewhat better on an absolute basis although the difference was not significant . +We speculate that compulsives in the unstructured schools are under greater strain because of the lack of systemization in their school setting , but that their need to organize ( for comfort ) is so intense that they struggle to induce the phonic rules and achieve in spite of the lack of direction from the environment . +

+

It is interesting to note that medium compulsives in the unstructured schools made the lowest achievement scores ( although not significantly lower ) . +Possibly their compulsivity was not strong enough to cause them to build their own structure . +

+

Our conjecture is , then , that regardless of the manner in which school lessons are taught , the compulsive child accentuates those elements of each lesson that aid him in systematizing his work . +When helped by a high degree of structure in lesson presentation , then , and only then , does such a child attain unusual success . +Test of interaction of anxiety and teaching methods +The statistical analyses of achievement in relation to anxiety and teaching methods and the interactions of the two are presented in Tables 3 and 4 . +Figure 2 is a graph of the mean achievement scores of each group . +As predicted , the highly anxious children in the unstructured schools score more poorly ( Af ) than those in the structured schools . +The interaction effect , which is significant at the level , can be seen best in the contrast of mean scores . +While high anxiety children achieve significantly less well ( Af ) in the unstructured school than do low anxiety children , they appear to do at least as well as the average in the structured classroom . +

+

The most striking aspect of the interaction demonstrated is the marked decrement in performance suffered by the highly anxious children in unstructured schools . +According to the theory proposed , this is a consequence of the severe condition of perceived threat that persists unabated for the anxious child in an ambiguous sort of school environment . +The fact that such threat is potent in the beginning reading lessons is thought to be a vital factor in the continued pattern of failure or under-achievement these children exhibit . +The child with high anxiety may first direct his anxiety-released energy toward achievement , but because his distress severely reduces the abilities of discrimination and memorization of complex symbols , the child may fail in his initial attempts to master the problem . +Failure confirms the threat , and the intensity of anxiety is increased as the required learning becomes more difficult , so that by the time the child reaches the third grade the decrement in performance is pronounced . +

+

The individual with high anxiety in the structured classroom may approach the learning task with the same increased energy and lowered powers of discrimination . +But the symbols he is asked to learn are simple . +As shown earlier , the highly anxious individual may be superior in his memorizing of simple elements . +Success reduces the prospect of threat and his powers of discrimination are improved . +By the time the child first attacks the actual problem of reading , he is completely familiar and at ease with all of the elements of words . +Apparently academic challenge in the structured setting creates an optimum of stress so that the child with high anxiety is able to achieve because he is aroused to an energetic state without becoming confused or panicked . +

+

Sarason et al present evidence that the anxious child will suffer in the test-like situation , and that his performance will be impaired unless he receives supporting and accepting treatment from the teacher . +Although the present study was not a direct replication of their investigations , the results do not confirm their conclusion . +Observers , in the two school systems studied here , judged the teachers in the structured schools to be more impersonal and demanding , while the atmosphere in the unstructured schools was judged to be more supporting and accepting . +Yet the highly anxious child suffered a tremendous disadvantage only in the unstructured school , and performed as well or better than average in the structured setting . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j32.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j32.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..256f37a579a109a2858c2bb7baf206eb5e5dda96 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j32.xml @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +Sample J32 from Hugh Kelly and Ted Ziehe, "Glossary Lookup Made Easy" + Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, + University of California at Los Angeles. Englewood Cliffs, + New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1961. Pp. 326-331. Reproduction + permitted for any purpose of the U.S. Government. 0010-1750 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus1,990 words 21 symbols 48 formulasJ32

Hugh Kelly and Ted Ziehe, "Glossary Lookup Made Easy" + Proceedings of the National Symposium on Machine Translation, + University of California at Los Angeles. Englewood Cliffs, + New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1961. Pp. 326-331. Reproduction + permitted for any purpose of the U.S. Government. 0010-1750 +

Typographical Error: voume [0050] give [for gives] [0390]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The many linguistic techniques for reducing the amount of dictionary information that have been proposed all organize the dictionary's contents around prefixes , stems , suffixes , etc. . +A significant reduction in the voume of store information is thus realized , especially for a highly inflected language such as Russian . +For English the reduction in size is less striking . +This approach requires that : ( 1 ) each text word be separated into smaller elements to establish a correspondence between the occurrence and dictionary entries , and ( 2 ) the information retrieved from several entries in the dictionary be synthesized into a description of the particular word . +The logical scheme used to accomplish the former influences the placement of information in the dictionary file . +Implementation of the latter requires storage of information needed only for synthesis . +

+

We suggest the application of certain data-processing techniques as a solution to the problem . +But first , we must define two terms so that their meaning will be clearly understood : form -- any unique sequence of alphabetic characters that can appear in a language preceded and followed by a space ; ; +occurrence -- an instance of a form in text . +

+

We propose a method for selecting only dictionary information required by the text being translated and a means for passing the information directly to the occurrences in text . +We accomplish this by compiling a list of text forms as text is read by the computer . +A random-storage scheme , based on the spelling of forms , provides an economical way to compile this text-form list . +Dictionary forms found to match forms in the text list are marked . +A location in the computer store is also named for each marked form ; ; +dictionary information about the form stored at this location can be retrieved directly by occurrences of the form in text . +Finally , information is retrieved from the dictionary as required by stages of the translation process -- the grammatical description for sentence-structure determination , equivalent-choice information for semantic analysis , and target-language equivalents for output construction . +

+

The dictionary is a form dictionary , at least in the sense that complete forms are used as the basis for matching text occurrences with dictionary entries . +Also , the dictionary is divided into at least two parts : the list of dictionary forms and the file of information that pertains to these forms . +A more detailed description of dictionary operations -- text lookup and dictionary modification -- gives a clearer picture . +

+

Text lookup , as we will describe it , consists of three steps . +The first is compiling a list of text forms , assigning an information cell to each , and replacing text occurrences with the information cell assigned to the form of each occurrence . +For this step the computer memory is separated into three regions : cells in the W-region are used for storage of the forms in the text-form list ; ; +cells in the X-region and Y region are reserved as information cells for text forms . +

+

When an occurrence Af is isolated during text reading , a random memory address Af , the address of a cell in the X-region , is computed from the form of Af . +Let Af denote the form of Af . +If cell Af has not previously been assigned as the information cell of a form in the text-form list , it is now assigned as the information cell of Af . +The form itself is stored in the next available cells of the W-region , beginning in cell Af . +The address Af and the number of cells required to store the form are written in Af ; ; +the information cell Af is saved to represent the text occurrence . +Text reading continues with the next occurrence . +

+

Let us assume that Af is identical to the form of an occurrence Af which preceded Af in the text . +When this situation exists , the address Af will equal Af which was produced from Af . +If Af was assigned as the information cell for Af , the routine can detect that Af is identical to Af by comparing Af with the form stored at location Af . +The address Af is stored in the cell Af . +When , as in this case , the two forms match , the address Af is saved to represent the occurrence Af . +Text reading continues with the next occurrence . +

+

A third situation is possible . +The formula for computing random addresses from the form of each occurrence will not give a distinct address for each distinct form . +Thus , when more than one distinct form leads to a particular cell in the X-region , a chain of information cells must be created to accommodate the forms , one cell in the chain for each form . +If Af leads to an address Af that is equal to the address computed from Af , even though Af does not match Af , the chain of information cells is extended from Af by storing the address of the next available cell in the Y-region , Af , in Af . +The cell Af becomes the second information cell in the chain and is assigned as the information cell of Af . +A third cell can be added by storing the address of another Y-cell in Af ; ; +similarly , as many cells are added as are required . +Each information cell in the chain contains the address of the Y-cell where the form to which it is assigned is stored . +Each cell except the last in the chain also contains the address of the Y-cell that is the next element of the chain ; ; +the absence of such a link in the last cell indicates the end of the chain . +Hence , when the address Af is computed from Af , the cell Af and all Y-cells in its chain must be inspected to determine whether Af is already in the form list or whether it should be added to the form list and the chain . +When the information cell for Af has been determined , it is saved as a representation of Af . +Text reading continues with the next occurrence . +

+

Text reading is terminated when a pre-determined number of forms have been stored in the text-form list . +This initiates the second step of glossary lookup -- connecting the information cell of forms in the text-form list to dictionary forms . +Each form represented by the dictionary is looked up in the text-form list . +Each time a dictionary form matches a text form , the information cell of the matching text form is saved . +The number of dictionary forms skipped since the last one matched is also saved . +These two pieces of information for each dictionary form that is matched by a text form constitute the table of dictionary usage . +If each text form is marked when matched with a dictionary form , the text forms not contained in the dictionary can be identified when all dictionary forms have been read . +The appropriate action for handling these forms can be taken at that time . +

+

Each dictionary form is looked up in the text-form list by the same method used to look up a new text occurrence in the form list during text reading . +A random address Af that lies within the X-region of memory mentioned earlier is computed from the i-th dictionary form . +If cell Af is an information cell , it and any information cells in the Y-region that have been linked to Af each contain an address in the W-region where a potentially matching form is stored . +The dictionary form is compared with each of these text forms . +When a match is found , an entry is made in the table of dictionary usage . +If cell Af is not an information cell we conclude that the i-th dictionary form is not in the text list . +

+

These two steps essentially complete the lookup operation . +The final step merely uses the table of dictionary usage to select the dictionary information that pertains to each form matched in the text-form list , and uses the list of information cells recorded in text order to attach the appropriate information to each occurrence in text . +The list of text forms in the W-region of memory and the contents of the information cells in the X and Y-regions are no longer required . +Only the assignment of the information cells is important . +

+

The first stage of translation after glossary lookup is structural analysis of the input text . +The grammatical description of each occurrence in the text must be retrieved from the dictionary to permit such an analysis . +A description of this process will serve to illustrate how any type of information can be retrieved from the dictionary and attached to each text occurrence . +

+

The grammatical descriptions of all forms in the dictionary are recorded in a separate part of the dictionary file . +The order is identical to the ordering of the forms they describe . +When entries are being retrieved from this file , the table of dictionary usage indicates which entries to skip and which entries to store in the computer . +This selection-rejection process takes place as the file is read . +Each entry that is selected for storage is written into the next available cells of the Aj . +The address of the first cell and the number of cells used is written in the information cell for the form . +( The address of the information cell is also supplied by the table of dictionary usage . +) When the complete file has been read , the grammatical descriptions for all text forms found in the dictionary have been stored in the W-region ; ; +the information cell assigned to each text form contains the address of the grammatical description of the form it represents . +Hence , the description of each text occurrence can be retrieved by reading the list of text-ordered information-cell addresses and outputting the description indicated by the information cell for each occurrence . +

+

The only requirements on dictionary information made by the text-lookup operation are that each form represented by the dictionary be available for lookup in the text-form list and that information for each form be available in a sequence identical with the sequence of the forms . +This leaves the ordering of entries variable . +( Here an entry is a form plus the information that pertains to it . +

+

Two very useful ways for modifying a form-dictionary are the addition to the dictionary of complete paradigms rather than single forms and the application of a single change to more than one dictionary form . +The former is intended to decrease the amount of work necessary to extend dictionary coverage . +The latter is useful for modifying information about some or all forms of a word , hence reducing the work required to improve dictionary contents . +Applying the techniques developed at Harvard for generating a paradigm from a representative form and its classification , we can add all forms of a word to the dictionary at once . +An extension of the principle would permit entering a grammatical description of each form . +Equivalents could be assigned to the paradigm either at the time it is added to the dictionary or after the word has been studied in context . +Thus , one can think of a dictionary entry as a word rather than a form . +

+

If all forms of a paradigm are grouped together within the dictionary , a considerable reduction in the amount of information required is possible . +For example , the inflected forms of a word can be represented , insofar as regular inflection allows , by a stem and a set of endings to be attached . +( Indeed , the set of endings can be replaced by the name of a set of endings . +) The full forms can be derived from such information just prior to the lookup of the form in the text-form list . +Similarly , if the equivalents for the forms of a word do not vary , the equivalents need be entered only once with an indication that they apply to each form . +The dictionary system is in no way dependent upon such summarization or designed around it . +When irregularity and variation prevent summarizing , information is written in complete detail . +Entries are summarized only when by doing so the amount of information retained in the dictionary is reduced and the time required for dictionary operations is decreased . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j37.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j37.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad61bd3d86aa224c5d734365e25bd247a1578165 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j37.xml @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +Sample J37 from Douglas Ashford, "Elections in Morocco: Progress or Confusion?" + Middle East Journal, Winter, 1961, 2-8. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,005 words28 (1.4%) quotesJ37

Used by permission. 0010-1950

 Douglas Ashford, "Elections in Morocco: Progress or Confusion?" + Middle East Journal, Winter, 1961, 2-8. +

Arbitrary Hyphen: let-down [0630]Note: strains...was revealed [0590] estimate...were made [1940]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

An analysis of the election falls naturally in four parts . +First is the long and still somewhat obscure process of preparation , planning and discussion . +Preparation began slightly more than a year after independence with the first steps to organize rural communes . +All political interests supported electoral planning , although there are some signs that the inherent uncertainties of a popular judgment led to some procrastination . +The second major aspect of the election is the actual procedure of registration , nomination and voting . +Considerable technical skill was used and the administration of the elections was generally above reproach . +However , the regionally differentiated results , which appear below in tables , are interesting evidence of the problems of developing self-government under even the most favorable circumstances . +A third aspect , and probably the one open to most controversy , is the results of the election . +The electoral procedure prevented the ready identification of party affiliation , but all vitally interested parties , including the government itself , were busily engaged in determining the party identifications of all successful candidates the month following the elections . +The fourth and concluding point will be to estimate the long-run significance of the elections and how they figure in the current pattern of internal politics . +

+

Elections have figured prominently in nearly every government program and official address since independence . +They were stressed in the speeches of Si Mubarak Bekkai when the first Council of Ministers was formed and again when the Istiqlal took a leading role in the second Council . +King Muhammad 5 , was known to be most sympathetic to the formation of local self-government and made the first firm promise of elections on May Day , 1957 . +There followed a long and sometimes bitter discussion of the feasibility of elections for the fall of 1957 , in which it appears that the Minister of the Interior took the most pessimistic view and that the Istiqlal was something less than enthusiastic . +Since the complicated process of establishing new communes and reviewing the rudimentary plan left by the French did not even begin until the fall of 1957 , this goal appears somewhat ambitious . +

+

From the very beginning the electoral discussions raised fundamental issues in Moroccan politics , precisely the type of questions that were most difficult to resolve in the new government . +Until the Charter of Liberties was issued in the fall of 1958 , there were no guarantees of the right to assemble or to organize for political purposes . +The Istiqlal was still firmly united in 1957 , but the P.D.I. ( Parti Democratique de l'Independance ) , the most important minor party at the time , objected to the Istiqlal's predominance in the civil service and influence in Radio Maroc . +There were rumors that the Ministry of the Interior favored an arbitrary , `` non-political '' process , which were indirectly affirmed when the King personally intervened in the planned meetings . +The day following his intervention the palace issued a statement reassuring the citizens that `` the possibility of introducing appeals concerning the establishment of electoral lists , lists of candidates and finally the holding of the consultation itself '' would be supported by the King himself . +

+

The Ifni crisis in the fall of 1957 postponed further consideration of elections , but French consultants were called in and notices of further investigation appeared from time to time . +In January , 1958 , the Minister of the Interior announced that an election law was ready to be submitted to the King , the rumors of election dates appeared once again , first for spring of 1958 and later for the summer . +Although the government was probably prepared for elections by mid-1958 , the first decision was no doubt made more difficult as party strife multiplied . +In late 1957 the M.P. ( Mouvement Populaire ) appeared and in the spring of 1958 the internal strains of the Istiqlal was revealed when the third Council of Government under Balafrej was formed without support from progressive elements in the party . +The parties were on the whole unprepared for elections , while the people were still experiencing post-independence let-down and suffering the after-effects of poor harvests in 1957 . +

+

Despite the internal and international crises that harassed Morocco the elections remained a central issue . +They figured prominently in the Balafrej government of May , 1958 , which the King was reportedly determined to keep in office until elections could be held . +But the eagerly sought `` homogeneity '' of the Balafrej Council of Government was never achieved as the Istiqlal quarreled over foreign policy , labor politics and economic development . +By December , 1958 , when ' Abdallah Ibrahim became President of the Council , elections had even greater importance . +They were increasingly looked upon as a means of establishing the new rural communes as the focus of a new , constructive national effort . +To minimize the chances of repeating the Balafrej debacle the Ibrahim government was formed . +A titre personnel and a special office was created in the Ministry of the Interior to plan and to conduct the elections . +By this time there is little doubt but what election plans were complete . +There remained only the delicate task of maneuvering the laws through the labyrinth of Palace politics and making a small number of policy decisions . +

+

From the rather tortuous history of electoral planning in Morocco an important point emerges concerning the first elections in a developing country and evaluating their results . +In the new country the electoral process is considered as a means of resolving fundamental , and sometimes bitter , differences among leaders and also as a source of policy guidance . +In the absence of a reservoir of political consensus each organized political group hopes that the elections will give them new prominence , but in a system where there is as yet no place for the less prominent . +Lacking the respected and effective institutions that consensus helps provide , minority parties , such as the P.D.I. in 1957 and the progressive Istiqlal faction in 1958 , clamor for elections when out of power , but are not at all certain they wish to be controlled by popular choice when in power . +Those in power tend to procrastinate and even to repudiate the electoral process . +The tendency to treat elections as an instrument of self-interest rather than an instrument of national interest had two important effects on electoral planning in Morocco . +

+

At the central level the scrutin uninominal voting system was selected over some form of the scrutin de liste system , even though the latter had been recommended by Duverger and favored by all political parties . +The choice of the single member district was dictated to a certain extent by problems of communication and understanding in the more remote areas of the country , but it also served to minimize the national political value of the elections . +Although the elections were for local officials , it was not necessary to conduct the elections so as to prevent parties from publicly identifying their candidates . +With multiple member districts the still fragmentary local party organizations could have operated more effectively and parties might have been encouraged to state their positions more clearly . +Both parties and the Ministry of the Interior were busily at work after the elections trying to unearth the political affiliations of the successful candidates and , thereby , give the elections a confidential but known degree of national political significance . +Since a national interpretation cannot be avoided it is unfortunate that the elections were not held in a way to maximize party responsibility and the educational effect of mass political participation . +

+

The general setting of the Moroccan election may also encourage the deterioration of local party organization . +The concentration of effective power in Rabat leads not only to party bickering , but to distraction from local activity that might have had many auxiliary benefits in addition to contributing to more meaningful elections . +Interesting evidence can be found in the results of the Chamber of Commerce elections , which took place three weeks before national elections . +The Istiqlal-sponsored U.M.C.I.A. ( L'Union Marocaine Des Commercants , Industrialistes et Artisans ) was opposed by candidates of the new U.N.F.P. ( L'Union National Des Forces Populaires ) in nearly all urban centers . +As the more conservative group with strong backing from wealthy businessmen , the U.M.C.I.A. was generally favored against the more progressive , labor-based U.N.F.P. . +The newer party campaigned heavily , while the older , more confident party expected the Moroccan merchants and small businessmen to support them as they had done for many years . +The local Istiqlal and U.M.C.I.A. offices did not campaign and lost heavily . +The value of the elections was lost , both as an experiment in increased political participation and as a reliable indicator of commercial interest , as shown in Table 1 . +

+

The Chamber of Commerce elections were , of course , an important event in the preparation for rural commune elections . +The U.N.F.P. learned that its urban organization , which depends heavily on U.M.T. support , was most effective . +The Istiqlal found that the spontaneous solidarity of the independence struggle was not easily transposed to the more concrete , precise problems of internal politics . +The overall effect was probably to stimulate more party activity in the communal elections than might have otherwise taken place . +

+

A second major point of this essay is to examine the formal arrangements for the elections . +Although a somewhat technical subject , it has important political implications as the above discussion of the voting system indicated . +Furthermore , the problems and solutions devised in the electoral experiences of the rapidly changing countries are often of comparative value and essential to evaluating election results . +The sine qua non of the elections was naturally an impartial and standardized procedure . +As the background discussion indicated there were frequently expressed doubts that a government dominated by either party could fairly administer elections . +The P.D.I. and later the Popular Movement protected the Istiqlal's `` privileged position '' until the fall of Balafrej , and then the Istiqlal used the same argument , which it had previously ignored , against the pro-U.N.F.P. tendencies of the Ibrahim government . +

+

The bulk of the preparation had , of course , proceeded under the supervision of the Ministry of the Interior , whose officials are barred from party activity and probably generally disinterested in party politics . +Apart from some areas of recurring trouble , like Bani Mellal , where inexperienced officials had been appointed , there is little evidence that local officials intervened in the electoral process . +Centrally , however , the administrative problem was more complex and the sheer prestige of office was very likely an unfair advantage . +The King decided to remove Ibrahim a week before elections and to institute a non-party Council of Government under his personal direction . +Although the monarch had frequently asserted that the elections were to be without party significance , his action was an implicit admission that party identifications were a factor . +The new Council was itself inescapably of political meaning , which was most clearly revealed in the absence of any U.N.F.P. members and the presence of several Istiqlal leaders . +Since the details of the elections were settled the change of government had no direct effect on the technical aspects of the elections , and may have been more important as an indication of royal displeasure with the U.N.F.P. +

+

Voting preparations began in the fall of 1959 , although the actual demarcation and planning for the rural communes was completed in 1958 . +There were three major administrative tasks : the fixing of electoral districts , the registration of voters and the registration of candidates . +Voter registration began in late November 1959 and continued until early January , 1960 . +The government was most anxious that there be a respectable response . +Periodic bulletins of the accomplishment in each province made the registration process into a kind of competition among provincial officials . +A goal was fixed , as given in Table 2 , and attention focused on its fulfillment . +The qualifications to vote were kept very simple . +Both men and women of twenty-one years of age could register and vote upon presenting proof of residence and identification . +There were liberal provisions for dispensation where documents or records were lacking . +The police were disqualified along with certain categories of naturalized citizens , criminals and those punished for Protectorate activities . +

+

The registration figures given in Table 2 must be interpreted with caution since the estimate for eligible electors were made without the benefit of a reliable census . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j38.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j38.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69898408c761de0ebc8a34ff884be18ca2b0ab27 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j38.xml @@ -0,0 +1,132 @@ +Sample J38 from Committee for Economic Development, Distressed Areas in a Growing + Economy. A Statement on National Policy by the Research and Policy + Committee of the Committee for Economic Development. New York, + 1961. Pp. 48-53. Used by permission.0010-1920 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,018 wordsJ38

Committee for Economic Development, Distressed Areas in a Growing + Economy. A Statement on National Policy by the Research and Policy + Committee of the Committee for Economic Development. New York, + 1961. Pp. 48-53. Used by permission.0010-1920 +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Unemployed older workers who have no expectation of securing employment in the occupation in which they are skilled should be able to secure counseling and retraining in an occupation with a future . +Some vocational training schools provide such training , but the current need exceeds the facilities . +Current programs +The present Federal program of vocational education began in 1917 with the passage of the Smith-Hughes Act , which provided a continuing annual appropriation of $7 million to support , on a matching basis , state-administered programs of vocational education in agriculture , trades , industrial skills and home economics . +Since 1917 some thirteen supplementary and related acts have extended this Federal program . +The George-Barden Act of 1946 raised the previous increases in annual authorizations to $29 million in addition to the $7 million under the Smith Act . +The Health Amendment Act of 1956 added $5 million for practical nurse training . +

+

The latest major change in this program was introduced by the National Defense Education Act of 1958 , Title 8 , of which amended the George-Barden Act . +Annual authorizations of $15 million were added for area vocational education programs that meet national defense needs for highly skilled technicians . +

+

The Federal program of vocational education merely provides financial aid to encourage the establishment of vocational education programs in public schools . +The initiative , administration and control remain primarily with the local school districts . +Even the states remain primarily in an assisting role , providing leadership and teacher training . +

+

Federal assistance is limited to half of the total expenditure , and the state or local districts must pay at least half . +The state may decide to encourage local programs by paying half of the cost , or the state may require the local district to bear this half or some part of it . +Throughout the history of the program , state government expenditures in the aggregate have usually matched or exceeded the Federal expenditures , while local districts all together have spent more than either Federal or state governments . +Today , Federal funds account for only one-fifth of the nation's expenditures for vocational education . +The greatest impact of the matching-fund principle has been in initially encouraging the poorest states and school districts to spend enough to obtain their full allocation of outside funds . +

+

National defense considerations have been the major reason behind most Federal training expenditures in recent decades . +During World War 2 , about 7.5 million persons were enrolled in courses organized under two special programs administered by state and local school authorities : ( 1 ) Vocational Education for National Defense , and ( 2 ) War Production Training . +The total cost of the five-year program was $297 million . +For the Smith-Hughes , George-Barden , and National Defense Act of 1958 , the cumulative total of Federal expenditures in 42 years was only about $740 million . +

+

No comparable measures are available of enrollments and expenditures for private vocational education training . +There are a great number and variety of private commercial schools , trade schools and technical schools . +In addition , many large corporations operate their own formal training programs . +A recent study indicated that 85 per cent of the nation's largest corporations conducted educational programs involving some class meetings and examinations . +

+

Most skilled industrial workers , nevertheless , still acquire their skills outside of formal training institutions . +The National Manpower Council of Columbia University has estimated that three out of five skilled workers and one out of five technicians have not been formally trained . +

+

There is little doubt that the students benefit from vocational education . +Employers prefer to hire youth with such training rather than those without , and most graduates of vocational training go to work in jobs related to their training . +Vocational educators do not claim that school training alone makes skilled workers , but it provides the essential groundwork for developing skills . +

+

In most states , trade and industrial training is provided in a minority of the high schools , usually located in the larger cities . +In Arkansas fewer than 6 per cent of the high schools offer trade and industrial courses . +In Illinois about 13 per cent of the schools have programs , and in Pennsylvania 11 per cent . +

+

An important recent trend is the development of area vocational schools . +For a number of years Kentucky , Louisiana and several other states have been building state-sponsored vocational education schools that serve nearby school districts in several counties . +These schools are intended to provide the facilities and specialized curriculum that would not be possible for very small school districts . +Transportation may be provided from nearby school districts . +Courses are provided mainly for post high school day programs ; ; +but sometimes arrangements also are made for high school students to attend , and evening extension courses also may be conducted . +

+

The Title 8 , program of the National Defense Education Act of 1958 was a great spur to this trend toward area schools . +By 1960 there were such schools in all but 4 states . +They were operating in 10 of the 17 major areas of chronic labor surplus and in 10 of the minor areas . +An extension of this program into the other distressed areas should be undertaken . +Relation to new industry +Some of this trend toward area vocational schools has been related to the problems of persistent labor surplus areas and their desire to attract new industry . +

+

The major training need of a new industrial plant is a short period of pre-employment training for a large number of semi-skilled machine operators . +A few key skilled workers experienced in the company's type of work usually must be brought in with the plant manager , or hired away from a similar plant elsewhere . +A prospective industry also may be interested in the long-run advantages of training programs in the area to supply future skilled workers and provide supplementary extension courses for its employees . +

+

The existence of a public school vocational training program in trade and industry provides a base from which such needs can be filled . +Additional courses can readily be added and special cooperative programs worked out with any new industry if the basic facilities , staff and program are in being . +Thus , besides the training provided to youth in school , the existence of the school program can have supplementary benefits to industry which make it an asset to industrial development efforts . +

+

Few states make effective use of their existing vocational education programs or funds for the purpose of attracting new industry . +The opportunity exists for states to reserve some of their vocational education funds to apply on an ad hoc flexible basis to subsidize any local preemployment training programs that may be quickly set up in a community to aid a new industrial plant . +Local focus of programs +The major weakness of vocational training programs in labor surplus areas is their focus on serving solely local job demands . +This weakness is not unique to labor surplus areas , for it is inherent in the system of local school districts in this country . +

+

Planning of vocational education programs and courses is oriented to local employer needs for trained workers . +All the manuals for setting up vocational courses stress the importance of first making a local survey of skill needs , of estimating the growth of local jobs , and of consulting with local employers on the types of courses and their content . +

+

Furthermore , there is a cautious conservatism on the part of those making local skill surveys . +Local jobs can be seen and counted , while opportunities elsewhere are regarded as more hypothetical . +

+

While the U. S. Department of Labor has a program of projecting industry and occupational employment trends and publishing current outlook statements , there is little tangible evidence that these projections have been used extensively in local curriculum planning . +The U. S. Office of Education continues to stress local surveys rather than national surveys . +

+

This procedure is extremely shortsighted in chronic labor surplus areas with a long history of declining employment . +Elaborate studies have been made in labor surplus areas in order to identify sufficient numbers of local job vacancies and future replacement needs for certain skills to justify training programs for those skills . +No effort is made in the same studies to present information on regional or national demand trends in these skills or to consider whether regional or national demands for other skills might provide much better opportunities for the youth to be trained . +

+

Moreover , the current information on what types of training are needed and possible is too limited and fragmentary . +There simply is not enough material available on the types of job skills that are in demand and the types of training programs that are required or most suitable . +Much of the available information comes not from the Federal government but from an exchange of experiences among states . +Proposals +State and local agencies in the vocational education field must be encouraged to adopt a wider outlook on future job opportunities . +There is a need for an expanded Federal effort to provide research and information to help guide state education departments and local school boards in existing programs . +

+

A related question is whether unemployed workers can be motivated to take the training provided . +There is little evidence that existing public or private training programs have any great difficulty getting students to enroll in their programs , even though they must pay tuition , receive no subsistence payments , and are not guaranteed a job . +However , there always is some limit to the numbers who will spend the time and effort to acquire training . +Again , one major difficulty is the local focus . +

+

A training program in a depressed area may have few enrollees unless there is some apparent prospect for better employment opportunities afterwards , and the prospect may be poor if the training is aimed solely at jobs in the local community . +If there is adequate information on job opportunities for skilled jobs elsewhere , many more workers can be expected to respond . +

+

Another problem is who will pay for the training . +Local school districts are hard pressed financially and unenthusiastic about vocational training . +Programs usually are expanded only when outside funds are available or local business leaders demand it . +Even industrial development leaders find it hard to win local support for training unless a new industry is in sight and requests it . +State governments have been taking the lead in establishing area vocational schools , but their focus is still on area job opportunities . +Only the Federal government is likely to be able to take a long-run and nation-wide view and to pay for training to meet national skilled manpower needs . +

+

If only state funds were used to pay for the vocational education , it could be argued that the state should not have to bear the cost of vocational training which would benefit employers in other states . +However , if Federal funds are used , it would be entirely appropriate to train workers for jobs which could be obtained elsewhere as well as for jobs in the area of chronic unemployment . +Such training would increase the tendency of workers to leave the area and find jobs in other localities . +

+

A further possibility is suggested by the example of the G. I. bills and also by some recent trends in attitudes toward improving college education : that is to provide financial assistance to individuals for vocational training when local facilities are inadequate . +This probably would require some support for subsistence as well as for tuition , but the total would be no greater than for the proposals of unemployment compensation or a Youth Conservation Corps . +A maximum of $600 per year per student would enable many to take training away from home . +

+

A program of financial assistance would permit placing emphasis on the national interest in training highly skilled labor . +Instead of being limited to the poor training facilities in remote areas , the student would be able to move to large institutions of concentrated specialized training . +Such specialized training institutions could be located near the most rapidly growing industries , where the equipment and job experience exist and where the future employment opportunities are located . +This would heighten possibilities for part-time cooperative , on-the-job and extension training . +

+

Personal financial assistance would enable more emphasis to be placed on the interests of the individual . +His aptitudes and preferences could be given more weight in selecting the proper training . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j39.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j39.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..761e087dce9174864bea690be08700c7ea63c671 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j39.xml @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +Sample J39 from William O'Connor. Stocks, Wheat and Pharaohs. + New York: Wener Books Company, 1961. Pp. 82-89. 0010-1820 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,039 words 115 (5.6%) quotesJ39

William O'Connor. Stocks, Wheat and Pharaohs. + New York: Wener Books Company, 1961. Pp. 82-89. 0010-1820 +

Note: oversubscribed [1720] over-subscribed [1730]Typographical Errors: intial [0050] cocao [0510]good natured [0160] comittment [1690]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

But briefly , the topping configuration must be examined for its inferences . +Then the fact that the lower channel line was pierced had further forecasting significance . +And then the application of the count rules to the width ( horizontally ) of the configuration gives us an intial estimate of the probable depth of the decline . +The very idea of there being `` count rules '' implies that there is some sort of proportion to be expected between the amount of congestive activity and the extent of the breakaway ( run up or run down ) movement . +This expectation is what really `` sold '' point and figure . +But there is no positive and consistently demonstrable relationship in the strictest sense . +Experience will show that only the vaguest generalities apply , and in fine , these merely dwell upon a relationship between the durations and intensities of events . +After all , too much does not happen too suddenly , nor does very little take long . +

+

The advantages and disadvantages of these two types of charting , bar charting and point and figure charting , remain the subject of fairly good-natured litigation among their respective professional advocates , with both methods enjoying in common , one irrevocable merit . +They are both trend-following methods . +Even if we strip their respective claims to the barest minimum , the `` odds '' still favor them both , for the trend in effect is always more likely to continue than to reverse . +

+

Of course , many more things are charted besides prices . +The foregoing have been methods of charting prices , but now let us look at some of the other indices that are customarily charted , and which are looked to for their forecasting abilities . +The quest for methods +The search for forecasting formulae is ceaseless . +Correlations have been worked up between the loading of freight cars and the course of stock price . +The theory behind this is , of course , fundamentalist in character . +As the number of reported freight car loadings increased , this was taken to indicate increased industrial activity , and consequently increased stock earnings , implying fatter dividends , and implying therefore increased stock market prices . +We now know that things rarely ever work out in such cut-and-dried fashion , and that car loadings , while perhaps interesting enough , are nevertheless not the magic formula that will always turn before stock prices turn . +

+

But the quest for such an index goes on ceaselessly , with all manner of investors and speculators participating , ranging from the sedate institutional type virtually to the proverbial shoe-string operator , all seeking doggedly , studiously , daily -- and often nightly -- for the enchanting index that will foretell the eternal secret : Which way will the market move -- up or down ? ? +It recalls to mind the quest of olden times for the fountain of youth , a quest heavily invested in , during the days of wooden ships . +Just as heavily invested are the endeavors of multitudes of modern men who carry on the quest for the enchanting index . +The quest offers careers . +Much of this goes on in offices high up in Wall Street's lofty wind-swept towers . +

+

There sit men who make moving averages of weekly volume , monthly averages of price-earnings ratios , ratios of the number of advances to the number of declines , ratios of an individual stock's performance to overall market performance , ratios of rising price volume to falling price volume , odd-lot indices , and what not . +They are concerned with all things traded in , securities , bonds , cocao , coffee , soybeans , cotton , tin , oats , etc. . +

+

And along Chicago's West Jackson Boulevard , La Salle Street , and around the Merchandise Mart Plaza there sit men who chart crop reports , who divide the number of reported lady-bugs by the number of reported green-bugs , and the number of hogs by the amount of corn . +They plot the open interest curves , rainfall curves , and they even divide Democratic congressmen by Republican congressmen . +All these things and countless more enter into their calculations , and yet , the enchanting index remains non-forthcoming . +Not , at any rate , in the fuller sense of the word . +

+

The markets are far too subtle , and the last word in these endeavors will doubtless never be written , for the enchanting index is about as nebulous as the fountain of youth . +

+

But whereas civilized men no longer pursue the fountain , they never abandoned their pursuit of the enchanting index . +

+

We mentioned odd-lot indices a few paragraphs ago . +In the stock market , the normal trading package is a hundred shares , just as 5,000 bushels is the standard grain contract package . +A stock transaction for less than a hundred shares is executed via a special odd-lot broker on the floor of the exchange . +This results in a separate record being made , distinguishing these trades from the overall volume of trading . +

+

According to the theory underlying odd-lot indices , the trader who trades odd lots is most likely a small trader , one who can't afford to trade round lots . +Or , to use the cynical phraseology of one odd-lot index enthusiast , they represent a sampling of the least sophisticated echelon of traders . +Falling most easily prey to an adverse market movement , for this rank of traders can least afford to lose , virtually anything the odd-lot traders do , marketwise , is taken to exemplify the `` wrong '' thing to do . +

+

Figures reporting the volume of odd-lot purchases and odd-lot sales are released by the stock exchange and carried in the newspapers . +Odd-lot index observers then make graphs of the data according to their particular statistical recipe . +They might , for example , plot it exactly as is , or they might make ten day moving averages of it , or longer moving averages , or they might simply plot the ratio of odd-lot purchases to odd-lot sales . +The particular recipe is a matter of individual taste . +The data is now interpreted in conjunction with a price chart , usually of a popular stock average . +

+

Towards the end of an intermediate or major rise , while the top is forming on the price chart , it is frequently observed that the odd-lot buying increases sharply . +This warns the chartist that the formation in progress is quite likely to be a top . +Similarly , at the opposite end of the market cycle , towards the end of an intermediate or major decline , usually while the bottom is being formed on the price chart , it is characteristic that an increase is noticed in odd-lot selling again alerting the chartist that a bottom is becoming a greater likelihood . +Thus , in the aggregate , the odd-lot trader is one who buys at the tops and sells at the bottoms , notwithstanding occasional individual exceptions . +

+

While it had long been known in general , that `` the public is always wrong '' , the use of odd-lot indices now puts the adage on a statistical basis . +

+

One might well wonder why the `` public is always wrong '' and the question raised is about as awkward as the one concerned with the chicken and the egg . +Which came first ? ? +Is it really that the `` public '' buys at the tops , and not that the market tops out when the `` public '' buys ? ? +And the converse at bottoms . +Does the `` public '' usually sell at bottoms , or does the market usually bottom out when the `` public '' sells ? ? +

+

We have been using the word `` public '' in quotation marks , that is , in its vernacular connotation with reference to the odd-lot index theory . +Obviously someone has to sell in order for someone to buy , and vice versa . +And while all concerned are members of the literal public , somewhat less than all concerned , although still a majority , form the quotation marked `` public '' . +And the public minus the `` public '' leaves the so-called `` sophisticated '' element -- the element on the other end of the `` public's '' transactions . +

+

This element is often called `` strong hands '' . +Strong hands differ from `` weak hands '' in that their operations are the primary movers . +They initiate campaigns , so to speak , even if this initiation is diffused among them , and their concerted action only psychologically organized . +Strong hands act ; ; +weak hands react . +Strong hands move first ; ; +weak hands ask , What is going on ? ? +When strong hands buy , they are able to buy more , and they do it even in the face of bearish news reports . +They are able to sit more patiently with what they have bought . +Needless to say , strong hands are not eager to be joined by weak hands , for this increases the risk that they will have to absorb what these weak hands unload on the way up , at higher prices , during the run-up phase of the campaign . +

+

Certain badly disillusioned market critics are often apt to feel that there is something somehow unfair , dirty , or even thoroughly criminal about this interplay of competitive forces . +But after all , can anyone imagine a market wherein the reverse of these things were true ? ? +Try to imagine a market in which only a minority of traders would lose , and the majority would make consistent profits . +How much and how many profits could a majority take out of the losses of a few ? ? +

+

Moreover , the taunt concerning the `` sophisticated '' echelon and its alleged erudition is put to test during every campaign , and accrues only upon results ; ; +not before . +It quite often happens that campaigns go askew , resulting in a most unflattering deterioration of strong hands into played-out hands , just as a member of a former campaign's `` public '' may emerge flatteringly `` right '' the next time . +Membership in the echelons fluctuates too . +

+

The study of odd-lot indices is somehow akin to the spectacle of a man trying to outfox his own shadow , what with all observers trying to get on the side of the `` few '' at the same time . +The usefulness of this study and of configuration analysis as well , declines in direct proportion to the dissemination of its use . +It has to , by virtue of the very dictionary definition of the word `` few '' . +

+

Diametric opposition must persist as to the future course of prices , if there is to persist a market at all . +And the few must win what the many lose , for the opposite arrangement would not support markets as we know them at all , and is , in fact , unimaginable . +There need be no squeamishness about admitting this . +Anyone still doubting that this is the only way markets can be is invited to try to imagine a market wherein the majority consistently wins what the minority loses . +

+

Mr. John Magee , whose work has been discussed in this chapter , was quoted in a New Yorker Magazine profile as saying : `` Of course , you have to remember it's a good thing for us chartists that there aren't more of us . +If you got too many people investing by this method , their operations would begin to affect stock prices , and thus throw the charts off . +The method would become self-defeating '' . +

+

Mr. Alexander H. Wheelan's Study Helps In Point And Figure Technique tells the readers : `` We assure you that the total number of people using this method of market analysis is a very small portion of the sum total of those operating in the securities and commodities markets '' . +

+

What with traders trading for so many different objectives , and what with there being so many unique and individualized market theories and trading techniques in use , and more coming into use all the time , it is hard to imagine how any particular theory or technique could acquire enough `` fans '' to invalidate itself . +Nevertheless , all theories and techniques lead but to one of two possible modes of expression , if they lead to a market committment at all . +In the final analysis , then , the user becomes either a bull or a bear in a given instance , notwithstanding any amount of forethought and calculation , however elaborate . +Thus while his theory or technique may not be oversubscribed , it is commonplace for bullish and bearish positions to become temporarily over-subscribed . +Though the methods of deciding may be profound and diverse , the possible conclusions remain but two . +

+

Chapter 6 , more methods +the hoaxes +The purpose set forth at the beginning of this book was first to introduce the reader to a general background knowledge of the various types and capabilities of the forecasting methods already in use , so that he might then be in a position to evaluate for himself the validity of the rather astonishing empirical correlation that is to follow , and to appraise the forecast that its interpretation suggests for the future of farm prices over the years immediately ahead . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j41.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j41.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d6ca230a1e7db84dd4ca287c6bc875cfc54df815 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j41.xml @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +Sample J41 from Allan J. Braff and Roger F. Miller, "Wage-Price Policies Under + Public Pressure," Southern Economic Journal, xxviii: 2 (1961), + 163-165. A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,024 words 17 (0.8%) quotes 8 symbolsJ41

Copyright by Southern Economic Association.

Allan J. Braff and Roger F. Miller, "Wage-Price Policies Under + Public Pressure," Southern Economic Journal, xxviii: 2 (1961), + 163-165.

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Wage-price policies of industry are the result of a complex of forces -- no single explanation has been found which applies to all cases . +The purpose of this paper is to analyze one possible force which has not been treated in the literature , but which we believe makes a significant contribution to explaining the wage-price behavior of a few very important industries . +While there may be several such industries to which the model of this paper is applicable , the authors make particular claim of relevance to the explanation of the course of wages and prices in the steel industry of the United States since World War 2 . +Indeed , the apparent stiffening of the industry's attitude in the recent steel strike has a direct explanation in terms of the model here presented . +

+

The model of this paper considers an industry which is not characterized by vigorous price competition , but which is so basic that its wage-price policies are held in check by continuous critical public scrutiny . +Where the industry's product price has been kept below the `` profit-maximizing '' and `` entry-limiting '' prices due to fears of public reaction , the profit seeking producers have an interest in offering little real resistance to wage demands . +The contribution of this paper is a demonstration of this proposition , and an exploration of some of its implications . +

+

In order to focus clearly upon the operation of this one force , which we may call the effect of `` public-limit pricing '' on `` key '' wage bargains , we deliberately simplify the model by abstracting from other forces , such as union power , which may be relevant in an actual situation . +For expository purposes , this is best treated as a model which spells out the conditions under which an important industry affected with the public interest would find it profitable to raise wages even in the absence of union pressures for higher wages . +

+

Part 1 , below describes this abstract model by spelling out its assumptions . +Part 2 , discusses the operation of the model and derives some significant conclusions . +Part 3 , discusses the empirical relevance and policy implications of the conclusions . +Part 4 , is a brief summary . +The Mathematical Appendix presents the rigorous argument , but is best read after Part 1 , in order that the assumptions underlying the equations may be explicit . +

+

1 , the assumptions of the model +A . +The industry +The industry with which this model is concerned is a basic industry , producing a substantial share of gross national product . +Price competition is lacking . +For the purposes of setting the product price , the industry behaves as a single entity . +In wage negotiations , the industry bargains as a unit with a single union . +B . +The demand for the industry's product +We are concerned with aggregate demand for the industry's product . +The manner in which this is shared among firms is taken as given . +In any given time period , the aggregate demand for the industry's product is determined by two things : the price charged by the industry , and the level of Aj . +For the purposes of this discussion , the problem of relative prices is encompassed in these two variables , since GNP includes other prices . +( We abstract here from technological progress and assume that prices of all other products change proportionately . +

+

The form of the industry demand function is one which makes quantity demanded vary inversely with the product price , and vary directly with the level of Aj . +C . +Industry product price policy +The industry of this model is so important that its wage and price policies are affected with a public interest . +Because of its importance , and because the lack of price competition is well recognized , the industry is under considerable public pressure not to raise its price any more than could be justified by cost increases . +The threat of effective anti-trust action , provoked by `` gouging the public '' through price increases not justified by cost increases , and fears of endangering relations with customers , Congress , the general public and the press , all operate to keep price increases in some relation to cost increases . +For the industry of this model , the effect of such public pressures in the past has been to hold the price well below the short-run profit-maximizing price ( given the wage rate and the level of GNP ) , and even below the entry-limited price ( but not below average cost ) . +

+

For such an industry , it is only `` safe '' to raise its price if such an increase is manifestly `` justified '' by rising costs ( due to rising wages , etc. ) . +Thus , if public pressure sets the effective limit to the price that the industry may charge , this pressure is itself a function of the wage rate . +In this model , we abstract from all non-wage sources of cost changes , so that the `` public-limit price '' only rises as the wage rate rises . +In such circumstances , it may well be to the advantage of the industry to allow an increase in the basic wage rate . +

+

Since marginal costs rise when the wage rate rises , the profit-maximizing price also rises when the public-limit price is elevated , and is likely to remain well above the latter . +The entry-limiting price will also be raised for potential domestic competition , but unless general inflation permits profit margins to increase proportionately throughout the economy , we might expect the public-limit price to approach the entry-limit price . +The foreign-entry-limit price would be approached more rapidly , since domestic wage-rates do not enter foreign costs directly . +Where this approach becomes critical , the industry can be expected to put much emphasis on this as evidence of its sincerity in `` resisting '' the wage pressures of a powerful union , requesting tariff relief after it has `` reluctantly '' acceded to the union pressure . +

+

Whether or not it is in the industry's interest to allow the basic wage rate to rise obviously depends upon the extent to which the public-limit price rises in response to a basic wage increase , and the relation of this response to the increase in costs accompanying the wage increase . +The extent to which the public-limit price is raised by a given increase in the basic wage rate is itself a function of three things : the passage of time , the level of GNP , and the size of the wage increase . +

+

We are abstracting from the fact of strikes here , but it should be obvious that the extent to which the public-limit price is raised by a given increase in the basic wage rate is also a function of the show of resistance put up by the industry . +The industry may deliberately take a strike , not to put pressure on the union , but in order to `` educate '' the government and the customers of the industry . +As a strike continues , these parties increase their pressure on the industry to reach an agreement . +They become increasingly willing to accept the price increase that the industry claims the wage bargain would entail . +

+

Public indignation and resistance to wage-price increases is obviously much less when the increases are on the order of 3% per annum than when the increases are on the order of 3% per month . +The simple passage of an additional eleven months' time makes the second 3% boost more acceptable . +Thus , the public-limit price is raised further by a given wage increase the longer it has been since the previous price increase . +Notice , however , that the passage of time does not permit the raising of prices per se , without an accompanying wage increase . +Similarly , higher levels of GNP do not , in themselves , provide grounds for raising prices , but they do relax some of the pressure on the industry so that it can raise prices higher for a given wage increase . +This is not extended to anticipated levels of GNP , however -- only the current level of GNP affects the public pressure against wage-price increases . +Finally , since the public requires some restraint on the part of the companies , larger wage increases call for less than proportionately larger price increases ( e.g. , if a wage increase of 5% allows a price increase of 7% , a wage increase of 10% allows a price increase of something less than 14% ) . +D . +Industry costs +We assume that average total unit cost in the relevant region of operation is constant with respect to quantity produced ( the average cost curve is horizontal , and therefore is identical with the marginal cost curve ) , and is the same for every firm ( and therefore for the industry ) . +The level of this average cost is determined by factor prices , technology , and so forth . +As we have noted , however , we are abstracting from changes in all determinants of this level except for changes in the wage rate . +The level of average cost ( equal to marginal cost ) is thus strictly a function of the wage rate . +E . +Union policies and collective bargaining issues +The single union which faces the industry does not restrict its membership , and there is an adequate supply of labor available to the firms of the industry at the going wage rate . +The union does not regard unemployment of its own members as a matter of concern when setting its own wage policy -- its concern with employment makes itself felt in pressure upon the government to maintain full employment . +

+

The union vigorously demands wage increases from productivity increases , and wage increases to offset cost-of-living increases , but we abstract from these forces here . +For our present purposes we assume that the sole subject of bargaining is the basic wage rate ( not including productivity improvement factors or cost-of-living adjustments ) , and it is this basic wage rate which determines the level of costs . +Productivity is something of an amorphous concept and the amount of productivity increase in a given time period is not even well known to the industry , much less to the union or to the public . +Disagreement on the amount of productivity increase exacerbates the problem of agreeing how an increase in profit margins related to a productivity increase should be shared . +The existence of conflict and of vigorous union demand for an increase in money wages does not contradict the assumption that the union is willing to settle for cost-of-living and productivity-share increases as distinct from a cost-raising increase in the basic wage rate . +

+

We assume further that the union recognizes the possibility that price-level increases may offset wage-rate increases , and it does not entirely disregard the effect of price increases arising from its own wage increases upon the `` real '' wage rate . +For internal political reasons , the union asks for ( and accepts ) increases in the basic wage rate , and would vigorously oppose a reduction in this rate , but the adjustment of the basic wage rate upwards is essentially up to the discretion of the companies of the industry . +

+

Changes in the basic wage rate are cost-raising , and they constitute an argument for raising prices . +However , it is not known to either the union or the public precisely how much of a cost increase is caused by a given change in the basic wage rate , although the companies are presumed to have reliable estimates of this magnitude . +In this model , then , the industry is presumed to realize that they could successfully resist a change in the basic wage rate , but since such a change is the only effective means to raising prices they may , in circumstances to be spelled out in Part 2 , below , find it to their advantage to allow the wage rise . +Thus , for non-negative changes in the basic wage rate , the industry becomes the active wage-setter , since any increase in the basic wage rate can occur only by reason of industry acquiescence . +The presumption in the literature would appear to be that the basic wage rate would be unchanged in this case , on the grounds that it is `` clearly '' not in the interest of the industry to raise wages gratuitously . +From this presumption it is an easy step to the conclusion that any observed increases in the basic wage rate must be due to union behavior different and more aggressive than assumed in our model . +It is this conclusion that we challenge ; ; +we do so by disproving the presumption on which it is based . +

+

2 , the operation of the model +It is convenient to assume that the union-industry contract is of one year's duration . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j43.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j43.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2dfe92f743828fe2d452ba5a478c22ae3a485a15 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j43.xml @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +Sample J43 from Wallace Mendelson, Justices Black and Frankfurter: Conflict in + the Court. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1961. + Pp. 90-96. A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus1,998 words 452 (22.6%) quotes 2 symbolsJ43

Copyright The University of Chicago Press.

 Wallace Mendelson, Justices Black and Frankfurter: Conflict in + the Court. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1961. + Pp. 90-96.

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Mr. Justice Black was one of the minority that rested on the Article 1 , power . +In this view , supported by only three members of the Court , a power denied by the specific provisions of Article 3 , was granted by the generality of Article 1 . +If this seems arbitrary , its effect was to treat citizens of the District of Columbia equally with citizens of the states -- at the expense of expanding a troublesome jurisdiction . +

+

Federal question jurisdiction +For almost a hundred years we relied upon state courts ( subject to review by the Supreme Court ) for the protection of most rights arising under national law . +Then in 1875 , apparently in response to the nationalizing influence of the Civil War , Congress first gave the lower federal courts general authority -- concurrently with state tribunals -- to decide cases involving federal-right questions . +One purpose of the change was to attain sympathetic enforcement of rights insured by the Civil War amendments against state interference . +Serious difficulty arose with the advent of Substantive Due Process . +An amendment , presumably designed to deal with the problems of newly freed slaves , became a `` laissez-faire '' limitation upon state economic policy . +A flood of federal lower court injunctions seriously impeded the processes of local government . +Congress reacted with a series of measures modifying in various ways what it had granted in 1875 . +In 1910 it required the convening of a special three-judge court for the issuance of certain injunctions and allowed direct appeals to the Supreme Court . +Such legislation was clarified and extended from time to time thereafter . +In 1913 an abortive provision was made for the stay of federal injunction proceedings upon institution of state court test cases . +The essential ineffectiveness of these measures resulted in 1934 in substantial elimination of federal jurisdiction to enjoin state public utility rate orders . +Three years later similar restraints were imposed upon injunctions against collection of state taxes . +This saved for state adjudication , in the first instance , the two major areas where federal injunctions had been most obnoxious , but other areas remained vulnerable . +

+

Meanwhile , the Supreme Court , like Congress , showed misgivings concerning this aspect of government by injunction . +Drawing upon the traditional discretion of the chancellor , Mr. Justice Holmes introduced a series of self-imposed judicial restraints that culminated in Mr. Justice Frankfurter's famous doctrine of abstention . +Whereas the earlier cases turned rather narrowly upon the availability of adequate state remedies , the new emphasis is upon the nature of the state policy at issue . +The classic case is Railroad Commission v. Pullman . +The commission had issued an administrative order which was challenged as discriminatory against Negroes . +Its enforcement was enjoined by a federal trial court . +On review the Supreme Court , via Mr. Justice Frankfurter , found southern racial problems `` a sensitive area of social policy on which the federal courts ought not to enter unless no alternative to adjudication is open '' . +An alternative was found in the vagueness of state law as to whether the offending order had in fact been authorized . +Reluctant , as usual , to interpret state legislation -- such interpretation can only be a `` forecast rather than a determination '' -- Mr. Justice Frankfurter led a unanimous Court to vacate the injunction . +But it is crucial that here , unlike Burford , the trial court was ordered to retain the case until the state courts had had a reasonable opportunity to settle the state-law question . +`` The resources of equity are equal to an adjustment that will avoid the waste of a tentative decision as well as the friction of a premature constitutional adjudication '' . +

+

Temporary abstention , i.e. , postponement , is one thing ; ; +refusal to adjudicate is another . +To the extent that the jurisdictional principle of 1875 stands unmodified by subsequent legislation , federal equitable relief against state action must be available -- or so it seems to Mr. Justice Frankfurter . +In Alabama Public Service Commission v. Southern Ry. Co. , the commission had refused to permit abandonment of certain `` uneconomic '' train facilities . +The railroad , claiming deprivation of property without due process of law , sought injunctive relief . +The Court held that federal jurisdiction should not be exercised lest the domestic policy of the state be obstructed ; ; +this in the name of equitable discretion . +

+

Justices Frankfurter and Jackson concurred in the Court's result , for they found no merit in the railroad's claim . +But they objected vigorously to the proposition that federal courts may refuse to exercise jurisdiction conferred in a valid act of Congress : +

+

`` By one fell swoop the Court now finds that Congress indulged in needless legislation in the acts of 1910 , 1913 , 1925 , 1934 and 1937 . +By these measures , Congress , so the Court ( in effect ) now decides , gave not only needless but inadequate relief , since it now appears that the federal courts have inherent power to sterilize the Act of 1875 against all proceedings challenging local regulation '' . +

+

A most revealing recent case is Textile Workers Union v. Lincoln Mills . +The Taft-Hartley Act gave the federal courts jurisdiction over `` suits for violation of contracts between an employer and a labor organization representing employees in an industry affecting commerce '' . +On its face this merely provides a federal forum ; ; +it does not establish any law ( rights ) for the federal judges to enforce . +How can judges exercise jurisdiction to enforce national rights when Congress has created none ? ? +The Court held that Congress had intended the federal judiciary to `` fashion '' an appropriate law of labor-management contracts . +In short , congressional power to grant federal-question authority to federal courts is now apparently so broad that Congress need not create , or specify , the right to be enforced . +

+

The Lincoln Mills decision authorizes a whole new body of federal `` common law '' which , as Mr. Justice Frankfurter pointed out in dissent , leads to one of the following `` incongruities '' : `` ( ( 1 ) conflict in federal and state court interpretations of collective bargaining agreements ; ; +( 2 ) displacement of state law by federal law in state courts in all actions regarding collective bargaining agreements ; ; +or ( 3 ) exclusion of state court jurisdiction over these matters '' . +The Justice's elaborate examination of the legislative history of the provision in question suggests that Congress' purpose was merely to make unions suable . +With a few exceptions , the lawmakers seemed unaware of the technical problems of federal jurisdiction involved -- to say nothing of the delegation of lawmaking power to judges . +To avoid these constitutional difficulties , Mr. Justice Frankfurter was prepared to read the Taft-Hartley provision as concerned with diversity , rather than federal question , jurisdiction . +This would satisfy what presumably was Congress' major purpose -- the suability of unions . +It would also leave intact the states' traditional authority in the realm of contract law . +( As we have seen , the Erie and York decisions require federal courts in diversity cases to follow state decisional rules . +) Here again Mr. Justice Frankfurter could not lightly accept the principle of wholesale judicial legislation . +If Congress wants to displace the states from areas which they have customarily occupied , let it do so knowingly and explicitly . +And let it do its own lawmaking and not leave that to federal judges . +Does Lincoln Mills suggest that if Congress granted jurisdiction over interstate divorce cases , the federal courts would be authorized to fashion a national law for the dissolution of marriages ? ? +

+

There is a common problem behind most of these federal question and diversity cases . +Congress has not clearly defined the bounds between state and federal court competence . +It has the power to do so but for the most part has left the matter for solution by judges on a case-by-case basis . +A careful student has suggested that `` In any new revision ( of the Judicial Code ) the legislators would do well to remember that the allocation of power to the federal courts should be limited to those matters in which their expertise in federal law might be used , leaving to the state judiciaries the primary obligation of pronouncing state law '' . +Obviously , the goal here proposed is the guiding principle in Mr. Justice Frankfurter's opinions -- to the extent that Congress leaves the problem to judicial discretion . +The same rule of specialization and division of labor guides him in the FELA certiorari cases , in the administrative law area , and indeed in the whole realm of judicial review . +Mr. Justice Black no doubt concurs in principle but is more apt to make exceptions to achieve a generous and `` just '' result . +He will not be `` fooled by technicalities '' . +

+

Federal review of state decisions +With few exceptions , Congress has not given federal courts exclusive authority to enforce rights arising under federal law . +To put it differently , state and federal courts have concurrent jurisdiction with respect to most claims of federal right . +To insure uniformity in the meaning of national law , however , state interpretations are subject to Supreme Court review . +It may be noted , parenthetically , that to evade `` desegregation '' an ex-Justice and former southern governor has urged Congress to abolish this reviewing authority . +The result , of course , would be that federal law inevitably would mean different things in different states . +It would also probably mean different things within the same state -- depending upon what court ( state or federal ) rendered decision . +

+

We consider here only a few of many problems involved in this crucial federal-state relationship . +The first is that enforcement of national law in state litigation raises in reverse the old diversity puzzle of the relation of procedure to substance . +Subject to certain constitutional restraints in favor of fair trials , each level of government is free to devise its own judicial procedures . +Litigants who choose to assert federal claims in a state court go into that court subject to its rules of procedure . +A similar canon applies to those who press state claims in federal tribunals , e.g. , in diversity cases . +In an FELA controversy the state court followed established state procedure by construing a vague complaint `` most strongly against '' the complainant . +In other words the burden of pleading clearly rested upon the pleader by state law . +The result was that the plaintiff's case was dismissed . +Mr. Justice Black led a reversing majority : `` Strict local rules of pleading cannot be used to impose unnecessary burdens upon rights of recovery authorized by federal law '' . +Here , as in the Byrd case , another element of state procedure was subsumed to federal judge-made law . +Justices Frankfurter and Jackson dissented : `` One State may cherish formalities more than another , one State may be more responsive than another to procedural reforms . +If a litigant chooses to enforce a Federal right in a State court , he cannot be heard to object if he is treated exactly as are plaintiffs who press like claims arising under State law with regard to the form in which the claim must be stated -- the particularity , for instance , with which a cause of action must be described . +Federal law , though invoked in a State court , delimits the Federal claim -- defines what gives a right to recovery and what goes to prove it . +But the form in which the claim must be stated need not be different from what the State exacts in the enforcement of like obligations created by it , so long as a requirement does not add to , or diminish , the right as defined by Federal law , nor burden the realization of this right in the actualities of litigation '' . +

+

Another problem in the area of federal-state relationships is this : what constitutes reversible error in a state decision ? ? +Terminiello v. Chicago involved a conviction for disorderly conduct under a local ordinance . +The conduct in question was a speech . +The accused did not object to the trial court's charge to the jury that discourse `` may constitute a breach of the peace if it stirs the public to anger , invites dispute , brings about a condition of unrest . +'' For present purposes it may be assumed that this charge so narrowly limited speech as to violate the federal Constitution . +Though the accused raised many other objections , he did not object on this crucial point at any stage of the proceedings . +That is , he did not claim in any of the four courts through which his case progressed that the jury charge had denied him any federal right . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j44.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j44.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9b9c59f2979b9e25391930f28ac58bba70f3de76 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j44.xml @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +Sample J44 from J. Mitchell Reese, Jr., Reorganization Transfers and Survival + of Tax Attribute," Tax Law Review, 16 (1961), 210-215. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,026 words 34 (1.7%) quotes 3 symbolsJ44

Copyright New York University School of Law. Used by permission. 0010-1880

 J. Mitchell Reese, Jr., Reorganization Transfers and Survival + of Tax Attribute," Tax Law Review, 16 (1961), 210-215. +

Typographical Error: depeciation [0070]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

How else can one explain , for example , allowing the survival of the right to amortize bond discount and premium ( section 381(c)(9) ) , but not the right to amortize bond issue expenses ; ; +or allowing a deduction for payment of certain obligations of a transferor assumed in the reorganization ( section 381(c)(16) ) , but not a deduction for theft losses sustained by a transferor prior to a reorganization but discovered after it ; ; +or requiring a transferor to carry over its method of depreciation ( section 381(c)(6) ) , but not allowing rapid amortization of emergency facilities transferred in a reorganization ; ; +or allowing survival of a dividend carryover to a personal holding company ( section 381(c)(14) ) , but not carryover of excess tax credits for foreign taxes ? ? +

+

These items , and most of the others listed above , seem quite comparable to items whose right of survival is provided for in section 381 . +There does not seem to be any reasonable basis for distinction either in terms of the nature of the tax attribute or in terms of tax-avoidance possibilities . +With respect to items such as these the provisions of section 381(c) , viewed in historical perspective , suggest a rule requiring survival , whether the items are beneficial or detrimental to the surviving corporation . +To this extent some stretching of the literal meaning of the Committee Report seems justified , since the literal meaning conflicts with the clear implication , if not the language , of the statute . +

+

It is not contended that section 381 should prescribe the survival of all of the transferor's tax attributes . +Such an interpretation could not be justified by a construction of the statute alone ; ; +it would certainly violate the intention of Congress as expressed in the Committee Report ; ; +and in at least one instance , involving refund claims , it might be contrary to another provision of the United States Code . +

+

Refund claims +Section 203 of the United States Code voids an assignment of a claim against the Government unless made after it has been allowed , the amount due has been ascertained , and a warrant for its payment has been issued . +If it were not for judicial development of certain exceptions , this section would prohibit a suit for refund by an acquiring corporation for taxes paid by a transferor corporation , even though the reorganization meets the requirements of section 381(a) . +

+

A clearly recognized exception is a statutory merger or consolidation . +The leading case , Seaboard Air Line Railway v. United States , held that the transferee could sue for a refund of taxes paid by the transferor , and it has been consistently followed . +The Court said the purpose of the section was principally to spare the Government the embarrassment and trouble of dealing with several parties , one of them a stranger to the claim , and to prevent traffic in claims , particularly tenuous claims , against the Government . +Neither reason , said the Court , applied to the case at hand ; ; +furthermore , Congress could not be presumed to have intended to obstruct mergers approved by the states . +Other exceptions are assignments for the benefit of creditors , corporate dissolutions , transfers by descent , or transfers by subrogation . +Exceptions are often classified as transfers by `` operation of law '' . +

+

A tax-free reorganization not complying with the merger or consolidation statutes of the states involved is difficult to fit into an `` operation of law '' mold . +Although it is in some ways comparable to a voluntary sale of assets for cash , to which section 203 quite clearly applies , the courts and Treasury have held that acquiring corporations in several types of non-taxable reorganizations may sue for refund of taxes paid by transferors . +A recent case in point is Mitchell Canneries v. United States , in which a claim against the Government was transferred first from a corporation to a partnership , whose partners were former stockholders , and then to another corporation formed by the partners . +Holding the final corporation entitled to sue on the claim , the Court cited the Seaboard , Novo Trading , and Roomberg cases for the proposition that `` transfers by operation of law or in conjunction with changes of corporate structure are not assignments prohibited by the statute '' . +

+

In an earlier case , Kingan & Co. v. United States , an American corporation was formed for the purpose of acquiring the stock of a British corporation in exchange for its own stock and then liquidating the British corporation . +The anti-assignment statute was held not to prevent the American corporation from suing for a refund of taxes paid by the British corporation . +The transaction presumably would have qualified under section 368(a)(1) as a contractual reorganization , followed by a section 332 liquidation , but not under section 368(a)(1) as a statutory merger of consolidation . +The Court , nevertheless , relied on the Seaboard case and also mentioned that the shareholders of the two corporations were the same . +In substance , said the Court , there was no transfer of equitable title . +

+

The Treasury arrives at substantially the same conclusion , but skirts the problem of section 203 of the United States Code . +Revenue Ruling 54-17 provides that if the corporation against which a tax was assessed has since been liquidated by merger with a successor corporation , a claim for refund should be filed by the successor in the name and on behalf of the corporation which paid the tax , followed by the name of the successor corporation . +Proper evidence of the liquidation and succession must also be filed . +If the succession is a matter of public record , certificates of the Secretaries of State or other public officials having custody of the documents will suffice ; ; +if the succession is not of record , all documents relating to such succession , properly certified , are required . +The former proof seems applicable to a statutory merger or consolidation , the latter to a contractual acquisition . +The Ruling would not , however , apply to an acquisition of assets for cash . +A recent Ruling , although rather confusing , cites and follows Rev. Rul. 54-17 . +The Ruling suggests also that it applies to either a statutory or contractual reorganization . +Hence , a successor corporation in a C reorganization appears entitled to sue for a refund of taxes paid by the merged corporation despite section 203 . +

+

In a B reorganization , followed by a section 332 liquidation , those cases which hold that section 203 is inapplicable to transfers in liquidation appear to permit the successor corporation to sue for refund of taxes paid by the transferor . +In fact , a cash purchase of a corporation's stock followed by liquidation might also be an effective way to transfer a claim for refund if the Kimbell-Diamond doctrine is not applied to eliminate the intermediate step . +

+

These results appear sound . +As stated in Seaboard and numerous other cases , the two primary reasons for the enactment of section 203 of the United States Code were to prevent the Government from having to deal with more than one claimant and to prevent the assignment of meretricious claims on a contingent-fee basis . +The cases have allowed transfer of claims if beneficial ownership is not changed . +The first reason would never apply to a reorganization transfer which meets the conditions of section 381(a) , which is the only type presently under discussion . +Section 381(a) applies only to a transfer by liquidation of a subsidiary owned to the extent of at least 80 per cent , a statutory merger or consolidation , an acquisition of substantially all a corporation's assets solely in exchange for voting stock , or a change of identity , form , or place of organization . +In virtually every case the transferor corporation is liquidated , and its former stockholders either own outright , or have a continuing stock interest in , the assets which gave rise to the tax . +In these circumstances the possibility of multiple or conflicting claims is exceedingly remote . +Furthermore , in a C reorganization the continuing interest of stockholders of the corporation which paid the tax must be greater than is necessary in a statutory merger , to which the statute is clearly inapplicable . +

+

Nor is it at all likely that a `` desperate '' claim against the Government will be assigned on a contingent-fee basis in the guise of a tax-free reorganization . +If the transferor has substantial assets other than the claim , it seems reasonable to assume no corporation would be willing to acquire all of its properties in the dim hope of collecting a claim for refund of taxes . +If such an unlikely transaction were to take place , it would more logically be accomplished by a stock purchase , followed by the prosecution of the claim by the wholly-owned subsidiary , followed by liquidation . +In the rare case where a corporation's only substantial asset , or its most important one , is a claim for refund , perhaps its transfer should not be permitted , whether the reorganization takes the form of a statutory merger or of the acquisition of assets for stock . +

+

It appears , then , that although the matter is not dealt with in section 381(c) , a successor corporation in a reorganization of a type specified in section 381(a) is entitled to sue for refund of taxes paid by a transferor corporation . +Section 203 of the United States Code has been interpreted as not applying to claims against the Government transferred in tax-free reorganizations . +The successor corporations have been held entitled to sue on such claims . +

+

Other tax attributes of the transferor +There are certain tax attributes of a corporation whose nature and effect might depend on the facts of the particular reorganization involved . +For example , property `` used in the trade or business '' of a transferor corporation , as defined in section 1231 , presumably would not retain its special status following a non-taxable reorganization if it is not so used in the business of the acquiring corporation . +The parent of a group filing consolidated returns might be treated as the same corporation following a reorganization defined in section 368(a)(1) , but as a different corporation for this purpose after a tax-free acquisition by another corporation which had not , for example , elected to file consolidated returns with its own subsidiaries . +Similar considerations presumably made it difficult to prescribe a general rule where the acquired and acquiring corporations have different methods of accounting ( section 381(c)(4) ) or depreciation ( section 381(c)(6) ) . +

+

Other sections of the 1954 Internal Revenue Code provide for survival of certain of a transferor's tax attributes following a tax-free reorganization . +Section 362 requires carryover of the transferor corporation's basis for property transferred , and section 1223 provides for tacking on the transferor's holding period for such property to that of the transferee . +Section 169 permits a person acquiring grain-storage facilities to elect to continue amortization over a 60-month period . +However , a similar privilege was not specifically provided in section 168 for a person acquiring emergency facilities . +Attributes similar to a loss carryover . +

+

There may be certain items which are quite similar to a net operating loss carryover or operating deficit and whose right to survive a reorganization should perhaps be subject to the conditions applicable to those items . +For example , suppose another excess profits tax similar to prior laws is enacted , providing for carryover of excess profits credits . +This carryover right has a number of things in common with a net operating loss carryover . +It is an averaging device intended to ease the tax burden of fluctuating income ; ; +it is a tax benefit which might be of substantial value to a corporation which expects to have a high excess profits tax . +Under the 1939 Code this item was permitted to survive a tax-free reorganization in the Stanton Brewery case , but only over the dissent of Judge Learned Hand , who wrote the majority opinion in the Sansome case , a leading case requiring carryover of earnings and profits in a non-taxable reorganization . +

+

Since this type of item was not in the statute when section 381 was enacted in 1954 , one cannot say with certainty what effect the enactment of that section should have . +With respect to this type of item , one might properly apply the language of the Committee Report , quoted above , which cautions against using section 381 as a basis for treating other tax attributes not mentioned therein . +

+

Actually , there do not presently appear to be items in the statute comparable to a net operating loss carryover . +Probably the primary reason for special treatment of a net operating loss carryover is the unique opportunity it presents for tax avoidance . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j45.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j45.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1e7242c686616cdb3a8dc8ff305757aadf603460 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j45.xml @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +Sample J45 from Albert N. Schrieber et al., Defence Procurement and Small + Business. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1961. + Pp. 7-13. A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus1,995 words 4 (0.2%) quotes 31 symbolsJ45

Copyright authors. Used by permission. 0010-1910

 Albert N. Schrieber et al., Defence Procurement and Small + Business. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1961. + Pp. 7-13.

Arbitrary Hyphen: key-punched [1670]Note: key punching [1680]Typographical Error: questionaire [0810]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

A . +Reasons for selecting mail questionnaire method +There were two methods that could have been used for conducting the study within the resources available : ( 1 ) interviews in depth with a few selected companies , and ( 2 ) the more limited interrogation of a large number of companies by means of a mail questionnaire . +

+

While the method of interviewing a small number of companies was appealing because of the opportunity it might have furnished to probe fully the reasons and circumstances of a company's practices and opinions , it also involved the risk of paying undue attention to the unique and peculiar problems of just a few individual companies . +As a result , it was decided that a mail questionnaire sent to a large number of companies would be more effective in determining the general practices and opinions of small firms and in highlighting some of the fundamental and recurring problems of defense procurement that concern both industry and government . +It was also hoped that responses to a mail questionnaire would suggest fruitful inquiries that might be made in subsequent studies of a more detailed nature . +

+

It is recognized that a mail questionnaire has inherent limitations . +There is the danger that the questions will mean different things to different respondents . +Simple `` yes '' or `` no '' answers do not reveal the different shades of opinion that the various respondents may have . +A respondent may want to make alternative answers because he does not know the precise circumstances assumed in the question . +There is also the problem of the respondent's frame of reference . +Is the respondent making a recommendation for his own benefit , for the benefit of his industry , for the benefit of a specific government department or service , for the benefit of the defense program , for the benefit of small business , or for the benefit of the taxpayers ? ? +

+

There is also the question of whether the respondent based his answers on factual information and carefully considered judgment , or whether his answers were casual guesses . +Finally , there is the question of how strongly an expressed opinion is held -- whether it is a firm opinion or one that the respondent favors only slightly over the alternatives . +

+

The research team was very mindful of these dangers and limitations of a mail questionnaire . +Under the circumstances , however , the team considered it would provide the most useful information at this point . +In the preparation of the questionnaire the problems noted above were carefully considered , and the structure and phraseology used were designed to minimize the effects of these limitations . +

+

B . +Design of the questionnaire +The questionnaire was designed to elicit three types of information : ( 1 ) the facts regarding certain characteristics of the respondents , including their experience with , and interest in , securing defense business ; ; +( 2 ) the actual selling and buying practices of the respondents ; ; +and ( 3 ) the attitudes and opinions of the respondents concerning bidding procedures and the methods of awarding defense contracts . +It was hoped that the facts concerning the characteristics and practices of the respondents would offer clues to the reasons why they took the positions and made the recommendations which they did . +

+

The major sections of the questionnaire ( see Appendix B ) are devoted to the following : 1 . +

+

Information for classifying respondents ( Part A of the questionnaire ) 2 . +

+

Characteristics of defense sales activities ( Part B of the questionnaire ) 3 . +

+

Respondents' practices in participating in advertised bidding for defense business ( Part C of the questionnaire ) 4 . +

+

Respondents' practices in participating in negotiated bidding for defense purposes ( Part D of the questionnaire ) 5 . +

+

Respondents' opinions regarding advertised bidding ( Part E of the questionnaire ) 6 . +

+

Respondents' opinions regarding negotiated bidding ( Part F of the questionnaire ) 7 . +

+

Respondents' preferences regarding the methods of awarding defense contracts ( Part G of the questionnaire ) +

+

The questionnaire provided a place for the name of the respondent but stated that identification of the respondent was optional . +The questionnaire also stated that , in any event , all replies would be treated confidentially . +It is interesting to note that 75 per cent of those who returned the questionnaire identified themselves . +

+

C . +Preparation and pretest of the questionnaire +The research team prepared and then revised the questionnaire over a period of six months . +In June , 1960 , an early draft of the questionnaire , along with a cover letter , was mailed to fourteen companies in the state of Washington . +Several days after the companies had received the questionnaire , members of the research team contacted the presidents of eleven of these companies in person or by phone to discuss any ambiguities or difficulties the addressees might have experienced in completing the questionnaire . +This test resulted in further revisions of the questionnaire . +

+

The research team was concerned that responses from firms in the state of Washington might not be typical of those throughout the country , or that the results might be different when no phone or personal follow-up was made . +Accordingly , another test of the questionaire was made . +The revised draft was mailed in July , 1960 , to 100 firms throughout the United States . +Fifty of the 100 firms were selected on a random basis from 3,500 names submitted by member companies of the Aerospace Industries Association ( AIA list ) and fifty were selected in a similar manner from a list of 1,500 names compiled by the research team from the Thomas Register ( TR list ) . +The method of compiling the AIA and TR lists will be described later . +

+

Ten days after the questionnaires were mailed , follow-up airmail postcards were sent urging those companies which had not yet returned their questionnaires to do so at once . +Twenty-eight returns in all were received . +The responses were carefully checked for obvious errors in the answers or for questions that were apparently not understood by the respondent . +The cover letter , questionnaire , and follow-up postcard were then revised into final form ( see Appendixes A , B , and C ) . +

+

D . +Compilation of mailing lists +The objective of the study was to determine the opinions and practices of small firms selling to defense programs . +The firms to receive the questionnaires were selected with this objective in mind . +

+

Three lists of companies were made and used in the study . +

+

The first was a list of fourteen manufacturing companies located in the state of Washington which were personally known to the research team to be active in defense work . +The primary consideration in the compilation of this list was convenience in discussing the questionnaire with company officers . +

+

The second list was derived from a group of approximately 8,000 names supplied to the research team by the Aerospace Industries Association . +These names were secured from member companies by the Association from the forty-four sources listed in Appendix Aj . +Each source selected from its approved bidders list about 200 firms which it believed to be small businesses that participated in the production of weapons and weapon support systems . +Where possible , the name of an executive was supplied along with the company name and address . +

+

The forty-four lists supplied by the AIA member companies were merged and duplicate names were eliminated . +There was further elimination of all companies that were not accompanied by the name of a responsible company executive . +The remaining names were then checked against the Thomas Register list ( see below ) and duplicate names were removed from the AIA lists . +By these steps the final AIA list was reduced from 8,000 to 3,500 . +

+

The third list was selected by the research team on a random basis from the Thomas Register . +It was compiled as a control sample to determine if the opinions and practices of companies on the lists submitted by the members of the Aerospace Industries Association were materially different from those of other small firms selling to defense programs . +Such a difference might have resulted from : 1 . +

+

The fact that the Aerospace Industries Association members whose lists were used did not comprise all firms engaged in defense programs . +2 . +

+

The fact that companies on the AIA lists were already participating in the defense program because of the manner of their selection . +Accordingly , as `` in-group '' , they might have different opinions and practices than an `` out-group '' composed of those companies not so participating but interested in defense business . +3 . +

+

The fact that AIA lists might not have been selected on a random basis . +

+

The control sample was selected by taking the bottom name of each of the two columns of names on each page of the alphabetical listing of manufacturers in the Thomas Register . +If the bottom name in each column did not have a responsible executive identified , the next name above which identified such a responsible executive was substituted . +Fifteen hundred names were selected in this fashion . +

+

E . +Mailing the questionnaire +Each questionnaire was mailed with a cover letter addressed personally to the president or other executive of each firm . +The questionnaires were mailed in Seattle , Washington , and sent by regular mail to addresses in the states of Idaho , Montana , Oregon , and Washington . +Airmail was used for the addresses outside the Pacific Northwest . +

+

Each letter contained a postage-prepaid return envelope by regular mail for addresses in the Pacific Northwest , and by airmail for those outside the Pacific Northwest . +Approximately ten days after the questionnaire was mailed , a follow-up airmail postcard was sent to each of the original names . +

+

The first test mailing ( to 14 companies ) was made in June , 1960 . +The second test mailing ( to 100 companies ) was made in July , 1960 . +The final mailing of the questionnaire was made late in August , 1960 , to 4,900 firms consisting of 3,450 from the AIA list and 1,450 from the TR list . +

+

F . +Returns received +Over 1,000 returns were received within two weeks after the final mailing was made . +They continued to arrive until the end of December , 1960 , by which time a total of 1,343 returns were received representing 26.8 per cent of the 5,014 questionnaires sent out . +Fifty-seven returns could not be used because they were incomplete or received too late to be processed . +The remaining 1,286 returns that were processed came from the categories in Table 2 . +

+

G . +Processing the returns +Each questionnaire was audited for obvious mistakes and for comments , and was identified by a serial number , by the source list from which the company name was selected , and by the geographical location of the company as determined by the postmark on the return envelope . +All responses , except comments , were numerically coded to permit use of data-processing equipment . +The codes were key-punched into IBM punch cards and verified . +Each return required three cards and involved key punching 228 digital columns . +In order to be able to properly relate the data for a single company each of the three cards comprising the set for each firm was identified with the appropriate serial number of the respondent . +The cards were then processed using standard IBM punch card equipment , including an IBM 650 computer . +

+

The first step in processing was to analyze the returns from Questions 1 , 2 , and 3 to determine whether the respondents were large businesses or small businesses , in accordance with the definitions contained in ASPR Section 1-701 . +( see Chapter 2 . +) The results are shown in Table 3 . +

+

The returns from companies classified as large businesses were set aside and not used because they were not relevant to a study of the opinions and practices of small firms . +

+

The second step in processing was to compare the responses from companies on the AIA list with those from companies on the TR list in order to determine whether it would be appropriate to merge the responses for the purposes of the study . +The methods and results of this comparative analysis are described in Appendix Aj . +It was concluded that it would be appropriate to process the two groups of responses as a single sample of all small businesses engaged in , or wishing to sell to , defense programs . +In the first place , the two groups of firms , when combined , had characteristics and practices that were more representative of companies that were the subject of this study than did the firms from the AIA list alone . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j46.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j46.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3bb51a7a4afd8620798622f4779a0bca387ff26f --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j46.xml @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +Sample J46 from Irving Perluss, "Agricultural Labor Disputes in California - 1960" + Employment Security Review, 28: 1 (January, 1961), 5-7. +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,020 words 30 (1.5%) quotes 10 symbolsJ46

Irving Perluss, "Agricultural Labor Disputes in California - 1960" + Employment Security Review, 28: 1 (January, 1961), 5-7. +

Typographical Error: sucess [0230] 0010-1870

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The vast Central Valley of California is one of the most productive agricultural areas in the world . +During the summer of 1960 , it became the setting for a bitter and basic labor-management struggle . +

+

The contestants in this economic struggle are the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee ( AWOC ) of the AFL-CIO and the agricultural employers of the State . +By virtue of the legal responsibilities of the Department of Employment in the farm placement program , we necessarily found ourselves in the middle between these two forces . +It is not a pleasant or easy position , but one we have endeavored to maintain . +We have sought to be strictly neutral as between the parties , but at the same time we have been required frequently to rule on specific issues or situations as they arose . +

+

Inevitably , one side was pleased and the other displeased , regardless of how we ruled . +Often the displeased parties interpreted our decision as implying favoritism toward the other . +We have consoled ourselves with the thought that this is a normal human reaction and is one of the consequences of any decision in an adversary proceeding . +It is disconcerting , nevertheless , to read in a labor weekly , `` Perluss knuckles down to growers '' , and then to be confronted with a growers' publication which states , `` Perluss recognizes obviously phony and trumped-up strikes as bona fide '' . +

+

For a number of years , there have been sporadic attempts in California to organize farm workers . +These attempts met with little sucess for a variety of reasons . +They were inadequately financed , without experienced leadership , and lacked the general support of organized labor as a whole . +This past year the pattern has been different : The organizing program had the full support of the AFL-CIO , which supplied staff and money to the AWOC , as well as moral support . +Leadership was experienced and skillful , and financial resources were significant . +Regardless of where personal sympathies may lie as between the parties , failure to recognize these changed conditions would be to ignore the facts of life . +

+

As a result of these changed conditions , the impact of the organizational effort on agricultural labor-management relations has been much greater than in the past . +The AWOC has been able to employ the traditional weapons of labor -- the strike and the picket line -- with considerable success , particularly in the area of wages . +

+

By the very nature of the situation , it is the union which has been able to select the time and place to bring pressure upon management . +To date , at least , the strategy of the AWOC has been selective ; ; +that is to say , to concentrate on a particular crop or activity in a particular area at a strategic time , rather than any broadside engagement with management throughout an area or the State . +

+

Primarily , we became involved in these disputes because of our referral obligations under our farm placement program . +Normally , because agricultural labor is not covered by unemployment insurance , we would not expect any issues to arise regarding benefit payments under the trade dispute provision of the Unemployment Insurance Code , although such a situation is quite within the realm of possibility . +But the current issues arose out of the Wagner-Peyser Act concerning referrals to an establishment where a labor dispute exists , and out of Public Law 78 and the Migrant Labor Agreement if Mexican nationals were employed at the ranch . +

+

Most of us remember and think of the Wagner-Peyser Act in its historical sense , as a major milestone in the development of public placement services . +Infrequently do we think of it as a living , continuing , operating control over the system . +However , when labor disputes arise , its provisions come clearly into play . +California has accepted the provisions of that Act ( as have all other States ) by enacting into our Code ( Section 2051 ) a provision that +

+

The State of California accepts the provisions of the Wagner-Peyser Act , and will observe and comply with the requirements of that act . +

+

With respect to labor disputes , the Wagner-Peyser Act states only , +

+

In carrying out the provisions of this Act , the Secretary is authorized and directed to provide for the giving of notice of strikes or lock-outs to applicants before they are referred to employment . +

+

Other provisions of the Act empower the Secretary to adopt regulations necessary to carry out its provisions , and he has done so . +The pertinent regulation for our purposes is Section 602.2 ( , ) , as follows : +

+

Referrals in labor dispute situations . +No person shall be referred to a position the filling of which will aid directly or indirectly in filling a job which ( 1 ) is vacant because the former occupant is on strike or is being locked out in the course of a labor dispute , or ( 2 ) the filling of which is an issue in a labor dispute . +With respect to positions not covered by subparagraph ( 1 ) or ( 2 ) of this paragraph , any individual may be referred to a place of employment in which a labor dispute exists , provided he is given written notice of such dispute prior to or at the time of his referral . +

+

In analyzing this regulation , let us take the last sentence first . +It permits referrals under certain circumstances even when there is a labor dispute , provided the individual is given written notice of such a dispute . +Assume , for example , a situation where a farm has a packing shed and fields . +The packing shed workers go on strike . +There is no dispute involving fieldwork . +We concluded that we may refer workers to the fieldwork ( but not the packing shed work ) provided we give them written notice of the packing shed dispute . +So far , no troublesome cases have arisen under this provision . +

+

It is the first part of the Regulation that is currently at issue . +Note that it prohibits referrals under either condition ( 1 ) or condition ( 2 ) . +Employer representatives have contended that the Secretary has gone beyond his authority by such a prohibition , on the grounds that the Wagner-Peyser Act requires only written notice to the prospective worker that a dispute exists . +

+

Into court +The matter got into the courts this way : One of the early strikes called by the AWOC was at the DiGiorgio pear orchards in Yuba County . +We found that a labor dispute existed , and that the workers had left their jobs , which were then vacant because of the dispute . +Accordingly , under clause ( 1 ) of the Secretary's Regulation , we suspended referrals to the employer . +( Incidentally , no Mexican nationals were involved . +) The employer , seeking to continue his harvest , challenged our right to cease referrals to him , and sought relief in the Superior Court of Yuba County . +The court issued a temporary restraining order , directing us to resume referrals . +We , of course , obeyed the court order . +However , the Attorney General of California , at the request of the Secretary of Labor , sought to have the jurisdiction over the issue removed to the Federal District Court , on grounds that it was predominantly a Federal issue since the validity of the Secretary's Regulation was being challenged . +However , the Federal Court held that since the State had accepted the provisions of the Wagner-Peyser Act into its own Code , and presumably therefore also the regulations , it was now a State matter . +It accordingly refused to assume jurisdiction , whereupon the California Superior Court made the restraining order permanent . +Under that order , we have continued referring workers to the ranch . +A similar case arose at the Bowers ranch in Butte County , and the Superior Court of that county issued similar restraining orders . +

+

The growers have strenuously argued that I should have accepted the Superior Court decisions as conclusive and issued statewide instructions to our staff to ignore this provision in the Secretary's Regulation . +I cannot accept that view , either as a lawyer or as an administrator . +

+

Legal considerations +First , let us examine briefly some of the legal considerations involved . +It is an accepted juridical principle in California that a Superior Court decision does not constitute a binding legal precedent . +It is conclusive , unless appealed , only upon the particular parties to the particular action which was heard . +It is not binding upon another Superior Court , which could rule to the contrary . +Only when a decision is rendered by the District Court of Appeal ( or , of course , the Supreme Court ) is a binding precedent established . +In that event , we can correctly say that we have received an authoritative interpretation of the matter , and one which we can follow statewide with confidence that the policy will not be overthrown in other Superior Courts . +

+

But over and beyond the compelling need for a binding precedent decision , I am convinced that the decisions of the Superior Courts which in effect nullify the Secretary's Regulation are not a correct interpretation of the Secretary's power under the Federal law . +I believe I am in good company in this view . +The Attorney General of California concurs in this interpretation and has filed an appeal from these decisions to the District Court of Appeal . +The Attorney General of the United States , in considering the power of the Secretary to issue similar regulations under the Wagner-Peyser Act relating to the interstate recruitment of farm workers , has rendered an opinion sustaining his authority . +Further , and as an evidence of legislative intent only , the Senate of the United States recently defeated by a substantial majority the `` Holland Amendment '' to the Fair Labor Standards Act , which would have specifically limited the regulatory authority of the Secretary in these matters . +

+

Next , let us consider briefly the program and administrative implications of a failure on our part to pursue our appeals . +

+

There is far too much at stake for all of the parties concerned to leave the matter hanging in midair . +The ramifications of the issue are enormous . +A decision to refer workers to jobs vacant because of a strike would have to be applied equally to nonagricultural situations , and might in effect place the public employment services in the position of acting as strikebreakers . +The public interest is so dominant in such an issue that I cannot be so presumptuous as to attempt to settle it by an administrative order based upon conclusions reached in a summary action in one or two Superior Courts in the State . +It is an issue which may well reach the Supreme Court of the United States before judicial finality is achieved . +

+

As an administrator , I cannot place the Employment Service in California in jeopardy of being out of compliance with the Federal laws by my failure to pursue the avenues of appeal open to me . +To have applied statewide the decisions of the two cases heard in Superior Court , in my opinion , would have placed us clearly out of compliance with the Wagner-Peyser Act and would have immediately opened the way for the Secretary of Labor , were he so inclined , to notify the Governor of such noncompliance , set a date for hearing , and issue his finding . +The impact of noncompliance under the Wagner-Peyser Act is clear : the withdrawal of some $11 million a year of administrative funds which finance our employment service program or , as a corollary , the taking over by the Federal Government of its operation . +

+

Thus far , the cases which have come before the courts have involved only the issue of referral where the job is vacant due to a strike -- condition ( 1 ) in the Regulation of the Secretary . +None has yet arisen under condition ( 2 ) , relating to referral to jobs `` the filling of which is an issue in a labor dispute '' . +

+

Here the problem is essentially one of defining the word `` filling '' . +Should it be defined in a narrow sense to include only such elements as job specifications , union membership , union jurisdiction , and the like ? ? +Or should it have a broader connotation of including wage demands and other factors not necessarily associated with the mechanics of `` filling '' the job . +

+

Because of the uncertainty of this definition , I solicited the interpretation of the Secretary of Labor . +He has advised me that the narrower interpretation is the proper one ; ; +that is , that if wages , for example , is the only issue in a labor dispute , and no workers have left their jobs because of the dispute , we may continue to make referrals . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j47.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j47.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..204b72979be4bbb7a7c296037ae1e061c880b4bb --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j47.xml @@ -0,0 +1,145 @@ +Sample J47 from William B. Ragan, Teaching America's Children. + New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1961. Pp. 76-80. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,011 words 1 (0.0%) quoteJ47

Copyright Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., Used by permission. 0010-1860

 William B. Ragan, Teaching America's Children. + New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1961. Pp. 76-80. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

9 . +

+

Martin and Stendler present evidence that infants and young children can and do solve many problems at a relatively simple perceptual level simply by combining objects and counting them . +After they have developed concepts , they are free from the necessity of manipulating objects ; ; +they do symbolically what they once had to do concretely . +The ability to think seems to increase consistently with age . +One experiment showed the greatest one-year difference occurring between the eleventh and twelfth years . +10 . +

+

Many studies indicate that elementary-school children's interests cover the whole field of science ; ; +that their questions indicate a genuine interest in social processes and events ; ; +and that as they mature their interests and capabilities change and broaden . +Emotional characteristics +How a child feels about himself , about other people , and about the tasks confronting him in school may have as much influence on his success in school as his physical and intellectual characteristics . +A considerable amount of evidence exists to show that an unhappy and insecure child is not likely to do well in school subjects . +Emotional maturity is the result of many factors , the principal ones being the experiences of the first few years of the child's life . +However , the teacher who understands the influence of emotions on behavior may be highly influential in helping pupils gain confidence , security , and satisfaction . +

+

Concerning this responsibility of the teacher , suggestions for helping children gain better control of the emotions are presented in Chapter 11 . +The following generalizations about the emotional characteristics of elementary-school children may be helpful . +1 . +

+

Typically , the young child's emotional reactions last for a relatively short time , as contrasted to those of an adult . +2 . +

+

As the child grows older , his emotional reactions lead to `` moods '' , or emotional states drawn out over a period of time and expressed slowly , rather than in short , abrupt outbursts . +3 . +

+

Studies of the growth and decline of children's fears indicate that fears due to strange objects , noises , falling , and unexpected movement decline during the preschool years , but that fears of the dark , of being alone , and of imaginary creatures or robbers increase . +4 . +

+

Ridiculing a child for being afraid or forcing him to meet the feared situation alone are poor ways of dealing with the problem ; ; +more effective solutions include explanations , the example of another child , or conditioning by associating the feared object , place , or person with something pleasant . +5 . +

+

Children need help in learning to control their emotions . +The young child learns from parents and teachers that temper tantrums , screaming , kicking , and hitting will not get him what he wants ; ; +the older child learns that intense emotional outbursts will not win approval by his peers , and , therefore , makes a real effort to control his emotions . +6 . +

+

Children differ widely in their emotional responses . +Among infants the patterns of emotional responses are similar ; ; +as the influence of learning and environment are felt , emotional behavior becomes individualized . +Social characteristics +Although no national norms exist for the social development of children , the teacher can find a great deal of information concerning types of social behavior normally displayed by children at various age levels . +The following summary will give the student some idea about the social characteristics of elementary-school children ; ; +the student will certainly want to explore more deeply into the fascinating study of immature individuals , struggling to meet their developmental needs , and at the same time trying to learn the rules of the game in the ever-expanding number of groups in which they hold membership . +1 . +

+

During early childhood , children are more interested in the approval of their parents and teachers than they are in the approval of other children ; ; +after they have been in school a few years , their interest in playmates of their own age increases , and their interest in adults decreases ; ; +the child who had once considered it a treat to accompany his parents on picnics and family gatherings now considers it a bore . +In late childhood the influence of the group on the social behavior of the child continues to increase ; ; +the group sets the styles in clothing , the kind of play engaged in , and the ideals of right and wrong behavior . +2 . +

+

In early childhood the choice of a companion is likely to be for another child of his own age or a year or two older , who can do the things he likes to do ; ; +such factors as sex , intelligence , and status in the group do not influence his choice much at this time . +3 . +

+

In later childhood , an interest in team games replaces individual play ; ; +loyalty to the group , a feeling of superiority over those who are not members , and unwillingness to play with members of the opposite sex become dominant traits . +4 . +

+

During early childhood boys tease and bully , on the average , more than girls ; ; +those who feel inferior or insecure engage in these activities more than do well-adjusted children . +5 . +

+

During late childhood boys like to tease , jostle , and talk smart to girls ; ; +girls , who are more mature than boys , frown upon the youthful antics of boys of their own age . +6 . +

+

By the time pupils reach the sixth grade , their ethical and moral standards are fairly well developed ; ; +they exhibit a keen interest in social , political , and economic problems , but they frequently have vague and incorrect notions about the terms they use rather glibly in their routine school work . +7 . +

+

Between the ages of two and four years , negativism or resistance to adult authority is noticeable ; ; +after the fourth year it begins to decline . +However , as we have seen , in later childhood the child begins to substitute the standards of the peer group for those of parents and teachers . +8 . +

+

The elementary-school child grows gradually in his ability to work in groups . +The child in the primary grades can play harmoniously with one companion , but his desire to be first in everything gets him into trouble when the group gets larger ; ; +he wants to be with people , but he hasn't yet learned to cooperate . +In the middle grades , however , he begins to participate more effectively in group activities such as selecting a leader , helping to make plans and carry on group activities , and setting up rules governing the enterprise . +

+

Why the teacher should study the individual pupil +Much progress has been made in the last two decades in developing techniques for understanding children , yet in almost any classroom today can be found children whose needs are not being met by the school program . +Some are failing to achieve as much as their ability would permit ; ; +others never seem able to enter fully into the life of the classroom . +These children have been described as those who were trying to say something to adults who did not understand . +

+

Many school systems now employ school psychologists and child guidance specialists . +These specialists perform valuable services by helping teachers learn to identify children who need special attention , by suggesting ways of meeting the needs of individual children in the regular classroom , and by providing clinical services for severely maladjusted children . +It is the classroom teacher , however , who has daily contacts with pupils , and who is in a unique position to put sound psychological principles into practice . +Indeed , a study of the individual child is an integral part of the work of the elementary-school teacher , rather than merely an additional chore . +

+

Teachers and administrators in many elementary schools have assumed that dividing the pupils in any grade into groups on the basis of test scores solves the problem of meeting the needs of individuals . +What they should recognize is that children who have been placed in one of these groups on a narrow academic basis still differ widely in attributes that influence success , and that they still must be treated as individuals . +Although the teacher must be concerned with maintaining standards , he must also be concerned about understanding differences in ability , background , and experience . +Factors that inhibit learning and lead to maladjustment +Studies conducted in various sections of the United States indicate that many children in elementary schools are maladjusted emotionally , and that many of them are failing to make satisfactory progress in school subjects . +One study , which involved 1,524 pupils in grades one to six , found that 12 percent of the pupils were seriously maladjusted and that 23 percent were reading a year below capacity . +It is apparent , therefore , that the teacher needs to know what factors have a vital bearing on the learning and adjustment of children . +When a child fails to meet the standards of the school in his rate of learning , insecurity , unhappiness , and other forms of maladjustment frequently follow . +These maladjustments in turn inhibit learning , and a vicious cycle is completed . +

+

It is easy for the teacher to rationalize that the child who is not achieving in accordance with his known ability is just plain lazy , or that the child who lacks interest in school , who dislikes the teacher , or who is overaggressive is a hopeless delinquent . +The causes of retardation and maladjustment may be found in physical factors , such as defective speech or hearing , impaired vision , faulty motor coordination , a frail constitution , chronic disease , malnutrition , and glandular malfunctioning . +They may be caused by poor health habits , such as faulty eating and sleeping habits . +They may be related to mental immaturity or lack of aptitude for certain types of school work . +The curriculum may be too difficult for some and too easy for others . +Teaching methods , learning materials , and promotion policies may inhibit learning and lead to maladjustments for some children . +Unwholesome family relations , broken homes , and undesirable community influences may also be contributing factors . +This is only a minimum list of the factors that inhibit learning and contribute to maladjustment among children . +Moreover , these conditions do not influence all children in the same manner . +A vision handicap that may produce nervous tension and reading disability for one child may spur another child on to even greater achievement in reading . +An impoverished home that may discourage one child may constitute the motivation causing another to work harder for successful achievement in school . +At any rate , the teacher who recognizes common causes of retardation and maladjustment can frequently do a great deal to eliminate the causes of pupil discouragement , failure , and maladjustment . +

+

Sources of information about children +Successful teaching involves getting enough information about each pupil to understand why he behaves as he does in certain situations and how his achievement in school is being influenced by various factors in his environment . +The classroom teacher cannot be expected to be as proficient in the use of the techniques of child study as the clinical psychologist ; ; +he cannot be expected to administer all the tests and gather all the information needed about each child in his classroom . +He can be expected , however , to examine and interpret the information already available ; ; +to refine and extend his own techniques for studying individual children ; ; +and to utilize opportunities , arising in connection with regular classroom activities , for gaining a better understanding of his pupils . +This section deals with some of the sources of information that can be tapped by the classroom teacher ; ; +Chapter 15 provides more detailed information about specific techniques used in evaluating pupil progress . +Cumulative records +Most school systems today maintain a system of cumulative records of pupils . +These records , when systematically maintained , provide much information about the children , which the teacher can use in guidance , instruction , grouping , and reporting to parents . +Each teacher has in his classroom a metal file , equipped with a lock , which is used to store cumulative record folders . +During summer vacation periods these records are stored in the office of the principal . +Only the teacher and other professional personnel are permitted to see or use these records . +Each new teacher to whom the pupil goes is expected to study the information in the cumulative record and to bring it up to date . +Some school systems provide written instructions to principals and teachers designating when certain information is to be recorded on cumulative record forms and explaining how the information is to be summarized and used . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j50.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j50.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..52ac7e490a6b1fb402aee50a6df2bd42d7633413 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j50.xml @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +Sample J50 from James C. Bonbright, Principles of Public Utility Rates. + New York: Columbia University Press, 1961. Pp. 342-347. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,050 words 62 (3.0%) quotesJ50

CopyrightColumbia University Press. Used by permission. 0010-1880

 James C. Bonbright, Principles of Public Utility Rates. + New York: Columbia University Press, 1961. Pp. 342-347. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Unfortunately , however , and for reasons to be discussed in the following chapter , no rate relationships can be made completely nondiscriminatory as long as all or some of the rates must be set above marginal costs in order to yield adequate revenues . +And this fact may explain some of the disagreements among the experts as to the more rational formulas for the apportionment of total costs among different units of service . +One such disagreement , which will receive attention in this next chapter , concerns the question whether rates for different kinds of service , in order to avoid the attribute of discrimination , must be made directly proportional to marginal costs , or whether they should be based instead on differences in marginal costs . +Here , the choice is that between the horns of a dilemma . +

+

Two major types of fully distributed cost analysis +1 . +The double-step type +Despite an ambiguity due to its failure clearly to define `` relative costs '' , the above exposition of fully distributed costing goes about as far as one can go toward expressing the basic philosophy of the practice . +For more explicit expositions , one must distinguish different types of analyses . +By all means the most important distinction is that between those total-cost apportionments which superimpose a distribution of admittedly unallocable cost residues on estimates of incremental or marginal costs , and those other apportionments which recognize no difference between true cost allocation and mere total-cost distribution . +

+

The first , or double-step , type might also be called the `` railroad type '' because of its application to railroads ( and other transportation agencies ) by the Cost Section of the Interstate Commerce Commission . +The Cost Section distinguishes between ( directly ) variable costs and constant costs in a manner noted in the preceding chapter . +The variable costs alone are assigned to the different units of freight traffic as representing `` long-run out-of-pocket costs '' -- a term with a meaning here not distinctly different from that of the economist's `` long-run marginal costs '' . +There remains a residue of total costs , or total `` revenue requirements '' which , since it is found to behave as if it were constant over substantial variations in traffic density , is strictly unallocable on a cost-finding basis . +Nevertheless , because the Cost Section has felt impelled to make some kind of a distribution of total costs , it has apportioned this residue , which it sometimes calls `` burden '' , among the units of carload traffic on a basis ( partly ton , partly ton-mile ) which is concededly quite arbitrary from the standpoint of cost determination . +In recent years , this burden ( which includes allowances for revenue deficiencies in the passenger business and in less-than-carload freight traffic ! ! +) has amounted to about one third of those total revenue requirements which the carload freight business is supposed to be called upon to meet . +

+

Since this book is concerned only incidentally with railroad rates , it will not attempt to analyze the methods by which the staff of the Interstate Commerce Commission has estimated out-of-pocket costs and apportioned residue costs . +Suffice it to say that the usefulness of the latter apportionment is questionable . +But in any event , full credit should be given to the Cost Section for its express and overt recognition of a vital distinction too often ignored in utility-cost analyses : namely , that between a cost allocation designed to reflect the actual behavior of costs in response to changes in rates of output of different classes of utility service ; ; +and a mere cost apportionment which somehow spreads among the classes and units of service even those costs that are strictly unallocable from the standpoint of specific cost determination . +2 . +The single-step type +We turn now to a type of fully distributed cost analysis which , unlike the `` railroad type '' , draws no distinction between cost allocation and cost apportionment : the single-step type . +It might be called the `` public utility '' type because of the considerable use to which it has been put in gas and electric utility rate cases . +Here no attempt is made , first to determine out-of-pocket or marginal costs and then to superimpose on these costs `` reasonably distributed '' residues of total costs . +Instead , all of the total costs are treated as variable costs , although these costs are divided into costs that are deemed to be functions of different variables . +Moreover , whereas in Interstate Commerce Commission parlance `` variable cost '' means a cost deemed to vary in direct proportion to changes in rate of output , in the type of analysis now under review `` variable cost '' has been used more broadly , so as to cover costs which , while a function of some one variable ( such as output of energy , or number of customers ) , are not necessarily a linear function . +

+

As already noted in an earlier paragraph , the more familiar cost analyses of utility enterprises or utility systems divide the total costs among a number of major classes of service , such as residential , commercial , industrial power , street lighting , etc. . +This `` grand division '' permits many costs to be assigned in their entirety to some one class , such as street lighting , or at least to be excluded completely from some important class or classes . +High-tension industrial power service , for example , would not be charged with any share of the maintenance costs or capital costs of the low-tension distribution lines . +But the major portions of the total costs of a utility business are common or joint to all , or nearly all , classes of customers ; ; +and these costs must somehow be apportioned among the various classes and then must somehow be reapportioned among the units of service in order to report unit costs that can serve as tentative measures of reasonable rates . +

+

The general basis on which these common costs are assigned to differently measured units of service will be illustrated by the following highly simplified problem of an electric-utility cost analysis . +But before turning to this example , we must distinguish two subtypes of analysis , both of which belong to the single-step type rather than to the double-step type . +

+

In the first subtype , the analyst ( following the practice of railroad analysis in this particular respect ) distributes both total operating costs and total annual capital costs ( including an allowance for `` cost of capital '' or `` fair rate of return '' ) among the different classes and units of service . +Here , an apportionment , say , of $5,000,000 of the total costs to residential service as a class would include an allowance of perhaps 6 per cent as the cost of whatever capital is deemed to have been devoted to the service of the residential consumers . +

+

But in the second subtype , which I take to be the one more frequently applied , only the operating expenses and not the `` cost of capital '' or `` fair return '' are apportioned directly among the various classes of service . +To be sure , the capital investments in ( or , alternatively , the estimated `` fair values '' of ) the plant and equipment are apportioned among the different classes , as are also the gross revenues received from the sales of the different services . +But any resulting excess of revenues received from a given class of service over the operating costs imputed to this class is reported as a `` return '' realized on the capital investment attributed to the same service . +Thus , during any given year ( A ) if the revenues from the residential service are $7,000,000 , ( B ) if the operating expenses imputed to this class of service come to $5,000,000 , and ( C ) if the net investment in ( or value of ) the plant and equipment deemed devoted to this service amounts to $30,000,000 , the cost analyst will report that residential service , in the aggregate , has yielded a return of $2,000,000 or 6-2/3 per cent . +Other services will show different rates of return , some probably much lower and some higher . +

+

There are obvious reasons of convenience for this practice of excluding `` cost of capital '' from the direct apportionment of annual costs among the different classes of service -- notably , the avoidance of the controversial question what rate of return should be held to constitute `` cost of capital '' or `` fair rate of return '' . +But the practice is likely to be misleading , since it may seem to support a conclusion that , as long as the revenues from any class of service cover the imputed operating expenses plus some return on capital investment , however low , the rates of charge for this service are compensatory . +Needless to say , any such inference would be quite unwarranted . +

+

For the reason just suggested , I shall assume the use of the first subtype of fully distributed cost apportionment in the following simplified example . +That is to say , an allowance for `` cost of capital '' will be assumed to be included directly in the cost apportionment . +

+

Three-part analysis of the costs of an electric utility business +In order to simplify the exposition of a typical fully apportioned cost analysis , let us assume the application of the analysis to an electric utility company supplying a single city with power generated by its own steam-generation plant . +Let us also assume the existence of only one class or type of service , all of which is supplied at the same voltage , phase , etc. to residential , commercial , and industrial customers . +This latter assumption will permit us to center attention on the most controversial aspect of modern public utility cost analysis -- the distinction among costs that are functions of outputs of the same service measured along different dimensions . +

+

Since the company under review is supplying what we are here regarding as only one kind of service , we might suppose that the problem of total cost apportionment would be very simple ; ; +indeed , that it would be limited to a finding of the total annual operating and capital costs of the business , followed by a calculation of this total in terms of annual cost per kilowatt-hour of consumption . +In fact , however , the problem is not so simple . +For a statement of costs per kilowatt-hour would ignore the fact that many of these costs are not a function of kilowatt-hour output ( or consumption ) of energy . +A recognition of multiple cost functions is therefore required . +

+

The simplest division , and the one most frequently used ( with subdivisions ) in gas and electric rate cases , is a threefold division of the total operating and capital costs into `` customer costs '' , `` energy '' or `` volumetric costs '' , and `` demand '' or `` capacity '' costs . +If this threefold division of costs were to have its counterpart in the actual rates of charge for service , as it actually does have in some rates , there would result a three-part rate for any one class of service . +For example , the monthly bill of a residential consumer might be the sum of a $1 customer charge , a $5 charge for 250 kilowatt-hours of energy at +

+

per kilowatt-hour , and a $2 charge for a maximum demand of 2 kilowatts during the month at the rate of $1 per kilowatt -- a total bill of $8 for that month . +But our present interest lies in the measurement of costs of service , and only indirectly in rates that may or may not be designed to cover these costs . +Let us therefore consider each of the three types of cost in turn , recognizing that this simplified classification is used only for illustrative purposes ; ; +costs actually vary in much more complex ways . +1 . +The customer costs +These are those operating and capital costs found to vary with number of customers regardless , or almost regardless , of power consumption . +Included as a minimum are the costs of metering and billing along with whatever other expenses the company must incur in taking on another consumer . +These minimum costs may come to $1 per month , more or less , for residential and small commercial customers , although they are substantially higher for large industrial users , who require more costly connections and metering devices . +While costs on this order are sometimes separately charged for in residential and commercial rates , in the form of a mere `` service charge '' , they are more frequently wholly or partly covered by a minimum charge which entitles the consumer to a very small amount of gas or electricity with no further payment . +

+

But the really controversial aspect of customer-cost imputation arises because of the cost analyst's frequent practice of including , not just those costs that can be definitely earmarked as incurred for the benefit of specific customers but also a substantial fraction of the annual maintenance and capital costs of the secondary ( low-voltage ) distribution system -- a fraction equal to the estimated annual costs of a hypothetical system of minimum capacity . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j54.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j54.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..282d41a525060216fa72b4e7aee82b5191be6887 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j54.xml @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +Sample J54 from Chester G. Starr, The Origins of Greek Civilization 1100-650 B. C. + New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1961. Pp. 144-150. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,004 words 13 (0.6%) quotes 2 symbolsJ54

Copyright Chester G. Starr. Used by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

 Chester G. Starr, The Origins of Greek Civilization 1100-650 B. C. + New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1961. Pp. 144-150. +

Arbitrary Hyphen: south-eastern [0440]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Whenever artists , indeed , turned to actual representations or molded three-dimensional figures , which were rare down to 800 B.C. , they tended to reflect reality ( see Plate 6a , 9b ) ; ; +a schematic , abstract treatment of men and animals , by intent , rose only in the late eighth century . +

+

To speak of this underlying view of the world is to embark upon matters of subjective judgment . +At the least , however , one may conclude that Geometric potters sensed a logical order ; ; +their principles of composition stand very close to those which appear in the Homeric epics and the hexameter line . +Their world , again , was a still simple , traditional age which was only slowly beginning to appreciate the complexity of life . +And perhaps an observer of the vases will not go too far in deducing that the outlook of their makers and users was basically stable and secure . +The storms of the past had died away , and the great upheaval which was to mark the following century had not yet begun to disturb men's minds . +

+

Throughout the work of the later ninth century a calm , severe serenity displays itself . +In the vases this spirit may perhaps at times bore or repel one in its internal self-satisfaction , but the best of the Geometric pins have rightly been considered among the most beautiful ever made in the Greek world . +The ninth century was in its artistic work `` the spiritually freest and most self-sufficient between past and future '' , and the loving skill spent by its artists upon their products is a testimonial to their sense that what they were doing was important and was appreciated . +The Aegean in 800 B.C. +Geometric pottery has not yet received the thorough , detailed study which it deserves , partly because the task is a mammoth one and partly because some of its local manifestations , as at Argos , are only now coming to light . +From even a cursory inspection of its many aspects , however , the historian can deduce several fundamental conclusions about the progress of the Aegean world down to 800 B.C. +

+

The general intellectual outlook which had appeared in the eleventh century was now consolidated to a significant degree . +Much which was in embryo in 1000 had become reasonably well developed by 800 . +In this process the Minoan-Mycenaean inheritance had been transmuted or finally rejected ; ; +the Aegean world which had existed before 1000 differed from that which rises more clearly in our vision after 800 . +Those modern scholars who urge that we must keep in mind the fundamental continuity of Aegean development from earliest times -- granted occasional irruptions of peoples and ideas from outside -- are correct ; ; +but all too many observers have been misled by this fact into minimizing the degree of change which took place in the early first millennium . +

+

The focus of novelty in this world now lay in the south-eastern districts of the Greek mainland , and by 800 virtually the entire Aegean , always excepting its northern shores , had accepted the Geometric style of pottery . +While Protogeometric vases usually turn up , especially outside Greece proper , together with as many or more examples of local stamp , these `` non-Greek '' patterns had mostly vanished by the later ninth century . +In their place came local variations within the common style -- tentative , as it were , in Protogeometric products but truly distinct and sharply defined as the Geometric spirit developed . +Attica , though important , was not the only teacher of this age . +One can take a vase of about 800 B.C. and , without any knowledge of its place of origin , venture to assign it to a specific area ; ; +imitation and borrowing of motifs now become ascertainable . +The potters of the Aegean islands thus stood apart from those of the mainland , and in Greece itself Argive , Corinthian , Attic , Boeotian , and other Geometric sequences have each their own hallmarks . +These local variations were to become ever sharper in the next century and a half . +

+

The same conclusions can be drawn from the other physical evidence of the Dark ages , from linguistic distribution , and from the survivals of early social , political , and religious patterns into later ages . +By 800 B.C. the Aegean was an area of common tongue and of common culture . +On these pillars rested that solid basis for life and thought which was soon to be manifested in the remarkably unlimited ken of the Iliad . +Everywhere within the common pattern , however , one finds local diversity ; ; +Greek history and culture were enduringly fertilized , and plagued , by the interplay of these conjoined yet opposed factors . +

+

Further we cannot go , for the Dark ages deserve their name . +Many aspects of civilization were not yet sufficiently crystallized to find expression , nor could the simple economic and social foundations of this world support a lofty structure . +The epic poems , the consolidation of the Greek pantheon , the rise of firm political units , the self-awareness which could permit painted and sculptured representations of men -- all these had to await the progress of following decades . +What we have seen in this chapter , we have seen only dimly , and yet the results , however general , are worth the search . +These are the centuries in which the inhabitants of the Aegean world settled firmly into their minds and into their institutions the foundations of the Hellenic outlook , independent of outside forces . +

+

To interpret , indeed , the era from 1000 to 800 as a period mainly of consolidation may be a necessary but unfortunate defect born of our lack of detailed information ; ; +if we could see more deeply , we probably would find many side issues and wrong turnings which came to an end within the period . +The historian can only point out those lines which were major enough to find reflection in our limited evidence , and must hope that future excavations will enrich our understanding . +Throughout the Dark ages , it is clear , the Greek world had been developing slowly but consistently . +The pace could now be accelerated , for the inhabitants of the Aegean stood on firm ground . +

+

Chapter 5 the early eighth century +the landscape of Greek history broadens widely , and rather abruptly , in the eighth century B.C. , the age of Homer's `` rosy-fingered Dawn '' . +The first slanting rays of the new day cannot yet dispel all the dark shadows which lie across the Aegean world ; ; +but our evidence grows considerably in variety and shows more unmistakably some of the lines of change . +For this period , as for earlier centuries , pottery remains the most secure source ; ; +the ceramic material of the age is more abundant , more diversified , and more indicative of the hopes and fears of its makers , who begin to show scenes of human life and death . +Figurines and simple chapels presage the emergence of sculpture and architecture in Greece ; ; +objects in gold , ivory , and bronze grow more numerous . +Since writing was practiced in the Aegean before the end of the century , we may hope that the details of tradition will now be occasionally useful . +Though it is not easy to apply the evidence of the Iliad to any specific era , this marvelous product of the epic tradition had certainly taken definitive shape by 750 . +

+

The Dipylon Geometric pottery of Athens and the Iliad are amazing manifestations of the inherent potentialities of Greek civilization ; ; +but both were among the last products of a phase which was ending . +Greek civilization was swirling toward its great revolution , in which the developed qualities of the Hellenic outlook were suddenly to break forth . +The revolution was well under way before 700 B.C. , and premonitory signs go back virtually across the century . +The era , however , is Janus-faced . +While many tokens point forward , the main achievements stand as a culmination of the simple patterns of the Dark ages . +The dominant pottery of the century was Geometric ; ; +political organization revolved about the basileis ; ; +trade was just beginning to expand ; ; +the gods who protected the Greek countryside were only now putting on their sharply anthropomorphic dress . +

+

The modern student , who knows what was to come next , is likely to place first the factors of change which are visible in the eighth century . +Not all men of the period would have accepted this emphasis . +Many potters clung to the past the more determinedly as they were confronted with radically new ideas ; ; +the poet of the Iliad deliberately archaized . +Although it is not possible to sunder old and new in this era , I shall consider in the present chapter primarily the first decades of the eighth century and shall interpret them as an apogee of the first stage of Greek civilization . +

+

On this principle of division I must postpone the evolution of sculpture , architecture , society , and politics ; ; +for the developments in these areas make sense only if they are connected to the age of revolution itself . +The growing contacts between Aegean and Orient are also a phase which should be linked primarily to the remarkable broadening of Hellenic culture after 750 . +We shall not be able entirely to pass over these connections to the East as we consider Ripe Geometric pottery , the epic and the myth , and the religious evolution of early Greece ; ; +the important point , however , is that these magnificent achievements , unlike those of later decades , were only incidentally influenced by Oriental models . +The antecedents of Dipylon vases and of the Iliad lie in the Aegean past . +Dipylon pottery +the pottery of the first half of the eighth century is commonly called Ripe Geometric . +The severe yet harmonious vases of the previous fifty years , the Strong Geometric style of the late ninth century , display as firm a mastery of the principles underlying Geometric pottery ; ; +but artists now were ready to refine and elaborate their inheritance . +The vases which resulted had different shapes , far more complex decoration , and a larger sense of style . +

+

Beyond the aesthetic and technical aspects of this expansion we must consider the change in pottery style on broader lines . +In earlier centuries men had had enough to do in rebuilding a fundamental sense of order after chaos . +They had had to work on very simple foundations and had not dared to give rein to impulses . +The potters , in particular , had virtually eschewed freehand drawing , elaborate motifs , and the curving lines of nature , while yet expressing a belief that there was order in the universe . +In their vases were embodied the basic aesthetic and logical characteristics of Greek civilization , at first hesitantly in Protogeometric work , and then more confidently in the initial stages of the Geometric style . +By 800 social and cultural security had been achieved , at least on a simple plane ; ; +it was time to take bigger steps , to venture on experiments . +

+

Ripe Geometric potters continued to employ the old syntax of ornaments and shapes and made use of the well-defined though limited range of motifs which they had inherited . +In these respects the vases of the early eighth century represent a culmination of earlier lines of progress . +To the ancestral lore , however , new materials were added . +Painters left less and less of a vase in a plain dark color ; ; +instead they divided the surface into many bands or covered it by all-over patterns into which freehand drawing began to creep . +Wavy lines , feather-like patterns , rosettes of indefinitely floral nature , birds either singly or in stylized rows , animals in solemn frieze bands ( see Plates 11 - 12 ) -- all these turned up in the more developed fabrics as preliminary signs that the potters were broadening their gaze . +The rows of animals and birds , in particular , suggest awareness of Oriental animal friezes , transmitted perhaps via Syrian silver bowls and textiles , but the specific forms of these rows on local vases and metal products are nonetheless Greek . +Though the spread of this type of decoration in the Aegean has not yet been precisely determined , it seems to appear first in the Cyclades , which were among the leading exporters of pottery throughout the century . +

+

As the material at the command of the potters grew and the volume of their production increased , the local variations within a common style became more evident . +Plate 12 illustrates four examples , which are Ripe or Late Geometric work of common spirit but of different schools . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j56.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j56.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..228be6748cc20758a1966b64774a61c57a7566df --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j56.xml @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +Sample J56 from Edwin L. Bigelow and Nancy H. Otis, Manchester, Vermont: A + Pleasant Land Among the Mountains. Vermont: The Town of + Manchester, 1961. Pp. 108-113. A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,022 words 92 (4.5%) quotesJ56

CopyrightThe Selectmen. Used by permission. 0010-1900

 Edwin L. Bigelow and Nancy H. Otis, Manchester, Vermont: A + Pleasant Land Among the Mountains. Vermont: The Town of + Manchester, 1961. Pp. 108-113.

Arbitrary Hyphen: sub-station [1840]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The plant was located west of the Battenkill and south of the location of the former electric light plant . +

+

The Manchester Depot Sewer Company issued 214 shares of stock at $10 each for construction of a sewer in that locality , and assessments were made for its maintenance . +It has given considerable trouble at times and empties right into the Battenkill . +Fire District No. 1 discussed its possible purchase in 1945 , but considered it an unwise investment . +

+

The sewer on Bonnet Street was constructed when there were only a few houses on the street . +As new homes were built they were connected so that all residences south of School Street are served by it . +B. J. Connell is the present treasurer and manager . +

+

The 1946 town meeting voted to have the Selectmen appoint a committee to investigate and report on the feasibility of some system of sewage disposal and a disposal plant to serve Manchester Center , Depot , and Way's Lane . +The committee submitted a report signed by Louis Martin and Leon Wiley with a map published in the 1946 town report . +The layout of the sewer lines was designed by Henry W. Taylor , who was the engineer for the Manchester Village disposal plant . +No figures were submitted with the report and no action was taken on it by the town . +

+

The 1958 town meeting directed town authorities to seek federal and state funds with which to conduct a preliminary survey of a proposed sewage plant with its attendant facilities . +The final step was a vote for a $230,000 bond issue for the construction of a sewage system by the 1959 town meeting , later confirmed by a two-thirds vote at a special town meeting June 21 , 1960 . +

+

There the matter stands with the prospect that soon Manchester may be removed from the roster of towns contributing raw sewage to its main streams . +

+

Telephone and telegraph +Manchester's unusual interest in telegraphy has often been attributed to the fact that the Rev. J. D. Wickham , headmaster of Burr and Burton Seminary , was a personal friend and correspondent of the inventor , Samuel F. B. Morse . +At any rate , Manchester did not lag far behind the first commercial system which was set up in 1844 between Baltimore and Washington . +

+

In 1846 Matthew B. Goodwin , jeweler and watchmaker , became the town's first telegrapher in a dwelling he built for himself and his business `` two doors north of the Equinox House '' or `` one door north of the Bank , Manchester , Vermont '' . +Goodwin was telegrapher for the `` American Telegraph Company '' and the `` Troy and Canada Junction Telegraph Company '' . +Shares of capital stock at $15 each in the latter company were payable at the Bank of Manchester or at various other Vermont banks . +A message of less than fifteen words to Bennington cost twenty-five cents . +

+

By 1871 L. C. Orvis , manager of the `` Western Union Telegraph Company '' , expressed willingness to send emergency telegrams on Sundays from his Village drugstore . +Orvis even needed to hire an assistant , Clark J. Wait . +The Manchester Journal commented editorially on the surprising amount of local telegraphic business . +

+

In the fall of 1878 , the `` Popular Telegraph Line '' was established between Manchester and Factory Point by the owners , Paul W. Orvis , Henry Gray , J. N. Hard , and Clark J. Wait . +The line soon lived up to its name , as local messages of moderate length could be sent for a dime and the company was quickly able to declare very liberal dividends on its capital stock . +

+

In 1879 the same Clark Wait , with H. H. Holley of South Dorset , formed the `` American Telegraph Line '' , extending from Manchester Depot via Factory Point and South Dorset to Dorset . +Besides being most convenient , the line `` soon proved a good investment for the owners '' . +Telegraphers at the Depot at this time were Aaron C. Burr and Mark Manley of `` Burr and Manley '' , dealers in lumber and dry goods . +

+

Early equipment was very flimsy ; ; +the smallest gusts of wind toppled poles , making communications impossible . +But companies continued to spring up . +By 1883 the `` Battenkill Telegraph Company '' was in existence and Alvin Pettibone was its president . +Operating in 1887 was the `` Valley Telegraph Line '' , officers of which were E. C. Orvis , president ; ; +H. K. Fowler , vice-president and secretary ; ; +J. N. Hard , treasurer ; ; +F. H. Walker , superintendent ; ; +H. S. Walker , assistant superintendent . +Two companies now had headquarters with Clark J. Wait , who by then had his own drugstore at Factory Point -- the `` Northern Union Telegraph Company '' and the `` Western Union '' . +Operators were Arthur Koop and Norman Taylor . +Still existing on a `` Northern Union '' telegraph form is a typical peremptory message from Peru grocer J. J. Hapgood to Burton and Graves' store in Manchester -- `` Get and send by stage four pounds best Porterhouse or serloin stake , for Mrs. Hapgood send six sweet oranges '' . +

+

About 1888 J. E. McNaughton of Barnumville and E. G. Bacon became proprietors of the `` Green Mountain Telegraph Company '' , connecting all offices on the Western Union line and extending over the mountain from Barnumville to Peru , Londonderry , South Londonderry , Lowell Lake , Windham , North Windham , Grafton , Cambridgeport , Saxton's River , and Bellows Falls . +

+

From 1896 until 1910 John H. Whipple was manager of Western Union at the Center in the drugstore he purchased from Clark Wait . +The Village office of Western Union with George Towsley as manager and telegrapher continued in Hard's drugstore until 1905 . +During the summers , Towsley often needed the assistance of a company operator . +

+

These were the years when people flocked to Manchester not only to play golf , which had come into vogue , but also to witness the Ekwanok Country Club tournaments . +New Yorkers were kept informed of scores by reporters who telegraphed fifteen to twenty thousand words daily to the metropolitan newspapers . +This boosted local telegraph business and Manchester basked in all the free advertising . +In 1914 when the town was chosen for the U. S. Amateur Golf tournament , a representative hurried here from the Boston manager's office . +In his wake came the District Traffic Supervisor and the cream of the telegraphic profession , ten of Boston's best , chosen for their long experience and thorough knowledge of golf . +During that tournament alone , some 250,000 words winged their way out of Manchester . +

+

The old Morse system was replaced locally by the Simplex modern automatic method in 1929 , when Ellamae Heckman ( Wilcox ) was manager of the Western Union office . +During summers , business was so brisk that Mrs. Wilcox had two assistants and a messenger . +She was succeeded by Clarence Goyette . +Since that time the telegraph office has shifted in location from the railroad station at the Depot and shops at the Center back to the town clerk's office and drugstore at the Village . +After being located for some years in the Village at the Equinox Pharmacy under the supervision of Mrs. Harry Mercier , it is presently located in the Hill and Dale Shop , Manchester Center . +

+

The first known telephone line in Manchester was established in July 1883 between Burr and Manley's store at Manchester Depot and the Kent and Root Marble Company in South Dorset . +This was extended the following year to include the railroad station agent's office and Thayer's Hotel at Factory Point . +In November 1887 a line connecting several dwelling houses in Dorset was extended to Manchester Depot . +Telephone wires from Louis Dufresne's house in East Manchester to the Dufresne lumber job near Bourn Pond were up about 1895 . +Eber L. Taylor of Manchester Depot recorded the setting of phone poles in East Dorset and Barnumville in his diary for 1906 . +These must have been for local calls strictly , as in May 1900 the `` only long distance telephone '' in town was transferred from C. B. Carleton's to Young's shoe store . +

+

A small single switchboard was installed in the Village over Woodcock's hardware store ( later E. H. Hemenway's ) . +George Woodcock was manager and troubleshooter ; ; +Elizabeth Way was the first operator ; ; +and a night operator was also employed . +Anyone fortunate enough to have one of those early phones advertised the fact along with the telephone number in the Manchester Journal . +

+

In 1918 the New England Telephone Company began erecting a building to house its operations on the corner of U. S. Rte. 7 and what is now Memorial Avenue at Manchester Center . +Service running through Barnumville and to Bennington County towns east of the mountains was in the hands of the `` Gleason Telephone Company '' in 1925 , but major supervision of telephone lines in Manchester was with the New England Telephone and Telegraph Company , which eventually gained all control . +More aerial and underground equipment was installed as well as office improvements to take care of the expanding business . +

+

In 1931 Mrs. F. H. Briggs , agent and chief operator , who was to retire in 1946 with thirty years' service , led agency offices in sales for the year with $2,490 . +William Hitchcock , who retired in 1938 , was a veteran of thirty-four years' local service . +Another veteran telephone operator was Edith Fleming Blackmer , who had been in the office forty years at the time of her death in 1960 . +

+

In 1932 Dorset received its own exchange , which made business easier for the Manchester office , but it was not until February 1953 that area service was extended to include Manchester and Dorset . +This eliminated toll calls between the two towns . +Within a month , calls were up seventy per cent . +

+

Electric power +electricity plays such an important part in community life today that it is difficult to envision a time when current was not available for daily use . +Yet one has to go back only some sixty years . +

+

The first mention of an electric plant in Manchester seems to be one installed in Reuben Colvin's and Houghton's gristmill on the West Branch in Factory Point . +No records are available as to the date or extent of installation , but it may have been in 1896 . +

+

On June 14 , 1900 the Manchester Journal reported that an electrical engineer was installing an electric light plant for Edward S. Isham at `` Ormsby Hill '' . +This was working by the end of August and giving satisfactory service . +

+

In November 1900 surveying was done under John Marsden on the east mountains to ascertain if it would be possible to get sufficient water and fall to operate an electric power plant . +Nothing came of it , perhaps due to lack of opportunity for water storage . +

+

The next step was construction by the Manchester Light and Power Company of a plant on the west bank of the Battenkill south of Union Street bridge . +This was nearly completed May 23 , 1901 with a promise of lights by June 10 , but the first light did not go on until September 28 . +It was at the end of the sidewalk in front of the Dellwood Cemetery cottage . +

+

The first directors of the Manchester Light and Power Company were John Marsden , M. L. Manley , William F. Orvis , George Smith , and John Blackmer . +The officers were John Marsden , president ; ; +John C. Blackmer , vice-president ; ; +George Smith , treasurer ; ; +and William F. Orvis , secretary . +Marsden was manager of the company for ten years and manager of its successor company , the Colonial Light and Power Company , for one year . +

+

At about the time the Marsden enterprise was getting under way , the Vail Light and Lumber Company started construction of a chair stock factory on the site of the present Bennington Co-operative Creamery , intending to use its surplus power for generating electricity . +Manchester then had two competing power companies until 1904 , when the Manchester Light and Power Company purchased the transmission system of the Vail Company . +This was fortunate , as the Vail plant burned in 1905 . +

+

The Colonial Light and Power Company was succeeded by the Vermont Hydro-Electric Corporation , which in turn was absorbed by the Central Vermont Public Service Corporation . +The latter now furnishes the area with electricity distributed from a modern sub-station at Manchester Depot which was put into operation February 19 , 1930 and was improved in January 1942 by the installation of larger transformers . +

+

For a time following the abandonment of the local plant , electric current for Manchester was brought in from the south with an emergency tie-in with the Vermont Marble Company system to the north . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j59.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j59.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25c5056b4df3e39387ae85bb64cfd8b53cf56667 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j59.xml @@ -0,0 +1,92 @@ +Sample J59 from Clement Greenberg, "Collage" in his Art and Culture: Critical + Essay. Boston: Beacon Press, 1961. Pp. 74-79. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,012 words 4 (0.2%) quotesJ59

CopyrightClement Greenberg. Used by permission. 0010-1780

 Clement Greenberg, "Collage" in his Art and Culture: Critical + Essay. Boston: Beacon Press, 1961. Pp. 74-79. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Rather than being deceived , the eye is puzzled ; ; +instead of seeing objects in space , it sees nothing more than -- a picture . +

+

Through 1911 and 1912 , as the Cubist facet-plane's tendency to adhere to the literal surface became harder and harder to deny , the task of keeping the surface at arm's length fell all the more to eye-undeceiving contrivances . +To reinforce , and sometimes to replace , the simulated typography , Braque and Picasso began to mix sand and other foreign substances with their paint ; ; +the granular texture thus created likewise called attention to the reality of the surface and was effective over much larger areas . +In certain other pictures , however , Braque began to paint areas in exact simulation of wood graining or marbleizing . +These areas , by virtue of their abrupt density of pattern , stated the literal surface with such new and superior force that the resulting contrast drove the simulated printing into a depth from which it could be rescued -- and set to shuttling again -- only by conventional perspective ; ; +that is , by being placed in such relation to the forms depicted within the illusion that these forms left no room for the typography except near the surface . +

+

The accumulation of such devices , however , soon had the effect of telescoping , even while separating , surface and depth . +The process of flattening seemed inexorable , and it became necessary to emphasize the surface still further in order to prevent it from fusing with the illusion . +It was for this reason , and no other that I can see , that in September 1912 , Braque took the radical and revolutionary step of pasting actual pieces of imitation-woodgrain wallpaper to a drawing on paper , instead of trying to simulate its texture in paint . +Picasso says that he himself had already made his first collage toward the end of 1911 , when he glued a piece of imitation-caning oilcloth to a painting on canvas . +It is true that his first collage looks more Analytical than Braque's , which would confirm the date he assigns it . +But it is also true that Braque was the consistent pioneer in the use of simulated textures as well as of typography ; ; +and moreover , he had already begun to broaden and simplify the facet-planes of Analytical Cubism as far back as the end of 1910 . +

+

When we examine what each master says was his first collage we see that much the same thing happens in each . +( It makes no real difference that Braque's collage is on paper and eked out in charcoal , while Picasso's is on canvas and eked out in oil . +) By its greater corporeal presence and its greater extraneousness , the affixed paper or cloth serves for a seeming moment to push everything else into a more vivid idea of depth than the simulated printing or simulated textures had ever done . +But here again , the surface-declaring device both overshoots and falls short of its aim . +For the illusion of depth created by the contrast between the affixed material and everything else gives way immediately to an illusion of forms in bas-relief , which gives way in turn , and with equal immediacy , to an illusion that seems to contain both -- or neither . +

+

Because of the size of the areas it covers , the pasted paper establishes undepicted flatness bodily , as more than an indication or sign . +Literal flatness now tends to assert itself as the main event of the picture , and the device boomerangs : the illusion of depth is rendered even more precarious than before . +Instead of isolating the literal flatness by specifying and circumscribing it , the pasted paper or cloth releases and spreads it , and the artist seems to have nothing left but this undepicted flatness with which to finish as well as start his picture . +The actual surface becomes both ground and background , and it turns out -- suddenly and paradoxically -- that the only place left for a three-dimensional illusion is in front of , upon , the surface . +In their very first collages , Braque and Picasso draw or paint over and on the affixed paper or cloth , so that certain of the principal features of their subjects as depicted seem to thrust out into real , bas-relief space -- or to be about to do so -- while the rest of the subject remains imbedded in , or flat upon , the surface . +And the surface is driven back , in its very surfaceness , only by this contrast . +

+

In the upper center of Braque's first collage , Fruit Dish ( in Douglas Cooper's collection ) , a bunch of grapes is rendered with such conventionally vivid sculptural effect as to lift it practically off the picture plane . +The trompe-l'oeil illusion here is no longer enclosed between parallel flatnesses , but seems to thrust through the surface of the drawing paper and establish depth on top of it . +Yet the violent immediacy of the wallpaper strips pasted to the paper , and the only lesser immediacy of block capitals that simulate window lettering , manage somehow to push the grape cluster back into place on the picture plane so that it does not `` jump '' . +At the same time , the wallpaper strips themselves seem to be pushed into depth by the lines and patches of shading charcoaled upon them , and by their placing in relation to the block capitals ; ; +and these capitals seem in turn to be pushed back by their placing , and by contrast with the corporeality of the woodgraining . +Thus every part and plane of the picture keeps changing place in relative depth with every other part and plane ; ; +and it is as if the only stable relation left among the different parts of the picture is the ambivalent and ambiguous one that each has with the surface . +And the same thing , more or less , can be said of the contents of Picasso's first collage . +

+

In later collages of both masters , a variety of extraneous materials are used , sometimes in the same work , and almost always in conjunction with every other eye-deceiving and eye-undeceiving device they can think of . +The area adjacent to one edge of a piece of affixed material -- or simply of a painted-in form -- will be shaded to pry that edge away from the surface , while something will be drawn , painted or even pasted over another part of the same shape to drive it back into depth . +Planes defined as parallel to the surface also cut through it into real space , and a depth is suggested optically which is greater than that established pictorially . +All this expands the oscillation between surface and depth so as to encompass fictive space in front of the surface as well as behind it . +Flatness may now monopolize everything , but it is a flatness become so ambiguous and expanded as to turn into illusion itself -- at least an optical if not , properly speaking , a pictorial illusion . +Depicted , Cubist flatness is now almost completely assimilated to the literal , undepicted kind , but at the same time it reacts upon and largely transforms the undepicted kind -- and it does so , moreover , without depriving the latter of its literalness ; ; +rather , it underpins and reinforces that literalness , re-creates it . +

+

Out of this re-created literalness , the Cubist subject reemerged . +For it had turned out , by a further paradox of Cubism , that the means to an illusion of depth and plasticity had now become widely divergent from the means of representation or imaging . +In the Analytical phase of their Cubism , Braque and Picasso had not only had to minimize three-dimensionality simply in order to preserve it ; ; +they had also had to generalize it -- to the point , finally , where the illusion of depth and relief became abstracted from specific three-dimensional entities and was rendered largely as the illusion of depth and relief as such : as a disembodied attribute and expropriated property detached from everything not itself . +In order to be saved , plasticity had had to be isolated ; ; +and as the aspect of the subject was transposed into those clusters of more or less interchangeable and contour-obliterating facet-planes by which plasticity was isolated under the Cubist method , the subject itself became largely unrecognizable . +Cubism , in its 1911-1912 phase ( which the French , with justice , call `` hermetic '' ) was on the verge of abstract art . +

+

It was then that Picasso and Braque were confronted with a unique dilemma : they had to choose between illusion and representation . +If they opted for illusion , it could only be illusion per se -- an illusion of depth , and of relief , so general and abstracted as to exclude the representation of individual objects . +If , on the other hand , they opted for representation , it had to be representation per se -- representation as image pure and simple , without connotations ( at least , without more than schematic ones ) of the three-dimensional space in which the objects represented originally existed . +It was the collage that made the terms of this dilemma clear : the representational could be restored and preserved only on the flat and literal surface now that illusion and representation had become , for the first time , mutually exclusive alternatives . +

+

In the end , Picasso and Braque plumped for the representational , and it would seem they did so deliberately . +( This provides whatever real justification there is for the talk about `` reality '' . +) But the inner , formal logic of Cubism , as it worked itself out through the collage , had just as much to do with shaping their decision . +When the smaller facet-planes of Analytical Cubism were placed upon or juxtaposed with the large , dense shapes formed by the affixed materials of the collage , they had to coalesce -- become `` synthesized '' -- into larger planar shapes themselves simply in order to maintain the integrity of the picture plane . +Left in their previous atom-like smallness , they would have cut away too abruptly into depth ; ; +and the broad , opaque shapes of pasted paper would have been isolated in such a way as to make them jump out of plane . +Large planes juxtaposed with other large planes tend to assert themselves as independent shapes , and to the extent that they are flat , they also assert themselves as silhouettes ; ; +and independent silhouettes are apt to coincide with the recognizable contours of the subject from which a picture starts ( if it does start from a subject ) . +It was because of this chain-reaction as much as for any other reason -- that is , because of the growing independence of the planar unit in collage as a shape -- that the identity of depicted objects , or at least parts of them , re-emerged in Braque's and Picasso's papiers colles and continued to remain more conspicuous there -- but only as flattened silhouettes -- than in any of their paintings done wholly in oil before the end of 1913 . +

+

Analytical Cubism came to an end in the collage , but not conclusively ; ; +nor did Synthetic Cubism fully begin there . +Only when the collage had been exhaustively translated into oil , and transformed by this translation , did Cubism become an affair of positive color and flat , interlocking silhouettes whose legibility and placement created allusions to , if not the illusion of , unmistakable three-dimensional identities . +

+

Synthetic Cubism began with Picasso alone , late in 1913 or early in 1914 ; ; +this was the point at which he finally took the lead in Cubist innovation away from Braque , never again to relinquish it . +But even before that , Picasso had glimpsed and entered , for a moment , a certain revolutionary path in which no one had preceded him . +It was as though , in that instant , he had felt the flatness of collage as too constricting and had suddenly tried to escape all the way back -- or forward -- to literal three-dimensionality . +This he did by using utterly literal means to carry the forward push of the collage ( and of Cubism in general ) literally into the literal space in front of the picture plane . +

+

Some time in 1912 , Picasso cut out and folded a piece of paper in the shape of a guitar ; ; +to this he glued and fitted other pieces of paper and four taut strings , thus creating a sequence of flat surfaces in real and sculptural space to which there clung only the vestige of a picture plane . +The affixed elements of collage were extruded , as it were , and cut off from the literal pictorial surface to form a bas-relief . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j67.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j67.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5f510e15f0f163ed33b2fd3c1bbfe2775d966559 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j67.xml @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +Sample J67 from William Whallon, "The Diction of Beowulf" + PMLA, Publications of the Modern Language Association of America + LXXVI: 4, part 1 (September, 1961), 309-311. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,013 words 14 (0.7%) quotesJ67

Used by permission. 0010-1840

 William Whallon, "The Diction of Beowulf" + PMLA, Publications of the Modern Language Association of America + LXXVI: 4, part 1 (September, 1961), 309-311. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Anglo-Saxon and Greek epic each provide on two occasions a seemingly authentic account of the narration of verse in the heroic age . +Hrothgar's court bard sings of the encounters at Finnsburg ( lines 1068 - 1159 ) , and improvises the tale of Beowulf's exploits in a complimentary comparison of the Geatish visitor with Sigemund ( lines 871 - 892 ) ; ; +Alcinous' court bard sings of the discovered adultery of Ares and Aphrodite ( Odyssey 8 266-366 ) , and takes up a tale of Odysseus while the Ithacan wanderer listens on ( Odyssey 8 499-520 ) . +Nothing in all this is autobiographical : unlike the poets of Deor and Widsith , the poet of Beowulf is not concerned with his own identity ; ; +the poet of The Odyssey , reputed blind , reveals himself not at all in singing of the blind minstrel Demodocus . +Since none of these glimpses of poetizing without writing is intended to incorporate a signature into the epic matter , there is prima-facie evidence that Beowulf and the Homeric poems each derive from an oral tradition . +That such a tradition lies behind The Iliad and The Odyssey , at least , is hard to deny . +Milman Parry rigorously defended the observation that the extant Homeric poems are largely formulaic , and was led to postulate that they could be shown entirely formulaic if the complete corpus of Greek epic survived ; ; +he further reasoned that frequent formulas in epic verse indicate oral composition , and assumed the slightly less likely corollary that oral epic is inclined towards the use of formulas . +Proceeding from Parry's conclusions and adopting one of his schemata , Francis P. Magoun , Jr. , argues that Beowulf likewise was created from a legacy of oral formulas inherited and extended by bards of successive generations , and the thesis is striking and compelling . +Yet a fresh inspection will indicate one crucial amendment : Beowulf and the Homeric poems are not at all formulaic to the same extent . +

+

The bondage endurable by an oral poet is to be estimated only by a very skilful oral poet , but it appears safe to assume that no sustained narrative in rhyme could be composed without extreme difficulty , even in a language of many terminal inflections . +Assonance seems nearly as severe a curb , although in a celebrated passage William of Malmesbury declares that A Song Of Roland was intoned before the battle commenced at Hastings . +The Anglo-Saxon alliterative line and the Homeric hexameter probably imposed less of a restraint ; ; +the verse of Beowulf or of The Iliad and The Odyssey was not easy to create but was not impossible for poets who had developed their talents perforce in earning a livelihood . +Yet certain aids were valuable and quite credibly necessary for reciting long stretches of verse without a pause . +The poet in a written tradition who generally never blots a line may once in a while pause and polish without incurring blame . +But the oral poet cannot pause ; ; +he must improvise continuously with no apparent effort . +Even though the bondage of his verse is not so great as the writing poet can manage , it is still great enough for him often to be seriously impeded unless he has aids to facilitate rapid composition . +The Germanic poet had such aids in the kennings , which provided for the difficulties of alliteration ; ; +the Homeric poet had epithets , which provided for recurring needs in the hexameter . +Either poet could quickly and easily select words or phrases to supply his immediate requirements as he chanted out his lines , because the kennings and the epithets made possible the construction of systems of numerous synonyms for the chief common and proper nouns . +Other synonyms could of course serve the same function , and for the sake of ease I shall speak of kennings and epithets in the widest and loosest possible sense , and name , for example , Gar-Dene a kenning for the Danes . +Verbal and adverbial elements too participated in each epic diction , but it is for the present sufficient to mark the large nominal and adjectival supply of semantic near-equivalents , and to designate the members of any system of equivalents as basic formulas of the poetic language . +Limited to a few thousand lines of heroic verse in Anglo-Saxon as in the other Germanic dialects , we cannot say how frequently the kennings in Beowulf recurred in contemporary epic on the same soil . +But we can say that since a writing poet , with leisure before him , would seem unlikely to invent a technique based upon frequent and substantial circumlocution , the kennings like the epithets must reasonably be ascribed to an oral tradition . +

+

One of the greatest Homerists of our time , Frederick M. Combellack , argues that when it is assumed The Iliad and The Odyssey are oral poems , the postulated single redactor called Homer cannot be either credited with or denied originality in choice of phrasing . +Any example of grand or exquisite diction may have been created by the poet who compiled numerous lays into the two works we possess or may be due to one of his completely unknown fellow-craftsmen . +The quest of the historical Homer is likely never to have further success ; ; +no individual word in The Iliad or The Odyssey can be credited to any one man ; ; +no strikingly effective element of speech in the extant poems can with assurance be said not to have been a commonplace in the vaster epic corpus that may have existed at the beginning of the first millennium before Christ . +This observation is of interest not only to students of Homeric poetry but to students of Anglo-Saxon poetry as well . +To the extent that a tale is twice told , its final author must be suspect , although plagiarism in an oral tradition is less a misdemeanor than the standard modus dicendi . +

+

Combellack argues further , and here he makes his main point , that once The Iliad and The Odyssey are thought formulaic poems composed for an audience accustomed to formulaic poetry , Homeric critics are deprived of an entire domain they previously found arable . +With a few important and a few more unimportant exceptions , no expression can be deemed le mot juste for its context , because each was very probably the only expression that long-established practice and ease of rapid recitation would allow . +Words or phrases that connoisseurs have admired as handsome or ironic or humorous must therefore lose merit and become regarded as mere inevitable time-servers , sometimes accurate and sometimes not . +This observation too may have reference to Anglo-Saxon poetry . +To the extent that a language is formulaic , its individual components must be regarded as no more distinguished than other cliches . +

+

W. F. Bryan suggests that certain kennings in Beowulf were selected sometimes for appropriateness and sometimes for ironic inappropriateness , but such a view would appear untenable unless it is denied that the language of Beowulf is formulaic . +If the master of scops who was most responsible for the poem ever used kennings that were traditional , he was at least partly deprived of free will and not inclined towards shrewd and sophisticated misuse of speech elements . +Once many significant phrases are found in theory or in recurrent practice to provide for prosodic necessity , they are not to be defended for their semantic properties in isolated contexts . +It is false to be certain of having discovered in the language of Beowulf such effects as intentional irony . +

+

Yet , if the argument is turned awry , there may be found a great deal in Bryan's view , after all . +A formulaic element need not be held meaningless merely because it was selected with little conscious reflection . +Time-servers , though the periphrastic expressions are , they may nevertheless be handsome or ironic or humorous . +A long evolution in an oral tradition caused the poetic language of the heroic age to be based upon formulas that show the important qualities of things , and these formulas are therefore potentially rather than always actually accurate . +True , we do not know how they were regarded in their day , but we need not believe the epic audience to have been more insensitive to the formulas than the numerous scholars of modern times who have read Germanic or Homeric poetry all their lives and still found much to admire in occasional occurrences of the most familiar phrases . +Nouns and adjectives in a written tradition are chosen for the nonce ; ; +in an oral tradition they may be chosen for the entire epic corpus , and tend towards idealization rather than distinctive delineation . +Reliance is therefore not to be placed upon the archaeological particulars in an oral poem ; ; +no-one today would hope to discover the unmistakable ruins of Heorot or the palace of Priam . +A ship at dry-dock could be called a foamy-necked floater in Anglo-Saxon or a swift ship in Greek . +Even when defenseless of weapons the Danes would be Gar-Dene ( as their king is Hrothgar ) and Priam would be EUMMELIHS . +Achilles , like Siegfried in The Nibelungenlied , is potentially the swiftest of men and may accordingly be called swift-footed even when he stands idle . +In Coriolanus the agnomen of Marcius is used deliberately and pointedly , but the Homeric epithets and the Anglo-Saxon kennings are used casually and recall to the hearer `` a familiar story or situation or a useful or pleasant quality of the referent '' . +The epic language was not entirely the servant of the poet ; ; +it was partly his master . +The poet's intentions are difficult to discern and , except to biographers , unimportant ; ; +the language , however , is a proper object of scrutiny , and the effects of the language are palpable even if sometimes inevitable . +

+

Beowulf and the Homeric poems appear oral compositions . +Yet they are written ; ; +at some stage in their evolution they were transcribed . +Albert B. Lord suggests that the Homeric poems were dictated to a scribe by a minstrel who held in his mind the poems fully matured but did not himself possess the knowledge of writing since it would be useless to his guild , and Magoun argues that the Beowulf poet and Cynewulf may have dictated their verse in the same fashion . +This explanation is attractive , but is vitiated at least in part by the observation that Cynewulf , though he used kennings in the traditional manner , was a literate man who four times inscribed his name by runes into his works . +If Cynewulf was literate , the Beowulf poet may have been also , and so may the final redactor of The Iliad and The Odyssey . +In lieu of the amanuensis to the blind or illiterate bard , one may conceive of a man who heard a vast store of oral poetry recited , and became intimately familiar with the established aids to poetizing , and himself wrote his own compositions or his edition of the compositions of the past . +Other theories of origin are compatible with the formulaic theory : Beowulf may contain a design for terror , and The Iliad may have a vast hysteron-proteron pattern answering to a ceramic pattern produced during the Geometric Period in pottery . +The account of the growth and final transcription of these epics rests partly , however , upon the degree to which they were formulaic . +

+

Carl Eduard Schmidt counted 1804 different lines repeated exactly in the two Homeric poems , and by increasing this figure so as to include lines repeated with very slight modifications he counted 2118 different lines used a total of 5612 times . +Thus one line in five from The Iliad and The Odyssey is to be found somewhere else in the two poems . +The ratio is thoroughly remarkable , because the lines are so long -- half again as long as those of Beowulf . +Anglo-Saxon poetry appears to have no comparable amount of repetition ; ; +there is no reason to think that the scop used and re-used whole lines and even lengthy passages after the manner of his Homeric colleague . +In determining the extent to which any poem is formulaic it is idle , however , to inspect nothing besides lines repeated in their entirety , for a stock of line-fragments would be sufficient to permit the poet to extemporize with deftness if they provided for prosodic needs . +The closest scrutiny is owed to the Anglo-Saxon kennings and the Homeric epithets ; ; +if any words or phrases are formulaic , they will be . +

+

The Iliad has two words for the shield , ASPIS and SAKOS . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j69.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j69.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e25ea5968bed5b28f0e39eb0b0abfbd4c26009fa --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j69.xml @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +Sample J69 from IBM Reference Manual - IBM 7070 Series Programming Systems - + Autocoder.A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,028 words 23 (1.1%) quotes 79 symbols 1 formulaJ69

1961, 1963 by International Business Machines

IBM Reference Manual - IBM 7070 Series Programming Systems - + Autocoder.

Note: illustration... are [0200]Typographical Error: or omitted [0460, compare 0490]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The following items may be specified in actual or symbolic form in the operands of those instructions which refer to the particular items : channel , unit , combined channel and unit , combined arm and file , unit record synchronizers , inquiry synchronizers , and alteration switches . +The declarative operation EQU is used to equate symbolic names to item numbers ( see page 85 ) . +Continuation cards +Certain Autocoder statements make provision for more parameters than may be contained in the operand ( columns 21 - 75 ) of a single line on the Autocoder coding sheet . +When this is the case , the appropriate section of this manual will indicate that `` Continuation Cards '' may be used . +Thus , when specifically permitted , the operand of a given line on the Autocoder coding sheet may be continued in the operand of from one to four additional lines which immediately follow . +

+

The label and operation columns must be blank and the continuation of the operand must begin in column 21 ; ; +i.e. , it must be left-justified in the operand column of the coding sheet . +The operand need not extend across the entire operand column of either the header card or continuation cards but may end with the comma following any parameter . +Remarks may appear to the right of the last parameter on each card provided they are separated from the operand by at least two blank spaces . +

+

Illustrations of the use of continuation cards are included throughout the examples illustrating the various statements . +

+

If a continuation card follows a statement that does not permit continuation cards , the compiler will generate a NOP and issue an error message . +Additional restrictions regarding the use of continuation cards with macro-instructions appear on page 106 . +

+

Reservation of index words and electronic switches +The assignment of actual addresses to symbolic index word and electronic switch names occurs in Phase 3 , of the Autocoder processor . +The initial availability of index words and electronic switches is determined by a table which is included in the Compiler Systems Tape . +This table originally indicates that index words 1 through 96 and electronic switches 1 through 30 are available for assignment to symbolic references ; ; +index words 97 through 99 are not available . +The initial setting of this table may be altered , however , as described in the 7070/7074 Data Processing System Bulletin `` IBM 7070/7074 Compiler System : Operating Procedure '' , form Aj . +

+

During the first pass of Phase 3 , , references to the actual addresses of index words and electronic switches are collected and the availability table is updated . +At the end of this pass , the table indicates which index words and electronic switches are not available for assignment to symbolic references . +

+

Both index words and electronic switches may have been made unavailable before the start of assignment in one of the following ways . +1 . +

+

The initial setting of the availability table indicated that the index word or electronic switch was not available for assignment . +2 . +

+

The one- or two-digit number of the index word or electronic switch was used in the operand of a symbolic machine instruction to specify indexing or as a parameter which is always an index word or electronic switch , e.g. , 3 . +

+

The one- or two-digit number of the index word or electronic switch was used in the operand of an EQU statement , e.g. , +

+

When the index words or electronic switches are reserved because of actual usage in the statements described above , the position or order of the statements within the program is not important ; ; +any such reference will make the index word or electronic switch unavailable at the end of this pass . +

+

During the assignment pass of Phase 3 , , index words and electronic switches are reserved as they are encountered during assignment . +Index words and electronic switches may be reserved in the following ways . +The first two methods apply to both index words and electronic switches ; ; +the third applies only to index words . +1 . +

+

During the assignment pass , each instruction is examined for reference to the symbolic name of an index word or electronic switch . +When such a reference is found , an actual address is assigned and the availability table is changed so that the assigned index word or switch is no longer available for later assignment . +2 . +

+

If the one- or two-digit address of an index word or electronic switch is used or is included in the operand of an XRESERVE or SRESERVE statement ( see page 99 ) , the corresponding index word or electronic switch is reserved . +3 . +

+

If a statement has been assigned an address in the index word area +by means of an actual label or +by means of an origin statement which refers to an actual address , the corresponding index word will be reserved . +These entries should normally appear at the beginning of the program or immediately following each LITORIGIN statement . +Otherwise , symbolic names may have previously been assigned to these same index words . +( This method does not apply to electronic switches . +

+

The preceding methods allow efficient use of index words and electronic switches during a sectionalized or multi-phase program , particularly when used in conjunction with the LITORIGIN statement . +Extreme caution should be used , however , to avoid the conflicting usage of an index word or electronic switch which may result from the assignment of more than one name or function to the same address . +

+

If the symbolic name or actual address of an index word or electronic switch appears or is included in the operand of an XRELEASE or SRELEASE statement ( see page 101 ) , the specified index word or electronic switch will again be made available , regardless of the method by which it was reserved . +It will not , however , be used for symbolic assignment until all other index words or electronic switches have been assigned for the first time . +

+

If , at any time during the assignment pass , the compiler finds that there are no more index words available for assignment , the warning message `` No More Index Words Available '' will be placed in the object program listing , the table will be altered to show that index words 1 through 96 are available , and the assignment will continue as before . +If the compiler finds that there are no more electronic switches available for assignment , the warning message `` No More Electronic Switches Available '' will be placed in the object program listing , the table will be altered to show that electronic switches 1 through 30 are available , and assignment will continue as before . +The resultant conflicting usage of index words or electronic switches may be avoided by reducing the number of symbolic names used , e.g. , through the proper use of the EQU , XRELEASE , or SRELEASE statements . +

+

As noted in Appendix C , index words 97 through 99 are never available for assignment to symbolic names by the compiler ; ; +also , index words 93 through 96 may have been made unavailable for assignment . +

+

Declarative statements +Autocoder declarative statements provide the processor with the necessary information to complete the imperative operations properly . +Declarative statements are never executed in the object program and should be separated from the program instruction area , placed preferably at its beginning or end . +Otherwise , special care must be taken to branch around them so that the program will not attempt to execute something in a data area as an instruction . +If the compiler does encounter such statements , a warning message will be issued . +7070/7074 Autocoder includes the following declarative statements : DA ( Define Area ) , DC ( Define Constant ) , DRDW ( Define Record Definition Word ) , DSW ( Define Switch ) , DLINE ( Define Line ) , EQU ( Equate ) , CODE,DTF ( Define Tape File ) , DIOCS ( Define Input/Output Control System ) , and DUF ( Descriptive Entry For Unit Records ) . +DA , DC , DTF , and DLINE require more than one entry . +

+

The DA statement is used to name and define the positions and length of fields within an area . +The DC statement is used to name and enter constants into the object program . +Since the 7070 and 7074 make use of record definition words ( RDWS ) to read , write , move , and otherwise examine blocks of storage , the DA and DC statements provide the option of generating RDWS automatically . +When so instructed , Autocoder will generate one or more RDWS and assign them successive locations immediately preceding the area with which they are to be associated . +An RDW will be of the form Af , where xxxx is the starting location of the area and yyyy is its ending location . +These addresses are calculated automatically by the processor . +

+

In some cases , it may be more advantageous to assign locations to RDWS associated with DA and DC areas in some other part of storage , i.e. , not immediately preceding the DA or DC areas . +The DRDW statement may be used for this purpose . +The DRDW statement may also be used to generate an RDW defining any area specified by the programmer . +

+

As many as ten digital switches may be named and provided by the DSW statement for consideration by the SETSW and logic macro-instructions . +Each switch occupies one digit position in a word , can be set on or off , and is considered as logically equivalent to an electronic switch . +It cannot , however , be referred to by electronic switch commands , e.g. , ESN , BSN , etc. . +An individual switch or the entire set of switches in a word may be tested or altered as desired . +

+

Through use of the DLINE statement , a means is provided for specifying both the editing of fields to be inserted in a print line area and the layout of the area itself . +The area may include constant information supplied by the programmer . +The area may also be provided with additional data during the running of the object program by means of EDMOV or move macro-instructions . +

+

The declarative statement EQU permits the programmer to equate symbolic names to actual index words , electronic switches , arm and file numbers , tape channel and unit numbers , alteration switches , etc. , and to equate a symbol to another symbol or to an actual address . +

+

The DIOCS , DTF , and DUF statements are used when required by the Input/Output Control System . +DIOCS is used to select the major methods of processing to be used , and to name the index words used by Aj . +Each tape file must be described by Tape File Specifications , produced by Aj . +In addition to information related to the file and its records , the File Specifications contain subroutine locations and the location of tape label information . +A DUF entry must be supplied for every unit record file describing the type of file and the unit record equipment to be used . +The DUF also supplies the locations of subroutines written by the user that are unique to the file . +

+

A full description of the DIOCS , DTF , and DUF statements is contained in the 7070 Data Processing System Bulletin `` IBM 7070 Input/Output Control System '' , form Aj . +Brief descriptions of these three declarative statements and detailed descriptions of the formats and functions of each of the other 7070/7074 Autocoder declarative statements follow below . +diocs -- define input/output control system +When the Input/Output Control System is to be used in a program , a DIOCS statement must be used to select the major methods of processing to be used . +This statement also allows the naming of the index words used by Aj . +Source program format +The basic format of the DIOCS statement is as follows : anylabel is any symbolic label ; ; +it may be omitted . +The entry DIOCS must be written exactly as shown . +

+

The first item in the operand , IOCSIXF , is used to specify the first IOCS index word for programs using tape files . +This item may be a symbolic name or an actual one-digit or two-digit index word address in the range 3 - 94 . +If the first item in the operand is omitted , the symbolic name IOCSIXF will be assigned . +When an actual index word or a symbolic address is specified , Autocoder will equate the name IOCSIXF to it . +

+

The second item in the operand , IOCSIXG , is used to specify the second IOCS index word for programs using tape files . +This item may be a symbolic name or an actual one-digit or two-digit index word address in the range 3 - 94 . +If the second item in the operand is omitted , the symbolic name IOCSIXG will be assigned . +When an actual index word or a symbolic address is specified , Autocoder will equate IOCSIXG to it . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j71.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j71.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..461f382fe6a6e3c61e7257c31fe65548845a6567 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j71.xml @@ -0,0 +1,151 @@ +Sample J71 from Captain Thomas D. McGrath, USN (Ret'd), "Submarine Defense" + United States Naval Institute Proceedings, 87: 7 (July, 1961), + 38-41. A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,034 words 2 (0.1%) quotes 3 symbolsJ71

Copyrightby U.S. Naval Institute. Used by permission. 0010-1980

 Captain Thomas D. McGrath, USN (Ret'd), "Submarine Defense" + United States Naval Institute Proceedings, 87: 7 (July, 1961), + 38-41.

Note: attacks which is [0640]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Thus , the three main categories of antisubmarine warfare operations are defense of shipping , defense of naval forces , and area defense . +The last category overlaps the others in amphibious operations and near terminals and bases . +

+

To effect these operations , five elements exist ( 1 ) surface , ( 2 ) air , ( 3 ) mines , ( 4 ) submarine , and ( 5 ) fixed installations . +Surface forces have been used to provide defense zones around naval and merchant ship formations , air to furnish area surveillance , and mines for protection of limited areas . +Submarines and shore installations are new elements . +The submarine now has a definite place in submarine defense particularly in denying enemy access to ocean areas . +Fixed installations offer possibilities for area detection . +Mine warfare is being reoriented against submarine targets . +

+

A sixth element , not always considered , is intelligence . +It includes operational intelligence of the enemy and knowledge of the environment . +Operational intelligence presumably will be available from our national intelligence agencies ; ; +intelligence on the environment will come from the recently augmented program in oceanography . +The major postwar development is the certainty that these elements should not be considered singly but in combination and as being mutually supporting . +

+

Necessity for an over-all concept +Thinking on submarine defense has not always been clear-cut . +Proponents of single elements tend to ensure predominance of that element without determining if it is justified , and the element with the most enthusiastic and vociferous proponents has assumed the greatest importance . +Consequently , air , surface , and submarine elements overshadow the mine , fixed installations , and intelligence . +These have sought more and more of what they have . +Each seems to strive for elimination of the necessity for the others . +This , despite postwar experience demonstrating that all elements are necessarily mutually supporting . +Thus , the most productive areas are not necessarily the most stressed . +This is stated to emphasize the necessity for an over-all concept of submarine defense , one which would provide positions of relative importance to ASW elements based on projected potentialities . +Then the enthusiasm and energy of all elements can be channeled to produce cumulative progress toward a common objective . +An over-all concept would have other advantages . +It would allow presentation to the public of a unified approach . +Now the problem is presented piecemeal and sometimes contradictorily . +While one element is announcing progress , another is delineating its problems . +The result can only be confusion in the public mind . +A unified concept can serve as a guide to budgeting and , if public support is gained , will command Congressional support . +Industry's main criticism of the Navy's antisubmarine effort is that it cannot determine where any one company or industry can apply its skills and know-how . +Lacking guidance , industry picks its own areas . +The result , coupled with the salesmanship for which American industry is famous , is considerable expenditure of funds and efforts in marginal areas . +An over-all concept will guide industry where available talents and facilities will yield greatest dividends . +Therefore , a broad concept of over-all submarine defense is needed for co-ordination of the Navy's efforts , for a logical presentation to the public , for industry's guidance , and as a basis for a program to the Congress . +

+

Principles involved in an over-all concept +That which follows will be a discussion of principles and possible content for an over-all concept of antisubmarine warfare . +Russia possesses the preponderance of submarines in the world , divided between her various fleets . +Some are also in Albania and others are on loan to Egypt . +Other countries which may willingly or unwillingly become Communist can furnish bases . +Communist target areas can be assumed , but there is no certainty that such assumptions coincide with Soviet intentions . +Attack can come from almost any direction against many locations . +Logically , then , the first principle of the plan must be that it is not rigidly oriented toward any geographical area . +

+

It is often stated that the submarine can be destroyed while building , at bases , in transit , and on station . +Destruction of the enemy's building and base complex , however , requires attacks on enemy territory , which is possible only in event of all-out hostilities . +In transit or on station , it may not be possible to attack the submarines until commission of an overt act . +The Communists are adept at utilizing hostilities short of general war and will do so whenever it is to their advantage . +Therefore the second principle of the plan must be that , while providing for all-out hostilities , its effectiveness is not dependent on general war . +

+

Antisubmarine warfare does not involve clashes between large opposing forces , with the decision a result of a single battle . +It is a war of attrition , of single actions , of an exchange of losses . +This exchange must result in our ending up with some effective units . +Initially , having fewer units of some elements -- especially submarines -- than the opponent , our capabilities need to be sufficiently greater than theirs , so that the exchange will be in our favor . +Therefore , the third principle of the plan must be that it does not depend for effectiveness on engagement by the same types , unless at an assured favorable exchange rate . +

+

The submarine has increased its effectiveness by several orders of magnitude since World War 2 . +Its speed has increased , it operates at increasingly greater depths , its submerged endurance is becoming unlimited , and it will become even more silent . +The next developments will probably be in weaponry . +The missile can gradually be expected to replace the torpedo . +As detection ranges increase , weapons will be developed to attack other submarines and surface craft at these ranges . +Therefore , the fourth principle of the plan must be that it provide for continuously increasing capabilities in the opponent . +

+

No element can accomplish the total objective of submarine defense . +Some elements support the others , but all have limitations . +Some limitations of one element can be compensated for by a capability of another . +Elements used in combination will increase the over-all capability more than the sum of the capabilities of the individual elements . +Therefore , the plan's fifth principle must be that it capitalize on the capabilities of all elements in combination . +

+

Conceivably the submarine defense problem can be solved by sufficient forces . +Numbers would be astronomical and current fiscal policies make this an impractical solution . +Shipbuilding , aircraft procurement , and weapon programs indicate that there will not be enough of anything . +Therefore , any measures taken in peacetime which will decrease force requirements in war will contribute greatly to success when hostilities occur . +Therefore , the sixth principle of the plan must be that it concentrate on current measures which will reduce future force requirements . +

+

The world is constantly changing ; ; +what was new yesterday is obsolescent today . +The seventh principle of the plan is self-evident ; ; +it must be flexible enough to allow for technological breakthroughs , scientific progress , and changes in world conditions . +

+

Supporting elements in asw operations +To this point the need for an over-all plan for submarine defense has been demonstrated , the mission has been stated , broad principles delineating its content laid down , and the supporting elements listed . +Before considering these elements in more detail , an additional requirement should be stated . +Large area coverage will accomplish all other tasks . +Therefore , because reduction in tasks results in reduction of forces required , the plan should provide for expanding area coverage . +But it must be remembered that the plan should not be oriented geographically . +Consequently , the system giving area coverage ( if such coverage is less than world wide ) must be flexible and hence at least partially mobile . +Since effective area coverage appears fairly remote , the requirement can be borne in mind while considering the elements : air , surface , sub-surface , fixed installations , mines , and intelligence . +These are arranged approximately in the order of the vociferousness of their proponents but will be discussed in the reverse order in the hope that the true order of importance will result . +

+

Intelligence , as used herein , will include information on possible opponents and on the environment which can affect operations . +These can be referred to as operational intelligence and environmental intelligence . +In submarine defense these must have maximum stress . +Good operational intelligence can ensure sound planning , greatly reduce force requirements , and increase tactical effectiveness . +Environmental intelligence is just as important . +The ocean presently co-operates with the target . +Full knowledge of the science of oceanography can bring the environment to our side , resulting in an increase in effectiveness of equipment and tactics , a decrease in enemy capabilities , and the development of methods of capitalizing on the environment . +Therefore , improved intelligence will result in reduced force requirements and , as it supports all other elements , rates a top priority . +Gathering intelligence is important , but of equal importance is its translation into usable form . +

+

A program is needed to translate the results of oceanographic research into tactical and operating instructions . +Approaching this problem on a statistical basis is invalid , because the opponent has the same sources available and will be encountered not under average conditions , but under the conditions most advantageous to him . +Therefore , the on-the-scene commander must have detailed operating instructions based on measurement of conditions , in the area , at the time of encounter . +All capabilities must be used to maximum advantage then . +Temperature , wind , oxygen content , depth , bottom character , and animal life are the chief environmental variables . +There may be others . +Variations in sound velocity should be measured rather than temperature , because more of the variables would be encompassed . +These variations must eventually be measured horizontally as well as vertically . +Progress in predicting water conditions is encouraging , but little guidance is available to the man at sea on the use of such information . +A concurrent effort is needed to make oceanographic data useful on the spot . +

+

Mine warfare has in the past been directed against surface targets . +By its nature it has always been of great psychological advantage and small efforts have required considerably greater counter-efforts . +Mines are being increasingly oriented against submarine targets . +They are still considered to be for use in restricted waters , however , and targets must come within a few yards of them . +Mines need to be recognized as a major element in anti-submarine warfare employment , extended to deep water , and have their effective area per unit increased . +Mines can be used to deny access to great areas ; ; +they are difficult to counter , cost little to maintain until required , and can be put into place quickly . +A most attractive feature is that detection and attack are combined in a single package . +Effective employment will reduce force requirements . +

+

For example , effective mine barriers from Florida to Cuba and across the Yucatan Channel from Cuba to Mexico would remove all requirements for harbor defense , inshore patrol , convoy escort , shipping control , and mine defense for the entire Gulf of Mexico . +More extended systems , covering all passage into the Caribbean , would free the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico from the previously listed requirements . +Systems covering the Gulf of St. Lawrence and possibly the entire coasts of the United States are not impossible . +Such mine defense systems could permit concentration of mobile forces in the open oceans with consequent increase in the probability of success . +The advantages inherent in mine warfare justify as great an importance for this element as is accorded any of the other elements . +

+

Fixed installations are increasingly advocated as the problem of area defense emerges . +The proponents are scientific and technical men who exercise considerable influence on their military counterparts . +Systems which detect submarines over wide areas are attractive , although they can be only `` burglar alarms '' . +Mobile forces are required to localize and attack detected targets , since the systems are not capable of pinpointing a target . +Such systems are expensive and are oriented geographically . +In an over-all ASW concept , dependence on and effort expended for such systems should be limited to those with proven capabilities . +No general installation should be made until a model installation has been proved and its maximum capability determined . +In addition , proposals for fixed installations should be carefully weighed against a counterpart mobile system . +Fixed installations will always lack the flexibility that should be inherent in naval systems . +

+

The submarine has become increasingly attractive as an antisubmarine weapon system . +It operates in its target's environment , and any advantage gained therefrom by the target is shared by the attacker . +But the submarine is a weapon of ambush and therefore always in danger of being ambushed . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j73.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j73.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fb0a3c3b5f1b4f66c1e0128ef49692d4296d1c07 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j73.xml @@ -0,0 +1,199 @@ +Sample J73 from Directory of Continuing Numeric Data Projects. Washington: + National Academy of Sciences. National Research Council, 1961. + Pp. 14-21. 0010-2150 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,105 words 6 (0.3%) quotes 2 symbols 4 formulasJ73

Directory of Continuing Numeric Data Projects. Washington: + National Academy of Sciences. National Research Council, 1961. + Pp. 14-21. 0010-2150 +

Typographical Error: institute [for Institute] [2040]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Organization : +In this publication measurements of interfacial angles of crystals are used to classify and identify chemical substances . +T. V. Barker , who developed the classification-angle system , was about to begin the systematic compilation of the index when he died in 1931 . +The compilation work was undertaken by a number of interested crystallographers in the Department of Mineralogy of the University Museum at Oxford . +Since 1948 the working headquarters has been the Department of Geology and Mineralogy . +Numerous cooperating individuals in Great Britain , Holland , the United States , and Belgium have contributed editorially or by making calculations . +Great interest and practical help have been given by the Barker Index Committee . +Financial and material help have come from academic , governmental , and industrial organizations in England and Holland . +Editors for Volumes 1 , and 2 , were M. W. Porter and the late R. C. Spiller , both of Oxford University . +A third volume remains to be published . +Substances : +Volume 1 , deals with 2991 compounds belonging to the tetragonal , hexagonal and trigonal , and orthorhombic systems ; ; +and Volume 2 , , with about 3500 monoclinic substances . +Volume 3 , , in preparation , will treat the anorthic compounds described in Groth's Chemische Krystallographie . +Properties : +The Barker system is based on the use of the smallest number of interfacial angles necessary for indexing purposes . +Other morphological , physical , and optical property values are also given . +Sources of data : +The index is essentially a new treatment of previously compiled morphological data . +Most of the data used are from Groth's Chemische Krystallographie . +Criticality : +Every calculation has been made independently by two workers and checked by one of the editors . +Use of nomenclature , symbols , units , physical constants : +Accepted crystallographic symbolism has been used ; ; +other symbols related to the index necessarily have been introduced . +Currency : +This publication covers the old literature ( Groth ) ; ; +there is no mechanism for keeping the volumes up to date . +Format : +The publication form is that of clothbound books . +The data are presented in lists and tables . +Part 1 in both volumes is labeled `` Introduction And Tables '' . +The tables include those for the classification angles , refractive indices , and melting points of the various types of crystals . +Part 2 of Volume 1 , and Parts 2 and 3 of Volume 2 , contain the crystal descriptions . +These are grouped into sections according to the crystal system , and within each section compounds are arranged in the same order as in Groth's Chemische Krystallographie . +An alphabetical list of chemical and mineralogical names with reference numbers enables one to find a particular crystal description . +References to the data sources are given in the crystal descriptions . +Publication and distribution : +The Barker index is published for the Barker Index Committee by W. Heffer & Sons , Ltd. , 4 Petty Cury , Cambridge , England . +Volume 1 , containing Parts 1 and 2 was published in 1951 ; ; +Volume 2 , , in three parts , in 1956 . +The two volumes are available from the publisher for $16.80 and $28.00 , respectively . +

+

2-2 . +Crystal data +organization : +The present edition of crystal data was written by J.D.H. Donnay , the Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Md. ( Part 2 ) ) and Werner Nowacki , University of Berne , Switzerland ( Part 1 ) ) with the collaboration of Gabrielle Donnay , U. S. Geological Survey , Washington , D. C. . +Many collaborators in the United States and Switzerland helped in collecting and assembling data , in making calculations , and in editing . +Support came from academic and industrial groups in these two countries . +The Geological Society of America gave a grant-in-aid to complete the work and bore the expenses of publication . +Preparation of a second edition is in progress under the sponsorship of the Crystal Data Committee of the American Crystallographic Association . +Coeditors are J.D.H. Donnay , G. E. Cox of Leeds University , and Olga Kennard of the National Council for Medical Research , London . +Financial grants have been received from the National Science Foundation and the ( British ) Institute of Physics for the compilation work and the publication costs . +The continuity of the project is suggested by plans for an eventual third edition . +Substances : +Elements , alloys , inorganic and organic compounds . +( Metal data will not be included in the second edition , since these have been collected independently by W. B. Pearson , National Research Council , Ottawa , and published as A handbook of lattice spacings and structures of metals and alloys by Pergamon Press . +) properties : +Crystallographic data resulting mainly from X-ray and electron diffraction measurements are presented . +Cell dimensions , number of formula units per cell , space group , and specific gravity are given for all substances . +For some substances , auxiliary properties such as the melting point are given . +Sources of data : +Part 1 , of the present edition covers the literature to mid-1948 ; ; +Part 2 , , up to the end of 1951 . +Much of the material comes directly from secondary sources such as Strukturbericht . +Criticality : +The vast number of compounds to be covered , the limited resources to do the job , and the immediate need for this type of compilation precluded a thorough evaluation of all available data in the present edition . +Future editions may be more critical . +Use of nomenclature , symbols , units , physical constants : +Since Parts 1 , and 2 , were prepared independently , the abbreviation schemes and the chemical symbols used differ in the two parts . +The second edition should have greater uniformity . +Currency : +A second edition is in preparation , and there are long range plans for a third . +Format : +Data in the present edition are presented in tables and lists . +Part 1 , deals with the classification of crystalline substances by space groups and is not a numerical data compilation . +The compounds are divided according to composition into seven categories . +Part 2 , contains determinative tables for the identification of crystalline substances . +These are arranged according to crystal system . +There are formula and name indexes covering both parts . +References for Part 1 , are given at the end and for Part 2 , in the tables . +Publication and distribution : +The present edition of crystal data ( Af ) , published in 1954 as Memoir 60 of the Geological Society of America , is now out of print . +The manuscript of the second edition will probably be ready by the end of 1960 . +

+

2-3 . +Crystal Structures +organization : +The author of Crystal Structures is Ralph W.G. Wyckoff , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona . +The first section of this publication appeared in 1948 and the last supplement in 1960 . +Though now complete , the publication is included in this directory because of its importance and because of the long-term nature of its preparation . +Substances : +Elements , inorganic and organic compounds ( no alloys ) . +Properties : +The data presented are derived almost entirely from X-ray diffraction measurements and include atomic coordinates , cell dimensions , and atomic and ionic radii . +Sources of data : +Published literature . +Criticality : +The aim was to state the results of all available determinations of atomic positions in crystals . +Presumably the tabulated data are best available values . +The critical comments in the textual sections of this publication are invaluable . +Use of nomenclature , symbols , units , physical constants : +The terminology used conforms to that of Internationale Tabellen Zur Bestimmung Von Kristallstrukturen . +Currency : +During the years of publication , supplement and replacement sheets were issued periodically . +Coverage of the literature extends through 1954 and includes some 1955 references . +It is to be hoped that some way will be found to keep this important work current . +Format : +The publication form is that of loose-leaf sheets ( Af ) contained in binders . +The book is divided into chapters and in each chapter the material is grouped into Text , Tables , Illustrations , and Bibliography . +Each group is paginated separately ; ; +numbers sometimes followed by letters are used so that insertions can be made . +Inorganic structures are found in Chapters 2 - 12 , organic structures in Chapters 13 - 15 . +Within each chapter an effort has been made to group together those crystals with similar structures . +There are three indexes , i.e. , an inorganic formula index , a mineralogical name index , and a name index to organic compounds . +Publication and distribution : +Publisher of Crystal Structures is Interscience Publishers , 250 Fifth Avenue , New York 1 , N. Y. . +The work consists of four sections and 5 supplements . +Price of the complete work including all necessary binders is $148.50 . +

+

2-4 . +Dana's System Of Mineralogy +organization : +Six editions of James Dwight Dana's System appeared between 1837 and 1892 . +In 1915 Edward S. Dana , editor of the sixth edition , asked W. E. Ford of Yale University to prepare a seventh edition of his father's work . +A number of people became involved in the preparation but work was slow until 1937 . +In that year a grant was obtained from the Penrose Fund of the Geological Society of America to finance additional full-time workers . +Money was also advanced by the publishers , John Wiley & Sons , Inc. . +Volume 1 , was completed in 1941 and published in 1944 . +The editors of this volume and Volume 2 , were the late Charles Palache , Clifford Frondel , and the late Harry Berman , all of Harvard University . +Work on Volume 2 , was begun in 1941 , interrupted by the war in 1942 , and resumed in 1945 . +The volume was completed in 1950 and published in 1951 . +A supplementary grant from the Geological Society of America helped finance its publication . +Besides the editors there were many contributors in the United States and Great Britain to Volumes 1 , and 2 . +W. E. Ford , for example , continued to supply data on the occurrence of minerals until his death in 1939 . +Volume 3 , is nearing completion and there are plans to revise Volume 1 . +The project is currently supported by Harvard University . +Substances : +minerals . +Properties : +Crystallographic , physical , optical , and chemical properties . +The crystallographic data given include interaxial angles and unit cell dimensions ; ; +the physical property values include hardness , melting point , and specific gravity . +Sources of data : +Almost entirely original articles in journals ; ; +abstracts and other compilations on rare occasions when original papers are not available . +Criticality : +All information is carefully appraised and uncertain facts are designated by ( '?' . +) An authentic diffraction pattern is always obtained and optical properties are frequently checked . +Use of nomenclature , symbols , units , physical constants : +Recommendations of international authorities , such as the International Union of Crystallography , are followed . +There is a complete synonymy at the beginning of each species description . +Currency : +Currency in the usual sense cannot be maintained in an undertaking of this sort . +Format : +The data are presented in text and tables in bound volumes . +Volume 1 , of the seventh edition contains an introduction and data for eight classes of minerals ; ; +Volume 2 , contains data for forty-two classes . +References are given at the end of each mineral description and a general index is given at the end of each volume . +There will be a comprehensive index in Volume 3 , covering all three volumes . +Publication and distribution : +Volume 1 ( ( Af ) of the seventh edition of Dana's System Of Mineralogy was published in 1944 and Volume 2 ( ( Af ) in 1951 by John Wiley & Sons , Inc. , New York , N. Y. . +( The association of Wiley & Sons with the Dana Mineralogies dates back to 1844 when they published the second edition of the system . +) The two volumes are available from the publisher for $14.00 and $16.00 , respectively . +

+

2-5 . +The Groth Institute +organization : +`` The Groth Institute '' , which was established in 1958 , is a group activity affiliated with the Physics Department of The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pa. . +Ray Pepinsky is the Director . +The Institute derives its name from Paul Von Groth's Chemische Krystallographie , a five-volume work which appeared between 1906 and 1919 . +The resident staff is large and consists of professional assistants , graduate students , abstractors , librarian , technical editor , machine operators , secretarial help , and others . +There are also corresponding members and outside advisory groups . +The Air Force Office of Scientific Research has provided financial assistance in the early stages of the Institute's program . +Substances : +All crystalline substances and other solid-state materials . +Properties : +The aim is to collect a very broad range of physical , chemical , morphological , and structural data for crystals on an encyclopedic scale and to seek all possible useful and revealing correlations of properties with internal structure . +Sources of data : +The first stage of operation has centered on the literature imaging of critical or summarizing tabulations such as the Barker Index . +Coverage of primary literature will follow . +Unpublished data will be available to the Groth institute from cooperating groups and individuals . +Criticality : +Critical evaluation of all data compiled is not a primary aim of this project . +However , the proposed correlation of the many interrelated properties of crystals will reveal discrepancies in the recorded data and suggest areas for reinvestigation . +In addition , the availability of computers will permit recalculation and refinement of much structural information . +Use of nomenclature , symbols , units , physical constants : +For punched-card or tape storage of information all literature values must be conformed to a common language . +In this way a degree of unification of nomenclature , symbols , and units will be realized . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j76.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j76.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f9133381ad659f0ab0f78575b9eba15ec74906ed --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j76.xml @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +Sample J76 from "Survey of foamed plastics" Modern Plastics Encyclopedia, edited by + Joel Frados. New York: Plastics Catalogue Corporation, 1961. + Pp. 390-393, of Vol 39, No. 1A. 0010-1940 +A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,064 words 2 (0.1%) quotes 2 symbolsJ76

"Survey of foamed plastics" Modern Plastics Encyclopedia, edited by + Joel Frados. New York: Plastics Catalogue Corporation, 1961. + Pp. 390-393, of Vol 39, No. 1A. 0010-1940 +

Arbitrary Hyphens: hydroxyl-rich [0660, 0720] free-blown [1810] air-cell [1160]Typographical Error: mid [0530]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Within only a few years , foamed plastics materials have managed to grow into an integral , and important , phase of the plastics industry -- and the end is still not yet in sight . +Urethane foam , as only one example , was only introduced commercially in this country in 1955 . +Yet last year's volume probably topped 100 million lb. and expectations are for a market of 275 million lb. by 1964 . +Many of the other foamed plastics , particularly the styrenes , show similar growth potential . +And there are even newer foamed plastics that are yet to be evaluated . +As this issue goes to press , for example , one manufacturer has announced an epoxy foam with outstanding buoyancy and impact strength ; ; +another reports that a cellular polypropylene , primarily for use in wire coating applications , is being investigated . +

+

On the following pages , each of the major commercial foamed plastics is described in detail , as to properties , applications , and methods of processing . +

+

It might be well to point out , however , some of the newer developments that have taken place within the past few months which might have a bearing on the future of the various foamed plastics involved . +In urethane foams , for example , there has been a definite trend toward the polyether-type materials ( which are now available in two-component rigid foam systems ) and the emphasis is definitely on one-shot molding . +Most manufacturers also seem to be concentrating on formulating fire-resistant or self-extinguishing grades of urethane foam that are aimed specifically at the burgeoning building markets . +Urethane foam as an insulator is also coming in for a good deal of attention . +In one outstanding example , Whirlpool Corp. found that by switching to urethane foam insulation , they could increase the storage capacity of gas refrigerators to make them competitive with electric models . +Much interest has also been expressed in new techniques for processing the urethane foams , including spraying , frothing , and molding ( see article , p. 391 for details ) . +And in meeting the demands for urethane foam as a garment interlining , new adhesives and new methods of laminating foam to a substrate have been developed . +

+

New techniques for automatic molding of expandable styrene beads have helped boost that particular material into a number of new consumer applications , including picnic chests , beverage coolers , flower pots , and flotation-type swimming toys . +Two other end-use areas which contributed to expandable styrene's growth during the year were packaging ( molded inserts replacing complicated cardboard units ) and foamed-core building panels . +Extruded expandable styrene film or sheet -- claimed to be competitive price-wise with paper -- also showed much potential , particularly for packaging . +Sandwich panels for building utility shelters that consist of kraft paper skins and rigid styrene foam cores also aroused interest in the construction field . +

+

In vinyl foam , the big news was the development of techniques for coating fabrics with the material ( for details , see P. 395 ) . +Better `` hand '' , a more luxurious feel , and better insulating properties were claimed to be the result . +Several companies also saw possibilities in using the technique for extruding or molding vinyl products with a slight cellular core that would reduce costs yet would not affect physical properties of the end product to any great extent . +

+

Readers interested in additional information on foams are referred to the Foamed Plastics Chart appearing in the Technical Data section and to the list of references which appears below . +

+

Urethane foams +Since the mid 1950s , when urethane foam first made its appearance in the American market , growth has been little short of fantastic . +Present estimates are that production topped the 100-million-lb. mark in 1960 ( 85 to 90 million lb. for flexible , 10 or 11 million lb. for rigid ) ; ; +by 1965 , production may range from 200 to 350 million lb. for flexible and from 115 to 150 million lb. for rigid . +The markets that have started to open up for the foam in the past year or so seem to justify the expectations . +Furniture upholstery , as just one example , can easily take millions of pounds ; ; +foamed refrigerator insulation is under intensive evaluation by every major manufacturer ; ; +and use of the foam for garment interlining is only now getting off the ground , with volume potential in the offing . +Basic chemistry +Urethane foams are , basically , reaction products of hydroxyl-rich materials and polyisocyanates ( usually tolylene diisocyanate ) . +Blowing can be either one of two types -- carbon dioxide gas generated by the reaction of water on the polyisocyanate or mechanical blowing through the use of a low-boiling liquid such as a fluorinated hydrocarbon . +

+

The most important factor in determining what properties the end-product will have is quite naturally the type of hydroxyl-rich compound that is used in its production . +Originally , the main types used were various compositions of polyesters . +These are still in wide use today , particularly in semi-rigid formulations , for such applications as cores for sandwich-type structural panels , foamed-in-place insulation , automotive safety padding , arm rests , etc. . +More recently , polyethers -- again in varied compositions , molecular weights , and branching -- have come into use at first for the flexible foams , just lately for the rigids . +The polyether glycols are claimed to give flexible urethanes a spring-back action which is much desired in cushioning . +

+

Although the first polyether foams on the market had to be produced by the two-step prepolymer method , today , thanks to new catalysts , they can be produced by a one-shot technique . +It is possible that the polyether foams may soon be molded on a production basis in low-cost molds with more intricate contours and with superior properties to latex foam . +

+

The polyester urethane foam is generally produced with adipic acid polyesters ; ; +the polyether group generally consists of foams produced with polypropylene glycol or polypropylene glycol modified with a triol . +One shot vs. prepolymer +In the prepolymer system , the isocyanate and resin are mixed anhydrously and no foaming occurs . +The foaming can be accomplished at some future time at a different location by the addition of the correct proportion of catalyst in solution . +In one-shot , the isocyanate , polyester or polyether resin , catalyst , and other additives are mixed directly and a foam is produced immediately . +Basically , this means that simpler processing equipment ( the mixture has good flowing characteristics ) and less external heat ( the foaming reaction is exothermic and develops internal heat ) are required in one-shot foaming , although , at the same time , the problems of controlling the conditions of one-shot foaming are critical ones . +Properties +Most commercial uses of urethane foams require densities between 2 and 30 lb. / cu. ft. for rigid foams , between 1 and 3 lb. / cu. ft. for flexible foams . +This latter figure compares with latex foam rubber at an average of 5.5 lb. / cu. ft. in commercial grades . +Compression strength : +Graph in Fig. 1 , p. 392 , indicates how the ratio of compressive strength to density varies as the latter is increased or decreased . +The single curve line represents a specific formulation in a test example . +By varying the formula , this curve may be moved forward or backward along the coordinates to produce any desired compression strength / density ratio . +Thermal conductivity and temperature resistance : +In flexible urethane foams , we are referring to the range between the highest and lowest temperatures under which the materials' primary performance remains functionally useful . +In temperature resistance , this quality is usually related to specific properties , e.g. , flexural , tensile strengths , etc. . +Thermal conductivity is directly traceable to the material's porous , air-cell construction which effectively traps air or a gas in the maze of minute bubbles which form its composition . +These air or gas bubbles make highly functional thermal barriers . +The K factor , a term used to denote the rate of heat transmission through a material ( B.t.u./sq. ft. of material/hr./*0F./in. of thickness ) ranges from 0.24 to 0.28 for flexible urethane foams and from 0.12 to 0.16 for rigid urethane foams , depending upon the formulation , density , cell size , and nature of blowing agents used . +Table 1 , , p. 394 , shows a comparison of K factor ratings of a number of commercial insulating materials in common use , including two different types of rigid urethane foam . +Flexural strength : +This term refers to the ability of a material to resist bending stress and is determined by measuring the load required to cause failure by bending . +The higher-density urethane semi-rigid foams usually have stronger flex fatigue resistance , i.e. , the 12 lb. / cu. ft. foam has 8 times the flexural strength of the 3 lb. / cu. ft. density . +Note that flexural strength is not always improved by simply increasing the density , nor is the change always proportional from one formulation to another . +Where flexural strength is an important factor , be sure that your urethane foam processor is aware of it . +Tensile strength : +This property refers to the greatest longitudinal stress or tension a material can endure without tearing apart . +( like compression strength of urethane foams , it has a direct relationship to formulation . +) Exceptional tensile strength is another of urethane foam's strong features . +Figure 2 , above , shows the aging properties of urethane foams as determined by the percent of change in tensile strength during exposure to ultra-violet light . +Processing urethanes +There are many ways of producing a foamed urethane product . +The foam can be made into slab stock and cut to shape , it can be molded , it can be poured-in-place , it can be applied by spray guns , etc. . +

+

Slab stock is still one of the most important forms of urethane end-product in use today . +Basically , the foam machines that produce such stock consist of two or more pumping units , a variable mixer , a nozzle carriage assembly , and , in many cases , a conveyor belt to transport and contain the liquid during the reaction process and until it solidifies into foam . +The ingredients are fed from tanks through a hose and into the mixer at a predetermined rate . +The mixing head moves back and forth slowly across the width of the receptacle . +It only takes a few minutes for the foaming action to be completed and after a short cure , the material can be cut into lengths as desired . +

+

Much has been done in the way of ingenious slitters to fabricate the slab stock into finished products . +Profile cutting machines are available which can split foam to any desired thickness and produce sine , triangle , trapezoid , and other profiles in variable heights , dimensions , etc. . +The convoluted sheets can be combined to attain certain cushioning effects mechanically rather than chemically . +Also available is a slitter which `` peels '' the inside of a folded block of foam and can be used to slit continuous sheets up to 300 yd. in length , down to 1/16 in. thick . +

+

The low cost and ease of fabrication of the dies for three-dimensional foam cutting plus the wide variety of shapes , dimensions , and contours that can be tailor-made to customer requirements has made the technique useful for producing case liners , materials handling containers , packaging and cushioning devices , and such novelties as soap dishes , toys , head rests , arch supports , and gas pedal covers . +Molding +Although slab stock appeared first , it soon became apparent that for the production of cushions with irregular shapes , crowned contours , or rounded edges , the cutting of slab stock is a wasteful and uneconomical process . +Only by resorting to molding techniques can the cushion manufacturer hope to compete satisfactorily in the established cushion market . +

+

The closed molding of flexible urethane foams has been a problem ever since the introduction of the material ( molding in open molds was more feasible ) . +Satisfactory methods for polyester foams and even prepolymer polyether foams were never fully achieved . +Closed molding generally resulted in parts weighing more ( because of higher density ) than parts fabricated from free-blown foams . +This counteracted the gain from having no scrap loss . +In addition , there were difficulties with the flow and spreading of the foam mixture over the mold surface , trouble with lack of gel strength in the rising foam , and problems of splits . +The introduction of one-shot polyether foam systems , aided by the development of new catalysts , helped to alleviate some of the problems of closed molding . +While there are still many bugs to be ironed out , the technique is fast developing . +Other techniques +Simple systems are available that make it possible for urethane foam components to be poured , pumped , etc. , into a void where they foam up to fill the void . +In a typical application -- the making of rigid urethane foam sandwich panels -- an amount of foam mixture calculated to expand 10 to 20% more than the volume of the panel is poured into the panel void and the top of the panel is locked in place by a jig . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/j80.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/j80.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c02add7a39181cb3e3892ad272e8d97636afaae3 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/j80.xml @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +Sample J80 from C. J. Savant et al., Principles of Inertial Navigation. + New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1961. Pp. 144-150. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,046 words 24 symbols 16 formulasJ80

CopyrightMcGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., Used by permission. 0010-1890

 C. J. Savant et al., Principles of Inertial Navigation. + New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1961. Pp. 144-150. +

Arbitrary Hyphen: non-linear [0620]Note: The input axis...are parallel [1700]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

A gyro-stabilized platform system , using restrained gyros , is well suited for automatic leveling because of the characteristics of the gyro-platform-servo combination . +The restrained gyro-stabilized platform with reasonable response characteristics operates with an approximate equation of motion , neglecting transient effects , as follows : Af where U is a torque applied about the output axis of the controlling gyro . +

+

The platform angle **yf is the angle about which the gyro is controlling . +This is normally termed the gyro input axis , 90-degrees away from the gyro output or **yj axis . +The gyro angular momentum is defined by H . +

+

Thus if the gyro and platform-controller combination maintains the platform with zero angular deviation about the **yf axis , the system can be rotated with an angular velocity Af if a torque is supplied to the gyro output axis Aj . +It is assumed that the gyros are designed with electrical torquers so that a torque can be applied about their output axes . +

+

In the system shown in Fig. 7-1 , the accelerometer output is amplified and the resulting voltage is applied to the gyro output-axis torquer . +This torque causes the entire system to rotate about the **yf axis , since the response to Af . +If the polarities are correct , the platform rotates in such a direction as to reduce the accelerometer output to zero . +As the accelerometer output is decreasing , the torque applied to the gyro output axis decreases and , therefore , the rate decreases . +Finally , when the accelerometer output is zero , the entire system remains stationary , and the platform is , by definition , leveled . +

+

A mathematical block diagram for the leveling system is shown in Fig. 7-2 . +The platform is initially off level by the angle Aj . +The angle generated by the platform servo **yf multiplied by G is the effective acceleration acting on the accelerometer . +Af is the scale factor of the accelerometer ( Af ) . +The voltage Af is amplified by Af and applied to the gyro torquer with scale factor Af . +Finally , the gyro-stabilized platform characteristic is represented by Af . +The system as indicated in Fig. 7-2 is fundamental and simple because the transient effects of both the platform servo and the accelerometer have been neglected . +With these factors included , an upper limit is placed on the allowable loop gain by stability considerations . +In this type of system , a high loop gain is desirable because it provides a fast response time . +

+

When the frequency response characteristics of practical components are considered , their effect on stability does not present the most serious limit on the system loop gain . +The time required for the system to reach a level position is approximately inversely proportional to the servo loop gain . +In addition , the cutoff frequency for input accelerations is approximately proportional to the servo loop gain ; ; +i.e. , high loop gain causes the system to respond to horizontal components of accelerations . +This problem usually determines the lower limit of loop gain rather than response time . +

+

It must be noticed in Fig. 7-1 that the accelerometer responds to any input acceleration . +The equation relating input acceleration to output platform angle is Af . +In practice , the preflight leveling process takes place with the system mounted in the airframe . +When the system is arranged for automatic leveling , the platform angles respond to any horizontal components of acceleration acting on the accelerometers . +There are many such components of acceleration present due to the effect of wind gusts , engine noise , turbulence around the vehicle , etc. . +One of the greatest problems associated with automatic leveling is establishing a true level in the presence of high-level acceleration noise . +One solution to the problem is to operate with a low loop gain and to include low-pass filters . +This technique causes the system to respond only to low frequency acceleration components such as the platform tilt . +Since a lower loop gain and low-pass filtering increases the response time , a practical compromise must be reached . +

+

One of the most desirable solutions is achieved by the use of a non-linear amplifier for Af . +The amplifier is designed so that its gain is large for accelerometer signals above a certain threshold level . +Below this level , the amplifier gain Af is proportional and is of small value , in order to provide adequate noise filtering . +The effect is that the platform returns from an off-level position at a rapid rate until it is nearly level , at which point the platform is controlled by a proportional servo with low enough frequency response so that the noise has little effect on the leveling process . +

+

When the system is on automatic leveling , the gyro drift is canceled by the output of the leveling system ( amplifier Af ) . +The platform actually tilts off level so that the accelerometer output , when amplified by Af , will supply the correct current to the gyro torquer to cancel the gyro drift . +The amount of platform dip required depends upon the scale factors of the system . +

+

7-3 . +Practical leveling considerations . +

+

The automatic leveling system described in this section is readily adaptable to a gyro-stabilized platform consisting of three integrating gyros . +The system requires some switching of flight equipment circuits . +However , the leveling operation can be maintained and controlled remotely with no mechanical or optical contact with the platform . +

+

This leveling system will hold the platform on-level , automatically , as long as the system is actuated . +A useful by-product of this system is that the information necessary to set the gyro drift biases is available from the currents necessary to hold the system in level . +

+

The leveling process can be accomplished manually , and the results are as satisfactory as those obtained with automatic equipment . +The process consists in turning the platform manually until the outputs of both accelerometers are zero . +The turning is accomplished by applying voltage to the gyro torquers described above . +In brief , the human replaces amplifier Af in Figs. 7-1 and 7-2 . +

+

Manual leveling requires an appropriate display of the accelerometer outputs . +If high accuracy is required in preflight leveling , it is usually necessary to integrate or doubly integrate the accelerometer outputs ( this also minimizes the noise problem ) . +With integration , the effect of a small acceleration ( or small platform tilt angle ) can be seen after a time . +However , skill is required on the part of an operator to level a platform to any degree of accuracy . +Also , it requires more time as compared to the automatic approach . +

+

Manual leveling is inconvenient if the platform must be maintained accurately level for any prolonged period of time . +The operator must continually supply the correct amount of turning current to the gyro torquers so that the effect of gyro drift is canceled . +This process is especially difficult since gyro drifting is typically random . +

+

7-4 . +Platform heading . +

+

Platform heading consists of orienting the sensitive axis of the accelerometers parallel to the desired coordinate system of the navigator . +In simpler terms , it amounts to pointing the platform in the proper direction . +

+

For purely inertial navigators , two techniques are available to accomplish the platform heading : Use of external or surveying equipment to establish proper heading ; ; +

+

Use of the characteristics of the platform components for an indication of true heading . +The choice of the heading technique is dependent upon the accuracy requirements , field conditions , and the time available to accomplish the heading . +

+

7-5 . +External determination of heading -- surveying technique . +

+

With the gyro-stabilized platform leveled , it can be headed in the proper direction by using surveying techniques . +The platform accelerometers must be slightly modified for this procedure . +Before the accelerometers are mounted on the platform , the direction of their sensitive axis must be accurately determined . +A mirror is mounted on each accelerometer so that the plane of the mirror is perpendicular to the sensitive axis of the unit . +Transit . +

+

A precision transit is set up so that it is aligned with respect to true north . +This can be done to a high degree of accuracy by existing surveying techniques . +With the transit set up , a mirror on one of the accelerometers is sighted and the platform is turned until it is aligned . +

+

The sighting procedure includes the use of a fixture for the transit to project a beam of light , which is darkened by crossed hairs , on the accelerometer mirror . +When the platform is aligned , the reflected image of the crossed hairs can be seen exactly superimposed upon the original crossed hairs . +The images can easily be aligned with a high degree of accuracy . +The platform is turned as required by supplying currents to the appropriate gyro torquers . +

+

Although this technique is simple and satisfactory , one practical difficulty does exist : the direction of true north must be known for each launch point . +However , this difficulty is not too serious if it is realized that a surveying team can establish a true north base line with a few days' work . +

+

In many installations , the inertial platform is raised off the ground a considerable height when it is mounted in the vehicle before flight . +With this situation , it is difficult to sight in on the platform with surveying equipment . +If the platform is not too high off the ground , a transit can be mounted on a stand to raise it up to the platform . +Obviously , the heading accuracy is lessened by such techniques since errors are introduced because of motion of the stand . +Autocollimator . +

+

The transit can be replaced by an autocollimator . +This instrument provides an electrical signal proportional to the angular deviations of the platform and can be used to automatically hold the platform on true heading . +The electrical signal from the autocollimator is amplified and supplied to the Z-gyro torquer . +If the polarity is correct , the platform will turn until the heading error angle is zero . +Information is also available from this autocollimator system to set the drift bias for the Z-axis gyro . +If the Z gyro is drifting , a current generated by the autocollimator is delivered to the gyro torquer to cancel the drift . +If the drift error is systematic , it can be canceled with a bias circuit which can be arranged and adjusted to supply the required compensating current . +Electrical pickoffs . +

+

It is possible to locate an angular electrical pickoff , which will indicate the angular deviation between the true heading direction and the platform . +Essentially , the stator or reference portion of the pickoff is established with respect to the true heading direction , and the platform is turned either manually or automatically until the angular electrical pickoff signal is reduced to zero . +

+

7-6 . +Gyrocompass heading . +

+

Gyrocompass alignment is an automatic heading system which depends upon the characteristic of one gyro to establish true heading . +For the case of a purely inertial autonavigator consisting of three restrained gyros , a coordinate system is used where the sensitive axis of the X accelerometer is parallel to the east-west direction at the base point , and the Y accelerometer sensitive axis is parallel to the north-south direction at the base point . +The accelerometers are mounted rigidly on the platform . +Thus , if one accelerometer is properly aligned , the other is also . +The input axis of the appropriate gyros are parallel to the sensitive direction of the accelerometers . +

+

Figure 7-3 shows a platform system with the gyro vectors arranged as described above . +The platform is leveled and properly headed , so that the X-gyro input axis is parallel to the east-west direction and the Y-gyro input axis is parallel to the north-south direction . +

+

The input axis of the X gyro , when pointing in the east-west direction , is always perpendicular to the spin axis of earth . +If the platform is not properly headed , the X-gyro input axis will see a component of the earth's rotation . +The sensing of this rotation by the X gyro can be utilized to direct the platform into proper heading . +

+

In Fig. 7-4 , the input axis of the three-axis platform is shown at some point on the earth . +The point is at a latitude **yl , and the platform is at an error in heading east . +The earth is spinning at an angular velocity **zq equal to one revolution per 24 hr. . +When the platform is level , **ye is a rotation about the Z axis of the platform Af . +Since the earth is rotating and the unleveled gyro-stabilized platform is fixed with respect to a reference in space , an observer on the earth will see the platform rotating ( with respect to the earth ) . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/k03.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/k03.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..389cd0544ba815ece5956ebe5681b1ef3e721ef9 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/k03.xml @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ +Sample K03 from Tristram Coffin, Not to the Swift. + New York: W. W. Norton & Co., Inc., 1961. Pp. 200-204. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,012 words 999 (49.7%) quotes 1 symbolK03

Used by permission of Tristram Coffin. 0010-1650

 Tristram Coffin, Not to the Swift. + New York: W. W. Norton & Co., Inc., 1961. Pp. 200-204. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Mickie sat over his second whisky-on-the-rocks in a little bar next to the funeral parlor on Pennsylvania Avenue . +Al's Little Cafe was small , dark , narrow , and filled with the mingled scent of beer , tobacco smoke , and Italian cooking . +Hanging over the bar was an oil painting of a nude Al had accepted from a student at the Corcoran Gallery who needed to eat and drink and was broke . +The nude was small and black-haired and elfin , and was called `` Eloise '' . +

+

This was one place where Moonan could go for a drink in a back booth without anyone noticing him , or at least coming up and hanging around and wanting to know all the low-down . +The other patrons were taxi drivers and art students and small shopkeepers . +The reporters had not yet discovered that this was his hideaway . +

+

His friend Jane was with him . +She was wise enough to realize a man could be good company even if he did weigh too much and didn't own the mint . +She was the widow of a writer who had died in an airplane crash , and Mickie had found her a job as head of the historical section of the Treasury . +This meant sorting out press clippings and the like . +

+

Jane sat receptive and interested . +Mickie had a pleasant glow as he said , `` You see , both of them , I mean the President and Jeff Lawrence , are romantics . +A romantic is one who thinks the world is divinely inspired and all he has to do is find the right key , and then divine justice and altruism will appear . +It's like focusing a camera ; ; +the distant ship isn't there until you get the focus . +You know what I'm talking about . +I'm sure all girls feel this way about men until they live with them . +

+

`` But when it comes to war , the Colonel knows what it is and Jeff doesn't . +Mr. Christiansen knows that a soldier will get the Distinguished Service Medal for conduct that would land him in prison for life or the electric chair as a civilian . +He had a mean , unbroken sheer bastard in his outfit , and someone invented the name Trig for him . +That's to say , he was trigger happy . +He'd shoot at anything if it was the rear end of a horse or his own sentry . +He was a wiry , inscrutable , silent country boy from the red clay of rural Alabama , and he spoke with the broad drawl that others normally make fun of . +But not in front of Trig . +I heard of some that tried it back in the States , and he'd knock them clear across the room . +There'd been a pretty bad incident back at the Marine base . +A New York kid , a refugee from one of the Harlem gangs , made fun of Trig's accent , and drew a knife . +Before the fight was over , the Harlem boy had a concussion and Trig was cut up badly . +They caught Trig stealing liquor from the officers' mess , and he got a couple of girls in trouble . +The fear of punishment just didn't bother him . +It wasn't there . +It was left out of him at birth . +This is why he made such a magnificent soldier . +He wasn't troubled with the ordinary , rank-and-file fear that overcomes and paralyzes and sends individual soldiers and whole companies under fire running in panic . +It just didn't occur to Trig that anything serious would happen to him . +Do you get the picture of the kind of fellow he was '' ? ? +

+

Jane nodded with a pleasant smile . +

+

`` All right . +There was a sniper's nest in a mountain cave , and it was picking off our men with devilish accuracy . +The Colonel ordered that it be wiped out , and I suggested , ' You ask for volunteers , and promise each man on the patrol a quart of whisky , ten dollars and a week-end pass to Davao . +Trig was one of the five volunteers . +The patrol snaked around in back of the cave , approached it from above and dropped in suddenly with wild howls . +You could hear them from our outpost . +There was a lot of shooting . +We knew the enemy was subdued , because a flare was fired as the signal . +So we hurried over . +Two of our men were killed , a third was wounded . +Trig and a very black colored boy from Detroit had killed or put out of action ten guerrillas by grenades and hand-to-hand fighting . +When we got there , Trig and the Negro were quarreling over possession of a gold crucifix around the neck of a wounded Filipino . +The colored boy had it , and Trig lunged at him with a knife and said , ' Give that to me , you black bastard . +We don't 'low nigras to walk on the same sidewalk with white men where I come from . +

+

`` The Negro got a bad slice on his chest from the knife wound '' . +

+

`` What did the Colonel do about the men '' ? ? +Jane asked in her placid , interested way . +

+

Mickie laughed . +`` He recommended both of them for the DSM and the Detroit fellow for the Purple Heart , too , for a combat-inflicted wound . +So you see Mr. Christiansen knows what it's all about . +But not Jeff Lawrence . +When he was in the war , he was in Law or Supplies or something like that , and an old buddy of his told me he would come down on Sundays to the Pentagon and read the citations for medals -- just like the one we sent in for Trig -- and go away with a real glow . +These were heroes nine feet tall to him '' . +

+

Jefferson Lawrence was alone at the small , perfectly appointed table by the window looking out over the river . +He had dinner and sat there over his coffee watching the winding pattern of traffic as it crossed the bridge and spread out like a serpent with two heads . +Beside him was Mrs. Dalloway . +He thought how this dainty , fragile older woman threading her way through the streets of Westminster on a day in June , enjoying the flowers in the shops , the greetings from old friends , but never really drawing a deep , passionate breath , was so like himself . +He , and Mrs. Dalloway , too , had never permitted themselves the luxury of joys that dug into the bone marrow of the spirit . +

+

He had not because he was both poor and ambitious . +Poverty imposes a kind of chastity on the ambitious . +They cannot stop to grasp and embrace and sit in the back seat of cars along a dark country lane . +No , they must look the other way and climb one more painful step up the ladder . +He made the decision with his eyes open , or so he thought . +At any cost , he must leave the dreary Pennsylvania mining town where his father was a pharmacist . +And so he had , so he had . +At State College , he had no time to walk among the violets on the water's edge . +From his room he could look out in springtime and see the couples hand in hand walking slowly , deliciously , across the campus , and he could smell the sweet vernal winds . +He was not stone . +He was not unmoved . +He had to teach himself patiently that these traps were not for him . +He must mentally pull the blinds and close the window , so that all that existed was in the books before him . +At law school , the same . +More of this stamping down of human emotion as a young lawyer in New York . +By the time he was prosperous enough -- his goals were high -- he was bald and afraid of women . +The only one who would have him was his cripple , the strange unhappy woman who became his wife . +Perhaps it was right ; ; +perhaps it was just . +He had dared to defy nature , to turn his back to the Lorelei , and he was punished . +Like Mrs. Dalloway , with her regrets about Peter Walsh , he had his moments of melancholy over a youth too well spent . +If he had had a son , he would tell him , `` Gather ye rosebuds while ye may This same flower that smiles today tomorrow will be dying '' . +But then his son could afford it . +

+

Lawrence was waiting for Bill Boxell . +The Vice President had called and asked if he could see the Secretary at his home . +He said the matter was urgent . +The Secretary was uneasy about the visit . +He did not like Boxell . +He suspected something underhanded and furtive about him . +Lawrence could not put his finger on it precisely , and this worried him . +When you disliked or distrusted a man , you should have a reason . +Human nature was not a piece of meat you could tell was bad by its smell . +Lawrence stared a minute at the lighted ribbon of traffic , hoping that a clue to his dislike of the Vice President would appear . +It did not . +Therefore , he decided he was unfair to the young man and should make an effort to understand and sympathize with his point of view . +

+

A half hour later the Vice President arrived . +He looked very carefully at every piece of furnishing , as though hoping to store this information carefully in his mind . +He observed the Florentine vase in the hall , the Renoir painting in the library , as well as the long shelves of well-bound volumes ; ; +the pattern of the Oriental rug , the delicate cut-glass chandelier . +

+

He said to the Secretary , `` I understand you came from a little Pennsylvania town near Wilkes-Barre . +How did you find out about this '' ? ? +He waved his arm around at the furnishings . +

+

It was not a discourteous question , Lawrence decided . +This young man had so little time to learn he had to be curious ; ; +he had to find out . +The Secretary did not tell him at what cost , at what loneliness , he learned these things . +He merely said , `` Any good decorator these days can make you a tasteful home '' . +

+

The Vice President said , `` If you hear of any names that would fix me cheap in return for advertising they decorated the Vice President's home , let me know . +I can do business with that kind '' . +

+

Again , Lawrence thought a little sadly , these were the fees of poverty and ambition . +Boxell did not have the chance to grow up graciously . +He had to acquire everything he was going to get in four years . +

+

They had brandy in the library . +Boxell looked at Lawrence with a searching glance , the kind that a prosecuting attorney would give a man on trial . +What are your weaknesses ? ? +Where will you break ? ? +How best to destroy your peace ? ? +

+

The Vice President said with a slight bluster , `` There isn't anyone who loves the President more than I do . +Old Chris is my ideal . +At the same time , you have to face facts and realize that a man who's been in the Marine Corps all his life doesn't understand much about politics . +What does a monk know about sex '' ? ? +

+

Lawrence listened with the practiced , deceptive calm of the lawyer , but his face was in the shadow . +

+

`` So , we have to protect the old man for his own good . +You see what I mean . +Congress is full of politicians , and if you want to get along with them , you have to be politic . +This is why I say we just can't go ahead and disarm the Germans and pull down our own defenses . +Let me tell you what happened to me today . +A fellow came up to me , a Senator , I don't have to tell you his name , and he told me , ' I love the President like a brother , but God damn it , he's crucifying me . +I've got a quarter of a million Germans in my state , and those krautheads tune in on Father Werther every night , and if he tells them to go out and piss in the public square , that's what they do . +He's telling them now to write letters to their Congressmen opposing the disarmament of Germany . +And another one comes to me and he says , ' Look here , there's a mill in my state employs five thousand people making uniforms for the Navy . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/k05.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/k05.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d533ea0e6480493806384c3214d0363b061b6d14 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/k05.xml @@ -0,0 +1,229 @@ +Sample K05 from David Stacton, The Judges of the Secret Court. + New York: Pantheon Books, Inc., 1961. Pp. 50-56. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,008 words 38 (1.9%) quotesK05

Used by permission of David Stacton.0010-1660

 David Stacton, The Judges of the Secret Court. + New York: Pantheon Books, Inc., 1961. Pp. 50-56. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Payne dismounted in Madison Place and handed the reins to Herold . +There was a fog , which increased the darkness of the night . +Two gas lamps were no more than a misleading glow . +He might have been anywhere or nowhere . +

+

The pretence was that he was delivering a prescription from Dr. Verdi . +Secretary of State Seward was a sick man . +The idea had come from Herold , who had once been a chemist's clerk . +The sick were always receiving medicines . +No one would question such an errand . +The bottle was filled up with flour . +

+

Before Payne loomed the Old Clubhouse , Seward's home , where Key had once been killed . +Now it would have another death . +From the outside it was an ordinary enough house of the gentry . +He clomped heavily up the stoop and rang the bell . +Like the bell at Mass , the doorbell was pitched too high . +It was still Good Friday , after all . +

+

A nigger boy opened the door . +Payne did not notice him . +He was thinking chiefly of Cap . +If their schedules were to synchronize , there was no point in wasting time . +He pushed his way inside . +

+

For a moment the hall confused him . +This was the largest house he had ever been in , almost the largest building , except for a hotel . +He had no idea where Seward's room would be . +In the half darkness the banisters gleamed , and the hall seemed enormous . +Above him somewhere were the bedrooms . +Seward would be up there . +

+

He explained his errand , but without bothering much to make it plausible , for he felt something well up in him which was the reason why he had fled the army . +He did not really want to kill , but as in the sexual act , there was a moment when the impulse took over and could not be downed , even while you watched yourself giving way to it . +He was no longer worried . +Everything would be all right . +He knew that in this mood he could not be stopped . +

+

Still , the sensation always surprised him . +It was a thrill he felt no part in . +He could only watch with a sort of gentle dismay while his body did these quick , appalling , and efficient things . +

+

He brushed by the idiotic boy and lumbered heavily up the stairs . +They were carpeted , but made for pumps and congress gaiters , not the great clodhoppers he wore . +The sound of his footsteps was like a muffled drum . +

+

At the top of the stairs he ran into somebody standing there angrily in a dressing gown . +He stopped and whispered his errand . +Young Frederick Seward held out his hand . +Panting a little , Payne shook his head . +Dr. Verdi had told him to deliver his package in person . +

+

Frederick Seward said his father was sleeping , and then went through a pantomime at his father's door , to prove the statement . +

+

`` Very well '' , Payne said . +`` I will go '' . +He smiled , but now that he knew where the elder Seward was , he did not intend to go . +He pulled out his pistol and fired it . +It made no sound . +It had misfired . +Reversing it , he smashed the butt down on Frederick Seward's head , over and over again . +

+

It was the first blow that was always difficult . +After that , violence was exultantly easy . +He got caught up into it and became a different person . +Only afterwards did an act like that become meaningless , so that he would puzzle over it for days , whereas at the time it had seemed quite real . +

+

The nigger boy fled down the stairs , screaming , `` Murder '' . +

+

It was not murder at all . +Payne was more methodical than that . +He was merely clearing a way to what he had to do . +

+

He ran for the sick room , found his pistol was broken , and threw it away . +A knife would do . +From childhood he had known all about knives . +Someone blocked the door from inside . +He smashed it in and tumbled into darkness . +He saw only dimly moving figures , but when he slashed them they yelled and fled . +He went for the bed , jumped on it , and struck where he could , repeatedly . +It was like finally getting into one's own nightmares to punish one's dreams . +

+

Two men pulled him off . +Nobody said anything . +Payne hacked at their arms . +There was a lady there , in a nightdress . +He would not have wanted to hurt a lady . +Another man approached , this one fully dressed . +When the knife went into his chest , he went down at once . +

+

`` I'm mad '' , shouted Payne , as he ran out into the hall . +`` I'm mad '' , and only wished he had been . +That would have made things so much easier . +But he was not mad . +He was only dreaming . +

+

He clattered down the stairs and out of the door . +Somewhere in the fog , the nigger boy was still yelling murder . +One always wakes up , even from one's own dreams . +The clammy air revived him . +Herold , he saw , had fled . +

+

Well , one did not expect much of people like Herold . +

+

He unhitched his horse , walked it away , mounted , and spurred it on . +The nigger boy was close behind him . +Then the nigger boy turned back and he was alone . +He rode on and on . +He had no idea where he was . +After some time he came to an open field . +An open field was better than a building , that was for sure , so he dismounted , turned off the horse , and plunged through the grass . +

+

He felt curiously sleepy , the world seemed far away ; ; +he knew he should get to Cap , but he didn't know how . +He was sure , for he had done as he was told , hadn't he ? ? +Cap would find him and take care of him . +So choosing a good tree , he clambered up into it , found a comfortable notch , and curled up in it to sleep , like the tousled bear he was , with his hands across his chest , as though surfeited with honey . +

+

Violence always made him tired , but he was not frightened . +

+

In Boston , Edwin Booth was winding up a performance of A New Way To Pay Old Debts . +It was a part so familiar to him that he did not bother to think about it any more . +Acting soothed him . +On a stage he always knew what to do , and tonight , to judge by the applause , he must be doing it better than usual . +

+

As Sir Giles Overreach ( how often had he had to play that part , who did not believe a word of it ) , he raised his arm and declaimed : `` Where is my honour now '' ? ? +

+

That was one of the high spots of the play . +The audience , as usual , loved it . +He was delighted to see them so happy . +If he had any worries , it was only the small ones , about Mother in New York , and his daughter Edwina and what she might be doing at this hour , with her Aunt Asia , in Philadelphia . +

+

Everyone is ambivalent about his profession , if he has practised it long enough , but there were still moments when he loved the stage and all those unseen people out there , who might cheer you or boo you , but that was largely , though not entirely , up to you . +

+

They made the world seem friendly somehow , though he knew it was not . +

+

7 , +Wilkes was quite right about one thing . +Laura Keene had been in the green room . +The commotion had brought her into the wings . +Since she could not act , one part suited her as well as any other , and so she was the first person to offer Mr. Lincoln a glass of water , holding it up to the box , high above her head , to Miss Harris , who had asked for it . +

+

She had been one of the first to collect her wits . +

+

It was not so much that the shot had stunned the audience , as that they had been stunned already . +Most of them had seen Our American Cousin before , and unless Miss Keene was on stage , there was not much to it . +The theatre was hot and they were drugged with boredom . +

+

The stage had been empty , except for Harry Hawk , doing his star monologue . +The audience was fond of Harry Hawk , he was a dear , in or out of character , but he was not particularly funny . +At the end of the monologue the audience would applaud . +Meanwhile it looked at the scenery . +

+

`` Well , I guess I know enough to turn you inside out , you sockdologizing old mantrap '' ! ! +Said Trenchard , otherwise Hawk . +There was always a pause here , before the next line . +

+

That was when the gun went off . +Yet even that explosion did not mean much . +Guns were going off all over Washington City these days , because of the celebrations , and the theatre was not soundproof . +

+

Then the audience saw a small , dim figure appear at the edge of the Presidential box . +`` Sic semper tyrannis '' , it said mildly . +Booth had delivered his line . +Behind him billowed a small pungent cloud of smoke . +

+

They strained forward . +They had not heard what had been said . +They had been sitting too long to be able to stand up easily . +The figure leapt from the box , almost lost its balance , the flag draped there tore in the air , the figure landed on its left leg , fell on its hands , and pressed itself up . +

+

Harry Hawk still had his arm raised towards the wings . +His speech faltered . +He did not lower his arm . +

+

The figure was so theatrically dressed , that it was as though a character from some other play had blundered into this one . +The play for Saturday night was to be a benefit performance of The Octoroon . +This figure looked like the slave dealer from that . +But it also looked like a toad , hopping away from the light . +There was something maimed and crazy about its motion that disturbed them . +

+

Then it disappeared into the wings . +

+

Harry Hawk had not shifted position , but he at last lowered his arm . +

+

Mrs. Lincoln screamed . +There was no mistaking that scream . +It was what anyone who had ever seen her had always expected her to do . +Yet this scream had a different note in it . +That absence of an urgent self-indulgence dashed them awake like a pail of water . +

+

Clara Harris , one of the guests in the box , stood up and demanded water . +Her action was involuntary . +When something unexpected happened , one always asked for water if one were a woman , brandy if one were a man . +

+

Mrs. Lincoln screamed again . +

+

In the Presidential box someone leaned over the balustrade and yelled : `` He has shot the President '' ! ! +

+

That got everybody up . +On the stage , Harry Hawk began to weep . +Laura Keene brushed by him with the glass of water . +The crowd began to move . +In Washington City everyone lived in a bubble of plots , and one death might attract another . +It was not exactly panic they gave way to , but they could not just sit there . +The beehive voices , for no one could bear silence , drowned out the sound of Mrs. Lincoln's weeping . +

+

At the rear of the auditorium , upstairs , some men tried to push open the door to the box corridor . +It would not give . +

+

A Dr. Charles Taft clambered up on the stage and got the actors to hoist him up to the box . +In the audience a man named Ferguson lost his head and tried to rescue a little girl from the mob , on the same principle which had led Miss Harris to demand water . +

+

Someone opened the corridor door from the inside , and called for a doctor . +Somehow Dr. Charles Leale was forced through the mob and squeezed out into the dingy corridor . +He went straight to the Presidential box . +

+

As usual , Mrs. Lincoln had lost her head , but nobody blamed her for doing so now . +There was a little blood on the hem of her dress , for the assassin had slashed Miss Harris's companion , Major Rathbone , with a knife . +Rathbone said he was bleeding to death . +By the look of him he wasn't that far gone . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/k06.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/k06.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f9bb6f19db6b65457322ed0001559f9d912b2f85 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/k06.xml @@ -0,0 +1,259 @@ +Sample K06 from Louis Zara, Dark Rider. + Cleveland, Ohio: World Publishing Company, 1961. Pp. 40-44. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,059 words228 (11.1%) quotesK06

Used by permission of Louis Zara.0010-1830

 Louis Zara, Dark Rider. + Cleveland, Ohio: World Publishing Company, 1961. Pp. 40-44. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

With a sneer , the man spread his legs and , a third time , confronted them . +

+

Once more , Katie reared , and whinnied in fear . +For a moment , boy and mount hung in midair . +Stevie twisted and , frantically , commanded the mare to leap straight ahead . +But the stranger was nimbler still . +With a bold arm , he dared once more to obstruct them . +Katie reared a third time , then , trembling , descended . +

+

The stranger leered . +Seizing the bridle , he tugged with all his might and forced Katie to her knees . +It was absurd . +Stevie could feel himself toppling . +He saw the ground coming up -- and the stranger's head . +With incredible ferocity , he brought his fists together and struck . +The blow encountered silky hair and hard bone . +The man uttered a weird cry , spun about , and collapsed in the sand . +

+

Katie scrambled to her feet , Stevie agilely retaining his seat . +Again Katie reared , and now , wickedly , he compelled her to bring her hooves down again and again upon the sprawled figure of the stranger . +He could feel his own feet , iron-shod , striking repeatedly until the body was limp . +He gloated , and his lips slavered . +He heard himself chortling . +

+

They rode around and around to trample the figure into the sand . +Only the top of the head , with a spot bare and white as a clamshell , remained visible . +Stevie was shouting triumphantly . +

+

A train hooted . +Instantly , he chilled . +They were pursuing him . +He was frightened ; ; +his fists clutched so tightly that his knuckles hurt . +Then Katie stumbled , and again he was falling , falling ! ! +

+

`` Stevie ! ! +Stevie '' ! ! +

+

His mother was nudging him , but he was still falling . +His head hung over the boards of Katie's stall ; ; +before it was sprawled the mangled corpse of the bearded stranger . +

+

`` Stevie , wake up now ! ! +We're nearly there '' . +

+

He had been dreaming . +He was safe in his Mama's arms . +

+

The train had slowed . +Houses winked as the cars rolled beside a little depot . +`` Po' Chavis '' ! ! +The trainman called . +He came by and repeated , `` Po' Chavis '' ! ! +

+

Chapter 6 +Bong ! ! +Bong ! ! +Startled him awake . +The room vibrated as if a giant hand had rocked it . +Bong ! ! +A dull boom and a throbbing echo . +The walls bulged , the floor trembled , the windowpanes rattled . +He stared at the far morning , expecting a pendulum to swing across the horizon . +Bong ! ! +He raced to the window and yanked at the sash . +Bong ! ! +The wood was old , the paint alligatored . +Bong ! ! +A fresh breeze saluted him . +Six o'clock ! ! +

+

He put his head out . +There was the slate roof of the church ; ; +ivy climbed the red brick walls like a green-scaled monster . +The clock which had struck presented an innocent face . +

+

In the kitchen Mama was wiping the cupboards . +

+

`` There's a tower and a steeple on the church a million feet high . +And the loudest clock in the whole world '' ! ! +

+

`` I know , Stephen '' , she smiled . +`` They say that our steeple is one hundred and sixty-two feet high . +The clock you heard strike -- it's really the town clock -- was installed last April by Mrs. Shorter , on her birthday '' . +

+

He dressed , and sped outdoors . +He crossed Broome Street to Orange Square . +The steeple leaned backward , while the church advanced like a headless creature in a long , shapeless coat . +The spire seemed to hold up the sky . +

+

Port Jervis , basking in the foothills , was the city of God . +The Dutch Reformed Church , with two steeples and its own school was on Main Street ; ; +the Episcopal Church was one block down Sussex Street ; ; +the Catholic Saint Mary's Church , with an even taller steeple and a cross on top , stood on Ball Street . +The Catholics had the largest cemetery , near the Neversink River where Main Street ran south ; ; +Stevie whistled when he passed these alien grounds . +

+

God was everywhere , in the belfry , in the steeple , in the clouds , in the trees , and in the mountains hulking on the horizon . +Somewhere , beyond , where shadows lurked , must be the yawning pit of which Papa preached and the dreadful Lake of Fire . +

+

So , walking in awe , he became familiar with God , who resided chiefly in Drew Centennial Church with its high steeple and clock . +There was no church like Drew Church , no preacher like Papa , who was intimate with Him , and could consign sinners to hellfire . +To know God he must follow in Papa's footsteps . +He was fortunate , and proud . +

+

The veterans , idling on their benches in the Square , beneath the soldiers' monument , got to their feet when Papa approached : `` Morning , Reverend '' ! ! +His being and His will -- Stevie could not divide God from his Papa -- illumined every parish face , turned the choir into a band of angels , and the pulpit into the tollgate to Heaven . +

+

`` We have nine hundred and eleven members in our charge '' , Mama announced , `` and three hundred and eighty Sunday-school scholars '' . +

+

When Papa went out to do God's work , Stevie often accompanied him in the buggy , which was drawn by Violet , the new black mare . +Although they journeyed westerly as far as Germantown , beyond the Erie roundhouse and the machine shop , and along the Delaware and Hudson Canal , and northward to Brooklyn , below Point Peter , he could see the church spire wherever he looked back . +Sometimes they went south and rolled past the tollhouse -- `` Afternoon , Reverend '' ! ! +-- and crossed the suspension bridge to Matamoras ; ; +that was Pennsylvania . +

+

In the Delaware River , three long islands were overgrown with greening trees and underbrush . +South of Laurel Grove Cemetery , and below the junction of the Neversink and the Delaware , was the Tri-State Rock , from which Stevie could spy New Jersey and Pennsylvania , as well as New York , simply by spinning around on his heel . +

+

On these excursions , Papa instructed him on man's chief end , which was his duty to God and his own salvation . +However , a boy's lively eyes might rove . +Where Cuddleback Brook purled into the Neversink was a magnificent swimming hole . +Papa pointed a scornful finger at the splashing youth : `` Idle recreation '' ! ! +Stevie saw no idols ; ; +it troubled him that he couldn't always see what Papa saw . +He was torn between the excitement in the sun-inflamed waters and a little engine chugging northward on the Monticello Branch . +

+

`` Where you been today '' ? ? +Ludie inquired every evening , pretending that he did not care . +`` He'll make a preacher out of you '' ! ! +

+

`` No , he won't '' ! ! +Stevie flared . +`` Not me '' ! ! +

+

`` Somebody's got to be a preacher in the family . +He made a will and last testament before we left Paterson . +I heard them ! ! +Uncle and Aunt Howe were the witnesses '' . +

+

`` Will he die '' ? ? +

+

`` Everybody does '' . +

+

Ludie could be hateful . +To speak of Papa dying was a sin . +It could never happen as long as God was alert and the Drew steeple stood guard with its peaked lance . +

+

Stevie was constantly slipping into the church . +He pulled with all his strength at the heavy , brass-bound door , and shuffled along the wainscoted wall . +The cold , mysterious presence of God was all around him . +At the end of a shaft of light , the pews appeared to be broad stairs in a long dungeon . +Far away , standing before a curtained window in the study room , was his father , hands tucked under his coattails , and staring into the dark church . +The figure was wreathed in an extraordinary luminescence . +

+

The boy shuddered at the deathly pale countenance with its wrinkles and gray hair . +Would Papa really die ? ? +The mouth was thin-lipped and wide , the long cleft in the upper lip like a slide . +When Papa's slender fingers removed the spectacles , there were red indentations on the bridge of the strong nose . +

+

`` It's time you began to think on God , Stephen . +Perhaps one day He will choose you as He chose me , long ago . +Therefore , give Him your affection and store up His love for you . +Open your heart to Him and pray , Stephen , pray ! ! +For His mercy and His guidance to spare you from evil and eternal punishment in the Lake of Fire '' . +

+

Stevie had heard these words many times , yet on each occasion they caused him to tremble . +For he feared the Lake of Fire . +He strove to think of God and His eternal wrath ; ; +he must pray to be spared . +

+

Papa was disappointed that none of the brothers had heard the Call . +Not George , Townley , or Ted , certainly not Ludie . +Burt was at Hackettstown and Will at Albany Law School , where they surely could not hear it . +Someday God would choose him . +He would hear the Call and would run to tell Papa . +The stern face would relax , the black-clad arms would embrace him , `` My son '' ! ! +Yet how might he know the Call when it came ? ? +Probably , as in Scriptures , a still , small voice would whisper . +It would summon him once ; ; +if he missed it , never again . +What if it came when he was playing , or was asleep and dreaming ? ? +

+

He must not fail to hear it . +He was Papa's chosen ; ; +therefore , nothing but good could happen to him , even in God's wrathful storms . +When the skies grew dark and thunder rolled across the valley , he was unafraid . +Aggie might fly into a closet , shut the door and bury her head in the clothes ; ; +he dared to wait for the lightning . +

+

Lightning could strike you blind if you were a sinner ! ! +But he was good . +He clenched his fists and faced the terror . +Thunder crashed ; ; +barrels tumbled down the mountainsides , and bounced and bounced till their own fury split them open . +Lightning might strike the steeples of the other churches ; ; +not of Drew Church . +A flash illumined the trees as a crooked bolt twigged in several directions . +Violet whinnied from the stable . +

+

He ran out into the downpour , sped across the yard and into the buggy room . +`` Don't be afraid , Violet '' ! ! +He shouted , and was aghast at the echoes . +`` Don't you be afraid '' ! ! +He would save her . +If there was a fire or a flood he would save Mama first and Violet next . +Drenched and shaking , he stood near the sweet-smelling stall and dared to pat her muzzle . +`` Don't you be afraid , Violet '' ! ! +

+

After the storm , the sky cleared blue and cool , and fragrant air swept the hills . +When the sun came out , Stevie strode proudly into Orange Square , smiling like a landlord on industrious tenants . +The fountain had brimmed over , the cannon were wet , the soldiers' monument glistened . +Even before the benches had dried , the Civil War veterans were straggling back to their places . +The great spire shone as if the lightning had polished it . +He jumped . +The pointed shadow had nearly touched him . +

+

He trailed Ludie to the baseball game in the lot on Kingston Street near the Dutch Reformed . +

+

`` Go on home '' ! ! +Ludie screeched at him . +`` Someone'll tell Papa '' ! ! +

+

No one told on Ludie , not even when he slipped live grasshoppers into the mite-box . +Ludie did as he pleased . +

+

Ludie took his slingshot and climbed to the rooftop to shoot at crows . +Ludie chewed roofer's tar . +Ludie had a cigar box full of marbles and shooters , and a Roman candle from last Fourth of July . +Ludie hopped rides on freight cars , and was chased by Mr. Yankton , the railroad guard . +He came home overheated , ran straight to the ice-chest , and gulped shivery cold water . +

+

Stevie envied him . +That Ludie ! ! +He , too , cocked his cap at a jaunty angle , jingled marbles in his pocket , and swaggered down Main Street . +On the Christophers' lawn , little girls in white pinafores were playing grownups at a tea party . +A Newfoundland sat solemnly beside a doghouse half his size . +Stevie yearned for a dog . +He wondered whether God had a dog in the sky . +

+

He meandered down Pike Street , past the First National Bank with its green window shades . +He crossed the tracks to Delaware House , where ladies in gay dresses and men in straw boaters and waxed mustaches crowded the verandah . +A tall lady , with a ruffled collar very low on her bosom , turned insolent green eyes upon him . +She was taller than Aggie . +She was so beautiful with her rosy mouth and haughty air that she had to be wicked . +Fiddles screeched ; ; +a piano tinkled . +

+

`` P. J. '' -- as Ludie called the town -- was crowded with summer people who came to the mountains to escape the heat in the big cities . +They stayed at hotels and boardinghouses , or at private homes . +Rich people went to Delaware House , Opera House , American House or Fowler House . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/k08.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/k08.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c71bd3505ce94a1ffaf1a612d768633b3c64fd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/k08.xml @@ -0,0 +1,203 @@ +Sample K08 from Guy Endore, Voltaire! Voltaire! + New York: Simon and Schuster, 1961. Pp. 96-100 + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,011 words 327 (16.3%) quotesK08

Used by permission of Guy Endore.0010-1750

 Guy Endore, Voltaire! Voltaire! + New York: Simon and Schuster, 1961. Pp. 96-100 +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Rousseau is so persuasive that Voltaire is almost convinced that he should burn his books , too . +But while the two men are riding into the country , where they are going to dinner , they are attacked in the dark of the forest by a band of thieves , who strip them of everything , including most of their clothes . +

+

`` You must be a very learned man '' , says Voltaire to one of the bandits . +

+

`` A learned man '' ? ? +The bandit laughs in his face . +

+

But Voltaire perseveres . +He goes to the chief himself . +`` At what university did you study '' ? ? +He asks . +He refuses to believe that the bandit chief never attended a higher institution . +`` To have become so corrupt '' , he says , `` surely you must have studied many arts and sciences '' . +

+

The chief , annoyed by these questions , knocks Voltaire down and shouts at him that he not only never went to any school , but never even learned how to read . +

+

When finally the two bedraggled men reach their friend's home , Voltaire's fears are once again aroused . +For it is such a distinguished place , with such fine works of art and such a big library , that there can be little doubt but that the owner has become depraved by all this culture . +

+

To Voltaire's surprise , however , their host gives them fresh clothes to put on , opens his purse to lend them money and sits them down before a good dinner . +

+

Immediately after dinner , however , Rousseau asks for still another favor . +Could he have pen and paper , please ? ? +He is in a hurry to write another essay against culture . +

+

Such was the impromptu that Voltaire gave to howls of laughter at Sans Souci and that was soon circulated in manuscript throughout the literary circles of Europe , to be printed sometime later , but with the name of Timon of Athens , the famous misanthrope , substituted for that of Rousseau . +

+

How cruel ! ! +

+

But at the same time how understandable . +How could the rich , for whom life was made so simple , ever understand the subterfuges , the lies , the frauds , the errors , sins and even crimes to which the poor were driven in their efforts to overcome the great advantages the rich had in the race of life ? ? +

+

How , for example , could a Voltaire understand the strange predicament in which a Rousseau would find himself when , soon after the furor of his first Discourse , he acquired still another title to fame ? ? +

+

This time as a musician . +As a composer . +

+

Ever since he had first begun to study music and to teach it , Rousseau had dreamed of piercing through to fame as the result of a successful opera . +But his facility in this genre was not great . +And his efforts to get a performance for his Gallant Muses invariably failed . +And for good reasons . +His operatic music had little merit . +

+

But then one day , while on a week's visit to the country home of a retired Swiss jeweler , Rousseau amused the company with a few little melodies he had written , to which he attached no great importance . +He was really amazed to discover the other guests so excited about these delicate little songs . +

+

`` Put a few such songs together '' , they urged him . +`` String them onto some sort of little plot , and you'll have a delightful operetta '' . +

+

He didn't believe them . +`` Nonsense '' , he said . +`` This is the sort of stuff I write and then throw away '' ! ! +

+

`` Heaven forbid '' ! ! +Cried the ladies , enchanted by his music . +`` You must make an opera out of this material '' . +

+

And they wouldn't leave off arguing and pleading until he had promised . +

+

Oh , the irony and the bitterness of it ! ! +That after all his years of effort to become a composer , he should now , now when he was still stoutly replying to the critics of his Discourse on the Arts and Sciences , be so close to a success in music and have to reject it . +

+

Or at least appear to reject it ! ! +

+

But what else could he do ? ? +You couldn't on the one hand decry the arts and at the same time practice them , could you ? ? +Well , yes , perhaps in literature , since you could argue that you couldn't keep silent about your feelings against literature and so were involved in spite of yourself . +But now music too ? ? +No . +That would be too much ! ! +

+

And the fault , of course , was Rameau's . +The fault was Rameau's and that of the whole culture of this Parisian age . +For it was Rameau's type of music that he had been trying to write , and that he couldn't write . +These little songs , however , were sweet nothings from the heart , tender memories of his childhood , little melodies that anyone could hum and that would make one want to weep . +

+

But no . +He couldn't appear as a composer now . +That glory , craved for so long , was now forbidden to him . +Still , just for the ladies , and just for this once , for this one weekend in the country , he would make a little piece out of his melodies . +

+

The ladies were delighted and Jean Jacques was applauded . +And everyone went to work to learn the parts which he wrote . +

+

But then , after the little operetta had been given its feeble amateur rendering , everyone insisted that it was too good to be lost forever , and that the Royal Academy of Music must now have the manuscript in order to give it the really first-rate performance it merited . +

+

Rousseau was aware that he must seem like a hypocrite , standing there and arguing that he could not possibly permit a public performance . +The ladies especially couldn't understand what troubled him . +A contradiction ? ? +Bah , what was a contradiction in one's life ? ? +Every woman has had the experience of saying no when she meant yes , and saying yes when she meant no . +

+

Rousseau had to admit that though he couldn't agree to a public performance , he would indeed , just for his own private satisfaction , dearly love to know how his work would sound when done by professional musicians and by trained voices . +

+

`` I'd simply like to know if it is as good as you kind people seem to think '' , he said . +

+

Duclos , the historian , pointed out to Jean Jacques that this was impossible . +The musicians of the Royal Opera would not rehearse a work merely to see how it would sound . +Merely to satisfy the author's curiosity . +

+

Rousseau agreed . +But he recalled that Rameau had once had a private performance of his opera Armide , behind closed doors , just for himself alone . +

+

Duclos understood what was bothering Rousseau : that the writer of the Prosopopoeia of Fabricius should now become known as the writer of an amusing little operetta . +That would certainly be paradoxical . +But Duclos thought he saw a way out . +

+

`` Let me do the submitting to the Royal Academy '' , he suggested . +`` Your name will never appear . +No one will even suspect that it is your work '' . +

+

To that Rousseau could agree . +

+

But now what crazy twists and turns of his emotions ! ! +

+

Afraid at one and the same time that his work might be turned down -- which would be a blow to his pride even though no one knew he was the author -- and that the work would be accepted , and then that his violent feelings in the matter would certainly betray how deeply concerned he was in spite of himself . +And how anxious this lover of obscurity was for applause ! ! +And thus torn between his desire to be known as the composer of a successful opera and the necessity of remaining true to his proclaimed desire for anonymity , Rousseau suffered through several painful weeks . +

+

All these emotions were screwed up to new heights when , after acceptance and the first rehearsals , there ensued such a buzz of excitement among Parisian music lovers that Duclos had to come running to Rousseau to inform him that the news had reached the superintendent of the King's amusements , and that he was now demanding that the work be offered first at the royal summer palace of Fontainebleau . +Imagine the honor of it ! ! +

+

`` What was your answer '' ? ? +Jean Jacques asked , striving to appear unimpressed . +

+

`` I refused '' , Duclos said . +`` What else could I do ? ? +Monsieur De Cury was incensed , of course . +But I said I would first have to get the author's permission . +And I was certain he would refuse '' . +

+

How infuriating all this was ! ! +Why had not this success come to him before he had plunged into his Discourse , and before he had committed himself to a life of austerity and denial ? ? +Now , when everything was opening up to him -- even the court of Louis 15 ! ! +-- he had to play a role of self-effacement . +

+

Back and forth Duclos had to go , between M. De Cury and Jean Jacques and between the Duke D'Aumont and Jean Jacques again , as his little operetta , The Village Soothsayer , though still unperformed , took on ever more importance . +

+

And of course the news of who the composer was did finally begin to get around among his closest friends . +But they , naturally , kept his secret well , and the public at large knew only of a great excitement in musical and court circles . +

+

How titillating it was to go among people who did not know him as the composer , but who talked in the most glowing terms of the promise of the piece after having heard the first rehearsals . +The furor was such that people who could not possibly have squirmed their way into the rehearsals were pretending that they were intimate with the whole affair and that it would be sensational . +And listening to such a conversation one morning while taking a cup of chocolate in a cafe , Rousseau found himself bathed in perspiration , trembling lest his authorship become known , and at the same time dreaming of the startling effect he would make if he should proclaim himself suddenly as the composer . +

+

He felt himself now , as he himself says in his Confessions , at a crucial point of his life . +And that was why , on the day of the performance , when a carriage from the royal stables called to take him to the palace , he did not bother to shave . +On the contrary , he was pleased that his face showed a neglect of several days . +

+

Seeing him in that condition , and about to enter the hall where the King , the Queen , the whole royal family and all the members of the highest aristocracy would be present , Grimm and the Abbe Raynal and others tried to stop him . +

+

`` You can't go in that way '' ! ! +They cried . +

+

`` Why not '' ? ? +Jean Jacques asked . +`` Who is going to stop me '' ? ? +

+

`` You haven't dressed for the occasion '' ! ! +They pointed out to him . +

+

`` I'm dressed as I always am '' , Rousseau said . +`` Neither better nor worse '' . +

+

`` At home , yes '' , they argued . +`` But here you are in the palace . +There's the King . +And Madame De Pompadour '' . +

+

`` If they are here , then surely I have the right to be here '' , Rousseau said . +`` And even more right . +Since I am the composer '' ! ! +

+

`` But in such a slovenly condition '' . +

+

`` What is slovenly about me '' ? ? +Rousseau asked . +`` Is it because of my slovenliness that hair grows on my face ? ? +Surely it would grow there whether I washed myself or not . +A hundred years ago I would have worn a beard with pride . +And those without beards would have stood out as not dressed for the occasion . +Now times have changed , and I must pretend that hair doesn't grow on my face . +That's the fashion . +And fashion is the real king here . +Not Louis 15 , , since even he obeys . +Now , if you don't mind , I should like to hear my own piece performed '' . +

+

But of course behind his boldness he didn't feel bold at all . +He trembled lest his piece should fail . +And this in addition to his usual fear of being among people of high society , his fear of making some inane or inappropriate remark . +And even deeper than that : his fear lest in this closed hall he should suddenly itch to relieve himself . +Could he walk out in the midst of his piece ? ? +Here , before the court ? ? +Before the King ? ? +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/k10.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/k10.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..88152440d0b91075ed98ef3dd3e1096619c51cbe --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/k10.xml @@ -0,0 +1,205 @@ +Sample K10 from Glayds H. Barr, The Master of Geneva. + New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1961. Pp. 152-157. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,014 words 484 (24.0%) quotesK10

Used by permission of Gladys H. Barr.0010-1750

 Glayds H. Barr, The Master of Geneva. + New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1961. Pp. 152-157. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

That summer the gambling houses were closed , despite the threats of Pierre Ameaux , a gaming-card manufacturer . +Dancing was no longer permitted in the streets . +The Bordel and other places of prostitution were emptied . +The slit breeches had to go . +Drunkenness was no longer tolerated . +In defiance , a chinless reprobate , Jake Camaret , marched down the aisle in St. Peter's one Sunday morning , followed by one of the women from the Bordel , whose dress and walk plainly showed the lack of any shame . +Plunking themselves down on the front bench , they turned to smirk at those around them . +

+

John's first impulse was to denounce their blasphemy . +But the thought occurred that God would want this opportunity used to tell them about Him . +Calmly he opened the Bible and read of the woman at the well . +He finished the worship service as if there had been no brazen attempt to dishonor God and man . +

+

The next morning , as the clock struck nine , he appeared at the Council meeting in the Town Hall and insisted that the couple would have to be punished if the Church was to be respected . +

+

`` I have told you before , and I tell you again '' , Monsieur Favre said rudely . +`` Stick to the preaching of the Gospel '' ! ! +

+

John stiffened in anger . +`` That is the answer the ungodly will always make when the Church points its fingers at their sins . +I say to you that the Church will ever decry evil '' ! ! +

+

John's reply was like a declaration of war . +Monsieur Favre sat down in his high-backed stall , lips compressed , eyes glinting . +Ablard Corne , a short man with a rotunda of stomach , rose . +Every eye was on him as he began to speak . +

+

`` What Master Calvin says is true . +How can we have a good city unless we respect morality '' ? ? +

+

Abel Poupin , a tall man with sunken cheeks and deep-set eyes , got to his feet . +`` We all know that Jake Camaret and the woman are brazenly living together . +It would be well to show the populace how we deal with adulterers '' . +

+

Philibert Berthelier , the son of the famous patriot , disagreed . +`` Do not listen to that Frenchman . +He is throttling the liberty my father gave his life to win '' ! ! +

+

John was quietly insistent . +`` There can be no compromise when souls are in jeopardy '' . +

+

A week later the sentence of the Council was carried out : Jake Camaret and the woman were marched naked through the streets past a mocking populace . +Before them stalked the beadle , proclaiming as he went , `` Thus the Council deals with those who break its laws -- adulterers , thieves , murderers , and lewd persons . +Let evildoers contemplate their ways , and let every man beware '' ! ! +

+

John's thoughts raced painfully into the past as he read the letter he had just received from his sister Mary . +Charles had died two weeks before , in early November , without being reconciled to the Church . +The canons , in a body , had tried to force him on his deathbed to let them give him the last rites of the Church , but he had died still proclaiming salvation by faith . +Burial had taken place at night in the ground at the public crossroads under the gibbet , so that his enemies could not find his body and have it dug up and burned . +The Abbot of St. Eloi , Claude De Mommor , had been a good friend , but not even he thought Charles deserved burial in hallowed ground . +

+

John closed his eyes and saw once again the little niche in his mother's bedroom , where she had knelt to tell the good Virgin of her needs . +The blue-draped Virgin was still there , but no one knelt before her now . +Not even Varnessa ; ; +she , too , prayed only to God . +For an instant John longed for the sound of the bells of Noyon-la-Sainte , the touch of his mother's hand , the lilt of Charles's voice in the square raftered rooms , his father's bass tones rumbling to the canons , and the sight of the beloved bishop . +But he had to follow the light . +Unless God expected a man to believe the Holy Scriptures , why had He given them to him ? ? +

+

The white-clad trees stood like specters in the February night . +Snow buried the streets and covered the slanting rooftops , as John trudged toward St. Peter's . +A carriage crunched by , its dim lights filtering through the gloom . +The sharp wind slapped at him and his feet felt like ice as the snow penetrated the holes of his shoes , his only ones , now patched with folded parchment . +The city had recently given him a small salary , but it was not enough to supply even necessities . +

+

As he neared the square , a round figure muffled in a long , black cape whisked by . +John recognized Ablard Corne and called out a greeting . +How grateful he was to such men ! ! +There were several on the Council who tried to live like Christians . +Despite their efforts , the problems seemed to grow graver all the time . +Quickening his steps , John entered the vast church and climbed the tower steps to the bells . +Underneath the big one , in the silent moonlight , lay a dead pigeon , and on the smaller bell , the Clemence , two gray and white birds slept huddled together in the cold winter air . +

+

John leaned upon the stone balustrade . +He brushed back his black hair , shoving it under his pastor's cap to keep it from blowing in his eyes . +Below the moon-splashed world rolled away to insurmountable white peaks ; ; +above him the deep blue sky glittered with stars . +He stood very still , his arms at his sides , staring up at the heavens , then down at the blinking lights below . +

+

`` How long , my Lord ? ? +How long ? ? +I have never asked for an easy task , but I am weary of the strife '' . +

+

Sleep was difficult these days . +Indigestion plagued him . +Severe headaches were frequent . +Loneliness tore through him like a physical pain whenever he thought of Peter Robert , Nerien , Nicholas Cop , Martin Bucer , and even the compromising Louis Du Tillet . +An occasional traveler from Italy brought news of Peter Robert , who was now distributing his Bible among the Waldensian peasants . +Letters came regularly from Nerien , Nicholas , and Martin . +He had Anthony and William to confide in and consult . +But William continued to find a bitter joy in smashing images and tearing down symbols sacred to the Old Church . +John found it difficult , but he held him in check . +And Anthony was busy most of the time courting this girl and that . +His easy good looks made him a favorite with the ladies . +

+

Geneva , instead of becoming the City of God , as John had dreamed , had in the two years since he had been there , continued to be a godless place where all manner of vice flourished . +Refugees poured in , signing the Confession and rules in order to remain , and then disregarding them . +Dice rolled , prostitutes plied their trade , thieves stole , murderers stabbed , and the ungodly blasphemed . +Catholics who were truly Christians longed for the simple penance of days gone by . +Libertines recalled the heroism of the past and demanded : `` Are we going to allow the Protestant Pope , Master Calvin , to curtail our liberty ? ? +Why , oh why , doesn't he stick to preaching the Gospel , instead of meddling in civic affairs , politics , economics , and social issues that are no concern of the Church '' ? ? +And John's reply was always the same : `` Anything that affects souls is the concern of the Church ! ! +We will have righteousness '' ! ! +

+

Tears burned behind his eyes as he prayed and meditated tonight . +Unless the confusion cleared , he would not be coming here much longer . +Monsieur Favre's threat would become a reality , for he continued to proclaim loudly that the city must rid itself of `` that Frenchman '' . +

+

The slow tapping of a cane on the stone steps coming up to the tower interrupted his reverie . +Faint at first , the tapping grew until it sounded loud against the wind . +Eli Corault ! ! +John thought . +What is he doing here at this hour ? ? +He started down the steps to meet the near-blind preacher , who had been one of the early Gospelers in Paris . +

+

`` John ? ? +Is that you ? ? +I came to warn you of a plot '' ! ! +

+

John stood above him , his face ashen . +What now ? ? +Slowly , like a man grown old , he took Eli's hand and led him below to the tower study , guiding him to a chair beside the little hearth where a fire still burned . +

+

`` Plot '' ? ? +John asked tiredly . +

+

`` Monsieur Favre just paid me a visit . +I went to your rooms , and Anthony told me you were here . +Two Anabaptists , Caroli and Benoit , are to challenge you and William to a debate before the Council . +It is to be a trap . +You know the law : if you lose the debate after accepting a challenge , you will be banished '' ! ! +

+

`` What will be the subject '' ? ? +

+

`` You are to be accused of Arianism to confuse the religious who remain loyal '' . +

+

Anger and fear fused in John . +Ever since the fourth century a controversy had raged over the person of Christ . +Those who refused to believe that He was the eternal Son of God were termed Arianists . +Peter Caroli had come to Geneva , saying that he had been a bishop of the Church of Rome and had been persecuted in Paris for his Reformed faith . +He asked to be appointed a preacher . +But Michael Sept had unmasked him , revealing he had never been a bishop , but was an Anabaptist , afraid to state his faith , because he knew John Calvin had written a book against their belief that the soul slept after death . +So John had refused to agree to his appointment as a preacher , and now Caroli sought revenge . +

+

John sighed . +`` If William agrees , we should insist on a public debate '' , he said at length . +

+

`` There is more to the conspiracy . +Bern demands that the Lord's Supper be administered here as it used to be , with unleavened bread . +Furthermore , Bern decrees that we must do as we are ordered by the Council , preach only the word of God and stop meddling in politics '' ! ! +

+

`` It was always the spirit with Christ ; ; +matters such as leavened or unleavened bread are inconsequential . +Geneva must remain a sovereign state . +We will not yield to the demands of Bern '' ! ! +

+

The firelight played over Eli's flowing white locks and rugged features . +`` Monsieur Favre indicated that if I would co-operate , after you and William are banished , following the debate , I will be given a place of influence '' . +

+

`` What was your reply to that '' ? ? +

+

`` That I would rather be banished with two such Christians than be made the Chief Syndic '' ! ! +

+

The following morning , as John entered the Place Molard on his way to visit a sick refugee , he had a premonition of danger . +Then suddenly a group of men and dogs circled him . +He wanted to run , but he knew that if he did , he would be lost . +He stood very still , his heart thumping wildly . +On the outskirts of the rabble the Camaret brothers and Gaspard Favre shook their fists . +

+

`` Are you going to comply with the demands of Bern '' ? ? +The chinless Jake called . +

+

`` Arianist '' ! ! +A rowdy with a big blob of a nose roared . +`` Heretic '' ! ! +

+

John lifted his hand for silence . +`` Know this : the ministers will not yield to the demands of Bern '' . +His voice shook a little . +

+

Somebody heaved a stone . +For an instant John was stunned . +

+

When he felt the side of his head , his fingers came away covered with blood . +Before he could duck , another stone struck him . +And another . +

+

`` Let him be now '' ! ! +Pierre Ameaux , the gaming-card manufacturer said , his little pig eyes glaring . +`` We have taught him a lesson '' . +

+

The crowd moved back and John started dizzily down the hill . +Fists pummeled him as he staggered forward . +Then he slipped and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow . +At once a bevy of dogs was snapping and snarling around him . +One , more horrible than the rest , lunged , growling deep in his throat , his hair bristling . +With great difficulty John clambered to his feet and started to run , sweat pouring down his face . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/k12.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/k12.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6268220896c6f37a46469f15e37bc5c62329a8b --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/k12.xml @@ -0,0 +1,167 @@ +Sample K12 from Gerald Green, The Heartless Light. + New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1961. Pp. 166-170. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,019 words 203 (10.1%) quotes 2 symbolsK12

Used by permission of Gerald Green.0010-1800

 Gerald Green, The Heartless Light. + New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1961. Pp. 166-170. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

She was a child too much a part of her environment , too eager to grow and learn and experience . +Once , they were at Easthampton for the summer ( again , Fritzie said , a good place , even though they were being robbed ) . +One soft evening -- that marvelous sea-blessed time when the sun's departing warmth lingers and a smell of spume and wrack haunts everything -- Amy had picked herself off the floor and begun to walk . +Fritzie was on the couch reading ; ; +Laura was sitting in an easy chair about eight feet away . +The infant , in white terry-cloth bathrobe , her face intense and purposeful , had essayed a few wobbly steps toward her father . +`` Y'all wanna walk -- walk '' , he said . +Then , gently , he shoved her behind toward Laura . +Amy walked -- making it halfway across the cottage floor . +She lost not a second , picking herself up and continuing her pilgrimage to Laura . +Then Laura took her gently and shoved her off again , toward Fritzie : Amy did not laugh -- this was work , concentration , achievement . +In a few minutes she was making the ten-foot hike unaided ; ; +soon she was parading around the house , flaunting her new skill . +

+

Some liar's logic , a wisp of optimism as fragile as the scent of tropical blossoms that came through the window ( a euphoria perhaps engendered by the pill Fritzie had given her ) , consoled her for a moment . +Amy had to be safe , had to come back to them -- if only to reap that share of life's experiences that were her due , if only to give her parents another chance to do better by her . +Through the swathings of terror , she jabbed deceit's sharp point -- Amy would be reborn , a new child , with new parents , living under new circumstances . +The comfort was short-lived , yet she found herself returning to the assurance whenever her imagination forced images on her too awful to contemplate without the prop of illusion . +Gazing at her husband's drugged body , his chest rising and falling in mindless rhythms , she saw the grandeur of his fictional world , that lush garden from which he plucked flowers and herbs . +She envied him . +She admired him . +

+

In the darkness , she saw him stirring . +He seemed to be muttering , his voice surprisingly clear . +`` Y'all should have let me take that money out '' , Andrus said . +`` 'nother minute I'd have been fine . +H'all should have let me do it '' . +

+

Laura touched his hand . +`` Yes , I know , Fritzie . +I should have '' . +

+

Tuesday +The heat intensified on Tuesday . +Southern California gasped and blinked under an autumn hot spell , drier , more enervating , more laden with man's contrived impurities than the worst days of the summer past . +It could continue this way , hitting 106 and more in the Valley , Joe McFeeley knew , into October . +He and Irvin Moll were sipping coffee at the breakfast bar . +Both had been up since 7:00 -- Irv on the early-morning watch , McFeeley unable to sleep during his four-hour relief . +The night before , they had telephoned the Andrus maid , Selena Masters , and she had arrived early , bursting her vigorous presence into the silent house with an assurance that amused McFeeley and confounded Moll . +The latter , thanking her for the coffee , had winked and muttered , `` Sure 'nuff , honey '' . +Selena was the wrong woman for these crudities . +With a hard eye , she informed Moll : `` Don't sure 'nuff me , officer . +I'm honey only to my husband , understand '' ? ? +Sergeant Moll understood . +The maid was very black and very energetic , trim in a yellow pique uniform . +Her speech was barren of southernisms ; ; +she was one of Eliot Sparling's neutralized minorities , adopting the rolling R's and constricted vowels of Los Angeles . +Not seeing her dark intelligent face , one would have gauged the voice as that of a Westwood Village matron , ten years out of Iowa . +After she had served the detectives coffee and toast ( they politely declined eggs , uncomfortable about their tenancy ) , she settled down with a morning newspaper and began reading the stock market quotations . +While she was thus engaged , McFeeley questioned her about her whereabouts the previous day , any recollections she had of people hanging around , of overcurious delivery boys or repairmen , of strange cars cruising the neighborhood . +She answered him precisely , missing not a beat in her scrutiny of the financial reports . +Selena Masters , Joe realized , was her own woman . +She was the only kind of Negro Laura Andrus would want around : independent , unservile , probably charging double what ordinary maids did for housework -- and doubly efficient . +

+

When the parents emerged from the bedroom a few minutes later , the maid greeted them quietly . +`` I'm awful sorry about what's happened '' , Selena said . +`` Maybe today'll be a good-news day '' . +She charged off to the bedrooms . +

+

Moll took his coffee into the nursery . +During the night , a phone company technician had deadened the bells and installed red blinkers on the phones . +Someone would have to remain in the office continually . +McFeeley greeted the parents , then studied his notebook . +He wanted to take the mother to headquarters at once and start her on the mug file . +

+

`` Sleep well '' ? ? +He asked . +

+

Andrus did not answer him . +His face was bloated with drugging , redder than normal . +The woman had the glassy look of an invalid , as if she had not slept at all . +`` Oh -- we managed '' , she said . +`` I'm a little groggy . +Did anything happen during the night '' ? ? +

+

`` Few crank calls '' , McFeeley said . +`` A couple of tips we're running down -- nothing promising . +We can expect more of the same . +Too bad your number is in the directory '' . +

+

`` Didn't occur to me my child would be kidnaped when I had it listed '' , Andrus muttered . +He settled on the sofa with his coffee , warming his hands on the cup , although the room was heavy with heat . +

+

The three had little to say to each other . +The previous night's horror -- the absolute failure , overcast with the intrusions of the press , had left them all with a wan sense of uselessness , of play-acting . +Sipping their coffee , discussing the weather , the day's shopping , Fritzie's commitments at the network ( all of which he would cancel ) , they avoided the radio , the morning TV news show , even the front page of the Santa Luisa Register , resting on the kitchen bar . +Kidnaper spurns ransom ; ; +Amy still missing . +Once , Andrus walked by it , hastily scanned the bold black headline and the five-column lead of the article ( by Duane Bosch , staff correspondent -- age not given ) , and muttered : `` We a buncha national celebrities '' . +

+

McFeeley told the parents he would escort them to police headquarters in a half hour . +Before that , he wanted to talk to the neighbors . +He did not want to bring the Andruses to the station house too early -- Rheinholdt had summoned a press conference , and he didn't want them subjected to the reporters again . +He could think of nothing else to tell them : no assurances , no hopeful hints at great discoveries that day . +When the detective left , Andrus phoned his secretary to cancel his work and to advise the network to get a substitute director for his current project . +Mrs. Andrus was talking to the maid , arranging for her to come in every day , instead of the four days she now worked . +

+

Outside , only a handful of reporters remained . +The bulk of the press corps was covering Rheinholdt's conference . +In contrast to the caravan of the previous night , there were only four cars parked across the street . +Two men he did not recognize were sipping coffee and munching sweet rolls . +He did not see Sparling , or DeGroot , or Ringel , or any of the feverish crew that had so harassed him twelve hours ago . +However , the litter remained , augmented by several dozen lunchroom suppers . +The street cleaner had not yet been around . +

+

One of the reporters called to him : `` Anything new , Lieutenant '' ? ? +And he ignored him , skirting the parked cars and walking up the path to the Skopas house . +When McFeeley was halfway to the door , the proprietor emerged -- a mountainous , dark man , his head thick with resiny black hair , his eyes like two of the black olives he imported in boatloads . +McFeeley identified himself . +The master of the house , his nourished face unrevealing , consented to postpone his departure a few minutes to talk to the detective . +

+

Inside , as soon as Mr. Skopas had disclosed -- in a hoarse whisper -- the detective's errand , his family gathered in a huddle , forming a mass of dark flesh on and around a brocaded sofa which stood at one side of a baroque fireplace . +Flanked by marble urns and alabaster lamps , they seemed to be posing for a tribal portrait . +

+

It was amazing how they had herded together for protection : an enormous matriarch in a quilted silk wrapper , rising from the breakfast table ; ; +a gross boy in his teens , shuffling in from the kitchen with a sandwich in his hands ; ; +a girl in her twenties , fat and sullen , descending the marble staircase ; ; +then all four gathering on the sofa to face the inquisitor . +

+

They answered him in monosyllables , nods , occasionally muttering in Greek to one another , awaiting the word from Papa , who restlessly cracked his knuckles , anxious to stuff himself into his white Cadillac and burst off to the freeway . +No , they hadn't seen anyone around ; ; +no , they didn't know the Andrus family ; ; +yes , they had read about the case ; ; +yes , they had let some reporters use their phone , but they would no longer . +They offered no opinions , volunteered nothing , betrayed no emotions . +Studying them , McFeeley could not help make comparison with the Andrus couple . +The Skopas people seemed to him of that breed of human beings whose insularity frees them from tragedy . +He imagined they were the kind whose tax returns were never examined ( if they were , they were never penalized ) , whose children had no unhappy romances , whose names never knew scandal . +The equation was simple : wealth brought them happiness , and their united front to the world was their warning that they meant to keep everything they had , let no one in on the secrets . +By comparison , Fritzie and Laura Andrus were quivering fledglings . +They possessed no outer fortifications , no hard shells of confidence ; ; +they had enough difficulty getting from day to day , let alone having an awful crime thrust upon them . +Skopas expressed no curiosity over the case , offered no expression of sympathy , made no move to escort McFeely to the door . +All four remained impacted on the sofa until he had left . +

+

He had spoken to Mrs. . +Emerson the previous day . +There remained a family named Kahler , owners of a two-story Tudor-style house on the south side of the Andrus home . +Their names had not come up in any discussions with Laura , and he had no idea what they would be like . +McFeeley noted the immaculate lawn and gardens : each blade of grass cropped , bright and firm ; ; +each shrub glazed with good health . +

+

The door was answered by a slender man in his sixties -- straight-backed , somewhat clerical in manner , wearing rimless glasses . +When Joe identified himself , he nodded , unsmiling , and ushered him into a sedate living room . +Mrs. Kahler joined them . +She had a dried-out quality -- a gray , lean woman , not unattractive . +Both were dressed rather formally . +The man wore a vest and a tie , the woman had on a dark green dress and three strands of pearls . +

+

`` Funny thing '' , Mr. Kahler said , when they were seated , `` when I heard you ringing , I figured it was that guy down the block , Hausman '' . +McFeeley looked puzzled . +Kahler continued : `` I fixed his dog the other day and I guess he's sore , so I expected him to come barging in '' . +Mr. Kahler went on to explain how Hausman's fox terrier had been `` making '' in his flower beds . +The dog refused to be scared off , so Kahler had purchased some small firecrackers . +He would lay in wait in the garage , and when the terrier came scratching around , he'd let fly with a cherry bomb . +`` Scared the hell out of him '' , Kahler grinned . +`` I hit him in the ass once '' . +Both grinned at the detective . +`` Finally , all I needed was to throw a little piece of red wood that looked like a firecracker and that dumb dog would run ki-yi-ing for his life '' . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/k15.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/k15.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..780d9ff18594e4a7f85f6fcbfa37b437385cb92f --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/k15.xml @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ +Sample K15 from Ann Hebson, The Lattimer Legend. + New York: The Macmillan Company, 1961. Pp. 190-195. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,005 words 391 (19.5%) quotes 1 symbolK15

Used by permission of The Macmillan Company. 0010-1760

 Ann Hebson, The Lattimer Legend. + New York: The Macmillan Company, 1961. Pp. 190-195. +

Note: apostrophe missing in Harpers Ferry [0460, 0940]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Beth was very still and her breath came in small jerking gasps . +The thin legs twitched convulsively once , then Kate felt the little body stiffening in her arms and heard one strangled sound . +The scant flesh grew cool beneath her frantic hands . +The child was gone . +

+

When Juanita awoke , Kate was still rocking the dead child , still crooning in disbelief , `` No , no , oh , no ! ! +

+

They put Kate to bed and wired Jonathan and sent for the young Presbyterian minister . +He sat beside Kate's bed with the others throughout the morning , talking , talking of God's will , while Kate lay staring angrily at him . +When he told her God had called the child to Him , she rejected his words rebelliously . +

+

Few of the neighbors came , but Mrs. Tussle came , called by tragedy . +`` It always comes in threes '' , she sighed heavily . +`` Trouble never comes but in threes '' . +

+

They held the funeral the next morning from the crossroads church and buried the little box in the quiet family plot . +Kate moved through all the preparations and services in a state of bewilderment . +She would not accept the death of such a little child . +`` God called her to Him '' , the minister had said . +God would not do that , Kate thought stubbornly . +

+

Jonathan's letter came , as she knew it would , and he had accepted their child's death as another judgment from God against both Kate and himself . +In blind panic of grief she accepted Jonathan's dictum , and believed in her desperation that she had been cursed by God . +She held Jonathan's letter , his words burning like a brand , and knew suddenly that the bonds between them were severed . +She had nothing left but her duty to his land and his son . +Joel came and sat mutely with her , sharing her pain and anguish , averting his eyes from the ice packs on her bosom . +

+

Juanita and Mrs. Tussle kept Kate in bed a week until her milk dried . +When she returned to life in the big house she felt shriveled of all emotion save dedication to duty . +She disciplined herself daily to do what must be done . +She had even steeled herself to keep Juanita upstairs in the nurse's room off the empty nursery , although the girl tried to insist on moving back to the quarters to spare Kate remembrance of the baby's death . +

+

Juanita drooped about the place , wearing a haunted , brooding look , which Kate attributed to the baby's death , until the day a letter came for her addressed to `` Miss Juanita Fitzroy '' , bearing a Grafton postmark . +Seeing the slanting hand , Kate knew uneasily that it was from the Yankee colonel . +The Federal forces had taken Parkersburg and Grafton from the Rebels and were moving to take all the mountains . +Kate tried to contain her curiosity and foreboding at what the letter portended , at what involvement existed for Juanita . +

+

Uncle Randolph and Joel had replanted the bottom lands with difficulty , for more of the slaves , including Annie , had sneaked off when the soldiers broke camp . +Joel worked like a field hand in the afternoons after school . +He had been at lessons in the schoolhouse since they returned from Harpers Ferry . +Kate felt she had deserted the boy in her own loss . +She loved him and missed his company . +

+

Uncle Randolph had been riding out every evening on some secret business of his own . +What it was Kate could not fathom . +He claimed to be visiting the waterfront saloon at the crossroads to play cards and drink with his cronies , but Kate had not smelled brandy on him since Mrs. Lattimer's funeral . +Joel knew what he was about , however . +

+

`` You're gonna get caught '' , she heard Joel say to Uncle Randolph by the pump one morning . +

+

`` Not this old fox '' , chuckled Uncle Randolph . +`` Everybody knows I'm just a harmless , deaf old man who takes to drink . +I aim to keep a little whisky still back in the ridge for my pleasure '' . +

+

`` Whiskey still , my foot '' , said Joel . +`` You're back there riding with the guerrillas , the Moccasin Rangers '' . +

+

`` Hush '' , said Uncle Randolph , smiling , `` or I'll give you another black eye '' . +He patted the eye Joel had had blackened in a fight over being Rebel at the crossroads some days back . +

+

Kate had no idea what they were talking of , although she had seen the blue lights and strange fires burning and winking on the ridges at night , had heard horsemen on the River Road and hill trails through the nights till dawn . +Stranger , Uncle Randolph began riding home nights with a jug strapped to his saddle , drunkenly singing `` Old Dan Tucker '' at the top of his voice . +Hearing his voice ring raucously up from the road , Kate would await him anxiously and watch perplexed as he walked into the house , cold sober . +What he was about became clear to her with the circulation of another broadside proclamation by General McClellan , threatening reprisals against Rebel guerrillas . +She was taken up in worry for the reckless old man . +

+

Kate drew more and more on her affection for Joel through the hot days of summer work . +She had taken him out of the schoolhouse and closed the school for the summer , after she saw Miss Snow crack Joel across the face with a ruler for letting a snake loose in the schoolroom . +Kate had walked past the school on her morning chores and had seen the whole incident , had seen Joel's burning humiliation before Miss Snow's cold , bespectacled wrath . +He had the hardest pains of growing before him now , as he approached twelve . +These would be his hardest years , she knew , and he missed his father desperately . +

+

She tried to find some way to draw him out , to help him . +Whenever she found time , she went blackberry picking with him , and they would come home together , mouths purple , arms and faces scratched , tired enough to forget grief for another day . +He tended the new colts Beau had sired . +He helped Kate and Juanita enlarge the flower garden in the side yard , where they sometimes sat in the still evenings watching the last fat bees working against the summer's purple dusk . +

+

No one went much to the crossroads now except Uncle Randolph . +They stayed in their own world on the bluff , waiting for letters and the peddler , bringing the news . +Jonathan wrote grimly of the destruction of Harpers Ferry before they abandoned it ; ; +of their first engagement at Falling Waters after Old Jack's First Brigade had destroyed all the rolling stock of the B & O Railroad . +The men were restive , he wrote , ready to take the battle to the enemy as Jackson wished . +

+

The peddler came bawling his wares and told them of the convention in Wheeling , Which had formed a new state government by declaring the government at Richmond in the east illegal because they were traitors . +Dangling his gaudy trinkets before them , he told of the Rebel losses in the mountains , at Cheat and Rich mountains both , and the Federal march on Beverly . +

+

`` Cleaned all them Rebs out'n the hills , they did ! ! +They won't never git over inter loyal western Virginia , them traitors ! ! +The Federals is making everybody take the oath of loyalty around these parts too '' , he crowed . +

+

After he had gone , Kate asked Uncle Randolph proudly , `` Would you take their oath '' ? ? +

+

And the old man had given a sly and wicked laugh and said , `` Hell , yes ! ! +I think I've taken it about fifty times already '' ! ! +Winking at Joel's look of shock . +

+

Her mother wrote Kate of her grief at the death of Kate's baby and at Jonathan's decision to go with the South `` And , dear Kate '' , she wrote , `` poor Dr. Breckenridge's son Robert is now organizing a militia company to go South , to his good father's sorrow . +Maj. Anderson of Fort Sumter is home and recruiting volunteers for the U.S. Army . +In spite of the fact that the state legislature voted us neutral , John Hunt Morgan is openly flying the Confederate flag over his woolen factory '' ! ! +

+

Rumor of a big battle spread like a grassfire up the valley . +Accounts were garbled at the telegraph office when they sent old George down to Parkersburg for the news . +

+

`` All dey know down dere is it were at Manassas Junction and it were a big fight '' , the old man told them . +

+

In the next few days they had cause to rejoice . +It had been a big battle , and the Confederate forces had won . +Jonathan and Ben were not on the lists of the dead or on that of the missing . +Kate and Mrs. Tussle waited for letters anxiously . +Joel went to the crest of a hill behind the house and lit an enormous victory bonfire to celebrate . +When Kate hurried in alarm to tell him to put it out , she saw other dots of flames among the western Virginia hills from the few scattered fires of the faithful . +They all prayed now that the North would realize that peace must come , for Virginia had defended her land victoriously . +

+

The week after Manassas the sound of horses in the yard brought Kate up in shock from an afternoon's rest when she saw the Federal soldiers from her upstairs window . +They had already lost most of their corn , she thought . +Were they to be insulted again because of the South's great victory ? ? +She remembered McClellan's last proclamation as she hurried fearfully down the stairs . +

+

At the landing she saw Juanita , her face flushed pink with excitement , run down the hall from the kitchen to the front door . +Juanita stopped just inside the open door , her hand to her mouth . +As Kate came swiftly down the stairs to the hall she saw Colonel Marsh framed in the doorway , his face set in the same vulnerable look Juanita wore . +Kate greeted him gravely , uneasy with misgivings at his visit . +

+

`` What brings you here again , Colonel Marsh '' ? ? +She asked , taking him and Juanita into the parlor where the shutters were closed against the afternoon sun . +

+

`` I stopped to say goodbye , Mrs. Lattimer , and to tell you how sorry I was to hear about your baby . +I wish our doctor could have saved her '' . +

+

`` It was a terrible loss to me '' , said Kate quietly , feeling the pain twist again at the mention , knowing now that Juanita must have written to him at Grafton . +`` Where will you go now that you're leaving Parkersburg '' ? ? +She asked him , seeing Juanita's eyes grow bleak . +

+

`` As you know , General McClellan has been occupying Beverly . +He has notified me that he has orders to go to Washington to take over the Army of the Potomac . +I am to go to Washington to serve with him '' . +

+

`` When are you to leave '' ? ? +Kate asked , watching them both now anxiously . +Their eyes betrayed too much of their emotions , she thought sadly . +

+

`` Tomorrow . +Would you permit Juanita to walk about the grounds with me for a short spell , Mrs. Lattimer '' ? ? +

+

`` Stay here in the parlor where it's cool '' , she said , trying to be calm . +It would be better for Joel and Uncle Randolph and Mrs. Tussle not to see them . +

+

Kate went back and reminded the kitchen women of the supper preparations . +Then she took iced lemonade to Marsh's young aide where he sat in the cool of the big trees around the flower garden . +When Marsh called to his aide and the pair rode off down the River Road where the gentians burned blue , Juanita was shaken and trying not to cry . +She sought Kate out upstairs , her lips trembling . +

+

`` He wants me to go with him tomorrow '' , she told Kate . +

+

`` What do you want to do '' ? ? +Kate asked , uneasy at the gravity of the girl's dilemma . +

+

`` I could go with him . +He knows me as your niece , which , of course , I am . +But I am a slave ! ! +You own me . +It's your decision '' , said Juanita , holding her face very still , trying to contain the bitterness of her voice as she enunciated her words too distinctly . +

+

`` No , the decision is yours . +I have held your papers of manumission since I married Mr. Lattimer '' . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/k18.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/k18.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c3a09004aa6920362d8798272ebcfdf6aed485c --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/k18.xml @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +Sample K18 from John Dos Passos, Midcentury. + Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1961. Pp. 94-98. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus1,996 words 182 (9.1%) quotesK18

Used by permission of John Dos Passos. 0020-1650

 John Dos Passos, Midcentury. + Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1961. Pp. 94-98. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

She was getting real dramatic . +I'd have been more impressed if I hadn't remembered that she'd played Hedda Gabler in her highschool dramatics course . +I didn't want her back on that broken record . +

+

`` Nothing's free in the whole goddam world '' , was all I could think of to say . +When I'd delivered myself of that gem there was nothing to do but order up another drink . +

+

`` I am '' , she said . +

+

I'd forgotten all about Thelma and the Kentucky Derby and how it was Thelma's fifty dollars I was spending . +It was just me and Eileen getting drunk together like we used to in the old days , and me staring at her across the table crazy to get my hands on her partly because I wanted to wring her neck because she was so ornery but mostly because she was so wonderful to touch . +Drunk or sober she was the most attractive woman in the world for me . +I was crazy about her all over again . +It was the call of the wild all right . +

+

That evening turned out to be hell like all the others . +We moved down Broadway from ginmill to ginmill . +It was the same old routine . +Eileen got to dancing , just a little tiny dancing step to a hummed tune that you could hardly notice , and trying to pick up strange men , but each time I was ready to say to hell with it and walk out she'd pull herself together and talk so understandingly in that sweet husky voice about the good times and the happiness we'd had together and there I was back on the hook . +

+

I did have the decency to call up Thelma and tell her I'd met old friends and would be home late . +

+

`` I could scratch her eyes out '' , Eileen cried and stamped her foot when I came back from the phone booth . +`` You know I don't like my men to have other women . +I hate it . +I hate it '' . +

+

She got so drunk I had to take her home . +It was a walk up on Hudson Street . +She just about made me carry her upstairs and then she clung to me and wouldn't let me go . +

+

There was a man's jacket on the chair and a straw hat on the table . +The place smelt of some kind of hair lotion these pimplike characters use . +`` What about Ballestre '' ? ? +I had to shake her to make her listen . +`` Precious . +What about him '' ? ? +

+

Suddenly she was very mysterious and dramatic . +`` Precious and I allow each other absolute freedom . +We are above being jealous . +He's used to me bringing home strange men . +I'll just tell him you're my husband . +He can't object to that '' . +

+

`` Well I object . +If he pokes his nose in here I'll slug him '' . +

+

`` That really would be funny '' . +

+

She began to laugh . +She was still laughing when I grabbed her and started rolling her on the bed . +After all I'm made of flesh and blood . +I'm not a plaster saint . +

+

Waking up was horrible . +Never in my life have I felt so remorseful about anything I've done as I did about spending that night with my own wife . +

+

We both had hangovers . +Eileen declared she couldn't lift her head from the pillow . +She lay under the covers making jabbing motions with her forefinger telling me where to look for the coffeepot . +I was stumbling in my undershirt trying to find my way around her damn kitchenette when I smelt that sickish sweet hairtonic smell . +There was somebody else in the apartment . +

+

I stiffened . +Honest I could feel the hair stand up on the back of my neck like a dog's that is going to get into a fight . +I turned around with the percolator in my hand . +My eyes were so bleary I could barely see him but there he was , a little smooth olivefaced guy in a new spring overcoat and a taffycolored fedora . +Brown eyes , eyebrow mustache . +Oval face without an expression in the world . +

+

We didn't have time to speak before Eileen's voice was screeching at us from the bed . +`` Joseph Maria Ballestre meet Francis Xavier Bowman . +Exboyfriend meet exhusband '' . +She gave the nastiest laugh I ever heard . +`` And don't either of you forget that I'm not any man's property . +If you want to fight , go down on the sidewalk '' . +She was enjoying the situation . +Imagine that . +

+

Eileen was a psychologist all right . +Instead of wanting to sock the poor bastard I found myself having a fellowfeeling for him . +Maybe he felt the same way . +I never felt such a lowdown hound in my life . +First thing I knew he was in the kitchenette cooking up the breakfast and I was handing Eileen her coffeecup and she was lying there handsome as a queen among her courtiers . +

+

I couldn't face Thelma after that night . +I didn't even have the nerve to call her on the telephone . +I wrote her that I'd met up with Eileen and that old bonds had proved too strong and asked her to send my clothes down by express . +Of course I had to give her Eileen's address , but she never came near us . +All she did was write me a pleasant little note about how it was beautiful while it lasted but that now life had parted our ways and it was goodbye forever . +She never said a word about the fifty dollars . +She added a postscript begging me to be careful about drinking . +I must know that that was my greatest weakness underlined three times . +

+

Afterwards I learned that Eileen had called Thelma on the telephone and made a big scene about Thelma trying to take her husband away . +That finished me with Thelma . +Trust Eileen to squeeze all the drama out of a situation . +

+

And there I was shacked up with Eileen in that filthy fourth floor attic on Hudson Street . +I use the phrase advisedly because there was something positively indecent about our relationship . +I felt it and it ate on me all the time , but I didn't know how right I was till later . +

+

What I did know was that Precious was always around . +He slept in the hall bedroom at the head of the stairs . +`` Who do you think pays the rent ? ? +You wouldn't have me throw the poor boy out on the street '' , Eileen said when I needled her about it . +I said sure that was what I wanted her to do but she paid no attention . +Eileen had a wonderful way of not listening to things she didn't want to hear . +Still I didn't think she was twotiming me with Precious right then . +To be on the safe side I never let Eileen get out of my sight day or night . +

+

Precious had me worried . +I couldn't make out what his racket was . +I'd thought him a pimp or procurer but he didn't seem to be . +He was smooth and civil spoken but it seemed to me there was something tough under his selfeffacing manner . +Still he let Eileen treat him like a valet . +Whenever the place was cleaned or a meal served it was Precious who did the work . +

+

I never could find out what his business was . +He always seemed to have money in his pocket . +The phone had been disconnected but telegrams came for him and notes by special messenger . +Now and then he would disappear for several days . +`` Connections '' was all he would say with that smooth hurt smile when I put leading questions . +`` Oh he's just an international spy '' , Eileen would shout with her screechy laugh . +

+

Poor devil he can't have been too happy either . +He got no relief from drink because , though sometimes Precious would buy himself a drink if he went out with us in the evening , he'd leave it on the table untouched . +

+

When I was in liquor I rode him pretty hard I guess . +Occasionally if I pushed him too far he'd give me a look out of narrowed eyes and the hard cruel bony skull would show through that smooth face of his . +`` Some day '' , I told Eileen , `` that guy will kill us both '' . +She just wouldn't listen . +

+

Getting drunk every night was the only way I could handle the situation . +Eileen seemed to feel the same way . +We still had that much in common . +The trouble was drinking cost money . +The way Eileen and I were hitting it up , we needed ten or fifteen dollars an evening . +Eileen must have wheedled a little out of Precious . +I raised some kale by hocking the good clothes I had left over from my respectable uptown life , but when that was gone I didn't have a cent . +I don't know what we would have done if Pat O'Dwyer hadn't come to town . +

+

Pat O'Dwyer looked like a heavier Jim . +He had the same bullet head of curly reddish hair but he didn't have Jim's pokerfaced humor or his brains or his charm . +He was a big thick beefy violent man . +Now Pat may have been a lecher and a plugugly , but he was a good churchgoing Catholic and he loved his little sister . +Those O'Dwyers had that Irish clannishness that made them stick together in spite of politics and everything . +

+

Pat took Eileen and me out to dinner at a swell steak house and told us with tears in his eyes how happy he was we had come together again . +`` Whom God hath joined '' etcetera . +The O'Dwyers were real religious people except for Kate . +Now it would be up to me to keep the little girl out of mischief . +Pat had been worried as hell ever since she'd lost her job on that fashion magazine . +It had gone big with the Hollywood girls when he told them his sister was an editor of Art And Apparel . +How about me trying to help her get her job back ? ? +

+

All evening Eileen had been as demure as a little girl getting ready for her first communion . +It just about blew us both out of the water when Eileen suddenly came out with what she came out with . +`` But brother I can't take a job right now '' , she said with her eyes on her ice cream , `` I'm going to have a baby , Francis Xavier's baby , my own husband's baby '' . +

+

My first thought was how had it happened so soon , but I counted back on my fingers and sure enough we'd been living together six weeks . +Pat meanwhile was bubbling over with sentiment . +Greatest thing that ever happened . +Now Eileen really would have to settle down to love honor and obey , and she'd have to quit drinking . +He'd come East for the christening , by God he would . +When we separated that evening Pat pushed a hundred dollar bill into Eileen's hand to help towards a layette . +

+

Before he left town Pat saw to it that I was fixed up with a job . +Pat had contacts all over the labor movement . +A friend of Pat's named Frank Sposato had just muscled into the Portwatchers' Union . +

+

The portwatchers were retired longshoremen and small time seafarers off towboats and barges who acted as watchmen on the wharves . +Most of them were elderly men . +It was responsible and sometimes dangerous work because the thieving is awful in the port of New York . +They weren't as well paid as they should have been . +One reason the portwatchers let Sposato take them over was to get the protection of his musclemen . +

+

Sposato needed a front , some labor stiff with a clean record to act as business agent of the Redhook local . +There I was a retired wobbly and structural iron worker who'd never gouged a cent off a fellow worker in my thirty years in the movement . +For once radicalism was a recommendation . +

+

Sposato couldn't wait to get me hired . +With my gray hair and my weatherbeaten countenance I certainly looked the honest working stiff . +The things a man will do for a woman . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/k23.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/k23.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d2863a228c0670c1e76d90fe6548875a928cfa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/k23.xml @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +Sample K23 from Frieda Arkin, "The Light of the Sea," in The Best American Short + Stories 1962, edited by Martha Foley and David Burnett. + Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1961. Pp. 2-6. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,025 words 199 (9.8%) quotesK23

Used by permission of Frieda Arkin.0010-1730

 Frieda Arkin, "The Light of the Sea," in The Best American Short + Stories 1962, edited by Martha Foley and David Burnett. + Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1961. Pp. 2-6. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

It was not as though she noted clearly that her nephews had not been to see her for ten years , not since their last journey eastward to witness their Uncle Izaak being lowered into the rocky soil ; ; +that aside from due notification of certain major events in their lives ( two marriages , two births , one divorce ) , Christmas and Easter cards of the traditional sort had been the only thin link she had with them through the widowed years . +Her thoughts were not discrete . +But there was a look about her mouth as though she were tasting lemons . +

+

She grasped the chair arms and brought her thin body upright , like a bird alert for flight . +She turned and walked stiffly into the parlor to the dainty-legged escritoire , warped and cracked now from fifty years in an atmosphere of sea spray . +There she extracted two limp vellum sheets and wrote off the letters , one to Abel , one to Mark . +

+

Once her trembling hand , with the pen grasped tight in it , was pressed against the paper the words came sharply , smoothly , as authoritatively as they would dropping from her own lips . +And the stiffly regal look of them , she saw grimly , lacked the quaver of age which , thwarting the efforts of her amazing will , ran through her spoken words like a thin ragged string . +`` Please come down as soon as you conveniently can '' , the upright letters stalked from the broad-nibbed pen , `` I have an important matter to discuss with you '' . +To Abel : `` I am afraid there is not much to amuse small children here . +I should be obliged if you could make other arrangements for your daughters . +You may stay as long as you wish , of course , but if arranging for the care of the girls must take time into account , I think a day or two should be enough to finish our business in '' . +To Mark : `` Please give my regards to Myra '' . +

+

She signed the letters quickly , stamped them , and placed them on the hall table for Raphael to mail in town . +Then she went back to the wicker chair and resolutely adjusted her eyes to the glare on the water . +

+

`` My nephews will be coming down '' , she said that evening as Angelina brought her dinner into the dining room , the whole meal on a vast linen-covered tray . +She looked at the girl speculatively from eyes which had paled with the years ; ; +from the early evening lights of them which had first startled Izaak to look at her in an uncousinly way , they had faded to a near-absence of color which had , possibly from her constant looking at the water , something of the light of the sea in them . +

+

Angelina placed the tray on the table and with a flick of dark wrist drew off the cloth . +She smiled , and the teeth gleamed in her beautifully modeled olive face . +`` That will be so nice for you , Mrs. Packard '' , she said . +Her voice was ripe and full and her teeth flashed again in Sicilian brilliance before the warm curved lips met and her mouth settled in repose . +

+

`` Um '' , said the old lady , and brought her eyes down to the tray . +`` You remember them , I suppose '' ? ? +She glinted suspiciously at the dish before her : `` blowfish . +I hope Raphael bought them whole '' . +

+

Angelina stepped back , her eyes roaming the tray for omissions . +Then she looked at the old woman again , her eyes calm . +

+

`` Yes '' , she said , `` I remember that they came here every summer . +I used to play with the older one sometimes , when he'd let me . +Abel '' ? ? +The name fell with lazy affectionate remembrance from her lips . +For an instant the old aunt felt something indefinable flash through her smile . +She would have said triumph . +Then Angelina turned and with an easy grace walked toward the kitchen . +

+

Jessica Packard lifted her head and followed the retreating figure , her eyes resting nearly closed on the unself-conscious rise and fall of the rounded hips . +For a moment she held her face to the empty doorway ; ; +then she snorted and groped for her fork . +

+

There's no greater catastrophe in the universe , she reflected dourly , impaling tender green beans on the silver fork , than the dwindling away of a family . +Procreation , expansion , proliferation -- these are the laws of living things , with the penalty for not obeying them the ultimate in punishments : oblivion . +When the fate of the individual is visited on the group , then ( the warm sweet butter dripped from her raised trembling fork and she pushed her head forward belligerently ) , ah , then the true bitterness of existence could be tasted . +And indeed the young garden beans were brackish in her mouth . +

+

She was the last living of the older generation . +What had once been a widespread family -- at one time , she knew , there were enough Packards to populate an entire county -- had now narrowed down to the two boys , Abel and Mark . +She swung her eyes up to the blue of the window , her jaws gently mashing the bitter beans . +What hope lay in the nephews , she asked the intensifying light out there , with one married to a barren woman and the other divorced , having sired two girl children , with none to bear on the Packard name ? ? +

+

She ate . +It seemed to her , as it seemed each night , that the gloom drew itself in and became densest at the table's empty chairs , giving her the frequent illusion that she dined with shadows . +Here , too , she talked low , quirking her head at one or another of the places , most often at Izaak's armchair which faced her across the long table . +Or it might have been the absent nephews she addressed , consciously playing with the notion that this was one of the summers of their early years . +

+

She thought again of her children , those two who had died young , before the later science which might have saved them could attach even a label to their separate malignancies . +The girl , her first , she barely remembered . +It could have been anyone's infant , for it had not survived the bassinet . +But the boy the boy had been alive yesterday . +Each successive movement in his growing was recorded on the unreeling film inside her . +He ran on his plump sticks of legs , freezing now and again into the sudden startled attitudes which the camera had caught and held on the paling photographs , all carefully placed and glued and labeled , resting in the fat plush album in the bottom drawer of the escritoire . +In the cruel clearness of her memory the boy remained unchanged , quick with the delight of laughter , and the pain with which she recalled that short destroyed childhood was still unendurable to her . +It was one with the desolate rocks and the alien water on those days when she hated the sea . +

+

The brothers drove down together in Mark's small red sports car , Mark at the wheel . +They rarely spoke . +Abel sat and regarded the farm country which , spreading out from both sides of the road , rolled greenly up to where the silent white houses and long barns and silos nested into the tilled fields . +He saw the land with a stranger's eyes , all the old familiarness gone . +And it presented itself to him as it would to any stranger , impervious , complete in itself . +There was stability there , too -- a color which his life had had once . +That is what childhood is , he told himself . +Solid , settled lost . +In the stiff neutral lines of the telephone poles he saw the no-nonsense pen strokes of Aunt Jessica's letter . +What bad grace , what incredible selfishness he and Mark had shown . +The boyhood summers preceding their uncle's funeral might never have been . +They had closed over , absolutely , with the sealing of old Izaak's grave . +The small car flew on relentlessly . +The old woman , stubbornly reigning in the house above the crashing waters took on an ominous reality . +Abel moved and adjusted his long legs . +

+

`` I suppose it has to do with the property '' , Mark had said over the telephone when they had discussed their receipt of the letters . +Not until the words had been spoken did Abel suddenly see the old house and the insistent sea , and feel his contrition blotted out in one shameful moment of covetousness . +He and Mark were the last of the family , and there lay the Cape Ann property which had seemed to have no end , stretching from horizon to horizon , in those golden days of summer . +

+

Now Abel turned his head to look at his brother . +Mark held the wheel loosely , but his fingers curved around it in a purposeful way and the deliberate set of his body spoke plainly of the figure he'd make in the years to come . +His sandy hair was already beginning to thin and recede at the sides , and Abel looked quickly away . +Mark easily looked years older than himself , settled , his world comfortably categorized . +

+

The vacation traffic was becoming heavier as they approached the sea . +`` She didn't mention bringing Myra '' , Mark said , maneuvering the car into the next lane . +`` She's probably getting old -- crotchety , I mean -- and we figured uh-uh , better not . +They've never met , you know . +But Myra wouldn't budge without an express invitation . +I feel kind of bad about it '' . +He gave Abel a quick glance and moved closer to the wheel , hugging it to him , and Abel caught this briefest of allusions to guilt . +

+

`` I imagine the old girl hasn't missed us much '' , Mark added , his eyes on the road . +Abel ignored the half-expressed bid for confirmation . +He smiled . +It was barely possible that his brother was right . +

+

He could tell they were approaching the sea . +The air took on a special strength now that they'd left the fecund warmth of the farmland behind . +There was the smell of the coast , like a primeval memory , composed of equal parts salt water , clams , seaweed and northern air . +He turned from the flying trees to look ahead and saw with an inward boy's eye again the great fieldstone house which , built on one of the many acres of ancestral land bordering the west harbor , had been Izaak's bride-gift to his cousin-wife as the last century ended . +

+

Mark's thoughts must have been keeping silent pace beside his own , climbing the same crags in dirty white sneakers , clambering out on top of the headland and coming upon the sudden glinting water at the same instant . +`` Remember the Starbird ? ? +'' Mark asked , and Abel lifted his eyes from the double lines in the middle of the road , the twin white ribbons which the car swallowed rapidly as it ascended the crest of the hill and came down . +

+

`` The Starbird , '' Abel said . +There was the day Uncle Izaak had , in an unexpected grandiose gesture , handed over the pretty sloop to Abel for keeps , on condition that he never fail to let his brother accompany him whenever younger the boy wished . +The two of them had developed into a remarkable sailing team all of this happening in a time of their lives when their youth and their brotherhood knitted them together as no other time or circumstance could . +They seemed then to have had a single mind and body , a mutuality which had been accepted with the fact of their youth , casually . +He saw the Starbird as she lay , her slender mast up and gently turning , its point describing constant languid circles against a cumulus sky . +Both of them had known the feeling of the small life in her waiting , ready , for the two of them to run up her sails . +The Starbird had been long at the bottom of the bay . +

+

They came unexpectedly upon the sea . +Meeting it without preparation as they did , robbed of anticipation , a common disappointment seized them . +They were climbing the hill in the night when the headlights abruptly probed solid blackness , became two parallel luminous tubes which broadened out into a faint mist of light and ended . +Mark stopped the car and switched off the lights and they sat looking at the water , which , there being no moon out , at first could be distinguished from the sky only by an absence of stars . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/k28.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/k28.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65a75db37dd217002db29796896bf77bed20ccbb --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/k28.xml @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ +Sample K28 from Sallie Bingham, "Moving Day," The Atlantic Monthly, 208: 5 + (November, 1961), 63-65. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,011 words 525 (26.1%) quotesK28

Used by permission of Sallie Bingham.0010-1700

 Sallie Bingham, "Moving Day," The Atlantic Monthly, 208: 5 + (November, 1961), 63-65. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Going downstairs with the tray , Winston wished he could have given in to Miss Ada , but he knew better than to do what she said when she had that little-girl look . +There were times it wasn't right to make a person happy , like the times she came in the kitchen and asked know we don't keep peanut `` butter for a peanut butter sandwich . +You in this house '' , he always told her . +`` Why , Winston '' , she'd cry , `` I just now saw you eating it out of the jar '' ! ! +But he knew how important it was for her to keep her figure . +

+

In the kitchen , Leona , his little young wife , was reading the morning paper . +Her legs hung down long and thin as she sat on the high stool . +

+

`` Here '' , Winston said gently , `` what's these dishes doing not washed '' ? ? +The enormous plates which had held Mr. Jack's four fried eggs and five strips of bacon were still stacked in the sink . +

+

`` Leave me alone '' , Leona said . +`` Can't you see I'm busy '' ? ? +She looked at him impudently over the corner of the paper . +

+

`` This is moving day '' , Winston reminded her , `` and I bet you left things every which way upstairs , your clothes all over the floor and the bed not made . +Leona '' ! ! +His eye had fastened on her leg ; ; +bending , he touched her knee . +`` If I catch you one more time down here without stockings '' -- +

+

She twitched her leg away . +`` Fuss , fuss , old man '' . +She had an alley cat's manners . +

+

Winston stacked Miss Ada's thin pink dishes in the sink . +Then he spread out the last list on the counter . +`` To Be Left Behind '' was printed at the top in Miss Ada ; ; +fine hand . +Winston took out a pencil , admired the point , and wrote slowly and heavily , `` Clothes Stand '' . +

+

Sighing , Leona dropped the paper and stood up . +`` I guess I better get ready to go '' . +

+

Winston watched her fumbling to untie her apron . +`` Here '' . +Carefully , he undid the bow . +`` How come your bows is always cockeyed '' ? ? +

+

She turned and put her arms around his neck . +`` I don't want to leave here , Winston '' . +

+

`` Now listen to that '' . +He drew back , embarrassed and pleased . +`` I thought you was sick to death of this big house . +Said you wore yourself out , cleaning all these empty rooms '' . +

+

`` At least there is room here '' , she said . +`` What room is there going to be in an apartment for any child '' ? ? +

+

`` I told you what Miss Ada's doctor said '' . +

+

`` I don't mean Miss Ada ! ! +What you think I care about that ? ? +I mean our children '' . +She sounded as though they already existed . +

+

In spite of the hundred things he had on his mind , Winston went and put his arm around her waist . +`` We've got plenty of time to think about that . +All the time in the world . +We've only been married four years , January '' . +

+

`` Four years '' ! ! +She wailed . +`` That's a long time , waiting '' . +

+

`` How many times have I told you '' -- he began , and was almost glad when she cut him off -- `` Too many times '' ! ! +-- and flounced to the sink , where she began noisily to wash her hands . +

+

Too many times was the truth of it , Winston thought . +He hardly believed his reason himself any more . +Although it had seemed a good reason , to begin with : no couple could afford to have children . +

+

`` How you going to work with a child hanging on you '' ? ? +He asked Leona . +`` You want to keep this job , don't you '' ? ? +He doubted whether she heard him , over the running water . +

+

He sat for a while with his hands on his knees , watching the bend of her back as she gathered up her things -- a comb , a bottle of aspirin -- to take upstairs and pack . +She made him sad some days , and he was never sure why ; ; +it was something to do with her back , the thinness of it , and the quick , jerky way she bent . +She was too young , that was all ; ; +too young and thin and straight . +

+

`` Winston '' ! ! +

+

It was Mr. Jack , bellowing out in the hall . +Winston hurried through the swinging door . +`` I've been bursting my lungs for you '' , Mr. Jack complained . +He was standing in front of the mirror , tightening his tie . +He had on his gray tweed overcoat and his city hat , and his brief case lay on the bench . +`` I don't know what you think you've been doing about my clothes '' , he said . +`` This coat looks like a rag heap '' . +

+

There were a few blades of lint on the shoulder . +Winston took the clothesbrush out of the closet and went to work . +He gave Mr. Jack a real going-over ; ; +he brushed his shoulders and his back and his collar with long , firm strokes . +`` Hey '' ! ! +Mr. Jack cried when the brush tipped his hat down over his eyes . +

+

Winston apologized and quickly set the hat right . +Then he stood back to look at Mr. Jack , who was pulling on his pigskin gloves . +Winston enjoyed seeing him start out ; ; +he wore his clothes with style . +When he was going to town , nothing was good enough -- he had cursed at Winston once for leaving a fleck of polish on his shoelace . +At home , he wouldn't even wash his hands for supper , and he wandered around the yard in a pair of sweaty old corduroys . +The velvet smoking jackets , pearl-gray , wine , and blue , which Miss Ada had bought him hung brushed and unworn in the closet . +

+

`` Good-by , Winston '' , Mr. Jack said , giving a final set to his hat . +`` Look out for those movers '' ! ! +Winston watched him hurry down the drive to his car ; ; +a handsome , fine-looking man it made him proud to see . +

+

After Mr. Jack drove away , Winston went on looking out the window . +He noticed a speck of dirt on the sill and swiped at it with his finger . +Then he looked at his finger , at the wrinkled , heavy knuckle and the thick nail he used like a knife to pry up , slit , and open . +For the first time , he be sad about the move . +That house was ten years off his life let himself . +Each brass handle and hinge shone for his reward , and he knew how to get at the dust in the china flowers and how to take down the long glass drops which hung from the chandelier . +He knew the house like a blind man , through his fingers , and he did not like to think of all the time and rags and polishes he had spent on keeping it up . +

+

Ten years ago , he had come to the house to be interviewed . +The tulips and the big pink peonies had been blooming along the drive , and he had walked up from the bus almost singing . +Miss Ada had been out back , in a straw hat , planting flowers . +She had talked to him right there , with the hot sun in his face , which made him sweat and feel ashamed . +Winston had been surprised at her for that . +Still , he had liked the way she had looked , in a fresh , neat cotton dress -- citron yellow , if he remembered . +She had had a dignity about her , even barefoot and almost too tan . +

+

Since then , the flowers she had planted had spread all over the hill . +Already the jonquils were blooming in a flock by the front gate , and the periwinkles were coming on , blue by the porch steps . +In a week the hyacinths would spike out . +And the dogwood in early May , for Miss Ada's alfresco party ; ; +and after that the Japanese cherries . +Now the yard looked wet and bald , the trees bare under their buds , but in a while Miss Ada's flowers would bloom like a marching parade . +She had dug a hole for each bulb , each tree wore a tag with her writing on it ; ; +where would she go for her gardening now ? ? +Somehow Winston didn't think she'd take to window boxes . +

+

Sighing , he hurried to the living room . +He had a thousand things to see to . +Still , he couldn't help thinking , we're all getting old , getting small ; ; +the snail is pulling in her horns . +

+

In the living room , Miss Ada was standing by the window with a sheaf of lists in her hand . +She was looking out at the garden . +

+

`` Winston '' , she said , `` get the basket for the breakables '' . +

+

Winston had the big straw basket ready in the hall . +He brought it in and put it down beside her . +Miss Ada was looking fine ; ; +she had on her Easter suit , blue , with lavender binding . +Halfway across the house , he could have smelled her morning perfume . +It hung in all her day clothes , sweet and strong ; ; +sometimes when he was pressing , Winston raised her dresses to his face . +

+

Frowning , Miss Ada studied the list . +`` Well , let's see . +The china lemon tree . +The alabaster cockatoo '' . +Winston followed her around the room , collecting the small frail objects ( Christmas , birthday , and anniversary ) and wrapping them in tissue paper . +Neither of them trusted the movers . +

+

When they came to Mr. Jack's photograph , twenty by twelve inches in a curly silver frame , Miss Ada said , `` By rights I ought to leave that , seeing he won't take my clotheshorse '' . +She smiled at Winston , and he saw the hateful hard glitter in her eyes . +He picked up the photograph and began to wrap it . +

+

`` At least you could leave it for the movers '' , Miss Ada said . +`` What possessed you to tell me a clotheshorse would be a good idea '' ? ? +

+

Winston folded the tissue paper carefully . +`` He's used it every day ; ; +every morning , I lay out his clothes on it '' . +

+

`` Well , that's over now . +And it was his main present ! ! +Leave that fool picture out '' , she added sharply . +

+

Winston laid it in the basket . +`` Mr. Jack sets store by that '' . +

+

`` Really , Winston . +It was meant to be my present '' . +But she went on down the list . +

+

Winston was relieved ; ; +those presents had been on his mind . +He had only agreed with Miss Ada about getting the valet , but he had actually suggested the photograph to Mr. Jack . +`` You know what she likes , Winston '' , he had said wearily , one evening in November when Winston was pulling off his overshoes . +`` Tell me what to get her for Christmas '' . +

+

`` She's been talking about a picture '' , Winston had told him . +

+

`` Picture ! ! +You mean picture of me '' ? ? +But Winston had persuaded him . +

+

On Christmas night , they had had a disagreement about it . +Winston had heard because he was setting up the liquor tray in the next room . +Through the door , he had seen Mr. Jack walking around , waiting for Miss Ada . +Finally she had come down ; ; +Winston had heard her shaking out the skirt of her new pink silk hostess gown . +

+

`` How do you like it '' ? ? +She had asked . +

+

Mr. Jack had said , `` You look about fifteen years old '' . +

+

`` Is that a compliment '' ? ? +

+

`` I don't know '' . +He had stood at a little distance , studying her , as though he would walk around next and look at the back of her head . +

+

`` Lovie , you make me feel naked '' . +Miss Ada had giggled , and she went sweeping and rustling to the couch and sank down . +

+

`` You look like that picture I have at the office '' , Mr. Jack had started . +`` Not a line , not a wrinkle . +I look like an old man , compared '' , and he had picked up his photograph with the red Christmas bow still on it . +`` Look , an old man . +Will you wear pink when you're sixty '' ? ? +

+

`` Darling , I love that photograph . +I'm going to put it on my dresser '' . +

+

`` I guess it's children make a woman old . +A man gets old anyhow '' . +After a minute he went on , `` People must think the curse is on me , seeing you fresh as an apple and me old and gray '' . +

+

`` I'll give you a medical certificate , framed , if you like '' , Miss Ada had said . +

+

`` No . +All I want is a picture -- with a few lines . +Make the man put them in if he has to '' . +

+

After that they had sat for five minutes without saying a word . +Then Miss Ada had stood up , rustling and rustling , and gone upstairs . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/k29.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/k29.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ace63464fc94eb4bab80d859d40395a6b5603a04 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/k29.xml @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +Sample K29 from Marvin Schiller, "The Sheep's in the Meadow," The Antioch + Review, XXI: 3 (Fall, 1961), 336-340. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,005 words 12 (0.6%) quotes 1 symbolK29

Used by permission of The Antioch Review. 0010-1660

 Marvin Schiller, "The Sheep's in the Meadow," The Antioch + Review, XXI: 3 (Fall, 1961), 336-340. +

Typographical Error: gentlemen [for gentleman] [1340]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Was it love ? ? +I had no doubt that it was . +During the rest of the summer my scholarly mania for making plaster casts and spatter prints of Catskill flowers and leaves was all but surpassed by the constantly renewed impressions of Jessica that my mind served up to me for contemplation and delight . +

+

Nothing in all the preceding years had had the power to bring me closer to a knowledge of profound sorrow than the breakup of camp , the packing away of my camp uniforms , the severing of ties with the six or ten people I had grown most to love in the world . +In final separation from them , in the railroad terminal across the river from New York , I would nearly cry . +My parents' welcoming arms would seem woeful , inadequate , unwanted . +But that year was different , for just as the city , in the form of my street clothes , had intruded upon my mountain nights , so an essential part of the summer gave promise of continuing into the fall : Jessica and I , about to be separated not by a mere footbridge or messhall kitchen but by the immense obstacle of residing in cruelly distant boroughs , had agreed to correspond . +

+

These letters became the center of my existence . +I lived to see an envelope of hers in the morning mail and to lock myself in my room in the afternoon to reread her letter for the tenth time and finally prepare an answer . +My memory has catalogued for easy reference and withdrawal the image of her pink , scented stationery and the unsloped , almost printed configurations of her neat , studious handwriting with which she invited me to recall our summer , so many sentences beginning with `` Remember when ; ; +'' and others concerning camp friends who resided in her suburban neighborhood , , and news of her commencing again her piano lessons , her private school , a visit to Boston to see her grandparents and an uncle who was a surgeon returned on furlough , wounded , from the war in Europe . +

+

In my letters I took on a personality that differed from the self I knew in real life . +Then epistolatory me was a foreign correspondent dispatching exciting cables and communiques , full of dash and wit and glamor , quoting from the books I read , imitating the grand styles of the authors recommended by a teacher in whose special , after-school class I was enrolled . +The letters took their source from a stream of my imagination in which I was transformed into a young man not unlike my bunkmate Eliot Sands -- he of the porch steps anecdotes -- who smoked cigarettes , performed the tango , wore fifty dollar suits , and sneaked off into the dark with girls to do unimaginable things with them . +Like Eliot , in my fantasies , I had a proud bearing and , with a skill that was vaguely continental , I would lead Jessica through an evening of dancing and handsome descriptions of my newest exploits , would guide her gently to the night's climax which , in my dreams , was always represented by our almost suffocating one another to death with deep , moist kisses burning with love . +The night after reading her letter about her surgeon uncle -- it must have been late in September -- I had a vision of myself returned in ragged uniform from The Front , nearly dying , my head bandaged and blooded , and Jessica bending over me , the power of her love bringing me back to life . +For many nights afterward , the idea of her having been so close to me in that imagined bed would return and fill me with obscure and painful desires , would cause me to lie awake in shame , tossing with irresolution , longing to fall into a deep sleep . +

+

The weeks went by , and the longer our separation grew , the more unbounded and almost unbearable my fantasies became . +They caused my love for Jessica to become warmer and at the same time more hopeless , as if my adolescent self knew that only torment would ever bring me the courage to ask to see her again . +

+

As it turned out , Jessica took matters into her own hands . +Having received permission to give a camp reunion-Halloween party , she asked that I come and be her date . +I went and , mum and nervous , all but made a fool of myself . +Again among those jubilantly reunited bunkmates , I was shy with Jessie and acted as I had during those early Saturday mornings when we all seemed to be playing for effect , to be detached and unconcerned with the girls who were properly our dates but about whom , later , in the privacy of our bunks , we would think in terms of the most elaborate romance . +I remember standing in a corner , watching Jessica act the hostess , serving soft drinks to her guests . +She was wearing her dark hair in two , thick braids to attain an `` American Girl '' effect she thought was appropriate to Halloween . +It made her look sweet and schoolgirlish , I was excited to be with her , but I did not know how to express it . +Yet a moment did come that night when the adventurous letter writer and fantasist seemed to stride off my flashy pages , out of my mind , and plant himself in reality . +It was late , we were playing kissing games , and Jessica and I were called on to kiss in front of the others . +We blushed and were flustered , and it turned out to be the fleetest brush of lips upon cheek . +The kiss outraged our friends but it was done and meanwhile had released in me all the remote , exciting premonitions of lust , all the mysterious sensations that I had imagined a truly consummated kiss would convey to me . +

+

It was at that party that , finally overcoming my timidity , inspired by tales only half-understood and overheard among older boys , I asked Jessie to spend New Year's Eve with me . +Lovingly , she accepted , and so great was my emotion that all I could think of saying was , `` You're amazing , you know '' ? ? +Later , we agreed to think of how we wished to spend that night . +We would write to one another and make a definite plan . +She was terribly pleased . +

+

Among my school and neighborhood friends , during the next months , I bragged and swaggered and pompously described my impending date . +But though I boasted and gave off a dapper front , I was beneath it all frightened . +It would be the first time I had ever been completely alone with a girl I loved . +I had no idea of what subjects one discussed when alone with a girl , or how one behaved : Should I hold her hand while walking or only when crossing the street ? ? +Should I bring along a corsage or send one to her ? ? +Was it preferable to meet her at home or in the city ? ? +Should I accompany her to the door of her home , or should I ask to be invited in ? ? +In or out , should I kiss her goodnight ? ? +All this was unknown to me , and yet I had dared to ask her out for the most important night of the year ! ! +

+

When in one letter Jessica informed me that her father did not like the idea of her going out alone on New Year's Eve , I knew for a moment an immense relief ; ; +but the letter went on : she had cried , she had implored , she had been miserable at his refusal , and finally he had relented -- and now how happy she was , how expectant ! ! +

+

Her optimism gave me heart . +I forced confidence into myself . +I made inquiries , I read a book of etiquette . +In December I wrote her with authority that we would meet on the steps of the Hotel Astor , a rendezvous spot that I had learned was the most sophisticated . +We would attend a film and , later on , I stated , we might go to the Mayflower Coffee Shop or Child's or Toffenetti's for waffles . +I set the hour of our meeting for seven . +

+

At five o'clock that night it was already dark , and behind my closed door I was dressing as carefully as a groom . +I wore a new double-breasted brown worsted suit with a faint herringbone design and wide lapels like a devil's ears . +My camp-made leather wallet , bulky with twisted , raised stitches around the edges , I stuffed with money I had been saving . +Hatless , in an overcoat of rough blue wool , I was given a proud farewell by my mother and father , and I set out into the strangely still streets of Brooklyn . +I felt superior to the neighborhood friends I was leaving behind , felt older than my years , and was full of compliments for myself as I headed into the subway that was carrying its packs of passengers out of that dull borough and into the unstable , tantalizing excitement of Manhattan . +

+

Times Square , when I ascended to it with my fellow subway travellers ( all dressed as if for a huge wedding in a family of which we were all distant members ) , was nearly impassable , the sidewalks swarming with celebrants , with bundled up sailors and soldiers already hugging their girls and their rationed bottles of whiskey . +Heavy-coated , severe-looking policemen sat astride noble horses along the curbside to prevent the revellers from spilling out in front of the crawling traffic . +The night was cold but the crowd kept one warm . +The giant electric signs and marquees were lit up for the first time since blackout regulations had been instituted , and the atmosphere was alive with the feeling that victory was just around the corner . +Cardboard noisemakers , substitutes for the unavailable tin models , were being hawked and bought at makeshift stands every few yards along Broadway , and one's ears were continually serenaded by the horns' rasps and bleats . +An old gentlemen next to me held a Boy Scout bugle to his lips and blasted away at every fourth step and during the interim shouted out , `` V for Victory '' ! ! +His neighbors cheered him on . +There was a great sense of camaraderie . +How did one join them ? ? +Where were they all walking to ? ? +Was I supposed to buy a funny hat and a rattle for Jessica ? ? +

+

It was a quarter of seven when the crowd washed me up among the other gallants who had established the Astor steps as the beach-head from which to launch their night of merrymaking . +I looked over their faces and felt a twinge : they all looked so much more knowing than I . +I looked away . +I looked for Jessica to materialize out of the clogging , curdling crowd and , as the time passed and I waited , a fiend came to life beside me and whispered in my ear : How was I planning to greet Jessica ? ? +Where exactly would we go after the movie ? ? +Suppose the lines in front of the movie houses were too long and we couldn't get in ? ? +Suppose I hadn't brought along enough money ? ? +I felt for my wallet . +Its thick , substantial outline calmed me . +

+

But when I saw that it was already ten past seven , I began to wonder if something had gone wrong . +Suppose her father had changed his mind and had refused to let her leave ? ? +Suppose at this very moment her father was calling my house in an effort to cancel the plans ? ? +I grew uneasy . +All about me there was a hectic interplay of meetings taking place , like abrupt , jerky scenes in old silent movies , joyous greetings and beginnings , huggings and kissings , enthusiastic forays into the festive night . +Whole platoons were taking up new positions on the steps , arriving and departing , while I stayed glued , like a signpost , to one spot . +

+

At 7:25 two hotel doormen came thumping down the steps , carrying a saw-horse to be set up as a barricade in front of the haberdashery store window next to the entranceway , and as I watched them in their gaudy red coats that nearly scraped the ground , their golden , fringed epaulets and spic , red-visored caps , I suddenly saw just over their shoulders Jessica gracefully making her way through the crowd . +My heart almost stopped beating . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/l01.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/l01.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c81d84800d7ae9fab8e59c1c68a24f34bc843436 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/l01.xml @@ -0,0 +1,212 @@ +Sample L01 from Winfred Van Atta, Shock Treatment. + Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1961. Pp. 24-31. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,000 words 820 (41.0%) quotesL01

Used by permission of Winfred L. Van Atta.0010-1690

 Winfred Van Atta, Shock Treatment. + Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1961. Pp. 24-31. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

There were thirty-eight patients on the bus the morning I left for Hanover , most of them disturbed and hallucinating . +An interne , a nurse and two attendants were in charge of us . +

+

I felt lonely and depressed as I stared out the bus window at Chicago's grim , dirty West Side . +It seemed incredible , as I listened to the monotonous drone of voices and smelled the fetid odors coming from the patients , that technically I was a ward of the state of Illinois , going to a hospital for the mentally ill . +

+

I suddenly thought of Mary Jane Brennan , the way her pretty eyes could flash with anger , her quiet competence , the gentleness and sweetness that lay just beneath the surface of her defenses . +

+

We had become good friends during my stay at Cook County Hospital . +I had told her enough about myself to offset somewhat the damaging stories that had appeared in local newspapers after my little adventure in Marshall Field & Co. . +She knew that I lived at a good address on the Gold Coast , that I had once been a medical student and was thinking of returning to the university to finish my medical studies . +She knew also that I was unmarried and without a single known relative . +She wasn't quite sure that I felt enough remorse about my drinking , or that I would not return to it once I was out and on my own again . +This had worried her . +

+

`` I read those newspaper stories about you '' , she had said . +`` You must have loved that girl very much , but you couldn't have meant it when you said that you wanted to kill her '' . +

+

`` Why do you say that '' ? ? +I asked . +`` I was full of booze and , well , a drunk is apt to do anything he says he'll do '' . +

+

Nonsense ! ! +I grew up in an Irish neighborhood on Chicago's West Side . +Don't tell me about drunks . +You're not the kind to go violent . +Were you in love with that girl '' ? ? +

+

`` Would it make any difference to you if I were , Mary Jane '' ? ? +

+

She met my eyes , suddenly angry . +`` I wouldn't have gone into nursing if I didn't care about people . +I'm interested in every patient I've helped take care of . +When I think of people like you , well , I '' -- +

+

`` You what , Mary Jane '' ? ? +

+

`` You are young , intelligent , have a whole lifetime before you to make something worth while of yourself , but you mess it up with whiskey , indifference , self-destructive attitudes . +I don't blame that girl for breaking her engagement with you . +Was she pretty '' ? ? +

+

`` Oh , yes '' , I said , feeling annoyed , `` she was very pretty . +You don't believe that I'm going back to medical school and finish , do you '' ? ? +

+

`` Why should I ? ? +I've worked this ward for three months now . +We keep getting the same ones back again and again . +They all mean well , have great promises to make when they are about to go home , but drinking is their sickness . +You've not seemed like them , but maybe you are . +You've treated your stay here like a big joke . +It's not a joke to be sent to a place like this or to Hanover . +I wanted to go to college , too '' -- +

+

`` Why didn't you '' ? ? +I asked . +`` Chicago has some of the best '' -- +

+

Her eyes flashed angrily . +`` That's what I mean about you , Anderson '' , she said . +`` You don't seem to know much about reality . +I'll tell you why I didn't go to college ; ; +I'm the oldest of six children . +My father's a policeman and makes less than seven thousand dollars a year . +There was no money for tuition , for clothes , for all the things you apparently take for granted . +Nurses' training here doesn't cost anything . +They even pay me six dollars a month . +I think it's a good deal . +I'm going to become a good nurse , and I've got two baby brothers that are going to have college if I have to work at my profession until I'm an old maid to give it to them '' . +

+

`` Do you have a boy friend '' ? ? +I asked . +

+

`` That's none of your business '' , she said , then changed the subject . +`` What about your father and mother , don't you think of them when you're in a place like this '' ? ? +

+

`` My father and mother died when I was two years old '' , I said . +`` My aunt raised me . +Aunt Mary died when I was doing my military service . +I have no one but myself to worry about '' . +

+

Something in my voice must have touched her deeply because her anger passed quickly , and she turned away to keep me from seeing her face . +

+

`` I'm sorry '' , she said . +`` I don't know what I'd do without my family . +We've always been so close '' . +

+

`` Tell me more about them '' . +

+

Her eyes became bright as she talked about her father and mother , aunts and uncles , cousins . +Listening , I felt cheated and lonely as only an orphan can . +When she had finished I said : +

+

`` Your dad sounds like a good father and a good policeman . +I'll bet he wouldn't be pleased if a rumdum like me were to ask his daughter for a date -- I mean , after I'm out of the hospital , a month or so from now '' . +

+

`` My father is a sergeant of detectives and has been attached to Homicide for five years . +He's a pretty good judge of character , Anderson . +I don't think he'd mind too much if he were sure you'd decided not to be a rumdum in the future '' . +

+

`` What about you ? ? +How would you feel about it if I were to ask you for a date when I get through at Hanover '' ? ? +

+

`` If I thought you were serious about going back to school , that you'd learned something from your experiences here and at Hanover -- well , I might consider such an offer . +What about your that girl you were going to kill '' ? ? +

+

It suddenly seemed very important to me that Mary Jane Brennan should know the truth about me -- that I was not the confused , sick , irresponsible person she believed me to be . +

+

`` There are things about me that I can't tell you now , Mary Jane '' , I said , `` but if you'll go out to dinner with me when I get out of Hanover , I'd like to tell you the whole story . +I can say this : I'm dead serious about going back to school . +As for that other girl , let's just say that I never want to see her again . +You will get to come home on long weekends from Hanover , won't you '' ? ? +

+

`` Yes , I'll get one overnight a month '' . +

+

`` We'll go up to the Edgewater Beach Hotel for dinner '' , I said . +`` Do you like to dance ? ? +They always have a good orchestra '' . +

+

`` I like to dance '' , she said , then turned and walked away . +

+

There hadn't been anything really personal in her interest in me . +I knew that . +It was just that she felt deeply about every patient on the ward and wanted to believe that they might benefit from their treatment there . +

+

Now , riding this hospital bus , feeling isolated and utterly alone , I knew that she was genuine and unique , quite unlike any girl I had known before . +It seemed the most important thing in my life at this moment that she should know the real truth about me . +

+

It was a fantastic story . +Only two people in the state of Illinois knew that I was entering Hanover State Hospital under an assumed name , or why . +It was unlikely that any girl as sharp as Mary Jane Brennan would believe it without proof . +But I had the proof , all documented in a legal agreement which I would show her the moment I was free to do so . +

+

As the bus turned into the main highway and headed toward Hanover I settled back in my seat and closed my eyes , thinking over the events of the past two weeks , trying to put the pieces in order . +I wondered suddenly as I listened to the disconnected jabberings coming from the patient behind me , if I had not perhaps imagined it all . +Perhaps this was reality and Dale Nelson , the actor , was delusion ; ; +a figment of Carl Anderson's imagination . +

+

Four +I had come to Chicago from New York early in September with a dramatic production called Ask Tony . +It was a bad play , real grade-A turkey , which only a prevalence of angels with grandiose dreams of capital gain and tax money to burn could have put into rehearsal . +No one , not even the producer , had any real hope of getting it back to Broadway . +But because it was a suspense gangster story of the Capone era , many of us felt that it might catch on for a run in Chicago , continue as a road company , and eventually become a movie . +

+

Such optimism was completely unjustified . +The critics literally screamed their indignation . +Ask Tony was doomed from the moment Kupcinet leveled on it in his Sun-Times column . +We opened on Friday and closed the following Monday . +Out of the entire cast I alone received good notices for my portrayal of a psychopathic killer . +This let me in for a lot of kidding from the rest of the company , two members of which were native Chicagoans . +

+

We were paid off Tuesday morning and given tickets back to New York . +

+

I felt lonely and depressed as I packed my bags at the Croydon Hotel . +It seemed to me that my life was destined to be one brilliant failure after another . +I had been among the top third in my class at N.Y.U. , had wanted desperately to go to medical school , but I'd run out of money and energy at the same time . +Then later I had quit my safe , secure five-a-week spot on a network soap opera to take a part in this play . +It seemed to me that I was not only unlucky but quite stupid as well . +I knew that I'd soon be back working as an orderly at the hospital or as a counterman at Union News or Schraffts while waiting for another acting job to open . +It suddenly occurred to me that I did not particularly like acting , that I was at some sort of crossroads and would have to decide soon what I was going to do with my life . +

+

I closed the last bag and stood all three at the door for the bellboy to pick up , then went to the bathroom for a drink of water . +The telephone rang . +When I answered it a voice too dignified and British to be real said , `` Is this Mr. Dale Nelson , the actor '' ? ? +

+

`` All right '' , I said . +`` Why don't you bastards lay off for a while '' ? ? +

+

`` I beg your pardon , sir '' ? ? +

+

`` All right . +This is Dale Nelson the actor '' . +

+

`` Good . +I'm calling you , Mr. Nelson , at the request of Mr. Phillip Wycoff . +Could you possibly have lunch with him today ? ? +His car could pick you up at your hotel at twelve '' . +

+

I smiled . +`` You'll send the Rolls-Royce , of course '' ? ? +

+

`` Yes , of course , Mr. Nelson '' . +

+

I started to say something else appropriate , but the man had hung up . +

+

I finally went downstairs to the bar off the main lobby where most of the cast were drowning their sorrows over the untimely passing of Ask Tony . +They all bowed low as I approached them . +

+

`` All right , you bastards '' , I said , `` the great actor is about to buy a drink '' . +

+

I laid a tenspot on the bar and motioned to the bartender to serve a round . +He had just returned my change when the doorman came in off the street to page me . +I walked over to him . +

+

`` You Mr. Nelson '' ? ? +He asked . +

+

`` That's right '' . +

+

`` Mr. Wycoff's car is waiting for you at the east entrance '' . +

+

I followed him out through the lobby to the street . +

+

An ancient Rolls-Royce , as shiningly impressive as the day it came off the ship , was parked at the curb . +The elderly chauffeur , immaculate in a dark uniform , stood stiffly at attention holding open the door of the town car . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/l02.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/l02.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3256159e24a830ca7b0b17d994d71774b5d46ef3 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/l02.xml @@ -0,0 +1,226 @@ +Sample L02 from A. A. Fair, Bachelors Get Lonely. + New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc., 1961. Pp. 82-89. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,024 words 478 (23.6%) quotes 2 symbolsL02

Used by permission of William Morrow & Company, Inc.,0010-1700

 A. A. Fair, Bachelors Get Lonely. + New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc., 1961. Pp. 82-89. +

Note: Automobile license JYJ 114 [0020] JYM 114 [0200]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

I was giving the parked cars the once-over . +The Oldsmobile with the license number JYJ 114 was in stall number five . +

+

`` Okay '' , I said to the attendant , `` I'll let you know if I close the deal on the office in this building '' . +

+

I walked with him back to the entrance . +He gave me a ticket on the agency car and parked it . +

+

I was back in ten minutes . +`` Forgot to get something out of the car '' , I told him , showing him my ticket . +

+

He started to say something as I walked in and then suddenly grinned and said , `` Oh , yes . +You're the one I was talking to about a monthly rental . +

+

`` That's right '' , I told him . +

+

He consulted the parking ticket , then looked at a notation and said , `` You're in the third row back toward the rear . +Can you find it all right '' ? ? +

+

`` Sure '' , I told him . +

+

I went back to the agency car and got out an electric bug , one of the newest devices for electronic shadowing . +I always keep a set in the car . +

+

I put in new batteries so as to be certain I'd have plenty of power and on my way out walked over to the regular parking stalls and stood looking at them thoughtfully . +

+

I waited until the parking attendant was busy with a customer , then slipped around the back of the car with license number JYM 114 , attached the electronic bug to the rear bumper and walked out . +

+

The attendant waved me on . +

+

One of the hardest chores a detective has is hanging around on a city street , trying to make himself inconspicuous , keeping an eye on the entrance of an office building and waiting . +

+

For the first fifteen or twenty minutes it's possible to be more or less interested in window displays , then in people passing by . +After a while , however , a person's mind gets fed up and that magnifies all of the disagreeable physical symptoms which go with that sort of an assignment . +You want to sit down . +Your leg muscles and back muscles feel weary . +You're conscious of the fact that your feet hurt , that the city pavements are hard . +

+

I waited a solid two hours before my man came out of the office building . +He came out alone . +

+

I wasn't far behind him when he entered the parking lot and hurried over to his car . +

+

The attendant recognized me once more and said , `` What did you do about that office '' ? ? +

+

`` I haven't made up my mind yet '' , I said . +`` It's a sublease . +I have a couple of them I'm figuring on ; ; +one here and one that's out quite a ways where there's usually curb parking '' . +

+

`` That curb parking is undependable and annoying , particularly when it rains '' , he said . +

+

I kept trying to get him to take my money . +`` Okay '' , I told him . +`` I'm in a rush right now . +I know where the car is . +Want me to drive it out '' ? ? +

+

`` I'll have one of the boys get it '' , he said . +`` It's one of the rules on transients . +Regulars drive out their own cars '' . +

+

`` Make it as snappy as you can , will you '' ? ? +I asked . +

+

`` Oh , that's all right '' , he said . +`` You're going to be a regular . +You'll get in the office building here . +You don't want to lease a place way out in the sticks . +You get business where the business is , not where it isn't '' . +

+

I grinned at him , handed him a couple of dollars and said , `` By the time you get the parking charge figured up , there should be a cigar in it for you '' . +

+

I hurried over to the agency heap , jumped in , started the motor and was just in time to see the car I wanted to shadow turn to the left . +

+

I was held up a bit trying to make a left turn . +By the time I'd made it he was gone . +Traffic was pretty heavy . +

+

I turned on the electric bug , and the signal came in loud and clear . +

+

I made time and picked him up within ten blocks . +I stayed half a block behind him , letting lots of cars keep in between us , listening to the steady beep beep beep . +

+

After fifteen minutes of traffic driving he turned to the left . +I couldn't see him , but the electric bugging device gave steady beeps when it was straight ahead , short half beeps when the car I was following was to the left , and long drawn-out beeps when it turned to the right . +If it ever got behind me , the beep turned to a buzz . +

+

I turned left too soon and got a signal showing that I was still behind him but he was to the right . +After a while the signal became a buzz and I knew he was behind me . +That meant he'd parked someplace . +I made a big circle until I located the car parked at the curb in front of an apartment house . +

+

I found a parking place half a block away , sat in the car and waited . +

+

My quarry was in the apartment house for two hours . +Then he came out and started driving toward the beach . +

+

By this time it was dark . +I could get up close to him where there was traffic but had to drop far behind when there wasn't traffic . +My lights would have been a giveaway if I'd tried to shadow him in the conventional manner . +Moreover , I'd have lost him if it hadn't been for the electronic shadowing device . +His signal was coming loud and clear and then all of a sudden it turned to a buzz . +I circled the block and found he was in the parking lot of a high-class restaurant . +

+

I sat where I could watch the exit and realized I was hungry . +I sat there with the faint odor of charcoal-broiled steaks tantalizing my nostrils and occasionally catching the aroma of coffee . +

+

My man came out an hour later , drove to the beach , turned right and after half a mile went to the Swim and Tan Motel . +

+

It was a fairly modern motel with quite a bit of electrical display in front . +I remembered it was the Peeping Tom place . +

+

I waited until my man was coming out of the office with the key to a cabin before I went in to register . +

+

The card the man I was shadowing had filled out was still on the counter . +I noticed that he was in Unit 12 and that he had registered under the name of Oscar L. Palmer and wife , giving a San Francisco address . +

+

He had written out the license number of his car but had transposed the last two figures , an old dodge which is still good . +Ninety-nine times out of a hundred the motel manager doesn't check the license number on the plates against the license number the tenant writes out . +If he does , it's still better than an even chance he won't notice the transposition of the numbers , and if he should notice it , the thing can be passed off as an honest mistake . +

+

I used the alias of Robert C. Richards , gave the first three letters and the first and last figure of the license number on the agency heap , but a couple of phony numbers in between . +

+

I could have written anything . +The manager of the motel was a woman who apparently didn't care . +She was complying with the law in regard to registrations but she certainly wasn't checking license numbers or bothering the tenants . +

+

`` You mean you're all alone , Mr. Richards '' ? ? +

+

`` That's right '' . +

+

`` Your wife isn't going to join you -- later '' ? ? +

+

`` I don't think so '' . +

+

`` If you expect her to show up '' , she said , `` you'd better put ' and wife ' on there . +It's a formality , you know '' . +

+

`` Any difference in the rate '' ? ? +I asked . +

+

`` Not to you '' , she said smiling . +`` It's ten dollars either way . +There are ice cubes in a container at the far end and in another by the office . +There are three soft-drink vending machines , and if you should be joined by -- anybody -- try to keep things quiet , if you will . +We like to run a nice quiet place '' . +

+

`` Thank you '' , I told her . +

+

I took another sidelong glance at the other registration card , then took the key to Unit 13 that she had given me and went down long enough to park the car . +

+

The construction was reasonably solid ; ; +not like the cracker-box construction of so many of the motel units that have stucco all over the outside but walls that are thin enough so you can hear every movement of the people in the adjoining apartment . +

+

I put a small electric amplifier against the wall on the side I wanted to case . +With the aid of that I could hear my man moving around , heard him cough a couple of times , heard the toilet flush , heard the sound of water running . +

+

Whoever his companion was going to be , she was going to join him later . +She knew where to come . +He didn't have to telephone . +

+

I was so hungry my stomach felt all lines of communication had been severed . +It's one thing to go without food when you're occupied with some work or when you're simply postponing a meal , but when you're dependent on someone else and know that you can't eat until he's bedded down for the night , hunger can be a gnawing torture . +

+

I had noticed a drive-in down the road a quarter of a mile . +The batteries on the bugging device I had put on the car were still fresh enough to send out good strong signals . +The powerful microphone I could press against the wall between my motel unit and that occupied by the man would bring in the sound of any conversation , and I was positively nauseated I was so hungry . +

+

I got in the car , drove down to the drive-in and ordered a couple of hamburgers with everything included , a cup of coffee and the fastest service possible . +

+

The place wasn't particularly busy at that time of night , and the girl who was waiting on me , who was clothed in the tightest-fitting pair of slacks I had ever seen on a woman and a sweater that showed everything there was -- and there was lots of it -- wanted to be sociable . +

+

`` You really in a hurry , Handsome '' ? ? +She asked . +

+

`` I'm in a hurry , Beautiful '' . +

+

`` It's early in the evening to be in a hurry . +There's lots of time left '' . +`` There may not be any women left '' , I said . +

+

She gave a little pout and said , `` I don't get off work until eleven o'clock . +That's when my evening commences '' . +

+

`` I'll be here at ten-fifty-five '' , I said . +

+

`` Oh , you ! ! +'' She announced . +`` That's what they all say . +What's that thing going buzz-buzz-buzz in your car '' ? ? +

+

I said `` Darn it , that's the automatic signal that shows when the ignition key is on . +I didn't turn it off '' . +I reached over and switched off the electronic bugging device . +

+

She went in to get the hamburgers , and I switched on the device again and kept the signal from Dowling's car coming in steady and clear until I saw her starting back with the hamburgers . +Then I shut off the device again . +

+

She wanted to hang around while I was eating . +`` Don't you think it's selfish to have dinner before you go to pick her up '' ? ? +

+

`` No '' , I said . +`` It's a kindness to her . +You see , she's on a diet . +She'll eat just a pineapple and cottage cheese salad and I'm to have one with her so she won't feel out of place '' . +

+

`` Diets can be terrible '' , the girl said . +`` How much overweight is she '' ? ? +

+

`` Not a bit '' , I said , `` but she's keeping her figure in hand '' . +

+

She looked at me provocatively . +`` Good figures should be kept in hand '' , she said , and walked away with an exaggerated wiggle . +

+

I turned on the device again , half fearful that I might find silence , but the buzzes came in loud and clear . +

+

When I switched on the lights for her to come and get the check , I had the exact change plus a dollar tip . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/l05.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/l05.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c158b9df5f34ed80dc9d3afd3cba2b917797e792 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/l05.xml @@ -0,0 +1,206 @@ +Sample L05 from Brett Halliday, The Careless Corpse. + New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1961. Pp. 136-143. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,016 words 844 (41.9%) quotes 1 symbolL05

Used by permission of Brett Alexander. 0010-1730

 Brett Halliday, The Careless Corpse. + New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1961. Pp. 136-143. +

Arbitrary Hyphens: knife-men [0350] palm-lined [0550]Note: briefly-illumed [0640]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Then he turned the telephone over to Rourke , and went into the bedroom to change his slippers for dry socks and shoes . +Rourke was talking on the phone when he came back . +`` About an hour , eh ? ? +Are you positive '' ? ? +He listened a moment and then said , `` Hold it '' . +He turned his head and said , `` Alvarez will definitely be in a back room at the Jai Alai Club on South Beach within an hour . +Want to try and meet him there '' ? ? +

+

Shayne looked at his watch . +That wasn't too far from Fifth Street , and should allow him to make Scotty's Bar by midnight . +He said with satisfaction , `` That's fine , Tim . +I'll be there '' . +

+

Rourke confirmed the appointment over the phone and hung up . +`` I don't know what you're getting into , Mike '' , he said unhappily . +`` I hope to Christ . +

+

Shayne said briskly , `` Grab another drink if you want it . +We've got one other call to make before I meet Alvarez '' . +

+

`` Where '' ? ? +

+

`` It's out in the Northeast section . +Have you got my car here '' ? ? +

+

`` It's parked in front '' . +Rourke hastily slopped whiskey into his glass on top of half-melted ice-cubes . +

+

`` I'd better keep on driving yours '' , Shayne decided , `` because I'll be going on over to the Beach . +I can drop you back here to pick mine up '' . +He went to a closet to get a light jacket , and took his hat from beside the door . +Timothy Rourke gulped down the whiskey hastily and joined him , asking , `` Who are we going to call on in the Northeast section '' ? ? +

+

`` A lady . +That is , maybe not too much of a lady . +At least , I want to find out whether she's home yet or not '' . +He opened the door and followed Rourke out . +

+

In Rourke's car , Shayne drove east to Biscayne Boulevard and north toward Felice Perrin's address which had been given to him by the Peralta governess . +As he drove , he filled in Timothy Rourke briefly on the events of the evening after leaving the reporter to go to the Peralta house , and on his own surmises . +

+

`` I want to be in Scotty's Bar at midnight when Marsha makes her phone call there '' , he ended grimly . +`` I don't know whether that threatening letter of hers has anything to do with this situation or not , but I want to see who takes the call '' . +

+

`` This deal at Las Putas Buenas where the two knife-men jumped you '' , said Rourke with interest , `` that sounds like it was set up with malice aforethought by the luscious Mrs. Peralta , doesn't it '' ? ? +

+

`` It does '' , Shayne grunted sourly , still able to taste her mouth on his in the Green Jungle parking lot . +`` That story of hers about an unsigned note directing her to be there tonight sounds completely phony . +If it was designed to put me on the spot , it would have to have been written before Peralta ever called me in on the case '' . +

+

`` Do you think Laura did have the counterfeit bracelet made without her husband's knowledge '' ? ? +

+

`` I haven't the faintest idea . +I think her husband strongly suspects so , and that's why he called me in on the thing in direct defiance of his confederates and almost certainly without telling them why he was doing so . +Isn't this Felice's street '' ? ? +Shayne asked , peering ahead at the partially obscured street sign . +

+

Rourke could see it better out the right-hand side , and he said , `` yes . +Turn to the left , I think , for that number you gave me . +Not more than a block or so '' . +

+

Shayne got in the left-hand lane and cut across the Boulevard divider . +There was a small , neon-lighted restaurant and cocktail lounge on the southeast corner of the intersection as he turned into the quiet , palm-lined street where most of the houses on both sides were older two-story mansions , now cut up into furnished rooms and housekeeping apartments . +

+

Shayne drove westward from the Boulevard slowly , letting Rourke crane his head out the window and watch for street numbers . +A single automobile was parked half-way up the block on the left-hand side . +Shayne noted idly that it carried Miami Beach license plates as he approached , and then saw the flare of a match in the front seat as they passed , indicating that it was occupied . +

+

He turned to see the briefly-illumed faces of two men in the parked car just as Rourke said , `` It's the next house , Mike . +On the right '' . +

+

Instead of pulling into the curb , Shayne increased his speed slightly to the corner where he swung left . +He went around the corner and parked , turning off his lights and motor . +

+

`` I told you , Mike '' , said Rourke in an aggrieved voice . +`` It was back there . +

+

Shayne said , `` I know it was , Tim '' . +His voice was chilling and cold . +`` Did you see the car parked across the street '' ? ? +

+

`` I didn't notice it . +I was watching for numbers . +

+

`` It has a Beach license , Tim . +Two men in the front seat . +I got a quick look at their faces as we went past . +Unless I'm crazy as hell , they're two of Painter's dicks . +A couple named Harris and Geely . +Those names mean anything to you '' ? ? +

+

`` Wait a minute , Mike . +In Painter's office this evening . +

+

Shayne nodded grimly . +`` The pair whom Petey is officially commending for slapping me around and pulling me in '' . +

+

`` What are they doing here '' ? ? +

+

`` A stake-out , I suppose . +On Felice Perrin . +Maybe with specific orders to see that I don't make contact with her . +I'm not positive , Tim . +I may be wrong . +I'll slide out and walk around the block back to the cocktail lounge on Biscayne . +You drive on and circle back and pull up beside them parked there . +You're a reporter , and you're looking for Miss Perrin to interview her . +Make them show their hands . +If they are Beach cops on a stake-out , they'll admit it to a reporter . +They've got no official standing on this side of the Bay . +As soon as you find out if they are Geely and Harris , come on around to the lounge where I'll be waiting '' . +

+

Shayne opened the door on his side and stepped out . +Timothy Rourke groaned dismally as he slid under the wheel . +`` The things you talk me into , Mike . +

+

Shayne chuckled . +`` How often do they add up to headlines ? ? +You should complain '' . +

+

He crossed the street and walked swiftly southward to circle back to the Boulevard and north a block to the open restaurant . +

+

He was standing at the end of the bar enjoying a slug of cognac when Rourke came in six or eight minutes later . +The reporter nodded as he moved up beside him at the bar . +Shayne told the bartender , `` Bourbon and water '' , and Rourke told him , `` It's those two , all right . +Harris and Geely . +I made them show me their identification before I could be persuaded not to call on Felice Perrin '' . +

+

Shayne said happily , `` I've got it all worked out , Tim . +Take your time with your drink . +I'll beat it . +In exactly three minutes , go in that phone booth behind you and call Police Headquarters . +Be excited and don't identify yourself . +Just say that a couple of drunks are having a hell of a fight down the street , and they better send a patrol car . +Then hang up fast and come walking on down to the Perrin address . +I'll be waiting for you there '' . +

+

The bartender brought Rourke's drink and Shayne laid a twenty-dollar bill on the bar . +He said in a low voice , `` I've got a date with a lady , Mister . +Will that pay for a pint I can take with me . +You know how it is '' , he added with a conspiratorial wink . +`` Candy is dandy , but liquor is quicker and you don't have any candy for sale here anyhow '' . +

+

`` We sure don't '' . +The bartender winked back at him and palmed the bill . +He turned away and returned in a moment with a pint of brandy in a small paper sack which he slid over the counter to Shayne . +

+

As the detective slid it into his pocket , Rourke asked sadly , `` What in hell are you going to do , Mike '' ? ? +

+

`` Make a couple of punk detectives named Geely and Harris wish to God they'd stayed out of my way this afternoon . +Three minutes , Tim '' . +

+

Shayne strode out blithely , and Rourke checked his watch and sipped his drink , getting a dime ready to make the telephone call to the police . +

+

Outside , Shayne hesitated when he saw that Rourke had parked his coupe directly in front of the bar headed south . +He walked over to the right-hand door , opened it and got the reloaded automatic out of the glove compartment and put it in his hip pocket . +He hoped he wouldn't be forced to use it in taking care of the Beach detectives , but its weight was comforting at his hip . +On this side of the Bay , Miami Beach cops had no more legal rights than any ordinary citizen , and Shayne's pistol permit was just as good as theirs . +

+

He went swiftly up the sidewalk toward the parked car with the two Beach detectives in the front seat . +He tugged the brim of his hat low as he approached , stepped out into the street just behind the car and strode around to the right-hand side . +

+

The big , paunchy man named Geely was on that side , half-turned in the seat toward his hatchet-faced companion so that his back partially rested against the closed door . +

+

Shayne turned the handle and jerked the door open before either of the men were quite aware of his presence in the night . +

+

Geely grunted and slid partly out , and Shayne's left arm snaked in around his neck to help him , while he set himself solidly on the roadway and swung his right fist to the big , gum-chewing jaw before Geely could straighten up . +

+

Shayne stepped back to let him slump to the ground , and then dived over him through the open door into Harris who was cursing loudly and trying to drag a gun from a shoulder holster , somewhat impeded by the steering wheel . +

+

Shayne locked his big hands around Harris' thin neck and dragged him out over the seat into the roadway . +He hit him once on the sharp point of his chin and felt the body go limp . +He dropped him into the street a couple of feet away from Geely's recumbent figure and stared down at both of them for a moment before kicking the big man lightly in the side . +He didn't stir . +They were both breathing heavily , out cold , and Shayne didn't think either of them had recognized him or could describe him . +

+

He got the pint of liquor out of his pocket and unscrewed the top , sprinkled the pungent stuff liberally over both men , and then tossed the open bottle in on the front seat . +

+

He turned , then , to look toward the lighted Boulevard , and saw Rourke's tall , emaciated figure come out of the lounge and hurriedly start to angle across the street toward the opposite side . +

+

Shayne strolled across to intercept the reporter in front of the two-story house where Felice Perrin lived , and asked casually , `` Get the police okay '' ? ? +

+

`` Sure . +Said they'd have a patrol car here fast . +Let's get inside . +What happened with you '' ? ? +

+

`` Why the two damned fools got all excited when they saw the bottle , and knocked each other out cold '' , Shayne said good-humoredly . +`` They'll have fun explaining that to the Miami cops . +Got no business over here on a stake-out anyway '' . +

+

They went up onto a front porch and into a small hallway where a dim bulb burned high in the ceiling . +A row of mailboxes along the wall had numbers and names on them . +Shayne found one marked Perrin Aj . +

+

The stairway on the right was dark , but there was a wall-switch at the bottom which lighted another dim bulb at the top , and they went up . +

+

There were two front rooms , both dark behind their transoms , and there was no sound or light in the entire house to indicate that any of the occupants were awake . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/l07.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/l07.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..38781858de5eb7058bb2204d1b073f70996e92a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/l07.xml @@ -0,0 +1,206 @@ +Sample L07 from Genevieve Holden, Deadlier Than the Male. + Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1961. + Pp. 96-104. A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,019 words 688 (34.1%) quotesL07

Copyright1961 by Doubleday & Company, Inc.

 Genevieve Holden, Deadlier Than the Male. + Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1961. + Pp. 96-104.

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

He put in a call to Cunningham from his hotel room . +The maid answered and he decided Nancy must be at work . +

+

Jeb cautioned him not to be too hopeful and then , ignoring his own advice , said excitedly , `` But it does sound good . +A woman named Lisa who tells nobody anything about herself . +That courtyard picture with the same initials '' . +

+

`` I'm not exactly jumping up and down with enthusiasm . +I'll call you in a day or so '' . +

+

On the highway he relaxed and enjoyed the drive over Lake Pontchartrain and along the coast . +

+

Gulf Springs was ten miles inland -- more of a quaint old coast town than those along the beach made garish by tourist attractions . +

+

He checked into a motel and drove downtown . +The courthouse was a white-stucco building minus the customary dome . +Instead of the usual straggling privet hedges and patches of bare dirt in most small-town squares , the building was hemmed in by a semitropical growth of camellias and azaleas and a smooth lawn the improbably bright-green shade of florist's grass . +

+

He figured his best bet was a call on the sheriff . +A clerk in the outer office took him in to Sheriff Carruthers , a big , paunchy man with thick , white hair and a voice with a senatorial resonance which suggested he should be running for higher office . +

+

Seated in front of the desk , Hank said , `` I'm looking for some information with very little to go on , Sheriff '' . +

+

He explained the background of the case , ending with the tenuous clue which had brought him to Gulf Springs . +

+

The sheriff's swivel chair tilted back . +`` So you're looking for a woman who married a man who might have lived here a year ago and might have been poisoned . +If there was such a person , I'm afraid she got away with it . +Pity we don't know more about him . +I think the best bet is to go through the society columns of last year and see if any of the grooms match with the obituaries a little later . +It'll be a tedious job , but if you want to try it , the old newspaper files are in the basement here in the county supervisor's office '' . +

+

`` Maybe the society editor would remember a good-looking out-of-town bride '' . +

+

`` That's an idea . +Mrs. Calhoun has been society editor here for twenty-five years . +The editor says that marriages may be made in heaven , but weddings are made in Mrs. Calhoun's columns . +She's the one who decides which wedding is to get the lead space in the Sunday paper and all that '' . +He smiled . +`` Once , when the editor was just out of the hospital from a gallstone operation , Mrs. Calhoun and the mother of the bride went out to his house and fought it out beside his bed . +She'd be sure to remember any bride who was vague about background . +She'd have made a great scientist dedicated to tracking down heredity and environment . +She'd also remember if the groom died later '' . +He stood up . +`` I wish you good luck , but please don't dig up too tough a case for me this close to election . +If you find out anything , come on back here and we'll get started on it '' . +

+

Tracking down Mrs. Calhoun was like trying to catch up with Paul Revere between Lexington and Concord . +It turned out that she also sold real estate , cosmetics , and hospital insurance . +The wearying trek stretched into the afternoon -- from newspaper plant to insurance office to her house and back to the newspaper , where he found her at five o'clock . +

+

She was a large woman with a frizzled gray poodle cut and a pencil clamped like a bit between her teeth while she hunted and pecked on an old typewriter . +It took a couple of minutes to run through her various businesses and get down to the one he wanted . +

+

`` Last year ? ? +Well , I do remember one . +From Baton Rouge . +Married a man named Vincent Black . +I remember her because she didn't want her picture in the paper . +First bride like that I've seen in twenty-five years '' . +

+

`` What reason did she give '' ? ? +

+

`` Said she had a breaking-out on her face -- some sort of allergy -- and none of her old pictures was good enough . +I didn't see her till several days later at the wedding , and her face looked like it had never had a blemish on it . +But , of course , you couldn't see too well through the veil '' . +

+

`` Was her name Lisa Carmody '' ? ? +

+

`` Now how in hell would I remember that '' ? ? +

+

`` Never mind . +I can look it up . +Do they still live here '' ? ? +

+

`` I think they moved away shortly after they were married . +He was a salesman for something or other and must have been transferred . +I'm sure it'll be in the files . +We usually run a social note when somebody moves away '' . +

+

He stood up and thanked her . +

+

`` Have they inherited some money or something '' ? ? +She asked with a reportorial gleam in her eye . +

+

He said vaguely , `` Well , it is a little legal matter , but nothing like that '' . +

+

He hurried across to the courthouse and caught the sheriff just as he was leaving . +

+

`` Sounds like what you're after '' , he said when Hank had finished . +`` Come on , let's hurry down before they lock up for the day '' . +

+

In the basement the sheriff took him to a small , dingy office occupied by a tall , thin man informal in rolled-up shirt sleeves . +

+

`` Mr. Ferrell Hirey Lindsay , chairman of the board of supervisors . +Mr. Ferrell is a private detective , Hirey . +Wants to look up something in the newspaper files , so don't lock him in here '' . +

+

`` Sure '' , said Hirey . +`` I'll just leave the door open . +It latches when you close it , so stay as long as you like '' . +

+

Carruthers crossed the room to a metal door with an open grillework in the top half . +He pulled it open . +`` Now don't shut this door . +It won't open from inside . +Before we built the new jail , we used to keep prisoners in here overnight sometimes when the old jail got too crowded . +Hirey treats himself a lot better than we do prisoners . +They were a sight more comfortable than the ones in the jail with the cold air from Hirey's air conditioner coming through the grille '' . +

+

He walked past the sheriff into a windowless room with shelves full of big , leather-bound volumes from floor to ceiling all around the walls . +A metal table and four chairs stood in the center . +

+

`` They're all here , back to 1865 '' , Carruthers told him . +`` It's all right to smoke , but make sure your cigarettes are out before you leave . +And , of course , you know not to take clippings '' . +

+

`` I'll leave the air conditioner on for you , Mr. Ferrell '' , said Hirey . +`` Don't forget to turn it off and close the door good so it'll latch '' . +

+

Hank thanked them and promised to observe the rules . +When they had gone , he stood for a minute breathing in the mustiness of old paper and leather which the busily thrumming air conditioner couldn't quite dispel . +

+

Chapter fourteen +In a tour around the stacks , he found that the earliest volumes began on the left and progressed clockwise around the room . +An old weakness for burrowing in records rose up to tempt him . +

+

It was , indeed , all here -- almost a century . +From reconstruction to moon rockets . +But he pulled away from the irrelevant old volumes and walked around to the newer ones . +

+

Last year's volume was at the top a couple of inches below the ceiling . +Near it was a metal ladder on casters attached to the top shelf . +He pulled it over , climbed up , and lifted out the big volume , almost losing his balance from the weight of it . +He staggered over and dropped it on the table . +

+

Since Mrs. Calhoun remembered only that the marriage had been in the spring , he started to plod through several months . +He tried to turn right to the society page in each one , but interesting stories kept cropping up to distract him . +At last he found it in the paper of April 2 . +

+

It told him little more than Mrs. Calhoun had remembered , stating that it had been a small , modest wedding compared to some of the others . +

+

There was a marked contrast in the amount of information on bride and groom . +Mr. Black's life was an open book , so to speak , from his birth in Jackson , Mississippi , through his basketball-playing days at L.S.U. and his attainment of a B.A. degree , which had presumably prepared him for his career as district sales manager for Peerless Business Machines . +

+

The one line on the bride said she was Miss Lisa Carmody from Baton Rouge . +No mention of New Orleans . +

+

Hank was beginning to feel sharp concern for Mr. Black . +If Mrs. Black was who he thought she was , Mr. Black's Peerless selling days might well be over . +

+

Now for their exodus from Gulf Springs . +This time the search took twice as long , cutting down on his extra reading , for he had to pick through several columns of one- and two-line social notes in each issue . +He found it in the edition of May 15 . +The item said Mr. and Mrs. Black had moved to Jackson , his home town -- so the lovely Lisa had been with him a year ago . +

+

Next on his program was a call to the Jackson office of Peerless Business Machines to find out if Vincent Black was still with them -- or , more specifically , still with us . +

+

He glanced at his watch , saw it was only seven , and decided to indulge his weakness now . +For the next hour he scrambled happily up and down the ladder , sharing the excitement of reporters who had seen McKinley's assassination , the Iroquois Theater fire in Chicago , and the Hall-Mills trial . +

+

In the middle of the stock market crash , he heard a slight noise in the outer office . +He turned around , saw nothing , and decided it must be a mouse . +Something else distracted him , yet there was no sound , only tomblike silence . +Then he knew it was not sound , but lack of it . +The air conditioner was no longer running . +

+

He jumped up and turned around to see the metal door closing . +It clanged shut as he sprang toward it . +

+

He pressed his face against the grille . +`` Who's there '' ? ? +

+

The light shining through the grille dimly illumined the office beyond -- enough for him to see there was no one there . +Then he heard the outer door closing . +

+

`` Hey , come back '' , he shouted . +He thought it must be some damn janitor or cleaning woman puttering around , figuring that Hirey had gone off and forgotten to turn off everything and lock up . +

+

Then the faint beginnings of fear stirred in his mind . +Unless he was stone-blind , the person who'd just left couldn't have missed seeing Hank through the open door of the brightly lighted room . +And even if he'd somehow missed seeing him , he wouldn't have gone off and left the light on and door open in the file room . +

+

Whoever it was had meant to shut him up in here , had followed him and waited till the courthouse and square were deserted . +But why ? ? +To search his room at the motel ? ? +To come back later and kill him after the stores had closed around the square and everybody had left ? ? +No , they could kill him just as easy right now . +Nobody could hear what was going on in this underground vault . +

+

Then he heard it and smelled it -- the steady hissing , the dread , familiar pungency of gas escaping . +It must be coming from an upright heater against the far wall in the supervisors' office . +

+

Until now , Lilac Gaylor and Lila Kingsley had been like an anagram which he could unscramble at his own pace and choosing . +

+

Except for those minutes in her room , he had lost touch with her as a reality . +Gaylor's obsession and Cunningham's chimera-chasing reminiscences had mesmerized him into thinking of Lila and Lilac , separately or together , as a legend . +They kept drifting apart and merging again in his mind like some minute form of life on a microscope slide . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/l09.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/l09.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3d2497011a2fd1aea0d1200bf12280fdd2ac6f90 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/l09.xml @@ -0,0 +1,220 @@ +Sample L09 from Mignon G. Eberhart, The Cup, the Blade or the Sword. + New York: Random House, 1961. Pp. 126-132. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,027 words 313 (15.4%) quotesL09

Used by permission of Random House and M. G. Eberhart. 0010-1720

 Mignon G. Eberhart, The Cup, the Blade or the Sword. + New York: Random House, 1961. Pp. 126-132. +

Arbitrary No Hyphen: homemade [0860]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Maude's long nose unexpectedly wrinkled up . +`` Happened to be in the hall ! ! +Happened to hear you quarrel about her ! ! +Oh , well , you can't really blame Lolotte . +She lost her beau to you '' . +

+

But she was talking of Emile when she saw the black line of the open door ; ; +Sarah remembered it clearly . +Maude went on . +`` I've got to get busy . +Miss Celie's taken to her bed , with the door locked . +She opened it an inch and poked out the keys for me to give you . +Here '' -- She thrust a bundle of keys strung on a thick red cord into Sarah's hand . +`` Not that there's much use in locking up the smokehouse and the storehouse now . +Drink your coffee '' -- +

+

coffee . +`` It's -- cold '' . +Maude suddenly looked quite capable of pouring it down her throat . +`` I don't want it '' , Sarah said , firmly . +

+

`` Oh . +Well -- I'll take it down with me as I go '' . +

+

Maude swooped up the cup and hiked up her top hoop as if about to take off with a racing start . +At the door she turned back , her Roman nose looking very long now and satiric . +`` I forgot . +Ben and Lucien have gone after them . +It's just like that book your Northern friend wrote -- except there aren't any ice floes to cross and no bloodhounds '' . +

+

`` I don't know Mrs. Stowe . +What can they do if they find them '' ? ? +

+

`` They can't do anything . +It's silly , childish , running after them like that . +I told Ben so . +But of course the paterollers won't be of any help , not with everything so upset and that Yankee cavalry outfit they say is running around , God knows where '' . +

+

She had swished away , she had been gone for a long time probably when Sarah suddenly realized that she ought to stop her , pour out the coffee , so no one would drink it . +But then the so-called coffee was bad enough at best , cold it was all but undrinkable -- especially that cup ! ! +

+

She was deeply , horribly sure that Lucien had filled it with opium . +She had quarreled with Lucien , she had resisted his demands for money -- and if she died , by the provisions of her marriage contract , Lucien would inherit legally not only the immediate sum of gold under the floorboards in the office , but later , when the war was over , her father's entire estate . +

+

She felt cold and hot , sticky and chilly at the same time . +Now wait a minute , she told herself , think about it ; ; +Lucien is not the only person in this house who could have put opium in that coffee . +

+

She had lost a bottle of opium -- but that was on the trip from New Orleans . +Or someone had taken it during her first day at Honotassa . +Yes , she had missed it after her talk with Emile , after dinner , just before Emile was shot . +Rilly or Glendora had entered her room while she slept , bringing back her washed clothes . +So somebody else could have come in , too -- then or later while she was out of the room . +It would have been easy to identify as opium by its odor . +

+

It was not very reasonable to believe that Lucien had procured unprocurable opium and come back to Honotassa with a formed plan to murder her . +He didn't even know that she was there . +And he certainly couldn't have guessed that she would resist his demand for the gold or that she was not the yielding -- yes , and credible fool he had every right to expect . +No , he had been surprised , unpleasantly surprised , but surprised . +

+

Then somebody else ? ? +Don't question , Rev had said , don't invite danger . +Her skin crawled : Lolotte had told Maude that she was in the hall and the door was open . +Sarah had begun to tell Lucien of Emile , she had begun to question and a little draft had crept across the room from the bedroom door , open barely enough to show a rim of blackness in the hall . +So Lolotte -- or anybody -- could have listened , and that somebody could have already been supplied with the missing bottle of opium . +

+

That was not reasonable either . +The opium had disappeared before Emile's death and whoever shot him could not by any stretch of the imagination have foreseen Sarah's own doubts and suspicions -- and questions . +

+

She began to doubt whether there had been in fact a lethal dose of opium in the cup . +So suppose somebody only wished to frighten her , so she would leave Honotassa ! ! +

+

That made a certain amount of logic . +Added to the argument was the fact that while she might have tasted the coffee if it had been still hot , she might even have drunk some of it , she wouldn't have taken enough to kill her , for she would have been warned by its taste . +

+

No . +It was merely an attempt to frighten her . +

+

She wouldn't go back to New York as Maude suggested ; ; +she wouldn't run like a scared cat . +But -- well , she'd be very careful . +

+

She dressed and the accustomed routine restored to her a sense of normal everyday life . +

+

But before she left her room she dug into her big moire bag , took out the envelope holding her marriage contract and the wax seal had been broken . +So somebody else knew what would happen to her father's money if she died . +

+

Rev had known all along . +Rev didn't need to break the wax seal , read the contract and find out . +He could conceivably have wished to make sure ; ; +Rev loved Honotassa , it was like a part of his breath and body ; ; +Rev had stressed the need for money . +Rev would never have tried to give her poison ! ! +

+

She thrust the envelope back in the bag ; ; +there was no point in locking it up in the armoire now , it was like locking the barn after the horse was stolen . +And in all likelihood , by now , there was more than one person in the house who knew the terms of her marriage contract . +There was no point either in telling herself again what a fool she'd been . +

+

She went downstairs and received another curious shock , for when Glendora flapped into the dining room in her homemade moccasins , Sarah asked her when she had brought coffee to her room and Glendora said she hadn't . +`` Too much work this morning , Miss Sarah -- everybody gone like that '' -- +

+

Sarah swallowed past another kind of constriction in her throat . +`` Well , then who brought it '' ? ? +

+

`` Miss Maude . +She come to the kitchen and say she take it up to you '' . +Glendora put down a dish of lukewarm rice . +`` Not much breakfast this morning . +I don't know what we're going to do , Miss Sarah '' . +

+

`` We've got to eat '' , Sarah said , curtly , because a chill crawled over her again . +Maude ? ? +

+

Glendora flapped away . +The rice wasn't dosed with opium , indeed it had no taste at all , not a grain of salt . +She ate what she could and went out along the covered passageway , with the rain dripping from the vines . +In the kitchen Glendora was despairingly picking chickens . +`` Get a basket '' , Sarah told her . +`` We'll go to the storehouse '' . +

+

Glendora dropped a chicken and a flurry of feathers , and went with her through the drizzle , to the storehouse . +Sarah found the right key and unlocked the door . +

+

It was a long , low room , like a root cellar , for it was banked up with soil , and vines had run rampant over that , too . +It was dark but dry and cool . +She doled out what Glendora vaguely guessed were the right amounts of dried peas , eggs , cornmeal , a little salt . +The shelves looked emptier than when Miss Celie had shown her the storeroom , and since the men from the Commissary had called ; ; +there were certainly now fewer mouths to feed but there was less to feed them with . +She took Glendora to the smokehouse , unlocked it and saw with satisfaction there was still a quantity of hams and sides of bacon , hanging from the smoke-stained rafters . +

+

They wouldn't go hungry , not yet . +And the fields were green and growing . +`` Can't you possibly imagine what life is going to be like , here '' ? ? +Maude had said . +

+

Maude . +

+

She sent Glendora back to the house , her basket and her apron laden . +She stood for a moment , rain dripping from the trees over her head , thinking of Maude . +

+

Maude had the opportunity to take the bottle of opium from Sarah's room . +Maude had the cool ruthlessness to do whatever she made up her mind to do . +She couldn't see how her death could affect Maude . +She couldn't see any reason why Maude would attempt to frighten her . +Besides , there was something hysterical and silly , something almost childish about an attempt to frighten her . +Maude was neither hysterical nor silly and Sarah rather doubted if she had ever been childish . +

+

Yet Maude had suggested that Sarah return to New York . +Maude could have shot Emile -- if she'd had a reason to kill him . +

+

There was no use in standing there in the drizzle , trying to find a link between Emile's murder and opium in a cup of coffee . +

+

She started back for the house , saw a light in the office , opened the door and surprised a domestic little scene which was far outside the dark realm of murder or attempted murder . +Rev , George and Lolotte were mending shoes . +

+

A lighted lamp stood on the table that dusky , drizzling day . +They were all three bent over a shabby riding boot ; ; +George had a tack hammer . +Lolotte held a patch of leather , Rev steadied something , a tiny brad , waiting for George's poised hammer . +George said , `` First thing I do when I get to Vicksburg again , is get me a Yankee '' -- +

+

`` With boots on '' , Lolotte laughed softly . +

+

Rev looked up and saw her . +Lolotte looked up and stiffened . +George didn't look up at all . +There was no way to know , no way to guess whether any one of them was surprised at Sarah's appearance , believing her to be drugged and senseless -- and just possibly dead . +

+

Rev said , `` Come in , Sarah . +Reckon you know the news '' . +

+

And what news , Sarah thought as satirically as Maude might have said it . +

+

Rev's face was suddenly a little fixed and questioning . +He turned to George and Lolotte . +`` Take your cobbler's shop somewhere else . +I want to talk to Sarah '' . +

+

Everything in the office , the spreading circle of lamplight , the patch of leather in Lolotte's hands . +George poised with the tack hammer , the homely , everyday atmosphere , all denied an attempt at murder . +A rush of panic caught Sarah . +`` No . +Not now . +I mean I've got to -- to see to the kitchen . +Glendora '' -- +

+

Her words jumbled together and she all but ran from the office and from the question in Rev's face . +

+

Now why did I do that ? ? +She thought as warm , drizzling rain touched her face . +She was no schoolgirl , refusing to bear tales . +

+

As she reached the kitchen door the answer presented itself ; ; +if she told anyone of the opium it must be Lucien , her husband . +

+

It might be , indeed it had already proved to be a marriage without love , but it was marriage . +So she couldn't choose Rev as a confidant ; ; +it must be Lucien . +

+

Always provided that Lucien himself had not dosed her coffee with opium , she thought , as coldly and sharply , again , as Maude might have said it . +

+

She paused at the kitchen door , caught her breath , told herself firmly that the opium was only an attempt to frighten her and went into the kitchen , where Glendora was eyeing the chickens dismally and Maude was cleaning lamp chimneys . +Glendora gave a gulp . +`` Miss Sarah , I can't cut up no chicken . +Miss Maude say she won't '' . +

+

Again the homely , everyday details of daily living refuted a vicious attempt to frighten her -- or to murder her . +

+

The homely everyday details of living and domestic requirements also pressed upon her with their immediate urgency . +No matter what had happened or hadn't happened , somebody had to see about dinner . +She eyed the chickens with , if she had known it , something of Glendora's dismal look and thought with a certain fury of the time she had spent on Latin verbs . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/l13.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/l13.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..09a5d45528d228d33bcea4cea7826baf018c6ca0 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/l13.xml @@ -0,0 +1,235 @@ +Sample L13 from Dolores Hitchens, Footsteps in the Night. + Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1961. Pp. 156-161. + A part of the XML version of the Brown CorpusL13

Used by permission of Dolores Hitchens. 0010-1700

 Dolores Hitchens, Footsteps in the Night. + Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1961. Pp. 156-161. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

His son watched until he got as far as the hall , almost out of sight , then hurried after . +`` Dad . +Dad , wait '' . +

+

He caught up with the old man in the living room . +Old man Arthur had put down the suitcase to open the front door . +

+

`` Just this one favor , Dad . +Just don't tell Ferguson that crazy opinion of yours '' . +

+

`` Why not '' ? ? +The old man gave the room a stare in leaving ; ; +under the scraggly brows the pale old eyes burned with a bitter memory . +`` It's the truth '' . +

+

`` The Bartlett girl was killed by Mr. Dronk's son . +Rossi and Ferguson have been across the street , talking to the kid . +They've found some sort of new evidence , a bundle of clothes or something , and it must link the kid even stronger to the crime . +Why won't you accept facts ? ? +The two kids were together a lot , they were having some kind of teen-age affair -- God knows how far that had gone -- and the kid's crippled . +He limps , and the man who hit you and took the cane , he limped . +My God , how much more do you want '' ? ? +

+

His father looked him over closely . +`` You sound like an old woman . +You should have gone to work today , 'stead of sneaking around spying on the Dronk house '' . +

+

`` Now , see here '' -- +

+

`` The trouble with you '' , old man Arthur began , and then checked himself . +Young Mrs. Arthur had opened the oven and there was a drifting odor of hot biscuits . +The old man opened the door and stepped out into the sunlight . +`` Isn't enough time to go into it '' , he finished , and slammed the door in his son's face . +

+

Mrs. Holden turned from the window draperies . +`` They found something else up there '' , she said half-aloud to the empty room . +`` They took it away , overalls or something '' . +She walked restlessly across the room , then back to the windows . +`` Now they've gone , they didn't come back , and they didn't arrest that Dronk boy '' . +She stood frowning and chewing her lip . +She was wearing a brown cotton dress , cut across the hips in a way that was supposed to make her look slimmer , a yoke set into the skirt and flaring pleats below . +She smoothed the skirt , sat down , then stood up and went back to the windows . +`` Why on earth did I send him off to work ? ? +There was excuse enough to keep him home that young Mr. Arthur's still over there '' . +

+

With sudden energy , she went to the phone and rang Holden's office and asked for him . +

+

`` I think you had better come home '' . +

+

`` Mae , we're so busy . +Mr. Crosson's been on everybody's neck , an order he expected didn't come through and he's '' -- +

+

`` I don't care . +I want you here . +I'm all alone and certain things are going on that look very ominous . +I need someone to go out and find out what's happening '' . +

+

`` But I couldn't do that , even if I were home '' ! ! +His voice grew high and trembling . +`` I can't be underfoot every time those cops turn around ! ! +They'll they'll think I did something '' . +

+

He couldn't see the grin that split her mouth ; ; +the teeth that shone into the phone were like a shark's . +`` You'll just have to risk it . +You can't wander along in the dark , can you ? ? +I'd think that you even more than I would be wondering what they're up to . +They found some clothes '' , she tossed in . +

+

`` What '' ? ? +

+

Deliberately , she ignored the yelp . +`` Also , that Mr. Ferguson was here . +I guess he wants to ask you some questions . +I stalled him off . +He doesn't expect you until five '' . +

+

`` Then I'd better wait until five '' . +

+

`` No-o-o . +Come home right away '' . +She slapped the receiver into its holder and stepped away . +Her eyes were bright with anticipation . +

+

In his office , Mr. Holden replaced the phone slowly . +He rose from his chair . +He had to cough then ; ; +he went to the window and choked there with the fresh breeze on his face . +He got his hat out of the closet . +For a moment he thought of going into Crosson's office to explain that he had to leave , but there was now such a pain in his chest , such a pounding in his head , that he decided to let it go . +He passed the receptionist in the outer office , muttering , `` I've got to go out for a little while '' . +Let her call Crosson if she wanted to , let Crosson raise the roof or even can him , he didn't care . +

+

He got into the car . +Putting the key into the switch , pressing the accelerator with his foot , putting the car into reverse , seemed vast endeavors almost beyond the ability of his shaking body . +Once out in the street , the traffic was a gadfly maze in which he wandered stricken . +When he turned into the highway that led to the outskirts of the city and then rose toward home , he had to pull over to the curb and wait for a few minutes , sucking in air and squinting and blinking his eyes to clear them of tears . +

+

What on earth was in Mae's mind , that she wanted him up there spying on what the cops were doing ? ? +What did she think he could do ? ? +

+

He tried to ignore what his own common sense told him , but it wasn't possible ; ; +her motives were too blatant . +She wanted him to get into trouble . +She wanted the police to notice him , suspect him . +She was going to keep on scheming , poking , prodding , suggesting , and dictating until the cops got up enough interest in him to go back to their old neighborhood and ask questions . +And he knew in that moment , with a cold sinking of despair , a dying of old hopes , that Mae had spread some kind of word there among the neighbors . +Nothing bald , open ; ; +but enough . +They'd have some suspicions to repeat to the police . +

+

Though his inner thoughts cringed at it , he forced himself to think back , recreating the scene in which Mae claimed to have caught him molesting the child . +

+

It hadn't amounted to anything . +There had been nothing evil or dirty in his intentions . +

+

A second scene flashed before his mind , the interior of the garage at the new house and the young Bartlett girl turning startled to meet him , the dim dark and the sudden confusion and fear and then the brightness as Mae had clicked on the light . +

+

Suppose the cops somehow got hold of that ? ? +

+

Well , it hadn't been what it seemed , he'd had no idea the girl was in there . +He hadn't touched her . +

+

And when he came to examine the scene , there was a certain staginess to it , it had the smell of planning , and a swift suspicion darted into his mind . +

+

Too monstrous , of course . +Mae wouldn't have plotted a thing like that . +It was just that little accidents played into her hands . +Like this murder . +

+

He leaned on the wheel , clutching it , staring into the sunlight , and tried to bring order into his thoughts . +He felt light-headed and sick . +There was no use wandering off into a territory of utter nightmare . +Mae was his wife . +She was married to him for better or for worse . +She wouldn't be wilfully planning his destruction . +

+

But she was . +She was . +

+

Even as the conviction of truth roared through him , shattering his last hope of safety , he was reaching to release the hand brake , to head up the road for home , doing her bidding . +He drove , and the road wobbled , familiar scenes crept past on either side . +He came to a stretch of old orange groves , the trees dead , some of them uprooted , and then there was an outlying shopping area , and tract houses . +He had the feeling that he should abandon the car and run off somewhere to hide . +But he couldn't imagine where . +There was really no place to go , finally , except home to Mae . +

+

At the gate he slowed , looking around . +Cooper was beside his car , on the curb at the right , just standing there morosely ; ; +he didn't even look up . +Behind him on the steps of the little office sat old man Arthur ; ; +he was straight , something angry in his attitude , as if he might be waiting to report something . +Holden stepped on the gas . +

+

A new idea drifted in from nowhere . +He could go to the police . +He could tell them his fears of being involved , he could explain what had happened in the old neighborhood and how Mae had misunderstood and how she had held it over him -- the scene was complete in his mind at the moment , even to his own jerkings and snivelings , and Ferguson's silent patience . +He could throw himself on the mercy of the Police Department . +

+

It wasn't what Mae would want him to do , though . +He was sure of this . +Once he had abandoned himself to the very worst , once he had quieted all the dragons of worry and suspense , there wouldn't be very much for Mae to do . +At that moment , Holden almost slammed on the brakes to go back to Cooper and ask if Ferguson was about . +

+

It would be such a relief . +

+

What was that old sign , supposed to be painted over a door somewhere , Abandon hope , all ye who enter here ? ? +

+

Why , Holden said to himself , surprised at his own sudden insight , I'll bet some of those people who enter are just as happy as can be . +They've worried , they've lain awake nights , they've shook at the slightest footstep , they've pictured their own destruction , and now it's all over and they can give up . +Sure , they're giving up hope . +Hand in hand with hope went things like terror and apprehension . +Good-bye . +Holden waved a hand at the empty street . +Glad to see you go . +

+

He drove into the paved space before the garage and got out , slamming the car door . +He looked up and down the street . +If Ferguson's car had been in sight , Holden would have walked directly to it . +

+

He went to the front door and opened it and looked in . +

+

Mae entered the room from the hallway to the kitchen . +She had a cup of something steaming , coffee perhaps , in one hand , a fresh piece of toast in the other . +She stood there , watching Holden come in , and she put the piece of toast in her mouth and bit off one corner with a huge chomp of her white teeth . +

+

`` Mae '' -- +

+

`` I've been thinking '' , she said , swallowing the toast . +`` Didn't you have an old pair of painting overalls in the garage ? ? +You used them that time you painted the porch at our other house . +And then you wiped up some grease '' . +

+

She had caught him off guard , no preparation , nothing certain but that ahead lay some kind of disaster . +`` No . +Wait a minute . +What do you '' -- +

+

`` I've been looking for them , and they're gone . +I'm sure they were in the garage up until a couple of days ago . +Or even yesterday . +You used to paint in them , and then you just took them for rags . +The police have them now '' . +

+

`` I don't remember any overalls at all '' . +

+

`` They were all faded . +Worn through at the knees '' . +She stood sipping and chewing and watching . +`` Green paint , wasn't it ? ? +Well , I'm not sure of the color . +But you had them '' . +

+

`` Mae , sit down . +Put down the cup of coffee . +Tell me what this is all about '' . +

+

She shook her head . +She took another bite of toast . +Holden noticed almost absently how she chewed , how the whole side of her cheek moved , a slab of fat that extended down into her neck . +`` My goodness , you ought to remember if I do . +You're going to have to go to the police and explain what happened . +Tell them the truth or something before they come here '' . +

+

A seeping coldness entered Holden's being ; ; +his nerves seemed frost-bitten down to the tips of his tingling fingers and his spine felt stiff and glass-like , liable to break like an icicle at any moment . +`` I've never owned any painting overalls . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/l17.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/l17.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d39a2005fd0d2d0fc79880132ec850c8c8213bf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/l17.xml @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ +Sample L17 from Breni James, Nights of the Kill. + New York: Simon and Schuster, 1961. Pp. 114-122. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,000 words 588 (29.4%) quotesL17

Used by permission of Breni James.0010-1790

 Breni James, Nights of the Kill. + New York: Simon and Schuster, 1961. Pp. 114-122. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The safe at Ingleside District Station stands next to the gum machine in a narrow passageway that leads to Captain Harris's office ( to the left ) , the lieutenant's office ( farther along and to the left ) and the janitor's supply closet ( straight ahead ) . +

+

The safe is a repository for three dead flashlight batteries , a hundred and fifty unused left-hand fingerprint cards , a stack of unsold Policemen's Ball tickets from last year , and thirty-seven cents in coins and stamps . +Gun set the captain's fifth of Hiram Walker inside the safe before he reported to Lt. Killpath , though he knew that Killpath's ulcer prevented him from making any untoward incursion on Herman Wolff's gift . +It was more a matter of tact , and also it was none of Killpath's goddam business . +

+

He walked up to the lieutenant's office , leaned wearily against the gun rack that housed four rifles and a gas gun nobody remembered having used and a submachine gun that was occasionally tried out on the Academy Range . +He stared at the clerk who sat at a scarred and ancient fumed-oak desk stuffing envelopes . +

+

`` Where's the Lieut '' ? ? +

+

The clerk wagged his head toward the captain's office . +Gun went to the connecting door , which was open , and stood at attention while Orville Torrence Killpath , in full uniform , finished combing his hair . +

+

The lieutenant's sparse brown hair was heavily pomaded , and as Killpath raked the comb through it , it stuck together in thatches so that it looked like umbrella ribs clinging to his pink skull . +The lieutenant eyed Gun's reflection in the mirror over the washbowl and then glanced back at his own face , moving the comb methodically around his head . +

+

Leave me alone , Gun thought . +Fight with Sam Schaeffer , fight with the whole damned Bureau . +But leave me alone . +Because I'm looking for the son of a bitch that killed that old man , and I'm going to get him . +If you just leave me to hell alone , Lieutenant . +

+

Killpath peered through half-closed lids at his reflection , thrust up his chin in a gesture of satisfaction and about-faced . +

+

Gun waited for Killpath to sit down behind the desk near the window . +He sat stiff-backed in a chair that did not swivel , though it was obvious to Gun that Killpath felt his position as acting captain plainly merited a swivel chair . +The desk before him was in no better repair than the rest of the furniture crowded into the room , including wooden file cabinets with some of their pulls yanked off and a wardrobe stained with the roof seepage of countless seasons . +

+

Killpath pulled one thin leg up , clamping his arms around the shinbone to press his knee into an incredibly scrawny gut . +It was the posture which the men had come to recognize as that of Killpath defying his ulcer . +He put his chin on his kneecap , stretching his neck like that of a turkey on a chopping block , and stared wordlessly at his sergeant . +

+

Gun waited . +

+

The 7:45 bell rang and he could hear the outside doors bang shut , closing in the assembled day watch . +

+

Finally , Orville intoned through his hawk nose , `` We can't have people running in any time they please , Sergeant '' . +

+

`` No , sir '' . +`` Running in , running out . +Can't have it . +Makes for confusion and congestion '' . +He rocked back in the chair , knee locked against stomach , his beady eyes fixed on Matson . +

+

He was silent again , possibly listening to the sounds in the squadroom . +Roll was being called . +Gun cleared his throat . +

+

Killpath said , `` You were expected to report to my office twenty minutes ago , Sergeant . +That's not getting all the juice out of the orange , now is it '' ? ? +

+

`` No , sir '' . +

+

Then Killpath smiled . +Gun knew that nothing but aces back to back would give the lieutenant an ulcer and a smile at the same time . +

+

The day-watch platoon commander , Lt. Rinker , was calling out the beat assignments , but Matson couldn't make the names mean anything . +

+

`` I called the station at three this morning '' , Killpath's nasal voice pronounced . +`` Do you have any idea who might have been in charge at the time '' ? ? +

+

`` Sergeant Vaughn , sir '' . +

+

`` Now , now , you're just guessing , Sergeant '' . +He smiled thinly , savoring his joke . +`` What if I said nobody was here but a couple of patrolmen '' ? ? +

+

`` Sir , Vaughn knows better than to leave the station without a relief . +He must have '' -- +

+

`` He let a patrolman take over the duties of the station keeper . +Now that's not regulation , is it '' ? ? +

+

`` No , sir '' . +

+

`` But you didn't know a thing about it , did you '' ? ? +Killpath leaned forward ; ; +his foot slipped off the chair and he put it back again , frowning now . +`` That's not taking one's command with a responsible attitude , Matson '' . +

+

Gun told himself that the old bastard was a fool . +But stupidity was no consolation when it had rank . +

+

`` I was out in the district , sir '' . +

+

`` Oh , yes . +So I have heard '' . +He stretched a pale hand out to the scattered papers on his desk . +`` I might point out that your inability to report to my office this morning when you were instructed to do so has not ah limited my knowledge of your activities as you may have hoped '' . +He took up a white sheet of paper , dark with single-spaced data . +

+

A car pulled into the driveway outside the window . +Gun knew it was Car 12 , the wagon , returned from delivering Ingleside's drunk-and-disorderlies to the City Jail . +But for some fool reason he couldn't remember which men he'd put on the transfer detail . +He stared at the report in Killpath's hand , sure it was written by Accacia -- just as sure as if he'd submitted it in his scrawled longhand . +He sucked in his breath and kept quiet while Killpath laid down the sheet again , wound the gold-wire stems of his glasses around his ears and then , eying the report as it lay before him on the desk , intoned , `` Acting Lieutenant Gunnar Matson one failed to see that the station keeper was properly relieved two absented himself throughout the entire watch without checking on the station's activities or the whereabouts of his section sergeants three permitted members of the Homicide Detail of the Inspector's Bureau to arrogate for their own convenience a patrolman who was thereby prevented from carrying on his proper assignment four failed to notify the station commander Acting Captain O. T. Killpath of a homicide occurring in the district five frequented extralegal establishments known as after-hours spots for purposes of an unofficial and purportedly social nature and six '' -- he leaned back and peeled off his glasses `` -- failed to co-operate with the Acting Captain by returning promptly when so ordered . +What have you to say to that , Sergeant '' ? ? +Killpath sailed the paper across the desk , but Matson didn't pick it up or even glance at it . +

+

`` Well '' ? ? +

+

`` I didn't think Accacia knew so many big words , Lieutenant '' . +

+

Killpath licked his lips . +`` Patrolman Accacia is an alert and conscientious law-enforcement officer . +I don't think his diligence mitigates your negligence , Matson '' . +

+

`` Negligence , hell '' ! ! +Gun held his breath a moment , pushing the volume and pitch of his voice down under the trapdoor in his throat . +`` Sir . +I would have been negligent and a goddam lousy cop to boot , if I'd sat around this station all night when somebody got away with murder in my district . +It's too bad I didn't call you , and it's too bad I let Schaeffer use Accacia when he could have had a boy who'd be glad to learn something of Homicide procedure . +But I'm not one damned bit sorry I went out to question the people I know in the places they hang around , and '' -- +

+

`` Let's not push our patience beyond the danger line , Sergeant '' , Killpath nasaled . +`` I shouldn't like to have to write you up for insubordination as well as dereliction of duty '' . +

+

Gun stiffened , his hands balling into fists at his sides . +He clamped his jaws to keep the fury from spilling out . +An argument with Orville Torrence Killpath was as frustrating and as futile as a cap pistol on a firing range . +

+

Killpath leaned forward again , rocked comfortably with his arms still wrapped around one knee . +`` Let's just remember , Sergeant , that we must all carry our own umbrella . +A district station can't run smoothly , unless '' -- He interrupted himself , looking around Gun at the doorway . +`` Morning , Lieutenant Rinker '' . +

+

`` Sorry , Orville . +I thought you hadn't come in yet '' . +

+

`` I've been here for some time '' . +He stood up , cocked his head and eyed Gun coldly . +`` The sergeant is just leaving '' . +

+

It had come as no great surprise to Matson that the hot water in the showers didn't work , that Loren Severe had thrown up all over the stairs , or that some thieving bastard of a cop had walked off with his cigarettes . +It was the best he could hope for on a watch that had ended with a session in Killpath's office . +

+

Now , as he passed the open counter that divided the assembly room from the business office , he nodded and said good night to the station keeper and his clerks , not stopping to hear the day-watch playback of his chewing out . +

+

Not that he gave a damn what the grapevine sent out about Killpath's little speech on the comportment of platoon commanders . +He just didn't want to talk about it . +If the acting captain wanted his acting lieutenant to sit on his ass around the station all night , Killpath would just have to go out and drag Gun back by the heels once an hour ; ; +because he'd be damned if he was going to be a mid-watch pencil-pusher just to please his ulcerated pro-tem captain . +

+

At the doorway he squinted up at the gray morning overcast and patted his jacket pockets for the cigarettes , remembering then that he'd left them at the Doughnuttery . +He could pick up another pack on his way home , if he were going home . +But even before he started across the oiled road to his Plymouth , parked in the lot under the cypress trees across from the station , he knew that he wasn't going home . +

+

Not yet . +

+

It was nine o'clock in the morning : the hour which , like a spade turning clods of earth , exposed to the day a myriad of busy creatures that had lain dormant in the quiet night . +Mission Street at this hour was populated by a whole community that Gun could not have seen on his tour of duty -- the neighborhood that had known Urbano Quintana by day . +

+

Then +Sol Phillips had purchased the Alliance Furniture Mart seventeen years ago . +It was professedly worth three thousand dollars in stock and good will , and the name was written in gold in foot-high letters across each of the two display windows . +

+

On the right window , at eye level , in smaller print but also in gold , was Gonzalez , Prop. , and under that , Se Habla Espanol . +Mr. Phillips took a razor to Gonzalez , Prop. , but left the promise that Spanish would be understood because he thought it meant that Spanish clientele would be welcome . +Language was no problem anyway ; ; +Mr. Phillips had only to signal from his doorway to summon aid from the ubiquitous bilingual children who played on the sidewalks of Mission Street . +

+

Aside from the fact that business was slow this time of year and his one salesgirl was not the most enterprising , Mr. Phillips had no worries at all , and he said as much to Gun Matson , who sat across from him in civilian clothes , on a Jiffy-Couch-a-Bed , mauve velour , $79.89 nothing-down special ! ! +

+

`` She's honest as the day '' , Mr. Phillips said , and added , `` Mr. Gunnar , I can say this to you : Beebe is a little too honest . +You can't tell a customer how much it's going to cost him to refinance his payments before he even signs for a loan on the money down ! ! +A time plan is a mere convenience , you understand , and when '' -- He interrupted himself , smiling . +`` I put her in lamps . +That way I don't lose so much '' . +

+

`` Why don't you just hire somebody else '' ? ? +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/l20.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/l20.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2105139339a855fdc7764cfb6d6e4d8530ab7337 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/l20.xml @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +Sample L20 from Ed Lacy, "Death by the Numbers,' Manhunt, 9: 4 (August, 1961), + 8-12. A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,009 words 1058 (52.7%) quotesL20

Used by permission of Manhunt and Ed Lacy. 0010-1690

 Ed Lacy, "Death by the Numbers,' Manhunt, 9: 4 (August, 1961), + 8-12.

Arbitrary Hyphen: ocean-going [1480]Typographical Error: apostrophe missing in Harbors [0610]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Harbor Point sticks out into the ocean like the fat neck of a steamer clam . +It's a rich village but not much for action -- too many solid residents , not enough tourists or working stiffs . +It's at the far end of the county and the last time I came here was for a hit and run manslaughter -- about seven months ago . +

+

Chief Bob Moore looked his same hick-self ; ; +a man mountain running to lard in his middle-age . +Seeing me he said with real surprise , `` Well , well , ain't we honored ! ! +Hardly expected the head of County Homicide up for this murder . +You sure climbed fast , Jed . +Rookie investigator last summer and now it's Inspector Jed . +Took me 19 years to become Chief of our three man police force . +Proves a college education pays off '' . +His sarcasm was followed by a stupid grin of his thick mouth and bad teeth . +

+

`` I guess it helps '' , I said , paying no attention to his ribbing . +

+

`` Never could figure out why you ever wanted to be a cop , Jed . +You're not only young but well , you don't even look like a police officer . +A runt with narrow shoulders and that brush haircut hell , you'd pass for a juvenile delinquent of the hotrod set . +In my day the first requirement for a cop was to look like the law , big and tough . +Man , when my 275 pounds and six-four comes along , why it's the same as another badge . +When I say move , a guy moves '' ! ! +

+

`` Don't worry about my being tough , Moore . +Also , it's far too early in the day for corny lines like the bigger they come You've had your gassy lecture , let's get to work . +Who was the murdered woman Mrs. Buck '' ? ? +

+

`` Widow , nice sort of woman . +Comfortably fixed . +Ran a fair-sized farm . +Came to the Harbor as a bride and Don't worry Jed , this one is in the bag . +I know the killer , have the only road off the peninsula covered '' . +

+

`` Yeah , passed your road block as I drove in '' , I said , sitting on his polished desk . +Although Bob dressed like a slob , he kept a neat office . +`` Okay , what happened '' ? ? +

+

`` About nine this morning Mrs. Buck phones me she's having trouble with one of her farm hands -- money trouble . +Colored fellow named Tim Williams -- only hand she has working for her now . +Tim come with the migratory workers that follow the crops up from the South last year , but Tim and his wife settled here . +Never had no trouble with him before , thought he was a hard worker , hustling around to get a full week's work . +Anyway , Julia asks me to . +

+

`` Julia '' ? ? +

+

`` Come on , Inspector , look alive . +Julia Buck , the deceased '' , Moore said , slipping me his smug , idiot-grin again . +`` Julia asks me to come out at once . +But she didn't sound real alarmed you know , like there was any immediate danger . +I got there at 9:47 A.M. , found her strangled . +I would have come sooner if I'd known . +No doubt about Tim being the killer -- I have a witness . +Don't know why the County had to send anybody up here . +Told them I can handle this '' . +

+

`` Yeah , seems you have a nice package , with all the strings tied . +Who's '' ? ? +

+

`` I'll collar Tim before night '' . +

+

`` Who's your witness '' ? ? +

+

`` Julia had -- has -- an old Indian woman cooking for her -- Nellie Harris . +Probably the last of the original Island Indians . +Nellie was in the kitchen , had just come to work , when she heard Tim arguing with Julia in the living room . +Swears she recognized his voice , that Tim yelled , ' It's my money and I want it ' ! ! +And then rushed out of the house . +Then she heard Julia phone me . +Nellie went on with her house work -- until I found Julia dead . +And before you say it , Nellie ain't near strong enough to have strangled Julia . +There's no doubt this Tim sneaked back and killed Mrs. Buck . +Another fact : Tim's disappeared -- on the run . +But there's no way off the Point except through my road block . +Guess you want to see the body -- have her up the street in Doc Abel's office '' . +`` Let's see it '' . +

+

We walked up Main Street to this big white house , then around to the back . +Being the Harbor's sole doctor , Abel was also its Medical Examiner . +The corpse was on a table , covered by a sheet . +Doc Abel was busy up front with some of his live patients . +Pulling back the sheet , I examined the bruises around Julia Buck's once slender throat . +Powerful hands had killed her . +`` Find any prints '' ? ? +

+

Chief Moore shook his big head , seemed lost in thought as he stared at the nude body . +Then he said , `` Never noticed it before I mean , when she was dressed but for a woman her age , Julia had a real fine figure '' . +

+

I dropped the sheet , glanced at my watch . +It was almost one and I hadn't had lunch . +Still , I wanted to get this over with , had a lot of paper work waiting in my own office . +I told him , `` I want to go see the Buck house '' . +

+

`` Sure '' . +

+

Walking back down Main Street , I said , `` I saw the Harbor's one squad car at the road block , we'll ride out in my car '' . +

+

`` Naw , we'll use mine '' , Moore said , opening the door of a sleek white Jaguar roadster . +As I slid in beside him he said , `` Some heap , hey ? ? +Got a heck of a buy on this , dirt cheap '' . +

+

`` Yeah , it's a real load '' , I told him , looking up the street at my battered Ford . +

+

Five racing minutes later we pulled into the driveway of this typical two-story house , and when the Jaguar stopped I managed to swallow . +There was a garage and a modern barn in the rear , all of it standing between two large flat fields planted in early potatoes . +Everything shouted gentleman farming , the kind of grandfather-father-to-son folding money the Point is known for . +The fins of a Caddy were sticking out of the garage , while the inside of the house was a comfortable mixture of old and expensive contemporary furniture . +

+

Nellie Harris wasn't old , she was ancient -- a tiny shriveled woman with a face like a tan prune . +She was also stone deaf in her right ear . +She calmly repeated what Moore had told me . +When I asked , `` Why didn't you go into the living room to see how Mrs. Buck was '' ? ? +The old gal stared at me with her hard eyes , said , `` She didn't call . +I do the living room last . +I went up stairs and did the bath and her bedroom -- way I always do in the morning '' . +

+

`` Have you any idea what this Tim and Mrs. Buck were arguing about '' ? ? +

+

`` Probably wages . +Miss Julia was a hard woman with a dollar . +Years ago when I asked her to put me in Social Security , so's I wouldn't have to be working now , Miss Julia threatened to fire me -- all because it would mean a few more dollars a year to her '' . +

+

`` Did you hear Tim return '' ? ? +

+

`` No sir . +Nobody came until Chief Moore '' . +

+

I drummed on the kitchen table with my pencil . +`` Mrs. Buck have any men friends '' ? ? +

+

`` Her '' ? ? +The wrinkled mouth laughed , revealing astonishingly strong , white , teeth . +`` I never see none . +But then I wasn't her social secretary '' . +

+

`` Was she on friendly terms with other members of her family '' ? ? +

+

`` Didn't have no family -- around here . +They had a son -- killed in the war '' . +

+

I walked into the living room . +There didn't seem to be any signs of a struggle . +I told Moore , `` Where does Tim's wife live '' ? ? +

+

`` I'll take you there . +Look Jed , this is an open and shut case and I have to relieve my men at the road block soon . +Okay , come on '' . +

+

We did 80 miles an hour across a hard dirt road to a cluster of shacks . +In late summer migratory workers lived five and six to a room in these . +Now they were empty , except for a cottage across the road . +

+

Mrs. Tim Williams was about 21 , with skin the color of bitter chocolate , and if you discounted the plain dress and worn slippers , she was startlingly pretty . +The inside of their place was full of new furniture , five bucks down and a buck a week stuff , but all of it clean and full of the warmth of a home . +

+

Mrs. Williams was both sullen and frightened . +She said she didn't know a thing -- Tim had left the house at six in the morning , as usual . +She hadn't seen him since . +

+

`` Did Mrs. Buck owe him any wages '' ? ? +I asked . +

+

`` Well , for this week , but they wasn't due 'till Saturday . +Listen , Mr. Inspector , no matter what anybody say , my Tim didn't kill that woman ! ! +Tim is a good man , hard working . +He strong as a bull but gentle as a baby . +Even if he angry , Tim wouldn't hurt a woman . +He never in his life took a hand to a woman or '' +

+

`` We'll get him soon , see what he says '' , Chief Moore cut in . +

+

`` Does your husband have a car '' ? ? +I asked . +

+

`` Got us an old station wagon . +Need it for the job '' . +

+

I asked a silly question : `` You've no idea where your husband could be , now '' ? ? +

+

She shook her head . +I knew she was lying . +I stood there , staring at her for a moment -- thinking mostly of her beauty and her poverty . +

+

Moore said , `` Come on , Jed , I have to get to my men '' . +

+

On my way out I told her , `` If you should eh just happen to see your husband , get him to give himself up . +He'll get a fair trial . +Hiding out like this won't get him anything , except more trouble , or a bullet '' . +

+

`` Yes . +I'll tell him -- if I see him '' . +

+

We made it back to the Harbor in less than four minutes . +I tried not to act scared . +That Jaguar could really barrel along . +I told Moore I was going to eat , get some forms filled out by Doc Abel . +

+

Chief Moore said , `` If I don't see you when I return , see you for certain at my road block , Inspector '' . +

+

I had a bowl of decent chowder , phoned the Doc and he said he'd leave the death statements with his girl -- in a half hour . +Lighting my pipe , I took a walk . +The Harbor is a big yachting basin in the summer . +Even now , there were several slick cruisers tied to the dock , an ocean-going yawl anchored inside the breakwater . +There was a 34 foot Wheeler with Chief Bob's in big gold letters on its stern also tied up at the dock . +It wasn't a new boat , about five years old , but fitted with fishing outriggers and chairs . +I asked an old guy running a fishing station if the boat was Moore's . +He said , `` You bet . +Bob Moore is plumb crazy about blue fishing '' . +

+

I dropped into the doctor's office , picked up my forms . +As I was walking back to the Police Station , which was in the same building with the City Hall and Post Office , I saw Mrs. Tim Williams sneaking into the back of my car . +If she moved gracefully , she was clumsy at it . +

+

I got into the front seat . +She was ' hiding ' on the floor of the back seat , the soft curves of her back and hips -- rousing lines . +I drove out of the Harbor , turned off into a dirt road among the scrub pine trees and stopped . +I waited a few minutes and she sat up . +For another moment we didn't talk , then she began to weep . +She mumbled , `` I just know that Chief Moore is out to kill my Tim '' ! ! +

+

`` Maybe . +I never saw him so anxious before '' , I said , lighting my pipe and offering her a cigarette . +`` Of course , it could be because this is his first murder case . +You know where Tim is , don't you , Mrs. Williams '' ? ? +

+

She puffed on the cigarette slowly , sitting slumped against the back seat ; ; +didn't answer . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/l24.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/l24.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8e8f3f0493f44daa6dcd962f65808a134619b4eb --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/l24.xml @@ -0,0 +1,213 @@ +Sample L24 from Fredric Brown, The Murderers. + New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1961. Pp. 116-122. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,052 words 782 (38.1%) quotesL24

Copyright1961 by Fredric Brown. Reproduced by permission of

 Fredric Brown, The Murderers. + New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1961. Pp. 116-122. +

Arbitrary Hyphen: show-down [1460]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

About halfway back Pops groped against a wall and stopped , pulled away two loosely nailed wide boards at one end , and went through . +`` C'mon '' , he whispered ; ; +`` floor level's about three feet down , so don't fall '' . +I went through and down , into pitch darkness . +He said , `` Jist stay still . +I'll pull the boards back and then get us a light . +Jist stay where you are '' . +I jist stayed where I was while he fumbled around and then walked away . +A moment later he struck a match and lighted a candle , and I could see . +

+

It was a big room , empty except for a few things of Pops's at the far end -- a wooden crate on which stood the candle , a spread out blanket , and an unrolled bindle . +I looked back over my shoulder while I went to join him ; ; +he'd hung another half of a blanket over the boarded window so no light would show through . +

+

I took the pint bottle from my pocket and handed it over as I sat down beside him on the spread blanket . +`` You first '' , I said . +

+

He drank and handed it back . +`` Nice place '' , I told him . +`` Listen , I got a buddy I travel with , real nice guy named Larry . +I know where he is , right near here . +Could he join the party and sleep here tonight too ? ? +We'll both be blowing town tomorrow so we won't be moving in on you '' . +

+

He hesitated a second , looking at the bottle , before he said `` Sure-sure '' , and I reassured him . +`` He'll bring a bottle too , and I'll get another one or maybe two while I'm out . +You can work on this one while I'm gone , kill it if you want '' . +I took a short swallow from it myself and handed it to him . +

+

His `` sure-sure '' was enthusiastic this time . +He put the bottle down . +`` Git over by the window while there's light , an' I'll put th' candle out . +When yuh come back I'll put it out agin till you're both inside '' . +

+

Charlie was waiting , leaning against a building front . +`` Perfect set-up '' , I told him . +`` But we got to go back to Fifth and get another bottle or two . +On the way I'll give you the scoop '' . +

+

On the way I gave him the scoop . +I bought another pint of sherry and when we got back Pops let us in in the dark , put back the blanket and then lighted the candle again . +I introduced my friend Larry to Pops and we made ourselves comfortable . +There was still a little , not much , left in the first bottle and we passed it around once and killed it , and Charlie opened his . +

+

I was reminded , amusedly , by a poem of Kenneth Patchen's called The Murder of Two Men by a Young Kid Wearing Lemon Colored Gloves , which Patchen himself read on a record against jazz background . +The poem consisted of only two words , the word `` Wait '' , repeated over and over at irregular intervals and with different inflections , and then the word `` Now '' ! ! +And a blaring final chord from the jazz group . +

+

This was the same , except that it was the murder of one man by two men and neither of us was wearing gloves . +But we could wait all right ; ; +there was no hurry . +I said , `` Wait wait '' to Charlie and he grinned , digging the reference . +We'd heard the record together once . +

+

The second bottle passed a few times . +Pops was taking long ones , but not showing the effect yet . +He seemed as drunk as when I'd first talked to him , but no drunker . +He had a capacity ; ; +if we'd really been trying to get him dead drunk we'd have had to go out for more wine . +

+

About halfway through the second bottle , Charlie looked at me across Pops , who was sitting between us and asked `` Now '' ? ? +I said , `` Wait '' , and handed the bottle to Pops for his final drink . +When he handed it back and I had hold of it safely , Pops was looking toward me and I said `` Now '' , to Charlie and he swung the short length of lead pipe he'd meanwhile taken from his pocket , once . +It was a lead pipe cinch . +

+

There was a sound like the one you produce by flicking a watermelon with your finger , only louder , and Pops fell forward from the waist and then over sidewise . +Out cold , if not dead ; ; +and he'd never known what hit him -- he'd never known that anything had hit him . +

+

I reached my hand toward him to put it inside his shirt to feel for a heartbeat , but Charlie said `` Wait '' ! ! +-- and said it sharply , not as in the Patchen bit , but as an order -- so I stopped my hand and looked at him . +He was holding the piece of lead pipe out to me . +

+

`` We don't want to know whether he's dead , yet . +I gauged that blow to be borderline . +To kayo him and maybe or maybe not kill . +You hit again about twice that hard before we know whether he's dead or not . +That way we'll never know which of us really killed him and which was just the accomplice . +Dig '' ? ? +

+

I dug him , I saw his point ; ; +it made sense . +I took the piece of pipe from Charlie's hand and used it , harder than he had . +The thunk was louder , anyway , and I thought I heard bone crack . +

+

Charlie said , `` Good boy . +That did it , if mine didn't . +And we'll never know which . +All right , now I'll give you a hand '' . +

+

We straightened Pops up and I made sure there was no trace of a heartbeat . +

+

I nodded to Charlie . +`` Let's put him down again the way he was . +It's a more natural position '' . +We did that . +

+

`` How do you feel '' ? ? +Charlie asked me . +

+

`` Cool '' , I told him . +`` What do you feel '' ? ? +

+

`` Nothing . +Well maybe I'm exaggerating . +It was a kick , but not a big enough one for me to want to take the chance again , except for stakes . +But let's not talk about it abstractly until we're out of here . +Now , first question : the bottles . +Shall we take them all with us , or leave one '' ? ? +

+

`` Take them '' , I said . +`` If we left one we'd have to wipe it for fingerprints . +Here's the picture we want to leave for the fuzz -- whenever the body gets found . +This happened in the middle of a drinking bout with another bum . +If they'd been working on a bottle or a jug he'd have taken it with him '' . +

+

`` Right . +And he'd have taken the weapon with him too , so we take that . +Now '' -- He looked around . +`` I've been careful about fingerprints . +How about you '' ? ? +

+

`` Same . +There are the boards over the window , of course , but they're not painted and too rough to take prints . +Same goes for the rough cement of the ledge . +Besides , I doubt if the cops will even try dusting . +They find dead winos every day , maybe they won't even autopsy him for the cause of death '' . +

+

`` We can't take a chance on that . +We've got to assume they'll decide he was murdered and we've got to keep the picture consistent . +Our hypothetical other bum who killed him would have turned out his pockets . +Let's do that '' . +We did that and found a dirty handkerchief , some matches and fourteen cents in change . +We took the matches -- they were book matches and once they'd been touched might retain fingerprints -- and the change . +

+

We discussed the candle and decided the hypothetical other bum would have left it burning to light his way to the window and because he'd have no reason to blow it out . +The candle had been stuck on a tin lid so it wouldn't set fire to the crate when it guttered out . +A fire wouldn't have mattered except that it would cause Pops to be found sooner . +He might not be found for days , even weeks , otherwise . +

+

We went once more over every point , then triple-checked . +Being picked up for questioning by a cop on the way out seemed to be the only possible remaining danger , and we weren't picked up by a cop . +In fact , nobody saw us , cop or citizen . +Winsett is a quiet street with no taverns and was completely deserted at that hour . +Which , if it matters , was one A.M. . +Less than three hours ago we'd decided , in Maxine Wells's pad on Cosmo , to commit a trial murder . +It had gone like clockwork . +Almost too smoothly , I found myself thinking , and then told myself that was ridiculous . +How safe is too safe ? ? +Thinking like that can get you into a padded pad . +

+

An hour later we were back in my unpadded pad , killing what had been left of the second pint . +We decided to leave the third one intact for tomorrow . +Also our plans for me to commit Charlie's murder and for him to commit mine . +But we were really going to do it . +We shook hands on it . +

+

We planned ahead only one step , a rendezvous for tomorrow when we could swap notes . +I'd tell him everything I'd learned about Seaton's habits and habitat , and he'd tell me the score on Radic . +We made the date for two o'clock in the afternoon at Maxine Wells's pad . +Charlie would get there early because he had the key . +From here on in , the less Charlie and I were seen together in public , or visited one another's rooms , the better . +

+

I was dead tired and slept soundly , as far as I know dreamlessly . +

+

We met at Maxine's and decided we were set to stay as long as it took , into or even through the evening , to talk things out . +Charlie had brought food and we'd decided on no drinks . +I'd brought along the virgin pint from last night , but we were going to kill that only when we were through talking . +

+

I talked first , telling him everything I knew about Seaton and his house and domestic arrangements . +I drew diagrams and floor plans ; ; +he memorized them thoroughly and then we tore them into tiny pieces and flushed them down . +He gave me equivalent and even more detailed dope on Radic , including diagrams -- one of the apartment building Radic lived in and one of the apartment itself . +He'd been there several times , back when , while he and Radic had been friends , or at least not enemies . +

+

It didn't take us as long as we'd thought it might ; ; +it was not quite six o'clock when we finished and Charlie said , `` Well , I guess that's it . +Shall we flip a coin to see which of us goes first ? ? +Or would you rather deal a hand of show-down poker or play a game of gin rummy , or what '' ? ? +

+

`` Wait a minute , Charlie '' , I said . +`` One thing we haven't discussed , expense money . +We'll need some at least , if only bus fare to the scene of the crime . +And if you're as flat broke as I am , I think we'll have to take the added risk of knocking over a filling station or something before we split for one of us to set up an alibi while the other does his dirty work '' . +

+

He sighed . +`` All right , I'll come clean . +I've got a little stashed for a rainy day , and I guess this is rainy enough . +A couple of hundred . +If you draw the short straw I'll lend you some bread , like fifty bucks , before I take off to visit my sister in Frisco . +Then , after I'm back , another fifty so you can put some mileage on yourself and have a solid alibi somewhere while I take care of your seat cover boy '' . +

+

`` Solid '' , I said . +I took a deep breath , and the plunge . +`` In that case , let's not draw . +I'll go to bat first . +You'd have to wait till Seaton's back from Mexico City and also while I set it up with Doris to have her have an alibi for D-night . +So it wouldn't be for days or even a week before you could do anything . +But your friend Manny can go any time '' . +

+

He grinned and clapped me on the shoulder . +`` I was hoping you'd say that , Willy . +But I wouldn't have suggested it . +Well -- in that case , I take off tomorrow morning for Frisco . +And , in case , I brought the money with me '' . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/m05.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/m05.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e39f2d4c1a4684090a6ca4f842bd8bec1347eb82 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/m05.xml @@ -0,0 +1,171 @@ +Sample M05 from Anne McCaffrey, "The Ship Who Sang," 7th Annual Edition The + Year's Best S-F, edited by Judith Merril, pp. 311-317. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,006 words 297 (14.8%) quotes 1 symbolM05

Copyright1961 by Anne McCaffrey. Reprinted from "The Magazine of

 Anne McCaffrey, "The Ship Who Sang," 7th Annual Edition The + Year's Best S-F, edited by Judith Merril, pp. 311-317. +

Note: programed [1020]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

She lived and was given a name . +Helva . +For her first three vegetable months she waved her crabbed claws , kicked weakly with her clubbed feet and enjoyed the usual routine of the infant . +She was not alone for there were three other such children in the big city's special nursery . +Soon they all were removed to Central Laboratory School where their delicate transformation began . +

+

One of the babies died in the initial transferral but of Helva's `` class '' , seventeen thrived in the metal shells . +Instead of kicking feet , Helva's neural responses started her wheels ; ; +instead of grabbing with hands , she manipulated mechanical extensions . +As she matured , more and more neural synapses would be adjusted to operate other mechanisms that went into the maintenance and running of a space ship . +For Helva was destined to be the `` brain '' half of a scout ship , partnered with a man or a woman , whichever she chose , as the mobile half . +She would be among the elite of her kind . +Her initial intelligence tests registered above normal and her adaptation index was unusually high . +As long as her development within her shell lived up to expectations , and there were no side-effects from the pituitary tinkering , Helva would live a rewarding , rich and unusual life , a far cry from what she would have faced as an ordinary , `` normal '' being . +

+

However , no diagram of her brain patterns , no early I.Q. tests recorded certain essential facts about Helva that Central must eventually learn . +They would have to bide their official time and see , trusting that the massive doses of shell-psychology would suffice her , too , as the necessary bulwark against her unusual confinement and the pressures of her profession . +A ship run by a human brain could not run rogue or insane with the power and resources Central had to build into their scout ships . +Brain ships were , of course , long past the experimental stages . +Most babes survived the techniques of pituitary manipulation that kept their bodies small , eliminating the necessity of transfers from smaller to larger shells . +And very , very few were lost when the final connection was made to the control panels of ship or industrial combine . +Shell people resembled mature dwarfs in size whatever their natal deformities were , but the well-oriented brain would not have changed places with the most perfect body in the Universe . +

+

So , for happy years , Helva scooted around in her shell with her classmates , playing such games as Stall , Power-Seek , studying her lessons in trajectory , propulsion techniques , computation , logistics , mental hygiene , basic alien psychology , philology , space history , law , traffic , codes : all the et ceteras that eventually became compounded into a reasoning , logical , informed citizen . +Not so obvious to her , but of more importance to her teachers , Helva ingested the precepts of her conditioning as easily as she absorbed her nutrient fluid . +She would one day be grateful to the patient drone of the sub-conscious-level instruction . +

+

Helva's civilization was not without busy , do-good associations , exploring possible inhumanities to terrestrial as well as extraterrestrial citizens . +One such group got all incensed over shelled `` children '' when Helva was just turning fourteen . +When they were forced to , Central Worlds shrugged its shoulders , arranged a tour of the Laboratory Schools and set the tour off to a big start by showing the members case histories , complete with photographs . +Very few committees ever looked past the first few photos . +Most of their original objections about `` shells '' were overridden by the relief that these hideous ( to them ) bodies were mercifully concealed . +

+

Helva's class was doing Fine Arts , a selective subject in her crowded program . +She had activated one of her microscopic tools which she would later use for minute repairs to various parts of her control panel . +Her subject was large -- a copy of the Last Supper -- and her canvas , small -- the head of a tiny screw . +She had tuned her sight to the proper degree . +As she worked she absentmindedly crooned , producing a curious sound . +Shell people used their own vocal cords and diaphragms but sound issued through microphones rather than mouths . +Helva's hum then had a curious vibrancy , a warm , dulcet quality even in its aimless chromatic wanderings . +

+

`` Why , what a lovely voice you have '' , said one of the female visitors . +

+

Helva `` looked '' up and caught a fascinating panorama of regular , dirty craters on a flaky pink surface . +Her hum became a gurgle of surprise . +She instinctively regulated her `` sight '' until the skin lost its cratered look and the pores assumed normal proportions . +

+

`` Yes , we have quite a few years of voice training , madam '' , remarked Helva calmly . +`` Vocal peculiarities often become excessively irritating during prolonged intra-stellar distances and must be eliminated . +I enjoyed my lessons '' . +

+

Although this was the first time that Helva had seen unshelled people , she took this experience calmly . +Any other reaction would have been reported instantly . +

+

`` I meant that you have a nice singing voice dear '' , the lady amended . +

+

`` Thank you . +Would you like to see my work '' ? ? +Helva asked , politely . +She instinctively sheered away from personal discussions but she filed the comment away for further meditation . +

+

`` Work '' ? ? +Asked the lady . +

+

`` I am currently reproducing the Last Supper on the head of a screw '' . +

+

`` No , I say '' , the lady twittered . +

+

Helva turned her vision back to magnification and surveyed her copy critically . +

+

`` Of course , some of my color values do not match the old Master's and the perspective is faulty but I believe it to be a fair copy '' . +

+

The lady's eyes , unmagnified , bugged out . +

+

`` Oh , I forget '' , and Helva's voice was really contrite . +If she could have blushed , she would have . +`` You people don't have adjustable vision '' . +

+

The monitor of this discourse grinned with pride and amusement as Helva's tone indicated pity for the unfortunate . +

+

`` Here , this will help '' , suggested Helva , substituting a magnifying device in one extension and holding it over the picture . +

+

In a kind of shock , the ladies and gentlemen of the committee bent to observe the incredibly copied and brilliantly executed Last Supper on the head of a screw . +

+

`` Well '' , remarked one gentleman who had been forced to accompany his wife , `` the good Lord can eat where angels fear to tread '' . +

+

`` Are you referring , sir '' , asked Helva politely , `` to the Dark Age discussions of the number of angels who could stand on the head of a pin '' ? ? +

+

`` I had that in mind '' . +

+

`` If you substitute ' atom ' for ' angel ' , the problem is not insoluble , given the metallic content of the pin in question '' . +

+

`` Which you are programed to compute '' ? ? +

+

`` Of course '' . +

+

`` Did they remember to program a sense of humor , as well , young lady '' ? ? +

+

`` We are directed to develop a sense of proportion , sir , which contributes the same effect '' . +

+

The good man chortled appreciatively and decided the trip was worth his time . +

+

If the investigation committee spent months digesting the thoughtful food served them at the Laboratory School , they left Helva with a morsel as well . +

+

`` Singing '' as applicable to herself required research . +She had , of course , been exposed to and enjoyed a music appreciation course which had included the better known classical works such as `` Tristan und Isolde '' , `` Candide '' , `` Oklahoma '' , `` Nozze de Figaro '' , the atomic age singers , Eileen Farrell , Elvis Presley and Geraldine Todd , as well as the curious rhythmic progressions of the Venusians , Capellan visual chromatics and the sonic concerti of the Altairians . +But `` singing '' for any shell person posed considerable technical difficulties to be overcome . +Shell people were schooled to examine every aspect of a problem or situation before making a prognosis . +Balanced properly between optimism and practicality , the nondefeatist attitude of the shell people led them to extricate themselves , their ships and personnel , from bizarre situations . +Therefore to Helva , the problem that she couldn't open her mouth to sing , among other restrictions , did not bother her . +She would work out a method , by-passing her limitations , whereby she could sing . +

+

She approached the problem by investigating the methods of sound reproduction through the centuries , human and instrumental . +Her own sound production equipment was essentially more instrumental than vocal . +Breath control and the proper enunciation of vowel sounds within the oral cavity appeared to require the most development and practice . +Shell people did not , strictly speaking , breathe . +For their purposes , oxygen and other gases were not drawn from the surrounding atmosphere through the medium of lungs but sustained artificially by solution in their shells . +After experimentation , Helva discovered that she could manipulate her diaphragmic unit to sustain tone . +By relaxing the throat muscles and expanding the oral cavity well into the frontal sinuses , she could direct the vowel sounds into the most felicitous position for proper reproduction through her throat microphone . +She compared the results with tape recordings of modern singers and was not unpleased although her own tapes had a peculiar quality about them , not at all unharmonious , merely unique . +Acquiring a repertoire from the Laboratory library was no problem to one trained to perfect recall . +She found herself able to sing any role and any song which struck her fancy . +It would not have occurred to her that it was curious for a female to sing bass , baritone , tenor , alto , mezzo , soprano and coloratura as she pleased . +It was , to Helva , only a matter of the correct reproduction and diaphragmic control required by the music attempted . +

+

If the authorities remarked on her curious avocation , they did so among themselves . +Shell people were encouraged to develop a hobby so long as they maintained proficiency in their technical work . +

+

On the anniversary of her sixteenth year in her shell , Helva was unconditionally graduated and installed in her ship , the Aj . +Her permanent titanium shell was recessed behind an even more indestructible barrier in the central shaft of the scout ship . +The neural , audio , visual and sensory connections were made and sealed . +Her extendibles were diverted , connected or augmented and the final , delicate-beyond-description brain taps were completed while Helva remained anesthetically unaware of the proceedings . +When she awoke , she was the ship . +Her brain and intelligence controlled every function from navigation to such loading as a scout ship of her class needed . +She could take care of herself and her ambulatory half , in any situation already recorded in the annals of Central Worlds and any situation its most fertile minds could imagine . +

+

Her first actual flight , for she and her kind had made mock flights on dummy panels since she was eight , showed her complete mastery of the techniques of her profession . +She was ready for her great adventures and the arrival of her mobile partner . +

+

There were nine qualified scouts sitting around collecting base pay the day Helva was commissioned . +There were several missions which demanded instant attention but Helva had been of interest to several department heads in Central for some time and each man was determined to have her assigned to his section . +Consequently no one had remembered to introduce Helva to the prospective partners . +The ship always chose its own partner . +Had there been another `` brain '' ship at the Base at the moment , Helva would have been guided to make the first move . +As it was , while Central wrangled among itself , Robert Tanner sneaked out of the pilots' barracks , out to the field and over to Helva's slim metal hull . +

+

`` Hello , anyone at home '' ? ? +Tanner wisecracked . +

+

`` Of course '' , replied Helva logically , activating her outside scanners . +`` Are you my partner '' ? ? +She asked hopefully , as she recognized the Scout Service uniform . +

+

`` All you have to do is ask '' , he retorted hopefully . +

+

`` No one has come . +I thought perhaps there were no partners available and I've had no directives from Central '' . +

+

Even to herself Helva sounded a little self-pitying but the truth was she was lonely , sitting on the darkened field . +Always she had had the company of other shells and more recently , technicians by the score . +The sudden solitude had lost its momentary charm and become oppressive . +

+

`` No directives from Central is scarcely a cause for regret , but there happen to be eight other guys biting their fingernails to the quick just waiting for an invitation to board you , you beautiful thing '' . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/n01.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/n01.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5a33625066d55dbae2b3b2dfac14de0bdf35f0a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/n01.xml @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +Sample N01 from Wayne D. Overholser, The Killer Marshal. + New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1963. [A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,004 words 561 (28.0%) quotes 2 symbolsN01

Copyright1961]. Pp. 53-58.

 Wayne D. Overholser, The Killer Marshal. + New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1963. [

Note: blond hair [0560] blonde hair [0690]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Dan Morgan told himself he would forget Ann Turner . +He was well rid of her . +He certainly didn't want a wife who was fickle as Ann . +If he had married her , he'd have been asking for trouble . +

+

But all of this was rationalization . +Sometimes he woke up in the middle of the night thinking of Ann , and then could not get back to sleep . +His plans and dreams had revolved around her so much and for so long that now he felt as if he had nothing . +The easiest thing would be to sell out to Al Budd and leave the country , but there was a stubborn streak in him that wouldn't allow it . +

+

The best antidote for the bitterness and disappointment that poisoned him was hard work . +He found that if he was tired enough at night , he went to sleep simply because he was too exhausted to stay awake . +Each day he found himself thinking less often of Ann ; ; +each day the hurt was a little duller , a little less poignant . +

+

He had plenty of work to do . +Because the summer was unusually dry and hot , the spring produced a smaller stream than in ordinary years . +The grass in the meadows came fast , now that the warm weather was here . +He could not afford to lose a drop of the precious water , so he spent most of his waking hours along the ditches in his meadows . +

+

He had no idea how much time Budd would give him . +In any case , he had no intention of being caught asleep , so he carried his revolver in its holster on his hip and he took his Winchester with him and leaned it against the fence . +He stopped every few minutes and leaned on his shovel as he studied the horizon , but nothing happened , each day dragging out with monotonous calm . +

+

When , in late afternoon on the last day in June , he saw two people top the ridge to the south and walk toward the house , he quit work immediately and strode to his rifle . +It could be some kind of trick Budd had thought up . +No one walked in this country , least of all Ed Dow or Dutch Renfro or any of the rest of the Bar B crew . +Morgan watched the two figures for a time , puzzled . +When they were closer and he saw that one was a woman , he was more puzzled than ever . +

+

He cleaned his shovel , left it against the fence , picked up his Winchester , and started downstream . +His visitors had crawled through the south fence and were crossing the meadow , angling toward the house . +Now he saw that both the man and woman were moving slowly and irregularly , staggering , as if they found it a struggle to remain on their feet . +

+

Reaching the house ahead of them , he waited with his Winchester in his hands . +They crawled through the north fence and came on toward him , and now he saw that both were young , not more than nineteen or twenty . +They were dirty , their clothes were torn , and the girl was so exhausted that she fell when she was still twenty feet from the front door . +She lay there , making no effort to get back on her feet . +The boy came on to the porch and sat down , his gaze on Morgan as if half expecting him to shoot and not really caring . +

+

Morgan hesitated , thinking that if this was a trick , it was a good one . +He didn't think it was possible for this couple to be pretending . +The boy licked his dry lips . +He asked , `` Could we have a drink '' ? ? +

+

Morgan jerked his head toward the front door . +`` In the kitchen '' , he said . +Leaning his Winchester against the front of the house , he walked to the girl . +`` Get up . +There's water in the house '' . +

+

She didn't move or say anything . +Her eyes were glazed as if she didn't hear or even see him . +She had reached a point at which she didn't even care how she looked . +Her face was very thin , and burned by the sun until much of the skin was dead and peeling , the new skin under it red and angry . +

+

Her blond hair was frowzy , her dress torn in several places , and her shoes were so completely worn out that they were practically no protection . +It must have hurt her even to walk , for the sole was completely off her left foot and Morgan saw that it was bruised and bleeding . +

+

He picked her up , sliding one hand under her shoulders , the other under her knees , and carried her into the house . +She was amazingly light , and so relaxed in his arms that he wasn't even sure she was conscious . +Any lingering suspicion that this was a trick Al Budd had thought up was dispelled . +No girl would go this far to fool a man so she could kill him . +Besides , she had a sweet face that attracted him . +

+

He put her down on the couch , and going into the kitchen , saw that the boy had dropped into a chair beside the table . +They looked a good deal alike , Morgan thought . +Both had blonde hair and blue eyes , and there was even a faint similarity of features . +

+

Morgan filled the dipper from the water bucket on the shelf , went back into the front room , lifted the girl's head , and held the edge of the dipper to her mouth . +She drank greedily , and murmured , `` Thank you '' , as he lowered her head . +

+

He stood looking down at her for a moment , wondering what could have reduced her to this condition . +He had seen a few nester wagons go through the country , the families almost starving to death , but he had never seen any of them on foot and as bad off as these two . +

+

The girl dropped off to sleep . +Morgan returned to the kitchen , built a fire , and carried in several buckets of water from the spring which he poured into the copper boiler that he had placed on the stove . +He brought his Winchester in from the front of the house , then faced the boy . +

+

`` Who are you and what happened to you '' ? ? +He asked . +

+

`` I'm Billy Jones '' , the boy answered . +`` That's my wife Sharon . +We ran out of money and we haven't eaten for two days '' . +

+

`` What are you doing here '' ? ? +

+

`` Are we in Wyoming '' ? ? +

+

Morgan nodded . +`` About five miles north of the line '' . +

+

Jones sighed as if relieved . +`` We've been looking for work , but all the ranchers have turned us down '' . +

+

`` You mean you dragged your wife all over hell's half-acre looking for work '' ? ? +Morgan demanded . +`` The town of Buckhorn's only about six miles from here . +Why didn't you go there '' ? ? +

+

`` We didn't want town work '' , Jones said . +

+

`` This is a mighty empty country '' , Morgan said . +`` There's only one more ranch three miles north of here . +You'd have starved to death if you'd missed both places '' . +

+

`` Then we're lucky we got here . +Could you give us a job , Mr. '' +

+

`` Morgan . +Dan Morgan '' . +

+

He was silent a moment , thinking he could use a man this time of year , and if the girl could cook , it would give him more time in the meadows , but he knew nothing about the couple . +They might kill him in his sleep , thinking there was money in the house . +He dismissed the possibility at once . +The girl's thin face haunted him . +It wasn't the face of a killer . +He wasn't so sure about the boy . +He hadn't shaved for several weeks , his sparse beard giving his face a pathetic , woebegone expression . +

+

There was more to this than Jones had told him . +They were running from something . +He'd be an idiot to let them stay he thought , but he couldn't send them on , either . +

+

`` I could use some help '' , Morgan said finally , `` but I can't afford to pay you anything . +I guess you'd better go on in the morning '' . +

+

`` We'll work for our keep '' , the boy said eagerly . +`` I've been mucking in a mine in the San Juan , but I used to work on a ranch . +Sharon , she's cooked in a restaurant . +We'll work hard , Mr. Morgan '' . +

+

`` I'll see '' , Morgan said . +`` Right now you need a meal and a bath . +Your wife's in terrible shape '' . +

+

`` I know '' , Jones said dejectedly . +

+

Morgan filled the fire box with wood again , then started supper and set the table . +When the meal was ready , he told Jones to wash up , and going into the front room , woke the girl . +He said , `` I've got some supper ready '' . +

+

She rubbed her eyes and stretched , then sat up , her hands going to her hair . +`` I'm a mess '' , she said , and suddenly she was alarmed . +`` Who are you ? ? +How did we get here '' ? ? +

+

`` I'm Dan Morgan . +This is the Rafter Aj . +You fell down in front of the house , and I carried you in . +I gave you a drink and then you went to sleep '' . +

+

`` Oh '' . +She stared at him , her eyes wide as she thought about what he had said ; ; +then she murmured : `` You're very kind , Mr. Morgan . +Do you take in all the strays who come by '' ? ? +

+

`` I don't have many strays coming to my front door '' , he said . +`` Think you can walk to the table '' ? ? +

+

`` Of course '' . +

+

She got to her feet , staggered , and almost fell . +He caught her by an arm and helped her into the kitchen . +She sat down at the table , shaking her head . +`` I'm sorry , Mr. Morgan . +I'm usually a very strong woman , but I'm awfully tired '' . +

+

`` And hungry '' , he said . +`` Start in . +It's not much of a meal , but it's what I eat '' . +

+

`` Not much of a meal '' ? ? +The girl cried . +`` Mr. Morgan , it's the best-looking food I ever saw '' . +

+

He told himself he had never seen two people eat so much . +When they were finally satisfied , Jones said , `` I think he's going to give us work '' . +

+

The grateful way she looked at Morgan made him ashamed of himself . +When he saw the expression in her eyes , he knew he couldn't send them on . +She said , `` I guess the Lord looks out for fools , drunkards , and innocents '' . +

+

Morgan laughed . +`` Which are you '' ? ? +

+

`` We're not drunkards '' , she said . +`` That's all I'm sure of '' . +

+

She helped him with the dishes , then he brought more water in from the spring before it got dark . +He carried the tub from the back of the house where it hung from a nail in the wall . +He said : `` You'll feel a lot better after you have a bath . +Your feet are in bad shape , Mrs. Jones . +You'll have to go to town to see the doc '' . +

+

`` No , she'll be all right '' , Jones said quickly . +`` I mean , we don't have any way to get there and we can't expect you to quit work just to take us to town '' . +

+

`` We'll see '' , Morgan said . +

+

`` Could you find me a needle and thread '' ? ? +The girl asked . +`` My dress needs some work on it '' . +

+

He nodded and , going into the bedroom , brought a needle , thread , and scissors . +He said : `` I'm going to bed '' . +He nodded at the door in front of him . +`` That's my spare bedroom . +The bed isn't made , but you'll find plenty of blankets there '' . +

+

`` You're awfully kind '' , the girl said . +`` We'll pay you back if you'll let us . +Some way '' . +

+

`` It's all right '' , he said . +`` I get up early . +You'd better sleep '' . +

+

Jones followed him into the front room , closing the door behind him . +He said : `` If it's all right with you , Mr. Morgan , I'll sleep out here on the couch . +We haven't slept together since we started . +I just can't take any chances on getting her pregnant , and if we were sleeping together '' +

+

He stopped , embarrassed , and Morgan said , `` I understand that , but I don't savvy why you'd go off and leave your jobs in the first place '' . +

+

`` We got fired '' , Jones said . +`` We had to do something '' . +

+

They were a pair of lost , whipped kids , Morgan thought as he went to bed . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/n03.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/n03.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5eca171baaa285200a0429ecec862607108a014f --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/n03.xml @@ -0,0 +1,280 @@ +Sample N03 from Cliff Farrell, Trail of the Tattered Star. + Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1961. + Pp. 168-173. A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus1,991 words 345 (17.3%) quotesN03

Copyright 1961 by Cliff Farrell.

 Cliff Farrell, Trail of the Tattered Star. + Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1961. + Pp. 168-173.

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The sentry was not dead . +He was , in fact , showing signs of reviving . +He had been carrying an Enfield rifle and a holstered navy cap-and-ball pistol . +A bayonet hung in a belt scabbard . +He was partially uniformed in a cavalry tunic and hat . +Mike stripped these from him and donned them . +He and Dean tied and gagged the man , using his belt and shirt for the purpose . +They dragged him inside the building . +

+

Fiske joined them , unsteady on his feet . +Julia , seeing the bandage , rushed to him . +`` You are hurt '' ! ! +She breathed . +

+

`` I never felt better in my life '' , Fiske blustered . +

+

He turned to Susan and kissed her on the cheek . +`` Thank you , My dear '' , he said . +`` You are very brave '' . +

+

Mike silenced them . +`` We'll talk later . +First , we've got to get out of here '' . +

+

`` We'll grab horses '' , Dean said . +`` The main bunch is outside , but there are some over there inside the wall '' . +

+

Mike debated it , trying to decide whether Fiske was strong enough to ride . +But it at least offered him a chance for living . +He had none here . +And , for the sake of Julia and Susan , it had to be tried . +

+

The guerrilla bivouac remained silent . +Light showed in the orderly room across the parade ground . +Someone evidently was on duty there . +No doubt there would be men guarding the horses . +

+

About a dozen animals were held inside the stockade , as best Mike could make out in the moonlight . +Evidently this was a precaution so that mounts would be available in an emergency . +

+

He handed the guard's rifle to Fiske . +`` Dean and myself will try to cut out horses to ride '' , he said . +`` We'll stampede the rest . +You stay with the ladies . +All of you be ready to ride hell for leather '' . +

+

He added , `` If this doesn't work out , the three of you barricade yourself in the house and talk terms with them '' . +

+

He handed the bayonet to Dean and kept the pistol . +Susan halted Dean and kissed him . +She clung to him , talking to him , and dabbing at her eyes . +

+

Mike turned away . +He was thinking that the way she had responded to his own kiss hadn't meant what he had believed it had . +He felt unutterably weary . +

+

Dean turned from Susan and took Julia Fortune in his arms . +He kissed her also , and with deep tenderness . +She too began to weep . +He released her and joined Mike . +`` All right '' , he said . +

+

Mike only said , `` Later '' . +

+

`` Be careful , McLish '' ! ! +Susan said fiercely . +

+

`` The way you were careful '' ? ? +He snorted . +`` Running around in the moonlight almost naked and slugging a man with a rock '' ? ? +

+

He kept going . +He wanted no more sentimental scenes with her . +He might say or do something foolish . +Something all of them would regret . +He might tell her how sorry a spectacle she was making of herself , pretending to be blind to the way Julia Fortune had taken Dean's affections from her . +And using him , Mike McLish , as a sop to her pride . +

+

He handed the bayonet to Dean and kept the pistol . +`` Stay well back of me '' , he said . +`` I'm going to walk up to the horses , bold as brass , pretending I'm one of the guerrillas . +There's bound to be someone on guard , but the hat might fool them long enough for me to get close '' . +

+

Holding the pistol concealed , he walked to the rear wall of the stockade . +It was pierced by a wagon gate built of two wings . +One wing stood open . +Mike passed through it and moved toward the dark mass of horses . +They were tethered , army style , on stable lines . +

+

A voice spoke near-at-hand . +`` Who's that '' ? ? +

+

Just me '' , Mike said . +`` Is that you , Bill '' ? ? +

+

He located his man . +The guard stood in the shadow of the stockade wall just out of reach of the moonlight . +Mike kept walking and got within arm's reach before the man became suspicious and straightened from his lax slouch . +

+

Mike struck with the muzzle of the pistol . +But the luck that had been running their way left him . +The guard instinctively parried the blow with his rifle . +He tried to veer the rifle around to fire into Mike's body . +

+

Mike , off balance , managed to bat the muzzle away a moment before it exploded . +The bullet went wide . +Mike swung the pistol in a savage backlash . +This time it connected solidly on the man's temple , felling him . +

+

The explosion of the rifle had crashed against the walls of the stockade and the deep echoes were still rolling in the hills . +The startled horses began rearing on their tethers . +

+

Dean came rushing up . +`` Are you hit '' ? ? +He demanded . +

+

`` No , but the fat's in the fire '' ! ! +Mike said . +`` There's no chance now of all of us getting away . +You'll have to try it alone '' . +

+

The sentry's saddled horse stood picketed nearby , having been kept handy in case of need . +

+

Mike took the bayonet from Dean's hand and slashed the picket line . +`` Up you go '' ! ! +He said . +`` Ride '' ! ! +

+

Dean resisted Mike's attempt to push him toward the horse . +`` Why not you '' ? ? +He protested . +

+

`` Dammit '' ! ! +Mike said frantically . +`` You're lighter than me . +It's our only chance now . +Try to find these Feds . +The rest of us can fort up in the house and hang on until you get back . +You're the one that's taking the big chance '' . +

+

Dean still hesitated , but Mike lifted him almost bodily into the saddle and thrust the reins in his hand . +

+

`` No telling how good this horse is '' , Mike panted . +`` Favor him and save something in case you hit trouble . +Watch out for Apaches when it comes daylight . +Take the pistol . +You might need it . +We'll still have the rifle , and I might be able to round up some more . +I'll stampede the rest of these horses so they can't chase you '' . +

+

Dean leaned from the saddle and gave him a mighty whack on the back . +`` McLish '' , he said as he kicked the horse into motion , `` I'd be a mighty sad man if we never met again '' . +

+

Then he was on his way at a gallop . +Mike ran down the line , slashing picket ropes with the bayonet . +He lifted a screeching war whoop . +That touched off a total stampede . +He darted inside the stockade and freed the horses there . +These poured through the gate and joined the flight . +The animals thundered away into the moonlight , heading for the ridges . +

+

The guerrillas were swarming from their bivouac at the west end of the enclosure . +

+

`` Apaches '' ! ! +Mike yelled . +`` They're stealin' the stock '' ! ! +

+

He scuttled in shadow along the east wall of the stockade and then followed the south wall until he was at the rear of the two frame buildings . +He crouched there . +

+

His shout had been taken up and repeated . +The guerrillas were running across the parade ground and through the rear gate in the wake of the departing horses . +All were carrying guns they had seized up , but they were half-clad or hardly clad at all . +

+

Durkin and Calhoun came running from the post . +They had pistols in their hands . +They bawled questions that were not answered in the uproar . +They followed the others toward the east gate . +Beyond the stockade rifles began to explode as some of the guerrillas fired at shadows that they imagined were Apaches . +

+

Mike made a dash to the rear of the frame buildings . +He crawled beneath the two supply wagons which stood between the buildings and peered around a corner . +The area was deserted . +A man was standing in the open door of the lighted orderly room a few yards to Mike's left , but he , too , suddenly made up his mind and went racing to join the confused activity at the east end of the stockade . +

+

Mike crawled to the door and peered in . +The orderly room seemed to be deserted . +A lantern hung from a peg , giving light . +Ducking inside , he found that three rifles were stacked in a corner . +A brace of pistols , holstered on belts , hung from a peg , along with ammunition pouches . +An ammunition case stood open , containing canisters which contained powder cartridges . +

+

Mike seized a blanket from a pallet in a corner , spread it on the floor and used it to form a bag in which he placed his booty . +

+

Shouldering the load he peered from the door . +His looting of the orderly room had taken only a minute or two and the vicinity was still clear of guerrillas . +

+

He looked at the looming hoods of the supply wagons , struck by a new inspiration . +He set his bundle down . +Snatching the lantern from its peg , he shattered its globe with a blow against a post . +He picked up the powder canister and ran out . +Bursting paper cartridges , he scattered powder beneath the nearest wagon and dumped the contents of the canister upon it . +

+

He shouldered the blanket again , backed off , and tossed the lantern with its open wick beneath the wagon . +He turned and raced across the parade ground toward the rock house . +

+

Powder flame gushed beneath the wagon . +The stockade was brilliantly lighted and the guerrillas sighted him . +They realized the truth . +Bullets began to snap past him . +One struck the muzzle of one of the rifles that projected from the shoulder pack . +Its force spun him around , but he recovered and got into stride again . +

+

A bullet tore the earth from beneath his foot when he was a stride or two from safety . +Another struck him heavily in the thigh and he went down . +

+

Guerrillas were racing toward him . +Susan and Julia came from the door and dragged him with them . +The three of them floundered through the door into the interior and fell in a heap . +

+

Susan bounced to her feet and slammed the door . +She crouched aside as bullets beat at the portal , chewing into the planks . +Some tore entirely through the whipsawed post oak . +The iron hinges held , but the planks were in danger of being torn from the crossbars . +

+

Mike rolled to Susan , grasped her around the knees , dragging her off her feet . +He hovered over her to shield her , for spent bullets were thudding against the rear walls . +

+

He peered from a loophole . +Guerrillas were only a dozen yards away , charging the house . +Mike snatched a pistol from the heap of scattered booty and fired . +He dropped a man with the first bullet . +At the same moment Wheeler Fiske fired the rifle Mike had given him and another guerrilla was hit . +That halted the rush . +The guerrillas scattered for cover . +

+

The wagons were burning fiercely . +The mudwagon had caught fire also . +The blaze was spreading to the frame buildings . +

+

The guerrillas realized they faced a new problem . +`` Gawdamighty '' ! ! +One screeched . +`` There goes our grub an' ammunition '' ! ! +

+

`` Get a bucket line going '' ! ! +Calhoun shouted . +`` Hurry ! ! +Hurry '' ! ! +

+

The guerrillas began a frantic search for pails in which to bring water from the spring . +But what few containers they found were inadequate . +Many of them , in increasing panic , came running with water in their hats in a ludicrous effort . +Both buildings were in flames . +The heat drove the guerrillas back . +The roof of the command post began to buckle . +

+

`` Drag the wagons to the spring '' ! ! +Lew Durkin yelled . +`` Run 'em right into the spring ! ! +Hustle '' ! ! +

+

One of the wagons erupted a massive pillar of flame . +A sizable supply of powder had been touched off . +The wagons and the coach were beyond saving and so were the buildings . +

+

The glow of the fire reached through the openings in the windows , giving light enough to examine Mike's wound . +The bullet had torn through the flesh just above the knee , inflicting an ugly gash that was forming a pool of blood on the floor . +But it had missed the bone and had passed on through . +Susan and Julia ripped strips from their clothing and bound the injury . +

+

Mike tested the leg and found that he was able to hobble around on it . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/n04.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/n04.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f8a92a3a17a31687da2993fe9a017cf9e46da850 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/n04.xml @@ -0,0 +1,226 @@ +Sample N04 from James D. Horan, The Shadow Catcher. + New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1961. Pp. 248-253. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,002 words984 (49.2%) quotesN04

Used by permission of James D. Horan.0010-1690

 James D. Horan, The Shadow Catcher. + New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1961. Pp. 248-253. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

`` So it wasn't the earthquake that made him return to his village '' ! ! +

+

`` No . +Now dammit , I don't want to go into any more explanations . +Here comes Jason . +Keep this to yourself '' . +

+

Reverend Jason , looking worried , hurried toward us . +`` Anything wrong , cap'n ? ? +The men seem to think so '' . +

+

`` Dirion found a large war party south of us . +They'll probably attack at dawn '' , Montero said . +He brushed past the clergyman and walked into the center of the camp . +Using his hands as a trumpet he shouted , `` Fort up ! ! +Fort up ! ! +There's a large war party on their way '' ! ! +

+

For a second , engages , cooks , voyageurs appeared struck dumb . +Then Little Billy began shouting orders to round up the ponies and fill the water buckets and for the cooks to hurry up with the meal . +They all flew into action . +

+

`` That was a terrible thing to do '' , I said to Oso . +The Aricaras treated us like friends . +And here all the time you knew the Sioux would be using our rifles on them ! ! +God , what a world you people live in '' . +

+

Oso gave me an unruffled look . +`` Old Knife's got the largest war party ever seen on the river '' , he said calmly . +`` What would you have done in Montero's moccasins ? ? +Let Old Knife come up and kill you and your people , or would you steer him on someone else '' ? ? +He shook his head . +`` Mr. Manuel did that in the war . +That's why the British never got the tribes to fight for the King . +Mr. Manuel whispered in the ears of the Sioux that the Cheyennes were comin' to raid 'em for their horses . +Then he went on to the Cheyennes and told them that the Sioux was goin' to move up . +He did that with all the Nations . +Hell , they were fightin' each other so hard they had no time for anyone else . +The War Department wrote Mr. Manuel a letter and said he was a hero . +I saw that letter . +He carried it in a little wallet made of fish skin '' . +

+

`` But that was war '' , I said . +`` There's no war on now '' . +

+

`` You're wrong , Matt . +In this country there's a war on every time the grass turns green . +First it was the Nations against themselves , then it was them against the whites . +And it's goin' to go on like this year after year until the white people take over this land '' . +

+

I remember being told it would happen so fast people would think it took place overnight . +

+

`` That's why this company's important . +Once we get over the mountains others will come along . +That's why the Trust don't want us to make it . +That bastard Chambers ! ! +-- Old Knife's not the only chief he'll get to do his dirty work ! ! +Before we get through he'll have the Blackfeet hankerin' for our hair and our goods . +Well , talkin' ain't goin' to help -- let's fort up '' ! ! +

+

As I dug in behind one of the bales we were using as protection , I grudgingly found myself agreeing with Oso's logic , especially when I imagined what would have happened to Missy if Old Knife's large party of screeching warriors had overrun our company . +

+

For , unlike the Sioux and the Crows , the Aricaras are not great horsemen , nor are they aggressive like the savage Blackfeet . +More of an agricultural nation , they have relied on their warriors only for defense and for survival in the endless wars of the plains . +Still , I was disgusted with myself for agreeing with Montero's methods . +

+

Surprisingly , he had told the others what he had done . +In the brief moment I had to talk to them before I took my post on the ring of defenses , I indicated I was sickened by the methods men employed to live and trade on the river . +

+

`` I think Montero did right '' , Amy said firmly . +`` Let the savages kill each other . +What do we care '' ? ? +

+

Reverend Jason was understandably bitter . +`` It was a terrible thing to do . +Those little children . +

+

But Oso replied calmly , `` Trouble ain't easy to dodge out in this country , rev'rend '' . +

+

28 . +Attack +Gray Eyes attacked our camp just as the first pink threads stitched together the hills and the sky . +Our camp was in the center of a wide valley . +Montero had set up a strong position , using every bale and box we had in addition to barricades of logs and brush . +He had ordered the ponies brought inside the fortified circle and had assigned Pierre and a band of picked engages the job of trying to keep them steady under fire . +

+

The pony herd was the one flaw in our defense ; ; +the Rees undoubtedly would try to cut down as many of the animals as possible . +Wildly bucking horses would make the position difficult to defend against charging warriors . +

+

The cooks had prepared one of the best meals we'd had in a long time , and on Montero's orders had baked enough bread to last the day . +Buckets were filled , the herd fed and watered . +The worst part had been the waiting ; ; +although we didn't expect the attack before dawn , the long cloudy night , filled with the sounds of the industrious insects , seemed endless . +Coyotes and hunting wolves sounded like signaling Indian scouts , the whinny of a restless pony made one's skin crawl . +Oso slept unconcernedly , his rifle cradled in his arms ; ; +I didn't catch a wink . +Every time I closed my eyes , I saw Gray Eyes rushing at me with a knife . +

+

It was a relief when they finally came . +

+

They poured through the opening in the valley , then spread out in a long line to come at us , brandishing their lances and filling the morning with their spine-chilling scalp cry . +

+

`` Oso '' , Montero called `` I'll get Gray Eyes '' . +

+

`` That'll be a pleasure to see '' , the big black murmured as he stared down the barrel of his rifle . +

+

`` Hold your fire '' , Montero was shouting . +`` Wait until my shot . +I'll shoot the first man who doesn't '' . +

+

I could see them in my sights . +They were about a mile off ; ; +under me the ground quivered slightly . +At first they were only feathers and dark indistinguishable faces and bodies , hunched over their horses' heads . +Gradually they emerged as men . +Gray Eyes was in the lead . +His face was split by a vermilion streak , his eyes were pools of white ; ; +jagged red and black medicine symbols covered his chest . +He was naked except for a clout . +Next to him was a young boy I was sure had sat near me at one of the trading sessions . +His mouth was open , his neck corded with the strain of his screams . +I found his chest in my sights . +It had a red circle . +The circle came nearer and nearer . +

+

My God , how long is he going to wait , I thought . +

+

Montero's rifle cracked . +At first I thought he had missed . +Gray Eyes remained erect . +The feathered lance was still above his head . +As he started to slump over , another warrior swung him onto his horse . +

+

I squeezed the trigger . +At the last second I dropped my sights from the bare chest and bright red circle to the chest of his pony . +I saw the pony fall like a stone and the young warrior flew over its head , bouncing like a rubber ball . +He started to run but Oso's shot caught him on the wing . +He jerked once in the grass and lay still . +

+

`` If you're goin' to kill 'em -- ! ! +Kill 'em '' ! ! +Oso growled . +

+

What else he said was lost in the rattle of gunfire on all sides . +The Aricaras broke under the devastating fire , wheeled and retreated . +

+

`` Lead up ! ! +Lead up ! ! +They'll be back '' ! ! +Montero was shouting . +

+

Far up the valley I could see the Rees circling and reorganizing . +Out in front of our walls the grass was covered with dead and dying men , war shields , lances , blankets and wounded and dead horses . +The morning air was filled with the sweetish odor of new-spilled blood , the acrid stench of frightened horses , and the bitterness of burned powder . +A horse screamed as it twisted from side to side in a frenzy . +A rifle cracked ; ; +the square head fell over . +One of the warriors suddenly leaped to his feet and began running across the valley to the trees that lined the small creek . +His legs pumped furiously , his long black hair streamed out behind him . +There was a ragged volley . +He was dead before he hit the ground . +

+

`` For Christ's sake , don't waste your powder on one of 'em '' ! ! +Montero shouted furiously . +`` Wait for the charge ! ! +The charge , I tell you '' ! ! +

+

The sharp cries at the end of the valley were faint . +They grew louder as the Indians charged again . +I could see their faces glistening with sweat and bear grease , their mouths open , shouting their spine-chilling cries . +

+

`` Gray Eyes is back , , Montero said . +

+

The war captain had been badly wounded and was fighting to hold his seat . +I could see the blood running down his chest . +He was riding between two warriors , who held him erect when he started to slump . +

+

I forgot to aim . +In my sights I watched him looming bigger and bigger . +Montero's shot had caught him high in the chest ; ; +there was no doubt he was dying . +Again we waited for Montero . +This time he delayed so long that some of the engages shouted frantically , but they held their fire . +The horses were only several lengths away when he fired . +The bullet flung Gray Eyes from his horse . +Our rolling volley swept most of the other riders from their mounts . +But a few reached our wall . +I heard the whir of an ax and a Canadian's face burst apart in a bloody spray . +I saw Little Billy rise and fire almost point blank and an Indian's face became shattered flesh and bone . +A second leaped from his horse to the top of the bale , firing four arrows in such rapid succession it didn't seem possible they were in flight . +Men screamed . +Oso reached up , jerked the buck from the bale and snapped his neck . +Other Indians were running at the ponies , shrilling and waving blankets . +Reverend Jason got one , the Canadians the others . +I saw the clergyman kneel for a moment by the twitching body of the man he had shot , then run back to his position . +

+

The ponies were almost uncontrollable . +The pall of dust they raised made it difficult to see when the Aricaras charged again . +This time more of them hurdled the barrier . +A small Indian dived at Montero , who caught him with a swift upward stroke of his rifle butt . +It sounded like a man kicking a melon . +Above me a dark rider was whipping his pony with a quirt in an attempt to hurdle the bales . +

+

Although my shot killed his horse , he rolled off the bale on top of me . +I could smell woodsmoke , grease , and oil . +His eyes were dark , fluid , fearful , and he gave a sigh as my knife went in . +Coming over the wall he had seemed like a hideous devil . +Now under me I could see him for what he really was , a boy dressed up in streaks of paint . +

+

The Aricaras made one last desperate charge . +It was pitiful to see the thin ranks of warriors , old and young , wheeling and twisting their ponies frantically from side to side only to be tumbled bleeding from their saddles by the relentless slam , slam of the cruelly efficient Hawkinses . +Others , badly wounded , gripped hands in manes , knees in bellies , held on as long as possible and then , weak from ghastly wounds , slipped sideways , slowly , almost thoughtfully , to be broken under the slashing hoofs . +Some gracefully soared from the backs of their wounded , screaming mounts to make one last defiant charge before the lead split their hearts or tore their guts . +

+

None of them reached our walls again . +The few survivors grudgingly turned away . +In the distance we could hear the drums and the wail of the death song . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/n05.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/n05.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc931f252d51de386106a0127ce52494c9559ade --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/n05.xml @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ +Sample N05 from Richard Ferber, Bitter Valley. + New York: Dell Publishing Company, 1961. Pp. 9-17. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,016 words 501 (24.9%) quotesN05

Used by permission of Richard W. Ferber. 0010-1670

 Richard Ferber, Bitter Valley. + New York: Dell Publishing Company, 1961. Pp. 9-17. +

Arbitrary Hyphens: dark-skinned [0600] broken-down [1220] deep-set [0680]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

She was carrying a quirt , and she started to raise it , then let it fall again and dangle from her wrist . +

+

`` I saw your fire '' , she said , speaking slowly , making an effort to control her anger . +`` You could burn down this whole mountainside with a fire that size . +It wouldn't matter to a fool like you . +It would to me '' . +

+

`` All right '' , Wilson said quickly . +`` The fire's too big . +And I appreciate the advice '' . +

+

He was losing patience again . +An hour before , with the children asleep and nothing but the strange darkness , he would have appreciated company . +She had helped him change his mind . +

+

`` I'm not advising you '' , she said . +`` I'm telling you . +That fire's too big . +Let it burn down . +And make sure it's out when you leave in the morning '' . +

+

He was taken aback . +It took him a long time to compose himself . +

+

`` There's some mistake '' , he said finally . +`` You're right about the fire . +It's bigger than it has to be , though I don't see where it's doing any harm . +But you're wrong about the rest of it . +I'm not leaving in the morning . +Why should I ? ? +I own the place '' . +

+

She showed her surprise by tightening the reins and moving the gelding around so that she could get a better look at his face . +It didn't seem to tell her anything . +She glanced around the clearing , taking in the wagon and the load of supplies and trappings scattered over the ground , the two kids , the whiteface bull that was chewing its cud just within the far reaches of the firelight . +She studied it for a long time . +Then she turned back to Wilson and smiled , and he wasn't quite sure what she meant by it . +

+

`` You own this place '' ? ? +She said , and her tone had softened until it was almost friendly . +`` You bought it '' ? ? +

+

`` From a man in St. Louis '' , Wilson said . +`` Jake Carwood . +Maybe you know him '' . +

+

The girl laughed . +`` I know him . +I ought to . +My father ran him off here six years ago '' . +

+

Wilson didn't say anything . +He stood watching the girl , wondering what was coming next . +She had picked up the quirt and was twirling it around her wrist and smiling at him . +

+

`` Carwood didn't tell you that '' , she said . +

+

`` No '' , Wilson said . +`` But it's understandable . +It's not the kind of thing that a man would be proud of . +And it doesn't make any difference . +He sold me a clear title . +I have it with me , right here . +If you want to see '' -- +

+

`` Never mind '' , she said sternly . +`` It wouldn't matter to my father , and not to me . +I meant what I said about that fire . +Be sure it's out when you leave . +That's all . +I'll let you go back to doing the dishes now '' . +

+

It was meant to insult him , and didn't quite succeed . +He took the reins just below the bit and held them firmly , and it was his turn to smile now . +`` I don't mind washing dishes now and then '' , he said pleasantly . +`` It doesn't hurt . +It might hurt you , though . +Somebody might mistake you for a woman '' . +

+

He meant to say more , but he never got the chance . +She was quick . +She brought the quirt down , slashing it across his cheek , and he tried to step back . +She swung the quirt again , and this time he caught her wrist and pulled her out of the saddle . +

+

She came down against him , and he tried to break her fall . +He grabbed her by the shoulders and went down on one knee , taking her weight so that some of the wind was driven out of him . +It made him a little sick , and he let go of her . +He got up slowly , and she was already on her feet , and he stood facing her . +He wiped the blood from his cheek . +

+

`` I ought to '' -- he said . +He was shaking with anger , his breath coming in long , painful gasps . +`` That quirt -- I ought to use it on you , where it would do the most good . +If you were a man '' -- +

+

`` She isn't , mister '' . +

+

The voice came from behind him , and Wilson turned . +The fire had gone down , and the man was only a shadow against the trees . +But a moment later he brought his horse forward into the light , and Wilson had a good look at him . +He was tall and dark-skinned , a half-breed , Wilson thought . +And he was handsome , despite the long thin scar that slanted across his cheek . +

+

`` She's not a man , mister '' , he said . +`` I am . +If you've got any ideas '' . +He raised the Winchester and pointed it at Wilson's chest . +

+

`` Put the rifle down , Joseph '' , the girl said . +She seemed irritated . +`` I thought I told you to stay home '' . +

+

The half-breed eased the Winchester down and rested it across his lap . +The scar looked pure white in the half-darkness ; ; +his eyes were black and deep-set , and expressionless . +`` You shouldn't be riding up here after dark , Judith '' , he said quietly . +`` I can take care of this . +It's no job for you '' . +

+

The girl tapped the quirt impatiently against her knee and glared at him . +He took it without flinching . +

+

`` I said go home , Joseph . +You've got no business up here '' . +

+

The half-breed didn't answer this time . +But the scar seemed to pull hard at the corner of his mouth , and his eyes were hurt and angry . +It made Wilson wonder . +He watched the half-breed as he turned silently . +They could hear the pony's feet on the dry leaves for a while , then the sound faded out . +

+

Wilson brushed the dust from his coat . +`` Who was that '' ? ? +He asked . +`` Your personal guard ? ? +You're pretty hard on him '' . +

+

`` He works for my father '' , the girl said , and then seemed to change her mind . +`` He's a friend . +His name's Joseph Sanchez . +Is there anything else you want to know '' ? ? +

+

`` Not now '' , Wilson said . +`` I guess I'll find out soon enough . +You've got blood on your cheek . +Not yours . +Mine . +It must have got there when you fell against me '' . +

+

She wiped it off with the sleeve of her coat . +

+

`` I'll bet that's as close as you've been to a man since you were a baby '' , Wilson said . +

+

He saw her hand start to work down the leather thong toward the handle of the quirt , and he grabbed her wrist . +`` Oh , no '' , he said , and he was without humor now . +`` I've had enough of that . +I've had enough of you . +I don't know what goes on around here , and I don't care . +I don't know what makes you think you can get away with this kind of business , and I don't care about that , either . +You took me by surprise . +But I'll know how to handle you next time '' . +

+

She brought up her free hand to hit him , but this time he was quicker . +He side-stepped her blow and she fell , stumbling against the gelding . +She finally regained her balance and got up in the saddle . +Her hat had come off and fallen behind her shoulders , held by the string , and he could see her face more clearly than he had at any time before . +He had forgotten that she was so pretty . +But her prettiness was what he had noticed first , and all the other things had come afterward : cruelty , meanness , self-will . +He had known women like that , one woman in particular . +And one had been too many . +He watched the girl until she had gone into the trees , and waited until he couldn't hear the sound of her horse any longer , then went up to where the children were sleeping . +

+

They weren't sleeping , of course , but they thought they were doing him a favor by pretending . +He hadn't shown up too well in their eyes , letting himself be browbeaten by a woman . +They expected greater things from him , regardless of how trying the circumstances , and they were disappointed . +And determined not to show it . +They lay a little too stiffly , with their eyes straining to stay closed . +

+

`` Go to sleep '' , he said . +`` Both of you . +There's better things to do than listen to something like that . +I'll be down at the creek finishing the dishes , if you want me '' . +

+

He found the pan where he had dropped it and carried it back down to the stream . +The coyote was calling again , and he hoped that this time there would be no other sounds to interrupt it . +Not tonight , at any rate . +He had a feeling that the girl meant trouble . +If she did , he could stand it better in the light . +

+

He scrubbed absent-mindedly at the pans and reflected on how things had turned out . +That afternoon when they had pulled up in front of the broken-down ranch house , his hopes had been high . +Already some of the pain had gone from Amelia's death . +Not all of it . +There would still be plenty of moments of regret and sadness and guilty relief . +But they were starting a new life . +And they had almost everything they needed : land , a house , two whiteface bulls , three horses . +

+

The land wasn't all Wilson had expected of it . +Six hundred and forty acres , the old man back in St. Louis had said ; ; +good grass , good water . +Well , the grass was there , though in some places the ground was too steep for a cow to get to it . +The water was there , so much of it that it spread all through the dead orchard . +And there was a house ; ; +livable perhaps , but badly in need of repairs . +

+

In the last analysis , though , Wilson had little cause to complain . +The place had been cheap -- just the little he had left after Amelia's burial -- and it would serve its purpose . +There was only one place where Jake Carwood's description had gone badly awry : the peace and quiet . +It hadn't started out that way . +And he had a feeling -- thanks to the girl -- that things would get worse before they got better . +

+

2 +They had the house cleaned up by noon , and Wilson sent the boy out to the meadow to bring in the horses . +He stood on the porch and watched him struggling with the heavy harness , and finally went over to help him . +Kathy was already in the wagon . +They were going to town , and they were both excited . +

+

Wilson backed the team into the traces , and wished they weren't going to town at all . +He had an uneasy feeling about it . +That girl last night , what was her name ? ? +Judith Pierce . +It was the only thing about her that was the least bit hard to remember . +

+

He finished with the team and filled his pipe and stood looking about him . +He had spent two hours riding around the ranch that morning , and in broad daylight it was even less inviting than Judith Pierce had made it seem . +There was brush , and stands of pine that no grass could grow under , and places so steep that cattle wouldn't stop to graze . +But there was water . +There was an artificial lake just out of sight in the first stand of trees , fed by a half dozen springs that popped out of the ground above the hillside orchard . +Yes , there was plenty of water , too much , and that was probably the trouble . +There were tracks of cattle all over his six hundred and forty acres . +

+

The first part of the road was steep , but it leveled off after the second bend and curled gradually into the valley . +It was hotter once they reached the flat , and drier , but the grass was better . +A warm breeze played across it , moving it like waves . +A red-tailed hawk flew in behind them and stayed there , watching for any snakes or rabbits that they might stir up from the side of the road . +It took them an hour before they came to the first houses of Kelseyville . +

+

The town was about what Wilson expected : one main street with its rows of false-fronted buildings , a water tower , a few warehouses , a single hotel ; ; +all dusty and sunbaked . +The place was quiet . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/n09.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/n09.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d9e745864e6c3e54381785d6adbb3496af3833f --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/n09.xml @@ -0,0 +1,243 @@ +Sample N09 from Jim Thompson, The Transgressors. + New York: The New American Library of World Literature. + Inc., 1961. Pp. 9-13. A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,012 words 483 (24.0%) quotesN09

Used by permission of Jim Thompson. 0010-1760

 Jim Thompson, The Transgressors. + New York: The New American Library of World Literature. + Inc., 1961. Pp. 9-13.

Typographical Error: ommission [0330]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Miraculously , she found exactly the right statement . +She began it deliberately , so that none of her words would be lost on him . +

+

`` I want to tell you something Thomas DeMontez Lord . +I'm well aware that you've got a pedigree as long as my leg , and that I don't amount to anything . +But '' -- +

+

`` But it don't matter a-tall '' , Lord supplied fondly . +`` To me you'll always be the girl o' my dreams , an' the sweetest flower that grows '' . +

+

Beaming idiotically , he pooched out his lips and attempted to kiss her . +She yanked away from him furiously . +

+

`` You shut up ! ! +Shu-tt up-pp ! ! +I've got something to say to you , and by God you're going to listen . +Do you hear me ? ? +You're going to listen '' ! ! +

+

Lord nodded agreeably . +He said he wanted very much to listen . +He knew that anything a brainy little lady like her had to say would be plumb important , as well as pleasin' to the ear , and he didn't want to miss a word of it . +So would she mind speaking a little louder ? ? +

+

`` I think you stink , Tom Lord ! ! +I think you're mean and hateful and stupid , and -- louder '' ? ? +Said Joyce . +

+

`` Uh-huh . +So I can hear you while I'm checkin' the car . +Looks like we might be in for a speck of trouble '' . +

+

He opened the door and got out . +He waited at the car side for a moment , looking down at her expectantly . +

+

`` Well ? ? +Wasn't you goin' to say somethin' '' ? ? +Then , helpfully , as she merely stared at him in weary silence , `` Maybe you could write it down for me , huh ? ? +Print it in real big letters , an' I can cipher it out later '' . +

+

`` Aah , go on '' , she said . +`` Just go the hell on '' . +

+

He grinned , nodded , and walked around to the front of the car . +Lips pursed mournfully , he stared down at its crazily sagging left side . +Then he hunkered down on the heels of his handmade boots , peered into the orderly chaos of axle , shock absorber , and spring . +

+

He went prone on his stomach , the better to pursue his examination . +After a time , he straightened again , brushing the red Permian dust from his hands , slapping it from his six-dollar levis and his tailored , twenty-five-dollar shirt . +

+

He wore no gun -- a strange ommission for a peace officer in this country . +Never , he'd once told Joyce , had he encountered any man or situation that called for a gun . +And he really feels that way , she thought . +That's really all he's got , all he is . +Just a big pile of self-confidence in an almost teensy package . +If I could make myself feel the same way +

+

She studied him hopefully , yearningly ; ; +against the limitless background of sky and wasteland it was easy to confirm her analysis . +Here in the God-forsaken place , the westerly end of nowhere , Tom Lord looked almost insignificant , almost contemptible . +

+

He was handsome , with his coal-black hair and eyes , his fine-chiseled features . +But she'd known plenty of handsomer guys , and , conceding his good looks , what was there left ? ? +He wasn't a big man ; ; +rather on the medium side . +Neither was he very powerful of build . +He could move very quickly , she knew ( although he seldom found occasion to do so ) , but he was more wiry than truly strong . +And his relatively small hands and feet gave him an almost delicate appearance . +

+

Just nothing , she told herself . +Just so darned sure of himself that he puts the Indian sign on everyone . +But , by gosh , I want him and I'm going to have him ! ! +

+

He caught her eye , came back around the car with the boot-wearer ; ; +teetering , half-mincing walk . +Why did these yokels still wear boots , anyway , when most had scarcely sat a horse in years ? ? +He slid in at her side , tucked a cigar into his mouth , and politely proffered one to her . +

+

`` Oh , cut it out , Tom '' ! ! +She snapped . +`` Can't you stop that stupid clowning for even a minute '' ? ? +

+

`` This ain't your brand , maybe '' , Lord suggested . +`` Or maybe you just don't feel like a cigar '' ? ? +

+

`` I feel like getting back to town , that's what I feel like ! ! +Now , are you going to take me or am I supposed to walk '' ? ? +

+

`` Might get there faster walkin' '' , Lord drawled , `` seein' as how I got a busted front spring . +On the other hand , howsomever , maybe you wouldn't either . +I figger it's probl'y a sixty-five-mile walk , and I c'n maybe get this spring patched up in a couple of hours '' . +

+

`` How -- with what ? ? +There's nothing out here but rattlesnakes '' . +

+

`` Now , ain't it the truth '' ? ? +Lord laughed with secret amusement . +`` Not a danged thing but rattlesnakes , so I reckon I'll get the boss rattler to help me '' . +

+

`` Tom ! ! +For God's sake '' ! ! +

+

`` Looky '' . +He pointed , cutting her off . +`` See that wildcat '' ? ? +

+

She saw it then , the distant derrick of the wildcat -- a test well in unexplored country . +And even with her limited knowledge of such things , she knew that the car could be repaired there ; ; +sufficiently , at least , to get them back into town . +A wildcatter had to be prepared for almost any emergency . +He had to depend on himself , since he was invariably miles and hours away from others . +

+

`` Well , let's get going '' , she said impatiently . +`` I '' -- She broke off , frowning . +`` What did you mean by that rattlesnake gag ? ? +Getting the boss rattlesnake to help you '' ? ? +

+

`` Why , I meant what I said '' , Lord declared . +`` What else would I mean , anyways '' ? ? +

+

She looked at him , lips compressed . +Then , with a shrug of pretended indifference , she took a compact from her purse and went through the motions of fixing her make-up . +In his mood , it was the best way to handle him ; ; +that is , to show no curiosity whatsoever . +Otherwise , she would be baited into a tantrum -- teased and provoked until she lost control of herself , and thus lost still another battle in the maddening struggle of Tom Lord Vs. Joyce Lakewood . +

+

The car lurched along at a snail's crawl , the left-front mudguard banging and scraping against the tire , occasionally scraping against the road itself . +Lord whistled tunelessly as he fought the steering wheel . +He seemed very pleased with himself , as though some intricate scheme was working out exactly as he had planned . +Along with this self-satisfaction , however , Joyce sensed a growing tension . +It poured out of him like an electric current , a feeling that the muscles and nerves of his fine-drawn body were coiling for action , and that that action would be all that he anticipated . +

+

Joyce had seen him like this once before -- more than once , actually , but on one particularly memorable occasion . +That was the day that he had practically mopped up the main street of Big Sands with Aaron McBride , field boss for the Highlands Oil & Gas Company . +

+

Tom had been laying for Aaron McBride for a long time , just waiting to catch him out of line . +McBride gave him his opportunity when he showed up in town with a pistol on his hip . +He had a legitimate reason for wearing it . +It was payday for Highlands , and he was packing a lot of money back into the oil fields . +Moreover , as long as the weapon was carried openly , the sheriff's office had made no previous issue of it . +

+

`` So what's this all about '' ? ? +He demanded , when Lord confronted him . +I'm not the only man in town with a gun , or the only one without a permit '' . +

+

It was the wrong thing to say . +By failing to do as he was told instantly -- to take out a permit or return the gun to his car -- he had played into Lord's hands . +

+

The trouble was that he had virtually had to protest . +The deputy had forced him to by his manner of accosting him . +

+

So , `` How about it '' ? ? +He said . +`` Why single me out on this permit deal '' ? ? +

+

`` Well , I'll tell you about that '' , Lord told him . +`` We aim t' be see-lective , y'know ? ? +Don't like to bother no one unless we have to , which I figger we do , in your case . +Figger we got to be plumb careful with any of you Highlands big shots '' . +

+

McBride reddened . +He himself had heard that there was gangster money in the company , but that had nothing to do with him . +He was an honest man doing a hard job , and the implication that he was anything else was unbearable . +

+

`` Look , Lord '' , he said hoarsely . +`` I know you've got a grudge against me , and maybe I can't blame you . +You think that Highlands swindled you and I helped 'em do it . +But you're all wrong , man ! ! +I'm no lawyer . +I just do what I'm told , and '' -- +

+

`` uh-huh . +An' that could mean trouble with a fella that's workin' for crooks . +So you get rid of that pistol right now , Mis-ter McBride . +You do that or take you out a permit right now '' . +

+

McBride couldn't do either , of course . +Not immediately , as the deputy demanded . +Not without a face-saving respite of at least a few minutes . +To do so would make his job well-nigh impossible . +Oil-field workers were a rough-tough lot . +How could he exert authority over them -- make them toe the line , as he had to -- if he knuckled under to this small-town clown ? ? +

+

`` I'll get around to it a little later '' , he mumbled desperately . +`` Just as soon as I go to the bank , and '' -- +

+

`` huh-uh . +Now , Mis-ter McBride '' , said Lord , and he laid a firmly restraining hand on the field boss's arm . +

+

It was strictly the deputy's game , but McBride had gone too far to throw in . +Now , he could only play the last card in what was probably the world's coldest deck . +

+

He flung off Lord's hand and attempted to push past him , inadvertently shoving him into a storefront . +

+

It was practically the last move that McBride made of his own volition . +

+

Lord slugged him in the stomach , so hard that the organ almost pressed against his spine . +Then , as he doubled , gasping , vomiting the breakfast he had so lately eaten , Lord straightened him with an uppercut . +A rabbit punch redoubled him . +And then there was a numbing blow to the heart , and another gut-flattening blow to the stomach +

+

But he couldn't keep up with them . +No more could he defend himself against them . +He seemed to be fighting not one man but a dozen . +And he could no longer think of face-saving , of honor , but only of escape . +

+

Why , he's going to kill me , he thought wildly . +I meant him no harm . +I've given willful hurt to no man . +I was just doing my job , just following orders , and for that he's going to kill me . +Beat me to death in front of a hundred people . +

+

Somehow more terrible than the certainty that he was about to die was the knowledge that Lord would probably not suffer for it : the murder would go unpunished . +He , McBride , would be cited as in the wrong , and he , Lord , would go scot-free , an officer who had only done his duty , though perhaps too energetically . +

+

McBride staggered into the street , flopped sprawling in the stinging dust . +Fear-maddened , fleeing the lengthening shadow of death , he scrambled to his feet again . +He couldn't see ; ; +he was long past the point of coherent thinking . +Dimly , he heard laughter , hoots of derision , but he could not read the racket properly . +He could not grasp that Lord had withdrawn from the fight minutes ago , and that his leaden arms were flailing at nothing but the air . +

+

He hated them too much to understand -- the people of this isolated law-unto-itself world that was Lord's world . +This , he was sure , was the way they would act ; ; +laughing at a dying man , laughing as a man was beaten to death . +And nothing would be done about it . +Nothing unless +

+

Donna ! ! +Donna , his young wife , the girl who was both daughter and wife to him . +Donna was like he was . +She lived by the rules , never compromising , never blinded or diverted by circumstance . +And Donna would -- +

+

When he regained consciousness he was in Lord's house , in the office of Doctor Lord , the deputy's deceased father . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/n11.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/n11.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5f124bd82cc84424185a0b87175446c3e9361f92 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/n11.xml @@ -0,0 +1,172 @@ +Sample N11 from Gene Caesar, Rifle for Rent. + Derby, Connecticut: Monarch Books, Inc., 1963. Pp. 46-51. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,017 words 296 (14.7%) quotesN11

Used by permission of Gene Caesar. Copyright1961. 0010-1740

 Gene Caesar, Rifle for Rent. + Derby, Connecticut: Monarch Books, Inc., 1963. Pp. 46-51. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The author of the anonymous notes seemed to be all-knowing . +For men who had left cattle alone after getting their first notices had received no second . +But the day of the deadline came and passed , and the men who had scoffed at the warnings laughed with satisfaction . +For , with a single exception , nothing had happened to them . +

+

The exception was an Iron Mountain settler named William Lewis . +After walking out to his corral that morning , he'd been amazed to see the dust puff up in front of his feet . +A split second later , the distant crack of a rifle had sounded . +He'd mounted up immediately and raced with a revolver ready toward the spot from which he'd estimated the shot had come . +But he had found all of the thickets and points of cover deserted . +There had been no sign of a rifleman and no track or trace to show that anyone had been near . +

+

Lewis was a man who had made a full-time job of cow stealing . +He hadn't even pretended to be farming his spread . +His land had never been plowed . +He had done his rustling openly and boasted about it . +He had received both first and second anonymous notices , and each time he had accused his neighbors of writing them . +He had cursed at them and threatened them . +He was a man , those neighbors testified later , who didn't have a friend in the world . +

+

William Lewis made the rounds of all who lived near him again , that August morning after a bullet landed at his feet , and once more he accused and threatened everyone . +

+

`` I'll be ready next time '' ! ! +He raged . +`` I'll be shootin' right back '' . +

+

He had his chance the very next morning , for exactly the same thing happened again . +This time Lewis had his own rifle in his hands , and he threw some answering fire back at the mysterious far-off shot , then spent most of the day searching out the area . +He found nothing , but he still refused to give up and move out . +

+

`` Just let me meet up with that damned bushwhackin' coward face-to-face '' ! ! +He exploded . +`` That's all I ask '' ! ! +

+

He never got that chance . +For the unseen , ghostlike rifleman aimed a little higher the third time . +A bullet smashed directly into the center of William Lewis' chest . +He slumped against a log fence rail , then tried to lift himself . +Two more shots followed in quick succession , dropping him limp and huddled on the ground . +

+

An inquest was held , and after a good deal of testimony about the anonymous notes , the county coroner estimated that the shooting had been done from a distance of 300 yards . +Rumors of the offer Tom Horn had made at the Stockgrowers' Association meeting had leaked out by then , and as a grand jury investigation of the murder got underway , the prosecuting attorney , a Colonel Baird , ordered that the tall stock detective be summoned for questioning . +

+

It took some time to locate Horn . +He was finally found in the Bates Hole region of Natrona County , two counties away . +Prosecutor Baird immediately assumed he was hiding out there after the shooting and began preparing an indictment . +But that indictment was never made . +For Tom Horn , it turned out , had a number of rancher and cowboy witnesses ready and willing to swear with straight faces that he had been in Bates Hole the day of the killing . +

+

The former scout's alibi couldn't be shaken . +The authorities had to release him . +He immediately rode on to Cheyenne , threw a ten-day drinking spree and dropped some very strong hints among friends . +

+

`` Dead center at three hundred yards , that coroner said '' ! ! +He'd grin . +`` Three shots in that fella 'fore he hit the ground ! ! +You reckon there's two men in this state can shoot like that '' ? ? +

+

Publicly , he denied everything . +Privately , he created and magnified an image of himself as a hired assassin . +For a blood-chilling ring of terror to the very sound of his name was the tool he needed for the job he'd promised to do . +

+

Tom Horn was soon back at work , giving his secret employers their money's worth . +A good many beef-hungry settlers were accepting the death of William Lewis as proof that the warning notes were not idle threats . +The company herds were being raided less often , and cabins and soddies all over the range were standing deserted . +But there were other homesteaders who passed the Lewis murder off as a personal grudge killing , the work of one of his neighbors . +The rustling problem was by no means solved . +

+

Even in the very area where the shooting had been done , cattle were still disappearing . +For less than a dozen miles from the unplowed land of the dead man lived another settler who had ignored the warnings that his existence might be foreclosed on -- a blatant and defiant rustler named Fred Powell . +

+

`` Fred was mighty crude about the way he took in cattle '' his own hired man , Andy Ross , mentioned later . +`` Everyone knew it , but he sort of acted like he didn't care who knew it -- even after them notes came , even after he'd heard about Lewis , even after he'd been shot at a couple o' times hisself '' ! ! +

+

On the morning of September 10 , 1895 , Powell and Ross rose at dawn and began their day's work . +Haying time was close at hand , and they needed some strong branches to repair a hay rack . +Harnessing a team to a buckboard , they drove out to a willow-lined creek about a half-mile off , then climbed down and began chopping . +

+

Andy Ross had just started swinging an ax at his second willow when the distant blast of a rifle sounded . +He looked around in surprise , then noticed that Fred Powell was clutching his chest . +The hired man ran over to help his boss . +

+

`` My God , I'm shot '' ! ! +Powell gasped . +And he collapsed and died instantly . +

+

Ross had no intention of searching for the assassin . +He heaved the dead man onto the buckboard , yelled and lashed at the team and got out of there fast . +But he brought back the sheriff and several deputies , and to the lawmen the entire affair seemed a repetition of the Lewis killing . +

+

A detailed scouring of the entire area revealed nothing beyond a ledge of rocks that might have been the rifleman's hiding place . +There were no tracks of either hoofs or boots . +Not even an empty cartridge case could be found . +

+

Once again , Tom Horn was the first and most likely suspect , and he was brought in for questioning immediately . +Once again , he shook his head , kept his face expressionless and his voice very calm , and had a strongly supported alibi ready . +Later , riding in for some lusty enjoyment of the liquor and professional ladies of Cheyenne , he laid claim to the killing with the vague insinuations he made . +

+

`` Exterminatin' cow thieves is just a business proposition with me '' , he'd blandly announce . +`` And I sort o' got a corner on the market '' . +

+

`` Tom '' , a friend asked him once , `` how come you bushwhacked them rustlers ? ? +They wouldn't o' stood no chance with you in a plain , straight-out shoot-down '' . +

+

He had lots of friends , then as always . +Even as he became widely known as a professional killer , nearly every cowboy and rancher in Wyoming seemed proud to call him a friend . +No man's name brought more cheers when it was announced in a rodeo . +

+

`` Well '' , he explained , `` s'posin' you was a nester swingin' the long rope ? ? +Which would you be most scairt of -- a dry-gulchin' or a shoot-down '' ? ? +

+

`` Yeah , I can see that '' , the friend was forced to agree . +`` But well , it just don't seem sportin' somehow '' ! ! +

+

`` Sportin' '' ! ! +The tall sunburnt rustler-hunter stared in amazement . +`` Sportin' '' ! ! +He echoed again in soft wonder . +`` I seen a lot o' things in my time . +I found a trooper once the Apache had spread-eagled on an ant hill , and another time we ran across some teamsters they'd caught , tied upside down on their own wagon wheels over little fires until their brains was exploded right out o' their skulls . +I heard o' Texas cattlemen wrappin' a cow thief up in green hides and lettin' the sun shrink 'em and squeeze him to death . +But there's one thing I never seen or heard of , one thing I just don't think there is , and that's a sportin' way o' killin' a man '' ! ! +

+

After the first two murders , the warning notes were rarely ignored . +The lesson had been learned . +The examples were plain . +When Fred Powell's brother-in-law , Charlie Keane , moved into the dead man's home , the anonymous letter writer took no chances on Charlie taking up where Fred had left off and wasted no time on a first notice : +

+

If you don't leave this country within 3 days , your life will be taken the same as Powell's was . +

+

This was the message found tacked to the cabin door . +Keane left , within three days . +

+

All through Albany and Laramie counties , other men were doing the same . +Houses of settlers who'd treated the company herds as a natural resource , free for the taking , were sitting empty , with weeds growing high in their yards . +The small half-heartedly tended fields of men who'd spent more time rustling cattle than farming were lying fallow . +No cow thief could count on a jury of his sympathetic peers to free him any longer . +Jury , judge and executioner were riding the range in the form of a single unknown figure that could materialize anywhere , at any time , to dispense an ancient brand of justice the men of the new West had believed long outdated . +

+

For three straight years , Tom Horn patrolled the southern Wyoming pastures , and how many men he killed after Lewis and Powell ( if he killed Lewis and Powell ) will never be known . +It is possible , although highly doubtful , that he killed none at all but merely let his reputation work for him by privately claiming every unsolved murder in the state . +It is also possible , but equally doubtful , that he actually shot down the hundreds of men with which his legend credits him . +

+

For that legend was growing explosively , Rumor was insisting he received a price of $600 a man . +( The best evidence is that he received a monthly wage of about $125 , very good money in an era when top hands worked for $30 and found . +) Rumor had it he slipped two small rocks under each victim's head as a sort of trademark . +( A detailed search of old coroner's reports fails to substantiate this in the slightest . +

+

One thing was certain -- his method was effective , so effective that after a time even the warning notices were often unnecessary . +The mere fact that the tall figure with the rifle and field glasses had been seen riding that way was enough to frighten three rustling homesteaders out of the Upper Laramie country in a single week . +

+

`` My reputation's my stock in trade '' , Tom mentioned more than once . +He evidently couldn't foresee that it might be his downfall in the end . +

+

He had made himself the personification of the Devil to the homesteaders . +But to the cattlemen who had been facing bankruptcy from rustling losses and to the cowboys who had been faced with lay-offs a few years earlier , he was becoming a vastly different type of legendary figure . +Such ranchers as Coble and Clay and the Bosler brothers carried him on their books as a cowhand even while he was receiving a much larger salary from parties unknown . +He made their spreads his headquarters , and he helped out in their roundups . +

+

In the cow camps , Tom Horn was regarded as a hero , as the same kind of champion he was when he entered and invariably won the local rodeos . +The hands and their bosses saw him as a lone knight of the range , waging a dedicated crusade against a lawless new society that was threatening a beloved way of life . +The wailing , guitar-strumming minstrels of the cattle kingdom made up songs about him . +

+

By 1898 , rustling losses had been driven down to the lowest level ever seen in Wyoming . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/n13.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/n13.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d89d4dd0582f8636a19ea585bffaac9379a473d --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/n13.xml @@ -0,0 +1,176 @@ +Sample N13 from Martha Ferguson McKeown, Mountains Ahead. + New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1961. Pp. 390-395. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,016 words 479 (23.8%) quotesN13

Used by permission of Martha Ferguson McKeown. 0010-1760

 Martha Ferguson McKeown, Mountains Ahead. + New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1961. Pp. 390-395. +

Arbitrary No Hyphen: ticklebrush [1380]Note: Only used for However [0700]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Over his shoulder he could see Max's loose grin and the Burnsides' glowering faces . +`` Honey '' , he whispered . +`` Soon as we send them on their way and make camp , let's you and me go for a walk down by the Snake -- all by ourselves '' . +

+

`` Sally '' , admonished her mother , `` you've got all evening to visit with Dan . +His wounds need dressing now '' . +

+

Mrs. Jackson's words recalled Dan to his lack of fitness for courting . +What a spectacle he was , caked with dirt and sweat and blood , filthy as a pig and naked as an Indian , kissing the finest , the sweetest , the bravest , and absolutely the prettiest girl in this whole wonderful world . +He released her reluctantly for her enthusiastic reunion with Old Hap . +`` Got a lot to tend to , but I'll get back quick as I can '' , he assured her . +

+

Dan could hear Clayton Burnside and Eben Jackson summing up their final reckoning for rental on the oxen . +Jackson was doing most of the talking . +So long as Sally's pa was coming out best on the haggle , Dan didn't feel the need of putting in his two-bits' worth . +

+

Soon as the Burnsides moved on , he'd lead Rex down by the river ; ; +there he could shave and scrub himself up for the evening . +Damn it , he thought bitterly , picking up his shirt and staring at the fresh bullet hole in the sleeve . +If I hadn't got Nate stopped when I did , my duds'd all be shot plumb to hell ! ! +

+

He stooped , picked up his ruined hat , and pursed his lips thoughtfully . +From the way the wound in his head was itching , Dan knew that it would heal . +But his only hat was something else again . +`` Nate ! ! +Nate '' ! ! +He shouted . +

+

The Burnsides , now ready to roll , were purposefully deaf to his cry . +

+

`` Nate '' ! ! +He bellowed to the retreating back directly in front of him . +

+

`` I ain't going to fight you no more '' . +Nate turned his head , attempting to speak in a soothing voice . +

+

`` I know you ain't '' ! ! +Dan affirmed , feeling ten feet tall . +He moved in close , jerked the handsome , broad-brimmed beaver hat from Nate's head and clamped it on his own . +`` Here's a present for you '' , he said , shoving his bullet-riddled hat down over Nate's purpling forehead . +`` Me and you's trading hats so's you'll have something permanent to remember me by '' ! ! +

+

Sally left her choring to stand beside Dan . +Slipping her hand in his , they silently watched the Burnsides make the bend in the road and disappear from sight . +Much as they had to look forward to , they didn't begrudge a moment of the time they spent seeing them go . +

+

At first Matilda could not believe her own eyes . +She had spent too many hours looking ahead , hoping and longing to catch even a glimpse of Dan and finding nothing but emptiness . +And now she could see him , looking uncommon handsome , standing there beside Sally Jackson and her folks in front of their trail-worn wagon . +

+

Seeing them waiting there at the foot of Emigrant Rock was so overwhelming that , for a good minute after they rounded the bend and started down the grade leading toward them , Matilda could not speak at all . +Then , with a glory that almost wiped out the deep , downward sags in her careworn face , Matilda leaned over the wheel and shouted to Hez , who was stumbling along in the heat and the dust on the opposite side of the wagon `` Pa ! ! +Pa ! ! +I can see Dan . +And he's with the Jacksons '' ! ! +

+

`` What about Burnsides '' ? ? +Hez asked , who still believed they'd have them to lick . +

+

`` They ain't even in sight '' ! ! +She replied . +

+

By then Hez could see for himself , and so could the others . +Soon they were all shouting greetings , exchanging smiles , and rejoicing to think that they were all back together again . +But even a reunion as joyous as this one did not make a break in the routines of the day . +Nor could they stop and find out about all that had happened until they made circle , tended the cattle , tethered the horses , gathered fuel , carried water , and started their cooking fires . +Then , and only then , with the Jacksons and Dan as their true guests of honor , did the Harrows take time to catch up on the news . +No sooner did they hear of Dan's injury than both Gran and Matilda went into immediate action . +The wound in his scalp was examined , pronounced healing , and well doctored with simples , before they dished up the victuals . +From then on , in keeping with the traditions they had followed since childhood , the whole group settled down to relish their food . +Even Sally , in spite of her gaiety and obvious welcome , followed the old taboo of `` quitting the gab when wearing the nosebag '' . +

+

After their supper , the evening turned into a regular `` Hoe-Down '' . +Only , they carefully substituted old country folk dances for the Virginia Reels and square dances that were so popular among more worldly trains in the great westward migration . +But with Bill O'Connor on the fiddle , and Gran Harrow exuberantly shouting `` Glory Be '' and `` Hallelujah '' above their united chant of the lilting old ballads , they played their quaint folk games with all the fervor and abandon of a real celebration . +

+

`` Golly '' , Rod exclaimed to Harmony as he dutifully stood by her side among the ringed spectators , `` don't that fiddle make you wish the Bible didn't say us Baptists can't dance '' ? ? +

+

`` Nor Methodists , neither '' , she replied . +`` Not that it matters to me , being this far along '' . +

+

Rod gave her a warm pat on the shoulder before he replied . +`` Come spring , you'll be kicking up your heels and feeling coltish again too , gal '' . +

+

At these words of sympathy and understanding , Harmony said generously , `` I don't mind setting here along with Gran while you go out and join in the games '' . +

+

Rod shifted his eager eyes from the milling group out in the circle long enough to reply , `` I ain't much of a hand for Dare-Base and Farmer-in-the-Dell , but I'd sure like to get in on the handhold and wrestles '' . +He looked down at his big hands and slowly flexed his long fingers . +`` Don't reckon there's nobody out there , 'cept maybe Dan , who can outgrip me , Harmony '' . +

+

With Rod on his way and Matilda visiting with Mrs. Jackson while they searched out familiar names on the face of the cliff , Harmony settled on the edge of the grub box , to ease the pressure of her swollen body on her bone-weary legs , and worried about all that might have happened to Sally . +And she was deeply thankful that she could see her now , out there in the midst of a gay , youthful circle , skipping and singing , `` Farmer in the dell , Farmer in the dell , Heigh-ho the dairy-oh , the farmer in the dell '' . +

+

At the sight of Sally's happy face and carefree expression , Harmony's dark , brooding eyes quickly brightened with unshed tears . +She was glad , completely and unselfishly glad , to see that things were working out the right way for both Sally and Dan . +And she really tried to go a step further and say she hoped they'd be just as right as they now were for her and for Rod . +But she couldn't , not yet . +Not with the memory of her folks and the lost Conestoga still holding her close . +

+

Out in the center of the circle the farmer , who was Dan , wasted no time when they came to the line , `` The farmer choose his wife '' . +With a swift swoop of his big arms , he grabbed Sally out of the circle surrounding him , and then kissed her soundly before setting her down so she could stand by his side while they jointly chose the rest of their `` outfit '' . +Soon the child , the dog , the cat and even the cheese , all joined them out there in the circle . +

+

By now Harmony could see that most of the adults in the train were winded and resting , or else siphoned off from the games by the challenging lure of the great cliff towering above them . +No matter how many registry rocks they came to on this journey , each one exerted its own appeal . +Even strange names seemed to make them feel closer to some kind of civilization when stumbled across out here in this wilderness . +Already a few hardy folk from their own train were zealously chipping away at the register rocks , leaving their own records along with those made by the earlier trains . +Soon she saw Rod and Hez moving over to join them . +

+

No sooner were they through and the guards posted , than the whole camp turned in for a night of sound sleep . +For Matilda , it was the first she had known in many a night . +Even the knowledge that she was losing another boy , as a mother always does when a marriage is made , did not prevent her from having the first carefree , dreamless sleep that she had known since they dropped down the canyon and into Bear Valley , way , way back there when they were crossing those other mountains . +

+

Next morning , they moved on again . +

+

`` My souls' a-gracious '' ! ! +Gran Harrow exclaimed , watching their rippling muscles as Rod and Dan swung her up into the load . +`` A body would swear I floated right up here on a cloud '' ! ! +

+

Rod and Dan released their holds on the arms of her hickory rocker and exchanged embarrassed grins . +`` Shucks , Gran '' , they said almost in unison . +`` That wasn't nothing at all '' ! ! +

+

Leaning forward in her chair , Gran nearsightedly scrutinized Dan's face . +`` How's Sally like rubbin' agin that thar little ticklebrush ye're a-raising '' ? ? +

+

`` Quit ragging him , Gran '' , Rod protested . +

+

`` I ain't ragging him '' ! ! +Gran peered again at the week-old blond mustache shadowing Dan's upper lip . +`` But honest-to-Betsy , I've seed more hair than that on a piece o' bacon '' . +

+

The two tall brothers waited silently while their mother handed Gran her cold snack and water jug , placed the chamber pot beside her feet , and returned to her place at the front of the wagon with Alice . +

+

`` Rheumatics worse , Pa '' ? ? +Dan asked Hez , who had limped back from his team to hold the notched-stick chair braces in place while his boys swung up the tailgate and tied it tight at the ends . +

+

`` My right leg's stiff as a board this morning '' , he replied . +`` But the sun'll fry it out'n me onct we git to rolling '' . +

+

The three men stepped out to the side to wait for Captain Clemens' signal . +

+

Hez looked up at the high face of Emigrant Rock , official signboard for the Raft River turnoff , and gloated , `` Seems funny that them Burnsides never took time to leave their John-Henry up thar '' . +

+

`` Wonder what made them hurry so '' , Rod drawled , giving Dan a sly wink . +

+

Dan grinned , and changed the subject . +`` From now on , Sally and me and her folks aim to give you our turn when it comes up and fall in behind you and Rod's outfit '' . +

+

`` Ain't no sense you eating our dust '' , Rod protested . +

+

`` Sally and her ma want to trade off on account of Harmony being so far along '' , Dan explained . +`` Jackson recruited his critters , and him and me fixed up his wagon while we was waiting for you to catch up . +He's got the tightest running gear in the train now . +Besides , 'tain't no more'n right for me to follow with my black oxen , so's I can unhook and pull up fast if either of you get in a pinch '' . +

+

Captain Clemens' signal shot sent the men hurrying to their waiting teams . +

+

`` Reckon ye're right , Dan '' , Hez called back over his shoulder . +`` I'll shore be needing ye both on the pull out o' the canyon '' . +

+

Rod looked apprehensively ahead at the narrowing , precipice-walled gorge . +`` We'll double teams zigzagging up the mountain , Harmony '' , he spoke reassuringly , concerned by the pinched look around her mouth . +`` Like enough we'll all be up on top by sundown '' . +

+

Out of the corner of his eye , he could see his father's wheels beginning to turn . +

+

Before Harmony had a chance to reply , Rod cracked his long whip over his thin oxen's backs . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/n14.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/n14.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f085274c4a62b8e9dac8df2adf5b8961ef16e17 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/n14.xml @@ -0,0 +1,220 @@ +Sample N14 from Peter Field, Rattlesnake Ridge. + New York: Jefferson House, Inc., 1961. Pp. 164-172. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,012 words 294 (14.6%) quotesN14

Used by permission of William Morrow & Company. 0010-1740

 Peter Field, Rattlesnake Ridge. + New York: Jefferson House, Inc., 1961. Pp. 164-172. +

Typographical Errors: Unnecessary " [1110] down off [for off down ?] [1160]Auxiliary verb omitted [1600]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

While no larger than Dutch Springs , this mining supply town had the appearance of being far busier and more prosperous . +Men crowded the streets and freight rigs and teams were moving about . +Although they were forced to maintain a sharper watch , this activity enabled them to ride in and rack their broncs without any particular attention being paid them . +

+

`` Gyp'll be holdin' forth in some bar if he's here at all '' , Cobb declared , glancing along the street as they stretched their legs . +

+

There were no less than six or seven saloons in Ganado , not counting the lower class dives , all vying for the trade of celebrating miners and teamsters . +Pat only nodded . +`` Take one side of the street , and I'll take the other '' , he proposed . +`` If you spot Carmer give a yell before you move in '' . +

+

Cobb's assent was tight . +`` You do the same . +It's all I ask , Stevens '' . +

+

Separating , they took different sides of the main drag and systematically combed the bars . +Russ visited two places without result and his blood pressure was down to zero . +Suddenly it seemed to him insane that they might hope to locate Gyp Carmer so casually , even were he to prove the thief . +He tramped out of the Miners Rest with his hopes plummeting , and headed doggedly for the Palace Saloon , the last place of any consequence on this side of the street . +

+

The Palace was an elaborate establishment , built practically on stilts in front , with long flights of wooden steps running up to the porch . +Behind its ornate facade the notorious dive clung like a bird's nest to the rocky ribs of the canyonside . +Russ ran up the steps quickly to the plank porch . +The front windows of the place were long and narrow , reaching nearly to the floor and affording an unusually good view of the interior . +Heading for the batwings , Cobb glanced perfunctorily through the nearest window , and suddenly dodged aside . +Nerves tight as a bowstring , he paused to gather his wits . +

+

Against all expectation , Carmer was inside , clearly enjoying himself to the hilt and already so tipsy that it seemed unlikely he was bothering to note anything or anyone about him . +Fierce anger surged through Russ . +He fought down the impulse to rush in and collar the vicious puncher on the spot . +

+

Reaching the porch rail beyond view of the bar windows , he feverishly scanned the busy street below . +Stevens was nowhere in sight . +Muffling an exclamation , Russ sprang to the nearest steps and ran down . +As luck had it , he had not gone twenty feet in the street before Pat appeared . +

+

`` What luck , Cobb '' ? ? +He said swiftly . +

+

Russ pointed upward . +`` He's there '' , he got out tersely , curbing his rising excitement . +Hitching his cartridge belt around , Pat glanced upward briefly at the Palace and started that way with Cobb at his side . +

+

Climbing the steps steadily , they reached the top and headed for the door . +Pat pushed through first . +Forced behind him momentarily , Russ followed at once and halted two steps inside . +His eyes widened . +While five minutes ago the place had presented a scene of easy revelry , with Gyp Carmer a prominent figure , it was now as somnolent and dull as the day before payday . +Carmer himself was nowhere to be seen . +

+

A man knocked the roulette ball about idly in its track , and another dozed at one of the card tables . +Two men murmured with their heads together at the end of the bar , while the sleek-headed bartender absently polished a glass . +Looking the setup over , Stevens started coolly for the rear of the place . +

+

`` Where yuh goin' '' ? ? +

+

It was the barkeep . +Halting , Pat turned to survey him deliberately . +He did not reply , going on toward the back . +Less assured than the tall , wide-shouldered man in the lead , Cobb followed alertly , a hand on his gun butt . +The bartender measured this situation with heavy eyes and decided he wanted no part of it . +He said no more . +

+

A hall opened in back of the bar , running toward an ell . +Pat moved into it . +Small rooms , probably for cards , opened off on either side . +All the doors were open at this hour except one , and it was toward this that Stevens made his way with Russ close at his shoulder . +

+

The door was locked . +A single kick made it spring open , shuddering . +Pat saw Gyp Carmer staggering forward , a half-filled bottle upraised as if to strike . +Russ sprang through to bat it nimbly aside . +With a bellow Carmer lunged at him . +But he was more than half-drunk , and his faculties were dulled . +Cobb unleashed a single powerful jab that sent Gyp reeling wildly and crashing down with a whining groan . +He started to struggle up , heaving desperately . +Russ gave him a brutal thrust that tumbled him over flat on his stomach . +Kneeling , Cobb planted a sturdy knee in the small of his back , holding him pinned . +

+

`` Okay , Stevens . +I've drawn his fangs '' , he snapped . +`` Go through his pockets , will you ? ? +If we have to we'll take him apart and see what he's made of '' ! ! +

+

Complying methodically , Pat pulled pocket after pocket inside out without finding a thing . +Cobb watched this with hunted eyes , his desperate hope waning by the moment . +Stevens was grunting over the last empty pocket when Russ abruptly rose and lunged toward Carmer's hat , which had tumbled half-a-dozen feet away when he first fell . +Cobb got it . +Straightening up , his eyes ablaze , he held out the battered Stetson . +

+

`` Look at this '' ! ! +

+

Inside the crown , stuffed behind the stained sweatband , could be seen thin , crumpled wads of currency . +Carmer's ingenious cache for his loot had been found . +

+

`` By golly , Stevens ! ! +You were right '' , Russ exclaimed , tearing the loose bills out of Carmer's hat . +`` That is , if we can be sure this is Colcord's money '' -- +

+

Pat grunted . +`` Where else would he get it ? ? +Count what you've got there , Cobb . +We can soon tell '' . +

+

Russ ran through the bills and named an amount it was highly unlikely any cowpuncher would come by honestly . +Pat nodded . +`` It's within a hundred of what Crip had '' , he declared . +`` We know Penny spent some -- and Carmer must have dropped a few dollars getting that load on '' . +

+

Handing the money over , Russ wiped his hands on his pants-legs as if ridding himself of something unclean . +His glance at Gyp Carmer was disdainful . +`` Shall we get out of here '' ? ? +

+

Leaving the card room , they moved back through the Palace the way they had come . +Glowering looks met them in the bar , but there was no attempt to halt them . +Pausing in the outside door to glance behind him , Pat looked his unspoken warning and stepped out . +He and Cobb clattered down the high steps to the street . +

+

Neither spoke till they reached their horses . +Pat paused there , looking across at the young fellow . +It'll be a pleasure for you to return this money to Colcord and tell him about it , Russ '' . +He started to return it . +

+

To his faint surprise Russ held up his hand . +`` Not me '' , he ruled decidedly . +I've had enough . +It was you that tracked it down anyway , Stevens '' , he pursued strictly . +`` I'll shove along home '' . +

+

`` Whatever you say '' . +Pat swung into the saddle , yet still he delayed , his brows puckered . +`` You owe it to Penny to give her a chance to explain that she was defending you , really '' , he observed mildly . +

+

`` Old Crip wasn't '' , retorted Cobb tartly . +`` He'll know when you tell him . +But I want this to sink in awhile . +Then maybe next time he won't be so quick on the trigger '' . +

+

`` Pat had never pretended to give advice in such affairs . +`` You're the doctor '' , he returned with a smile . +`` But I still think Penny's an awful nice girl , Russ '' -- +

+

`` You don't have to tell me '' , flashed Cobb . +Giving the other a dark look , he hauled his bronc around and trotted down off the street . +Pat let him go , following more leisurely . +At the first restaurant he sensibly pulled up to go in for his dinner , and as a consequence did not see Cobb strike the open range at the mouth of the canyon and head straight across the swells for Antler . +

+

The truth was , the puncher was both bewildered and dismayed by his own mixed luck . +`` Penny's always glad to see me over there '' , he mused bleakly . +Yet had he not visited the girl at Saw Buck he would never have been involved in this latest tangle . +

+

Over and above that , however , was his growing suspicion of Chuck Stober's part in recent events . +`` Gyp Carmer couldn't have known about Colcord's money unless he was told -- and who else would have told him '' ? ? +He asked himself . +`` It's the second time War Ax hands made a play for that money . +

+

How much of an accident could that be '' ? ? +

+

Nearing home , he jerked to attention at the distant crack of a gun . +In town no one paid much attention to an occasional shot ; ; +but on the range gunfire had a meaning . +Hauling up , Russ listened carefully . +Two minutes later it came again -- a double explosion , followed by a third , sounding more distant . +

+

As near as Cobb could determine the shots came from the direction of the Antler ranch house . +He tightened up in a twinkling . +So far as he knew , only his father could be there . +What did it mean ? ? +Clapping spurs to the bronc he set off at a sharp canter , with growing alarm . +

+

His first glimpse of the ranch house across the brushy swells told him nothing . +Still a quarter-mile away , the fresh clap of guns only served to increase his speed . +Setting a course straight for the house , he was covering ground fast when an angry bee buzzed past close to his face . +

+

When it was followed by a second , whining even closer , Cobb swerved sharply aside into a depression . +He knew now what he was up against . +Whoever was out there hiding in the brushy cover was besieging the Antler house and , having spotted his approach , was determined to drive him off before he could get into the fight . +

+

Cursing himself for having ridden out the last few days without a rifle in his saddle boot , Russ drew his Colt and examined it briefly . +If he wondered whether the attackers would allow him to pull away unmolested , he had his answer a moment later . +

+

`` Over this way ! ! +He ain't gone far '' ! ! +A harsh cry floated to him across the brush . +

+

A carbine cracked more loudly , and a slug clipped fragments from the brush off at one side . +The would-be assassin had his position figured pretty close . +Dismounting , Russ looked about hastily . +Toward the west this depression led toward a draw . +Leading his pony , he hurried that way , not remounting till he was well below the level of the surrounding range . +

+

Swinging up then , and bending forward over the horn , he urged his mount down the meandering draw . +He had not covered a hundred yards before a gun crashed from somewhere behind . +He had been sighted , and his attacker pumping shot after shot . +A shot or two went wild before Cobb felt something tug at his foot . +A slug had torn half of his stirrup-guard away . +A second twitched his shirtsleeve , and he felt a brief burn on his upper arm . +Another snarled close overhead . +

+

`` Jumping Jerusalem ! ! +Let's get out of here '' ! ! +

+

At the first shot Russ had hurled his mount to the left toward the side of the winding draw . +The long minute before he reached effective cover seemed endless . +Sweeping a look around , he saw that he was safe for the moment . +He heard cries from behind him , but he could make out no words . +

+

He dashed madly for the next elbow turn in the draw , and made it . +Recklessly hurling the bronc sidewise into an intersecting draw , he plunged forward with undiminished speed . +Gradually the wash climbed upward , forcing him toward open range . +Yet he must chance it . +He clambered out of the dwindling wash , the loose dirt flying behind him , and flashed a look about . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/n15.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/n15.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d7e92716e2ed3be9cfdef67bf589305150cf755 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/n15.xml @@ -0,0 +1,223 @@ +Sample N15 from Donald J. Plantz, Sweeney Squadron. + New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc., 1961. Pp. 133-138. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,016 words 159 (7.9%) quotes 2 symbolsN15

Used by permission of original publisher, Doubleday & Company,

 Donald J. Plantz, Sweeney Squadron. + New York: Dell Publishing Co., Inc., 1961. Pp. 133-138. +

Typographical Error: targets of opportunities [0090]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Early in November the clouds lifted enough to carry out the assigned missions . +And Sweeney Squadron put its first marks on the combat record . +Every plane that could fly was sent into the air . +

+

Cricket took eight ships and went south across the Straits and along the north coast of Mindanao to Cagayan . +Anything the enemy flew or floated was his target . +Fleischman with eight was to patrol the Leyte Gulf area , with his main task to get any kamikaze before they got to the ships . +Greg himself took two flights , with Todman leading the second , to patrol and look for targets of opportunities around Ormoc on the east coast of Leyte . +Each plane carried two five-hundred pound bombs . +

+

A weapons carrier took Greg , Todman , Belton , Banjo Ferguson , and Walters and the others the two miles from the bivouac area to the strip . +It was a rough long ride through the mud and pot holes . +No one had much to say . +The sky glowered down at them . +There was a feeling that this mission would be canceled like all the others and that this muddy wet dark world of combat would go on forever . +

+

The truck dropped them off at the various revetments spread through the jungle . +Donovan snatched Greg's chute from him with a belligerent motion and almost ran to the plane with it . +His face was dark as the sky above it as he stood on the wing and waited for his pilot . +Greg climbed into the cockpit feeling as if he had never been in one before . +But his hands and those of Donovan moved automatically adjusting and arranging in the check-out procedure . +

+

`` I've got her as neat as I can '' , Donovan said , as he dropped the straps of the Seton harness over Greg's shoulders . +`` But this goddamn climate . +It's for carabao not airplanes '' . +

+

`` We'll make out . +Don't you worry , chief '' , Greg replied , wondering if he himself believed it . +

+

`` Yeah . +See you '' , Donovan said as he jumped off the wing . +The expression was his trade-mark , his open sesame to good luck , and his prayer that pilot and plane would always return . +At the prearranged time , Greg started the engine and taxied out . +From the time the chocks were pulled until the plane was out of sight , he knew Donovan would keep his back to the strip . +He wondered where the superstition had originated that it was bad luck for a crew chief to watch his plane take off on a combat mission . +Yet long before the scheduled time for return , Donovan would be watching for every speck in the sky . +

+

Greg rumbled down the rough metal taxi strip , and one by one the seven members of his flight fell in behind him . +The dark brown bombs hanging under each wing looked large and powerful . +The pilots' heads looked ridiculously small . +The control tower gave him immediate take-off permission , and the clean roar of the engine that took him off the rough strip spoke well of the skill of Donovan . +

+

Greg's mission was the last to leave , and as he circled the ships off Tacloban he saw the clouds were dropping down again . +To the west , the dark green hills of Leyte were lost in the clouds about halfway up their slopes . +Underneath him the sea was a dark and muddied gray . +Water splashed against his windshield as he led the flight in and out of showers . +The metal strip they had taken off from was coal black against the green jungle around it . +He possessed the fighter pilot's horror of bad weather and instrument flying , and he wondered , if the ceiling did drop , whether he and the other flights would be able to find their way back in this unfamiliar territory . +He shivered in the warm cockpit . +

+

The overcast was solid above him . +As far as he could see there was no hole to climb through it . +They would have to go west through the narrow river valley that separated Leyte from Samar and hope that it didn't close in before they returned . +

+

Greg pushed the radio button on his throttle . +`` Todman , let's try to go under this stuff . +Stay in close and we'll go up the valley '' . +

+

`` Roger , Sweeney '' , Todman called back , and pulled his four in and slightly above Greg . +

+

Greg took the formation wide around three A-26 attack bombers that were headed north over the Gulf . +He dropped down to five hundred feet , swinging a little north of the city of Tacloban , and punched into the opening that showed against the mountain . +

+

The valley was only a few hundred yards wide with just about room enough for a properly performed hundred-and-eighty-degree turn . +It was only a fifteen-minute flight , but before it was through Greg felt himself developing a case of claustrophobia . +The ceiling stayed solid above them at about eight hundred feet , and at times the sheer cliffs seemed about to close in . +If the other pilots were worried , they did not show it . +The formation remained perfect . +

+

When the sea was visible ahead of them , the relief was as great as if the sun had come out . +He spread the flight out and led them across a point of land and then down the coast . +Although they drew light ground fire they saw no signs of activity . +

+

Once Todman thought he had spotted a tank and went down to investigate while Greg covered him . +`` Somebody beat us to it '' ! ! +Todman said over the radio as he came back up in formation . +

+

Visibility continued to be limited , and Greg was never able to get above a thousand feet . +It was frustrating . +His earphones were constantly full of the sounds of enemy contacts made by other flights . +He thought once that he identified the somewhat hysterical voice of Fleischman claiming a kill . +But Greg's area remained as placid as a Florida dawn . +

+

Finally , as time began to run out , he headed into Ormoc and glide-bombed a group of houses that Intelligence had thought might contain Japanese supplies . +The low clouds made bombing difficult . +There was not enough room to make the usual vertical bomb run . +The accuracy was deplorable . +One of Greg's bombs hung up , and he was miles from the target before he could get rid of it . +Only one of the flight scored a direct hit and the rest blew up jungle . +

+

With their load of bombs gone , the planes moved swiftly and easily . +Greg went up tight against the ceiling and led them back to their pass to home . +Mercifully , it was still open . +Like a man making a deep dive , Greg took full breath and plunged back into the valley . +He was about to make a gas check on his flight when Todman's voice broke in : `` Sweeneys ! ! +Three bogies . +Twelve o'clock level '' . +

+

Greg's eyes flicked up from his instrument panel . +He saw them , specks against the gray , but closing fast . +They were headed straight for each other on a collision course . +Friend or enemy ? ? +The same old question . +And only a few seconds to answer it . +

+

`` Zeros '' ! ! +Todman said excitedly , and hopefully . +

+

And then he thought Todman might be right . +His mind flicked through the mental pictures he had from the hours of Aircraft Identification . +He narrowed the shape down to two : either a Zero or a U. S. Navy type aircraft . +

+

If it were the enemy , tactically his position was correct . +Japanese aircraft were strong on maneuverability , American on speed and firepower . +His present maximum altitude , up against the overcast , gave him the opportunity to exploit his advantages . +But it also made him conspicuous to the enemy , if it was the enemy , and he hadn't been spotted already . +But the closing aircraft showed no sign of deviating from their original course . +

+

In seconds , Greg made his decision . +

+

He pushed the radio button . +`` Sweeney Blue , hit the deck . +Lots of throttle . +Todman , you take the one on the left . +I'll take the middle . +Belton , the one on the right . +If they're Japs . +Let's make sure first '' . +Greg had the stick forward and the throttle up before he heard the two `` Rogers '' . +

+

The planes , light with most of the gas burned out , responded beautifully . +Greg's airspeed indicator was over 350 when he leveled off just above the trees . +The opposing aircraft continued to come on . +They appeared to be the enemy . +Greg wished the Air Corps had continued to camouflage planes . +There was , of course , no way for the other planes to get by them . +It was a box . +But they could turn and escape to the east . +

+

Greg pushed the radio button again . +`` Todman , drop your second element back . +If any of us miss , they can pick up the pieces . +Now let's make sure they're Japs '' . +

+

Even as he said it , Greg knew they had found the enemy . +The shapes were unmistakable and the Rising Suns were showing up , slightly brighter pinpoints in the gray gloom . +

+

Greg slapped his hand across the switches that turned on the guns and gun camera and gun sight . +The circle with the dot in the center showed up yellow on the reflector glass in front of him . +His hands shook . +`` Arm your guns , Sweeneys '' . +

+

`` They're Japs . +They're Japs '' , came a high-pitched voice . +

+

`` Greg to Sweeney Blue . +One pass only . +No turns . +You'll bust your ass in this canyon . +That's an order '' . +

+

He moved the flights over against one wall . +It gave them all a chance to make a high-speed climbing turn attack and a break-away that would not take them into the overcast or force a tight-turn recovery . +If the turn was too tight , a barrel roll would bring them out . +A hell of an altitude for a barrel roll , but it could be done . +

+

Greg slammed his throttle to the fire wall and rammed up the RPM , and the engine responded as if it had been waiting . +The clearly identifiable enemy continued on as if no one else were around . +`` They haven't seen us '' , Greg yelled to himself over the engine noise . +`` They haven't seen us '' . +He hit the radio button . +`` Now , Sweeneys , now . +Let's take 'em home '' . +

+

He hauled back on the stick and felt his cheeks sag . +Out of the corner of his eye , he watched his wingman move out a bit and shoot up with him . +Perfect , he thought . +

+

With the rapid rate of closure , the approach from below , the side , and ahead , there would be only a moment when damage could be done . +Just like shooting at a duck while performing a half-gainer from a diving board . +

+

He tightened his turn . +His nose up . +It was going to be dangerous . +Eight aircraft in this small box . +Please , dear God , make my pilots good , he prayed . +

+

He took a lead on the enemy , using a distance of five of the radii in his circular sight and then added another . +The enemy did not veer . +It did not seem possible that they hadn't been spotted . +Blind fools . +

+

Now ! ! +

+

Greg's fingers closed on the stick trigger . +The plane rumbled and slowed . +Six red lines etched their way into the gray and vanished . +As if drawn by a wire the enemy flew into them . +Greg tightened his turn until the plane shuddered . +Luck was with him . +His burst held for a second on the engine section of the plane . +The Jap's propeller flew off in pieces . +A large piece of engine cowling vanished . +It was all Greg had time to see . +His maneuvering for the shot had placed him near the overcast , almost inverted and heading up into the clouds . +His speed was dropping rapidly . +If he spun out now , he would join his opponent on the ground . +

+

Wingman , stay clear , he prayed . +He pushed stick and rudder and entered the overcast on his back . +He fought the panic of vertigo . +He had no idea which was up and which was down . +He held the controls where they had been . +Sweat popped out over him and he felt the slick between his palm and the stick grip . +His air speed dropped until he thought he would spin out . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/n18.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/n18.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd85b107ec11cae5ae656ee868c5acb036855295 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/n18.xml @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@ +Sample N18 from Peter Bains, "With Women...Education Pays Off," Monsieur, 4: 2 + (February, 1961), 17, 77-78. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus1,998 words 430 (21.5%) quotesN18

Used by permission of Monsieur.0010-1580

 Peter Bains, "With Women...Education Pays Off," Monsieur, 4: 2 + (February, 1961), 17, 77-78. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Too many people think that the primary purpose of a higher education is to help you make a living ; ; +this is not so , for education offers all kinds of dividends , including how to pull the wool over a husband's eyes while you are having an affair with his wife . +If it were not for an old professor who made me read the classics I would have been stymied on what to do , and now I understand why they are classics ; ; +those who wrote them knew people and what made people tick . +

+

I worked for my Uncle ( an Uncle by marriage so you will not think this has a mild undercurrent of incest ) who ran one of those antique shops in New Orleans' Vieux Carre , the old French Quarter . +The arrangement I had with him was to work four hours a day . +The rest of the time I devoted to painting or to those other activities a young and healthy man just out of college finds interesting . +

+

I had a one-room studio which overlooked an ancient courtyard filled with flowers and plants , blooming everlastingly in the southern sun . +I had come to New Orleans two years earlier after graduating college , partly because I loved the city and partly because there was quite a noted art colony there . +When my Uncle offered me a part-time job which would take care of my normal expenses and give me time to paint I accepted . +

+

The arrangement turned out to be excellent . +I loved the city and I particularly loved the gaiety and spirit of Mardi Gras . +I had seen two of them and we would soon be in another city-wide , joyous celebration with romance in the air ; ; +and , when you took a walk you never knew what adventure or pair of sparkling eyes were waiting around the next corner . +The very faces of the people bore this expectation of fun and pleasure . +It was as if they could hardly wait to get into their costumes , cover their faces with masks and go adventuring . +

+

My Uncle and I were not too close socially because of the difference in our ages . +Sometimes I wondered vaguely what he did about women for my Aunt , by blood , had died some years ago , but neither of us said anything . +One Monday morning I saw him approach the store with a woman and introduce me to her as my new Aunt . +They were married over the week-end , though he was easily sixty and she could not have been even thirty . +She looked more like twenty-five or six . +It was really a May and December combination . +

+

My new Aunt was perhaps three or four years older than I and it had been a long time since I had seen as gorgeous a woman who oozed sex . +There was something about the contour of her face , her smile that was like New Orleans sunshine , the way she held her head , the way she walked -- there was scarcely anything she did which did not fascinate me . +Her legs were the full , sexy kind , full bodied like a rare wine and just as tantalizing to the appetite ; ; +the calf was magnificent , the ankle perfect . +

+

You must forgive me if I seem to dwell too much on her physical aspects but I am an artist , accustomed to studying the physical body . +The true artist is like one of those scientists who , from a single bone can reconstruct an animal's entire body . +The artist looks at an ankle , a calf , a bosom and , in his mind's eye , the clothes drop away and he sees her as she really is . +And that is the way I first saw her when my Uncle brought her into his antique store . +

+

That she impressed me instantly was obvious ; ; +I was aware that when our eyes met we both quickly averted them . +I thought I saw a faint surge of color rise to her neck and quickly suffuse her cheeks . +True , she was my Aunt , married to an Uncle related to me only by marriage , but why she had married a man twice her age , and more , perhaps , I did not know or much care . +

+

She was standing with her back to the glass door . +Her form was silhouetted and with the strong light I could see the outlines of her body , a body that an artist or anyone else would have admired . +As it is in so many affairs of the heart , a man and a woman meet and something clicks . +Something clicked in this instance , but I treated her circumspectly and I felt that she knew it , for we both kept our distance . +

+

When she appeared at the store to help out for a few hours even my looking at her was surreptitious lest my Uncle notice it . +And then I became aware that she , too , glanced at me surreptitiously . +I felt that her eyes were undressing me as if she were a painter and I a nude model . +I dismissed these feelings as wishful thinking but I could not get it out of my head that we had a strong physical attraction for one another and we both feared to dwell on it because of our relationship . +When our eyes met the air was filled with an unuttered message of `` Me , too '' . +You have probably experienced this . +It is nothing you can put your fingers on but the air suddenly fills with a high charge of electricity . +

+

Why she married him I do not know . +I myself was fond of him but what a young woman half his age saw in him was a mystery to me . +He already had that slow pace that comes over the elderly , while she herself had all the signs of one who appreciates the joys of living . +Perhaps , with my Uncle , she found a measure of economic security that she needed ; ; +or maybe she liked men old enough to be her father ; ; +some women with father fixations do . +

+

For several weeks we eyed one another almost like sparring partners , and then one day Uncle was slightly indisposed and stayed home ; ; +his bride opened the store . +I was waiting in front of it when she showed up and told me of my Uncle's indisposition . +Even as she was telling me about it I became aware of a give-away flush that suffused her neck and moved upwards to her cheeks , and subconsciously I realized that when she entered the store she did not switch on the lights . +The cavernous depth , cluttered with antiques , echoed to her hard heels as she walked directly to the office in the rear and took the seat at his desk . +She placed her palms , fingers outspread , on the desk in an odd gesture as if to say , `` Now , what next '' ? ? +

+

I was aware of a humid look in her eyes that told me the time was opportune . +There was little likelihood of any customers walking in at that hour . +I was standing beside her , watching the outspread palms and wondering about the old horsehair sofa against the wall on which he sometimes napped . +

+

I bent and kissed the still pink neck and suddenly she jumped up , and her two arms encircled me in a bear-like crush . +Her mouth , which had been so much in my thoughts , was warm and moist and tender . +I heard her murmur , `` We'd better lock the door '' . +

+

It did not take me long to slip the bolt securely and return to the rear and its couch . +

+

When we opened the door again for business and switched on the lights she said : +

+

`` He will not always be indisposed '' . +

+

`` I know . +I was thinking about that . +How will we work it out '' ? ? +

+

`` I don't know '' , she said . +`` You're the man . +You figure it out . +I've noticed the way you've been looking at me ever since we met '' . +

+

`` I guess we both felt it '' . +I said . +

+

`` I guess so '' , she said . +

+

`` But now what '' ? ? +

+

Even as I said it I realized that an education can be invaluable . +

+

`` I know what we can do '' , I said . +`` Tell him I made a pass at you '' . +

+

She raised a protesting hand with a startled air . +

+

`` What are you trying to do ? ? +Get thrown out ? ? +If I even hint at it do you think it will matter that you are his nephew -- and not even a blood nephew '' ? ? +

+

`` I don't want to be thrown out and I don't think I will . +I think I have a way so we can carry on without his suspecting us '' . +

+

`` By telling him you are making passes at me '' ? ? +She said incredulously . +

+

`` When I was in college '' , I grinned , `` I remember a poem I had to read in my lit class . +I don't even remember who wrote it but it was one of those 15th or 16th century poets . +In those days poems often told a story in verse and those boys had some corkers to tell ; ; +and now I think we can use the knowledge they passed on to us . +Tomorrow Mardi Gras opens officially . +A lot of people will roam the streets in costumes and masks , and having a ball . +There will be romance and flirtation . +If you tell him I made a pass at you he might think you misunderstood something I said or did , so instead of just telling him I made a pass , say I tried to date you and that you agreed so you could prove to him what a louse I really am . +We made a rendezvous tomorrow evening at nine on some street near Lake Ponchartrain . +And to prove what you tell him about me you suggest that he keep the date instead . +You are both the same size . +He could use your clothes for a costume and a heavy veil for a mask . +When I show up he will know you are a good wife to have told him about it '' . +

+

`` But you '' -- she began . +

+

`` Don't worry about me . +It will turn out all right '' . +

+

`` I don't understand '' , she insisted . +`` Are you trying to cut your throat '' ? ? +

+

`` No '' , I chuckled , `` I'm just beginning to collect dividends on my investment in education '' . +

+

As we expected , on the following day my Uncle was completely recovered and opened the store as usual at 10 in the morning . +I felt that he looked at me coldly and appraisingly and seemed to be uncertain what his attitude towards me should be , but he did not say one word which might indicate that he had been told of advances to his wife . +

+

I quit work at my usual hour as if this day was no different from other days . +I heard subsequently that my Uncle and Aunt had dinner in a nearby restaurant in the French Quarter after which he went home to get into his costume to keep the date . +Shortly before nine I drove my jalopy to the street facing the Lake and parked the car in shadows far enough away from the rendezvous corner but near enough to keep the corner in clear view . +A few minutes later I saw my Uncle's car drive up and a woman's figure emerge and walk to the corner . +I must say the figure was well made up . +If it were not that I knew who it was I could have mistaken it for my Aunt so well did her clothes fit him . +In one hand he gripped firmly a parasol though there had been no indication of rain . +I suspected why he brought it along . +

+

In the half darkness I approached cautiously , making sure he did not see me . +He was looking out on the dark waters of the Lake when I came upon him and without wasting words I smacked him hard across the face . +

+

`` You cheap bitch '' ! ! +I exclaimed . +`` You cheap , no good , two-timing bitch ! ! +You get a good , loyal husband -- smack ! ! +-- and you fall for a pass by his own nephew ! ! +You should -- smack ! ! +-- be ashamed of yourself . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/n19.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/n19.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c75efb40e61bdce8840355fafab569896c5d2b49 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/n19.xml @@ -0,0 +1,174 @@ +Sample N19 from David Jackson, "The English Gardens," Partisan Review, 28: 2 + (March-April, 1961), 216-221. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,055 words 389 (18.9%) quotesN19

Used by permission of Partisan Review & David Jackson. 0010-1760

 David Jackson, "The English Gardens," Partisan Review, 28: 2 + (March-April, 1961), 216-221. +

Typographical Error: with her hand poem again [1640]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

He had better write a postcard to Walter . +He opened the myth book again and there ( along the margin next to Robert Graves' imaginative interpretation of the creation of the Dactyls from Rhea's fingertips ) were the names of four Munich bars and Meredith Wilder's address . +The bars were marked as Walter had marked them in a small black book kept in a nearly secret drawer . +The code , which had probably something to do with sex or some other interest , Nicolas was determined to find out and put to use . +A card to Walter would get him an introduction to this Meredith , and that might be good for something . +Nicolas called on his muse , a line came back : +

+

`` Squaresville , man , and all the palazzos are crummy Palasts '' . +

+

That ought to draw a laugh , Nicolas reasoned , as he stored the line away on the wax tape that was his mind . +

+

And indeed , his postcard did draw from Walter a letter recommending his friend , the poet Nicolas Manas , to his friend Meredith Wilder . +Five days later , on receiving it , Meredith sat drumming his dactyls on his writing table . +Dammit ! ! +He inwardly cried . +

+

His hand was large and square and heavily tanned . +The voice crying in him was the voice of guilt . +His four weeks in Italy had turned into nearer three months . +He had returned to the pension a week ago . +Now , he was just in the late poems of Holderlin and therefore had most of the nineteenth century before him -- plus next semester's class preparation . +He was determined to spend an industrious summer . +Well , maybe Manas wouldn't call . +Meredith's fingers slowed and stopped over a line before him : Sie lacheln , die Schwarzen Hexen . +The menace of Manas gradually faded as Meredith asked himself should he translate it , ' How the dark fates laughed ' ? ? +Or , more rhythmically , ' The swarthy witches are laughing ' ? ? +And he missed the point that the swarthy witches might be laughing at him for hoping to escape Nicolas Manas . +

+

But Nicolas , too , was being interrupted , that morning . +

+

Not by the 11:00 sun which had spread a warmth around his spot of grass in the English Gardens and sent him off to sleep ; ; +but by a blond girl in a sweater and skirt who stood a few yards off and tenderly regarded him . +Should she wake him ? ? +She didn't have the heart . +Her heart , her maternal feeling , in fact her being was too busy expressing itself , as quietly thrilled by this sight of her Nicolas curled asleep under a blanket , in a park like a scene from Poussin . +She was just not able to break the spell . +( Would she have been able to had she known that the blanket belonged to a young ballet dancer Nicolas had found his first night in one of Walter's marked bars ? ? +Nicolas : `` Look , Nicolas doesn't go to bed with boys -- no sex , see ? ? +So if all these beers was to get me in bed , man , you just spent a lot of money '' . +Ballet dancer : Protests , tears , and `` take what you want , Nicolas , I am a dancer , you are a poet , it is all beautiful '' . +To this meek conjugation Nicolas had replied , `` O.K. I can use this blanket . +And when you get off this job tonight , well , you can gimme something to eat '' . +And , as a matter of fact , Nicolas had slept in the park only part of one night , when he discovered that Munich's early mornings even in summer are laden with dew . +He had always known how to find a bed , and on his own terms . +He used the blanket for late morning naps when hosts of the night had gone off to jobs and proved reluctant to leave him in their small rooms with their few possessions . +Mary Jane Lerner knew none of this . +) Her Nicolas lay curled in the sun like a fawn , black hair falling over his eyes . +She was telling herself that this might just be her reward at the end of a long meaningful search for truth . +This was surely a reunion in art , it was all that poetry promised . +

+

That long night with Nicolas and marijuana in Venice had opened her eyes . +His advice , his voice saying his poems , the fact that he had not so much as touched her -- on the contrary , he had put his head back and she had stroked his hair -- this was all new . +Her eyes had opened , she had caught a glimpse of a new faith . +

+

The next day he was gone . +

+

Mary Jane might not be the most intelligent woman , but she was one of the most determined . +Even so , it took her several days to force Walter to tell her Nicolas's whereabouts . +Packing a small suitcase , informing her husband whom she found in Harry's Bar that she was taking a train to Germany to get away for a while , patting his arm , refusing a drink , getting on the train -- all this had only taken her two hours . +She had arrived this morning and come straight to the English Gardens . +`` Dear girl '' , Walter had finally said , `` he writes me that he is sleeping in the English Gardens '' . +`` How like him '' ! ! +Mary Jane had smilingly said . +`` His address '' , Walter added , `` is that great foundling home , the American Express . +And I will greatly appreciate it if you will not tell your husband . +'' For the last half hour Mary Jane had criss-crossed half the length of the Gardens and , at last , come upon her knight . +His presence there , asleep in the grass , confirmed all that Mary Jane believed it was in his power to teach her : freedom from the tedium of needs such as hotels , the meaning of nature , how to live , simply , with the angels . +

+

She set down her suitcase . +Should she wake him ? ? +No . +Smiling , she sat down on the suitcase and waited and watched . +

+

The sun grew hotter as it approached the midday . +Nicolas was dreaming he had his head pressed against the dashboard of a speeding car . +He began sweating . +In his dream he cried , `` Slow down , for Chrissake '' ! ! +He half woke and rolled over with his face in the cooler grass . +His nose was tickled . +He sneezed . +He blew his nose expertly between his fingers . +He spit . +He half sat up and scratched at the hair on his forehead and then , more vigorously , between his legs . +He belched , he stretched . +

+

Mary Jane got up , quietly , and walked away . +

+

Twenty minutes later she was at the desk of the Grafin's pension , her tears dried , signing a hotel form and asking for a bath . +

+

Mary Jane belonged to a world acquainted with small attractive hotels and pensions in all the major and minor cities . +She had retreated to this world . +The Grafin , who was charmed by her , told her , `` Your sister who was here two years ago has quite dark hair . +Families are very interesting . +Nevertheless , there is no bath . +But a young American has a bath next to his room and I shall ask him if you might use it this once . +And then we shall see . +'' ( The Grafin was partial to the word shall . +

+

Meredith was irritated when the Grafin knocked at his door and told him , `` She is a great beauty ! ! +Shall we allow her not to have a bath ? ? +Actually , she is a sad beauty , I believe . +You shall see her at dinner '' . +Rather erotically he listened to the bath water running ; ; +when it stopped he began busily typing , sitting up in a virtuous way . +Before dinner , he shaved for the second time that day . +A thing he did not like doing , generally . +Singing into the mirror and his interested eyes , he was pleased to note , when he stripped for his own bath , that he still had the best part of his Italian sun tan . +He flexed his muscles for several minutes , got into the tub , and then grew self-conscious of splashing as he washed . +

+

In the small gallery used as the guests' dining room , Meredith sat down at his place and , as always , began teasing the young waitress . +He was asking had it been she who left the love note in his sheets ( she also served as maid ) when he saw the Grafin followed by a stately blond girl approaching his table . +It would be literary license calculated to glamorize life to say that he , oh , dropped his napkin , so startled was he by Mary Jane's beauty . +Yet he did drop his badinage with the ordinary country girl as much in deference to the Grafin as acknowledgement that here , indeed , was something special . +Mary Jane had made very little effort . +Above a dark green skirt she wore a pale green cashmere sweater with , as he soon perceived , no brassiere beneath . +Her white blond hair was clean and brushed long straight down to her shoulders . +Perhaps her eyes were larger and more of a summer blue for all they had seen and wept that day . +She had touched her face , truly a noble and pure face , only with a lip salve which made her lips glisten but no redder than usual . +The result was grace and modesty . +As she was rather tired this evening , her simple `` Thank you for the use of your bath '' -- when she sat down opposite him -- spoken in a low voice , came across with coolnesses of intelligence and control . +Meredith began falling in love . +

+

Soup : `` Only this morning '' ; ; +veal cutlets : `` Oh , I couldn't possibly eat all this '' ! ! +

+

Wine : `` Then you were typing poems this afternoon '' ? ? +

+

Fruit compote : `` If you think I would understand it '' ; ; +a smile . +

+

`` What a beautiful room . +Like as if it were built of books '' . +

+

Having opened the windows onto the terrace , lit the fire , translated the motto , Meredith grinned and took down a little triplet of books bound together in old calfskin . +Opening these he brought out a schnapps bottle and small gold thimble-sized glasses hidden inside it . +`` I think the maids tipple in the afternoon '' . +

+

`` Those sweet girls ? ? +Oh you're joking . +It tastes a little like poppyseed . +What's its name ? ? +Steinhager '' She whispered Steinhager to herself , several times , memorizing it . +`` Would you first read the poem aloud to me and then let me read it to myself '' ? ? +Meredith's voice was always deep , with rough bass notes in it ; ; +in reading , on platforms , even in the large auditorium of the Y.M.H.A. , Poetry Center nights , his voice was intimate , thoughtful , and a trifle shy . +His new poem , a love poem , told of a young husband leading his wife upstairs to the bedroom when the lights in the house have failed . +The husband points the steps out with his flashlight : `` Its white stare filling her pale eyes To the blind brim with appetite , Bleaching her hands that grazed my thighs And sent us from the table in surprise To let the dishes soak all night , '' ( Mary Jane asked herself if Meredith was blushing at this line , or was it the fire ? ? +) But he read on . +In the bedroom before the husband and wife find their way to the bed , the lights go on : `` In dull domestic radiance I watch her staring face , still blind , Start wincing in obedience To dirty waters , counters , pots and pans , Waiting below stairs , in her mind '' . +Mary Jane took the page from him and began reading it , moving her lips with the words . +`` Oh , it's that myth , about Orpheus and What is her name ? ? +I can never pronounce it '' . +She repeated `` Eurydice '' . +The third time rather urgently . +But with her hand poem again . +She raised her face and nodded , `` It's sweet , and very sad '' . +They discussed the way people never tell each other the things on their minds . +They finished the small bottle of Steinhager . +She confessed she was unhappy , he asked was it her husband ? ? +She began to explain , `` There was this poet , in Italy '' He interrupted , `` Please don't judge all poets '' . +They smiled . +

+

At her door , two or three hours later , Mary Jane whispered , `` Everyone is asleep '' . +Kissing her he whispered , several times , `` Eurydice '' . +The third time rather urgently . +But with her hand softly on his cheek for a last moment , she closed the door and he went back down the hall and into his bed excited , expectant , and finally faintly grinning with the feel of her hand against his mouth . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/n22.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/n22.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0806c203cc58597e7c33a2fe518b06ba934306f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/n22.xml @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +Sample N22 from Gordon Johnson, "A Matter of Curiosity," The Yale Review, + L: 4 (June, 1961), 556-560. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,006 words 195 (9.7%) quotes 2 symbolsN22

Used by permission of The Yale Review. 0010-1670

 Gordon Johnson, "A Matter of Curiosity," The Yale Review, + L: 4 (June, 1961), 556-560. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

`` I guess he spent the morning getting himself all organized , then headed for home . +Maybe to beat up on his squaw '' . +Benson looked up and saw Ramey's long head tilt forward to rub his chin on the stiff edge of the overall bib . +Ramey reached out with the tire iron and dislodged a chunk of mud that was caked on the spare tire rack . +

+

`` I'd like to know just which it is that those guys don't understand , the liquor or automobiles '' . +Somehow the thought of a simple man bewildered by things no one had ever really helped him understand moved the driver . +For a moment his hatred toward drunken or careless drivers softened . +Maybe the Indian wasn't too much at fault , Ramey thought . +Maybe he was only doing the best he knew how , like any of us . +Anyway , he doesn't deserve to lie there in the sun and be stared at . +

+

`` Ever see yourself spread out on the pavement , Benny '' ? ? +He said to his partner . +

+

`` You mean dream '' ? ? +

+

`` Not exactly . +Just see it '' . +Benson grinned and flipped a rock with his thumb like a marble . +

+

`` Nope , just you , all the time -- sometimes I think it's the only way I'll ever get a decent partner '' . +

+

Ramey smiled but he thought to himself , I always see me too . +Never Benny . +Whenever he saw someone lying in the dirt , Ramey wondered what the person had been thinking and he would try out thoughts in his own mind . +Then he would realize they were really things that only he himself could think . +With this realization , sometimes , he saw himself as he looked down . +

+

`` You seen him yet '' ? ? +Benson said , referring to the Indian . +

+

`` He wasn't in the car '' , Ramey said . +

+

`` You didn't go clear around '' , Benson said . +`` If you want to see something , he's back on the other side by the trunk of the car '' . +

+

`` Too long a waiting line '' , Ramey answered , pretending to joke . +

+

A few minutes later the insurance man , a road checker , drove up in the gray coupe with license plates on it from a far-away state . +It was a trick they used to try and conceal their identity when they followed trucks to check their speed . +Sometimes they just parked at the side of the road and used radar on the trucks as they passed . +All the drivers knew about the plates and they also knew about the big floppy straw hat with shredded edges , the kind natives in travel ads wear when they are out joyfully chopping cane . +Horsely , an agent on the east end , wore the hat , trying to look like a tourist . +It had always seemed strange to Ramey that to disguise himself as a tourist , an ex-truck driver like Horsely would merely pick something outlandish and put it on his head . +

+

The insurance man informed them that he had talked to Crumley who was all right and that he would watch the men's personal effects until they towed the rig back to town . +He chatted with Ramey and Benson for a minute or so in the meager shade of the trailer . +Every so often the diminishing sound of a car came under the trailer as it slowed down for the wreck then speeded up again as it got clear . +

+

When they were ready to leave , Benson and Ramey walked back around the rear of the trailer . +

+

`` There's a body you won't mind looking at '' , Benson said and they stopped . +She had driven up with her husband in a convertible with Eastern license plates , although the two drivers knew nothing at the moment about that . +She wore shorts and a loose terry-cloth shirt . +Slender and tanned , her dark brown hair was drawn straight back , simply . +

+

`` What outfit does she drive for '' ? ? +Benson said . +

+

Seeing her caused a lurch in Ramey , a recognition . +She might have been someone he had once loved . +He had never seen her before , but now he thought of the manner in which he and Benson went in and out of the cities , at each end of their run . +The truck routes , the industrial areas with walls grimed with diesel smoke passed briefly through his mind -- back alleys were their access to a city and they could never stay . +How would you ever see her again ? ? +The feeling subsided , it was only a small yearning . +Their work was lonely . +

+

`` What's she doing in this bunch '' ? ? +Benson said , and Ramey wondered how close their thoughts might have been . +

+

The girl looked around at the countryside . +Her glance swung past the trailer where the two drivers were standing . +It made only a tiny bump over the two men like a tire over a piece of gravel then moved on . +She began to watch a blonde-haired man , also in shorts , standing right at the rear of the wrecked car in the one spot that most of the crowd had detoured slightly . +What had caught his attention was obscured by the car itself , so that neither the girl nor the truck drivers could see , but Benson knew what it was . +The girl took a couple of steps toward the man in shorts when Benson , in that barefoot courtliness Ramey could never decide was real , said , `` You don't want to go around there , Ma'am '' . +The girl stopped but did not turn her head or acknowledge that someone had spoken to her . +

+

The man stood near the bent levi-clad body of the Indian who lay face down almost under the car . +The two drivers moved closer . +

+

`` What does he want , a spoon '' ? ? +Benson said to Ramey . +

+

One tiny detail in a happening can clog the memory and stick like meat in a crooked tooth , while the rest of the occurrence will go hazy and uncertain . +With Ramey it was a dusty work shoe that was half-off the Indian's foot that he would always remember . +The laces were broken at the bottom of the eyelets but there was still a bow knot at the top . +The slightest twitch would have parted the shoe entirely from the foot , yet the toes were still inside . +

+

The two men in overalls stood just behind the blonde-headed man . +He wore tennis shorts and a white sweater with a red V at the neck , the sleeves pushed above the elbows . +He turned and looked at them with clear blue eyes , immaculate eyes . +He was very tanned -- big hands might have torn him from a Coca-Cola poster . +

+

`` He's dead , isn't he '' ? ? +The man said . +He turned and bent over the body of the Indian . +There was nothing in particular on the man's face . +It was simply a matter of curiosity , a natural right to examine . +

+

`` What's this '' ? ? +The man said , backing up a step , still looking down . +His words were mostly to himself . +

+

`` Don't '' . +There was a gentle concern in Benson's voice . +Ramey looked down and saw the white sneaker at the bottom of the man's tanned leg cautiously nudge a bit of folded , blood-flecked substance lying by itself on the pavement . +

+

`` But what is it '' ? ? +The man said with a tone of impatience . +

+

But what is it ? ? +The man had spoken only once . +Ramey heard the words again inside , weakened , the way moving water sounds through a grove of trees , until he was not sure whether it was sound or light-headedness pressing in his ears . +

+

The sneaker reached out once more to tap against the mass and Ramey's vision darkened except for an unreasonable clarity of the man's leg . +Ramey saw sunlight touch the curly blonde hairs on the brown skin . +He stared at the shining , shining circles of hairs and heard the voice of his partner through trees , `` Don't do that , fella . +Them's brains '' . +

+

The man seemed to sink a little as Ramey brought the tire iron down on his shoulder and it seemed that the blonde head was turning as he hit the man again , with his fist . +Ramey swung and caught the man just to the left of his mouth . +It was a straight , solid , once-in-a-lifetime shot ; ; +he laid all four knuckles in between the man's cheekbone and his chin . +Ramey's fist and the air expelled from the man's collapsing cheek made a hollow pop in the air like cupped hands clapping together . +

+

The man took two short steps backward then sat down heavily on the pavement . +Ramey heard a cry from the girl and felt a slight pain somewhere in his hand . +As he watched the man sit suddenly , a detached part of his mind observed how very difficult it was , really , to knock a man off his feet . +He hadn't done it this time and he would never again hit anyone so hard . +

+

With a thoughtful look , the man sat on the pavement , legs straight out in front of him . +His arms hung like empty shirt sleeves , and his mouth was slightly open . +After what seemed several seconds , the open mouth grew dark inside then blood began to ooze from it . +The man brought one hand up slowly and the fingers fumbled across his face until he touched his mouth . +He moaned and pulled the hand away . +Even yet there was no realization in his eyes . +

+

Ramey could hear the crowd coming up rapidly behind him and the questioning voices coming over his shoulder had no identity or importance to him . +He did not look around . +

+

`` What happened '' ? ? +Someone said . +

+

`` He's hurt '' ! ! +A woman's voice said , and then he heard a sort of wail from the man's wife . +The man on the ground began to move ; ; +one of his hands flattened out on the pavement and supported him . +Blood dripped down the front of his sweater , soaking into a dark streak of dirt that ran diagonally across the white wool on his shoulder , as though the bright V woven into the neckline had melted , running a darker color . +

+

The girl kneeled by her husband with one arm at his back . +`` Can you hear , can you talk to me '' ? ? +She begged . +An incoherent , puzzled sound came from the red mouth . +The girl looked around quickly at several of the people . +None of the crowd had stepped forward to help . +Then she saw Ramey and her face was misshapen with bewilderment . +

+

`` Why did you do it -- why did you hit him '' ? ? +She said , her voice rising . +Ramey said nothing . +A shine in her eyes suddenly became tears and she turned back to her husband again . +

+

Behind Ramey feet scraped beneath sharp questioning whispers . +No one seemed to know for sure what had happened , nor was there any purpose or responsibility in the muttering feet and urgent voices behind the driver , beyond finding out . +

+

Ramey looked around and caught sight of his partner near the front end of the wrecked truck talking to the patrolman . +Benson moved his arms , gesturing with an unfamiliar vigor and talking rapidly . +Ramey caught a glimpse of the insurance man . +Some of the ruddiness was gone from his face and he stared at Ramey . +It's all over now , the driver thought as he saw the patrolman turn and walk rapidly down along the trailer toward them . +Ramey watched him coming with a vision as clean as the glare on the metal sides of the trailer . +He saw the dark sweat spots flip in and out of sight under the patrolman's swinging arms and in the leather holster that swaggered and rolled at the side of his stocky body , the sun left a smoky shine on the narrow strip of blue metal that ran between the horned handles of his pistol . +

+

`` All right , step back '' ! ! +The patrolman said to no one in particular as he pushed between the fat man in the baseball cap and a young boy in levis . +He walked straight up to the man sitting on the ground and bent over to look at him . +

+

`` You all right '' ? ? +

+

`` Mough -- it's my mough '' , the man said , trying to talk without moving his lips . +His brown face looked gray from dirt streaks where his hand had come off the dusty pavement and rubbed across it . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/n27.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/n27.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d193ee0bcbdabaa2d9a109162a0b83283d078f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/n27.xml @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ +Sample N27 from James Hines and James Morris, "Just Any Girl" Swank, 8: 6 + (January, 1961), 37, 66-68. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,027 words 377 (18.6%) quotesN27

Used by permission of Swank. 0010-1720

 James Hines and James Morris, "Just Any Girl" Swank, 8: 6 + (January, 1961), 37, 66-68. +

Arbitrary Hyphens: middle-aged [0540] low-heeled [0960]Typographical Errors: litle [0510] it [for is][1630] coud [1080]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

For several months now , Jack Carter , a big overgrown boy of fifteen with a fuzzy , pimpled face and greenish catlike eyes with a lot of red in them , had been haunted by a dream , a vision , of a Woman . +This Woman had no distinct shape or size and no particular face , but she radiated warmth , a sweet warmth ; ; +she would talk to him in a soothing voice about things his mother would have said were not nice and put her hands on him and kiss him passionately . +When she would do these things , he would turn blind for an instant and become sick at his stomach . +Then he would run to the toilet behind the house . +Sometimes he did this three or four times a day , for this Woman was almost always with him . +He would feel ashamed each time and wonder whether his mother and father knew -- thinking they might see it in his eyes or smell it on him . +But they never said anything , so he figured it was all right . +

+

And so when Miss Langford came to teach at the one-room Chestnut school , where Jack was a pupil in the eighth grade , the Woman of Jack's mind assumed the teacher's face and figure . +He could not keep his eyes off her when at school ; ; +when he went home at night , he took her with him in his mind , and she did the things the anonymous Woman used to do , and he did the thing afterwards each time as he used to do . +When he awoke in the mornings , she was in his mind and he could hardly wait to get to school to be near her in the flesh . +

+

Miss Langford ( her first name was Evelyn ) was an attractive girl . +Tall , blonde , blue-eyes , fair , buxom without being heavy , she cut a fine figure of budding womanhood as she swished among the pupils in her fresh , starched summer dress . +Something was beginning to stir and come alive in her , too ( it may have been there for a good while , since she was twenty now ; ; +but if it had been , it had been smothered until now by fear ) : you could tell it by the way she watched the older , bigger boys , like Jack . +She would look at Jack , with that hidden something in her eyes , and Jack would see the Woman and become breathless and a little sick . +

+

School began in August , the hottest part of the year , and for the first few days Miss Langford was very lenient with the children , letting them play a lot and the new ones sort of get acquainted with one another . +The first two or three days they went home early . +

+

All , that is , except Jack . +He hung around the schoolhouse , watching through a window from outside while Miss Langford straightened desks and put the room in order . +Once ( this was on the third day of school ) she kneeled down to pick up some books where they'd dropped on the floor and Jack looked up her dress -- at the bare expanse of incredibly white leg . +He thought for a moment his heart had stopped beating . +About that time Miss Langford straightened up and looked out the window directly at him , he thought , although probably she didn't even see him . +He jumped back , ducked and ran , crouching , down the hill away from the school . +

+

He didn't look back and he ran until he was out of sight of the schoolhouse and out of breath ; ; +then he slowed to a walk . +The vision became even stronger now . +`` I'll get her yet '' , he muttered to himself . +`` I've got to get her '' . +That night he dreamed a dream violent with passion , in which he and the Woman , now the teacher , did everything except engage in the act ( and this probably only because he had never engaged in the act in reality ) , and when he awoke the next morning his heart was afire . +

+

He ate litle that morning , and his mother became concerned , inasmuch as he usually ate heartily . +

+

`` What's the matter , honey '' ? ? +She said , with the solicitude of a middle-aged woman for her only child . +`` Aren't you hungry '' ? ? +

+

`` No , I'm not hungry '' , he said , pushing back the bacon and eggs . +Outside it was already hot at 7:30 A.M. , and it was getting hot in the kitchen . +He felt a little sick at his stomach . +

+

`` Are you sick '' ? ? +

+

`` No '' , he said . +`` I'll be all right . +I guess it's this hot weather '' . +

+

`` Don't you play hard today then . +And if you get sick , ask the teacher to let you come home early . +Daddy left the car for me , and I'm going to town this afternoon '' . +

+

`` OK. , I won't play hard '' , he promised . +

+

Just then Charles Lever yelled , `` Hey , Jack '' , from the quarry road which ran behind the Carter house , and Jack grabbed the lunch from the table and darted out the kitchen door , yelling `` Good-bye , Mom '' over his shoulder . +

+

`` Whaddya say , boy '' ? ? +Charles said , grinning , showing his huge yellow teeth . +Charles , also fifteen , was tall and skinny , scraggly , with straight black hair like an Indian's and sharp brown eyes . +He considered himself handsome and seemed to think all the girls were after him . +

+

`` You know what I done last night '' ? ? +Charles said as they picked their way over the rocky road which led up the hill away from the Dixie Highway , through a corn field and a patch of woods to the school . +

+

Jack knew of course that the tale to be unfolded would involve a girl and probably be dirty , because girls were Charles' only apparent interest . +But Jack always derived vicarious sensual thrills from Charles' revelations ( even when he suspected his friend of exaggeration or invention ) , so he usually invited them , as he did now . +`` No . +What '' ? ? +

+

`` I got Margaret Rider in one of them old box cars down there by the quarry '' . +

+

A nude imaginary picture of Miss Langford flashed across Jack's mind . +His heart beat faster . +`` Hell you say '' ? ? +He said , lapsing into the profanity he often used when away from his parents and especially when he was with Charles . +`` How'd you do it '' ? ? +

+

`` Hell , I jist got on top of -- '' +

+

`` No , I mean how'd you get her to do it '' ? ? +

+

`` Hell , I jist ask her '' . +

+

`` Jist like that '' ? ? +

+

`` Hell , yes . +She's been hangin' around me a lot here lately , and I figgered I might as well's try it . +Besides I heard her old uncle that stays there has been doin' it '' . +

+

`` I never heard that '' . +

+

`` It's all over Branchville . +If you'd get out of your back yard once in a while you might even get her your ownself '' . +

+

`` I might try it one of these days '' , Jack said wonderingly , thinking of Miss Langford . +

+

When they reached the school , a gang of boys and girls were already there playing `` crack the whip '' in front of the schoolhouse . +Miss Langford , in a fresh white dress and low-heeled white sandals , without socks , was out there with them , trying to get them inside . +

+

`` Time for books '' , she yelled , jingling a little five-and-dime store bell in her right hand . +`` Let's go inside '' . +

+

`` Oh , come on Miss Langford , play with us just onct '' , one of the little girls begged , smiling wistfully . +

+

`` No , not now '' , said the teacher . +`` Maybe at dinner time . +Come inside now '' . +

+

The children grudgingly stopped playing then and straggled into the schoolhouse . +

+

Jack watched Miss Langford all morning . +He could think of nothing else save his mental image of her nude figure and what Charles had said that morning about Margaret Rider . +Occasionally he would look across the aisle at Margaret , fourteen and demure in a fresh green organdy dress , sitting in the sixth-grade row , and he could hardly believe she would do what Charles had said she did . +

+

At noontime , remembering what the teacher had said about maybe playing with the kids , Jack stayed close to the schoolhouse while all the other big boys , except Charles , went off out the road to play ball . +`` Why ain't you playin' ball '' ? ? +He asked Charles suspiciously as they sat in the well-house shade , watching the girls congregate in front of the schoolhouse . +`` Miss Langford , come out and play with us like you promised '' , several of the little girls called . +

+

`` I'd druther stay here and watch the girls '' , Charles grinned . +`` Maybe some of 'em will fall down and we'll see up their dress '' . +

+

`` Maybe '' , Jack said idly , watching for Miss Langford . +

+

Presently she came out of the schoolhouse . +When she appeared , two or three of the little girls jumped up and down , yelling , `` Goody , goody '' . +

+

`` Let's play with 'em '' , Jack said , rising from where he sat on the ground and dusting off his overall pants . +

+

`` O.K. '' Charles rose also , and the two of them moved over to join the girls . +

+

They played crack the whip a few minutes without mishap . +Then when Miss Langford was on the end of the line of girls , Jack , in the middle of the line , gave an extra hard pull and the young teacher sprawled backwards , sitting down hard , her dress flying over her head . +While she was struggling to get her skirt down and get on her feet again , Jack ran over , offered her his hand and said , `` Gosh , I'm sorry , Miss Langford . +I didn't mean to pull so hard '' . +

+

`` That's all right '' , she said , tossing her head back to get the hair out of her eyes . +`` It was my fault '' . +With one hand she held her skirt down while she took Jack's extended hand with the other . +When her hand touched his , fire went through Jack and he felt weak , but he managed somehow to get her on her feet . +He thought she gave him that look with the hidden something in it as he let her hand go . +

+

`` Thank you '' , she said , dusting herself off . +

+

`` Will you play with us again , Miss Langford '' ? ? +One of the little girls said . +

+

`` No more today . +Maybe some other day '' . +

+

`` Oh , shucks '' , the girl said . +`` I don't believe I'll play any more neither '' . +

+

`` Me neither '' , others said , and soon the game broke up , the children going off in pairs , in larger groups and alone . +

+

Jack walked off alone out the road in the searing midday sun , past Robert Allen's three-room , tarpapered house , toward the field where the other boys were playing ball , thinking of what he would do in order to make Miss Langford have him stay in after school -- because this was the day he had decided when he thought he saw the look in her eyes . +

+

When he came back to the schoolhouse , his mind was made up . +He simply would not work his arithmetic problems when the teacher held his class . +That should do it , he thought , because Miss Langford had said she was going to be strict about school work . +He had considered throwing erasers or flipping paperwads at someone or pulling the hair of the girl sitting in front of him , but he couldn't take a chance on either of these possibilities : the teacher probably would make him stand face-to-wall in a corner instead of stay in after school . +

+

The only drawback now to the plan he'd decided on was that someone else might fail to do his work , too , and the teacher would have that person stay late along with Jack . +`` But I've got to take a chance on it '' , he told himself desperately . +

+

To his surprise his plan worked perfectly . +`` All right , if you can't do your arithmetic during school hours you can do it after school is out '' , Miss Langford said firmly , not smiling . +`` You will stay here thirty minutes after the others go home this afternoon and work your problems '' . +

+

And so when the others stampeded out that afternoon Jack remained docilely in his seat near a window , looking out in what he hoped was a pitiable manner , while the other kids laughed and yelled in at him and made faces as they dispersed , going home . +He scarcely saw them . +His heart was pounding like a mighty dynamo and he was trying to think , his mind seeming to scream at him like a hurt or frightened child , `` How will I do it ? ? +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/p01.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/p01.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5b65d4e4f88a9c8d64478403937f76c952d67e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/p01.xml @@ -0,0 +1,171 @@ +Sample P01 from Octavia Waldo, A Cup of the Sun. + New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1961. Pp. 8-14. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,034 words 116 (5.7%) quotesP01

Copyright1961 by Octavia Waldo. Used by permission of

 Octavia Waldo, A Cup of the Sun. + New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1961. Pp. 8-14. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

They neither liked nor disliked the Old Man . +To them he could have been the broken bell in the church tower which rang before and after Mass , and at noon , and at six each evening -- its tone , repetitive , monotonous , never breaking the boredom of the streets . +The Old Man was unimportant . +

+

Yet if he were not there , they would have missed him , as they would have missed the sounds of bees buzzing against the screen door in early June ; ; +or the smell of thick tomato paste -- the ripe smell that was both sweet and sour -- rising up from aluminum trays wrapped in fly-dotted cheesecloth . +Or the surging whirling sounds of bats at night , when their black bodies dived into the blackness above and below the amber street lights . +Or the bay of female dogs in heat . +

+

They never called him by name , although he had one . +Filippo Rossi , that's what he was called in the old country ; ; +but here he was just Signore or the Old Man . +But this was not unusual , because youth in these quarters was always pushed at a distance from its elders . +Youth obeyed when commanded . +It went to church on Sunday and one Saturday a month went to confession . +But youth asked nothing of its parents -- not a touch of the hand or a kiss given in passing . +

+

The only thing unusual about the Old Man had long since happened . +But the past was dead here as the present was dead . +Once the Old Man had had a wife . +And once she , too , ignored him . +With a tiny fur-piece wrapped around her shoulders , she wiggled her satin-covered buttocks down the street before him and didn't stop . +In one hand she clutched a hundred dollar bill and in the other a straw suitcase . +The way she strutted down the street , the Old Man would have been blind not to have noticed both . +Without looking at him , without looking at anything except Drexel Street directly in front of her , she climbed up into one of those orange streetcars , rode away in it , and never came back . +

+

`` But she shouldn't have come here in the first place '' , the women had said . +

+

`` No , no . +Not that one . +She thought she was bigger than we are because she came from Torino '' . +

+

`` Eh , Torino ! ! +She gave herself fancy airs ! ! +Just because she had a part on the stage in the old country , she thought she could carry her head higher than ours '' . +They had slapped their thighs . +

+

`` It's not for making pretty speeches about Dante those actresses get paid so good '' . +

+

`` Henh '' ! ! +Calloused fingers , caressed only by the smoothness of polished rosaries , had swayed excitedly beneath puckered chins where tiny black hairs sprouted , never to be tweezed away . +Mauve-colored mouths that had never known anything sweeter than the taste of new wine and the passion of man's tongue had not smiled , but had condemned again and again . +`` Puttana '' ! ! +

+

But if the Old Man even thought about his wife now , nobody cared a fig . +It was enough for people to know that at one time he had looked down the street at the fleshy suppleness of a woman he had consumed -- watching her become thinner and thinner in the distance , as thin as the seams on her stockings , and still thinner . +His voice had not commanded her to stop . +It had not questioned why . +The women said they had seen him wave an exhausted farewell ; ; +but he might have been shooing away the fleas that hopped from his yellow dog onto him . +( He was never without that dog . +) And his eyes -- those miniature sundials of variegated yellow -- had not altered their expression or direction . +The Old Man's very soul could have left him and flown down that street , but he wouldn't have had anyone know it . +

+

Perhaps he had known then where that hundred dollar bill had come from and where it was taking his wife . +But when he called for his withered , wrinkled sister Rose to care for him and the children , had he guessed that all he would remember of his woman was the memory of her climbing into that streetcar ? ? +

+

There seemed to be a contemptuous purpose in the way he sat there with his eyes glued to Drexel Street and his back in opposition to the church behind him . +For all he saw or cared to see , this could have been a town in Italy , not the outskirts of Philadelphia . +It could have been Bari or Chieti for the way it smelled . +What did it matter to him that the park at the foot of Ash Road stretched beneath elevated trains that roared from the stucco station into the city's center at half-hour intervals ? ? +Or that the tiny creek spun its silent course toward the Schuylkill ? ? +This place was hatred to him , just as hatred was his only companion in his aloneness . +To him they were one and the same . +

+

Sameness for the Old Man was framed in by a wall of ginkgo trees which divided these quarters from the city . +Sameness lined the streets with two-story houses the color of ash . +It slashed the sloping manure-scented lawns with concrete steps which climbed upward to white wooden porches . +It swayed with the wicker swings and screeched with the rusted hinges of screen doors . +

+

Even the stable-garage , which housed nothing now but the scent of rot , had a lawn before it . +And the coffee shop on Drexel Street , where the men spent their evenings and Sundays playing cards , had a rose hedge beneath its window . +The hedge reeked of coffee dregs thrown against it . +

+

Only one house on the street had no lawn before it . +It squatted low and square upon the sidewalk with a heavy iron grating supporting a glass facade . +That was Bartoli's shop . +Above it , from a second-story showroom , wooden angels surveyed the neighborhood . +Did the Old Man remember them there ? ? +

+

Yet everywhere else sameness was stucco and wood in square blocks -- like fortresses perched against the slant of the hill , rising with the hill to the top where the church was and beyond that to the cemetery . +Only paved alleyways tunneled through the walls of those fortresses into the mysterious core of intimacy behind the houses where backyards owned no fences , where one man's property blended with the next to form courtyards in which no one knew privacy . +Love and hatred and fear were one here , shaded only by fig trees and grape vines . +And the forked tongue of gossip licked its sinister way from back porch to back porch . +

+

The Old Man silently fed upon these streets . +They kept him alive , waiting . +Waiting for what and for whom , only he could tell and would not . +It was as though he had made a pact with the devil himself , but it was not yet time to pay the price . +He was holding out for something . +He was determined to hold out . +

+

The Old Man's son threw himself down , belly first , upon a concrete step , taking in the coolness of it , and dreaming of the day he would be rich . +At fifteen he didn't care that he had no mother , that he couldn't remember her face or her touch ; ; +neither did he care that Aunt Rose provided for him . +

+

He was named Pompeii as a tribute to his heritage , and he couldn't have cared less about that either . +To him life was a restless boredom that began with the rising sun and ended only with sleep . +

+

When he would be a man , he would be a rich man . +He would not be like the `` rich Americans '' who lived in white-columned houses on the other side of the park . +He would not ride the eight-thirty local to the city each morning . +He would not carry a brief case . +Nor would he work at all . +He would square his shoulders and carry a cane before each step . +He would sit inside the coffee shop and pound a gloved fist upon the table and a girl would hear him and come running , bowing with her running , calling out in her bowing , `` At your service '' . +He would order her to bring coffee , and would take from his vest pocket a thin black pipe which he would stuff -- he would not remove his gloves -- and light and smoke . +He could do that when he would be a man . +

+

`` Hey , Laura '' ! ! +He called to his sister on the porch above the steps . +She was only ten months older than he . +`` Laura , what would you say if I smoked a pipe '' ? ? +

+

Laura did not answer him . +She leaned unconcerned against the broken porch fence , brushing and drying her wet , gilded hair in the sun . +One lithe leg straddled the railing and swung loosely before the creaking , torn pales . +Her tanned foot , whose arch swept high and white , pointed artfully toward tapering toes -- toes like fingers , whose tips glowed white . +All the while she sat there , her sinewy arms swirled before her chest . +

+

Her face showed no sign of having heard Pompeii . +It was a face that had lost its childlike softness and was beginning to fold within its fragile features a harshness that belied the lyric lines of its contours . +The eyes , blue and always somewhat downcast , possessed a sullen quality . +Even though the boy could not see them , he knew they were clouded by distance . +He was never sure they fully took him in . +

+

Pompeii called again , `` Laura '' ! ! +But the only answer that reached him was the screeching of the porch rail from her leg moving against it . +

+

`` She's in a mood '' , he thought `` There's not a month she doesn't get herself in a mood '' . +

+

Well , what did that matter when the sun was shining and there were dreams to dream about ? ? +And as for his pipe , if he wanted to smoke one , nobody would stop him . +Not even Laura . +

+

Suddenly he was interrupted in his daydreaming by a warm wetness lapping against his chin , and his eyes opened wide and long at the sight of a goat's claret tongue , feasting against the salt taste of him . +Above the tongue , an aged yellow eye , sallow and time-cast , encrusted within a sphere of marbleized pink skin , stared unfalteringly at him . +

+

`` Christ sake , goat , git '' ! ! +But the goat would not . +

+

`` You're boiling milk , ain't you '' ? ? +Soothing it with his hand , knowing the whiskered jowls and the swollen smoothness of teats that wrinkled expectantly to his touch . +Pompeii rolled over . +His head undulated gradually , covering space , to come straining beneath the taut belly within the warmth of those teats . +With his mouth opened wide , he squirted the warm white milk against the roof of his mouth and his tongue savored the light , earthy taste of it . +The boy's fingers and mouth operated with the skilled unity of a bagpipe player , pressing and pulling , delighting in what he did . +

+

Above him slid the evasive shadow of a storm cloud . +Its form was a heavy figure in a fluttering soutane . +But the boy could see only the goat's belly . +

+

The Old Man near the corner let the shadow pass over him , sensing something portentous in it . +He knew it was there , knew also what it was about , but he wouldn't raise a finger except to smooth his yellow dog's back . +There would be time enough , perhaps the Old Man reassured himself , to pay the devil his due . +Time enough to give up his soul . +

+

In the meantime , six sandals , stained an ocher , the same color as Pompeii's shaved hair , edged up close to him . +The clapping they made on the concrete interrupted him in the ecstatic pleasure he knew , so that he quickly released his hold on the goat and pretended to be examining its haunches for ticks . +

+

He knew at a glance that the biggest sandals belonged to Niobe , the neatest ones to Concetta , and the laced ones to Romeo , Concetta's idiot brother . +Pompeii expected Romeo's small body to sink closer and closer to the ground . +He expected Concetta's thin hand to reach down to grasp the boy , and her shrill , impetuous voice to sound against the rotundity of his disfigured flesh that was never sure of hearing anything . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/p04.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/p04.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68055bea4310ce518586ecd6b640fd5dd4d294e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/p04.xml @@ -0,0 +1,188 @@ +Sample P04 from B. J. Chute, The Moon and the Thorn. + New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1961. Pp. 34-41. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,141 words 322 (15.0%) quotesP04

Copyright1961 by B. J. Chute. Used by permission of E. P. + Dutton & Co., Inc. 0010-1880

 B. J. Chute, The Moon and the Thorn. + New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1961. Pp. 34-41. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

`` He must have forgiven me '' , Henrietta murmured to the room . +The absolution of Doaty's last will and testament was proof enough of that ; ; +Doaty would never have left her house to a godless woman . +

+

She found herself wishing an old wish , that she had told Doaty she was running away , that she had left something more behind her than the loving , sorry note and her best garnet pin . +Perhaps Doaty had guessed already and kept her counsel . +

+

Henrietta thought , It's extraordinary how much she always knew about both of us . +There had been more to know about Hetty , inevitably , and most of it unfavorable . +Adelia was the good one , or , if not always good , less frequently tempted . +Their childhood would have been quite circumspect without Hetty's flair for drama , especially through the long summers . +In winter , in the city , there had been the Maneret School , which taught excellently with a kind of austere passion for knowledge ; ; +there had been lessons in French from a small Polish nobleman with a really profound distaste for his pupils ; ; +there had been the dancing class -- Miss Craddock , thin and tireless , with her supervising wand and her everlasting one-two-three , one-two-three . +There had been supper parties and teas , fetes and little balls , Mama small and pretty and gay and Papa enormously jocular , enormously possessive , the sun around which the Blackwell planets revolved . +

+

Mama had died before the corruption of the family circle , the interruption of Charles . +It was safe to assume that Papa , sighing heavily , had said many times to his remaining daughter , `` Thank God your poor mother was spared this '' , and indeed it might be true that it had been easier for Henrietta to leave , with her hand in Charles' hand , just because her `` poor mother '' was gone already and would never know . +Mama was vulnerable ; ; +one had always felt the need to make a safe world around her . +

+

But I would have gone anyway , thought Henrietta . +She had always been able to ignore the moral question because there had been no choice . +Only at this moment -- perhaps because it was before dawn and she was lying in Doaty's bed -- she found herself examining how others might regard her . +Perhaps they would argue that morality consisted just of that ability to see a choice . +

+

She turned on her side , finding the idea oppressive . +If Adelia had felt about someone as Henrietta felt about Charles , would she have run away with him ? ? +

+

Impossible to imagine Adelia feeling so about anyone . +No temptation , no sin . +

+

No temptation , no virtue ? ? +

+

A curious thought to end a curious night . +The birds were really awake now in a colloquy of music , and light was beginning to creep across the room , touching sill and door , table and chair and all of Doaty's flowers in their artificial blossom and leaf . +

+

Before anything else , she would go to Doaty's grave with flowers from Doaty's forgotten garden . +Everything must wait upon this mission , this sentimental duty of a pilgrim whose nature avoided graveyards . +She closed her eyes , remembering the small French cemetery , enclosed by stone walls . +It had always seemed to rain there , and even the grass was gray . +

+

After the sad impatient moment , waiting for comfort which could not come , she slipped out of bed and went to the open window . +The garden below was lacy with dew and enchanting in its small wildness . +Leaning out , she could see a tangle of rosebush and honeysuckle , one not quite come to bloom , one just beyond it . +On a thrusting spray thick with thorns and dewdrops and swelling pink buds , like a summer Valentine , a bird balanced and sang , nondescriptly brown and alive with its own music , a little engine of song . +

+

It was so pretty and artless that she felt like a child again and would have enjoyed running out barefoot to play on the wet grass with all the growing things , but Doaty never permitted bare feet and she was decidedly not a child but une femme d'un certain age . +Feeling suddenly neat and subdued , she dressed quite soberly and went downstairs . +

+

Rosa , unbelievably , was not yet up and about , reassurance that Rosa was human . +Feeling protective toward this sleeping being , Henrietta found a yesterday bun and milk in a white jug , a breakfast which was somewhat the equivalent of going barefoot . +

+

Outside , the garden , the tame wilderness , yielded a patchwork bouquet of daisies , sweet william , scented stock and lady's bedstraw , which she tied with long grasses and took back to show Rosa , who was now stirring about the kitchen and haranguing Folly . +The poodle came gleefully to Henrietta and begged for the flowers , supplicating the air with prayerful forepaws . +

+

Henrietta held her bouquet out of reach and said it was for Doaty . +`` Rummaging in the dew '' , said Rosa coldly . +`` Go change your shoes before you turn around '' . +She sounded so exactly like Doaty that Henrietta obeyed her under the clear impression that she could either comply or stay home . +Folly danced , eager for whatever lay beyond the door . +

+

To a Blackwell , there was only one church . +The cemetery slumbered just behind it , and the way lay through the village and close to the sea . +For the first time in thirty years , Henrietta walked down the narrow street with its shuttered shops just stirring and its inhabitants eying her with the frankest curiosity . +She smiled and bowed , recalling the princess-in-a-carriage feeling she had enjoyed when she was a child . +Now , some of the acknowledgments were cautious , but all were interested . +

+

An old man , sitting against the wall of a cottage and waiting for the sun to find him , gave her a more than reflective look as she passed , the sap still plainly rising in his branches . +On an impulse , she turned back and said good morning . +

+

He cupped his ear and shook his head at her repetition , announcing in a nettled way that he had heard her the first time . +He then offered his own estimate of the weather , which was unenthusiastic . +`` Summer's been slow to come '' , he said . +`` It's my dryin' out time '' . +He scowled at her flowers . +

+

`` I'm taking them to the cemetery '' , said Henrietta , out of a vague feeling of hospitality . +

+

`` They'll be takin' me next '' , he said pleasantly , `` but not so soon's they plan . +See half of 'em in their graves before I choose my own coffin . +It's dryin' myself out that does it '' . +He regarded her with rising hope . +`` You'd like to hear how I go about it '' . +

+

`` It's nice of you '' , Henrietta said doubtfully . +

+

`` Y're welcome '' . +He straightened himself , soldierly against the wall , and pulled his sprawled feet together so they stood side by side in their old boots . +His stick ceased to be a thing to rest his chin on and became a pointer for emphasizing the finer aspects of his text . +`` Every month , f'r three days '' , he said happily , `` I take no water into my system , no water whatsoever . +It rests the tissues '' . +

+

Henrietta murmured that she could quite see how it would , and he nodded approval of her womanly good sense . +`` Rests the tissues '' , he said , `` and pacifies the system . +My dad did it , and he lived to a great age '' . +He looked up at her sharply . +`` Don't remember , do you '' ? ? +

+

She did suddenly , through the link of memory with his father , old Titus , who must have been in his nineties when Henrietta ran away . +Next to the Blackwells , Titus had owned the island most , and she and Adelia had often stood in front of him , silenced by his terrible years -- a scanty man with a thin beard and very deep-set blue eyes like a mariner , more aged than possible . +He had never spoken once to the awed sisters , but his son had been friendly , a big fellow of fifty or more , a fishing-boat captain and powerful like the sea . +It must be that son who sat before her now , shriveled to half his size and half his senses . +

+

She said gently , `` Of course I remember you '' . +

+

`` Not so well's I remember you '' , he said . +`` Y're the young Blackwell woman . +Ran away on a black night with a lawful wedded man . +I know all about you '' . +

+

`` You do seem to '' , said Henrietta , impressed . +

+

`` Can't blame a man for leavin' his wife '' , he said quite cheerfully . +`` Left mine many a time , only she never knew it . +Man in a boat , there's a lot of places he can put in at and a lot of reasons he can be away for a bit . +Any harm in that '' ? ? +

+

`` Probably '' , said Henrietta dryly . +

+

He gave a short hard laugh and looked at her knowingly . +`` You'd be the one to say '' , he observed , and she found herself liking his approval none too well , but she could not defend herself and say that her actions were `` different '' , since all actions had their own laws . +Only , this old man's connivance was even less to her taste than Selma Cotter's open censure . +Well , she had not come back to Great Island to be understood , praised or condemned . +She had come to make her peace with the past , and of that past this ancient of the earth was only a kind of shadow . +

+

She started to move away , just as a woman came out of the cottage , a big-boned , drab-haired figure with a clean apron tied over her limp print dress . +She smiled vaguely at Henrietta and spoke to the old man . +`` You've not had your breakfast yet , gran'dad '' . +

+

`` Y'r dam' porridge is no breakfast '' , he said . +`` Milk and sops '' ! ! +He beat the air with his stick , and it fell from his claws and clattered on the stones . +

+

`` He's lowly today '' , his grand-daughter said wearily , and bent to pick it up . +`` He's got this idea about drying out '' +

+

`` It ain't an idea '' ! ! +

+

`` If it ain't an idea '' , she said , `` how comes it you can drink beer but not water '' ? ? +

+

He looked piously to heaven and said , `` Beer don't affect the tissues none '' , and the ingenious hypocrisy of this defense pleased Henrietta so that she forgave him his stint of malevolence . +

+

His grand-daughter sighed . +`` Come on , do . +The children are eating , and Miss Blackwell's on her way somewheres '' . +

+

`` To the graveyard . +Who ain't '' ? ? +

+

`` Not me . +I've got a day's work to do . +-- You'll be visiting Miss Doaty , Ma'am '' ? ? +

+

Henrietta nodded . +How much they knew about her ! ! +

+

The woman ( she must have been a tiny baby when Hetty and Delia had stood arm in arm , watching great age grow small ) answered the nod with her own . +`` God rest her soul , she was a sweet one . +Come on now '' . +She put a strong hand under the old man's arm and lifted him up , patiently , with the gentle cruelty and necessary tyranny that the young show toward the very old . +He mumbled at her but let himself be led off inside the house , shuffling mightily to make it clear how weak and aged he was and how he was buffeted about by those who still had their wicked strength . +

+

There was a gabble of voices from indoors , young hungry sounds like cats after fish , and a burst of swearing from the old man . +Henrietta looked down at her bouquet , still lively with its color and scent , and set her feet on their journey's way again , leaving the village street and crossing the first field , Folly dancing ahead of her . +

+

At the edge of the field , the wild rolling land took over , dotted with fat round bushes like sheep . +They were covered with tiny white blossoms , their scant roots clawing at the stony ground , and wild birds darted in and about and through them so they were nearly alive with the rustle and cry . +

+

The air was full of sounds too but placid ones , a terrestrial humming as much out of the earth as out of the blue sky . +She felt mindless , walking , and almost easy until the church spire told her she was near the cemetery , and she caught herself wondering what she would say to Doaty . +

+

Both church and graveyard were smaller than she remembered them ( how many things had lessened while she was gone away ) but the headstones had grown so thick in thirty years that to find one named `` Dorothy Tredding '' seemed suddenly impossible . +

+

She sat down on the nearest , fallen with age and gray with sea-damp , her fingers tracing the indecipherable carved letters padded with green moss . +The day's sun was gathering its strength in gold , and she wished she had brought her parasol , if only to shade Doaty's flowers . +A small , rock-carved angel watched her from a nearby tomb , the only angel in the cemetery . +

+

She remembered , suddenly , a night of savage moonlight and scudding clouds when she and Adelia , having dared each other , had stolen out of their great safe house and come here , hand in hand , hoping and fearing ghosts . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/p05.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/p05.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..49a52dd242809341fff7f7c9d377c462c0e19f3c --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/p05.xml @@ -0,0 +1,167 @@ +Sample P05 from Allen R. Bosworth, The Crows of Edwina Hill. + New York: Harper & Brothers, 1961. Pp. 26-31. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,008 words 118 (5.9%) quotesP05

Used by permission of Allan R. Bosworth. 0010-1740

 Allen R. Bosworth, The Crows of Edwina Hill. + New York: Harper & Brothers, 1961. Pp. 26-31. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

The Momoyama family had come from Miyagi Prefecture , in the northeast of the main Japanese island of Honshu , where there are still traces of the mysterious Ainu strain . +The Ainus were a primitive people , already living on the island before the principal ancestors of the Japanese came from Southern Asia . +Apparently they were of Caucasian blood . +They had white skins and blue eyes ; ; +all their men were bearded , and many of their women were beautiful . +A pitiful few of them are left now , to subsist mainly on the tourist trade and to sing their ancient tribal chants , which have the same haunting sadness as the laments of the American Indians . +Most of them have been assimilated , but sometimes a man in Miyagi or Akita prefectures is much more hairy than the average Japanese , and occasionally a girl will be strikingly lovely , her coloring warmed and improved by a little of the tawny honey-in-the-sun tint of the invaders from the South . +

+

Tommy Momoyama was one of these fortunate occasions . +She was taller than most Japanese girls , and had the exquisitely willowy form of the Japanese girl who is lucky enough to be tall . +Her nose was higher of bridge , her complexion so pale as to be quite susceptible to sunburn , and the fish and vegetable diet of her forebears had given her teeth that were white and regular and strong . +Her mouth , soft and full , was something for any man to dream about . +She had black eyes , long and intriguingly tilted , and the way she walked was melody . +

+

She had been in Japan just one week . +It was an alien land , and she hated it intensely ; ; +she was already considering putting in rebellious requests for duty at San Diego , Bremerton , the Great Lakes , Pensacola -- any place the Navy had a hospital -- with a threat to resign her commission if the request were not granted . +Anywhere would be better than the land of her ancestors . +

+

There was nothing wrong with her job . +Tommy had been assigned to the psychopathic ward . +There were no depressingly serious cases : the ward doctor sometimes teamed up with the chaplain to serve as a marriage counselor -- sometimes the Navy sent people back to the States to preserve a marriage -- but mental health as a rule was very high . +At present the doctor's main concern was in seeing to it that Japanese salvage firms were not permitted to operate on the hulks of warships sunk too close inshore , because the work involved setting off nerve-shattering blasts at all hours . +Tommy was interested in psychiatry , because there was much an understanding nurse could do to help the patients . +

+

But she suffered in her off-duty hours . +Such as now , when she sat at a table in the coffee shop at the Officers' Club , having coffee and a hamburger to sustain her until dinnertime . +She had changed into a cocktail dress , and the whole evening should have been before her , but already she was beginning to get a tight feeling at the back of her neck . +This was one of the Navy's crossroads -- you find them all around the world . +Ships from the West Coast rotated on six-month tours of duty with the Seventh Fleet , and Yokosuka was the Seventh Fleet's principal port for maintenance , upkeep and shore liberty . +Sooner or later , all the gray Navy ships came in here ; ; +if Tommy sat long enough , she would be sure to see all the young officers she had met in San Diego and Long Beach . +And she wanted desperately to see someone she had known back there . +

+

She felt , rather than saw , the approach of the good-looking young man . +He came through from the Fleet Bar , which was stag , with the ice cubes tinkling in a glass he carried . +When he saw Tommy sitting alone , the tinkling sound stopped . +He was perhaps a trifle tipsy , having been long at sea where drinking is not permitted , and consequently out of practice ; ; +he wore a brown tweed sports jacket obviously tailored in Hong Kong , and he was of an age that marked him as a lieutenant . +Probably off one of the carriers -- an aviator . +There was a fifty-fifty chance , perhaps , that he would be unmarried , and an even more slender chance that his approach would be different . +Japan did something to a man -- and it wasn't just Japan , either , because the same thing applied anywhere overseas . +It was as if foreign duty implied and excused license ; ; +it intimated that the folks at home would never know about it , and , therefore , why not ? ? +

+

Then the young man in the brown sports jacket spoke , and it was no different . +

+

`` Harro , girl-san '' ! ! +He said , turning on what was meant to be charm . +`` You catchee boy-furiendo ? ? +Maybe you likee date with me '' ? ? +

+

`` I beg your pardon '' ! ! +Tommy said out of her cold rage . +`` I don't believe I know you , and I can't understand your quaint brand of English -- it was meant to be English , wasn't it '' ? ? +

+

The nice-looking young officer fell back on his heels , open-mouthed and blushing . +At least , he had the decency to blush , she thought . +

+

`` Oh -- I'm sorry ! ! +You see , I thought -- I mean I really had no idea '' -- +

+

`` Oh , yes -- you had ideas '' ! ! +Tommy interrupted furiously . +`` All wrong ones '' ! ! +Then she jerked her thumb toward the door in a very American gesture , and dropped into Navy slang . +`` Take off , fly-boy '' ! ! +

+

`` Uh -- sorry '' ! ! +He muttered , and took off , obviously feeling like a fool . +The trouble was that there was no lasting satisfaction in this for Tommy . +She felt like a fool , too . +

+

It hadn't been this way in college , or in nurses' training ; ; +it wasn't this way in the hospital at San Diego . +Everybody had accepted her for what she was -- a very charming girl . +Nobody had addressed her in broken English at any of those places , nobody had suggested that she wasn't American . +There are Spanish girls who look like Tommy Momoyama , brunettes with a Moorish hint of the Orient in their faces ; ; +there are beauties from the Balkan states who are similarly endowed , and -- back in the blessed United States -- they were regarded simply as pretty women . +Now , having been sent halfway around the world on a job she had not asked for , Tommy was being humiliated at every turn . +

+

She looked around , self-consciously . +Four little Japanese waitresses were murdering the English language at the counter -- Yuki Kobayashi happened to be one of them . +Everybody but Tommy seemed to think it was charming when they called , `` Bifutek-san '' ! ! +For a steak sandwich , or `` Kohi Futotsu '' ! ! +For one cup of coffee . +Two other Japanese girls were sitting at the tables , both quite pretty and well groomed . +One was with a whitehaired and doting lieutenant commander ; ; +the other was with her American husband and their exceptionally appealing children . +Seeing these did nothing for Tommy's mood . +She told herself rebelliously , and with pride , I am an American ! ! +

+

And so she was , and would remain . +But she was learning that so long as she was in this country , and wore civilian dress in the Club , there would always be transient young men who would approach her with broken English . +There had been occasions when some of the more experienced had even addressed her in what might have been perfectly good Japanese . +Tommy wouldn't know ; ; +after coming to America , her parents had spoken only English . +

+

One thing was becoming increasingly sure . +She had been sent to the wrong place for duty . +There was more to service in the Navy Nurse Corps than the hours in the ward . +One had to have friends , and a congenial life in after-duty hours . +

+

Now there was raucous male singing from the Fleet Bar . +It was terribly off key , and poorly done , and Tommy could never admit to herself that male companionship was a very natural and important thing , but all at once she felt lonesome and put-upon . +She finished her hamburger and drank her coffee and paid her check ; ; +she got out of the coffee shop before the incident could be repeated . +Eating while angry had given her a slight indigestion . +Back in her living quarters at the hospital she took bicarbonate of soda , and sulked . +

+

Then , after a while , she went to her mirror . +It was all true . +She certainly looked Japanese , and perhaps she could not really blame the young men . +And , still , they did not have to be so crude in their approach . +

+

There was a letter to write to her mother , and she tried to make its tone cheerful . +She promised that she would soon take a few day's leave and visit the uncle she had never seen , on the island of Oyajima -- which was not very far from Yokosuka . +And tomorrow she would take time to shop for the kimono her mother wanted to present to the young wife of a faculty member as a hostess gown . +

+

Tommy , of course , had never heard of a kotowaza , or Japanese proverb , which says , `` Tanin yori miuchi '' , and is literally translated as `` Relatives are better than strangers '' . +

+

Actually , this is only another way of saying that blood is thicker than water . +

+

Doc Doolittle's scheduled appearance at captain's mast was a very unusual thing , because the discipline dispensed there is ordinarily for the young and immature , and a chief is naturally expected to stay off the report . +But the beer hall riot in Subic had been unusual , too , and Walt Perry was convinced that Doc had started it through some expert tactics in rabble rousing . +Just why anybody should wish to start a riot the executive officer didn't know . +In his opinion , Doc had not grown up . +

+

The lieutenant was not entirely wrong in the belief . +There had never been a good reason for Doc Doolittle to grow up . +He had come into the Navy too young , with the image of the fun-loving Guns Appleby before him . +The war found him much too early , and its perils -- and especially its awful boredom -- were best forgotten in horseplay and elaborate practical jokes , and even now Doc had never found any stabilizing , sobering influence . +He remained young at heart , with an overdeveloped sense of humor . +He wisecracked about the captain's indoctrination of new men , took great delight in slaughtering cockroaches with ethyl chloride , and gave no thought for tomorrow . +He was doing thirty years , and the Navy would take care of him . +The job security enjoyed by Doc Doolittle , and nearly all members of the Armed Forces , is a wonderful thing . +Actually , all a man in uniform has to do is to get by . +He may not rise to the heights , but he can get by , and eventually be retired . +

+

Doc had been under restriction to the ship since the Bustard left Subic . +This deprived him of liberty in Hong Kong , but he told Boats McCafferty that Hong Kong was a book he had read before , and the Navy would always bring him there again , some day . +At Yokosuka he was restricted to the confines of the Base because Walt Perry , being thoughtful , knew that Doc might have to draw some medical supplies from the hospital or the Supply Base . +This gave Doc the whole range of the naval establishment , and suited him quite well . +There were two things he wanted to do : inspect one of the many caves that had been dug into the hills on the Naval Base , and visit an old shipmate . +

+

A telephone line had been hooked up to connect the ship with the Base exchange . +After supper , Doc called Whitey Gresham , who was now a lieutenant and had a family . +

+

`` Well , Doc , you old sonofabitch '' ! ! +Whitey exclaimed , with true affection . +`` Come over and have a drink . +We live down by the Base commissary . +Grab a taxi '' . +

+

`` I'll be there , but I'll walk '' , Doc said . +`` I've got to run an errand on the way . +See you in about an hour '' . +

+

He threw a smart salute at the gangway , went up the dock , and turned down the wide street in front of the Petty Officers' Club . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/p06.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/p06.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1da5f2ed7d585c3fea22b4a9244ff9da3caf262c --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/p06.xml @@ -0,0 +1,248 @@ +Sample P06 from Richard Tiernan, "Land of the Silver Dollar," The Quixote + Anthology, edited by Jean Rikhoff, Kam and Richard Tiernan. + New York: Grosset's Universal Library, 1961. Pp. 36-40. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,052 words 859 (41.9%) quotes 2 symbolsP06

Used by permission of Grosset & Dunlap, Inc. 0010-1840

 Richard Tiernan, "Land of the Silver Dollar," The Quixote + Anthology, edited by Jean Rikhoff, Kam and Richard Tiernan. + New York: Grosset's Universal Library, 1961. Pp. 36-40. +

Typographical Error: Forebearing [0490]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

How , he wondered , does one enjoy one's spare time ? ? +He considered some interesting excursion but he was on the road every day from dawn to dusk . +Then there was exercise , boating and hiking , which was not only good for you but also made you more virile : the thought of strenuous activity left him exhausted . +Perhaps golf , with a fashionable companion -- but he'd lost his clubs , hadn't played in years . +There was swimming over at the Riverside Hotel , but his skin was so white he looked like the bottom of a frog . +Perhaps a packing trip into the Sierras , let his beard grow -- but that was too stark . +I could , he thought , take a long walk -- but where ? ? +

+

The telephone rang . +

+

`` You missed it '' , Buzz's voice said , `` You should have gone over to the Pagan Room with us . +Wow . +Strippers , but scrumptious , and Toodle Williams and her all-lesbian band '' . +

+

`` Hi , Buzz '' , Owen said . +`` I went over to the Willows and dropped two notes '' . +

+

`` Tough '' , Buzz said , `` Listen , we're having a stag dinner over at the Pagan Room on Friday . +Imagine a stag dinner with Toodle Williams '' . +He laughed and laughed . +

+

Owen wanted to be pleasant because Buzz worked the territory next to his , but he hadn't come to Reno for stag dinners . +`` Thanks '' , Owen said , `` but Friday is a long way off and anything can happen '' . +

+

Buzz was a tireless instigator who never let his victims rest . +When Owen was finally rid of him , there was a timid rap at the door . +

+

`` Yes '' , Owen called out . +`` Yes '' ? ? +

+

`` I'm Mrs. Gertrude Parker '' , a soft voice explained , `` And I'd like to talk to you for a few minutes , please '' . +

+

Ahah , he thought , a lush divorcee at last . +Probably saw me in the lobby . +He was disappointed to find a nervous , scrawny woman with a big hat standing at the door . +She frowned at his green pajamas with the yellow moons . +

+

`` How do you do '' ? ? +She said , semi-professionally . +`` Our church is sponsoring a group of very courageous women up in Alaska . +We call them lay-sisters and they go among the Eskimos making friends and bringing the light . +They're up there in that freezing climate and all of us have to try and help them '' . +

+

`` Oh '' ? ? +

+

`` You see '' , she said , looking past him into the room , where the highball glasses sparkled dully in the bright light , `` you and I can't understand the many hardships they have to undergo '' . +

+

`` Why is that '' ? ? +

+

She apparently wasn't satisfied with his reaction . +Smug , Owen thought , smug and sappy . +There was a slight nervous twitch in the region of her left eye . +It gave her a lewd , winking effect . +

+

`` Have you ever tried to reason with an Eskimo '' ? ? +She asked , winking wildly . +`` They are a very difficult group of people '' . +

+

`` I don't know much about them '' , Owen admitted , `` but I suppose they have their own religion and they probably resent outsiders coming in and telling them what to do and what not to do '' . +

+

She smiled in a sickly-tolerant fashion . +`` You know , that's very interesting . +People don't know how much they give away about themselves by remarks like that . +The more canvassing I do , the more I note how far most people are from their personal God '' . +

+

Forebearing , Owen kept his peace . +What would happen next ? ? +That she was out for a touch was certain , but when did she get to the pitch ? ? +Several people passed in the hall and stared as he slowly retreated , trying to close the door a little , and she slowly leaned toward him and raised her voice . +

+

`` How did you get by the desk '' ? ? +He asked curiously . +`` I'm sure the hotel doesn't know you're wandering around the corridors , knocking on strangers' doors and talking down Eskimos '' . +

+

`` Oh , I just come once a week . +Every day I visit a different hotel . +I feel it's my duty . +I do this work all on my own , because I understand the difficulties and I want to help these lay-sisters . +Do you know these women go all through Alaska , and they don't have the proper facilities ? ? +They travel in pairs as much as a hundred-and-fifty miles a day '' . +

+

`` Do you have any idea how far I travel every day ? ? +I have the whole Pacific Northwest '' . +Owen was aware he was getting overexcited but he couldn't help himself . +

+

Mrs. Gertrude Parker drew back . +`` That's hardly a Christian approach '' , she remonstrated . +`` You're in the secular world '' . +

+

`` I didn't say it was Christian . +I don't think you'll find many active Christian salesmen . +Not that religion isn't big business ; ; +those bibles and prayer books make a lot of money for publishing houses , but they don't get top personnel . +Our key salesmen are in appliances and cosmetics '' . +

+

`` God , I take it , plays no part in this '' , she said waspishly . +

+

`` God doesn't have any appliance or cosmetics '' , he said heatedly before he caught himself . +It sounded silly ; ; +why go on ? ? +More people were passing ; ; +he had to find some way to close this impossible conversation . +

+

`` And whiskey '' , she said , smiling and blinking at the highball glasses . +`` Don't forget whiskey ; ; +it's such a big seller '' . +

+

`` You know '' , he said , getting a grip on himself , `` I think you're going to have to excuse me . +I have an appointment '' . +

+

`` I can imagine '' , she said . +`` Probably down at the bar . +But what do you want to do about the lay-sisters ? ? +They must be freezing up there now . +Can't you help them '' ? ? +

+

`` Leave a card or something . +I'll think it over '' . +

+

`` I have no card '' , she said bitterly . +`` You haven't been listening to what I've been telling you . +I only hope my talking to you has helped you a little , anyway , because you need spiritual bucking-up '' . +She looked crestfallen , as if he had somehow disappointed the whole human race . +She stood indecisively for a moment , then walked down the hall ; ; +he heard her knocking on another door . +

+

It took him about fifteen minutes to calm himself ; ; +then he realized he was hungry . +He showered , shaved , dressed and went down to the dining room for breakfast . +On the way he stopped at the desk to receive his mail . +There was a check from his company , and the usual enthusiastic bulletins on new lines they always issued . +His lawyer had sent him a statement on his overdue alimony , and there was a letter from the Collector of Internal Revenue asking him to stop in his office and explain last year's exemptions . +

+

He ate breakfast in a sullen mood , but afterwards , when he walked out onto Virginia Street , he felt braced . +He looked off to the crest of the Sierras , still white-topped ; ; +the glisten of the Truckee River made a wide spangle . +He felt suddenly elated , adventurous . +With any luck at all he could easily find a flowerpot . +

+

Although it was only three o'clock , he stopped in at the Golden Calf . +The tables were all spinning , the dice rattling , the bar crowded . +Just to test himself , he played roulette for quarters on his old combination , five and seventeen , and within an hour , he had won , surprisingly , twenty dollars . +The way was opening up ; ; +when the management brought around champagne , the breakfast settled its whirling around in his stomach . +

+

The Golden Calf was dimly lit with shaded neon . +There were more women than men in the place , but he couldn't find a flowerpot . +They all had the hard look of gamblers who had stopped dreaming , who automatically turned the cards , hardly caring what showed up . +The mural around the wall depicted early settlers in covered wagons , who appeared much more animated than the gamblers . +The women had a bright shining expectancy as they leaned out from the wall and gazed splendidly into the distance , while the men were stern but hopeful . +All , of course , except the Donner party who were bent on starving to death . +

+

`` I wonder if they did eat each other at the end '' , Owen mused . +

+

He sat down next to a heavily-upholstered blonde , but she was cleaned out in twenty minutes . +She sighed a dirty word and left . +Owen was surprised to see Mrs. Gertrude Parker playing the one-arm bandits that were cunningly arranged by the entrance . +She sat down and played two slots at once , looking grim , as if bested by mechanical devices , and Owen felt sorry for the lay-sisters depending on her support . +

+

A dried-up cowboy sat down next to him in the blonde's place . +He was a little more authentic than usual because he smelled slightly of the stables . +`` What you need is a steady martingale '' , the cowboy announced after watching Owen play . +`` You can't build on your hit-and-miss five-seventeen '' . +

+

`` What are you playing '' ? ? +Owen asked . +

+

`` I'm just logging '' , the cowboy explained . +`` I keep all these plays in this little black book , and I watch over a twelve-hour period to find out what numbers are repeating . +But roulette's not my game . +I'm always trying to find a breaking table in blackjack . +Incidentally , I'm pretty famous in these parts : I'm called The Wrangler '' . +

+

`` Nice to know you . +Don't you have to spend any time on your ranch '' ? ? +

+

`` Well , of course I do . +I'm with the Bar-H , pushing a horse called Sparky . +He's my own horse , and what I collect from him I use on blackjack . +This Sparky can rack and single-foot and he's the fastest thing in Washoe County . +I figure if I can get any kind of publicity campaign going , I'll land him on TV -- you know , one of those favorite horses for some Western hero . +I once trained a horse for Hoot Gibson , but nothing like Sparky . +He's a pinto and he photographs wonderfully '' . +

+

Five came up while Owen was listening to The Wrangler and he neglected to play , a loss of ten dollars . +This proved conclusively that The Wrangler was a jinx , so he walked on down to Hurrays , an even more glorified gambling den than the Golden Calf . +When he looked in the back , Mrs. Gertrude Parker was marking keno cards . +

+

His adventurous spirit had waned ; ; +he studied the pistol exhibition that Hurrays featured as an added attraction . +He ogled a long redhead with green eyes , but she was a shill with her money in front of her . +He had no great prejudice against shills ; ; +it just seemed such a dry run . +

+

There was no cash around ; ; +everyone was flipping silver dollars . +The management discreetly withdrew the green stuff into the office and gave the customers chips or checks or premium points . +He read a special announcement whereby Hurrays would feature a special floorshow at three A.M. starring Adele ( The Body ) Brenner and fourteen glamorous schoolgirls . +

+

He wondered if he might bag a tourist , but they looked frightened of him . +He passed two brides , both wearing orchids , and they made him feel a little sad . +

+

Owen found Buzz watching chuck-a-luck . +Buzz had on a Hawaiian shirt and was carrying some sun-tan oil and dark glasses . +He was shorter and fatter than Owen , who felt good standing next to him . +`` We're all going over to Lake Tahoe and try our luck at Cal-Neva '' , Buzz explained , still instigating . +`` We ran into a guy at the Pagan Room who guarantees we can beat the wheel . +He started out as a stickman , then became a pit boss until the Club found him crossroading . +He was knocking down checks at faro '' . +

+

`` I'm allergic to Tahoe '' , Owen explained . +`` Something about the pollen '' . +

+

`` Well , okay '' , Buzz said . +`` We'll see you around later '' . +

+

Owen went over to the crap table and the dice were hot , but he couldn't pyramid with any consecutive success . +

+

`` How's your luck , honey '' ? ? +A short platinum blonde in a bursting sun-suit addressed him . +She looked well-fed and prosperous , but he didn't get the impression he was being propositioned the way he'd been hoping . +

+

`` I haven't had any luck since I was a baby '' . +

+

`` Stake me '' , she said , `` and let me at those dice . +I'll make them dance the tango . +We'll get it in a hurry and get it out '' . +

+

`` Let's have a drink and discuss a merger '' . +

+

`` If you go broke '' , she said , smiling up at him , `` I'll leave you '' . +

+

`` Sounds like real love '' , Owen said . +`` It sort of brings a lump to my throat '' . +

+

`` My name's Gisele '' , the blonde said after she ordered a Scotch . +`` Named after the ballet . +My mother wanted to call me Sylphide , but it sounded too affected '' . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/p11.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/p11.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..509bf8c27468960c7342b074957aa48356d9544f --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/p11.xml @@ -0,0 +1,166 @@ +Sample P11 from Bessie Breuer, Take Care of My Roses. + New York: Atheneum, 1961. Pp. 168-176. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,025 words 253 (12.5%) quotesP11

Used by permission of Bessie Breuer.0010-1660

 Bessie Breuer, Take Care of My Roses. + New York: Atheneum, 1961. Pp. 168-176. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Such a little thing to start with -- the car registration . +

+

`` Ida , where is the car license '' ? ? +She asked . +`` I can't find it in the glove compartment '' . +

+

`` Via must have it '' , I answered readily enough , recalling her last visit . +

+

`` Via '' , she was frowning . +`` Why should Via have it '' ? ? +

+

Had she forgotten she had signed the car away , that whatever they mutually owned had been divided among the children ? ? +

+

I was silent . +I didn't want to stir things up . +

+

`` I drive my own car by courtesy of Via '' ? ? +

+

`` I'm sure she'd turn it over to you , if you'd rather . +You know that '' . +

+

She looked as if she were accusing me of some fraud . +

+

`` She must have taken the registration when she went to Walter's . +I'll call her '' . +

+

`` No , thank you . +I want nothing of Via's '' . +

+

Why should this suddenly assail her ? ? +Walter was giving me checks for my pay , the household bills . +Had she been in such a turmoil that this had slipped her mind ? ? +

+

`` What a fool I've been '' , she said quietly . +`` I knew all this , but I paid no attention . +I don't even own the house I'm standing in . +I was so sure it was all temporary that we would all embrace , and then the lawyer would tear up all those things +

+

`` It narrows down down down and finally there is no way out . +If I am not to be Mrs. Salter I am nothing '' . +

+

I suppose I should have paid attention to that half-murmured remark , but it seemed one of those extreme statements women under stress indulge in . +I love you , I hate you , I feel like killing you and myself , and in the same sequence I love you I think you're the most wonderful the most noble and so on and on , meanwhile eating a good breakfast and dinner and enjoying living . +So I went about my business . +I made a lemon sponge , a light dessert , roasted a chicken , parboiled some frozen vegetables , so there would be something nice in the icebox for the weekend . +`` Don't bother , Ida '' , she said . +`` I have these appointments in town for Saturday , and I'll probably spend Sunday with Dolly or the Thaxters '' . +

+

At last , I thought , she's recovering her spirits . +With this movie-to-be in London , and new faces about her there , she would soon be a more tranquil , a wiser person , all the better for her stay out here . +I felt more cheerful , as if I had had a part in bringing her through to a greater tolerance of herself . +And I went back to my own cottage to live my own little patch of life . +

+

It was foggy that evening , but the path to my house was so well grooved that I could feel my way , accustomed as I was to the dense mists that rise from the sun-warmed palisades of the river and sometimes last for days . +In the morning the fog was still thick so that to go to the village I crept along with my headlights full on . +

+

I did notice a twinkle of light from the big house through the woods but as I had left a light on in my own house because of the fog I assumed Mrs. Salter had done the same before she left for town . +I did my shopping , had my dentist appointment , and from there I went to the women's lunch at our parish church where we discussed plans for the annual Christmas bazaar , so that dusk was beginning to gather when I drove home in the late afternoon . +

+

But the next day -- Sunday . +Why , when I drove down to church , didn't it speak to me , seeing the lights still on and the day crisp and clear ? ? +Prisoners brought to the dock accused of murder or accident say they cannot remember , and reading the accounts of their testimony you cannot believe that the mind can remove , absent itself , unsee . +When I came back from church at noon Mrs. Thaxter was turning into the Salter driveway . +Even at a car's length I could sense that something was wrong , and so I followed her up to the turnaround in front of the house . +

+

Dolly Engisch was waiting there on the steps and she came running toward us . +

+

`` She's nowhere , nowhere '' ! ! +She screamed , and both women ran up to the house , and I followed . +

+

The search began , in all the rooms , running upstairs , down , opening closets , talking , exclaiming in rushes and gasps . +

+

Everything was as I had left it the night before last -- her portfolio and bag for town , her lingerie and dress and shoes laid out only her mink coat was missing . +And she . +

+

Then the telephoning began . +I , who until that day before had been Mrs. Salter's friend , her equal , was the servant now . +It was Dolly and Mrs. Thaxter who were calling Via , everybody . +And when they spoke they spoke to each other and not to me . +And after I brought them sandwiches and coffee I had to go back to my place in the kitchen and wait . +

+

Sitting in the kitchen I recalled every word Mrs. Salter said that could have been a sign to me . +`` If I am not to be Mrs. Salter then I am nothing '' . +Why didn't that alarm me then ? ? +And when she returned from taking her guests back to New York she had said , `` All they talked about was Harvie Harvie this , Harvie that When they know the truth will they drop away from me , will I become a nothing '' ? ? +And then I remembered a few years before after their return from a short trip to Rome I had heard her boast , over and over again , `` On the boat people liked me for myself '' . +

+

I had made a habit of calling her at night from my cottage , just to check . +The last night I had called , but the line was always busy and it reassured me . +I assumed it was one of those hour-long conversations with Dolly or Constance , she comfortable in bed . +But it seemed not from what they were saying . +Then was it a final desperate plea from her , to whom ? ? +Hanging on and on past any man's patience some final stab of conclusion ? ? +

+

She was found the day after at the bottom of the cliff . +I tried to believe that what must have happened was that , restless , disturbed by this telephone call or whatever , she walked out in the night , as she had a habit of doing . +Sometimes she took the path that winds up around my cottage to the walk at the edge of the cliff . +It's so romantic up there , she used to say , with the broad river gleaming in its moontrack like an enormous dark mirror and all the sounds of the night , so poetic . +With all that warm rain and the fog it might have been as simple as a loosened rock , a misstep . +

+

But I didn't really think it was as simple as that , nor did anyone else . +When a fisherman brought her up in his arms , still , small , as if she were a child asleep , I began to shudder with a terrible excitement , almost triumphant , that I still cannot account for . +Was it a hysterical release from the long strain of vigilance of those weeks ? ? +That at last the vigilance , the will gives way ? ? +Or what was it that , before Via , Sonny , Walter and all , I began almost to dance with shuddering and cry out , `` I knew she'd do it ! ! +I knew '' ! ! +

+

Everyone stared at me and drew back . +Their eyes turned cold and accusing , even Via's . +And they have never changed . +

+

At the same time that I thought I understood her at long last and pitied her , underneath this knowing had there burned unquenched by my pity a fire of hate , an enduring envy that burst out in that ghastly outcry ? ? +Was that what had given way in me ? ? +Even now I am appalled at how little anyone knows of what they really are . +It is absurd of course to say that that one exclamation estranged me from the family I considered my very own , but there it hangs , a cooling void that broke our close connection with each other . +At the time I was filled with self-pity at this separation , but in the years since I have come to understand that the sight of me was painful to them after that outcry . +In my person they would always remember that last long time of me alone with her , so if they told themselves that I could have prevented it , I can understand that by now and love them still , because everyone must justify , have a scapegoat for what is not to be borne . +

+

It is not their avoidance that rankles ; ; +it is when I meet someone who was a close friend of the family , and therefore of mine , and they nod to me so coolly and walk away , that it hurts . +I could tell them , but no one ever asked , why I had cried out so triumphantly at the sight of her body . +No , I forget Mrs. Mathias , who had been away visiting a married daughter when it happened . +She haunted me ; ; +she persisted in explaining how and why she had advised Mrs. Salter to return to the country . +

+

`` We all feel guilty '' , I turned away from her coldly . +`` It was nobody's fault . +She overplayed her hand '' . +

+

`` What do you mean '' ? ? +She frowned . +

+

`` Why put such a high value on being top dog '' ? ? +I added . +It was coarse , almost insulting , this harsh appraisal , and she has never come to see me since . +

+

But suppose she had not taken Mrs. Mathias' advice and lived on like thousands of women in towns , dispossessed of love , hanging on to makeshifts , and altogether and finally arid . +If she chose , and in that final decision discarded , what , above all , all of us value , life itself , must she not have risen to her fullest height , and transcending her murky self , felt at last the passion of a great moral decision ? ? +If they say I could have stopped her it is because they are ignorant of her last weeks of self-examination , her search into herself and its conclusions . +

+

Yes , I had cried out that I knew she'd do it , but without my fully realizing it at the time , it was a cry of triumph for her , praise at her deliverance from pettiness and greed -- and guilt . +She was finally at rest in truth , of her own proud free choice . +At rest with my darling Ellen , the first Mrs. Salter . +

+

Mr. Salter came home . +The funeral service was in the house , the Methodist minister , how clean and glistening his eyeglasses and his neat body standing beside that coffin with that doll inside , a stranger speaking to strangers the old sacred words , and the rain drumming incessantly in accompaniment , seven days of relentless rain that turned the ground to mud so the burial had to be postponed . +I waited . +Then Via called to say they had decided to cremate her -- as they had Ellen , the thought leaped to my mind -- and did I want to meet her at the funeral home the next morning . +

+

The coffin stood on trestles in a corner of the long low dimly lit funeral parlor , on its dark shining surface the sheaf of white roses I had ordered . +I knelt , just for decency I thought at the time , but found myself whispering , `` Our Father which Art in Heaven '' And it was only after that that something unlocked in me and I felt a grief . +

+

Via was in the parking lot when I went outside . +Together we waited in her car until the hearse moved out and we followed it down into the heavy traffic of New Jersey . +

+

By the time we arrived and entered the building sacred music was already swelling out into the chapel-like auditorium with its discreet symbols of religious faiths . +Again I felt impelled to kneel , and reached back and pulled Via down . +Something would come into her heart if nothing else the sounds of Bach would give her some healing . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/p16.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/p16.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c3c0dd417be510fe70c75aca09f25fefffb9db75 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/p16.xml @@ -0,0 +1,277 @@ +Sample P16 from Margery Finn Brown, "A Secret Between Friends," Redbook, + 116: 4 (February, 1961), 104-110. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,001 words 639 (31.9%) quotes 3 symbolsP16

Used by permission of Redbook. 0010-1790

 Margery Finn Brown, "A Secret Between Friends," Redbook, + 116: 4 (February, 1961), 104-110. +

Typographical Errors: shouders [0630] encylopedia [1450]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Unimpressed , the dog plopped on the sand . +Quint couldn't blame Maggie for disbelieving . +For eleven days they'd done the same thing , leaving the cottage quietly before breakfast , before Esperanza Beach got jammed with tourists and beach balls and show-offy lifeguards . +The swirling sand made Quint's limp more pronounced . +They walked slowly past the sherbet-colored cottages -- eleven lemon , nine mint , seven orange -- around the curve to a deserted stand with an `` Eats '' sign jiggling in the wind . +

+

Now they were in friendly territory . +Nobody around . +Nothing but sand and a ridge of rocks sloping jaggedly to the water's edge . +His rock was to the right of a V-shaped inlet , a big , brown , lumpy rock trailing seaweed whiskers . +His rock was special because no one on the beach could see him here . +Here he was enclosed and safe . +( If a dragon or a sea monster came along , didn't he have a red Swiss hunting knife on his belt -- ten blades and a corkscrew ? ? +

+

Here was a perfect place to lie down and make believe . +He was Canute controlling the waves . +He was a knight of the Round Table , `` Sir Quintus the Brave '' , slaying evil spirits and banshees and vampires and witches with warty noses . +( One good thing about a suit of armor , his leg wouldn't show . +) He was the first astronaut on the moon , chosen because of his small size and intrepid nature . +He was six feet one like his father , with big hands and a hairy chest , a man the weak and persecuted would turn to . +Fearless . +Every night when he wanted a drink of water , didn't he practice being fearless by not turning on the bathroom light ? ? +A dark bathroom can be pretty scary , and he'd creep back to bed , proud of himself , thinking : Tomorrow , for sure , I'll go down to the rock and keep my promise to Dad . +

+

He hadn't intended to make the promise . +It happened two weeks ago , the night before his father left on a business trip to South America . +Every piece of the nightmare was clear , in place ; ; +and when he woke up , his father was saying , `` Stop screaming , Quint . +It's all right . +Stop shaking '' . +

+

He could remember the feel of his father's big hands , the thump of his father's heart sending out signals -- regular , like radar . +`` Let's talk about the beach . +Son . +While I'm gone you get brown and fat as a pig , hear ? ? +Look , I can put two fingers between the cords in the back of your neck . +Dr. Fortman says swimming would help your leg . +He says you're limping more than you need to '' . +

+

`` How does he know ? ? +Big dumb nut . +He never had polio '' . +

+

In the light from the bedside table his father looked so worried that the promise spilled out . +`` You just wait , Dad . +When you get back I'll probly be swimming better than Victoria . +Wait and see , Dad '' . +

+

Victoria was fourteen months younger than Quint , a head taller , and could lick any boy or girl on the beach . +He called her `` Fatso '' . +She called him `` Stuck-up -- that's why nobody plays with you , Mister Stuck-up '' . +Or , what was worse , she prayed for him out loud at bedtime : `` Please , Lord Gord , please give my brother the strength to go swimming like he promised '' . +

+

`` She's got a nerve '' . +Quint said now to the clouds . +Strength began to zip up and down his chest . +He felt strong as a giant . +He unlaced his high brown shoes and took off the metal brace on his leg . +He wadded his sweat shirt into a ball and stripped down to his swimming trunks . +

+

`` Goolick , goooolick '' , creaked a sea gull . +

+

`` Aw , shut up '' , he said . +

+

He stood on the rock , a skinny , dignified boy surrounded by the ocean . +The wind bored a hole between his shoulder blades , and when he looked at the choppy waves coming and going and crossing each other he could see his head down there , bleeding , wedged between the rocks and the waves . +

+

I can't go in . +I'm scared of the nightmare . +

+

Shivering , he put on his clothes . +And shivering with shame , he crawled to the narrow end of the rock and spat into the water . +

+

`` Watch it , big shot '' , a hoarse voice yelled back . +She was holding on to his rock with one hand . +She smelled of peppermints . +She wore a bathing suit like his mother's , no straps on the shouders . +

+

`` Why didn't you duck '' ? ? +He snapped . +`` This is my rock '' . +

+

`` Isn't '' . +

+

`` Is '' . +

+

`` Isn't '' . +

+

`` Is '' . +

+

She was sore as a boil . +`` Ever hear of squatter's rights '' ? ? +

+

`` Sure . +They started with the Kansas-Nebraska Bill of eighteen '' -- +

+

`` Mister Big Britches , aren't you '' ? ? +

+

`` I'm Mark Gordon Peters the Fifth . +They call me Quint '' . +

+

`` Then why don't you stop squinting '' ? ? +

+

`` I said Quint . +That's short for Quintus . +Quintus in Latin means '' -- +

+

`` I can speak both kinds of Latin , smart aleck '' . +Her cough sounded like cloth ripping . +

+

`` You shouldn't smoke so much '' , he said , unconsciously imitating Victoria's holier-than-thou voice . +

+

`` I don't smoke '' . +She was horrified . +`` Do you '' ? ? +

+

`` Hell , yes '' . +Not having said `` hell '' before , he stumbled a bit before gathering momentum . +`` Sometimes eleven , fourteen a day '' . +

+

`` If I was your mama , I'd wop your tail off '' . +

+

`` My mother never wops me . +I've got this leg brace '' . +

+

She seemed so unimpressed that he was obliged to roll up his blue jeans so she could see his brace . +

+

`` Dingy-looking '' , was what she said . +`` Why don't you paint it red and white like a barber pole '' ? ? +

+

`` Because maybe I won't have to wear it always . +Dr. Fortman says if I exercise my leg more , maybe I can use a cane when I'm big '' . +

+

She spouted a mouthful of water into the air . +`` A cane's mighty handy . +Someone's walking past , you want to stop him , zoooop , snag him around the neck with the crook in your cane . +Or say a waiter brings you a bowl of soup with a dead fly in it -- all you got to do is bannnnnng , stooooomp your cane on the floor . +Hey , will you look at that '' ? ? +

+

Maggie had shaken himself awake and was licking the sand off his stubby whiskers and his long plume of a tail . +

+

`` That's some dog . +What kind '' ? ? +

+

`` Part collie , part wire-haired terrier '' . +Quint glared . +He always did when people asked . +

+

`` Holy mackerel , that's the most unique dog I ever saw '' , she said firmly . +

+

`` His real name's DiMaggio , only we call him Maggie because he has to take tranquilizers . +He's braver than he looks . +He's been sick lately . +Last Tuesday he went on a ham jag '' . +

+

`` A what '' ? ? +

+

He would have told her , but Victoria was yodeling . +That meant `` Mama wants you Quint . +Come home or I'll come find you '' . +

+

`` I gotta go . +Even though this is my rock , you can use it sometimes . +I come early in the morning '' . +

+

`` So do I . +See you around , Mister Squint '' . +

+

That was how they started being friends . +They met next morning and all the mornings thereafter . +Same time , early , before the fog burned off , because she didn't like the sun ; ; +it made her blister . +Her name was Sabella , and the strip of seaweed around her neck was an emerald necklace the King gave her as a token of his undying love . +

+

`` You going to marry the King '' ? ? +`` No . +He's got a long beard and picks his teeth with a fork . +My hair is what he's nuts about . +Naturally curly hair runs in my family . +Personally , I prefer straight hair like yours , but as they say on the Continent , ' What can one do ' '' ? ? +

+

`` Which continent '' ? ? +

+

`` Name one , I been there '' . +Japan , she said , smelled pugh because people let dead fish lie on the beaches till the fish got hard as rocks ; ; +then they scraped off the mold and made fish soup . +Pugh . +Camels in Tripoli had harelips . +Near Galway the tinkers drove their caravans down to the beach and sang and drank and fought all night . +As for dancing -- holy mackerel , he ought to see the gypsies in Jerez ; ; +they danced on the sand till your blood got hot and danced with them . +

+

`` Really '' . +Quint smothered a yawn . +She made better pictures than any book he'd read , but he didn't say so . +Artfully , as the days went by , he found occasion to tell her that his father had won the Navy Cross in the Korean War ; ; +that his baby sister could spit up through her nose when she felt like it ; ; +that he personally had an IQ of 141 and was currently reading the Mushr to Ozon volume of the encyclopedia . +

+

`` Books are for schnooks '' . +She skipped a piece of water at him and laughed , a funny , hoarse laugh he liked to hear . +

+

Nobody ever appreciated his jokes as much as Sabella . +( `` What did one tonsil say to the other tonsil ? ? +Let's get dressed up -- the doctor's taking us out tonight '' . +And `` What time did the Chinaman go to the dentist ? ? +Tooth-hurty '' . +) Encouraged by her giggles he imitated Maggie who was crazy about ham . +He described the ham decorated with pineapple and cherries , cooling on the porch . +He snuck up on the ham like Maggie , gumming it with soft , stumpy teeth , then panting with thirst , lapping up the water in the lagoon , swelling up like a balloon , staggering home to be sick , while his mother said , `` That does it . +That dog has to go '' . +

+

`` Say , you're quite a comic '' , Sabella said admiringly . +`` Ever thought about going on the stage '' ? ? +

+

He hadn't . +But it was such a nice thought that he nodded his head . +`` Either that or a veterinarian '' . +

+

`` Better make up your mind , son '' , Sabella said . +`` You can't serve cod and salmon '' . +

+

Sometimes they argued . +She said sharks have no bones and shrimp swam backward . +His encylopedia agreed with Sabella . +Next morning he tied a bunch of sea daisies with string and threw them across the V-shaped inlet to the rock where she was swimming around . +Boy , could she catch ! ! +Like Willie Mays in the outfield . +

+

`` Nobody gave me flowers before . +Thank you , Quint '' . +Her face turned pink with pleasure and a smothered cough . +`` You can always tell a real gentleman -- they got a certain je ne say quok '' . +

+

Sometimes they didn't talk at all . +He daydreamed on the rock while she swam and splashed around . +Once when she asked why he never went swimming and he answered , `` Don't feel like it '' , he was tempted to tell her about being scared . +But Victoria began yodeling just then and he went home , carrying Sabella in the back of his head , not thinking about her , just knowing she was there , smiling , smelling of peppermints . +As for his promise -- oh , he had plenty of time , buckets of time . +

+

Wednesday morning it happened . +They were eating breakfast . +`` We beseech thee , Lord Gord , to bless this food '' -- that was Victoria saying grace while the baby sprayed raisin toast on her plastic bib . +Same old breakfast till the phone rang , making his mother's voice shake with excitement . +

+

`` Your Daddy's in San Francisco '' , she told them . +`` He says he'll be here on the one-o'clock plane . +Fifteen days early -- isn't that wonderful '' ? ? +

+

`` Yeah , keen '' . +A cave seemed to be opening in Quint's stomach . +

+

`` Children , we'll have to get organized . +The baby can have an early nap . +Victoria , I want you to -- '' +

+

Quint closed the screen door quietly so Maggie wouldn't be scared . +`` Hurry up , we're late '' , he said , noticing with a chill how gray the sky was this morning , the fog like a rope along the horizon , the choppy waves sending off sheets of blue and Kool-Aid green . +

+

The cave in his stomach hurt . +He had to go into the water . +He'd tell Sabella about the nightmare . +It had started two years ago when he was in an iron lung . +What caused it , he didn't know . +The metal collar gagging his neck ? ? +Sweating so much ? ? +The unbearable weight on his chest ? ? +All of it together meant drowning . +The first time the nurse took him out of the lung , she said if he got frightened , she'd put him back for a second . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/p19.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/p19.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a04c3d32275572b452fc4837608a969e7c296af4 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/p19.xml @@ -0,0 +1,229 @@ +Sample P19 from [Anonymous,] "This Cancer Victim May Ruin My Life," Medical + Story, 1: 1 (September, 1961), 18-21, 36. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,005 words 455 (22.7%) quotes 1 symbolP19

Used by permission of Medical Story.0010-1730

 [Anonymous,] "This Cancer Victim May Ruin My Life," Medical + Story, 1: 1 (September, 1961), 18-21, 36. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

I don't really believe in intuition . +But I swear to you from the moment I opened my eyes , I knew it was going to be a bad day . +Part of it was the weather , so foggy it would take me twice as long to get to the hospital . +Part of it was being so tired -- I'd not only had my usual full day yesterday , but a dinner meeting as well , that kept me up late . +But the rest of it , the main part , wasn't based on logic at all . +It was just going to be one of those days . +

+

For the thousandth time , I wished I'd chosen some nice , nine-to-five , five-days-a-week profession . +And for the thousandth time , I answered myself . +I hadn't chosen medicine -- it had chosen me . +

+

Actually , I shouldn't complain , I told myself in the shaving mirror . +I had a lot to be thankful for . +A profession that brought me as good an income as mine wasn't to be sneezed at . +Maybe I didn't see as much of Gladdy as I'd like , but how much worse it would have been if I'd had to board her out somewhere after Alice went -- send my daughter to an orphanage or a boarding-home . +At least , we were together and we had Mrs. Hodges , bless her , to look after us -- no mother could be fonder of Gladdy than Mrs. Hodges was . +I was lucky in lots of ways , no doubt about it . +

+

Especially in the way Gladdy had turned out . +Growing up without a mother from the time she was three -- it wasn't a good thing for a child , even knowing the kind of mother Alice had been . +But I mustn't start on Alice . +She is a closed book , a picture I keep on my bureau , but never look at . +If she'd kept on as she'd been going , the story I'd told Gladdy would probably have been true by now , anyhow +

+

As usual , Gladdy's bright smile greeted me at the breakfast table . +Her first class wasn't until ten , but she always got up to have breakfast with me . +It made me feel good and knowing that she'd decided , all on her own , to go to college right here in town made me feel good , too . +Oh , I knew that I couldn't give myself all the credit for her decision . +I had a feeling that young Pete Michelson , the most promising intern at Fairview , had something to do with it , too . +

+

She'd been out with Pete the night before and her gay chatter about their date lightened my mood a little . +But once I was alone again , driving to the hospital , the heaviness returned . +If she and Pete were really getting serious , I'd have to do some hard thinking . +Should I tell him the truth about Alice ? ? +Did he have a right to know the secret I'd kept from Gladdy all these years ? ? +

+

The boys were already waiting in the corridor outside my office when I got to Fairview . +Two interns and Dick Ishii , the other resident . +I'm Chief of Medicine here and this morning would start like all others , with me taking the boys on the rounds . +Pete was down on Seven , Dick told me , and he'd meet us there . +

+

There wasn't anything of special interest that morning , no one sicker than they should have been . +Pete came to meet us when we stepped out of the elevator on Seven -- he'd had a case of post-operative shock , but it was all taken care of now . +Seven is a women's floor and , as it happened , not very busy right then . +When we'd finished our regular rounds , Pete pointed me toward the small ward at the end of the floor . +

+

`` Got a new one in last night '' , he said . +`` I haven't seen her yet , but I hear she's a lulu '' ! ! +

+

I wasn't surprised . +The ward was a small one , four beds , kept reserved for female alcoholics . +We didn't get many at Fairview and they were never pretty sights . +It was thought wiser to keep them segregated from the patients in the regular charity ward . +

+

The moment I walked in , the whole miserable feeling of the day seemed to focus on the woman in the bed . +They'd cleaned her up some , of course , and she'd pretty much slept off her drunk . +But there was something about her -- and I felt my lips forming a name . +Alice But this woman's name was Rose Bancroft ! ! +

+

I looked at the chart for reassurance . +Yes , Rose Bancroft , diagnosis : acute alcoholism . +She looked about sixty , though I recalled that the chart gave her age as forty-four . +An ugly scar disfigured the somewhat familiar puffy face , already marred by the tell-tale network of broken red veins that heavy drinkers carry . +Her coarse hair was two-colored -- bleached blonde and its real , dirty gray . +

+

Oh , could it be ? ? +No , no it was an unfortunate resemblance , that was all it was , and I turned to Dick , forcing myself to put my disquiet out of my mind . +

+

In a low voice , Dick filled us in +

+

she'd been picked up downtown , passed out in the doorway . +Although quiet when they brought her in , she'd suddenly turned violent and had to be knocked out . +It was the old story . +We'd keep her a day or two , and the AA people would talk to her . +But if she wasn't interested , she'd just go back to the same life she'd left . +

+

Turning toward the patient again , I -- I can't describe what happened to me then , except to say that I felt sick . +I tell you , it took every ounce of control I had to be able to speak . +`` Now , Miss -- or is it Mrs. Bancroft '' ? ? +

+

I never liked going straight into an examination with patients -- it relaxes them , I've always thought , to chat first . +This was one time I'd have gladly broken my own rule , but habit was too strong . +

+

`` Hey '' ! ! +Her voice was flat and dull . +But those penetrating eyes -- I had to turn my head away . +It was then that I saw what the drawn-back covers revealed . +There were bloodspots on the sheet . +

+

`` What's this '' ? ? +I asked . +`` Your period '' ? ? +

+

She shook her head . +`` I been spotting a little now and then '' , she said quietly , no emotion in her voice . +

+

`` Have you spoken to a doctor about it '' ? ? +

+

Once again , there was a negative shake . +I told Miss Groggins to move her down the hall where we had an examining table . +`` Better do a Papanicolaou '' , I told Pete . +It was only a few moments before Miss Groggins had her in the proper position for a vaginal , but I couldn't see anything wrong on gross examination . +Pete stood by with a slide and took the smear , sent it down to the lab with a request for the test . +That done , I told Miss Groggins to take her patient back to bed and again put her out of my mind . +

+

I was busy the rest of the day . +Late in the afternoon , I was up on Seven again . +One of my private patients was being admitted and I went in to see her settled . +On my way to the elevator , I ran into Pete . +`` I've got the results on the Bancroft smear test '' , he said . +`` There's something there , all right . +Class Three , they said . +Do you want to talk to her , Doctor '' ? ? +

+

`` Well '' -- I didn't -- I didn't ever want to see that woman again . +But that was ridiculous , of course . +`` All right . +We'll do a D. and C. and get her permission for a hysterectomy . +Maybe it's nothing , maybe it's intraepithelial or in situ -- can't take any chances '' . +

+

`` If you can keep her here that long '' , Pete said wryly . +`` Groggins tells me she's started badgering already , wants to get out . +Wants to get to her booze , I guess '' . +

+

I grimaced in distaste . +`` Well , better see what I can do '' . +

+

We'd been standing right outside Miss Bancroft's door and as I went to turn the knob to enter , I was surprised to find that the door was slightly ajar . +But she seemed to be dozing and in any case , we'd been talking in low tones . +

+

Her eyes opened as soon as she heard me , though , and once again , I felt an inward shiver . +`` I sure can't complain about the service in this place '' , she said . +`` I just got through seeing one of you guys . +What do you want '' ? ? +There was something almost insulting in her tone , but I disregarded it . +

+

`` I've just been talking to Dr. Michelson '' , I said . +`` We'd like you to have a dilatation and curettage . +That's quite minor , nothing to worry about . +But we would like your permission to do -- that is , to go further if it proves necessary '' . +

+

`` No '' . +It was flat , definite . +

+

`` Suppose you let me explain . +Actually , I rather doubt that we'll have to do this . +Even if we do , you'll be out of here in a week , probably '' . +

+

I was sure that was the difficulty -- she just didn't want to stay here , where she couldn't get to the liquor . +

+

`` No '' . +

+

I looked at her in amazement . +I'd had patients who'd refused surgery before , of course , but never one who didn't show , in one way or another , the reason why . +Mostly , it was fear , but this woman's voice didn't tremble and her hands were still on the coverlet . +

+

`` Will you tell me why '' ? ? +I asked . +

+

She smiled , a smile without humor . +`` You shouldn't tell your little secrets outside of the patient's door '' , she said . +`` I've got cancer , haven't I '' ? ? +She went on , disregarding my protests . +`` I'm not going to be one of your guinea pigs . +Let your pupils learn on someone else , Doctor . +Just let me die in peace '' . +

+

I stared at her , almost speechless . +Her little speech was totally out of character with the sort of person I thought she was . +Even her voice had taken on a more cultivated tone . +This was someone who'd come down in the world , I thought . +A long , long way down . +Again there was something familiar about her , something -- +

+

`` You haven't got cancer '' , I said as strongly as I could . +`` I don't know what you heard that would make you think so , but I assure you I don't even know myself , so how can you be so sure ? ? +And even if '' -- +

+

`` Don't give me a lot of talk , Joe '' . +

+

I gaped at her . +She could have found out my first name , of course -- that wouldn't be difficult . +But there was that something , some echo in the way she spoke . +

+

She was watching me intently , a funny little half-smile on her lips . +`` Surprised , baby ? ? +Guess I've changed , haven't I ? ? +But you haven't changed much , Joe '' . +

+

I knew then , knew with a heart-stopping shock . +`` Alice '' -- I stammered through dry lips . +`` Alice , for goodness sake '' -- +

+

`` Alice '' , she echoed mockingly . +`` What's the matter , Joe , you scared of me ? ? +Think I'm going to make you introduce a drunk as your wife ? ? +Well , don't worry . +Just let me outta here '' -- +

+

`` But why did you come back '' ? ? +I'd found my voice . +`` Where have you been all these years '' ? ? +

+

She shrugged . +`` Here and there . +As for coming back here -- well , I'll tell you the truth , I didn't even know where I was when I came to . +The last thing I remember is a bar in San Diego '' -- +

+

The way she spoke , her flat acceptance of her alcoholic blackout , made me shudder . +And this was Gladdy's mother ! ! +

+

`` I never asked you for any favors , Joe '' , she went on , `` but I'm asking one now . +Let me outta here ! ! +You doctors are all alike -- all you want is to cut up people and what's the good ? ? +No , I want out , Joe '' ! ! +

+

I looked at the pathetic wreck of a woman before me . +Let her out , let her out -- that would be the solution , wouldn't it ? ? +What she'd said was true -- in all these years , she'd never asked for anything from me . +If I let her go , she'd disappear once more . +And Gladdy would be safe ! ! +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/p22.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/p22.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..07a79c2a397d791b8efc24cfa4815fec6b8e9378 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/p22.xml @@ -0,0 +1,249 @@ +Sample P22 from [Anonymous,] "A Husband Stealer from Way Back," True Love, + 76: 3 (October, 1961), 6-7, 12. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,031 words 243 (12.0%) quotesP22

Used by permission of True Love.0010-1690

 [Anonymous,] "A Husband Stealer from Way Back," True Love, + 76: 3 (October, 1961), 6-7, 12. +

Typographical Error: 1 [for I] [0840]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

I knew it as surely as everybody in Westfield -- that Lucille was a husband stealer . +You can't keep that kind of information quiet in a town of only 4000-plus . +And I've been told that just about every town , no matter what its size , has its Lucille Warren . +

+

Just as it has its Susan Dolan , though nobody'd ever bothered to tell me that . +Susan Dolan , that's me . +

+

They even talked about Lucille down at the Young Christians' League where I spent a lot of time in Bible classes and helping out with the office work for our foreign mission . +I never heard my folks talk about her , though . +They were good-living religious people , and I can truthfully say I never heard them spread any gossip about anybody . +Even if they ever did say anything about people like Lucille Warren , I know they wouldn't have dreamed of saying it in front of me . +My folks and my faith protected me from things like that . +

+

And so I was really upset the first time I discovered that my boy friend Johnnie was seeing Mrs. Warren . +I asked him about it one night while we were sitting in his truck . +I asked him if it was true . +

+

He gave me a straight , honest answer . +`` Look , Sue baby '' , he'd said . +Much as I love you -- well , a guy's a guy and Lucille's willing to -- to come across . +Honest , kitten , that's all it is -- I don't even like Lucille much '' . +

+

I guess it was at that moment that I realized what I was up against in the person of Lucille Warren . +But it didn't seem fair . +My love for Johnnie was young and clean -- how could I possibly compete with a woman like that , who didn't hesitate to use her sex . +

+

Johnnie was a trucker with a small lumber outfit in a town about twenty miles away , and he was also pretty good at anything in the carpentry line . +It was a vivid , sharp February morning that Johnnie first made his appearance in my back yard , bringing some stuff Dad had ordered . +I wasn't in the habit of batting my eyes at delivery men , but the moment I saw Johnnie , I knew he was different . +He wasn't only different -- he was it . +He had an easy masculine grace about him , the kind that kids don't have , but that I had sometimes admired in other older men . +His smile was quick , and his eyes held some promised secret that made my knees go limp . +

+

The most unbelievable thing about the chance meeting was that he seemed interested in me , too . +I could hardly believe such good luck was mine . +

+

And now Lucille Warren had gotten a look at him . +I guess she was between affairs or something , but anyway , she had set her sights on Johnnie , my Johnnie . +

+

I didn't like it one bit . +But what could I do ? ? +A man had to have his release -- at least that's what the boys used to say in high school -- and I wasn't providing it for Johnnie . +Neither was his wife . +She wouldn't have , even if he'd asked her . +

+

But he wouldn't ask her -- he wasn't the kind of man who would force his wife to submit to him against her will . +And he wouldn't leave her either -- he'd told me that . +He was too honorable to leave his wife penniless and leave those helpless children without their daddy . +

+

Johnnie loved me and wanted me . +But the only love I was giving him was the pure kind . +It was weeks before we even kissed for the first time . +

+

Against my folks' wishes , we'd been seeing each other for short rides in the truck . +The rides were tame enough -- mostly we talked . +But by the time the first crackling of spring came around , we both knew we were hopelessly in love . +Yet even then we did nothing much but talk , and maybe neck a little . +

+

`` It's so crazy '' , I told him once . +`` I always imagined I would probably end up marrying a minister or somebody like that . +Somebody with no vices . +You know '' . +

+

`` And you fall for a lumber jockey '' . +

+

`` Who drinks far too much '' . +

+

`` And smokes too much '' . +

+

`` And '' , I was ticking off the items on my fingers , `` swears too much and goes out with the boys , whoever they are , too much , and who ever goes to church and won't even listen when I try to persuade him to come back to the fold '' . +

+

He examined his nails carefully . +`` I could walk out the door '' . +

+

`` Don't you dare '' . +

+

`` And never show my face or my truck around here again '' . +He still wasn't looking at me . +

+

`` You wouldn't '' . +

+

`` Or I could visit Lucille Warren '' . +

+

`` You wouldn't . +Please ! ! +You wouldn't '' . +

+

He shrugged noncommittally . +`` I might '' . +

+

And now he was seeing her . +He'd just admitted it to me . +I huddled miserably beside him in the truck . +It was all my doing -- his seeing her . +Johnnie and I had been innocent in our love , and that was the way I wanted to keep it . +At first , Johnnie hadn't understood -- how could he , not being a religious person like me ? ? +But then he had said , `` All right , kid , if that's how you want it , that's how it'll be '' . +

+

But what had I done , trying to keep us pure ? ? +I had driven him into the arms of that scheming woman . +I had just the same as delivered him into the hands of the Devil ! ! +

+

So one week later , I surrendered to him in the little motel on Route 10 . +My very first time . +I was desperate to hold him , to give him whatever in this world he wanted or needed , and to keep him from the clutches of Lucille Warren . +

+

And , though at the time I blushed to admit it even to myself , there was in me a growing desire , a sexual awareness , that Johnnie had set in motion , an awareness that no other man had ever triggered . +I wanted him , with a terrifying fierceness . +

+

Astonishingly enough , it was my own voice I heard there in the darkness , begging this man to make love to me . +

+

`` Love me , Johnnie '' . +

+

`` I will , kitten '' ! ! +

+

Outside , in the summertime fields behind the motel , a thousand crickets serenaded us . +`` Will you always love me this way '' ? ? +

+

`` Uh huh . +Always '' . +

+

`` Mmm '' . +And I snuggled closer to the man I loved . +

+

It was as blissful and fulfilling a night as any bride ever experienced . +I had had no wedding ceremony , no witnesses , no certificate of marriage , but I had all the joy that goes with them . +

+

`` Johnnie ? ? +

+

`` It can't be wrong , can it ? ? +Not really '' . +

+

Johnnie rose on one elbow . +`` Stop worrying . +It's never wrong if love is real '' . +

+

I took great comfort from his words , and smiled to myself in the darkness . +Infinite peace , complete contentment . +Idiot's delight , I later discovered . +

+

I felt no conflict between what I was doing and my strict religious upbringing . +I had always resisted the passes made at me by other kids , and many times I had thought about my love for Johnnie who , being thirty , brought a maturity to love that the kids around town could know nothing about . +I had also thought a lot about how God must look on true love , and so in a way I was keeping my promise to God , my promise to remain pure until I was married . +

+

I was practically a bride , after all . +

+

There would have been a ceremony if it had been possible . +Of this , I had no doubt . +Wouldn't Johnnie do practically anything in the world to insure my happiness ? ? +Of course he would . +He'd not only told me so , he'd proved it . +It wasn't Johnnie's fault that he was hopelessly tied down to that frightful woman who did her best to make his life unbearable . +Just because he was honorable enough to want to continue supporting his two children , as any decent man would , that was no reason he should be denied his own small share of happiness too . +And if I could contribute to that , I'd do it . +The cost didn't matter . +No price is too high when true love is at stake . +

+

And I had no doubts about how true this love was . +I'd never even petted with a boy , and after I met Johnnie he never touched me for the longest while , not until I all but threw myself at him . +He was plenty attentive , all right , but he behaved like a gentleman , and I figured that , emotionally , I was closer to his age than to my own eighteen and a half . +What could a mere twelve years matter ? ? +It wasn't , I was sure , a difference in age that came between people , but a difference in maturity . +

+

And hadn't I rescued him from Lucille Warren ? ? +She'd have gotten him , if I hadn't stopped her . +After all , Lucille Warren was a husband-stealer from way back . +

+

But I'd been a good girl and now God was blessing me with the gift of this magnificent man and the wondrous love we shared . +It was only fitting that we seek out whatever joy our union might bring . +

+

`` Love me '' ? ? +

+

`` Uh-huh . +Love you '' . +

+

`` Always and always , Johnnie '' ? ? +

+

`` Always '' . +

+

`` Mmm '' . +

+

Convention time in Boston . +A chill wind in the air and the narrow streets packed with snow . +From the entire eastern half of the nation they'd be coming , members of the Young Christians' League , and I'd been chosen to represent our chapter . +

+

I had mixed emotions about going . +I'd been seeing Johnnie almost a year now , but I still didn't want to leave him for five whole days . +But I had looked forward so much to being with this church group . +I hadn't been doing as much work as I used to in Westfield and I felt funny about that and wanted to work harder than ever . +I wanted to just throw myself into the good works of this fine group . +So I went to Boston . +

+

The first meeting was held in Faneuil Hall , a great big place where we were able to meet members from all the other states . +My cousin Alma , at whose home I was staying during the convention , introduced me to a group of young people from Rhode Island . +One of them was a very friendly , lovely fellow named Ronald , a boy about my age with slick , blond hair and dancing blue eyes . +He looked very different from Johnnie -- in fact , he looked sort of like me . +I thought so , and he mentioned it , and Alma said so too . +

+

After the meeting , there was going to be a party at someone's house . +I assumed Alma would get me there , but in the confusion of the meeting breaking up , we were separated . +Outside the hall , I anxiously looked around for her , then all at once there was a hand on my elbow . +

+

`` Hey , there , beautiful twin of mine '' , Ronald said . +`` Need a pumpkin to get to the party '' ? ? +

+

I couldn't help laughing with him . +`` Well , I should find Alma '' -- I began . +

+

`` Alma , Schmalma . +Come along with me '' . +I went . +

+

By the time we arrived , the party was already going strong . +A couple of the girls were laughing rather shrilly and I realized they were drinking . +My folks wouldn't dream of having alcohol in the house , so my first taste of it had been -- of course -- with Johnnie . +I hadn't liked it at first -- it was bitter and burning . +But when Johnnie disguised the taste with ginger ale , I enjoyed it . +Of course I enjoyed 'most anything if I did it with Johnnie . +Johnnie I suddenly realized he'd been totally out of my thoughts all evening . +But that was only natural , I decided ; ; +surely he was still resting snugly in my heart . +

+

`` I don't see Alma anywhere '' , I said . +

+

`` She's invisible tonight . +C'mon , let's find out where they're keeping the glasses '' . +

+

I drew back . +`` I -- I don't think so , Ronald . +Not for me '' . +

+

`` Aw , come on '' . +

+

`` No -- really '' . +

+

He shrugged . +`` Okay . +But at least come along while I get lubricated '' . +

+

The kitchen was jammed . +Strange faces , most of them , and I wasn't even sure all of them had come from the League meeting . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/p24.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/p24.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a939e82fa794dc60c685a8668af8e8b7dce8944 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/p24.xml @@ -0,0 +1,329 @@ +Sample P24 from Samuel Elkin, "The Ball Player," Nugget, 6: 5 (October, 1961) + 25-26, 31. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,004 words 642 (32.0%) quotesP24

Used by permission of Nugget. 0010-1830

 Samuel Elkin, "The Ball Player," Nugget, 6: 5 (October, 1961) + 25-26, 31. +

Typographical Errors: quitely [for quietly] [0560]want [for wants] [1510]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

There was a crowd in the stands for a change and the sun was hot . +The new Riverside pitcher turned out to have an overhand fast ball that took a hop . +For a few innings the Anniston team couldn't figure him out . +Then , in the fifth , Anniston's kid catcher caught onto a curve and smacked the ball into left center field . +Eddie Lee , Riverside's redheaded playing manager , ran after the ball but it rolled past him . +Phil Rossoff cut over to center from left field to get the relay . +Eddie caught up with the ball near the fence and threw it to Phil . +`` Third ! ! +Third base '' ! ! +Eddie shouted . +Phil spun around and made an accurate throw into Mike Deegan's hands on third base . +Mike caught the ball just as the catcher slid into the bag . +But the Anniston boy had begun his slide too late . +He came into the bag with his body and Mike Deegan brought the ball down full in his face . +`` You bastard '' ! ! +The Anniston catcher screamed . +He jumped to his feet and started to throw punches . +Mike Deegan tossed his glove away and began to swing at the catcher . +This brought in everybody from both sides , while the spectators stood up and added to the uproar . +The fighters were separated in a few minutes . +The game was resumed . +But Mike Deegan was boiling mad now . +When the inning was over he cursed the Anniston catcher all the way into the dugout . +Phil Rossoff , coming in from left field , stopped at the water fountain for a drink . +Mike Deegan was standing beside it , facing the field . +He was eyeing the Anniston catcher warming up his pitcher before the inning began . +`` Keep your eyes open , sonny '' ! ! +Mike yelled to the catcher . +`` You're in for trouble '' . +The Anniston catcher did not reply with words . +He simply turned to Mike and smiled . +This so infuriated Deegan that he spun around and said : `` I'll get that little bastard . +So help me God , I'll get him '' . +

+

Phil Rossoff said : `` Why don't you leave him alone '' ? ? +

+

`` Mind your own goddamn business '' , Mike Deegan said . +

+

Phil shrugged . +He stepped into the dugout , wondering why Deegan was always looking for trouble . +Maybe the answer was in his eyes . +When Deegan smiled his eyes never fit in with his lips . +

+

In the last of the sixth inning Mike Deegan got up to bat and hit a fast ball over the left fielder's head . +By the time the fielder got his hands on the ball Deegan was rounding third base and heading for home . +The left fielder threw and it was a good one . +But Mike had no chance of being tagged . +The Anniston catcher was straddling home plate . +All Deegan had to do was slide , fall away , but instead , he rammed into the catcher . +

+

Both fell heavily to the ground . +

+

Only Mike got to his feet . +He went back to touch home plate , turned and walked to the dugout without looking back . +

+

The Anniston players and their manager ran out on the field . +They poured water over their catcher's face . +He did not move . +Then the manager called for a doctor . +The Riverside physician came down to look over the injured ballplayer . +Then , quickly , and a little nervously , the doctor ordered a couple of ballplayers to carry the catcher into the dressing room . +

+

Mike Deegan was sitting on the bench , watching . +When the ballplayers started to carry the catcher off the field he said : `` That ought to teach the sonofabitch '' . +

+

Phil Rossoff , seated next to Deegan , got up and moved to the other end of the bench . +

+

The Anniston manager was coming over to the Riverside dugout . +He was followed by four of his men . +It began to look as if something was going to happen . +Mike sat quietly watching the manager come nearer . +Eddie Lee moved over to Mike Deegan's side . +No one said a word . +

+

The Anniston manager came right up to the dugout in front of Mike . +His face was flushed . +

+

`` Deegan '' , the manager said , his voice pitched low , quivering . +`` That was a rotten thing to do '' . +

+

`` For God's sake '' , Mike said , waving the manager away . +`` Stop it , will you ? ? +Tell your guys not to block the plate '' . +

+

`` You didn't have to ram him '' . +

+

`` That's what you say '' . +

+

The Anniston manager looked at Eddie Lee . +It was a cold and calculated look . +He turned and went back across the field to his dugout . +He called in the pitcher who had been pitching , and a big , heavy , powerfully built right hander moved out to the mound for Anniston . +

+

The game started again and in the eighth inning Mike Deegan came up to bat . +Everyone in the ball park seemed to be standing and shouting . +

+

The first ball the hefty pitcher threw came in for Mike's head . +Deegan fell into the dirt , the ball going over him . +He arose slowly and brushed himself off . +He got back into the batter's box and on the next pitch dropped into the dirt again . +

+

`` Hit the bum '' ! ! +Somebody yelled from the Anniston bench . +

+

In the Riverside dugout Frankie Ricco , shortstop , whispered into Phil's ear : `` There's gonna be a fight '' . +

+

`` Look at those bastards '' ! ! +Charlie Haydon , a pitcher , said . +`` They're looking for trouble '' . +

+

Mike was slow getting into the box this time . +When he finally did he had to duck his head quickly away as the pitch came in . +

+

`` Listen '' ! ! +He shouted to the pitcher . +`` One more and I'm coming out there '' ! ! +

+

`` I'll be waiting '' ! ! +The pitcher yelled back . +

+

Mike Deegan pounded the rubber plate with the end of his bat . +He stood flat-footed in the box , but not very close to the plate now . +The pitcher wound up and the ball came in straight for Mike's head . +Deegan dropped , got up , turned and , holding the bat with both hands up against his chest , began to walk slowly out to the mound . +The pitcher tossed his glove away and came towards Mike Deegan . +They were both walking towards each other , unhurried . +

+

Riverside and Anniston players rushed out on the field . +In the next moment , it seemed , the infield was crowded with spectators , ballplayers , cops , kids and a dog . +There was much shouting and screaming . +Fights sprang up and were quickly squelched . +Mike and the Anniston pitcher were pulled away before they even came together . +

+

Phil Rossoff and two other Riverside players did not go out on the field when the fighting started . +

+

After the game , Phil was taking off his sweatshirt in the dressing room when Mike Deegan came in . +

+

`` It's a helluva thing '' , Mike said , looking at Phil , `` when a guy's own team-mate won't come out and help him in a fight '' . +

+

Phil sighed and pulled the wet sweatshirt over his head . +Frankie Ricco sat down on the bench near Phil . +The other players were undressing quietly . +Eddie Lee had not come in yet . +

+

Mike went over to Phil and stood over him . +`` Why the hell didn't you come out when you saw them gang up on me '' ? ? +

+

`` I didn't think it was necessary '' . +

+

`` Well ! ! +Now that's just fine ! ! +You didn't think it was necessary '' . +Mike placed both his hands on his hips . +He pushed his jaw forward . +`` Listen , wise guy , if you think I'm gonna do all the fighting for this ball club you're crazy '' . +

+

Mike had a good two inches over Phil and Phil had to look up into Mike's face . +

+

`` I didn't ask you to fight for the ball club '' , Phil said slowly . +`` Nobody else did , either '' . +

+

`` You trying to say I started the fight '' ? ? +

+

`` I'm not trying to say anything '' . +

+

Phil turned away and opened his locker , and then he heard Mike Deegan say : `` You're yellow , Rossoff '' ! ! +And Phil banged his locker door shut and spun around . +But before anything could happen Frankie Ricco was between them and Eddie Lee had come into the dressing room . +

+

`` Phil , come into my office '' , Eddie said . +

+

Phil followed Eddie into the office and shut the door . +He sat down before Eddie's desk . +

+

`` I'm doing you a favor '' , Eddie said quickly . +`` You get your unconditional release as of today '' . +

+

Phil's eyes widened just a trifle . +

+

`` The best thing for you to do '' , Eddie said , `` is go home . +You don't belong in professional baseball '' . +

+

Phil had to clear his throat . +`` Is this because of what happened out there '' ? ? +

+

`` No '' , Eddie said . +`` But it does confirm what I've suspected all along '' . +

+

Phil stood up . +`` Listen ! ! +This is the second time . +

+

`` Sit down , sit down '' , Eddie said . +`` I'm not saying you're yellow . +I am saying you're not a professional ballplayer '' . +

+

Eddie Lee leaned forward over the desk . +`` Now listen to me , Phil . +I'm not steering you wrong . +You haven't got the heart for baseball '' . +

+

Phil shook his head and Eddie frowned . +Suddenly his voice grew hard . +`` What the hell do you think baseball is ? ? +You're not in the big leagues , but if you can't give and take down here what the hell do you think it'll be like up there '' ? ? +

+

Phil started to say something but Eddie cut him short . +`` Now don't tell me what a good ball player you are . +I know you've got talent . +But what you haven't got is the heart to back up that talent with . +The heart , Phil . +You just haven't got the heart for pro-ball , and that's it '' . +

+

Dazed , Phil said : `` I don't get it . +My batting average '' +

+

Eddie stood up abruptly , then sat down just as abruptly . +`` What difference does your batting average make ? ? +Or your fielding average . +Or even the way you run bases . +I tell you when it's necessary to hurt in order to win -- you won't do it . +That's what I mean by no heart for the game . +Baseball's no cinch . +Deegan had no business ramming into that kid out there . +He did it because he knows for each guy he puts out of commission that's one less who might take his job away later on . +What the hell do you think baseball is ? ? +A sport ? ? +It's a way of life , goddamit ! ! +And you've got to be ready to cut to ribbons anybody who wants to take your way of life away from you '' ! ! +

+

He's wrong ! ! +Phil thought . +It's only his opinion . +There were other clubs in this league . +He stood up slowly . +He was a little pale and shaky . +His lips felt glued together . +

+

`` I think you're wrong , Eddie '' , he said finally . +

+

Eddie nodded . +`` Okay . +You'll get your pay in the morning '' . +

+

Phil turned and left the room , hearing Eddie say : `` Someday you'll see I was right '' . +

+

Phil shut the door behind him . +Outside in the dressing room , Frankie Ricco sat on the bench dressed in his street clothes . +

+

`` What happened '' ? ? +Frankie asked . +

+

Phil said : `` I got my release '' . +

+

`` You crazy '' ? ? +

+

Phil shrugged . +

+

`` What for '' ? ? +

+

Phil sighed . +

+

Frankie shook his head . +`` I don't get it '' . +

+

`` I don't know '' , Phil said . +

+

They were silent for a few moments . +Then Frankie said : `` What are you gonna do '' ? ? +

+

Phil started to take his clothes off and Frankie sat down on the bench again . +Phil took off one shoe and stared at it . +

+

`` Don't take it like this '' , Frankie said . +`` Hell , plenty of guys get let out and come back later . +The leagues are full of guys like that '' . +

+

Phil was very quiet . +

+

`` What are you gonna do , Phil '' ? ? +

+

Phil did not answer . +

+

`` Why not try another club '' ? ? +

+

Phil looked up . +What the hell right did Eddie have saying a thing like that ? ? +

+

`` Springfield's in tomorrow '' , Frankie said . +`` Talk to Whitey Jackson '' . +

+

He just didn't know what he was talking about , saying a thing like that . +

+

`` Will you do it , Phil '' ? ? +

+

`` Do what '' ? ? +

+

`` Ask Whitey for a job '' . +

+

Phil nodded . +`` Sure '' , he said . +`` Springfield come in tomorrow '' ? ? +

+

Frankie nodded . +

+

`` I'll speak to Whitey '' . +

+

`` Atta boy '' . +

+

`` I'll talk to him , all right '' . +

+

`` Don't worry '' , Frankie said . +`` You'll get a job there . +He needs outfielders bad '' . +

+

`` I'm not worried about it '' , Phil said . +

+

`` That's the way to talk . +What else did Eddie have to say '' ? ? +

+

`` Nothing '' , Phil said . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/p25.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/p25.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b348fb257db46bac4b5784afbd13ab330b67788 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/p25.xml @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +Sample P25 from William Butler, "The Pool at Ryusenji," Harper's Bazaar, 94th + year, no. 2990 (January, 1961), 146-147. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,021 words 287 (14.2%) quotesP25

Used by permission of Harper's Bazaar. 0010-1710

 William Butler, "The Pool at Ryusenji," Harper's Bazaar, 94th + year, no. 2990 (January, 1961), 146-147. +

Arbitrary Hyphen: by-ways [0020] No Hyphen: today [0740]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Richard's next interest seemed the product of his insularity . +His broad reading took him into certain by-ways of religion and the subject of religion began to fascinate him . +When he was twelve he took to reading St. Augustine and Aquinas , then Lao-tse , Confucius , Mencius , Suzuki , Hindu tomes by endless Krishnaists and numerous socio-archaeological papers . +For his birthday , because Richard had seen them in a store and asked for them , his mother bought him the Zend-Avesta and a little image of the Indian god , Acala . +And one day , on her own , his mother came home with a present entitled The Book of the Dead , which she suspected Richard would enjoy . +He was enormously happy with her gift and smiled , then went to his room to read . +

+

At dinner one night , when he was fourteen , Richard announced , `` There is only one god '' . +

+

`` Did you think there were two '' ? ? +Grinned his father . +

+

`` You don't understand '' , Richard said gloomily . +

+

Through quiet laughter his mother said , `` Don't speak to your father like that , Richard '' . +

+

Richard seldom spoke anyhow and he didn't speak to his parents about religion again . +

+

His interest in the formal study of religion waned when he was sixteen and he substituted for it an interest in Asian affairs . +Although he still didn't speak to anyone , he grew fond of saying , `` The future lies in Asia '' , when the opportunity arose , and when he graduated from high school his parents sent him to New York to give him a foundation , they said , for his life in Asian studies . +

+

Richard was a solitary student in New York and acquired , in his remoteness , a thorough if bookish knowledge of Asian lore , literature , life , politics and history . +He was awarded a fellowship to continue his studies in Tokyo and he packed up his clothes , the biwa upon which he had been practicing and his image of Acala , and left to spend a week at home before leaving the country . +

+

The week at home was not comfortable . +His mother , who had seen little of him for four years , appeared worried about his sailing off by himself for an Orient which , she herself having slight knowledge of it , had to be distrusted . +She seemed to work to grow close to her son in the few days he spent at home , talking to him about some of the more pleasant moments of his childhood and then trying to talk to him about those things in which he alone was interested . +

+

`` Do you still have The Book of the Dead '' ? ? +She asked him and , laughing , she added , `` I was nervous about buying a book with a title like that , but I knew you'd like it '' . +

+

`` Yes '' , he lied to shorten the conversation , `` I still have it '' . +He was no longer able to relax in the presence of his parents and found it difficult to keep up a conversation with his mother or father , no matter the subject . +As for The Book of the Dead , it along with his other books on religion had been incarcerated in a furnace in the basement of the building in which he had lived in New York . +He had dusted each of the books carefully and carried them all to the basement and , trembling at having to open the big furnace , given them up to the flames . +Then he sped from the dark basement and returned to his room and cried . +

+

Richard left America with his clothes , his biwa and his image of Acala and , on the freighter which took him to Japan , he plucked at the biwa , trying to make the sounds he wrought resemble an ancient Japanese tune he had once heard . +During his second week at sea he brought the curious melody out of the instrument and suddenly wanted to force the biwa to remain at just that moment in its history when it had given him pleasure . +He stole from his cabin late that night and crept out into a gusty North Pacific wind and dropped the biwa into the water . +It was so dark that he didn't see it hit the water and the noisy rush of the ocean kept him from hearing it . +It was as though the biwa had been eaten up by the wind . +

+

In Tokyo Richard took up a life similar to that which he had lived in New York , except that he had replaced his biwa with a friend . +An American student named Charlotte Adams had refused to take notice of his evident aversion to people and had at last succeeded in getting him to talk to her . +He had nothing much to say to her but that he said anything seemed to please her and he accompanied her on some of her unusually searching tours of Tokyo . +In Charlotte , Richard saw a frankness and a zest for doing things which , after a fashion , he envied . +In time , he grew to depend upon her occasional company and she at length was able to encourage him to participate in more social activity . +She convinced him that he ought to be a member of some of the small tea-drinking parties she held at her rooms and in the end he complied with her wishes , although it was only rarely that he added anything to the random conversations . +

+

At one such gathering Charlotte announced , `` I was at Ryusenji today . +Have you ever been to Ryusenji '' ? ? +No one had . +`` Well , it's at Fudomae and there was a tan young man , quite naked , taking a shower in the pool . +I was thoroughly startled '' . +

+

Richard thought it a more promising remark than any made during the last conversation , but Charlotte's manner during the gatherings was more flippant and superficial than when she was alone with him and he was sure her remark would lead to nothing much better than the pointless words which had preceded it . +Three of the four persons present , all foreign students in Tokyo , had been playing a game of judging popular Japanese foods by the In and Out system , an equation in which Zen philosophy was used as the modifier . +Soba , udon and tea were In because they could be taken noisily . +Sushi was Out because it was pretentious . +Sashimi was In , Samuel Burns had suggested , because it was too far Out to stay Out , even if it was a little pretentious . +Richard had kept his eyes down throughout the game , the very sound of the chatter nearly painful to his ears . +

+

`` He wasn't the least bit disturbed by my watching him '' , said Charlotte . +

+

`` Did you watch him '' ? ? +Asked a red-haired girl named Ceecee Witter . +`` I shouldn't have been able to do that '' . +

+

`` Well I was able to do it '' , Charlotte said with no sign of irritation . +`` For a minute , anyhow . +I'm surprised no one has been there . +I've been there a number of times . +Sam , I thought you knew everything about Tokyo . +You've never been to Ryusenji '' ? ? +

+

`` I've heard about it '' , Samuel Burns said . +`` There's a little place there called Lovers Mound dedicated to Gompachi and Komurasaki '' . +

+

`` Yes , a little parkish place '' , Charlotte said , and concluded , `` Anyhow , it's all very nice . +And the man who brought sweet potatoes into Kanto is buried there , next to a beautiful seated statue of Fudo . +Oh , that's what I meant to tell you . +This is the interesting part , Richard '' , she had a bothersome habit of trying to pull him into the talking . +`` There was that fellow out there in the bitter cold '' -- +

+

`` My God , it was cold today '' , said Samuel Burns . +`` Twenty-two or twenty-three '' . +

+

`` And the water would be still colder '' , Ceecee seemed to shiver at the thought of it . +

+

`` And your golden god '' , said Samuel Burns , `` probably went right home and poured himself into a boiling bath . +It would kill one of us '' . +

+

`` But the point is '' , Charlotte said , `` there he was , freezing , naked in a little stream of water at Ryusenji , all in worship of Fudo , the god of fire '' . +

+

Richard's dark eyes came up and seemed for the tiniest moment to reflect sharp light . +It was true ; ; +Fudo , the god of wisdom , was also thought of as the Japanese version of Acala . +The conversation went on but Richard stopped listening . +He found himself trying to remember something , but he couldn't decide even the nature of what it was he worked to recall . +He had almost given up when he realized that the dropping of his biwa into the icy jowls of the black Pacific was the memory for which he had been searching . +Perhaps he sensed some connection between the incident on the freighter and the ascetic at Ryusenji , he was unable to put it together . +

+

That night , after leaving Charlotte's apartment , Richard walked about for a time before returning to his room . +When he at last did go to his room , he couldn't sleep and instead paced up and down before his little image of Acala , thinking first of Charlotte's tale of the man at Ryusenji , then of his biwa and the invisible Pacific waters . +And the next morning , not sure of why he went , he took the train to Fudomae and walked to Ryusenji . +

+

He was surprised by the sharp sensation he experienced as he approached the pool which Charlotte had mentioned . +He went through a gate to stand at the edge of the water and gazed at the two thin falls which dropped from large spigots high at the back of the pool . +On the hillside above was caged what might have been an incarnation of Fudo , or perhaps a demon . +The strange creature , housed in wire , made him shudder . +The sensation he so overwhelmingly realized was one which told him he had been there before but he knew he had not , and could not recall any place he had visited to be likened to the limpid green water or the little fountain-falls or the green demon imprisoned beyond his reach . +

+

He left the pool and climbed the steep stone stairs to the temple , and the sense of familiarity with the place would not leave him . +Into a little well before the temple he dropped a hundred-yen coin and then he had an urge to sound the bell before the temple , to take hold of the rope and crash it against the circle of bronze ; ; +but the spirit he wished to call out would not , he knew , come in the person of the temple priest . +Instead , he walked around the temple and mounted still another flight of stairs and stood before the seated Fudo at their head . +The black Fudo seemed to stare rigidly back at him and Richard's eyes were caught by the Fudo's in fascination , and then Richard was shocked as , all at once , flames shot out from the sharp features of Fudo's face and there was a terrible metallic scraping sound , as if the large statue were about to burst from some pressure within it . +Then the flames were gone , the stillness fell upon the severe black face and Richard began to tremble violently . +Suddenly he emptied his pockets of all his coins and dropped them into the box before the seated Fudo and hurried back down both stairways and away from the temple , never looking back . +He walked all the miles back to his room . +

+

He seemed to have picked up a virus that day , because the next morning he had a small cough and felt a bit hot . +He stayed home , reading and refusing to think about his frightening experience at Ryusenji . +But the process of refusing to think about it was an active reminder in itself and he couldn't rid himself of a consciousness of it throughout the day . +The cold lingered , making sleep difficult that night , and he remained in bed still the next morning , now unable to keep from thinking about the inexplicable sight of burning metal , the wretched sound , the unbearable feeling of having been to a remote Tokyo temple at some earlier time in his life . +All of the elements of the experience were impossible and yet the reality of them was heavy upon him and he resolved never again to visit the temple at Fudomae . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/p28.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/p28.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72606af93715afed6ead97c68d84dde8f861535f --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/p28.xml @@ -0,0 +1,211 @@ +Sample P28 from Carol Hoover, "The Shorts on the Bedroom Floor," Story, + XXXIV: 133 (February, 1961), 38-42. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,027 words 65 (3.2%) quotesP28

Used by permission of Story. 0010-1700

 Carol Hoover, "The Shorts on the Bedroom Floor," Story, + XXXIV: 133 (February, 1961), 38-42. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Martin felt it was incredible that the situation had come to exist at all . +And once begun , had grown to such monstrous proportions . +The pair of white cotton shorts ruled his life . +

+

Lying awake at night , he could see them , laid out on the floor of his mind . +When he rose in the morning , the image was still there . +

+

He had always been a messy and negligent man . +In his bachelor days , his bedroom had been strewn with clothes which his mother , or later the hotel maid , generally saw fit to put in order . +No doubt Dolores resented following in their footsteps . +

+

But it was fun those first days , kidding about the trail of garments he left littered across the rug . +There was an assertive maleness in his grinning refusal to pick them up . +Half slyly he enjoyed seeing her stoop to lift the things . +

+

He remembered the first time he saw her , standing across the room at a party . +The smooth curve of her neck , very white against hair which curled against it like petals . +Her hair was the color of those blooms which in seed catalogues are referred to as `` black '' , but since no flower is actually without color contain always a hint of grape or purple or blue -- he wanted to draw the broad patina of hair through his fingers , searching it slowly for a trace of veining which might reveal its true shade beneath the darkness . +

+

So he sought her out , and spoke to her , and thought of his hand in her hair . +Or against her back , pressed on the column of vertebrae , which held her so magnificently straight and unyielding , until the segments of bone made tiny sharp cracking noises , like the snapped stem of a tulip . +

+

But , to put it bluntly , nothing snapped . +Yet that had not seriously troubled him , not then . +They married . +More he could take at leisure . +All Martin thought he needed was time : to what better use could time be put ? ? +

+

He saw later that they had made their marriage too quickly . +There was too little occasion beforehand for resistance , the brave strong delights of emotional clash and meeting . +They had left themselves too much to discover . +

+

But , at the start , his new life felt invigorating . +Good . +

+

It was on the tenth day after the wedding ( how could it have been so soon ? ? +) that he dropped the shorts on the floor . +

+

`` Now , I'm not going to pick up those shorts '' ! ! +

+

Martin gave her a teasing pat . +`` I think you'll get tired of them there '' . +

+

In the morning the shorts were where he had left them . +He smiled to himself , and decided not to mention them till Dolores did . +It was almost too easy . +For he had just remembered : tonight they were having their first guests . +The shorts would not be on the floor when he came home that evening . +

+

He was wrong . +The rest of the bedroom had been groomed to a superhuman neatness , but in the middle of the carpet lay the disheveled shorts . +They gave the room a strange note of incongruity , like a mole on a beautiful face . +

+

He saw that Dolores intended to wait until the last minute , thinking he would get nervous . +Quietly he determined to foil her . +I can be as stubborn as she can , he thought ; ; +my nerves are as strong . +She'll rush to the bedroom when the doorbell rings . +

+

It rang . +Ten minutes early . +

+

Martin was standing a few feet from the front door . +He swung around , eyes toward the bedroom , some fifteen feet away . +Dolores stood motionless in the doorway . +

+

He could not cross the living room , brush past her , and bend down to retrieve the shorts . +

+

Martin turned his back . +He strode to answer the bell . +

+

Bill's hat was deposited in the hall closet . +With the most casual and relaxed manner in the world , Dolores led Anthea to the bedroom . +Martin strained his ears . +

+

At first he could not be sure . +Then he caught just enough to know that the shorts were still there . +A glissade of giggles slid over their voices . +

+

All evening Anthea favored him with odd , coy looks . +Clearly she had been instructed `` not to say a word '' . +For some reason , this ellipsis in the conversation spread until it swallowed up every other topic . +At last there was a void no one could fill . +The Brainards went home early . +

+

Martin realized , later on , that he should have `` had it out '' with Dolores that night . +As violently as possible . +But he was so taken aback , he could not believe any rage of his would make her give in . +On the contrary , it would only weaken his position if he fumed , while she stayed calm and adamant . +And if he surrendered after raving at her . +He shivered . +

+

Suppose he ran up the white flag altogether ? ? +At once . +He considered the sober possibility . +

+

In his head was the echo of those titters with Anthea . +

+

There was something about private feminine whisperings which always made him feel scabrous and unclean . +He remembered his mother gossiping with her neighborhood women friends , lowering her voice to a penetrating hoarseness which might be trusted to carry to the head of the stairs , where he crouched listening . +He could even recall the last time he sat there . +She was talking about him that time , because he had done some bad thing , something she disliked , but `` Afterwards Martin said he was sorry . +He apologized so sweetly , I couldn't keep being annoyed with him '' . +It wasn't even true that he'd said he was sorry that time ; ; +he had in fact said simply that he wished the thing hadn't happened , which was as honest as he could put it . +But his mother told the story over and over , till her `` Martin said he was sorry '' was as much a part of her as the shape of her thin , pallid ears . +

+

The battle had to be fought . +Let the best sex win . +

+

But his resolution hardly seemed to help . +If the situation had been bad , it now got worse . +About this time people began `` dropping in '' , considering that the newly married had been left alone long enough . +Angrily Martin wished they had delayed the wedding and gone on a trip -- preferably one that lasted months -- instead of deciding not to postpone the date until he could get away . +Here they were at the mercy of anyone who chose to come by . +These stray people nearly always insisted on Dolores showing them around the apartment . +Of course , the tours of inspection included the ever-present shorts . +

+

It was curious how the different visitors took this . +Some tried to ignore the blot on the bedroom's countenance . +Others asked . +Quite a few laughed . +To them all Dolores told a lighthearted and witty tale . +

+

`` It's a little contest Martin and I have '' , she would begin gaily , carrying the anecdote through a frothy and deceptive course . +While he waited in the living room . +

+

Once Martin went along . +They entered the bedroom , and Dolores said nothing . +Then one of the guests showed his merriment . +`` You were in a hurry , weren't you '' ? ? +Martin would have liked to break the man's neck . +Dolores smiled ; ; +she let the interpretation stand . +Now Martin heard himself give a snort of mock good nature . +With her eyes Dolores dared him for the truth , ready to begin : It's a little contest -- +

+

Never again did he enter into the ritual of showing the apartment . +

+

They kept up a rigid pretense of speaking relations . +But Martin seldom felt the impulse to talk about anything . +What to talk about ? ? +

+

Dolores kept picking up any of his clothes ( except the fatal shorts ) which he left about , but he had been robbed of pleasure in scattering his possessions . +He fell into the habit of putting his clothes in drawers and closets , so his life might impinge as little as possible on hers . +The shorts alone remained . +

+

In his moments of worst agony , Martin imagined what his friends were saying . +The sound of their amazement . +Bizarre : He could hear the word . +The most bizarre situation . +We were up to visit them and +

+

He had thought her exactly what he wanted . +Six weeks of marriage and I'm using the past tense , he told himself furiously . +Pursuing his idea , he saw that it would be impossible to leave her now . +Everyone would know why ; ; +he would cut a supremely ridiculous figure . +

+

He was trapped . +

+

Day and night Martin could not drag his mind from the dilemma he had made for himself . +His mind scurried frantically , seeking an exit . +Alternately he had periods of hostile defeatism in which he determined sullenly , morosely , to live out his life in this fashion . +Nothing would change , nothing would ever change . +

+

When the solution finally came to him , one night while he was in bed , he was so shaken by its simplicity that he could only wonder why it had not occurred to him before . +

+

In a frenzy of excitement , he considered his plan . +

+

Beside his shorts , he would place something of hers . +

+

Instantaneously he would have won an immeasurable moral victory , for if she picked up , say , a pair of her panties , she might just as well lift his shorts lying alongside -- the expenditure of energy was almost the same . +He felt that it would be a particular humiliation to Dolores to pick up her own underwear which he had laid on the floor . +Furthermore , he could go on repeating the maneuver endlessly : every time he went in the bedroom , he could drop a slip or a brassiere , or maybe a girdle , next to his shorts . +Sooner or later , Dolores would crack . +On the other hand , if she didn't remove her own things , it would be difficult to explain to the parade of guests which traversed the apartment . +

+

Martin guessed that Dolores would not be so eager to tell the next installment of her story . +The tale , he thought , would become less gay . +She had used his rumpled shorts as the very image of his childishness , his lack of control , his general male looseness , while she remained cool , airy , and untouched , the charming teacher who disciplined an unruly body . +To have her underclothes linked with his on the floor would draw her visibly into a struggle both bitter and absurd . +

+

Something in the back of his mind was aware that the magnificence of the plan lay in his faith , that the idea would work because he believed in it , since his courage and virility were involved , because it was truly his . +The knowledge kept him from analyzing his scheme to death , and took him through the last hours of that night in a peace of exalted fanaticism . +

+

The next morning , while Dolores was out of the room , he went to her bureau drawer , took out a pair of nylon lace pants , and tenderly dropped them next to his shorts . +He sat down on the bed . +

+

In a surprisingly short time , Dolores appeared . +To his delight , her eyes focused at once upon the two garments . +Slowly and deliberately she reached down and touched the lace with her fingers , then hesitated for about a second . +Ah , he thought , she's going through the chain of reasoning which says she might really just as well pick up my shorts too . +He saw that in a moment she had grasped all the implications of a plot which had been weeks in occurring to him . +Extending her fingers another inch , she caught up the shorts , and swiftly left the room . +She did not look at him , but he noticed that her face was flushed and her eyes unsteady . +

+

They breakfasted together , but Martin did not refer to his triumph , and Dolores found a great deal to do in the kitchen , bobbing up and down from the table so that talk was impossible . +Well , Martin thought , That'll save . +He left for work in high spirits . +

+

As he relaxed that day , Martin realized how tense he had been these past weeks . +He found that he no longer hated Dolores ( he knew how much he had hated her ) , and he was surprised at a resurgence of an affectionate feeling . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/p29.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/p29.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d7df549ac9e77140bbb43354c95c5c714dc12acd --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/p29.xml @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +Sample P29 from Robert Carson, My Hero. + New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1961. Pp. 170-174. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,001 words 926 (46.3%) quotes 12 symbolsP29

Used by permission of McGraw-Hill Book Company. 0010-1910

 Robert Carson, My Hero. + New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1961. Pp. 170-174. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

`` Good old A-Z '' , Cap said . +`` You know , I've got one of your cars at home . +As a prominent industrialist , you ought to be interested in his nibs' support group . +Isn't his racket down your alley '' ? ? +

+

Once it was , William thought . +But not any more . +

+

A rush of memory swept him back , and he forgot Cap . +How did he start on such a ride to brief glory ? ? +Simply enough , through the inadvertent agency of his brother-in-law . +General Hershey's draft and Doc Eddyman and Cap were responsible for his first eminence , but Fearless Freddy Bryan could take credit , if he cared to ( and he did ) , for the second time . +Freddy needed a job , having been detached from a rather dangerous career in real estate and skyscraper financing by Gerry , and it was up to Arthur Willis to provide him with one . +

+

Mr. Willis bought Zenith Plastic Products , a skeleton corporation of sorts which had undergone many vicissitudes and whose principal assets were a couple of electronics plants on Long Island engaged in working out government contracts , and installed Freddy in an executive position . +Shortly after , Freddy had his usual proliferation of bold ideas . +Willis listened patiently , and once in a while William was exposed to them at a family gathering ; ; +he generally heard Freddy's suggestions without interest , being absorbed by his own prospering concerns . +

+

Probably Mr. Willis was influenced toward deeper involvement by familial loyalty and a concern for his grandchildren . +Gerry began to aid Freddy with her father , prodded , no doubt , by Joan's open contempt for Freddy and William's irritating competency . +Another factor must have been the eventual disposal of Willis' fortune ; ; +she unquestionably assumed that the more he was entwined with Freddy , the more likely he was to reward Freddy richly upon his death . +

+

Whatever the reasons , Willis and Bryan started expanding Zenith . +They acquired another electronics factory , a specialized ceramics company , an organization that built -- very experimentally -- high-speed research calculators . +Since they were hunting for national defense contracts , Adam Herberet , a man of surprising resources , entered the combination as a silent partner because of his political connections . +

+

Feeling his power , Freddy looked for additional worlds to conquer . +Heavy industry , slanted toward inexhaustible government coffers , attracted him . +The Allstates Auto Company , a medium-sized firm which manufactured four-wheel-drive vehicles and other off-road equipment , had recently constructed an over-large , modern plant in a burst of misguided optimism . +Cursed with a shaky management and dissatisfied stockholders , it was ripe for amalgamation , and Freddy's instinct was to keep growing by stock mergers and small expenditure of cash , and never mind inevitable consequences . +With Herberet's blessing , he was convinced that Allstates' Wisconsin folly would be ideal for conversion to airplane sub-assembly , tanks , missiles or ordnance of some kind . +

+

At that point William came into the picture . +Although not much desiring the account , he had been appointed advertising head of Zenith . +Freed of routine by having his own firm and a complaisant partner , his work in New York had given him a broader overall knowledge of business administration and corporate structure ; ; +and if he wasn't entirely committed to what he did , he was at least fascinated by the chance of wider opportunities . +Mr. Willis , eager to have him allied with the family , wanted advice beyond the confines of his field , and William set out on a serious study of the situation , including trips to Wisconsin and Washington . +

+

In the end , he said : `` I'm not enchanted by the proposition , sir . +I know a guy named Jack Hamrick , a very bright young engineer who was with Chrysler , and I took him with me to Allstates . +It's his expert opinion that the plant isn't well suited to what you have in mind . +The conversion will cost a fortune . +Besides that , I'm acquainted more or less with the defense hardware situation through my contacts in the Air Force . +I think Adam Herberet is guilty of being too hopeful and better informed on defense financing than on the technical side . +Missiles have thrown everything up for grabs , and nobody seems to be sure where we go from here . +The future of manned aircraft is in doubt , which affects government procurement , and jet transports have revolutionized the airline trade -- one jet can take the place of three compound-engine planes . +This means the aircraft companies are going to tear into the government market , looking for anything they can get and making the competition tough . +Here are a few facts and figures I've assembled . +Can't you stay with what you have and wait till the dust settles '' ? ? +

+

Willis glanced at the bound pages given him and shrugged . +`` Well '' , he said , `` there is Freddy , you know . +And Gerry . +Freddy is deeply committed to our plans already . +He assures me he has people to handle the money raising , and Ham Richert , my lawyer , says the legal aspects of the wedding of Zenith and Allstates are no problem . +I don't like to exhibit the deadly dampening effect of an elderly man's caution '' . +

+

`` Yes , I appreciate that . +I wish you wouldn't tell Freddy I'm lukewarm ; ; +I've caused him trouble before , and he's beginning to resent me . +If we don't take care , the sisters will be entering the fray on opposite sides , brandishing their cudgels '' . +

+

`` Which is a frightful prospect , Bill '' . +Willis laughed . +`` One shouldn't mix commercial affairs with patriarchy , but in this case I have no choice . +Let me think about it . +I'm most grateful to you , so grateful I wish you were my principal aide instead of Freddy '' . +

+

Not to William's surprise , Freddy , Adam and Hamilton Richert prevailed ; ; +allied to them was Gerry , devoting much time to swaying her father , and Joan dismissed all thought of the project and William was unwilling to interfere further . +Zenith absorbed Allstates , stock transfers were arranged , and Freddy became president of the hyphenated combination . +Through Jack Hamrick , William fell into the world of automobile promotion and got several accounts for Shoals and Clay . +

+

He forgot about A-Z till , unhappily , he and Hamrick were proved correct . +Freddy's backing dropped away from him and Mr. Willis was forced to make up the deficit . +Adam , beset by changing defense conditions and the open secret that he was part of the new corporation , couldn't deliver from his end . +The Wisconsin plant turned out to be a white elephant . +Stock Willis held in abundance fell sharply in value . +Confronted by a grim future , Freddy lost his nerve and plumped for a drastic liquidation . +

+

Once more Willis summoned William . +`` You were right '' , he said -- `` you and your engineer -- and I'm in something of a bind . +Freddy's solution doesn't appeal to me . +In addition to other defects , I'm a stubborn man and hate to admit to the common garden variety of bad judgment . +Will you see if you can help me '' ? ? +

+

William spent a long week end closeted with Hamrick . +His recent experience in motor car advertising , a love for cars of themselves , the existence of A-Z's useless Wisconsin set-up , exposure to exciting conceptions of Hamrick's that nobody would buy , and the coincidental recent failure of a respected but out-dated small-car manufacturer called Ticonderoga Motors had given him an idea of such dimensions he was almost afraid to broach it . +Initially , Hamrick's reaction to A-Z going into the passenger car market was discouraging . +He thought the financing , the advertising , the production of new models , the founding of a nationwide chain of dealerships was simply too difficult . +Then he caught fire . +If A-Z could buy Ticonderoga cheaply and use their presses and dies and other equipment , if William could hit precisely the right promotion note , if the money hurdle was not insurmountable . +

+

They took nearly a month to investigate , marshal statistics , and put their arguments down in black and white . +Taking Hamrick with him , William went to Mr. Willis . +He was surprised and dubious , but impressed by the engineer and the report . +

+

`` Your alternative is breathtaking '' , he said , `` and , I'm frank in saying , a bit mad . +I wish I was younger and less timid . +Well , I can't resolve this myself . +I'll have to call in the brain trust . +Are you willing to run the gantlet ? ? +I can't guarantee you a sympathetic audience '' . +

+

`` We'll be in there swinging '' , William said , `` but in a way , sir , you've got to decide it yourself . +You have the controlling interest and the principal expenditure is yours -- and , besides , nobody else is going to have the courage . +If they follow anyone , it'll have to be you '' . +He paused . +`` I should explain : there's more here for me than advocating my little dream , there's you . +You mustn't take a fall , or publicly back away . +I hate that . +You're -- you're Arthur Willis . +Forgive the hearts and flowers theme '' . +

+

`` I rather like the music '' , Willis replied quietly . +`` Thank you '' . +

+

At the meeting , attended by Freddy , Richert , Herberet and the A-Z executive staff , with Mr. Willis presiding , William and Hamrick did indeed run the gantlet . +From shock and incredulity , most of the listeners went on to open resistance and animosity . +

+

`` Oh , my God '' , Ham Richert said , `` a little child shall lead them . +Move over , General Motors '' . +

+

`` It's absurd , Bill '' , Freddy said , from a pale face . +`` You're leading Dad down the garden path '' . +

+

`` Your garden , God damn it '' ! ! +William said . +

+

`` I don't enjoy family quarrels '' , Adam said . +`` Nor crazy relatives . +We're here to transact business . +Can't we put an end to this , Arthur '' ? ? +

+

`` Hear me out , please '' , William begged . +`` I'm an advertising hustler , I admit , but I have to get hot once in a larger sphere . +Sure , Ticonderoga went broke in the low-priced market bucking the Big Three . +Their cars weren't small enough , they didn't have the power , they were old-fashioned . +They tried to sell 'em on economy and simple merit . +We've arrived at an age for romance and snobbery . +We've all been rich and spoiled long enough to hate the machine age . +Look what those little European jobs are doing . +We'll woo the consumer with a product , not bludgeon him with chromed excess length and weight . +Let's make it moonlight and the call of far places and a seduction , at reasonable rates . +Ticonderoga folded a few minutes too soon , before the tide changed , still honest and stupid -- and the network of dealers the company had is around waiting to be signed up again -- waiting for us , ready-made . +We've got rid of the steam yachts and Georgian houses , and the bloated , too-expensive automobile is next . +Why not come down smartly in the world , in a chic fashion , with an Allstates-Zenith '' ? ? +

+

He swayed them somewhat , but the debate raged on . +Financing emerged as the main obstacle . +Mr. Willis made it evident that he had contributed his maximum . +

+

`` Nobody will underwrite it , I'm telling you '' , Freddy said . +`` I know what I'm talking about in that department '' . +

+

`` There's plenty of risk money '' , Ham Richert added , `` but not for anything this risky '' . +

+

`` All right '' , William said . +`` We'll try to swing the deal on that basis . +If we can't raise the capital , we're through . +Nothing has been lost . +You're up against it anyhow . +Why won't you give me a chance '' ? ? +

+

A silence fell . +Heads instinctively turned in Willis' direction . +He smiled at William and slowly rubbed his hands together . +

+

`` I feel I must answer the question '' , he said , `` since the onus later , if any , should fall on me -- I don't relish recriminations spread broadcast outside my family . +I'm not giving you a chance , Bill , but availing myself of your generous offer of assistance . +Good luck to you '' . +

+

`` All the in-laws have got to have their day '' , Adam said , and glared at William and Freddy in turn . +

+

Sweat started out on William's forehead , whether from relief or disquietude he could not tell . +Across the table , Hamrick saluted him jubilantly with an encircled thumb and forefinger . +Nobody else showed pleasure . +

+

Spike-haired , burly , red-faced , decked with horn-rimmed glasses and an Ivy League suit , Jack Hamrick awaited William at the officers' club . +`` Hello , boss '' , he said , and grinned . +`` I suppose I can never expect to call you ' General ' after that Washington episode '' . +

+

`` I'm afraid not '' . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/r02.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/r02.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16a0424dc6573db94b8c5e5ce734b3e660783be2 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/r02.xml @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +Sample R02 from Jean Mercier, Whatever You Do, Don't Panic. + New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1961. Pp. 28-35. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,020 words 101 (5.0%) quotes 2 symbolsR02

Used by permission of Doubleday & Company, Inc. 0010-1780

 Jean Mercier, Whatever You Do, Don't Panic. + New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1961. Pp. 28-35. +

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

I realized that Hamlet was faced with an entirely different problem , but his agony could have been no greater . +The most that was accomplished was adding Mrs. Beige's tray to the dish pile , and by means of repeated threats , on an ascending scale , seeing that the girls dressed themselves , after a fashion . +

+

I was saved from making the decision as the phone rang , and the girls were upon me instantly . +Here's a household hint : if you can't find your children , and get tired of calling them , pick up the phone . +No matter if your children are at the movies , in school , visiting their grandmother , or on a field trip in some distant city , they will be upon you magically within seconds after you pick up the phone . +

+

Jennie and Miranda twined themselves around me , murmuring endearments . +Louise climbed onto a stool and clutched the hand with which I was trying to hold the phone , claiming my immediate attention on grounds of extreme emergency . +Somehow managing to get out a cool , poised , `` Won't you hold on a second , please '' , I covered up the mouthpiece , and with more warmth and less poise , gave a quick lecture on crime and punishment , mostly the latter , including Devil's Island and the remoter reaches of Siberia . +I promised to illustrate the lecture , if they so much as breathed till after the call was completed . +

+

Speaking into the phone again and recognizing the caller , I resumed my everyday voice . +Soon we were deep in a conversation that was interrupted many times by little things like Jennie's holding her breath and pretending to black out , Miranda's dumping the contents of the sugar bowl on the table , and various screeches , thuds , and giggles . +Under the circumstances , I had difficulty keeping up with the conversation on the phone , but when I hung up I was reasonably certain that Francesca had wanted to remind me of our town meeting the next evening , and how important it was that Hank and I be there . +

+

I discovered that the girls had shrewdly vacated the kitchen , and were playing quietly in the living room . +It seemed that I would be the gainer if I accepted the peace and quiet , instead of carrying out my threats . +

+

Resolving to get something done , I started in on the dishes . +No . +I'm not saying it right . +What I meant to say was that I started to start in on the dishes by gathering them all together in the kitchen sink . +They looked so formidable , however , so demanding , that I found myself staring at them in dismay and starting to woolgather again , this time about Francesca and her husband . +How about them , I thought . +

+

Francesca and Herbert were among the few people we knew in Catatonia . +We didn't even know them till about a month after we moved -- at that time , they had called on us , after I met Fran at a PTA meeting , and had taken us in hand socially . +They had been kind to us and we were indebted to them for one or two pleasant dinners , and for information as to where to shop , which dentist , doctor , plumber , and sitter to call ( not that there was much of a choice , since Catatonia was just a village ; ; +the yellow pages of the telephone book were amazingly thin ) . +

+

They were `` personalities '' . +Herb , an expert on narrow ties , thin lapels , and swatches , was men's fashion editor of Parvenu , the weekly magazine with the tremendous circulation . +Fran and he had met about two years after she had arrived in Manhattan from Nebraska , or was it Wyoming ? ? +She was the daughter and sole heiress of either a cattle baron or an oil millionaire and , having arrived in New York with a big bank roll , became a dabbler in various fields . +She patronized Greenwich Village artists for awhile , then put some money into a Broadway show which was successful ( terrible , but successful ) . +It was during her `` writing '' period that she and Herb met and decided that they were in love . +They were married at a lavish ceremony which was duly recorded in Parvenu and all other magazines and newspapers , and then they honeymooned in Bermuda . +No , not Bermuda . +Bermuda was not in style that year . +They had honeymooned in Rome ; ; +everyone was very high on Rome that year . +

+

They had bought their house in Catatonia after investigating all the regions of suburbia surrounding New York ; ; +they had chosen Catatonia because of its reputation for excellent schools , beaches , and abundance of names . +

+

`` You are bound to get involved with people when you have children '' , Fran had told me at our first meeting , `` so it is good to know that those with whom you get involved are not just dreary little housewives and dull husbands , but People Who Do Things '' . +

+

I admired their easy way of doing things but I couldn't escape an uneasiness at their way of always doing the right things . +Their house was a centuries-old Colonial which they had had restored ( guided by an eminent architect ) and updated , and added on to . +It had a gourmet's corner ( instead of a kitchen ) , a breakfast room , a luncheon room , a dining room , a sitting room , a room for standing up , a party room , dressing rooms for everybody , even a room for mud . +It was all set up so there would be no dust anywhere and so that their children would color in the coloring room , paint in the painting room , play with blocks in the block house , and do all the other things in the proper rooms at exactly the right time . +Their two boys were `` well adjusted '' and , like their parents , always did the right thing at the right time and damn the consequences . +

+

Francesca and Herbert considered themselves violently nonconformist and showed the world they were by filling their Colonial house with contemporary furniture and paintings and other art objects ( expensive , but not necessarily valuable , contemporary things ) . +Fran flaunted her independence by rebelling against the Catatonia uniform of Bermuda shorts and knee-length socks by wearing Bermuda shorts and knee-length socks in colors ; ; +bright pinks and plaids and vivid stripes . +Sometimes she even wore the uniform in solid , unrelieved black , and with her blonde hair cut so closely , wearing this uniform , she strongly resembled a member of the SS. . +

+

No one could dislike them , I thought . +Sometimes , though , they did not seem quite human . +It seemed , indeed , that their house was not so much a home , but rather a perfect stage set , and that they were actors who had been handed fat roles in a successful play , and had talent enough to fill the roles competently , with nice understatement . +Practically the only enthusiasm they showed was when they were discussing `` names '' ; ; +even brand names . +You should hear the reverence in Fran's voice when she said `` Baccarat '' or `` Steuben '' or `` Madame Alexander '' . +She always let it be known that there was wine in the pot roast or that the chicken had been marinated in brandy , and that Koussevitzky's second cousin was an intimate of theirs . +

+

I wouldn't have wasted time puzzling over this couple were it not for my fear that all the other inhabitants of Catatonia were equally unreal . +I couldn't feel at home among them . +Besides Francesca , there was Blanche . +Francesca was pleasant and charming , but Blanche was sweet . +Yes , Blanche was very , very sweet -- being in her company was like being drowned in warm , melted marshmallows . +I had once been a witness when Blanche had smiled and said with only minimum ruefulness , `` Oh , my souffle has collapsed '' . +Anyone knows how a real , red-blooded woman would react to such a catastrophe ! ! +If Blanche had been honest , she would have yelled , slammed at least a couple of doors , and thrown a few little , valueless things . +But dear me , no ; ; +not Blanche . +

+

After five minutes with Blanche , one might welcome the astringency of Grazie , who was a sort of Gwen Cafritz to Francesca's Perle Mesta . +Francesca and Grazie were habitual committee chairmen and they usually managed to be elected co-chairmen , equal bosses , of whatever PTA or civic project was being launched . +They were inseparable , not because they were fond of each other , but because they wanted to keep an eye on each other , as they were keen rivals for social leadership . +Grazie was mean : quietly mean , and bitterly , unfunnily sarcastic . +She it was who had looked to see if I was wearing shoes upon learning that I couldn't drive . +Grazie had a small , slick head and her hair and skin were the color of golden toast . +She lived in an ultra-modern house whose decoration , appointments , paint , and even pets were chosen to complement her coloring ; ; +the pets were a couple of Siamese cats . +Her uniform was of rich , raw silk , in a shade which matched her hair , skin , housepaint , and cats , and since she was so thin as to be almost shapeless , she rather resembled a frozen fish stick . +

+

The husbands of these women and others I had met in Catatonia were distinguished only in that they were , to me at least , indistinguishable . +I couldn't tell one from the other . +Like Herbert , they were all in communications : radio , television , magazines , and advertising . +One or two were writers of books ; ; +all were fellows of finite charm . +Each had developed a hair-trigger chuckle and the habit of saying `` zounds '' ! ! +In deference to country-squirehood . +I never thought I'd live to hear people chuckle and say `` zounds '' ! ! +In real life . +I wouldn't have missed it for anything . +They were `` sincere '' -- men of the too-hearty handclasp and the urgent smile . +These boys acknowledged an introduction to anybody by gently pressing one of his hands in both of theirs , while they gazed , misty-eyed with care , into the eyes of the person they were meeting . +Could such unadulterated love , for a total stranger , be credited ? ? +They were always leaping to light cigarettes , open car doors , fill plates or glasses , and I mistrusted the whole lot of them to the same degree that I mistrusted bake shops that called themselves `` Sanitary Bake Shops '' . +

+

`` O ! ! +Pioneers ! ! +'' I thought , and wondered what kind of homesteads such odd pioneers would establish in this suburban frontier ; ; +pioneers who looked like off-duty gardeners even at parent-teacher conferences and who never called the school principal `` Mister '' . +I sighed , thinking that among other things , people here seemed to be those who would have to cut down if they earned less than $85,000 yearly ; ; +people who would give their teeth for a chance to get on `` Person to Person '' ; ; +people who thought it was nice to be important , but not important to be nice ; ; +who were more ingratiating than gracious , more personalities than persons . +In my estimation , they were people who read Daphne du Maurier , and discussed Kafka ; ; +well , not discussed him exactly , but said , `` Kafka '' ! ! +Reverently and raised their eyes , as if they were at a loss to describe how they felt about Kafka , which they were , because they had no opinions about Kafka , not having read Kafka . +They were , I felt , people invariably trying to prove not who , but what they were , and trying to determine what , not who , others were . +

+

Becoming aware that it was nearly lunchtime , I brought myself back to the tasks at hand . +I made plans for the afternoon -- doing the breakfast and luncheon dishes all at once , making the beds , and then maybe painting the kitchen . +Then , I remembered that the girls had had a banana for dessert every day for the last week . +`` Bananas '' ! ! +Jennie had shouted each time . +`` They're not dessert ! ! +They're not even food . +They're just something you're supposed to put on cereal for breakfast '' . +I dug around and found a mix , and was able to surprise them with a devil's-food cake with chocolate icing . +( Sometimes I think you need only one rule for cooking : if you can't put garlic in it , put chocolate in it . +

+

The cake was received in a stunned silence that was evidence in itself of the dearth of taste thrills Mama had been providing . +Then Jennie closed her eyes , stretched forth her arms , and said : `` Take my hand , Louise ; ; +I'm a stranger in paradise '' . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/r04.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/r04.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4cc15559d22ad133983c5fcf7c71748077884158 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/r04.xml @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +Sample R04 from Edward Streeter, The Chairman of the Bored. + New York: Harper & Brothers, 1961. Pp. 220-226. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,006 words 225 (11.2%) quotes 1 symbolR04

Used by permission of Edward Streeter. 0010-1670

 Edward Streeter, The Chairman of the Bored. + New York: Harper & Brothers, 1961. Pp. 220-226. +

Note: babbiting [0640]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Up to date , however , his garden was still more or less of a mess , he hadn't even started his workshop and if there was a meadow pond in the neighborhood he hadn't found it . +

+

It wasn't his fault that these things were so . +The difficulty was that each day seemed to produce its quota of details which must be cleaned up immediately . +

+

As a result , life had become a kind of continuous make-ready . +Once he disposed of these items which screamed so harshly for attention , he could undertake the things which really counted . +Then , at last , his day would fall into an ordered pattern and he would be free to read , or garden or just wander through the woods in the late afternoon , accompanied by his dogs . +

+

His dogs ? ? +He had almost forgotten them , although they had played such an important part in his early dreams . +Then they had always been romping around him on these walks , yelping with delight , dashing off into the bushes on fruitless hunting expeditions , returning to jump up on him triumphantly with muddy paws . +Dogs did something to one's ego . +They were constantly assuring you that you were one of the world's great guys . +Regardless of how much of a slob you knew yourself to be , you could be certain they would never find out -- and even if they did it would make no difference . +

+

Now it became increasingly apparent that there were to be no dogs in the picture . +What in the world were you going to do with a lot of dogs when you left for town on Monday afternoons ? ? +You certainly couldn't take them into the little apartment and if you tried to farm them out for two or three days every week they would become so confused that they would have nervous breakdowns . +Why in the world couldn't he live in one place the way everyone else seemed to ? ? +

+

It worried him , this inability to get the simplest things done in the course of a day . +He would wake up in the middle of the night and fret about it . +How in the world had he formerly found time to build up a business , raise a family , be on half a dozen boards , work actively on committees and either go out in the evening or plow through the contents of a bulging brief case ? ? +

+

Was it possible that as people grow older the nature of time changed ? ? +Could it be that it speeded up for the aged in some mysterious way , as if a bored universe were skipping through the end of the chapter just to get it over with ? ? +Or was the answer less metaphysical ? ? +Did older people work more slowly ? ? +Did it take a man of sixty-five longer to write a letter , shave , clean out a barn , read a newspaper , than a man of thirty ? ? +Did men become perfectionists as they grew older , polishing , polishing , reluctant to let go ? ? +

+

It might be that certain people were born with a compulsion to complicate their lives , while others could live blissfully motionless almost indefinitely , like lizards in the sun , too indolent to blink their eyes . +Perhaps it was his misfortune , or good fortune , whichever way one looked at it , to belong to the former group , and he was struggling unconsciously to build up pressure in a world which demanded none , which was positively antagonistic to it . +

+

And then again perhaps the reason why he couldn't find time to do any of the things he had planned to do after retirement : reading , roaming , gardening , lying on his back and watching the clouds go by , was because he didn't want to do them . +There was no compulsion behind them . +They could be done or left undone and nobody really gave a damn . +During all his busy life he had only done things which had to be done . +This habit had become so fixed over the years that it seemed futile to do anything for which no one was waiting . +

+

He looked at the luminous dial of his wrist watch . +It was five minutes after four . +On some distant farm a rooster crowed and , far down the valley , an associate answered . +He turned over impatiently and pulled the sheet over his head against the treacherous encroachment of the dawn . +

+

At least he could buy the equipment for his workshop . +Thus committed , action might follow . +He went down to Mills and Bradley's Hardware Store and bought a full set of carpenter's tools , including a rotary power saw and several other pieces of power machinery that Mr. Mills said were essential for babbiting and doweling , whatever they were . +He also bought a huge square of pegboard for hanging up his tools , and lumber for his workbench , sandpaper and glue and assorted nails , levels and T squares and plumb lines and several gadgets that he had no idea how to use or what they were for . +

+

`` There '' , said Mr. Mills . +`` That'll get you started . +Best not to get everything at once . +Add things as you find you need 'em '' . +

+

He didn't even ask the cost of this collection . +After all , if you were going to set up a workshop you had to have the proper equipment and that was that . +When he returned home , the station wagon loaded with tools , Jinny had gone with a friend to some meeting in the village , using the recently purchased second car . +He was glad . +It gave him a chance to unload the stuff and get it down to the cellar without a barrage of acid comments . +He had made such a fuss about buying that second car that he knew he was vulnerable . +

+

He piled everything neatly in a corner of the cellar and turned to stare at the blank stone wall . +That was where the pegboard would go on which he would hang his hand tools . +In front of it would be his workbench . +

+

The old nightmare which had caused him so many wakeful hours came charging in on him once more , only this time he couldn't pacify it with a sleeping pill and send it away . +How in the world did one attach a pegboard to a stone wall ? ? +How did one attach anything to a stone wall , for that matter ? ? +After the pegboard there would be the paneling . +He sat down on an old box and focused on the problem . +Perhaps one bored holes in the stone with some kind of an electric gadget . +But then , when you stuck things into the holes , why didn't they come right out again ? ? +It all seemed rather hopeless . +

+

He turned his attention to the workbench . +Perhaps that was the first thing to do . +A workbench had a heavy top and sturdy legs , but how did you attach sturdy legs to a heavy top so that the whole thing didn't wobble like a newborn calf and ultimately collapse when you leaned on it ? ? +

+

Mr. Mills had done some figuring on a scrap of paper and given him the various kinds of boards and two-by-fours which , properly handled , would , he had assured him , turn into a workbench . +They lay on the cellar floor in a disorderly pile . +Mr. Crombie poked at it gingerly with his foot . +How could anyone know what to do with an assortment like that ? ? +Perhaps he had better have someone help him put up the pegboard and build the workbench -- someone who knew what he was about . +Then at least he would have a place to hang his tools and something to work on . +After that everything should be simpler . +

+

He went upstairs to phone Crumb . +To his amazement he reached him . +Mr. Crumb was laid up with a bad cold . +He didn't seem to think that attaching a pegboard to a stone wall was much of a problem and he tossed off the building of the worktable equally lightly . +The only trouble was that he himself was tied up on the school job . +That was why he hadn't been able to finish the porch . +No , he didn't know of any handyman-carpenter . +There wasn't any such thing any more . +Carpenters all wanted steady work and at the moment every mother's son for twenty miles around that could hammer nails for twenty-five dollars a day was working on the school job . +

+

There was a fellow named Blatz over Smithtown way . +Nobody liked to hire him because you never could tell when he was going to be taken drunk . +Mr. Crumb would probably see him at Lodge Meeting the next night . +If he was sober , which was doubtful , he'd have him get in touch with Mr. Crombie . +

+

Mr. Blatz had been at least sober enough to remember to telephone and he turned out to be the greatest boon that had come into Mr. Crombie's life since he moved to Highfield , in spite of the fact that he didn't work very fast or very long at a time , and he didn't like to work at all unless Mr. Crombie hung around and talked to him . +He said he was the lonely type and working in a cellar you saw funny things coming out of the cracks in the wall if they wasn't nobody with you . +So Mr. Crombie sat on a wooden box and talked in order to keep Mr. Blatz's mind from funny things . +At the same time he watched carefully to see how one attached pegboards to stone walls , but Mr. Blatz was usually standing in his line of vision and it all seemed so simple that he didn't like to disclose his ignorance . +

+

While Mr. Blatz was putting up the pegboards and starting the workbench , Mr. Crombie told him of this idea about paneling the whole end of the cellar . +Mr. Blatz agreed that this would be pretty . +Without further discussion he appeared the next morning with a pile of boards sticking over the end of his light truck and proceeded with the paneling , which he then stained and waxed according to his taste . +

+

`` Now '' , he said , `` we got to put in some outlets for them power tools ; ; +then a couple of fluorescent lamps over the workbench an' I guess we're about through down here '' . +

+

It all did look very efficient and shipshape . +There was no question of that . +`` By the way '' , said Mr. Blatz , packing his tools into a battered carrier , `` them power tools needs extra voltage . +I guess you know about that . +Before you use 'em the light company's got to run in a heavy line and you'll need a new fuse box for the extra circuits . +That ain't too bad 'ceptin' the light company's so busy you can't ever get 'em to do nothin' '' . +

+

Instead of being depressed by this news , Mr. Crombie was actually relieved . +At least the moment was postponed when he had to face the mystery of the power tools . +He followed Mr. Blatz up the cellar stairs . +As usual , Mrs. Crombie was standing in the midst of a confusion of cooking utensils . +Mr. Blatz sat down in the only unoccupied kitchen chair . +

+

`` Well '' , he said , `` got your man fixed up nice down there . +He oughta be able to build a new house with all them contraptions '' . +Mr. Crombie watched his wife with an anxious expression . +`` I was just sayin' to him that I'm all ready now for anything else you want done '' . +Mr. Crombie couldn't remember his saying any such thing . +

+

`` Oh , that's wonderful '' , cried Mrs. Crombie . +`` I have a thousand things for you to do . +Doors that won't open , and doors that won't close and shelves and broken -- '' +

+

`` But those are the things I built the workshop for '' , protested Mr. Crombie . +`` Those are the things I can do , now that I'm set up '' . +

+

`` I've been waiting to get these things done for months '' , she said . +`` We won't live long enough if I wait for you , besides which you don't need to worry -- there'll be plenty more '' . +But the discussion was academic . +Mr. Blatz was already taking measurements for a shelf above the kitchen sink . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/r05.xml b/corpora/brown_tei/r05.xml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..065903e313a58e9b2e75e635291b6d42318da0c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/r05.xml @@ -0,0 +1,195 @@ +Sample R05 from Evan Esar, Humorous English; a guide to comic usage, + jocular speech and writing, and witty grammar. + New York: Horizon Press, 1961. Pp. 141-148. + A part of the XML version of the Brown Corpus2,024 words 839 (41.5%) quotes 1 formulaR05

Used by permission of Evan Esar.0010-1850

 Evan Esar, Humorous English; a guide to comic usage, + jocular speech and writing, and witty grammar. + New York: Horizon Press, 1961. Pp. 141-148. +

Typographical Error: indefinity [1400]Arbitrary Hyphen: girl-friend [0230] No Hyphen: standby [0500]

Header auto-generated for TEI version + +

Ambiguity +Nothing in English has been ridiculed as much as the ambiguous use of words , unless it be the ambiguous use of sentences . +Ben Franklin said , `` Clearly spoken , Mr. Fogg . +You explain English by Greek '' . +Richard Brinsley Sheridan said , `` I think the interpreter is the hardest to be understood of the two '' . +And a witty American journalist remarked over a century ago what is even more true today , `` Many a writer seems to think he is never profound except when he can't understand his own meaning '' . +

+

There are many types of ambiguity and many of them have been described by rhetoricians under such names as amphibology , parisology , and other ologies . +In common parlance they would be described as misses -- misinterpreters , misunderstanders , misdirectors and kindred misdeeds . +

+

One species of ambiguity tries to baffle by interweaving repetition . +`` Did you or did you not say what I said you said , because Jane said you never said what I said '' ? ? +

+

Another woman , addressing Christmas cards , said to her husband : `` We sent them one last year but they didn't send us one , so they probably won't send us one this year because they'll think we won't send them one because they didn't last year , don't you think , or shall we '' ? ? +

+

Such ambiguous exercises compound confusion by making it worse compounded , and they are sometimes expanded until the cream of the jest sours . +Ambiguity of a non-repetitious kind describes the dilemma one girl found herself in . +`` I'm terribly upset '' , she told a girl-friend . +`` I wrote Bill in my last letter to forget that I had told him that I didn't mean to reconsider my decision not to change my mind -- and he seems to have misunderstood me '' . +Evidently Bill was another of those men who simply don't understand women . +

+

Another case involves a newspaper reporter who tripped up a politician . +`` Mr. Jones , you may recall that we printed last week your denial of having retracted the contradiction of your original statement . +Now would you care to have us say that you were misquoted in regard to it '' ? ? +

+

Questions like this , framed in verbal fog , are perhaps the only kind that have ever stumped an experienced politician . +They recall Byron's classic comment : `` I wish he would explain his explanation '' . +Similarly , when a reporter once questioned Lincoln in cryptic fashion , Lincoln refused to make any further statement . +`` I fear explanations explanatory of things explained '' , he said , leaving the biter bit -- and bitter . +

+

The obscurity of politicians may not always be as innocent as it looks . +`` Senator '' , said an interviewer , `` your constituents can't understand from your speech last night just how you stand on the question '' . +`` Good '' ! ! +Replied the Senator . +`` It took me five hours to write it that way '' . +

+

The misplaced modifier is another species more honored in the observance of obscurity than in the breach . +This creates an amusing effect because its position in a sentence seems to make it apply to the wrong word . +A verse familiar to all grammarians is the quatrain : `` I saw a man once beat his wife When on a drunken spree . +Now can you tell me who was drunk -- The man , his wife , or me '' ? ? +

+

The `` wooden-leg '' gag of vaudeville , another standby of this sort , had endless variations . +

+

`` There's a man outside with a wooden leg named Smith '' . +`` What's the name of his other leg '' ? ? +

+

Another stock vaudeville gag ran : `` Mother is home sick in bed with the doctor '' . +

+

When radio came in , it continued the misplaced modifier in its routines as a standard device . +

+

`` Do you see that pretty girl standing next to the car with slacks on '' ? ? +`` I see the girl but I don't see the car with slacks on '' . +

+

In recent years gagwriters have discovered this brand of blunder and thus the misplaced modifier has acquired a new habitat in the gagline . +In one cartoon a family is shown outside a theater with the head of the family addressing the doorman : `` Excuse me , but when we came out we found that we had left my daughter's handbag and my wife's behind '' . +

+

Journalism supplies us with an endless run of such slips . +Not long ago a newspaper advised those taking part in a contest that `` snapshots must be of a person not larger than Af inches '' . +

+

Classified ads are also chockfull of misrelated constructions . +Readers of the Reader's Digest are familiar with such items which often appear in its lists of verbal slips , like the ad in a California paper that advertised `` House for rent . +View takes in five counties , two bedrooms '' . +

+

Since brevity is the soul of ambiguity as well as wit , newspaper headlines continually provide us with amusing samples . +`` Officials Meet on rubbish . +Many Shapes in bathtubs . +Son and Daughter of Local Couple Married '' . +

+

Apart from misplaced modifiers and headlinese , journalism contributes a wide variety of comic ambiguities in both editorial and advertising matter . +

+

A weekly newspaper reported a local romance : `` and the couple were married last Saturday , thus ending a friendship which began in their schooldays '' . +

+

An item in the letters column of a newspaper renewed a subscription , adding : `` I personally enjoy your newspaper as much as my husband '' . +

+

Then there was the caterer's ad which read : `` are you getting married or having an affair ? ? +We have complete facilities to accommodate 200 people '' . +

+

The newspaper too is the favorite habitat of the anatomical . +This slip is so-called because its semi-ambiguous English always seems to refer to a person's anatomy but never quite means what it seems to say . +Samples : He walked in upon her invitation . +She kissed him passionately upon his reappearance . +He kissed her back . +

+

Not without good reason has the anatomical been called jocular journalese . +In news items a man is less often shot in the body or head than in the suburbs . +`` While Henry Morgan was escorting Miss Vera Green from the church social last Saturday night , a savage dog attacked them and bit Mr. Morgan on the public square '' . +

+

Such items recall the California journalist who reported an accident involving a movie star : `` The area in which Miss N -- was injured is spectacularly scenic '' . +

+

The double meaning in the anatomical made it a familiar vaudeville device , as in the gags of Weber and Fields . +When a witness at court was asked if he had been kicked in the ensuing rumpus , he replied , `` No , it was in the stomach '' . +Strangely enough , this always brought the house down . +

+

Apart from journalese and vaudeville gags , the anatomical is also found in jocular literature . +A conscientious girl became the secretary of a doctor . +Her first day at work she was puzzled by an entry in the doctor's notes on an emergency case . +It read : `` Shot in the lumbar region '' . +After a moment of thought , her mind cleared and , in the interest of clarity , she typed into the record : `` Shot in the woods '' . +

+

There are many grammatical misconstructions other than dangling modifiers and anatomicals which permit two different interpretations . +At the home of a gourmet the new maid was instructed in the fine points of serving . +`` I want the fish served whole , with head and tail '' , the epicure explained , `` and serve it with lemon in mouth '' . +The maid demurred . +`` That's silly -- lemon in mouth '' , she said . +But since the gourmet insisted that it is done that way at the most fashionable dinners , the girl reluctantly agreed . +So she brought the fish in whole , and she carried a lemon in her mouth . +

+

Another specimen of such double-entendre is illustrated by a woman in a department store . +She said to the saleslady , `` I want a dress to put on around the house '' . +The puzzled saleslady inquired , `` How large is your house , Madam '' ? ? +

+

This saleslady was a failure in the dress department and was transferred to the shoe department . +When a customer asked for alligator shoes , she said , `` What size is your alligator '' ? ? +

+

The comic indefinite comprises an extensive class of comedy . +One species is restricted to statements which are neither explicit nor precise regarding a particular person , place , time or thing . +A woman met a famous author at a literary tea . +`` Oh , I'm so delighted to meet you '' , she gushed . +`` It was only the other day that I saw something of yours , about something or other , in some magazine '' . +

+

This baffling lack of distinct details recalls the secretary whose employer was leaving the office and told her what to answer if anyone called in his absence . +`` I may be back '' , he explained , `` and then again , I may not '' . +The girl nodded understandingly . +`` Yes , sir '' , she said , `` is that definite '' ? ? +

+

An old-fashioned mother said to her modern daughter , `` You must have gotten in quite late last night , dear . +Where were you '' ? ? +The daughter replied , `` Oh , I had dinner with -- well , you don't know him but he's awfully nice -- and we went to a couple of places -- I don't suppose you've heard of them -- and we finished up at a cute little night club -- I forget the name of it . +Why , it's all right , isn't it , Mother '' ? ? +Her woolly-minded parent agreed . +`` Of course , dear '' , she said . +`` It's only that I like to know where you go '' . +

+

No less ambiguous was the indefinity of a certain clergyman's sermon . +`` Dearly beloved '' , he preached , `` unless you repent of your sins in a measure , and become converted to a degree , you will , I regret to say , be damned to a more or less extent '' . +This clergyman should have referred to Shakespeare's dictum : `` So-so is a good , very good , very excellent maxim . +And yet it is not . +It is but so-so '' . +

+

Indefinite reference also carries double-meaning where an allusion to one person or thing seems to refer to another . +A news item described the launching of a ship : `` Completing the ceremony , the beautiful movie star smashed a bottle of champagne over her stern as she slid gracefully down the ways into the sea '' . +

+

This is not unlike the order received by the sergeant of an army motor pool : `` Four trucks to Fort Mason gym , 7:30 tonight , for hauling girls to dance . +The bodies must be cleaned and seats wiped off '' . +

+

A politician was approached by a man seeking the office of a minor public official who had just died . +`` What are my chances for taking Joe's place '' ? ? +He asked . +`` If you can fix it up with the undertaker '' , returned the politician , `` it's all right with me '' . +

+

The manager of a movie theater received a telephone call from a woman who was equally indefinite . +`` What have you got on today '' ? ? +She inquired . +`` A blue suit '' , he answered . +`` Who's in it '' ? ? +She continued . +`` I am '' , he said . +There was a short pause for reflection . +`` Oh '' , said the woman , `` I've seen that picture already '' . +

+

Another brand of indefinite reference arises out of the use of the double verb . +When a question contains two verbs , the response does not make clear which of them is being answered . +

+

The moonlit night was made for romance , and he had been looking at her soulfully for some time . +Finally he asked , `` Do you object to petting '' ? ? +`` That's one thing I've never done '' , she said promptly . +He thought a moment , then inquired , `` You mean petted '' ? ? +`` No '' , she smiled , `` objected '' . +

+

Replies to requests for character reference are notorious for their evasive double-entendre . +It would be hard to find anything more equivocal than : `` I cannot recommend him too highly '' . +

+

Another less ambiguous case read as follows : `` The bearer of this letter has served me for two years to his complete satisfaction . +If you are thinking of giving him a berth , be sure to make it a wide one '' . +

+

In the comedy of indefinite reference , it-wit occupies a prominent place because of its frequent occurrence . +Ambiguity arises when the pronoun it carries a twofold reference . +

+

Two friends were talking . +One said , `` When I get a cold I buy a bottle of whiskey for it , and within a few hours it's gone '' . +The speaker referred to the whiskey but his friend thought he meant the cold . +

+

It-wit is a misnomer because it covers slips as well as wit . +An excited woman was making an emergency call over the phone : `` Doctor , please come over right away . +My husband is in great pain . +

+

 diff --git a/corpora/brown_tei/tei.css b/corpora/brown_tei/tei.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..171a733d7a12b6dc5a9200b1cc717a8fe6a8918c --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/brown_tei/tei.css @@ -0,0 +1,725 @@ +/* +** Copyright 2005 TEI Consortium + +$Id: tei.css 4800 2008-09-13 09:50:33Z rahtz $ + +This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or +modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public +License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either +version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU +Lesser General Public License for more details. + You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public +License along with this library; if not, write to the +Free Software Foundation, Inc., +59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA + +*/ + +/* ODD */ +@import url("odd.css"); + +/* main layout */ + +body.simple { + color: #000000; + background-color: #FFFFFF; + margin: 10pt; +} + +body{ + color: #000000; + background-color: #FFFFFF; + margin: 0; + padding:0; + font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; +} + +body.pagetable { + color: #000000; + background-color: #FFFFFF; +} + +/* 3 columns allowed for, or just a right and left */ +#col1{ + width: 20%; + background: #FFFFFF; + margin: 0; + margin-top: 10px; + color: #000066; + padding: 5px; + position : absolute; + float: left; + border-style: solid; + border-width: 1px; + border-color: red; +} + +#col2{ + background: #FFFFFF; + color: #333333; + border-style: solid; + border-width: 1px; + border-color: #000000; + margin: 0; + margin-top: 10px; + padding: 5px ; + left: 22%; + width: 51%; + position : absolute; +} + +#col3{ + width: 24%; + left: 75%; + color: #000066; + background: #FFFFFF; + border-style: solid; + border-width: 1px; + border-color: red; + margin: 0; + margin-top: 10px; + padding: 5px; + position : absolute; + float: right; +} + +#lh-col{ + width: 16%; + color: #000000; + margin-top: 2pt; + margin-right: 10pt; + padding: 5px; + background-color: #FFFFFF; + float: left; + font-weight:normal; +} + +#rh-col{ + background-color: #FFFFFF; + color: #333333; + margin: 2pt; + padding: 5px ; + float: right; + width: 75%; + font-weight:normal; +} + + +/* now the layers of the header */ + +/* the main title */ +div.stdheader { + border-bottom: 1pt solid black; +} + +#hdr{ + width: auto; + margin: 0; + background-repeat : no-repeat; + overflow : inherit; +} + +/* a navigation bar */ +#hdr2{ + width: auto; + color: #000000; + font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + font-weight: bold; + background-color : #99CCFF; + padding-left : 5px; + padding-bottom : 2px; + padding-top : 2px; + padding-right : 5px; +} + +/* a breadcrumb trail */ +#hdr3{ + width: auto; + color: #000000; + background-color : #AD06BC; + padding-left : 5px; + padding-bottom : 2px; + padding-top : 2px; + padding-right : 5px; + font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + font-weight : bold; + font-size: smaller; +} + +.bannerright { + position : absolute; + right : 5px; + color: #FFFFFF; + font-family : Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; + font-size : 0.8em; + font-weight : bold; + text-decoration: none; +} + +/* section headings */ +#hdr h1 { color: red; } +h1 { + font-weight: bold; + font-size: 2em; + line-height: 34pt; +} + +h2 { + font-size: larger; + line-height: 20pt; + margin-top: 18pt; + font-weight: bold; +} + +h3 { + font-size: larger; + line-height: 18pt; + font-weight: bold; + font-style: italic; + color: #C63904; +} + + +h1.maintitle { + margin-left: 100px; + font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + font-weight: bold; + bottom: 5px; +} + +h1.title { + margin-left: 100px; + font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + font-weight: bold; + bottom: 5px; +} + +h2.institution { + margin-left: 100px; + font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; +} + +h2.department { + margin-left: 100px; + font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; +} + +h2.subtitle { + margin-left: 100px; + font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + font-weight: bold; +} + +.footer { + text-align : center; + font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + font-size : 0.8em; +} + + + +/* components of the breadcrumb trail */ +a.breadcrumb{ + color: #FFFFFF; + text-decoration: none; + padding-right : 5px; + font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + font-weight : bold; + font-size : 0.8em; +} + +ul.breadcrumb +{ + display: inline; + font-size: 1.1em; +} + +li.breadcrumb +{ + padding-left: 12px; + padding-right: 5px; + display: inline; + color: #000000; + background: url(/images/rightarrow.gif); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: left; +} +li.breadcrumb-first +{ + padding-left: 12px; + padding-right: 5px; + display: inline; + color: #000000; + background: url(/images/rightarrow.gif); + background-repeat: no-repeat; + background-position: left; +} + +div.breadcrumb { + display: inline; +} + +.skiplinks{ + font-family: arial, sans-serif; + color: #FFFFFF; + font-weight : bold; + font-size : 0.8em; + text-decoration: none; + padding-right : 15px; +} + +.tocontent{ + color : #000066; + display : none; +} + +.hide{ + display : none; +} + +.framestdlink { + color: red; + font-size: smaller; + font-weight: bold; +} + +a:hover +{ + text-decoration: underline; +} + +a.navbar:link +{ + color: #FFFFFF; + text-decoration: none; +} + +a.navbar:visited +{ + color: #FFFFFF; + text-decoration: none; +} + +a.navbar:hover { + color: #FFFFFF; + text-decoration: underline; +} + + +/* for use when making pages using a table */ +td.hdr2 { + color: #000000; + background-color : #99CCFF; +} +td.hdr3 { + background-color : #AD06BC; + border: 1pt solid #000000; +} + +td.sidetext { + border-right: 1pt solid #000000; +} +td.maintext p { + font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; +} + +td.maintext { + background-color: #FFFFFF; + font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + color: #000000; + padding-left: 6pt; + padding-right: 6pt; +} + +table.wovenodd td,p.wovenodd { + background-color: #FFFFFF; +} + +/* an inner , eg inside a */ +div.innertext { + margin: 6pt; + border: 1pt solid red; +} +/* literal code */ + +div.cdata{ + white-space: pre; +} + +div.pre,pre { + background-color: #FFFFCC; + font-family: monospace ; + margin: 5px; +} + +div.pre_eg,pre.eg { + margin: 5px; + padding: 5px; + font-family: monospace ; + background-color: #DDDDDD; + white-space: pre; +} + + +/* table of contents */ +ul.toc {list-style: none;} +li.toc {list-style: none;} + +/* table of contents links */ + +a.inlinetoc:link,a.inlinetoc:visited +{ + color: #7A7A7A; + font-size: smaller; + text-decoration: none; +} + +a.inlinetoc-this:visited,a.inlinetoc-this:link +{ + font-size: smaller; + color: #000000; + font-weight: bold; + text-decoration: underline; +} + +a.inlinetoc-sub:visited,a.inlinetoc-sub:link +{ + text-decoration: none; + color: #000000; + font-weight: normal; + font-size: smaller; +} + +span.toclist{ + font-size: smaller; + font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + font-weight: bold; +} + +p.toclist0 { + margin-left: 0.5em; + margin-top: 1pt; + margin-bottom: 3pt; + text-indent: -0.5em; + font-size: small; +} + +p.toclist1 { + margin-left: 1em; + margin-top: 1pt; + margin-bottom: 2pt; + text-indent: -0.7em; + font-size: small; +} + +p.toclist2 { + margin-left: 1.5em; + text-indent: -1em; + font-size: small; +} + +p.toclist3 { + margin-left: 2em; + text-indent: -1.5em; + font-size: small; +} + +span.toclist-this { + color: red; +} + +a.toclist:visited,a.toclist:link +{ + font-weight: bold; + color: #000000; + text-decoration: none; +} + + + +/* notes */ +div.noteHeading { + margin-top: 9pt; + border: 0; + border-top: 1pt; + border-style: solid; + padding-top: 6pt; + font-size: larger; + font-weight: bold; +} +div.noteBody { + display:inline; +} + +div.note { + margin-left: 1em; + margin-bottom: 2pt; + text-indent: -1em; +} + +/* images */ +img.display { + margin-top: 10pt; + margin-bottom: 10pt; + display: block; +} +p.caption { + font-style: italic; +} + +.floatimage { + float : left; + margin-right : 6px; + vertical-align : top; +} +/* specialized divs */ +div.letter { + margin-left: 2em; + margin-right: 2em; + margin-top: 6pt; + margin-bottom: 6pt; + border-top: 1pt solid green; + border-bottom: 1pt solid green; +} +/* title page */ +div.titlePage { + border-top: 2pt solid #000000; + border-bottom: 2pt solid #000000; + padding-top: 6pt; + padding-bottom: 6pt; + font-size: larger; + text-align: center; +} +div.docImprint { + font-style: italic; +} +div.docDate { + font-style: italic; +} +div.docTitle { + font-weight: bold; +} +div.docAuthor { + font-style: italic; +} + +div.byline { +} + +div.dateline{ + text-align: right; +} +/* verse */ +div.lg { + margin-left: 10px; +} + +div.centerbold { + text-align:center; + font-weight: bold; +} +div.center { + text-align:center; +} +div.right { + text-align:right; +} +div.left { + text-align:left; +} +div.l { + text-align:left; +} +p.center { + text-align:center; +} +p.right { + text-align:right; +} +p.left { + text-align:left; +} +div.indent1 { + margin-left: 1em; +} +div.indent2 { + margin-left: 2em; +} +div.indent3 { + margin-left: 3em; +} +div.indent4 { + margin-left: 4em; +} +div.indent5 { + margin-left: 5em; +} +div.indent6 { + margin-left: 6em; +} +/* misc */ +.plain { + font-weight: bold; + text-decoration: none; + font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; + color: #C63904; +} + +p.box { + border: 1pt solid #000000; +} + +.small { + font-size: small; +} + +td.label { + font-weight: bold; + background-color: #AAAAAA; +} +tr.label td { + font-weight: bold; + background-color: #AAAAAA; +} + +span.label { + font-weight: bold; +} + +h5 { + font-size: 100%; +} +h6 { + font-size: 100%; +} + +div.tocFront { + border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; +} +div.tocBack { + border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; +} +div.tocBody { + border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; +} +/* a listBibl rend='labels' */ +div.listBibl { + margin-top: 6pt; + margin-bottom: 6pt; +} +div.bibl { + margin-left: 0.5em; + text-indent: -0.5em; +} +span.biblLabel { + font-weight: bold; + margin-right: 1em; +} + +/* a inside a */ +div.citbibl { + text-align:right; + font-size: smaller; +} +/* a inside a */ +div.citquote { +} + +/* gloss lists with bold labels */ +dt { + font-weight: bold; +} +div.blockquote { + margin: 10pt; +} + +/* generic */ +span.hi { + font-weight: bold; +} + +/* from drama */ +span.actor { + font-style:italic; +} +span.camera { + font-style: italic; +} +span.caption { + font-style: italic; +} +span.role { + font-style: italic; +} +span.set { + font-style: italic; +} +span.sound { + font-style: italic; +} +span.stage { + font-style: italic; +} +span.tech { + font-style: italic; +} +span.view { + font-style: italic; +} +span.mentioned { + font-style: italic; +} +span.nextLink { + font-style: italic; +} +span.previousLink { + font-style: italic; +} +span.upLink { + font-style: italic; +} +p, div.p { + margin-top: 0.3em; +} +/* bibl */ +span.titlem { + font-style: italic; +} +span.titleu { +} +span.titles { +} + +span.margnote { + display: block; + font-size: smaller; + clear: right; + padding: 4pt; + font-style: italic; + width: 10%; + float:right; + border: solid green 1pt; + margin: 6pt; +} + +div.floatingText_back { + border-top: solid black 1pt; +} +div.floatingText_front { + border-top: solid black 1pt; +} +div.floatingText { + margin: 6pt; + border: solid black 1pt; +} +span.pagebreak { + background-color: green; + font-weight: bold; +} +div.pagebreak { + display: block; + border: solid red 1pt; +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0001.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0001.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..133e512cdc45c964b3c016a6e286917a09fb49af --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0001.dp @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +Pierre NNP 2 +Vinken NNP 8 +, , 2 +61 CD 5 +years NNS 6 +old JJ 2 +, , 2 +will MD 0 +join VB 8 +the DT 11 +board NN 9 +as IN 9 +a DT 15 +nonexecutive JJ 15 +director NN 12 +Nov. NNP 9 +29 CD 16 +. . 8 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Vinken NNP 3 +is VBZ 0 +chairman NN 3 +of IN 4 +Elsevier NNP 7 +N.V. NNP 12 +, , 12 +the DT 12 +Dutch NNP 12 +publishing VBG 12 +group NN 5 +. . 3 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0004.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0004.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9ec439c4b48409b9ae60d852d0992687138b9980 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0004.dp @@ -0,0 +1,413 @@ +Yields NNS 6 +on IN 1 +money-market JJ 5 +mutual JJ 5 +funds NNS 2 +continued VBD 0 +to TO 8 +slide VB 6 +, , 6 +amid IN 6 +signs NNS 10 +that IN 11 +portfolio NN 14 +managers NNS 15 +expect VBP 12 +further JJ 17 +declines NNS 15 +in IN 17 +interest NN 20 +rates NNS 18 +. . 6 + +The DT 5 +average JJ 5 +seven-day JJ 5 +compound NN 5 +yield NN 18 +of IN 5 +the DT 10 +400 CD 10 +taxable JJ 10 +funds NNS 6 +tracked VBN 10 +by IN 11 +IBC NNP 14 +'s POS 17 +Money NNP 17 +Fund NNP 17 +Report NNP 12 +eased VBD 0 +a DT 20 +fraction NN 18 +of IN 20 +a DT 24 +percentage NN 24 +point NN 21 +to TO 18 +8.45 CD 27 +% NN 25 +from IN 18 +8.47 CD 30 +% NN 28 +for IN 18 +the DT 33 +week NN 31 +ended VBD 33 +Tuesday NNP 34 +. . 18 + +Compound NN 2 +yields NNS 3 +assume VBP 0 +reinvestment NN 3 +of IN 4 +dividends NNS 5 +and CC 4 +that IN 4 +the DT 11 +current JJ 11 +yield NN 12 +continues VBZ 8 +for IN 12 +a DT 15 +year NN 13 +. . 3 + +Average JJ 2 +maturity NN 8 +of IN 2 +the DT 6 +funds NNS 6 +' POS 7 +investments NNS 3 +lengthened VBD 0 +by IN 8 +a DT 11 +day NN 9 +to TO 8 +41 CD 14 +days NNS 17 +, , 17 +the DT 17 +longest JJS 12 +since IN 17 +early JJ 20 +August NNP 18 +, , 17 +according VBG 8 +to TO 22 +Donoghue NNP 25 +'s POS 23 +. . 8 + +Longer JJR 2 +maturities NNS 3 +are VBP 0 +thought VBN 3 +to TO 6 +indicate VB 4 +declining VBG 9 +interest NN 9 +rates NNS 6 +because IN 6 +they PRP 12 +permit VBP 10 +portfolio NN 14 +managers NNS 16 +to TO 16 +retain VB 12 +relatively RB 19 +higher JJR 19 +rates NNS 16 +for IN 16 +a DT 23 +longer JJR 23 +period NN 20 +. . 3 + +Shorter JJR 2 +maturities NNS 3 +are VBP 0 +considered VBN 3 +a DT 6 +sign NN 4 +of IN 6 +rising VBG 9 +rates NNS 7 +because IN 4 +portfolio NN 12 +managers NNS 13 +can MD 10 +capture VB 13 +higher JJR 16 +rates NNS 14 +sooner RB 14 +. . 3 + +The DT 3 +average JJ 3 +maturity NN 27 +for IN 3 +funds NNS 4 +open JJ 5 +only RB 8 +to TO 6 +institutions NNS 8 +, , 3 +considered VBN 3 +by IN 11 +some DT 12 +to TO 15 +be VB 11 +a DT 18 +stronger JJR 18 +indicator NN 15 +because IN 15 +those DT 21 +managers NNS 22 +watch VBP 19 +the DT 24 +market NN 22 +closely RB 22 +, , 3 +reached VBD 0 +a DT 30 +high JJ 30 +point NN 27 +for IN 30 +the DT 33 +year NN 31 +-- : 36 +33 CD 36 +days NNS 30 +. . 27 + +Nevertheless RB 16 +, , 3 +said VBD 16 +Brenda NNP 6 +Malizia NNP 6 +Negus NNP 8 +, , 8 +editor NN 3 +of IN 8 +Money NNP 12 +Fund NNP 12 +Report NNP 9 +, , 3 +yields NNS 16 +`` `` 16 +may MD 0 +blip VB 16 +up RP 17 +again RB 17 +before IN 17 +they PRP 22 +blip VBP 20 +down RP 22 +'' '' 17 +because IN 17 +of IN 25 +recent JJ 28 +rises NNS 25 +in IN 28 +short-term JJ 32 +interest NN 32 +rates NNS 29 +. . 16 + +The DT 2 +yield NN 16 +on IN 2 +six-month JJ 6 +Treasury NNP 6 +bills NNS 3 +sold VBN 6 +at IN 7 +Monday NNP 10 +'s POS 11 +auction NN 8 +, , 16 +for IN 16 +example NN 13 +, , 16 +rose VBD 0 +to TO 16 +8.04 CD 19 +% NN 17 +from IN 16 +7.90 CD 22 +% NN 20 +. . 16 + +Despite IN 8 +recent JJ 3 +declines NNS 1 +in IN 3 +yields NNS 4 +, , 8 +investors NNS 8 +continue VBP 0 +to TO 10 +pour VB 8 +cash NN 10 +into IN 10 +money NN 14 +funds NNS 12 +. . 8 + +Assets NNS 7 +of IN 1 +the DT 6 +400 CD 6 +taxable JJ 6 +funds NNS 2 +grew VBD 0 +by IN 7 +$ $ 8 +1.5 CD 9 +billion CD 9 +during IN 7 +the DT 15 +latest JJS 15 +week NN 12 +, , 7 +to TO 7 +$ $ 17 +352.7 CD 18 +billion CD 18 +. . 7 + +Typically RB 5 +, , 5 +money-fund NN 4 +yields NNS 5 +beat VBP 0 +comparable JJ 8 +short-term JJ 8 +investments NNS 5 +because IN 5 +portfolio NN 11 +managers NNS 12 +can MD 9 +vary VB 12 +maturities NNS 13 +and CC 13 +go VB 13 +after IN 16 +the DT 20 +highest JJS 20 +rates NNS 17 +. . 5 + +The DT 4 +top JJ 4 +money NN 4 +funds NNS 5 +are VBP 0 +currently RB 5 +yielding VBG 5 +well RB 9 +over IN 11 +9 CD 9 +% NN 7 +. . 5 + +Dreyfus NNP 3 +World-Wide NNP 3 +Dollar NNP 7 +, , 7 +the DT 7 +top-yielding JJ 7 +fund NN 9 +, , 7 +had VBD 0 +a DT 13 +seven-day JJ 13 +compound NN 13 +yield NN 9 +of IN 13 +9.37 CD 16 +% NN 14 +during IN 9 +the DT 20 +latest JJS 20 +week NN 17 +, , 9 +down RB 9 +from IN 22 +9.45 CD 25 +% NN 23 +a DT 27 +week NN 28 +earlier JJR 23 +. . 9 + +It PRP 2 +invests VBZ 0 +heavily RB 2 +in IN 2 +dollar-denominated JJ 6 +securities NNS 4 +overseas RB 2 +and CC 2 +is VBZ 2 +currently RB 9 +waiving VBG 9 +management NN 13 +fees NNS 11 +, , 11 +which WDT 11 +boosts VBZ 15 +its PRP$ 18 +yield NN 16 +. . 2 + +The DT 5 +average JJ 5 +seven-day JJ 5 +simple JJ 5 +yield NN 10 +of IN 5 +the DT 9 +400 CD 9 +funds NNS 6 +was VBD 0 +8.12 CD 12 +% NN 10 +, , 10 +down RB 10 +from IN 14 +8.14 CD 17 +% NN 15 +. . 10 + +The DT 4 +30-day JJ 4 +simple JJ 4 +yield NN 5 +fell VBD 19 +to TO 5 +an DT 10 +average JJ 10 +8.19 CD 10 +% NN 6 +from IN 5 +8.22 CD 13 +% NN 11 +; : 19 +the DT 18 +30-day JJ 18 +compound NN 18 +yield NN 19 +slid VBD 0 +to TO 19 +an DT 24 +average JJ 24 +8.53 CD 24 +% NN 20 +from IN 19 +8.56 CD 27 +% NN 25 +. . 19 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0005.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0005.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f80a566ee49d798c744f21032ff6362527c57f4e --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0005.dp @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +J.P. NNP 2 +Bolduc NNP 5 +, , 5 +vice NN 5 +chairman NN 23 +of IN 5 +W.R. NNP 10 +Grace NNP 10 +& CC 10 +Co. NNP 6 +, , 10 +which WDT 10 +holds VBZ 12 +a DT 17 +83.4 CD 16 +% NN 17 +interest NN 13 +in IN 17 +this DT 21 +energy-services JJ 21 +company NN 18 +, , 5 +was VBD 0 +elected VBN 23 +a DT 26 +director NN 24 +. . 23 + +He PRP 2 +succeeds VBZ 0 +Terrence NNP 5 +D. NNP 5 +Daniels NNP 12 +, , 12 +formerly RB 12 +a DT 12 +W.R. NNP 12 +Grace NNP 12 +vice NN 12 +chairman NN 2 +, , 12 +who WP 12 +resigned VBD 14 +. . 2 + +W.R. NNP 2 +Grace NNP 3 +holds VBZ 0 +three CD 3 +of IN 4 +Grace NNP 8 +Energy NNP 8 +'s POS 11 +seven CD 11 +board NN 11 +seats NNS 5 +. . 3 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0010.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0010.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2cbf16272487fc4edd5155d92d9fda1b05fb275e --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0010.dp @@ -0,0 +1,453 @@ +When WRB 16 +it PRP 3 +'s VBZ 1 +time NN 3 +for IN 4 +their PRP$ 8 +biannual JJ 8 +powwow NN 5 +, , 16 +the DT 12 +nation NN 12 +'s POS 14 +manufacturing VBG 14 +titans NNS 16 +typically RB 16 +jet VBP 0 +off RP 16 +to TO 16 +the DT 21 +sunny JJ 21 +confines NNS 18 +of IN 21 +resort NN 24 +towns NNS 22 +like IN 24 +Boca NNP 27 +Raton NNP 30 +and CC 30 +Hot NNP 30 +Springs NNP 25 +. . 16 + +Not RB 0 +this DT 3 +year NN 1 +. . 1 + +The DT 3 +National NNP 3 +Association NNP 6 +of IN 3 +Manufacturers NNP 4 +settled VBD 0 +on IN 6 +the DT 10 +Hoosier NNP 10 +capital NN 7 +of IN 10 +Indianapolis NNP 11 +for IN 6 +its PRP$ 17 +fall NN 17 +board NN 17 +meeting NN 13 +. . 6 + +And CC 4 +the DT 3 +city NN 4 +decided VBD 0 +to TO 6 +treat VB 4 +its PRP$ 8 +guests NNS 6 +more JJR 10 +like IN 6 +royalty NN 14 +or CC 14 +rock NN 14 +stars NNS 10 +than IN 10 +factory NN 17 +owners NNS 15 +. . 4 + +The DT 2 +idea NN 0 +, , 2 +of IN 2 +course NN 4 +: : 2 +to TO 8 +prove VB 2 +to TO 8 +125 CD 13 +corporate JJ 13 +decision NN 13 +makers NNS 9 +that IN 28 +the DT 16 +buckle NN 21 +on IN 16 +the DT 20 +Rust NNP 20 +Belt NNP 17 +is VBZ 14 +n't RB 21 +so RB 24 +rusty JJ 21 +after IN 21 +all DT 25 +, , 28 +that IN 8 +it PRP 30 +'s VBZ 28 +a DT 33 +good JJ 33 +place NN 30 +for IN 33 +a DT 36 +company NN 38 +to TO 38 +expand VB 34 +. . 2 + +On IN 8 +the DT 4 +receiving VBG 4 +end NN 1 +of IN 4 +the DT 7 +message NN 5 +were VBD 0 +officials NNS 8 +from IN 9 +giants NNS 21 +like IN 11 +Du NNP 14 +Pont NNP 16 +and CC 16 +Maytag NNP 12 +, , 21 +along IN 21 +with IN 18 +lesser JJR 21 +knowns NNS 10 +like IN 21 +Trojan NNP 24 +Steel NNP 30 +and CC 30 +the DT 30 +Valley NNP 30 +Queen NNP 30 +Cheese NNP 30 +Factory NNP 22 +. . 8 + +For IN 6 +starters NNS 1 +, , 6 +the DT 5 +executives NNS 6 +joined VBD 0 +Mayor NNP 11 +William NNP 11 +H. NNP 11 +Hudnut NNP 11 +III NNP 6 +for IN 6 +an DT 14 +evening NN 12 +of IN 14 +the DT 19 +Indianapolis NNP 19 +Symphony NNP 19 +Orchestra NNP 25 +and CC 25 +a DT 25 +guest NN 25 +pianist-comedian NN 25 +Victor NNP 25 +Borge NNP 15 +. . 6 + +Champagne NN 3 +and CC 3 +dessert NN 4 +followed VBD 0 +. . 4 + +The DT 3 +next JJ 3 +morning NN 16 +, , 16 +with IN 16 +a DT 8 +police NN 8 +escort NN 5 +, , 16 +busloads NNS 16 +of IN 10 +executives NNS 15 +and CC 15 +their PRP$ 15 +wives NNS 11 +raced VBD 0 +to TO 16 +the DT 21 +Indianapolis NNP 21 +Motor NNP 21 +Speedway NNP 17 +, , 16 +unimpeded JJ 16 +by IN 23 +traffic NN 28 +or CC 28 +red JJ 28 +lights NNS 24 +. . 16 + +The DT 2 +governor NN 3 +could MD 8 +n't RB 3 +make VB 3 +it PRP 5 +, , 8 +so IN 0 +the DT 11 +lieutenant NN 11 +governor NN 12 +welcomed VBD 8 +the DT 15 +special JJ 15 +guests NNS 12 +. . 8 + +A DT 3 +buffet NN 3 +breakfast NN 4 +was VBD 0 +held VBN 4 +in IN 5 +the DT 8 +museum NN 6 +, , 5 +where WRB 5 +food NN 13 +and CC 13 +drinks NNS 14 +are VBP 10 +banned VBN 14 +to TO 15 +everyday JJ 18 +visitors NNS 16 +. . 4 + +Then RB 11 +, , 11 +in IN 11 +the DT 6 +guests NNS 6 +' POS 7 +honor NN 3 +, , 11 +the DT 10 +speedway NN 11 +hauled VBD 0 +out RP 11 +four CD 14 +drivers NNS 23 +, , 23 +crews NNS 23 +and CC 23 +even RB 23 +the DT 23 +official JJ 23 +Indianapolis NNP 23 +500 CD 23 +announcer NN 11 +for IN 11 +a DT 28 +10-lap JJ 28 +exhibition NN 28 +race NN 24 +. . 11 + +After IN 8 +the DT 3 +race NN 1 +, , 8 +Fortune NNP 7 +500 CD 7 +executives NNS 8 +drooled VBD 0 +like IN 8 +schoolboys NNS 9 +over IN 8 +the DT 15 +cars NNS 15 +and CC 15 +drivers NNS 11 +. . 8 + +No DT 2 +dummies NNS 6 +, , 6 +the DT 5 +drivers NNS 6 +pointed VBD 0 +out RP 6 +they PRP 10 +still RB 10 +had VBD 6 +space NN 10 +on IN 11 +their PRP$ 14 +machines NNS 12 +for IN 11 +another DT 18 +sponsor NN 18 +'s POS 19 +name NN 21 +or CC 21 +two CD 15 +. . 6 + +Back RB 6 +downtown NN 1 +, , 6 +the DT 5 +execs NNS 6 +squeezed VBD 0 +in RP 6 +a DT 10 +few JJ 10 +meetings NNS 6 +at IN 10 +the DT 13 +hotel NN 11 +before IN 6 +boarding VBG 14 +the DT 17 +buses NNS 15 +again RB 15 +. . 6 + +This DT 2 +time NN 5 +, , 5 +it PRP 5 +was VBD 0 +for IN 5 +dinner NN 9 +and CC 9 +dancing NN 6 +-- : 9 +a DT 12 +block NN 13 +away RB 9 +. . 5 + +Under IN 20 +the DT 5 +stars NNS 5 +and CC 5 +moons NNS 1 +of IN 5 +the DT 11 +renovated VBN 11 +Indiana NNP 11 +Roof NNP 11 +ballroom NN 6 +, , 20 +nine CD 20 +of IN 13 +the DT 17 +hottest JJS 17 +chefs NNS 14 +in IN 17 +town NN 18 +fed VBD 0 +them PRP 20 +Indiana NNP 24 +duckling NN 24 +mousseline NN 33 +, , 33 +lobster NN 27 +consomme NN 33 +, , 33 +veal NN 30 +mignon NN 33 +and CC 33 +chocolate JJ 33 +terrine NN 20 +with IN 33 +a DT 37 +raspberry NN 37 +sauce NN 34 +. . 20 + +Knowing VBG 16 +a DT 8 +tasty JJ 8 +-- : 6 +and CC 6 +free JJ 3 +-- : 6 +meal NN 1 +when WRB 1 +they PRP 11 +eat VBP 9 +one CD 11 +, , 16 +the DT 15 +executives NNS 16 +gave VBD 0 +the DT 18 +chefs NNS 16 +a DT 21 +standing JJ 21 +ovation NN 16 +. . 16 + +More JJR 6 +than IN 1 +a DT 5 +few JJ 5 +CEOs NNS 2 +say VBP 0 +the DT 9 +red-carpet JJ 9 +treatment NN 10 +tempts VBZ 6 +them PRP 13 +to TO 13 +return VB 10 +to TO 13 +a DT 17 +heartland NN 17 +city NN 14 +for IN 13 +future JJ 20 +meetings NNS 18 +. . 6 + +But CC 6 +for IN 6 +now RB 2 +, , 6 +they PRP 6 +'re VBP 0 +looking VBG 6 +forward RB 7 +to TO 7 +their PRP$ 12 +winter NN 12 +meeting NN 9 +-- : 15 +Boca NNP 15 +in IN 12 +February NNP 15 +. . 6 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0012.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0012.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..46371d97d817b1853434340ebeded65ce79589ea --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0012.dp @@ -0,0 +1,442 @@ +Newsweek NNP 12 +, , 12 +trying VBG 12 +to TO 5 +keep VB 3 +pace NN 5 +with IN 5 +rival JJ 10 +Time NNP 10 +magazine NN 7 +, , 12 +announced VBD 0 +new JJ 15 +advertising NN 15 +rates NNS 12 +for IN 15 +1990 CD 16 +and CC 12 +said VBD 12 +it PRP 21 +will MD 19 +introduce VB 21 +a DT 26 +new JJ 26 +incentive NN 26 +plan NN 22 +for IN 26 +advertisers NNS 27 +. . 12 + +The DT 4 +new JJ 4 +ad NN 4 +plan NN 16 +from IN 4 +Newsweek NNP 9 +, , 9 +a DT 9 +unit NN 5 +of IN 9 +the DT 14 +Washington NNP 14 +Post NNP 14 +Co. NNP 10 +, , 9 +is VBZ 0 +the DT 20 +second JJ 20 +incentive NN 20 +plan NN 16 +the DT 22 +magazine NN 23 +has VBZ 20 +offered VBN 23 +advertisers NNS 24 +in IN 24 +three CD 28 +years NNS 26 +. . 16 + +Plans NNS 12 +that WDT 1 +give VBP 2 +advertisers NNS 3 +discounts NNS 3 +for IN 5 +maintaining VBG 6 +or CC 7 +increasing VBG 7 +ad NN 11 +spending NN 7 +have VBP 0 +become VBN 12 +permanent JJ 15 +fixtures NNS 13 +at IN 15 +the DT 19 +news NN 19 +weeklies NNS 16 +and CC 12 +underscore VBP 12 +the DT 24 +fierce JJ 24 +competition NN 21 +between IN 24 +Newsweek NNP 44 +, , 44 +Time NNP 31 +Warner NNP 31 +Inc. NNP 31 +'s POS 33 +Time NNP 33 +magazine NN 44 +, , 44 +and CC 44 +Mortimer NNP 39 +B. NNP 39 +Zuckerman NNP 39 +'s POS 44 +U.S. NNP 44 +News NNP 44 +& CC 44 +World NNP 44 +Report NNP 25 +. . 12 + +Alan NNP 2 +Spoon NNP 9 +, , 2 +recently RB 5 +named VBN 2 +Newsweek NNP 7 +president NN 5 +, , 2 +said VBD 0 +Newsweek NNP 11 +'s POS 13 +ad NN 13 +rates NNS 14 +would MD 9 +increase VB 14 +5 CD 17 +% NN 15 +in IN 15 +January NNP 18 +. . 9 + +A DT 5 +full JJ 5 +, , 5 +four-color JJ 5 +page NN 8 +in IN 5 +Newsweek NNP 6 +will MD 0 +cost VB 8 +$ $ 11 +100,980 CD 9 +. . 8 + +In IN 6 +mid-October NNP 1 +, , 6 +Time NNP 5 +magazine NN 6 +lowered VBD 45 +its PRP$ 11 +guaranteed VBN 11 +circulation NN 11 +rate NN 11 +base NN 6 +for IN 11 +1990 CD 12 +while IN 6 +not RB 16 +increasing VBG 14 +ad NN 19 +page NN 19 +rates NNS 16 +; : 45 +with IN 31 +a DT 25 +lower JJR 25 +circulation NN 25 +base NN 21 +, , 31 +Time NNP 28 +'s POS 30 +ad NN 30 +rate NN 31 +will MD 45 +be VB 31 +effectively RB 32 +7.5 CD 35 +% NN 36 +higher JJR 32 +per IN 32 +subscriber NN 37 +; : 45 +a DT 42 +full JJ 42 +page NN 45 +in IN 42 +Time NNP 43 +costs VBZ 0 +about IN 47 +$ $ 45 +120,000 CD 47 +. . 45 + +U.S. NNP 2 +News NNP 3 +has VBZ 0 +yet RB 3 +to TO 6 +announce VB 3 +its PRP$ 10 +1990 CD 10 +ad NN 10 +rates NNS 6 +. . 3 + +Newsweek NNP 2 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 4 +will MD 2 +introduce VB 4 +the DT 9 +Circulation NNP 9 +Credit NNP 9 +Plan NNP 5 +, , 9 +which WDT 9 +awards VBZ 11 +space NN 14 +credits NNS 12 +to TO 12 +advertisers NNS 15 +on IN 12 +`` `` 17 +renewal NN 20 +advertising NN 17 +. . 2 +'' '' 2 + +The DT 2 +magazine NN 3 +will MD 0 +reward VB 3 +with IN 4 +`` `` 5 +page NN 8 +bonuses NNS 5 +'' '' 5 +advertisers NNS 4 +who WP 10 +in IN 14 +1990 CD 12 +meet VBP 11 +or CC 14 +exceed VBP 14 +their PRP$ 19 +1989 CD 19 +spending NN 14 +, , 4 +as RB 4 +long RB 21 +as IN 21 +they PRP 25 +spent VBD 23 +$ $ 27 +325,000 CD 25 +in IN 25 +1989 CD 28 +and CC 25 +$ $ 32 +340,000 CD 25 +in IN 32 +1990 CD 33 +. . 3 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Spoon NNP 3 +said VBD 30 +the DT 5 +plan NN 6 +is VBZ 3 +not RB 6 +an DT 9 +attempt NN 6 +to TO 11 +shore VB 9 +up RP 11 +a DT 14 +decline NN 11 +in IN 14 +ad NN 17 +pages NNS 15 +in IN 14 +the DT 22 +first JJ 22 +nine CD 22 +months NNS 18 +of IN 22 +1989 CD 23 +; : 30 +Newsweek NNP 27 +'s POS 29 +ad NN 29 +pages NNS 30 +totaled VBD 0 +1,620 CD 34 +, , 34 +a DT 34 +drop NN 30 +of IN 34 +3.2 CD 37 +% NN 35 +from IN 34 +last JJ 40 +year NN 38 +, , 30 +according VBG 30 +to TO 42 +Publishers NNP 46 +Information NNP 46 +Bureau NNP 43 +. . 30 + +`` `` 24 +What WP 4 +matters VBZ 2 +is VBZ 17 +what WP 4 +advertisers NNS 7 +are VBP 5 +paying VBG 7 +per IN 8 +page NN 9 +, , 17 +and CC 17 +in IN 17 +that DT 15 +department NN 13 +we PRP 17 +are VBP 24 +doing VBG 17 +fine RB 18 +this DT 21 +fall NN 18 +, , 24 +'' '' 24 +said VBD 0 +Mr. NNP 26 +Spoon NNP 24 +. . 24 + +Both DT 5 +Newsweek NNP 5 +and CC 5 +U.S. NNP 5 +News NNP 6 +have VBP 0 +been VBN 6 +gaining VBG 7 +circulation NN 8 +in IN 8 +recent JJ 12 +years NNS 10 +without IN 8 +heavy JJ 15 +use NN 13 +of IN 15 +electronic JJ 18 +giveaways NNS 16 +to TO 18 +subscribers NNS 19 +, , 18 +such JJ 23 +as IN 18 +telephones NNS 26 +or CC 26 +watches NNS 23 +. . 6 + +However RB 9 +, , 9 +none NN 9 +of IN 3 +the DT 8 +big JJ 8 +three CD 8 +weeklies NNS 4 +recorded VBD 0 +circulation NN 11 +gains NNS 9 +recently RB 9 +. . 9 + +According VBG 14 +to TO 1 +Audit NNP 4 +Bureau NNP 2 +of IN 4 +Circulations NNP 5 +, , 14 +Time NNP 11 +, , 11 +the DT 11 +largest JJS 14 +newsweekly RB 11 +, , 11 +had VBD 0 +average JJ 16 +circulation NN 14 +of IN 16 +4,393,237 CD 21 +, , 21 +a DT 21 +decrease NN 17 +of IN 21 +7.3 CD 24 +% NN 22 +. . 14 + +Newsweek NNP 2 +'s POS 3 +circulation NN 11 +for IN 3 +the DT 8 +first JJ 8 +six CD 8 +months NNS 4 +of IN 8 +1989 CD 9 +was VBD 0 +3,288,453 CD 11 +, , 11 +flat JJ 11 +from IN 14 +the DT 20 +same JJ 20 +period NN 20 +last JJ 20 +year NN 15 +. . 11 + +U.S. NNP 3 +News NNP 3 +' POS 4 +circulation NN 9 +in IN 4 +the DT 8 +same JJ 8 +time NN 5 +was VBD 0 +2,303,328 CD 9 +, , 9 +down RB 9 +2.6 CD 14 +% NN 12 +. . 9 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0014.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0014.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cde7b6d72a5ec41587bf9984bbb054cb1cdbfffb --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0014.dp @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +Norman NNP 2 +Ricken NNP 29 +, , 2 +52 CD 5 +years NNS 6 +old JJ 2 +and CC 6 +former JJ 13 +president NN 13 +and CC 13 +chief NN 13 +operating VBG 13 +officer NN 6 +of IN 13 +Toys NNPS 20 +`` `` 20 +R NNP 20 +'' '' 20 +Us NNP 20 +Inc. NNP 14 +, , 29 +and CC 29 +Frederick NNP 25 +Deane NNP 25 +Jr. NNP 29 +, , 29 +63 CD 29 +, , 29 +chairman NN 35 +of IN 29 +Signet NNP 33 +Banking NNP 33 +Corp. NNP 30 +, , 29 +were VBD 0 +elected VBN 35 +directors NNS 36 +of IN 37 +this DT 45 +consumer NN 45 +electronics NNS 45 +and CC 45 +appliances NNS 45 +retailing NN 45 +chain NN 38 +. . 35 + +They PRP 2 +succeed VBP 0 +Daniel NNP 5 +M. NNP 5 +Rexinger NNP 12 +, , 12 +retired VBN 12 +Circuit NNP 12 +City NNP 12 +executive JJ 12 +vice NN 12 +president NN 21 +, , 21 +and CC 21 +Robert NNP 17 +R. NNP 17 +Glauber NNP 21 +, , 21 +U.S. NNP 21 +Treasury NNP 21 +undersecretary NN 2 +, , 21 +on IN 2 +the DT 26 +12-member JJ 26 +board NN 23 +. . 2 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0015.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0015.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b341df4d9c4e1ef04a948fbe04147b3ac536ffc --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0015.dp @@ -0,0 +1,590 @@ +Commonwealth NNP 3 +Edison NNP 3 +Co. NNP 4 +was VBD 0 +ordered VBN 4 +to TO 7 +refund VB 5 +about IN 9 +$ $ 7 +250 CD 9 +million CD 9 +to TO 7 +its PRP$ 17 +current JJ 17 +and CC 17 +former JJ 17 +ratepayers NNS 12 +for IN 7 +illegal JJ 20 +rates NNS 18 +collected VBN 20 +for IN 21 +cost NN 24 +overruns NNS 22 +on IN 24 +a DT 29 +nuclear JJ 29 +power NN 29 +plant NN 25 +. . 4 + +The DT 2 +refund NN 3 +was VBD 20 +about IN 5 +$ $ 8 +55 CD 5 +million CD 5 +more JJR 3 +than IN 8 +previously RB 11 +ordered VBN 9 +by IN 11 +the DT 16 +Illinois NNP 16 +Commerce NNP 16 +Commission NNP 12 +and CC 20 +trade NN 19 +groups NNS 20 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 22 +may MD 20 +be VB 22 +the DT 25 +largest JJS 23 +ever RB 27 +required VBN 25 +of IN 27 +a DT 33 +state NN 33 +or CC 30 +local JJ 30 +utility NN 28 +. . 20 + +State NN 5 +court NN 5 +Judge NNP 5 +Richard NNP 5 +Curry NNP 6 +ordered VBD 0 +Edison NNP 6 +to TO 9 +make VB 6 +average JJ 11 +refunds NNS 9 +of IN 11 +about IN 17 +$ $ 17 +45 CD 17 +to TO 17 +$ $ 12 +50 CD 17 +each DT 17 +to TO 9 +Edison NNP 22 +customers NNS 20 +who WP 22 +have VBP 23 +received VBN 24 +electric JJ 27 +service NN 25 +since IN 25 +April NNP 28 +1986 CD 29 +, , 22 +including VBG 22 +about IN 36 +two CD 33 +million CD 33 +customers NNS 32 +who WP 36 +have VBP 37 +moved VBN 38 +during IN 39 +that DT 42 +period NN 40 +. . 6 + +Judge NNP 2 +Curry NNP 3 +ordered VBD 0 +the DT 5 +refunds NNS 3 +to TO 7 +begin VB 3 +Feb. NNP 7 +1 CD 8 +and CC 3 +said VBD 3 +that IN 11 +he PRP 14 +would MD 12 +n't RB 14 +entertain VB 14 +any DT 18 +appeals NNS 21 +or CC 21 +other JJ 21 +attempts NNS 16 +to TO 23 +block VB 21 +his PRP$ 25 +order NN 23 +by IN 21 +Commonwealth NNP 28 +Edison NNP 26 +. . 3 + +`` `` 20 +The DT 4 +refund NN 4 +pool NN 6 +... : 6 +may MD 20 +not RB 6 +be VB 6 +held VBN 8 +hostage NN 9 +through IN 9 +another DT 13 +round NN 11 +of IN 13 +appeals NNS 14 +, , 20 +'' '' 20 +Judge NNP 19 +Curry NNP 20 +said VBD 0 +. . 20 + +Commonwealth NNP 2 +Edison NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 5 +is VBZ 3 +already RB 5 +appealing VBG 5 +the DT 11 +underlying VBG 11 +commission NN 11 +order NN 7 +and CC 5 +is VBZ 5 +considering VBG 13 +appealing VBG 14 +Judge NNP 18 +Curry NNP 18 +'s POS 19 +order NN 15 +. . 3 + +The DT 3 +exact JJ 3 +amount NN 7 +of IN 3 +the DT 6 +refund NN 4 +will MD 0 +be VB 7 +determined VBN 8 +next JJ 11 +year NN 9 +based VBN 9 +on IN 12 +actual JJ 15 +collections NNS 13 +made VBN 15 +until IN 16 +Dec. NNP 17 +31 CD 18 +of IN 18 +this DT 22 +year NN 20 +. . 7 + +Commonwealth NNP 2 +Edison NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +the DT 5 +ruling NN 6 +could MD 3 +force VB 6 +it PRP 10 +to TO 10 +slash VB 7 +its PRP$ 13 +1989 CD 13 +earnings NNS 10 +by IN 10 +$ $ 16 +1.55 CD 18 +a DT 18 +share NN 14 +. . 3 + +For IN 6 +1988 CD 1 +, , 6 +Commonwealth NNP 5 +Edison NNP 6 +reported VBD 0 +earnings NNS 6 +of IN 7 +$ $ 17 +737.5 CD 9 +million CD 9 +, , 17 +or CC 17 +$ $ 15 +3.01 CD 17 +a DT 17 +share NN 8 +. . 6 + +A DT 4 +Commonwealth NNP 4 +Edison NNP 4 +spokesman NN 5 +said VBD 0 +that IN 5 +tracking VBG 23 +down RP 7 +the DT 12 +two CD 11 +million CD 12 +customers NNS 7 +whose WP$ 12 +addresses NNS 13 +have VBP 13 +changed VBN 15 +during IN 16 +the DT 22 +past JJ 22 +3 CD 21 +1\/2 CD 22 +years NNS 17 +would MD 6 +be VB 23 +`` `` 24 +an DT 28 +administrative JJ 28 +nightmare NN 24 +. . 5 +'' '' 5 + +In IN 12 +New NNP 7 +York NNP 7 +Stock NNP 7 +Exchange NNP 7 +composite JJ 7 +trading NN 1 +yesterday NN 12 +, , 12 +Commonwealth NNP 11 +Edison NNP 12 +closed VBD 0 +at IN 12 +$ $ 15 +38.375 CD 13 +, , 12 +down RB 12 +12.5 CD 19 +cents NNS 17 +. . 12 + +The DT 7 +$ $ 7 +2.5 CD 2 +billion CD 2 +Byron NNP 7 +1 CD 7 +plant NN 13 +near IN 7 +Rockford NNP 11 +, , 11 +Ill. NNP 8 +, , 11 +was VBD 0 +completed VBN 13 +in IN 14 +1985 CD 15 +. . 13 + +In IN 10 +a DT 5 +disputed VBN 5 +1985 CD 5 +ruling NN 1 +, , 10 +the DT 9 +Commerce NNP 9 +Commission NNP 10 +said VBD 0 +Commonwealth NNP 12 +Edison NNP 13 +could MD 10 +raise VB 13 +its PRP$ 17 +electricity NN 17 +rates NNS 14 +by IN 14 +$ $ 18 +49 CD 19 +million CD 19 +to TO 23 +pay VB 14 +for IN 23 +the DT 26 +plant NN 24 +. . 10 + +But CC 4 +state NN 3 +courts NNS 4 +upheld VBD 0 +a DT 6 +challenge NN 4 +by IN 6 +consumer NN 9 +groups NNS 7 +to TO 6 +the DT 13 +commission NN 13 +'s POS 15 +rate NN 15 +increase NN 10 +and CC 4 +found VBD 4 +the DT 19 +rates NNS 20 +illegal JJ 17 +. . 4 + +The DT 4 +Illinois NNP 4 +Supreme NNP 4 +Court NNP 5 +ordered VBD 0 +the DT 7 +commission NN 5 +to TO 9 +audit VB 5 +Commonwealth NNP 12 +Edison NNP 12 +'s POS 14 +construction NN 14 +expenses NNS 9 +and CC 9 +refund VB 9 +any DT 19 +unreasonable JJ 19 +expenses NNS 16 +. . 5 + +The DT 2 +utility NN 3 +has VBZ 0 +been VBN 3 +collecting VBG 4 +for IN 5 +the DT 9 +plant NN 9 +'s POS 11 +construction NN 11 +cost NN 6 +from IN 5 +its PRP$ 16 +3.1 CD 15 +million CD 16 +customers NNS 12 +subject JJ 16 +to TO 17 +a DT 20 +refund NN 18 +since IN 5 +1986 CD 21 +. . 3 + +In IN 6 +August NNP 1 +, , 6 +the DT 5 +commission NN 6 +ruled VBD 0 +that IN 6 +between IN 13 +$ $ 13 +190 CD 13 +million CD 13 +and CC 13 +$ $ 22 +195 CD 13 +million CD 13 +of IN 13 +the DT 19 +plant NN 19 +'s POS 21 +construction NN 21 +cost NN 16 +was VBD 7 +unreasonable JJ 22 +and CC 22 +should MD 22 +be VB 25 +refunded VBN 26 +, , 27 +plus CC 27 +interest NN 29 +. . 6 + +In IN 7 +his PRP$ 3 +ruling NN 1 +, , 7 +Judge NNP 6 +Curry NNP 7 +added VBD 0 +an DT 9 +additional JJ 7 +$ $ 9 +55 CD 10 +million CD 10 +to TO 7 +the DT 16 +commission NN 16 +'s POS 17 +calculations NNS 13 +. . 7 + +Last JJ 2 +month NN 6 +, , 6 +Judge NNP 5 +Curry NNP 6 +set VBD 0 +the DT 9 +interest NN 9 +rate NN 6 +on IN 9 +the DT 12 +refund NN 10 +at IN 6 +9 CD 15 +% NN 13 +. . 6 + +Commonwealth NNP 2 +Edison NNP 4 +now RB 4 +faces VBZ 0 +an DT 8 +additional JJ 8 +court-ordered JJ 8 +refund NN 4 +on IN 8 +its PRP$ 14 +summer\/winter JJ 14 +rate NN 14 +differential JJ 14 +collections NNS 9 +that IN 8 +the DT 19 +Illinois NNP 19 +Appellate NNP 19 +Court NNP 20 +has VBZ 15 +estimated VBN 20 +at IN 21 +$ $ 22 +140 CD 23 +million CD 23 +. . 4 + +And CC 4 +consumer NN 3 +groups NNS 4 +hope VBP 0 +that IN 4 +Judge NNP 8 +Curry NNP 8 +'s POS 11 +Byron NNP 11 +1 CD 11 +order NN 12 +may MD 5 +set VB 12 +a DT 15 +precedent NN 13 +for IN 15 +a DT 21 +second JJ 21 +nuclear JJ 21 +rate NN 21 +case NN 16 +involving VBG 15 +Commonwealth NNP 25 +Edison NNP 25 +'s POS 28 +Braidwood NNP 28 +2 CD 28 +plant NN 22 +. . 4 + +Commonwealth NNP 2 +Edison NNP 3 +is VBZ 0 +seeking VBG 3 +about IN 6 +$ $ 4 +245 CD 6 +million CD 6 +in IN 6 +rate NN 11 +increases NNS 9 +to TO 13 +pay VB 6 +for IN 13 +Braidwood NNP 14 +2 CD 15 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +commission NN 3 +is VBZ 0 +expected VBN 3 +to TO 6 +rule VB 4 +on IN 6 +the DT 11 +Braidwood NNP 11 +2 CD 11 +case NN 7 +by IN 6 +year NN 14 +end NN 12 +. . 3 + +Last JJ 2 +year NN 5 +Commonwealth NNP 4 +Edison NNP 5 +had VBD 0 +to TO 7 +refund VB 5 +$ $ 7 +72.7 CD 8 +million CD 8 +for IN 7 +poor JJ 13 +performance NN 11 +of IN 13 +its PRP$ 19 +LaSalle NNP 19 +I NNP 19 +nuclear JJ 19 +plant NN 14 +. . 5 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0017.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0017.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0382edae614d2ca6e9736bb2d731c2671edd2e0e --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0017.dp @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +Texas NNP 4 +Instruments NNPS 4 +Japan NNP 4 +Ltd. NNP 7 +, , 7 +a DT 7 +unit NN 13 +of IN 7 +Texas NNP 11 +Instruments NNPS 11 +Inc. NNP 8 +, , 7 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 15 +opened VBD 13 +a DT 17 +plant NN 15 +in IN 15 +South NNP 20 +Korea NNP 18 +to TO 22 +manufacture VB 15 +control NN 24 +devices NNS 22 +. . 13 + +The DT 3 +new JJ 3 +plant NN 14 +, , 3 +located VBN 3 +in IN 5 +Chinchon NNP 6 +about IN 10 +60 CD 8 +miles NNS 11 +from IN 7 +Seoul NNP 11 +, , 3 +will MD 30 +help VB 14 +meet VB 15 +increasing VBG 19 +and CC 19 +diversifying VBG 20 +demand NN 16 +for IN 20 +control NN 23 +products NNS 21 +in IN 20 +South NNP 26 +Korea NNP 24 +, , 30 +the DT 29 +company NN 30 +said VBD 0 +. . 30 + +The DT 2 +plant NN 3 +will MD 0 +produce VB 3 +control NN 6 +devices NNS 4 +used VBN 6 +in IN 7 +motor NN 10 +vehicles NNS 13 +and CC 13 +household NN 13 +appliances NNS 8 +. . 3 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0020.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0020.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65f04ed9062132c65fb0804110078ed3d2862bdd --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0020.dp @@ -0,0 +1,631 @@ +The DT 2 +U.S. NNP 12 +, , 12 +claiming VBG 12 +some DT 6 +success NN 4 +in IN 6 +its PRP$ 10 +trade NN 10 +diplomacy NN 7 +, , 12 +removed VBD 0 +South NNP 14 +Korea NNP 19 +, , 19 +Taiwan NNP 19 +and CC 19 +Saudi NNP 19 +Arabia NNP 12 +from IN 12 +a DT 22 +list NN 20 +of IN 22 +countries NNS 23 +it PRP 26 +is VBZ 24 +closely RB 28 +watching VBG 26 +for IN 28 +allegedly RB 31 +failing VBG 29 +to TO 33 +honor VB 31 +U.S. NNP 33 +patents NNS 41 +, , 41 +copyrights NNS 41 +and CC 41 +other JJ 41 +intellectual-property JJ 41 +rights NNS 34 +. . 12 + +However RB 17 +, , 17 +five CD 5 +other JJ 5 +countries NNS 15 +-- : 15 +China NNP 15 +, , 15 +Thailand NNP 15 +, , 15 +India NNP 15 +, , 15 +Brazil NNP 15 +and CC 15 +Mexico NNP 17 +-- : 15 +will MD 38 +remain VB 17 +on IN 18 +that DT 24 +so-called JJ 24 +priority NN 24 +watch NN 24 +list NN 19 +as IN 18 +a DT 27 +result NN 25 +of IN 27 +an DT 31 +interim JJ 31 +review NN 28 +, , 38 +U.S. NNP 37 +Trade NNP 37 +Representative NNP 37 +Carla NNP 37 +Hills NNP 38 +announced VBD 0 +. . 38 + +Under IN 10 +the DT 6 +new JJ 6 +U.S. NNP 6 +trade NN 6 +law NN 1 +, , 10 +those DT 9 +countries NNS 10 +could MD 0 +face VB 10 +accelerated JJ 14 +unfair-trade JJ 14 +investigations NNS 18 +and CC 18 +stiff JJ 18 +trade NN 18 +sanctions NNS 11 +if IN 11 +they PRP 21 +do VBP 19 +n't RB 21 +improve VB 21 +their PRP$ 25 +protection NN 23 +of IN 25 +intellectual JJ 28 +property NN 26 +by IN 23 +next JJ 31 +spring NN 29 +. . 10 + +Mrs. NNP 2 +Hills NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +many JJ 17 +of IN 4 +the DT 8 +25 CD 8 +countries NNS 5 +that IN 8 +she PRP 11 +placed VBD 9 +under IN 11 +varying VBG 14 +degrees NNS 12 +of IN 14 +scrutiny NN 15 +have VBP 3 +made VBN 17 +`` `` 18 +genuine JJ 21 +progress NN 18 +'' '' 21 +on IN 21 +this DT 26 +touchy JJ 26 +issue NN 23 +. . 3 + +She PRP 2 +said VBD 0 +there EX 4 +is VBZ 2 +`` `` 4 +growing VBG 7 +realization NN 4 +'' '' 4 +around IN 4 +the DT 11 +world NN 9 +that DT 4 +denial NN 17 +of IN 13 +intellectual-property JJ 16 +rights NNS 14 +harms VBZ 12 +all DT 20 +trading VBG 20 +nations NNS 28 +, , 28 +and CC 28 +particularly RB 28 +the DT 28 +`` `` 28 +creativity NN 28 +and CC 28 +inventiveness NN 17 +of IN 28 +an DT 35 +-LCB- -LRB- 35 +offending VBG 35 +-RCB- -RRB- 35 +country NN 35 +'s POS 37 +own JJ 37 +citizens NNS 29 +. . 2 +'' '' 2 + +U.S. NNP 3 +trade NN 3 +negotiators NNS 4 +argue VBP 0 +that IN 4 +countries NNS 13 +with IN 6 +inadequate JJ 9 +protections NNS 7 +for IN 9 +intellectual-property JJ 12 +rights NNS 10 +could MD 5 +be VB 13 +hurting VBG 14 +themselves PRP 15 +by IN 15 +discouraging VBG 17 +their PRP$ 23 +own JJ 23 +scientists NNS 23 +and CC 23 +authors NNS 18 +and CC 17 +by IN 17 +deterring VBG 25 +U.S. NNP 29 +high-technology NN 29 +firms NNS 26 +from IN 26 +investing VBG 30 +or CC 31 +marketing VBG 31 +their PRP$ 36 +best JJS 36 +products NNS 33 +there RB 31 +. . 4 + +Mrs. NNP 2 +Hills NNP 3 +lauded VBD 0 +South NNP 5 +Korea NNP 3 +for IN 3 +creating VBG 6 +an DT 11 +intellectual-property JJ 11 +task NN 11 +force NN 15 +and CC 15 +special JJ 15 +enforcement NN 15 +teams NNS 7 +of IN 15 +police NN 18 +officers NNS 20 +and CC 20 +prosecutors NNS 16 +trained VBN 15 +to TO 23 +pursue VB 21 +movie NN 27 +and CC 27 +book NN 27 +pirates NNS 23 +. . 3 + +Seoul NNP 3 +also RB 3 +has VBZ 14 +instituted VBN 3 +effective JJ 7 +search-and-seizure JJ 7 +procedures NNS 4 +to TO 9 +aid VB 7 +these DT 11 +teams NNS 9 +, , 14 +she PRP 14 +said VBD 0 +. . 14 + +Taiwan NNP 2 +has VBZ 0 +improved VBN 2 +its PRP$ 5 +standing NN 3 +with IN 5 +the DT 8 +U.S. NNP 6 +by IN 3 +initialing VBG 9 +a DT 14 +bilateral JJ 14 +copyright NN 14 +agreement NN 10 +, , 10 +amending VBG 10 +its PRP$ 19 +trademark NN 19 +law NN 16 +and CC 10 +introducing VBG 10 +legislation NN 21 +to TO 24 +protect VB 22 +foreign JJ 27 +movie NN 27 +producers NNS 24 +from IN 24 +unauthorized JJ 30 +showings NNS 28 +of IN 30 +their PRP$ 33 +films NNS 31 +. . 2 + +That DT 2 +measure NN 3 +could MD 0 +compel VB 3 +Taipei NNP 6 +'s POS 8 +growing VBG 8 +number NN 14 +of IN 8 +small JJ 12 +video-viewing JJ 12 +parlors NNS 9 +to TO 14 +pay VB 4 +movie NN 16 +producers NNS 14 +for IN 14 +showing VBG 17 +their PRP$ 20 +films NNS 18 +. . 3 + +Saudi NNP 2 +Arabia NNP 8 +, , 4 +for IN 8 +its PRP$ 6 +part NN 4 +, , 4 +has VBZ 36 +vowed VBN 8 +to TO 11 +enact VB 21 +a DT 14 +copyright NN 14 +law NN 11 +compatible JJ 14 +with IN 15 +international JJ 18 +standards NNS 16 +and CC 21 +to TO 21 +apply VB 9 +the DT 23 +law NN 21 +to TO 21 +computer NN 26 +software NN 24 +as RB 24 +well RB 27 +as IN 27 +to TO 24 +literary JJ 32 +works NNS 30 +, , 36 +Mrs. NNP 35 +Hills NNP 36 +said VBD 0 +. . 36 + +These DT 3 +three CD 3 +countries NNS 4 +are VBP 0 +n't RB 4 +completely RB 7 +off IN 4 +the DT 9 +hook NN 7 +, , 4 +though RB 4 +. . 4 + +They PRP 2 +will MD 0 +remain VB 2 +on IN 3 +a DT 7 +lower-priority JJ 7 +list NN 4 +that WDT 7 +includes VBZ 8 +17 CD 12 +other JJ 12 +countries NNS 9 +. . 2 + +Those DT 2 +countries NNS 15 +-- : 4 +including IN 2 +Japan NNP 13 +, , 13 +Italy NNP 13 +, , 13 +Canada NNP 13 +, , 13 +Greece NNP 13 +and CC 13 +Spain NNP 4 +-- : 4 +are VBP 0 +still RB 15 +of IN 15 +some DT 19 +concern NN 17 +to TO 15 +the DT 22 +U.S. NNP 20 +but CC 15 +are VBP 15 +deemed VBN 24 +to TO 27 +pose VB 25 +less-serious JJ 29 +problems NNS 27 +for IN 29 +American JJ 35 +patent NN 35 +and CC 35 +copyright NN 35 +owners NNS 30 +than IN 29 +those DT 36 +on IN 37 +the DT 43 +`` `` 43 +priority NN 43 +'' '' 43 +list NN 38 +. . 15 + +Gary NNP 2 +Hoffman NNP 6 +, , 6 +a DT 6 +Washington NNP 6 +lawyer NN 12 +specializing VBG 6 +in IN 7 +intellectual-property JJ 10 +cases NNS 8 +, , 6 +said VBD 0 +the DT 14 +threat NN 36 +of IN 14 +U.S. NNP 17 +retaliation NN 15 +, , 14 +combined VBN 14 +with IN 19 +a DT 23 +growing VBG 23 +recognition NN 20 +that IN 23 +protecting VBG 28 +intellectual JJ 27 +property NN 25 +is VBZ 24 +in IN 28 +a DT 32 +country NN 32 +'s POS 34 +own JJ 34 +interest NN 29 +, , 14 +prompted VBD 12 +the DT 38 +improvements NNS 36 +made VBN 38 +by IN 39 +South NNP 42 +Korea NNP 47 +, , 47 +Taiwan NNP 47 +and CC 47 +Saudi NNP 47 +Arabia NNP 40 +. . 12 + +`` `` 16 +What WP 6 +this DT 4 +tells VBZ 2 +us PRP 4 +is VBZ 16 +that DT 6 +U.S. NNP 10 +trade NN 10 +law NN 11 +is VBZ 7 +working VBG 11 +, , 16 +'' '' 16 +he PRP 16 +said VBD 0 +. . 16 + +He PRP 2 +said VBD 0 +Mexico NNP 4 +could MD 2 +be VB 4 +one CD 5 +of IN 6 +the DT 10 +next JJ 10 +countries NNS 7 +to TO 12 +be VB 10 +removed VBN 12 +from IN 13 +the DT 17 +priority NN 17 +list NN 14 +because IN 13 +of IN 18 +its PRP$ 21 +efforts NNS 18 +to TO 23 +craft VB 21 +a DT 27 +new JJ 27 +patent NN 27 +law NN 23 +. . 2 + +Mrs. NNP 2 +Hills NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +that IN 3 +the DT 6 +U.S. NNP 7 +is VBZ 4 +still RB 7 +concerned VBN 7 +about IN 9 +`` `` 10 +disturbing JJ 13 +developments NNS 19 +in IN 13 +Turkey NNP 14 +and CC 19 +continuing VBG 19 +slow JJ 19 +progress NN 10 +in IN 19 +Malaysia NNP 20 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +She PRP 2 +did VBD 0 +n't RB 2 +elaborate JJ 2 +, , 4 +although IN 4 +earlier JJR 10 +U.S. NNP 10 +trade NN 10 +reports NNS 11 +have VBP 6 +complained VBN 11 +of IN 12 +videocassette NN 15 +piracy NN 19 +in IN 15 +Malaysia NNP 16 +and CC 19 +disregard NN 13 +for IN 19 +U.S. NNP 23 +pharmaceutical JJ 23 +patents NNS 20 +in IN 19 +Turkey NNP 24 +. . 2 + +The DT 4 +1988 CD 4 +trade NN 4 +act NN 5 +requires VBZ 0 +Mrs. NNP 7 +Hills NNP 9 +to TO 9 +issue VB 5 +another DT 11 +review NN 9 +of IN 11 +the DT 14 +performance NN 12 +of IN 14 +these DT 17 +countries NNS 15 +by IN 9 +April NNP 18 +30 CD 19 +. . 5 + +So IN 2 +far RB 6 +, , 6 +Mrs. NNP 5 +Hills NNP 6 +has VBZ 0 +n't RB 6 +deemed VBD 6 +any DT 10 +cases NNS 11 +bad JJ 8 +enough RB 11 +to TO 14 +merit VB 11 +an DT 17 +accelerated VBN 17 +investigation NN 14 +under IN 14 +the DT 23 +so-called JJ 23 +special JJ 23 +301 CD 23 +provision NN 18 +of IN 23 +the DT 26 +act NN 24 +. . 6 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0031.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0031.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5de31fe1a0465d9adbecbb857f11a97248215106 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0031.dp @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +LTV NNP 2 +Corp. NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +a DT 8 +federal JJ 8 +bankruptcy NN 8 +court NN 8 +judge NN 9 +agreed VBD 3 +to TO 11 +extend VB 9 +until IN 11 +March NNP 16 +8 CD 13 +, , 16 +1990 CD 12 +, , 11 +the DT 19 +period NN 11 +in IN 19 +which WDT 20 +the DT 29 +steel NN 29 +, , 29 +aerospace NN 29 +and CC 29 +energy NN 29 +products NNS 29 +company NN 30 +has VBZ 20 +the DT 33 +exclusive JJ 33 +right NN 30 +to TO 35 +file VB 33 +a DT 38 +reorganization NN 38 +plan NN 35 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +company NN 3 +is VBZ 0 +operating VBG 3 +under IN 4 +Chapter NN 5 +11 CD 6 +of IN 6 +the DT 12 +federal JJ 12 +Bankruptcy NNP 12 +Code NNP 8 +, , 4 +giving VBG 4 +it PRP 14 +court NN 17 +protection NN 14 +from IN 17 +creditors NNS 20 +' POS 21 +lawsuits NNS 18 +while IN 14 +it PRP 24 +attempts VBZ 22 +to TO 26 +work VB 24 +out RP 26 +a DT 29 +plan NN 26 +to TO 31 +pay VB 29 +its PRP$ 33 +debts NNS 31 +. . 3 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0035.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0035.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8763938c98794f24db168221a9cb2a3dc878ec06 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0035.dp @@ -0,0 +1,291 @@ +The DT 5 +U.S. NNP 5 +and CC 5 +Soviet NNP 5 +Union NNP 6 +are VBP 32 +holding VBG 6 +technical JJ 9 +talks NNS 7 +about IN 9 +possible JJ 12 +repayment NN 10 +by IN 12 +Moscow NNP 13 +of IN 12 +$ $ 15 +188 CD 16 +million CD 16 +in IN 16 +pre-Communist JJ 22 +Russian JJ 22 +debts NNS 19 +owed VBD 22 +to TO 23 +the DT 27 +U.S. NNP 27 +government NN 24 +, , 32 +the DT 31 +State NNP 31 +Department NNP 32 +said VBD 0 +. . 32 + +If IN 8 +the DT 3 +debts NNS 4 +are VBP 1 +repaid VBN 4 +, , 8 +it PRP 8 +could MD 0 +clear VB 8 +the DT 11 +way NN 9 +for IN 11 +Soviet JJ 14 +bonds NNS 16 +to TO 16 +be VB 12 +sold VBN 16 +in IN 17 +the DT 20 +U.S. NNP 18 +. . 8 + +However RB 14 +, , 14 +after IN 14 +two CD 5 +meetings NNS 3 +with IN 5 +the DT 8 +Soviets NNS 6 +, , 14 +a DT 13 +State NNP 13 +Department NNP 13 +spokesman NN 14 +said VBD 0 +that IN 14 +it PRP 17 +'s VBZ 15 +`` `` 17 +too RB 20 +early RB 17 +to TO 22 +say VB 17 +'' '' 22 +whether IN 22 +that DT 26 +will MD 24 +happen VB 26 +. . 14 + +Coincident JJ 9 +with IN 1 +the DT 4 +talks NNS 2 +, , 9 +the DT 8 +State NNP 8 +Department NNP 9 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 11 +has VBZ 9 +permitted VBN 11 +a DT 15 +Soviet JJ 15 +bank NN 17 +to TO 17 +open VB 12 +a DT 21 +New NNP 21 +York NNP 21 +branch NN 17 +. . 9 + +The DT 2 +branch NN 10 +of IN 2 +the DT 5 +Bank NNP 3 +for IN 5 +Foreign NNP 9 +Economic NNP 9 +Affairs NNP 6 +was VBD 0 +approved VBN 10 +last JJ 13 +spring NN 11 +and CC 10 +opened VBD 10 +in IN 15 +July NNP 16 +. . 10 + +But CC 6 +a DT 4 +Soviet JJ 4 +bank NN 6 +here RB 4 +would MD 0 +be VB 6 +crippled VBN 7 +unless IN 8 +Moscow NNP 11 +found VBD 9 +a DT 13 +way NN 11 +to TO 15 +settle VB 13 +the DT 20 +$ $ 20 +188 CD 17 +million CD 17 +debt NN 15 +, , 20 +which WDT 20 +was VBD 22 +lent VBN 23 +to TO 24 +the DT 28 +country NN 28 +'s POS 32 +short-lived JJ 32 +democratic JJ 32 +Kerensky NNP 32 +government NN 25 +before IN 24 +the DT 35 +Communists NNS 36 +seized VBD 33 +power NN 36 +in IN 36 +1917 CD 38 +. . 6 + +Under IN 16 +a DT 4 +1934 CD 4 +law NN 10 +, , 10 +the DT 10 +Johnson NNP 10 +Debt NNP 10 +Default NNP 10 +Act NNP 1 +, , 13 +as RB 13 +amended VBN 10 +, , 13 +it PRP 16 +'s VBZ 0 +illegal JJ 16 +for IN 16 +Americans NNS 21 +to TO 21 +extend VB 18 +credit NN 21 +to TO 21 +countries NNS 23 +in IN 24 +default NN 25 +to TO 26 +the DT 30 +U.S. NNP 30 +government NN 27 +, , 21 +unless IN 21 +they PRP 34 +are VBP 32 +members NNS 34 +of IN 35 +the DT 43 +World NNP 39 +Bank NNP 43 +and CC 43 +International NNP 43 +Monetary NNP 43 +Fund NNP 36 +. . 16 + +The DT 2 +U.S.S.R. NNP 3 +belongs VBZ 0 +to TO 3 +neither DT 6 +organization NN 4 +. . 3 + +Moscow NNP 2 +has VBZ 0 +settled VBN 2 +pre-1917 JJ 5 +debts NNS 3 +with IN 5 +other JJ 8 +countries NNS 6 +in IN 3 +recent JJ 11 +years NNS 9 +at IN 3 +less JJR 12 +than IN 13 +face NN 16 +value NN 14 +. . 2 + +The DT 3 +State NNP 3 +Department NNP 4 +stressed VBD 0 +the DT 7 +pre-1933 JJ 7 +debts NNS 4 +as IN 4 +the DT 10 +key NN 8 +to TO 10 +satisfying VBG 11 +the DT 15 +Johnson NNP 15 +Act NNP 12 +. . 4 + +But CC 4 +the DT 3 +Soviets NNS 4 +might MD 0 +still RB 4 +face VB 4 +legal JJ 8 +obstacles NNS 6 +to TO 8 +raising VBG 9 +money NN 10 +in IN 10 +the DT 14 +U.S. NNP 12 +until IN 6 +they PRP 17 +settle VBP 15 +hundreds NNS 17 +of IN 18 +millions NNS 19 +of IN 20 +dollars NNS 21 +in IN 18 +additional JJ 25 +debt NN 23 +still RB 27 +outstanding JJ 25 +from IN 27 +the DT 34 +World NNP 34 +War NNP 34 +II NNP 34 +lend-lease JJ 34 +program NN 28 +. . 4 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0039.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0039.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2972422dc973f873696b75c8131f947b0cf30ffc --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0039.dp @@ -0,0 +1,1045 @@ +As IN 7 +an DT 3 +actor NN 1 +, , 7 +Charles NNP 6 +Lane NNP 7 +is VBZ 0 +n't RB 7 +the DT 10 +inheritor NN 7 +of IN 10 +Charlie NNP 14 +Chaplin NNP 14 +'s POS 15 +spirit NN 11 +. . 7 + +Steve NNP 2 +Martin NNP 3 +has VBZ 0 +already RB 3 +laid VBN 3 +his PRP$ 7 +claim NN 5 +to TO 7 +that DT 8 +. . 3 + +But CC 3 +it PRP 3 +is VBZ 0 +Mr. NNP 5 +Lane NNP 3 +, , 5 +as IN 5 +movie NN 9 +director NN 13 +, , 13 +producer NN 13 +and CC 13 +writer NN 7 +, , 5 +who WP 3 +has VBZ 15 +been VBN 16 +obsessed VBN 17 +with IN 18 +refitting VBG 19 +Chaplin NNP 22 +'s POS 24 +Little NNP 24 +Tramp NNP 20 +in IN 20 +a DT 28 +contemporary JJ 28 +way NN 25 +. . 3 + +In IN 22 +1976 CD 1 +, , 22 +as IN 22 +a DT 7 +film NN 7 +student NN 4 +at IN 7 +the DT 11 +Purchase NNP 11 +campus NN 8 +of IN 11 +the DT 15 +State NNP 15 +University NNP 12 +of IN 15 +New NNP 18 +York NNP 16 +, , 22 +Mr. NNP 21 +Lane NNP 22 +shot VBD 0 +`` `` 33 +A DT 27 +Place NNP 27 +in IN 27 +Time NNP 33 +, , 33 +'' '' 33 +a DT 33 +36-minute JJ 33 +black-and-white JJ 33 +film NN 22 +about IN 33 +a DT 37 +sketch NN 37 +artist NN 40 +, , 40 +a DT 40 +man NN 34 +of IN 40 +the DT 43 +streets NNS 41 +. . 22 + +Now RB 9 +, , 9 +13 CD 4 +years NNS 5 +later RBR 9 +, , 9 +Mr. NNP 8 +Lane NNP 9 +has VBZ 0 +revived VBN 9 +his PRP$ 12 +Artist NNP 10 +in IN 10 +a DT 16 +full-length JJ 16 +movie NN 13 +called VBN 16 +`` `` 25 +Sidewalk NNP 20 +Stories NNP 25 +, , 25 +'' '' 25 +a DT 25 +poignant JJ 25 +piece NN 17 +of IN 25 +work NN 26 +about IN 25 +a DT 31 +modern-day JJ 31 +tramp NN 28 +. . 9 + +Of IN 14 +course NN 1 +, , 14 +if IN 14 +the DT 6 +film NN 7 +contained VBD 4 +dialogue NN 7 +, , 14 +Mr. NNP 12 +Lane NNP 12 +'s POS 13 +Artist NNP 14 +would MD 0 +be VB 14 +called VBN 15 +a DT 19 +homeless JJ 19 +person NN 16 +. . 14 + +So RB 2 +would MD 0 +the DT 5 +Little NNP 5 +Tramp NNP 2 +, , 2 +for IN 2 +that DT 9 +matter NN 7 +. . 2 + +I PRP 2 +say VBP 0 +`` `` 2 +contained VBD 2 +dialogue NN 4 +'' '' 2 +because IN 2 +`` `` 12 +Sidewalk NNP 10 +Stories NNP 12 +'' '' 12 +is VBZ 7 +n't RB 12 +really RB 12 +silent JJ 12 +at IN 12 +all DT 16 +. . 2 + +Composer NN 3 +Marc NNP 3 +Marder NNP 7 +, , 7 +a DT 7 +college NN 7 +friend NN 25 +of IN 7 +Mr. NNP 11 +Lane NNP 11 +'s POS 8 +who WP 7 +earns VBZ 12 +his PRP$ 15 +living NN 13 +playing VBG 13 +the DT 19 +double JJ 19 +bass NN 16 +in IN 16 +classical JJ 23 +music NN 23 +ensembles NNS 20 +, , 7 +has VBZ 0 +prepared VBN 25 +an DT 31 +exciting JJ 31 +, , 31 +eclectic JJ 31 +score NN 26 +that WDT 31 +tells VBZ 32 +you PRP 33 +what WP 33 +the DT 37 +characters NNS 38 +are VBP 35 +thinking VBG 38 +and CC 39 +feeling VBG 39 +far RB 33 +more RBR 42 +precisely RB 42 +than IN 42 +intertitles NNS 50 +, , 50 +or CC 50 +even RB 50 +words NNS 52 +, , 50 +would MD 45 +. . 25 + +Much RB 7 +of IN 1 +Mr. NNP 5 +Lane NNP 5 +'s POS 6 +film NN 2 +takes VBZ 0 +a DT 11 +highly RB 10 +romanticized VBN 11 +view NN 7 +of IN 11 +life NN 12 +on IN 13 +the DT 16 +streets NNS 14 +-LRB- -LRB- 18 +though IN 11 +probably RB 18 +no DT 21 +more RBR 19 +romanticized VBN 21 +than IN 21 +Mr. NNP 26 +Chaplin NNP 26 +'s POS 27 +notion NN 23 +of IN 27 +the DT 30 +Tramp NNP 28 +as IN 30 +the DT 35 +good-hearted JJ 35 +free JJ 35 +spirit NN 31 +-RRB- -RRB- 18 +. . 7 + +Filmed VBN 20 +in IN 1 +lovely JJ 6 +black NN 6 +and CC 6 +white NN 2 +by IN 1 +Bill NNP 9 +Dill NNP 7 +, , 20 +the DT 14 +New NNP 14 +York NNP 14 +streets NNS 20 +of IN 14 +`` `` 15 +Sidewalk NNP 18 +Stories NNP 15 +'' '' 15 +seem VBP 0 +benign JJ 20 +. . 20 + +On IN 7 +Wall NNP 3 +Street NNP 1 +men NNS 6 +and CC 6 +women NNS 7 +walk VBP 0 +with IN 7 +great JJ 10 +purpose NN 8 +, , 7 +noticing VBG 7 +one CD 12 +another DT 13 +only RB 16 +when WRB 12 +they PRP 18 +jostle VBP 16 +for IN 18 +cabs NNS 19 +. . 7 + +The DT 2 +Artist NNP 3 +hangs VBZ 0 +out RP 3 +in IN 3 +Greenwich NNP 7 +Village NNP 5 +, , 3 +on IN 3 +a DT 11 +strip NN 9 +of IN 11 +Sixth NNP 14 +Avenue NNP 12 +populated VBN 11 +by IN 15 +jugglers NNS 23 +, , 23 +magicians NNS 23 +and CC 23 +other JJ 23 +good-natured JJ 23 +hustlers NNS 16 +. . 3 + +-LRB- -LRB- 4 +This DT 4 +clearly RB 4 +is VBZ 0 +not RB 4 +real JJ 7 +life NN 4 +: : 4 +no DT 11 +crack NN 11 +dealers NNS 23 +, , 23 +no DT 15 +dead-eyed JJ 15 +men NNS 23 +selling VBG 15 +four-year-old JJ 18 +copies NNS 16 +of IN 18 +Cosmopolitan NNP 19 +, , 23 +no DT 23 +one PRP 4 +curled VBD 23 +up RP 24 +in IN 24 +a DT 29 +cardboard NN 29 +box NN 26 +. . 4 +-RRB- -RRB- 4 + +The DT 2 +Artist NNP 3 +has VBZ 0 +his PRP$ 5 +routine NN 3 +. . 3 + +He PRP 2 +spends VBZ 0 +his PRP$ 4 +days NNS 2 +sketching VBG 9 +passers-by NNS 5 +, , 9 +or CC 9 +trying VBG 2 +to TO 9 +. . 2 + +At IN 4 +night NN 1 +he PRP 4 +returns VBZ 0 +to TO 4 +the DT 8 +condemned VBN 8 +building NN 5 +he PRP 10 +calls VBZ 8 +home NN 10 +. . 4 + +His PRP$ 2 +life NN 13 +, , 2 +including VBG 2 +his PRP$ 6 +skirmishes NNS 4 +with IN 6 +a DT 11 +competing VBG 11 +sketch NN 11 +artist NN 7 +, , 2 +seems VBZ 0 +carefree JJ 13 +. . 13 + +He PRP 2 +is VBZ 0 +his PRP$ 5 +own JJ 5 +man NN 2 +. . 2 + +Then RB 22 +, , 22 +just RB 4 +as IN 22 +the DT 6 +Tramp NNP 7 +is VBZ 4 +given VBN 7 +a DT 11 +blind JJ 11 +girl NN 8 +to TO 13 +cure VB 11 +in IN 8 +`` `` 14 +City NNP 17 +Lights NNP 14 +, , 22 +'' '' 22 +the DT 21 +Artist NNP 22 +is VBZ 0 +put VBN 22 +in IN 23 +charge NN 24 +of IN 25 +returning VBG 26 +a DT 30 +two-year-old JJ 30 +waif NN 27 +-LRB- -LRB- 33 +Nicole NNP 33 +Alysia NNP 30 +-RRB- -RRB- 33 +, , 30 +whose WP$ 30 +father NN 36 +has VBZ 36 +been VBN 38 +murdered VBN 39 +by IN 40 +thugs NNS 41 +, , 30 +to TO 27 +her PRP$ 46 +mother NN 44 +. . 22 + +This DT 3 +cute JJ 3 +child NN 4 +turns VBZ 0 +out RP 4 +to TO 7 +be VB 4 +a DT 9 +blessing NN 12 +and CC 12 +a DT 12 +curse NN 7 +. . 4 + +She PRP 2 +gives VBZ 0 +the DT 4 +Artist NNP 2 +a DT 6 +sense NN 2 +of IN 6 +purpose NN 7 +, , 2 +but CC 2 +also RB 12 +alerts VBZ 2 +him PRP 12 +to TO 12 +the DT 17 +serious JJ 17 +inadequacy NN 14 +of IN 17 +his PRP$ 21 +vagrant JJ 21 +life NN 18 +. . 2 + +The DT 2 +beds NNS 7 +at IN 2 +the DT 6 +Bowery NNP 6 +Mission NNP 3 +seem VBP 0 +far JJ 7 +drearier RBR 8 +when WRB 7 +he PRP 12 +has VBZ 10 +to TO 14 +tuck VB 12 +a DT 17 +little JJ 17 +girl NN 14 +into IN 14 +one CD 18 +of IN 19 +them PRP 20 +at IN 14 +night NN 22 +. . 7 + +To TO 3 +further RBR 3 +load VB 9 +the DT 5 +stakes NNS 3 +, , 9 +Mr. NNP 8 +Lane NNP 9 +dreamed VBD 0 +up RP 9 +a DT 14 +highly RB 13 +improbable JJ 14 +romance NN 9 +for IN 14 +the DT 17 +Artist NNP 15 +, , 14 +with IN 14 +a DT 22 +young JJ 22 +woman NN 19 +who WP 31 +owns VBZ 23 +her PRP$ 29 +own JJ 29 +children NNS 28 +'s POS 29 +shop NN 24 +and CC 31 +who WP 22 +lives VBZ 31 +in IN 32 +an DT 38 +expensive JJ 38 +high-rise JJ 38 +apartment NN 38 +building NN 33 +. . 9 + +This DT 3 +story NN 3 +line NN 4 +might MD 0 +resonate VB 4 +more RBR 7 +strongly RB 5 +if IN 5 +Mr. NNP 10 +Lane NNP 11 +had VBD 8 +as RB 15 +strong JJ 15 +a DT 15 +presence NN 11 +in IN 15 +front NN 16 +of IN 17 +the DT 20 +camera NN 18 +as IN 15 +he PRP 23 +does VBZ 21 +behind IN 23 +it PRP 24 +. . 4 + +Mr. NNP 3 +Lane NNP 3 +'s POS 5 +final JJ 5 +purpose NN 6 +is VBZ 0 +n't RB 6 +to TO 9 +glamorize VB 6 +the DT 12 +Artist NNP 12 +'s POS 14 +vagabond NN 14 +existence NN 9 +. . 6 + +He PRP 2 +has VBZ 12 +a DT 4 +point NN 2 +he PRP 6 +wants VBZ 4 +to TO 8 +make VB 6 +, , 12 +and CC 12 +he PRP 12 +makes VBZ 0 +it PRP 12 +, , 12 +with IN 12 +a DT 18 +great JJ 18 +deal NN 15 +of IN 18 +force NN 19 +. . 12 + +The DT 2 +movie NN 3 +ends VBZ 16 +with IN 3 +sound NN 8 +, , 8 +the DT 8 +sound NN 4 +of IN 8 +street NN 11 +people NNS 12 +talking VBG 9 +, , 8 +and CC 16 +there EX 16 +is VBZ 0 +n't RB 16 +anything NN 16 +whimsical JJ 21 +or CC 21 +enviable JJ 18 +in IN 16 +those DT 27 +rough JJ 27 +, , 27 +beaten JJ 27 +voices NNS 22 +. . 16 + +The DT 6 +French JJ 6 +film NN 6 +maker NN 6 +Claude NNP 6 +Chabrol NNP 7 +has VBZ 0 +managed VBN 7 +another DT 10 +kind NN 8 +of IN 10 +weird JJ 13 +achievement NN 11 +with IN 8 +his PRP$ 17 +`` `` 17 +Story NNP 14 +of IN 17 +Women NNP 18 +. . 7 +'' '' 7 + +He PRP 2 +has VBZ 0 +made VBN 2 +a DT 8 +harsh JJ 8 +, , 8 +brilliant JJ 8 +picture NN 3 +-- : 10 +one CD 8 +that WDT 10 +'s VBZ 11 +captivating JJ 12 +-- : 10 +about IN 8 +a DT 17 +character NN 15 +who WP 17 +, , 18 +viewed VBN 27 +from IN 20 +the DT 25 +most RBS 24 +sympathetic JJ 25 +angle NN 21 +, , 27 +would MD 18 +seem VB 27 +disagreeable JJ 28 +. . 2 + +Yet RB 8 +this DT 3 +woman NN 6 +, , 6 +Marie-Louise NNP 6 +Giraud NNP 8 +, , 6 +carries VBZ 0 +historical JJ 10 +significance NN 8 +, , 8 +both DT 8 +as IN 12 +one CD 13 +of IN 14 +the DT 18 +last JJ 18 +women NNS 15 +to TO 20 +be VB 18 +executed VBN 20 +in IN 21 +France NNP 22 +and CC 12 +as IN 12 +a DT 27 +symbol NN 25 +of IN 27 +the DT 32 +Vichy NNP 32 +government NN 32 +'s POS 33 +hypocrisy NN 28 +. . 8 + +While IN 24 +Vichy NNP 3 +collaborated VBD 1 +with IN 3 +the DT 6 +Germans NNS 4 +during IN 3 +World NNP 10 +War NNP 10 +II NNP 7 +in IN 3 +the DT 13 +deaths NNS 11 +of IN 13 +thousands NNS 14 +of IN 15 +Resistance NNP 18 +fighters NNS 20 +and CC 20 +Jews NNS 16 +, , 24 +its PRP$ 23 +officials NNS 24 +needed VBD 0 +a DT 28 +diversionary JJ 28 +symbolic JJ 28 +traitor NN 24 +. . 24 + +Marie-Louise NNP 5 +, , 5 +a DT 5 +small-time JJ 5 +abortionist NN 7 +, , 5 +was VBD 0 +their PRP$ 9 +woman NN 7 +. . 7 + +She PRP 2 +became VBD 0 +an DT 4 +abortionist NN 2 +accidentally RB 2 +, , 2 +and CC 2 +continued VBD 2 +because IN 8 +it PRP 11 +enabled VBD 9 +her PRP 14 +to TO 14 +buy VB 11 +jam NN 21 +, , 21 +cocoa NN 21 +and CC 21 +other JJ 21 +war-rationed JJ 21 +goodies NNS 14 +. . 2 + +She PRP 2 +was VBD 0 +untrained JJ 2 +and CC 2 +, , 2 +in IN 10 +one CD 9 +botched JJ 9 +job NN 6 +killed VBD 2 +a DT 12 +client NN 10 +. . 2 + +Her PRP$ 2 +remorse NN 3 +was VBD 0 +shallow JJ 6 +and CC 6 +brief JJ 3 +. . 3 + +Although IN 21 +she PRP 3 +was VBD 1 +kind JJ 6 +and CC 6 +playful JJ 3 +to TO 6 +her PRP$ 9 +children NNS 7 +, , 21 +she PRP 12 +was VBD 21 +dreadful JJ 12 +to TO 13 +her PRP$ 17 +war-damaged JJ 17 +husband NN 14 +; : 21 +she PRP 21 +openly RB 21 +brought VBD 0 +her PRP$ 23 +lover NN 21 +into IN 21 +their PRP$ 26 +home NN 24 +. . 21 + +As IN 25 +presented VBN 1 +by IN 2 +Mr. NNP 5 +Chabrol NNP 3 +, , 2 +and CC 2 +played VBN 2 +with IN 8 +thin-lipped JJ 11 +intensity NN 9 +by IN 8 +Isabelle NNP 14 +Huppert NNP 12 +, , 25 +Marie-Louise NNP 25 +-LRB- -LRB- 18 +called VBN 16 +Marie NNP 20 +Latour NNP 18 +in IN 18 +the DT 23 +film NN 21 +-RRB- -RRB- 18 +was VBD 0 +not RB 25 +a DT 29 +nice JJ 29 +person NN 25 +. . 25 + +But CC 3 +she PRP 3 +did VBD 0 +n't RB 3 +deserve VB 3 +to TO 7 +have VB 5 +her PRP$ 9 +head NN 10 +chopped VBN 7 +off RP 10 +. . 3 + +There EX 2 +is VBZ 0 +very RB 4 +little JJ 2 +to TO 6 +recommend VB 4 +`` `` 14 +Old NNP 9 +Gringo NNP 14 +, , 14 +'' '' 14 +a DT 14 +confused JJ 14 +rendering NN 6 +of IN 14 +the DT 19 +Carlos NNP 19 +Fuentes NNP 19 +novel NN 15 +of IN 19 +the DT 23 +Mexican NNP 23 +Revolution NNP 20 +. . 2 + +Most JJS 5 +of IN 1 +the DT 4 +picture NN 2 +is VBZ 0 +taken VBN 5 +up RP 6 +with IN 6 +endless JJ 10 +scenes NNS 8 +of IN 10 +many JJ 13 +people NNS 15 +either CC 15 +fighting VBG 11 +or CC 15 +eating VBG 15 +and CC 17 +drinking VBG 17 +to TO 21 +celebrate VB 17 +victory NN 21 +. . 5 + +I PRP 2 +mention VBP 0 +the DT 4 +picture NN 2 +only RB 6 +because IN 2 +many JJ 9 +bad JJ 9 +movies NNS 10 +have VBP 18 +a DT 13 +bright JJ 13 +spot NN 10 +, , 18 +and CC 18 +this DT 17 +one CD 18 +has VBZ 6 +Gregory NNP 20 +Peck NNP 18 +, , 20 +in IN 20 +a DT 28 +marvelously RB 27 +loose JJ 27 +and CC 27 +energetic JJ 28 +portrayal NN 22 +of IN 28 +an DT 32 +old JJ 32 +man NN 29 +who WP 32 +wants VBZ 33 +to TO 36 +die VB 34 +the DT 38 +way NN 36 +he PRP 40 +wants VBZ 38 +to TO 42 +die VB 40 +. . 2 + +Video NNP 2 +Tip NNP 0 +: : 2 +Before IN 11 +seeing VBG 4 +`` `` 5 +Sidewalk NNP 8 +Stories NNP 5 +, , 11 +'' '' 11 +take VB 2 +a DT 13 +look NN 11 +at IN 13 +`` `` 22 +City NNP 17 +Lights NNP 22 +, , 22 +'' '' 22 +Chaplin NNP 21 +'s POS 22 +Tramp NNP 14 +at IN 22 +his PRP$ 25 +finest JJS 23 +. . 2 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0040.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0040.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f8bede4469270899d84e91ac005c6e92a8037290 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0040.dp @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +Boeing NNP 2 +Co. NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 5 +is VBZ 3 +discussing VBG 5 +plans NNS 6 +with IN 6 +three CD 8 +of IN 9 +its PRP$ 14 +regular JJ 14 +Japanese JJ 14 +suppliers NNS 10 +to TO 17 +possibly RB 17 +help VB 6 +build VB 17 +a DT 21 +larger JJR 21 +version NN 18 +of IN 21 +its PRP$ 26 +popular JJ 26 +767 CD 26 +twin-jet NN 22 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +discussions NNS 3 +are VBP 13 +still RB 3 +in IN 3 +preliminary JJ 7 +stages NNS 5 +, , 13 +and CC 13 +the DT 12 +specific JJ 12 +details NNS 13 +have VBP 0 +n't RB 13 +been VBN 13 +worked VBN 15 +out RP 16 +between IN 16 +the DT 22 +Seattle NNP 22 +aerospace NN 22 +company NN 37 +and CC 37 +Kawasaki NNP 27 +Heavy NNP 27 +Industries NNP 27 +Ltd. NNP 37 +, , 37 +Mitsubishi NNP 32 +Heavy NNP 32 +Industries NNP 32 +Ltd. NNP 37 +and CC 37 +Fuji NNP 37 +Heavy NNP 37 +Industries NNP 37 +Ltd NNP 18 +. . 13 + +The DT 4 +three CD 4 +Japanese JJ 4 +companies NNS 5 +build VBP 0 +the DT 8 +body NN 8 +sections NNS 5 +of IN 8 +the DT 11 +767 CD 9 +, , 5 +accounting VBG 5 +for IN 13 +a DT 18 +combined JJ 18 +15 CD 18 +% NN 14 +of IN 18 +the DT 21 +aircraft NN 19 +. . 5 + +Japanese JJ 3 +press NN 3 +reports NNS 4 +have VBP 0 +speculated VBN 4 +that IN 5 +the DT 9 +Japanese JJ 9 +contribution NN 10 +could MD 6 +rise VB 10 +to TO 11 +between IN 12 +20 CD 13 +% NN 13 +and CC 13 +25 CD 13 +% NN 13 +under IN 11 +the DT 22 +new JJ 22 +program NN 19 +. . 4 + +If IN 12 +Boeing NNP 3 +goes VBZ 1 +ahead RB 3 +with IN 3 +the DT 7 +larger JJR 5 +767 CD 7 +, , 12 +the DT 11 +plane NN 12 +could MD 0 +hit VB 12 +the DT 15 +market NN 13 +in IN 13 +the DT 18 +mid-1990s NNS 16 +. . 12 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0041.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0041.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..669e5f088b6ac501de44f3c31bf7e9c5bfef086e --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0041.dp @@ -0,0 +1,1713 @@ +This DT 2 +is VBZ 0 +the DT 4 +year NN 2 +the DT 7 +negative JJ 7 +ad NN 19 +, , 7 +for IN 13 +years NNS 9 +a DT 13 +secondary JJ 13 +presence NN 7 +in IN 13 +most JJS 17 +political JJ 17 +campaigns NNS 14 +, , 7 +became VBD 4 +the DT 22 +main JJ 22 +event NN 19 +. . 2 + +The DT 2 +irony NN 3 +is VBZ 0 +that IN 3 +the DT 7 +attack NN 7 +commercial NN 20 +, , 20 +after IN 20 +getting VBG 9 +a DT 12 +boost NN 10 +in IN 10 +last JJ 16 +year NN 16 +'s POS 18 +presidential JJ 18 +campaign NN 13 +, , 20 +has VBZ 4 +come VBN 20 +of IN 21 +age NN 22 +in IN 21 +an DT 28 +off-off JJ 28 +election NN 28 +year NN 24 +with IN 28 +only RB 33 +a DT 33 +few JJ 33 +contests NNS 29 +scattered VBN 33 +across IN 34 +the DT 37 +country NN 35 +. . 3 + +But IN 0 +in IN 1 +the DT 7 +three CD 7 +leading VBG 7 +political JJ 7 +contests NNS 2 +of IN 7 +1989 CD 8 +, , 1 +the DT 13 +negative JJ 13 +ads NNS 1 +have VBP 1 +reached VBN 14 +new JJ 17 +levels NNS 15 +of IN 17 +hostility NN 18 +, , 15 +raising VBG 15 +fears NNS 21 +that IN 22 +this DT 25 +kind NN 34 +of IN 25 +mudslinging NN 26 +, , 25 +empty JJ 25 +of IN 29 +significant JJ 32 +issues NNS 30 +, , 25 +is VBZ 23 +ushering VBG 34 +in IN 35 +a DT 39 +new JJ 39 +era NN 36 +of IN 39 +campaigns NNS 40 +without IN 41 +content NN 42 +. . 1 + +`` `` 18 +Now RB 18 +, , 18 +'' '' 18 +says VBZ 18 +Joseph NNP 7 +Napolitan NNP 10 +, , 10 +a DT 10 +pioneer NN 5 +in IN 10 +political JJ 13 +television NN 11 +, , 5 +`` `` 18 +the DT 17 +idea NN 18 +is VBZ 0 +to TO 20 +attack VB 18 +first RB 20 +, , 21 +last RB 21 +and CC 21 +always RB 21 +. . 18 +'' '' 18 + +A DT 2 +trend NN 29 +that WDT 2 +started VBD 3 +with IN 4 +the DT 8 +first JJ 8 +stirrings NNS 5 +of IN 8 +politics NNS 9 +, , 4 +accelerated VBD 4 +with IN 12 +the DT 15 +dawn NN 13 +of IN 15 +the DT 19 +television NN 19 +age NN 16 +and CC 4 +became VBD 4 +a DT 25 +sometimes-tawdry JJ 25 +art NN 25 +form NN 21 +in IN 21 +1988 CD 26 +, , 4 +has VBZ 0 +reached VBN 29 +an DT 34 +entirely RB 33 +new JJ 34 +stage NN 30 +. . 29 + +`` `` 38 +To TO 3 +get VB 38 +people NNS 5 +'s POS 6 +attention NN 3 +these DT 8 +days NNS 3 +, , 38 +'' '' 38 +says VBZ 38 +Douglas NNP 13 +Bailey NNP 17 +, , 17 +a DT 17 +political JJ 17 +consultant NN 11 +, , 11 +`` `` 23 +your PRP$ 22 +TV NN 22 +ad NN 23 +needs VBZ 38 +to TO 25 +be VB 23 +bold JJ 28 +and CC 28 +entertaining JJ 25 +, , 38 +and CC 38 +, , 38 +more RBR 33 +often RB 38 +than IN 33 +not RB 34 +, , 38 +that WDT 38 +means VBZ 0 +confrontational JJ 38 +. . 38 + +And CC 10 +, , 10 +unlike IN 10 +a DT 6 +few JJ 6 +years NNS 7 +ago RB 3 +, , 10 +you PRP 10 +do VBP 0 +n't RB 10 +even RB 10 +have VB 10 +to TO 15 +worry VB 13 +whether IN 15 +the DT 18 +ad NN 19 +is VBZ 16 +truthful JJ 19 +. . 10 +'' '' 10 + +In IN 16 +1989 CD 1 +, , 16 +as RB 16 +often RB 4 +as IN 4 +not RB 6 +, , 16 +the DT 11 +principal JJ 11 +fights NNS 16 +in IN 11 +the DT 15 +major JJ 15 +campaigns NNS 12 +are VBP 0 +prompted VBN 16 +by IN 17 +the DT 20 +ads NNS 21 +themselves PRP 18 +. . 16 + +Take VB 0 +a DT 3 +look NN 1 +, , 5 +then RB 3 +, , 5 +at IN 3 +the DT 11 +main JJ 11 +attack NN 11 +commercials NNS 7 +that WDT 11 +set VBD 12 +the DT 15 +tone NN 13 +for IN 15 +Tuesday NNP 18 +'s POS 19 +elections NNS 16 +in IN 19 +New NNP 23 +York NNP 23 +City NNP 28 +, , 28 +New NNP 26 +Jersey NNP 28 +and CC 28 +Virginia NNP 20 +: : 1 + +New NNP 3 +York NNP 3 +City NNP 0 +: : 3 + +The DT 2 +screen NN 3 +fills VBZ 0 +with IN 3 +a DT 10 +small JJ 10 +, , 10 +tight JJ 10 +facial JJ 10 +shot NN 4 +of IN 10 +David NNP 13 +Dinkins NNP 16 +, , 16 +Democratic JJ 16 +candidate NN 11 +for IN 16 +mayor NN 17 +of IN 18 +New NNP 22 +York NNP 22 +City NNP 19 +. . 3 + +`` `` 16 +David NNP 3 +Dinkins NNP 4 +failed VBD 16 +to TO 6 +file VB 4 +his PRP$ 9 +income NN 9 +taxes NNS 6 +for IN 4 +four CD 13 +straight JJ 13 +years NNS 10 +, , 16 +'' '' 16 +says VBZ 0 +a DT 20 +disembodied JJ 20 +male NN 20 +voice NN 16 +. . 16 + +And CC 29 +then RB 29 +this DT 5 +television NN 5 +commercial NN 29 +, , 5 +paid VBN 5 +for RB 7 +by IN 7 +Republican NNP 13 +Rudolph NNP 13 +Giuliani NNP 13 +'s POS 14 +campaign NN 9 +and CC 7 +produced VBN 7 +by IN 16 +Roger NNP 19 +Ailes NNP 22 +, , 22 +the DT 22 +master NN 17 +of IN 22 +negative JJ 26 +TV NN 26 +ads NNS 23 +, , 5 +really RB 29 +gets VBZ 0 +down RB 29 +to TO 30 +business NN 31 +. . 29 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Dinkins NNP 9 +, , 6 +the DT 5 +ad NN 6 +charges VBZ 9 +, , 6 +also RB 9 +failed VBD 0 +to TO 11 +report VB 9 +his PRP$ 14 +campaign NN 14 +contributions NNS 11 +accurately RB 11 +, , 9 +hid VBD 9 +his PRP$ 19 +links NNS 17 +to TO 19 +a DT 24 +failing VBG 24 +insurance NN 24 +company NN 20 +and CC 9 +paid VBD 9 +a DT 29 +convicted VBN 29 +kidnapper NN 26 +`` `` 26 +through IN 26 +a DT 34 +phony JJ 34 +organization NN 31 +with IN 34 +no DT 37 +members NNS 43 +, , 43 +no DT 40 +receipts NNS 43 +and CC 43 +no DT 43 +office NN 35 +. . 9 +'' '' 9 + +`` `` 12 +David NNP 3 +Dinkins NNP 12 +, , 6 +'' '' 6 +says VBZ 12 +the DT 8 +kicker NN 6 +, , 6 +`` `` 12 +Why WRB 12 +does VBZ 0 +he PRP 12 +always RB 12 +wait VB 12 +until IN 15 +he PRP 18 +'s VBZ 16 +caught VBN 18 +? . 12 +'' '' 12 + +`` `` 3 +Nasty JJ 3 +innuendoes NNS 0 +, , 3 +'' '' 3 +says VBZ 3 +John NNP 8 +Siegal NNP 14 +, , 14 +Mr. NNP 12 +Dinkins NNP 12 +'s POS 14 +issues NNS 14 +director NN 6 +, , 14 +`` `` 3 +designed VBN 3 +to TO 19 +prosecute VB 17 +a DT 21 +case NN 19 +of IN 21 +political JJ 24 +corruption NN 22 +that WDT 24 +simply RB 27 +does VBZ 25 +n't RB 27 +exist VB 27 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +Stung VBN 20 +by IN 1 +the DT 5 +Giuliani NNP 5 +ads NNS 2 +, , 20 +Mr. NNP 9 +Dinkins NNP 9 +'s POS 11 +TV NN 11 +consultants NNS 17 +, , 17 +Robert NNP 14 +Shrum NNP 17 +and CC 17 +David NNP 17 +Doak NNP 20 +, , 17 +finally RB 20 +unleashed VBD 0 +a DT 23 +negative JJ 23 +ad NN 20 +of IN 23 +their PRP$ 26 +own JJ 24 +. . 20 + +The DT 2 +screen NN 3 +shows VBZ 0 +two CD 8 +distorted JJ 8 +, , 8 +unrecognizable JJ 8 +photos NNS 3 +, , 8 +presumably RB 11 +of IN 8 +two CD 13 +politicians NNS 11 +. . 3 + +`` `` 9 +Compare VB 9 +two CD 4 +candidates NNS 2 +for IN 4 +mayor NN 5 +, , 9 +'' '' 9 +says VBZ 0 +the DT 11 +announcer NN 9 +. . 9 + +`` `` 3 +One NN 3 +says VBZ 0 +he PRP 5 +'s VBZ 3 +for IN 5 +banning VBG 6 +cop-killer JJ 9 +bullets NNS 7 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +other JJ 3 +has VBZ 0 +opposed VBN 3 +a DT 6 +ban NN 4 +on IN 6 +cop-killer JJ 9 +bullets NNS 7 +. . 3 + +One NN 2 +claims VBZ 0 +he PRP 4 +'s VBZ 2 +pro-choice JJ 4 +. . 2 + +The DT 2 +other JJ 3 +has VBZ 0 +opposed VBN 3 +a DT 7 +woman NN 7 +'s POS 8 +right NN 4 +to TO 10 +choose VB 8 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +`` `` 3 +Funny JJ 3 +thing NN 0 +, , 6 +'' '' 6 +says VBZ 3 +the DT 8 +kicker NN 6 +, , 6 +`` `` 3 +both DT 13 +these DT 13 +candidates NNS 14 +are VBP 3 +named VBN 14 +Rudolph NNP 17 +Giuliani NNP 15 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +Who WP 2 +'s VBZ 0 +telling VBG 2 +the DT 5 +truth NN 3 +? . 2 + +Everybody NN 4 +-- : 4 +and IN 4 +nobody NN 0 +. . 4 + +It PRP 2 +'s VBZ 0 +a DT 5 +classic JJ 5 +situation NN 2 +of IN 5 +ads NNS 6 +that WDT 7 +are VBP 8 +true JJ 13 +but CC 13 +not RB 13 +always RB 9 +fully RB 15 +accurate JJ 13 +. . 2 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Dinkins NNP 3 +did VBD 16 +fail VB 3 +to TO 6 +file VB 4 +his PRP$ 9 +income NN 9 +taxes NNS 6 +for IN 4 +four CD 12 +years NNS 10 +, , 16 +but CC 16 +he PRP 16 +insists VBZ 0 +he PRP 19 +voluntarily RB 19 +admitted VBD 16 +the DT 22 +`` `` 22 +oversight NN 19 +'' '' 22 +when WRB 19 +he PRP 26 +was VBD 24 +being VBG 26 +considered VBN 27 +for IN 28 +a DT 32 +city NN 32 +job NN 29 +. . 16 + +He PRP 2 +was VBD 16 +on IN 2 +the DT 5 +board NN 3 +of IN 5 +an DT 9 +insurance NN 9 +company NN 6 +with IN 9 +financial JJ 12 +problems NNS 10 +, , 16 +but CC 16 +he PRP 16 +insists VBZ 0 +he PRP 18 +made VBD 16 +no DT 20 +secret NN 18 +of IN 20 +it PRP 21 +. . 16 + +The DT 3 +city NN 3 +'s POS 6 +Campaign NNP 6 +Finance NNP 6 +Board NNP 7 +has VBZ 0 +refused VBN 7 +to TO 10 +pay VB 8 +Mr. NNP 12 +Dinkins NNP 10 +$ $ 14 +95,142 CD 10 +in IN 14 +matching JJ 17 +funds NNS 15 +because IN 8 +his PRP$ 21 +campaign NN 21 +records NNS 22 +are VBP 18 +incomplete JJ 22 +. . 7 + +The DT 2 +campaign NN 3 +has VBZ 0 +blamed VBN 3 +these DT 7 +reporting NN 7 +problems NNS 4 +on IN 4 +computer NN 10 +errors NNS 8 +. . 3 + +And CC 8 +, , 3 +says VBZ 8 +Mr. NNP 5 +Dinkins NNP 3 +, , 3 +he PRP 8 +did VBD 0 +n't RB 8 +know VB 8 +the DT 12 +man NN 20 +his PRP$ 14 +campaign NN 15 +paid VBD 12 +for IN 15 +a DT 19 +get-out-the-vote JJ 19 +effort NN 16 +had VBD 10 +been VBN 20 +convicted VBN 21 +of IN 22 +kidnapping NN 23 +. . 8 + +But CC 17 +, , 3 +say VBP 17 +Mr. NNP 6 +Dinkins NNP 6 +'s POS 7 +managers NNS 3 +, , 3 +he PRP 10 +did VBD 17 +have VB 10 +an DT 13 +office NN 11 +and CC 17 +his PRP$ 16 +organization NN 17 +did VBD 0 +have VB 17 +members NNS 18 +. . 17 + +Mr. NNP 3 +Giuliani NNP 3 +'s POS 5 +campaign NN 5 +chairman NN 8 +, , 8 +Peter NNP 8 +Powers NNP 10 +, , 8 +says VBZ 0 +the DT 13 +Dinkins NNP 13 +ad NN 14 +is VBZ 10 +`` `` 14 +deceptive JJ 14 +. . 10 +'' '' 10 + +The DT 3 +other JJ 3 +side NN 9 +, , 6 +he PRP 6 +argues VBZ 9 +, , 6 +`` `` 9 +knows VBZ 0 +Giuliani NNP 11 +has VBZ 9 +always RB 11 +been VBN 11 +pro-choice JJ 13 +, , 13 +even RB 17 +though IN 13 +he PRP 19 +has VBZ 17 +personal JJ 21 +reservations NNS 19 +. . 9 + +They PRP 2 +know VBP 0 +he PRP 4 +is VBZ 12 +generally RB 4 +opposed VBN 4 +to TO 6 +cop-killer JJ 9 +bullets NNS 7 +, , 12 +but CC 12 +that IN 2 +he PRP 14 +had VBD 12 +some DT 16 +reservations NNS 14 +about IN 16 +the DT 19 +language NN 17 +in IN 19 +the DT 22 +legislation NN 20 +. . 2 +'' '' 2 + +Virginia NNP 0 +: : 1 + +Democratic JJ 5 +Lt. NNP 5 +Gov. NNP 5 +Douglas NNP 5 +Wilder NNP 6 +opened VBD 0 +his PRP$ 9 +gubernatorial JJ 9 +battle NN 6 +with IN 9 +Republican JJ 13 +Marshall NNP 13 +Coleman NNP 10 +with IN 6 +an DT 17 +abortion NN 17 +commercial NN 14 +produced VBN 17 +by IN 18 +Frank NNP 21 +Greer NNP 19 +that IN 17 +analysts NNS 28 +of IN 23 +every DT 27 +political JJ 27 +persuasion NN 24 +agree VBP 22 +was VBD 28 +a DT 33 +tour NN 33 +de FW 33 +force NN 29 +. . 6 + +Against IN 14 +a DT 3 +shot NN 1 +of IN 3 +Monticello NNP 4 +superimposed VBN 3 +on IN 6 +an DT 10 +American JJ 10 +flag NN 7 +, , 14 +an DT 13 +announcer NN 14 +talks VBZ 0 +about IN 14 +the DT 19 +`` `` 19 +strong JJ 19 +tradition NN 15 +of IN 19 +freedom NN 24 +and CC 24 +individual JJ 24 +liberty NN 20 +'' '' 19 +that IN 19 +Virginians NNPS 28 +have VBP 26 +nurtured VBN 28 +for IN 29 +generations NNS 30 +. . 14 + +Then RB 20 +, , 20 +just RB 4 +as IN 20 +an DT 6 +image NN 13 +of IN 6 +the DT 9 +statue NN 7 +of IN 9 +Thomas NNP 12 +Jefferson NNP 10 +dissolves VBZ 4 +from IN 13 +the DT 16 +screen NN 14 +, , 20 +the DT 19 +announcer NN 20 +continues VBZ 0 +: : 20 +`` `` 20 +On IN 31 +the DT 25 +issue NN 23 +of IN 25 +abortion NN 26 +, , 31 +Marshall NNP 30 +Coleman NNP 31 +wants VBZ 20 +to TO 33 +take VB 40 +away RP 33 +your PRP$ 36 +right NN 33 +to TO 38 +choose VB 36 +and CC 40 +give VB 31 +it PRP 40 +to TO 40 +the DT 44 +politicians NNS 42 +. . 20 +'' '' 20 + +That DT 2 +commercial JJ 32 +-- : 4 +which WDT 2 +said VBD 4 +Mr. NNP 7 +Coleman NNP 8 +wanted VBD 5 +to TO 10 +take VB 8 +away RP 10 +the DT 13 +right NN 10 +of IN 13 +abortion NN 14 +`` `` 10 +even RB 18 +in IN 10 +cases NNS 18 +of IN 19 +rape NN 23 +and CC 23 +incest NN 20 +, , 10 +'' '' 10 +a DT 27 +charge NN 10 +Mr. NNP 29 +Coleman NNP 30 +denies VBZ 27 +-- : 4 +changed VBD 0 +the DT 34 +dynamics NNS 32 +of IN 34 +the DT 37 +campaign NN 35 +, , 32 +transforming VBG 32 +it PRP 39 +, , 44 +at IN 44 +least JJS 42 +in IN 39 +part NN 44 +, , 44 +into IN 39 +a DT 49 +referendum NN 47 +on IN 49 +abortion NN 50 +. . 32 + +The DT 2 +ad NN 3 +prompted VBD 0 +Mr. NNP 5 +Coleman NNP 11 +, , 11 +the DT 11 +former JJ 11 +Virginia NNP 11 +attorney NN 11 +general NN 14 +, , 11 +to TO 14 +launch VB 3 +a DT 16 +series NN 14 +of IN 16 +advertisements NNS 17 +created VBN 18 +by IN 19 +Bob NNP 22 +Goodman NNP 20 +and CC 19 +designed VBN 19 +to TO 26 +shake VB 24 +Mr. NNP 29 +Wilder NNP 29 +'s POS 30 +support NN 26 +among IN 30 +the DT 34 +very JJ 34 +women NNS 31 +who WP 34 +were VBD 35 +attracted VBN 36 +by IN 37 +the DT 41 +abortion NN 41 +ad NN 38 +. . 3 + +The DT 3 +Coleman NNP 3 +counterattack NN 4 +featured VBD 16 +a DT 6 +close-up NN 4 +of IN 6 +a DT 10 +young JJ 10 +woman NN 7 +in IN 10 +shadows NNS 11 +and CC 16 +the DT 15 +ad NN 16 +suggested VBD 0 +that IN 16 +she PRP 19 +was VBD 17 +recalling VBG 19 +an DT 24 +unpleasant JJ 24 +courtroom NN 24 +ordeal NN 20 +. . 16 + +A DT 2 +voice NN 3 +says VBZ 0 +, , 3 +`` `` 3 +C'mon VB 8 +, , 8 +now RB 10 +, , 10 +do VBP 3 +n't RB 10 +you PRP 10 +have VB 10 +boyfriends NNS 13 +? . 10 +'' '' 3 + +Then RB 4 +an DT 3 +announcer NN 4 +interjects VBZ 0 +: : 4 +`` `` 4 +It PRP 8 +was VBD 4 +Douglas NNP 10 +Wilder NNP 8 +who WP 8 +introduced VBD 11 +a DT 14 +bill NN 12 +to TO 16 +force VB 14 +rape NN 18 +victims NNS 24 +age NN 18 +13 CD 19 +and CC 19 +younger JJR 19 +to TO 24 +be VB 16 +interrogated VBN 24 +about IN 25 +their PRP$ 29 +private JJ 29 +lives NNS 26 +by IN 25 +lawyers NNS 30 +for IN 31 +accused VBN 34 +rapists NNS 32 +. . 4 + +So RB 14 +the DT 4 +next JJ 4 +time NN 14 +Mr. NNP 6 +Wilder NNP 7 +talks VBZ 4 +about IN 7 +the DT 10 +rights NNS 8 +of IN 10 +women NNS 11 +, , 14 +ask VB 0 +him PRP 14 +about IN 14 +this DT 18 +law NN 16 +he PRP 20 +tried VBD 18 +to TO 22 +pass VB 20 +. . 14 +'' '' 14 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Wilder NNP 3 +did VBD 13 +introduce VB 3 +such JJ 6 +legislation NN 4 +17 CD 8 +years NNS 9 +ago RB 4 +, , 13 +but CC 13 +he PRP 13 +did VBD 0 +so RB 13 +at IN 13 +the DT 17 +request NN 15 +of IN 17 +a DT 20 +constituent NN 18 +, , 13 +a DT 25 +common JJ 25 +legislative JJ 25 +technique NN 13 +used VBN 25 +by IN 26 +lawmakers NNS 27 +. . 13 + +The DT 2 +legislation NN 3 +itself PRP 4 +noted VBD 19 +that IN 4 +it PRP 7 +was VBD 5 +introduced VBN 7 +`` `` 8 +by IN 8 +request NN 10 +, , 19 +'' '' 19 +and CC 19 +in IN 19 +1983 CD 15 +Mr. NNP 18 +Wilder NNP 19 +introduced VBD 0 +a DT 21 +bill NN 19 +to TO 23 +protect VB 21 +rape NN 25 +victims NNS 23 +from IN 23 +unfounded JJ 28 +interrogation NN 26 +. . 19 + +`` `` 22 +People NNS 3 +have VBP 11 +grown VBN 3 +tired JJ 4 +of IN 5 +these DT 8 +ads NNS 6 +and CC 11 +Coleman NNP 11 +has VBZ 22 +gotten VBN 11 +the DT 14 +stigma NN 12 +of IN 14 +being VBG 15 +a DT 19 +negative JJ 19 +campaigner NN 16 +, , 22 +'' '' 22 +says VBZ 0 +Mark NNP 24 +Rozell NNP 28 +, , 28 +a DT 28 +political JJ 28 +scientist NN 22 +at IN 28 +Mary NNP 32 +Washington NNP 32 +College NNP 29 +. . 22 + +`` `` 3 +Wilder NNP 3 +has VBZ 0 +managed VBN 3 +to TO 6 +get VB 4 +across RP 6 +the DT 9 +idea NN 6 +that IN 9 +Coleman NNP 12 +will MD 10 +say VB 12 +anything NN 13 +to TO 16 +get VB 13 +elected VBN 16 +governor NN 17 +and CC 3 +-- : 22 +more RBR 22 +important JJ 24 +-- : 22 +has VBZ 3 +been VBN 24 +able JJ 25 +to TO 28 +put VB 26 +the DT 30 +onus NN 28 +for IN 30 +all PDT 35 +the DT 35 +negative JJ 35 +campaigning NN 31 +on IN 28 +Coleman NNP 36 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Coleman NNP 3 +said VBD 23 +this DT 5 +week NN 3 +that IN 3 +he PRP 8 +would MD 6 +devote VB 8 +the DT 11 +remainder NN 9 +of IN 11 +the DT 15 +political JJ 15 +season NN 12 +to TO 9 +positive JJ 18 +campaigning NN 16 +, , 23 +but CC 23 +the DT 22 +truce NN 23 +lasted VBD 0 +only RB 25 +hours NNS 23 +. . 23 + +By IN 7 +Tuesday NNP 3 +night NN 1 +, , 7 +television NN 6 +stations NNS 7 +were VBD 0 +carrying VBG 7 +new JJ 10 +ads NNS 8 +featuring VBG 10 +Mr. NNP 13 +Coleman NNP 14 +himself PRP 15 +raising VBG 11 +questions NNS 15 +about IN 16 +Mr. NNP 20 +Wilder NNP 20 +'s POS 21 +sensitivity NN 17 +to TO 21 +rape NN 24 +victims NNS 22 +. . 7 + +New NNP 2 +Jersey NNP 0 +: : 2 + +The DT 2 +attacks NNS 3 +began VBD 0 +when WRB 3 +Democratic JJ 8 +Rep. NNP 8 +James NNP 8 +Florio NNP 9 +aired VBD 4 +an DT 11 +ad NN 9 +featuring VBG 11 +a DT 14 +drawing NN 19 +of IN 14 +Pinocchio NNP 15 +and CC 19 +a DT 19 +photograph NN 12 +of IN 19 +Mr. NNP 23 +Florio NNP 23 +'s POS 24 +rival NN 29 +, , 29 +Republican JJ 29 +Rep. NNP 29 +Jim NNP 29 +Courter NNP 20 +. . 3 + +`` `` 6 +Remember VB 6 +Pinocchio NNP 2 +? . 6 +'' '' 6 +says VBZ 0 +a DT 9 +female JJ 9 +voice NN 6 +. . 6 + +`` `` 2 +Consider VB 0 +Jim NNP 4 +Courter NNP 2 +. . 2 +'' '' 2 + +And CC 11 +then RB 11 +this DT 4 +commercial NN 11 +, , 4 +produced VBN 4 +by IN 6 +Bob NNP 9 +Squier NNP 7 +, , 4 +gets VBZ 0 +down RB 11 +to TO 12 +its PRP$ 19 +own JJ 19 +mean JJ 18 +and CC 18 +dirty JJ 19 +business NN 13 +. . 11 + +Pictures NNS 6 +of IN 1 +rusted VBN 5 +oil NN 5 +drums NNS 2 +swim VBP 14 +into IN 6 +focus NN 7 +, , 14 +and CC 14 +the DT 13 +female JJ 13 +voice NN 14 +purrs VBZ 0 +, , 14 +`` `` 14 +That DT 19 +hazardous JJ 19 +waste NN 14 +on IN 19 +his PRP$ 27 +-LCB- -LRB- 25 +Mr. NNP 25 +Courter NNP 25 +'s POS 27 +-RCB- -RRB- 25 +property NN 20 +-- : 19 +the DT 30 +neighbors NNS 31 +are VBP 19 +suing VBG 31 +for IN 32 +consumer NN 35 +fraud NN 33 +. . 14 +'' '' 14 + +And CC 9 +the DT 3 +nose NN 9 +on IN 3 +Mr. NNP 7 +Courter NNP 7 +'s POS 8 +face NN 4 +grows VBZ 0 +. . 9 + +The DT 3 +only JJ 3 +fraud NN 12 +involved VBN 3 +, , 12 +cry VBP 12 +Mr. NNP 9 +Courter NNP 9 +'s POS 10 +partisans NNS 6 +, , 12 +is VBZ 23 +the DT 15 +Florio NNP 15 +commercial NN 16 +itself PRP 12 +, , 23 +and CC 23 +so RB 23 +the DT 22 +Courter NNP 22 +campaign NN 23 +has VBZ 0 +responded VBN 23 +with IN 24 +its PRP$ 29 +own JJ 29 +Pinocchio NNP 29 +commercial NN 25 +, , 29 +produced VBN 29 +by IN 31 +Mr. NNP 34 +Ailes NNP 32 +. . 23 + +In IN 7 +this DT 3 +one NN 1 +, , 7 +the DT 6 +screen NN 7 +fills VBZ 0 +with IN 7 +photographs NNS 8 +of IN 9 +both DT 12 +candidates NNS 10 +. . 7 + +`` `` 8 +Who WP 3 +'s VBZ 8 +really RB 3 +lying VBG 3 +? . 8 +'' '' 8 +asks VBZ 0 +a DT 11 +female JJ 11 +voice NN 8 +. . 8 + +`` `` 3 +Florio NNP 3 +'s VBZ 0 +lying VBG 3 +, , 9 +'' '' 9 +the DT 8 +voice NN 9 +goes VBZ 4 +on RP 9 +, , 9 +because IN 4 +`` `` 12 +the DT 15 +barrel NN 21 +on IN 15 +Courter NNP 18 +'s POS 19 +land NN 16 +... : 21 +contained VBD 12 +heating NN 23 +oil NN 21 +, , 21 +was VBD 21 +cleaned VBN 25 +up RP 26 +and CC 21 +caused VBD 21 +no DT 31 +pollution NN 29 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +Mr. NNP 3 +Courter NNP 3 +'s POS 5 +long JJ 5 +nose NN 6 +shrinks VBZ 0 +while IN 6 +Mr. NNP 10 +Florio NNP 10 +'s POS 11 +grows VBZ 7 +. . 6 + +Who WP 2 +'s VBZ 0 +telling VBG 2 +the DT 5 +truth NN 3 +? . 2 + +Stephen NNP 2 +Salmore NNP 6 +, , 6 +a DT 6 +political JJ 6 +scientist NN 14 +at IN 6 +New NNP 10 +Jersey NNP 10 +'s POS 12 +Eagleton NNP 12 +Institute NNP 7 +, , 6 +says VBZ 0 +it PRP 16 +'s VBZ 14 +another DT 18 +example NN 16 +of IN 18 +an DT 21 +ad NN 19 +that WDT 21 +'s VBZ 22 +true JJ 28 +but CC 28 +not RB 28 +fully RB 28 +accurate JJ 23 +. . 14 + +Barrels NNS 2 +were VBD 16 +dumped VBN 2 +on IN 3 +the DT 7 +Courter NNP 7 +property NN 4 +, , 16 +a DT 10 +complaint NN 11 +was VBD 16 +made VBN 11 +, , 16 +but CC 16 +there EX 16 +is VBZ 0 +no DT 18 +evidence NN 16 +the DT 20 +barrels NNS 21 +were VBD 18 +a DT 24 +serious JJ 24 +threat NN 21 +to TO 24 +the DT 27 +environment NN 25 +. . 16 + +Even RB 11 +so RB 1 +, , 11 +according VBG 11 +to TO 4 +Mr. NNP 7 +Salmore NNP 5 +, , 11 +the DT 10 +ad NN 11 +was VBD 0 +`` `` 11 +devastating VBG 11 +'' '' 11 +because IN 11 +it PRP 17 +raised VBD 15 +questions NNS 17 +about IN 18 +Mr. NNP 22 +Courter NNP 22 +'s POS 23 +credibility NN 19 +. . 11 + +But CC 3 +it PRP 3 +'s VBZ 0 +building VBG 3 +on IN 4 +a DT 8 +long JJ 8 +tradition NN 5 +. . 3 + +In IN 22 +1966 CD 1 +, , 22 +on IN 22 +route NN 4 +to TO 5 +a DT 9 +re-election NN 9 +rout NN 6 +of IN 9 +Democrat NNP 13 +Frank NNP 13 +O'Connor NNP 10 +, , 22 +GOP NNP 18 +Gov. NNP 18 +Nelson NNP 18 +Rockefeller NNP 22 +of IN 18 +New NNP 21 +York NNP 19 +appeared VBD 0 +in IN 22 +person NN 23 +saying VBG 22 +, , 25 +`` `` 25 +If IN 39 +you PRP 30 +want VBP 28 +to TO 32 +keep VB 30 +the DT 35 +crime NN 35 +rates NNS 36 +high JJ 32 +, , 39 +O'Connor NNP 39 +is VBZ 25 +your PRP$ 41 +man NN 39 +. . 22 +'' '' 22 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0043.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0043.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c1c1458f9dad4f2116fab0449a4916912cb07b69 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0043.dp @@ -0,0 +1,1132 @@ +Japanese JJ 2 +investment NN 6 +in IN 2 +Southeast NNP 5 +Asia NNP 3 +is VBZ 0 +propelling VBG 6 +the DT 9 +region NN 7 +toward IN 7 +economic JJ 12 +integration NN 10 +. . 6 + +Interviews NNS 10 +with IN 1 +analysts NNS 6 +and CC 6 +business NN 6 +people NNS 2 +in IN 6 +the DT 9 +U.S. NNP 7 +suggest VBP 0 +that IN 10 +Japanese JJ 13 +capital NN 14 +may MD 11 +produce VB 14 +the DT 18 +economic JJ 18 +cooperation NN 15 +that IN 18 +Southeast JJ 22 +Asian JJ 22 +politicians NNS 23 +have VBP 19 +pursued VBN 23 +in IN 24 +fits NNS 28 +and CC 28 +starts NNS 25 +for IN 24 +decades NNS 29 +. . 10 + +But CC 9 +Japan NNP 3 +'s POS 4 +power NN 9 +in IN 4 +the DT 7 +region NN 5 +also RB 9 +is VBZ 0 +sparking VBG 9 +fears NNS 10 +of IN 11 +domination NN 12 +and CC 10 +posing VBG 10 +fresh JJ 18 +policy NN 18 +questions NNS 15 +. . 9 + +The DT 2 +flow NN 6 +of IN 2 +Japanese JJ 5 +funds NNS 3 +has VBZ 28 +set VBN 6 +in IN 7 +motion NN 8 +`` `` 7 +a DT 12 +process NN 7 +whereby WRB 12 +these DT 15 +economies NNS 16 +will MD 13 +be VB 16 +knitted VBN 17 +together RP 18 +by IN 18 +the DT 25 +great JJ 25 +Japanese JJ 25 +investment NN 25 +machine NN 20 +, , 28 +'' '' 28 +says VBZ 0 +Robert NNP 30 +Hormats NNP 33 +, , 33 +vice NN 33 +chairman NN 28 +of IN 33 +Goldman NNP 38 +Sachs NNP 38 +International NNP 38 +Corp NNP 34 +. . 28 + +In IN 9 +the DT 5 +past JJ 5 +five CD 5 +years NNS 1 +, , 9 +Japanese JJ 8 +companies NNS 9 +have VBP 0 +tripled VBN 9 +their PRP$ 12 +commitments NNS 10 +in IN 12 +Asia NNP 13 +to TO 10 +$ $ 15 +5.57 CD 16 +billion CD 16 +. . 9 + +In IN 13 +Thailand NNP 1 +, , 4 +for IN 13 +example NN 4 +, , 4 +the DT 9 +government NN 9 +'s POS 10 +Board NNP 13 +of IN 10 +Investment NNP 11 +approved VBD 0 +$ $ 13 +705.6 CD 14 +million CD 14 +of IN 14 +Japanese JJ 19 +investment NN 17 +in IN 13 +1988 CD 20 +, , 13 +10 CD 24 +times NNS 28 +the DT 28 +U.S. NNP 28 +investment NN 28 +figure NN 13 +for IN 28 +the DT 31 +year NN 29 +. . 13 + +Japan NNP 2 +'s POS 3 +commitment NN 8 +in IN 3 +Southeast NNP 6 +Asia NNP 4 +also RB 8 +includes VBZ 0 +steep JJ 10 +increases NNS 8 +in IN 10 +foreign JJ 15 +assistance NN 15 +and CC 15 +trade NN 11 +. . 8 + +Asia NNP 2 +'s POS 5 +other JJ 5 +cash-rich JJ 5 +countries NNS 6 +are VBP 0 +following VBG 6 +Japan NNP 9 +'s POS 10 +lead NN 7 +and CC 7 +pumping VBG 7 +capital NN 12 +into IN 12 +the DT 16 +region NN 14 +. . 6 + +In IN 9 +Taiwan NNP 5 +and CC 5 +South NNP 5 +Korea NNP 1 +, , 9 +rising VBG 8 +wages NNS 9 +are VBP 0 +forcing VBG 9 +manufacturers NNS 13 +to TO 13 +seek VB 10 +other JJ 16 +overseas JJ 16 +sites NNS 13 +for IN 16 +labor-intensive JJ 19 +production NN 17 +. . 9 + +These DT 2 +nations NNS 14 +, , 2 +known VBN 2 +as IN 4 +Asia NNP 7 +'s POS 10 +`` `` 10 +little JJ 10 +tigers NNS 5 +, , 14 +'' '' 14 +also RB 14 +are VBP 25 +contributing VBG 14 +to TO 15 +Southeast NNP 19 +Asia NNP 19 +'s POS 20 +integration NN 16 +, , 25 +but CC 25 +their PRP$ 24 +influence NN 25 +will MD 0 +remain VB 25 +subordinate JJ 26 +to TO 27 +Japan NNP 30 +'s POS 28 +. . 25 + +For IN 12 +recipient JJ 3 +countries NNS 1 +such JJ 5 +as IN 3 +Thailand NNP 8 +and CC 8 +Malaysia NNP 5 +, , 12 +the DT 11 +investment NN 12 +will MD 0 +provide VB 12 +needed JJ 15 +jobs NNS 13 +and CC 13 +spur VB 13 +growth NN 17 +. . 12 + +But CC 20 +Asian JJ 4 +nations NNS 4 +' POS 6 +harsh JJ 6 +memories NNS 20 +of IN 6 +their PRP$ 10 +military JJ 10 +domination NN 7 +by IN 10 +Japan NNP 11 +in IN 10 +the DT 16 +early JJ 16 +part NN 13 +of IN 16 +this DT 19 +century NN 17 +make VBP 0 +them PRP 22 +fearful JJ 20 +of IN 22 +falling VBG 23 +under IN 24 +Japanese JJ 28 +economic JJ 28 +hegemony NN 25 +now RB 24 +. . 20 + +Because IN 10 +of IN 1 +budget NN 4 +constraints NNS 1 +in IN 4 +Washington NNP 5 +, , 10 +the DT 9 +U.S. NNP 10 +encourages VBZ 0 +Japan NNP 13 +to TO 13 +share VB 10 +economic JJ 15 +burdens NNS 13 +in IN 15 +the DT 18 +region NN 16 +. . 10 + +But CC 3 +it PRP 3 +resists VBZ 0 +yielding VBG 3 +political JJ 6 +ground NN 4 +. . 3 + +In IN 11 +the DT 4 +coming VBG 4 +decade NN 1 +, , 7 +analysts NNS 7 +say VBP 11 +, , 7 +U.S.-Japanese JJ 10 +relations NNS 11 +will MD 0 +be VB 11 +tested VBN 12 +as IN 13 +Tokyo NNP 16 +comes VBZ 14 +to TO 16 +terms NNS 17 +with IN 16 +its PRP$ 22 +new JJ 22 +status NN 19 +as IN 22 +the DT 26 +region NN 26 +'s POS 28 +economic JJ 28 +behemoth NN 23 +. . 11 + +Japan NNP 2 +'s POS 4 +swelling VBG 4 +investment NN 8 +in IN 4 +Southeast NNP 7 +Asia NNP 5 +is VBZ 0 +part NN 8 +of IN 9 +its PRP$ 13 +economic JJ 13 +evolution NN 10 +. . 8 + +In IN 8 +the DT 4 +past NN 4 +decade NN 1 +, , 8 +Japanese JJ 7 +manufacturers NNS 8 +concentrated VBD 0 +on IN 8 +domestic JJ 11 +production NN 9 +for IN 11 +export NN 12 +. . 8 + +In IN 17 +the DT 3 +1990s NNS 1 +, , 17 +spurred VBN 17 +by IN 5 +rising VBG 9 +labor NN 9 +costs NNS 13 +and CC 13 +the DT 13 +strong JJ 13 +yen NNS 6 +, , 17 +these DT 16 +companies NNS 17 +will MD 0 +increasingly RB 17 +turn VB 17 +themselves PRP 19 +into IN 19 +multinationals NNS 21 +with IN 22 +plants NNS 23 +around IN 24 +the DT 27 +world NN 25 +. . 17 + +To TO 2 +capture VB 9 +the DT 4 +investment NN 2 +, , 9 +Southeast JJ 8 +Asian JJ 8 +nations NNS 9 +will MD 0 +move VB 9 +to TO 12 +accommodate VB 10 +Japanese JJ 14 +business NN 12 +. . 9 + +These DT 3 +nations NNS 3 +' POS 5 +internal JJ 5 +decisions NNS 7 +`` `` 7 +will MD 29 +be VB 7 +made VBN 8 +in IN 9 +a DT 12 +way NN 10 +not RB 15 +to TO 15 +offend VB 12 +their PRP$ 26 +largest JJS 19 +aid NN 19 +donor NN 26 +, , 26 +largest JJS 23 +private JJ 23 +investor NN 26 +and CC 26 +largest JJS 26 +lender NN 15 +, , 29 +'' '' 29 +says VBZ 0 +Richard NNP 31 +Drobnick NNP 33 +, , 33 +director NN 29 +of IN 33 +the DT 40 +international JJ 40 +business NN 40 +and CC 40 +research NN 40 +program NN 34 +at IN 40 +the DT 43 +University NNP 47 +of IN 43 +Southern NNP 46 +California NNP 44 +'s POS 49 +Graduate NNP 49 +School NNP 41 +of IN 49 +Business NNP 50 +. . 29 + +Japanese JJ 2 +money NN 3 +will MD 0 +help VB 3 +turn VB 4 +Southeast NNP 7 +Asia NNP 5 +into IN 5 +a DT 13 +more RBR 11 +cohesive JJ 13 +economic JJ 13 +region NN 8 +. . 3 + +But CC 8 +, , 4 +analysts NNS 4 +say VBP 8 +, , 4 +Asian JJ 7 +cooperation NN 8 +is VBZ 0 +n't RB 8 +likely JJ 8 +to TO 12 +parallel VB 10 +the DT 17 +European NNP 17 +Common NNP 17 +Market NNP 17 +approach NN 12 +. . 8 + +Rather RB 5 +, , 5 +Japanese JJ 4 +investment NN 5 +will MD 12 +spur VB 5 +integration NN 6 +of IN 7 +certain JJ 10 +sectors NNS 8 +, , 12 +says VBZ 0 +Kent NNP 14 +Calder NNP 17 +, , 17 +a DT 17 +specialist NN 12 +in IN 17 +East JJ 21 +Asian JJ 21 +economies NNS 18 +at IN 17 +the DT 26 +Woodrow NNP 26 +Wilson NNP 26 +School NNP 22 +for IN 26 +Public NNP 31 +and CC 31 +Internatonal NNP 31 +Affairs NNP 27 +at IN 26 +Princeton NNP 34 +University NNP 32 +. . 12 + +In IN 10 +electronics NNS 1 +, , 10 +for IN 10 +example NN 4 +, , 10 +a DT 9 +Japanese JJ 9 +company NN 10 +might MD 0 +make VB 10 +television NN 14 +picture NN 14 +tubes NNS 11 +in IN 11 +Japan NNP 15 +, , 11 +assemble VB 11 +the DT 20 +sets NNS 18 +in IN 18 +Malaysia NNP 21 +and CC 11 +export VB 11 +them PRP 24 +to TO 24 +Indonesia NNP 26 +. . 10 + +`` `` 23 +The DT 3 +effect NN 4 +will MD 23 +be VB 4 +to TO 7 +pull VB 5 +Asia NN 7 +together RP 7 +not RB 7 +as IN 10 +a DT 14 +common JJ 14 +market NN 11 +but CC 10 +as IN 10 +an DT 20 +integrated JJ 20 +production NN 20 +zone NN 16 +, , 23 +'' '' 23 +says VBZ 0 +Goldman NNP 26 +Sachs NNP 26 +'s POS 28 +Mr. NNP 28 +Hormats NNP 23 +. . 23 + +Countries NNS 6 +in IN 1 +the DT 4 +region NN 2 +also RB 6 +are VBP 0 +beginning VBG 6 +to TO 9 +consider VB 7 +a DT 11 +framework NN 9 +for IN 11 +closer JJR 17 +economic JJ 17 +and CC 17 +political JJ 17 +ties NNS 12 +. . 6 + +The DT 5 +economic JJ 5 +and CC 5 +foreign JJ 5 +ministers NNS 12 +of IN 5 +12 CD 11 +Asian JJ 11 +and CC 8 +Pacific NNP 8 +nations NNS 6 +will MD 0 +meet VB 12 +in IN 13 +Australia NNP 14 +next JJ 17 +week NN 13 +to TO 19 +discuss VB 13 +global JJ 22 +trade NN 22 +issues NNS 27 +as RB 27 +well RB 23 +as IN 23 +regional JJ 27 +matters NNS 19 +such JJ 29 +as IN 27 +transportation NN 32 +and CC 32 +telecommunications NN 29 +. . 12 + +Participants NNS 2 +will MD 0 +include VB 2 +the DT 5 +U.S. NNP 17 +, , 17 +Australia NNP 17 +, , 17 +Canada NNP 17 +, , 17 +Japan NNP 17 +, , 17 +South NNP 14 +Korea NNP 17 +and CC 17 +New NNP 17 +Zealand NNP 43 +as RB 43 +well RB 18 +as IN 18 +the DT 23 +six CD 23 +members NNS 43 +of IN 23 +the DT 26 +Association NNP 24 +of IN 26 +Southeast NNP 30 +Asian NNP 30 +Nations NNPS 27 +-- : 43 +Thailand NNP 43 +, , 43 +Malaysia NNP 43 +, , 43 +Singapore NNP 43 +, , 43 +Indonesia NNP 43 +, , 43 +the DT 41 +Philippines NNPS 43 +and CC 43 +Brunei NNP 3 +. . 2 + +In IN 8 +addition NN 1 +, , 8 +the DT 5 +U.S. NNP 8 +this DT 7 +year NN 8 +offered VBD 0 +its PRP$ 11 +own JJ 11 +plan NN 8 +for IN 11 +cooperation NN 12 +around IN 13 +the DT 17 +Pacific NNP 17 +rim NN 14 +in IN 8 +a DT 21 +major JJ 21 +speech NN 18 +by IN 21 +Secretary NNP 27 +of IN 23 +State NNP 24 +James NNP 27 +Baker NNP 22 +, , 21 +following VBG 21 +up RP 29 +a DT 32 +proposal NN 29 +made VBN 32 +in IN 33 +January NNP 34 +by IN 33 +Australian NNP 41 +Prime NNP 41 +Minister NNP 41 +Bob NNP 41 +Hawke NNP 36 +. . 8 + +The DT 3 +Baker NNP 3 +proposal NN 4 +reasserts VBZ 0 +Washington NNP 6 +'s POS 7 +intention NN 4 +to TO 9 +continue VB 7 +playing VBG 9 +a DT 14 +leading VBG 14 +political JJ 14 +role NN 10 +in IN 10 +the DT 17 +region NN 15 +. . 4 + +`` `` 19 +In IN 12 +Asia NNP 2 +, , 12 +as IN 12 +in IN 5 +Europe NNP 6 +, , 12 +a DT 11 +new JJ 11 +order NN 12 +is VBZ 19 +taking VBG 12 +shape NN 13 +, , 19 +'' '' 19 +Mr. NNP 18 +Baker NNP 19 +said VBD 0 +. . 19 + +`` `` 10 +The DT 3 +U.S. NNP 10 +, , 5 +with IN 10 +its PRP$ 8 +regional JJ 8 +friends NNS 5 +, , 5 +must MD 0 +play VB 10 +a DT 14 +crucial JJ 14 +role NN 11 +in IN 11 +designing VBG 15 +its PRP$ 18 +architecture NN 16 +. . 10 +'' '' 10 + +But CC 5 +maintaining VBG 5 +U.S. NNP 4 +influence NN 2 +will MD 0 +be VB 5 +difficult JJ 6 +in IN 6 +the DT 10 +face NN 8 +of IN 10 +Japanese JJ 13 +dominance NN 11 +in IN 13 +the DT 16 +region NN 14 +. . 5 + +Japan NNP 4 +not RB 4 +only RB 2 +outstrips VBZ 0 +the DT 6 +U.S. NNP 4 +in IN 4 +investment NN 9 +flows NNS 7 +but CC 4 +also RB 10 +outranks VBZ 4 +it PRP 12 +in IN 12 +trade NN 14 +with IN 15 +most JJS 20 +Southeast JJ 20 +Asian JJ 20 +countries NNS 16 +-LRB- -LRB- 22 +although IN 4 +the DT 24 +U.S. NNP 25 +remains VBZ 22 +the DT 29 +leading VBG 29 +trade NN 29 +partner NN 25 +for IN 29 +all DT 30 +of IN 31 +Asia NNP 32 +-RRB- -RRB- 22 +. . 4 + +Moreover RB 15 +, , 15 +the DT 5 +Japanese JJ 5 +government NN 13 +, , 13 +now RB 13 +the DT 10 +world NN 10 +'s POS 13 +largest JJS 13 +aid NN 13 +donor NN 15 +, , 13 +is VBZ 0 +pumping VBG 15 +far RB 18 +more JJR 19 +assistance NN 16 +into IN 16 +the DT 22 +region NN 20 +than IN 16 +the DT 25 +U.S. NNP 26 +is VBZ 23 +. . 15 + +While IN 16 +U.S. NNP 3 +officials NNS 4 +voice VBP 1 +optimism NN 4 +about IN 5 +Japan NNP 8 +'s POS 10 +enlarged JJ 10 +role NN 6 +in IN 10 +Asia NNP 11 +, , 16 +they PRP 16 +also RB 16 +convey VBP 0 +an DT 18 +undertone NN 16 +of IN 18 +caution NN 19 +. . 16 + +`` `` 23 +There EX 3 +'s VBZ 23 +an DT 5 +understanding NN 3 +on IN 5 +the DT 8 +part NN 6 +of IN 8 +the DT 11 +U.S. NNP 9 +that IN 5 +Japan NNP 14 +has VBZ 12 +to TO 16 +expand VB 14 +its PRP$ 18 +functions NNS 16 +'' '' 18 +in IN 18 +Asia NNP 20 +, , 23 +says VBZ 0 +J. NNP 26 +Michael NNP 26 +Farren NNP 28 +, , 28 +undersecretary NN 23 +of IN 28 +commerce NN 29 +for IN 28 +trade NN 31 +. . 23 + +`` `` 14 +If IN 14 +they PRP 4 +approach VBP 2 +it PRP 4 +with IN 4 +a DT 11 +benevolent JJ 11 +, , 11 +altruistic JJ 11 +attitude NN 6 +, , 14 +there EX 14 +will MD 0 +be VB 14 +a DT 18 +net JJ 18 +gain NN 15 +for IN 15 +everyone NN 19 +. . 14 +'' '' 14 + +Some DT 3 +Asian JJ 3 +nations NNS 4 +are VBP 0 +apprehensive JJ 4 +about IN 5 +Washington NNP 8 +'s POS 9 +demand NN 6 +that IN 9 +Tokyo NNP 12 +step VB 10 +up RP 12 +its PRP$ 16 +military JJ 16 +spending NN 12 +to TO 18 +ease VB 12 +the DT 22 +U.S. NNP 22 +security NN 22 +burden NN 18 +in IN 22 +the DT 25 +region NN 23 +. . 4 + +The DT 2 +issue NN 3 +is VBZ 0 +further RBR 3 +complicated JJ 4 +by IN 4 +uncertainty NN 6 +over IN 7 +the DT 10 +future NN 8 +of IN 10 +the DT 14 +U.S. NNP 14 +'s POS 15 +leases NNS 11 +on IN 15 +military JJ 18 +bases NNS 16 +in IN 18 +the DT 21 +Philippines NNPS 19 +and CC 6 +by IN 6 +a DT 28 +possible JJ 28 +U.S. NNP 28 +troop NN 28 +reduction NN 23 +in IN 28 +South NNP 31 +Korea NNP 29 +. . 3 + +Many JJ 2 +Asians NNPS 3 +regard VBP 0 +a DT 6 +U.S. NNP 6 +presence NN 3 +as IN 3 +a DT 10 +desirable JJ 10 +counterweight NN 7 +to TO 10 +Japanese JJ 13 +influence NN 11 +. . 3 + +`` `` 19 +No DT 3 +one NN 4 +wants VBZ 19 +the DT 6 +U.S. NNP 8 +to TO 8 +pick VB 4 +up RP 8 +its PRP$ 11 +marbles NNS 8 +and CC 8 +go VB 8 +home RB 13 +, , 19 +'' '' 19 +Mr. NNP 18 +Hormats NNP 19 +says VBZ 0 +. . 19 + +For IN 9 +their PRP$ 3 +part NN 1 +, , 9 +Taiwan NNP 8 +and CC 8 +South NNP 8 +Korea NNP 9 +are VBP 0 +expected VBN 9 +to TO 12 +step VB 10 +up RP 12 +their PRP$ 16 +own JJ 16 +investments NNS 12 +in IN 12 +the DT 20 +next JJ 20 +decade NN 17 +to TO 22 +try VB 12 +to TO 24 +slow VB 22 +the DT 27 +Japanese JJ 27 +juggernaut NN 24 +. . 9 + +`` `` 17 +They PRP 3 +do VBP 17 +n't RB 3 +want VB 3 +Japan NNP 8 +to TO 8 +monopolize VB 5 +the DT 10 +region NN 8 +and CC 8 +sew VB 8 +it PRP 12 +up RP 12 +, , 17 +'' '' 17 +says VBZ 0 +Chong-sik NNP 19 +Lee NNP 21 +, , 21 +professor NN 17 +of IN 21 +East JJ 25 +Asian JJ 25 +politics NNS 22 +at IN 21 +the DT 28 +University NNP 26 +of IN 28 +Pennsylvania NNP 29 +. . 17 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0044.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0044.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6306fced42d0ff7bbf25defff63816521d4cce1e --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0044.dp @@ -0,0 +1,3034 @@ +Cathryn NNP 2 +Rice NNP 3 +could MD 0 +hardly RB 3 +believe VB 3 +her PRP$ 7 +eyes NNS 5 +. . 3 + +While IN 21 +giving VBG 1 +the DT 5 +Comprehensive JJ 5 +Test NN 2 +of IN 5 +Basic JJ 8 +Skills NNS 6 +to TO 2 +ninth JJ 11 +graders NNS 9 +at IN 2 +Greenville NNP 15 +High NNP 15 +School NNP 12 +last JJ 17 +March NNP 2 +16 CD 17 +, , 21 +she PRP 21 +spotted VBD 0 +a DT 23 +student NN 21 +looking VBG 23 +at IN 24 +crib JJ 27 +sheets NNS 25 +. . 21 + +She PRP 2 +had VBD 10 +seen VBN 2 +cheating NN 3 +before RB 3 +, , 10 +but CC 10 +these DT 9 +notes NNS 10 +were VBD 0 +uncanny JJ 10 +. . 10 + +`` `` 4 +A DT 3 +stockbroker NN 4 +is VBZ 0 +an DT 6 +example NN 4 +of IN 6 +a DT 9 +profession NN 7 +in IN 9 +trade NN 13 +and CC 13 +finance NN 10 +... : 4 +. . 4 + +At IN 10 +the DT 3 +end NN 1 +of IN 3 +World NNP 7 +War NNP 7 +II NNP 4 +, , 10 +Germany NNP 10 +surrendered VBD 0 +before IN 10 +Japan NNP 11 +... : 10 +. . 10 + +The DT 4 +Senate-House JJ 4 +conference NN 4 +committee NN 5 +is VBZ 0 +used VBN 5 +when WRB 6 +a DT 9 +bill NN 10 +is VBZ 7 +passed VBN 10 +by IN 11 +the DT 16 +House NNP 16 +and CC 16 +Senate NNP 12 +in IN 11 +different JJ 19 +forms NNS 17 +. . 5 +'' '' 5 + +Virtually RB 8 +word NN 1 +for IN 1 +word NN 1 +, , 8 +the DT 7 +notes NNS 8 +matched VBD 0 +questions NNS 11 +and CC 11 +answers NNS 8 +on IN 11 +the DT 15 +social-studies NN 15 +section NN 12 +of IN 15 +the DT 18 +test NN 16 +the DT 20 +student NN 21 +was VBD 18 +taking VBG 21 +. . 8 + +In IN 6 +fact NN 1 +, , 6 +the DT 5 +student NN 6 +had VBD 0 +the DT 8 +answers NNS 6 +to TO 8 +almost RB 9 +all DT 10 +of IN 10 +the DT 15 +40 CD 15 +questions NNS 12 +in IN 15 +that DT 18 +section NN 16 +. . 6 + +The DT 2 +student NN 3 +surrendered VBD 0 +the DT 5 +notes NNS 3 +, , 3 +but CC 3 +not RB 3 +without IN 8 +a DT 11 +protest NN 9 +. . 3 + +`` `` 20 +My PRP$ 3 +teacher NN 4 +said VBD 20 +it PRP 6 +was VBD 4 +OK UH 6 +for IN 6 +me PRP 11 +to TO 11 +use VB 8 +the DT 13 +notes NNS 11 +on IN 11 +the DT 16 +test NN 14 +, , 20 +'' '' 20 +he PRP 20 +said VBD 0 +. . 20 + +The DT 2 +teacher NN 5 +in IN 2 +question NN 3 +was VBD 0 +Nancy NNP 7 +Yeargin NNP 5 +-- : 7 +considered VBN 7 +by IN 9 +many JJ 14 +students NNS 14 +and CC 14 +parents NNS 10 +to TO 16 +be VB 9 +one CD 16 +of IN 17 +the DT 20 +best JJS 18 +at IN 20 +the DT 23 +school NN 21 +. . 5 + +Confronted VBN 5 +, , 5 +Mrs. NNP 4 +Yeargin NNP 5 +admitted VBD 0 +she PRP 7 +had VBD 5 +given VBN 7 +the DT 10 +questions NNS 8 +and CC 10 +answers VBZ 10 +two CD 14 +days NNS 15 +before IN 8 +the DT 17 +examination NN 15 +to TO 8 +two CD 22 +low-ability JJ 22 +geography NN 22 +classes NNS 18 +. . 5 + +She PRP 2 +had VBD 0 +gone VBN 2 +so RB 3 +far RB 4 +as IN 4 +to TO 8 +display VB 6 +the DT 10 +questions NNS 8 +on IN 8 +an DT 14 +overhead JJ 14 +projector NN 11 +and CC 8 +underline VB 8 +the DT 18 +answers NNS 16 +. . 2 + +Mrs. NNP 2 +Yeargin NNP 3 +was VBD 0 +fired VBN 3 +and CC 4 +prosecuted VBN 4 +under IN 6 +an DT 12 +unusual JJ 12 +South NNP 12 +Carolina NNP 12 +law NN 7 +that WDT 12 +makes VBZ 13 +it PRP 19 +a DT 17 +crime NN 19 +to TO 19 +breach VB 14 +test NN 21 +security NN 19 +. . 3 + +In IN 5 +September NNP 1 +, , 5 +she PRP 5 +pleaded VBD 0 +guilty JJ 5 +and CC 5 +paid VBD 5 +a DT 12 +$ $ 12 +500 CD 10 +fine NN 8 +. . 5 + +Her PRP$ 2 +alternative NN 3 +was VBD 0 +90 CD 5 +days NNS 3 +in IN 5 +jail NN 6 +. . 3 + +Her PRP$ 2 +story NN 3 +is VBZ 0 +partly RB 3 +one NN 3 +of IN 5 +personal JJ 8 +downfall NN 6 +. . 3 + +She PRP 2 +was VBD 15 +an DT 5 +unstinting JJ 5 +teacher NN 2 +who WP 5 +won VBD 6 +laurels NNS 7 +and CC 7 +inspired VBD 7 +students NNS 10 +, , 15 +but CC 15 +she PRP 15 +will MD 0 +probably RB 15 +never RB 15 +teach VB 15 +again RB 18 +. . 15 + +In IN 5 +her PRP$ 3 +wake NN 1 +she PRP 5 +left VBD 0 +the DT 9 +bitterness NN 9 +and CC 9 +anger NN 5 +of IN 9 +a DT 12 +principal NN 10 +who WP 12 +was VBD 13 +her PRP$ 16 +friend NN 14 +and CC 14 +now RB 19 +calls VBZ 14 +her PRP 22 +a DT 22 +betrayer NN 19 +; : 10 +of IN 10 +colleagues NNS 24 +who WP 25 +say VBP 26 +she PRP 29 +brought VBD 27 +them PRP 29 +shame NN 29 +; : 10 +of IN 10 +students NNS 36 +and CC 36 +parents NNS 33 +who WP 36 +defended VBD 37 +her PRP 38 +and CC 38 +insist VBP 38 +she PRP 43 +was VBD 41 +treated VBN 43 +harshly RB 44 +; : 10 +and CC 10 +of IN 10 +school-district NN 50 +officials NNS 48 +stunned JJ 50 +that IN 51 +despite IN 62 +the DT 56 +bald-faced JJ 56 +nature NN 53 +of IN 56 +her PRP$ 59 +actions NNS 57 +, , 62 +she PRP 62 +became VBD 52 +something NN 62 +of IN 63 +a DT 67 +local JJ 67 +martyr NN 64 +. . 5 + +Mrs. NNP 3 +Yeargin NNP 3 +'s POS 4 +case NN 6 +also RB 6 +casts VBZ 0 +some DT 8 +light NN 6 +on IN 6 +the DT 12 +dark JJ 12 +side NN 9 +of IN 12 +school NN 15 +reform NN 13 +, , 12 +where WRB 24 +pressures NNS 21 +on IN 18 +teachers NNS 19 +are VBP 17 +growing VBG 21 +and CC 24 +where WRB 12 +high-stakes JJ 26 +testing NN 27 +has VBZ 24 +enhanced VBN 27 +the DT 30 +temptation NN 28 +to TO 32 +cheat VB 30 +. . 6 + +The DT 3 +1987 CD 3 +statute NN 7 +Mrs. NNP 5 +Yeargin NNP 6 +violated VBD 3 +was VBD 0 +designed VBN 7 +to TO 10 +enforce VB 8 +provisions NNS 10 +of IN 11 +South NNP 15 +Carolina NNP 15 +'s POS 17 +school-improvement JJ 17 +laws NNS 12 +. . 7 + +Prosecutors NNS 2 +alleged VBD 0 +that IN 2 +she PRP 5 +was VBD 3 +trying VBG 5 +to TO 8 +bolster VB 6 +students NNS 10 +' POS 11 +scores NNS 8 +to TO 13 +win VB 8 +a DT 15 +bonus NN 13 +under IN 13 +the DT 19 +state NN 19 +'s POS 23 +1984 CD 23 +Education NNP 23 +Improvement NNP 23 +Act NNP 16 +. . 2 + +The DT 2 +bonus NN 3 +depended VBD 0 +on IN 3 +her PRP$ 6 +ability NN 4 +to TO 8 +produce VB 6 +higher JJR 11 +student-test JJ 11 +scores NNS 8 +. . 3 + +`` `` 17 +There EX 3 +is VBZ 17 +incredible JJ 5 +pressure NN 3 +on IN 5 +school NN 10 +systems NNS 10 +and CC 10 +teachers NNS 6 +to TO 12 +raise VB 5 +test NN 14 +scores NNS 12 +, , 17 +'' '' 17 +says VBZ 0 +Walt NNP 19 +Haney NNP 26 +, , 26 +an DT 26 +education NN 23 +professor NN 26 +and CC 26 +testing NN 26 +specialist NN 17 +at IN 26 +Boston NNP 29 +College NNP 27 +. . 17 + +`` `` 8 +So RB 8 +efforts NNS 8 +to TO 5 +beat VB 3 +the DT 7 +tests NNS 5 +are VBP 0 +also RB 8 +on IN 8 +the DT 12 +rise NN 10 +. . 8 +'' '' 8 + +And CC 6 +most RBS 3 +disturbing JJ 6 +, , 6 +it PRP 6 +is VBZ 0 +educators NNS 10 +, , 10 +not RB 10 +students NNS 6 +, , 6 +who WP 6 +are VBP 12 +blamed VBN 13 +for IN 14 +much RB 15 +of IN 16 +the DT 19 +wrongdoing NN 17 +. . 6 + +A DT 3 +50-state JJ 3 +study NN 20 +released VBN 3 +in IN 4 +September NNP 5 +by IN 4 +Friends NNPS 18 +for IN 8 +Education NNP 9 +, , 18 +an DT 18 +Albuquerque NNP 15 +, , 15 +N.M. NNP 18 +, , 18 +school-research JJ 18 +group NN 7 +, , 18 +concluded VBD 0 +that IN 20 +`` `` 29 +outright JJ 24 +cheating NN 29 +by IN 24 +American JJ 27 +educators NNS 25 +'' '' 29 +is VBZ 21 +`` `` 29 +common JJ 29 +. . 20 +'' '' 20 + +The DT 2 +group NN 3 +says VBZ 0 +standardized JJ 7 +achievement NN 7 +test NN 7 +scores NNS 8 +are VBP 3 +greatly RB 10 +inflated VBN 8 +because IN 8 +teachers NNS 15 +often RB 15 +`` `` 15 +teach VBP 11 +the DT 17 +test NN 15 +'' '' 15 +as IN 15 +Mrs. NNP 21 +Yeargin NNP 22 +did VBD 19 +, , 15 +although IN 15 +most JJS 26 +are VBP 24 +never RB 26 +caught VBN 26 +. . 3 + +Evidence NN 5 +of IN 1 +widespread JJ 4 +cheating NN 2 +has VBZ 0 +surfaced VBN 5 +in IN 6 +several JJ 9 +states NNS 7 +in IN 6 +the DT 13 +last JJ 13 +year NN 10 +or CC 15 +so RB 13 +. . 5 + +California NNP 2 +'s POS 4 +education NN 4 +department NN 5 +suspects VBZ 0 +adult NN 7 +responsibility NN 5 +for IN 7 +erasures NNS 8 +at IN 9 +40 CD 12 +schools NNS 10 +that WDT 9 +changed VBD 13 +wrong JJ 16 +answers NNS 14 +to TO 14 +right JJ 19 +ones NNS 17 +on IN 14 +a DT 23 +statewide JJ 23 +test NN 20 +. . 5 + +After IN 12 +numerous JJ 3 +occurrences NNS 1 +of IN 3 +questionable JJ 7 +teacher NN 7 +help NN 4 +to TO 7 +students NNS 8 +, , 12 +Texas NNP 12 +is VBZ 0 +revising VBG 12 +its PRP$ 16 +security NN 16 +practices NNS 13 +. . 12 + +And CC 9 +sales NNS 9 +of IN 2 +test-coaching JJ 5 +booklets NNS 3 +for IN 5 +classroom NN 8 +instruction NN 6 +are VBP 0 +booming VBG 9 +. . 9 + +These DT 2 +materials NNS 16 +, , 2 +including VBG 2 +Macmillan\/McGraw-Hill NNP 9 +School NNP 9 +Publishing NNP 9 +Co. NNP 9 +'s POS 14 +Scoring NNP 14 +High NNP 14 +and CC 14 +Learning NNP 14 +Materials NNPS 4 +-- : 16 +are VBP 0 +nothing NN 16 +short JJ 17 +of IN 18 +sophisticated JJ 22 +crib NN 22 +sheets NNS 19 +, , 16 +according VBG 16 +to TO 24 +some DT 29 +recent JJ 29 +academic JJ 29 +research NN 25 +. . 16 + +By IN 11 +using VBG 1 +them PRP 2 +, , 11 +teachers NNS 11 +-- : 7 +with IN 11 +administrative JJ 9 +blessing NN 7 +-- : 7 +telegraph VBP 0 +to TO 11 +students NNS 12 +beforehand RB 11 +the DT 17 +precise JJ 17 +areas NNS 11 +on IN 17 +which WDT 18 +a DT 21 +test NN 22 +will MD 18 +concentrate VB 22 +, , 11 +and CC 11 +sometimes RB 27 +give VB 11 +away RP 27 +a DT 34 +few JJ 34 +exact JJ 34 +questions NNS 34 +and CC 34 +answers NNS 27 +. . 11 + +Use NN 5 +of IN 1 +Scoring NNP 4 +High NNP 2 +is VBZ 0 +widespread JJ 11 +in IN 6 +South NNP 9 +Carolina NNP 7 +and CC 11 +common JJ 5 +in IN 11 +Greenville NNP 14 +County NNP 20 +, , 20 +Mrs. NNP 18 +Yeargin NNP 18 +'s POS 20 +school NN 20 +district NN 12 +. . 5 + +Experts NNS 2 +say VBP 0 +there EX 4 +is VBZ 2 +n't RB 4 +another DT 7 +state NN 4 +in IN 7 +the DT 10 +country NN 8 +where WRB 7 +tests NNS 13 +mean VBP 11 +as RB 15 +much JJ 13 +as IN 15 +they PRP 18 +do VBP 16 +in IN 18 +South NNP 21 +Carolina NNP 19 +. . 2 + +Under IN 12 +the DT 4 +state NN 4 +'s POS 7 +Education NNP 7 +Improvement NNP 7 +Act NNP 1 +, , 12 +low JJ 11 +test NN 11 +scores NNS 12 +can MD 0 +block VB 12 +students NNS 15 +' POS 16 +promotions NNS 13 +or CC 13 +force VB 13 +entire JJ 20 +districts NNS 18 +into IN 18 +wrenching JJ 26 +, , 26 +state-supervised JJ 26 +`` `` 26 +interventions NNS 21 +'' '' 26 +that WDT 26 +can MD 28 +mean VB 29 +firings NNS 30 +. . 12 + +High JJ 3 +test NN 3 +scores NNS 10 +, , 5 +on IN 10 +the DT 8 +other JJ 8 +hand NN 5 +, , 5 +bring VB 0 +recognition NN 14 +and CC 14 +extra JJ 14 +money NN 30 +-- : 30 +a IN 19 +new JJ 19 +computer NN 19 +lab NN 30 +for IN 19 +a DT 22 +school NN 20 +, , 30 +grants NNS 30 +for IN 24 +special JJ 27 +projects NNS 25 +, , 30 +a DT 30 +bonus NN 10 +for IN 30 +the DT 33 +superintendent NN 31 +. . 10 + +And CC 4 +South NNP 3 +Carolina NNP 4 +says VBZ 0 +it PRP 6 +is VBZ 4 +getting VBG 6 +results NNS 7 +. . 4 + +Since IN 13 +the DT 3 +reforms NNS 4 +went VBD 1 +in IN 4 +place NN 5 +, , 8 +for IN 13 +example NN 8 +, , 8 +no DT 12 +state NN 13 +has VBZ 0 +posted VBN 13 +a DT 17 +higher JJR 17 +rate NN 14 +of IN 17 +improvement NN 18 +on IN 17 +the DT 24 +Scholastic NNP 24 +Aptitude NNP 24 +Test NNP 20 +than IN 17 +South NNP 27 +Carolina NNP 25 +, , 14 +although IN 14 +the DT 31 +state NN 33 +still RB 33 +posts VBZ 29 +the DT 37 +lowest JJS 37 +average JJ 37 +score NN 33 +of IN 37 +the DT 42 +about IN 42 +21 CD 40 +states NNS 38 +who WP 42 +use VBP 43 +the DT 46 +SAT NNP 44 +as IN 44 +the DT 52 +primary JJ 52 +college NN 52 +entrance NN 52 +examination NN 47 +. . 13 + +Critics NNS 2 +say VBP 0 +South NNP 4 +Carolina NNP 5 +is VBZ 2 +paying VBG 5 +a DT 8 +price NN 6 +by IN 6 +stressing VBG 9 +improved VBN 13 +test NN 13 +scores NNS 10 +so RB 10 +much RB 14 +. . 2 + +Friends NNPS 4 +of IN 1 +Education NNP 2 +rates VBZ 0 +South NNP 6 +Carolina NNP 7 +one CD 4 +of IN 7 +the DT 12 +worst JJS 12 +seven CD 12 +states NNS 8 +in IN 4 +its PRP$ 15 +study NN 13 +on IN 15 +academic JJ 18 +cheating NN 16 +. . 4 + +Says VBZ 0 +the DT 4 +organization NN 4 +'s POS 5 +founder NN 8 +, , 8 +John NNP 8 +Cannell NNP 1 +, , 8 +prosecuting VBG 13 +Mrs. NNP 12 +Yeargin NNP 10 +is VBZ 1 +`` `` 13 +a DT 16 +way NN 13 +for IN 16 +administrators NNS 20 +to TO 20 +protect VB 17 +themselves PRP 20 +and CC 20 +look VB 20 +like IN 23 +they PRP 26 +take VBP 24 +cheating NN 26 +seriously RB 26 +, , 20 +when WRB 20 +in IN 30 +fact NN 31 +they PRP 34 +do VBP 30 +n't RB 34 +take VB 34 +it PRP 36 +seriously RB 36 +at IN 36 +all DT 39 +. . 1 +'' '' 1 + +Paul NNP 2 +Sandifer NNP 4 +, , 4 +director NN 15 +of IN 4 +testing NN 5 +for IN 4 +the DT 11 +South NNP 11 +Carolina NNP 11 +department NN 7 +of IN 11 +education NN 12 +, , 4 +says VBZ 0 +Mr. NNP 18 +Cannell NNP 18 +'s POS 19 +allegations NNS 23 +of IN 19 +cheating NN 20 +`` `` 23 +are VBP 15 +purely RB 25 +without IN 23 +foundation NN 25 +, , 25 +'' '' 25 +and CC 25 +based VBN 25 +on IN 30 +unfair JJ 33 +inferences NNS 31 +. . 15 + +Partly RB 2 +because IN 12 +of IN 2 +worries NNS 2 +about IN 4 +potential JJ 7 +abuse NN 5 +, , 12 +however RB 12 +, , 12 +he PRP 12 +says VBZ 0 +the DT 14 +state NN 15 +will MD 12 +begin VB 15 +keeping VBG 16 +closer JJR 19 +track NN 17 +of IN 19 +achievement-test NN 23 +preparation NN 23 +booklets NNS 20 +next JJ 25 +spring NN 16 +. . 12 + +South NNP 3 +Carolina NNP 3 +'s POS 4 +reforms NNS 5 +were VBD 0 +designed VBN 5 +for IN 6 +schools NNS 7 +like IN 8 +Greenville NNP 12 +High NNP 12 +School NNP 9 +. . 5 + +Standing VBG 18 +on IN 1 +a DT 5 +shaded JJ 5 +hill NN 2 +in IN 1 +a DT 9 +run-down JJ 9 +area NN 6 +of IN 9 +this DT 14 +old JJ 14 +textile NN 14 +city NN 10 +, , 18 +the DT 17 +school NN 18 +has VBZ 0 +educated VBN 18 +many JJ 19 +of IN 20 +South NNP 24 +Carolina NNP 24 +'s POS 27 +best JJS 27 +and CC 27 +brightest JJS 21 +, , 20 +including VBG 20 +the DT 32 +state NN 32 +'s POS 35 +last JJ 35 +two CD 35 +governors NNS 46 +, , 46 +Nobel NNP 38 +Prize NNP 39 +winning JJ 42 +physicist NN 42 +Charles NNP 42 +Townes NNP 46 +and CC 46 +actress NN 46 +Joanne NNP 46 +Woodward NNP 29 +. . 18 + +But CC 9 +by IN 9 +the DT 5 +early JJ 5 +1980s NN 2 +, , 9 +its PRP$ 8 +glory NN 9 +had VBD 0 +faded VBN 9 +like IN 10 +the DT 14 +yellow JJ 14 +bricks NNS 11 +of IN 14 +its PRP$ 18 +broad JJ 18 +facade NN 15 +. . 9 + +`` `` 15 +It PRP 3 +was VBD 15 +full JJ 3 +of IN 4 +violence NN 10 +and CC 10 +gangs NNS 10 +and CC 10 +kids NNS 5 +cutting VBG 10 +class NN 11 +, , 15 +'' '' 15 +says VBZ 0 +Linda NNP 17 +Ward NNP 22 +, , 22 +the DT 21 +school NN 21 +'s POS 22 +principal NN 15 +. . 15 + +`` `` 13 +Crime NN 3 +was VBD 13 +awful JJ 3 +, , 13 +test NN 7 +scores NNS 8 +were VBD 13 +low JJ 8 +, , 13 +and CC 13 +there EX 13 +was VBD 0 +no DT 15 +enrollment NN 13 +in IN 15 +honors NNS 18 +programs NNS 16 +. . 13 +'' '' 13 + +Mrs. NNP 2 +Ward NNP 3 +took VBD 0 +over RP 3 +in IN 3 +1986 CD 5 +, , 3 +becoming VBG 3 +the DT 11 +school NN 11 +'s POS 13 +seventh JJ 13 +principal NN 8 +in IN 13 +15 CD 16 +years NNS 14 +. . 3 + +Her PRP$ 3 +immediate JJ 3 +predecessor NN 4 +suffered VBD 0 +a DT 7 +nervous JJ 7 +breakdown NN 4 +. . 4 + +Prior RB 8 +to TO 1 +his PRP$ 4 +term NN 2 +, , 8 +a DT 7 +teacher NN 8 +bled VBD 0 +to TO 8 +death NN 9 +in IN 8 +the DT 13 +halls NNS 11 +, , 8 +stabbed VBN 8 +by IN 15 +a DT 18 +student NN 16 +. . 8 + +Academically RB 9 +, , 5 +Mrs. NNP 4 +Ward NNP 5 +says VBZ 9 +, , 5 +the DT 8 +school NN 9 +was VBD 0 +having VBG 9 +trouble NN 10 +serving VBG 10 +in IN 12 +harmony NN 13 +its PRP$ 24 +two CD 24 +disparate JJ 21 +, , 21 +and CC 21 +evenly RB 21 +split JJ 24 +, , 21 +student NN 24 +groups NNS 35 +: : 35 +a DT 29 +privileged JJ 29 +white JJ 29 +elite NN 35 +from IN 29 +old JJ 33 +monied JJ 33 +neighborhoods NNS 30 +and CC 35 +blacks NNS 12 +, , 40 +many JJ 40 +of IN 37 +them PRP 38 +poor JJ 35 +, , 40 +from IN 35 +run-down JJ 47 +, , 47 +inner JJ 47 +city NN 47 +neighborhoods NNS 42 +. . 9 + +Mrs. NNP 2 +Ward NNP 3 +resolved VBD 22 +to TO 5 +clean VB 3 +out RP 5 +`` `` 8 +deadwood NN 5 +'' '' 8 +in IN 8 +the DT 13 +school NN 13 +'s POS 14 +faculty NN 10 +and CC 5 +restore VB 5 +safety NN 16 +, , 22 +and CC 22 +she PRP 22 +also RB 22 +had VBD 0 +some DT 25 +new JJ 25 +factors NNS 22 +working VBG 25 +in IN 26 +her PRP$ 29 +behalf NN 27 +. . 22 + +One CD 2 +was VBD 0 +statewide JJ 5 +school NN 5 +reform NN 2 +, , 5 +which WDT 5 +raised VBD 7 +overall JJ 11 +educational JJ 11 +funding NN 8 +and CC 8 +ushered VBD 8 +in RP 13 +a DT 18 +new JJ 18 +public JJ 18 +spirit NN 13 +for IN 18 +school NN 21 +betterment NN 19 +. . 2 + +Another DT 2 +was VBD 0 +Nancy NNP 4 +Yeargin NNP 2 +, , 4 +who WP 4 +came VBD 6 +to TO 7 +Greenville NNP 8 +in IN 7 +1985 CD 10 +, , 7 +full JJ 7 +of IN 13 +the DT 18 +energy NN 18 +and CC 18 +ambitions NNS 14 +that IN 18 +reformers NNS 21 +wanted VBD 19 +to TO 23 +reward VB 21 +. . 2 + +`` `` 11 +Being VBG 6 +a DT 4 +teacher NN 2 +just RB 6 +became VBD 11 +my PRP$ 8 +life NN 6 +, , 11 +'' '' 11 +says VBZ 0 +the DT 15 +37-year-old JJ 15 +Mrs. NNP 15 +Yeargin NNP 18 +, , 18 +a DT 18 +teacher NN 11 +for IN 18 +12 CD 21 +years NNS 19 +before IN 18 +her PRP$ 24 +dismissal NN 22 +. . 11 +`` `` 11 + +I PRP 2 +loved VBD 0 +the DT 4 +school NN 7 +, , 7 +its PRP$ 7 +history NN 2 +. . 2 + +I PRP 3 +even RB 3 +dreamt VBD 0 +about IN 3 +school NN 8 +and CC 8 +new JJ 8 +things NNS 4 +to TO 10 +do VB 8 +with IN 10 +my PRP$ 13 +students NNS 11 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +While IN 16 +Mrs. NNP 3 +Ward NNP 4 +fired VBD 1 +and CC 4 +restructured VBD 4 +staff NN 4 +and CC 4 +struggled VBD 4 +to TO 11 +improve VB 9 +curriculum NN 11 +, , 16 +Mrs. NNP 15 +Yeargin NNP 16 +worked VBD 0 +14-hour JJ 18 +days NNS 16 +and CC 16 +fast RB 21 +became VBD 16 +a DT 23 +student NN 21 +favorite JJ 23 +. . 16 + +In IN 7 +1986-87 CD 4 +and CC 4 +1987-88 CD 1 +, , 7 +she PRP 7 +applied VBD 0 +for IN 7 +and CC 7 +won VBD 7 +bonus NN 12 +pay NN 7 +under IN 7 +the DT 16 +reform NN 16 +law NN 13 +. . 7 + +Encouraged JJ 8 +by IN 1 +Mrs. NNP 4 +Ward NNP 2 +, , 8 +Mrs. NNP 7 +Yeargin NNP 8 +taught VBD 0 +honor NN 10 +students NNS 8 +in IN 10 +the DT 18 +state NN 18 +`` `` 18 +teacher NN 18 +cadet NN 18 +'' '' 18 +program NN 22 +, , 22 +a DT 22 +reform NN 22 +creation NN 11 +designed VBN 22 +to TO 25 +encourage VB 23 +good JJ 27 +students NNS 29 +to TO 29 +consider VB 25 +teaching NN 29 +as IN 29 +a DT 33 +career NN 31 +. . 8 + +She PRP 2 +won VBD 0 +grant NN 4 +money NN 2 +for IN 2 +the DT 7 +school NN 5 +, , 2 +advised VBD 2 +cheerleaders NNS 9 +, , 2 +ran VBD 2 +the DT 15 +pep NN 15 +club NN 12 +, , 2 +proposed VBD 2 +and CC 17 +taught VBD 17 +a DT 26 +new JJ 26 +`` `` 26 +Cultural JJ 26 +Literacy NN 26 +'' '' 26 +class NN 17 +in IN 26 +Western JJ 29 +Civilization NN 27 +and CC 2 +was VBD 2 +chosen VBN 31 +by IN 32 +the DT 36 +school NN 36 +PTA NNP 33 +as IN 32 +`` `` 37 +Teacher NN 37 +of IN 39 +the DT 42 +Year NN 40 +. . 2 +'' '' 2 + +`` `` 15 +She PRP 3 +was VBD 9 +an DT 6 +inspirational JJ 6 +lady NN 3 +; : 9 +she PRP 9 +had VBD 15 +it PRP 9 +all RB 10 +together RB 11 +, , 15 +'' '' 15 +says VBZ 0 +Laura NNP 17 +Dobson NNP 20 +, , 20 +a DT 20 +freshman NN 15 +at IN 20 +the DT 23 +University NNP 21 +of IN 23 +South NNP 26 +Carolina NNP 24 +who WP 20 +had VBD 27 +Mrs. NNP 30 +Yeargin NNP 28 +in IN 28 +the DT 34 +teacher-cadet JJ 34 +class NN 31 +last JJ 36 +year NN 28 +. . 15 + +She PRP 2 +says VBZ 0 +that IN 2 +because IN 9 +of IN 4 +Mrs. NNP 7 +Yeargin NNP 4 +she PRP 9 +gave VBD 3 +up RP 9 +ambitions NNS 9 +in IN 11 +architecture NN 12 +and CC 9 +is VBZ 9 +studying VBG 15 +to TO 18 +become VB 16 +a DT 20 +teacher NN 18 +. . 2 + +Mary NNP 3 +Beth NNP 3 +Marchand NNP 8 +, , 8 +a DT 8 +Greenville NNP 8 +11th JJ 8 +grader NN 11 +, , 8 +also RB 11 +says VBZ 0 +Mrs. NNP 13 +Yeargin NNP 14 +inspired VBD 11 +her PRP 17 +to TO 17 +go VB 14 +into IN 17 +education NN 18 +. . 11 + +`` `` 19 +She PRP 3 +taught VBD 19 +us PRP 3 +more JJR 3 +in IN 5 +Western JJ 8 +Civilization NN 6 +than IN 5 +I PRP 11 +'ve VBP 9 +ever RB 11 +learned VBN 11 +in IN 13 +other JJ 16 +classes NNS 14 +, , 19 +'' '' 19 +says VBZ 0 +Kelli NNP 21 +Green NNP 25 +, , 25 +a DT 25 +Greenville NNP 25 +senior NN 19 +. . 19 + +In IN 10 +the DT 3 +classroom NN 1 +, , 6 +students NNS 6 +say VBP 10 +, , 6 +Mrs. NNP 9 +Yeargin NNP 10 +distinguished VBD 0 +herself PRP 10 +by IN 10 +varying VBG 12 +teaching NN 15 +approaches NNS 13 +-- : 13 +forcing JJ 13 +kids NNS 20 +to TO 20 +pair VB 17 +up RP 20 +to TO 23 +complete VB 20 +classroom NN 25 +work NN 23 +or CC 17 +using VBG 17 +college-bowl NN 29 +type NN 30 +competitions NNS 27 +. . 10 + +On IN 5 +weekends NNS 1 +, , 5 +she PRP 5 +came VBD 0 +to TO 5 +work VB 6 +to TO 9 +prepare VB 17 +study NN 11 +plans NNS 9 +or CC 17 +sometimes RB 17 +, , 17 +even RB 17 +to TO 17 +polish VB 5 +the DT 19 +furniture NN 17 +in IN 19 +her PRP$ 22 +classroom NN 20 +. . 5 + +`` `` 10 +She PRP 5 +just RB 5 +never RB 5 +gave VBD 10 +it PRP 5 +up RP 5 +, , 10 +'' '' 10 +says VBZ 0 +Mary NNP 12 +Marchand NNP 17 +, , 17 +Mary NNP 16 +Beth NNP 16 +'s POS 17 +mother NN 10 +. . 10 + +`` `` 3 +You PRP 3 +'d MD 0 +see VB 3 +her PRP 6 +correcting VBG 4 +homework NN 6 +in IN 6 +the DT 10 +stands NNS 8 +at IN 6 +a DT 14 +football NN 14 +game NN 11 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +Some DT 3 +fellow JJ 3 +teachers NNS 7 +, , 7 +however RB 7 +, , 7 +viewed VBD 0 +Mrs. NNP 9 +Yeargin NNP 7 +as IN 7 +cocky JJ 14 +and CC 14 +too RB 14 +yielding JJ 10 +to TO 14 +students NNS 15 +. . 7 + +Mrs. NNP 2 +Ward NNP 3 +says VBZ 0 +she PRP 6 +often RB 6 +defended VBD 3 +her PRP 6 +to TO 6 +colleagues NNS 8 +who WP 9 +called VBD 10 +her PRP 14 +a DT 14 +grandstander NN 11 +. . 3 + +Pressures NNS 2 +began VBD 0 +to TO 4 +build VB 2 +. . 2 + +Friends NNS 2 +told VBD 0 +her PRP 2 +she PRP 5 +was VBD 2 +pushing VBG 5 +too RB 6 +hard RB 7 +. . 2 + +Because IN 7 +of IN 1 +deteriorating VBG 4 +hearing NN 1 +, , 7 +she PRP 7 +told VBD 0 +colleagues NNS 7 +she PRP 10 +feared VBD 7 +she PRP 12 +might MD 10 +not RB 12 +be VB 12 +able JJ 14 +to TO 17 +teach VB 15 +much RB 17 +longer RBR 18 +. . 7 + +Mrs. NNP 3 +Yeargin NNP 3 +'s POS 5 +extra JJ 5 +work NN 6 +was VBD 0 +also RB 6 +helping VBG 6 +her PRP 10 +earn VB 8 +points NNS 10 +in IN 10 +the DT 15 +state NN 15 +'s POS 17 +incentive-bonus NN 17 +program NN 12 +. . 6 + +But CC 8 +the DT 5 +most RBS 5 +important JJ 5 +source NN 8 +of IN 5 +points NNS 6 +was VBD 0 +student NN 10 +improvement NN 8 +on IN 10 +tests NNS 11 +. . 8 + +Huge JJ 2 +gains NNS 10 +by IN 2 +her PRP$ 5 +students NNS 3 +in IN 2 +1987 CD 9 +and CC 9 +1988 CD 6 +meant VBD 0 +a DT 12 +total NN 10 +of IN 12 +$ $ 15 +5,000 CD 13 +in IN 12 +bonuses NNS 16 +over IN 12 +two CD 20 +years NNS 18 +-- : 24 +a JJ 24 +meaningful JJ 24 +addition NN 12 +to TO 24 +her PRP$ 28 +annual JJ 28 +salary NN 25 +of IN 28 +$ $ 31 +23,000 CD 29 +. . 10 + +Winning VBG 8 +a DT 3 +bonus NN 1 +for IN 1 +a DT 7 +third JJ 7 +year NN 4 +was VBD 17 +n't RB 8 +that RB 11 +important JJ 8 +to TO 11 +her PRP 12 +, , 17 +Mrs. NNP 16 +Yeargin NNP 17 +insists VBZ 0 +. . 17 + +But CC 6 +others NNS 6 +at IN 2 +Greenville NNP 5 +High NNP 3 +say VB 0 +she PRP 8 +was VBD 6 +eager JJ 8 +to TO 11 +win VB 9 +-- : 13 +if JJ 8 +not RB 13 +for IN 13 +money NN 15 +, , 13 +then RB 13 +for IN 13 +pride NN 22 +and CC 22 +recognition NN 19 +. . 6 + +Mary NNP 3 +Elizabeth NNP 3 +Ariail NNP 7 +, , 7 +another DT 7 +social-studies NN 7 +teacher NN 9 +, , 7 +says VBZ 0 +she PRP 11 +believed VBD 9 +Mrs. NNP 13 +Yeargin NNP 14 +wanted VBD 11 +to TO 16 +keep VB 14 +her PRP 18 +standing NN 19 +high RB 16 +so IN 16 +she PRP 22 +could MD 20 +get VB 22 +a DT 26 +new JJ 26 +job NN 23 +that WDT 26 +would MD 27 +n't RB 28 +demand VB 28 +good JJ 32 +hearing NN 30 +. . 9 + +Indeed RB 5 +, , 5 +Mrs. NNP 4 +Yeargin NNP 5 +was VBD 0 +interested JJ 5 +in IN 6 +a DT 10 +possible JJ 10 +job NN 7 +with IN 10 +the DT 16 +state NN 16 +teacher NN 16 +cadet NN 16 +program NN 11 +. . 5 + +Last JJ 2 +March NNP 14 +, , 14 +after IN 14 +attending VBG 4 +a DT 8 +teaching NN 8 +seminar NN 5 +in IN 5 +Washington NNP 9 +, , 14 +Mrs. NNP 13 +Yeargin NNP 14 +says VBZ 0 +she PRP 16 +returned VBD 14 +to TO 16 +Greenville NNP 17 +two CD 20 +days NNS 21 +before IN 16 +annual JJ 23 +testing NN 21 +feeling VBG 16 +that IN 24 +she PRP 27 +had VBD 25 +n't RB 27 +prepared VBN 27 +her PRP$ 33 +low-ability JJ 33 +geography NN 33 +students NNS 29 +adequately RB 29 +. . 14 + +When WRB 14 +test NN 3 +booklets NNS 4 +were VBD 1 +passed VBN 4 +out RB 5 +48 CD 8 +hours NNS 9 +ahead RB 5 +of IN 9 +time NN 10 +, , 14 +she PRP 14 +says VBZ 0 +she PRP 16 +copied VBD 14 +questions NNS 16 +in IN 17 +the DT 22 +social JJ 22 +studies NNS 22 +section NN 18 +and CC 16 +gave VBD 16 +the DT 26 +answers NNS 24 +to TO 24 +students NNS 27 +. . 14 + +Mrs. NNP 2 +Yeargin NNP 3 +admits VBZ 0 +she PRP 5 +made VBD 3 +a DT 8 +big JJ 8 +mistake NN 5 +but CC 3 +insists VBZ 3 +her PRP$ 12 +motives NNS 13 +were VBD 10 +correct JJ 13 +. . 3 + +`` `` 16 +I PRP 3 +was VBD 16 +trying VBG 3 +to TO 6 +help VB 4 +kids NNS 6 +in IN 7 +an DT 12 +unfair JJ 12 +testing NN 12 +situation NN 8 +, , 16 +'' '' 16 +she PRP 16 +says VBZ 0 +. . 16 + +`` `` 8 +Only RB 4 +five CD 4 +of IN 7 +the DT 4 +40 CD 4 +questions NNS 8 +were VBD 0 +geography NN 10 +questions NNS 8 +. . 8 + +The DT 2 +rest NN 3 +were VBD 0 +history NN 8 +, , 8 +sociology NN 8 +, , 8 +finance NN 3 +-- : 10 +subjects NNS 8 +they PRP 13 +never RB 13 +had VBD 10 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +Mrs. NNP 2 +Yeargin NNP 3 +says VBZ 0 +that IN 3 +she PRP 7 +also RB 7 +wanted VBD 4 +to TO 9 +help VB 7 +lift VB 9 +Greenville NNP 14 +High NNP 14 +School NNP 14 +'s POS 17 +overall JJ 17 +test NN 17 +scores NNS 10 +, , 17 +usually RB 20 +near IN 17 +the DT 22 +bottom NN 20 +of IN 22 +14 CD 27 +district NN 27 +high JJ 27 +schools NNS 23 +in IN 22 +rankings NNS 28 +carried VBN 29 +annually RB 30 +by IN 30 +local JJ 34 +newspapers NNS 32 +. . 3 + +Mostly RB 7 +, , 4 +she PRP 4 +says VBZ 7 +, , 4 +she PRP 7 +wanted VBD 0 +to TO 9 +prevent VB 7 +the DT 11 +damage NN 9 +to TO 11 +self-esteem NN 12 +that IN 11 +her PRP$ 17 +low-ability JJ 17 +students NNS 18 +would MD 14 +suffer VB 18 +from IN 19 +doing VBG 20 +badly RB 21 +on IN 21 +the DT 25 +test NN 23 +. . 7 + +`` `` 10 +These DT 3 +kids NNS 4 +broke VBD 10 +my PRP$ 6 +heart NN 4 +, , 10 +'' '' 10 +she PRP 10 +says VBZ 0 +. . 10 + +`` `` 11 +A DT 4 +whole JJ 4 +day NN 5 +goes VBZ 11 +by RB 5 +and CC 11 +no DT 9 +one NN 11 +even RB 11 +knows VBZ 0 +they PRP 13 +'re VBP 11 +alive JJ 13 +. . 11 + +They PRP 3 +desperately RB 3 +needed VBD 0 +somebody NN 3 +who WP 12 +showed VBD 5 +they PRP 8 +cared VBD 6 +for IN 8 +them PRP 9 +, , 12 +who WP 4 +loved VBD 12 +them PRP 13 +. . 3 + +The DT 3 +last JJ 3 +thing NN 6 +they PRP 5 +needed VBD 3 +was VBD 0 +another DT 9 +drag-down JJ 9 +blow NN 6 +. . 6 +'' '' 6 + +School NNP 2 +officials NNS 4 +and CC 4 +prosecutors NNS 5 +say VB 0 +Mrs. NNP 7 +Yeargin NNP 8 +is VBZ 5 +lying VBG 8 +. . 5 + +They PRP 2 +found VBD 0 +students NNS 2 +in IN 3 +an DT 7 +advanced JJ 7 +class NN 4 +a DT 9 +year NN 10 +earlier RB 3 +who WP 3 +said VBD 11 +she PRP 14 +gave VBD 12 +them PRP 14 +similar JJ 17 +help NN 14 +, , 2 +although IN 2 +because IN 31 +the DT 22 +case NN 23 +was VBD 20 +n't RB 23 +tried VBN 23 +in IN 25 +court NN 26 +, , 31 +this DT 30 +evidence NN 31 +was VBD 19 +never RB 31 +presented VBN 31 +publicly RB 33 +. . 2 + +`` `` 20 +That DT 5 +pretty RB 5 +much RB 3 +defeats VBZ 20 +any DT 7 +inkling NN 5 +that IN 7 +she PRP 10 +was VBD 8 +out RP 10 +to TO 13 +help VB 11 +the DT 17 +poor JJ 17 +underprivileged JJ 17 +child NN 13 +, , 20 +'' '' 20 +says VBZ 0 +Joe NNP 22 +Watson NNP 25 +, , 25 +the DT 25 +prosecutor NN 20 +in IN 25 +the DT 28 +case NN 26 +, , 25 +who WP 25 +is VBZ 30 +also RB 31 +president NN 31 +of IN 33 +Greenville NNP 38 +High NNP 38 +School NNP 38 +'s POS 40 +alumni NNS 40 +association NN 34 +. . 20 + +Mrs. NNP 2 +Yeargin NNP 3 +concedes VBZ 0 +that IN 3 +she PRP 6 +went VBD 4 +over RB 6 +the DT 9 +questions NNS 7 +in IN 6 +the DT 13 +earlier JJR 13 +class NN 10 +, , 3 +adding VBG 3 +: : 15 +`` `` 15 +I PRP 19 +wanted VBD 15 +to TO 21 +help VB 19 +all DT 24 +'' '' 24 +students NNS 21 +. . 3 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Watson NNP 3 +says VBZ 0 +Mrs. NNP 5 +Yeargin NNP 7 +never RB 7 +complained VBD 3 +to TO 7 +school NN 10 +officials NNS 8 +that IN 7 +the DT 14 +standardized JJ 14 +test NN 15 +was VBD 11 +unfair JJ 15 +. . 3 + +`` `` 13 +Do VBP 13 +I PRP 2 +have VB 2 +much JJ 6 +sympathy NN 4 +for IN 6 +her PRP 7 +? . 2 +'' '' 13 +Mr. NNP 12 +Watson NNP 13 +asks VBZ 0 +. . 13 + +`` `` 2 +Not RB 0 +really RB 2 +. . 2 + +I PRP 2 +believe VBP 0 +in IN 2 +the DT 5 +system NN 3 +. . 2 + +I PRP 2 +believe VBP 0 +you PRP 4 +have VBP 2 +to TO 6 +use VB 4 +the DT 8 +system NN 6 +to TO 10 +change VB 6 +it PRP 10 +. . 2 + +What WP 4 +she PRP 3 +did VBD 1 +was VBD 0 +like IN 4 +taking VBG 5 +the DT 8 +law NN 6 +into IN 6 +your PRP$ 12 +own JJ 12 +hands NNS 9 +. . 4 +'' '' 4 + +Mrs. NNP 2 +Ward NNP 3 +says VBZ 0 +that IN 3 +when WRB 12 +the DT 7 +cheating NN 8 +was VBD 5 +discovered VBN 8 +, , 12 +she PRP 12 +wanted VBD 4 +to TO 14 +avoid VB 12 +the DT 18 +morale-damaging JJ 18 +public JJ 18 +disclosure NN 14 +that IN 18 +a DT 21 +trial NN 22 +would MD 19 +bring VB 22 +. . 3 + +She PRP 2 +says VBZ 0 +she PRP 4 +offered VBD 2 +Mrs. NNP 6 +Yeargin NNP 4 +a DT 9 +quiet JJ 9 +resignation NN 4 +and CC 4 +thought VBD 4 +she PRP 13 +could MD 11 +help VB 13 +save VB 14 +her PRP 18 +teaching NN 18 +certificate NN 15 +. . 2 + +Mrs. NNP 2 +Yeargin NNP 3 +declined VBD 0 +. . 3 + +`` `` 3 +She PRP 3 +said VBD 0 +something NN 3 +like IN 4 +` `` 5 +You PRP 9 +just RB 9 +want VBP 5 +to TO 11 +make VB 9 +it PRP 13 +easy JJ 11 +for IN 13 +the DT 16 +school NN 14 +. . 3 +' '' 3 + +I PRP 2 +was VBD 8 +dumbfounded JJ 2 +, , 8 +'' '' 8 +Mrs. NNP 7 +Ward NNP 8 +recalls VBZ 0 +. . 8 + +`` `` 3 +It PRP 3 +was VBD 0 +like IN 3 +someone NN 6 +had VBD 4 +turned VBN 6 +a DT 9 +knife NN 7 +in IN 7 +me PRP 10 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +To TO 28 +the DT 5 +astonishment NN 5 +and CC 5 +dismay NN 1 +of IN 5 +her PRP$ 8 +superiors NNS 11 +and CC 11 +legal JJ 11 +authorities NNS 6 +-- : 1 +and JJ 1 +perhaps RB 1 +as IN 1 +a DT 17 +measure NN 15 +of IN 17 +the DT 20 +unpopularity NN 18 +of IN 20 +standardized JJ 23 +tests NNS 21 +-- : 1 +Mrs NNP 27 +. . 27 +Yeargin NNP 28 +won VBD 0 +widespread JJ 31 +local JJ 31 +support NN 28 +. . 28 + +The DT 3 +school-board NN 3 +hearing NN 9 +at IN 3 +which WDT 4 +she PRP 7 +was VBD 4 +dismissed VBN 7 +was VBD 0 +crowded VBN 9 +with IN 10 +students NNS 16 +, , 16 +teachers NNS 16 +and CC 16 +parents NNS 11 +who WP 16 +came VBD 17 +to TO 20 +testify VB 18 +on IN 20 +her PRP$ 23 +behalf NN 21 +. . 9 + +Supportive JJ 2 +callers NNS 3 +decried VBD 0 +unfair JJ 5 +testing NN 7 +, , 7 +not RB 3 +Mrs. NNP 9 +Yeargin NNP 7 +, , 7 +on IN 3 +a DT 16 +local JJ 16 +radio NN 16 +talk NN 16 +show NN 11 +on IN 16 +which WDT 17 +she PRP 20 +appeared VBD 17 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +show NN 3 +did VBD 0 +n't RB 3 +give VB 3 +the DT 7 +particulars NNS 5 +of IN 7 +Mrs. NNP 11 +Yeargin NNP 11 +'s POS 12 +offense NN 8 +, , 5 +saying VBG 5 +only RB 14 +that IN 14 +she PRP 18 +helped VBD 16 +students NNS 20 +do VB 18 +better RBR 20 +on IN 20 +the DT 24 +test NN 22 +. . 3 + +`` `` 38 +The DT 3 +message NN 13 +to TO 3 +the DT 6 +board NN 4 +of IN 6 +education NN 7 +out IN 3 +of IN 9 +all PDT 12 +this DT 10 +is VBZ 38 +we PRP 15 +'ve VBP 13 +got VBN 15 +to TO 18 +take VB 16 +a DT 21 +serious JJ 21 +look NN 18 +at IN 21 +how WRB 22 +we PRP 25 +'re VBP 23 +doing VBG 25 +our PRP$ 28 +curriculum NN 32 +and CC 32 +our PRP$ 32 +testing NN 32 +policies NNS 26 +in IN 26 +this DT 35 +state NN 33 +, , 38 +'' '' 38 +said VBD 0 +the DT 41 +talk-show NN 41 +host NN 38 +. . 38 + +Editorials NNS 6 +in IN 1 +the DT 5 +Greenville NNP 5 +newspaper NN 2 +allowed VBD 0 +that IN 6 +Mrs. NNP 9 +Yeargin NNP 10 +was VBD 7 +wrong JJ 10 +, , 6 +but CC 6 +also RB 15 +said VBD 6 +the DT 17 +case NN 18 +showed VBD 15 +how WRB 18 +testing NN 21 +was VBD 19 +being VBG 21 +overused VBN 22 +. . 6 + +The DT 3 +radio NN 3 +show NN 5 +`` `` 5 +enraged VBD 9 +us PRP 5 +, , 9 +'' '' 9 +says VBZ 0 +Mrs. NNP 11 +Ward NNP 9 +. . 9 + +Partly RB 2 +because IN 13 +of IN 2 +the DT 5 +show NN 2 +, , 9 +Mr. NNP 8 +Watson NNP 9 +says VBZ 13 +, , 9 +the DT 12 +district NN 13 +decided VBD 0 +not RB 13 +to TO 16 +recommend VB 13 +Mrs. NNP 18 +Yeargin NNP 16 +for IN 16 +a DT 23 +first-time JJ 23 +offenders NNS 23 +program NN 19 +that WDT 23 +could MD 24 +have VB 25 +expunged VBN 26 +the DT 29 +charges NNS 32 +and CC 32 +the DT 32 +conviction NN 27 +from IN 27 +her PRP$ 35 +record NN 33 +. . 13 + +And CC 4 +legal JJ 3 +authorities NNS 4 +cranked VBD 0 +up RP 4 +an DT 7 +investigation NN 4 +worthy JJ 7 +of IN 8 +a DT 12 +murder NN 12 +case NN 9 +. . 4 + +Over IN 3 +50 CD 1 +witnesses NNS 6 +, , 6 +mostly RB 6 +students NNS 8 +, , 6 +were VBD 0 +interviewed VBN 8 +. . 8 + +At IN 17 +Greenville NNP 4 +High NNP 4 +School NNP 1 +, , 17 +meanwhile RB 17 +, , 17 +some DT 9 +students NNS 17 +-- : 9 +especially RB 12 +on IN 9 +the DT 15 +cheerleading NN 15 +squad NN 12 +-- : 9 +were VBD 0 +crushed JJ 17 +. . 17 + +`` `` 19 +It PRP 3 +'s VBZ 19 +hard JJ 3 +to TO 6 +explain VB 3 +to TO 6 +a DT 9 +17-year-old JJ 7 +why WRB 6 +someone NN 14 +they PRP 13 +like VBP 11 +had VBD 10 +to TO 16 +go VB 14 +, , 19 +'' '' 19 +says VBZ 0 +Mrs. NNP 21 +Ward NNP 19 +. . 19 + +Soon RB 4 +, , 4 +T-shirts NNS 4 +appeared VBD 0 +in IN 4 +the DT 7 +corridors NNS 5 +that WDT 4 +carried VBD 8 +the DT 12 +school NN 12 +'s POS 16 +familiar JJ 16 +red-and-white JJ 16 +GHS NNP 16 +logo NN 9 +on IN 9 +the DT 19 +front NN 17 +. . 4 + +On IN 7 +the DT 3 +back NN 1 +, , 7 +the DT 6 +shirts NNS 7 +read VBD 0 +, , 7 +`` `` 7 +We PRP 11 +have VBP 7 +all PDT 14 +the DT 14 +answers NNS 11 +. . 7 +'' '' 7 + +Many JJ 2 +colleagues NNS 3 +are VBP 0 +angry JJ 3 +at IN 4 +Mrs. NNP 7 +Yeargin NNP 5 +. . 3 + +`` `` 10 +She PRP 3 +did VBD 10 +a DT 5 +lot NN 3 +of IN 5 +harm NN 6 +, , 10 +'' '' 10 +says VBZ 0 +Cathryn NNP 12 +Rice NNP 10 +, , 12 +who WP 12 +had VBD 14 +discovered VBN 15 +the DT 19 +crib NN 19 +notes NNS 16 +. . 10 + +`` `` 19 +We PRP 3 +work VBP 19 +damn RB 3 +hard RB 4 +at IN 3 +what WP 6 +we PRP 9 +do VBP 7 +for IN 3 +damn RB 12 +little JJ 13 +pay NN 10 +, , 19 +and CC 19 +what WP 19 +she PRP 18 +did VBD 16 +cast VBN 0 +unfair JJ 21 +aspersions NNS 19 +on IN 19 +all DT 22 +of IN 23 +us PRP 24 +. . 19 +'' '' 19 + +But CC 5 +several JJ 3 +teachers NNS 5 +also RB 5 +say VBP 0 +the DT 7 +incident NN 8 +casts VBZ 5 +doubt NN 8 +on IN 8 +the DT 12 +wisdom NN 10 +of IN 12 +evaluating VBG 13 +teachers NNS 17 +or CC 17 +schools NNS 14 +by IN 14 +using VBG 18 +standardized JJ 22 +test NN 22 +scores NNS 19 +. . 5 + +Says VBZ 0 +Gayle NNP 3 +Key NNP 7 +, , 7 +a DT 7 +mathematics NN 7 +teacher NN 1 +, , 7 +`` `` 1 +The DT 13 +incentive NN 13 +pay NN 13 +thing NN 14 +has VBZ 1 +opened VBN 14 +up RP 15 +a DT 18 +can NN 15 +of IN 18 +worms NNS 19 +. . 1 + +There EX 2 +may MD 0 +be VB 2 +others NNS 3 +doing VBG 4 +what WP 5 +she PRP 8 +did VBD 6 +. . 2 +'' '' 2 + +Mrs. NNP 2 +Yeargin NNP 3 +says VBZ 0 +she PRP 5 +pleaded VBD 3 +guilty JJ 5 +because IN 21 +she PRP 9 +realized VBD 7 +it PRP 11 +would MD 9 +no RB 11 +longer RBR 12 +be VB 11 +possible JJ 14 +to TO 17 +win VB 14 +reinstatement NN 17 +, , 21 +and CC 21 +because IN 5 +she PRP 23 +was VBD 21 +afraid JJ 23 +of IN 24 +further JJ 27 +charges NNS 25 +. . 3 + +Mrs. NNP 2 +Ward NNP 7 +, , 4 +for IN 7 +one CD 4 +, , 4 +was VBD 0 +relieved JJ 7 +. . 7 + +Despite IN 11 +the DT 4 +strong JJ 4 +evidence NN 1 +against IN 4 +Mrs. NNP 7 +Yeargin NNP 5 +, , 11 +popular JJ 10 +sentiment NN 11 +was VBD 0 +so RB 13 +strong JJ 11 +in IN 11 +her PRP$ 16 +favor NN 14 +, , 20 +Mrs. NNP 19 +Ward NNP 20 +says VBZ 11 +, , 20 +that IN 11 +`` `` 22 +I PRP 25 +'m VBP 22 +afraid JJ 25 +a DT 28 +jury NN 29 +would MD 26 +n't RB 29 +have VB 29 +convicted VBN 31 +her PRP 32 +. . 11 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0047.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0047.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..952705bcb2dd04f542dc4b13943ada561b32df6f --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0047.dp @@ -0,0 +1,694 @@ +The DT 2 +Department NNP 8 +of IN 2 +Health NNP 7 +and CC 7 +Human NNP 7 +Services NNPS 3 +plans VBZ 0 +to TO 10 +extend VB 8 +its PRP$ 12 +moratorium NN 10 +on IN 12 +federal JJ 15 +funding NN 13 +of IN 15 +research NN 16 +involving VBG 17 +fetal-tissue JJ 20 +transplants NNS 18 +. . 8 + +Medical JJ 2 +researchers NNS 3 +believe VBP 0 +the DT 5 +transplantation NN 14 +of IN 5 +small JJ 8 +amounts NNS 6 +of IN 8 +fetal JJ 11 +tissue NN 9 +into IN 5 +humans NNS 12 +could MD 3 +help VB 14 +treat VB 15 +juvenile JJ 18 +diabetes NN 22 +and CC 22 +such JJ 22 +degenerative JJ 22 +diseases NNS 16 +as IN 22 +Alzheimer NNP 25 +'s POS 31 +, , 31 +Parkinson NNP 28 +'s POS 31 +and CC 31 +Huntington NNP 31 +'s POS 23 +. . 3 + +But CC 3 +anti-abortionists NNS 3 +oppose VBP 0 +such JJ 5 +research NN 3 +because IN 3 +they PRP 8 +worry VBP 6 +that IN 8 +the DT 11 +development NN 17 +of IN 11 +therapies NNS 12 +using VBG 13 +fetal-tissue JJ 16 +transplants NNS 14 +could MD 9 +lead VB 17 +to TO 18 +an DT 21 +increase NN 19 +in IN 21 +abortions NNS 22 +. . 3 + +James NNP 2 +Mason NNP 5 +, , 5 +assistant NN 5 +secretary NN 9 +for IN 5 +health NN 6 +, , 5 +said VBD 0 +the DT 11 +ban NN 20 +on IN 11 +federal JJ 14 +funding NN 12 +of IN 14 +fetal-tissue JJ 18 +transplant NN 18 +research NN 15 +`` `` 20 +should MD 9 +be VB 20 +continued VBN 21 +indefinitely RB 22 +. . 9 +'' '' 9 + +He PRP 2 +said VBD 0 +the DT 4 +ban NN 5 +wo MD 2 +n't RB 5 +stop VB 5 +privately RB 9 +funded VBN 11 +tissue-transplant JJ 11 +research NN 16 +or CC 16 +federally RB 14 +funded VBN 16 +fetal-tissue JJ 16 +research NN 7 +that WDT 16 +does VBZ 17 +n't RB 18 +involve VB 18 +transplants NNS 20 +. . 2 + +Department NN 2 +officials NNS 3 +say VBP 0 +that IN 3 +HHS NNP 8 +Secretary NNP 8 +Louis NNP 8 +Sullivan NNP 9 +will MD 4 +support VB 9 +Dr. NNP 13 +Mason NNP 13 +'s POS 14 +ruling NN 10 +, , 14 +which WDT 14 +will MD 16 +be VB 17 +issued VBN 18 +soon RB 19 +in IN 19 +the DT 23 +form NN 21 +of IN 23 +a DT 26 +letter NN 24 +to TO 26 +the DT 30 +acting JJ 30 +director NN 27 +of IN 30 +the DT 34 +National NNP 34 +Institutes NNPS 31 +of IN 34 +Health NNP 35 +. . 3 + +Both DT 6 +Dr. NNP 3 +Mason NNP 6 +and CC 6 +Dr. NNP 6 +Sullivan NNP 7 +oppose VBP 0 +federal JJ 9 +funding NN 7 +for IN 9 +abortion NN 10 +, , 7 +as IN 7 +does VBZ 13 +President NNP 16 +Bush NNP 14 +, , 7 +except IN 7 +in IN 18 +cases NNS 19 +where WRB 20 +a DT 24 +woman NN 24 +'s POS 25 +life NN 26 +is VBZ 21 +threatened VBN 26 +. . 7 + +The DT 2 +controversy NN 3 +began VBD 0 +in IN 3 +1987 CD 4 +when WRB 3 +the DT 9 +National NNP 9 +Institutes NNPS 22 +of IN 9 +Health NNP 10 +, , 9 +aware JJ 9 +of IN 13 +the DT 17 +policy NN 17 +implications NNS 14 +of IN 17 +its PRP$ 20 +research NN 18 +, , 9 +asked VBD 6 +for IN 22 +an DT 26 +HHS NNP 26 +review NN 23 +of IN 26 +its PRP$ 29 +plan NN 27 +to TO 31 +implant VB 29 +fetal JJ 33 +tissue NN 31 +into IN 31 +the DT 36 +brain NN 34 +of IN 36 +a DT 39 +patient NN 37 +suffering NN 39 +from IN 40 +Parkinson NNPS 43 +'s POS 44 +disease NN 41 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +department NN 3 +placed VBD 0 +a DT 5 +moratorium NN 3 +on IN 3 +the DT 8 +research NN 6 +, , 3 +pending VBG 3 +a DT 12 +review NN 10 +of IN 12 +scientific JJ 18 +, , 18 +legal JJ 18 +and CC 18 +ethical JJ 19 +issues NNS 13 +. . 3 + +A DT 2 +majority NN 7 +of IN 2 +an DT 6 +NIH-appointed JJ 6 +panel NN 3 +recommended VBD 23 +late RB 10 +last JJ 10 +year NN 7 +that IN 7 +the DT 13 +research NN 14 +continue VB 11 +under IN 14 +carefully RB 18 +controlled JJ 18 +conditions NNS 15 +, , 23 +but CC 23 +the DT 22 +issue NN 23 +became VBD 0 +embroiled VBN 23 +in IN 24 +politics NNS 25 +as IN 24 +anti-abortion JJ 29 +groups NNS 30 +continued VBD 27 +to TO 32 +oppose VB 30 +federal JJ 34 +funding NN 32 +. . 23 + +The DT 2 +dispute NN 3 +has VBZ 0 +hampered VBN 3 +the DT 7 +administration NN 7 +'s POS 8 +efforts NNS 4 +to TO 10 +recruit VB 8 +prominent JJ 12 +doctors NNS 10 +to TO 14 +fill VB 12 +prestigious JJ 16 +posts NNS 14 +at IN 16 +the DT 19 +helm NN 17 +of IN 19 +the DT 22 +NIH NNP 25 +and CC 25 +the DT 25 +Centers NNPS 20 +for IN 25 +Disease NNP 28 +Control NNP 26 +. . 3 + +Several JJ 2 +candidates NNS 3 +have VBP 0 +withdrawn VBN 3 +their PRP$ 6 +names NNS 4 +from IN 4 +consideration NN 7 +after IN 4 +administration NN 11 +officials NNS 12 +asked VBD 9 +them PRP 12 +for IN 12 +their PRP$ 16 +views NNS 14 +on IN 16 +abortion NN 21 +and CC 21 +fetal-tissue JJ 21 +transplants NNS 17 +. . 3 + +Antonio NNP 2 +Novello NNP 15 +, , 2 +whom WP 2 +Mr. NNP 6 +Bush NNP 7 +nominated VBD 4 +to TO 9 +serve VB 7 +as IN 9 +surgeon NN 12 +general NN 10 +, , 2 +reportedly RB 15 +has VBZ 0 +assured VBN 15 +the DT 18 +administration NN 16 +that IN 16 +she PRP 21 +opposes VBZ 19 +abortion NN 21 +. . 15 + +Dr. NNP 2 +Novello NNP 3 +is VBZ 0 +deputy NN 5 +director NN 3 +of IN 5 +the DT 9 +National NNP 9 +Institute NNP 6 +of IN 9 +Child NNP 12 +Health NNP 15 +and CC 15 +Human NNP 15 +Development NNP 10 +. . 3 + +Some DT 2 +researchers NNS 3 +have VBP 0 +charged VBN 3 +that IN 4 +the DT 7 +administration NN 8 +is VBZ 5 +imposing VBG 8 +new JJ 12 +ideological JJ 12 +tests NNS 9 +for IN 12 +top JJ 16 +scientific JJ 16 +posts NNS 13 +. . 3 + +Earlier JJR 3 +this DT 3 +week NN 7 +, , 7 +Dr. NNP 6 +Sullivan NNP 7 +tried VBD 0 +to TO 9 +defuse VB 7 +these DT 11 +charges NNS 9 +by IN 9 +stressing VBG 12 +that IN 13 +candidates NNS 23 +to TO 17 +head VB 15 +the DT 19 +NIH NNP 22 +and CC 22 +the DT 22 +CDC NNP 17 +will MD 14 +be VB 23 +judged VBN 24 +by IN 25 +`` `` 36 +standards NNS 36 +of IN 28 +scientific JJ 32 +and CC 32 +administrative JJ 33 +excellence NN 29 +, , 36 +'' '' 36 +not RB 26 +politics NNS 36 +. . 7 + +But CC 11 +the DT 4 +administration NN 4 +'s POS 5 +handling NN 11 +of IN 5 +the DT 10 +fetal-tissue JJ 10 +transplant NN 10 +issue NN 6 +disturbs VBZ 0 +many JJ 13 +scientists NNS 11 +. . 11 + +`` `` 26 +When WRB 11 +scientific JJ 4 +progress NN 5 +moves VBZ 2 +into IN 5 +uncharted JJ 8 +ground NN 6 +, , 11 +there EX 11 +has VBZ 26 +to TO 13 +be VB 11 +a DT 15 +role NN 13 +for IN 15 +society NN 16 +to TO 19 +make VB 15 +judgments NNS 19 +about IN 20 +its PRP$ 23 +applications NNS 21 +, , 26 +'' '' 26 +says VBZ 0 +Myron NNP 28 +Genel NNP 31 +, , 31 +associate NN 31 +dean NN 26 +of IN 31 +the DT 36 +Yale NNP 36 +Medical NNP 36 +School NNP 32 +. . 26 + +`` `` 9 +The DT 4 +disturbing JJ 4 +thing NN 9 +about IN 4 +this DT 8 +abortion NN 8 +issue NN 5 +is VBZ 0 +that IN 9 +the DT 12 +debate NN 13 +has VBZ 10 +become VBN 13 +polarized VBN 14 +, , 15 +so IN 18 +that IN 15 +no DT 20 +mechanism NN 21 +exists VBZ 18 +'' '' 21 +for IN 21 +finding VBG 23 +a DT 27 +middle JJ 27 +ground NN 24 +. . 9 + +Yale NNP 2 +is VBZ 0 +one CD 2 +of IN 3 +the DT 8 +few JJ 8 +medical JJ 8 +institutions NNS 4 +conducting VBG 8 +privately RB 11 +funded JJ 12 +research NN 9 +on IN 12 +fetal-tissue JJ 15 +transplants NNS 13 +. . 2 + +But CC 4 +Dr. NNP 3 +Genel NNP 4 +warns VBZ 0 +that IN 4 +Dr. NNP 8 +Mason NNP 8 +'s POS 9 +ruling NN 10 +may MD 5 +discourage VB 10 +private JJ 13 +funding NN 11 +. . 4 + +`` `` 37 +The DT 3 +unavailability NN 10 +of IN 3 +federal JJ 6 +funds NNS 4 +, , 10 +and CC 10 +the DT 10 +climate NN 19 +in IN 10 +which WDT 11 +the DT 14 +decision NN 15 +was VBD 11 +made VBN 15 +, , 10 +certainly RB 19 +do VBP 37 +n't RB 19 +provide VB 19 +any DT 23 +incentive NN 21 +for IN 23 +one CD 32 +of IN 25 +the DT 30 +more RBR 29 +visible JJ 30 +foundations NNS 26 +to TO 32 +provide VB 24 +support NN 32 +, , 37 +'' '' 37 +he PRP 37 +said VBD 0 +. . 37 + +Despite IN 14 +the DT 3 +flap NN 1 +over IN 3 +transplants NNS 4 +, , 14 +federal JJ 8 +funding NN 14 +of IN 8 +research NN 9 +involving VBG 10 +fetal JJ 13 +tissues NNS 11 +will MD 0 +continue VB 14 +on IN 15 +a DT 18 +number NN 16 +of IN 18 +fronts NNS 19 +. . 14 + +`` `` 4 +Such JJ 3 +research NN 4 +may MD 0 +ultimately RB 4 +result VB 4 +in IN 6 +the DT 9 +ability NN 7 +to TO 11 +regenerate VB 25 +damaged JJ 13 +tissues NNS 11 +or CC 25 +to TO 16 +turn VB 25 +off RP 16 +genes NNS 16 +that WDT 18 +cause VBP 19 +cancer NN 20 +'' '' 25 +or CC 25 +to TO 25 +regulate VB 9 +genes NNS 25 +that WDT 26 +cause VBP 27 +Down NNP 30 +'s POS 31 +syndrome NN 35 +, , 35 +the DT 35 +leading VBG 35 +cause NN 28 +of IN 35 +mental JJ 38 +retardation NN 36 +, , 35 +according VBG 35 +to TO 40 +an DT 44 +NIH NNP 44 +summary NN 41 +. . 4 + +The DT 2 +NIH NNP 4 +currently RB 4 +spends VBZ 0 +about IN 6 +$ $ 4 +8 CD 6 +million CD 6 +annually RB 4 +on IN 4 +fetal-tissue JJ 12 +research NN 10 +out IN 4 +of IN 13 +a DT 18 +total JJ 18 +research NN 18 +budget NN 14 +of IN 18 +$ $ 19 +8 CD 20 +billion CD 20 +. . 4 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0049.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0049.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c45c2837758e751f5213b6853beb7104fab7692c --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0049.dp @@ -0,0 +1,1962 @@ +The DT 4 +Internal NNP 4 +Revenue NNP 4 +Service NNP 5 +has VBZ 0 +threatened VBN 5 +criminal JJ 8 +sanctions NNS 6 +against IN 8 +lawyers NNS 9 +who WP 10 +fail VBP 11 +to TO 14 +report VB 12 +detailed JJ 16 +information NN 14 +about IN 16 +clients NNS 17 +who WP 18 +pay VBP 19 +them PRP 20 +more JJR 24 +than IN 24 +$ $ 20 +10,000 CD 24 +in IN 24 +cash NN 26 +. . 5 + +The DT 2 +warnings NNS 21 +, , 2 +issued VBN 2 +to TO 4 +at IN 11 +least JJS 6 +100 CD 6 +criminal NN 11 +defense NN 11 +attorneys NNS 5 +in IN 4 +several JJ 15 +major JJ 15 +cities NNS 12 +in IN 4 +the DT 19 +last JJ 19 +week NN 16 +, , 2 +have VBP 0 +led VBN 21 +to TO 22 +an DT 25 +outcry NN 23 +by IN 25 +members NNS 26 +of IN 27 +the DT 31 +organized JJ 31 +bar NN 28 +, , 27 +who WP 27 +claim VBP 33 +the DT 36 +information NN 37 +is VBZ 34 +protected VBN 37 +by IN 38 +attorney-client JJ 41 +privilege NN 39 +. . 21 + +The DT 3 +IRS NNP 3 +warnings NNS 4 +stem VBP 0 +from IN 4 +a DT 8 +1984 CD 8 +law NN 5 +that WDT 8 +requires VBZ 9 +anyone NN 41 +who WP 11 +receives VBZ 12 +more JJR 16 +than IN 16 +$ $ 13 +10,000 CD 16 +in IN 16 +cash NN 18 +from IN 13 +a DT 24 +client NN 24 +or CC 24 +customer NN 20 +in IN 13 +one CD 30 +or CC 26 +more JJR 26 +related JJ 30 +transactions NNS 25 +`` `` 13 +in IN 13 +the DT 34 +course NN 32 +of IN 34 +trade NN 38 +or CC 38 +business NN 35 +'' '' 13 +to TO 41 +report VB 10 +the DT 43 +payment NN 41 +on IN 41 +a DT 46 +document NN 44 +known VBN 46 +as IN 47 +Form NN 48 +8300 CD 49 +. . 4 + +The DT 2 +form NN 3 +asks VBZ 0 +for IN 3 +such JJ 6 +details NNS 4 +as IN 6 +the DT 10 +client NN 10 +'s POS 18 +name NN 18 +, , 18 +Social NNP 15 +Security NNP 15 +number NN 18 +, , 18 +passport NN 18 +number NN 20 +and CC 20 +details NNS 7 +about IN 20 +the DT 23 +services NNS 21 +provided VBN 23 +for IN 24 +the DT 27 +payment NN 25 +. . 3 + +Failure NN 6 +to TO 3 +complete VB 1 +the DT 5 +form NN 3 +had VBD 0 +been VBN 6 +punishable JJ 7 +as IN 7 +a DT 11 +misdemeanor NN 9 +until IN 7 +last JJ 14 +November NNP 12 +, , 14 +when WRB 14 +Congress NNP 18 +determined VBD 16 +that IN 18 +the DT 21 +crime NN 22 +was VBD 19 +a DT 24 +felony NN 22 +punishable JJ 24 +by IN 25 +up IN 30 +to TO 27 +10 CD 27 +years NNS 26 +in IN 30 +prison NN 31 +. . 6 + +Attorneys NNS 2 +have VBP 0 +argued VBN 2 +since IN 3 +1985 CD 4 +, , 5 +when WRB 5 +the DT 9 +law NN 10 +took VBD 7 +effect NN 10 +, , 3 +that IN 3 +they PRP 15 +can MD 13 +not RB 15 +provide VB 15 +information NN 17 +about IN 18 +clients NNS 19 +who WP 20 +do VBP 21 +n't RB 22 +wish VB 22 +their PRP$ 26 +identities NNS 28 +to TO 28 +be VB 24 +known VBN 28 +. . 2 + +Many JJ 2 +attorneys NNS 3 +have VBP 0 +returned VBN 3 +incomplete JJ 6 +forms NNS 4 +to TO 4 +the DT 9 +IRS NNP 7 +in IN 4 +recent JJ 12 +years NNS 10 +, , 4 +citing VBG 4 +attorney-client JJ 16 +privilege NN 14 +. . 3 + +Until IN 8 +last JJ 3 +week NN 1 +, , 8 +the DT 6 +IRS NNP 8 +rarely RB 8 +acted VBD 0 +on IN 8 +the DT 12 +incomplete JJ 12 +forms NNS 9 +. . 8 + +`` `` 20 +This DT 3 +form NN 4 +forces VBZ 20 +a DT 6 +lawyer NN 8 +to TO 8 +become VB 4 +, , 10 +in IN 8 +effect NN 10 +, , 10 +a DT 14 +witness NN 8 +against IN 14 +his PRP$ 17 +client NN 15 +, , 20 +'' '' 20 +said VBD 0 +Neal NNP 23 +R. NNP 23 +Sonnett NNP 25 +, , 25 +president NN 20 +of IN 25 +the DT 29 +National NNP 29 +Association NNP 26 +of IN 29 +Criminal NNP 33 +Defense NNP 33 +Lawyers NNPS 30 +. . 20 + +`` `` 17 +The DT 3 +IRS NNP 4 +is VBZ 17 +asking VBG 4 +lawyers NNS 5 +to TO 8 +red-flag VB 5 +a DT 11 +criminal JJ 11 +problem NN 8 +to TO 8 +the DT 14 +government NN 12 +, , 17 +'' '' 17 +added VBD 0 +Mr. NNP 19 +Sonnett NNP 23 +, , 23 +a DT 23 +Miami NNP 23 +lawyer NN 17 +who WP 23 +has VBZ 24 +heard VBN 25 +from IN 26 +dozens NNS 27 +of IN 28 +attorneys NNS 29 +who WP 28 +received VBD 31 +letters NNS 32 +in IN 32 +recent JJ 36 +days NNS 34 +and CC 26 +has VBZ 26 +himself PRP 38 +received VBD 38 +the DT 44 +computer-generated JJ 44 +IRS NNP 44 +forms NNS 40 +sent VBN 44 +by IN 45 +certified JJ 48 +mail NN 46 +. . 17 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Sonnett NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +that IN 3 +clients NNS 9 +who WP 5 +pay VBP 6 +cash NN 7 +may MD 4 +include VB 9 +alleged VBN 13 +drug NN 13 +dealers NNS 10 +who WP 13 +do VBP 14 +n't RB 15 +have VB 15 +domestic JJ 20 +bank NN 20 +accounts NNS 17 +. . 3 + +These DT 2 +individuals NNS 3 +may MD 0 +not RB 3 +necessarily RB 3 +be VB 3 +under IN 6 +investigation NN 7 +when WRB 6 +they PRP 11 +hire VBP 9 +lawyers NNS 11 +. . 3 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Sonnett NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +there EX 6 +also RB 6 +may MD 3 +be VB 6 +other JJ 9 +circumstances NNS 7 +under IN 9 +which WDT 10 +individuals NNS 13 +would MD 10 +n't RB 13 +want VB 13 +the DT 17 +government NN 19 +to TO 19 +know VB 15 +they PRP 21 +had VBD 19 +retained VBN 21 +criminal JJ 25 +defense NN 25 +lawyers NNS 22 +. . 3 + +Filling VBG 8 +out RP 1 +detailed JJ 4 +forms NNS 1 +about IN 4 +these DT 7 +individuals NNS 5 +would MD 21 +tip VB 8 +the DT 11 +IRS NNP 9 +off RP 9 +and CC 9 +spark VB 9 +action NN 14 +against IN 15 +the DT 18 +clients NNS 16 +, , 21 +he PRP 21 +said VBD 0 +. . 21 + +The DT 4 +defense NN 4 +lawyers NNS 4 +' POS 5 +group NN 6 +formed VBD 0 +a DT 9 +task NN 9 +force NN 6 +this DT 11 +week NN 6 +, , 6 +chaired VBN 6 +by IN 13 +New NNP 19 +York NNP 19 +attorney NN 19 +Gerald NNP 19 +Lefcourt NNP 14 +, , 6 +to TO 22 +deal VB 6 +with IN 22 +the DT 25 +matter NN 23 +. . 6 + +The DT 5 +American NNP 5 +Bar NNP 5 +Association NNP 5 +'s POS 6 +House NNP 9 +of IN 6 +Delegates NNPS 7 +passed VBD 0 +a DT 11 +resolution NN 9 +in IN 9 +1985 CD 12 +condemning VBG 9 +the DT 18 +IRS NNP 18 +reporting NN 18 +requirement NN 14 +. . 9 + +Michael NNP 2 +Ross NNP 7 +, , 7 +a DT 7 +New NNP 7 +York NNP 7 +lawyer NN 17 +who WP 7 +heads VBZ 8 +the DT 12 +ABA NNP 12 +'s POS 15 +grand JJ 15 +jury NN 15 +committee NN 9 +, , 7 +said VBD 0 +that IN 17 +lawyers NNS 20 +are VBP 18 +prohibited VBN 20 +by IN 21 +the DT 25 +ABA NNP 25 +'s POS 26 +code NN 22 +of IN 26 +ethics NNS 27 +from IN 21 +disclosing VBG 29 +information NN 30 +about IN 31 +a DT 34 +client NN 32 +except IN 21 +where WRB 35 +a DT 38 +court NN 39 +orders VBZ 36 +it PRP 39 +or CC 36 +to TO 43 +prevent VB 36 +the DT 45 +client NN 43 +from IN 43 +committing VBG 46 +a DT 50 +criminal JJ 50 +act NN 47 +that WDT 50 +could MD 51 +result VB 52 +in IN 53 +death NN 54 +. . 17 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Ross NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +he PRP 5 +met VBD 3 +with IN 5 +officials NNS 6 +of IN 7 +the DT 10 +IRS NNP 14 +and CC 14 +the DT 14 +Justice NNP 14 +Department NNP 8 +, , 14 +which WDT 14 +would MD 16 +bring VB 17 +any DT 21 +enforcement NN 21 +actions NNS 18 +against IN 21 +taxpayers NNS 22 +, , 14 +to TO 26 +discuss VB 5 +the DT 28 +issue NN 26 +last JJ 30 +May NNP 5 +. . 3 + +At IN 11 +that DT 3 +meeting NN 1 +, , 6 +he PRP 6 +said VBD 11 +, , 6 +the DT 10 +Justice NNP 10 +Department NNP 11 +assured VBD 0 +him PRP 11 +that IN 11 +enforcement NN 15 +procedures NNS 16 +would MD 13 +n't RB 16 +be VB 16 +threatened VBN 18 +against IN 19 +attorneys NNS 20 +without IN 19 +further JJ 24 +review NN 27 +and CC 27 +advance NN 27 +notice NN 22 +. . 11 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Ross NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +IRS NNP 5 +officials NNS 6 +opposed VBD 3 +the DT 10 +Justice NNP 10 +Department NNP 10 +'s POS 12 +moderate JJ 12 +stance NN 6 +on IN 12 +the DT 15 +matter NN 13 +. . 3 + +But CC 21 +in IN 21 +the DT 4 +letters NNS 2 +sent VBN 4 +in IN 5 +recent JJ 8 +days NNS 6 +, , 21 +Christopher NNP 12 +J. NNP 12 +Lezovich NNP 21 +of IN 12 +the DT 17 +IRS NNP 17 +computing NN 17 +center NN 13 +in IN 17 +Detroit NNP 18 +, , 12 +told VBD 0 +attorneys NNS 21 +that IN 21 +`` `` 23 +failing VBG 32 +to TO 28 +voluntarily RB 28 +submit VB 25 +the DT 31 +requested VBN 31 +information NN 28 +could MD 23 +result VB 32 +in IN 33 +summons NN 37 +enforcement NN 37 +action NN 38 +being VBG 34 +initiated VBN 38 +. . 21 +'' '' 21 + +In IN 7 +some DT 3 +cases NNS 1 +, , 7 +the DT 6 +IRS NNP 7 +asked VBD 0 +for IN 7 +information NN 8 +dating VBG 9 +back RB 10 +to TO 10 +forms NNS 12 +it PRP 15 +received VBD 13 +in IN 15 +1985 CD 16 +. . 7 + +A DT 2 +spokesman NN 6 +for IN 2 +the DT 5 +IRS NNP 3 +confirmed VBD 21 +that IN 6 +`` `` 7 +there EX 10 +has VBZ 7 +been VBN 10 +correspondence NN 11 +mailed VBN 12 +about IN 12 +incomplete JJ 16 +8300s NNS 14 +, , 21 +'' '' 21 +but CC 21 +he PRP 21 +declined VBD 0 +to TO 23 +say VB 21 +why WRB 23 +the DT 26 +letters NNS 27 +were VBD 24 +sent VBN 27 +to TO 28 +lawyers NNS 29 +now RB 28 +. . 21 + +Individuals NNS 9 +familiar JJ 1 +with IN 2 +the DT 7 +Justice NNP 7 +Department NNP 7 +'s POS 8 +policy NN 3 +said VBD 0 +that IN 9 +Justice JJ 12 +officials NNS 13 +had VBD 10 +n't RB 13 +any DT 16 +knowledge NN 13 +of IN 16 +the DT 20 +IRS NNP 20 +'s POS 21 +actions NNS 17 +in IN 21 +the DT 25 +last JJ 25 +week NN 22 +. . 9 + +Lawyers NNS 2 +worry VBP 0 +that IN 2 +if IN 13 +they PRP 6 +provide VBP 4 +information NN 6 +about IN 7 +clients NNS 8 +, , 13 +that DT 12 +data NN 13 +could MD 3 +quickly RB 13 +end VB 13 +up RP 15 +in IN 15 +the DT 19 +hands NNS 17 +of IN 19 +prosecutors NNS 20 +. . 2 + +Prosecutors NNS 2 +need VBP 0 +court NN 4 +permission NN 2 +to TO 6 +obtain VB 2 +the DT 9 +tax NN 9 +returns NNS 6 +of IN 9 +an DT 12 +individual NN 15 +or CC 15 +a DT 15 +business NN 10 +. . 2 + +But CC 3 +they PRP 3 +have VBP 0 +obtained VBN 3 +8300 JJ 6 +forms NNS 4 +without IN 4 +court NN 9 +permission NN 7 +and CC 4 +used VBD 4 +the DT 13 +information NN 11 +to TO 15 +help VB 11 +develop VB 15 +criminal JJ 18 +cases NNS 16 +. . 3 + +Some DT 3 +criminal JJ 3 +lawyers NNS 4 +speculated VBD 0 +that IN 4 +the DT 7 +IRS NNP 8 +was VBD 5 +sending VBG 8 +the DT 11 +letters NNS 9 +to TO 13 +test VB 9 +the DT 15 +issue NN 13 +. . 4 + +In IN 10 +a DT 3 +number NN 1 +of IN 3 +recent JJ 6 +cases NNS 4 +, , 10 +federal JJ 9 +courts NNS 10 +have VBP 0 +refused VBN 10 +to TO 13 +recognize VB 11 +attorneys NNS 15 +' POS 16 +assertions NNS 13 +that IN 16 +information NN 24 +relating VBG 18 +to TO 19 +fees NNS 20 +from IN 21 +clients NNS 22 +should MD 17 +be VB 24 +confidential JJ 25 +. . 10 + +THE DT 2 +WAR NN 7 +OVER IN 2 +FEDERAL JJ 6 +JUDICIAL JJ 6 +SALARIES NNS 3 +takes VBZ 0 +a DT 9 +victim NN 7 +. . 7 + +Often RB 4 +, , 4 +judges NNS 4 +ease VBP 0 +into IN 4 +more RBR 7 +lucrative JJ 9 +private JJ 9 +practice NN 5 +with IN 4 +little JJ 12 +fanfare NN 10 +, , 4 +but CC 4 +not RB 4 +federal JJ 20 +Judge NNP 20 +Raul NNP 20 +A. NN 20 +Ramirez NNP 15 +in IN 20 +Sacramento NNP 24 +, , 24 +Calif NNP 21 +. . 4 + +On IN 6 +Tuesday NNP 1 +, , 6 +the DT 5 +judge NN 6 +called VBD 0 +a DT 9 +news NN 9 +conference NN 6 +to TO 11 +say VB 6 +he PRP 13 +was VBD 11 +quitting VBG 13 +effective JJ 14 +Dec. NN 15 +31 CD 16 +to TO 19 +join VB 14 +a DT 24 +San NNP 24 +Francisco NNP 24 +law NN 24 +firm NN 19 +. . 6 + +The DT 2 +reason NN 5 +: : 5 +the DT 5 +refusal NN 0 +of IN 5 +Congress NNP 6 +to TO 9 +give VB 5 +federal JJ 11 +judges NNS 9 +a DT 13 +raise NN 9 +. . 5 + +`` `` 38 +A DT 3 +couple NN 8 +of IN 3 +my PRP$ 7 +law NN 7 +clerks NNS 4 +were VBD 21 +going VBG 8 +to TO 11 +pass VB 9 +me PRP 11 +in IN 11 +three CD 16 +or CC 16 +four CD 17 +years NNS 13 +, , 21 +and CC 21 +I PRP 21 +was VBD 38 +afraid JJ 21 +I PRP 24 +was VBD 22 +going VBG 24 +to TO 27 +have VB 25 +to TO 29 +ask VB 27 +them PRP 29 +for IN 29 +a DT 33 +loan NN 31 +, , 38 +'' '' 38 +the DT 37 +judge NN 38 +quipped VBD 0 +in IN 38 +an DT 41 +interview NN 39 +. . 38 + +Federal JJ 2 +judges NNS 3 +make VBP 12 +$ $ 5 +89,500 CD 3 +annually RB 3 +; : 12 +in IN 12 +February NNP 8 +, , 12 +Congress NNP 12 +rejected VBD 0 +a DT 14 +bill NN 12 +that WDT 14 +would MD 15 +have VB 16 +increased VBN 17 +their PRP$ 20 +pay NN 18 +by IN 18 +50 CD 23 +% NN 21 +. . 12 + +Judge NNP 2 +Ramirez NNP 4 +, , 4 +44 CD 6 +, , 4 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 8 +is VBZ 6 +unjust JJ 8 +for IN 8 +judges NNS 13 +to TO 13 +make VB 10 +what WP 13 +they PRP 16 +do VBP 14 +. . 6 + +`` `` 3 +Judges NNS 3 +are VBP 0 +not RB 3 +getting VBG 3 +what WP 5 +they PRP 8 +deserve VBP 6 +. . 3 + +You PRP 2 +look VBP 12 +around RP 2 +at IN 2 +professional JJ 6 +ballplayers NNS 8 +or CC 8 +accountants NNS 4 +... : 12 +and CC 12 +nobody NN 12 +blinks VBZ 0 +an DT 14 +eye NN 12 +. . 12 + +When WRB 13 +you PRP 3 +become VBP 1 +a DT 6 +federal JJ 6 +judge NN 3 +, , 13 +all DT 11 +of IN 11 +a DT 11 +sudden JJ 13 +you PRP 13 +are VBP 0 +relegated VBN 13 +to TO 14 +a DT 18 +paltry JJ 18 +sum NN 15 +. . 13 +'' '' 13 + +At IN 25 +his PRP$ 4 +new JJ 4 +job NN 1 +, , 25 +as IN 25 +partner NN 6 +in IN 7 +charge NN 8 +of IN 9 +federal JJ 12 +litigation NN 10 +in IN 25 +the DT 16 +Sacramento NNP 16 +office NN 13 +of IN 16 +Orrick NNP 22 +, , 22 +Herrington NNP 22 +& CC 22 +Sutcliffe NNP 17 +, , 25 +he PRP 25 +will MD 0 +make VB 25 +out RP 26 +much RB 26 +better RBR 28 +. . 25 + +The DT 2 +judge NN 3 +declined VBD 0 +to TO 5 +discuss VB 3 +his PRP$ 7 +salary NN 5 +in IN 5 +detail NN 8 +, , 3 +but CC 3 +said VBD 3 +: : 12 +`` `` 12 +I PRP 16 +'m VBP 12 +going VBG 16 +to TO 19 +be VB 17 +a DT 22 +high-priced JJ 22 +lawyer NN 19 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +DOONESBURY NNP 2 +CREATOR'S NN 4 +UNION NN 4 +TROUBLES NNS 5 +are VBP 0 +no DT 8 +laughing JJ 8 +matter NN 5 +. . 5 + +Cartoonist NN 3 +Garry NNP 3 +Trudeau NNP 4 +is VBZ 0 +suing VBG 4 +the DT 8 +Writers NNPS 8 +Guild NNP 5 +of IN 8 +America NNP 11 +East NNP 9 +for IN 5 +$ $ 12 +11 CD 13 +million CD 13 +, , 5 +alleging VBG 5 +it PRP 19 +mounted VBD 17 +a DT 22 +`` `` 22 +campaign NN 19 +to TO 24 +harass VB 22 +and CC 24 +punish VB 24 +'' '' 24 +him PRP 24 +for IN 24 +crossing VBG 29 +a DT 33 +screenwriters NNS 33 +' POS 35 +picket NN 35 +line NN 30 +. . 4 + +The DT 2 +dispute NN 3 +involves VBZ 0 +Darkhorse NNP 6 +Productions NNPS 6 +Inc. NNP 11 +, , 11 +a DT 11 +TV NN 11 +production NN 11 +company NN 3 +in IN 11 +which WDT 12 +Mr. NNP 15 +Trudeau NNP 16 +is VBZ 12 +a DT 18 +co-owner NN 16 +. . 3 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Trudeau NNP 7 +, , 7 +a DT 7 +Writers NNPS 7 +Guild NNP 7 +member NN 10 +, , 7 +also RB 10 +was VBD 0 +employed VBN 10 +as IN 11 +a DT 14 +writer NN 12 +for IN 14 +Darkhorse NNP 15 +, , 16 +which WDT 16 +was VBD 18 +covered VBN 19 +by IN 20 +a DT 25 +guild NN 25 +collective-bargaining JJ 25 +agreement NN 21 +. . 10 + +The DT 2 +guild NN 3 +began VBD 0 +a DT 5 +strike NN 3 +against IN 5 +the DT 11 +TV NN 11 +and CC 11 +movie NN 11 +industry NN 6 +in IN 3 +March NNP 12 +1988 CD 13 +. . 3 + +In IN 7 +his PRP$ 3 +lawsuit NN 1 +, , 7 +Mr. NNP 6 +Trudeau NNP 7 +says VBZ 0 +the DT 9 +strike NN 11 +illegally RB 11 +included VBD 17 +Darkhorse NNP 11 +, , 17 +and CC 17 +the DT 16 +cartoonist NN 17 +refused VBD 7 +to TO 19 +honor VB 17 +the DT 21 +strike NN 19 +against IN 21 +the DT 24 +company NN 22 +. . 7 + +A DT 2 +spokesman NN 6 +for IN 2 +the DT 5 +guild NN 3 +said VBD 0 +the DT 9 +union NN 9 +'s POS 10 +lawyers NNS 11 +are VBP 6 +reviewing VBG 11 +the DT 14 +suit NN 12 +. . 6 + +He PRP 2 +said VBD 0 +disciplinary JJ 4 +proceedings NNS 5 +are VBP 2 +confidential JJ 5 +and CC 2 +declined VBD 2 +to TO 10 +comment VB 8 +on IN 10 +whether IN 11 +any DT 14 +are VBP 12 +being VBG 14 +held VBN 15 +against IN 16 +Mr. NNP 19 +Trudeau NNP 17 +. . 2 + +Mr. NNP 3 +Trudeau NNP 3 +'s POS 4 +attorney NN 8 +, , 8 +Norman NNP 8 +K. NNP 8 +Samnick NNP 10 +, , 8 +said VBD 0 +the DT 12 +harassment NN 13 +consists VBZ 10 +mainly RB 13 +of IN 13 +the DT 18 +guild NN 18 +'s POS 20 +year-long JJ 20 +threats NNS 15 +of IN 20 +disciplinary JJ 23 +action NN 21 +. . 10 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Samnick NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +a DT 7 +guild NN 7 +disciplinary JJ 7 +hearing NN 8 +is VBZ 3 +scheduled VBN 8 +next IN 9 +Monday NNP 10 +in IN 9 +New NNP 14 +York NNP 12 +. . 3 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Samnick NNP 12 +, , 2 +who WP 2 +will MD 4 +go VB 5 +before IN 6 +the DT 10 +disciplinary JJ 10 +panel NN 7 +, , 2 +said VBD 0 +the DT 14 +proceedings NNS 15 +are VBP 18 +unfair JJ 15 +and CC 18 +that IN 12 +any DT 20 +punishment NN 24 +from IN 20 +the DT 23 +guild NN 21 +would MD 18 +be VB 24 +unjustified JJ 25 +. . 12 + +In IN 9 +addition NN 1 +to TO 2 +the DT 5 +damages NNS 3 +, , 9 +the DT 8 +suit NN 9 +seeks VBZ 0 +a DT 12 +court NN 12 +order NN 9 +preventing VBG 12 +the DT 15 +guild NN 13 +from IN 13 +punishing VBG 16 +or CC 17 +retaliating VBG 17 +against IN 19 +Mr. NNP 22 +Trudeau NNP 17 +. . 9 + +ABORTION NN 2 +RULING NN 3 +UPHELD VBN 0 +: : 3 + +A DT 4 +federal JJ 4 +appeals NNS 4 +court NN 5 +upheld VBD 0 +a DT 9 +lower JJR 9 +court NN 9 +ruling NN 5 +that IN 9 +the DT 12 +U.S. NNP 13 +can MD 10 +bar VB 13 +the DT 16 +use NN 14 +of IN 16 +federal JJ 19 +funds NNS 17 +for IN 16 +family-planning JJ 22 +programs NNS 20 +that WDT 22 +include VBP 23 +abortion-related JJ 26 +services NNS 24 +. . 5 + +A DT 8 +Department NNP 8 +of IN 2 +Health NNP 7 +and CC 7 +Human NNP 7 +Services NNPS 3 +rule NN 12 +adopted VBN 8 +in IN 9 +1988 CD 10 +prohibits VBZ 0 +the DT 14 +use NN 12 +of IN 14 +so-called JJ 19 +Title NN 19 +X NNP 19 +funds NNS 15 +for IN 14 +programs NNS 20 +that WDT 21 +assist VBP 22 +a DT 25 +woman NN 23 +in IN 23 +obtaining VBG 26 +an DT 29 +abortion NN 27 +, , 21 +such JJ 32 +as IN 21 +abortion NN 36 +counseling NN 36 +and CC 36 +referrals NNS 32 +. . 12 + +The DT 2 +rule NN 4 +also RB 4 +prohibits VBZ 0 +funding NN 4 +for IN 5 +activities NNS 6 +that WDT 7 +`` `` 8 +encourage VBP 8 +, , 10 +promote VBP 10 +or CC 10 +advocate VBP 10 +abortion NN 10 +. . 4 +'' '' 4 + +Title NN 3 +X NNP 3 +funds NNS 4 +are VBP 0 +the DT 8 +single JJ 8 +largest JJS 8 +source NN 4 +of IN 8 +federal JJ 11 +funding NN 9 +for IN 11 +family-planning JJ 14 +services NNS 12 +, , 4 +according VBG 4 +to TO 16 +the DT 19 +opinion NN 17 +by IN 19 +the DT 25 +Second NNP 25 +U.S. NNP 25 +Circuit NNP 25 +Court NNP 20 +of IN 25 +Appeals NNPS 26 +in IN 25 +New NNP 30 +York NNP 28 +. . 4 + +The DT 2 +panel NN 3 +ruled VBD 0 +that IN 19 +the DT 6 +restrictions NNS 7 +do VBP 4 +n't RB 7 +violate VB 7 +the DT 11 +freedom NN 9 +of IN 11 +speech NN 12 +of IN 13 +health NN 17 +care NN 17 +providers NNS 14 +and CC 19 +that IN 3 +the DT 21 +limits NNS 25 +on IN 21 +counseling NN 24 +services NNS 22 +do VBP 19 +n't RB 25 +violate VB 25 +the DT 29 +rights NNS 27 +of IN 29 +pregnant JJ 32 +women NNS 30 +. . 3 + +INQUIRY NN 2 +CLEARS VBZ 0 +TEXAS NNP 4 +JUDGE NN 2 +of IN 2 +bias NN 5 +in IN 2 +comments NNS 7 +on IN 8 +homosexual JJ 12 +murder NN 12 +victims NNS 9 +. . 2 + +Dallas NNP 5 +District NNP 5 +Judge NNP 5 +Jack NNP 5 +Hampton NNP 6 +had VBD 0 +sparked VBN 6 +calls NNS 7 +for IN 8 +a DT 12 +judicial JJ 12 +inquiry NN 9 +with IN 7 +his PRP$ 15 +remarks NNS 13 +to TO 15 +the DT 18 +press NN 16 +last JJ 20 +December NNP 7 +, , 7 +two CD 23 +weeks NNS 24 +after IN 7 +sentencing VBG 24 +an DT 28 +18-year-old JJ 28 +defendant NN 25 +to TO 25 +30 CD 31 +years NNS 29 +in IN 31 +state NN 34 +prison NN 32 +for IN 25 +killing VBG 35 +two CD 39 +homosexual JJ 39 +men NNS 36 +in IN 36 +a DT 43 +city NN 43 +park NN 40 +. . 6 + +The DT 2 +judge NN 3 +was VBD 0 +quoted VBN 3 +as IN 4 +referring VBG 15 +to TO 6 +the DT 9 +victims NNS 7 +as IN 6 +`` `` 10 +queers NNS 10 +'' '' 10 +and CC 15 +saying VBG 5 +they PRP 17 +would MD 15 +n't RB 17 +have VB 17 +been VBN 19 +killed VBN 20 +`` `` 21 +if IN 21 +they PRP 25 +had VBD 23 +n't RB 25 +been VBN 25 +cruising VBG 27 +the DT 30 +streets NNS 28 +picking VBG 28 +up RP 31 +teenage JJ 34 +boys NNS 31 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +But CC 16 +Robert NNP 4 +R. NNP 4 +Murray NNP 8 +, , 8 +a DT 8 +special JJ 8 +master NN 16 +appointed VBN 8 +by IN 9 +the DT 14 +Texas NNP 14 +Supreme NNP 14 +Court NNP 10 +, , 8 +said VBD 0 +Judge NNP 18 +Hampton NNP 19 +did VBD 16 +n't RB 19 +breach VB 19 +any DT 24 +judicial JJ 24 +standards NNS 21 +of IN 24 +fairness NN 25 +, , 21 +although IN 21 +he PRP 30 +did VBD 28 +violate VB 30 +the DT 34 +state NN 34 +'s POS 36 +judicial JJ 36 +code NN 31 +by IN 31 +commenting VBG 37 +publicly RB 38 +on IN 38 +a DT 43 +pending VBG 43 +case NN 40 +. . 16 + +Observing VBG 17 +that IN 1 +the DT 4 +judge NN 6 +`` `` 6 +has VBZ 2 +never RB 6 +exhibited VBN 6 +any DT 12 +bias NN 12 +or CC 12 +prejudice NN 8 +, , 17 +'' '' 17 +Mr. NNP 16 +Murray NNP 17 +concluded VBD 0 +that IN 17 +he PRP 21 +`` `` 21 +would MD 18 +be VB 21 +impartial JJ 22 +in IN 22 +any DT 26 +case NN 24 +involving VBG 26 +a DT 31 +homosexual NN 31 +or CC 31 +prostitute NN 27 +'' '' 27 +as IN 27 +a DT 35 +victim NN 33 +. . 17 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Murray NNP 4 +also RB 4 +said VBD 0 +Judge NNP 7 +Hampton NNP 7 +'s POS 8 +comments NNS 9 +did VBD 4 +n't RB 9 +discredit VB 9 +the DT 13 +judiciary NN 16 +or CC 16 +the DT 16 +administration NN 11 +of IN 16 +justice NN 17 +. . 4 + +The DT 2 +report NN 3 +is VBZ 0 +subject JJ 3 +to TO 4 +review VB 5 +by IN 6 +the DT 10 +State NNP 10 +Commission NNP 7 +on IN 10 +Judicial NNP 13 +Conduct NNP 11 +, , 10 +which WDT 10 +is VBZ 15 +empowered VBN 16 +to TO 19 +impose VB 17 +sanctions NNS 19 +. . 3 + +GAF NNP 2 +TRIAL NN 3 +goes VBZ 0 +to TO 3 +round NN 4 +three CD 5 +. . 3 + +Attorneys NNS 10 +in IN 1 +the DT 6 +third JJ 6 +stock-manipulation JJ 6 +trial NN 2 +of IN 6 +GAF NNP 9 +Corp. NNP 7 +began VBD 0 +opening VBG 12 +arguments NNS 10 +yesterday NN 10 +in IN 10 +the DT 17 +Manhattan NNP 17 +courtroom NN 14 +of IN 17 +U.S. NNP 24 +District NNP 24 +Judge NNP 24 +Mary NNP 24 +Johnson NNP 24 +Lowe NNP 18 +. . 10 + +In IN 8 +an DT 4 +eight-count JJ 4 +indictment NN 1 +, , 8 +the DT 7 +government NN 8 +has VBZ 0 +charged VBN 8 +GAF NNP 19 +, , 19 +a DT 19 +Wayne NNP 15 +, , 15 +N.J. NNP 19 +, , 15 +specialty NN 19 +chemical NN 19 +maker NN 27 +, , 19 +and CC 27 +its PRP$ 27 +Vice NNP 27 +Chairman NNP 27 +James NNP 27 +T. NNP 27 +Sherwin NNP 9 +with IN 9 +attempting VBG 28 +to TO 31 +manipulate VB 29 +the DT 34 +common JJ 34 +stock NN 31 +of IN 34 +Union NNP 38 +Carbide NNP 38 +Corp. NNP 35 +in IN 31 +advance NN 39 +of IN 40 +GAF NNP 43 +'s POS 45 +planned JJ 45 +sale NN 41 +of IN 45 +a DT 49 +large JJ 49 +block NN 46 +of IN 49 +the DT 52 +stock NN 50 +in IN 45 +November NNP 53 +1986 CD 54 +. . 8 + +The DT 5 +first JJ 5 +two CD 5 +GAF NNP 5 +trials NNS 6 +ended VBD 0 +in IN 6 +mistrials NNS 7 +earlier RBR 11 +this DT 11 +year NN 6 +. . 6 + +This DT 2 +trial NN 3 +is VBZ 0 +expected VBN 3 +to TO 6 +last VB 4 +five CD 8 +weeks NNS 6 +. . 3 + +SWITCHING VBG 0 +TO TO 1 +THE DT 4 +DEFENSE NN 2 +: : 1 + +A DT 3 +former JJ 3 +member NN 12 +of IN 3 +the DT 7 +prosecution NN 7 +team NN 4 +in IN 7 +the DT 11 +Iran\/Contra NNP 11 +affair NN 8 +joined VBD 0 +the DT 15 +Chicago NNP 15 +firm NN 12 +of IN 15 +Mayer NNP 21 +, , 21 +Brown NNP 21 +& CC 21 +Platt NNP 16 +. . 12 + +Michael NNP 3 +R. NNP 3 +Bromwich NNP 6 +, , 6 +a DT 6 +member NN 22 +since IN 6 +January NNP 7 +1987 CD 8 +of IN 6 +the DT 14 +three-lawyer JJ 14 +trial NN 14 +team NN 10 +in IN 14 +the DT 17 +prosecution NN 15 +of IN 17 +Oliver NNP 20 +North NNP 18 +, , 6 +became VBD 0 +a DT 24 +partner NN 22 +in IN 24 +the DT 29 +Washington NNP 29 +, , 29 +D.C. NNP 31 +, , 29 +office NN 25 +of IN 31 +the DT 35 +520-lawyer JJ 35 +firm NN 32 +. . 22 + +He PRP 2 +will MD 0 +specialize VB 2 +in IN 3 +white-collar JJ 8 +criminal NN 8 +defense NN 8 +work NN 4 +. . 2 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Bromwich NNP 4 +, , 4 +35 CD 7 +, , 4 +also RB 7 +has VBZ 0 +served VBN 7 +as IN 8 +deputy NN 11 +chief NN 13 +and CC 13 +chief NN 9 +of IN 13 +the DT 17 +narcotics NNS 17 +unit NN 14 +for IN 8 +the DT 22 +U.S. NNP 22 +attorney NN 22 +'s POS 23 +office NN 18 +for IN 23 +the DT 27 +Southern NNP 27 +District NNP 24 +of IN 27 +New NNP 30 +York NNP 28 +, , 23 +based VBN 23 +in IN 32 +Manhattan NNP 33 +. . 7 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0054.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0054.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e1ef46b99d414b1a6a8793707070b9981b0d10f --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0054.dp @@ -0,0 +1,90 @@ +Furukawa NNP 2 +Co. NNP 5 +of IN 2 +Japan NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 7 +will MD 5 +acquire VB 7 +two CD 12 +construction NN 12 +machinery NN 12 +plants NNS 16 +and CC 16 +a DT 16 +sales NNS 16 +unit NN 8 +in IN 16 +France NNP 17 +formerly RB 20 +belonging VBG 16 +to TO 20 +Dresser NNP 24 +Industries NNP 24 +Inc. NNP 21 +of IN 24 +the DT 27 +U.S. NNP 25 +. . 5 + +The DT 2 +company NN 3 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 5 +made VBD 3 +the DT 7 +purchase NN 5 +in IN 5 +order NN 8 +to TO 12 +locally RB 12 +produce VB 8 +hydraulically RB 14 +operated VBN 15 +shovels NNS 12 +. . 3 + +Last JJ 2 +October NNP 7 +, , 7 +the DT 5 +company NN 7 +also RB 7 +bought VBD 0 +a DT 11 +wheel-loader JJ 11 +manufacturing NN 11 +plant NN 7 +in IN 11 +Heidelberg NNP 16 +, , 16 +West NNP 16 +Germany NNP 12 +, , 16 +from IN 7 +Dresser NNP 18 +. . 7 + +Furukawa NNP 2 +said VBD 0 +the DT 4 +purchase NN 12 +of IN 4 +the DT 10 +French JJ 10 +and CC 10 +German JJ 10 +plants NNS 5 +together RB 12 +will MD 2 +total VB 12 +about RB 17 +40 CD 14 +billion CD 14 +yen NNS 13 +-LRB- -LRB- 19 +$ $ 17 +280 CD 19 +million CD 19 +-RRB- -RRB- 19 +. . 2 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0058.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0058.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b7ca9cf5a6ce7d572b30562be51a980fd5f8c255 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0058.dp @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +INGERSOLL-RAND NNP 2 +Co NNP 0 +. . 2 +-LRB- -LRB- 8 +Woodcliff NNP 6 +Lake NNP 8 +, , 8 +N.J NNP 2 +. . 8 +-RRB- -RRB- 8 +-- : 2 + +William NNP 3 +G. NNP 3 +Kuhns NNP 10 +, , 10 +former JJ 10 +chairman NN 10 +and CC 10 +chief JJ 10 +executive JJ 10 +officer NN 17 +of IN 10 +General NNP 15 +Public NNP 15 +Utilities NNP 15 +Corp. NNP 11 +, , 10 +was VBD 0 +elected VBN 17 +a DT 20 +director NN 18 +of IN 20 +this DT 23 +maker NN 21 +of IN 23 +industrial JJ 28 +and CC 25 +construction NN 25 +equipment NN 24 +, , 18 +increasing VBG 18 +board NN 32 +membership NN 30 +to TO 30 +10 CD 33 +. . 17 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0063.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0063.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cb6263f511c67343740fcddaffa950dece397521 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0063.dp @@ -0,0 +1,535 @@ +Sea NNP 3 +Containers NNPS 3 +Ltd. NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 6 +might MD 4 +increase VB 6 +the DT 9 +price NN 7 +of IN 9 +its PRP$ 15 +$ $ 15 +70-a-share JJ 12 +buy-back JJ 15 +plan NN 10 +if IN 7 +pressed VBN 16 +by IN 17 +Temple NNP 21 +Holdings NNP 21 +Ltd. NNP 18 +, , 21 +which WDT 21 +made VBD 23 +an DT 28 +earlier JJR 28 +tender JJ 28 +offer NN 24 +for IN 28 +Sea NNP 31 +Containers NNPS 29 +. . 4 + +Sea NNP 2 +Containers NNPS 9 +, , 9 +a DT 9 +Hamilton NNP 7 +, , 7 +Bermuda-based JJ 9 +shipping NN 9 +concern NN 11 +, , 9 +said VBD 0 +Tuesday NNP 11 +that IN 11 +it PRP 15 +would MD 13 +sell VB 15 +$ $ 16 +1.1 CD 17 +billion CD 17 +of IN 17 +assets NNS 20 +and CC 16 +use VB 16 +some DT 23 +of IN 24 +the DT 27 +proceeds NNS 25 +to TO 29 +buy VB 23 +about IN 32 +50 CD 30 +% NN 29 +of IN 32 +its PRP$ 36 +common JJ 36 +shares NNS 33 +for IN 29 +$ $ 39 +70 CD 37 +apiece RB 39 +. . 11 + +The DT 2 +move NN 3 +is VBZ 0 +designed VBN 3 +to TO 6 +ward VB 4 +off RP 6 +a DT 11 +hostile JJ 11 +takeover NN 11 +attempt NN 6 +by IN 11 +two CD 16 +European JJ 16 +shipping NN 16 +concerns NNS 23 +, , 23 +Stena NNP 20 +Holding NNP 20 +AG NNP 23 +and CC 23 +Tiphook NNP 23 +PLC NNP 12 +. . 3 + +In IN 17 +May NNP 1 +, , 17 +the DT 6 +two CD 6 +companies NNS 17 +, , 8 +through IN 17 +their PRP$ 13 +jointly RB 13 +owned VBN 13 +holding VBG 13 +company NN 15 +, , 15 +Temple NNP 8 +, , 8 +offered VBD 0 +$ $ 19 +50 CD 21 +a DT 21 +share NN 26 +, , 26 +or CC 26 +$ $ 26 +777 CD 26 +million CD 17 +, , 26 +for IN 17 +Sea NNP 30 +Containers NNPS 28 +. . 17 + +In IN 5 +August NNP 1 +, , 5 +Temple NNP 5 +sweetened VBD 0 +the DT 7 +offer NN 5 +to TO 5 +$ $ 10 +63 CD 12 +a DT 12 +share NN 15 +, , 15 +or CC 15 +$ $ 8 +963 CD 15 +million CD 15 +. . 5 + +Yesterday NN 13 +, , 13 +Sea NNP 5 +Containers NNPS 5 +' POS 8 +chief JJ 8 +executive NN 8 +officer NN 11 +, , 11 +James NNP 11 +Sherwood NNP 13 +, , 11 +said VBD 0 +in IN 13 +an DT 16 +interview NN 14 +that IN 13 +, , 17 +under IN 26 +the DT 22 +asset-sale JJ 22 +plan NN 19 +, , 26 +Sea NNP 25 +Containers NNPS 26 +would MD 17 +end VB 26 +up RP 27 +with IN 27 +a DT 32 +cash NN 32 +surplus NN 29 +of IN 32 +approximately RB 35 +$ $ 33 +620 CD 35 +million CD 35 +. . 13 + +About IN 2 +$ $ 7 +490 CD 2 +million CD 2 +of IN 2 +that WDT 5 +would MD 21 +be VB 7 +allocated VBN 8 +to TO 9 +the DT 12 +buy-back NN 10 +, , 9 +leaving VBG 9 +about IN 16 +$ $ 14 +130 CD 16 +million CD 16 +, , 21 +he PRP 21 +said VBD 0 +. . 21 + +That DT 2 +$ $ 11 +130 CD 2 +million CD 2 +, , 8 +Mr. NNP 7 +Sherwood NNP 8 +said VBD 11 +, , 8 +`` `` 11 +gives VBZ 0 +us PRP 11 +some DT 14 +flexibility NN 11 +in IN 11 +case NN 15 +Temple NNP 18 +raises VBZ 15 +its PRP$ 20 +bid NN 18 +. . 11 + +We PRP 2 +are VBP 0 +able JJ 2 +to TO 5 +increase VB 3 +our PRP$ 7 +price NN 5 +above IN 5 +the DT 12 +$ $ 12 +70 CD 10 +level NN 8 +if IN 2 +necessary JJ 13 +. . 2 + +'' '' 3 +He PRP 3 +declined VBD 0 +to TO 5 +say VB 3 +, , 7 +however RB 5 +, , 7 +how WRB 5 +much JJ 9 +Sea NNP 12 +Containers NNPS 13 +might MD 9 +raise VB 13 +its PRP$ 16 +price NN 14 +. . 3 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Sherwood NNP 3 +speculated VBD 0 +that IN 3 +the DT 6 +leeway NN 11 +that IN 6 +Sea NNP 9 +Containers NNPS 10 +has VBZ 7 +means VBZ 4 +that DT 11 +Temple NNP 14 +would MD 12 +have VB 14 +to TO 19 +`` `` 19 +substantially RB 19 +increase VB 15 +their PRP$ 21 +bid NN 19 +if IN 19 +they PRP 24 +'re VBP 22 +going VBG 24 +to TO 27 +top VB 25 +us PRP 27 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +Temple NNP 6 +, , 3 +however RB 6 +, , 3 +harshly RB 6 +criticized VBD 0 +Sea NNP 9 +Containers NNPS 9 +' POS 10 +plan NN 6 +yesterday NN 6 +, , 6 +characterizing VBG 6 +it PRP 13 +as IN 13 +a DT 20 +`` `` 20 +highly RB 19 +conditional JJ 20 +device NN 15 +designed VBN 20 +to TO 23 +entrench VB 21 +management NN 23 +, , 23 +confuse VB 23 +shareholders NNS 26 +and CC 23 +prevent VB 23 +them PRP 29 +from IN 29 +accepting VBG 31 +our PRP$ 36 +superior JJ 36 +cash NN 36 +offer NN 32 +. . 6 +'' '' 6 + +A DT 2 +spokesman NN 5 +for IN 2 +Temple NNP 3 +estimated VBD 0 +that IN 5 +Sea NNP 9 +Containers NNPS 9 +' POS 10 +plan NN 19 +-- : 12 +if IN 19 +all PDT 16 +the DT 16 +asset NN 16 +sales NNS 17 +materialize VBP 12 +-- : 12 +would MD 6 +result VB 19 +in IN 20 +shareholders NNS 23 +receiving VBG 21 +only RB 28 +$ $ 28 +36 CD 28 +to TO 28 +$ $ 31 +45 CD 28 +a DT 31 +share NN 23 +in IN 31 +cash NN 32 +. . 5 + +The DT 3 +lower JJR 3 +figures NNS 9 +, , 7 +the DT 6 +spokesman NN 7 +said VBD 9 +, , 7 +would MD 0 +stem VB 9 +from IN 10 +preferred VBN 13 +shares NNS 14 +being VBG 21 +converted VBN 14 +to TO 15 +common JJ 18 +stock NN 16 +and CC 21 +the DT 21 +possibility NN 11 +that IN 21 +Sea NNP 25 +Containers NNPS 25 +' POS 26 +subsidiaries NNS 27 +might MD 22 +be VB 27 +required VBN 28 +to TO 31 +place VB 29 +their PRP$ 33 +shares NNS 31 +in IN 31 +the DT 37 +open JJ 37 +market NN 34 +. . 9 + +Temple NNP 2 +added VBD 0 +that IN 2 +Sea NNP 5 +Containers NNPS 6 +is VBZ 3 +still RB 6 +mired VBN 6 +in IN 8 +legal JJ 11 +problems NNS 9 +in IN 8 +Bermuda NNP 12 +, , 13 +where WRB 13 +the DT 18 +Supreme NNP 18 +Court NNP 19 +has VBZ 15 +temporarily RB 19 +barred VBN 19 +Sea NNP 23 +Containers NNPS 21 +from IN 21 +buying VBG 24 +back RP 25 +its PRP$ 29 +own JJ 29 +stock NN 25 +in IN 21 +a DT 32 +case NN 30 +brought VBN 32 +by IN 33 +Stena NNP 37 +and CC 37 +Tiphook NNP 34 +. . 2 + +-LCB- -LRB- 4 +The DT 3 +court NN 4 +has VBZ 0 +indicated VBN 4 +it PRP 7 +will MD 5 +rule VB 7 +on IN 8 +the DT 11 +case NN 9 +by IN 8 +the DT 14 +end NN 12 +of IN 14 +the DT 17 +month NN 15 +. . 4 +-RCB- -RRB- 4 + +Temple NNP 3 +also RB 3 +said VBD 0 +Sea NNP 6 +Containers NNPS 6 +' POS 7 +plan NN 8 +raises VBZ 3 +`` `` 8 +numerous JJ 18 +legal JJ 17 +, , 17 +regulatory JJ 17 +, , 17 +financial JJ 17 +and CC 17 +fairness NN 18 +issues NNS 8 +, , 8 +'' '' 8 +but CC 3 +did VBD 3 +n't RB 22 +elaborate VB 22 +. . 3 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Sherwood NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +reaction NN 10 +to TO 4 +Sea NNP 8 +Containers NNPS 8 +' POS 9 +proposal NN 5 +has VBZ 3 +been VBN 10 +`` `` 11 +very RB 14 +positive JJ 11 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +In IN 12 +New NNP 7 +York NNP 7 +Stock NNP 7 +Exchange NNP 7 +composite JJ 7 +trading NN 1 +yesterday NN 12 +, , 12 +Sea NNP 11 +Containers NNPS 12 +closed VBD 0 +at IN 12 +$ $ 15 +62.625 CD 13 +, , 12 +up RB 12 +62.5 CD 19 +cents NNS 17 +. . 12 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0065.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0065.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a995f09905761fa66767dd2cc791a4383cf7e93 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0065.dp @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +Consolidated NNP 3 +Rail NNP 3 +Corp. NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 6 +would MD 4 +spend VB 6 +more RBR 10 +than IN 10 +$ $ 7 +30 CD 10 +million CD 10 +on IN 7 +1,000 CD 16 +enclosed VBN 16 +railcars NNS 13 +for IN 16 +transporting VBG 17 +autos NNS 18 +. . 4 + +The DT 3 +multilevel JJ 3 +railcars NNS 11 +, , 3 +scheduled VBN 3 +for IN 5 +delivery NN 6 +in IN 7 +1990 CD 8 +, , 3 +will MD 0 +be VB 11 +made VBN 12 +by IN 13 +Thrall NNP 17 +Manufacturing NNP 17 +Co. NNP 25 +, , 25 +a DT 25 +Chicago NNP 23 +Heights NNP 23 +, , 23 +Ill. NNP 25 +, , 23 +division NN 14 +of IN 25 +closely RB 28 +held VBN 31 +Duchossois NNP 31 +Industries NNPS 31 +Inc. NNP 35 +, , 35 +Elmhurst NNP 35 +, , 35 +Ill NNP 26 +. . 11 + +This DT 2 +year NN 8 +, , 8 +the DT 7 +railroad NN 7 +holding VBG 7 +company NN 8 +acquired VBN 0 +850 CD 11 +such JJ 11 +railcars NNS 8 +. . 8 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0066.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0066.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..383d0c48604fb68f8cce3fb806b70668fc25bd1c --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0066.dp @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +Sir NNP 3 +Peter NNP 3 +Walters NNP 6 +, , 6 +58-year-old JJ 6 +chairman NN 15 +of IN 6 +British NNP 10 +Petroleum NNP 10 +Co. NNP 7 +until IN 6 +next JJ 13 +March NNP 11 +, , 6 +joins VBZ 0 +the DT 17 +board NN 15 +of IN 17 +this DT 22 +cement NN 22 +products NNS 22 +company NN 18 +on IN 15 +Dec. NNP 23 +1 CD 24 +. . 15 + +Sir NNP 2 +Peter NNP 3 +will MD 0 +succeed VB 3 +Sir NNP 7 +John NNP 7 +Milne NNP 9 +, , 9 +65 CD 4 +, , 9 +who WP 9 +retires VBZ 11 +as IN 12 +Blue NNP 17 +Circle NNP 17 +nonexecutive JJ 17 +chairman NN 13 +on IN 12 +June NNP 18 +1 CD 19 +. . 3 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0068.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0068.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a55c6b5a8631820b47a491fbb449d31873fb7b9e --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0068.dp @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +GOODY NNP 3 +PRODUCTS NNP 3 +Inc. NNP 4 +cut VBD 0 +its PRP$ 7 +quarterly JJ 7 +dividend NN 4 +to TO 4 +five CD 10 +cents NNS 12 +a DT 12 +share NN 8 +from IN 4 +11.5 CD 15 +cents NNS 17 +a DT 17 +share NN 13 +. . 4 + +The DT 3 +reduced VBN 3 +dividend NN 4 +is VBZ 0 +payable JJ 4 +Jan. NNP 5 +2 CD 6 +to TO 5 +stock NN 12 +of IN 12 +record NN 10 +Dec. NNP 8 +15 CD 12 +. . 4 + +The DT 5 +Kearny NNP 4 +, , 4 +N.J.-based JJ 5 +maker NN 13 +of IN 5 +hair NN 8 +accessories NNS 12 +and CC 12 +other JJ 12 +cosmetic NN 12 +products NNS 6 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 15 +cut VBD 13 +the DT 17 +dividend NN 15 +due JJ 15 +to TO 18 +its PRP$ 22 +third-quarter NN 22 +loss NN 19 +of IN 22 +$ $ 25 +992,000 CD 31 +, , 31 +or CC 31 +15 CD 29 +cents NNS 31 +a DT 31 +share NN 23 +. . 13 + +In IN 8 +the DT 4 +year-ago JJ 4 +quarter NN 1 +, , 8 +the DT 7 +company NN 8 +reported VBD 0 +net JJ 10 +income NN 8 +of IN 10 +$ $ 20 +1.9 CD 12 +million CD 12 +, , 20 +or CC 20 +29 CD 18 +cents NNS 20 +a DT 20 +share NN 11 +. . 8 + +The DT 2 +company NN 4 +also RB 4 +adopted VBD 0 +an DT 7 +anti-takeover JJ 7 +plan NN 4 +. . 4 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0070.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0070.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2874deb4b86232fb8e336c95a7adc377b5e52162 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0070.dp @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +Rally NNP 2 +'s POS 3 +Inc. NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 6 +has VBZ 4 +redeemed VBN 6 +its PRP$ 9 +rights NNS 7 +outstanding JJ 9 +issued VBN 9 +Monday NNP 11 +in IN 11 +its PRP$ 17 +shareholder NN 17 +rights NNS 17 +plan NN 13 +. . 4 + +The DT 2 +company NN 3 +said VBD 0 +holders NNS 11 +of IN 4 +stock NN 9 +of IN 9 +record NN 7 +Nov. NNP 5 +10 CD 9 +will MD 3 +receive VB 11 +1\/10th NN 18 +of IN 13 +one CD 16 +cent NN 14 +a DT 18 +share NN 12 +as IN 12 +the DT 22 +redemption NN 22 +payment NN 19 +. . 3 + +The DT 3 +fast-food NN 3 +company NN 4 +said VBD 0 +its PRP$ 6 +decision NN 7 +was VBD 4 +based VBN 7 +upon IN 8 +discussions NNS 9 +with IN 10 +a DT 14 +shareholder NN 14 +group NN 18 +, , 18 +Giant NNP 18 +Group NNP 18 +Ltd. NNP 11 +, , 18 +`` `` 8 +in IN 8 +an DT 23 +effort NN 21 +to TO 25 +resolve VB 23 +certain JJ 27 +disputes NNS 25 +with IN 27 +the DT 30 +company NN 28 +. . 4 +'' '' 4 + +Giant NNP 2 +Group NNP 3 +is VBZ 0 +led VBN 3 +by IN 4 +three CD 9 +Rally NNP 8 +'s POS 9 +directors NNS 22 +, , 22 +Burt NNP 12 +Sugarman NNP 22 +, , 22 +James NNP 17 +M. NNP 17 +Trotter NNP 17 +III NNP 22 +and CC 22 +William NNP 22 +E. NNP 22 +Trotter NNP 22 +II NNP 5 +, , 22 +who WP 22 +last JJ 26 +month NN 27 +indicated VBD 24 +they PRP 29 +hold VBP 27 +a DT 33 +42.5 CD 32 +% NN 33 +stake NN 29 +in IN 33 +Rally NNP 36 +'s POS 34 +and CC 29 +plan VBP 29 +to TO 40 +seek VB 38 +a DT 42 +majority NN 40 +of IN 42 +seats NNS 43 +on IN 42 +Rally NNP 47 +'s POS 49 +nine-member JJ 49 +board NN 45 +. . 3 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0072.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0072.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..776779cd63658b24256e74e0d6e3f0e9dc09e52f --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0072.dp @@ -0,0 +1,531 @@ +Signs NNS 6 +of IN 1 +a DT 5 +slowing VBG 5 +economy NN 2 +are VBP 21 +increasing VBG 6 +pressure NN 7 +on IN 8 +the DT 12 +Federal NNP 12 +Reserve NNP 9 +to TO 14 +cut VB 8 +short-term JJ 17 +interest NN 17 +rates NNS 14 +, , 21 +but CC 21 +it PRP 21 +is VBZ 0 +n't RB 21 +clear JJ 21 +whether IN 21 +the DT 27 +central JJ 27 +bank NN 28 +will MD 24 +do VB 28 +so RB 29 +. . 21 + +A DT 2 +survey NN 10 +by IN 2 +the DT 6 +Fed NNP 6 +'s POS 9 +12 CD 9 +district NN 9 +banks NNS 3 +shows VBZ 0 +economic JJ 12 +growth NN 13 +has VBZ 10 +been VBN 13 +sluggish JJ 14 +in IN 14 +recent JJ 18 +weeks NNS 16 +, , 14 +while IN 14 +upward JJ 22 +pressures NNS 25 +on IN 22 +prices NNS 23 +have VBP 20 +moderated VBN 25 +. . 10 + +`` `` 9 +The DT 3 +economy NN 4 +is VBZ 9 +clearly RB 4 +slowing VBG 4 +, , 9 +'' '' 9 +says VBZ 0 +Robert NNP 11 +Black NNP 13 +, , 13 +president NN 9 +of IN 13 +the DT 19 +Richmond NNP 19 +Federal NNP 19 +Reserve NNP 19 +Bank NNP 14 +. . 9 + +`` `` 27 +If IN 17 +you PRP 4 +look VBP 2 +at IN 4 +the DT 8 +third JJ 8 +quarter NN 5 +as IN 4 +posting VBG 9 +roughly RB 14 +2.5 CD 11 +% NN 11 +growth NN 10 +, , 17 +I PRP 17 +do VBP 27 +see VB 17 +some DT 20 +slowing NN 18 +in IN 20 +the DT 24 +fourth JJ 24 +quarter NN 21 +, , 27 +'' '' 27 +agrees VBZ 0 +Kansas NNP 33 +City NNP 33 +Fed NNP 33 +President NNP 33 +Roger NNP 33 +Guffey NNP 27 +. . 27 + +Nevertheless RB 9 +, , 9 +both DT 8 +Mr. NNP 5 +Guffey NNP 8 +and CC 8 +Mr. NNP 8 +Black NNP 9 +say VBP 0 +the DT 11 +slowdown NN 14 +so RB 14 +far RB 12 +is VBZ 9 +no DT 16 +cause NN 14 +for IN 16 +concern NN 17 +. . 9 + +`` `` 29 +We PRP 3 +'re VBP 29 +coming VBG 3 +closer RBR 4 +to TO 5 +achieving VBG 6 +the DT 10 +stated VBN 10 +objective NN 7 +of IN 10 +slowing VBG 11 +the DT 14 +economy NN 12 +to TO 12 +a DT 17 +point NN 15 +where WRB 17 +hopefully RB 25 +some DT 22 +downward JJ 22 +trend NN 25 +in IN 22 +prices NNS 23 +will MD 18 +occur VB 25 +, , 29 +'' '' 29 +said VBD 0 +Mr. NNP 31 +Guffey NNP 29 +. . 29 + +Bush NNP 3 +administration NN 3 +officials NNS 4 +are VBP 17 +looking VBG 4 +to TO 5 +the DT 8 +Fed NNP 6 +to TO 10 +bring VB 5 +down RP 10 +rates NNS 10 +, , 17 +and CC 17 +financial JJ 16 +markets NNS 17 +seem VBP 0 +to TO 19 +be VB 17 +expecting VBG 19 +easier JJR 22 +credit NN 20 +as RB 20 +well RB 23 +. . 17 + +`` `` 25 +I PRP 3 +think VBP 25 +the DT 5 +market NN 6 +had VBD 3 +been VBN 6 +expecting VBG 7 +the DT 10 +Fed NNP 12 +to TO 12 +ease VB 8 +sooner RBR 12 +and CC 13 +a DT 16 +little RB 17 +more RBR 13 +than IN 17 +it PRP 20 +has VBZ 18 +to TO 20 +date NN 21 +, , 25 +'' '' 25 +said VBD 0 +Robert NNP 27 +Johnson NNP 30 +, , 30 +vice NN 30 +president NN 25 +of IN 30 +global JJ 33 +markets NNS 31 +for IN 30 +Bankers NNP 37 +Trust NNP 37 +Co NNP 34 +. . 25 + +The DT 2 +Fed NNP 3 +cut VBD 0 +the DT 9 +key JJ 9 +federal JJ 9 +funds NNS 9 +interest NN 9 +rate NN 3 +by IN 3 +about RB 14 +0.25 CD 11 +percentage NN 14 +point NN 10 +to TO 3 +8.75 CD 17 +% NN 15 +after IN 3 +the DT 24 +Oct. NNP 24 +13 CD 24 +stock NN 24 +market NN 24 +plunge NN 18 +, , 3 +but CC 3 +has VBZ 3 +shown VBN 27 +no DT 30 +sign NN 28 +of IN 30 +movement NN 31 +since IN 28 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +report NN 6 +from IN 2 +the DT 5 +Fed NNP 3 +found VBD 0 +that IN 6 +manufacturing NN 13 +, , 10 +in IN 13 +particular JJ 10 +, , 10 +has VBZ 7 +been VBN 13 +weak JJ 14 +in IN 14 +recent JJ 18 +weeks NNS 16 +. . 6 + +The DT 3 +Philadelphia NNP 3 +Fed NNP 8 +, , 5 +for IN 8 +instance NN 5 +, , 5 +reported VBD 0 +that IN 8 +manufacturing NN 11 +activity NN 13 +`` `` 13 +continues VBZ 9 +to TO 15 +decline VB 13 +'' '' 13 +for IN 13 +the DT 20 +fourth JJ 20 +month NN 17 +in IN 20 +a DT 23 +row NN 21 +. . 8 + +And CC 17 +in IN 17 +the DT 5 +Chicago NNP 5 +district NN 2 +, , 9 +the DT 8 +report NN 9 +said VBD 17 +, , 9 +`` `` 17 +a DT 13 +manufacturer NN 17 +of IN 13 +capital NN 16 +goods NNS 14 +noted VBD 0 +slower JJR 19 +orders NNS 17 +for IN 19 +some DT 22 +types NNS 20 +, , 22 +including VBG 22 +defense NN 26 +equipment NN 37 +, , 37 +petroleum NN 29 +equipment NN 37 +, , 37 +food NN 33 +packaging NN 33 +machinery NN 37 +and CC 37 +material NN 37 +handling NN 37 +equipment NN 24 +. . 17 +'' '' 17 + +Retail JJ 2 +sales NNS 4 +also RB 4 +were VBD 0 +reported VBN 4 +slow RB 5 +in IN 5 +most JJS 9 +districts NNS 7 +, , 5 +particularly RB 13 +`` `` 13 +for IN 5 +discretionary JJ 17 +, , 17 +big-ticket JJ 17 +items NNS 13 +such JJ 19 +as IN 17 +furniture NN 26 +, , 26 +home NN 23 +appliances NNS 26 +and CC 26 +consumer NN 26 +electronics NNS 19 +. . 4 +'' '' 4 + +And CC 4 +construction NN 4 +also RB 4 +was VBD 0 +described VBN 4 +as IN 5 +slow JJ 6 +in IN 5 +most JJS 10 +areas NNS 8 +. . 4 + +Despite IN 7 +the DT 4 +economic JJ 4 +slowdown NN 1 +, , 7 +there EX 7 +are VBP 0 +few JJ 10 +clear JJ 10 +signs NNS 7 +that IN 10 +growth NN 13 +is VBZ 11 +coming VBG 13 +to TO 14 +a DT 17 +halt NN 15 +. . 7 + +As IN 7 +a DT 3 +result NN 1 +, , 7 +Fed NNP 6 +officials NNS 7 +may MD 0 +be VB 7 +divided VBN 8 +over IN 9 +whether IN 10 +to TO 13 +ease VB 11 +credit NN 13 +. . 7 + +Several JJ 3 +Fed NNP 3 +governors NNS 6 +in IN 3 +Washington NNP 4 +have VBP 20 +been VBN 6 +pushing VBG 7 +for IN 8 +easier JJR 11 +credit NN 9 +; : 20 +but CC 20 +many JJ 20 +of IN 14 +the DT 19 +regional JJ 19 +Fed NNP 19 +presidents NNS 15 +have VBP 0 +been VBN 20 +resisting VBG 21 +such JJ 25 +a DT 25 +move NN 22 +. . 20 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Black NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +he PRP 5 +is VBZ 3 +`` `` 7 +pleased VBN 5 +'' '' 7 +with IN 7 +the DT 12 +economy NN 12 +'s POS 14 +recent JJ 14 +performance NN 9 +, , 5 +and CC 5 +does VBZ 5 +n't RB 17 +see VB 17 +`` `` 19 +a DT 22 +lot NN 19 +of IN 22 +excesses NNS 23 +out IN 26 +there RB 22 +that WDT 22 +would MD 27 +tilt VB 28 +us PRP 29 +into IN 29 +recession NN 31 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +`` `` 29 +There EX 3 +is VBZ 29 +always RB 3 +a DT 6 +chance NN 3 +of IN 6 +recession NN 7 +, , 29 +'' '' 29 +added VBD 29 +Mr. NNP 13 +Guffey NNP 11 +, , 11 +`` `` 29 +but CC 29 +if IN 29 +you PRP 19 +ask VBP 17 +me PRP 19 +to TO 22 +put VB 19 +a DT 24 +percentage NN 22 +on IN 22 +it PRP 25 +, , 29 +I PRP 29 +would MD 0 +think VB 29 +it PRP 32 +'s VBZ 30 +well RB 34 +below IN 32 +a DT 38 +50 CD 37 +% NN 38 +chance NN 34 +. . 29 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0073.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0073.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..569ee76ec31125fa812bfc61c16ed9713cd4ec13 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0073.dp @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +Integra-A NNP 5 +Hotel NNP 5 +& CC 5 +Restaurant NNP 5 +Co. NNP 6 +said VBD 23 +its PRP$ 10 +planned VBN 10 +rights NNS 10 +offering NN 17 +to TO 12 +raise VB 10 +about RB 14 +$ $ 12 +9 CD 14 +million CD 14 +was VBD 6 +declared VBN 17 +effective JJ 18 +and CC 23 +the DT 22 +company NN 23 +will MD 0 +begin VB 23 +mailing VBG 24 +materials NNS 25 +to TO 25 +shareholders NNS 27 +at IN 24 +the DT 31 +end NN 29 +of IN 31 +this DT 34 +week NN 32 +. . 23 + +Under IN 6 +the DT 3 +offer NN 1 +, , 6 +shareholders NNS 6 +will MD 0 +receive VB 6 +one CD 7 +right JJ 8 +for IN 7 +each DT 14 +105 CD 14 +common JJ 14 +shares NNS 10 +owned VBN 14 +. . 6 + +Each DT 2 +right NN 3 +entitles VBZ 0 +the DT 5 +shareholder NN 7 +to TO 7 +buy VB 3 +$ $ 9 +100 CD 11 +face NN 11 +amount NN 21 +of IN 11 +13.5 CD 14 +% NN 15 +bonds NNS 12 +due JJ 15 +1993 CD 16 +and CC 21 +warrants VBZ 21 +to TO 21 +buy VB 7 +23.5 CD 24 +common JJ 24 +shares NNS 21 +at IN 21 +30 CD 27 +cents NNS 29 +a DT 29 +share NN 25 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +rights NNS 9 +, , 2 +which WDT 2 +expire VBP 4 +Nov. NN 5 +21 CD 6 +, , 2 +can MD 0 +be VB 9 +exercised VBN 10 +for IN 11 +$ $ 14 +100 CD 12 +each DT 14 +. . 9 + +Integra NNP 9 +, , 1 +which WDT 1 +owns VBZ 3 +and CC 4 +operates VBZ 4 +hotels NNS 4 +, , 1 +said VBD 0 +that IN 9 +Hallwood NNP 13 +Group NNP 13 +Inc. NNP 14 +has VBZ 10 +agreed VBN 14 +to TO 17 +exercise VB 15 +any DT 19 +rights NNS 17 +that WDT 19 +are VBP 20 +n't RB 21 +exercised VBN 21 +by IN 23 +other JJ 26 +shareholders NNS 24 +. . 9 + +Hallwood NNP 6 +, , 6 +a DT 6 +Cleveland NNP 6 +merchant NN 6 +bank NN 8 +, , 6 +owns VBZ 0 +about RP 10 +11 CD 11 +% NN 8 +of IN 11 +Integra NNP 12 +. . 8 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0077.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0077.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cb0856269b0af177746d6f471d5c6f56522743a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0077.dp @@ -0,0 +1,338 @@ +Investors NNS 2 +took VBD 0 +advantage NN 2 +of IN 2 +Tuesday NNP 6 +'s POS 8 +stock NN 8 +rally NN 4 +to TO 10 +book VB 2 +some DT 12 +profits NNS 10 +yesterday NN 2 +, , 2 +leaving VBG 2 +stocks RB 15 +up IN 18 +fractionally RB 16 +. . 2 + +Bond NN 2 +prices NNS 5 +and CC 5 +the DT 5 +dollar NN 7 +both DT 7 +gained VBD 0 +modestly RB 7 +. . 7 + +The DT 5 +Dow NNP 5 +Jones NNP 5 +Industrial NNP 5 +Average NNP 6 +finished VBD 0 +less JJR 11 +than IN 7 +a DT 10 +point NN 8 +higher RBR 6 +to TO 13 +close VB 6 +at IN 13 +2645.90 CD 14 +in IN 13 +moderate JJ 16 +trading VBG 17 +. . 6 + +But CC 10 +advancing VBG 3 +issues NNS 10 +on IN 3 +the DT 9 +New NNP 9 +York NNP 9 +Stock NNP 9 +Exchange NNP 4 +were VBD 0 +tidily RB 18 +ahead RB 18 +of IN 18 +declining VBG 15 +stocks NNS 13 +, , 18 +847 CD 18 +to TO 10 +644 CD 18 +. . 10 + +Long-term JJ 3 +bond NN 3 +prices NNS 4 +rose VBD 0 +despite IN 4 +prospects NNS 5 +of IN 6 +a DT 11 +huge JJ 11 +new JJ 11 +supply NN 16 +of IN 16 +Treasury NNP 14 +debt NN 12 +this DT 16 +month NN 7 +. . 4 + +Continuing VBG 2 +demand NN 8 +for IN 2 +dollars NNS 3 +from IN 2 +Japanese JJ 7 +investors NNS 5 +boosted VBD 0 +the DT 11 +U.S. NNP 11 +currency NN 8 +. . 8 + +Analysts NNS 2 +were VBD 0 +disappointed VBN 2 +that IN 3 +the DT 6 +enthusiasm NN 25 +investors NNS 8 +showed VBD 6 +for IN 8 +stocks NNS 9 +in IN 8 +the DT 13 +wake NN 11 +of IN 13 +Georgia-Pacific NNP 16 +'s POS 20 +$ $ 20 +3.18 CD 17 +billion CD 17 +bid NN 14 +for IN 20 +Great JJ 24 +Northern NNP 24 +Nekoosa NNP 21 +evaporated VBD 4 +so RB 25 +quickly RB 26 +. . 2 + +The DT 3 +industrial JJ 3 +average NN 4 +jumped VBD 0 +more RBR 6 +than IN 8 +41 CD 6 +points NNS 4 +Tuesday NNP 4 +as IN 4 +speculators NNS 12 +rushed VBD 10 +to TO 14 +buy VB 12 +shares NNS 14 +of IN 15 +potential JJ 19 +takeover NN 19 +targets NNS 16 +. . 4 + +But CC 13 +with IN 13 +the DT 4 +end NN 2 +of IN 4 +the DT 7 +year NN 5 +in IN 4 +sight NN 8 +, , 13 +money NN 12 +managers NNS 13 +are VBP 0 +eager JJ 13 +to TO 16 +take VB 14 +profits NNS 16 +and CC 16 +cut VB 16 +their PRP$ 21 +risks NNS 19 +of IN 21 +losing VBG 22 +what WP 23 +for IN 27 +many JJ 25 +have VBP 24 +been VBN 27 +exceptionally RB 30 +good JJ 31 +returns NNS 28 +in IN 31 + +Economic JJ 2 +news NN 3 +had VBD 0 +little JJ 5 +effect NN 3 +on IN 5 +financial JJ 8 +markets NNS 6 +. . 3 + +As IN 10 +expected VBN 1 +, , 10 +a DT 8 +national JJ 8 +purchasing NN 8 +managers NNS 8 +' POS 9 +report NN 10 +indicated VBD 0 +the DT 13 +nation NN 13 +'s POS 15 +manufacturing NN 15 +sector NN 16 +continues VBZ 10 +to TO 18 +contract VB 16 +modestly RB 18 +. . 10 + +The DT 4 +Federal NNP 4 +Reserve NNP 4 +'s POS 6 +Beige NNP 6 +Book NNP 9 +, , 9 +a DT 9 +summary NN 17 +of IN 9 +economic JJ 12 +conditions NNS 10 +across IN 12 +the DT 15 +country NN 13 +, , 9 +indicated VBD 0 +that IN 17 +the DT 21 +overall JJ 21 +economy NN 22 +remains VBZ 18 +in IN 22 +a DT 25 +pattern NN 23 +of IN 25 +sluggish JJ 28 +growth NN 26 +. . 17 + +In IN 0 +major JJ 4 +market NN 4 +activity NN 1 +: : 1 + +Stock NN 2 +prices NNS 3 +rose VBD 0 +fractionally RB 3 +in IN 3 +moderate JJ 5 +trading VBG 6 +. . 3 + +Big NNP 3 +Board NNP 3 +volume NN 4 +totaled VBD 0 +154.2 CD 6 +million CD 7 +shares NNS 4 +. . 4 + +Bond NN 2 +prices NNS 3 +were VBD 0 +up RB 3 +. . 3 + +The DT 3 +Treasury NNP 3 +'s POS 6 +benchmark NN 6 +30-year JJ 6 +bond NN 7 +gained VBD 0 +about RB 10 +a DT 10 +quarter NN 17 +of IN 10 +a DT 13 +point NN 11 +, , 17 +or CC 17 +$ $ 17 +2.50 CD 7 +for IN 17 +each DT 21 +$ $ 21 +1,000 CD 18 +of IN 21 +face NN 24 +amount NN 22 +. . 7 + +The DT 2 +yield NN 3 +fell VBD 0 +to TO 3 +7.88 CD 6 +% NN 4 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +dollar NN 3 +rose VBD 0 +. . 3 + +In IN 9 +late JJ 5 +afternoon NN 5 +New NNP 5 +York NNP 1 +trading VBG 5 +the DT 8 +currency NN 9 +was VBD 0 +at IN 9 +1.8500 CD 12 +marks NNS 15 +and CC 15 +143.80 CD 15 +yen NN 10 +compared VBN 9 +with IN 16 +1.8415 CD 19 +marks NNS 22 +and CC 22 +142.85 CD 22 +yen NN 17 +. . 9 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0079.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0079.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98363eb2535ce599e300c78ebee5443f38c6d70b --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0079.dp @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +Eaton NNP 2 +Corp. NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 5 +sold VBD 3 +its PRP$ 11 +Pacific NNP 11 +Sierra NNP 11 +Research NNP 11 +Corp. NNP 11 +unit NN 5 +to TO 5 +a DT 14 +company NN 12 +formed VBN 14 +by IN 15 +employees NNS 16 +of IN 17 +that DT 20 +unit NN 18 +. . 3 + +Terms NNS 2 +were VBD 0 +n't RB 2 +disclosed VBN 2 +. . 2 + +Pacific NNP 2 +Sierra NNP 9 +, , 2 +based VBN 2 +in IN 4 +Los NNP 7 +Angeles NNP 5 +, , 2 +has VBZ 0 +about RB 12 +200 CD 10 +employees NNS 9 +and CC 9 +supplies VBZ 9 +professional JJ 16 +services NNS 19 +and CC 19 +advanced JJ 19 +products NNS 14 +to TO 14 +industry NN 20 +. . 9 + +Eaton NNP 2 +is VBZ 0 +an DT 11 +automotive JJ 11 +parts NNS 11 +, , 11 +controls NNS 11 +and CC 11 +aerospace NN 11 +electronics NNS 11 +concern NN 2 +. . 2 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0086.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0086.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..161a8279e44457a05d0b9156be2624927b789e6a --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0086.dp @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +SHAREDATA NNP 2 +Inc. NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 5 +will MD 3 +amend VB 5 +a DT 9 +registration NN 9 +statement NN 6 +filed VBN 9 +with IN 10 +the DT 16 +Securities NNP 16 +and CC 16 +Exchange NNP 16 +Commission NNP 11 +to TO 18 +delete VB 6 +a DT 20 +plan NN 18 +to TO 22 +sell VB 20 +500,000 CD 27 +newly RB 25 +issued VBN 27 +common JJ 27 +shares NNS 22 +. . 3 + +The DT 6 +Chandler NNP 4 +, , 4 +Ariz. NNP 6 +, , 4 +company NN 7 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 9 +will MD 7 +resubmit VB 9 +the DT 12 +registration NN 10 +to TO 14 +cover VB 12 +only RB 19 +the DT 19 +2.3 CD 18 +million CD 19 +warrants NNS 21 +, , 21 +each DT 14 +exercisable JJ 21 +for IN 22 +the DT 25 +purchase NN 23 +of IN 25 +one CD 29 +common JJ 29 +share NN 26 +. . 7 + +Currently NNP 4 +, , 4 +ShareData NNP 4 +has VBZ 0 +about RB 9 +4.1 CD 5 +million CD 5 +common JJ 9 +shares NNS 4 +outstanding JJ 9 +. . 4 + +ShareData NNP 2 +develops VBZ 0 +and CC 2 +markets VBZ 2 +low-cost JJ 11 +software NN 11 +, , 11 +peripheral JJ 9 +equipment NN 11 +and CC 11 +accessories NNS 2 +for IN 11 +computers NNS 12 +. . 2 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0087.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0087.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94d73e7821cc1fb8a51a6cfada4fb95edcbb0dc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0087.dp @@ -0,0 +1,392 @@ +Five CD 2 +things NNS 0 +you PRP 4 +can MD 2 +do VB 4 +for IN 5 +$ $ 8 +15,000 CD 6 +or CC 10 +less JJR 8 +: : 2 + +1 LS 3 +. . 1 +Buy VB 0 +a DT 6 +new JJ 6 +Chevrolet NNP 3 +. . 3 + +2 LS 3 +. . 1 +Take VB 0 +a DT 6 +Hawaiian JJ 6 +vacation NN 3 +. . 3 + +3 LS 3 +. . 1 +Send VB 0 +your PRP$ 5 +child NN 3 +to TO 3 +a DT 8 +university NN 6 +. . 3 + +4 LS 3 +. . 1 +Buy VB 0 +a DT 6 +diamond NN 6 +necklace NN 3 +. . 3 + +5 LS 3 +. . 1 +Make VB 0 +a DT 6 +lasting JJ 6 +difference NN 3 +in IN 6 +the DT 10 +regulatory JJ 10 +life NN 7 +of IN 10 +an DT 15 +American JJ 15 +savings-and-loan JJ 15 +association NN 11 +through IN 3 +the DT 21 +Foster NNP 21 +Corporate NNP 21 +Parents NNP 21 +Plan NNP 16 +. . 3 + +Americans NNS 3 +today NN 3 +spend VBP 11 +$ $ 5 +15,000 CD 3 +like IN 3 +pocket NN 8 +change NN 6 +-- : 11 +they PRP 11 +do VBP 0 +n't RB 11 +think VB 11 +much JJ 13 +about IN 13 +it PRP 15 +. . 11 + +But CC 13 +for IN 13 +an DT 6 +ailing VBG 6 +savings-and-loan JJ 6 +association NN 2 +-- : 8 +teetering VBG 6 +on IN 8 +insolvency NN 9 +-- : 8 +it PRP 13 +can MD 0 +lead VB 13 +to TO 14 +safety NN 15 +from IN 16 +imminent JJ 19 +demise NN 17 +and CC 15 +to TO 15 +a DT 23 +future NN 21 +full JJ 23 +of IN 24 +promise NN 25 +. . 13 + +Your PRP$ 3 +$ $ 3 +15,000 CD 4 +will MD 0 +help VB 4 +keep VB 5 +a DT 11 +needy JJ 11 +savings NNS 11 +and CC 11 +loan NN 12 +solvent JJ 6 +-- : 12 +and CC 12 +out IN 12 +of IN 15 +the DT 20 +federal JJ 20 +budget NN 20 +deficit NN 16 +. . 4 + +As IN 8 +a DT 5 +Foster NNP 5 +Corporate NNP 5 +Parent NNP 1 +, , 8 +you PRP 8 +'ll MD 0 +be VB 8 +helping VBG 9 +a DT 13 +neighborhood NN 13 +S&L NN 10 +in IN 10 +areas NNS 14 +crucial JJ 15 +to TO 16 +its PRP$ 19 +survival NN 17 +. . 8 + +Like IN 0 +healthy JJ 4 +regulatory JJ 4 +capital NN 1 +. . 1 + +A DT 4 +steady JJ 4 +deposit NN 4 +base NN 0 +. . 4 + +Performing VBG 2 +loans NNS 0 +. . 2 + +At IN 7 +the DT 4 +same JJ 4 +time NN 1 +, , 7 +you PRP 7 +'ll MD 0 +give VB 7 +your PRP$ 12 +Foster NNP 12 +Savings NNP 12 +Institution NNP 8 +the DT 14 +gift NN 18 +of IN 14 +hope NN 15 +and CC 18 +freedom NN 8 +from IN 18 +the DT 22 +federal JJ 22 +regulators NNS 19 +who WP 22 +want VBP 23 +to TO 26 +close VB 24 +its PRP$ 28 +doors NNS 26 +-- : 26 +for IN 26 +good NN 30 +. . 7 + +As IN 8 +a DT 5 +Foster NNP 5 +Corporate NNP 5 +Parent NNP 1 +, , 8 +you PRP 8 +will MD 0 +experience VB 8 +the DT 12 +same JJ 12 +joy NN 9 +felt VBD 12 +by IN 13 +Robert NNP 16 +Bass NNP 24 +, , 24 +Lewis NNP 19 +Ranieri NNP 24 +, , 24 +William NNP 22 +Simon NNP 24 +and CC 24 +others NNS 14 +, , 24 +who WP 24 +find VBP 26 +ways NNS 27 +to TO 30 +help VB 28 +troubled VBN 33 +savings NNS 33 +institutions NNS 36 +and CC 36 +their PRP$ 36 +employees NNS 37 +help VB 30 +themselves PRP 37 +. . 8 + +That DT 2 +builds VBZ 0 +confidence NN 14 +, , 14 +self NN 6 +sufficiency NN 14 +, , 14 +not RB 14 +to TO 8 +mention VB 8 +critical JJ 14 +regulatory JJ 14 +net NN 14 +worth NN 2 +. . 2 + +Do VBP 8 +n't RB 1 +wait VB 1 +-- : 8 +a DT 7 +savings NNS 7 +institution NN 8 +needs VBZ 0 +your PRP$ 10 +help NN 8 +now RB 8 +! . 8 + +Every DT 2 +day NN 18 +you PRP 4 +delay VBP 2 +, , 18 +a DT 9 +savings NN 9 +institution NN 9 +'s POS 10 +health NN 18 +-- : 16 +and CC 16 +the DT 16 +federal JJ 16 +budget NN 16 +deficit NN 10 +-- : 16 +grows VBZ 0 +worse JJR 18 +. . 18 + +Think VB 0 +about IN 1 +the DT 4 +good NN 2 +you PRP 6 +can MD 4 +do VB 6 +for IN 7 +just RB 10 +$ $ 13 +15,000 CD 10 +a DT 13 +month NN 17 +, , 17 +about RB 17 +the DT 17 +cost NN 8 +of IN 17 +a DT 21 +mid-size JJ 21 +Chevrolet NNP 24 +or CC 24 +two CD 24 +semesters NNS 18 +at IN 24 +a DT 28 +state NN 28 +university NN 25 +. . 1 + +Then RB 2 +send VB 0 +your PRP$ 4 +support NN 2 +to TO 2 +a DT 8 +savings NN 8 +institution NN 5 +that WDT 8 +has VBZ 9 +taken VBN 10 +a DT 14 +bad JJ 14 +rap NN 11 +in IN 11 +the DT 17 +press NN 15 +and CC 15 +on IN 15 +its PRP$ 22 +bottom JJ 22 +line NN 19 +. . 2 + +Every DT 3 +$ $ 3 +15,000 CD 6 +you PRP 5 +send VBP 3 +will MD 0 +go VB 6 +a DT 10 +long JJ 10 +way NN 7 +to TO 12 +boost VB 7 +sagging VBG 18 +net JJ 15 +worth NN 18 +and CC 18 +employee NN 18 +morale NN 12 +-- : 12 +and CC 12 +keep VB 12 +your PRP$ 25 +Foster NNP 25 +Savings NNP 25 +Institution NNP 21 +off IN 21 +the DT 30 +federal JJ 30 +budget NN 30 +deficit NN 26 +! . 6 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Baris NNP 3 +is VBZ 0 +a DT 5 +lawyer NN 3 +in IN 5 +New NNP 8 +York NNP 6 +. . 3 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0089.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0089.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8275ac873ca8706b92b034ed5190fed99af6948e --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0089.dp @@ -0,0 +1,1727 @@ +The DT 2 +art NN 5 +of IN 2 +change-ringing NN 3 +is VBZ 0 +peculiar JJ 18 +to TO 6 +the DT 9 +English NNS 7 +, , 18 +and CC 18 +, , 18 +like IN 18 +most JJS 16 +English JJ 16 +peculiarities NNS 13 +, , 18 +unintelligible JJ 5 +to TO 18 +the DT 21 +rest NN 19 +of IN 21 +the DT 24 +world NN 22 +. . 5 + +-- : 9 +Dorothy NNP 4 +L. NNP 4 +Sayers NNP 9 +, , 9 +`` `` 9 +The DT 9 +Nine CD 9 +Tailors NNP 0 +'' '' 9 + +ASLACTON NNP 3 +, , 3 +England NNP 0 + +-- : 21 +Of IN 11 +all DT 4 +scenes NNS 2 +that WDT 4 +evoke VBP 5 +rural JJ 8 +England NNP 6 +, , 11 +this DT 11 +is VBZ 21 +one CD 11 +of IN 12 +the DT 15 +loveliest JJS 13 +: : 21 +An DT 20 +ancient JJ 20 +stone NN 20 +church NN 21 +stands VBZ 0 +amid IN 21 +the DT 24 +fields NNS 22 +, , 21 +the DT 27 +sound NN 30 +of IN 27 +bells NNS 28 +cascading VBG 21 +from IN 30 +its PRP$ 33 +tower NN 31 +, , 30 +calling VBG 30 +the DT 37 +faithful NN 35 +to TO 35 +evensong NN 38 +. . 21 + +The DT 2 +parishioners NNS 9 +of IN 2 +St. NNP 5 +Michael NNP 8 +and CC 8 +All DT 8 +Angels NNPS 3 +stop VBP 0 +to TO 11 +chat VB 9 +at IN 9 +the DT 15 +church NN 15 +door NN 12 +, , 9 +as IN 9 +members NNS 21 +here RB 18 +always RB 21 +have VBP 17 +. . 9 + +In IN 9 +the DT 3 +tower NN 1 +, , 9 +five CD 8 +men NNS 8 +and CC 8 +women NNS 9 +pull VBP 0 +rhythmically RB 9 +on IN 9 +ropes NNS 11 +attached VBN 12 +to TO 13 +the DT 18 +same JJ 18 +five CD 18 +bells NNS 14 +that WDT 18 +first RB 21 +sounded VBD 19 +here RB 21 +in IN 21 +1614 CD 23 +. . 9 + +But CC 3 +there EX 3 +is VBZ 0 +also RB 3 +a DT 9 +discordant JJ 9 +, , 9 +modern JJ 9 +note NN 3 +in IN 3 +Aslacton NNP 10 +, , 3 +though IN 3 +it PRP 15 +ca MD 13 +n't RB 15 +be VB 15 +heard VBN 17 +by IN 18 +the DT 21 +church-goers NNS 19 +enjoying VBG 21 +the DT 24 +peal NN 22 +of IN 24 +bells NNS 25 +this DT 30 +cool JJ 30 +autumn NN 30 +evening NN 22 +. . 3 + +Like IN 18 +most JJS 1 +of IN 2 +the DT 7 +other JJ 7 +6,000 CD 7 +churches NNS 3 +in IN 7 +Britain NNP 8 +with IN 7 +sets NNS 10 +of IN 11 +bells NNS 12 +, , 18 +St. NNP 16 +Michael NNP 18 +once RB 18 +had VBD 0 +its PRP$ 22 +own JJ 22 +`` `` 22 +band NN 18 +'' '' 22 +of IN 22 +ringers NNS 24 +, , 22 +who WP 22 +would MD 27 +herald VB 28 +every DT 35 +Sunday NNP 35 +morning NN 35 +and CC 35 +evening NN 35 +service NN 29 +. . 18 + +Now RB 7 +, , 7 +only RB 6 +one CD 3 +local JJ 6 +ringer NN 7 +remains VBZ 0 +: : 7 +64-year-old JJ 11 +Derek NNP 11 +Hammond NNP 7 +. . 7 + +The DT 2 +others NNS 5 +here RB 2 +today NN 5 +live VBP 0 +elsewhere RB 5 +. . 5 + +They PRP 2 +belong VBP 0 +to TO 2 +a DT 5 +group NN 3 +of IN 5 +15 CD 8 +ringers NNS 6 +-- : 5 +including VBG 5 +two CD 12 +octogenarians NNS 15 +and CC 15 +four CD 15 +youngsters NNS 10 +in IN 15 +training NN 16 +-- : 5 +who WP 5 +drive VBP 19 +every DT 22 +Sunday NNP 20 +from IN 20 +church NN 23 +to TO 23 +church NN 25 +in IN 20 +a DT 30 +sometimes-exhausting JJ 30 +effort NN 27 +to TO 32 +keep VB 30 +the DT 34 +bells NNS 35 +sounding VBG 32 +in IN 35 +the DT 39 +many JJ 39 +belfries NNS 36 +of IN 39 +East NNP 42 +Anglia NNP 40 +. . 2 + +`` `` 18 +To TO 3 +ring VB 13 +for IN 3 +even RB 7 +one CD 5 +service NN 4 +at IN 3 +this DT 10 +tower NN 8 +, , 13 +we PRP 13 +have VBP 18 +to TO 15 +scrape VB 13 +, , 18 +'' '' 18 +says VBZ 0 +Mr. NNP 20 +Hammond NNP 25 +, , 25 +a DT 25 +retired VBN 25 +water-authority NN 25 +worker NN 18 +. . 18 + +`` `` 22 +We PRP 3 +'ve VBP 22 +tried VBD 3 +to TO 6 +train VB 4 +the DT 8 +youngsters NNS 6 +, , 22 +but CC 22 +they PRP 12 +have VBP 22 +their PRP$ 14 +discos NNS 17 +and CC 17 +their PRP$ 17 +dances NNS 12 +, , 22 +and CC 22 +they PRP 22 +just RB 22 +drift VBP 0 +away RB 22 +. . 22 +'' '' 22 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Hammond NNP 3 +worries VBZ 0 +that IN 3 +old JJ 6 +age NN 9 +and CC 9 +the DT 9 +flightiness NN 12 +of IN 9 +youth NN 10 +will MD 4 +diminish VB 12 +the DT 15 +ranks NNS 13 +of IN 15 +the DT 20 +East JJ 19 +Anglian JJ 20 +group NN 16 +that WDT 20 +keeps VBZ 21 +the DT 25 +Aslacton NNP 25 +bells NNS 26 +pealing VBG 22 +. . 3 + +History NN 6 +, , 3 +after IN 6 +all DT 3 +, , 3 +is VBZ 0 +not RB 6 +on IN 6 +his PRP$ 10 +side NN 8 +. . 6 + +According VBG 19 +to TO 1 +a DT 5 +nationwide JJ 5 +survey NN 2 +taken VBN 5 +a DT 8 +year NN 9 +ago RB 6 +, , 19 +nearly RB 13 +a DT 13 +third JJ 19 +of IN 13 +England NNP 16 +'s POS 18 +church NN 18 +bells NNS 14 +are VBP 0 +no RB 19 +longer RBR 20 +rung VBN 19 +on IN 22 +Sundays NNS 23 +because IN 22 +there EX 27 +is VBZ 25 +no DT 29 +one CD 27 +to TO 31 +ring VB 29 +them PRP 31 +. . 19 + +It PRP 2 +is VBZ 0 +easy JJ 2 +to TO 5 +see VB 2 +why WRB 5 +the DT 9 +ancient JJ 9 +art NN 10 +is VBZ 6 +on IN 10 +the DT 13 +ropes NNS 11 +. . 2 + +The DT 4 +less RBR 4 +complicated JJ 4 +version NN 19 +of IN 4 +playing VBG 5 +tunes NNS 6 +on IN 6 +bells NNS 8 +, , 6 +as IN 6 +do VB 11 +the DT 14 +carillons NNS 12 +of IN 14 +continental JJ 17 +Europe NNP 15 +, , 6 +is VBZ 0 +considered VBN 19 +by IN 20 +the DT 23 +English NNP 21 +to TO 25 +be VB 20 +childish JJ 28 +, , 28 +fit JJ 25 +only RB 30 +for IN 28 +foreigners NNS 30 +. . 19 + +Change-ringing NN 5 +, , 5 +a DT 5 +mind-boggling JJ 5 +exercise NN 13 +the DT 7 +English NNP 8 +invented VBD 5 +380 CD 10 +years NNS 11 +ago RB 8 +, , 5 +requires VBZ 0 +physical JJ 15 +dexterity NN 13 +-- : 19 +some DT 18 +bells NNS 19 +weigh VBP 15 +more JJR 21 +than IN 23 +a DT 21 +ton NN 19 +-- : 19 +combined VBN 15 +with IN 25 +intense JJ 29 +mental JJ 29 +concentration NN 26 +. . 13 + +Proper JJ 3 +English JJ 3 +bells NNS 4 +are VBP 0 +started VBN 4 +off RP 5 +in IN 5 +`` `` 23 +rounds NNS 23 +, , 23 +'' '' 23 +from IN 23 +the DT 15 +highest-pitched JJ 15 +bell NN 12 +to TO 12 +the DT 18 +lowest JJS 16 +-- : 23 +a DT 23 +simple JJ 23 +descending VBG 23 +scale NN 7 +using VBG 23 +, , 26 +in IN 24 +larger JJR 28 +churches NNS 26 +, , 26 +as RB 32 +many JJ 32 +as IN 34 +12 CD 32 +bells NNS 24 +. . 4 + +Then RB 9 +, , 9 +at IN 9 +a DT 5 +signal NN 3 +, , 9 +the DT 8 +ringers NNS 9 +begin VBP 0 +varying VBG 9 +the DT 12 +order NN 10 +in IN 12 +which WDT 13 +the DT 16 +bells NNS 17 +sound VBP 13 +without IN 10 +altering VBG 18 +the DT 22 +steady JJ 22 +rhythm NN 19 +of IN 22 +the DT 25 +striking JJ 23 +. . 9 + +Each DT 5 +variation NN 5 +, , 5 +or CC 5 +change NN 7 +, , 5 +can MD 14 +occur VB 7 +only RB 8 +once RB 9 +, , 14 +the DT 13 +rules NNS 14 +state VBP 0 +. . 14 + +Ringers NNS 2 +memorize VBP 0 +patterns NNS 2 +of IN 3 +changes NNS 4 +, , 3 +known VBN 3 +as IN 7 +`` `` 8 +methods NNS 8 +, , 3 +'' '' 3 +which WDT 3 +have VBP 13 +odd-sounding JJ 16 +names NNS 14 +like IN 16 +Kent NNP 21 +Treble NNP 21 +Bob NNP 21 +Major NNP 24 +or CC 24 +Grandsire NNP 24 +Caters NNP 17 +. . 2 + +A DT 2 +series NN 8 +of IN 2 +5,000 CD 6 +or CC 6 +so RB 7 +changes NNS 3 +is VBZ 0 +a DT 11 +`` `` 11 +peal NN 8 +'' '' 11 +and CC 8 +takes VBZ 8 +about RB 17 +three CD 15 +hours NNS 14 +. . 8 + +A DT 2 +look NN 19 +at IN 2 +a DT 7 +Thursday NNP 7 +night NN 7 +practice NN 3 +at IN 7 +St. NNP 12 +Mary NNP 12 +Abbot NNP 12 +church NN 8 +in IN 12 +the DT 16 +Kensington NNP 16 +district NN 13 +of IN 16 +London NNP 17 +gives VBZ 0 +an DT 21 +idea NN 19 +of IN 21 +the DT 24 +work NN 22 +involved VBN 24 +. . 19 + +Ten CD 3 +shirt-sleeved JJ 3 +ringers NNS 4 +stand VBP 0 +in IN 4 +a DT 7 +circle NN 5 +, , 4 +one CD 10 +foot NN 4 +ahead RB 10 +of IN 11 +the DT 14 +other JJ 12 +in IN 10 +a DT 18 +prize-fighter NN 18 +'s POS 19 +stance NN 15 +, , 4 +each DT 22 +pulling VBG 4 +a DT 24 +rope NN 22 +that WDT 24 +disappears VBZ 25 +through IN 26 +a DT 30 +small JJ 30 +hole NN 27 +in IN 30 +the DT 34 +high JJ 34 +ceiling NN 31 +of IN 34 +the DT 38 +ringing NN 38 +chamber NN 35 +. . 4 + +No DT 2 +one PRP 3 +speaks VBZ 11 +, , 11 +and CC 11 +the DT 7 +snaking VBG 11 +of IN 7 +the DT 10 +ropes NNS 8 +seems VBZ 0 +to TO 13 +make VB 11 +as IN 16 +much JJ 16 +sound NN 13 +as IN 16 +the DT 19 +bells NNS 20 +themselves PRP 22 +, , 22 +muffled VBN 17 +by IN 22 +the DT 25 +ceiling NN 23 +. . 11 + +Totally RB 2 +absorbed VBN 6 +, , 6 +the DT 5 +ringers NNS 6 +stare VBP 0 +straight RB 6 +ahead RB 7 +, , 6 +using VBG 6 +peripheral JJ 12 +vision NN 10 +-LRB- -LRB- 15 +they PRP 15 +call VBP 12 +it PRP 18 +`` `` 18 +rope-sight NN 15 +'' '' 18 +-RRB- -RRB- 15 +to TO 22 +watch VB 10 +the DT 25 +other JJ 25 +ropes NNS 22 +and CC 22 +thus RB 22 +time VB 22 +their PRP$ 30 +pulls NNS 28 +. . 6 + +Far RB 16 +above RB 1 +in IN 16 +the DT 5 +belfry NN 3 +, , 16 +the DT 10 +huge JJ 10 +bronze NN 10 +bells NNS 16 +, , 10 +mounted VBN 10 +on IN 12 +wheels NNS 13 +, , 10 +swing VBP 0 +madly RB 16 +through IN 16 +a DT 22 +full JJ 22 +360 CD 22 +degrees NNS 18 +, , 16 +starting VBG 16 +and CC 24 +ending VBG 24 +, , 28 +surprisingly RB 24 +, , 28 +in IN 24 +the DT 36 +inverted JJ 35 +, , 35 +or CC 35 +mouth-up JJ 36 +position NN 30 +. . 16 + +Skilled JJ 2 +ringers NNS 3 +use VBP 0 +their PRP$ 5 +wrists NNS 3 +to TO 7 +advance VB 3 +or CC 7 +retard VB 7 +the DT 12 +next JJ 12 +swing NN 7 +, , 3 +so RB 15 +that IN 3 +one CD 17 +bell NN 18 +can MD 15 +swap VB 18 +places NNS 19 +with IN 19 +another DT 21 +in IN 19 +the DT 26 +following JJ 26 +change NN 23 +. . 3 + +In IN 14 +a DT 4 +well-known JJ 4 +detective-story NN 1 +involving VBG 4 +church NN 7 +bells NNS 5 +, , 14 +English JJ 13 +novelist NN 13 +Dorothy NNP 13 +L. NNP 13 +Sayers NNP 14 +described VBD 0 +ringing VBG 14 +as IN 14 +a DT 19 +`` `` 19 +passion NN 16 +-LCB- -LRB- 21 +that DT 19 +-RCB- -RRB- 21 +finds VBZ 21 +its PRP$ 25 +satisfaction NN 23 +in IN 23 +mathematical JJ 28 +completeness NN 31 +and CC 31 +mechanical JJ 31 +perfection NN 26 +. . 14 +'' '' 14 + +Ringers NNS 6 +, , 4 +she PRP 4 +added VBD 6 +, , 4 +are VBP 0 +`` `` 6 +filled VBN 6 +with IN 8 +the DT 12 +solemn JJ 12 +intoxication NN 9 +that WDT 12 +comes VBZ 13 +of IN 14 +intricate JJ 17 +ritual NN 15 +faultlessly RB 19 +performed VBN 17 +. . 6 +'' '' 6 + +`` `` 12 +Ringing NN 3 +does VBZ 12 +become VB 3 +a DT 6 +bit NN 4 +of IN 6 +an DT 9 +obsession NN 7 +, , 12 +'' '' 12 +admits VBZ 0 +Stephanie NNP 14 +Pattenden NNP 25 +, , 25 +master NN 25 +of IN 16 +the DT 19 +band NN 17 +at IN 16 +St. NNP 23 +Mary NNP 23 +Abbot NNP 20 +and CC 25 +one CD 12 +of IN 25 +England NNP 28 +'s POS 31 +best JJS 31 +female NN 31 +ringers NNS 26 +. . 12 + +It PRP 2 +is VBZ 0 +a DT 4 +passion NN 2 +that WDT 4 +usually RB 7 +stays VBZ 5 +in IN 7 +the DT 10 +tower NN 8 +, , 7 +however RB 7 +. . 2 + +More RBR 2 +often RB 7 +than IN 2 +not RB 3 +, , 7 +ringers NNS 7 +think VBP 0 +of IN 7 +the DT 10 +church NN 8 +as IN 7 +something NN 11 +stuck VBD 12 +on IN 13 +the DT 16 +bottom NN 14 +of IN 16 +the DT 19 +belfry NN 17 +. . 7 + +When WRB 8 +their PRP$ 3 +changes NNS 4 +are VBP 1 +completed VBN 4 +, , 8 +and CC 8 +after IN 18 +they PRP 10 +have VBP 8 +worked VBN 10 +up RP 11 +a DT 14 +sweat NN 11 +, , 18 +ringers NNS 18 +often RB 18 +skip VBP 0 +off RP 18 +to TO 18 +the DT 23 +local JJ 23 +pub NN 20 +, , 18 +leaving VBG 18 +worship NN 25 +for IN 26 +others NNS 27 +below RB 28 +. . 18 + +This DT 2 +does VBZ 0 +not RB 2 +sit VB 2 +well RB 4 +with IN 4 +some DT 8 +clerics NNS 6 +. . 2 + +With IN 13 +membership NN 9 +of IN 2 +the DT 5 +Church NNP 3 +of IN 5 +England NNP 6 +steadily RB 9 +dwindling VBG 1 +, , 13 +strong-willed JJ 12 +vicars NNS 13 +are VBP 0 +pressing VBG 13 +equally RB 16 +strong-willed JJ 19 +and CC 19 +often RB 19 +non-religious JJ 20 +ringers NNS 22 +to TO 22 +attend VB 14 +services NNS 22 +. . 13 + +Two CD 2 +years NNS 3 +ago RB 17 +, , 17 +the DT 8 +Rev. NNP 8 +Jeremy NNP 8 +Hummerstone NNP 10 +, , 10 +vicar NN 17 +of IN 10 +Great NNP 13 +Torrington NNP 15 +, , 15 +Devon NNP 11 +, , 10 +got VBD 37 +so RB 19 +fed VBN 17 +up RP 19 +with IN 19 +ringers NNS 21 +who WP 22 +did VBD 23 +n't RB 24 +attend VB 24 +service NN 26 +he PRP 29 +sacked VBD 19 +the DT 32 +entire JJ 32 +band NN 29 +; : 37 +the DT 35 +ringers NNS 37 +promptly RB 37 +set VBN 0 +up RP 37 +a DT 41 +picket NN 41 +line NN 37 +in IN 37 +protest NN 42 +. . 37 + +`` `` 22 +They PRP 3 +were VBD 22 +a DT 6 +self-perpetuating JJ 6 +club NN 3 +that WDT 6 +treated VBD 7 +the DT 10 +tower NN 8 +as IN 8 +sort NN 11 +of IN 12 +a DT 16 +separate JJ 16 +premises NN 13 +, , 22 +'' '' 22 +the DT 21 +Vicar NNP 21 +Hummerstone NNP 22 +says VBZ 0 +. . 22 + +An DT 4 +entirely RB 4 +new JJ 4 +band NN 5 +rings VBZ 0 +today NN 5 +at IN 5 +Great JJ 9 +Torrington NNP 7 +, , 5 +several JJ 12 +of IN 5 +whom WP 12 +are VBP 12 +members NNS 14 +of IN 15 +the DT 18 +congregation NN 16 +. . 5 + +But CC 4 +there EX 4 +still RB 4 +are VBP 0 +n't RB 4 +enough JJ 7 +ringers NNS 4 +to TO 9 +ring VB 7 +more JJR 11 +than IN 9 +six CD 11 +of IN 11 +the DT 16 +eight CD 16 +bells NNS 13 +. . 4 + +At IN 13 +St. NNP 4 +Mary NNP 4 +'s POS 5 +Church NNP 1 +in IN 5 +Ilminster NNP 9 +, , 9 +Somerset NNP 6 +, , 13 +the DT 12 +bells NNS 13 +have VBP 0 +fallen VBN 13 +silent JJ 14 +following VBG 14 +a DT 18 +dust-up NN 16 +over IN 18 +church NN 21 +attendance NN 19 +. . 13 + +The DT 2 +vicar NN 5 +, , 5 +W.D. NNP 5 +Jones NNP 7 +, , 5 +refuses VBZ 0 +to TO 9 +talk VB 7 +about IN 9 +it PRP 10 +, , 7 +saying VBG 7 +it PRP 15 +would MD 13 +`` `` 15 +reopen VB 15 +the DT 19 +wound NN 17 +. . 7 +'' '' 7 + +But CC 11 +C.J.B. NNP 3 +Marshall NNP 5 +, , 5 +vicar NN 11 +of IN 5 +a DT 9 +nearby JJ 9 +church NN 6 +, , 5 +feels VBZ 0 +the DT 13 +fault NN 14 +is VBZ 11 +in IN 14 +the DT 17 +stairs NNS 15 +from IN 17 +the DT 21 +bell NN 21 +tower NN 18 +that WDT 17 +are VBP 22 +located VBN 23 +next JJ 24 +to TO 25 +the DT 28 +altar NN 26 +. . 11 + +`` `` 36 +So RB 16 +crunch NN 13 +, , 13 +crunch NN 13 +, , 13 +crunch NN 13 +, , 13 +bang NN 13 +, , 13 +bang NN 13 +, , 13 +bang NN 16 +-- : 16 +here RB 16 +come VBP 36 +the DT 18 +ringers NNS 16 +from IN 16 +above RB 19 +, , 16 +making VBG 16 +a DT 26 +very RB 25 +obvious JJ 26 +exit NN 22 +while IN 22 +the DT 29 +congregation NN 30 +is VBZ 27 +at IN 30 +prayer NN 31 +, , 36 +'' '' 36 +he PRP 36 +says VBZ 0 +. . 36 + +Vicar NNP 2 +Marshall NNP 3 +admits VBZ 0 +to TO 3 +mixed VBN 6 +feelings NNS 4 +about IN 6 +this DT 9 +issue NN 7 +, , 3 +since IN 3 +he PRP 13 +is VBZ 11 +both DT 20 +a DT 16 +vicar NN 20 +and CC 20 +an DT 20 +active JJ 20 +bell-ringer NN 21 +himself PRP 13 +. . 3 + +`` `` 18 +The DT 3 +sound NN 6 +of IN 3 +bells NNS 4 +is VBZ 18 +a DT 8 +net NN 6 +to TO 10 +draw VB 8 +people NNS 10 +into IN 10 +the DT 14 +church NN 12 +, , 18 +'' '' 18 +he PRP 18 +says VBZ 0 +. . 18 + +`` `` 3 +I PRP 3 +live VBP 0 +in IN 3 +hopes NNS 4 +that IN 5 +the DT 8 +ringers NNS 9 +themselves PRP 10 +will MD 6 +be VB 10 +drawn VBN 11 +into IN 12 +that DT 16 +fuller JJR 16 +life NN 13 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +The DT 3 +Central NNP 3 +Council NNP 10 +of IN 3 +Church NNP 7 +Bell NNP 7 +Ringers NNP 4 +, , 10 +a DT 10 +sort NN 17 +of IN 10 +parliament NN 11 +of IN 12 +ringing NN 15 +groups NNS 13 +, , 10 +aims VBZ 24 +to TO 19 +improve VB 17 +relations NNS 19 +with IN 20 +vicars NNS 21 +, , 24 +says VBZ 0 +John NNP 27 +C. NNP 27 +Baldwin NNP 29 +, , 29 +president NN 24 +. . 24 + +It PRP 2 +hopes VBZ 0 +to TO 4 +speak VB 2 +to TO 4 +students NNS 5 +at IN 6 +theological JJ 9 +colleges NNS 7 +about IN 4 +the DT 12 +joys NNS 10 +of IN 12 +bell NN 15 +ringing NN 13 +and CC 2 +will MD 2 +shortly RB 17 +publish VB 17 +a DT 21 +booklet NN 19 +for IN 21 +every DT 24 +vicar NN 22 +in IN 24 +the DT 27 +country NN 25 +entitled VBD 21 +, , 28 +`` `` 28 +The DT 32 +Bells NNP 28 +in IN 32 +Your PRP$ 35 +Care NNP 33 +. . 2 +'' '' 2 + +Says VBZ 0 +Mr. NNP 3 +Baldwin NNP 1 +, , 1 +`` `` 1 +We PRP 7 +recognize VBP 1 +that IN 7 +we PRP 10 +may MD 8 +no RB 10 +longer RBR 11 +have VBP 10 +as RB 17 +high JJ 17 +a DT 17 +priority NN 13 +in IN 17 +church NN 22 +life NN 22 +and CC 22 +experience NN 18 +. . 1 +'' '' 1 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Baldwin NNP 3 +is VBZ 0 +also RB 3 +attacking VBG 3 +the DT 8 +greater JJR 8 +problem NN 10 +: : 10 +lack NN 5 +of IN 10 +ringers NNS 11 +. . 3 + +One CD 2 +survey NN 3 +says VBZ 0 +that IN 3 +of IN 19 +the DT 9 +100,000 CD 9 +trained VBN 9 +bellringers NNS 12 +in IN 12 +England NNP 10 +today NN 5 +, , 19 +only RB 19 +40,000 CD 14 +of IN 14 +them PRP 16 +still RB 19 +ring VBP 4 +. . 3 + +Also RB 4 +, , 4 +ringers NNS 4 +do VBP 0 +n't RB 4 +always RB 4 +live VB 4 +where WRB 7 +the DT 10 +bells NNS 11 +need VBP 8 +to TO 13 +be VB 11 +rung VBN 13 +-- : 8 +like IN 8 +in IN 16 +small JJ 21 +, , 21 +rural JJ 21 +parishes NNS 24 +and CC 24 +inner-city NN 24 +churches NNS 17 +. . 4 + +But CC 11 +the DT 4 +council NN 4 +'s POS 5 +program NN 11 +to TO 7 +attract VB 5 +and CC 7 +train VB 7 +ringers NNS 7 +is VBZ 16 +only RB 11 +partly RB 12 +successful JJ 12 +, , 16 +says VBZ 0 +Mr. NNP 18 +Baldwin NNP 16 +. . 16 + +`` `` 23 +Right RB 6 +now RB 2 +, , 6 +we PRP 6 +'re VBP 23 +lucky JJ 6 +if IN 6 +after IN 13 +five CD 11 +years NNS 9 +we PRP 13 +keep VBP 8 +one CD 16 +new JJ 16 +ringer NN 13 +out IN 18 +of IN 16 +10 CD 18 +, , 23 +'' '' 23 +he PRP 23 +adds VBZ 0 +. . 23 + +One CD 3 +bright JJ 3 +sign NN 4 +is VBZ 26 +that IN 4 +a DT 8 +growing VBG 8 +number NN 11 +of IN 8 +women NNS 9 +have VBP 5 +entered VBN 11 +the DT 16 +once RB 15 +male-dominated JJ 16 +field NN 12 +; : 26 +more JJR 19 +than IN 26 +a DT 19 +third JJ 19 +of IN 19 +the DT 24 +ringers NNS 25 +today NN 22 +are VBP 0 +women NNS 26 +. . 26 + +They PRP 2 +are VBP 0 +n't RB 2 +accepted VBN 2 +everywhere RB 4 +, , 4 +however RB 4 +. . 2 + +The DT 4 +oldest JJS 4 +bell-ringing JJ 4 +group NN 11 +in IN 4 +the DT 7 +country NN 5 +, , 11 +the DT 11 +Ancient NNP 11 +Society NNP 20 +of IN 11 +College NNP 14 +Youths NNP 12 +, , 11 +founded VBN 11 +in IN 16 +1637 CD 17 +, , 11 +remains VBZ 0 +male-only JJ 20 +, , 20 +a DT 24 +fact NN 20 +that WDT 24 +'s VBZ 25 +particularly RB 28 +galling JJ 26 +to TO 28 +women NNS 29 +because IN 26 +the DT 33 +group NN 34 +is VBZ 31 +the DT 37 +sole JJ 37 +source NN 34 +of IN 37 +ringers NNS 38 +for IN 37 +Britain NNP 42 +'s POS 45 +most JJS 44 +prestigious JJ 45 +churches NNS 53 +, , 53 +St. NNP 49 +Paul NNP 49 +'s POS 50 +Cathedral NNP 53 +and CC 53 +Westminster NNP 53 +Abbey NNP 40 +. . 20 + +This DT 2 +being VBG 7 +Britain NNP 2 +, , 7 +no DT 6 +woman NN 7 +has VBZ 19 +filed VBN 7 +an DT 11 +equal-opportunity NN 11 +suit NN 8 +, , 19 +but CC 19 +the DT 15 +extent NN 19 +of IN 15 +the DT 18 +problem NN 16 +surfaced VBD 0 +this DT 21 +summer NN 19 +in IN 19 +a DT 24 +series NN 22 +of IN 24 +letters NNS 25 +to TO 26 +`` `` 36 +The DT 31 +Ringing NNP 31 +World NNP 36 +, , 36 +'' '' 36 +a DT 36 +weekly JJ 36 +newspaper NN 27 +for IN 36 +ringers NNS 37 +. . 19 + +One CD 2 +writer NN 15 +, , 2 +signing VBG 2 +his PRP$ 6 +letter NN 4 +as IN 4 +`` `` 7 +Red-blooded JJ 12 +, , 12 +balanced JJ 12 +male NN 7 +, , 2 +'' '' 2 +remarked VBN 0 +on IN 15 +the DT 19 +`` `` 19 +frequency NN 16 +of IN 19 +women NNS 20 +fainting VBG 21 +in IN 22 +peals NNS 23 +, , 15 +'' '' 15 +and CC 15 +suggested VBD 15 +that IN 28 +they PRP 32 +`` `` 32 +settle VB 29 +back RB 32 +into IN 32 +their PRP$ 37 +traditional JJ 37 +role NN 34 +of IN 37 +making VBG 38 +tea NN 39 +at IN 39 +meetings NNS 41 +. . 15 +'' '' 15 + +In IN 14 +the DT 3 +torrent NN 1 +of IN 3 +replies NNS 4 +that IN 3 +followed VBD 6 +, , 14 +one CD 11 +woman NN 11 +ringer NN 14 +from IN 11 +Solihull NNP 12 +observed VBN 0 +that IN 14 +`` `` 15 +the DT 20 +average JJ 20 +male JJ 20 +ringer NN 21 +leaves VBZ 15 +quite RB 24 +a DT 24 +lot NN 21 +to TO 26 +be VB 24 +desired VBN 26 +: : 21 +badly RB 30 +dressed VBN 44 +, , 44 +decorated VBN 44 +with IN 32 +acne NN 38 +and CC 38 +a DT 38 +large JJ 38 +beer-belly NN 33 +, , 44 +frequently RB 41 +unwashed JJ 44 +and CC 44 +unbearably RB 44 +flatulent JJ 21 +in IN 44 +peals NNS 45 +. . 14 +'' '' 14 + +Another DT 2 +women NNS 3 +wrote VBD 0 +from IN 3 +Sheffield NNP 4 +to TO 7 +say VB 3 +that IN 7 +in IN 18 +her PRP$ 12 +60 CD 12 +years NNS 9 +of IN 12 +ringing VBG 13 +, , 18 +`` `` 18 +I PRP 18 +have VBP 8 +never RB 18 +known VBN 18 +a DT 22 +lady NN 24 +to TO 24 +faint VB 20 +in IN 24 +the DT 27 +belfry NN 25 +. . 3 + +I PRP 2 +have VBP 10 +seen VBN 2 +one CD 6 +or CC 6 +two CD 7 +men NNS 8 +die VB 3 +, , 10 +bless VB 0 +them PRP 10 +. . 10 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0091.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0091.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f676c9ad4252b210b7e9e8418ca204bab37f383d --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0091.dp @@ -0,0 +1,218 @@ +Your PRP$ 5 +Oct. NNP 5 +13 CD 5 +page-one JJ 5 +story NN 13 +on IN 5 +the DT 9 +renewed VBN 9 +plight NN 6 +of IN 9 +Western NNP 12 +Union NNP 10 +says VBZ 0 +that IN 13 +Western NNP 16 +Union NNP 17 +had VBD 14 +lost VBN 17 +its PRP$ 20 +chance NN 18 +to TO 22 +be VB 20 +in IN 22 +the DT 26 +telephone NN 26 +business NN 23 +by IN 18 +turning VBG 27 +down RP 28 +Alexander NNP 33 +Graham NNP 33 +Bell NNP 33 +'s POS 34 +offer NN 28 +to TO 34 +it PRP 35 +of IN 34 +his PRP$ 39 +invention NN 37 +, , 18 +because IN 18 +it PRP 44 +supposedly RB 44 +felt VBD 41 +that IN 44 +voice NN 47 +communication NN 48 +would MD 45 +never RB 48 +replace VB 48 +the DT 52 +telegraph NN 50 +. . 13 + +Such JJ 2 +is VBZ 0 +hardly RB 2 +the DT 5 +case NN 2 +. . 2 + +Bell NNP 2 +'s POS 3 +father-in-law NN 7 +, , 7 +Gardner NNP 7 +G. NNP 7 +Hubbard NNP 13 +, , 7 +wealthy JJ 11 +and CC 11 +well-connected JJ 7 +, , 7 +obtained VBD 0 +financing NN 13 +to TO 16 +start VB 14 +the DT 21 +American NNP 21 +Bell NNP 21 +Telephone NNP 21 +Co. NNP 16 +in IN 21 +Boston NNP 22 +, , 21 +which WDT 21 +even RB 27 +had VBD 25 +a DT 29 +subsidiary NN 27 +in IN 29 +New NNP 32 +York NNP 30 +called VBN 29 +the DT 36 +Telephone NNP 36 +Co. NNP 33 +of IN 36 +New NNP 39 +York NNP 37 +. . 13 + +This DT 2 +is VBZ 0 +where WRB 2 +Bell NNP 5 +'s POS 6 +patents NNS 7 +went VBD 3 +. . 2 + +Western NNP 2 +Union NNP 4 +indeed RB 4 +wanted VBD 0 +to TO 6 +get VB 4 +into IN 6 +the DT 10 +telephone NN 10 +business NN 7 +. . 4 + +It PRP 2 +acquired VBD 0 +Thomas NNP 5 +Edison NNP 5 +'s POS 7 +microphone NN 7 +patent NN 2 +and CC 2 +then RB 11 +immediately RB 11 +sued VBD 2 +the DT 14 +Bell NNP 14 +Co. NNP 11 +claiming VBG 11 +that IN 15 +the DT 18 +microphone NN 39 +invented VBN 18 +by IN 19 +my PRP$ 22 +grandfather NN 25 +, , 25 +Emile NNP 25 +Berliner NNP 20 +, , 25 +which WDT 18 +had VBD 27 +been VBN 28 +sold VBN 29 +to TO 30 +Bell NNP 31 +for IN 30 +a DT 37 +princely JJ 37 +$ $ 37 +50,000 CD 33 +, , 18 +infringed VBN 16 +upon IN 39 +Western NNP 43 +Union NNP 43 +'s POS 45 +Edison NNP 45 +patent NN 40 +. . 2 + +When WRB 20 +Bell NNP 3 +established VBD 1 +that IN 3 +the DT 8 +Berliner NNP 8 +patent NN 8 +caveat NN 9 +was VBD 4 +registered VBN 9 +10 CD 12 +days NNS 13 +before IN 10 +Edison NNP 15 +'s POS 16 +application NN 13 +, , 20 +Western NNP 19 +Union NNP 20 +dropped VBD 0 +the DT 22 +lawsuit NN 20 +and CC 20 +agreed VBD 20 +never RB 27 +to TO 27 +enter VB 24 +the DT 30 +telephone NN 30 +business NN 27 +-- : 24 +the DT 33 +basis NN 24 +for IN 33 +the DT 37 +company NN 37 +'s POS 39 +current JJ 39 +plight NN 34 +. . 20 + +Oliver NNP 2 +Berliner NNP 6 +Beverly NNP 4 +Hills NNP 6 +, , 6 +Calif NNP 0 +. . 6 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0094.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0094.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3fd89307f74a9f49629fc7b17b789371d76879b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0094.dp @@ -0,0 +1,300 @@ +Your PRP$ 4 +Oct. NNP 4 +6 CD 4 +article NN 14 +`` `` 4 +Japan NNP 7 +'s POS 9 +Financial JJ 9 +Firms NNS 10 +Lure VBP 4 +Science NN 12 +Graduates NNS 10 +'' '' 4 +states VBZ 0 +, , 14 +`` `` 14 +Industrial JJ 18 +companies NNS 19 +are VBP 14 +accusing VBG 19 +financial JJ 22 +institutions NNS 20 +of IN 20 +jeopardizing VBG 23 +Japan NNP 26 +'s POS 27 +economy NN 24 +by IN 24 +raising VBG 28 +the DT 32 +salary NN 32 +stakes NNS 29 +for IN 32 +new JJ 35 +employees NNS 33 +. . 14 +'' '' 14 + +The DT 4 +Japanese JJ 4 +industrial JJ 4 +companies NNS 5 +should MD 0 +know VB 5 +better JJR 6 +. . 5 + +They PRP 2 +are VBP 0 +barking VBG 2 +up IN 3 +the DT 7 +wrong JJ 7 +tree NN 4 +, , 3 +because IN 3 +it PRP 11 +is VBZ 9 +basically RB 11 +their PRP$ 14 +fault NN 11 +they PRP 16 +ca MD 11 +n't RB 16 +attract VB 16 +new JJ 20 +employees NNS 18 +. . 2 + +Takuma NNP 2 +Yamamoto NNP 4 +, , 4 +president NN 9 +of IN 4 +Fujitsu NNP 7 +Ltd. NNP 5 +, , 4 +believes VBZ 0 +`` `` 9 +the DT 14 +` `` 14 +money NN 14 +worship NN 20 +' '' 14 +among IN 14 +young JJ 18 +people NNS 16 +... : 20 +caused VBD 9 +the DT 22 +problem NN 20 +. . 9 +'' '' 9 + +He PRP 2 +is VBZ 0 +just RB 4 +passing VBG 2 +the DT 6 +buck NN 4 +to TO 4 +young JJ 9 +people NNS 7 +. . 2 + +What WP 2 +'s VBZ 0 +wrong JJ 2 +with IN 3 +asking VBG 4 +for IN 5 +more JJR 8 +money NN 6 +? . 2 + +Money NN 2 +is VBZ 13 +not RB 2 +everything NN 2 +, , 13 +but CC 13 +it PRP 8 +is VBZ 13 +necessary JJ 8 +, , 13 +and CC 13 +business NN 13 +is VBZ 0 +not RB 13 +volunteer NN 16 +work NN 13 +. . 13 + +It PRP 2 +is VBZ 0 +not RB 2 +unethical JJ 2 +to TO 6 +choose VB 2 +a DT 9 +higher-salaried JJ 9 +job NN 6 +. . 2 + +Unfortunately RB 5 +, , 5 +Japanese JJ 4 +manufacturers NNS 5 +have VBP 0 +neither DT 13 +good JJ 9 +working NN 9 +conditions NNS 13 +nor CC 13 +good JJ 13 +compensation NN 13 +packages NNS 5 +. . 5 + +I PRP 2 +get VBP 0 +the DT 4 +impression NN 2 +that IN 4 +some DT 8 +Japanese JJ 8 +managers NNS 9 +believe VBP 5 +working VBG 15 +harder RBR 10 +for IN 10 +less JJR 14 +money NN 12 +is VBZ 9 +beautiful JJ 15 +. . 2 + +I PRP 2 +visited VBD 13 +a DT 4 +lot NN 2 +of IN 4 +major JJ 8 +Japanese JJ 8 +manufacturers NNS 5 +, , 13 +but CC 13 +I PRP 13 +never RB 13 +felt VBD 0 +I PRP 15 +would MD 13 +want VB 15 +to TO 18 +be VB 16 +employed VBN 18 +by IN 19 +any DT 20 +of IN 21 +them PRP 22 +. . 13 + +Many JJ 5 +of IN 1 +them PRP 2 +recently RB 5 +have VBP 24 +been VBN 5 +spending VBG 6 +a DT 9 +lot NN 7 +of IN 9 +money NN 10 +on IN 7 +public JJ 14 +relations NNS 16 +and CC 16 +advertising NN 12 +to TO 18 +improve VB 7 +their PRP$ 20 +images NNS 18 +, , 24 +but CC 24 +they PRP 24 +should MD 0 +realize VB 24 +that IN 25 +the DT 30 +most RBS 30 +important JJ 30 +thing NN 31 +is VBZ 26 +real JJ 33 +change NN 35 +, , 35 +not RB 31 +changing VBG 35 +people NNS 38 +'s POS 39 +perceptions NNS 36 +. . 24 + +If IN 12 +the DT 4 +Japanese JJ 4 +companies NNS 5 +are VBP 1 +seriously RB 7 +considering VBG 5 +their PRP$ 9 +survival NN 7 +, , 12 +they PRP 12 +could MD 0 +do VB 12 +at IN 17 +least JJS 14 +three CD 14 +things NNS 13 +to TO 19 +improve VB 13 +the DT 21 +situation NN 19 +: : 13 +raise VB 13 +salaries NNS 25 +higher JJR 23 +than IN 25 +those DT 26 +of IN 27 +financial JJ 30 +institutions NNS 28 +; : 23 +improve VB 23 +working NN 34 +conditions NNS 32 +-LRB- -LRB- 42 +better JJR 37 +offices NNS 40 +and CC 40 +more JJR 40 +vacations NNS 42 +, , 42 +for IN 34 +example NN 42 +-RRB- -RRB- 42 +; : 23 +accept VB 23 +and CC 46 +hire VB 46 +more JJR 50 +labor NN 46 +from IN 46 +outside JJ 51 +Japan NNP 52 +. . 12 + +Hiroshi NNP 2 +Asada NNP 0 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0095.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0095.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6dc3f9856a0a07f57835a3c4405788f6898b1448 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0095.dp @@ -0,0 +1,235 @@ +In IN 22 +reference NN 1 +to TO 2 +your PRP$ 8 +Oct. NNP 8 +9 CD 8 +page-one NN 8 +article NN 3 +`` `` 8 +Barbara NNP 11 +Bush NNP 12 +Earns VBZ 8 +Even RB 14 +Higher JJR 15 +Ratings NNS 12 +Than IN 15 +the DT 18 +President NNP 16 +, , 22 +'' '' 22 +it PRP 22 +is VBZ 0 +regrettable JJ 22 +that IN 22 +you PRP 26 +must MD 24 +continually RB 26 +define VB 26 +blacks NNS 28 +by IN 28 +our PRP$ 32 +negatives NNS 30 +: : 26 +`` `` 26 +Among IN 40 +liberals NNS 35 +, , 40 +60 CD 39 +% NN 40 +have VBP 26 +positive JJ 42 +views NNS 40 +of IN 42 +her PRP 43 +, , 40 +while IN 40 +50 CD 48 +% NN 49 +approve VBP 46 +of IN 49 +the DT 53 +president NN 53 +'s POS 55 +job NN 55 +performance NN 50 +. . 22 + +In IN 5 +part NN 1 +, , 5 +this DT 5 +may MD 0 +reflect VB 5 +the DT 8 +fact NN 6 +that IN 8 +` `` 12 +she PRP 12 +speaks VBZ 9 +a DT 16 +more JJR 15 +progressive JJ 16 +language NN 12 +' '' 16 +than IN 16 +her PRP$ 20 +husband NN 18 +, , 12 +as IN 12 +Columbia NNP 24 +'s POS 30 +Prof NNP 30 +. . 30 +-LCB- -LRB- 30 +Ethel NNP 30 +-RCB- -RRB- 30 +Klein NNP 31 +puts VBZ 22 +it PRP 31 +. . 5 + +Among IN 6 +professionals NNS 1 +, , 6 +76 CD 5 +% NN 6 +have VBP 0 +a DT 9 +favorable JJ 9 +opinion NN 6 +of IN 9 +her PRP$ 10 +, , 6 +compared VBN 6 +to TO 13 +62 CD 16 +% NN 14 +who WP 16 +approve VBP 17 +of IN 18 +her PRP$ 22 +husband NN 22 +'s POS 23 +performance NN 19 +. . 6 + +While IN 20 +a DT 3 +quarter NN 7 +of IN 3 +black JJ 6 +voters NNS 4 +disapprove VBP 1 +of IN 7 +Mr. NNP 11 +Bush NNP 11 +'s POS 12 +handling NN 8 +of IN 12 +his PRP$ 15 +job NN 13 +, , 20 +only RB 19 +15 CD 17 +% NN 20 +have VBP 0 +a DT 23 +negative JJ 23 +view NN 20 +of IN 23 +his PRP$ 26 +spouse NN 24 +. . 20 +'' '' 20 + +The DT 2 +statistics NNS 3 +imply VBP 0 +that IN 3 +three-quarters NNS 8 +of IN 5 +blacks NNS 6 +approve VBP 20 +of IN 8 +Mr. NNP 12 +Bush NNP 12 +'s POS 14 +job NN 14 +performance NN 9 +and CC 20 +85 CD 17 +% NN 20 +of IN 17 +blacks NNS 18 +approve VBP 4 +of IN 20 +Mrs. NNP 23 +Bush NNP 21 +. . 3 + +If IN 23 +the DT 3 +assumption NN 4 +is VBZ 1 +that IN 4 +it PRP 7 +is VBZ 5 +surprising JJ 7 +that IN 7 +so RB 11 +few JJ 12 +blacks NNS 13 +find VBP 9 +Mr. NNP 17 +and CC 17 +Mrs. NNP 17 +Bush NNP 18 +distasteful JJ 13 +, , 23 +the DT 22 +positive JJ 22 +view NN 23 +is VBZ 0 +even RB 23 +more RBR 24 +newsworthy JJ 24 +. . 23 + +Such PDT 4 +an DT 4 +editorial NN 4 +point NN 7 +of IN 4 +view NN 5 +perpetuates VBZ 0 +an DT 12 +insidious JJ 12 +, , 12 +stereotyped JJ 12 +perspective NN 7 +. . 7 + +Why WRB 2 +are VBP 0 +we PRP 4 +blacks NNS 2 +continually RB 2 +defined VBN 2 +by IN 6 +our PRP$ 9 +minority NN 14 +and CC 14 +the DT 14 +lowest JJS 14 +common JJ 14 +denominator NN 7 +. . 2 + +Preston NNP 3 +G. NNP 3 +Foster NNP 6 +Birmingham NNP 6 +, , 6 +Ala NNP 0 +. . 6 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0097.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0097.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..945eaca90b2a3b65a8a308c9bfcda1d66e2393b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0097.dp @@ -0,0 +1,995 @@ +Program NN 2 +traders NNS 3 +are VBP 0 +fond JJ 3 +of IN 4 +predicting VBG 5 +that IN 6 +if IN 17 +they PRP 10 +are VBP 8 +blocked VBN 10 +in IN 11 +the DT 14 +U.S. NNP 12 +, , 17 +they PRP 17 +will MD 7 +simply RB 17 +emigrate VB 17 +to TO 19 +foreign JJ 23 +stock NN 23 +markets NNS 20 +. . 3 + +But CC 19 +in IN 19 +London NNP 5 +and CC 5 +Tokyo NNP 2 +, , 5 +where WRB 5 +computer-driven JJ 9 +trading NN 11 +now RB 11 +plays VBZ 7 +a DT 16 +small JJ 16 +but CC 13 +growing VBG 13 +role NN 11 +, , 19 +traders NNS 19 +say VBP 0 +a DT 21 +number NN 24 +of IN 21 +hurdles NNS 22 +loom VBP 19 +. . 19 + +Government NN 2 +officials NNS 9 +, , 5 +especially RB 5 +in IN 9 +Japan NNP 5 +, , 5 +probably RB 9 +would MD 0 +resist VB 9 +any DT 12 +onslaught NN 10 +of IN 12 +program NN 15 +trading NN 13 +by IN 12 +players NNS 16 +trying VBG 17 +to TO 20 +shrug VB 18 +off RP 20 +the DT 24 +U.S. NNP 24 +furor NN 20 +over IN 24 +their PRP$ 27 +activities NNS 25 +and CC 18 +marching VBG 18 +abroad RB 29 +with IN 29 +their PRP$ 33 +business NN 31 +. . 9 + +Japan NNP 2 +is VBZ 19 +`` `` 5 +very RB 5 +concerned VBN 2 +'' '' 5 +about IN 5 +the DT 10 +possible JJ 10 +effects NNS 7 +of IN 10 +program NN 13 +trading NN 11 +, , 19 +a DT 18 +senior JJ 18 +Japanese JJ 18 +official NN 19 +said VBD 0 +after IN 19 +the DT 25 +Oct. NNP 25 +13 CD 25 +stock NN 25 +plunge NN 20 +in IN 25 +New NNP 28 +York NNP 26 +. . 19 + +U.S. NNP 3 +stock-index NN 3 +futures NNS 4 +are VBP 0 +n't RB 4 +even RB 4 +traded VBN 4 +in IN 7 +Japan NNP 8 +now RB 7 +. . 4 + +And CC 17 +because IN 17 +of IN 2 +the DT 6 +time NN 6 +difference NN 2 +, , 17 +the DT 9 +Japanese JJ 14 +and CC 14 +the DT 12 +U.S. NNP 14 +markets NNS 14 +' POS 16 +trading NN 16 +hours NNS 17 +do VBP 0 +n't RB 17 +overlap VB 17 +. . 17 + +It PRP 3 +all DT 3 +adds VBZ 0 +up RP 3 +to TO 3 +a DT 7 +barrier NN 5 +to TO 7 +American-style JJ 11 +index NN 11 +arbitrage NN 26 +, , 26 +the DT 16 +most RBS 15 +popular JJ 16 +form NN 26 +of IN 16 +U.S. NNP 20 +program NN 20 +trading NN 17 +that WDT 16 +seeks VBZ 21 +to TO 24 +exploit VB 22 +brief JJ 26 +differences NNS 8 +between IN 26 +prices NNS 36 +of IN 28 +stocks NNS 29 +in IN 28 +New NNP 33 +York NNP 31 +and CC 36 +the DT 36 +price NN 27 +of IN 36 +a DT 40 +futures NNS 40 +contract NN 37 +in IN 36 +Chicago NNP 41 +based VBN 36 +on IN 43 +those DT 46 +stocks NNS 44 +. . 3 + +About IN 3 +11.6 CD 1 +% NN 16 +of IN 3 +all DT 7 +program NN 7 +trading NN 4 +by IN 7 +New NNP 13 +York NNP 13 +Stock NNP 13 +Exchange NNP 13 +firms NNS 8 +in IN 7 +September NNP 14 +took VBD 0 +place NN 16 +in IN 16 +foreign JJ 20 +markets NNS 18 +, , 16 +according VBG 16 +to TO 22 +Big NNP 26 +Board NNP 26 +data NNS 23 +. . 16 + +Yet CC 3 +it PRP 3 +is VBZ 0 +difficult JJ 3 +to TO 6 +imagine VB 3 +Japan NNP 8 +racing VBG 6 +to TO 10 +introduce VB 8 +Chicago-style JJ 13 +stock-index JJ 13 +futures NNS 10 +. . 3 + +Japan NNP 2 +'s POS 4 +Finance NNP 4 +Ministry NNP 6 +already RB 6 +is VBZ 29 +scrutinizing VBG 6 +institutional JJ 10 +investors NNS 10 +' POS 11 +activity NN 7 +to TO 13 +see VB 7 +whether IN 13 +policy NN 16 +changes NNS 17 +are VBP 14 +needed VBN 17 +to TO 20 +cope VB 18 +with IN 20 +the DT 24 +current JJ 24 +level NN 21 +of IN 24 +program NN 27 +trading NN 25 +, , 29 +said VBD 0 +Makato NNP 31 +Utsumi NNP 34 +, , 34 +vice NN 34 +minister NN 29 +for IN 34 +international JJ 37 +finance NN 35 +. . 29 + +Program NN 2 +trading NN 3 +has VBZ 0 +taken VBN 3 +off RB 4 +in IN 4 +Japan NNP 6 +since IN 4 +last JJ 11 +year NN 11 +'s POS 12 +introduction NN 8 +of IN 12 +home-market JJ 17 +stock-index NN 17 +futures NNS 17 +trading NN 13 +on IN 17 +the DT 24 +Tokyo NNP 24 +and CC 24 +Osaka NNP 24 +stock NN 24 +exchanges NNS 18 +. . 3 + +But CC 3 +regulators NNS 3 +are VBP 0 +wary JJ 3 +. . 3 + +They PRP 2 +have VBP 0 +n't RB 2 +forgotten VBN 2 +the DT 6 +leap NN 11 +in IN 11 +share NN 9 +prices NNS 7 +last JJ 11 +Dec. NNP 4 +7 CD 11 +, , 11 +when WRB 11 +the DT 17 +first JJ 17 +bout NN 22 +of IN 17 +foreign-led JJ 21 +index NN 21 +arbitrage NN 18 +drove VBD 14 +stocks NNS 22 +skyward RB 22 +in IN 22 +the DT 28 +last JJ 28 +half-hour JJ 25 +of IN 28 +trading NN 29 +, , 22 +startling JJ 33 +regulators NNS 22 +who WP 33 +thought VBD 34 +they PRP 37 +had VBD 35 +written VBN 37 +enough JJ 40 +rules NNS 38 +to TO 42 +prevent VB 40 +such PDT 45 +a DT 45 +swing NN 42 +. . 2 + +Japan NNP 2 +'s POS 4 +Finance NNP 4 +Ministry NNP 5 +had VBD 0 +set VBN 5 +up RP 6 +mechanisms NNS 6 +to TO 10 +limit VB 23 +how WRB 10 +far JJ 11 +futures NNS 14 +prices NNS 15 +could MD 11 +fall VB 15 +in IN 16 +a DT 20 +single JJ 20 +session NN 17 +and CC 23 +to TO 23 +give VB 8 +market NN 25 +operators NNS 23 +the DT 27 +authority NN 23 +to TO 29 +suspend VB 27 +trading NN 29 +in IN 30 +futures NNS 31 +at IN 29 +any DT 35 +time NN 33 +. . 5 + +`` `` 13 +Maybe RB 4 +it PRP 4 +was VBD 13 +n't RB 4 +enough RB 4 +, , 13 +'' '' 13 +a DT 12 +Finance NNP 12 +Ministry NNP 12 +official NN 13 +noted VBD 0 +after IN 13 +the DT 18 +Dec. NNP 18 +7 CD 18 +surge NN 14 +. . 13 + +Japan NNP 2 +'s POS 3 +regulators NNS 4 +have VBP 0 +since IN 4 +tightened VBN 4 +controls NNS 6 +on IN 7 +index-related JJ 11 +stock NN 11 +purchases NNS 8 +. . 4 + +Tokyo NNP 2 +'s POS 5 +leading VBG 5 +program NN 5 +traders NNS 6 +are VBP 0 +the DT 11 +big JJ 11 +U.S. NNP 11 +securities NNS 11 +houses NNS 6 +, , 6 +though IN 6 +the DT 15 +Japanese NNP 16 +are VBP 13 +playing VBG 16 +catch-up NN 17 +. . 6 + +Some DT 3 +U.S. NNP 3 +firms NNS 12 +, , 12 +notably RB 12 +Salomon NNP 7 +Inc. NNP 12 +and CC 12 +Morgan NNP 12 +Stanley NNP 12 +Group NNP 12 +Inc. NNP 14 +, , 12 +have VBP 0 +reaped VBN 14 +a DT 18 +hefty JJ 18 +chunk NN 15 +of IN 18 +their PRP$ 22 +Japanese JJ 22 +earnings NNS 19 +from IN 15 +index NN 25 +arbitrage NN 23 +, , 25 +both DT 25 +for IN 27 +customers NNS 28 +and CC 27 +for IN 27 +their PRP$ 34 +own JJ 34 +accounts NNS 31 +. . 14 + +-LRB- -LRB- 6 +Morgan NNP 3 +Stanley NNP 6 +last JJ 5 +week NN 6 +joined VBD 0 +a DT 9 +growing VBG 9 +list NN 6 +of IN 9 +U.S. NNP 13 +securities NNS 13 +firms NNS 10 +that WDT 13 +have VBP 14 +stopped VBN 15 +doing VBG 16 +index NN 19 +arbitrage NN 17 +for IN 19 +their PRP$ 23 +own JJ 23 +accounts NNS 20 +. . 6 +-RRB- -RRB- 6 + +Both DT 15 +Deryck NNP 4 +C. NNP 4 +Maughan NNP 15 +, , 4 +who WP 4 +heads VBZ 6 +Salomon NNP 7 +in IN 8 +Tokyo NNP 9 +, , 4 +and CC 15 +John NNP 15 +S. NNP 15 +Wadsworth NNP 23 +, , 15 +who WP 15 +heads VBZ 17 +Morgan NNP 20 +Stanley NNP 18 +there RB 20 +, , 15 +ascribe VBP 0 +a DT 26 +good JJ 26 +part NN 23 +of IN 26 +their PRP$ 30 +firms NNS 30 +' POS 31 +success NN 27 +in IN 31 +Tokyo NNP 32 +to TO 23 +their PRP$ 36 +ability NN 34 +to TO 38 +offer VB 36 +sophisticated JJ 43 +, , 43 +futures-related JJ 43 +investment NN 43 +strategies NNS 38 +to TO 38 +big JJ 47 +institutional JJ 47 +clients NNS 44 +. . 23 + +They PRP 2 +do VBP 0 +n't RB 2 +have VB 2 +plans NNS 4 +to TO 7 +cut VB 5 +back RB 7 +. . 2 + +`` `` 15 +It PRP 3 +has VBZ 15 +not RB 3 +been VBN 3 +disruptive JJ 5 +in IN 5 +the DT 9 +markets NNS 7 +here RB 9 +, , 15 +'' '' 15 +Mr. NNP 14 +Maughan NNP 15 +said VBD 0 +. . 15 + +`` `` 5 +The DT 4 +real JJ 4 +difference NN 5 +seems VBZ 0 +to TO 7 +be VB 5 +that IN 7 +the DT 11 +cash NN 11 +market NN 14 +here RB 14 +... : 14 +is VBZ 8 +big JJ 18 +enough RB 15 +and CC 18 +liquid NN 14 +enough RB 18 +that IN 18 +the DT 23 +futures NNS 23 +market NN 24 +is VBZ 20 +n't RB 24 +having VBG 24 +the DT 29 +same JJ 29 +impact NN 26 +it PRP 31 +does VBZ 29 +in IN 31 +America NNP 32 +. . 5 +'' '' 5 + +The DT 2 +British NNP 4 +also RB 4 +are VBP 0 +scrutinizing VBG 4 +program NN 7 +trades NNS 5 +. . 4 + +Index-arbitrage NN 2 +trading NN 3 +is VBZ 20 +`` `` 3 +something NN 3 +we PRP 7 +want VBP 5 +to TO 9 +watch VB 7 +closely RB 9 +, , 20 +'' '' 20 +an DT 14 +official NN 20 +at IN 14 +London NNP 17 +'s POS 19 +Stock NNP 19 +Exchange NNP 15 +said VBD 0 +. . 20 + +`` `` 3 +We PRP 3 +do VBP 0 +n't RB 3 +think VB 3 +there EX 7 +is VBZ 5 +cause NN 7 +for IN 8 +concern NN 9 +at IN 7 +the DT 13 +moment NN 11 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +London NNP 2 +serves VBZ 0 +increasingly RB 2 +as IN 2 +a DT 6 +conduit NN 4 +for IN 6 +program NN 9 +trading NN 7 +of IN 9 +U.S. NNP 12 +stocks NNS 10 +. . 2 + +Market NN 2 +professionals NNS 3 +said VBD 0 +London NNP 5 +has VBZ 3 +several JJ 7 +attractions NNS 5 +. . 3 + +First JJ 5 +, , 5 +the DT 4 +trading NN 5 +is VBZ 0 +done VBN 5 +over IN 6 +the DT 9 +counter NN 7 +and CC 5 +is VBZ 5 +n't RB 11 +reported VBN 11 +on IN 13 +either CC 22 +the DT 22 +U.S. NNP 22 +or CC 22 +London NNP 22 +stock NN 22 +trading NN 22 +tapes NNS 14 +. . 5 + +Second JJ 4 +, , 4 +it PRP 4 +can MD 0 +be VB 4 +used VBN 5 +to TO 8 +unwind VB 6 +positions NNS 8 +before IN 8 +U.S. NNP 12 +trading NN 13 +begins VBZ 10 +, , 16 +but CC 16 +at IN 8 +prices NNS 16 +pegged VBN 17 +to TO 18 +the DT 23 +previous JJ 23 +session NN 23 +'s POS 26 +Big NNP 26 +Board NNP 26 +close NN 19 +. . 4 + +In IN 13 +addition NN 1 +to TO 2 +the DT 6 +extra JJ 6 +privacy NN 3 +of IN 6 +these DT 9 +trades NNS 7 +, , 13 +the DT 12 +transactions NNS 13 +can MD 0 +often RB 13 +be VB 13 +less RBR 17 +expensive JJ 15 +to TO 19 +execute VB 17 +, , 15 +because IN 15 +the DT 23 +parties NNS 24 +do VBP 21 +n't RB 24 +have VB 24 +to TO 28 +pay VB 26 +a DT 32 +floor NN 32 +brokerage NN 32 +fee NN 37 +or CC 37 +a DT 36 +specialist NN 36 +'s POS 37 +fee NN 28 +. . 13 + +Still RB 10 +, , 10 +`` `` 10 +Much RB 8 +less RBR 8 +-LCB- -LRB- 8 +index-arbitrage NN 8 +activity NN 10 +-RCB- -RRB- 8 +is VBZ 19 +done VBN 10 +over IN 11 +here RB 12 +than IN 11 +in IN 14 +the DT 17 +U.S. NNP 15 +'' '' 19 +said VBD 0 +Richard NNP 21 +Barfield NNP 25 +, , 25 +chief NN 25 +investment NN 25 +manager NN 19 +at IN 25 +Standard NNP 30 +Life NNP 30 +Assurance NNP 30 +Co. NNP 26 +, , 30 +which WDT 30 +manages VBZ 32 +about IN 33 +# # 34 +15 CD 34 +billion CD 34 +-LRB- -LRB- 39 +$ $ 34 +23.72 CD 39 +billion CD 39 +-RRB- -RRB- 39 +in IN 34 +United NNP 47 +Kingdom NNP 47 +institutional JJ 47 +funds NNS 43 +. . 19 + +Britain NNP 2 +has VBZ 0 +two CD 6 +main JJ 6 +index-arbitrage NN 6 +instruments NNS 2 +. . 2 + +A DT 8 +Financial NNP 8 +Times-Stock NNP 8 +Exchange NNP 8 +100-share JJ 8 +index NN 8 +option NN 8 +contract NN 9 +is VBZ 0 +traded VBN 9 +on IN 10 +the DT 16 +London NNP 16 +Stock NNP 16 +Exchange NNP 16 +'s POS 19 +Traded NNP 19 +Options NNPS 19 +Market NNP 11 +. . 9 + +And CC 6 +an DT 5 +FT-SE NNP 5 +futures NNS 5 +contract NN 6 +is VBZ 0 +traded VBN 6 +on IN 7 +the DT 14 +London NNP 14 +International NNP 14 +Financial NNP 14 +Futures NNPS 14 +Exchange NNP 8 +. . 6 + +Both DT 2 +contracts NNS 3 +have VBP 0 +gained VBN 3 +a DT 6 +following NN 4 +since IN 4 +the DT 12 +1987 CD 12 +global JJ 12 +market NN 12 +crash NN 7 +. . 3 + +The DT 3 +average JJ 3 +number NN 13 +of IN 3 +FT-SE NNP 7 +option NN 7 +contracts NNS 4 +traded VBN 7 +on IN 8 +the DT 12 +London NNP 12 +exchange NN 9 +has VBZ 0 +surged VBN 13 +nearly RB 14 +tenfold RB 15 +since IN 14 +the DT 20 +contract NN 20 +'s POS 21 +launch NN 17 +in IN 21 +1984 CD 22 +. . 13 + +This DT 2 +year NN 10 +, , 10 +the DT 5 +average NN 10 +of IN 5 +daily JJ 8 +contracts NNS 6 +traded VBN 8 +totaled VBD 0 +9,118 CD 10 +, , 10 +up IN 10 +from IN 13 +4,645 CD 14 +a DT 17 +year NN 18 +earlier JJR 14 +and CC 14 +from IN 14 +917 CD 20 +in IN 20 +1984 CD 22 +. . 10 + +But CC 7 +a DT 3 +survey NN 7 +early RB 6 +this DT 6 +summer NN 7 +indicated VBD 29 +that IN 7 +the DT 10 +volume NN 14 +of IN 10 +index-options NNS 13 +trading NN 11 +was VBD 8 +only RB 17 +15 CD 15 +% NN 14 +of IN 17 +the DT 20 +size NN 18 +of IN 20 +the DT 25 +underlying VBG 25 +equity NN 25 +market NN 21 +, , 29 +exchange NN 28 +officials NNS 29 +said VBD 0 +. . 29 + +This DT 2 +compares VBZ 0 +with IN 2 +estimates NNS 3 +that IN 4 +the DT 11 +U.S. NNP 11 +`` `` 11 +derivatives NNS 11 +'' '' 11 +market NN 12 +is VBZ 5 +perhaps RB 12 +four CD 15 +times NNS 12 +as RB 15 +large JJ 15 +as IN 15 +the DT 22 +underlying VBG 22 +domestic JJ 22 +market NN 18 +. . 2 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0100.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0100.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f0f4c80fa1003b20aa2b3da2fa8a1b3375a844c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0100.dp @@ -0,0 +1,946 @@ +For IN 9 +six CD 3 +years NNS 1 +, , 9 +T. NNP 8 +Marshall NNP 8 +Hahn NNP 8 +Jr. NNP 9 +has VBZ 0 +made VBN 9 +corporate JJ 12 +acquisitions NNS 10 +in IN 10 +the DT 17 +George NNP 17 +Bush NNP 17 +mode NN 13 +: : 17 +kind JJ 21 +and CC 21 +gentle JJ 17 +. . 9 + +The DT 2 +question NN 0 +now RB 2 +: : 2 +Can MD 2 +he PRP 5 +act VB 5 +more RBR 9 +like IN 7 +hard-charging JJ 12 +Teddy NNP 12 +Roosevelt NNP 9 +? . 2 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Hahn NNP 10 +, , 10 +the DT 10 +62-year-old JJ 10 +chairman NN 10 +and CC 10 +chief NN 10 +executive JJ 10 +officer NN 14 +of IN 10 +Georgia-Pacific NNP 13 +Corp. NNP 11 +is VBZ 0 +leading VBG 14 +the DT 19 +forest-product NN 19 +concern NN 19 +'s POS 24 +unsolicited JJ 24 +$ $ 24 +3.19 CD 21 +billion CD 21 +bid NN 15 +for IN 24 +Great NNP 29 +Northern NNP 29 +Nekoosa NNP 29 +Corp NNP 25 +. . 14 + +Nekoosa NNP 2 +has VBZ 0 +given VBN 2 +the DT 5 +offer NN 3 +a DT 9 +public JJ 9 +cold JJ 9 +shoulder NN 12 +, , 12 +a DT 12 +reaction NN 3 +Mr. NNP 14 +Hahn NNP 15 +has VBZ 12 +n't RB 15 +faced VBN 15 +in IN 17 +his PRP$ 22 +18 CD 22 +earlier JJR 22 +acquisitions NNS 18 +, , 22 +all DT 25 +of IN 22 +which WDT 25 +were VBD 25 +negotiated VBN 27 +behind IN 28 +the DT 31 +scenes NNS 29 +. . 2 + +So IN 2 +far RB 6 +, , 6 +Mr. NNP 5 +Hahn NNP 6 +is VBZ 0 +trying VBG 6 +to TO 9 +entice VB 7 +Nekoosa NNP 9 +into IN 9 +negotiating VBG 11 +a DT 15 +friendly JJ 15 +surrender NN 12 +while IN 7 +talking VBG 16 +tough JJ 17 +. . 6 + +`` `` 15 +We PRP 3 +are VBP 15 +prepared VBN 3 +to TO 6 +pursue VB 4 +aggressively RB 6 +completion NN 6 +of IN 8 +this DT 11 +transaction NN 9 +, , 15 +'' '' 15 +he PRP 15 +says VBZ 0 +. . 15 + +But CC 5 +a DT 4 +takeover NN 4 +battle NN 5 +opens VBZ 0 +up RP 5 +the DT 8 +possibility NN 5 +of IN 8 +a DT 12 +bidding NN 12 +war NN 9 +, , 12 +with IN 12 +all DT 14 +that DT 17 +implies VBZ 15 +. . 5 + +If IN 13 +a DT 3 +competitor NN 4 +enters VBZ 1 +the DT 6 +game NN 4 +, , 13 +for IN 13 +example NN 8 +, , 13 +Mr. NNP 12 +Hahn NNP 13 +could MD 0 +face VB 13 +the DT 16 +dilemma NN 14 +of IN 16 +paying VBG 17 +a DT 20 +premium NN 18 +for IN 18 +Nekoosa NNP 21 +or CC 18 +seeing VBG 18 +the DT 26 +company NN 27 +fall NN 24 +into IN 27 +the DT 30 +arms NNS 28 +of IN 30 +a DT 33 +rival NN 31 +. . 13 + +Given VBN 12 +that DT 3 +choice NN 1 +, , 12 +associates NNS 11 +of IN 5 +Mr. NNP 8 +Hahn NNP 6 +and CC 11 +industry NN 11 +observers NNS 12 +say VBP 0 +the DT 16 +former JJ 16 +university NN 16 +president NN 29 +-- : 18 +who WP 16 +has VBZ 18 +developed VBN 19 +a DT 22 +reputation NN 20 +for IN 22 +not RB 25 +overpaying VBG 23 +for IN 25 +anything NN 26 +-- : 18 +would MD 12 +fold VB 29 +. . 12 + +`` `` 20 +There EX 3 +'s VBZ 20 +a DT 5 +price NN 3 +above IN 5 +which WDT 6 +I PRP 9 +'m VBP 6 +positive JJ 9 +Marshall NNP 12 +has VBZ 10 +the DT 14 +courage NN 12 +not RB 17 +to TO 17 +pay VB 14 +, , 20 +'' '' 20 +says VBZ 0 +A.D. NNP 22 +Correll NNP 28 +, , 28 +Georgia-Pacific NNP 25 +'s POS 28 +executive JJ 28 +vice NN 28 +president NN 20 +for IN 28 +pulp NN 32 +and CC 32 +paper NN 29 +. . 20 + +Says VBZ 0 +long-time JJ 5 +associate NN 5 +Jerry NNP 5 +Griffin NNP 11 +, , 11 +vice NN 8 +president NN 11 +, , 11 +corporate JJ 11 +development NN 1 +, , 11 +at IN 11 +WTD NNP 16 +Industries NNPS 16 +Inc. NNP 13 +: : 1 +`` `` 1 +He PRP 20 +is VBZ 1 +n't RB 20 +of IN 20 +the DT 25 +old JJ 25 +school NN 22 +of IN 25 +winning VBG 26 +at IN 27 +any DT 30 +cost NN 28 +. . 1 +'' '' 1 + +He PRP 3 +also RB 3 +is VBZ 9 +a DT 6 +consensus NN 6 +manager NN 3 +, , 9 +insiders NNS 9 +say VBP 0 +. . 9 + +The DT 2 +decision NN 13 +to TO 4 +make VB 2 +the DT 6 +bid NN 4 +for IN 6 +Nekoosa NNP 7 +, , 13 +for IN 13 +example NN 10 +, , 13 +was VBD 45 +made VBN 13 +only RB 16 +after IN 14 +all DT 19 +six CD 19 +members NNS 25 +of IN 19 +Georgia-Pacific NNP 22 +'s POS 24 +management NN 24 +committee NN 20 +signed VBD 16 +onto IN 25 +the DT 28 +deal NN 26 +-- : 14 +even RB 31 +though IN 14 +Mr. NNP 33 +Hahn NNP 34 +knew VBD 31 +he PRP 36 +wanted VBD 34 +to TO 38 +go VB 36 +after IN 38 +the DT 41 +company NN 39 +early RB 34 +on IN 42 +, , 45 +says VBZ 0 +Mr. NNP 47 +Correll NNP 45 +. . 45 + +Associates NNS 2 +say VBP 0 +Mr. NNP 4 +Hahn NNP 5 +picked VBD 2 +up RP 5 +that DT 9 +careful JJ 9 +approach NN 5 +to TO 9 +management NN 10 +as IN 5 +president NN 12 +of IN 13 +Virginia NNP 17 +Polytechnic NNP 17 +Institute NNP 14 +. . 2 + +Assuming VBG 11 +that DT 3 +post NN 1 +at IN 1 +the DT 6 +age NN 4 +of IN 6 +35 CD 7 +, , 11 +he PRP 11 +managed VBD 22 +by IN 11 +consensus NN 12 +, , 11 +as IN 11 +is VBZ 15 +the DT 18 +rule NN 16 +in IN 16 +universities NNS 19 +, , 22 +says VBZ 0 +Warren NNP 25 +H. NNP 25 +Strother NNP 29 +, , 29 +a DT 29 +university NN 29 +official NN 22 +who WP 29 +is VBZ 30 +researching VBG 31 +a DT 34 +book NN 32 +on IN 34 +Mr. NNP 37 +Hahn NNP 35 +. . 22 + +But CC 4 +he PRP 4 +also RB 4 +showed VBD 0 +a DT 6 +willingness NN 4 +to TO 8 +take VB 6 +a DT 11 +strong JJ 11 +stand NN 8 +. . 4 + +In IN 6 +1970 CD 1 +, , 6 +Mr. NNP 5 +Hahn NNP 6 +called VBD 0 +in RP 6 +state NN 9 +police NNS 11 +to TO 11 +arrest VB 6 +student NN 13 +protesters NNS 11 +who WP 13 +were VBD 14 +occupying VBG 15 +a DT 19 +university NN 19 +building NN 16 +. . 6 + +That DT 2 +impressed VBN 0 +Robert NNP 5 +B. NNP 5 +Pamplin NNP 9 +, , 9 +Georgia-Pacific NNP 8 +'s POS 9 +chief NN 2 +executive JJ 9 +at IN 9 +the DT 13 +time NN 11 +, , 9 +whom WP 9 +Mr. NNP 17 +Hahn NNP 18 +had VBD 15 +met VBN 18 +while IN 19 +fundraising VBG 20 +for IN 21 +the DT 24 +institute NN 22 +. . 2 + +In IN 6 +1975 CD 1 +, , 6 +Mr. NNP 5 +Pamplin NNP 6 +enticed VBD 0 +Mr. NNP 8 +Hahn NNP 6 +into IN 6 +joining VBG 9 +the DT 12 +company NN 10 +as IN 10 +executive JJ 16 +vice NN 16 +president NN 13 +in IN 16 +charge NN 17 +of IN 18 +chemicals NNS 19 +; : 6 +the DT 23 +move NN 24 +befuddled VBD 6 +many JJ 24 +in IN 25 +Georgia-Pacific NNP 26 +who WP 25 +did VBD 28 +n't RB 29 +believe VB 29 +a DT 34 +university NN 34 +administrator NN 35 +could MD 31 +make VB 35 +the DT 38 +transition NN 36 +to TO 38 +the DT 42 +corporate JJ 42 +world NN 39 +. . 6 + +But CC 4 +Mr. NNP 3 +Hahn NNP 4 +rose VBD 0 +swiftly RB 4 +through IN 4 +the DT 8 +ranks NNS 6 +, , 4 +demonstrating VBG 4 +a DT 13 +raw JJ 13 +intelligence NN 10 +that IN 13 +he PRP 16 +says VBZ 14 +he PRP 18 +knew VBD 16 +he PRP 20 +possessed VBD 18 +early RB 18 +on IN 21 +. . 4 + +The DT 2 +son NN 9 +of IN 2 +a DT 5 +physicist NN 3 +, , 9 +Mr. NNP 8 +Hahn NNP 9 +skipped VBD 0 +first JJ 11 +grade NN 9 +because IN 9 +his PRP$ 15 +reading NN 15 +ability NN 16 +was VBD 12 +so RB 18 +far RB 19 +above IN 16 +his PRP$ 21 +classmates NNS 19 +. . 9 + +Moving VBG 7 +rapidly RB 1 +through IN 1 +school NN 3 +, , 7 +he PRP 7 +graduated VBD 0 +Phi NNP 10 +Beta NNP 10 +Kappa NNP 7 +from IN 7 +the DT 13 +University NNP 11 +of IN 13 +Kentucky NNP 14 +at IN 7 +age NN 16 +18 CD 17 +, , 7 +after IN 7 +spending VBG 20 +only RB 25 +2 CD 22 +1\/2 CD 22 +years NNS 21 +in IN 21 +college NN 26 +. . 7 + +He PRP 2 +earned VBD 0 +his PRP$ 4 +doctorate NN 2 +in IN 4 +nuclear JJ 7 +physics NN 5 +from IN 2 +the DT 11 +Massachusetts NNP 11 +Institute NNP 8 +of IN 11 +Technology NNP 12 +. . 2 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Hahn NNP 3 +agrees VBZ 15 +that IN 3 +he PRP 6 +has VBZ 4 +a DT 11 +`` `` 11 +retentive JJ 11 +'' '' 11 +memory NN 6 +, , 15 +but CC 15 +friends NNS 15 +say VBP 0 +that DT 17 +'s VBZ 15 +an DT 19 +understatement NN 17 +. . 15 + +They PRP 2 +call VBP 0 +it PRP 5 +`` `` 5 +photographic JJ 2 +'' '' 5 +. . 2 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Hahn NNP 4 +also RB 4 +has VBZ 0 +engineered VBN 4 +a DT 8 +surprising JJ 8 +turnaround NN 5 +of IN 8 +Georgia-Pacific NNP 9 +. . 4 + +Taking VBG 11 +over RP 1 +as RB 1 +chief NN 6 +executive JJ 6 +officer NN 3 +in IN 1 +1983 CD 7 +, , 11 +he PRP 11 +inherited VBD 0 +a DT 13 +company NN 11 +that WDT 13 +was VBD 14 +mired VBN 15 +in IN 16 +debt NN 17 +and CC 16 +hurt VBN 16 +by IN 20 +a DT 24 +recession-inspired JJ 24 +slide NN 21 +in IN 24 +its PRP$ 28 +building-products NNS 28 +business NN 25 +. . 11 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Hahn NNP 3 +began VBD 0 +selling VBG 3 +non-core JJ 6 +businesses NNS 4 +, , 6 +such JJ 9 +as IN 6 +oil NN 14 +and CC 14 +gas NN 14 +and CC 14 +chemicals NNS 9 +. . 3 + +He PRP 3 +even RB 3 +sold VBD 0 +one CD 5 +unit NN 3 +that WDT 5 +made VBD 6 +vinyl NN 10 +checkbook NN 10 +covers NNS 7 +. . 3 + +At IN 7 +the DT 4 +same JJ 4 +time NN 1 +, , 7 +he PRP 7 +began VBD 0 +building VBG 7 +up RP 8 +the DT 14 +pulp NN 14 +and CC 14 +paper NN 14 +segment NN 8 +of IN 14 +the DT 17 +company NN 15 +while NN 19 +refocusing NN 8 +building NN 21 +products NNS 19 +on IN 19 +home NN 26 +repair NN 26 +and CC 26 +remodeling NN 22 +, , 26 +rather RB 29 +than IN 26 +materials NNS 29 +for IN 30 +new-home JJ 33 +construction NN 31 +. . 7 + +The DT 2 +idea NN 3 +was VBD 0 +to TO 5 +buffet VB 3 +building NN 7 +products NNS 5 +from IN 5 +cycles NNS 8 +in IN 9 +new-home JJ 12 +construction NN 10 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +formula NN 3 +has VBZ 0 +paid VBN 3 +off RP 4 +, , 4 +so RB 4 +far RB 7 +. . 3 + +Georgia-Pacific NNP 2 +'s POS 3 +sales NNS 4 +climbed VBD 0 +to TO 4 +$ $ 5 +9.5 CD 6 +billion CD 6 +last JJ 10 +year NN 4 +, , 4 +compared VBN 4 +with IN 12 +$ $ 13 +6 CD 14 +billion CD 14 +in IN 14 +1983 CD 17 +, , 18 +when WRB 18 +Mr. NNP 22 +Hahn NNP 23 +took VBD 20 +the DT 25 +reins NNS 23 +. . 4 + +Profit NN 5 +from IN 1 +continuing VBG 4 +operations NNS 2 +has VBZ 0 +soared VBN 5 +to TO 6 +$ $ 7 +467 CD 8 +million CD 8 +from IN 6 +$ $ 11 +75 CD 12 +million CD 12 +. . 5 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Hahn NNP 3 +attributes VBZ 0 +the DT 5 +gains NNS 3 +to TO 3 +the DT 8 +philosophy NN 6 +of IN 8 +concentrating VBG 9 +on IN 10 +what WP 11 +a DT 14 +company NN 15 +knows VBZ 12 +best JJS 15 +. . 3 + +`` `` 9 +The DT 3 +record NN 9 +of IN 3 +companies NNS 4 +that WDT 5 +have VBP 6 +diversified VBN 7 +is VBZ 17 +n't RB 9 +all DT 9 +that DT 11 +impressive JJ 11 +, , 9 +'' '' 9 +he PRP 17 +says VBZ 0 +. . 17 + +Nekoosa NNP 2 +would MD 0 +n't RB 2 +be VB 2 +a DT 6 +diversification NN 4 +. . 2 + +It PRP 2 +would MD 0 +be VB 2 +a DT 6 +good JJ 6 +match NN 3 +, , 13 +Mr. NNP 9 +Hahn NNP 12 +and CC 12 +many JJ 12 +analysts NNS 13 +say VBP 6 +, , 13 +of IN 6 +two CD 18 +healthy JJ 18 +companies NNS 15 +with IN 18 +high-quality JJ 21 +assets NNS 24 +and CC 24 +strong JJ 24 +cash NN 19 +flows VBZ 24 +. . 2 + +The DT 3 +resulting VBG 3 +company NN 4 +would MD 0 +be VB 4 +the DT 9 +largest JJS 9 +forest-products NNS 9 +concern NN 5 +in IN 9 +the DT 12 +world NN 10 +with IN 9 +combined VBN 15 +sales NNS 13 +of IN 15 +more JJR 19 +than IN 19 +$ $ 16 +13 CD 19 +billion CD 19 +. . 4 + +But CC 2 +can MD 0 +Mr. NNP 4 +Hahn NNP 2 +carry VB 2 +it PRP 5 +off IN 5 +? . 2 + +In IN 10 +this DT 3 +instance NN 1 +, , 7 +industry NN 6 +observers NNS 7 +say VBP 10 +, , 7 +he PRP 10 +is VBZ 0 +entering VBG 10 +uncharted JJ 13 +waters NNS 11 +. . 10 + +Says VBZ 0 +Kathryn NNP 3 +McAuley NNP 6 +, , 6 +an DT 6 +analyst NN 1 +at IN 6 +First NNP 10 +Manhattan NNP 10 +Co. NNP 7 +: : 1 +`` `` 1 +This DT 14 +is VBZ 1 +the DT 18 +greatest JJS 18 +acquisition NN 18 +challenge NN 14 +he PRP 20 +has VBZ 18 +faced VBN 20 +. . 1 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0103.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0103.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19b82b26730c9720473aeb88196688470a2c55ae --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0103.dp @@ -0,0 +1,560 @@ +The DT 3 +Labor NNP 3 +Department NNP 4 +cited VBD 0 +USX NNP 6 +Corp. NNP 4 +for IN 4 +numerous JJ 12 +health NN 12 +and CC 12 +safety NN 12 +violations NNS 7 +at IN 12 +two CD 16 +Pennsylvania NNP 16 +plants NNS 13 +, , 4 +and CC 4 +proposed VBD 4 +$ $ 28 +7.3 CD 20 +million CD 20 +in IN 20 +fines NNS 23 +, , 28 +the DT 28 +largest JJS 28 +penalty NN 19 +ever RB 30 +proposed VBN 28 +for IN 28 +alleged VBN 34 +workplace NN 34 +violations NNS 31 +by IN 34 +an DT 37 +employer NN 35 +. . 4 + +The DT 3 +department NN 3 +'s POS 8 +Occupational NNP 8 +Safety NNP 8 +and CC 8 +Health NNP 8 +Administration NNP 9 +proposed VBD 31 +fines NNS 9 +of IN 10 +$ $ 11 +6.1 CD 12 +million CD 12 +for IN 10 +alleged VBN 17 +violations NNS 15 +at IN 17 +the DT 21 +company NN 21 +'s POS 28 +Fairless NNP 25 +Hills NNP 25 +, , 25 +Pa. NNP 28 +, , 25 +steel NN 28 +mill NN 18 +; : 31 +that DT 31 +was VBD 0 +a DT 33 +record NN 31 +for IN 33 +proposed VBN 36 +penalties NNS 34 +at IN 36 +any DT 40 +single JJ 40 +facility NN 37 +. . 31 + +OSHA NNP 2 +cited VBD 0 +nearly RB 6 +1,500 CD 3 +alleged VBN 6 +violations NNS 2 +of IN 6 +federal JJ 16 +electrical JJ 16 +, , 9 +crane-safety NN 9 +, , 9 +record-keeping NN 9 +and CC 9 +other JJ 9 +requirements NNS 7 +. . 2 + +A DT 3 +second JJ 3 +citation NN 14 +covering VBG 3 +the DT 7 +company NN 7 +'s POS 13 +Clairton NNP 10 +, , 10 +Pa. NNP 13 +, , 10 +coke NN 13 +works NNS 4 +involved VBD 0 +more JJR 16 +than IN 19 +200 CD 16 +alleged VBN 19 +violations NNS 14 +of IN 19 +electrical-safety JJ 24 +and CC 24 +other JJ 24 +requirements NNS 20 +, , 19 +for IN 19 +which WDT 26 +OSHA NNP 29 +proposed VBD 26 +$ $ 29 +1.2 CD 30 +million CD 30 +in IN 30 +fines NNS 33 +. . 14 + +Labor NNP 4 +Secretary NNP 4 +Elizabeth NNP 4 +Dole NNP 5 +said VBD 0 +, , 5 +`` `` 5 +The DT 9 +magnitude NN 15 +of IN 9 +these DT 14 +penalties NNS 14 +and CC 14 +citations NNS 10 +is VBZ 5 +matched VBN 15 +only RB 18 +by IN 16 +the DT 20 +magnitude NN 18 +of IN 20 +the DT 23 +hazards NNS 21 +to TO 23 +workers NNS 24 +which WDT 20 +resulted VBD 26 +from IN 27 +corporate JJ 30 +indifference NN 39 +to TO 30 +worker NN 35 +safety NN 35 +and CC 35 +health NN 31 +, , 39 +and CC 39 +severe JJ 39 +cutbacks NNS 28 +in IN 39 +the DT 45 +maintenance NN 45 +and CC 45 +repair NN 45 +programs NNS 40 +needed VBN 45 +to TO 48 +remove VB 46 +those DT 50 +hazards NNS 48 +. . 5 +'' '' 5 + +OSHA NNP 2 +said VBD 0 +there EX 4 +have VBP 2 +been VBN 4 +three CD 8 +worker NN 8 +fatalities NNS 20 +at IN 8 +the DT 12 +two CD 12 +plants NNS 9 +in IN 8 +the DT 17 +past JJ 17 +two CD 17 +years NNS 13 +and CC 20 +17 CD 20 +deaths NNS 5 +since IN 20 +1972 CD 21 +. . 2 + +Gerard NNP 2 +Scannell NNP 5 +, , 5 +the DT 5 +head NN 9 +of IN 5 +OSHA NNP 6 +, , 5 +said VBD 0 +USX NNP 11 +managers NNS 12 +have VBP 9 +known VBN 12 +about IN 13 +many JJ 14 +of IN 15 +the DT 21 +safety NN 21 +and CC 21 +health NN 21 +deficiencies NNS 16 +at IN 21 +the DT 24 +plants NNS 22 +for IN 13 +years NNS 25 +, , 12 +`` `` 12 +yet RB 12 +have VBP 12 +failed VBN 30 +to TO 33 +take VB 31 +necessary JJ 35 +action NN 33 +to TO 37 +counteract VB 33 +the DT 39 +hazards NNS 37 +. . 9 +'' '' 9 + +`` `` 11 +Particularly RB 3 +flagrant JJ 11 +, , 8 +'' '' 8 +Mrs. NNP 7 +Dole NNP 8 +said VBD 11 +, , 8 +`` `` 8 +are VBP 0 +the DT 14 +company NN 14 +'s POS 16 +numerous JJ 16 +failures NNS 11 +to TO 19 +properly RB 19 +record VB 16 +injuries NNS 19 +at IN 20 +its PRP$ 24 +Fairless NNP 24 +works NNS 21 +, , 19 +in IN 19 +spite NN 26 +of IN 27 +the DT 31 +firm JJ 31 +promise NN 28 +it PRP 33 +had VBD 31 +made VBN 33 +in IN 34 +an DT 40 +earlier JJR 40 +corporate-wide JJ 40 +settlement NN 40 +agreement NN 35 +to TO 42 +correct VB 40 +such JJ 44 +discrepancies NNS 42 +. . 11 +'' '' 11 + +That DT 2 +settlement NN 3 +was VBD 0 +in IN 3 +April NNP 4 +1987 CD 5 +. . 3 + +A DT 3 +USX NNP 3 +spokesman NN 4 +said VBD 0 +the DT 6 +company NN 7 +had VBD 4 +n't RB 7 +yet RB 7 +received VBN 7 +any DT 12 +documents NNS 10 +from IN 10 +OSHA NNP 13 +regarding VBG 10 +the DT 19 +penalty NN 19 +or CC 19 +fine NN 15 +. . 4 + +`` `` 7 +Once IN 7 +we PRP 4 +do VBP 2 +, , 7 +they PRP 7 +will MD 16 +receive VB 7 +very RB 11 +serious JJ 11 +evaluation NN 8 +, , 7 +'' '' 7 +the DT 15 +spokesman NN 16 +said VBD 0 +. . 16 + +`` `` 4 +No DT 3 +consideration NN 4 +is VBZ 0 +more RBR 6 +important JJ 4 +than IN 6 +the DT 11 +health NN 11 +and CC 11 +safety NN 7 +of IN 11 +our PRP$ 14 +employees NNS 12 +. . 4 +'' '' 4 + +USX NNP 2 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 4 +has VBZ 2 +been VBN 4 +cooperating VBG 5 +with IN 6 +OSHA NNP 7 +since IN 6 +the DT 11 +agency NN 12 +began VBD 9 +investigating VBG 12 +the DT 18 +Clairton NNP 18 +and CC 18 +Fairless NNP 18 +works NNS 13 +. . 2 + +He PRP 2 +said VBD 0 +that IN 2 +, , 3 +if IN 7 +and CC 7 +when WRB 14 +safety NN 9 +problems NNS 10 +were VBD 7 +identified VBN 10 +, , 14 +they PRP 14 +were VBD 3 +corrected VBN 14 +. . 2 + +The DT 3 +USX NNP 3 +citations NNS 4 +represented VBD 0 +the DT 9 +first JJ 9 +sizable JJ 9 +enforcement NN 9 +action NN 4 +taken VBN 9 +by IN 10 +OSHA NNP 11 +under IN 10 +Mr. NNP 15 +Scannell NNP 13 +. . 4 + +He PRP 2 +has VBZ 0 +promised VBN 2 +stiffer JJR 5 +fines NNS 3 +, , 3 +though IN 3 +the DT 9 +size NN 15 +of IN 9 +penalties NNS 10 +sought VBN 11 +by IN 12 +OSHA NNP 13 +have VBP 7 +been VBN 15 +rising VBG 16 +in IN 17 +recent JJ 20 +years NNS 18 +even RB 22 +before IN 17 +he PRP 24 +took VBD 22 +office NN 24 +this DT 27 +year NN 24 +. . 2 + +`` `` 33 +The DT 4 +big JJ 4 +problem NN 5 +is VBZ 33 +that IN 5 +USX NNP 8 +management NN 9 +has VBZ 6 +proved VBN 9 +unwilling JJ 10 +to TO 13 +devote VB 11 +the DT 18 +necessary JJ 18 +resources NNS 18 +and CC 18 +manpower NN 13 +to TO 13 +removing VBG 19 +hazards NNS 20 +and CC 19 +to TO 19 +safeguarding VBG 23 +safety NN 27 +and CC 27 +health NN 24 +in IN 27 +the DT 30 +plants NNS 28 +, , 33 +'' '' 33 +said VBD 0 +Linda NNP 35 +Anku NNP 39 +, , 39 +OSHA NNP 39 +regional JJ 39 +administrator NN 33 +in IN 39 +Philadelphia NNP 40 +. . 33 + +USX NNP 2 +has VBZ 0 +15 CD 5 +working NN 5 +days NNS 2 +to TO 7 +contest VB 5 +the DT 12 +citations NNS 12 +and CC 12 +proposed VBN 12 +penalties NNS 7 +, , 7 +before IN 7 +the DT 22 +independent JJ 22 +Occupational NNP 22 +Safety NNP 22 +and CC 22 +Health NNP 22 +Review NNP 22 +Commission NNP 14 +. . 2 + +Before IN 14 +the DT 4 +USX NNP 4 +case NN 1 +, , 14 +OSHA NNP 7 +'s POS 10 +largest JJS 10 +proposed VBN 10 +fine NN 14 +for IN 10 +one CD 13 +employer NN 11 +was VBD 0 +$ $ 14 +4.3 CD 15 +million CD 15 +for IN 15 +alleged VBN 21 +safety NN 21 +violations NNS 18 +at IN 21 +John NNP 26 +Morrell NNP 26 +& CC 26 +Co. NNP 30 +, , 30 +a DT 30 +meatpacking NN 30 +subsidiary NN 22 +of IN 30 +United NNP 34 +Brands NNP 34 +Co. NNP 36 +, , 36 +Cincinnati NNP 31 +. . 14 + +The DT 2 +company NN 3 +is VBZ 0 +contesting VBG 3 +the DT 6 +fine NN 4 +. . 3 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0104.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0104.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f161b8a2dab02f433dd754fe1d9ad3c35cba5394 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0104.dp @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +Due JJ 21 +to TO 1 +an DT 5 +editing NN 5 +error NN 2 +, , 21 +a DT 8 +letter NN 21 +to TO 8 +the DT 11 +editor NN 9 +in IN 8 +yesterday NN 14 +'s POS 15 +edition NN 12 +from IN 8 +Frederick NNP 19 +H. NNP 19 +Hallett NNP 16 +mistakenly RB 21 +identified VBD 0 +the DT 23 +NRDC NNP 21 +. . 21 + +It PRP 2 +should MD 0 +be VB 2 +the DT 8 +Natural NNP 8 +Resources NNPS 8 +Defense NNP 8 +Council NNP 3 +. . 2 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0106.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0106.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4937d52add745b35b392c9c87ce2658a940193fc --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0106.dp @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +ROGERS NNP 3 +COMMUNICATIONS NNP 3 +Inc. NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 6 +plans VBZ 4 +to TO 8 +raise VB 6 +175 CD 13 +million CD 13 +to TO 13 +180 CD 13 +million CD 15 +Canadian JJ 15 +dollars NNS 8 +-LRB- -LRB- 21 +US$ $ 21 +148.9 CD 21 +million CD 21 +to TO 21 +$ $ 15 +153.3 CD 21 +million CD 21 +-RRB- -RRB- 21 +through IN 8 +a DT 28 +private JJ 28 +placement NN 25 +of IN 28 +perpetual JJ 32 +preferred VBN 32 +shares NNS 29 +. . 4 + +Perpetual JJ 3 +preferred VBN 3 +shares NNS 4 +are VBP 13 +n't RB 4 +retractable JJ 4 +by IN 6 +the DT 9 +holders NNS 7 +, , 13 +the DT 12 +company NN 13 +said VBD 0 +. . 13 + +Rogers NNP 2 +said VBD 0 +the DT 4 +shares NNS 5 +will MD 14 +be VB 5 +convertible JJ 6 +into IN 7 +Class NNP 11 +B NNP 11 +shares NNS 8 +, , 14 +but CC 14 +that IN 2 +the DT 16 +company NN 17 +has VBZ 14 +the DT 19 +option NN 17 +to TO 21 +redeem VB 19 +the DT 23 +shares NNS 21 +before IN 21 +a DT 26 +conversion NN 27 +takes VBZ 24 +place NN 27 +. . 2 + +A DT 2 +spokesman NN 11 +for IN 2 +the DT 10 +Toronto NNP 10 +cable NN 10 +television NN 10 +and CC 10 +telecommunications NNS 10 +concern NN 3 +said VBD 0 +the DT 14 +coupon NN 14 +rate NN 15 +has VBZ 11 +n't RB 15 +yet RB 15 +been VBN 15 +fixed VBN 18 +, , 15 +but CC 15 +will MD 15 +probably RB 22 +be VB 22 +set VBN 24 +at IN 25 +around IN 29 +8 CD 27 +% NN 26 +. . 11 + +He PRP 2 +declined VBD 0 +to TO 4 +discuss VB 2 +other JJ 6 +terms NNS 4 +of IN 6 +the DT 9 +issue NN 7 +. . 2 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0108.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0108.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f2d632b064434636a99c84166aba5b326d1fcd7 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0108.dp @@ -0,0 +1,1455 @@ +Follow-up JJ 2 +report NN 0 +: : 2 + +You PRP 3 +now RB 3 +may MD 0 +drop VB 3 +by IN 4 +the DT 10 +Voice NNP 10 +of IN 7 +America NNP 8 +offices NNS 5 +in IN 10 +Washington NNP 11 +and CC 4 +read VB 4 +the DT 16 +text NN 14 +of IN 16 +what WP 17 +the DT 20 +Voice NNP 21 +is VBZ 18 +broadcasting VBG 21 +to TO 22 +those DT 27 +130 CD 27 +million CD 27 +people NNS 23 +around IN 27 +the DT 30 +world NN 28 +who WP 27 +tune VBP 31 +in RP 32 +to TO 32 +it PRP 34 +each DT 37 +week NN 32 +. . 3 + +You PRP 2 +can MD 0 +even RB 2 +take VB 2 +notes NNS 4 +-- : 14 +extensive JJ 8 +notes NNS 14 +, , 14 +for IN 14 +the DT 13 +Voice NNP 13 +folks NNS 14 +wo MD 5 +n't RB 14 +look VB 14 +over IN 16 +your PRP$ 19 +shoulder NN 17 +-- : 14 +about IN 5 +what WP 21 +you PRP 24 +read VBP 22 +. . 2 + +You PRP 2 +can MD 0 +do VB 2 +all PDT 5 +this DT 3 +even RB 7 +if IN 3 +you PRP 9 +'re VBP 7 +not RB 9 +a DT 12 +reporter NN 21 +or CC 21 +a DT 15 +researcher NN 21 +or CC 21 +a DT 18 +scholar NN 21 +or CC 21 +a DT 21 +member NN 9 +of IN 21 +Congress NNP 22 +. . 2 + +And CC 4 +my PRP$ 3 +newspaper NN 4 +can MD 0 +print VB 4 +the DT 7 +text NN 5 +of IN 7 +those DT 10 +broadcasts NNS 8 +. . 4 + +Until IN 14 +the DT 4 +other JJ 4 +day NN 1 +, , 14 +you PRP 14 +as IN 6 +an DT 10 +ordinary JJ 10 +citizen NN 7 +of IN 10 +this DT 13 +democracy NN 11 +had VBD 0 +no DT 16 +right NN 14 +to TO 18 +see VB 16 +what WP 18 +your PRP$ 21 +government NN 22 +was VBD 19 +telling VBG 22 +your PRP$ 25 +cousins NNS 23 +around IN 25 +the DT 28 +world NN 26 +. . 14 + +That DT 2 +was VBD 0 +the DT 4 +law NN 2 +. . 2 + +And CC 4 +I PRP 4 +apparently RB 4 +had VBD 0 +no DT 6 +right NN 4 +to TO 8 +print VB 6 +hither RB 8 +what WP 8 +the DT 12 +Voice NNP 13 +was VBD 10 +booming VBG 13 +to TO 14 +yon RB 15 +. . 4 + +It PRP 2 +was VBD 0 +censorship NN 2 +. . 2 + +It PRP 2 +was VBD 0 +outrageous JJ 2 +. . 2 + +And CC 3 +it PRP 3 +was VBD 0 +stupid JJ 3 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +theory NN 3 +was VBD 0 +that IN 3 +the DT 6 +Voice NNP 7 +is VBZ 14 +a DT 10 +propaganda NN 10 +agency NN 7 +and CC 14 +this DT 13 +government NN 14 +should MD 4 +n't RB 14 +propagandize VB 14 +its PRP$ 19 +own JJ 19 +people NNS 16 +. . 3 + +That DT 2 +sounds VBZ 12 +neat JJ 2 +, , 12 +but CC 12 +this DT 7 +government NN 12 +-- : 10 +any DT 10 +government NN 7 +-- : 10 +propagandizes VBZ 0 +its PRP$ 15 +own JJ 15 +people NNS 12 +every DT 17 +day NN 12 +. . 12 + +Government NNP 3 +press NN 3 +releases NNS 14 +, , 14 +speeches NNS 14 +, , 14 +briefings NNS 14 +, , 14 +tours NNS 14 +of IN 9 +military JJ 12 +facilities NNS 10 +, , 14 +publications NNS 15 +are VBP 0 +all DT 17 +propaganda NN 15 +of IN 17 +sorts NNS 18 +. . 15 + +Propaganda NN 2 +is VBZ 16 +just RB 2 +information NN 2 +to TO 6 +support VB 4 +a DT 8 +viewpoint NN 6 +, , 16 +and CC 16 +the DT 12 +beauty NN 16 +of IN 12 +a DT 15 +democracy NN 13 +is VBZ 0 +that IN 16 +it PRP 19 +enables VBZ 17 +you PRP 22 +to TO 22 +hear VB 19 +or CC 22 +read VB 22 +every DT 26 +viewpoint NN 22 +and CC 22 +then RB 29 +make VB 22 +up RP 29 +your PRP$ 33 +own JJ 33 +mind NN 29 +on IN 29 +an DT 36 +issue NN 34 +. . 16 + +The DT 2 +restrictions NNS 10 +on IN 2 +viewing VBG 6 +and CC 6 +dissemination NN 3 +of IN 6 +Voice NNP 9 +material NN 7 +were VBD 20 +especially RB 12 +absurd JJ 10 +: : 20 +An DT 15 +agency NN 20 +in IN 15 +the DT 19 +information NN 19 +business NN 16 +was VBD 0 +not RB 20 +being VBG 20 +allowed VBN 22 +to TO 25 +inform VB 23 +. . 20 + +In IN 6 +June NNP 1 +1988 CD 2 +, , 6 +I PRP 6 +wrote VBD 0 +in IN 6 +this DT 9 +space NN 7 +about IN 6 +this DT 12 +issue NN 10 +. . 6 + +Assuming VBG 20 +it PRP 3 +was VBD 1 +n't RB 3 +one CD 3 +of IN 5 +those DT 8 +columns NNS 6 +that IN 5 +you PRP 11 +clipped VBD 9 +and CC 11 +put VBD 11 +on IN 13 +the DT 17 +refrigerator NN 17 +door NN 14 +, , 20 +I PRP 20 +'ll MD 0 +review VB 20 +the DT 23 +facts NNS 21 +. . 20 + +The DT 2 +Voice NNP 5 +of IN 2 +America NNP 3 +is VBZ 0 +a DT 8 +government NN 8 +agency NN 5 +that WDT 8 +broadcasts VBZ 9 +news NN 13 +and CC 13 +views NNS 10 +-- : 16 +some DT 16 +might MD 13 +say VB 16 +propaganda NN 17 +-- : 16 +in IN 10 +43 CD 22 +languages NNS 20 +to TO 10 +130 CD 25 +million CD 26 +listeners NNS 23 +around IN 26 +the DT 29 +world NN 27 +. . 5 + +It PRP 2 +does VBZ 0 +a DT 5 +first-rate JJ 5 +job NN 2 +. . 2 + +Its PRP$ 2 +budget NN 3 +$ $ 7 +184 CD 3 +million CD 3 +-- : 3 +is VBZ 0 +paid VBN 7 +for IN 8 +by IN 8 +you PRP 10 +. . 7 + +But CC 5 +a DT 4 +1948 CD 4 +law NN 5 +barred VBD 0 +the DT 8 +`` `` 8 +dissemination NN 5 +'' '' 8 +of IN 8 +that DT 12 +material NN 10 +in IN 8 +the DT 15 +U.S. NNP 13 +. . 5 + +The DT 2 +law NN 3 +let VBD 24 +scholars NNS 8 +, , 8 +reporters NNS 8 +and CC 8 +researchers NNS 9 +read VB 3 +texts NNS 9 +of IN 10 +VOA NNP 13 +material NN 11 +, , 9 +only RB 16 +at IN 9 +VOA NNP 18 +headquarters NNS 16 +in IN 18 +Washington NNP 19 +, , 24 +but CC 24 +it PRP 24 +barred VBD 0 +them PRP 24 +from IN 24 +copying VBG 26 +texts NNS 27 +. . 24 + +And CC 7 +, , 7 +of IN 7 +course NN 3 +, , 7 +there EX 7 +'s VBZ 0 +that DT 9 +word NN 11 +`` `` 11 +dissemination NN 7 +. . 7 +'' '' 7 + +How WRB 2 +'s VBZ 0 +that DT 2 +again RB 2 +? . 2 + +`` `` 23 +You PRP 3 +may MD 23 +come VB 3 +by IN 4 +the DT 7 +agency NN 5 +to TO 9 +read VB 4 +but CC 9 +not RB 9 +copy VB 9 +either DT 12 +manually RB 13 +or CC 13 +by IN 13 +photocopying VBG 16 +, , 23 +'' '' 23 +a DT 22 +Voice NNP 22 +official NN 23 +explained VBD 0 +when WRB 23 +I PRP 26 +asked VBD 24 +. . 23 + +What WP 0 +if IN 1 +I PRP 4 +tune VBP 2 +in RP 4 +my PRP$ 8 +short-wave JJ 8 +radio NN 4 +, , 4 +transcribe VBP 4 +an DT 14 +editorial NN 14 +or CC 14 +program NN 10 +, , 4 +and CC 4 +print VBP 4 +it PRP 17 +in IN 17 +my PRP$ 21 +newspaper NN 19 +? . 1 + +`` `` 13 +Nor CC 3 +are VBP 13 +you PRP 3 +free JJ 3 +to TO 7 +reprint VB 5 +such JJ 9 +material NN 7 +, , 13 +'' '' 13 +I PRP 13 +was VBD 0 +advised VBN 13 +. . 13 + +That WDT 2 +sounded VBD 20 +a DT 4 +lot NN 5 +like IN 2 +censorship NN 5 +, , 20 +so RB 20 +after IN 20 +years NNS 9 +of IN 10 +letters NNS 14 +and CC 14 +conversations NNS 11 +that WDT 14 +went VBD 15 +nowhere RB 16 +, , 20 +I PRP 20 +sued VBD 0 +. . 20 + +A DT 2 +couple NN 5 +of IN 2 +weeks NNS 3 +ago IN 8 +, , 8 +I PRP 8 +lost VBD 0 +the DT 10 +case NN 8 +in IN 8 +federal JJ 14 +district NN 14 +court NN 11 +in IN 14 +Des NNP 17 +Moines NNP 15 +. . 8 + +At IN 5 +least JJS 1 +, , 5 +that DT 5 +'s VBZ 0 +the DT 7 +way NN 5 +it PRP 9 +was VBD 7 +reported VBN 9 +. . 5 + +And CC 7 +, , 7 +indeed RB 7 +, , 7 +the DT 6 +lawsuit NN 7 +was VBD 0 +dismissed VBN 7 +. . 7 + +But CC 19 +I PRP 19 +-- : 5 +I PRP 5 +like VBP 2 +to TO 7 +think VB 5 +of IN 7 +it PRP 8 +in IN 7 +terms NNS 10 +of IN 11 +we PRP 15 +, , 15 +all DT 12 +of IN 15 +us PRP 16 +-- : 5 +won VBD 0 +the DT 21 +point NN 19 +. . 19 + +For IN 24 +a DT 4 +funny JJ 4 +thing NN 1 +happened VBD 1 +on IN 5 +the DT 8 +way NN 6 +to TO 8 +the DT 11 +ruling NN 9 +: : 24 +The DT 17 +United NNP 17 +States NNPS 17 +Information NNP 17 +Agency NNP 24 +, , 17 +which WDT 17 +runs VBZ 19 +the DT 22 +Voice NNP 20 +, , 17 +changed VBD 0 +its PRP$ 26 +position NN 24 +on IN 26 +three CD 30 +key JJ 30 +points NNS 27 +. . 24 + +-- : 4 +The DT 3 +USIA NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +that IN 4 +, , 13 +on IN 13 +reflection NN 7 +, , 13 +of IN 13 +course NN 10 +I PRP 13 +could MD 5 +print VB 13 +anything NN 14 +I PRP 17 +could MD 15 +get VB 17 +my PRP$ 20 +hands NNS 18 +on IN 18 +. . 4 + +The DT 2 +word NN 3 +dissemination NN 8 +, , 6 +it PRP 6 +decided VBD 8 +, , 6 +referred VBD 0 +only RB 10 +to TO 8 +itself PRP 10 +. . 8 + +`` `` 38 +The DT 3 +USIA NNP 7 +officially RB 7 +and CC 4 +publicly RB 4 +declared VBD 38 +the DT 10 +absolute JJ 10 +right NN 7 +of IN 10 +everyone NN 11 +except IN 12 +the DT 15 +USIA NNP 13 +to TO 17 +disseminate VB 10 +agency NN 20 +program NN 20 +materials NNS 17 +in IN 17 +the DT 24 +United NNP 24 +States NNPS 21 +, , 38 +'' '' 38 +my PRP$ 28 +lawyer NN 33 +, , 33 +the DT 33 +scholarly JJ 33 +Mark NNP 33 +McCormick NNP 38 +of IN 33 +Des NNP 36 +Moines NNP 34 +, , 33 +said VBD 0 +in IN 38 +a DT 41 +memo NN 39 +pointing VBG 41 +out RP 42 +the DT 45 +facts NNS 42 +and CC 42 +trying VBG 42 +to TO 49 +make VB 47 +me PRP 51 +feel VB 49 +good JJ 51 +after IN 38 +the DT 55 +press NN 56 +reported VBD 53 +that IN 56 +I PRP 59 +had VBD 57 +lost VBN 59 +. . 38 + +The DT 2 +court NN 3 +noted VBD 0 +the DT 7 +new JJ 7 +USIA NNP 7 +position NN 3 +but CC 3 +, , 10 +just RB 3 +in IN 10 +case NN 11 +, , 10 +officially RB 15 +found VBN 3 +`` `` 15 +that IN 15 +Congress NNP 19 +did VBD 17 +not RB 19 +intend VB 19 +to TO 23 +preclude VB 21 +plaintiffs NNS 23 +from IN 23 +disseminating VBG 25 +USIA NNP 28 +information NN 26 +domestically RB 26 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +-- : 4 +The DT 3 +USIA NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +that IN 4 +, , 11 +on IN 11 +reflection NN 7 +, , 11 +anyone NN 11 +could MD 5 +view VB 11 +the DT 15 +VOA NNP 15 +materials NNS 12 +, , 12 +not RB 26 +just RB 17 +the DT 26 +reporters NNS 26 +, , 26 +scholars NNS 26 +, , 26 +researchers NNS 26 +and CC 26 +congressmen NNS 12 +who WP 26 +are VBP 27 +mentioned VBN 28 +in IN 29 +the DT 32 +statute NN 30 +. . 4 + +`` `` 52 +The DT 3 +USIA NNP 7 +publicly RB 7 +and CC 4 +officially RB 4 +stated VBD 52 +in IN 7 +the DT 10 +litigation NN 8 +that IN 7 +all DT 13 +persons NNS 14 +are VBP 11 +allowed VBN 14 +access NN 15 +to TO 16 +the DT 19 +materials NNS 17 +, , 15 +notwithstanding IN 15 +the DT 24 +statutory JJ 24 +designations NNS 21 +, , 15 +because IN 15 +the DT 28 +USIA NNP 29 +has VBZ 26 +determined VBN 29 +that IN 30 +it PRP 33 +will MD 31 +not RB 33 +check VB 33 +the DT 37 +credentials NNS 35 +of IN 37 +any DT 40 +person NN 38 +appearing VBG 40 +and CC 41 +requesting VBG 41 +to TO 45 +see VB 43 +the DT 47 +materials NNS 45 +, , 52 +'' '' 52 +Mr. NNP 51 +McCormick NNP 52 +noted VBD 0 +. . 52 + +-- : 5 +And CC 5 +the DT 4 +USIA NNP 5 +said VBD 0 +that IN 5 +all DT 10 +of IN 7 +us PRP 8 +could MD 6 +take VB 10 +extensive JJ 13 +notes NNS 11 +. . 5 + +`` `` 51 +The DT 3 +agency NN 7 +publicly RB 7 +and CC 4 +officially RB 4 +declared VBD 51 +in IN 7 +the DT 10 +lawsuit NN 8 +that IN 7 +persons NNS 17 +who WP 12 +examine VBP 13 +the DT 16 +materials NNS 14 +may MD 37 +make VB 17 +notes NNS 18 +and CC 37 +, , 37 +while IN 37 +the DT 25 +agency NN 25 +position NN 26 +is VBZ 22 +that IN 26 +persons NNS 29 +may MD 27 +not RB 29 +take VB 29 +verbatim JJ 33 +notes NNS 31 +, , 37 +no DT 36 +one NN 37 +will MD 11 +check VB 37 +to TO 40 +determine VB 38 +what WDT 40 +notes NNS 41 +a DT 44 +person NN 45 +has VBZ 41 +taken VBN 45 +, , 51 +'' '' 51 +Mr. NNP 50 +McCormick NNP 51 +reported VBD 0 +. . 51 + +I PRP 2 +had VBD 24 +sought VBN 2 +, , 3 +in IN 3 +my PRP$ 7 +suit NN 5 +, , 3 +the DT 10 +right NN 3 +to TO 12 +print VB 10 +Voice NNP 14 +material NN 12 +, , 10 +which WDT 10 +had VBD 16 +been VBN 17 +denied VBN 18 +me PRP 19 +, , 24 +and CC 24 +I PRP 24 +had VBD 0 +sought VBN 24 +a DT 27 +right NN 25 +to TO 29 +receive VB 27 +the DT 31 +information NN 29 +, , 25 +arguing VBG 25 +in IN 33 +effect NN 34 +that IN 33 +a DT 38 +right NN 43 +to TO 40 +print VB 38 +government NN 42 +information NN 40 +is VBZ 36 +n't RB 43 +very RB 46 +helpful JJ 43 +if IN 43 +I PRP 49 +have VBP 47 +no DT 51 +right NN 49 +to TO 53 +get VB 51 +the DT 55 +information NN 53 +. . 24 + +But CC 4 +the DT 3 +court NN 4 +disagreed VBD 0 +. . 4 + +`` `` 22 +The DT 4 +First NNP 4 +Amendment NNP 5 +proscribes VBZ 22 +the DT 7 +government NN 5 +from IN 5 +passing VBG 8 +laws NNS 9 +abridging VBG 10 +the DT 13 +right NN 11 +to TO 13 +free JJ 16 +speech NN 14 +, , 22 +'' '' 22 +Judge NNP 21 +Donald NNP 21 +O'Brien NNP 22 +ruled VBD 0 +. . 22 + +`` `` 5 +The DT 4 +First NNP 4 +Amendment NNP 5 +does VBZ 0 +not RB 5 +prescribe VB 5 +a DT 9 +duty NN 7 +upon IN 9 +the DT 12 +government NN 10 +to TO 14 +assure VB 9 +easy JJ 16 +access NN 14 +to TO 16 +information NN 17 +for IN 14 +members NNS 19 +of IN 20 +the DT 23 +press NN 21 +. . 5 +'' '' 5 + +So IN 0 +now RB 1 +the DT 4 +situation NN 1 +is VBZ 1 +this DT 5 +: : 1 + +You PRP 2 +have VBP 0 +a DT 4 +right NN 2 +to TO 6 +read VB 4 +Voice NNP 10 +of IN 7 +America NNP 8 +scripts NNS 6 +if IN 2 +you PRP 13 +do VBP 11 +n't RB 13 +mind VB 13 +traveling VBG 24 +to TO 16 +Washington NNP 17 +every DT 20 +week NN 16 +or CC 22 +so RB 20 +and CC 24 +visiting VBG 15 +the DT 27 +Voice NNP 27 +office NN 24 +during IN 24 +business NN 30 +hours NNS 28 +. . 2 + +I PRP 2 +have VBP 0 +a DT 4 +right NN 2 +to TO 6 +print VB 4 +those DT 8 +scripts NNS 6 +if IN 2 +I PRP 11 +go VBP 9 +there RB 11 +and CC 11 +laboriously RB 21 +-- : 19 +but CC 19 +no RB 19 +longer JJR 17 +surreptitiously RB 14 +-- : 19 +copy VBP 11 +them PRP 21 +out RP 21 +in IN 21 +long JJ 26 +hand NN 24 +. . 2 + +But CC 5 +neither DT 5 +of IN 2 +us PRP 3 +can MD 0 +copy VB 5 +the DT 8 +material NN 6 +on IN 6 +a DT 12 +Xerox NNP 12 +machine NN 9 +or CC 6 +have VB 6 +it PRP 16 +sent VBN 14 +to TO 16 +us PRP 17 +. . 5 + +In IN 24 +an DT 3 +era NN 1 +when WRB 3 +every DT 7 +government NN 7 +agency NN 8 +has VBZ 4 +a DT 11 +public-relations NNS 11 +machine NN 8 +that WDT 11 +sends VBZ 12 +you PRP 13 +stuff NN 13 +whether IN 13 +you PRP 18 +want VBP 16 +it PRP 18 +or CC 16 +not RB 16 +, , 24 +this DT 24 +does VBZ 0 +seem VB 24 +odd JJ 25 +. . 24 + +Indeed RB 5 +, , 5 +Judge NNP 4 +O'Brien NNP 5 +ruled VBD 0 +that IN 5 +`` `` 30 +it PRP 9 +would MD 30 +be VB 9 +easy JJ 10 +to TO 13 +conclude VB 10 +that IN 13 +the DT 17 +USIA NNP 17 +'s POS 18 +position NN 19 +is VBZ 14 +` `` 19 +inappropriate JJ 24 +or CC 24 +even RB 24 +stupid JJ 19 +, , 30 +' '' 30 +'' '' 30 +but CC 30 +it PRP 30 +'s VBZ 6 +the DT 32 +law NN 30 +. . 5 + +So IN 0 +the DT 4 +next JJ 4 +step NN 1 +, , 7 +I PRP 7 +suspect VBP 1 +, , 7 +is VBZ 1 +to TO 11 +try VB 9 +to TO 13 +get VB 11 +the DT 15 +law NN 16 +changed VBD 13 +. . 1 + +We PRP 15 +-LRB- -LRB- 4 +I PRP 4 +assume VBP 15 +you PRP 6 +'re VBP 4 +in IN 6 +this DT 7 +with IN 6 +me PRP 9 +at IN 6 +this DT 13 +point NN 11 +-RRB- -RRB- 4 +need VBP 0 +to TO 17 +get VB 15 +three CD 19 +words NNS 27 +-- : 22 +`` `` 22 +for IN 19 +examination NN 22 +only RB 22 +'' '' 22 +-- : 22 +eliminated VBN 17 +from IN 27 +the DT 30 +law NN 28 +. . 15 + +Section NN 14 +501 CD 1 +of IN 1 +the DT 11 +United NNP 11 +States NNPS 11 +Information NNP 11 +and CC 11 +Educational NNP 11 +Exchange NNP 11 +Act NNP 3 +of IN 11 +1948 CD 12 +says VBZ 0 +Voice NNP 16 +material NN 17 +shall MD 14 +be VB 17 +available JJ 18 +to TO 19 +certain JJ 20 +of IN 21 +us PRP 22 +-LRB- -LRB- 36 +but CC 36 +now RB 36 +, , 36 +thanks NNS 36 +to TO 28 +the DT 32 +USIA NNP 32 +'s POS 34 +new JJ 34 +position NN 29 +, , 36 +all DT 21 +of IN 36 +us PRP 37 +-RRB- -RRB- 36 +`` `` 19 +for IN 19 +examination NN 41 +only RB 41 +. . 14 +'' '' 14 + +If IN 14 +those DT 3 +words NNS 4 +were VBD 1 +n't RB 4 +there RB 4 +, , 14 +the DT 10 +nice JJ 10 +people NNS 14 +at IN 10 +the DT 13 +Voice NNP 11 +would MD 0 +be VB 14 +able JJ 15 +to TO 18 +send VB 16 +you PRP 18 +the DT 21 +information NN 18 +or CC 18 +, , 24 +at IN 18 +the DT 27 +very RB 27 +least JJS 24 +, , 24 +let VB 18 +you PRP 31 +photocopy VB 29 +it PRP 31 +. . 14 + +This DT 2 +is VBZ 0 +not RB 2 +a DT 6 +trivial JJ 6 +issue NN 2 +. . 2 + +`` `` 43 +You PRP 3 +have VBD 43 +... : 3 +raised VBN 3 +important JJ 7 +questions NNS 5 +which WDT 7 +ought MD 8 +to TO 11 +be VB 9 +answered VBN 11 +: : 7 +What WP 15 +does VBZ 30 +USIA NNP 15 +say VB 15 +about IN 17 +America NNP 18 +abroad RB 17 +; : 30 +how WRB 23 +do VBP 30 +we PRP 23 +say VB 23 +it PRP 25 +; : 30 +and CC 30 +how WRB 30 +can MD 7 +American JJ 32 +taxpayers NNS 30 +get VB 30 +the DT 35 +answers NNS 33 +to TO 35 +these DT 38 +questions NNS 36 +? . 7 +'' '' 7 +a DT 42 +man NN 43 +wrote VBD 0 +me PRP 43 +a DT 46 +couple NN 49 +of IN 46 +years NNS 47 +ago IN 43 +. . 43 + +The DT 2 +man NN 3 +was VBD 0 +Charles NNP 6 +Z. NNP 6 +Wick NNP 3 +. . 3 + +At IN 6 +the DT 3 +time NN 1 +, , 6 +he PRP 6 +was VBD 0 +director NN 6 +of IN 7 +the DT 8 + +He PRP 2 +had VBD 0 +no DT 4 +answers NNS 2 +then RB 2 +. . 2 + +Now RB 3 +there EX 3 +are VBP 0 +some DT 3 +. . 3 + +This DT 2 +democracy NN 3 +is VBZ 0 +suddenly RB 3 +a DT 6 +little RB 7 +more RBR 3 +democratic JJ 7 +. . 3 + +I PRP 2 +feel VBP 0 +pretty RB 4 +good JJ 2 +about IN 2 +it PRP 5 +. . 2 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Gartner NNP 3 +is VBZ 0 +editor NN 6 +and CC 6 +co-owner NN 17 +of IN 6 +the DT 10 +Daily NNP 10 +Tribune NNP 7 +in IN 10 +Ames NNP 14 +, , 14 +Iowa NNP 11 +, , 17 +and CC 17 +president NN 3 +of IN 17 +NBC NNP 20 +News NNP 18 +in IN 20 +New NNP 23 +York NNP 21 +. . 3 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0111.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0111.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0bb389d9b22fd18778cc8c7b67abc48c0b115c24 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0111.dp @@ -0,0 +1,592 @@ +Robert NNP 3 +L. NNP 3 +Bernstein NNP 7 +, , 7 +chairman NN 7 +and CC 7 +president NN 13 +of IN 7 +Random NNP 11 +House NNP 11 +Inc. NNP 8 +, , 7 +announced VBD 0 +his PRP$ 15 +resignation NN 13 +from IN 15 +the DT 19 +publishing NN 19 +house NN 16 +he PRP 21 +has VBZ 19 +run VBN 21 +for IN 22 +23 CD 25 +years NNS 23 +. . 13 + +A DT 2 +successor NN 3 +was VBD 0 +n't RB 3 +named VBN 3 +, , 5 +which WDT 5 +fueled VBD 7 +speculation NN 8 +that IN 9 +Mr. NNP 12 +Bernstein NNP 13 +may MD 10 +have VB 13 +clashed VBN 14 +with IN 15 +S.I. NNP 19 +Newhouse NNP 19 +Jr. NNP 16 +, , 19 +whose WP$ 19 +family NN 21 +company NN 21 +, , 21 +Advance NNP 27 +Publications NNPS 27 +Inc. NNP 21 +, , 21 +owns VBZ 21 +Random NNP 31 +House NNP 29 +. . 3 + +Abrupt JJ 2 +departures NNS 3 +are VBP 0 +n't RB 3 +unheard JJ 3 +of IN 5 +within IN 3 +the DT 10 +Newhouse NNP 10 +empire NN 7 +. . 3 + +In IN 7 +an DT 3 +interview NN 1 +, , 7 +Mr. NNP 6 +Bernstein NNP 7 +said VBD 0 +his PRP$ 9 +departure NN 11 +`` `` 11 +evolved VBD 20 +out IN 11 +of IN 12 +discussions NNS 13 +with IN 14 +Si NNP 17 +Newhouse NNP 15 +and CC 20 +that DT 20 +'s VBZ 7 +the DT 22 +decision NN 20 +I PRP 24 +reached VBD 22 +. . 7 +'' '' 7 + +He PRP 2 +declined VBD 0 +to TO 4 +elaborate VB 2 +, , 4 +other JJ 4 +than IN 6 +to TO 9 +say VB 7 +, , 9 +`` `` 9 +It PRP 14 +just RB 14 +seemed VBD 9 +the DT 17 +right JJ 17 +thing NN 14 +to TO 19 +do VB 17 +at IN 19 +this DT 22 +minute NN 20 +. . 2 + +Sometimes RB 4 +you PRP 4 +just RB 4 +go VBP 0 +with IN 4 +your PRP$ 7 +gut NN 5 +. . 4 +'' '' 4 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Bernstein NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +he PRP 5 +will MD 3 +stay VB 5 +until IN 6 +Dec. NNP 7 +31 CD 8 +and CC 6 +work VB 6 +with IN 11 +his PRP$ 14 +successor NN 12 +, , 14 +who WP 14 +is VBZ 16 +to TO 19 +be VB 17 +named VBN 19 +soon RB 20 +. . 3 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Newhouse NNP 6 +, , 6 +meanwhile RB 6 +, , 6 +insisted VBD 0 +that IN 6 +he PRP 9 +is VBZ 7 +n't RB 9 +unhappy JJ 9 +with IN 11 +Mr. NNP 14 +Bernstein NNP 17 +or CC 17 +the DT 17 +performance NN 12 +of IN 17 +Random NNP 20 +House NNP 26 +, , 26 +the DT 26 +largest JJS 26 +trade NN 26 +publishing VBG 26 +house NN 18 +in IN 26 +the DT 29 +U.S. NNP 27 +. . 6 + +The DT 2 +company NN 3 +said VBD 0 +the DT 6 +publisher NN 6 +'s POS 9 +annual JJ 9 +sales NNS 9 +volume NN 10 +increased VBD 3 +to TO 10 +$ $ 11 +800 CD 12 +million CD 12 +from IN 10 +$ $ 15 +40 CD 16 +million CD 16 +during IN 10 +Mr. NNP 22 +Bernstein NNP 22 +'s POS 23 +tenure NN 19 +. . 3 + +`` `` 15 +Bob NNP 3 +has VBZ 15 +handled VBN 3 +the DT 7 +extraordinary JJ 7 +growth NN 4 +of IN 7 +the DT 10 +company NN 8 +quite RB 4 +brilliantly RB 11 +, , 15 +'' '' 15 +said VBD 0 +Mr. NNP 17 +Newhouse NNP 15 +. . 15 + +`` `` 4 +The DT 3 +company NN 4 +is VBZ 13 +doing VBG 4 +well RB 5 +, , 13 +it PRP 9 +'s VBZ 13 +stable JJ 9 +, , 13 +it PRP 13 +'s VBZ 0 +got VBN 13 +good JJ 16 +people NNS 14 +. . 13 + +Bob NNP 2 +has VBZ 7 +an DT 4 +agenda NN 2 +and CC 7 +this DT 7 +seemed VBD 0 +like IN 7 +the DT 11 +natural JJ 11 +time NN 8 +. . 7 +'' '' 7 + +Publishing NN 2 +officials NNS 3 +believe VBP 0 +that IN 3 +while IN 27 +Random NNP 7 +House NNP 8 +has VBZ 5 +enjoyed VBN 8 +spectacular JJ 11 +growth NN 9 +and CC 8 +has VBZ 8 +smoothly RB 15 +integrated VBN 13 +many JJ 17 +acquisitions NNS 15 +in IN 8 +recent JJ 20 +years NNS 18 +, , 27 +some DT 27 +of IN 22 +the DT 26 +bigger JJR 26 +ones NNS 23 +have VBP 4 +n't RB 27 +been VBN 27 +absorbed VBN 29 +so RB 30 +easily RB 31 +. . 3 + +Crown NNP 3 +Publishing NNP 3 +Group NNP 9 +, , 3 +acquired VBN 3 +last JJ 7 +year NN 5 +, , 3 +is VBZ 0 +said VBN 9 +to TO 12 +be VB 10 +turning VBG 12 +in RP 13 +disappointing JJ 16 +results NNS 13 +. . 9 + +As IN 8 +a DT 4 +private JJ 4 +company NN 1 +, , 8 +Random NNP 7 +House NNP 8 +does VBZ 0 +n't RB 8 +report VB 8 +its PRP$ 12 +earnings NNS 10 +. . 8 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Bernstein NNP 9 +, , 2 +who WP 2 +succeeded VBD 4 +Bennett NNP 7 +Cerf NNP 5 +, , 2 +has VBZ 0 +been VBN 9 +only RB 14 +the DT 14 +second JJ 14 +president NN 10 +of IN 14 +Random NNP 17 +House NNP 15 +since IN 10 +it PRP 20 +was VBD 18 +founded VBN 20 +in IN 21 +1925 CD 22 +. . 9 + +Speculation NN 5 +on IN 1 +his PRP$ 4 +successor NN 2 +centers VBZ 0 +on IN 5 +a DT 8 +number NN 6 +of IN 8 +division NN 11 +heads NNS 9 +at IN 11 +the DT 14 +house NN 12 +. . 5 + +Possible JJ 2 +candidates NNS 3 +include VBP 0 +Susan NNP 5 +Petersen NNP 7 +, , 7 +president NN 3 +of IN 7 +Ballantine\/Del NNP 10 +Rey\/Fawcett NNP 19 +, , 19 +Random NNP 14 +House NNP 14 +'s POS 19 +huge JJ 19 +and CC 19 +successful JJ 19 +paperback NN 19 +division NN 8 +. . 3 + +Some DT 2 +say VBP 0 +Anthony NNP 4 +Cheetham NNP 6 +, , 6 +head NN 17 +of IN 6 +a DT 12 +recently RB 12 +acquired VBN 12 +British JJ 12 +company NN 15 +, , 15 +Century NNP 15 +Hutchinson NNP 7 +, , 6 +could MD 2 +be VB 17 +chosen VBN 18 +. . 2 + +There EX 2 +is VBZ 0 +also RB 2 +speculation NN 2 +that IN 4 +Mr. NNP 7 +Newhouse NNP 8 +could MD 5 +bring VB 8 +in IN 9 +a DT 13 +powerhouse NN 13 +businessman NN 18 +or CC 18 +another DT 18 +Newhouse NNP 18 +family NN 18 +member NN 9 +to TO 20 +run VB 18 +the DT 23 +business NN 23 +side NN 20 +, , 20 +in IN 20 +combination NN 25 +with IN 26 +a DT 30 +publishing NN 30 +executive NN 27 +like IN 30 +Robert NNP 33 +Gottlieb NNP 31 +, , 33 +who WP 33 +left VBD 35 +Random NNP 39 +House NNP 39 +'s POS 42 +Alfred NNP 42 +A. NNP 42 +Knopf NNP 36 +to TO 44 +run VB 36 +the DT 47 +New NNP 47 +Yorker NNP 44 +, , 47 +also RB 50 +owned VBN 47 +by IN 50 +the DT 54 +Newhouse NNP 54 +family NN 51 +. . 2 + +Not RB 7 +included VBN 7 +on IN 2 +the DT 6 +most-likely-successor JJ 6 +list NN 3 +are VBP 0 +Joni NNP 9 +Evans NNP 30 +, , 9 +recruited VBN 9 +two CD 13 +years NNS 14 +ago IN 11 +to TO 16 +be VB 11 +publisher NN 16 +of IN 17 +adult NN 21 +trade NN 21 +books NNS 18 +for IN 17 +Random NNP 24 +House NNP 22 +, , 30 +and CC 30 +Sonny NNP 28 +Mehta NNP 30 +, , 30 +president NN 7 +of IN 30 +the DT 37 +prestigious JJ 37 +Alfred NNP 37 +A. NNP 37 +Knopf NNP 37 +unit NN 31 +. . 7 + +When WRB 17 +Ms. NNP 3 +Evans NNP 4 +took VBD 1 +her PRP 6 +job NN 4 +, , 17 +several JJ 10 +important JJ 10 +divisions NNS 17 +that WDT 10 +had VBD 11 +reported VBN 12 +to TO 13 +her PRP$ 16 +predecessor NN 14 +were VBD 0 +n't RB 17 +included VBN 17 +partly RB 21 +because IN 19 +she PRP 23 +did VBD 21 +n't RB 23 +wish NN 23 +to TO 27 +be VB 25 +a DT 30 +full-time JJ 30 +administrator NN 27 +. . 17 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Mehta NNP 3 +is VBZ 0 +widely RB 3 +viewed VBN 3 +as IN 5 +a DT 9 +brilliant JJ 9 +editor NN 13 +but CC 13 +a DT 13 +less-than-brilliant JJ 13 +administrator NN 6 +and CC 3 +his PRP$ 17 +own JJ 17 +departure NN 18 +was VBD 3 +rumored VBN 18 +recently RB 18 +. . 3 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Bernstein NNP 8 +, , 8 +a DT 8 +tall JJ 8 +, , 8 +energetic JJ 8 +man NN 18 +who WP 8 +is VBZ 9 +widely RB 10 +respected VBN 10 +as IN 12 +a DT 16 +publishing NN 16 +executive NN 13 +, , 8 +has VBZ 0 +spent VBN 18 +much JJ 19 +of IN 20 +his PRP$ 23 +time NN 21 +in IN 19 +recent JJ 26 +years NNS 24 +on IN 19 +human JJ 30 +rights NNS 30 +issues NNS 27 +. . 18 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0115.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0115.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..30a113acbb42471edbc186d3c08b79f33f6d8263 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0115.dp @@ -0,0 +1,102 @@ +Olympia NNP 3 +Broadcasting NNP 3 +Corp. NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 6 +did VBD 4 +n't RB 6 +make VB 6 +a DT 15 +$ $ 15 +1.64 CD 10 +million CD 10 +semiannual JJ 15 +interest NN 15 +payment NN 17 +due JJ 17 +yesterday NN 8 +on IN 8 +$ $ 18 +23.4 CD 19 +million CD 19 +of IN 19 +senior JJ 25 +subordinated VBN 25 +debentures NNS 22 +. . 4 + +The DT 5 +radio-station NN 5 +owner NN 5 +and CC 5 +programmer NN 6 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 8 +was VBD 6 +trying VBG 8 +to TO 11 +obtain VB 9 +additional JJ 14 +working JJ 14 +capital NN 11 +from IN 11 +its PRP$ 19 +senior JJ 19 +secured VBN 19 +lenders NNS 23 +and CC 23 +other JJ 23 +financial JJ 23 +institutions NNS 15 +. . 6 + +It PRP 2 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 4 +needs VBZ 2 +to TO 6 +make VB 4 +the DT 8 +payment NN 6 +by IN 6 +Dec. NNP 9 +1 CD 10 +to TO 13 +avoid VB 4 +a DT 15 +default NN 13 +that WDT 15 +could MD 16 +lead VB 17 +to TO 18 +an DT 21 +acceleration NN 19 +of IN 21 +the DT 24 +debt NN 22 +. . 2 + +In IN 6 +September NNP 1 +, , 6 +the DT 5 +company NN 6 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 8 +was VBD 6 +seeking VBG 8 +offers NNS 9 +for IN 10 +its PRP$ 15 +five CD 15 +radio NN 15 +stations NNS 11 +in IN 9 +order NN 16 +to TO 19 +concentrate VB 16 +on IN 19 +its PRP$ 23 +programming NN 23 +business NN 20 +. . 6 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0117.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0117.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ff881b29b91edc75709d6cc9160bb0a75860ad7 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0117.dp @@ -0,0 +1,569 @@ +The DT 5 +United NNP 5 +Kingdom NNP 5 +High NNP 5 +Court NNP 6 +declared VBD 0 +illegal JJ 6 +a DT 9 +variety NN 7 +of IN 9 +interest-rate NN 16 +swap NN 16 +transactions NNS 16 +and CC 16 +options NNS 16 +deals NNS 10 +between IN 16 +a DT 21 +London NNP 21 +borough NN 21 +council NN 24 +and CC 24 +commercial JJ 24 +banks NNS 17 +. . 6 + +The DT 2 +ruling NN 3 +could MD 0 +lead VB 3 +to TO 4 +the DT 7 +cancellation NN 5 +of IN 7 +huge JJ 11 +bank NN 11 +debts NNS 8 +the DT 14 +London NNP 14 +Borough NNP 19 +of IN 14 +Hammersmith NNP 18 +and CC 18 +Fulham NNP 15 +ran VBD 11 +up RP 19 +after IN 19 +losing VBG 21 +heavily RB 22 +on IN 22 +swap NN 26 +transactions NNS 24 +. . 3 + +As RB 3 +many JJ 3 +as IN 8 +70 CD 3 +U.K. NNP 8 +and CC 8 +international JJ 8 +banks NNS 9 +stand VBP 0 +to TO 11 +lose VB 9 +several JJ 15 +hundred CD 12 +million CD 12 +pounds NNS 11 +should MD 11 +the DT 18 +decision NN 16 +be VB 16 +upheld VBN 19 +and CC 19 +set VB 19 +a DT 24 +precedent NN 22 +for IN 24 +other JJ 27 +municipalities NNS 25 +. . 9 + +An DT 2 +appeal NN 3 +is VBZ 0 +expected VBN 3 +. . 3 + +In IN 10 +response NN 1 +to TO 2 +the DT 5 +ruling NN 3 +, , 10 +gilt JJ 8 +futures NNS 10 +swiftly RB 10 +plunged VBD 0 +more JJR 10 +than IN 11 +a DT 14 +point NN 12 +yesterday NN 10 +before IN 10 +recovering VBG 16 +much JJ 17 +of IN 18 +the DT 21 +loss NN 19 +by IN 17 +the DT 24 +end NN 22 +of IN 24 +the DT 27 +session NN 25 +. . 10 + +Gilts NNS 6 +, , 6 +or CC 6 +British JJ 6 +government NN 6 +bonds NNS 14 +, , 6 +which WDT 6 +also RB 10 +fell VBD 8 +sharply RB 10 +initially RB 10 +, , 6 +retraced VBD 0 +some DT 14 +of IN 15 +the DT 18 +losses NNS 16 +to TO 20 +end VB 14 +about IN 23 +3\/8 CD 21 +point NN 24 +lower JJR 20 +. . 14 + +The DT 2 +council NN 26 +, , 2 +which WDT 2 +is VBZ 4 +alleged VBN 5 +to TO 8 +have VB 6 +engaged VBN 8 +in IN 9 +over IN 13 +600 CD 13 +deals NNS 10 +valued VBN 13 +at IN 14 +over IN 21 +# # 16 +6 CD 16 +billion CD 16 +-LRB- -LRB- 21 +$ $ 15 +9.5 CD 21 +billion CD 21 +-RRB- -RRB- 21 +, , 2 +lost VBD 0 +millions NNS 26 +of IN 27 +pounds NNS 28 +from IN 26 +soured JJ 33 +swap NN 33 +deals NNS 30 +. . 26 + +At IN 6 +one CD 3 +point NN 1 +, , 6 +Hammersmith NNP 6 +is VBZ 0 +reported VBN 6 +to TO 9 +have VB 7 +accounted VBN 9 +for IN 10 +as RB 14 +much JJ 14 +as IN 16 +10 CD 14 +% NN 11 +of IN 16 +the DT 20 +sterling NN 20 +market NN 17 +in IN 10 +interest-rate NN 24 +swap NN 24 +dealings NNS 21 +. . 6 + +When WRB 11 +two CD 3 +parties NNS 4 +engage VBP 1 +in IN 4 +an DT 8 +interest-rate NN 8 +swap NN 5 +, , 11 +they PRP 11 +are VBP 0 +betting VBG 11 +against IN 12 +each DT 15 +other JJ 13 +on IN 12 +future JJ 18 +rates NNS 16 +. . 11 + +Thus RB 13 +, , 13 +an DT 4 +institution NN 13 +obligated VBD 4 +to TO 7 +make VB 5 +fixed-rate JJ 10 +interest NN 10 +payments NNS 7 +on IN 10 +debt NN 11 +swaps NNS 0 +the DT 15 +payments NNS 13 +with IN 13 +another DT 16 +making VBG 17 +floating-rate JJ 20 +payments NNS 18 +. . 13 + +In IN 10 +most JJS 1 +of IN 2 +the DT 6 +British JJ 6 +transactions NNS 3 +, , 10 +the DT 9 +municipalities NNS 10 +agreed VBD 0 +to TO 12 +make VB 10 +floating-rate JJ 14 +payments NNS 12 +to TO 12 +banks NNS 15 +, , 16 +which WDT 16 +would MD 18 +make VB 19 +fixed-rate JJ 22 +payments NNS 20 +. . 10 + +As IN 7 +interest NN 3 +rates NNS 4 +rose VBD 1 +, , 7 +municipalities NNS 7 +owed VBD 0 +the DT 9 +banks NNS 7 +more JJR 7 +than IN 10 +the DT 13 +banks NNS 14 +were VBD 11 +paying VBG 14 +them PRP 15 +. . 7 + +The DT 3 +court NN 3 +hearing NN 4 +began VBD 0 +in IN 4 +early JJ 7 +October NNP 5 +at IN 4 +the DT 10 +request NN 8 +of IN 10 +Anthony NNP 13 +Hazell NNP 16 +, , 16 +district NN 16 +auditor NN 11 +for IN 16 +Hammersmith NNP 17 +, , 16 +who WP 16 +argued VBD 20 +that IN 21 +local JJ 24 +councils NNS 25 +are VBP 22 +n't RB 25 +vested VBN 25 +with IN 27 +constitutional JJ 30 +authority NN 28 +to TO 32 +engage VB 30 +in IN 32 +such JJ 36 +capital-markets JJ 36 +activities NNS 33 +. . 4 + +The DT 2 +council NN 3 +backed VBD 0 +the DT 7 +audit NN 7 +commission NN 7 +'s POS 8 +stand NN 3 +that IN 8 +the DT 12 +swap NN 12 +transactions NNS 13 +are VBP 9 +illegal JJ 13 +. . 3 + +Although IN 24 +the DT 6 +Hammersmith NNP 6 +and CC 6 +Fulham NNP 6 +council NN 7 +was VBD 1 +by IN 7 +far RB 8 +the DT 14 +most RBS 12 +active JJ 14 +local JJ 14 +authority NN 7 +engaging VBG 14 +in IN 15 +such JJ 19 +capital-markets JJ 19 +transactions NNS 16 +, , 24 +the DT 23 +court NN 23 +decision NN 24 +could MD 0 +set VB 24 +a DT 27 +precedent NN 25 +for IN 27 +similar JJ 30 +transactions NNS 28 +by IN 30 +77 CD 35 +other JJ 35 +local JJ 35 +councils NNS 31 +. . 24 + +`` `` 33 +While IN 12 +this DT 5 +court NN 5 +ruling NN 6 +was VBD 2 +only RB 6 +on IN 6 +Hammersmith NNP 8 +, , 12 +it PRP 12 +will MD 33 +obviously RB 12 +be VB 12 +very RB 16 +persuasive JJ 14 +in IN 14 +other JJ 19 +cases NNS 17 +of IN 19 +a DT 23 +similar JJ 23 +nature NN 20 +, , 33 +'' '' 33 +a DT 27 +solicitor NN 33 +representing VBG 27 +one CD 28 +of IN 29 +the DT 32 +banks NNS 30 +said VBD 0 +. . 33 + +Already RB 6 +, , 6 +10 CD 5 +local JJ 5 +councils NNS 6 +have VBP 0 +refused VBN 6 +to TO 9 +honor VB 7 +fees NNS 12 +and CC 12 +payments NNS 9 +to TO 12 +banks NNS 13 +incurred VBN 12 +during IN 15 +various JJ 19 +swaps NNS 19 +dealings NNS 16 +. . 6 + +Other JJ 3 +financial JJ 3 +institutions NNS 5 +involved VBN 3 +include VBP 0 +Barclays NNP 8 +Bank NNP 8 +PLC NNP 31 +, , 31 +Midland NNP 12 +Bank NNP 12 +PLC NNP 31 +, , 31 +Security NNP 16 +Pacific NNP 16 +Corp. NNP 31 +, , 31 +Chemical NNP 21 +Banking NNP 21 +Corp. NNP 21 +'s POS 23 +Chemical NNP 23 +Bank NNP 31 +, , 31 +Citicorp NNP 26 +'s POS 27 +Citibank NNP 31 +and CC 31 +Mitsubishi NNP 31 +Finance NNP 31 +International NNP 5 +. . 5 + +If IN 11 +the DT 3 +banks NNS 4 +exhaust VBP 1 +all DT 6 +avenues NNS 4 +of IN 6 +appeal NN 7 +, , 11 +it PRP 11 +is VBZ 29 +possible JJ 11 +that IN 11 +they PRP 15 +would MD 13 +seek VB 15 +to TO 18 +have VB 16 +the DT 21 +illegality NN 21 +ruling NN 22 +work VB 18 +both DT 24 +ways NNS 22 +, , 29 +some DT 28 +market NN 28 +sources NNS 29 +said VBD 0 +. . 29 + +Banks NNS 2 +could MD 0 +seek VB 2 +to TO 5 +recover VB 3 +payments NNS 5 +to TO 6 +local JJ 9 +authorities NNS 7 +in IN 5 +instances NNS 10 +where WRB 11 +the DT 14 +banks NNS 15 +made VBD 12 +net JJ 17 +payments NNS 15 +to TO 15 +councils NNS 18 +. . 2 + +Officials NNS 7 +from IN 1 +the DT 5 +various JJ 5 +banks NNS 2 +involved VBN 5 +are VBP 0 +expected VBN 7 +to TO 10 +meet VB 8 +during IN 10 +the DT 15 +next JJ 15 +few JJ 15 +days NNS 11 +to TO 17 +consider VB 10 +other JJ 19 +arrangements NNS 17 +with IN 19 +local JJ 22 +authorities NNS 20 +that WDT 19 +could MD 23 +be VB 24 +questionable JJ 25 +. . 7 + +The DT 2 +banks NNS 3 +have VBP 0 +28 CD 5 +days NNS 3 +to TO 7 +file VB 5 +an DT 9 +appeal NN 7 +against IN 9 +the DT 12 +ruling NN 10 +and CC 3 +are VBP 3 +expected VBN 14 +to TO 17 +do VB 15 +so RB 17 +shortly RB 17 +. . 3 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0119.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0119.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8e3577e85271e7b9170b3282c88e04ce53acbc50 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0119.dp @@ -0,0 +1,619 @@ +Some DT 2 +Democrats NNPS 5 +in IN 2 +Congress NNP 3 +are VBP 0 +warning VBG 5 +that IN 6 +a DT 12 +complicated JJ 12 +new JJ 12 +funding NN 12 +device NN 19 +for IN 12 +the DT 18 +two CD 18 +federal JJ 18 +antitrust JJ 18 +agencies NNS 13 +could MD 7 +result VB 19 +in IN 20 +further JJR 23 +cutbacks NNS 21 +in IN 23 +a DT 27 +regulatory JJ 27 +area NN 24 +already RB 29 +reduced VBN 27 +sharply RB 29 +in IN 29 +recent JJ 33 +years NNS 31 +. . 5 + +The DT 3 +funding NN 3 +mechanism NN 20 +, , 3 +which WDT 3 +has VBZ 5 +received VBN 6 +congressional JJ 9 +approval NN 7 +and CC 6 +is VBZ 6 +expected VBN 11 +to TO 14 +be VB 12 +signed VBN 14 +by IN 15 +President NNP 18 +Bush NNP 16 +, , 3 +would MD 0 +affect VB 20 +the DT 24 +antitrust JJ 24 +operations NNS 21 +of IN 24 +the DT 28 +Justice NNP 28 +Department NNP 33 +and CC 33 +the DT 33 +Federal NNP 33 +Trade NNP 33 +Commission NNP 25 +. . 20 + +As IN 12 +a DT 3 +part NN 1 +of IN 3 +overall JJ 6 +efforts NNS 4 +to TO 8 +reduce VB 6 +spending NN 8 +, , 12 +Congress NNP 12 +cut VBD 0 +by IN 12 +$ $ 13 +30 CD 14 +million CD 14 +the DT 20 +Bush NNP 20 +administration NN 20 +'s POS 21 +request NN 12 +for IN 21 +antitrust JJ 24 +enforcement NN 22 +for IN 24 +fiscal JJ 27 +1990 CD 25 +, , 27 +which WDT 27 +began VBD 29 +Oct. NNP 30 +1 CD 31 +. . 12 + +To TO 2 +offset VB 7 +the DT 4 +reduction NN 2 +, , 7 +Congress NNP 7 +approved VBD 0 +a DT 11 +$ $ 11 +20,000 CD 9 +fee NN 7 +that IN 11 +investors NNS 15 +and CC 15 +companies NNS 16 +will MD 12 +have VB 16 +to TO 19 +pay VB 17 +each DT 21 +time NN 19 +they PRP 23 +make VBP 21 +required VBN 25 +filings NNS 23 +to TO 25 +antitrust JJ 28 +regulators NNS 26 +about IN 25 +mergers NNS 36 +, , 36 +acquisitions NNS 36 +and CC 36 +certain JJ 36 +other JJ 36 +transactions NNS 29 +. . 7 + +Some RB 2 +Democrats NNPS 16 +, , 2 +led VBN 2 +by IN 4 +Rep. NNP 8 +Jack NNP 8 +Brooks NNP 5 +-LRB- -LRB- 12 +D. NNP 12 +, , 12 +Texas NNP 8 +-RRB- -RRB- 12 +, , 2 +unsuccessfully RB 16 +opposed VBD 0 +the DT 18 +measure NN 16 +because IN 16 +they PRP 21 +fear VBP 19 +that IN 21 +the DT 24 +fees NNS 25 +may MD 22 +not RB 25 +fully RB 25 +make VB 25 +up RP 28 +for IN 28 +the DT 33 +budget NN 33 +cuts NNS 30 +. . 16 + +But CC 7 +Justice NNP 6 +Department NNP 6 +and CC 6 +FTC NNP 6 +officials NNS 7 +said VBD 0 +they PRP 9 +expect VBP 7 +the DT 12 +filing NN 12 +fees NNS 14 +to TO 14 +make VB 9 +up RP 14 +for IN 14 +the DT 19 +budget NN 19 +reductions NNS 16 +and CC 14 +possibly RB 22 +exceed VB 14 +them PRP 22 +. . 7 + +`` `` 21 +It PRP 3 +could MD 21 +operate VB 3 +to TO 6 +augment VB 4 +our PRP$ 8 +budget NN 6 +, , 21 +'' '' 21 +James NNP 12 +Rill NNP 19 +, , 19 +the DT 17 +Justice NNP 17 +Department NNP 17 +'s POS 19 +antitrust JJ 19 +chief NN 21 +, , 19 +said VBD 0 +in IN 21 +an DT 24 +interview NN 22 +. . 21 + +Under IN 22 +measures NNS 1 +approved VBN 2 +by IN 3 +both DT 6 +houses NNS 4 +of IN 6 +Congress NNP 7 +, , 22 +the DT 12 +administration NN 12 +'s POS 13 +request NN 22 +for IN 13 +$ $ 14 +47 CD 15 +million CD 15 +for IN 15 +the DT 21 +Antitrust NNP 21 +Division NNP 18 +would MD 0 +be VB 22 +cut VBN 23 +$ $ 24 +15 CD 25 +million CD 25 +. . 22 + +The DT 4 +FTC NNP 4 +budget NN 4 +request NN 22 +of IN 4 +$ $ 5 +70 CD 6 +million CD 6 +, , 4 +about IN 11 +$ $ 14 +34 CD 11 +million CD 11 +of IN 4 +which WDT 14 +would MD 14 +go VB 16 +for IN 17 +antitrust JJ 20 +enforcement NN 18 +, , 4 +would MD 0 +also RB 22 +be VB 22 +cut VBN 24 +by IN 25 +$ $ 26 +15 CD 27 +million CD 27 +. . 22 + +The DT 2 +administration NN 3 +had VBD 0 +requested VBN 3 +roughly RB 8 +the DT 8 +same JJ 8 +amount NN 4 +for IN 8 +antitrust JJ 11 +enforcement NN 9 +for IN 8 +fiscal JJ 14 +1990 CD 12 +as IN 8 +was VBD 15 +appropriated VBN 16 +in IN 17 +fiscal JJ 20 +1989 CD 18 +. . 3 + +The DT 3 +offsetting VBG 3 +fees NNS 4 +would MD 0 +apply VB 4 +to TO 5 +filings NNS 6 +made VBN 7 +under IN 8 +the DT 12 +Hart-Scott-Rodino NNP 12 +Act NNP 9 +. . 4 + +Under IN 17 +that DT 3 +law NN 1 +, , 17 +parties NNS 17 +proposing VBG 5 +mergers NNS 9 +or CC 9 +acquisitions NNS 6 +valued VBN 9 +at IN 10 +$ $ 16 +15 CD 12 +million CD 12 +or CC 16 +more RBR 11 +must MD 0 +notify VB 17 +FTC NNP 24 +and CC 24 +Justice NNP 24 +Department NNP 24 +antitrust JJ 24 +regulators NNS 18 +before IN 18 +completing VBG 25 +the DT 28 +transactions NNS 26 +. . 17 + +Currently RB 5 +, , 5 +the DT 4 +government NN 5 +charges VBZ 0 +nothing NN 5 +for IN 5 +such JJ 9 +filings NNS 7 +. . 5 + +Proponents NNS 6 +of IN 1 +the DT 5 +funding NN 5 +arrangement NN 2 +predict VBP 0 +that IN 6 +, , 7 +based VBN 10 +on IN 23 +recent JJ 13 +filing NN 13 +levels NNS 10 +of IN 13 +more JJR 16 +than IN 19 +2,000 CD 16 +a DT 19 +year NN 14 +, , 23 +the DT 22 +fees NNS 23 +will MD 7 +yield VB 23 +at IN 27 +least JJS 27 +$ $ 24 +40 CD 27 +million CD 27 +this DT 32 +fiscal JJ 32 +year NN 24 +, , 24 +or CC 24 +$ $ 38 +10 CD 35 +million CD 35 +more JJR 24 +than IN 38 +the DT 42 +budget NN 42 +cuts NNS 39 +. . 6 + +`` `` 43 +When WRB 15 +you PRP 4 +do VBP 2 +that DT 4 +, , 15 +there EX 8 +is VBZ 15 +not RB 8 +a DT 11 +cut NN 8 +, , 15 +but CC 15 +there EX 15 +is VBZ 43 +in IN 15 +fact NN 16 +a DT 20 +program NN 20 +increase NN 15 +of IN 20 +$ $ 21 +5 CD 22 +million CD 22 +'' '' 22 +each DT 22 +for IN 20 +the DT 29 +FTC NNP 33 +and CC 33 +the DT 33 +Justice NNP 33 +Department NNP 27 +, , 43 +Rep. NNP 37 +Neal NNP 37 +Smith NNP 43 +-LRB- -LRB- 41 +D. NNP 41 +, , 41 +Iowa NNP 37 +-RRB- -RRB- 41 +said VBD 0 +during IN 43 +House NNP 46 +debate NN 44 +. . 43 + +But CC 11 +Rep. NNP 4 +Don NNP 4 +Edwards NNP 11 +-LRB- -LRB- 8 +D. NNP 8 +, , 8 +Calif NNP 4 +. . 8 +-RRB- -RRB- 8 +responded VBD 0 +that IN 11 +a DT 14 +recession NN 15 +could MD 12 +stifle VB 15 +merger NN 18 +activity NN 16 +, , 16 +reducing VBG 16 +the DT 22 +amount NN 20 +of IN 22 +fees NNS 23 +collected VBN 22 +. . 11 + +The DT 3 +antitrust JJ 3 +staffs NNS 11 +of IN 3 +both PDT 10 +the DT 10 +FTC NNP 10 +and CC 10 +Justice NNP 10 +Department NNP 4 +were VBD 28 +cut VBN 11 +more JJR 14 +than IN 16 +40 CD 14 +% NN 12 +in IN 12 +the DT 20 +Reagan NNP 20 +administration NN 17 +, , 28 +and CC 28 +enforcement NN 28 +of IN 23 +major JJ 27 +merger NN 27 +cases NNS 24 +fell VBD 0 +off RP 28 +drastically RB 28 +during IN 28 +that DT 33 +period NN 31 +. . 28 + +`` `` 28 +Today NN 3 +is VBZ 28 +not RB 3 +the DT 6 +time NN 3 +to TO 8 +signal VB 6 +that IN 8 +Congress NNP 14 +in IN 14 +any DT 13 +way NN 11 +sanctions VBZ 9 +the DT 17 +dismal JJ 17 +state NN 14 +into IN 17 +which WDT 18 +antitrust JJ 21 +enforcement NN 22 +has VBZ 18 +fallen VBN 22 +, , 28 +'' '' 28 +Mr. NNP 27 +Edwards NNP 28 +argued VBD 0 +. . 28 + +Any DT 2 +money NN 16 +in IN 2 +excess NN 3 +of IN 4 +$ $ 5 +40 CD 6 +million CD 6 +collected VBN 2 +from IN 9 +the DT 12 +fees NNS 10 +in IN 9 +fiscal JJ 15 +1990 CD 13 +would MD 0 +go VB 16 +to TO 17 +the DT 20 +Treasury NNP 18 +at IN 20 +large JJ 21 +. . 16 + +Corporate JJ 2 +lawyers NNS 3 +said VBD 0 +the DT 6 +new JJ 6 +fees NNS 7 +would MD 3 +n't RB 7 +inhibit VB 7 +many JJ 14 +mergers NNS 14 +or CC 14 +other JJ 14 +transactions NNS 9 +. . 3 + +Though IN 21 +some DT 3 +lawyers NNS 4 +reported VBD 1 +that IN 4 +prospective JJ 7 +acquirers NNS 8 +were VBD 5 +scrambling VBG 8 +to TO 11 +make VB 9 +filings NNS 11 +before IN 11 +the DT 15 +fees NNS 16 +take VBP 13 +effect NN 16 +, , 21 +government NN 20 +officials NNS 21 +said VBD 0 +they PRP 23 +had VBD 21 +n't RB 23 +noticed VBN 23 +any DT 27 +surge NN 25 +in IN 27 +filings NNS 28 +. . 21 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0120.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0120.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0bb7a383e15386c46081011eaaa2e57b7f4cf121 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0120.dp @@ -0,0 +1,1038 @@ +FALL NN 3 +BALLOT NN 3 +ISSUES NNS 4 +set VBD 0 +a DT 6 +record NN 4 +for IN 6 +off-year JJ 9 +elections NNS 7 +. . 4 + +Odd-year JJ 2 +elections NNS 3 +attract VBP 0 +relatively RB 5 +few JJ 7 +ballot NN 7 +issues NNS 3 +. . 3 + +But CC 15 +the DT 5 +1989 CD 5 +fall NN 5 +total NN 15 +of IN 5 +80 CD 6 +, , 15 +while IN 15 +well RB 11 +below IN 9 +1988 CD 13 +activity NN 11 +, , 15 +shows VBZ 28 +`` `` 15 +a DT 18 +steady JJ 15 +ratcheting VBG 18 +up IN 18 +in IN 18 +citizen NN 23 +referenda NN 21 +and CC 23 +initiatives VBZ 23 +, , 28 +'' '' 28 +says VBZ 0 +Patrick NNP 30 +McGuigan NNP 32 +, , 32 +editor NN 28 +of IN 32 +Family NNP 39 +, , 39 +Law NNP 39 +and CC 39 +Democracy NNP 39 +Report NNP 33 +. . 28 + +He PRP 2 +says VBZ 0 +the DT 6 +10 CD 6 +citizen-sparked JJ 6 +issues NNS 11 +on IN 11 +state NN 9 +ballots NNS 7 +this DT 11 +fall NN 12 +represent VBP 2 +the DT 14 +most JJS 12 +in IN 14 +any DT 17 +odd-year JJ 19 +this DT 19 +decade NN 15 +. . 2 + +Ballot NN 2 +questions NNS 3 +range VBP 0 +from IN 3 +a DT 7 +Maine NNP 7 +initiative NN 4 +on IN 7 +banning VBG 8 +Cruise NN 11 +missiles NNS 9 +to TO 4 +a DT 14 +referendum NN 12 +on IN 14 +increasing VBG 15 +the DT 21 +North NNP 21 +Dakota NNP 21 +income NN 21 +tax NN 16 +. . 3 + +Ballot NN 2 +watchers NNS 3 +say VBP 0 +attention NN 6 +already RB 6 +is VBZ 3 +focused VBN 6 +on IN 7 +the DT 11 +1990 CD 11 +elections NNS 8 +. . 3 + +In IN 12 +California NNP 1 +, , 12 +two CD 6 +petition NN 6 +drives NNS 12 +for IN 6 +next JJ 10 +year NN 10 +'s POS 11 +election NN 7 +are VBP 18 +`` `` 12 +essentially RB 15 +finished VBN 12 +, , 18 +'' '' 18 +says VBZ 0 +David NNP 20 +Schmidt NNP 22 +, , 22 +author NN 18 +of IN 22 +`` `` 23 +Citizen NNP 26 +Lawmakers NNPS 23 +. . 18 +'' '' 18 + +Mr. NNP 2 +McGuigan NNP 3 +cites VBZ 0 +three CD 6 +completed VBN 6 +efforts NNS 3 +in IN 6 +Oklahoma NNP 7 +. . 3 + +Hot JJ 3 +ballot NN 3 +topics NNS 4 +are VBP 0 +expected VBN 4 +to TO 7 +be VB 5 +abortion NN 14 +, , 14 +the DT 11 +environment NN 14 +and CC 14 +insurance NN 14 +reform NN 7 +. . 4 + +Taking VBG 9 +a DT 3 +cue NN 1 +from IN 1 +California NNP 4 +, , 9 +more JJR 8 +politicians NNS 9 +will MD 17 +launch VB 9 +their PRP$ 12 +campaigns NNS 10 +by IN 10 +backing VBG 13 +initiatives NNS 14 +, , 17 +says VBZ 0 +David NNP 19 +Magleby NNP 17 +of IN 19 +Brigham NNP 23 +Young NNP 23 +University NNP 20 +. . 17 + +PHOTOGRAPH NN 2 +COLLECTING NN 3 +gains VBZ 0 +new JJ 5 +stature NN 3 +as IN 3 +prices NNS 8 +rise VBP 6 +. . 3 + +Price NN 2 +records NNS 3 +are VBP 0 +being VBG 3 +set NN 4 +at IN 5 +auctions NNS 6 +this DT 9 +week NN 5 +. . 3 + +At IN 18 +Christie NNP 3 +'s POS 1 +, , 18 +a DT 6 +folio NN 18 +of IN 6 +21 CD 9 +prints NNS 7 +from IN 9 +Alfred NNP 13 +Stieglitz NNP 13 +'s POS 17 +`` `` 17 +Equivalents NNS 17 +'' '' 17 +series NN 10 +sold VBD 0 +for IN 18 +$ $ 21 +396,000 CD 25 +, , 25 +a DT 25 +single-lot JJ 25 +record NN 19 +. . 18 + +Other JJ 2 +works NNS 4 +also RB 4 +have VBP 0 +been VBN 4 +exceeding VBG 5 +price NN 8 +estimates NNS 6 +. . 4 + +In IN 5 +part NN 1 +, , 5 +prices NNS 5 +reflect VBP 0 +development NN 5 +of IN 6 +a DT 10 +market NN 10 +structure NN 7 +based VBN 10 +on IN 11 +such JJ 14 +variables NNS 12 +as IN 14 +the DT 17 +number NN 15 +of IN 17 +prints NNS 18 +. . 5 + +This DT 2 +information NN 3 +used VBD 12 +to TO 5 +be VB 3 +poorly RB 7 +documented VBN 10 +and CC 10 +largely RB 10 +anecdotal JJ 5 +, , 12 +says VBZ 0 +Beth NNP 14 +Gates-Warren NNP 12 +of IN 14 +Sotheby NNP 17 +'s POS 15 +. . 12 + +`` `` 15 +There EX 3 +is VBZ 15 +finally RB 3 +some DT 6 +sort NN 3 +of IN 6 +sense NN 7 +in IN 3 +the DT 11 +market NN 9 +, , 15 +'' '' 15 +she PRP 15 +says VBZ 0 +. . 15 + +Corporations NNS 3 +and CC 3 +museums NNS 4 +are VBP 15 +among IN 4 +the DT 8 +serious JJ 8 +buyers NNS 5 +, , 4 +giving VBG 4 +greater JJR 13 +market NN 13 +stability NN 10 +, , 15 +says VBZ 0 +Robert NNP 17 +Persky NNP 15 +of IN 17 +the DT 21 +Photograph NNP 21 +Collector NNP 18 +. . 15 + +`` `` 14 +When WRB 14 +I PRP 4 +see VBP 2 +prints NNS 6 +going VBG 4 +into IN 6 +the DT 9 +hands NNS 7 +of IN 9 +institutions NNS 10 +, , 14 +I PRP 14 +know VBP 0 +they PRP 16 +are VBP 14 +n't RB 16 +going VBG 16 +to TO 20 +come VB 18 +back RB 20 +on IN 20 +the DT 24 +market NN 22 +. . 14 +'' '' 14 + +Most JJS 2 +in IN 0 +demand NN 2 +: : 2 +classic JJ 6 +photographs NNS 2 +by IN 6 +masters NNS 7 +such JJ 10 +as IN 8 +Stieglitz NNP 14 +and CC 14 +Man NNP 14 +Ray NNP 10 +. . 2 + +But CC 5 +much RB 4 +contemporary JJ 4 +work NN 5 +is VBZ 16 +also RB 5 +fetching VBG 5 +`` `` 7 +a DT 11 +great JJ 11 +deal NN 7 +of IN 11 +money NN 12 +, , 16 +'' '' 16 +says VBZ 0 +Miles NNP 18 +Barth NNP 16 +of IN 18 +the DT 22 +International NNP 22 +Center NNP 19 +of IN 22 +Photography NNP 23 +. . 16 + +DIALING VBG 3 +900 CD 1 +brings VBZ 0 +callers NNS 3 +a DT 7 +growing VBG 7 +number NN 3 +of IN 7 +services NNS 8 +. . 3 + +Currently RB 6 +a DT 6 +$ $ 6 +300 CD 3 +million-a-year JJ 3 +business NN 11 +, , 11 +900 CD 10 +telephone NN 10 +service NN 11 +is VBZ 36 +expected VBN 11 +to TO 14 +hit VB 12 +$ $ 14 +500 CD 15 +million CD 15 +next JJ 19 +year NN 14 +and CC 14 +near IN 22 +$ $ 14 +2 CD 22 +billion CD 22 +by IN 22 +1992 CD 25 +as IN 12 +uses NNS 32 +for IN 28 +the DT 31 +service NN 29 +continue VBP 27 +to TO 34 +expand VB 32 +, , 36 +says VBZ 0 +Joel NNP 38 +Gross NNP 36 +of IN 38 +Donaldson NNP 45 +, , 45 +Lufkin NNP 45 +& CC 45 +Jenrette NNP 45 +Inc NNP 39 +. . 36 + +The DT 2 +service NN 18 +-- : 2 +which WDT 2 +costs VBZ 4 +the DT 7 +caller NN 5 +from IN 12 +30 CD 12 +cents NNS 12 +to TO 12 +$ $ 15 +25 CD 12 +a DT 15 +minute NN 5 +-- : 2 +currently RB 18 +is VBZ 0 +dominated VBN 18 +by IN 19 +celebrity NN 22 +chatter NN 27 +, , 27 +horoscopes NNS 27 +and CC 27 +romance NN 27 +lines NNS 20 +. . 18 + +But CC 12 +more RBR 4 +serious JJ 4 +applications NNS 5 +are VBP 12 +in IN 5 +the DT 8 +wings NNS 6 +, , 12 +and CC 12 +that DT 12 +is VBZ 0 +where WRB 12 +the DT 16 +future JJ 16 +growth NN 17 +is VBZ 13 +expected VBN 17 +. . 12 + +`` `` 12 +I PRP 3 +'m VBP 12 +starting VBG 3 +to TO 6 +see VB 4 +more JJR 9 +business NN 9 +transactions NNS 6 +, , 12 +'' '' 12 +says VBZ 0 +Andrea NNP 14 +West NNP 12 +of IN 14 +American NNP 20 +Telephone NNP 20 +& CC 20 +Telegraph NNP 20 +Co. NNP 15 +, , 12 +noting VBG 12 +growing VBG 24 +interest NN 22 +in IN 24 +use NN 25 +of IN 26 +900 CD 29 +service NN 27 +for IN 26 +stock NN 32 +sales NNS 39 +, , 39 +software NN 35 +tutorials NNS 39 +and CC 39 +even RB 39 +service NN 39 +contracts NNS 30 +. . 12 + +Colleges NNS 6 +, , 4 +she PRP 4 +says VBZ 6 +, , 4 +are VBP 0 +eyeing VBG 6 +registration NN 7 +through IN 8 +900 CD 11 +service NN 9 +. . 6 + +Charities NNS 2 +test VBP 8 +the DT 4 +waters NNS 2 +, , 8 +but CC 8 +they PRP 8 +face VBP 0 +legal JJ 10 +barriers NNS 8 +to TO 10 +electronic JJ 14 +fund NN 14 +raising NN 11 +. . 8 + +`` `` 18 +The DT 3 +thing NN 12 +that WDT 3 +will MD 4 +really RB 5 +break VB 5 +this DT 9 +market NN 7 +right RB 7 +open JJ 10 +is VBZ 18 +merchandising NN 12 +, , 18 +'' '' 18 +Ms. NNP 17 +West NNP 18 +says VBZ 0 +. . 18 + +Much JJ 6 +of IN 1 +the DT 5 +800 CD 5 +service NN 2 +will MD 13 +`` `` 6 +migrate VB 6 +to TO 8 +900 CD 9 +, , 13 +'' '' 13 +predicts VBZ 0 +Jack NNP 15 +Lawless NNP 18 +, , 18 +general JJ 18 +manager NN 13 +of IN 18 +US NNP 22 +Sprint NNP 22 +'s POS 24 +900 CD 24 +product NN 19 +. . 13 + +FAMILY NN 2 +PETS NNS 3 +are VBP 0 +improving VBG 3 +recovery NN 6 +rates NNS 4 +of IN 6 +patients NNS 7 +at IN 4 +Columbia NNP 11 +Hospital NNP 13 +, , 13 +Milwaukee NNP 9 +. . 3 + +Patients NNS 8 +who WP 1 +receive VBP 2 +canine JJ 7 +or CC 7 +feline JJ 7 +visitors NNS 3 +are VBP 25 +found VBN 8 +to TO 11 +have VB 9 +lower JJR 14 +blood NN 14 +pressure NN 17 +and CC 17 +improved VBN 17 +appetite NN 11 +and CC 11 +be VB 11 +more RBR 21 +receptive JJ 19 +to TO 21 +therapy NN 22 +, , 25 +says VBZ 0 +Mary NNP 28 +Ann NNP 28 +O'Loughlin NNP 31 +, , 31 +program NN 31 +coordinator NN 25 +. . 25 + +TIRED JJ 0 +OF IN 1 +TRIMMING VBG 2 +? . 1 + +Hammacher NNP 4 +Schlemmer NNP 4 +& CC 4 +Co. NNP 5 +offers VBZ 0 +a DT 9 +fiber-optic JJ 9 +Christmas NNP 9 +tree NN 5 +that WDT 9 +eliminates VBZ 10 +the DT 13 +need NN 11 +to TO 15 +string VB 13 +lights NNS 15 +. . 5 + +The DT 4 +$ $ 4 +6,500 CD 2 +tree NN 5 +is VBZ 0 +designed VBN 5 +to TO 8 +send VB 6 +continuously RB 10 +changing VBG 12 +colored VBN 12 +light NN 8 +to TO 8 +dozens NNS 13 +of IN 14 +fiber-end JJ 17 +bunches NNS 15 +. . 5 + +MEDICINE NNP 2 +TRANSPLANT NNP 0 +: : 2 +Growth NN 10 +of IN 4 +Japanese JJ 9 +trade NN 9 +and CC 9 +travel NN 5 +prompts VBZ 2 +Beth NNP 14 +Israel NNP 14 +Medical NNP 14 +Center NNP 17 +, , 17 +New NNP 17 +York NNP 20 +, , 17 +to TO 20 +set VB 10 +up RP 20 +a DT 25 +bilingual JJ 25 +medical JJ 25 +practice NN 20 +. . 2 + +Funded VBN 17 +by IN 1 +a DT 7 +$ $ 7 +1 CD 4 +million CD 4 +gift NN 2 +from IN 7 +Tokio NNP 13 +Marine NNP 13 +& CC 13 +Fire NNP 13 +Insurance NNP 8 +, , 17 +the DT 16 +service NN 17 +will MD 0 +follow VB 17 +Japanese JJ 21 +medical JJ 21 +protocols NNS 18 +, , 21 +including VBG 21 +emphasis NN 23 +on IN 24 +preventative JJ 27 +medicine NN 25 +. . 17 + +DIAPER NN 2 +SERVICES NNS 3 +make VBP 0 +a DT 5 +comeback NN 3 +amid IN 3 +growing VBG 9 +environmental JJ 9 +concerns NNS 6 +. . 3 + +Concerned VBN 16 +about IN 1 +shrinking VBG 4 +landfills NNS 7 +and CC 7 +the DT 7 +safety NN 2 +of IN 7 +chemicals NNS 8 +used VBN 9 +in IN 10 +super-absorbent JJ 13 +disposables NNS 11 +, , 16 +parents NNS 16 +are VBP 0 +returning VBG 16 +to TO 17 +the DT 21 +cloth NN 21 +diaper NN 18 +. . 16 + +Tiny NNP 3 +Tots NNPS 3 +Inc. NNP 7 +, , 7 +Campbell NNP 7 +, , 7 +Calif. NNP 9 +, , 7 +says VBZ 0 +business NN 11 +is VBZ 9 +up IN 11 +35 CD 14 +% NN 12 +in IN 11 +the DT 18 +past NN 18 +year NN 15 +. . 9 + +`` `` 12 +We PRP 3 +'re VBP 12 +gaining VBG 3 +1,200 CD 7 +new JJ 7 +customers NNS 4 +each DT 9 +week NN 4 +, , 12 +'' '' 12 +says VBZ 0 +Jack NNP 14 +Mogavero NNP 12 +of IN 14 +General NNP 19 +Health NNP 19 +Care NNP 19 +Corp. NNP 23 +, , 23 +Piscataway NNP 23 +, , 23 +N.J NNP 15 +. . 12 + +In IN 12 +Syracuse NNP 4 +, , 4 +N.Y. NNP 1 +, , 4 +DyDee NNP 8 +Service NNP 8 +'s POS 11 +new JJ 11 +marketing NN 11 +push NN 12 +stresses VBZ 0 +environmental JJ 14 +awareness NN 12 +. . 12 + +Among IN 0 +its PRP$ 4 +new JJ 4 +customers NNS 1 +: : 1 +day-care JJ 7 +centers NNS 1 +that WDT 7 +previously RB 10 +spurned VBD 8 +the DT 12 +service NN 10 +. . 1 + +The DT 3 +National NNP 3 +Association NNP 8 +of IN 8 +Diaper NNP 6 +Services NNPS 4 +, , 8 +Philadelphia NNP 10 +, , 8 +says VBZ 0 +that IN 10 +since IN 15 +January NNP 12 +it PRP 15 +has VBZ 11 +gotten VBN 15 +more JJR 18 +than IN 20 +672 CD 18 +inquiries NNS 16 +from IN 16 +people NNS 21 +interested JJ 22 +in IN 23 +starting VBG 24 +diaper NN 27 +services NNS 25 +. . 10 + +Elisa NNP 2 +Hollis NNP 3 +launched VBD 0 +a DT 6 +diaper NN 6 +service NN 3 +last JJ 8 +year NN 3 +because IN 3 +State NNP 11 +College NNP 13 +, , 13 +Pa. NNP 19 +, , 13 +where WRB 13 +she PRP 17 +lives VBZ 15 +, , 13 +did VBD 9 +n't RB 19 +have VB 19 +one CD 21 +. . 3 + +Diaper NN 2 +shortages NNS 4 +this DT 4 +summer NN 5 +limited VBD 0 +growth NN 5 +at IN 6 +Stork NNP 10 +Diaper NNP 10 +Services NNPS 14 +, , 14 +Springfield NNP 14 +, , 14 +Mass. NNP 7 +, , 14 +where WRB 14 +business NN 18 +is VBZ 16 +up IN 18 +25 CD 21 +% NN 19 +in IN 18 + +Also RB 2 +spurring VBG 0 +the DT 4 +move NN 2 +to TO 4 +cloth NN 5 +: : 2 +diaper NN 9 +covers NNS 2 +with IN 9 +Velcro NN 12 +fasteners NNS 10 +that WDT 9 +eliminate VBP 13 +the DT 16 +need NN 14 +for IN 16 +safety NN 19 +pins NNS 17 +. . 2 + +BRIEFS NNPS 0 +: : 1 + +Only RB 3 +57.6 CD 3 +% NN 7 +of IN 3 +New NNP 6 +Yorkers NNPS 4 +watch VBP 19 +the DT 10 +local JJ 10 +news NN 7 +, , 7 +the DT 14 +lowest JJS 14 +viewership NN 7 +in IN 14 +the DT 17 +country NN 15 +, , 19 +says VBZ 0 +a DT 22 +new JJ 22 +study NN 19 +by IN 22 +Impact NNP 26 +Resources NNPS 26 +Inc. NNP 30 +, , 30 +Columbus NNP 30 +, , 30 +Ohio NNP 23 +... : 19 +. . 19 + +FreudToy NNP 4 +, , 4 +a DT 4 +pillow NN 12 +bearing VBG 4 +the DT 7 +likeness NN 5 +of IN 7 +Sigmund NNP 10 +Freud NNP 8 +, , 4 +is VBZ 0 +marketed VBN 12 +as IN 13 +a DT 18 +$ $ 18 +24.95 CD 16 +tool NN 14 +for IN 18 +do-it-yourself JJ 21 +analysis NN 19 +. . 12 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0123.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0123.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cbc5f54b9d98f110a65ab75985a9217fd172ca09 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0123.dp @@ -0,0 +1,495 @@ +Researchers NNS 11 +at IN 1 +American NNP 8 +Telephone NNP 8 +& CC 8 +Telegraph NNP 8 +Co. NNP 8 +'s POS 10 +Bell NNP 10 +Laboratories NNPS 2 +reported VBD 0 +they PRP 13 +raised VBD 11 +the DT 17 +electrical JJ 17 +current-carrying JJ 17 +capacity NN 13 +of IN 17 +new JJ 21 +superconductor NN 21 +crystals NNS 18 +by IN 13 +a DT 24 +factor NN 22 +of IN 24 +100 CD 25 +, , 13 +moving VBG 13 +the DT 30 +materials NNS 28 +closer JJR 28 +to TO 31 +commercial JJ 34 +use NN 32 +. . 11 + +The DT 2 +scientists NNS 3 +said VBD 0 +they PRP 5 +created VBD 3 +small JJ 7 +changes NNS 5 +in IN 7 +the DT 11 +crystal-lattice JJ 11 +structures NNS 8 +of IN 11 +the DT 14 +superconductors NNS 12 +to TO 16 +raise VB 5 +the DT 18 +amount NN 16 +of IN 18 +current NN 19 +that IN 18 +single JJ 23 +crystals NNS 24 +could MD 21 +carry VB 24 +to TO 16 +600,000 CD 28 +amps NNS 26 +per IN 28 +square JJ 31 +centimeter NN 29 +in IN 28 +a DT 37 +moderately RB 35 +strong JJ 37 +magnetic JJ 37 +field NN 32 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +scientists NNS 3 +said VBD 0 +they PRP 5 +made VBD 3 +the DT 7 +advance NN 5 +with IN 5 +yttrium-containing JJ 10 +superconductors NNS 8 +cooled VBN 10 +to TO 11 +liquid-nitrogen NN 14 +temperature NN 20 +, , 20 +or CC 20 +minus CC 18 +321 CD 20 +degrees NNS 20 +Fahrenheit NN 12 +. . 3 + +Their PRP$ 2 +report NN 3 +appears VBZ 0 +in IN 3 +today NN 6 +'s POS 7 +issue NN 4 +of IN 7 +the DT 11 +journal NN 11 +Nature NNP 8 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +finding NN 3 +marks VBZ 0 +a DT 6 +significant JJ 6 +step NN 3 +in IN 6 +research NN 7 +on IN 8 +`` `` 13 +bulk NN 13 +'' '' 13 +superconductors NNS 9 +, , 13 +which WDT 13 +are VBP 15 +aimed VBN 16 +at IN 17 +use NN 18 +in IN 19 +wires NNS 20 +for IN 21 +motors NNS 30 +, , 30 +magnets NNS 30 +, , 30 +generators NNS 30 +and CC 30 +other JJ 30 +applications NNS 22 +. . 3 + +Scientists NNS 2 +had VBD 0 +obtained VBN 2 +even RB 5 +higher JJR 7 +current-carrying JJ 7 +capacity NN 3 +in IN 3 +thin JJ 10 +films NNS 8 +of IN 10 +the DT 14 +new JJ 14 +superconductors NNS 11 +, , 2 +but CC 2 +have VBP 2 +had VBN 17 +problems NNS 18 +increasing VBG 18 +the DT 22 +amount NN 20 +of IN 22 +current NN 23 +that IN 22 +bulk NN 27 +crystals NNS 28 +could MD 25 +carry VB 28 +. . 2 + +Superconductors NNS 2 +conduct VBP 0 +electricity NN 2 +without IN 2 +resistance NN 4 +when WRB 2 +cooled VBN 6 +. . 2 + +A DT 2 +family NN 12 +of IN 2 +ceramic JJ 5 +superconductors NNS 3 +discovered VBN 5 +during IN 6 +the DT 11 +past JJ 11 +three CD 11 +years NNS 7 +promise VBP 0 +new JJ 14 +technologies NNS 12 +such JJ 16 +as IN 14 +cheaper JJR 19 +electrical JJ 19 +generation NN 16 +-- : 12 +but CC 12 +only RB 23 +if IN 12 +their PRP$ 26 +current-carrying JJ 26 +capacity NN 27 +can MD 23 +be VB 27 +raised VBN 28 +. . 12 + +The DT 3 +AT&T NNP 3 +advance NN 4 +shows VBZ 0 +how WRB 4 +one CD 7 +aspect NN 12 +of IN 7 +the DT 11 +current-carrying JJ 11 +problem NN 8 +can MD 5 +be VB 12 +overcome VBN 13 +. . 4 + +But CC 4 +`` `` 4 +it PRP 4 +wo MD 15 +n't RB 4 +lead VB 4 +to TO 6 +imminent JJ 9 +use NN 7 +'' '' 9 +of IN 9 +new JJ 13 +superconductors NNS 11 +, , 15 +cautioned VBD 0 +Robert NNP 19 +B. NNP 19 +van NNP 19 +Dover NNP 21 +, , 21 +one CD 15 +of IN 21 +the DT 25 +AT&T NNP 25 +researchers NNS 22 +. . 15 + +He PRP 2 +added VBD 0 +that IN 2 +the DT 6 +current-carrying JJ 6 +capacity NN 12 +of IN 6 +multi-crystal JJ 9 +samples NNS 7 +of IN 9 +superconductors NNS 10 +remains VBZ 3 +too RB 14 +low RB 12 +for IN 14 +most JJS 18 +practical JJ 18 +uses NNS 15 +because IN 12 +of IN 19 +so-called JJ 23 +weak JJ 23 +links NNS 19 +between IN 23 +crystals NNS 24 +. . 2 + +Such JJ 3 +multi-crystal JJ 3 +materials NNS 4 +will MD 0 +probably RB 4 +be VB 4 +needed VBN 6 +for IN 7 +commercial JJ 10 +applications NNS 8 +. . 4 + +Mr. NNP 3 +van NNP 3 +Dover NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +the DT 7 +AT&T NNP 7 +team NN 8 +created VBD 4 +the DT 12 +desired VBN 12 +crystal NN 12 +changes NNS 8 +by IN 8 +bombarding VBG 13 +superconductor NN 16 +samples NNS 14 +with IN 14 +neutrons NNS 17 +, , 14 +a DT 21 +process NN 14 +that WDT 21 +creates VBZ 22 +some DT 25 +radioactivity NN 23 +in IN 25 +the DT 28 +samples NNS 26 +and CC 23 +may MD 23 +not RB 30 +be VB 30 +feasible JJ 32 +for IN 33 +large-scale JJ 37 +commercial JJ 37 +use NN 34 +. . 4 + +Still RB 4 +, , 4 +scientists NNS 4 +breathed VBD 0 +a DT 7 +collective JJ 7 +sigh NN 4 +of IN 7 +relief NN 8 +about IN 4 +the DT 12 +finding NN 10 +, , 4 +because IN 4 +it PRP 16 +demonstrates VBZ 14 +how WRB 16 +to TO 19 +overcome VB 17 +the DT 25 +`` `` 25 +flux NN 25 +pinning NN 25 +'' '' 25 +problem NN 19 +that IN 25 +earlier RBR 29 +this DT 29 +year NN 30 +was VBD 26 +widely RB 30 +publicized VBN 30 +as IN 32 +undercutting VBG 33 +new JJ 37 +superconductors NNS 37 +' POS 38 +potential NN 34 +. . 4 + +The DT 2 +problem NN 3 +involves VBZ 0 +the DT 5 +motion NN 3 +of IN 5 +small JJ 9 +magnetic JJ 9 +fields NNS 6 +within IN 9 +superconductor NN 12 +crystals NNS 10 +, , 3 +limiting VBG 3 +their PRP$ 17 +current-carrying JJ 17 +capacity NN 14 +. . 3 + +Mr. NNP 3 +van NNP 3 +Dover NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +the DT 6 +crystal NN 12 +changes VBZ 6 +his PRP$ 9 +team NN 10 +introduced VBD 6 +apparently RB 12 +pins VBZ 4 +the DT 15 +magnetic JJ 15 +fields NNS 12 +in IN 12 +place NN 16 +, , 12 +preventing VBG 12 +them PRP 19 +from IN 19 +lowering VBG 21 +current-carrying JJ 24 +capacity NN 22 +. . 4 + +Mr. NNP 3 +van NNP 3 +Dover NNP 4 +added VBD 0 +that IN 4 +researchers NNS 7 +are VBP 5 +trying VBG 7 +to TO 10 +determine VB 8 +precisely RB 10 +what WDT 10 +crystal NN 12 +changes NNS 12 +solved VBD 12 +the DT 17 +problem NN 15 +. . 4 + +Determining VBG 3 +that DT 1 +may MD 0 +enable VB 3 +them PRP 7 +to TO 7 +develop VB 4 +better JJR 9 +ways NNS 7 +to TO 11 +introduce VB 9 +the DT 15 +needed VBN 15 +crystal-lattice NN 15 +patterns NNS 11 +. . 3 + +The DT 3 +AT&T NNP 3 +team NN 5 +also RB 5 +is VBZ 0 +trying VBG 5 +to TO 8 +combine VB 6 +their PRP$ 12 +latest JJS 12 +superconductor NN 12 +process NN 8 +with IN 8 +`` `` 20 +melt-textured JJ 16 +growth NN 20 +, , 20 +'' '' 20 +a DT 20 +process NN 13 +discovered VBN 20 +earlier JJR 21 +at IN 21 +Bell NNP 25 +Laboratories NNPS 23 +. . 5 + +The DT 3 +combined VBN 3 +processes NNS 4 +may MD 0 +significantly RB 4 +raise VB 4 +the DT 9 +current-carrying JJ 9 +capacity NN 6 +of IN 9 +multi-crystal JJ 12 +samples NNS 10 +. . 4 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0124.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0124.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a119802080550ddaf28c89756c1ecf19f9820a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0124.dp @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ +William NNP 4 +C. NNP 4 +Walbrecher NNP 4 +Jr. NNP 7 +, , 7 +an DT 7 +executive NN 15 +at IN 7 +San NNP 13 +Francisco-based JJ 9 +1st CD 13 +Nationwide NNP 13 +Bank NNP 8 +, , 7 +was VBD 0 +named VBN 15 +president NN 21 +and CC 21 +chief NN 21 +executive JJ 21 +officer NN 16 +of IN 21 +Citadel NNP 25 +Holding NNP 25 +Corp. NNP 34 +and CC 34 +its PRP$ 30 +principal JJ 30 +operating VBG 30 +unit NN 34 +, , 34 +Fidelity NNP 34 +Federal NNP 34 +Bank NNP 22 +. . 15 + +The DT 2 +appointment NN 3 +takes VBZ 0 +effect NN 3 +Nov. NNP 3 +13 CD 5 +. . 3 + +He PRP 2 +succeeds VBZ 0 +James NNP 5 +A. NNP 5 +Taylor NNP 2 +, , 5 +who WP 5 +stepped VBD 7 +down RP 8 +as IN 8 +chairman NN 16 +, , 16 +president NN 16 +and CC 16 +chief NN 16 +executive NN 10 +in IN 8 +March NNP 17 +for IN 8 +health NN 21 +reasons NNS 19 +. . 2 + +Edward NNP 3 +L. NNP 3 +Kane NNP 4 +succeeded VBD 0 +Mr. NNP 6 +Taylor NNP 4 +as IN 4 +chairman NN 7 +. . 4 + +Separately RB 4 +, , 4 +Citadel NNP 4 +posted VBD 0 +a DT 8 +third-quarter NN 8 +net JJ 8 +loss NN 4 +of IN 8 +$ $ 18 +2.3 CD 10 +million CD 10 +, , 18 +or CC 18 +68 CD 16 +cents NNS 18 +a DT 18 +share NN 9 +, , 8 +versus CC 8 +net JJ 22 +income NN 20 +of IN 22 +$ $ 32 +5.3 CD 24 +million CD 24 +, , 32 +or CC 32 +$ $ 30 +1.61 CD 32 +a DT 32 +share NN 23 +, , 22 +a DT 35 +year NN 36 +earlier JJR 22 +. . 4 + +The DT 3 +latest JJS 3 +results NNS 4 +include VBP 0 +some DT 7 +unusual JJ 7 +write-downs NNS 4 +, , 7 +which WDT 7 +had VBD 9 +an DT 13 +after-tax JJ 13 +impact NN 10 +of IN 13 +$ $ 14 +4.9 CD 15 +million CD 15 +. . 4 + +Those DT 2 +included VBD 0 +costs NNS 2 +associated VBN 3 +with IN 4 +the DT 14 +potential JJ 14 +Valley NNP 14 +Federal NNP 14 +Savings NNP 14 +and CC 14 +Loan NNP 14 +Association NNP 14 +acquisition NN 5 +, , 14 +which WDT 14 +was VBD 16 +terminated VBN 17 +on IN 18 +Sept. NNP 19 +27 CD 20 +, , 20 +1989 CD 20 +. . 2 + +In IN 6 +addition NN 1 +, , 6 +operating VBG 5 +results NNS 6 +were VBD 0 +hit VBN 6 +by IN 7 +an DT 10 +increase NN 8 +in IN 10 +loan NN 17 +and CC 17 +real JJ 17 +estate NN 17 +loss NN 17 +reserves NNS 11 +. . 6 + +In IN 10 +American NNP 6 +Stock NNP 6 +Exchange NNP 6 +composite JJ 6 +trading NN 1 +, , 10 +Citadel NNP 9 +shares NNS 10 +closed VBD 0 +yesterday NN 10 +at IN 10 +$ $ 14 +45.75 CD 12 +, , 10 +down RB 10 +25 CD 18 +cents NNS 16 +. . 10 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0125.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0125.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06a25b496876b0a30bf24986dd6e023fd7bb6f35 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0125.dp @@ -0,0 +1,972 @@ +The DT 2 +following VBG 3 +were VBD 0 +among IN 3 +yesterday NN 6 +'s POS 9 +offerings NNS 9 +and CC 9 +pricings NNS 4 +in IN 9 +the DT 16 +U.S. NNP 16 +and CC 16 +non-U.S. NNP 16 +capital NN 16 +markets NNS 10 +, , 9 +with IN 9 +terms NNS 22 +and CC 22 +syndicate NN 22 +manager NN 18 +, , 9 +as IN 3 +compiled VBN 24 +by IN 25 +Dow NNP 31 +Jones NNP 31 +Capital NNP 31 +Markets NNPS 31 +Report NNP 26 +: : 3 + +International NNP 4 +Business NNP 4 +Machines NNPS 4 +Corp. NNP 0 +-- : 4 + +$ $ 0 +750 CD 1 +million CD 1 +of IN 1 +8 CD 7 +3\/8 CD 7 +% NN 8 +debentures NNS 4 +due JJ 1 +Nov. NNP 9 +1 CD 10 +, , 10 +2019 CD 10 +, , 1 +priced VBN 1 +at IN 15 +99 CD 16 +to TO 19 +yield VB 15 +8.467 CD 21 +% NN 19 +. . 1 + +The DT 4 +30-year JJ 4 +non-callable JJ 4 +issue NN 5 +was VBD 0 +priced VBN 5 +at IN 6 +a DT 9 +spread NN 7 +of IN 9 +57 CD 13 +basis NN 13 +points NNS 10 +above IN 13 +the DT 17 +Treasury NNP 17 +'s POS 23 +8 CD 20 +1\/8 CD 20 +% NN 23 +bellwether NN 23 +long JJ 23 +bond NN 14 +. . 5 + +Rated VBN 19 +triple-A JJ 1 +by IN 1 +both DT 15 +Moody NNP 6 +'s POS 9 +Investors NNPS 9 +Service NNP 9 +Inc. NNP 15 +and CC 15 +Standard NNP 14 +& CC 14 +Poor NNP 14 +'s POS 15 +Corp. NNP 3 +, , 19 +the DT 18 +issue NN 19 +will MD 0 +be VB 19 +sold VBN 20 +through IN 21 +underwriters NNS 22 +led VBN 23 +by IN 24 +Salomon NNP 28 +Brothers NNPS 28 +Inc NNP 25 +. . 19 + +The DT 2 +size NN 6 +of IN 2 +the DT 5 +issue NN 3 +was VBD 0 +increased VBN 6 +from IN 7 +an DT 12 +originally RB 11 +planned VBN 12 +$ $ 8 +500 CD 12 +million CD 12 +. . 6 + +Detroit NNP 0 +-- : 1 + +$ $ 0 +130 CD 1 +million CD 1 +of IN 1 +general JJ 10 +obligation NN 10 +distributable JJ 10 +state NN 10 +aid NN 10 +bonds NNS 4 +due JJ 1 +1991-2000 CD 14 +and CC 14 +2009 CD 11 +, , 1 +tentatively RB 17 +priced VBN 1 +by IN 17 +a DT 23 +Chemical NNP 23 +Securities NNPS 23 +Inc. NNP 23 +group NN 18 +to TO 25 +yield VB 17 +from IN 25 +6.20 CD 28 +% NN 26 +in IN 28 +1991 CD 29 +to TO 25 +7.272 CD 33 +% NN 31 +in IN 33 +2009 CD 34 +. . 1 + +There EX 2 +is VBZ 0 +$ $ 5 +81.8 CD 5 +million CD 2 +of IN 5 +7.20 CD 8 +% NN 10 +term NN 10 +bonds NNS 6 +due JJ 5 +2009 CD 11 +priced VBN 5 +at IN 13 +99 CD 16 +1\/4 CD 14 +to TO 18 +yield VB 13 +7.272 CD 20 +% NN 18 +. . 2 + +Serial JJ 2 +bonds NNS 3 +are VBP 0 +priced VBN 3 +to TO 6 +yield VB 4 +from IN 6 +6.20 CD 9 +% NN 7 +in IN 9 +1991 CD 10 +to TO 6 +7 CD 14 +% NN 12 +in IN 14 +2000 CD 15 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +bonds NNS 3 +are VBP 0 +insured VBN 6 +and CC 6 +triple-A-rated JJ 3 +. . 3 + +Santa NNP 5 +Ana NNP 5 +Community NNP 5 +Redevelopment NNP 5 +Agency NNP 7 +, , 7 +Calif. NNP 0 +-- : 7 + +$ $ 11 +107 CD 1 +million CD 1 +of IN 11 +tax NN 7 +allocation NN 7 +bonds NNS 4 +, , 11 +1989 CD 11 +Series NNP 11 +A-D NNP 0 +, , 11 +due JJ 11 +1991-1999 CD 18 +, , 18 +2009 CD 18 +and CC 18 +2019 CD 13 +, , 11 +tentatively RB 21 +priced VBN 11 +by IN 21 +a DT 30 +Donaldson NNP 30 +Lufkin NNP 30 +& CC 30 +Jenrette NNP 30 +Securities NNPS 30 +Corp. NNP 30 +group NN 22 +to TO 32 +yield VB 21 +from IN 32 +6.40 CD 35 +% NN 33 +in IN 35 +1991 CD 36 +to TO 32 +7.458 CD 40 +% NN 38 +in IN 40 +2019 CD 41 +. . 11 + +The DT 6 +7 CD 4 +3\/8 CD 4 +% NN 6 +term NN 6 +bonds NNS 9 +due JJ 6 +2009 CD 7 +are VBP 27 +priced VBN 9 +at IN 10 +99 CD 13 +1\/2 CD 11 +to TO 15 +yield VB 10 +7.422 CD 17 +% NN 15 +, , 27 +and CC 27 +7 CD 24 +3\/8 CD 24 +% NN 24 +term NN 24 +bonds NNS 27 +due JJ 24 +2019 CD 25 +are VBP 0 +priced VBN 27 +at IN 28 +99 CD 29 +to TO 32 +yield VB 28 +7.458 CD 34 +% NN 32 +. . 27 + +Serial JJ 2 +bonds NNS 3 +are VBP 0 +priced VBN 3 +at IN 4 +par NN 5 +to TO 8 +yield VB 4 +from IN 8 +6.40 CD 11 +% NN 9 +in IN 11 +1991 CD 12 +to TO 8 +7.15 CD 16 +% NN 14 +in IN 16 +1999 CD 17 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +bonds NNS 3 +are VBP 0 +rated VBN 3 +single-A JJ 4 +by IN 4 +S&P NNP 6 +, , 4 +according VBG 4 +to TO 9 +the DT 13 +lead NN 13 +underwriter NN 10 +. . 3 + +Maryland NNP 4 +Community NNP 4 +Development NNP 4 +Administration NNP 6 +, , 6 +Department NNP 0 +of IN 6 +Housing NNP 11 +and CC 11 +Community NNP 11 +Development NNP 7 +-- : 6 + +$ $ 13 +80.8 CD 1 +million CD 1 +of IN 13 +single-family NN 7 +program NN 7 +bonds NNS 4 +, , 13 +1989 CD 13 +fourth JJ 13 +and CC 13 +fifth JJ 13 +series NN 0 +, , 13 +tentatively RB 16 +priced VBN 13 +by IN 16 +a DT 23 +Merrill NNP 23 +Lynch NNP 23 +Capital NNP 23 +Markets NNPS 23 +group NN 17 +to TO 25 +yield VB 16 +from IN 25 +6.25 CD 28 +% NN 26 +in IN 28 +1992 CD 29 +for IN 28 +fourth JJ 34 +series NN 34 +bonds NNS 31 +to TO 25 +7.74 CD 37 +% NN 35 +in IN 37 +2029 CD 38 +for IN 37 +fifth JJ 43 +series NN 43 +bonds NNS 40 +. . 13 + +There EX 2 +is VBZ 0 +$ $ 2 +30.9 CD 3 +million CD 3 +of IN 3 +fourth JJ 9 +series NN 9 +bonds NNS 6 +, , 3 +the DT 12 +interest NN 13 +on IN 3 +which WDT 13 +is VBZ 13 +not RB 15 +subject JJ 15 +to TO 17 +the DT 23 +federal JJ 23 +alternative NN 23 +minimum NN 23 +tax NN 18 +. . 2 + +They PRP 2 +mature VBP 0 +1992-1999 CD 7 +, , 7 +2009 CD 7 +and CC 7 +2017 CD 2 +. . 2 + +Fourth JJ 4 +series NN 4 +serial NN 4 +bonds NNS 5 +are VBP 0 +priced VBN 5 +at IN 6 +par NN 7 +to TO 10 +yield VB 6 +from IN 10 +6.25 CD 13 +% NN 11 +in IN 13 +1992 CD 14 +to TO 10 +7 CD 18 +% NN 16 +in IN 18 +1999 CD 19 +. . 5 + +The DT 5 +7.40 CD 3 +% NN 5 +term NN 5 +bonds NNS 8 +due JJ 5 +2009 CD 6 +are VBP 22 +priced VBN 8 +to TO 11 +yield VB 9 +7.45 CD 13 +% NN 11 +, , 22 +and CC 22 +7.40 CD 17 +% NN 19 +term NN 19 +bonds NNS 22 +due JJ 19 +2017 CD 20 +are VBP 0 +priced VBN 22 +to TO 25 +yield VB 23 +7.50 CD 27 +% NN 25 +. . 22 + +There EX 2 +is VBZ 0 +$ $ 2 +49.9 CD 3 +million CD 3 +of IN 3 +fifth JJ 9 +series NN 9 +bonds NNS 6 +, , 3 +which WDT 3 +are VBP 11 +subject JJ 12 +to TO 13 +the DT 19 +federal JJ 19 +alternative NN 19 +minimum NN 19 +tax NN 14 +. . 2 + +They PRP 2 +mature VBP 0 +in IN 2 +2005 CD 8 +, , 8 +2009 CD 8 +and CC 8 +2029 CD 3 +. . 2 + +Bonds NNS 5 +due JJ 1 +in IN 2 +2005 CD 3 +have VBP 0 +a DT 10 +7 CD 9 +1\/2 CD 9 +% NN 10 +coupon NN 5 +and CC 5 +are VBP 5 +priced VBN 12 +at IN 13 +par NN 14 +. . 5 + +The DT 5 +7 CD 4 +5\/8 CD 4 +% NN 5 +bonds NNS 8 +due JJ 5 +2009 CD 6 +are VBP 22 +priced VBN 8 +to TO 11 +yield VB 9 +7.65 CD 13 +% NN 11 +, , 22 +and CC 22 +7 CD 18 +5\/8 CD 18 +% NN 19 +bonds NNS 22 +due JJ 19 +2029 CD 20 +are VBP 0 +priced VBN 22 +at IN 23 +98 CD 26 +1\/2 CD 24 +to TO 28 +yield VB 23 +7.74 CD 30 +% NN 28 +. . 22 + +The DT 2 +underwriters NNS 3 +expect VBP 0 +a DT 6 +double-A JJ 6 +rating NN 3 +from IN 6 +Moody NNP 9 +'s POS 7 +. . 3 + +Heiwado NNP 2 +Co NNP 0 +. . 2 +-LRB- -LRB- 5 +Japan NNP 2 +-RRB- -RRB- 5 +-- : 2 + +$ $ 0 +100 CD 1 +million CD 1 +of IN 1 +Eurobonds NNS 4 +due JJ 1 +Nov. NNP 6 +16 CD 7 +, , 7 +1993 CD 7 +, , 1 +with IN 1 +equity-purchase JJ 14 +warrants NNS 12 +, , 1 +indicating VBG 1 +a DT 21 +3 CD 20 +7\/8 CD 20 +% NN 21 +coupon NN 16 +at IN 21 +par NN 22 +, , 16 +via IN 16 +Daiwa NNP 28 +Europe NNP 28 +Ltd NNP 25 +. . 1 + +Each DT 4 +$ $ 4 +5,000 CD 2 +bond NN 5 +carries VBZ 0 +one CD 7 +warrant NN 5 +, , 7 +exercisable JJ 7 +from IN 9 +Nov. NNP 10 +30 CD 11 +, , 11 +1989 CD 11 +, , 10 +through IN 10 +Nov. NNP 16 +2 CD 17 +, , 17 +1993 CD 17 +, , 7 +to TO 23 +buy VB 7 +shares NNS 23 +at IN 23 +an DT 28 +expected VBN 28 +premium NN 25 +of IN 28 +2 CD 32 +1\/2 CD 32 +% NN 29 +to TO 32 +the DT 36 +closing JJ 36 +price NN 33 +when WRB 23 +terms NNS 39 +are VBP 37 +fixed VBN 39 +Tuesday NNP 40 +. . 5 + +Fees NNS 3 +2 CD 3 +1\/4 CD 0 +. . 3 + +Svenska NNP 4 +Intecknings NNP 4 +Garanti NNP 4 +Aktiebolaget NNP 0 +-LRB- -LRB- 6 +Sweden NNP 4 +-RRB- -RRB- 6 +-- : 4 + +20 CD 2 +billion CD 3 +yen NN 0 +of IN 3 +6 CD 6 +% NN 7 +Eurobonds NNS 4 +due JJ 3 +Nov. NNP 8 +21 CD 9 +, , 9 +1994 CD 9 +, , 3 +priced VBN 3 +at IN 14 +101 CD 17 +3\/4 CD 15 +to TO 19 +yield VB 14 +6.03 CD 21 +% NN 19 +less RBR 21 +full JJ 24 +fees NNS 22 +, , 3 +via IN 3 +Mitsui NNP 29 +Finance NNP 29 +International NNP 26 +. . 3 + +Guaranteed VBN 0 +by IN 1 +Svenska NNP 4 +Handelsbanken NNP 2 +. . 1 + +Fees NNS 3 +1 CD 3 +7\/8 CD 0 +. . 3 + +Takashima NNP 3 +& CC 3 +Co NNP 0 +. . 3 +-LRB- -LRB- 6 +Japan NNP 3 +-RRB- -RRB- 6 +-- : 3 + +50 CD 2 +million CD 4 +Swiss JJ 4 +francs NNS 0 +of IN 4 +privately RB 7 +placed VBN 9 +convertible JJ 9 +notes NNS 5 +due JJ 4 +March NNP 10 +31 CD 11 +, , 11 +1994 CD 11 +, , 4 +with IN 4 +a DT 21 +fixed VBN 21 +0.25 CD 20 +% NN 21 +coupon NN 16 +at IN 21 +par NN 22 +via IN 4 +Yamaichi NNP 26 +Bank NNP 24 +-LRB- -LRB- 28 +Switzerland NNP 26 +-RRB- -RRB- 28 +. . 4 + +Put VB 2 +option NN 3 +March NNP 0 +31 CD 3 +, , 3 +1992 CD 3 +, , 3 +at IN 3 +a DT 12 +fixed VBN 12 +107 CD 12 +7\/8 CD 8 +to TO 14 +yield VB 3 +3.43 CD 16 +% NN 14 +. . 3 + +Each DT 5 +50,000 CD 5 +Swiss JJ 5 +franc NN 5 +note NN 6 +is VBZ 0 +convertible JJ 6 +from IN 6 +Nov. NNP 8 +30 CD 9 +, , 9 +1989 CD 9 +, , 8 +to TO 8 +March NNP 14 +16 CD 15 +, , 15 +1994 CD 15 +at IN 6 +a DT 23 +5 CD 22 +% NN 23 +premium NN 19 +over IN 23 +the DT 28 +closing JJ 28 +share NN 28 +price NN 24 +Monday NNP 6 +, , 29 +when WRB 29 +terms NNS 33 +are VBP 31 +scheduled VBN 33 +to TO 36 +be VB 34 +fixed VBN 36 +. . 6 + +Fees NNS 3 +1 CD 3 +3\/4 CD 0 +. . 3 + +Mitsubishi NNP 3 +Pencil NNP 3 +Co NNP 0 +. . 3 +-LRB- -LRB- 6 +Japan NNP 3 +-RRB- -RRB- 6 +-- : 3 + +60 CD 4 +million CD 4 +Swiss JJ 4 +francs NNS 0 +of IN 4 +privately RB 7 +placed VBN 9 +convertible JJ 9 +notes NNS 5 +due JJ 4 +Dec. NNP 10 +31 CD 11 +, , 11 +1993 CD 11 +, , 4 +with IN 4 +a DT 21 +fixed VBN 21 +0.25 CD 21 +% NN 21 +coupon NN 16 +at IN 21 +par NN 22 +via IN 4 +Union NNP 26 +Bank NNP 24 +of IN 26 +Switzerland NNP 27 +. . 4 + +Put VB 2 +option NN 0 +on IN 2 +Dec. NNP 3 +31 CD 4 +, , 4 +1991 CD 4 +, , 2 +at IN 2 +a DT 13 +fixed VBN 13 +106 CD 13 +7\/8 CD 9 +to TO 15 +yield VB 2 +3.42 CD 17 +% NN 15 +. . 2 + +Each DT 5 +50,000 CD 5 +Swiss JJ 5 +franc NN 5 +note NN 6 +is VBZ 0 +convertible JJ 6 +from IN 6 +Dec. NNP 8 +5 CD 9 +, , 9 +1989 CD 9 +, , 8 +to TO 8 +Dec. NNP 14 +31 CD 15 +, , 15 +1993 CD 15 +, , 6 +at IN 6 +a DT 24 +5 CD 23 +% NN 24 +premium NN 20 +over IN 24 +the DT 29 +closing JJ 29 +share NN 29 +price NN 25 +Tuesday NNP 6 +, , 30 +when WRB 30 +terms NNS 34 +are VBP 32 +scheduled VBN 34 +to TO 37 +be VB 35 +fixed VBN 37 +. . 6 + +Fees NNS 3 +1 CD 3 +5\/8 CD 0 +. . 3 + +Koizumi NNP 3 +Sangyo NNP 3 +Corp NNP 0 +. . 3 +-LRB- -LRB- 6 +Japan NNP 3 +-RRB- -RRB- 6 +-- : 3 + +20 CD 2 +million CD 4 +Swiss JJ 4 +francs NNS 0 +of IN 4 +6 CD 8 +1\/2 CD 8 +% NN 11 +privately RB 10 +placed VBN 11 +notes NNS 5 +due JJ 4 +Nov. NNP 12 +29 CD 13 +, , 13 +1996 CD 13 +, , 4 +priced VBN 4 +at IN 18 +99 CD 21 +1\/2 CD 19 +via IN 18 +Dai-Ichi NNP 25 +Kangyo NNP 25 +Bank NNP 22 +-LRB- -LRB- 27 +Schweiz NNP 25 +-RRB- -RRB- 27 +. . 4 + +Guarantee NN 0 +by IN 1 +Dai-Ichi NNP 6 +Kangyo NNP 6 +Bank NNP 6 +Ltd NNP 2 +. . 1 + +Fees NNS 3 +1 CD 3 +3\/4 CD 0 +. . 3 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0127.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0127.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..923a83e3d59531cd15a1316ce632de1a33b61ab3 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0127.dp @@ -0,0 +1,218 @@ +Reed NNP 3 +International NNP 3 +PLC NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +that IN 4 +net JJ 7 +income NN 15 +for IN 7 +the DT 11 +six CD 11 +months NNS 8 +ended VBD 11 +Oct. NNP 12 +1 CD 13 +slipped VBD 5 +5 CD 17 +% NN 15 +to TO 15 +# # 21 +89.7 CD 21 +million CD 32 +-LRB- -LRB- 23 +$ $ 21 +141.9 CD 23 +million CD 23 +-RRB- -RRB- 23 +, , 32 +or CC 32 +16 CD 30 +pence NN 32 +a DT 32 +share NN 18 +, , 32 +from IN 15 +# # 37 +94.8 CD 37 +million CD 48 +-LRB- -LRB- 39 +$ $ 37 +149.9 CD 39 +million CD 39 +-RRB- -RRB- 39 +, , 48 +or CC 48 +17.3 CD 46 +pence NN 48 +a DT 48 +share NN 34 +. . 4 + +The DT 8 +British JJ 8 +paper NN 8 +, , 8 +packaging NN 8 +and CC 8 +publishing NN 8 +concern NN 10 +, , 8 +said VBD 0 +profit NN 15 +from IN 11 +continuing VBG 14 +lines NNS 12 +fell VBD 10 +10 CD 17 +% NN 15 +to TO 15 +# # 21 +118 CD 21 +million CD 18 +from IN 15 +# # 25 +130.6 CD 25 +million CD 22 +. . 10 + +While IN 15 +there EX 3 +were VBD 1 +no DT 8 +one-time JJ 8 +gains NNS 8 +or CC 8 +losses NNS 3 +in IN 8 +the DT 12 +latest JJS 12 +period NN 9 +, , 15 +there EX 15 +was VBD 0 +a DT 18 +one-time JJ 18 +gain NN 15 +of IN 18 +# # 22 +18 CD 22 +million CD 19 +in IN 18 +the DT 26 +1988 CD 26 +period NN 23 +. . 15 + +And CC 16 +while IN 16 +there EX 4 +was VBD 2 +no DT 6 +profit NN 4 +this DT 8 +year NN 4 +from IN 4 +discontinued VBN 11 +operations NNS 9 +, , 16 +last JJ 14 +year NN 16 +they PRP 16 +contributed VBD 0 +# # 19 +34 CD 19 +million CD 16 +, , 16 +before IN 16 +tax NN 21 +. . 16 + +Pretax NN 2 +profit NN 3 +fell VBD 31 +3.7 CD 5 +% NN 3 +to TO 3 +# # 9 +128 CD 9 +million CD 6 +from IN 3 +# # 13 +133 CD 13 +million CD 10 +and CC 3 +was VBD 3 +below IN 15 +analysts NNS 18 +' POS 19 +expectations NNS 16 +of IN 19 +# # 27 +130 CD 27 +million CD 27 +to TO 27 +# # 27 +135 CD 27 +million CD 20 +, , 31 +but CC 31 +shares NNS 31 +rose VBD 0 +6 CD 33 +pence NN 31 +to TO 31 +388 CD 36 +pence NN 34 +in IN 31 +early JJ 39 +trading NN 37 +yesterday NN 31 +in IN 31 +London NNP 41 +. . 31 + +Reed NNP 2 +is VBZ 0 +paying VBG 2 +an DT 6 +interim JJ 6 +dividend NN 3 +of IN 6 +4.6 CD 9 +pence NN 7 +, , 3 +up RB 3 +15 CD 13 +% NN 11 +from IN 11 +4 CD 16 +pence NN 14 +a DT 18 +year NN 19 +earlier JJR 16 +. . 2 + +Sales NNS 2 +fell VBD 0 +20 CD 4 +% NN 2 +to TO 2 +# # 8 +722 CD 8 +million CD 5 +. . 2 + +Earnings NNS 2 +were VBD 13 +hurt VBN 2 +by IN 3 +disposal NN 4 +of IN 5 +operations NNS 6 +in IN 5 +its PRP$ 10 +restructuring NN 8 +, , 13 +Reed NNP 13 +said VBD 0 +. . 13 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0133.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0133.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2e9740b04bfae71aae621ddc5eafcc78b18b181 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0133.dp @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +Allergan NNP 2 +Inc. NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 5 +received VBD 3 +Food NNP 10 +and CC 10 +Drug NNP 10 +Administration NNP 10 +approval NN 5 +to TO 12 +sell VB 10 +the DT 16 +PhacoFlex NNP 16 +intraocular JJ 16 +lens NN 22 +, , 22 +the DT 22 +first JJ 22 +foldable JJ 22 +silicone NN 22 +lens NN 12 +available JJ 22 +for IN 23 +cataract NN 26 +surgery NN 24 +. . 3 + +The DT 3 +len NN 3 +'s POS 4 +foldability NN 5 +enables VBZ 28 +it PRP 8 +to TO 8 +be VB 5 +inserted VBN 8 +in IN 9 +smaller JJR 12 +incisions NNS 10 +than IN 12 +are VBP 13 +now RB 14 +possible JJ 14 +for IN 16 +cataract NN 19 +surgery NN 17 +, , 28 +the DT 27 +eye NN 27 +care NN 27 +and CC 27 +skin NN 27 +care NN 27 +concern NN 28 +said VBD 0 +. . 28 + +Cataracts NNS 2 +refer VBP 0 +to TO 2 +a DT 5 +clouding NN 3 +of IN 5 +the DT 9 +eye NN 9 +'s POS 11 +natural JJ 11 +lens NN 6 +. . 2 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0134.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0134.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2030412f5655dcde9179d313b234472fe1cd9cba --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0134.dp @@ -0,0 +1,152 @@ +A DT 2 +man NN 7 +from IN 2 +the DT 6 +Bush NNP 6 +administration NN 3 +came VBD 0 +before IN 7 +the DT 12 +House NNP 12 +Agriculture NNP 12 +Committee NNP 8 +yesterday NN 7 +to TO 15 +talk VB 7 +about IN 15 +the DT 19 +U.S. NNP 19 +'s POS 20 +intention NN 16 +to TO 22 +send VB 20 +some DT 24 +$ $ 22 +100 CD 24 +million CD 24 +in IN 24 +food NN 29 +aid NN 27 +to TO 22 +Poland NNP 30 +, , 22 +with IN 22 +more JJR 33 +to TO 36 +come VB 34 +from IN 36 +the DT 39 +EC NNP 37 +. . 7 + +The DT 3 +committee NN 3 +'s POS 4 +members NNS 5 +are VBP 0 +worried VBN 5 +what WP 6 +all PDT 11 +this DT 11 +free JJ 11 +food NN 12 +might MD 7 +do VB 12 +to TO 13 +the DT 17 +economic JJ 17 +prospects NNS 14 +of IN 17 +Poland NNP 20 +'s POS 22 +own JJ 22 +farmers NNS 18 +. . 5 + +Rep. NNP 3 +Gary NNP 3 +Ackerman NNP 4 +noted VBD 0 +that IN 4 +past JJ 8 +food NN 8 +aid NN 9 +had VBD 5 +harmed VBN 9 +farmers NNS 10 +in IN 11 +El NNP 14 +Salvador NNP 16 +and CC 16 +Egypt NNP 12 +. . 4 + +However RB 7 +well RB 3 +intentioned JJ 1 +, , 7 +food NN 6 +transfers NNS 7 +have VBP 0 +the DT 9 +habit NN 7 +of IN 9 +growing VBG 10 +larger JJR 11 +and CC 11 +wrecking VBG 11 +the DT 17 +market NN 17 +incentives NNS 14 +for IN 17 +the DT 22 +recipient JJ 22 +country NN 22 +'s POS 24 +own JJ 24 +farmers NNS 18 +. . 7 + +The DT 3 +First NNP 3 +World NNP 4 +has VBZ 0 +for IN 4 +some DT 7 +time NN 5 +had VBD 4 +the DT 11 +bad JJ 11 +habit NN 8 +of IN 11 +smothering VBG 12 +other JJ 16 +people NNS 16 +'s POS 17 +economies NNS 13 +with IN 13 +this DT 20 +kind NN 18 +of IN 20 +unfocused JJ 23 +kindness NN 21 +. . 4 + +It PRP 2 +should MD 0 +be VB 2 +constantly RB 3 +stressed VBN 3 +that IN 5 +Poland NNP 8 +'s POS 9 +farmers NNS 11 +mostly RB 11 +need VBP 6 +a DT 14 +real JJ 14 +market NN 11 +for IN 14 +their PRP$ 17 +products NNS 15 +. . 2 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0135.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0135.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65da395ef60a14ec7a36125481b1f6215fe69949 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0135.dp @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +Elco NNP 3 +Industries NNPS 3 +Inc. NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 6 +expects VBZ 4 +net JJ 8 +income NN 19 +in IN 8 +the DT 11 +year NN 9 +ending VBG 11 +June NNP 12 +30 CD 13 +, , 13 +1990 CD 13 +, , 13 +to TO 19 +fall VB 6 +below IN 19 +a DT 24 +recent JJ 24 +analyst NN 24 +'s POS 25 +estimate NN 20 +of IN 25 +$ $ 28 +1.65 CD 30 +a DT 30 +share NN 26 +. . 4 + +The DT 6 +Rockford NNP 4 +, , 4 +Ill. NNP 6 +, , 4 +maker NN 10 +of IN 6 +fasteners NNS 7 +also RB 10 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 12 +expects VBZ 10 +to TO 14 +post VB 12 +sales NNS 14 +in IN 15 +the DT 20 +current JJ 20 +fiscal JJ 20 +year NN 16 +that WDT 15 +are VBP 21 +`` `` 24 +slightly RB 22 +above JJ 24 +'' '' 24 +fiscal JJ 29 +1989 CD 29 +sales NNS 24 +of IN 29 +$ $ 30 +155 CD 31 +million CD 31 +. . 10 + +The DT 2 +company NN 3 +said VBD 0 +its PRP$ 6 +industrial JJ 6 +unit NN 7 +continues VBZ 3 +to TO 9 +face VB 7 +margin NN 11 +pressures NNS 14 +and CC 14 +lower JJR 14 +demand NN 9 +. . 3 + +In IN 6 +fiscal JJ 3 +1989 CD 1 +, , 6 +Elco NNP 6 +earned VBD 0 +$ $ 15 +7.8 CD 7 +million CD 7 +, , 15 +or CC 15 +$ $ 13 +1.65 CD 15 +a DT 15 +share NN 6 +. . 6 + +The DT 3 +company NN 3 +'s POS 4 +stock NN 5 +fell VBD 0 +$ $ 7 +1.125 CD 5 +to TO 5 +$ $ 10 +13.625 CD 8 +in IN 5 +over-the-counter JJ 13 +trading NN 11 +yesterday NN 5 +. . 5 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0143.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0143.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d6fa92e7b5db6bd78d0066e80abdadd16b42f8e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0143.dp @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +Standard NNP 4 +& CC 4 +Poor NNP 4 +'s POS 5 +Corp. NNP 6 +lowered VBD 0 +to TO 6 +double-C NN 7 +from IN 6 +triple-C NN 9 +the DT 12 +rating NN 6 +on IN 12 +about IN 15 +$ $ 13 +130 CD 15 +million CD 15 +of IN 15 +debt NN 18 +. . 6 + +The DT 3 +rating NN 3 +concern NN 4 +said VBD 24 +the DT 10 +textile NN 10 +and CC 10 +clothing NN 10 +company NN 10 +'s POS 12 +interest NN 12 +expense NN 13 +exceeds VBZ 4 +operating NN 15 +profit NN 13 +`` `` 13 +by IN 13 +a DT 20 +wide JJ 20 +margin NN 17 +'' '' 13 +and CC 24 +it PRP 24 +noted VBD 0 +United NNP 26 +'s POS 29 +estimated VBN 29 +after-tax JJ 29 +loss NN 24 +of IN 29 +$ $ 30 +24 CD 31 +million CD 31 +for IN 31 +the DT 36 +year NN 34 +ended VBD 36 +June NNP 37 +30 CD 38 +. . 24 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0145.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0145.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e8fb800767e37ca831253e2998b7e178f49408f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0145.dp @@ -0,0 +1,157 @@ +The DT 3 +British NNP 3 +Department NNP 8 +of IN 3 +Trade NNP 7 +and CC 7 +Industry NNP 4 +ordered VBD 0 +an DT 10 +investigation NN 8 +of IN 10 +the DT 14 +competitive JJ 14 +impact NN 11 +of IN 14 +Michelin NNP 19 +Tyre NNP 19 +PLC NNP 19 +'s POS 21 +planned VBN 21 +acquisition NN 15 +of IN 21 +National NNP 26 +Tyre NNP 26 +Service NNP 26 +Ltd NNP 22 +. . 8 + +The DT 2 +department NN 3 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 5 +referred VBD 3 +the DT 7 +takeover NN 5 +to TO 5 +the DT 13 +Monopolies NNPS 13 +and CC 13 +Mergers NNPS 13 +Commission NNP 8 +because IN 5 +of IN 14 +the DT 18 +purchase NN 18 +'s POS 20 +possible JJ 20 +effects NNS 14 +on IN 20 +the DT 24 +U.K. NNP 24 +market NN 21 +for IN 24 +distribution NN 25 +of IN 26 +replacement NN 29 +tires NNS 27 +. . 3 + +BTR NNP 2 +PLC NNP 7 +, , 7 +a DT 7 +U.K. NNP 7 +industrial JJ 7 +conglomerate NN 9 +, , 7 +said VBD 0 +in IN 9 +June NNP 10 +it PRP 13 +had VBD 9 +sold VBN 13 +its PRP$ 19 +National NNP 19 +Tyre NNP 19 +Service NNP 19 +business NN 14 +to TO 14 +Michelin NNP 23 +Investment NNP 23 +Ltd. NNP 27 +, , 27 +a DT 27 +U.K. NNP 27 +unit NN 20 +of IN 27 +the DT 31 +tire NN 31 +maker NN 28 +, , 27 +for IN 14 +# # 36 +140 CD 36 +million CD 33 +-LRB- -LRB- 38 +$ $ 36 +221.4 CD 38 +million CD 38 +-RRB- -RRB- 38 +. . 9 + +Michelin NNP 2 +Tyre NNP 3 +is VBZ 0 +a DT 5 +unit NN 3 +of IN 5 +France NNP 8 +'s POS 10 +Michelin NNP 10 +S.A NNP 6 +. . 3 + +Michelin NNP 2 +officials NNS 3 +could MD 13 +n't RB 3 +immediately RB 3 +comment VB 3 +on IN 6 +the DT 9 +referral NN 7 +, , 13 +but CC 13 +they PRP 13 +noted VBD 0 +the DT 15 +purchase NN 18 +from IN 15 +BTR NNP 16 +has VBZ 13 +already RB 18 +been VBN 18 +concluded VBN 20 +. . 13 + +National NNP 2 +Tyre NNP 12 +, , 2 +which WDT 2 +has VBZ 4 +420 CD 7 +branches NNS 5 +throughout IN 5 +the DT 10 +U.K. NNP 8 +, , 2 +had VBD 0 +1988 CD 15 +pretax NN 15 +profit NN 12 +of IN 15 +# # 19 +8.5 CD 19 +million CD 16 +. . 12 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0152.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0152.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1581486944723448a8931b94c75093a50207a085 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0152.dp @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +Dow NNP 4 +Jones NNP 4 +& CC 4 +Co. NNP 5 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 7 +extended VBD 5 +its PRP$ 11 +$ $ 11 +18-a-share JJ 9 +offer NN 7 +for IN 11 +Telerate NNP 16 +Inc. NNP 16 +common JJ 16 +stock NN 12 +until IN 7 +5 CD 21 +p.m. NN 21 +EST NNP 21 +Nov. NNP 17 +9 CD 21 +. . 5 + +The DT 2 +offer NN 24 +, , 2 +valued VBN 2 +at IN 4 +about IN 7 +$ $ 5 +576 CD 7 +million CD 7 +for IN 4 +the DT 13 +33 CD 13 +% NN 10 +of IN 13 +Telerate NNP 14 +that IN 13 +Dow NNP 18 +Jones NNP 19 +does VBZ 16 +n't RB 19 +already RB 19 +own VBN 19 +, , 2 +had VBD 0 +been VBN 24 +set VBN 25 +to TO 28 +expire VB 26 +Nov. NNP 28 +6 CD 29 +. . 24 + +Dow NNP 2 +Jones NNP 18 +, , 2 +which WDT 2 +owns VBZ 4 +about IN 5 +64 CD 6 +million CD 6 +of IN 6 +Telerate NNP 11 +'s POS 15 +95 CD 13 +million CD 15 +common JJ 15 +shares NNS 9 +outstanding JJ 15 +, , 2 +said VBD 0 +that IN 18 +about IN 22 +24,000 CD 20 +shares NNS 23 +have VBP 19 +been VBN 23 +tendered VBN 24 +under IN 25 +its PRP$ 28 +offer NN 26 +. . 18 + +Telerate NNP 2 +'s POS 5 +two CD 5 +independent JJ 5 +directors NNS 6 +have VBP 0 +rejected VBN 6 +the DT 9 +offer NN 7 +as IN 7 +inadequate JJ 10 +. . 6 + +In IN 13 +composite JJ 3 +trading NN 1 +on IN 3 +the DT 9 +New NNP 9 +York NNP 9 +Stock NNP 9 +Exchange NNP 4 +, , 13 +Telerate NNP 12 +shares NNS 13 +closed VBD 0 +at IN 13 +$ $ 16 +19.50 CD 14 +, , 13 +up RB 13 +12.5 CD 20 +cents NNS 18 +. . 13 + +Telerate NNP 2 +provides VBZ 0 +an DT 7 +electronic JJ 7 +financial JJ 7 +information NN 7 +network NN 2 +. . 2 + +Dow NNP 2 +Jones NNP 3 +publishes VBZ 0 +The NNP 7 +Wall NNP 7 +Street NNP 7 +Journal NNP 15 +, , 15 +Barron NNP 10 +'s POS 11 +magazine NN 15 +, , 15 +and CC 15 +community NN 15 +newspapers NNS 3 +and CC 3 +operates VBZ 3 +financial JJ 20 +news NN 20 +services NNS 24 +and CC 24 +computer NN 24 +data NNS 24 +bases NNS 17 +. . 3 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0154.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0154.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..746a61c8119efea6ec3256596149411f1a607e87 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0154.dp @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +Dell NNP 3 +Computer NNP 3 +Corp. NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 6 +cut VBD 4 +prices NNS 6 +on IN 7 +several JJ 8 +of IN 9 +its PRP$ 14 +personal JJ 14 +computer NN 14 +lines NNS 10 +by IN 6 +5 CD 20 +% NN 20 +to TO 20 +17 CD 20 +% NN 15 +. . 4 + +The DT 5 +Austin NNP 4 +, , 4 +Texas-based JJ 5 +company NN 19 +, , 5 +which WDT 5 +specializes VBZ 7 +in IN 8 +the DT 12 +direct JJ 12 +sale NN 9 +of IN 12 +personal JJ 15 +computers NNS 17 +and CC 17 +accessories NNS 13 +, , 5 +said VBD 0 +its PRP$ 22 +price NN 22 +cuts NNS 23 +include VBP 19 +a DT 27 +$ $ 27 +100 CD 25 +reduction NN 23 +on IN 27 +its PRP$ 32 +System NN 32 +210 CD 32 +computer NN 28 +with IN 32 +512 CD 35 +kilobytes NNS 46 +of IN 35 +memory NN 36 +, , 46 +a DT 42 +40-megabyte JJ 42 +hard JJ 42 +disk NN 46 +and CC 46 +a DT 46 +color NN 46 +monitor NN 33 +. . 19 + +That DT 2 +package NN 4 +now RB 4 +sells VBZ 0 +for IN 4 +about IN 7 +$ $ 5 +2,099 CD 7 +. . 4 + +A DT 2 +computer NN 22 +using VBG 2 +the DT 9 +more-advanced JJ 9 +Intel NNP 9 +Corp. NNP 9 +386 CD 9 +microprocessor NN 3 +, , 2 +with IN 2 +four CD 13 +megabytes NNS 20 +of IN 13 +memory NN 14 +and CC 20 +a DT 20 +100-megabyte JJ 20 +hard JJ 20 +disk NN 11 +now RB 22 +sells VBZ 0 +for IN 22 +$ $ 25 +5,699 CD 23 +, , 25 +down RB 25 +from IN 27 +$ $ 30 +6,799 CD 28 +. . 22 + +Personal JJ 3 +computer NN 3 +prices NNS 21 +for IN 3 +models NNS 4 +using VBG 5 +the DT 12 +Intel NNP 12 +286 CD 12 +and CC 12 +386 CD 12 +microprocessors NNS 6 +, , 12 +which WDT 12 +the DT 17 +Dell NNP 17 +models NNS 18 +use VBP 14 +, , 12 +generally RB 21 +have VBP 0 +been VBN 21 +coming VBG 22 +down IN 23 +as IN 23 +chip NN 27 +prices NNS 28 +have VBP 25 +fallen VBN 28 +. . 21 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0155.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0155.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1aa37277665097e2b4092dbbf7be7b79c626f8b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0155.dp @@ -0,0 +1,1326 @@ +World NN 4 +sugar NN 4 +futures NNS 4 +prices NNS 5 +soared VBD 0 +on IN 5 +rumors NNS 6 +that IN 7 +Brazil NNP 15 +, , 15 +a DT 15 +major JJ 15 +grower NN 15 +and CC 15 +exporter NN 17 +, , 15 +might MD 8 +not RB 17 +ship VB 17 +sugar NN 19 +this DT 23 +crop NN 23 +year NN 25 +and CC 25 +next JJ 19 +. . 5 + +Prices NNS 3 +also RB 3 +were VBD 0 +boosted VBN 3 +by IN 4 +another DT 7 +rumor NN 5 +that IN 7 +Mexico NNP 16 +, , 16 +usually RB 16 +a DT 16 +large JJ 16 +producer NN 16 +and CC 16 +exporter NN 18 +, , 16 +might MD 8 +have VB 18 +to TO 21 +buy VB 19 +a DT 24 +large JJ 24 +quantity NN 21 +of IN 24 +sugar NN 25 +. . 3 + +Although IN 10 +traders NNS 3 +rushed VBD 1 +to TO 5 +buy VB 3 +futures NNS 7 +contracts NNS 5 +, , 10 +many JJ 10 +remained VBD 24 +skeptical JJ 10 +about IN 11 +the DT 15 +Brazilian JJ 15 +development NN 12 +, , 15 +which WDT 15 +could MD 17 +n't RB 18 +be VB 18 +confirmed VBN 20 +, , 24 +analysts NNS 24 +said VBD 0 +. . 24 + +The DT 5 +March NNP 5 +and CC 5 +May NNP 5 +contracts NNS 6 +rose VBD 0 +to TO 6 +fresh JJ 10 +life-of-contract JJ 10 +highs NNS 7 +of IN 10 +14.54 CD 13 +cents NNS 16 +and CC 16 +14.28 CD 16 +cents NNS 11 +at IN 6 +their PRP$ 20 +best JJS 20 +levels NNS 17 +of IN 20 +the DT 23 +day NN 21 +. . 6 + +The DT 3 +March NNP 3 +delivery NN 10 +, , 3 +which WDT 3 +has VBZ 5 +no DT 8 +limits NNS 6 +, , 3 +settled VBD 0 +at IN 10 +14.53 CD 13 +cents NNS 11 +, , 13 +up RB 13 +0.56 CD 17 +cent NN 19 +a DT 19 +pound NN 15 +. . 10 + +The DT 3 +May NNP 3 +contract NN 11 +, , 3 +which WDT 3 +also RB 7 +is VBZ 5 +without IN 7 +restraints NNS 8 +, , 3 +ended VBD 0 +with IN 11 +a DT 14 +gain NN 12 +of IN 14 +0.54 CD 17 +cent NN 15 +to TO 14 +14.26 CD 20 +cents NNS 18 +. . 11 + +The DT 3 +July NNP 3 +delivery NN 4 +rose VBD 0 +its PRP$ 8 +daily JJ 8 +permissible JJ 8 +limit NN 4 +of IN 8 +0.50 CD 11 +cent NN 13 +a DT 13 +pound NN 9 +to TO 4 +14.00 CD 16 +cents NNS 14 +, , 4 +while IN 4 +other JJ 21 +contract NN 21 +months NNS 22 +showed VBD 18 +near-limit JJ 24 +advances NNS 22 +. . 4 + +According VBG 13 +to TO 1 +reports NNS 2 +carried VBN 3 +by IN 4 +various JJ 8 +news NN 8 +services NNS 5 +, , 13 +the DT 12 +Brazilian JJ 12 +government NN 13 +told VBD 0 +its PRP$ 16 +sugar NN 16 +producers NNS 13 +that IN 13 +they PRP 19 +wo MD 17 +n't RB 19 +be VB 19 +allowed VBN 21 +to TO 24 +export VB 22 +sugar NN 24 +during IN 24 +the DT 30 +current JJ 30 +1989-90 CD 30 +season NN 40 +, , 30 +which WDT 30 +began VBD 32 +May NNP 33 +1 CD 34 +, , 30 +and CC 40 +the DT 40 +1990-91 CD 40 +season NN 26 +so IN 42 +that IN 24 +it PRP 44 +can MD 42 +be VB 44 +used VBN 45 +to TO 48 +produce VB 46 +alcohol NN 48 +for IN 48 +automobile NN 52 +fuel NN 50 +. . 13 + +One CD 2 +analyst NN 5 +, , 5 +Arthur NNP 5 +Stevenson NNP 14 +, , 5 +of IN 5 +Prudential-Bache NNP 9 +Securities NNPS 12 +, , 12 +New NNP 12 +York NNP 7 +, , 12 +estimated VBD 0 +that IN 14 +65 CD 17 +% NN 26 +or CC 19 +more JJR 17 +of IN 17 +Brazil NNP 22 +'s POS 25 +newly RB 24 +made VBN 25 +automobiles NNS 20 +run VBP 15 +on IN 26 +alcohol NN 27 +and CC 26 +ca MD 26 +n't RB 30 +use VB 30 +gasoline NN 32 +. . 14 + +`` `` 19 +This DT 3 +is VBZ 19 +a DT 5 +demand NN 3 +that WDT 5 +must MD 6 +be VB 7 +met VBN 8 +, , 9 +regardless RB 9 +of IN 11 +the DT 14 +price NN 12 +of IN 14 +oil NN 15 +, , 9 +'' '' 19 +said VBD 0 +Mr. NNP 21 +Stevenson NNP 19 +. . 19 + +Brazil NNP 2 +is VBZ 0 +the DT 5 +third-largest JJ 5 +producer NN 9 +and CC 9 +the DT 9 +fifth-largest JJ 9 +exporter NN 2 +of IN 9 +sugar NN 10 +in IN 9 +the DT 14 +world NN 12 +. . 2 + +A DT 2 +shift NN 10 +to TO 2 +producing VBG 3 +more JJR 6 +alcohol NN 9 +and CC 9 +less JJR 9 +sugar NN 4 +had VBD 22 +been VBN 10 +expected VBN 11 +, , 22 +but CC 22 +the DT 17 +latest JJS 17 +news NN 22 +, , 22 +if IN 22 +true JJ 19 +, , 22 +indicates VBZ 0 +a DT 26 +more RBR 26 +drastic JJ 26 +shift NN 22 +than IN 26 +had VBD 27 +been VBN 28 +anticipated VBN 29 +. . 22 + +During IN 8 +the DT 5 +current JJ 5 +crop NN 5 +year NN 1 +, , 8 +Brazil NNP 8 +was VBD 0 +expected VBN 8 +to TO 11 +produce VB 9 +6.9 CD 13 +million CD 14 +tons NNS 19 +of IN 14 +sugar NN 15 +, , 19 +a DT 19 +drop NN 11 +from IN 19 +8.1 CD 22 +million CD 23 +tons NNS 20 +in IN 23 +1988-89 CD 24 +. . 8 + +Its PRP$ 3 +1989-90 CD 3 +exports NNS 4 +were VBD 0 +expected VBN 4 +to TO 7 +total VB 5 +645,000 CD 9 +tons NNS 7 +in IN 7 +contrast NN 10 +to TO 11 +shipments NNS 12 +of IN 13 +1.5 CD 16 +million CD 17 +tons NNS 14 +in IN 17 + +`` `` 17 +It PRP 3 +is VBZ 17 +these DT 6 +645,000 CD 6 +tons NNS 3 +that WDT 3 +are VBP 7 +in IN 8 +question NN 9 +for IN 8 +this DT 14 +crop NN 14 +year NN 11 +, , 17 +'' '' 17 +explained VBD 0 +Judith NNP 19 +Ganes NNP 21 +, , 21 +analyst NN 17 +for IN 21 +Shearson NNP 25 +Lehman NNP 25 +Hutton NNP 28 +, , 28 +New NNP 28 +York NNP 22 +. . 17 + +`` `` 17 +Producers NNS 3 +were VBD 17 +granted VBN 3 +the DT 6 +right RB 4 +earlier RB 9 +this DT 9 +year NN 4 +to TO 11 +ship VB 4 +sugar NN 11 +and CC 17 +the DT 16 +export NN 16 +licenses NNS 17 +were VBD 0 +expected VBN 17 +to TO 20 +have VB 18 +begun VBN 20 +to TO 23 +be VB 21 +issued VBN 23 +'' '' 21 +yesterday NN 21 +. . 17 + +As IN 10 +a DT 3 +result NN 1 +, , 7 +Ms. NNP 6 +Ganes NNP 7 +said VBD 10 +, , 7 +it PRP 10 +is VBZ 0 +believed VBN 10 +that IN 11 +little JJ 16 +or CC 16 +no DT 16 +sugar NN 21 +from IN 16 +the DT 20 +1989-90 CD 20 +crop NN 17 +has VBZ 12 +been VBN 21 +shipped VBN 22 +yet RB 23 +, , 23 +even RB 27 +though IN 23 +the DT 30 +crop NN 30 +year NN 31 +is VBZ 27 +six CD 33 +months NNS 34 +old JJ 31 +. . 10 + +More JJR 11 +than IN 1 +a DT 4 +half NN 2 +of IN 4 +all DT 7 +sugar NN 5 +produced VBN 7 +in IN 8 +Brazil NNP 9 +goes VBZ 0 +for IN 11 +alcohol NN 14 +production NN 12 +, , 11 +according VBG 11 +to TO 16 +Ms. NNP 19 +Ganes NNP 17 +. . 11 + +Also RB 29 +, , 29 +there EX 4 +has VBZ 29 +been VBN 4 +a DT 7 +switch NN 5 +in IN 5 +the DT 11 +past JJ 11 +decade NN 8 +to TO 5 +planting NN 12 +of IN 13 +orange JJ 16 +trees NNS 14 +in IN 13 +areas NNS 17 +that WDT 18 +were VBD 19 +previously RB 20 +used VBN 20 +for IN 22 +cane NN 23 +, , 29 +and CC 29 +this DT 28 +change NN 29 +is VBZ 35 +being VBG 29 +felt VBN 30 +now RB 31 +, , 35 +she PRP 35 +said VBD 0 +. . 35 + +Most RBS 11 +important JJ 1 +, , 6 +Ms. NNP 5 +Ganes NNP 6 +noted VBD 11 +, , 6 +`` `` 11 +Brazilian JJ 10 +officials NNS 11 +said VBD 0 +that IN 11 +no DT 14 +decision NN 15 +has VBZ 12 +as RB 15 +yet RB 16 +been VBN 15 +made VBN 18 +on IN 19 +the DT 22 +suspension NN 20 +of IN 22 +exports NNS 23 +. . 11 +'' '' 11 + +Thomas NNP 2 +Oxnard NNP 5 +, , 5 +sugar NN 5 +analyst NN 13 +for IN 5 +PaineWebber NNP 6 +in IN 7 +Hackensack NNP 11 +, , 11 +N.J. NNP 8 +, , 5 +said VBD 0 +: : 13 +`` `` 13 +I PRP 17 +am VBP 13 +highly RB 19 +skeptical JJ 17 +that IN 19 +Brazil NNP 22 +will MD 20 +curtail VB 22 +sugar NN 25 +exports NNS 23 +, , 23 +particularly RB 28 +with IN 23 +the DT 30 +price NN 28 +of IN 30 +sugar NN 31 +at IN 30 +over IN 36 +14 CD 34 +cents NNS 38 +a DT 38 +pound NN 33 +. . 13 +'' '' 13 + +Above IN 10 +all DT 1 +, , 6 +Mr. NNP 5 +Oxnard NNP 6 +noted VBD 10 +, , 6 +the DT 9 +situation NN 10 +is VBZ 0 +extremely RB 12 +confused VBN 10 +. . 10 + +`` `` 33 +Professional JJ 4 +sugar NN 4 +people NNS 15 +here RB 4 +who WP 4 +have VBP 6 +strong JJ 9 +contacts NNS 7 +with IN 9 +the DT 14 +Brazilian JJ 14 +sugar NN 14 +industry NN 10 +have VBP 33 +been VBN 15 +unable JJ 16 +to TO 19 +confirm VB 17 +the DT 21 +reports NNS 19 +or CC 19 +get VB 19 +enough JJ 25 +information NN 23 +to TO 27 +clarify VB 25 +the DT 29 +situation NN 27 +, , 33 +'' '' 33 +he PRP 33 +said VBD 0 +. . 33 + +`` `` 3 +It PRP 3 +'s VBZ 0 +the DT 5 +type NN 3 +of IN 5 +nervous JJ 8 +atmosphere NN 6 +in IN 5 +which WDT 9 +a DT 12 +report NN 13 +can MD 31 +be VB 13 +put VBN 14 +out RP 15 +, , 15 +such JJ 19 +as IN 15 +the DT 21 +one CD 19 +saying VBG 21 +exports NNS 24 +will MD 22 +be VB 24 +suspended VBN 25 +, , 31 +and CC 31 +no DT 30 +one NN 31 +can MD 9 +confirm VB 31 +it PRP 32 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Oxnard NNP 3 +observed VBD 0 +that IN 3 +the DT 6 +situation NN 9 +in IN 6 +Brazil NNP 7 +is VBZ 4 +also RB 9 +very RB 12 +complicated VBN 9 +. . 3 + +On IN 7 +the DT 4 +one CD 4 +hand NN 1 +, , 7 +Brazil NNP 7 +started VBD 0 +an DT 10 +ethanol NN 10 +program NN 7 +about IN 13 +15 CD 11 +years NNS 14 +ago IN 7 +to TO 16 +fuel VB 7 +a DT 19 +huge JJ 19 +portion NN 16 +of IN 19 +its PRP$ 23 +national JJ 23 +fleet NN 20 +of IN 23 +cars NNS 24 +and CC 7 +is VBZ 7 +now RB 27 +committed VBN 27 +to TO 29 +this DT 32 +program NN 30 +. . 7 + +`` `` 40 +It PRP 3 +has VBZ 40 +to TO 5 +weigh VB 3 +, , 5 +on IN 5 +the DT 10 +other JJ 10 +hand NN 7 +, , 5 +the DT 15 +relatively RB 14 +high JJ 15 +price NN 5 +of IN 15 +sugar NN 16 +it PRP 19 +can MD 15 +earn VB 19 +on IN 20 +the DT 24 +export NN 24 +market NN 21 +in IN 5 +making VBG 25 +decisions NNS 26 +as IN 27 +to TO 28 +whether IN 28 +to TO 32 +produce VB 30 +sugar NN 35 +or CC 35 +alcohol NN 32 +, , 40 +'' '' 40 +Mr. NNP 39 +Oxnard NNP 40 +said VBD 0 +. . 40 + +Mexico NNP 10 +, , 1 +which WDT 1 +is VBZ 3 +normally RB 4 +a DT 8 +sugar NN 8 +exporter NN 4 +, , 1 +has VBZ 21 +had VBN 10 +production NN 13 +problems NNS 11 +in IN 11 +the DT 18 +past JJ 18 +two CD 18 +years NNS 14 +, , 21 +analysts NNS 21 +said VBD 0 +. . 21 + +Last JJ 2 +year NN 5 +, , 5 +it PRP 5 +had VBD 19 +to TO 7 +buy VB 5 +sugar NN 7 +on IN 7 +the DT 12 +world NN 12 +market NN 9 +to TO 14 +meet VB 7 +export NN 16 +commitments NNS 14 +, , 19 +they PRP 19 +noted VBD 0 +. . 19 + +This DT 2 +year NN 4 +it PRP 4 +is VBZ 30 +expected VBN 4 +to TO 7 +be VB 5 +a DT 10 +net JJ 10 +importer NN 7 +and CC 4 +is VBZ 4 +said VBN 12 +to TO 15 +be VB 13 +seeking VBG 15 +to TO 18 +buy VB 16 +about IN 21 +200,000 CD 19 +tons NNS 18 +of IN 21 +sugar NN 22 +to TO 25 +meet VB 18 +internal JJ 27 +needs NNS 25 +, , 30 +analysts NNS 30 +said VBD 0 +. . 30 + +In IN 0 +other JJ 4 +commodity NN 4 +markets NNS 1 +yesterday NN 1 +: : 1 + +ENERGY NNP 0 +: : 1 + +Petroleum NNP 2 +futures NNS 3 +were VBD 0 +generally RB 5 +higher JJR 3 +with IN 3 +heating NN 8 +oil NN 9 +leading VBG 6 +the DT 11 +way NN 9 +. . 3 + +On IN 13 +the DT 6 +New NNP 6 +York NNP 6 +Mercantile NNP 6 +Exchange NNP 1 +, , 13 +heating NN 9 +oil NN 13 +for IN 9 +December NNP 12 +delivery NN 10 +increased VBD 0 +1.25 CD 15 +cents NNS 13 +to TO 17 +settle VB 13 +at IN 17 +60.36 CD 20 +cents NNS 22 +a DT 22 +gallon NN 18 +. . 13 + +Gasoline NN 2 +futures NNS 3 +were VBD 0 +mixed VBN 3 +to TO 4 +unchanged JJ 5 +. . 3 + +But CC 7 +the DT 3 +strength NN 7 +in IN 3 +heating NN 6 +oil NN 4 +helped VBD 0 +push VB 7 +up RP 8 +crude JJ 11 +oil NN 8 +. . 7 + +West NNP 3 +Texas NNP 3 +Intermediate NNP 8 +crude JJ 3 +for IN 3 +December NNP 7 +delivery NN 5 +rose VBD 0 +13 CD 10 +cents NNS 12 +a DT 12 +barrel NN 8 +to TO 14 +settle VB 8 +at IN 14 +$ $ 17 +20.07 CD 15 +. . 8 + +The DT 2 +firmness NN 6 +in IN 2 +heating NN 5 +oil NN 3 +was VBD 0 +attributed VBN 6 +to TO 7 +colder JJR 10 +weather NN 8 +in IN 10 +parts NNS 11 +of IN 12 +the DT 15 +U.S. NNP 13 +and CC 8 +to TO 8 +the DT 21 +latest JJS 21 +weekly JJ 21 +report NN 17 +by IN 21 +the DT 26 +American NNP 26 +Petroleum NNP 26 +Institute NNP 22 +, , 21 +which WDT 21 +showed VBD 28 +a DT 31 +decline NN 29 +in IN 31 +inventories NNS 32 +of IN 33 +the DT 36 +fuel NN 34 +. . 6 + +GRAINS NNPS 3 +AND NNP 3 +SOYBEANS NNPS 0 +: : 3 + +Prices NNS 2 +closed VBD 0 +mostly RB 2 +higher JJR 3 +in IN 2 +relatively RB 8 +light JJ 8 +trading NN 5 +as IN 2 +farmers NNS 11 +continued VBD 9 +to TO 13 +withhold VB 11 +their PRP$ 15 +crops NNS 13 +from IN 13 +the DT 18 +marketplace NN 16 +in IN 13 +the DT 21 +hope NN 19 +of IN 21 +higher JJR 24 +prices NNS 22 +to TO 26 +come VB 24 +. . 2 + +Trading NN 2 +was VBD 0 +muted VBN 2 +in IN 3 +part NN 4 +because IN 3 +of IN 6 +the DT 9 +observance NN 6 +of IN 9 +All NNP 14 +Saints NNP 14 +' POS 14 +Day NNP 10 +across IN 9 +much JJ 15 +of IN 16 +Europe NNP 17 +. . 2 + +Continued VBN 3 +export NN 3 +demand NN 5 +also RB 5 +supported VBD 0 +prices NNS 5 +. . 5 + +As IN 16 +an DT 3 +indicator NN 1 +of IN 3 +the DT 9 +tight JJ 9 +grain NN 9 +supply NN 9 +situation NN 4 +in IN 9 +the DT 12 +U.S. NNP 10 +, , 16 +market NN 15 +analysts NNS 16 +said VBD 0 +that IN 16 +late JJ 19 +Tuesday NNP 32 +the DT 22 +Chinese JJ 22 +government NN 32 +, , 22 +which WDT 22 +often RB 26 +buys VBZ 24 +U.S. NNP 28 +grains NNS 26 +in IN 26 +quantity NN 29 +, , 22 +turned VBD 17 +instead RB 32 +to TO 32 +Britain NNP 34 +to TO 37 +buy VB 32 +500,000 CD 40 +metric JJ 40 +tons NNS 37 +of IN 40 +wheat NN 41 +. . 16 + +Traders NNS 2 +said VBD 0 +prices NNS 5 +also RB 5 +were VBD 2 +supported VBN 5 +by IN 6 +widespread JJ 9 +rumors NNS 7 +that IN 9 +the DT 13 +Soviet NNP 13 +Union NNP 14 +is VBZ 10 +on IN 14 +the DT 17 +verge NN 15 +of IN 17 +receiving VBG 18 +most RBS 21 +favored JJ 23 +nation NN 23 +status NN 19 +from IN 19 +the DT 26 +U.S. NNP 24 +. . 2 + +That DT 2 +designation NN 3 +would MD 0 +, , 3 +among IN 3 +other JJ 7 +things NNS 5 +, , 3 +provide VB 3 +more RBR 13 +generous JJ 13 +credit NN 13 +terms NNS 9 +under IN 13 +which WDT 14 +the DT 17 +Soviets NNPS 18 +could MD 14 +purchase VB 18 +grain NN 19 +. . 3 + +The DT 2 +Soviets NNPS 3 +are VBP 0 +widely RB 3 +believed VBN 3 +to TO 7 +need VB 5 +additional JJ 9 +supplies NNS 7 +, , 5 +despite IN 5 +running VBG 11 +up RP 12 +record JJ 16 +one-month JJ 16 +purchases NNS 12 +of IN 16 +310 CD 19 +million CD 20 +bushels NNS 17 +of IN 20 +corn NN 21 +in IN 12 +October NNP 23 +. . 3 + +COPPER NNP 0 +: : 1 + +Futures NNS 2 +prices NNS 3 +rose VBD 0 +, , 3 +extending VBG 3 +Tuesday NNP 7 +'s POS 8 +gains NNS 5 +. . 3 + +The DT 3 +December NNP 3 +contract NN 4 +advanced VBD 0 +2.50 CD 6 +cents NNS 8 +a DT 8 +pound NN 4 +to TO 4 +$ $ 11 +1.1650 CD 9 +. . 4 + +Buying VBG 6 +for IN 6 +the DT 5 +most JJS 5 +part NN 2 +carried VBD 16 +over RP 6 +from IN 6 +the DT 11 +previous JJ 11 +session NN 8 +, , 16 +and CC 16 +traders NNS 16 +apparently RB 16 +ignored VBD 33 +reports NNS 16 +that IN 17 +a DT 22 +Chilean JJ 22 +mine JJ 22 +strike NN 23 +may MD 18 +have VB 23 +ended VBN 24 +almost RB 27 +before IN 25 +it PRP 29 +began VBD 27 +, , 33 +an DT 32 +analyst NN 33 +said VBD 0 +. . 33 + +According VBG 17 +to TO 1 +news NN 5 +service NN 5 +reports NNS 2 +, , 17 +most JJS 8 +workers NNS 17 +at IN 8 +the DT 12 +Disputado NNP 12 +mines NNS 9 +owned VBN 12 +by IN 13 +Exxon NNP 16 +Corp. NNP 14 +agreed VBD 0 +to TO 17 +a DT 23 +new JJ 23 +two-year JJ 23 +wage NN 23 +contract NN 18 +that WDT 23 +includes VBZ 24 +a DT 29 +5 CD 28 +% NN 29 +increase NN 32 +and CC 32 +other JJ 32 +benefits NNS 25 +. . 17 + +However RB 5 +, , 5 +some DT 4 +workers NNS 5 +have VBP 19 +n't RB 5 +yet RB 5 +accepted VBN 5 +the DT 11 +new JJ 11 +contract NN 8 +and CC 5 +are VBP 5 +continuing VBG 13 +negotiations NNS 14 +, , 19 +the DT 18 +analyst NN 19 +said VBD 0 +. . 19 + +Separately RB 4 +, , 4 +Reuter NNP 4 +reported VBD 0 +that IN 4 +the DT 9 +Papua-New NNP 9 +Guinea NNP 9 +government NN 10 +urged VBD 5 +its PRP$ 12 +Parliament NNP 10 +to TO 14 +extend VB 10 +a DT 16 +state NN 14 +of IN 16 +emergency NN 17 +in IN 14 +copper-rich JJ 22 +Bougainville NNP 22 +Island NNP 19 +for IN 14 +two CD 25 +months NNS 23 +. . 4 + +The DT 4 +Bougainville NNP 4 +copper NN 4 +mine NN 5 +has VBZ 0 +been VBN 5 +inoperative JJ 6 +since IN 6 +May NNP 8 +15 CD 9 +because IN 6 +of IN 11 +attacks NNS 11 +by IN 13 +native JJ 16 +landowners NNS 14 +who WP 16 +want VBP 17 +Bougainville NNP 21 +to TO 21 +secede VB 18 +from IN 21 +Papua-New NNP 24 +Guinea NNP 22 +. . 5 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0157.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0157.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..87e61ebbc5ccc6ffca06f831c54692d908db1316 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0157.dp @@ -0,0 +1,198 @@ +Tony NNP 3 +Lama NNP 3 +Co. NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +that IN 4 +Equus NNP 10 +Investment NNP 10 +II NNP 10 +Limited NNP 10 +Partnership NNP 11 +has VBZ 5 +proposed VBN 11 +changing VBG 12 +the DT 15 +offer NN 13 +for IN 15 +the DT 18 +company NN 16 +to TO 13 +$ $ 21 +13.65 CD 19 +in IN 21 +cash NN 25 +and CC 25 +stock NN 22 +from IN 13 +an DT 29 +all-cash JJ 29 +transaction NN 26 +. . 4 + +Under IN 18 +terms NNS 1 +of IN 2 +the DT 6 +new JJ 6 +proposal NN 3 +, , 18 +Equus NNP 18 +, , 8 +managed VBN 8 +by IN 10 +Equus NNP 14 +Capital NNP 14 +Corp. NNP 16 +, , 16 +Houston NNP 11 +, , 8 +would MD 0 +pay VB 18 +$ $ 22 +12 CD 22 +cash NN 27 +and CC 27 +one CD 27 +new JJ 27 +preferred JJ 27 +share NN 19 +with IN 27 +a DT 31 +liquidation NN 31 +preference NN 28 +of IN 31 +$ $ 34 +1.65 CD 36 +a DT 36 +share NN 32 +for IN 31 +each DT 37 +of IN 38 +Tony NNP 42 +Lama NNP 42 +'s POS 45 +2.1 CD 44 +million CD 45 +shares NNS 39 +outstanding JJ 45 +. . 18 + +Previously RB 4 +, , 4 +it PRP 4 +offered VBD 0 +$ $ 6 +13.65 CD 8 +a DT 8 +share NN 13 +in IN 8 +cash NN 9 +, , 13 +or CC 13 +$ $ 4 +29 CD 13 +million CD 13 +. . 4 + +The DT 7 +El NNP 5 +Paso NNP 5 +, , 5 +Texas NNP 7 +, , 5 +maker NN 14 +of IN 7 +Western JJ 10 +boots NNS 13 +and CC 13 +leather NN 13 +accessories NNS 8 +said VBD 0 +the DT 17 +preferred VBN 17 +stock NN 18 +would MD 14 +accrue VB 18 +dividends NNS 19 +at IN 19 +a DT 25 +12 CD 24 +% NN 25 +rate NN 21 +, , 18 +but CC 18 +would MD 18 +n't RB 28 +be VB 28 +paid VBN 30 +for IN 31 +the DT 36 +first JJ 36 +two CD 36 +years NNS 32 +. . 14 + +The DT 2 +stock NN 3 +would MD 0 +be VB 3 +redeemed VBN 4 +in IN 5 +five CD 8 +years NNS 6 +, , 5 +subject JJ 5 +to TO 10 +terms NNS 11 +of IN 12 +the DT 17 +surviving VBG 17 +company NN 17 +'s POS 18 +debt NN 13 +. . 3 + +Neither DT 5 +Equus NNP 5 +nor CC 5 +Tony NNP 5 +Lama NNP 6 +gave VBD 16 +a DT 8 +reason NN 6 +for IN 8 +the DT 12 +changed VBN 12 +offer NN 9 +and CC 16 +Tony NNP 15 +Lama NNP 16 +could MD 0 +n't RB 16 +be VB 16 +reached VBN 18 +for IN 19 +comment NN 20 +. . 16 + +However RB 5 +, , 5 +Tony NNP 4 +Lama NNP 5 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 7 +would MD 5 +promptly RB 7 +submit VB 7 +the DT 11 +offer NN 9 +to TO 9 +a DT 15 +special JJ 15 +committee NN 12 +of IN 15 +the DT 19 +company NN 19 +'s POS 20 +board NN 16 +. . 5 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0158.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0158.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..55bed38a9c4f1e1aee72cbf3b0e4846e004e7d0d --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0158.dp @@ -0,0 +1,415 @@ +Reuters NNP 3 +Holdings NNP 3 +PLC NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +Michael NNP 6 +Reupke NNP 7 +resigned VBD 4 +as IN 7 +general JJ 10 +manager NN 8 +to TO 12 +pursue VB 7 +unspecified JJ 14 +interests NNS 12 +, , 7 +a DT 17 +move NN 7 +the DT 20 +news NN 20 +organization NN 21 +termed VBD 17 +an DT 25 +`` `` 25 +amicable JJ 25 +separation NN 21 +. . 4 +'' '' 4 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Reupke NNP 13 +, , 2 +52 CD 5 +years NNS 6 +old JJ 2 +and CC 6 +a DT 11 +27-year JJ 11 +Reuters NNP 11 +veteran NN 6 +, , 2 +had VBD 0 +been VBN 13 +the DT 18 +information-services NNS 18 +company NN 18 +'s POS 20 +general JJ 20 +manager NN 14 +for IN 14 +only RB 24 +six CD 24 +months NNS 21 +. . 13 + +His PRP$ 2 +appointment NN 17 +to TO 2 +that DT 5 +post NN 3 +, , 5 +which WDT 5 +has VBZ 7 +senior JJ 15 +administrative JJ 15 +, , 10 +staff NN 10 +and CC 10 +policy NN 10 +responsibilities NNS 8 +, , 5 +followed VBD 0 +a DT 20 +several-year JJ 20 +tenure NN 17 +as IN 20 +Reuters NNP 23 +'s POS 24 +editor NN 21 +in IN 24 +chief NN 25 +. . 17 + +No DT 2 +successor NN 3 +was VBD 11 +named VBN 3 +, , 11 +and CC 11 +Mr. NNP 9 +Reupke NNP 9 +'s POS 10 +duties NNS 11 +will MD 23 +be VB 11 +split VBN 12 +among IN 13 +three CD 19 +other JJ 19 +senior JJ 19 +Reuters NNP 19 +executives NNS 14 +, , 23 +the DT 22 +company NN 23 +said VBD 0 +. . 23 + +In IN 8 +a DT 4 +telephone NN 4 +interview NN 1 +, , 8 +Mr. NNP 7 +Reupke NNP 8 +said VBD 0 +his PRP$ 10 +departure NN 11 +was VBD 8 +for IN 11 +`` `` 15 +personal JJ 15 +reasons NNS 12 +, , 15 +'' '' 15 +which WDT 15 +he PRP 20 +declined VBD 18 +to TO 22 +specify VB 20 +. . 8 + +`` `` 19 +There EX 3 +is VBZ 19 +no DT 6 +business NN 6 +reason NN 14 +for IN 6 +my PRP$ 9 +departure NN 7 +, , 14 +'' '' 14 +nor CC 14 +any DT 14 +disagreement NN 3 +over IN 14 +policy NN 15 +, , 19 +he PRP 19 +added VBD 0 +. . 19 + +He PRP 3 +also RB 3 +rejected VBD 0 +reports NNS 3 +that IN 4 +his PRP$ 7 +departure NN 8 +stemmed VBD 5 +from IN 8 +disappointment NN 9 +the DT 14 +general JJ 14 +manager NN 14 +'s POS 15 +post NN 16 +had VBD 10 +n't RB 16 +also RB 16 +led VBN 16 +to TO 19 +a DT 23 +board NN 23 +directorship NN 20 +at IN 23 +the DT 28 +London-based JJ 28 +news NN 28 +organization NN 24 +. . 3 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Reupke NNP 3 +was VBD 0 +one CD 3 +of IN 4 +three CD 7 +executives NNS 5 +on IN 7 +Reuters NNP 10 +'s POS 13 +eight-person JJ 13 +executive NN 13 +committee NN 8 +who WP 7 +did VBD 14 +n't RB 15 +also RB 15 +serve VB 15 +on IN 18 +the DT 22 +company NN 22 +'s POS 23 +board NN 19 +of IN 23 +directors NNS 24 +. . 3 + +`` `` 26 +If IN 12 +I PRP 4 +were VBD 2 +choosing VBG 4 +the DT 7 +people NNS 5 +of IN 7 +tomorrow NN 8 +, , 12 +I PRP 12 +would MD 26 +have VB 12 +chosen VBN 13 +the DT 16 +people NNS 14 +who WP 16 +are VBP 17 +now RB 18 +on IN 18 +the DT 22 +board NN 20 +, , 26 +'' '' 26 +he PRP 26 +said VBD 0 +. . 26 + +A DT 3 +Reuters NNP 3 +spokesman NN 4 +said VBD 0 +the DT 6 +departure NN 7 +reflects VBZ 4 +`` `` 7 +no DT 10 +change NN 7 +in IN 10 +strategy NN 14 +or CC 14 +profits NNS 11 +. . 4 +'' '' 4 + +Mark NNP 2 +Shepperd NNP 5 +, , 5 +an DT 5 +analyst NN 14 +at IN 5 +UBS NNP 10 +Phillips NNP 10 +& CC 10 +Drew NNP 6 +in IN 10 +London NNP 11 +, , 5 +said VBD 0 +, , 14 +`` `` 14 +I PRP 18 +suspect VBP 14 +-LRB- -LRB- 23 +the DT 21 +departure NN 23 +-RRB- -RRB- 23 +will MD 18 +be VB 23 +fairly RB 26 +irrelevant JJ 24 +for IN 24 +the DT 29 +company NN 27 +. . 14 + +I PRP 2 +would MD 0 +be VB 2 +very RB 5 +surprised VBN 3 +if IN 3 +his PRP$ 8 +departure NN 9 +signals VBZ 6 +any DT 15 +change NN 15 +in IN 11 +strategy NN 12 +or CC 15 +change NN 9 +in IN 15 +profit NN 18 +expectations NNS 16 +. . 2 +'' '' 2 + +On IN 9 +London NNP 3 +'s POS 5 +Stock NNP 5 +Exchange NNP 1 +, , 9 +Reuters NNP 8 +shares NNS 9 +rose VBD 0 +five CD 11 +pence NN 9 +to TO 9 +913 CD 14 +pence NN 12 +-LRB- -LRB- 17 +$ $ 17 +14.43 CD 14 +-RRB- -RRB- 17 +. . 9 + +In IN 22 +the DT 5 +U.S. NNP 5 +over-the-counter JJ 5 +market NN 1 +, , 22 +American JJ 9 +depositary NN 9 +shares NNS 22 +for IN 9 +Reuters NNP 10 +, , 22 +each DT 14 +representing VBG 22 +three CD 16 +shares NNS 14 +in IN 14 +the DT 20 +London NNP 20 +market NN 17 +, , 22 +closed VBD 0 +unchanged JJ 22 +at IN 22 +$ $ 26 +43.875 CD 24 +. . 22 + +The DT 2 +senior NN 14 +of IN 2 +the DT 6 +three CD 6 +executives NNS 3 +who WP 6 +will MD 7 +assume VB 8 +Mr. NNP 12 +Reupke NNP 12 +'s POS 13 +duties NNS 9 +is VBZ 0 +Nigel NNP 16 +Judah NNP 26 +, , 26 +58 CD 26 +, , 26 +finance NN 21 +director NN 26 +and CC 26 +a DT 26 +Reuters NNP 26 +board NN 26 +director NN 14 +. . 14 + +Peter NNP 2 +Holland NNP 8 +, , 8 +45 CD 8 +, , 8 +deputy JJ 8 +general JJ 8 +manager NN 10 +, , 8 +becomes VBZ 0 +director NN 10 +of IN 11 +corporate JJ 14 +affairs NNS 12 +. . 10 + +And CC 11 +Patrick NNP 3 +Mannix NNP 9 +, , 9 +46 CD 9 +, , 9 +international JJ 9 +technical JJ 9 +manager NN 11 +, , 9 +becomes VBZ 0 +director NN 11 +of IN 12 +group NN 16 +quality NN 16 +programs NNS 13 +. . 11 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0161.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0161.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e98911f170effcaa367039a52e12d9694fe812f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0161.dp @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +Hadson NNP 2 +Corp. NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 5 +expects VBZ 3 +to TO 7 +report VB 5 +a DT 11 +third-quarter NN 11 +net JJ 11 +loss NN 7 +of IN 11 +$ $ 17 +17 CD 17 +million CD 17 +to TO 17 +$ $ 12 +19 CD 17 +million CD 17 +because IN 7 +of IN 20 +special JJ 23 +reserves NNS 28 +and CC 28 +continued VBN 28 +low JJ 28 +natural-gas NN 28 +prices NNS 20 +. . 3 + +The DT 7 +Oklahoma NNP 7 +City NNP 7 +energy NN 7 +and CC 7 +defense NN 7 +concern NN 8 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 10 +will MD 8 +record VB 10 +a DT 16 +$ $ 16 +7.5 CD 13 +million CD 13 +reserve NN 11 +for IN 11 +its PRP$ 20 +defense NN 20 +group NN 17 +, , 11 +including VBG 11 +a DT 27 +$ $ 27 +4.7 CD 24 +million CD 24 +charge NN 22 +related VBN 27 +to TO 28 +problems NNS 37 +under IN 30 +a DT 35 +fixed-price JJ 35 +development NN 35 +contract NN 31 +and CC 37 +$ $ 29 +2.8 CD 37 +million CD 37 +in IN 37 +overhead JJ 42 +costs NNS 40 +that WDT 42 +wo MD 43 +n't RB 44 +be VB 44 +reimbursed VBN 46 +. . 8 + +In IN 5 +addition NN 1 +, , 5 +Hadson NNP 5 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 7 +will MD 5 +write VB 7 +off RP 8 +about IN 11 +$ $ 8 +3.5 CD 11 +million CD 11 +in IN 11 +costs NNS 14 +related VBN 15 +to TO 16 +international JJ 20 +exploration NN 20 +leases NNS 17 +where WRB 20 +exploration NN 23 +efforts NNS 24 +have VBP 21 +been VBN 24 +unsuccessful JJ 25 +. . 5 + +The DT 2 +company NN 4 +also RB 4 +cited VBD 0 +interest NN 8 +costs NNS 8 +and CC 8 +amortization NN 4 +of IN 8 +goodwill NN 9 +as IN 4 +factors NNS 11 +in IN 12 +the DT 15 +loss NN 13 +. . 4 + +A DT 2 +year NN 3 +earlier JJR 7 +, , 7 +net JJ 6 +income NN 7 +was VBD 0 +$ $ 16 +2.1 CD 8 +million CD 8 +, , 16 +or CC 16 +six CD 14 +cents NNS 16 +a DT 16 +share NN 7 +, , 16 +on IN 7 +revenue NN 18 +of IN 19 +$ $ 20 +169.9 CD 21 +million CD 21 +. . 7 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0162.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0162.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..11bd625387671ef9e252893887b6ebdb61aba632 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0162.dp @@ -0,0 +1,1084 @@ +A DT 2 +lack NN 10 +of IN 2 +enthusiasm NN 3 +with IN 4 +the DT 9 +latest JJS 9 +economic JJ 9 +data NNS 5 +hampered VBD 0 +the DT 14 +stock NN 14 +market NN 14 +'s POS 15 +bid NN 10 +to TO 17 +extend VB 15 +Tuesday NNP 19 +'s POS 21 +sharp JJ 21 +gains NNS 17 +, , 10 +as IN 10 +prices NNS 25 +closed VBD 23 +slightly RB 25 +higher JJR 26 +in IN 25 +sluggish JJ 30 +trading NN 28 +. . 10 + +While IN 17 +renewed VBN 3 +optimism NN 10 +about IN 3 +the DT 6 +outlook NN 4 +for IN 6 +takeover NN 9 +activity NN 7 +boosted VBD 1 +several JJ 14 +so-called JJ 14 +deal NN 14 +stocks NNS 10 +, , 17 +traders NNS 17 +said VBD 0 +profit-taking NN 19 +weighed VBD 17 +on IN 19 +the DT 22 +market NN 20 +, , 19 +with IN 19 +blue-chips NNS 26 +bearing VBG 24 +the DT 28 +brunt NN 26 +of IN 28 +the DT 31 +selling NN 29 +. . 17 + +The DT 5 +Dow NNP 5 +Jones NNP 5 +Industrial NNP 5 +Average NNP 15 +, , 5 +which WDT 5 +had VBD 7 +jumped VBN 8 +41.60 CD 11 +points NNS 9 +on IN 9 +Tuesday NNP 12 +, , 5 +drifted VBD 0 +on IN 15 +either DT 18 +side NN 16 +of IN 18 +its PRP$ 22 +previous JJ 22 +close NN 19 +and CC 15 +finished VBD 15 +with IN 24 +a DT 27 +gain NN 25 +of IN 27 +just RB 30 +0.82 CD 28 +at IN 24 +2645.90 CD 31 +. . 15 + +Standard NNP 4 +& CC 4 +Poor NNP 4 +'s POS 6 +500-Stock NNP 6 +Index NNP 7 +added VBD 14 +0.84 CD 7 +to TO 7 +341.20 CD 9 +; : 14 +the DT 13 +rise NN 14 +was VBD 0 +equivalent JJ 14 +to TO 15 +a DT 18 +gain NN 16 +of IN 18 +about IN 22 +six CD 20 +points NNS 19 +in IN 18 +the DT 26 +industrial JJ 26 +average NN 23 +. . 14 + +The DT 6 +Dow NNP 6 +Jones NNP 6 +Equity NNP 6 +Market NNP 6 +Index NNP 7 +gained VBD 19 +0.99 CD 7 +to TO 7 +319.75 CD 9 +and CC 19 +the DT 18 +New NNP 18 +York NNP 18 +Stock NNP 18 +Exchange NNP 18 +Composite NNP 18 +Index NNP 19 +went VBD 0 +up IN 19 +0.60 CD 19 +to TO 19 +188.84 CD 22 +. . 19 + +Advancing VBG 2 +stocks NNS 3 +led VBD 0 +decliners NNS 3 +on IN 3 +the DT 10 +New NNP 10 +York NNP 10 +Stock NNP 10 +Exchange NNP 5 +by IN 3 +847 CD 11 +to TO 3 +644 CD 13 +. . 3 + +Big NNP 3 +Board NNP 3 +volume NN 4 +amounted VBD 0 +to TO 4 +154,240,000 CD 7 +shares NNS 5 +, , 7 +down IN 7 +from IN 9 +176.1 CD 12 +million CD 13 +Tuesday NNP 10 +. . 4 + +The DT 3 +October NNP 3 +survey NN 12 +of IN 3 +corporate JJ 7 +purchasing VBG 7 +managers NNS 4 +, , 12 +as IN 12 +expected VBN 9 +, , 12 +provided VBN 0 +evidence NN 12 +that IN 13 +economic JJ 16 +growth NN 17 +remains VBZ 14 +subdued VBN 17 +. . 12 + +An DT 2 +index NN 10 +of IN 2 +economic JJ 5 +activity NN 3 +drawn VBN 2 +from IN 6 +the DT 9 +survey NN 7 +stood VBD 22 +last JJ 12 +month NN 10 +at IN 10 +47.6 CD 15 +% NN 13 +; : 22 +a DT 18 +reading NN 22 +above IN 18 +50 CD 21 +% NN 19 +would MD 0 +have VB 22 +indicated VBN 23 +that IN 24 +the DT 28 +manufacturing VBG 28 +sector NN 29 +was VBD 25 +improving VBG 29 +. . 22 + +But CC 25 +with IN 25 +the DT 4 +index NN 5 +proving VBG 18 +somewhat RB 7 +better JJR 5 +than IN 7 +expected VBN 8 +and CC 18 +the DT 14 +widely RB 13 +anticipated VBN 14 +report NN 18 +on IN 14 +October NNP 17 +employment NN 15 +scheduled VBN 2 +to TO 20 +arrive VB 18 +tomorrow NN 20 +, , 25 +stock NN 24 +prices NNS 25 +firmed VBD 0 +only RB 25 +modestly RB 26 +in IN 25 +response NN 28 +to TO 29 +the DT 32 +report NN 30 +and CC 25 +then RB 35 +faltered VBD 25 +. . 25 + +`` `` 12 +This DT 3 +market NN 4 +'s VBZ 12 +still RB 4 +going VBG 4 +through IN 6 +its PRP$ 9 +pains NNS 7 +, , 12 +'' '' 12 +said VBD 0 +Philip NNP 14 +Puccio NNP 16 +, , 16 +head NN 12 +of IN 16 +equity NN 19 +trading NN 17 +at IN 16 +Prudential-Bache NNP 22 +Securities NNPS 20 +. . 12 + +`` `` 4 +The DT 3 +psychology NN 4 +is VBZ 0 +still RB 4 +: : 4 +` `` 4 +We PRP 9 +want VBP 22 +-LRB- -LRB- 11 +stocks NNS 9 +-RRB- -RRB- 11 +up RB 11 +, , 22 +but CC 22 +if IN 22 +they PRP 18 +do VBP 16 +n't RB 18 +carry VB 18 +we PRP 22 +'re VBP 4 +going VBG 22 +to TO 25 +sell VB 23 +them PRP 25 +. . 4 +' '' 4 +'' '' 4 + +Uncertainty NN 27 +about IN 1 +the DT 4 +prospects NNS 2 +for IN 4 +further JJ 7 +action NN 5 +to TO 9 +curtail VB 7 +stock-index JJ 11 +arbitrage NN 14 +, , 14 +a DT 14 +form NN 9 +of IN 14 +program NN 17 +trading NN 15 +blamed VBN 14 +for IN 18 +recent JJ 21 +volatility NN 19 +in IN 21 +the DT 24 +market NN 22 +, , 14 +also RB 27 +contributed VBD 36 +to TO 27 +its PRP$ 30 +lack NN 28 +of IN 30 +direction NN 31 +, , 36 +Mr. NNP 35 +Puccio NNP 36 +said VBD 0 +. . 36 + +Arbitrage-related JJ 2 +trading NN 6 +during IN 2 +the DT 5 +session NN 3 +was VBD 0 +confined VBN 6 +largely RB 9 +to TO 7 +a DT 11 +round NN 9 +of IN 11 +buy NN 14 +programs NNS 12 +near IN 11 +the DT 17 +close NN 15 +, , 11 +which WDT 11 +helped VBD 19 +offset VB 20 +the DT 23 +impact NN 21 +of IN 23 +profit-taking NN 24 +among IN 23 +blue JJ 28 +chips NNS 26 +. . 6 + +Trading NN 2 +is VBZ 0 +expected VBN 2 +to TO 5 +remain VB 3 +subdued VBN 5 +as IN 5 +the DT 9 +market NN 10 +awaits VBZ 7 +tomorrow NN 12 +'s POS 13 +release NN 10 +of IN 13 +the DT 17 +jobs NNS 17 +data NNS 14 +with IN 10 +the DT 20 +hope NN 18 +that IN 20 +it PRP 23 +will MD 21 +point VB 23 +toward IN 24 +a DT 27 +decline NN 25 +in IN 27 +interest NN 30 +rates NNS 28 +. . 2 + +`` `` 26 +I PRP 3 +sense VBP 26 +that IN 3 +some DT 6 +people NNS 7 +are VBP 4 +reluctant JJ 7 +to TO 10 +stick VB 8 +their PRP$ 12 +necks NNS 10 +out RP 10 +in IN 10 +any DT 17 +aggressive JJ 17 +way NN 14 +until IN 10 +after IN 18 +the DT 21 +figures NNS 22 +come VBP 19 +out IN 22 +, , 26 +'' '' 26 +said VBD 0 +Richard NNP 28 +Eakle NNP 30 +, , 30 +president NN 26 +of IN 30 +Eakle NNP 33 +Associates NNPS 36 +, , 36 +Fair NNP 36 +Haven NNP 31 +, , 36 + +Campbell NNP 2 +Soup NNP 3 +jumped VBD 0 +3 CD 5 +3\/8 CD 3 +to TO 3 +47 CD 8 +1\/8 CD 6 +as IN 3 +the DT 11 +resignation NN 22 +of IN 11 +R. NNP 15 +Gordon NNP 15 +McGovern NNP 12 +as IN 11 +president NN 21 +and CC 21 +chief NN 21 +executive NN 21 +officer NN 16 +sparked VBD 9 +a DT 24 +revival NN 22 +of IN 24 +rumors NNS 25 +that IN 26 +the DT 29 +company NN 30 +could MD 27 +become VB 30 +a DT 34 +takeover NN 34 +target NN 31 +. . 3 + +Prudential-Bache NNP 2 +Securities NNPS 3 +boosted VBD 19 +the DT 6 +stock NN 6 +'s POS 9 +short-term JJ 9 +investment NN 9 +rating NN 3 +in IN 3 +response NN 10 +to TO 11 +the DT 14 +departure NN 12 +; : 19 +analyst NN 18 +John NNP 18 +McMillin NNP 19 +said VBD 0 +he PRP 21 +believes VBZ 19 +the DT 23 +company NN 24 +will MD 21 +turn VB 24 +to TO 25 +new JJ 28 +management NN 26 +`` `` 28 +that DT 28 +'s VBZ 30 +more RBR 33 +financially RB 31 +oriented VBN 33 +. . 19 +'' '' 19 + +Other JJ 6 +rumored VBN 6 +takeover NN 6 +and CC 6 +restructuring VBG 6 +candidates NNS 10 +to TO 8 +attract VB 6 +buyers NNS 8 +included VBD 0 +Woolworth NNP 42 +, , 11 +which WDT 11 +went VBD 13 +up RB 14 +1 CD 17 +3\/4 CD 15 +to TO 15 +59 CD 20 +1\/2 CD 18 +; : 42 +Avon NNP 23 +Products NNPS 42 +, , 23 +up RB 23 +1 CD 27 +3\/4 CD 25 +to TO 25 +29 CD 30 +1\/4 CD 28 +; : 42 +Paramount NNP 33 +Communications NNPS 42 +, , 33 +up RB 33 +2 CD 35 +to TO 35 +57 CD 39 +7\/8 CD 37 +, , 33 +and CC 42 +Ferro NNP 10 +, , 42 +up RB 42 +2 CD 46 +5\/8 CD 44 +to TO 44 +28 CD 49 +3\/4 CD 47 +. . 10 + +Upjohn NNP 5 +, , 5 +a DT 5 +rumored VBN 5 +target NN 11 +within IN 5 +the DT 9 +drug NN 9 +industry NN 6 +, , 5 +advanced VBD 0 +7\/8 CD 11 +to TO 11 +38 CD 15 +7\/8 CD 13 +. . 11 + +The DT 2 +company NN 3 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 5 +plans VBZ 3 +a DT 8 +fourth-quarter NN 8 +charge NN 5 +, , 8 +which WDT 8 +it PRP 12 +did VBD 10 +n't RB 12 +specify VB 12 +, , 8 +for IN 8 +an DT 19 +early-retirement JJ 19 +program NN 16 +. . 3 + +AMR NNP 2 +climbed VBD 0 +1 CD 4 +3\/4 CD 2 +to TO 2 +73 CD 7 +1\/8 CD 5 +amid IN 2 +rumors NNS 8 +that IN 9 +New NNP 15 +York NNP 15 +developer NN 15 +Donald NNP 15 +Trump NNP 16 +was VBD 10 +seeking VBG 16 +financing NN 17 +to TO 20 +mount VB 18 +a DT 25 +new JJ 25 +, , 25 +lower JJR 25 +offer NN 20 +for IN 25 +the DT 29 +parent NN 29 +company NN 26 +of IN 29 +American NNP 32 +Airlines NNPS 30 +. . 2 + +Mr. NNP 2 +Trump NNP 3 +withdrew VBD 0 +a DT 7 +$ $ 7 +120-a-share JJ 5 +bid NN 3 +last JJ 9 +month NN 3 +. . 3 + +UAL NNP 2 +rose VBD 0 +1 CD 4 +1\/2 CD 2 +to TO 2 +177 CD 5 +. . 2 + +Drexel NNP 6 +Burnham NNP 6 +Lambert NNP 6 +analyst NN 6 +Michael NNP 6 +Derchin NNP 7 +said VBD 0 +he PRP 9 +sees VBZ 7 +a DT 13 +70 CD 12 +% NN 13 +chance NN 9 +that IN 13 +the DT 16 +parent NN 22 +of IN 16 +United NNP 19 +Airlines NNPS 17 +, , 22 +the DT 22 +target NN 34 +of IN 22 +a DT 28 +failed VBN 28 +$ $ 28 +300-a-share JJ 26 +offer NN 23 +from IN 28 +a DT 32 +labor-management NN 32 +group NN 29 +, , 22 +will MD 14 +be VB 34 +acquired VBN 35 +or CC 36 +restructured VBN 36 +within IN 36 +six CD 41 +months NNS 39 +. . 7 + +Georgia NNP 2 +Gulf NNP 3 +added VBD 0 +1 CD 5 +3\/4 CD 3 +to TO 3 +51 CD 8 +1\/4 CD 6 +after IN 3 +NL NNP 11 +Industries NNPS 20 +, , 11 +controlled VBN 11 +by IN 13 +Dallas NNP 18 +investor NN 18 +Harold NNP 18 +Simmons NNP 14 +, , 11 +offered VBD 9 +to TO 22 +acquire VB 20 +the DT 24 +stock NN 22 +it PRP 26 +does VBZ 24 +n't RB 26 +already RB 26 +own VB 26 +for IN 22 +$ $ 32 +50 CD 34 +a DT 34 +share NN 30 +. . 3 + +NL NNP 10 +, , 1 +which WDT 1 +closed VBD 3 +unchanged JJ 4 +at IN 4 +22 CD 8 +3\/4 CD 6 +, , 1 +has VBZ 0 +a DT 12 +stake NN 10 +of IN 12 +just RB 15 +under IN 17 +10 CD 15 +% NN 13 +. . 10 + +Great NNP 3 +Northern NNP 3 +Nekoosa NNP 22 +, , 3 +which WDT 3 +surged VBD 5 +20 CD 8 +1\/8 CD 6 +Tuesday NNP 6 +after IN 6 +Georgia-Pacific NNP 12 +launched VBD 10 +a DT 17 +$ $ 17 +3.18 CD 14 +billion CD 14 +offer NN 12 +for IN 17 +the DT 20 +company NN 18 +, , 3 +dropped VBD 0 +1 CD 24 +3\/8 CD 22 +to TO 22 +61 CD 27 +1\/2 CD 25 +in IN 22 +Big NNP 32 +Board NNP 32 +composite NN 32 +trading NN 28 +of IN 32 +5.1 CD 35 +million CD 36 +shares NNS 33 +. . 22 + +Georgia-Pacific NNP 10 +, , 1 +which WDT 1 +went VBD 3 +down IN 4 +2 CD 7 +1\/2 CD 5 +Tuesday NNP 4 +, , 1 +lost VBD 0 +another DT 12 +1\/2 CD 10 +to TO 10 +50 CD 15 +3\/8 CD 13 +. . 10 + +Other JJ 5 +paper NN 5 +and CC 2 +forest-products NNS 2 +stocks NNS 6 +closed VBD 0 +mixed VBN 6 +. . 6 + +Mead NNP 2 +rose VBD 19 +3\/4 CD 2 +to TO 2 +39 CD 6 +1\/2 CD 4 +, , 19 +Federal NNP 10 +Paper NNP 10 +Board NNP 11 +added VBD 19 +1\/2 CD 11 +to TO 11 +24 CD 15 +3\/8 CD 13 +and CC 19 +Scott NNP 18 +Paper NNP 19 +gained VBD 0 +1\/2 CD 19 +to TO 19 +48 CD 23 +3\/8 CD 21 +, , 19 +while IN 19 +International NNP 27 +Paper NNP 28 +fell VBD 43 +7\/8 CD 28 +to TO 28 +48 CD 32 +7\/8 CD 30 +, , 43 +Champion NNP 35 +International NNP 36 +lost VBD 43 +3\/8 CD 36 +to TO 36 +31 CD 40 +1\/2 CD 38 +and CC 43 +Louisiana-Pacific NNP 43 +dropped VBD 25 +1\/8 CD 43 +to TO 43 +40 CD 47 +1\/4 CD 45 +. . 19 + +Texaco NNP 2 +rose VBD 0 +3\/4 CD 2 +to TO 2 +53 CD 6 +3\/8 CD 4 +as IN 2 +4.4 CD 9 +million CD 10 +shares NNS 11 +changed VBD 7 +hands NNS 11 +. . 2 + +Most JJS 5 +of IN 1 +the DT 4 +volume NN 2 +came VBD 18 +from IN 5 +trades NNS 6 +designed VBN 7 +to TO 10 +capture VB 8 +the DT 13 +stock NN 13 +'s POS 15 +next JJ 15 +dividend NN 10 +; : 18 +Texaco NNP 18 +has VBZ 0 +a DT 20 +yield NN 18 +of IN 20 +5.6 CD 23 +% NN 21 +and CC 18 +goes VBZ 18 +ex-dividend JJ 25 +today NN 25 +. . 18 + +Santa NNP 3 +Fe NNP 3 +Pacific NNP 4 +dropped VBD 0 +1 CD 6 +1\/8 CD 4 +to TO 4 +17 CD 9 +3\/4 CD 7 +. . 4 + +The DT 3 +company NN 3 +'s POS 4 +proposal NN 20 +to TO 6 +sell VB 4 +a DT 10 +20 CD 9 +% NN 10 +stake NN 6 +in IN 10 +its PRP$ 14 +real-estate NN 14 +unit NN 11 +for IN 6 +around IN 17 +$ $ 15 +400 CD 17 +million CD 17 +has VBZ 0 +caused VBN 20 +analysts NNS 24 +to TO 24 +consider VB 21 +whether IN 24 +to TO 27 +cut VB 25 +their PRP$ 29 +estimates NNS 27 +of IN 29 +Santa NNP 33 +Fe NNP 33 +'s POS 35 +asset NN 35 +value NN 30 +. . 20 + +GenCorp NNP 2 +tumbled VBD 0 +2 CD 2 +to TO 2 +14 CD 4 +. . 2 + +The DT 2 +company NN 3 +forecast VBD 0 +that IN 3 +fourth-quarter NN 6 +income NN 10 +from IN 6 +continuing VBG 9 +operations NNS 7 +would MD 4 +be VB 10 +`` `` 15 +significantly RB 15 +'' '' 15 +lower JJR 11 +than IN 15 +a DT 18 +year NN 19 +earlier JJR 16 +. . 3 + +Allergan NNP 2 +went VBD 0 +up IN 2 +1\/2 CD 3 +to TO 3 +19 CD 7 +3\/8 CD 5 +. . 2 + +The DT 5 +Food NNP 5 +and CC 5 +Drug NNP 5 +Administration NNP 6 +allowed VBD 0 +the DT 8 +company NN 10 +to TO 10 +begin VB 6 +marketing VBG 10 +a DT 14 +new JJ 14 +lens NN 11 +for IN 14 +use NN 15 +in IN 16 +cataract NN 19 +patients NNS 17 +. . 6 + +The DT 7 +American NNP 7 +Stock NNP 7 +Exchange NNP 7 +Market NNP 7 +Value NNP 7 +Index NNP 8 +gained VBD 0 +1.56 CD 8 +to TO 8 +372.14 CD 10 +. . 8 + +Volume NN 2 +totaled VBD 0 +11,390,000 CD 4 +shares NNS 2 +. . 2 + +Old NNP 3 +Spaghetti NNP 3 +Warehouse NNP 4 +rose VBD 0 +1 CD 4 +to TO 4 +16 CD 8 +1\/8 CD 6 +. . 4 + +Its PRP$ 3 +net JJ 3 +income NN 8 +for IN 3 +the DT 7 +September NNP 7 +quarter NN 4 +rose VBD 0 +about IN 11 +41 CD 9 +% NN 8 +from IN 8 +a DT 14 +year NN 15 +ago IN 12 +. . 8 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0165.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0165.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e2cb4a537373fa335daec1ff386f5186db0c027 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0165.dp @@ -0,0 +1,191 @@ +Heritage NNP 3 +Media NNP 3 +Corp. NNP 6 +, , 6 +New NNP 6 +York NNP 8 +, , 6 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 10 +offered VBD 8 +to TO 12 +buy VB 10 +the DT 14 +shares NNS 12 +of IN 14 +POP NNP 18 +Radio NNP 18 +Corp. NNP 15 +it PRP 20 +does VBZ 14 +n't RB 20 +already RB 20 +own VB 20 +in IN 12 +a DT 27 +stock NN 27 +swap NN 24 +. . 8 + +Heritage NNP 15 +, , 1 +which WDT 1 +owns VBZ 3 +51 CD 6 +% NN 4 +of IN 6 +POP NNP 9 +'s POS 12 +3.6 CD 11 +million CD 12 +shares NNS 7 +outstanding JJ 12 +, , 1 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 17 +will MD 15 +exchange VB 17 +one CD 20 +share NN 18 +of IN 20 +a DT 25 +new JJ 25 +preferred VBN 25 +stock NN 21 +for IN 18 +each DT 30 +POP NNP 30 +common JJ 30 +share NN 26 +it PRP 32 +does VBZ 30 +n't RB 32 +already RB 32 +own VB 32 +. . 15 + +Depending VBG 18 +upon IN 1 +how WRB 2 +many JJ 3 +warrants NNS 3 +and CC 3 +options NNS 3 +are VBP 3 +exercised VBN 8 +prior RB 9 +to TO 10 +completion NN 11 +of IN 12 +the DT 15 +transaction NN 13 +, , 18 +Heritage NNP 18 +would MD 32 +issue VB 18 +between IN 27 +1.8 CD 20 +million CD 20 +and CC 20 +2.35 CD 20 +million CD 20 +preferred VBN 27 +shares NNS 19 +, , 32 +a DT 31 +Heritage NNP 31 +spokesman NN 32 +estimated VBD 0 +. . 32 + +In IN 8 +national JJ 4 +over-the-counter JJ 4 +trading NN 1 +yesterday NN 8 +, , 8 +POP NNP 8 +plunged VBD 0 +$ $ 10 +4 CD 8 +to TO 8 +$ $ 13 +14.75 CD 11 +. . 8 + +The DT 3 +preferred VBN 3 +stock NN 17 +, , 3 +which WDT 3 +would MD 5 +have VB 6 +a DT 10 +dividend NN 10 +rate NN 7 +of IN 10 +$ $ 13 +1.76 CD 15 +a DT 15 +year NN 11 +, , 3 +would MD 0 +be VB 17 +convertible JJ 18 +into IN 19 +Heritage NNP 20 +common JJ 21 +at IN 19 +a DT 25 +rate NN 23 +of IN 25 +four CD 29 +common JJ 29 +shares NNS 26 +for IN 29 +each DT 32 +preferred VBD 30 +. . 17 + +New NNP 2 +York-based JJ 4 +POP NNP 4 +Radio NNP 5 +provides VBZ 0 +, , 5 +through IN 5 +a DT 12 +national JJ 12 +, , 12 +in-store JJ 12 +network NN 7 +, , 5 +a DT 21 +customized VBN 21 +music NN 21 +, , 21 +information NN 21 +and CC 21 +advertising VBG 21 +service NN 5 +which WDT 21 +simulates VBZ 22 +live JJ 25 +radio NN 23 +. . 5 + +Heritage NNP 2 +owns VBZ 0 +and CC 2 +operates VBZ 2 +television NN 8 +and CC 8 +radio NN 8 +stations NNS 14 +and CC 14 +in-store JJ 14 +advertising NN 14 +and CC 14 +promotion NN 14 +programs NNS 2 +. . 2 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0170.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0170.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..789e0cb1cf2fcc66613ae126d99e8df9b77a5918 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0170.dp @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +Carnival NNP 4 +Cruise NNP 4 +Lines NNP 4 +Inc. NNP 5 +said VBD 0 +potential JJ 7 +problems NNS 18 +with IN 7 +the DT 10 +construction NN 8 +of IN 10 +two CD 15 +big JJ 15 +cruise NN 15 +ships NNS 11 +from IN 15 +Finland NNP 16 +have VBP 5 +been VBN 18 +averted VBN 19 +. . 5 + +Last JJ 2 +week NN 6 +, , 6 +Miami-based JJ 5 +Carnival NNP 6 +disclosed VBD 0 +that IN 6 +Waertsilae NNP 10 +Marine NNP 10 +Industries NNPS 14 +, , 14 +the DT 14 +Finnish JJ 14 +shipyard NN 24 +that WDT 14 +is VBZ 15 +building VBG 16 +Carnival NNP 19 +'s POS 22 +new JJ 22 +cruise NN 22 +ships NNS 17 +, , 14 +planned VBD 7 +to TO 26 +file VB 24 +for IN 26 +bankruptcy NN 27 +. . 6 + +Yesterday NN 4 +, , 4 +Carnival NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +a DT 7 +new JJ 7 +company NN 8 +has VBZ 4 +been VBN 8 +formed VBN 9 +in IN 10 +Finland NNP 11 +that WDT 10 +will MD 13 +carry VB 14 +on RP 15 +Waertsilae NNP 18 +'s POS 20 +shipbuilding NN 20 +operations NNS 15 +. . 4 + +Carnival NNP 2 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 4 +will MD 2 +be VB 4 +an DT 9 +11 CD 8 +% NN 9 +shareholder NN 5 +in IN 9 +the DT 13 +new JJ 13 +company NN 10 +. . 2 + +Carnival NNP 2 +said VBD 0 +the DT 4 +Fantasy NNP 8 +, , 8 +a DT 8 +2,050-passenger JJ 8 +ship NN 18 +that WDT 8 +was VBD 9 +slated VBN 10 +to TO 13 +be VB 11 +delivered VBN 13 +this DT 16 +month NN 14 +, , 8 +will MD 2 +be VB 18 +delivered VBN 19 +in IN 20 +January NNP 21 +. . 2 + +A DT 3 +second JJ 3 +ship NN 4 +is VBZ 0 +now RB 4 +expected VBN 4 +to TO 8 +be VB 6 +delivered VBN 8 +late JJ 12 +next JJ 12 +year NN 14 +or CC 14 +early RB 9 +in IN 14 +1991 CD 15 +. . 4 + +Carnival NNP 2 +had VBD 0 +expected VBN 2 +that DT 5 +ship NN 7 +to TO 7 +be VB 3 +delivered VBN 7 +next JJ 10 +fall NN 8 +. . 2 + +A DT 4 +planned VBN 4 +third JJ 4 +ship NN 6 +still RB 6 +may MD 21 +be VB 6 +built VBN 7 +in IN 8 +the DT 12 +Finnish JJ 12 +shipyard NN 9 +, , 6 +or CC 6 +may MD 6 +be VB 15 +built VBN 16 +elsewhere RB 17 +, , 21 +Carnival NNP 21 +said VBD 0 +. . 21 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0172.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0172.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f3d611da486cc676c9a396825a649cecb83fd340 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0172.dp @@ -0,0 +1,179 @@ +First NNP 5 +of IN 1 +America NNP 2 +Bank NNP 5 +Corp. NNP 6 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 8 +completed VBD 6 +its PRP$ 10 +acquisition NN 8 +of IN 10 +Midwest NNP 15 +Financial NNP 15 +Group NNP 15 +Inc. NNP 11 +for IN 10 +about IN 18 +$ $ 16 +250 CD 18 +million CD 18 +. . 6 + +First NNP 17 +of IN 1 +America NNP 2 +, , 1 +which WDT 1 +now RB 7 +has VBZ 5 +45 CD 9 +banks NNS 11 +and CC 11 +$ $ 7 +12.5 CD 11 +billion CD 11 +in IN 11 +assets NNS 14 +, , 1 +announced VBD 0 +an DT 19 +agreement NN 17 +to TO 21 +acquire VB 19 +the DT 29 +Peoria NNP 25 +, , 25 +Ill. NNP 29 +, , 25 +bank NN 29 +holding VBG 29 +company NN 21 +in IN 17 +January NNP 30 +. . 17 + +Midwest NNP 2 +Financial NNP 3 +has VBZ 0 +$ $ 11 +2.3 CD 4 +billion CD 4 +in IN 4 +assets NNS 7 +and CC 11 +eight CD 11 +banks NNS 3 +. . 3 + +The DT 5 +Midwest NNP 5 +Financial NNP 5 +subsidiary NN 5 +banks NNS 6 +will MD 0 +continue VB 6 +to TO 9 +operate VB 7 +under IN 9 +their PRP$ 13 +current JJ 13 +names NNS 10 +until IN 7 +early JJ 16 +1990 CD 14 +, , 16 +when WRB 16 +each DT 20 +will MD 18 +adopt VB 20 +the DT 26 +First NNP 26 +of IN 23 +America NNP 24 +name NN 21 +. . 6 + +Kalamazoo NNP 3 +, , 3 +Mich.-based JJ 4 +First NNP 7 +of IN 4 +America NNP 5 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 9 +will MD 7 +eliminate VB 9 +the DT 14 +13 CD 14 +management NN 14 +positions NNS 10 +of IN 14 +the DT 21 +former JJ 21 +Midwest NNP 21 +Financial NNP 21 +parent NN 21 +company NN 15 +. . 7 + +First NNP 4 +of IN 1 +America NNP 2 +said VBD 0 +some DT 9 +of IN 5 +the DT 8 +managers NNS 6 +will MD 4 +take VB 9 +other JJ 12 +jobs NNS 10 +with IN 12 +First NNP 13 +of IN 14 +America NNP 15 +. . 4 + +But CC 3 +it PRP 3 +said VBD 0 +that IN 3 +severance NN 6 +payments NNS 15 +to TO 6 +those DT 9 +executives NNS 7 +not RB 11 +staying VBG 9 +with IN 11 +the DT 14 +company NN 12 +will MD 4 +reduce VB 15 +First NNP 20 +of IN 20 +America NNP 18 +'s POS 22 +operating NN 22 +results NNS 16 +for IN 22 +1989 CD 23 +by IN 16 +$ $ 25 +3 CD 26 +million CD 26 +to TO 16 +$ $ 41 +4 CD 30 +million CD 30 +, , 41 +or CC 41 +15 CD 36 +cents NNS 39 +to TO 36 +20 CD 36 +cents NNS 41 +a DT 41 +share NN 29 +. . 3 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0175.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0175.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c17ed5d21fca6a2cc45aa07d66492283068bdb40 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0175.dp @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +Sony NNP 2 +Corp. NNP 3 +completed VBD 0 +its PRP$ 6 +tender NN 6 +offer NN 3 +for IN 6 +Columbia NNP 11 +Pictures NNPS 11 +Entertainment NNP 11 +Inc. NNP 7 +, , 3 +with IN 3 +Columbia NNP 15 +shareholders NNS 16 +tendering VBG 13 +99.3 CD 18 +% NN 16 +of IN 18 +all DT 22 +common JJ 22 +shares NNS 19 +outstanding JJ 22 +by IN 16 +the DT 27 +Tuesday NNP 27 +deadline NN 24 +. . 3 + +Sony NNP 4 +Columbia NNP 4 +Acquisition NNP 4 +Corp. NNP 12 +, , 4 +formed VBN 4 +for IN 6 +the DT 10 +Columbia NNP 10 +deal NN 7 +, , 4 +will MD 26 +formally RB 12 +take VB 12 +ownership NN 14 +of IN 14 +the DT 19 +movie NN 19 +studio NN 16 +later JJ 22 +this DT 22 +month NN 14 +, , 26 +a DT 25 +spokesman NN 26 +said VBD 0 +. . 26 + +Sony NNP 2 +is VBZ 0 +paying VBG 2 +$ $ 5 +27 CD 7 +a DT 7 +share NN 10 +, , 10 +or CC 10 +$ $ 3 +3.55 CD 10 +billion CD 10 +, , 3 +cash NN 3 +and CC 2 +is VBZ 2 +assuming VBG 16 +$ $ 17 +1.4 CD 18 +billion CD 18 +of IN 18 +long-term JJ 23 +debt NN 21 +. . 2 + +Still RB 2 +unresolved JJ 3 +is VBZ 0 +Sony NNP 5 +'s POS 6 +effort NN 3 +to TO 8 +hire VB 6 +producers NNS 16 +Jon NNP 11 +Peters NNP 14 +and CC 14 +Peter NNP 14 +Guber NNP 9 +to TO 16 +run VB 8 +the DT 18 +studio NN 16 +. . 3 + +Sony NNP 2 +'s POS 4 +planned VBN 4 +acquisition NN 13 +of IN 4 +Guber\/Peters NNP 8 +Entertainment NNP 8 +Co. NNP 5 +for IN 4 +$ $ 9 +200 CD 10 +million CD 10 +is VBZ 0 +scheduled VBN 13 +to TO 16 +close VB 14 +Monday NNP 16 +. . 13 + +Guber\/Peters NNP 2 +has VBZ 0 +been VBN 2 +locked VBN 3 +in IN 4 +litigation NN 5 +with IN 6 +Warner NNP 10 +Communications NNPS 10 +Inc. NNP 7 +in IN 4 +an DT 13 +attempt NN 11 +to TO 15 +get VB 13 +out IN 15 +of IN 16 +an DT 21 +exclusive JJ 21 +production NN 21 +contract NN 17 +with IN 21 +Warner NNP 22 +. . 2 + +Both DT 2 +sides NNS 3 +are VBP 0 +in IN 3 +talks NNS 4 +to TO 7 +settle VB 5 +the DT 9 +dispute NN 7 +. . 3 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0183.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0183.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0900f3e61584ec9a2279137c1c5c1e845aa60dfd --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0183.dp @@ -0,0 +1,232 @@ +The DT 5 +U.S. NNP 5 +International NNP 5 +Trade NNP 5 +Commission NNP 6 +issued VBD 0 +preliminary JJ 8 +rulings NNS 6 +under IN 8 +the DT 13 +U.S. NNP 13 +anti-dumping JJ 13 +act NN 9 +that IN 8 +imports NNS 26 +of IN 15 +sweaters NNS 16 +from IN 15 +Hong NNP 20 +Kong NNP 25 +, , 25 +Taiwan NNP 25 +and CC 25 +South NNP 25 +Korea NNP 18 +may MD 14 +be VB 26 +injuring VBG 27 +a DT 31 +domestic JJ 31 +industry NN 28 +. . 6 + +Because IN 9 +of IN 1 +the DT 4 +rulings NNS 1 +, , 9 +the DT 8 +Commerce NNP 8 +Department NNP 9 +will MD 0 +continue VB 9 +to TO 12 +investigate VB 10 +complaints NNS 12 +by IN 13 +U.S. NNP 17 +sweater NN 17 +makers NNS 14 +that IN 13 +the DT 20 +imports NNS 21 +are VBP 18 +reaching VBG 21 +the DT 24 +U.S. NNP 22 +at IN 22 +unfairly RB 28 +low JJ 28 +prices NNS 25 +in IN 22 +violation NN 29 +of IN 30 +the DT 35 +U.S. NNP 35 +anti-dumping JJ 35 +act NN 31 +. . 9 + +The DT 2 +law NN 3 +defines VBZ 0 +unfairly RB 6 +low JJ 6 +prices NNS 3 +as IN 3 +ones NNS 7 +below IN 8 +the DT 11 +cost NN 9 +of IN 11 +production NN 12 +or CC 9 +below IN 9 +prices NNS 15 +in IN 16 +an DT 20 +exporter NN 20 +'s POS 22 +home NN 22 +market NN 17 +. . 3 + +ITC NNP 2 +officials NNS 3 +said VBD 0 +final JJ 9 +Commerce NNP 9 +Department NNP 9 +and CC 9 +ITC NNP 9 +rulings NNS 10 +wo MD 3 +n't RB 10 +come VB 10 +until IN 12 +next JJ 15 +March NNP 13 +or CC 15 +later JJ 15 +. . 3 + +If IN 14 +both DT 3 +agencies NNS 4 +find VBP 1 +violations NNS 4 +of IN 5 +the DT 10 +U.S. NNP 10 +trade NN 10 +law NN 6 +, , 14 +the DT 13 +U.S. NNP 14 +would MD 0 +assess VB 14 +penalty NN 17 +duties NNS 15 +on IN 15 +the DT 20 +imports NNS 18 +, , 20 +which WDT 20 +already RB 24 +are VBP 22 +subject JJ 24 +to TO 25 +import NN 28 +quotas NNS 26 +under IN 24 +bilateral JJ 35 +textile NN 35 +and CC 35 +apparel NN 35 +trade NN 35 +agreements NNS 29 +. . 14 + +Imports NNS 7 +of IN 1 +manmade-fiber JJ 4 +sweaters NNS 2 +in IN 1 +1988 CD 5 +totaled VBD 0 +about IN 9 +$ $ 22 +405 CD 9 +million CD 9 +from IN 9 +Taiwan NNP 12 +, , 22 +$ $ 22 +400 CD 15 +million CD 15 +from IN 15 +South NNP 20 +Korea NNP 18 +and CC 22 +$ $ 7 +125 CD 22 +million CD 22 +from IN 22 +Hong NNP 27 +Kong NNP 25 +, , 7 +according VBG 7 +to TO 29 +the DT 32 +ITC NNP 30 +. . 7 + +In IN 7 +another DT 3 +action NN 1 +, , 7 +the DT 6 +ITC NNP 7 +dismissed VBD 0 +anti-dumping JJ 10 +act NN 10 +complaints NNS 7 +filed VBN 10 +by IN 11 +Du NNP 15 +Pont NNP 15 +Co. NNP 12 +of IN 15 +Wilmington NNP 19 +, , 19 +Del. NNP 16 +, , 19 +against IN 11 +imports NNS 21 +of IN 22 +neoprene NN 27 +, , 27 +a DT 27 +type NN 23 +of IN 27 +synthetic JJ 30 +rubber NN 28 +, , 22 +from IN 22 +France NNP 36 +and CC 36 +West NNP 36 +Germany NNP 32 +. . 7 + +These DT 2 +imports NNS 3 +totaled VBD 0 +about IN 5 +$ $ 3 +17 CD 5 +million CD 5 +last JJ 9 +year NN 3 +. . 3 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0184.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0184.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..42eb118c65f2debc45713e0f5e4e4a7603f06baf --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0184.dp @@ -0,0 +1,377 @@ +Upjohn NNP 2 +Co. NNP 3 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 5 +will MD 3 +offer VB 5 +an DT 10 +early JJ 10 +retirement NN 10 +package NN 6 +to TO 6 +as RB 14 +many JJ 14 +as IN 16 +1,100 CD 14 +employees NNS 11 +in IN 6 +a DT 20 +cost-cutting JJ 20 +move NN 17 +expected VBN 20 +to TO 23 +result VB 21 +in IN 23 +a DT 27 +fourth-quarter NN 27 +charge NN 24 +. . 3 + +Upjohn NNP 2 +officials NNS 3 +said VBD 0 +they PRP 5 +could MD 3 +n't RB 5 +estimate VB 5 +the DT 9 +size NN 7 +of IN 9 +the DT 12 +charge NN 10 +until IN 7 +they PRP 15 +determine VBP 13 +which WDT 15 +employees NNS 16 +, , 21 +and CC 21 +how WRB 21 +many JJ 16 +, , 21 +will MD 16 +participate VB 23 +in IN 24 +the DT 28 +retirement NN 28 +plan NN 25 +. . 3 + +But CC 5 +the DT 4 +pharmaceutical JJ 4 +company NN 5 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 8 +`` `` 8 +anticipates VBZ 5 +the DT 11 +long-term JJ 11 +savings NNS 18 +resulting VBG 11 +from IN 12 +the DT 16 +plan NN 16 +'s POS 17 +implementation NN 13 +will MD 8 +more RBR 21 +than IN 19 +offset VBN 18 +short-term JJ 23 +costs NNS 21 +. . 5 +'' '' 5 + +The DT 2 +program NN 14 +, , 2 +available JJ 2 +to TO 4 +Upjohn NNP 7 +employees NNS 5 +55 CD 9 +years NNS 10 +old JJ 12 +or CC 12 +older JJR 7 +, , 2 +could MD 0 +increase VB 14 +an DT 18 +individual NN 18 +'s POS 20 +retirement NN 20 +benefits NNS 15 +10 CD 25 +% NN 25 +to TO 25 +20 CD 25 +% NN 15 +. . 14 + +In IN 5 +addition NN 1 +, , 5 +Upjohn NNP 5 +is VBZ 0 +offering VBG 5 +a DT 10 +one-time JJ 10 +retirement NN 10 +bonus NN 6 +equal JJ 10 +to TO 11 +six CD 14 +months NNS 12 +of IN 14 +base NN 17 +pay NN 15 +. . 5 + +Chairman NNP 3 +Theodore NNP 3 +Cooper NNP 4 +called VBD 0 +the DT 6 +program NN 7 +part NN 4 +of IN 7 +the DT 11 +company NN 11 +'s POS 13 +two-year JJ 13 +strategy NN 8 +to TO 15 +implement VB 13 +budget NN 17 +constraints NNS 23 +and CC 23 +`` `` 23 +an DT 23 +effective JJ 23 +headcount-control NN 23 +program NN 15 +. . 4 +'' '' 4 + +But CC 4 +some DT 3 +analysts NNS 4 +questioned VBD 0 +how WRB 6 +much RB 4 +of IN 6 +an DT 9 +impact NN 7 +the DT 12 +retirement NN 12 +package NN 13 +will MD 6 +have VB 13 +, , 4 +because IN 4 +few JJ 18 +jobs NNS 19 +will MD 16 +end VB 19 +up RP 20 +being VBG 20 +eliminated VBN 22 +. . 4 + +`` `` 9 +It PRP 3 +'s VBZ 9 +a DT 6 +cosmetic JJ 6 +move NN 3 +, , 9 +'' '' 9 +said VBD 0 +Jonathan NNP 12 +S. NNP 12 +Gelles NNP 9 +of IN 12 +Wertheim NNP 17 +Schroder NNP 17 +& CC 17 +Co NNP 13 +. . 9 + +According VBG 18 +to TO 1 +Upjohn NNP 4 +'s POS 5 +estimates NNS 2 +, , 18 +only RB 18 +50 CD 12 +% NN 12 +to TO 12 +60 CD 12 +% NN 7 +of IN 12 +the DT 17 +1,100 CD 17 +eligible JJ 17 +employees NNS 13 +will MD 0 +take VB 18 +advantage NN 19 +of IN 19 +the DT 23 +plan NN 21 +. . 18 + +Upjohn NNP 3 +further RB 3 +estimated VBD 0 +that IN 3 +about IN 7 +50 CD 5 +% NN 16 +of IN 7 +the DT 10 +employees NNS 8 +who WP 10 +leave VBP 11 +for IN 12 +early JJ 15 +retirement NN 13 +may MD 4 +be VB 16 +replaced VBN 17 +. . 3 + +As IN 6 +a DT 3 +result NN 1 +, , 6 +Upjohn NNP 6 +will MD 0 +likely RB 6 +trim VB 6 +only RB 10 +about IN 8 +275 CD 10 +to TO 10 +350 CD 10 +of IN 10 +its PRP$ 19 +more JJR 17 +than IN 19 +21,000 CD 17 +jobs NNS 14 +world-wide JJ 8 +. . 6 + +In IN 14 +composite JJ 3 +trading NN 1 +on IN 3 +the DT 9 +New NNP 9 +York NNP 9 +Stock NNP 9 +Exchange NNP 4 +yesterday NN 14 +, , 14 +Upjohn NNP 13 +shares NNS 14 +rose VBD 0 +87.5 CD 16 +cents NNS 14 +to TO 14 +$ $ 19 +38.875 CD 17 +apiece RB 19 +. . 14 + +An DT 3 +Upjohn NNP 3 +spokesman NN 4 +said VBD 0 +he PRP 6 +had VBD 4 +`` `` 6 +heard VBN 6 +nothing NN 8 +'' '' 9 +to TO 12 +suggest VB 9 +the DT 16 +early JJ 16 +retirement NN 16 +package NN 17 +was VBD 12 +spurred VBN 17 +by IN 18 +shareholder NN 21 +pressure NN 25 +or CC 25 +a DT 25 +potential JJ 25 +bidder NN 19 +for IN 25 +the DT 28 +company NN 26 +, , 28 +which WDT 28 +occasionally RB 32 +has VBZ 30 +been VBN 32 +the DT 35 +target NN 33 +of IN 35 +takeover NN 38 +speculation NN 36 +. . 4 + +The DT 2 +company NN 6 +earlier RBR 6 +this DT 3 +year NN 3 +adopted VBD 0 +a DT 9 +shareholder-rights JJ 9 +plan NN 6 +to TO 11 +ward VB 6 +off RP 11 +unwanted JJ 14 +suitors NNS 11 +. . 6 + +The DT 2 +spokesman NN 3 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 5 +is VBZ 3 +the DT 10 +first RB 10 +early JJ 10 +retirement NN 10 +plan NN 5 +offered VBN 10 +under IN 11 +its PRP$ 16 +two-year JJ 16 +cost-control JJ 16 +strategy NN 12 +. . 3 + +Earlier JJR 3 +staff-reduction NN 3 +moves NNS 4 +have VBP 12 +trimmed VBN 4 +about IN 8 +300 CD 6 +jobs NNS 5 +, , 12 +the DT 11 +spokesman NN 12 +said VBD 0 +. . 12 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0191.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0191.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d45cedf3ba33f00818230295060509f80d83cfb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0191.dp @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +First NNP 3 +Chicago NNP 3 +Corp. NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 6 +completed VBD 4 +its PRP$ 12 +$ $ 12 +55.1 CD 8 +million CD 8 +cash-and-stock JJ 12 +acquisition NN 6 +of IN 12 +closely RB 15 +held VBN 18 +Ravenswood NNP 18 +Financial NNP 18 +Corp. NNP 24 +, , 24 +another DT 24 +Chicago NNP 24 +bank NN 24 +holding VBG 24 +company NN 13 +. . 4 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0192.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0192.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a9504a77b971083f3c5732bcfe8c380ed6a59307 --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0192.dp @@ -0,0 +1,1555 @@ +The DT 4 +record NN 4 +corn-buying JJ 4 +binge NN 9 +by IN 4 +the DT 8 +Soviet NNP 8 +Union NNP 5 +is VBZ 0 +causing VBG 9 +serious JJ 12 +bottlenecks NNS 10 +in IN 10 +the DT 17 +U.S. NNP 17 +grain NN 17 +pipeline NN 13 +. . 9 + +The DT 3 +Soviet JJ 3 +purchases NNS 4 +are VBP 0 +so RB 6 +massive JJ 4 +that IN 6 +exporters NNS 9 +are VBP 7 +struggling VBG 9 +to TO 12 +find VB 10 +enough JJ 17 +river NN 17 +barges NNS 17 +and CC 17 +trains NNS 12 +to TO 19 +move VB 17 +the DT 24 +recently RB 22 +harvested VBN 24 +Midwest NN 24 +crop NN 19 +to TO 19 +ports NNS 25 +for IN 19 +loading VBG 27 +onto IN 28 +Soviet JJ 31 +ships NNS 29 +. . 4 + +River NN 3 +barge NN 3 +rates NNS 4 +have VBP 0 +soared VBN 4 +40 CD 7 +% NN 5 +this DT 9 +fall NN 5 +from IN 5 +a DT 12 +year NN 13 +earlier JJR 10 +. . 4 + +Railroad NN 2 +companies NNS 5 +and CC 5 +some DT 5 +ports NNS 6 +are VBP 0 +reaping VBG 6 +a DT 10 +sudden JJ 10 +windfall NN 7 +of IN 10 +business NN 11 +. . 6 + +And CC 5 +some DT 4 +grain NN 4 +analysts NNS 5 +are VBP 0 +predicting VBG 5 +that IN 6 +corn NN 9 +prices NNS 10 +might MD 7 +gyrate VB 10 +this DT 13 +month NN 11 +as IN 11 +exporters NNS 16 +scrounge VBP 14 +to TO 18 +find VB 16 +enough RB 18 +of IN 19 +the DT 22 +crop NN 20 +to TO 24 +meet VB 19 +their PRP$ 26 +obligations NNS 24 +to TO 26 +the DT 29 +Soviets NNPS 27 +. . 5 + +The DT 3 +Soviet NNP 3 +Union NNP 4 +bought VBD 0 +roughly RB 8 +310 CD 5 +million CD 5 +bushels NNS 4 +of IN 8 +U.S. NNP 11 +corn NN 9 +in IN 4 +October NNP 12 +, , 4 +which WDT 4 +is VBZ 15 +the DT 18 +most RBS 16 +ever RB 20 +sold VBN 18 +to TO 20 +the DT 24 +Soviet NNP 24 +Union NNP 21 +in IN 20 +one CD 27 +month NN 25 +from IN 20 +the DT 30 +U.S. NNP 28 +. . 4 + +The DT 3 +Soviet NNP 3 +Union NNP 4 +wants VBZ 0 +much JJ 8 +of IN 5 +it PRP 6 +delivered VBN 4 +by IN 8 +January NNP 9 +, , 8 +which WDT 8 +would MD 12 +be VB 13 +a DT 16 +strain NN 14 +in IN 14 +most JJS 19 +years NNS 17 +. . 4 + +But CC 3 +it PRP 3 +is VBZ 0 +particularly RB 5 +difficult JJ 3 +this DT 7 +autumn NN 3 +because IN 3 +of IN 8 +low JJ 12 +water NN 12 +levels NNS 8 +on IN 12 +the DT 16 +Mississippi NNP 16 +River NNP 13 +, , 16 +on IN 16 +which WDT 18 +flows VBZ 18 +much JJ 20 +of IN 21 +the DT 25 +U.S. NNP 25 +corn NN 22 +that WDT 25 +is VBZ 26 +shipped VBN 27 +overseas RB 28 +. . 3 + +`` `` 21 +We PRP 3 +are VBP 21 +shipping VBG 3 +the DT 7 +most JJS 7 +corn NN 4 +in IN 7 +that DT 10 +short JJ 8 +of IN 10 +time NN 13 +period NN 11 +to TO 7 +one CD 16 +customer NN 14 +on IN 7 +record NN 17 +, , 21 +'' '' 21 +said VBD 0 +William NNP 23 +Dunton NNP 30 +, , 30 +a DT 30 +U.S. NNP 30 +Agriculture NNP 30 +Department NNP 30 +transportation NN 30 +expert NN 21 +. . 21 + +`` `` 3 +It PRP 3 +is VBZ 0 +going VBG 3 +to TO 6 +be VB 4 +real RB 8 +tight JJ 6 +. . 3 +'' '' 3 + +Because IN 22 +of IN 1 +persistent JJ 5 +dry JJ 5 +weather NN 1 +in IN 5 +the DT 9 +northern JJ 9 +Plains NNS 6 +, , 22 +the DT 13 +water NN 13 +level NN 22 +on IN 13 +the DT 17 +upper JJ 17 +section NN 14 +of IN 17 +the DT 21 +Mississippi NNP 21 +River NNP 18 +is VBZ 0 +so RB 24 +low JJ 22 +that IN 24 +many JJ 28 +river NN 28 +operators NNS 29 +are VBP 25 +already RB 29 +trimming VBG 29 +the DT 33 +number NN 31 +of IN 33 +barges NNS 34 +their PRP$ 37 +tows NNS 38 +push VBP 33 +at IN 38 +one CD 41 +time NN 39 +. . 22 + +In IN 9 +a DT 4 +few JJ 4 +weeks NNS 1 +, , 9 +many JJ 7 +barges NNS 9 +probably RB 9 +wo MD 0 +n't RB 9 +be VB 9 +able JJ 11 +to TO 14 +operate VB 12 +fully RB 16 +loaded VBN 14 +south RB 14 +of IN 17 +St. NNP 20 +Louis NNP 18 +because IN 11 +the DT 25 +U.S. NNP 25 +Army NNP 25 +Corps NNP 28 +of IN 25 +Engineers NNPS 26 +is VBZ 21 +beginning VBG 28 +to TO 31 +reduce VB 29 +the DT 33 +flow NN 31 +of IN 33 +the DT 37 +Missouri NNP 37 +River NNP 34 +, , 37 +which WDT 37 +feeds VBZ 39 +into IN 40 +the DT 44 +Mississippi NNP 44 +River NNP 41 +. . 9 + +The DT 3 +Army NNP 3 +Corps NNP 4 +is VBZ 0 +cutting VBG 4 +the DT 7 +flow NN 5 +of IN 7 +the DT 11 +Missouri NNP 11 +River NNP 8 +about IN 14 +two CD 14 +weeks NNS 15 +earlier JJR 5 +than IN 15 +normal JJ 16 +because IN 5 +of IN 18 +low JJ 22 +water NN 22 +levels NNS 18 +in IN 22 +the DT 25 +reservoirs NNS 23 +that WDT 25 +feed VBP 26 +it PRP 27 +. . 4 + +Barge NN 2 +rates NNS 7 +on IN 2 +the DT 6 +Mississippi NNP 6 +River NNP 3 +sank VBD 0 +yesterday NN 7 +on IN 7 +speculation NN 9 +that IN 10 +widespread JJ 13 +rain NN 19 +this DT 15 +week NN 19 +in IN 19 +the DT 18 +Midwest NN 16 +might MD 11 +temporarily RB 19 +alleviate VB 19 +the DT 23 +situation NN 21 +. . 7 + +But CC 7 +the DT 4 +Army NNP 4 +Corps NNP 7 +of IN 4 +Engineers NNPS 5 +expects VBZ 0 +the DT 10 +river NN 10 +level NN 12 +to TO 12 +continue VB 7 +falling VBG 12 +this DT 15 +month NN 12 +. . 7 + +At IN 12 +St. NNP 3 +Louis NNP 1 +, , 12 +the DT 7 +water NN 7 +level NN 12 +of IN 7 +the DT 11 +Mississippi NNP 11 +River NNP 8 +is VBZ 20 +already RB 12 +6.5 CD 15 +feet NNS 16 +below IN 12 +normal JJ 16 +and CC 20 +it PRP 20 +could MD 40 +drop VB 20 +an DT 25 +additional JJ 25 +2.5 CD 25 +feet NNS 21 +when WRB 21 +the DT 28 +flow NN 33 +of IN 28 +the DT 32 +Missouri NNP 32 +River NNP 29 +is VBZ 26 +slowed VBN 33 +, , 40 +an DT 39 +Army NNP 39 +Corps NNP 39 +spokesman NN 40 +said VBD 0 +. . 40 + +Similar JJ 2 +levels NNS 3 +hamstrung VBP 0 +barge NN 5 +shipments NNS 3 +last JJ 7 +year NN 3 +in IN 3 +the DT 10 +wake NN 8 +of IN 10 +the DT 14 +worst JJS 14 +drought NN 11 +in IN 14 +50 CD 17 +years NNS 15 +. . 3 + +So IN 2 +far RB 11 +, , 11 +the DT 7 +grain NN 7 +industry NN 7 +'s POS 10 +budding VBG 10 +logistical JJ 10 +problems NNS 11 +have VBP 0 +n't RB 11 +been VBN 11 +a DT 16 +major JJ 16 +factor NN 13 +in IN 16 +the DT 19 +trading NN 17 +of IN 19 +corn NN 22 +contracts NNS 20 +at IN 19 +the DT 26 +Chicago NNP 26 +Board NNP 23 +of IN 26 +Trade NNP 27 +. . 11 + +Many JJ 5 +grain NN 5 +processors NNS 5 +and CC 5 +exporters NNS 6 +use VBP 0 +the DT 8 +price NN 6 +of IN 8 +the DT 13 +corn NN 13 +futures NNS 13 +contracts NNS 9 +traded VBN 13 +there RB 14 +to TO 17 +calculate VB 6 +the DT 19 +price NN 17 +they PRP 21 +offer VBP 19 +to TO 23 +buy VB 21 +corn NN 23 +from IN 23 +farmers NNS 25 +. . 6 + +At IN 16 +the DT 3 +Board NNP 1 +of IN 3 +Trade NNP 4 +yesterday NN 16 +the DT 8 +price NN 16 +of IN 8 +the DT 12 +corn NN 12 +contract NN 9 +for IN 8 +December NNP 15 +delivery NN 13 +slipped VBD 0 +3.5 CD 18 +cents NNS 20 +a DT 20 +bushel NN 16 +to TO 22 +settle VB 16 +at IN 22 +$ $ 25 +2.375 CD 27 +a DT 27 +bushel NN 23 +. . 16 + +Corn NN 2 +prices NNS 3 +have VBP 0 +been VBN 3 +sluggish JJ 4 +this DT 7 +fall NN 4 +despite IN 4 +the DT 12 +huge JJ 12 +Soviet JJ 12 +orders NNS 8 +because IN 4 +the DT 15 +harvest NN 16 +has VBZ 13 +allowed VBN 16 +farmers NNS 20 +to TO 20 +rebuild VB 17 +the DT 22 +stockpiles NNS 20 +depleted VBN 22 +by IN 23 +the DT 27 +1988 CD 27 +drought NN 24 +. . 3 + +With IN 11 +the DT 3 +harvest NN 4 +winding VBG 1 +down IN 4 +, , 11 +however RB 11 +, , 11 +some DT 10 +analysts NNS 11 +are VBP 0 +speculating VBG 11 +that IN 12 +prices NNS 15 +might MD 13 +jump VB 15 +in IN 16 +some DT 19 +regions NNS 17 +as IN 16 +U.S. NNP 22 +exporters NNS 23 +try VBP 20 +to TO 25 +gather VB 23 +the DT 27 +corn NN 25 +they PRP 29 +are VBP 27 +obligated VBN 29 +to TO 32 +deliver VB 30 +. . 11 + +Farmers NNS 2 +are VBP 0 +in IN 2 +the DT 6 +best JJS 6 +position NN 3 +of IN 6 +many JJ 9 +years NNS 7 +to TO 11 +push VB 6 +up IN 11 +corn NN 14 +prices NNS 11 +. . 2 + +Because IN 9 +the DT 3 +drought NN 4 +reduced VBD 1 +U.S. NNP 6 +stockpiles NNS 4 +, , 9 +they PRP 9 +have VBP 22 +more JJR 9 +than IN 10 +enough JJ 14 +storage NN 14 +space NN 11 +for IN 14 +their PRP$ 18 +new JJ 18 +crop NN 15 +, , 22 +and CC 22 +that DT 22 +permits VBZ 0 +them PRP 25 +to TO 25 +wait VB 22 +for IN 25 +prices NNS 29 +to TO 29 +rise VB 26 +. . 22 + +In IN 12 +parts NNS 1 +of IN 2 +Iowa NNP 3 +, , 12 +for IN 12 +example NN 6 +, , 12 +some DT 11 +grain NN 11 +elevators NNS 12 +are VBP 0 +offering VBG 12 +farmers NNS 13 +$ $ 16 +2.15 CD 18 +a DT 18 +bushel NN 13 +for IN 13 +corn NN 19 +. . 12 + +Many JJ 2 +farmers NNS 4 +probably RB 4 +would MD 17 +n't RB 4 +sell VB 4 +until IN 6 +prices NNS 9 +rose VBD 7 +at IN 13 +least JJS 10 +20 CD 10 +cents NNS 15 +a DT 15 +bushel NN 9 +, , 17 +said VBD 0 +Lyle NNP 19 +Reed NNP 21 +, , 21 +president NN 17 +of IN 21 +Chicago NNP 28 +Central NNP 28 +& CC 28 +Pacific NNP 28 +Railroad NNP 28 +Co. NNP 22 +of IN 28 +Waterloo NNP 32 +, , 32 +Iowa NNP 29 +. . 17 + +It PRP 2 +is VBZ 0 +n't RB 2 +clear JJ 2 +, , 2 +however RB 2 +, , 2 +who WP 2 +would MD 8 +win VB 9 +a DT 13 +waiting VBG 13 +game NN 10 +. . 2 + +Although IN 19 +U.S. NNP 4 +corn NN 4 +stockpiles NNS 5 +shrank VBD 1 +by IN 5 +roughly RB 6 +half DT 7 +in IN 5 +the DT 11 +wake NN 9 +of IN 11 +the DT 14 +drought NN 12 +, , 19 +the DT 18 +Agriculture NNP 18 +Department NNP 19 +projects VBZ 0 +that IN 19 +nearly RB 22 +one-fifth NN 26 +of IN 22 +the DT 25 +harvest NN 23 +will MD 20 +still RB 26 +be VB 26 +in IN 28 +storage NN 29 +before IN 28 +the DT 35 +1990 CD 35 +corn NN 35 +harvest NN 36 +begins VBZ 31 +. . 19 + +Some DT 2 +analysts NNS 3 +are VBP 0 +worried VBN 3 +that IN 4 +reports NNS 13 +of IN 6 +the DT 11 +grain NN 11 +industry NN 11 +'s POS 12 +problems NNS 7 +might MD 5 +spark VB 13 +investors NNS 17 +to TO 17 +begin VB 14 +buying VBG 17 +corn NN 21 +futures NNS 21 +contracts NNS 18 +-- : 18 +only RB 25 +to TO 25 +see VB 18 +little JJ 27 +appreciation NN 25 +. . 3 + +`` `` 21 +The DT 3 +public NN 4 +is VBZ 21 +buying VBG 4 +the DT 7 +market NN 5 +when WRB 5 +in IN 12 +reality NN 9 +there EX 12 +is VBZ 8 +plenty NN 12 +of IN 13 +grain NN 14 +to TO 17 +be VB 13 +shipped VBN 17 +, , 21 +'' '' 21 +said VBD 0 +Bill NNP 23 +Biedermann NNP 28 +, , 28 +Allendale NNP 28 +Inc. NNP 28 +research NN 28 +director NN 21 +. . 21 + +Although IN 17 +much JJ 9 +of IN 2 +this DT 6 +country NN 6 +'s POS 8 +export NN 8 +corn NN 3 +goes VBZ 1 +to TO 9 +New NNP 12 +Orleans NNP 10 +by IN 9 +barge NN 13 +, , 17 +it PRP 17 +is VBZ 0 +possible JJ 17 +for IN 17 +exporters NNS 22 +to TO 22 +sidestep VB 19 +the DT 25 +Mississippi NNP 25 +River NNP 22 +by IN 22 +shipping VBG 26 +a DT 30 +larger-than-normal JJ 30 +amount NN 27 +of IN 30 +corn NN 31 +by IN 27 +train NN 33 +to TO 27 +the DT 37 +port NN 35 +. . 17 + +Ports NNS 9 +in IN 1 +the DT 8 +Great NNP 8 +Lakes NNPS 8 +and CC 8 +Atlantic NNP 8 +Coast NNP 2 +can MD 0 +also RB 9 +relieve VB 9 +pressure NN 11 +on IN 12 +New NNP 15 +Orleans NNP 13 +. . 9 + +One CD 2 +railroad NN 7 +, , 7 +for IN 7 +example NN 4 +, , 7 +is VBZ 0 +already RB 7 +increasing VBG 7 +its PRP$ 13 +grain NN 13 +hauling VBG 13 +service NN 9 +from IN 13 +Indiana NNP 14 +to TO 13 +Baltimore NNP 16 +. . 7 + +And CC 3 +it PRP 3 +is VBZ 0 +n't RB 3 +clear JJ 3 +that IN 3 +the DT 9 +Soviet NNP 9 +Union NNP 10 +will MD 6 +stay VB 10 +on IN 11 +its PRP$ 16 +record NN 16 +buying VBG 16 +pace NN 12 +. . 3 + +The DT 3 +Soviet JJ 3 +orders NNS 4 +were VBD 0 +compressed VBN 4 +into IN 5 +the DT 8 +month NN 6 +of IN 8 +October NNP 9 +because IN 5 +of IN 11 +delays NNS 11 +. . 4 + +The DT 3 +Soviet NNP 3 +Union NNP 5 +usually RB 5 +begins VBZ 0 +buying VBG 5 +U.S. NNP 8 +crops NNS 6 +earlier JJR 6 +in IN 9 +the DT 12 +fall NN 10 +. . 5 + +But CC 5 +its PRP$ 3 +purchases NNS 5 +apparently RB 5 +were VBD 0 +delayed VBN 5 +by IN 6 +a DT 9 +reorganization NN 18 +of IN 9 +its PRP$ 13 +agricultural JJ 13 +bureaucracy NN 10 +as RB 18 +well RB 14 +as IN 14 +budget NN 18 +problems NNS 7 +. . 5 + +In IN 0 +other JJ 4 +commodity NN 4 +markets NNS 1 +yesterday NN 1 +: : 1 + +ENERGY NN 0 +: : 1 +Crude JJ 6 +oil NN 6 +futures NNS 6 +prices NNS 7 +increased VBD 17 +in IN 7 +moderate JJ 10 +trading NN 8 +, , 17 +but CC 17 +much JJ 17 +of IN 13 +the DT 16 +action NN 14 +was VBD 1 +in IN 17 +heating NN 20 +oil NN 18 +. . 1 + +Prices NNS 2 +rose VBD 0 +on IN 2 +the DT 5 +news NN 3 +that IN 5 +a DT 11 +sizable JJ 11 +West JJ 10 +German JJ 11 +refinery NN 12 +was VBD 6 +damaged VBN 12 +in IN 13 +a DT 16 +fire NN 14 +, , 13 +tightening VBG 13 +an DT 23 +already RB 21 +tight JJ 23 +European JJ 23 +market NN 18 +. . 2 + +Heating NN 2 +oil NN 6 +for IN 2 +November NNP 5 +delivery NN 3 +ended VBD 0 +at IN 6 +58.64 CD 9 +cents NNS 11 +a DT 11 +gallon NN 7 +, , 6 +up RB 6 +one CD 15 +cent NN 13 +on IN 13 +the DT 21 +New NNP 21 +York NNP 21 +Mercantile NNP 21 +Exchange NNP 16 +. . 6 + +West NNP 3 +Texas NNP 3 +Intermediate NNP 7 +for IN 3 +December NNP 6 +delivery NN 4 +advanced VBD 0 +22 CD 9 +cents NNS 7 +to TO 7 +$ $ 12 +19.94 CD 14 +a DT 14 +barrel NN 10 +. . 7 + +Gasoline NN 2 +futures NNS 3 +continued VBD 0 +a DT 5 +sell-off NN 3 +that WDT 5 +began VBD 6 +Monday NNP 7 +. . 3 + +PRECIOUS NNP 2 +METALS NNPS 0 +: : 2 +Futures NNP 5 +prices NNS 6 +eased VBD 2 +as RB 12 +increased VBN 11 +stability NN 11 +and CC 11 +strength NN 12 +came VBD 6 +into IN 12 +the DT 16 +securities NNS 16 +markets NNS 13 +. . 2 + +December NNP 3 +delivery NN 3 +gold NN 4 +fell VBD 0 +$ $ 6 +3.20 CD 8 +an DT 8 +ounce NN 4 +to TO 4 +$ $ 11 +377.60 CD 9 +. . 4 + +December NNP 2 +silver NN 3 +declined VBD 0 +6.50 CD 5 +cents NNS 7 +an DT 7 +ounce NN 3 +to TO 3 +$ $ 10 +5.2180 CD 8 +. . 3 + +January NNP 2 +platinum NN 3 +was VBD 0 +down IN 3 +$ $ 6 +5.70 CD 8 +an DT 8 +ounce NN 4 +at IN 3 +$ $ 11 +494.50 CD 9 +. . 3 + +Precious JJ 2 +metals NNS 4 +, , 4 +gold NN 9 +in IN 4 +particular JJ 5 +, , 4 +currently RB 9 +are VBP 0 +being VBG 9 +influenced VBN 10 +more JJR 13 +by IN 11 +stock NN 16 +market NN 16 +gyrations NNS 13 +than IN 16 +the DT 19 +dollar NN 17 +as IN 11 +traders NNS 22 +seek VBP 20 +greater JJR 25 +investment NN 25 +stability NN 22 +, , 11 +according VBG 11 +to TO 27 +William NNP 30 +O'Neill NNP 33 +, , 33 +vice NN 33 +president NN 28 +of IN 33 +research NN 34 +at IN 33 +Elders NNPS 38 +Futures NNP 36 +in IN 38 +New NNP 41 +York NNP 39 +. . 9 + +`` `` 20 +The DT 4 +recent JJ 4 +rally NN 8 +in IN 4 +precious JJ 7 +metals NNS 5 +was VBD 20 +a DT 10 +result NN 8 +of IN 10 +uncertainty NN 14 +and CC 14 +volatility NN 11 +in IN 14 +equities NNS 15 +, , 20 +'' '' 20 +he PRP 20 +said VBD 0 +. . 20 + +Yesterday NN 6 +, , 6 +the DT 5 +stock NN 5 +market NN 6 +rose VBD 20 +strongly RB 6 +, , 6 +creating VBG 6 +a DT 13 +more JJR 12 +defensive JJ 13 +attitude NN 9 +among IN 9 +precious JJ 17 +metals NNS 17 +traders NNS 14 +, , 20 +he PRP 20 +said VBD 0 +. . 20 + +Silver NN 3 +and CC 3 +platinum NN 15 +, , 3 +which WDT 3 +have VBP 5 +more JJR 6 +of IN 7 +an DT 11 +industrial JJ 11 +nature NN 8 +than IN 7 +gold NN 12 +, , 3 +were VBD 20 +even RB 17 +weaker JJR 15 +, , 20 +he PRP 20 +said VBD 0 +. . 20 + +Silver NN 2 +is VBZ 20 +also RB 2 +under IN 2 +pressure NN 4 +of IN 5 +`` `` 11 +extremely RB 11 +high JJ 11 +'' '' 11 +inventories NNS 6 +in IN 11 +warehouses NNS 12 +of IN 13 +the DT 17 +Commodity NNP 17 +Exchange NNP 14 +, , 20 +he PRP 20 +said VBD 0 +. . 20 + +Yesterday NN 5 +, , 5 +these DT 4 +stocks NNS 5 +rose VBD 0 +by IN 5 +170,262 CD 8 +ounces NNS 6 +to TO 5 +a DT 11 +record NN 9 +of IN 11 +226,570,380 CD 14 +ounces NNS 12 +, , 5 +according VBG 5 +to TO 16 +an DT 20 +exchange NN 20 +spokesman NN 17 +. . 5 + +COPPER NNP 0 +: : 1 +Futures NNS 4 +prices NNS 6 +partially RB 6 +recovered VBD 1 +Monday NNP 8 +'s POS 9 +declines NNS 6 +because IN 6 +Chilean JJ 12 +miners NNS 13 +voted VBD 10 +to TO 15 +strike VB 13 +. . 1 + +The DT 3 +December NNP 3 +contract NN 4 +rose VBD 0 +1.20 CD 6 +cents NNS 8 +a DT 8 +pound NN 4 +to TO 4 +$ $ 11 +1.14 CD 9 +. . 4 + +In IN 25 +Chile NNP 1 +, , 25 +workers NNS 25 +at IN 4 +two CD 8 +copper NN 8 +mines NNS 14 +, , 14 +Los NNP 11 +Bronces NNP 14 +and CC 14 +El NNP 14 +Soldado NNP 5 +, , 14 +which WDT 14 +belong VBP 16 +to TO 17 +the DT 22 +Exxon-owned JJ 22 +Minera NNP 22 +Disputada NNP 18 +, , 14 +yesterday NN 25 +voted VBD 35 +to TO 27 +begin VB 25 +a DT 30 +full JJ 30 +strike NN 27 +tomorrow NN 27 +, , 35 +an DT 34 +analyst NN 35 +said VBD 0 +. . 35 + +Reasons NNS 10 +for IN 1 +the DT 4 +walkout NN 2 +, , 8 +the DT 7 +analyst NN 8 +said VBD 10 +, , 8 +included VBD 0 +a DT 12 +number NN 10 +of IN 12 +procedural JJ 15 +issues NNS 13 +, , 15 +such JJ 18 +as IN 15 +a DT 20 +right NN 18 +to TO 22 +strike VB 20 +. . 10 + +The DT 2 +analyst NN 3 +noted VBD 0 +that IN 3 +also RB 6 +inherent JJ 11 +in IN 6 +all DT 10 +metal NN 10 +markets NNS 7 +was VBD 4 +a DT 14 +sympathetic JJ 14 +reaction NN 11 +to TO 14 +stocks NNS 15 +. . 3 + +In IN 15 +the DT 3 +case NN 1 +of IN 3 +copper NN 4 +, , 8 +he PRP 8 +said VBD 15 +, , 8 +the DT 12 +upbeat JJ 12 +mood NN 15 +of IN 12 +stocks NNS 13 +was VBD 0 +reflected VBN 15 +in IN 16 +demand NN 17 +for IN 18 +futures NNS 21 +contracts NNS 19 +because IN 16 +a DT 25 +stronger JJR 25 +economy NN 26 +means VBZ 22 +greater JJR 29 +buying NN 29 +interest NN 26 +for IN 29 +the DT 32 +metal NN 30 +. . 15 + +Also RB 2 +contributing VBG 13 +to TO 2 +the DT 5 +firmness NN 3 +in IN 5 +copper NN 6 +, , 11 +the DT 10 +analyst NN 11 +noted VBD 13 +, , 11 +was VBD 0 +a DT 15 +report NN 13 +by IN 15 +Chicago NNP 19 +purchasing VBG 19 +agents NNS 16 +, , 15 +which WDT 15 +precedes VBZ 21 +the DT 27 +full JJ 27 +purchasing VBG 27 +agents NNS 27 +' POS 28 +report NN 22 +that WDT 28 +is VBZ 29 +due JJ 30 +out IN 31 +today NN 30 +and CC 30 +gives VBZ 30 +an DT 37 +indication NN 35 +of IN 37 +what WP 38 +the DT 42 +full JJ 42 +report NN 43 +might MD 39 +hold VB 43 +. . 13 + +The DT 4 +Purchasing NNP 4 +Management NNP 4 +Association NNP 10 +of IN 4 +Chicago NNP 7 +'s POS 9 +October NNP 9 +index NN 5 +rose VBD 0 +to TO 10 +51.6 CD 13 +% NN 11 +after IN 10 +three CD 17 +previous JJ 17 +months NNS 14 +of IN 17 +readings NNS 18 +below IN 19 +50 CD 22 +% NN 20 +. . 10 + +The DT 3 +September NNP 3 +index NN 4 +was VBD 0 +47.1 CD 6 +% NN 4 +. . 4 + +A DT 2 +reading NN 7 +below IN 2 +50 CD 5 +% NN 3 +generally RB 7 +indicates VBZ 0 +a DT 9 +slowing NN 7 +in IN 9 +the DT 13 +industrial JJ 13 +sector NN 10 +of IN 13 +the DT 16 +economy NN 14 +, , 7 +while IN 7 +a DT 20 +reading NN 24 +above IN 20 +50 CD 23 +% NN 21 +points VBZ 18 +to TO 24 +expansion NN 25 +. . 7 + +The DT 3 +Chicago NNP 3 +report NN 4 +raised VBD 0 +the DT 6 +possibility NN 4 +that IN 6 +the DT 10 +October NNP 10 +survey NN 18 +of IN 10 +the DT 14 +National NNP 14 +Association NNP 11 +of IN 14 +Purchasing NNP 17 +Management NNP 15 +would MD 7 +also RB 18 +show VB 18 +a DT 22 +reading NN 20 +above IN 22 +50 CD 25 +% NN 23 +. . 4 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0195.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0195.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4ade49200079165edf3e8034b2f3c152242e681b --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0195.dp @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +John NNP 3 +F. NNP 3 +Barrett NNP 14 +, , 14 +40 CD 14 +, , 14 +formerly RB 14 +executive JJ 10 +vice NN 10 +president NN 14 +and CC 14 +chief NN 14 +financial JJ 14 +officer NN 16 +, , 14 +was VBD 0 +named VBN 16 +president NN 22 +and CC 22 +chief NN 22 +operating VBG 22 +officer NN 24 +, , 24 +posts NNS 17 +which WDT 24 +had VBD 25 +been VBN 26 +vacant JJ 27 +. . 16 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0196.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0196.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..678f40cb57ae4af18516106481e0790c2d2d7b8d --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0196.dp @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +Leon NNP 3 +J. NNP 3 +Level NNP 10 +, , 10 +vice NN 6 +president NN 10 +and CC 10 +chief NN 10 +financial JJ 10 +officer NN 23 +of IN 10 +this DT 15 +computer NN 15 +services NNS 15 +concern NN 11 +, , 10 +and CC 23 +F. NNP 20 +Warren NNP 20 +McFarlan NNP 23 +, , 23 +a DT 23 +professor NN 33 +at IN 23 +Harvard NNP 27 +University NNP 27 +'s POS 29 +Graduate NNP 29 +School NNP 24 +of IN 29 +Business NNP 30 +, , 23 +were VBD 0 +elected VBN 33 +directors NNS 34 +, , 34 +increasing VBG 34 +board NN 39 +membership NN 37 +to TO 37 +nine CD 40 +. . 33 diff --git a/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0199.dp b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0199.dp new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..de97368e1e10ae6f1f57f8e29018d38abc32efde --- /dev/null +++ b/corpora/dependency_treebank/wsj_0199.dp @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +Trinity NNP 3 +Industries NNPS 3 +Inc. NNP 4 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 6 +reached VBD 4 +a DT 9 +preliminary JJ 9 +agreement NN 6 +to TO 11 +sell VB 9 +500 CD 14 +railcar NN 14 +platforms NNS 11 +to TO 11 +Trailer NNP 18 +Train NNP 18 +Co. NNP 15 +of IN 18 +Chicago NNP 19 +. . 4 + +Terms NNS 2 +were VBD 0 +n't RB 2 +disclosed VBN 2 +. . 2 + +Trinity NNP 2 +said VBD 0 +it PRP 4 +plans VBZ 2 +to TO 6 +begin VB 4 +delivery NN 6 +in IN 6 +the DT 11 +first JJ 11 +quarter NN 8 +of IN 11 +next JJ 14 +year NN 12 +. . 2