[{"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Otis Verries Hicks, known as Lightnin' Slim (March 13, 1913 \u2013 July 27, 1974), was an American blues musician who played Louisiana blues and swamp blues for Excello Records. The blues critic ED Denson ranked him as one of the five great bluesmen of the 1950s, along with Muddy Waters, Little Walter, Howlin' Wolf and Sonny Boy Williamson. Biography According to most sources, Otis Hicks was born on a farm outside St. Louis, Missouri, but the researchers Bob Eagle and Eric LeBlanc stated, on the basis of his draft card, that he was born in Good Pine, Louisiana. Prison records from Louisiana State Penitentiary discovered by researcher Gene Tomko also corroborate his birthplace as Good Pine, Louisiana. He moved to Baton Rouge at the age of thirteen. Taught guitar by his older brother Layfield, Slim was playing in bars in Baton Rouge by the late 1940s. His first recording was\n\nBurton Stephen Lancaster (November 2, 1913 \u2013 October 20, 1994) was an American actor and producer. Initially known for playing tough guys with a tender heart, he went on to achieve success with more complex and challenging roles over a 45-year career in films and television series. He was a four-time nominee for the Academy Award for Best Actor (winning once), and he also won two BAFTA Awards and one Golden Globe Award for Best Lead Actor. The American Film Institute ranks Lancaster as of the greatest male stars of classic Hollywood cinema. Lancaster performed as a circus acrobat in the 1930s. After serving in World War II, the 32-year-old Lancaster landed a role in a Broadway play and drew the attention of a Hollywood agent. His breakthrough role was in the film noir The Killers in 1946 alongside Ava Gardner. A critical success, it launched both of their careers.\n\nBongkrek acid (also known as bongkrekic acid) is a respiratory toxin produced in fermented coconut or corn contaminated by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli pathovar cocovenenans. It is a highly toxic, heat-stable, colorless, odorless, and highly unsaturated tricarboxylic acid that inhibits the ADP/ATP translocase, also called the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier, preventing ATP from leaving the mitochondria to provide metabolic energy to the rest of the cell. Bongkrek acid, when consumed through contaminated foods, mainly targets the liver, brain, and kidneys along with symptoms that include vomiting, diarrhea, urinary retention, abdominal pain, and excessive sweating. Most of the outbreaks are found in Indonesia and China where fermented coconut and corn-based foods are consumed. In October 2020, nine members of a family in China died after eating corn noodles contaminated with Bongkrek acid. Discovery and history In 1895, there was a food-poisoning outbreak in Java, Indonesia. The outbreak was caused by the consumption\n\nQuestion: What's Burt Lancaster?", "output": "Burton Stephen Lancaster was an American actor and producer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Greenpeace Aotearoa (GPAo) is one of New Zealand's largest environmental organisations, and is a national office of the global environmental organisation Greenpeace. History Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand was founded in 1974, two years after the original Greenpeace, to protect the natural environment. Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand emerged from an amalgam of 1960s and 1970s NZ peace groups and activists, who had for a decade been actively promoting their opposition to the Vietnam War and nuclear testing. In particular, Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (NZ) who were nationally campaigning against French nuclear testing in French Polynesia since 1961, culminating in an 80,238 signature petition presented to the New Zealand Government in 1962 demanding they take punitive action against the French to enforce a nuclear test ban in the Pacific. Two key NZ CND leaders in the 1970s involved with Greenpeace pursued political careers; Richard Northey ONZM as a NZ MP and Mike\n\nThe New Zealand demoiselle, Chromis dispilus, is a damselfish of the genus Chromis, found between North Cape and East Cape of the North Island of New Zealand to depths of about 60 metres, off rocky coasts. Its length is between 15 and 20 cm. Males are highly territorial as they defend their nesting area from other males and other species. These aggressive fish defend their eggs laid by their female counterpart. Spawning occurs between the months of December and March. The New Zealand demoiselle's territory and nesting grounds of this fish are usually the largest in a medium population density. Like most territorial fish they tend to spawn more in higher densities of the same species compared to lower densities. Aggression levels tend to be higher amount higher densities of the same species and lower levels in smaller densities. Aggression also tends to be higher during spawning then during egg\n\nHarvey Lowell Wollman (May 14, 1935 \u2013 October 18, 2022) was an American politician who served as the 26th Governor of South Dakota from 1978 to 1979. He was the first Lieutenant Governor in the history of South Dakota to succeed to the governorship. To date, he is also the most recent Democrat to have held the office of South Dakota's governor. Early life Wollman was born on May 14, 1935, in Frankfort, South Dakota. His parents were Edwin J. Wollman (1907\u20131981) and Katherine (n\u00e9e Kleinsasser) Wollman (1905\u20132002). He graduated from Doland High School in 1953. From 1954 to 1955, he attended Bethel College at St. Paul, Minnesota. From 1956 to 1957, he attended Huron College before serving in the U.S. Army from 1958 to 1960. In 1961, he completed a Bachelor of Arts from Huron College. From 1961 to 1965, he served as a teacher at Doland High School.\n\nQuestion: What is New Zealand demoiselle?", "output": "The New Zealand demoiselle, Chromis dispilus, is a damselfish of the genus Chromis, found between North Cape and East Cape of the North Island of New Zealand to depths of about 60 metres, off rocky coasts."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "King Hedley II is a play by American playwright August Wilson, the ninth in his ten-part series, The Pittsburgh Cycle. The play ran on Broadway in 2001 and was revived Off-Broadway in 2007. Productions King Hedley II premiered at the Pittsburgh Public Theater in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on December 11, 1999, and played a number of other regional theaters, including Seattle, Boston, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Washington before its Broadway engagement. The play opened on Broadway at the Virginia Theatre on May 1, 2001 and closed on July 1, 2001, after 72 performances and 24 previews. Directed by Marion McClinton, the cast featured Brian Stokes Mitchell (King), Leslie Uggams (Ruby), Charles Brown (Elmore), Viola Davis (Tonya), Stephen McKinley Henderson (Stool Pigeon), and Mont\u00e9 Russell (Mister). The play ran off-Broadway at the Peter Norton Space, New York City, in a Signature Theatre Company production, from March 11, 2007, through April 22, 2007,\n\nPicea koraiensis, the Korean spruce, is a species of spruce. It is a medium-sized evergreen tree growing to 30 m tall, and with a trunk diameter of up to 0.8 m. The shoots are orange-brown, glabrous or with scattered pubescence. The leaves are needle-like, 12\u201322 mm long, rhombic in cross-section, dark bluish-green with conspicuous stomatal lines. The cones are cylindric-conic, 4\u20138 cm long and 2 cm broad, maturing pale brown 5\u20137 months after pollination, and have stiff, smoothly rounded scales. Its population is stable though low, and there are no known protocols that protect it. It is found mostly in the northern Korean Peninsula near the Yalu River, and in Siberia near the Ussuri River. In China it is restricted north-eastern provinces Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning. It is also believed that it might possibly occur in areas in southern Ussuriland. It is closely related to Koyama's spruce (Picea koyamae), and\n\nThe Cold Vein is the debut studio album by American hip hop duo Cannibal Ox. It was produced by El-P and released on his Definitive Jux label on May 15, 2001. The album has since been reissued by iHipHop Distribution. Release The Cold Vein was the first full-length album to be released on former Company Flow member El-P's newly founded Definitive Jux record label, and its release was preceded by a significant amount of hype, particularly within the hip hop community. In late 2000, a split double vinyl single was released by Definitive Jux, containing three new songs by Company Flow and two tracks taken from The Cold Vein: \"Iron Galaxy\" and \"Straight Off the D.I.C.\". These songs also appeared on the label compilation album Def Jux Presents, released on March 20, 2001. The first single, \"Vein\", was released in April 2001 with \"A B-Boy's Alpha\" serving as its b-side.\n\nQuestion: Tell me what The Cold Vein is.", "output": "The Cold Vein is the debut studio album by American hip hop duo Cannibal Ox."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Diego Abatantuono (born 20 May 1955) is an Italian cinema and theatre actor, and screenwriter, three-time winner of the Nastro d'Argento. Biography and career Abatantuono was born in Milan to a father of Apulian origin and a mother from Como. The latter worked as wardrober in a Milanese jazz and later cabaret club, Derby, whose owner was Abatantuono's uncle. He started to work at Derby first in lighting, then as artistic director and later as an actor. His first approach to cinema took place thanks to the comedic group I Gatti di Vicolo Miracoli, who brought him with them to audition. Here he was noticed by director Romolo Guerrieri, who offered him a part in the film Young, Violent, Dangerous. He participated in comedies such as \"Saxofone\", Fantozzi contro tutti, then he returned to work at Derby where he was discovered by TV showman, film director and talent scout Renzo\n\nDon Manuel Luis Gayoso de Lemos y Amor\u00edn (May 30, 1747 \u2013 July 18, 1799) was the governor of Spanish Louisiana from 1797 until his death in 1799. Biography Early years and military career Born in Oporto, Portugal, on May 30, 1747, to Spanish consul Manuel Luis Gayoso de Lemos y Sarmiento and Theresa Ang\u00e9lica de Amor\u00edn y Magallanes, he received his education in London, where his parents were living. At age 23 Manuel Gayoso de Lemos joined the Spanish Lisbon Regiment as a cadet (1771), and he was commissioned ensign (sub-lieutenant) the following year. The Lisbon Regiment had been reassigned from Havana to New Orleans following since Spain assumed control of Louisiana under Field Marshal Alejandro O'Reilly in 1769. Throughout his life, Gayoso de Lemos retained his military rank and he was a brigadier at the time of his death. On November 3, 1787, Gayoso de Lemos assumed military\n\nThe General Medical Council (GMC) is a public body that maintains the official register of medical practitioners within the United Kingdom. Its chief responsibility is to \"protect, promote and maintain the health and safety of the public\" by controlling entry to the register, and suspending or removing members when necessary. It also sets the standards for medical schools in the UK. Membership of the register confers substantial privileges under Part VI of the Medical Act 1983. It is a criminal offence to make a false claim of membership. The GMC is supported by fees paid by its members, and it became a registered charity in 2001. History The Medical Act 1858 established the General Council of Medical Education and Registration of the United Kingdom as a statutory body. Initially its members were elected by the members of the profession, and enjoyed widespread confidence from the profession. Purpose All the GMC's\n\nQuestion: Who was Diego Abatantuono?", "output": "Diego Abatantuono is an Italian cinema and theatre actor, and screenwriter, three-time winner of the Nastro d'Argento."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Underboss () is a position within the leadership structure of certain organized crime groups, particularly in Sicilian, Greek, and Italian-American Mafia crime families. The underboss is second in command to the boss. The underboss is also person-in-charge of all capos and its soldiers. The underboss is sometimes a family member, such as a son, who will take over the family if the boss is sick, killed, or imprisoned. However the position of street boss has somewhat challenged the rank of underboss in the modern era. The position was installed within the Genovese crime family since at least the mid-1960s. It has also been used in the Detroit crime family and the Chicago Outfit. The power of an underboss greatly varies; some are marginal figures, while others are the most powerful individual in the family. Traditionally they run day-to-day affairs of the family. In some crime families, the appointment is for\n\nIlam Park is a country park situated in Ilam, on both banks of the River Manifold five miles (8 km) north west of Ashbourne, England, and in the ownership of the National Trust. The property is managed as part of the Trust's White Peak Estate. (Ashbourne, the 'post town', is in Derbyshire and thus so is Ilam's postal address, but the Park, and Ilam, are in Staffordshire the county boundary being the River Dove). The property consists of Ilam Hall and remnants of its gardens, an ancient semi-natural woodland \u2014 Hinkley Wood \u2014 designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), noted for its small-leaved and large-leaved limes and their hybrids. Ilam Hall The estate was owned from the 16th century, for over 250 years, by the Port family. It was sold to David Pike Watts in 1809. On his death in 1816, the old hall was inherited by\n\nBiodemography is a multidisciplinary approach, integrating biological knowledge (studies on human biology and animal models) with demographic research on human longevity and survival. Biodemographic studies are important for understanding the driving forces of the current longevity revolution (dramatic increase in human life expectancy), forecasting the future of human longevity, and identification of new strategies for further increase in healthy and productive life span. Theory Biodemographic studies have found a remarkable similarity in survival dynamics between humans and laboratory animals. Specifically, three general biodemographic laws of survival are found: Gompertz\u2013Makeham law of mortality Compensation law of mortality Late-life mortality deceleration (now disputed) The Gompertz\u2013Makeham law states that death rate is a sum of an age-independent component (Makeham term) and an age-dependent component (Gompertz function), which increases exponentially with age. The compensation law of mortality (late-life mortality convergence) states that the relative differences in death rates between different populations of the same\n\nQuestion: Define Ilam Park.", "output": "Ilam Park is a  country park situated in Ilam, on both banks of the River Manifold five miles north west of Ashbourne, England, and in the ownership of the National Trust."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Enrique Moya (born 1958 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan poet, fiction writer, literary translator, essayist and critic of music and literature. He has published work in diverse literary genres in newspapers and magazines of Latin America, the United States and Europe. He is the director of the Latin American - Austrian Literature Forum and of the Latin American Poetry Festival in Vienna. References Bibliography Memoria Ovalada (Eclepsidra, Caracas 2000), Bilingual English \u2013 Spanish Edition Caf\u00e9 Kafka (Labyrinth, Wien-London 2002 und 2005), Bilingual English \u2013 Spanish Edition Theories of the Skin (La Bohemia, Buenos Aires, 2006), Bilingual German \u2013 Spanish Edition Vid S\u00f8ren Kierkegaards grav \u2013 Ante la tumba de S\u00f8ren Kierkegaard, Malm\u00f6 2007. Zweisprachige Edition, Schwedisch-Spanisch. El mundo sin geometria, narrativa (Eclepsidra, Caracas 2010), Poemas de la raz\u00f3n Noctura, Antolog\u00eda (Monte \u00c1vila Editores, Caracas 2012. Writers from Caracas Venezuelan male poets Music critics Venezuelan literary critics 1958 births Living\n\nAphodiinae is a subfamily of the scarab beetle family, Scarabaeidae. Members of this subfamily are known commonly as the small dung beetles and many, but not all, are dung beetles. These beetles are found worldwide. These beetles are small scarab beetles, most less than 8 millimeters long. Many have small mandibles that are covered by a widened clypeus, the exoskeleton plate above the mouth. The feet are clawed. This is a diverse subfamily with varied life strategies and habitat types. Many species are dung beetles, which collect and feed on animal dung. Other species are detritivores or saprophages, which feed on dead matter, and some are predatory. Some are known as inquilines, living in ant or termite nests, and some are sand-dwelling beetles. A survey of South American aphodiines found them in diverse habitat types including temperate rainforests, high-elevation Andean grassland, Patagonian steppe, coastal sand dunes, and subantarctic beech forest.\n\nAlan Alexander Milne (; 18 January 1882 \u2013 31 January 1956) was an English writer best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh, as well as for children's poetry. Milne was primarily a playwright before the huge success of Winnie-the-Pooh overshadowed all his previous work. Milne served in both World Wars, as a lieutenant in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment in the First World War and as a captain in the Home Guard in the Second World War. Milne was the father of bookseller Christopher Robin Milne, upon whom the character Christopher Robin is based. It was during a visit to London Zoo, where Christopher became enamoured with the tame and amiable bear Winnipeg, that Milne was inspired to write the story of Winnie-the-Pooh for his son. Milne bequeathed the original manuscripts of the Winnie-the-Pooh stories to the Wren Library at Trinity College, Cambridge, his alma mater. Early life\n\nQuestion: Who was Enrique Moya?", "output": "Enrique Moya is a Venezuelan poet, fiction writer, literary translator, essayist and critic of music and literature."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "William Ryan Key (born December 17, 1979) is an American singer, songwriter, and musician. He is best known as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the rock band Yellowcard. He is the owner/operator of a recording studio in Jacksonville, Florida, called The Lone Tree Recordings. He is currently writing music under his full name, William Ryan Key, as a solo acoustic act and electronic act. He is also one half of JEDHA, an electronic duo consisting of himself and lead guitarist of Yellowcard, Ryan Mendez. He has recently toured as guitarist/vocalist/keyboardist for New Found Glory. In late 2018, he played as a supporting act on Mayday Parade's Sunnyland tour along with This Wild Life. During 2021, he live-streamed his songwriting process on Twitch full-time. Early life Key was born William Ryan Key on December 17, 1979, in Jacksonville, Florida. He first used a piano at the age of 7\n\nThe Casals Festival is a classical music event celebrated every year in San Juan, Puerto Rico, in honor of classical musician Pablo Casals. Background The festival was founded in 1956 by Pablo Casals. It was promoted by Teodoro Moscoso and David Ogilvy with the objectives of changing the image of Puerto Rico and promoting tourism to the island during off-peak tourism time. After implementing Operation Bootstrap, Teodoro Moscoso employed advertiser David Ogilvy to propagate the image of a people engaged in a cultural renaissance. Teodoro Moscoso's decisive actions at critical junctures (such as his success in pushing tax exemptions and tourism in the late 1940s) and his personal persuasiveness, as with Pablo Casals, who at the age of 80 was persuaded to establish the Casals Festival at San Juan. Pablo Casals Pablo Casals (1876\u20131973), was born in Spain to a Puerto Rican mother Pilar Defill\u00f3. He was a cello player\n\nUtkala Kingdom was located in the northern and eastern portion of the modern-day Indian state of Odisha. This kingdom was mentioned in the epic Mahabharata, with the names Utkala, Utpala, and Okkal. It is mentioned in India's national anthem, Jana Gana Mana. Early Sanskrit Literature The early Sanskrit medieval literature says \"\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0932\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0903 \u0926\u0947\u0936\u0903 \u092f\u0903 \u0938\u0903 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0932\u0903\" (), meaning the land having an \"excellent opulence of artists\". The Puranic division of Utkala desa was bounded on the north by the river Kapisa, on the south by the river Mahanadi, on the east by the Bay of Bengal and to the west by Mekala hills. References in Mahabharata The Dasarnas, the Mekalas (a kingdom to the west of Utkala) and the Utkalas were mentioned as kingdoms of Bharata Varsha (Ancient India) (6:9). Utkalas were mentioned as taking part in the Kurukshetra War siding with the Kauravas. Many Mekalas, Utkalas, Kalingas, Nishadas,\n\nQuestion: What's Utkala Kingdom?", "output": "Utkala Kingdom was located in the northern and eastern portion of the modern-day Indian state of Odisha."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A station chief is a government official who is the head of a team, post or function usually in a foreign country. Historically it commonly referred to the head of a defensible structure such as an ambassador's residence or colonial outpost. In Germany a (station leader) was the government's chief representative in a colonial possession like South Sea Islands. It may also be used to refer to the manager of remote scientific stations such as those in the Antarctic and Jarvis Island, an uninhabited minor U.S. Pacific island. However, in modern times, this designation is usually used for a senior official of a certain country's Intelligence agency, stationed in a foreign country who manages all espionage operations in that country. CIA The Station Chief, also called Chief of Station, is the top U.S. Central Intelligence Agency official stationed in a foreign country who manages all CIA operations in that country,\n\nThe Raving Loony Green Giant Party was a political party in the United Kingdom. History The party was led by Stuart Hughes, who had formerly been an election agent for the Official Monster Raving Loony Party (OMRLP). He fell out with the OMRLP party leadership following the 1989 European Parliament election, at which Hughes claimed to have become a Member of the European Parliament for 30 seconds after the returning officer incorrectly awarded him the Conservative Party candidate's votes. The party stood candidates in the 1990 Mid Staffordshire by-election and the 1991 Ribble Valley by-election, where they finished behind the OMRLP, and in the 1992 general election. The party adopted a mixture of joke and genuine policies: for example, that dog food should be luminous so that dog faeces would glow and people would not step in it at night, or that pensioners should receive free bus passes and street\n\nTom\u00e1s Antonio O'Hor\u00e1n y Arg\u00fcello (1775\u20131848) was a Mexican lawyer, magistrate and senator, resident most of his life in M\u00e9rida, Yucat\u00e1n in Mexico. Tomas was born somewhere in the Yucat\u00e1n region, the son of John O'Horan, a native of County Cork, Ireland, and Mar\u00eda Gertrudis de Arg\u00fcello y Monte, of Campeche. John had come to the Yucat\u00e1n region by way of the Canary Islands. Tomas was educated at the Seminario Conciliar of Campeche from about 1794 to 1799 and subsequently was a professor of law there. He served from October 1823 to April 1825 as a member of the Second Triumvirate (ruling council) of the United Provinces of Central America, serving as Chairman every third month. He served in the Mexican Senate representing Yucat\u00e1n in 1835. Subsequently, he was also a magistrate in M\u00e9rida. Tomas married Gertrudis Escudero de la Rocha with whom he had several children. One of his\n\nQuestion: What's Station chief?", "output": "A station chief is a government official who is the head of a team, post or function usually in a foreign country."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Anthony David Bernard Sylvester (21 September 1924 \u2013 19 June 2001) was a British art critic and curator. Although he received no formal education in the arts, during his long career he was influential in promoting modern artists, in particular Francis Bacon, Joan Mir\u00f3, and Lucian Freud. Life and career Born in London, his father was a Russian-Jewish antiques dealer. Sylvester had trouble as a student at University College School and was thrown out of the family home. He wrote for the paper Tribune and went to Paris in 1947 where he met Alberto Giacometti, one of the strongest influences on him. Sylvester is credited with coining the term kitchen sink originally to describe a strand of post-war British painting typified by John Bratby. Sylvester used the phrase negatively but it was widely applied to other art forms including literature and theatre. During the 1950s, Sylvester worked with Henry Moore,\n\nShuvosaurus (meaning \"Shuvo's lizard\") is a genus of beaked reptile from the Late Triassic of western Texas. Despite looking superficially similar to a theropod dinosaur, it is actually more closely related to crocodilians. Discovery and classification Shuvosaurus was described by Sankar Chatterjee in 1993 after it was discovered by his son Shuvo in the early 1990s. It was initially interpreted as a Triassic member of the Cretaceous dinosaur family Ornithomimidae because it had toothless jaws. Like the avian placement of Protoavis, the ornithomimosaur placement of Shuvosaurus was greeted with scepticism by others, and in their 1995 monograph on Late Triassic tetrapods from the American Southwest, Robert Long and Philip Murry considered Shuvosaurus to be possibly the same species as their new taxon Chatterjeea, which was based on 10 postcranial skeletons that had been previously referred to the rauisuchid Postosuchus by Chatterjee (1985), noting that the Shuvosaurus and the Chatterjeea material\n\nThey Were Wrong, So We Drowned is the second album by noise rock band Liars, released in 2004. The album is considered a massive departure from the post-punk-inspired style of their debut They Threw Us All in a Trench and Stuck a Monument on Top, exploring a more freeform, tribal sound. The album takes the form of a very loose concept album concerning witchcraft upon The Brocken (a mountain) during Walpurgis Night, and tales of witch trials in the area around the Harz Mountains in Germany. The recording coincided with the band's relocation from Williamsburg, Brooklyn to the woods of rural New Jersey, which also inspired the initial direction of the album. The focus upon the Brocken legends came when one of the band members mistakenly entered \"Brocken Witch\" into a search engine while researching the first song's title (called \"Broken Witch\" at the time). A screenshot of the music\n\nQuestion: What is They Were Wrong, So We Drowned", "output": "They Were Wrong, So We Drowned is the second album by noise rock band Liars, released in 2004."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tactical media is a term coined in 1996, to denote a form of media activism that privileges temporary interventions in the media sphere over the creation of permanent and alternative media outlets. Examples Tactical media projects are often a mix between art and activism, which explains why many of its roots can be traced to various art movements. It has been suggested by tactical media theorist Geert Lovink that \"discourse plus art equals spectacle\", reflecting its striking and memorable nature. Although there are no strict mediums through which it operates, tactical media can often have very high aesthetic value, adding to its \"spectacle\" and reinforcing some of its artistic roots. GWbush.com In 1998, computer programmer and political activist Zack Exley purchased a domain and created a website titled GWbush.com. He invited the group RTMark (pronounced Art Mark) to build a copy of George W. Bush's official website, as they had\n\nPitch and putt is an amateur sport very similar to, and derived from, golf, where the hole length is typically up to and just 2\u20133 clubs are typically used. The game was organised and developed in Ireland during the early 20th century, before expanding through the 1940s, and is now played in dozens of countries. The international governing bodies of the sport include the Federation of International Pitch and Putt Associations (FIPPA) and the International Pitch and Putt Association (IPPA). History While a similar short par 3 course was opened in 1914 in Portsmouth, England (then known as \"miniature golf\"), the website of the Federation of International Pitch and Putt Associations suggests that the organised game of pitch and putt began in County Cork, Ireland in the late 1920s, before being developed through the 1940s and then spreading internationally. A European governing body was formed in 1999\u20132000, and then a\n\nRobert Anthony \"Bob\" Ficano (born July 19, 1952) is an American politician, and the former County Executive and former Sheriff of Wayne County, Michigan. Early life Ficano was born in Detroit, Michigan. He received his BA in 1974 from Michigan State University, and his JD in 1977 from University of Detroit. He worked as an attorney, and was assistant city attorney for the city of Westland, Michigan. He was nominated as the Democratic candidate for Michigan House of Representatives from the 36th District in 1980. County Executive After years as an attorney in private practice in Westland, Michigan, Ficano was appointed to deputy County Clerk under then County Clerk James Kileen. When William Lucas left the office of Wayne County Sheriff in 1983 to run for Wayne County Executive, Ficano was appointed Wayne County Sheriff in 1983, and elected in 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, and 2000. In the history of\n\nQuestion: Who is Robert A. Ficano?", "output": "Robert Anthony \"Bob\" Ficano is an American politician, and the former County Executive and former Sheriff of Wayne County, Michigan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Herman \"Junior\" Cook (July 22, 1934 \u2013 February 3, 1992) was an American hard bop tenor saxophone player. Biography Cook was born in Pensacola, Florida. A member of a musical family, he started on alto saxophone before switching to tenor during his high school years. After playing with Dizzy Gillespie in 1958, Cook was a member of the Horace Silver Quintet (1958\u20131964); when Silver left the group in the hands of Blue Mitchell Cook stayed in the quintet for five more years (1964\u20131969). Later associations included Freddie Hubbard, Elvin Jones, George Coleman, Louis Hayes (1975\u20131976), Bill Hardman (1979\u20131989), and the McCoy Tyner big band. In addition to many appearances as a sideman, Junior Cook recorded as a leader for Jazzland (1961), Catalyst (1977), Muse, and SteepleChase. He also taught at Berklee School of Music for a year during the 1970s. In the early 1990s, Cook was playing with Clifford Jordan,\n\nAn aberration is something that deviates from the normal way. Aberration may also refer to: Biology and medicine Form (zoology) or aberration, a rare mutant butterfly or moth wing pattern Cardiac aberrancy, aberration in the shape of the EKG signal Chromosome aberration, abnormal number or structure of chromosomes Entertainment Aberration, a DLC for the video game Ark: Survival Evolved Aberration (film), a 1997 horror film Aberration (EP), by Neurosis, 1989 Aberrations, or abbies, human-like creatures in the American TV series Wayward Pines Optics and physics Astronomical aberration, phenomenon wherein objects appear to move about their true positions in the sky Chromatic aberration, failure of a lens to focus all colors on the same point Defocus aberration, in which an image is out of focus Optical aberration, an imperfection in image formation by an optical system Relativistic aberration, the distortion of light at high velocities Spherical aberration, which occurs when light\n\nThe Puerto Rico national baseball team (), also known as Team Rubio is the national baseball team of Puerto Rico. The men's senior team is currently ranked 13th in the world. Puerto Rico is the incumbent Pan American and Central American/Caribbean champion, as well as the World Baseball Classic runner-up. The team will compete against Israel, the Dominican Republic, Venezuela and Nicaragua in the 2023 World Baseball Classic in March 2023 in Miami, Florida. After debuting in the amateur predecessor to the Baseball World Cup, the team won its first medal by finishing second in 1947, a performance that it repeated the following year. In 1951, Puerto Rico became the world baseball champion by winning the event. The team went on to gather six more medals during the tournament's existence, finishing second twice and third four times. Puerto Rico was an inaugural member of the World Baseball Classic, making its\n\nQuestion: What is Puerto Rico national baseball team?", "output": "The Puerto Rico national baseball team, also known as Team Rubio is the national baseball team of Puerto Rico."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mount Stirling is a mountain in the Victorian Alps of the Great Dividing Range, located in the Hume region of Victoria, Australia. The mountain has an elevation of above sea level. Mount Stirling is also an abbreviation of the Mount Stirling Alpine Resort, a cross-country and backcountry ski resort located on the slopes of the mountain and situated approximately from Melbourne. The Mount Stirling ski resort is a popular location for beginner backcountry skiers and snowboarders due to its distance from Melbourne and proximity to the Mount Buller Alpine Resort. As at the 2011 census, the area had a population of 36. The Mount Stirling Alpine Resort is contained within an unincorporated area under the direct administration of the government of Victoria, and is surrounded by the Shire of Mansfield. Mount Stirling was named in honour of James Stirling, a surveyor and later, the Victorian Government Geologist. Location and features\n\nSarah Sze (; born 1969) is an American artist and professor of visual arts at Columbia University. She has exhibited internationally and her works are in the collections of several major museums. Sze's work explores the role of technology and information in contemporary life utilizing everyday materials. Drawing from Modernist traditions, Sze's work often represents objects caught in suspension. Early life and education Sze was born in Boston in 1969. Her father, Chia-Ming Sze, was an architect who moved to the United States from Shanghai at age four and her mother, Judy Mossman, was an Anglo-Scottish-Irish schoolteacher. Sze reports that as a child she would draw constantly. She attended Milton Academy as a day student and graduated summa cum laude with a BA in Architecture and Painting from Yale University in 1991. Career Sze's work has been featured in The Whitney Biennial (2000), the Carnegie International (1999) and several international\n\nThe Newhall School District is an elementary school district in the Santa Clarita Valley that serves the Valencia and Newhall communities within the city of Santa Clarita, California, as well as the Stevenson Ranch community in unincorporated Los Angeles County. It currently includes ten schools. History The first school in the district was Newhall Elementary. The school opened in 1876, near the current location of the Saugus Cafe. The school is named for Henry Mayo Newhall, as is the town. The school and the town of Newhall moved two years later, to a location 2 miles south of its original location. An oil boom in the Santa Clarita Valley brought the families of 53 students to area and the school was placed where the current Valencia Marketplace (Target store) currently stands. One year later, in 1879, a proper school house was built at the corner of 9th and Walnut streets,\n\nQuestion: What is Mount Stirling?", "output": "Mount Stirling is a mountain in the Victorian Alps of the Great Dividing Range, located in the Hume region of Victoria, Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\u00c7ine is a municipality and district of Ayd\u0131n Province, Turkey. Its area is 820 km2, and its population is 48,466 (2022). It is from the city of Ayd\u0131n, on the road to Mu\u011fla. History Throughout the ages this area has belonged to the Ionians, Caria, Lydians, Persia, Ancient Rome and Byzantium, was viciously fought over by the Seljuk Turks and Byzantines, eventually ending up in the hands of the Anatolian beylik of the Mente\u015fe. The original settlement is 8 km south of the modern town. In 1426 the area was brought into the Ottoman Empire by Murat II. From 1867 until 1922, \u00c7ine was part of Aidin Vilayet. The town grew in the 19th century when following the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 displaced Turks from Russia were resettled here by Sultan Abdul Hamid II. The town was destroyed by fire in 1900 and rebuilt. Geography Formerly known as K\u0131roba, \u00c7ine\n\nThe Gie\u00dfener Auswanderungsgesellschaft (Gie\u00dfen emigration society) was founded in 1833 in Gie\u00dfen with the aim of establishing a German-populated federal state within the United States. A majority of the five hundred politically motivated members, from the middle and upper class, settled in Missouri in 1834. The effort was considered a failure, but its leaders did much to contribute to the German influence of the state in the early 19th century. History Author Gottfried Duden, a German attorney, settled on the north side of the Missouri River along Lake Creek (now Dutzow, Missouri) in 1824. He was investigating the possibilities of settlement in the area by his countrymen. In 1827 he returned to Germany and in 1829 published Bericht \u00fcber eine Reise nach den westlichen Staaten Nordamerika's und einen mehrj\u00e4hrigen Aufenthalt am Missouri (in den Jahren 1824, 25, 26 und 1827), in Bezug auf Auswanderung und Ueberbev\u00f6lkerung, oder: Das Leben im\n\nB\u00e1nk b\u00e1n is an opera in 3 acts by composer Ferenc Erkel. The work uses a Hungarian-language libretto by B\u00e9ni Egressy which is based on a stage play of the same name by J\u00f3zsef Katona. (B\u00e1n is ban in English, similar to a viceroy, a duke or palatine.) The main storyline is based on the assassination of Queen Gertrude, wife of Andrew II in 1213. The opera was first performed at the Pesti Nemzeti Magyar Szinh\u00e1z in Pest on 9 March 1861. Roles Synopsis Setting: Hungary in the year 1213 Act 1 King Endre II, the monarch of the country, is fighting abroad while Gertrude, his queen, who is of Meranian birth, plays hostess to the leading members of the Court (in the first place foreigners) at prodigal feasts. B\u00e1n B\u00e1nk, the king's deputy, is touring the poverty-ridden country while Otto, the Queen's younger brother, is trying to seduce B\u00e1nk's\n\nQuestion: What is \u00c7ine", "output": "\u00c7ine is a municipality and district of Ayd\u0131n Province, Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Phenomics is the systematic study of traits that make up a phenotype. It was coined by UC Berkeley and LBNL scientist Steven A. Garan. As such, it is a transdisciplinary area of research that involves biology, data sciences, engineering and other fields. Phenomics is concerned with the measurement of the phenotype where a phenome is a set of traits (physical and biochemical traits) that can be produced by a given organism over the course of development and in response to genetic mutation and environmental influences. It is also important to remember that an organisms phenotype changes with time. The relationship between phenotype and genotype enables researchers to understand and study pleiotropy. Phenomics concepts are used in functional genomics, pharmaceutical research, metabolic engineering, agricultural research, and increasingly in phylogenetics. Technical challenges involve improving, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the capacity to measure phenomes. Applications Plant sciences In plant sciences, phenomics research occurs\n\nIn Greco-Roman mythology, Aeneas ( , ; from ) was a Trojan hero, the son of the Trojan prince Anchises and the Greek goddess Aphrodite (equivalent to the Roman Venus). His father was a first cousin of King Priam of Troy (both being grandsons of Ilus, founder of Troy), making Aeneas a second cousin to Priam's children (such as Hector and Paris). He is a minor character in Greek mythology and is mentioned in Homer's Iliad. Aeneas receives full treatment in Roman mythology, most extensively in Virgil's Aeneid, where he is cast as an ancestor of Romulus and Remus. He became the first true hero of Rome. Snorri Sturluson identifies him with the Norse god V\u00ed\u00f0arr of the \u00c6sir. Etymology Aeneas is the Romanization of the hero's original Greek name (Aine\u00edas). Aine\u00edas is first introduced in the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite when Aphrodite gives him his name from the adjective\n\nEsa Holopainen (born 1 October 1972) is a Finnish musician, currently the main songwriter, occasional lyricist, founding member and lead guitarist of the Finnish heavy metal band Amorphis. He is one out the two longest standing members of the band (the other being Tomi Koivusaari) and one of the four original members in the band (the others being Jan Rechberger, Tomi Koivusaari and Olli-Pekka Laine). He was also formerly the guitarist of the bands Violent Solution (1990) and Chaosbreed (2003\u20132004). Holopainen did the guitar solo on \"Dambuster\" from Hellroad Caravan by Mannhai. His influences include Ritchie Blackmore, David Gilmour, John McLaughlin and Petri Walli of Kingston Wall. Holopainen uses ESP guitars and Koch amplifiers. Discography With Violent Solution Period of Depression (demo, 1990) Paralysis / Individual Nightmare (EP, 1990) Solo Silver Lake by Esa Holopainen (album, 2021) With Amorphis Disment of Soul (demo, 1991) Amorphis (single, 1992) The Karelian Isthmus\n\nQuestion: Who was Esa Holopainen?", "output": "Esa Holopainen is a Finnish musician, currently the main songwriter, occasional lyricist, founding member and lead guitarist of the Finnish heavy metal band Amorphis."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gudur is a town in Tirupati district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality and the headquarters of Gudur mandal and Gudur revenue division. Demographics census of India, the town had a population of . The total population constitute, males, females and children, in the age group of 0\u20136 years. The average literacy rate stands at 71.07% with literates. Geography Climate The climate here is tropical. The summers here have a good deal of rainfall, while the winters have very little. This location is classified as Aw by K\u00f6ppen and Geiger. In Gudur, the average annual temperature is 29.2 \u00b0C. About 1025 mm of precipitation falls annually. Governance Civic administration The municipality was established in the year 1954. Its jurisdictional area covers . The urban agglomeration of the town consists of Gudur municipality and its out growths. The out growths include Guduru (east), Guduru (west), Chennuru\u2013II,\n\nLuck egalitarianism is a view about distributive justice espoused by a variety of egalitarian and other political philosophers. According to this view, justice demands that variations in how well-off people are should be wholly determined by the responsible choices people make and not by differences in their unchosen circumstances. This expresses the intuition that it is a bad thing for some people to be worse off than others through no fault of their own. Theory Origins Theories of luck egalitarianism were foreshadowed by 20th-century philosopher John Rawls' theory of distributive justice in which he observed that a person's skills and abilities led to differential distributive justice outcomes. Rawls argued that this is unfair because one's natural talents or circumstances are morally arbitrary as they have been determined by a \"natural lottery\" rather than one's own choices. This concern influenced later egalitarians theories of justice, of which, Ronald Dworkin's theory of\n\nYekaterina Alexandrovna Lobysheva (; born 13 March 1985) is a retired Russian speed skater. She won bronze medals in the team pursuit at the 2006 and 2014 Winter Olympics. Career In the season of 2005\u201306 Lobysheva acted for the first time in the European Championships Allround. After good results on the short distances (1st in 500 m, 4th in 1500 m) she finished sixth in the rankings. Thus she placed herself for the World Allround Speed Skating Championships in 2006 where she, despite her good 500 m (second) did not qualify for the final 4th distance. She was the thirteenth in the ranking. In the same year she won three matches at the 1500 World Cup in the B group. She placed herself for the 1000 and 1500 meters at the Olympic Winter Games in Turin. She became the eleventh and sixth respectively. At the European Championships Allround 2007 Lobysheva,\n\nQuestion: Define Gudur.", "output": "Gudur is a town in Tirupati district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kara Janx (born 17 September 1975) is a South African fashion designer best known for her participation as a contestant on the second season of Bravo's Project Runway, which aired from December 2005 to March 2006. Early life Born Kara Jankelowitz, in Johannesburg to an Ashkenazi Jewish family. Career Janx moved to New York City after obtaining a degree in architecture. She then became a fashion designer and launched her first collection in 2002. In 2009 Janx won the title of International Sportswear Designer of the Year, and then in 2011 she launched a successful bridal-wear line. On 14 January 2007, Janx married Sharone Sohayegh (sometimes referred to as Red) in South Africa. Sharone is involved in real estate. Kara gave birth to her first child, a 6 lb. 14 oz daughter named Dylan on 12 November 2007. She gave birth to her second child, a boy named Calum, in\n\n\"Everyday Is a Winding Road\" is the second single from American singer and songwriter Sheryl Crow's 1996 eponymous album. Neil Finn, lead singer of Crowded House, provides backing vocals. Paul Hester, another member of Crowded House, was the inspiration for the song. The single was issued in the United Kingdom in November 1996 and was released in the United States the following year. The single was well-received on the radio and peaked at number 11 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. It also reached number 12 on the UK Singles Chart and became Crow's fourth and final number-one single in Canada. The song received a nomination for Record of the Year at the 1998 Grammy Awards, losing to \"Sunny Came Home\" by Shawn Colvin. Billboard and The Guardian both named it as Crow's second-best song. A music video for this song was directed by Peggy Sirota and filmed in\n\nCommersonia is a genus of twenty-five species of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae. Plants in this genus are shrubs or trees, occurring from Indochina to Australia and have stems, leaves and flowers covered with star-like hairs. The leaves are simple, often with irregularly-toothed edges, the flowers bisexual with five sepals, five petals and five stamens and the fruit a capsule with five valves. The genus underwent a revision in 2011 and some species were separated from Commersonia, others were added from Rulingia. Taxonomy The genus Coommersonia was first formally described in 1775 by Johann Reinhold Forster and his son Georg Forster in the book Characteres generum plantarum and the first species they described was Commersonia echinata, now known as Commersonia bartramia. A revision of the genus in 2011 added 3 newly described species, as well as 14 species previously included in Rulingia, and transferred a number of species to\n\nQuestion: What is Everyday Is a Winding Road?", "output": "\"Everyday Is a Winding Road\" is the second single from American singer and songwriter Sheryl Crow's 1996 eponymous album."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Belgian Navy, officially the Naval Component (, ; , ; , ) of the Belgian Armed Forces, is the naval service of Belgium. History Early history The Belgian Navy was created as the Marine Royale () in 1831. This force has operated in various forms throughout Belgian history. When the country became independent after the Belgian Revolution of 1830, a Dutch squadron blocked the Scheldt estuary. To deal with this threat the Belgian Congress ordered two brigantines to be built, which bore the names Congr\u00e8s and Les Quatre Journ\u00e9es. After the French Army, led by Marshal Count G\u00e9rard, captured the citadel of Antwerp in 1832, the captured Dutch gun boats were pressed into Belgian service. In 1840 the Belgian government bought the schooner Louise Marie and in 1845 the brig Duc de Brabant. Louise Marie participated in the Rio Nu\u00f1ez Incident in 1849. In 1862, the Belgian government discarded\n\nPotteries is an English dialect of the West Midlands of England, almost exclusively in and around Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire. Origin and history As with most local dialects in English, Potteries dialect derives originally from Anglo Saxon Old English. The 14th-century Middle English poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, which appears in the Cotton Nero A.x manuscript uses dialect words native to the Potteries, leading some scholars to believe that it was written by a monk from Dieulacres Abbey. However, the most commonly suggested candidate for authorship is John Massey of Cotton, Cheshire (now part of Cranage outside Holmes Chapel). The same manuscript also contains three religious alliterative poems, Cleanness, Patience and Pearl, which are attributed to the same unknown author. Although the identity of the author is still disputed, J. R. R. Tolkien and E. V. Gordon writing in 1925 concluded that \"his home was in the West Midlands of\n\nNo More Panic is name of the debut album by Singaporean singer Jocie Kok. The title track \"No More Panic\" is sung in the tune of Dragostea din Tei, by O-zone. Play Music won the rights to translate it in 2005. It was sung by Jocie Kok. The song tells about getting past fear and finding courage. Track listing Songs on 2006 album \u4e0d\u6015\u4e0d\u6015/No More Panic include: \u7231\u662f\u4f60\u773c\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u9996\u60c5\u6b4c (Ai Shi Ni Yan Li De Yi Shou Qing Ge) \u5927\u58f0\u8bf4\u7231 (Da Sheng Shuo Ai) \u4e0d\u6015\u4e0d\u6015 (Bu Pa Bu Pa) - Fearless \u5f53\u4f60\u5b64\u5355\u4f60\u4f1a\u60f3\u8d77\u8c01 (Dang Ni Gu Dan Ni Hui Xiang Qi Shui) \u526a\u5200\u77f3\u5934\u5e03 (Jian Dao Shi Tou Bu) - Rock, Paper, Scissors \u4e24\u96be (Liang Nan) \u52fe\u52fe\u624b (Gou Gou Shou) \u56de\u5bb6\u771f\u597d (Hui Jia Zhen Hao) - Coming home is so Good \u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u4f9d\u7136\u7231\u4f60 (Wo Hai Shi Yi Ran Ai Ni) - I still love you How Are You My Friend? \u4e0d\u6015\u4e0d\u6015 (Remix) \u8001\u9f20\u7231\u5927\u7c73 (Lao\n\nQuestion: What's Belgian Navy?", "output": "The Belgian Navy, officially the Naval Component of the Belgian Armed Forces, is the naval service of Belgium."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Burmu block is a community development block in the Ranchi Sadar subdivision of Ranchi district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Maoist activities, dissent Jharkhand is one of the states affected by Maoist activities. , Ranchi district was among the highly affected districts in the state. \"Areas of Tamar, Bundu, Sonahatu, Angarha, Sikidari Police Stations and Rahe O.P. have been widely affected by activities of CPI (Maoist) group till the end of year 2009. At the end of year 2010, The activities of CPI (Maoist) group has been minimized up to almost zero level.\" According to the Jharkhand Police spokesperson and Inspector General (IG) Saket Singh, as reported on 8 December 2020, \"The activities of CPI-Maoist are now confined to small pockets in the state because of our efforts.\" Civilian fatalities, a key index of security in a region, declined from 20 in 2019, to 8 in 2020, the lowest\n\nIthaca (; , ) was, in Greek mythology, the island home of the hero Odysseus. The specific location of the island, as it was described in Homer's Odyssey, is a matter for debate. There have been various theories about its location. Modern Ithaca has traditionally been accepted to be Homer's island. One recent alternative candidate is Paliki, which may have been an island separated from the rest of Kefalonia, as argued by Bittlestone, Diggle and Underhill in Odysseus Unbound. This theory, however, has not been generally accepted on grounds of geology, archaeology, philology, or historical and Homeric analysis. \u201cWhat is clearly missing,\u201d wrote Dr Christine Haywood reviewing Odysseus Unbound, \u201cis a good knowledge of the complexities of Homeric language, and the support of archaeology.\u201d The central characters of the epic such as Odysseus, Achilles, Agamemnon and Hector are sometimes believed to be fictional characters. Yet there are many claims that\n\nSentence spacing concerns how spaces are inserted between sentences in typeset text and is a matter of typographical convention. Since the introduction of movable-type printing in Europe, various sentence spacing conventions have been used in languages with a Latin alphabet. These include a normal word space (as between the words in a sentence), a single enlarged space, and two full spaces. Until the 20th century, publishing houses and printers in many countries used additional space between sentences. There were exceptions to this traditional spacing method\u2014some printers used spacing between sentences that was no wider than word spacing. This was French spacing\u2014a term synonymous with single-space sentence spacing until the late 20th century. With the introduction of the typewriter in the late 19th century, typists used two spaces between sentences to mimic the style used by traditional typesetters. While wide sentence spacing was phased out in the printing industry in the\n\nQuestion: What's Sentence spacing?", "output": "Sentence spacing concerns how spaces are inserted between sentences in typeset text and is a matter of typographical convention."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nature Canada is a member-based environmental organization headquartered in Ottawa, Ontario. Its supporters include more than 100,000 individuals and over 800 affiliated organizations, including local and provincial naturalist clubs. The organization's mission is to \u201cprotect and conserve wildlife and habitats in Canada by engaging people and advocating on behalf of nature.\u201d Their conservation work is based predominantly on community-based efforts to protect animals, plants and habitat, lobbying for legislation at the federal level to protect endangered species and habitats, and working as a Canadian co-partner for BirdLife International's Important Bird Area (IBA) program. History Nature Canada traces its roots back to September 30, 1939, when Reginald Whittemore launched the magazine Canadian Nature in honour of his late wife, Mabel Frances Whittemore. The organization claims this makes Nature Canada the oldest national nature conservation charity in Canada, however Ducks Unlimited Canada was founded two years earlier in 1937 In 1948, the\n\nCharlize Theron ( ; ; born 7 August 1975) is a South African and American actress and producer. One of the world's highest-paid actresses, she is the recipient of various accolades, including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award. In 2016, Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world. Theron came to international prominence in the 1990s by playing the leading lady in the Hollywood films The Devil's Advocate (1997), Mighty Joe Young (1998), and The Cider House Rules (1999). She received critical acclaim for her portrayal of serial killer Aileen Wuornos in Monster (2003), for which she won the Silver Bear and Academy Award for Best Actress, becoming the first South African to win an acting Oscar. She received another Academy Award nomination for playing a sexually abused woman seeking justice in the drama North Country (2005). Theron has starred in several commercially\n\nThe geography of Croatia is defined by its location\u2014it is described as a part of Central Europe and Southeast Europe, a part of the Balkans and Southern Europe. Croatia's territory covers , making it the 127th largest country in the world. Bordered by Slovenia in the northwest, Hungary in the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia in the east, Montenegro in the southeast and the Adriatic Sea in the south, it lies mostly between latitudes 42\u00b0 and 47\u00b0 N and longitudes 13\u00b0 and 20\u00b0 E. Croatia's territorial waters encompass in a wide zone, and its internal waters located within the baseline cover an additional . The Pannonian Basin and the Dinaric Alps, along with the Adriatic Basin, represent major geomorphological parts of Croatia. Lowlands make up the bulk of Croatia, with elevations of less than above sea level recorded in 53.42% of the country. Most of the lowlands are found\n\nQuestion: What is Geography of Croatia", "output": "The geography of Croatia is defined by its location\u2014it is described as a part of Central Europe and Southeast Europe, a part of the Balkans and Southern Europe."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hydrophobic soil is a soil whose particles repel water. The layer of hydrophobicity is commonly found at or a few centimeters below the surface, parallel to the soil profile. This layer can vary in thickness and abundance and is typically covered by a layer of ash or burned soil. Formation and structure Hydrophobic soil is most familiarly formed when a fire or hot air disperses waxy compounds found in the uppermost litter layer consisting of organic matter. After the compounds disperse, they mainly coat sandy soil particles near the surface in the upper layers of soil, making the soil hydrophobic. Other producers of hydrophobic coatings are contamination and industrial spillages along with soil microbial activity. Hydrophobicity can also be seen as a natural soil property that results from the degradation of natural vegetation such as Eucalyptus that has natural wax properties. It was found that in a particular New Zealand\n\nThe Meers Brook is a stream in Sheffield, England and one of the main tributaries of the River Sheaf. The Meers Brook originates in Gleadless and flows downhill through Gleadless Valley and Meersbrook then, culverted, continues underneath Heeley to pour into the River Sheaf near Saxon Road and Clyde Road in Lowfield. Course The river starts at a spring to the west of Gleadless Townend, close to some allotment gardens, and heads in a west-north-westerly direction, passing through Herdings Wood to the north of Herdings, which is part of the Gleadless Valley area of Sheffield. In the woods it is joined by another small stream. To the south of Rollestone, it is joined by a stream which rises in Hemsworth, and flows northwards through wooded terrain, which joins onto Rollestone Wood. After passing under Blackstock Road, it is joined by another stream, which rises in Buck Wood, Newfield Green, and\n\nSteve Arneil (29 August 1934 \u2013 2 July 2021) was a South African-British master of Kyokushin karate. He learned directly from Masutatsu Oyama and was a senior instructor in Oyama's International Karate Organization (IKO) until 1991, when he resigned from the IKO. Arneil was the founder and President of the International Federation of Karate (IFK), held the rank of 10th dan, and held the title Hanshi. He and his wife settled in the United Kingdom in 1965. Early life Arneil was born on 29 August 1934 in Krugersdorp, Transvaal, South Africa. When he was 10 years old, his family moved to Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), and he began training in kung fu, judo and boxing there. At age 16, he was selected to represent Northern Rhodesia in rugby. By the age of 17, Arneil had earned black belt status in judo, and he had also practised kenpo and karate. He\n\nQuestion: What is Hydrophobic soil?", "output": "Hydrophobic soil is a soil whose particles repel water."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Flying Dust First Nation ( k\u00e2-ohp\u00e2wahk\u00e2stahk) is a Cree First Nation band government located adjacent to the city of Meadow Lake in Saskatchewan, Canada. Highway 55 goes through the band's reserve community. Indian reserves The band governs twelve reserves: Flying Dust 105 - Flying Dust 105D - Flying Dust 105E - Flying Dust 105F - Flying Dust 105H - Flying Dust 105I - Flying Dust 105J - Flying Dust 105L - Flying Dust 105O - Gladue Lake 105B - Meadow Lake 105A - Meadow Lake 105C - Demographics Government The Flying Dust First Nation is governed by a chief and four councillors. Flying Dust is a member of the Meadow Lake Tribal Council, whose offices are located on the reserve. Community services and enterprises With 1,529 members (592 living on-reserve and 937 living off-reserve) the community has developed a reputation as a progressive and strong community. Facilities on-reserve include\n\nCardamine hirsuta, commonly called hairy bittercress, is an annual or biennial species of plant in the family Brassicaceae, and is edible as a salad green. It is common in moist areas around the world. Description Depending on the climate C. hirsuta may complete two generations in a year, one in the spring and one in the fall; also depending on the climate, the seeds may germinate in the fall and the plants may remain green throughout the winter before flowering in the spring. It often grows a rosette of leaves at the base of the stem, while there may be leaves on the upright stem, most of the leaves will be part of the basal rosette. The leaves in this rosette are pinnately divided into 8\u201315 leaflets which have short stems connecting them to the petiole. These basal leaves are often 3.5\u201315 cm long. The leaflets are round to ovate\n\nJoseph Bermingham (9 May 1919 \u2013 11 August 1995) was an Irish Labour Party politician. Bermingham was born in Castlemitchell, County Kildare. He was educated at the Christian Brothers school in Athy and the O'Brien Institute in Dublin. Bermingham worked as a shopkeeper before being elected in 1967 as a member of Kildare County Council. He was an unsuccessful candidate for D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann at the 1969 general election and at a by-election in 1970. He was elected to the 20th D\u00e1il as Labour Party Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) for the Kildare constituency at the 1973 general election. After the 1981 general election, Labour and Fine Gael formed a coalition government. Bermingham was appointed by the government to the position of Minister of State at the Department of Finance with responsibility for the Office of Public Works. He served in that post until early 1982 when the government of Garret FitzGerald fell\n\nQuestion: What is Cardamine hirsuta?", "output": "Cardamine hirsuta, commonly called hairy bittercress, is an annual or biennial species of plant in the family Brassicaceae, and is edible as a salad green."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Practical idealism is a term first used by John Dewey in 1917 and subsequently adopted by Mahatma Gandhi (Gandhi Marg 2002). It describes a philosophy that holds it to be an ethical imperative to implement ideals of virtue or good. It further holds it to be equally immoral to either refuse to make the compromises necessary to realize high ideals, or to discard ideals in the name of expediency. Practical idealism in its broadest sense may be compared to utilitarianism in its emphasis on outcomes, and to political economy and enlightened self-interest in its emphasis on the alignment of what is right with what is possible. International affairs In foreign policy and international relations, the phrase \"practical idealism\" has come to be taken as a theory or set of principles that diplomats or politicians use to describe or publicize their outlook on foreign policy. It purports to be a pragmatic\n\nThe abacus (: abaci or abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a hand-operated calculating tool of unknown origin used since ancient times in the ancient Near East, Europe, China, and Russia, millennia before the adoption of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system. The abacus consists of a two-dimensional array of slidable beads (or similar objects). In their earliest designs, the beads could be loose on a flat surface or sliding in grooves. Later the beads were made to slide on rods and built into a frame, allowing faster manipulation. Each rod typically represents one digit of a multi-digit number laid out using a positional numeral system such as base ten (though some cultures used different numerical bases). Roman and East Asian abacuses use a system resembling bi-quinary coded decimal, with a top deck (containing one or two beads) representing fives and a bottom deck (containing four or five beads) representing ones.\n\nThe Borderers is a British television series produced by the BBC between 1968 and 1970. Setting A historical drama series, The Borderers was set during the 16th century and chronicled the lives of the Ker family, who lived in the Scottish Middle March on the frontier between England and Scotland. Some episodes of the show depict the wider politics, mostly as it affects their relative Sir Walter Ker, warden of the Middle March The series was described by The Guardian in 2007 as \"brave and original...a kind of north-eastern western\". It shows an ordinary family trying to live as part of a society of Border Reivers, a world where raid and feud were unavoidable parts of daily life. The wars between England and Scotland had destroyed the normal processes of law enforcement. The setting is a particularly tense time, with Elizabeth of England and Mary, Queen of Scots, in competition.\n\nQuestion: Define Practical idealism.", "output": "Practical idealism is a term first used by John Dewey in 1917 and subsequently adopted by Mahatma Gandhi."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The oberek, also called obertas or ober, is a lively Polish dance. Its name is derived from the Polish obraca\u0107 si\u0119 (\"to spin\"). It consists of many dance lifts and jumps. It is performed at a much quicker pace than the Polish waltz and is one of the national dances of Poland. It is the second-most popular dance in Polish-American music, after the polka. Polish oberek (Folk) The oberek, in its original form, is a Polish folk dance and is the fastest of the Five National Dances of Poland. The Five National Dances are: Polonez (Polonaise), Mazur (Mazurka), Kujawiak, Krakowiak and Oberek. The Oberek consists of quick steps and constant turns. The beauty of the oberek depends on each individual dancer's talent of spinning at the fast tempo of the Oberek, which shares some steps with the Mazur. The music for the oberek was typically performed by a small village\n\nWilliam Henry Donner (1864\u20131953) was an American businessman and philanthropist, born in Columbus, Indiana. He graduated from Hanover College in 1887. His academic philanthropy led to the creation of the five chairs and the title of Donner Professor. Business career Early in adulthood, Donner managed the family-owned grain mill, and in his twenties, he invested in Indiana natural gas and real estate. He founded the National Tin Plate Company, originally based in North Anderson, Indiana, and obtained a patent for an innovation in tin plate rolling processes. Donner then shifted his energies from Indiana to the Monongahela Valley of southwestern Pennsylvania. In 1897, his National Tin Plate Company was the first employer in the newly created community of Monessen, Pennsylvania. The town's main street was named \"Donner Avenue\" in his honor. Donner then sold his tin plate company and used the proceeds to create Union Steel Company (later American Steel\n\nOak Grove Lutheran School is a private, Lutheran school for students in pre-Kindergarten through grade 12 in Fargo, North Dakota. It was founded in 1906. Oak Grove began as school that housed mostly Norwegian schoolgirls. History In March 2009, the permanent dike surrounding the school was breached by the Red River, causing the school to relocate operations for the remainder of the school year. Athletics Oak Grove competes in the North Dakota High School Activities Association. Oak Grove offers baseball, basketball, golf, track and field, and volleyball. In conjunction with other Fargo schools, it also offers softball, cross country, ice hockey, soccer, swimming and diving, tennis, wrestling, and gymnastics. Fine arts Oak Grove students begin participating in music programs in elementary school. Students participate in choirs K-12. Elementary students can perform in the choir squad alongside their general music classes. Starting in 5th grade, students can participate in school bands.\n\nQuestion: What is Oberek", "output": "The oberek, also called obertas or ober, is a lively Polish dance."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Northwest Florida Daily News is a daily newspaper published in Fort Walton Beach, Florida. It was founded in 1946 and is owned by Gannett. History A group of local businessmen met on January 9, 1946, to organize a weekly newspaper for Okaloosa County's southern region. The Okaloosa News-Journal, published at the county seat of Crestview at the northern end of the county for many decades, carried early accounts of the developing region. As the southern communities of Fort Walton, Destin, Shalimar, Cinco Bayou, Mary Esther, Ocean City, Wright, Valparaiso and Niceville expanded, so did the need for local coverage. The civic leaders gathered at a downtown Fort Walton bar which had the only available meeting room. Present were Clyde Meigs, Fred McCaully, Paul Roberts, Ray Folmar, R.L. Odom, Howard Gill, L. Ferrin, George Klosterman, Lee Courter, Frank Bizelle, Braden Ball, W.R. Cummings, DeWitt Lamb (the first editor), Andy Anderson,\n\nSacramental union (Latin: unio sacramentalis; Martin Luther's German: Sacramentliche Einigkeit; German: sakramentalische Vereinigung) is the Lutheran theological doctrine of the Real Presence of the body and blood of Christ in the Christian Eucharist (see Eucharist in Lutheranism). Type of union The sacramental union is distinguished from the other \"unions\" in theology like the \"personal union\" of the two natures in Jesus Christ, the \"mystical union\" of Christ and his Church, and the \"natural union\" in the human person of body and soul. It is seen as similar to the personal union in the analogue of the uniting of the two perfect natures in the person of Jesus Christ in which both natures remain distinct: the integrity of the bread and wine remain though united with the body and the blood of Christ. In the sacramental union the consecrated bread is united with the body of Christ and the consecrated wine\n\nThe Commanders\u2013Cowboys rivalry is a National Football League (NFL) rivalry between the Washington Commanders, formerly known as the Redskins, and the Dallas Cowboys. In 2005, Sports Illustrated called it the top NFL rivalry of all time and \"one of the greatest in sports.\" ESPN ranked it the best rivalry in the NFL. The Sportster has ranked it the 17th biggest rivalry in the world. During the tenure of this rivalry, the two franchises have won 32 combined division titles and eight combined Super Bowls. They are two of the wealthiest franchises in the NFL. The rivalry started in 1960 when the Cowboys joined the league as an expansion team. During that year they were in separate conferences, but played once during the season. In 1961, Dallas was placed in the same division as Washington, and from that point on, they have played each other twice in every regular season. Beginning\n\nQuestion: Define Commanders\u2013Cowboys rivalry.", "output": "The Commanders\u2013Cowboys rivalry is a National Football League rivalry between the Washington Commanders, formerly known as the Redskins, and the Dallas Cowboys."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tiequon Aundray \"Lil Fee\" Cox (born December 1, 1965) is an American street gangster and mass murderer who was sentenced to death for the August 31, 1984 murders of various family members of NFL football player Kermit Alexander. Cox is currently incarcerated in San Quentin State Prison. Cox was one of the prime suspects of a mass murder investigation into the deaths of Ebora Alexander, aged 59, Dietra Alexander, aged 25, and two boys Damon Bonner, aged 6, and Damani Garner-Alexander, aged 12. They were relatives of the former NFL defensive back Kermit Alexander. Cox was also a noted member of the Rollin' 60 Crips, and on parole on an unrelated charge. Murders and possible motives The events of August 31, 1984, are not clear, but what is known is that two suspects, described as being male, were seen bursting into the house of Ebora Alexander (the mother of Kermit\n\nBilly Argyros, commonly referred to as Billy the Croc or The Croc, is a Greek Australian Gambler & Australian Poker Hall of Fame Member. The Croc as is a well known poker player on the Australian circuit, with his interest in the game of poker first developed when he lost all his money at a poker game that a friend had hosted. He studied poker strategy and his game improved dramatically afterwards. He began using his new-found knowledge of the game at low-stakes poker tables, but he quickly learned and moved up to the high-stakes poker games in different local casinos in his region. In 1995, Argyros cashed in the money in the $10,000 No Limit Hold'em Main Event, finishing 15th of a field of 273 players, winning $24,220. He has also cashed one time on the World Poker Tour. He appeared on the former television show Australian Celebrity Poker\n\nBecause Cyprus no longer has a working railway system, various other methods of transport are needed to ensure the proper delivery of any cargo, be it human or freight. Since the last railway was dismantled in 1952, the only remaining modes of transport are by road, by sea, and by air. Roads From the of roads in the areas controlled by the Republic of Cyprus in 2006, were paved, while were unpaved. In 1996, the Turkish Cypriot area showed a close, but smaller ratio of paved to unpaved with about out of paved and unpaved. As a legacy of British rule, Cyprus is one of only three EU nations in which vehicles drive on the left. Motorways A1 Nicosia to Limassol A2 connects A1 near Pera Chorio with A3 by Larnaca A3 Larnaca Airport to Agia Napa, also serves as a circular road for Larnaca. A5 connects A1 near Kofinou\n\nQuestion: Who is Tiequon Cox?", "output": "Tiequon Aundray \"Lil Fee\" Cox is an American street gangster and mass murderer who was sentenced to death for the August 31, 1984 murders of various family members of NFL football player Kermit Alexander."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Zoroastrianism is the oldest remaining religion in Iran. Founded around the middle of the second millennium BCE, the religion spread through the Iranian area through conversions and eventually became state religion in the Achaemenian Empire in the 6th century BCE. The religion still survives to this day in small communities, mostly located in present Iran and India. The Zoroastrians in India are called Parsis. According to the Iran's official census, there were 25,271 Zoroastrians in the country as of 2011, but several unofficial accounts suggest higher figures growing within the country. Background and the religion The Zoroastrian religion is credited to the prophet Zoroaster, who is also known as Zarathushtra and the religion is named after him. Zoroaster was supposedly the one that founded this religion around the middle of the second millennium BCE. In contemporary times, it is stated that Zoroastrianism is a religion whose followers worship one God.\n\nWally Pleasant is an American musician from Michigan. He plays humorous songs based on folk music and 1950s\u201360s rock and roll influences. Throughout the 1990s he was a fixture in the East Lansing indie-rock scene, alongside fellow local acts like The Verve Pipe. Career Born Wally Bullard in Detroit, Pleasant did not become a serious guitarist until college. While majoring in political science at Michigan State University's James Madison College, he performed at various Lansing-area open mic nights, gaining significant local popularity. A successful homemade cassette tape in the late 1980s led him to release a total of six CDs, the first five on his own record label Miranda Records. His classic 1992 \"Songs About Stuff\" LP featured fan favorites like \"Small Time Drug Dealer\" and \"Psycho Roommate.\" In 1996, Pleasant performed before incumbent-President Bill Clinton's speech during his re-election campaign when he visited East Lansing. Pleasant has performed throughout\n\nThe Battle of Asseiceira, fought on 16 May, 1834, was the last and decisive engagement of the Portuguese Civil War, or \"War of the Two Brothers\", between Dom Pedro, ex-Emperor of Brazil (fighting to restore his daughter Dona Maria da Gl\u00f3ria as rightful Queen of Portugal) and the usurper Dom Miguel. Dom Miguel's rebel forces were defeated. Miguel's army, under the command of General Guedes, had been retreating eastward before the advance of Dom Pedro's forces, and had camped in a strong position on the Heights of Asseiceira, a system of hills and valleys about four miles from Tomar. Miguel himself was at Santar\u00e9m and was not involved in the ensuing battle. Pedro's general, the Duke of Terceira, advanced from Tomar on the morning of the 16th and attacked their position in three columns commanded by Colonels Queir\u00f3s, Nepomuceno and Vasconcelos. The Miguelite forces attempted to repel them with artillery\n\nQuestion: What is Battle of Asseiceira?", "output": "The Battle of Asseiceira, fought on 16 May, 1834, was the last and decisive engagement of the Portuguese Civil War, or \"War of the Two Brothers\", between Dom Pedro, ex-Emperor of Brazil and the usurper Dom Miguel."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Daisy Zamora (born 20 June 1950 in Managua, Nicaragua) is a contemporary Latin American poet. Her work covers daily life, human rights, politics, revolution, feminist issues, art, history and culture. Early life and education She was raised in a wealthy liberal and politically active family. She attended convent schools and studied at the Universidad Centroamericana in Nicaragua where she earned a degree in psychology. She earned a post graduate diploma from INCAE, a branch of Harvard University in Central America. She also studied at the Academia Dante Alighieri and the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes. Work and activism She was involved in the fight against the Somoza dictatorship in the 1970s, and joined the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) in 1973. She was exiled to Honduras, Panama and Costa Rica. During Nicaragua\u2019s Sandinista Revolution, she was a combatant for the FSLN (Sandinista National Liberation Front), became the voice and program\n\nDanda is a region frequently mentioned in Hindu mythology, and is prominently featured in various narratives, such as Dandaka, which refers to both a kingdom and forest of the same name. Danda was a colonial state of Lanka during the reign of Ravana, with his governor Khara ruling the province. The region served as a stronghold for all the Rakshasa tribes living in the Dandaka Forest Historically, Danda is believed to have encompassed the Nashik District in Maharashtra, with its capital located at Janasthana, now known as Nashik city. It was from this region that the Rakshasa Khara launched an attack on Raghava Rama of Kosala, who was residing with his wife and brother at Panchavati, located in modern-day Nashik. In the Ramayana, the demon Danda is portrayed as the maternal uncle of Ravana, being the son of Sumali. References in the Mahabharata Though Dandaka was mentioned in the epic\n\nRah Bras was a rock band originally out of Richmond, VA. The band consisted of Isabellarah Rubella on synth, Boo Rah on keytar, and Jean Rah on drums, with all three providing vocals. The band has played in the United States, Europe, Japan, Canada and Mexico. Discography Nipponoppin - Lungcast (1995) Wear the Beat Spectacular EP- Vermiform Records 1998 Concentrate to Listen to the Rondo That We Christen King Speed EP- Lovitt Records 1998 Ruy Blas! LP/CD- Lovitt Records 2001 Troubleman Mixtape CD- Troubleman Unlimited 2001 This Just In... Benefit For Indy Media - Geykido Comet Records 2005 WHOHM LP/CD- Lovitt Records 2005 See also Red Box\u2014the titles of the two 1998 EPs Wear the Beat Spectacular and Concentrate to Listen to the Rondo that We Christen King Speed are lines (albeit \"wear\" paraphrased from \"we're\" in the former) in the Red Box song \"Living in Domes\" on the 1986\n\nQuestion: What's Danda Kingdom?", "output": "Danda is a region frequently mentioned in Hindu mythology, and is prominently featured in various narratives, such as Dandaka, which refers to both a kingdom and forest of the same name."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "E Whale's Tale Water Park is a water park located in Lincoln, New Hampshire, United States. It has been operating for more than 30 years. Rides The park has a total of 11 attractions, with recent additions of Shipwreck Island in 2010, Poseidon's Voyage in 2013, and Akua Beach in 2017. The park features rides for all ages, such as the Whale Harbor, a pool no deeper than deeming it safe for young kids and toddlers. It contains four waterslides and three water fountains. There are seven featured waterslides in the park. Banzai Pipeline: a large water slide where riders start in an enclosed tube until they reach the peak where they experience a backward ride down the slide Eye of the Storm: A large bowl-shaped waterslide where guests first accelerate through an enclosed tube before rotating several times around the bowl. The ride ends in a 4-foot drop through\n\nTheodora Emily Colborn (n\u00e9e Decker; March 28, 1927 \u2013 December 14, 2014) was Founder and President Emerita of The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX), based in Paonia, Colorado, and Professor Emerita of Zoology at the University of Florida, Gainesville. She was an environmental health analyst, and best known for her studies on the health effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals. She died in 2014. Academic career in 1947 Colborn obtained a B.S. in Pharmacy from the College of Pharmacy at Rutgers University and became a pharmacist. In 1981 she graduated from Western State College of Colorado, Gunnison, with an M.A. in Science in fresh-water ecology. In 1985, Colborn received a Fellowship from the Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress. From there, in 1987, she joined the Conservation Foundation to provide scientific guidance for the 1990 book, Great Lakes, Great Legacy? in collaboration with the Institute for Research and Public Policy, Ottawa, Canada.\n\nAtascadero High School (formerly Margarita Black Union High School) is an American public high school located in Atascadero, California. Atascadero High School is 1 of 2 high schools in the Atascadero Unified School District. The school receives its students mainly from the Atascadero Junior High School and Atascadero Fine Arts Academy, and also attracts students from outlying areas of northern and eastern San Luis Obispo County. Curriculum The school offers different paths of study, from trade-based programs to a wide variety of college prep, honors, and advanced placement courses. Extracurricular activities Sports The school's biggest athletic rival is Paso Robles High School. Both schools are now part of the CIF Central Section as members of the Central Coast Athletic Association and have faced off over the years within the California Individual Finals. Fall Sports Football - CIF Southern Section champions: 1982, 1983, 1986 (Desert-Mountain Division), 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 (Div.\n\nQuestion: What is Theo Colborn", "output": "Theodora Emily Colborn was Founder and President Emerita of The Endocrine Disruption Exchange, based in Paonia, Colorado, and Professor Emerita of Zoology at the University of Florida, Gainesville."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bernard Allan Federko (born May 12, 1956) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played fourteen seasons in the National Hockey League from 1976 through 1990. Playing career Federko began playing hockey at a young age in his home town of Foam Lake, Saskatchewan. He was captain of the 1971 Bantam provincial champions. He also played Senior hockey with the local Foam Lake Flyers of the Fishing Lake Hockey League, winning the league scoring title as a bantam-aged player. Federko continued his career with the Saskatoon Blades of the WHL where he set and still holds the team record for assists. He played three seasons with the Blades, and in his final year with the club he led the league in assists and points in both the regular season and playoffs. Federko was drafted 7th overall by the St. Louis Blues in the 1976 NHL Amateur Draft. He\n\nGalleywood is a village surrounded by countryside in Essex; it is situated on the outskirts of the city of Chelmsford, about 30 miles from London. The A12 trunk road passes nearby, which connects to the M25 in London. Galleywood sits astride a Roman road running south from Chelmsford towards Vange Creek; currently, the B1007 Stock Road and B1009 Beehive Lane run through it. Galleywood was a part of the Great Baddow parish, comprising two villages or hamlets: Galleywood and Galleyend, about a mile apart. Galleywood has a population of 5,757 and has a higher percentage of retired citizens than the national average. Galleywood Common is approximately 400 yards in width and one mile in length, consisting of open fields and woodland. It also has St. Michael's Church in the woodland, which is visible for many miles around. History Galleywood dates back to early medieval times and was recorded in 1250\n\nThomas Christian Weller (born 4 November 1980) is a German former professional footballer who plays as a left midfielder or left-back for FC Romanshorn. Career Weller joined FC St. Gallen on 24 October 2007. He moved to SC Br\u00fchl in 2014 to FC United Z\u00fcrich in 2015, and to FC Kosova Z\u00fcrich in 2017. He continued his career in the Swiss lower leagues with FC Uster and FC Romanshorn. Personal His father Hanjo Weller previously worked as Head Scout by FC Vaduz. References External links football.ch profile 1980 births Living people German men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Men's association football fullbacks TSV 1860 Munich II players FC Winterthur players FC Vaduz players FC Schaffhausen players Stuttgarter Kickers players FC St. Gallen players FC Wohlen players SC Pfullendorf players Swiss Super League players Swiss Promotion League players Swiss Challenge League players Regionalliga players German expatriate men's footballers German expatriate sportspeople\n\nQuestion: Define Galleywood.", "output": "Galleywood is a village surrounded by countryside in Essex; it is situated on the outskirts of the city of Chelmsford, about 30 miles from London."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "was a Japanese filmmaker and painter who directed 30 films in a career spanning over five decades. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers in the history of cinema. Kurosawa displayed a bold, dynamic style, strongly influenced by Western cinema yet distinct from it; he was involved with all aspects of film production. Kurosawa entered the Japanese film industry in 1936, following a brief stint as a painter. After years of working on numerous films as an assistant director and scriptwriter, he made his debut as a director during World War II with the popular action film Sanshiro Sugata (1943). After the war, the critically acclaimed Drunken Angel (1948), in which Kurosawa cast the then little-known actor Toshiro Mifune in a starring role, cemented the director's reputation as one of the most important young filmmakers in Japan. The two men would go on to\n\nMovelier is a municipality in the district of Del\u00e9mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. History Movelier is first mentioned in 1188 as Moderswilre. The municipality was formerly known by its German name Moderswiler, however, that name is no longer used. Geography Movelier has an area of . Of this area, or 45.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 49.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 4.6% is settled (buildings or roads). Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 2.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.6%. Out of the forested land, 45.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 15.7% is used for growing crops and 15.7% is pastures and 13.5% is used for alpine pastures. The municipality is located in the Delemont district, on a\n\nWJAB (90.9 FM) is a National Public Radio-affiliated college radio station in Huntsville, Alabama. It primarily features jazz and blues music programming aimed toward African-American residents of the northern counties of Alabama and several counties in southern middle Tennessee. WJAB's signal travels in about a 120-mile radius. The station is licensed to Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University (known as \"Alabama A&M\" for short) in Normal, Alabama, which is actually located within the city of Huntsville. The Telecommunications Center of the University operates the station partly as a laboratory for student announcers, producers, and journalists. History Beginning in the late 1970s, Alabama A&M made numerous attempts to obtain funding from the state of Alabama and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting in order to establish a radio station of its own. The FCC originally allocated the callsign WAED for the station. The call sign was previously owned by The Big JAB, an\n\nQuestion: What is WJAB?", "output": "WJAB is a National Public Radio-affiliated college radio station in Huntsville, Alabama."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Halmidi is a small village in the Hassan district of Karnataka state, India, near the temple town of Belur. Halmidi is best known as the place where the oldest known inscription exclusively in Kannada language, the Halmidi inscription, was discovered. Anterior to this, many inscriptions with Kannada words have been discovered, such as Brahmagiri edict of 230 BCE of Emperor Ashoka. However, this is the first full length inscription in Kannada. This inscription is generally known as the Halmidi inscription and consists of sixteen lines carved on a sandstone slab. It has been dated to 450 CE and demonstrates that Kannada was used as a language of administration at that time. The inscription is in primitive Kannada with distinctive characteristics attributed to those of Proto-Kannada and uses Kannada script similar to Brahmi characters. Halmidi village is located between Chikmagalur city and Belur town. In recognition of the cultural importance of\n\nBrian Tate Milner (born November 17, 1959) is an American former professional baseball player. He played two games in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays in 1978 as a catcher. Biography Milner attended Southwest High School in Fort Worth, Texas, where he played baseball and football. He planned to attend Arizona State University, but was selected in the seventh round of the 1978 MLB draft, held June 6\u20138, by the Toronto Blue Jays. He signed with Toronto on June 17 after being offered a $150,000 signing bonus and the opportunity to join the MLB team immediately. Milner joined the Blue Jays the next day, but did not make his major-league debut until June 23, in a road game against the Cleveland Indians. He became the first, and to date only, catcher to be brought directly to the major leagues after being signed since the MLB draft began\n\nThe Jewish Book Council (Hebrew: ), founded in 1944, is an organization encouraging and contributing to Jewish literature. The goal of the council, as stated on its website, is \"to promote the reading, writing and publishing of quality English language books of Jewish content in North America\". The council sponsors the National Jewish Book Awards, the Sami Rohr Prize for Jewish Literature, the JBC Network, JBC Book Clubs, the Visiting Scribe series, and Jewish Book Month. It publishes an annual literary journal called Paper Brigade. It broke off from the JCC Association on January 1, 1994, and became an independent not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation chartered in the State of New York. Its primary support is from individuals, and from organizations and foundations in the Jewish community. History The Council's origins date back to 1925, when Fanny Goldstein, a librarian at the West End Branch of the Boston Public Library, set up\n\nQuestion: What's Jewish Book Council?", "output": "The Jewish Book Council, founded in 1944, is an organization encouraging and contributing to Jewish literature."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Oltu (; ) is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,441 km2, and its population is 30,075 (2022). The mayor is Necmettin Ta\u015f\u00e7\u0131, from the AKP. History An inscription found in Oltu's castle has been dated to the 7th century A.D.(see below), but the settlement is known to have been established much earlier. The city-fortress had once belonged to the Mamikonian nakharars and later passed into the hands of the Bagratunis. Administratively, it was found within the borders of the region of Vok'aghe in the province of Tayk. The first mention of Oltu as a fortified settlement is in the 9th century when the Georgian Bagratids occupied this region. After the death of the Iberian Kuropalates David in 1000, the troops of Emperor Basil II occupied the castles and towns in the region of Tao-Tayk\u201b, which included Oltu. In the following centuries, Oltu successively passed\n\nRockenhausen is a town in the Donnersbergkreis, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the river Alsenz, approx. north of Kaiserslautern. Rockenhausen is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde (\"collective municipality\") Nordpf\u00e4lzer Land. The town consists the villages Marienthal, D\u00f6rnbach, and Rockenhausen itself. History Rockenhausen received its town charter in 1332. At that time subordinated to the Raugrafen, the town belonged to the Electoral Palatinate from 1457. During the Thirty Years' War, it was almost completely destroyed, as were almost all other villages in the region. After 1792 the region was occupied by French troops in the First Revolutionary War and annexed after the peace of Campo Formio (1797). From 1798 to 1814 Rockenhausen belonged to the French department Donnersberg and was the capital (chef-lieu) of the canton Rockenhausen. Due to the agreements made at the Congress of Vienna (1815) and an exchange contract with Austria, the region became part of\n\nStayen is a football stadium in Sint-Truiden, Belgium. It is the home ground of STVV. The stadium holds 14,600 after its most recent rebuild. The original stadium was built in 1927. The name \"Stayen\" is a local dialect word for \"Staden\", an old quarter of the town on its western side. Between the 1950s and 2009 the word was normally written as \"Staaien\". One regularly applied soubriquet is \"Hel van Stayen\" (\"Hell of Stayen\"), used on behalf of top teams that suffer defeats in the stadium. The Stayen Hotel is built into the north side of the stadium: 20 of its rooms overlook the pitch. From February 2023, the Japanese company \"Daio Wasabi Farm\" acquired the naming rights of the stadium, and named it \"Daio Wasabi Stayen Stadium\". This is the first time in history for a Belgian league that a Japanese company has acquired the naming rights for a\n\nQuestion: What is Oltu?", "output": "Oltu is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A records manager is the professional responsible for records management in an organization. This role has evolved over time and takes many forms, with many related areas of knowledge required for professional competency. Records managers are found in all types of organizations, including business, government, and nonprofit sectors. Generally, dedicated (i.e., full-time) records managers are found in larger organizations. History Records management evolved from the development of archives in the United States government following World War II. With the explosion of paper records during that war, better systems of management were needed to retain and make the records available for current use. Records managers became specialists that bridged the gap between file clerks and archivists. The profession expanded into the corporate world in the 1950s. Competencies The records manager generally provides expertise in records management, constituting knowledge areas of: Records creation and use Active and inactive records systems Records appraisal,\n\nCarl Josef Bayer (also Karl Bayer, 4 March 1847 \u2013 4 October 1904) was an Austrian chemist who invented the Bayer process of extracting alumina from bauxite, essential to this day to the economical production of aluminium. Bayer had been working in Saint Petersburg to develop a method to provide alumina to the textile industry that used it as a fixing agent in the dyeing of cotton. In 1887, he discovered that aluminium hydroxide precipitated from an alkaline solution which is crystalline and can be filtered and washed more easily than that precipitated from an acid medium by neutralization. In 1888, Bayer developed and patented his four-stage process of extracting alumina from bauxite ore. In the mid-19th-century, aluminium was so precious that a bar of the metal was exhibited alongside the French Crown Jewels at the Exposition Universelle in Paris 1855. Along with the Hall\u2013H\u00e9roult process, Bayer's solution caused the\n\nThe Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia (ASSA) is an independent, non-governmental organisation devoted to the advancement of knowledge and research in the social sciences. It has its origins in the Social Science Research Council of Australia, founded in 1942. The Academy was established in 1971 to recognise and champion excellence in the social sciences and to provide evidence-based advice on a range of social policy issues. The Academy consists of an elected Fellowship of almost 700 distinguished Australian social science researchers and professionals who work together to: Provide advice to governments on issues of national importance; Promote understanding and awareness of the social sciences; and Coordinate international cooperation and collaboration in the social sciences. Origins ASSA's functions were originally fulfilled through the Social Science Research Council of Australia, which was founded in 1942. A timeline of events leading up to ASSA's formation in 1971 is as follows: 1942\n\nQuestion: What is Records manager", "output": "A records manager is the professional responsible for records management in an organization."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Tribal Hidage is a list of thirty-five tribes that was compiled in Anglo-Saxon England some time between the 7th and 9th centuries. It includes a number of independent kingdoms and other smaller territories, and assigns a number of hides to each one. The list is headed by Mercia and consists almost exclusively of peoples who lived south of the Humber estuary and territories that surrounded the Mercian kingdom, some of which have never been satisfactorily identified by scholars. The value of 100,000 hides for Wessex is by far the largest: it has been suggested that this was a deliberate exaggeration. The original purpose of the Tribal Hidage remains unknown: it could be a tribute list created by a king, but other purposes have been suggested. The hidage figures may be symbolic, reflecting the prestige of each territory, or they may represent an early example of book-keeping. Many historians are\n\nKaracabey is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,158 km2, and its population is 84,907 (2022). It is located just west of the Simav River near its confluence with the Adirnaz River. The district of Karacabey borders the districts of Mudanya and Nil\u00fcfer from east, Mustafakemalpa\u015fa and Susurluk from south, Manyas from southwest and Band\u0131rma from west. It is sited on the ancient town of Miletopolis. Karacabey is an industrial area as well as an agricultural one. It is known as the plantation area of a special variety of onions. There are many famous food factories around Karacabey such as Nestle and many varieties of vegetables and fruits are planted in Karacabey. There is a nearby lake called Uluabat. The Marmara Sea is 32 km to the north. History The town is named after a local Turkish chieftain during the Ottoman era named Karaca Bey.\n\nis a Japanese animator, character designer, and director. He is particularly known for his work on the Giant Robo OVA series, as well as his work on the Lunar series and iDOLM@STER. He was born in Hokkaido. Notable works Anime Batman: Gotham Knight (Segment: Working Through Pain; Animation director) Gunbuster (animation director) Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water (animation director) Giant Robo (character designer, animation director) Giant Robo Ginrei Special (character designer, animation director) Yamato 2520 (character designer) Gankutsuou (opening animator) Beck (storyboard) Time Jam: Valerian & Laureline (animation director) Berserk: The Golden Age Arc (director) Harukana Receive (director) Wandering Witch: The Journey of Elaina (director) Handyman Saitou in Another World (director) Shangri-La Frontier (director) Games Lunar: The Silver Star (character designer, animation director) Lunar: Eternal Blue (character designer, animation director) Lunar: Walking School (character designer) Lunar: Silver Star Story (character designer, animation director) Albert Odyssey: Legend of Eldean (character\n\nQuestion: What is Tribal Hidage?", "output": "The Tribal Hidage is a list of thirty-five tribes that was compiled in Anglo-Saxon England some time between the 7th and 9th centuries."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Richard Norton Wilkinson (??-1804) was a soldier, judge and political figure in Upper Canada. He was born in Scotland. At the time of the American Revolution, he was a merchant in Albany, New York and owned a ship. His ship and cargo were seized and he was imprisoned by the colonists. He escaped and served with Sir John Johnson's King's Royal Regiment of New York. In 1778, he was appointed to the Indian Department. He served as captain in the Royal Canadian Volunteers until 1802. In 1788, he was appointed justice of the peace in the Lunenburg District. In 1794, he was appointed justice in the Eastern District court. He represented Glengarry in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1796 to 1800. He died at Cornwall in 1804. His son Walter Butler was also a member of the Legislative Assembly but died only a few years after\n\nWestley Nathan Morgan (born 21 January 1984) is a former professional footballer who made over 750 professional appearances as a defender for Nottingham Forest, Leicester City and the Jamaican national team, as well as a brief loan spell at Kidderminster Harriers. Morgan spent the first ten years of his career with his boyhood club, Nottingham Forest, playing 402 matches and scoring 14 goals. He was their longest-serving player when he transferred to Leicester City in January 2012. Morgan became Leicester's captain later that year, and captained the club for 9 years until his retirement in 2021. He captained the club during its most successful ever period, captaining them to the Championship title in 2014, their first Premier League title two years later in 2016 and their first FA Cup win in 2021, in which he made his final ever professional appearance coming on as a substitute in the 2021 FA\n\nBothe-Napa Valley State Park is a state park of California in the United States. Located in the Napa Valley, it contains the farthest inland coast redwoods in a California state park. The park was established in 1960. In 2011 during the California budget crisis, this park and the adjacent Bale Grist Mill State Historic Park were among those targeted to be closed due to lack of funding. The Napa County Parks and Open Space District petitioned the state to operate the park in order to avoid closure. History The park property was originally part of the Rancho Carne Humana Mexican land grant. See also List of California state parks References External links Bothe-Napa Valley State Park\u2013California State Parks Bothe-Napa Valley State Park\u2013Napa Valley State Parks Association 1960 establishments in California Parks in Napa County, California Parks in Sonoma County, California Protected areas established in 1960 State parks of California St.\n\nQuestion: What is Bothe-Napa Valley State Park?", "output": "Bothe-Napa Valley State Park is a state park of California in the United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Katharine Wagner (born May 11, 1964) is an American television personality and Hollywood reporter. She is best known for her 2002\u20132004 stint as the hostess for TV Guide Channel. Early life Wagner was born in Los Angeles, California. Her parents are actress Marion Marshall and actor Robert Wagner, who divorced in 1971. On her mother's side she has two older half-brothers, Joshua Donen and Peter Donen. On her father's side, she has a younger half-sister, Courtney Wagner. She has a stepsister, Natasha Gregson Wagner, from her father's marriage to Natalie Wood. Her stepmother is Jill St. John. Wood was her stepmother from July 1972 until her death on November 29, 1981. Wagner graduated from Beverly Hills High School in 1982 and attended Santa Barbara City College for a semester. After dropping out of college, she dabbled in modeling, which allowed her to live in Tokyo and London. She received a\n\nWilliam Lavier Killefer (October 10, 1887 \u2013 July 3, 1960), nicknamed \"Reindeer Bill\" was an American professional baseball player, coach and manager. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher for the St. Louis Browns, Philadelphia Phillies, and Chicago Cubs. Killefer, who was nicknamed \"Reindeer Bill\" due to his speed afoot, is notable for being the favorite catcher of Hall of Fame pitcher Grover Cleveland Alexander and, for being one of the top defensive catchers of his era. After his playing career, he continued to work as a coach and a manager for a Major League Baseball career that spanned a total of 48 years. Major League career Killefer made his major league debut at the age of 21 with the St. Louis Browns on September 13, 1909. After the 1910 season in which the Browns finished in last place, Killefer was released to the Buffalo Bisons of the\n\nThe following is a list of National Register of Historic Places listings in Lapeer County, Michigan. Lapeer County was founded in 1822 and has a current estimated population of almost 90,000. It is officially listed as part of Metro Detroit with Lapeer as a county seat. The county currently contains 24 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places. All 24 of these sites are also listed as Michigan State Historic Sites, in which the county contains 43 such state listed properties. The listings on the National Register include 15 houses, four historic districts, one former train station, former courthouse, a bank, a mill, and the restricted Younge Site. The Warren Perry house has since been moved from its original location. The city of Lapeer has the most listings with 13. Current listings |} See also List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Lapeer County, Michigan National Register of\n\nQuestion: Tell me what National Register of Historic Places listings in Lapeer County, Michigan is.", "output": "The following is a list of National Register of Historic Places listings in Lapeer County, Michigan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sindhu Kingdom or simply Sindhu was an ancient kingdom on the Indian subcontinent. It stretched the banks of river Sindhu (Indus). It was mentioned in the epic Mahabharata and in the Harivamsa Purana, often alongside the Sauvira Kingdom. It is believed that Sindhu kingdom was founded by Vrishadarbha, one of sons of Sivi. According to the Glimpses of Ancient Sindh, authored by Mirchandani, its capital was known as Vrsadarbhpura, and Tulsianis, later known as Sindhu, was located at or near the location of the present town of Mithankot (in southern Punjab, Pakistan) the inhabitants of the kingdoms were called Sindhus or Saindhavas. \"Sindhu\" literally means \"river\" and \"sea\". According to the epic Mahabharata, Jayadratha (the husband of Duryodhana's sister) was the king of Sindhus, Sauviras and Sivis. Probably Sauvira and Sivi were two kingdoms close to the Sindhu kingdom and Jayadratha conquered them, holding them for some period of time.\n\nWychert or witchert (with a number of variant spellings existing and meaning \"white earth\") is a natural blend of white chalk and clay which is mixed with straw to make walls and buildings, usually then thatched or topped with red clay tiles. This historic method of building construction is localised to Haddenham and the surrounding local area in Buckinghamshire. One of the largest known wychert structures is Haddenham Methodist Church. The method of building with wychert is similar to that of a cob building. To maintain the rigid nature of wychert it must not become too dry for risk of crumbling, nor too wet for risk of turning to a slime. Keeping wychert well ventilated and not subject to excess condensation is therefore highly recommended. Any render applied to a wychert wall must therefore be of a breathable material \u2014 rendering wychert walls with a lime based render is therefore\n\nA search engine is a software system that finds web pages that match a web search. They search the World Wide Web in a systematic way for particular information specified in a textual web search query. The search results are generally presented in a line of results, often referred to as search engine results pages (SERPs). The information may be a mix of hyperlinks to web pages, images, videos, infographics, articles, and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Unlike web directories and social bookmarking sites, which are maintained by human editors, search engines also maintain real-time information by running an algorithm on a web crawler. Any internet-based content that cannot be indexed and searched by a web search engine falls under the category of deep web. History Pre-1990s A system for locating published information intended to overcome the ever-increasing difficulty\n\nQuestion: What is Wychert?", "output": "Wychert or witchert is a natural blend of white chalk and clay which is mixed with straw to make walls and buildings, usually then thatched or topped with red clay tiles."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A disjunctive sequence is an infinite sequence (over a finite alphabet of characters) in which every finite string appears as a substring. For instance, the binary Champernowne sequence formed by concatenating all binary strings in shortlex order, clearly contains all the binary strings and so is disjunctive. (The spaces above are not significant and are present solely to make clear the boundaries between strings). The complexity function of a disjunctive sequence S over an alphabet of size k is pS(n) = kn. Any normal sequence (a sequence in which each string of equal length appears with equal frequency) is disjunctive, but the converse is not true. For example, letting 0n denote the string of length n consisting of all 0s, consider the sequence obtained by splicing exponentially long strings of 0s into the shortlex ordering of all binary strings. Most of this sequence consists of long runs of 0s, and\n\nKevin Brian Bishop (born 18 June 1980) is a British actor, comedian and writer. He is best known for his roles as Jim Hawkins in Muppet Treasure Island, Stupid Brian in My Family, and Nigel Norman Fletcher in the 2016 revival of Porridge, and as star of The Kevin Bishop Show, which he co-wrote with Lee Hupfield. Life and career Bishop's first role was in Grange Hill. His second role, at age 16, was as Ben Quayle in Silent Witness. He played Stupid Brian in three episodes of My Family. He starred in Muppet Treasure Island as Jim Hawkins. In 2005, he portrayed the late comedian Dudley Moore onstage in Pete and Dud: Come Again, a drama charting Moore's turbulent relationship with Peter Cook, which debuted at the Assembly Rooms as part of the Edinburgh Fringe before transferring to The Venue in London's West End in March 2006. In August\n\nNo Alternative is an alternative rock compilation album produced by Paul Heck and Chris Mundy that was released in 1993. It was the third compilation put together by the Red Hot Organization, a charity dedicated to raising money for and awareness of AIDS relief. The album features original tracks and cover versions from bands who went on to define the alternative rock scene of the 1990s. It was released with two different versions of album art: the standard version depicting a boy (without the Nirvana song listed on the back and liner notes), and the alternate version depicting a girl (some with and some without the Nirvana song listed on the back and liner notes). A television special hosted by MTV and a VHS home video release featured live performances, music videos, and information about AIDS. On 20 April 2013, as part of the annual internationally celebrated Record Store Day,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what No Alternative is.", "output": "No Alternative is an alternative rock compilation album produced by Paul Heck and Chris Mundy that was released in 1993."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kenwick was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1989 to 1996 and again from 2005 to 2008. Both incarnations of the district were based in the south-eastern suburbs of Perth and were safe for the Labor Party. History Kenwick was first contested at the 1989 state election. The seat was won by Labor candidate Judyth Watson. It was abolished two terms later and Watson unsuccessfully contested the new seat of Southern River at the 1996 state election. A new seat called Kenwick was created for the 2005 state election. The new district was created from territory formerly belonging to Belmont, Southern River, Roleystone and Thornlie; the latter two of which were abolished. Kenwick was itself abolished one term later, ahead of the 2008 state election. Its member for that term was Labor MP Sheila McHale, formerly the member for Thornlie. At\n\nDragon Records is a Swedish record company and label established in 1975 by journalist Lars Westin (born 1948) and pianist Jan Wallgren (1935-1996). It concentrates on Swedish jazz. As of 2002, the company was run by Westin. Dragon has issued several hundred albums by Swedish jazz musicians, both historic and contemporary recordings, and aural documentation of visits to Sweden by American musicians, among others including Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, Thelonious Monk and Lee Konitz. The label has issued a series of CDs by Lars Gullin featuring much of his recordings from the 1950s (at present, January 2018, eleven volumes have been released). It also released a four-CD set of visits by Miles Davis with John Coltrane and Sonny Stitt in 1960 and 1961. The company should not be confused with a different company that released Sisq\u00f3's albums in mid-1999 to 2002. In the movie Jerry Maguire, the concert referred to\n\nJames Nicolas Luchey (born James Nicolas Williams March 30, 1977) is a former American football fullback in the National Football League (NFL). Luchey was drafted in the fifth round of the 1999 NFL Draft (135th overall) by the Cincinnati Bengals out of the University of Miami. He played high school football at Harrison High School in Farmington Hills, Michigan, where he won two state football championships (1993 and 1994) before graduating in 1995. He entered the NFL using the name Nick Williams but changed his surname to Luchey in August 2002 to honor his father and grandfather. Career Cincinnati Bengals (1999\u20132002, 2005) Green Bay Packers (2003\u20132004) Baltimore Ravens (2006) References External links Nick Luchey - NFL Career Statistics from NFL.com Nick Luchey on NFLPlayers.com - Invalid Link (February 25, 2009). 1977 births Living people Sportspeople from Royal Oak, Michigan Players of American football from Oakland County, Michigan American football fullbacks\n\nQuestion: Who was Dragon Records?", "output": "Dragon Records is a Swedish record company and label established in 1975 by journalist Lars Westin and pianist Jan Wallgren."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Guerillas in tha Mist is the debut studio album by American hip hop group Da Lench Mob, who originally appeared on Ice Cube's debut solo album, AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted. The titular \"Guerillas in tha Mist\" was a hit at the release of the album. The album was produced by Ice Cube, who is also featured throughout the album though uncredited. The album peaked at number 24 on the Billboard 200, number 4 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, and was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America on December 18, 1992, indicating US sales of over 500,000 units. The single \"Freedom Got an A.K.\" peaked at number 7 on the Hot Rap Songs. The album title is a pun on the popular movie title Gorillas in the Mist and guerrilla warfare. In the post-Los Angeles riot atmosphere of the album's release, the title was also perceived as a clever\n\nNathan Blake (born 27 January 1972) is a Welsh former professional footballer, pundit and television presenter. He notably played in the Premier League for Sheffield United, Bolton Wanderers, Blackburn Rovers and Wolverhampton Wanderers. He also played in the Football League for Cardiff City, Leicester City and Leeds United before retiring with non-league side Newport County. He was capped 30 times by Wales, scoring four goals. He has previously been capped at U21 and B team level. He was relegated from the Premier League on a joint record of five occasions (with Hermann Hrei\u00f0arsson). Blake is also one of the most promoted players to the Premier League with three promotions. Following retirement, Blake has worked for Wales Online reporting on Cardiff City, BBC Wales, BBC 5 Live, and Sky Sports. In October 2020 he presented a programme on BBC Wales titled Wales' Black Miners. Early life Blake was born in Cardiff\n\nWilliam Peters Hepburn (November 4, 1833 \u2013 February 7, 1916) was an American Civil War officer and an eleven-term Republican congressman from Iowa's now-obsolete 8th congressional district, serving from 1881 to 1887, and from 1893 to 1909. According to historian Edmund Morris, \"Hepburn was the House's best debater, admired for his strength of character and legal acumen.\" As chair of one of the most powerful committees in Congress, he guided or sponsored many statutes regulating businesses, including most notably the Hepburn Act of 1906. The Hepburn Act authorized the U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission to require railroads to charge \"just and reasonable\" rates. Background Hepburn was born in Wellsville, Ohio and raised from the age of seven in Iowa City, Iowa. His schooling was limited to a few months in an Iowa City academy. The great-grandson of Revolutionary War officer, printer, and congressman Matthew Lyon, and the great-great-grandson of Thomas Chittenden,\n\nQuestion: What's William P. Hepburn?", "output": "William Peters Hepburn was an American Civil War officer and an eleven-term Republican congressman from Iowa's now-obsolete 8th congressional district, serving from 1881 to 1887, and from 1893 to 1909."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Peltosaurus is an extinct genus of anguid lizard from North America that lived from the Eocene to the Oligocene. Peltosaurus belongs to the anguid subfamily Glyptosaurinae. The type species Peltosaurus granulosus was named in 1873 by American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope. Many additional species have been named, but most have been reassigned to different genera. For example, Peltosaurus piger, named in 1928, was reclassified as Odaxosaurus piger, and P. jepseni, named in 1942 from the Paleocene of Wyoming, but was later reclassified as Proxestops jepseni. In 1955 a new species, Peltosaurus macrodon, was named from the Eocene of California. Lizard bones from the Late Miocene of Nebraska were attributed to a new species of Peltosaurus called P. minimus in 1976, extending the fossil range of Peltosaurus and Glyptosaurinae into the Neogene. However, these bones were later referred to a genus of skinks called Eumeces, meaning that the fossil range of\n\nEdward Tuck (August 24, 1842 \u2013 April 30, 1938) was an American banker, diplomat, and philanthropist. He is known for funding the establishment of the Tuck School of Business at his alma mater, Dartmouth College. The son of Amos Tuck, a founder of the Republican Party, Edward Tuck served as the Vice Consul in Paris, and grew his fortune as a partner of the banking firm . Early life Tuck was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, on August 24, 1842. He was the son of Sarah Ann Nudd (1810\u20131847) and political figure Amos Tuck (1810\u20131879). His half-sister was Ellen Tuck French (1838\u20131915), who was married to Francis Ormond French, President of the Manhattan Trust Company. Tuck was educated at Philips Exeter Academy and Dartmouth College, where he roomed with future College president William Jewett Tucker and was a member of Psi Upsilon fraternity. Career He began his career in 1864,\n\nGraham Alexander (born 10 October 1971) is a professional football manager and former player who was most recently the head coach of club Milton Keynes Dons. In a lengthy playing career, Alexander represented Scunthorpe United, Luton Town, Preston North End and Burnley. He also made 40 international appearances for Scotland. For most of his career, Alexander played as a specialist at right-back, but was also deployed in defensive midfield early on in his career with Scunthorpe. He is the fourth oldest player to score in Premier League history. He was also a penalty kick specialist. On 16 April 2011, in Burnley's win over Swansea City in a Championship match, Alexander became only the second outfield player in English football history to have made 1,000 professional appearances, after Tony Ford. He is third on the list of footballers in England by number of league appearances. Alexander was appointed manager of Fleetwood\n\nQuestion: Who is Graham Alexander", "output": "Graham Alexander is a professional football manager and former player who was most recently the head coach of  club Milton Keynes Dons."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Anthony Matteo (born March 21, 1959) is an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, \"Hitman\" Tony Stetson. He is best known for his time in Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) during the 1990s. Stetson was one of ECW's initial stars, appearing at the company's first event in 1992. He quickly rose to success as a tag team competitor, winning the promotion's Tag Team Championship twice while also achieving singles success by winning the Pennsylvania Heavyweight Championship during his career. He later joined Raven's Nest and adopted a character called The Broad Street Bully. Early life Matteo grew up on the corner of at South 11th Street and West Ritner Street in South Philadelphia. He attended Saint John Neumann High School. Professional wrestling career Early career Matteo trained as a professional wrestler at Larry Sharpe's Monster Factory in Burlington County. Stetson would eventually debut in 1985 facing fellow Monster\n\nJulian Kevin Joachim (born 20 September 1974) is an English former professional footballer who played as a forward. He is an advisor at Europa Point in the Gibraltar National League. During his professional career he initially played from 1992 until 2011, but he came out of retirement in 2013. Joachim notably played in the Premier League for Leicester City and Aston Villa, having also played in the Football League for Coventry City, Leeds United, Walsall, Boston United and Darlington and was capped nine times by England U21, scoring one goal. Over the course of his career in professional football, he scored over 100 league goals and accumulated over 450 league appearances and played in the 2000 FA Cup final. Since 2008 he has been a non-league football journeyman and has played for King's Lynn, Thurmaston Town, Quorn, Hinckley United, Holbeach United, Coalville Town, Oadby Town, Shepshed Dynamo, Holwell Sports, Newark\n\nThe Dinsmore Bridge is a crossing over the middle arm of the Fraser River, and a former section of River Rd., in Metro Vancouver. History Dinsmore Island In the 1870s, John Brough, who acquired this island adjacent to Sea Island, built a small house and farmed what became Brough Island. Hugh Boyd purchased the 210-acre property, but resold to John Errington, who dyked and drained the land in the 1880s. The Goodmurphy cannery, which opened in 1894, was incorporated the following year as the Dinsmore Island Canning Co. by John Dinsmore, M.B. Wilkinson, W.D. Goodmurphy, and Caleb Goodmurphy. The cannery presence renamed the location to Dinsmore Island. In the early 1900s, BC Packers acquired the cannery along with many others along the arms of the Fraser. The plant was demolished in 1913. In 1920, Bob Doherty purchased Dinsmore Island and Pheasant Island in a tax sale. Clearing the neglected land,\n\nQuestion: Who is Tony Stetson", "output": "Anthony Matteo is an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, \"Hitman\" Tony Stetson."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Shawnee Mission South High School is a high school located in Overland Park, Kansas, United States, serving students in grades 9-12. The school is one of several public high schools located within Shawnee Mission and operated by Shawnee Mission USD 512 school district. The school colors are green and gold and the school mascot is the Raider. The average annual enrollment is approximately 1,600 students. The school newspaper is called The Patriot. History Shawnee Mission South High School was established in 1966. The school's mascot was chosen by the first graduating class of 1967. The Raider was chosen as a mascot because of the popular band Paul Revere & the Raiders. Throughout its history, Shawnee Mission South has hosted several prominent concerts. The Who played a concert with The Buckinghams at Shawnee Mission South on November 17, 1967. The concert was performed in the gymnasium that currently still stands. The\n\nErgo Proxy is a Japanese cyberpunk anime television series, produced by Manglobe, directed by Sh\u016bk\u014d Murase and written by Dai Sat\u014d. The series ran for 23 episodes from February to August 2006 on the Wowow satellite network. It is set in a post-apocalyptic future where humans and AutoReiv androids coexist peacefully until a virus gives the androids self-awareness, causing them to commit a series of murders. Inspector Re-L Mayer is assigned to investigate, discovering a more complicated plot behind it that involves a humanoid species known as \"Proxy\" who are the subject of secret government experiments. The series, which is heavily influenced by philosophy and Gnosticism, features a combination of 2D digital cel animation, 3D computer modeling, and digital special effects. After its release in Japan, the anime was licensed for a DVD release by Geneon Entertainment, with a subsequent television broadcast on Fuse in the United States. The show\n\nCaroline Jack (born 29 July 1978 in Port Elizabeth) is a field hockey goalkeeper from South Africa, who represented her native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. There the women's national team finished in ninth position. Jack's hometown is Grahamstown. Her maiden name is Birt and therefore she is nicknamed Birty. She plays for a provincial team called Southern Gauteng. Her international debut for South Africa was in 1998, during the Africa Cup in Harare. International Senior tournaments 2002 \u2013 Champions Challenge, Johannesburg 2002 \u2013 Commonwealth Games, Manchester 2002 \u2013 World Cup, Perth 2003 \u2013 All Africa Games, Abuja 2003 \u2013 Afro-Asian Games, India 2004 \u2013 Olympic Games, Athens 2005 \u2013 Champions Challenge, Virginia Beach 2006 \u2013 Commonwealth Games, Melbourne 2006 \u2013 World Cup, Madrid, Spain References External links 1978 births Living people South African female field hockey players Female field hockey goalkeepers Olympic field hockey players for\n\nQuestion: What's Shawnee Mission South High School?", "output": "Shawnee Mission South High School is a high school located in Overland Park, Kansas, United States, serving students in grades 9-12."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "M\u00edrz\u00e1 \u02bbAl\u00ed-Mu\u1e25ammad-i-K\u035fhur\u00e1s\u00e1n\u00ed (; died 1928), known as Ibn-i-A\u1e63daq, was an eminent follower of Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h, the founder of the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed Faith. He was appointed a Hand of the Cause and identified as one of the nineteen Apostles of Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h. Ibn-i-Asdaq was addressed by Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h as Shah\u00edd Ibn-i-Shah\u00edd (Martyr, son of the Martyr). He was the son of a distinguished martyr of the B\u00e1b\u00ed movement, and himself requested several times to give his life up for the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed Cause. The response by Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h was, \"Today, the greatest of all deeds is service to the Cause... This martyrdom is not confined to the destruction of life and the shedding of blood. A person enjoying the bounty of life may yet be recorded a martyr...\" (Eminent Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00eds, p. 172). In 1920, Ibn-i-Asdaq and Ahmad Yazdani, brought the Tablet to The Hague from \u02bbAbdu'l-Bah\u00e1 to the Central Organisation for Durable Peace in The Hague. Ironically,\n\nStaring is a prolonged gaze or fixed look. In staring, one subject or person is the continual focus of visual interest, for an amount of time. Staring can be interpreted as being either hostile like disapproval of another's behavior, or the result of intense concentration, interest or affection. Staring behavior can be considered as a form of aggression like when it is an invasion of an individual's privacy in certain contexts, or as a nonverbal cue to convey feelings of attraction in a social setting. The resultant behavior or action defines whether it is aggressive in nature (e.g. leering that results in street harassment), passive or active expression of attraction, etc. However, to some extent staring often occurs accidentally, and often a person would be simply staring into a space for awareness, or could be lost in thought, stupefied, or be unable to see. As such, the meaning of a\n\nChina (), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's second-most-populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, tied with Russia as having the most of any country in the world. With an area of nearly , it is the world's third-largest country by total land area. The country is divided into 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two semi-autonomous special administrative regions. The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and largest financial center is Shanghai. The region that is now China has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era. The earliest Chinese dynastic states, such as the Shang and the Zhou, emerged in the basin of the Yellow River before the late second millennium BCE. The eighth to third centuries BCE saw\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Ibn-i-Asdaq.", "output": "M\u00edrz\u00e1 \u02bbAl\u00ed-Mu\u1e25ammad-i-K\u035fhur\u00e1s\u00e1n\u00ed, known as Ibn-i-A\u1e63daq, was an eminent follower of Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h, the founder of the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed Faith."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Make Death Love Me (1979) is a psychological crime novel by English author Ruth Rendell, regarded by some as one of her bleakest and most powerful stories. The novel was shortlisted for an Edgar and won Sweden's prestigious Martin Beck Award. Summary Alan Groombridge, forty-ish, manages a tiny sub-branch of the Anglian-Victorian Bank in the fictional Suffolk town of Childon, assisted only by a young cashier, Joyce Culver. His humdrum, suburban life (a loveless marriage, two charmless, selfish children - an adult son and teenage daughter - an obnoxious father-in-law living with them and a vapid social life) is at odds with an imagined fantasy existence, inspired by his reading. \"He had come late in life to the heady intoxication of literature and it had poisoned him for what he had... He became discontented with his lot... Unless all these authors were liars, there was an inner life and an\n\nSutton-in-Craven is a village, electoral ward and (as just Sutton) a civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England that is situated in the Aire Valley between Skipton and Keighley. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, in 2001 the population was 3,480, increasing to 3,714 at the Census 2011. The village is adjacent to Glusburn and Cross Hills, but although these three effectively form a small town, Sutton village maintains its distinct identity. History The village existed before 1086 as \"Sutun\": listed in the Domesday Book. The landowner then was Ravenkeld who was taxed on 240 acres (100 hectares) of ploughland. But lands were then given by the Norman crown to its compatriots: Robert de Romille followed by Edmund de Boyvill and then Adam de Copley. In the 14th century, the village was known as Sutton-in-Ayrdale but became Sutton-in-Craven in 1620. In the late 17th century\n\nClasmodosaurus (meaning \"fragmentary tooth reptile\") is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Bajo Barreal Formation. It lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now Argentina. It is known only from three fossilized teeth, and is therefore a tooth taxon. It is a nomen dubium. The type species, Clasmodosaurus spatula, was described by Argentine paleontologist Florentino Ameghino in 1898. For a long time, these teeth were thought to belong to a theropod. The teeth of Clasmodosaurus spatula were polygonal in cross section rather than round, an unusual trait also found in the titanosaur Bonitasaura salgadoi. History Clasmodosaurus was named by Florentino Ameghino in 1898, but remained largely unknown for decades after its discovery. It was originally considered a sauropod, but Friedrich von Huene suggested that it could be a coelurosaur or synonymous with Loncosaurus, which he considered to be a carnosaur. Like Loncosaurus, its taxonomy remained unclear with\n\nQuestion: What is Make Death Love Me?", "output": "Make Death Love Me is a psychological crime novel by English author Ruth Rendell, regarded by some as one of her bleakest and most powerful stories."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Walter Weller (30 November 1939 \u2013 14 June 2015) was an Austrian-born conductor and classical violinist. He made several recordings over the years, founded his own string quartet. and led/co-led several well known orchestras and operas. Weller won multiple awards throughout his lifetime. Life Weller was born in Vienna, Austria, where he began taking violin lessons at the age of six. He went on to study at the Vienna Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik and first gained renown as a prodigy on the violin. His father, also named Walter Weller, was a violinist in the Vienna Philharmonic. At age 17, Weller became a member of both the Vienna Philharmonic and the Vienna State Opera Orchestras. In 1961, at age 22, he became joint concertmaster of the Vienna Philharmonic with Willi Boskovsky, and remained in this post for 11 years. While leading the orchestra, Weller also established and led his own string quartet,\n\nTricholoma is a genus of fungus that contains many fairly fleshy white-spored gilled mushrooms which are found worldwide generally growing in woodlands. These are ectomycorrhizal fungi, existing in a symbiotic relationship with various species of coniferous or broad-leaved trees. The generic name derives from and although only a few species (such as T. vaccinum) have shaggy caps which fit this description. The most sought out species are the East Asian Tricholoma matsutake, also known as matsutake or songi, and the North American Tricholoma magnivelare species complex, also known as \"ponderosa mushroom\", \"American matsutake\", or \"pine mushroom\". Others are safe to eat, such as Tricholoma terreum, but there are a few poisonous members, such as T. pardinum, T. tigrinum and T. equestre. Many species originally described within Tricholoma have since been moved to other genera. These include the Wood blewit (Clitocybe nuda), previously Tricholoma nudum, blewit (Clitocybe saeva), previously Tricholoma personatum,\n\nAberdeenshire (; ) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It takes its name from the County of Aberdeen, which has substantially different boundaries. The Aberdeenshire Council area includes all of the area of the historic counties of Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire (except the area making up Aberdeen City council area), as well as part of Banffshire. The county boundaries are officially used for a few purposes, namely land registration and lieutenancy. Aberdeenshire Council is headquartered at Woodhill House, in Aberdeen, making it the only Scottish council whose headquarters are located outside its jurisdiction. Aberdeen itself forms a different council area (Aberdeen City). Aberdeenshire borders onto Angus and Perth and Kinross to the south, Highland and Moray to the west and Aberdeen City to the east. Traditionally, it has depended economically on the primary sector (agriculture, fishing, and forestry) and related processing industries. Over the last 40 years, the\n\nQuestion: What's Aberdeenshire?", "output": "Aberdeenshire is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dunragit () is a village on the A75, between Stranraer and Glenluce in Dumfries and Galloway, south-west Scotland. Dunragit is within the parish of Old Luce, in the traditional county of Wigtownshire. The modern village grew up around the west gate of Dunragit House, an 18th-century country house, though there is evidence of Neolithic settlement in the area. Toponymy The place-name Dunragit is said to derive from Din Rheged meaning \"Fort of Rheged\", referring to the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged which existed in northern Britain between the 5th and 8th centuries. RE Dunragit monument complex Between 1999 and 2002, archeological excavations have explored the Dunragit area, and a complex of Neolithic monuments has been uncovered. Nothing can now be seen above ground, but aerial photography and excavation has revealed an early Neolithic cursus monument, and the remains of three later Neolithic concentric timber circles, dating to around 2500 BC; the\n\nJoseph Magliano (September 29, 1967 \u2013 October 15, 2006), better known by the ring name \"Jumping\" Joey Maggs, was an American professional wrestler. He was best known for his appearances with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) from 1991 to 1998. Professional wrestling career Early career (1987\u20131990) In 1987, Magliano made his professional debut in Deep South Wrestling (later Southern Championship Wrestling), eventually winning the promotion's Southern Heavyweight Championship twice. Under the ring names Magnificent Magliano and \"Hotshot\" Joey Knight, and while teaming with Ricky Lawless as The Heavy Metal Connection, Magliano competed for promotions in Mississippi and Louisiana before eventually finding success in the Memphis-based United States Wrestling Association during the early 1990s. United States Wrestling Association (1990\u20131991) Making his debut in mid-1990, Magliano scored victories over John Tatum and Ken Wayne, before teaming with Rex King to win the USWA Tag Team Titles from the Dirty White Boys (Tony Anthony\n\nBeverly Waugh (1789\u20131858) was an American who was a Methodist pastor, book agent, and Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, elected in 1836. Birth and early years Waugh was born on October 28, 1789, in Fairfax County, Virginia, the son of a veteran of the American Revolutionary War. At the age of fifteen, he was converted to the Christian faith and became a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Alexandria, Virginia. It is believed that he was employed as a clerk in a government office or in business for three or four years, given the excellent penmanship and accuracy of his accounts throughout his life. From the time he was eighteen until shortly before his death, he kept a journal which, in the end, amounted to several manuscript volumes. Ordained ministry In 1809, aged 20, Waugh entered the itinerant ministry of the Baltimore Annual Conference. After three years he\n\nQuestion: Who is Beverly Waugh?", "output": "Beverly Waugh was an American who was a Methodist pastor, book agent, and Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, elected in 1836."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Malabar rites is a conventional term for certain customs or practices of the natives of South India, which the Jesuit missionaries allowed their Indian neophytes to retain after conversion but which were afterwards prohibited by Rome. The missions concerned are not those of the coast of southwestern India, to which the name Malabar coast properly belongs, but rather those of nearby inner South India, especially those of the former Hindu \"kingdoms\" of Madurai, Mysore and the Carnatic. Origins The question of Malabar Rites originated in the method followed by the Jesuit mission, since the beginning of the seventeenth century, in evangelizing those countries. The prominent feature of that method was an accommodation to the manners and customs of the people to be converted. Enemies of the Jesuits claim that, in Madura, Mysore and the Karnatic, the Jesuits either accepted for themselves or permitted to their neophytes such practices as they\n\nThe Turkish Red Crescent () is the Turkish affiliate of the International Red Crescent and the first worldwide adopter of the crescent symbol for humanitarian aid. Being the largest humanitarian foundation in Turkey, its roots goes back to the Crimean War from 1853 to 1856 and the Russo-Turkish War from 1876 to 1878, where disease overshadowed battle as the main cause of death and suffering among Turkish soldiers. Operating to this day as a not-for-profit volunteer-based social service, it is considered one of the most important charity organizations in the Muslim world. History The organization was founded under the Ottoman Empire on 11 June 1868 and was named \"Hil\u00e2l-i Ahmer Cemiyeti\" (Society of the Crimson Crescent), or in French the \"Croissant-Rouge Ottomane\" (Ottoman Red Crescent). It later took on the names: \"Ottoman Red Crescent Society\" in 1877 \"Turkey\u2019s Red Crescent Community\" in 1923 \"Turkish Red Crescent Community\" in 1935 \"Turkish\n\nLearning to Lie () is a German film released in 2003. It is based on the novel of Frank Goosen from the year 2000. Plot Beginning in West Germany in 1982, 18-year-old school boy Helmut falls in love with fellow pupil Britta. He starts working for a Peace movement to get to know Britta. Britta, however, suddenly moves to San Francisco to live with her father and whilst there, finds a new boyfriend. Helmut studies literature and politics in his home town and has a relationship with another girl from his former school, now studying medicine on the same university but they break up after having an affair with her roommate. Helmut begins a lot of short affairs with different women but still searches for his first girl. Years later, in 1989, the Berlin wall falls and the Cold war ends. Helmut is lying in his girlfriend's bed when his\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Learning to Lie is.", "output": "Learning to Lie is a German film released in 2003."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Thomas Wyllie Howie, JP (8 April 1856 \u2013 18 July 1927) was a Scottish captain of industry. Background Howie was born in Riccarton, Ayrshire, on 8 April 1856, to Robert and Bethia (Wyllie) Howie, into a wealthy industrial family who had been active in the Covenanting movement. He was born at the family home, Newhouse, an estate house nearby the fireclay mine which the family owned. There he was brought up alongside his cousin, who would become the mining magnate John Howie. The house is now a residential care home. Howie's father, Robert, died at the Crichton Institution in Dumfries, a private lunatic hospital, when Thomas was 27. Career He and his wife settled in Falkirk where he became a partner in Campbell & Co Fireclay Works and coal mine, Roughcastle. He later became owner of the business. Previous to settling in Falkirk the Howie family lived in Hurlford, where\n\nThe sphenoid sinus is a paired paranasal sinus occurring within the body of the sphenoid bone. It represents one pair of the four paired paranasal sinuses. The pair of sphenoid sinuses are separated in the middle by a septum of sphenoid sinuses. Each sphenoid sinus communicates with the nasal cavity via the opening of sphenoidal sinus. The two sphenoid sinuses vary in size and shape, and are usually asymmetrical. Anatomy On average, a sphenoid sinus measures 2.2 cm vertical height, 2 cm in transverse breadth; and 2.2 cm antero-posterior depth. Each spehoid sinus is contained within the body of sphenoid bone, being situated just inferior to the sella turcica. The two sphenoid sinuses are separated medially by the septum of sphenoidal sinuses (which is usually asymmetrical). An opening of sphenoidal sinus forms a passage between each sphenoidal sinus, and the nasal cavity. Posteriorly, an opening of sphenoidal sinus opens into\n\nGunter Jahn (27 September 1910 \u2013 12 April 1992) was German U-boat commander during World War II. He was born in Hamburg, Germany and began his naval career in April 1931 as a Seekadett. He first served on the light cruiser N\u00fcrnberg for more than two years, including nine patrols in the first year of the war. In March 1941 Jahn joined the U-boat force and his first patrol were on board in September 1941. Later in November he commissioned . On his second patrol he broke through the Strait of Gibraltar and went on to become one of the most successful U-boat commanders in the Mediterranean Sea. In July 1943 he left the boat and became the commander of the 29th U-boat Flotilla. In September 1944 he fell into French captivity, where he spent nearly two years. Awards Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class (2 October 1936) Iron Cross\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Sphenoid sinus is.", "output": "The sphenoid sinus is a paired paranasal sinus occurring within the body of the sphenoid bone."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Antonio Vandini (1691 \u2013 1778), a close friend of Giuseppe Tartini, was a cellist and composer. He was one of the foremost virtuoso performers of his era and spent the vast majority of his career as the first violoncellist of the \u2033Veneranda Arca\u2033 at the Basilica del Santo in Padua, where Tartini was first violinist and concertmaster. Upon the death of Tartini, he returned to Bologna, the city of his birth, where he died in 1778. Career Vandini was born in 1691 in Bologna, though next to nothing is known about his early life or musical training. His first documented playing position is at the church of Santa Maria Maggiore in Bergamo which he obtained in April of 1720. Concurrently he was also Maestro di violoncello at the Ospedale della Piet\u00e0 in Venice. During this period he was almost certainly performing extensively throughout northern Italy. In June of 1721 he\n\nThe Folk Sampler was a nationally syndicated show, produced and hosted by Mike Flynn, that showcased folk, blues, and bluegrass music both modern and old. History Originating as a 15-minute program at WMBI in Chicago by host Mike Flynn, it only aired for 13 episodes. After taking a job in Tulsa, Oklahoma, Flynn began broadcasting another early version of The Folk Sampler, from first KBEZ then at KRAV. This incarnation ended following Flynn's graduation. After moving to Siloam Springs, Arkansas, he began broadcasting the now hour-long program in 1978. In 1982 the program became syndicated initially through American Public Radio then through NPR. Each week's show has a theme which all songs featured fit into either by release date or actual song theme. It is reported that he spends 15\u201320 hours a week preparing each show. Host Flynn grew up in sparsely populated rural Kansas. He studied broadcasting at the\n\nCherryville is an unincorporated community in the foothills of the Monashee Mountains in British Columbia with a population of approximately 930. It is located east of Lumby, along Highway 6. The small community of Cherryville was an old gold mining camp founded in the 1860s by prospectors from the California Gold Rush who had come north to the British Columbia gold rushes. Between 1863 and 1895, the original town that is now known as Cherryville was a small mining camp located within the canyon walls of Cherry Creek. Its population was 100 people, half of which were Chinese miners. With more and more miners heading into Cherry Creek area, a road was built from Lumby in 1877, through Blue Springs Valley, attracting new families to the area. The community was known by the post office name of Cherry Creek, then Hilton. It was officially named Cherryville in 1919, after the\n\nQuestion: Who is Antonio Vandini", "output": "Antonio Vandini, a close friend of Giuseppe Tartini, was a cellist and composer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Cogan syndrome (also Cogan's syndrome) is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent inflammation of the front of the eye (the cornea) and often fever, fatigue, and weight loss, episodes of vertigo (dizziness), tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and hearing loss. It can lead to deafness or blindness if untreated. The classic form of the disease was first described by D. G. Cogan in 1945. Signs and symptoms Cogan syndrome is a rare, rheumatic disease characterized by inflammation of the ears and eyes. Cogan syndrome can lead to vision difficulty, hearing loss and dizziness. The condition may also be associated with blood-vessel inflammation (called vasculitis) in other areas of the body that can cause major organ damage in 15% of those affected or, in a small number of cases, even death. It most commonly occurs in a person's 20s or 30s. The cause is not known. However, one theory is that\n\nHawksong is the first in a five book series of young adult fantasy shapeshifter novels called The Kiesha'ra Series. It was written by Amelia Atwater-Rhodes and published in 2003 when the author was 19. Hawksong is Atwater-Rhodes' most critically successful novel to date. Narrated by Danica Shardae, heir to the Tuuli Thea. During this first book in the Keisha'ra series, Danica is 16. Danica's tentative marriage to Zane Cobriana ends the thousands of years of warring between their people. The title refers to a lullaby that Danica sings to Zane's younger brother Gregory at the beginning of the book, while the boy is dying on the battlefield. Plot summary The book centers on two different kinds of shapeshifters: the avians and the serpiente. The avians have birds for second forms and their royal line consists of golden hawks. Their leader is the Tuuli Thea, or queen. The queen's pair bond\n\nDebris flows are geological phenomena in which water-laden masses of soil and fragmented rock rush down mountainsides, funnel into stream channels, entrain objects in their paths, and form thick, muddy deposits on valley floors. They generally have bulk densities comparable to those of rock avalanches and other types of landslides (roughly 2000 kilograms per cubic meter), but owing to widespread sediment liquefaction caused by high pore-fluid pressures, they can flow almost as fluidly as water. Debris flows descending steep channels commonly attain speeds that surpass 10 m/s (36 km/h), although some large flows can reach speeds that are much greater. Debris flows with volumes ranging up to about 100,000 cubic meters occur frequently in mountainous regions worldwide. The largest prehistoric flows have had volumes exceeding 1 billion cubic meters (i.e., 1 cubic kilometer). As a result of their high sediment concentrations and mobility, debris flows can be very destructive. Notable\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Debris flow is.", "output": "Debris flows are geological phenomena in which water-laden masses of soil and fragmented rock rush down mountainsides, funnel into stream channels, entrain objects in their paths, and form thick, muddy deposits on valley floors."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In computer-aided design, Geometric Description Language (GDL) is the programming language of Archicad library parts. GSM is the file format of these CAD objects. Area of usage These objects are similar to blocks in AutoCAD, but unlike blocks, these are parametric, and the 2D and 3D features are connected, so in any view one can get the correct visualization (for example a side view on the section, top view on plan, and perspective in the 3D view). GDL scripts define an Archicad library part in its main roles, these are 3D model, 3D model projected to section/elevation or to 2D plan, 2D plan view, user interface display and behaviour and listing quantities. All versions of the Archicad contain their own default libraries, also objects like furniture, windows, doors, trees, people, cars, construction elements, etc. There are several commercial websites for selling high-detailed intelligent parametric objects, which are perhaps better and\n\nSam Ratulangi International Airport Manado () , is located in North Sulawesi, north-east of Manado. The airport is named after the Minahasan educator and independence hero Sam Ratulangi (1890\u20131949). It is designated as one of the 11 main entry ports to Indonesia by the Ministry of Tourism and Culture of Indonesia, and serves as the main gateway to the Bunaken National Marine Park. It is currently the operating base of Lion Air / Wings Air for the north-eastern part of Indonesia, and is one of the focus cities of Garuda Indonesia and Citilink. This airport also serves several international destinations such as Singapore and Japan. History Sam Ratulangi Airport was originally built by the Japanese in 1942, with a runway length of and width of ; it was named Mapanget Airfield. When the Permesta (People's Movement) rebellion occurred, central government troops renamed this airport as Tugiman Airfield to commemorate Sergeant\n\nAuckland Animal Action (AAA) is an animal rights advocacy organisation, based in Auckland, formed in August 1996, by a small group of people seeing the need for a grassroots activist group that promoted direct action against all forms of animal abuse. Since then, AAA has run campaigns against all forms of animal abuse, most notably the Fur Free Auckland campaign. Factory Farming AAA has also been active against factory farming. Actions have included investigations into alleged factory farms, protests outside these farms and campaigns against companies, including Tegel Foods Limited. AAA also promotes and organises the media coverage for investigations carried out by underground groups. In January 2007 AAA received nationwide media coverage for an investigation and release of animals carried out by the Animal Liberation Front. Civil Disobedience In 2003 AAA used Civil Disobedience in their campaign against Harpers Fashion's sale of fur products. Members of AAA chained themselves\n\nQuestion: What is Sam Ratulangi International Airport", "output": "Sam Ratulangi International Airport Manado , is located in North Sulawesi,  north-east of Manado."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Federal Correctional Institution, Dublin (FCI Dublin) is a low-security United States federal prison for female inmates in Dublin, California. The facility also has an adjacent satellite prison camp housing minimum-security female offenders. FCI Dublin is located 20 miles southeast of Oakland on the Parks Reserve Forces Training Area. It is located near Santa Rita Jail, which is operated by Alameda County. In 2021 and 2022, the facility was embroiled in a scandal over a permissive and toxic culture of rampant sexual abuse by staff at the facility. History FCI Dublin opened in 1974. It became an exclusively female prison in 2012 and is one of five federal prisons for women in the United States. Facility and programs The prison's education department offers GED and ESL programs, as well as courses in parenting skills. The prison also provides legal and leisure library services in addition to training in the use\n\nEducation in the Syrian Arab Republic is given the necessary attention and care by the Syrian state, as the Syrian Constitution guarantees the right to education to every citizen, which is compulsory and free at primary level. It is free but not compulsory at the secondary level and higher education is available for a symbolic fee. the primary level includes 3 stages, 1 which include grades 1 to 6, while 2 (middle school)includes grades 7 to 9,and lastly 3 (secondary school) grades 10 to 12 Education is free and compulsory from ages 7 to 15. Arabic is the medium of instruction in the Syrian Arab Republic. English is taught from grade 1, and French or Russian is taught from grade 7 in the basic learning stage as the primary second language. According to the 2007 census, 98 percent of schools in Syria were public (state run), 1.8 percent were private,\n\nThe characteristic rotational temperature ( or ) is commonly used in statistical thermodynamics to simplify the expression of the rotational partition function and the rotational contribution to molecular thermodynamic properties. It has units of temperature and is defined as where is the rotational constant, is a molecular moment of inertia, is the Planck constant, is the speed of light, is the reduced Planck constant and is the Boltzmann constant. The physical meaning of is as an estimate of the temperature at which thermal energy (of the order of ) is comparable to the spacing between rotational energy levels (of the order of ). At about this temperature the population of excited rotational levels becomes important. Some typical values are given in the table. In each case the value refers to the most common isotopic species. References See also Rotational spectroscopy Vibrational temperature Vibrational spectroscopy Infrared spectroscopy Spectroscopy Atomic physics Molecular\n\nQuestion: What's Rotational temperature?", "output": "The characteristic rotational temperature is commonly used in statistical thermodynamics to simplify the expression of the rotational partition function and the rotational contribution to molecular thermodynamic properties."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Acronis Cyber Protect Home Office (previously known as Acronis True Image) is a software package produced by Acronis International GmbH that aims to protect the system from ransomware and allows users to backup and restore files or entire systems from a backup archive, which was previously created using the software. Since 2020, Acronis Cyber Protect Home Office includes malware and Zoom protection (though the ability to use such features depends on the subscription purchased). The software is used by technicians to deploy operating systems to computers and by academics to help restore computers following analysis of how viruses infect computers. Features Backup Acronis can create two types of backup archives: (1) file backups (which consist of user-specified files and directories (but not the metadata of the disk or partition)) and (2) full system images (which consist of files, directories and disk metadata). The software can create full disk backup archives\n\nThe University of Technology of Compi\u00e8gne (, UTC) is a public research university located in Compi\u00e8gne, France. The university has both the status of public university and grande \u00e9cole. It was founded in 1972 as the first experimental Institute of Technology in France. The university is a founding member of Sorbonne University Association, a group composed of French leading academic and research institutions, which alumni and faculty include 19 Nobel laureates and 7 Fields Medalists. A fundamental principle of the UTC is the education of both engineers and citizens inspired by humanist philosophy. Beyond an education in basic sciences (e.g. Mathematics, theoretical physics) and engineering sciences (e.g. thermodynamics, polymer physics), the curriculum also has a strong emphasise on humanities and social sciences (e.g. philosophy, history of science and engineering, journalism). The overarching goal is to form humanist scientists and technologists capable of solving problems within a conscious and ethical framework\n\nWerner Walter Karl Hoeger (born December 15, 1953 in M\u00e9rida) is a former luge athlete who competed for Venezuela at the 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2006 Winter Olympics. His son is Chris Hoeger. He is a professor emeritus (active) of exercise science at Boise State University and author of nine different \"fitness & wellness\" textbooks. He has written a total of 68 editions of these books. He is one of the most widely read fitness and wellness college authors in the United States. He was the first author to write a college-level fitness book to incorporate the wellness concept with the publication of Lifetime Physical Fitness & Wellness: A Personalized Program in 1986 (now in its 16th edition, Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2022). His title Fitness & Wellness (Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2021, 15th edition) is a concise book for introductory courses and for the general public that provides the necessary guidelines to\n\nQuestion: What's Acronis Cyber Protect Home Office?", "output": "Acronis Cyber Protect Home Office is a software package produced by Acronis International GmbH that aims to protect the system from ransomware and allows users to backup and restore files or entire systems from a backup archive, which was previously created using the software."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Michael John Sorich ( , born March 23, 1958) is an American actor, writer and director. Biography Sorich has been a voice actor for many different characters in the Power Rangers franchise (until the end of the Wild Force series), as well as related or similar Saban series such as Masked Rider, VR Troopers, and Big Bad Beetleborgs/Beetleborgs Metallix. Some of his roles included the voices of Squatt in Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, Decimator and Zelton in VR Troopers, Roboborg in Beetleborgs Metallix, and Double Face in Masked Rider. He has also had some on-screen roles, such as Woody Stocker on VR Troopers. Sorich had voice roles in the anime series Bleach. He directed the dubs for Idaten Jump and for Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo. He had also co-directed the ADR for VR Troopers with Scott Page-Pagter and Wendee Lee. Filmography Anime Armitage III - Train Driver Arte - Ubertino Ayakashi Ayashi:\n\nThe Books for the Blind Program is an initiative of the United States National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS) which provides audio recordings of books free of charge to people who are blind or visually impaired. The program has included audio recordings of books since 1934 and digital book efforts began in 1996. History See also National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped In 1931, the United States passed the Pratt-Smoot Act to provide blind adults with access to books. Before audio recordings, books were made available in braille. Beginning with 19 libraries in 1931, the network as of March 2018 was 55 regional libraries, 32 subregional libraries, and 14 advisory and outreach centers serving the United States and its territories. The program was expanded in 1952 to include blind children, in 1962 to include music materials, and in 1966 to include individuals with\n\nChandravati, popularly known as Chandroti, is a village situated near Abu Road on the bank of the West Banas River in the Indian state of Rajasthan. In ancient times it was an extensive town, and present villages such as Dattani, Kiverli, Kharadi and Santpura were its suburbs. The old ruins, such as temples, torans and images scattered over the large area, bear testimony to its past glory. History Archeological excavations suggested that there was a large settlement at the place before the establishment of Chandravati by Paramaras. Chandravati was ruled by the Paramaras of Abu. The first Paramara ruler of the area was Sindhuraja in the early tenth century. Chandravati was the major city in past said to once been eighteen miles in circuit. Its prosperity seems to have lasted from the seventh to the beginning of the fifteenth century. Tradition gives it an earlier origin than Dhar, making it\n\nQuestion: Who was Michael Sorich?", "output": "Michael John Sorich is an American actor, writer and director."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Canada\u2013Caribbean relations are the long established relationships between Canada and the many states of the Caribbean or West Indies. These ties have been on-going throughout the history of both regions. Initially these relations were based on the policies of European colonial powers in the Americas. More recently, both Canada and most of the Caribbean islands have achieved self-government, putting their relations into a different phase. CARICOM diplomats have referred to Canada as a '\"special friend\" of the Caribbean at the regional and bilateral levels.' Ties exist in such plurality of organs such as: the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Organization of American States, ParlAmericas, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization. History New France and the French colonies in the Caribbean enjoyed a flourishing trade in the first part of the eighteenth century, with the fortress of Louisbourg acting as an important trading centre linking\n\nJoseph Juneau () (born January 5, 1968) is a Canadian former professional hockey player and engineer, born in Pont-Rouge, Quebec. He played in the National Hockey League for the Boston Bruins, Washington Capitals, Buffalo Sabres, Ottawa Senators, Phoenix Coyotes and the Montreal Canadiens. Playing career As a youth, Juneau played in the 1979, 1980 and 1981 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournaments with a minor ice hockey team from Pont-Rouge. Originally drafted by the Bruins in the fourth round of the 1988 NHL Entry Draft, Juneau was a star college hockey player at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, where he scored 71 goals in four regular seasons and was a two-time All-American selection. He was well known for having a 4.0 grade point average and earning a degree in just three years in aeronautical engineering, despite the fact that he did not speak English when he first arrived in New York. After college,\n\nRicardo Baliardo (7 August 1921 \u2013 5 November 2014), better known as Manitas de Plata, was a flamenco guitarist of Spanish Gitano descent born in southern France. Despite achieving worldwide fame, he was criticized for not following certain rhythmic rules (comp\u00e1s) that are traditional in flamenco. Life and career Baliardo was born in a gypsy caravan in S\u00e8te, southern France. He became famous by playing each year at the Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer gypsy pilgrimage in the Camargue, where he was recorded live by Deben Bhattacharya. Manitas de Plata (\"Little Hands of Silver\" in Spanish) agreed to play in public only 10 years after the death of Django Reinhardt.. One of his recordings earned him a letter from Jean Cocteau acclaiming him as a creator. Upon hearing him play at Arles in 1964, Pablo Picasso is said to have exclaimed \"that man is of greater worth than I am!\" and proceeded to draw\n\nQuestion: Who was Manitas de Plata?", "output": "Ricardo Baliardo, better known as Manitas de Plata, was a flamenco guitarist of Spanish Gitano descent born in southern France."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ghaz\u0101la (; died 696 AD near Kufa) was a leader of the Kharijite movement. Biography Ghaz\u0101la, born in Mosul, was the wife of Shabib ibn Yazid al-Shaybani. Shabib rebelled against Umayyad rule, and Ghazala was actively at his side. She commanded troops, following in the footsteps of previous Muslim women like Juwayriyya bint al-\u1e24\u0101rith at the Battle of Yarmuk. In one battle, she made the Umayyad governor Hajj\u0101j ibn-Y\u016bsuf flee, and take refuge in his palace in Kufa. As a result, a poem was composed shaming him for posterity: You are a lion against me, but in the battle an ostrich which spreads its wings and hurries off on hearing the chirping of a sparrow. Why did you not go forth in the conflict and fight with Ghazala hand to hand? But no! Your heart fled from you (as if) with the wings of a bird. In 696 AD (77\n\nThe Book of Joel is a Jewish prophetic text containing a series of \"divine announcements\". The first line attributes authorship to \"Joel the son of Pethuel\". It forms part of the Book of the twelve minor prophets or the Nevi'im (\"Prophets\") in the Hebrew Bible, and is a book in its own right in the Christian Old Testament. Joel is not mentioned elsewhere in either collection. Surviving early manuscripts The original text was written in Hebrew language. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this book in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895 CE), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008). Fragments containing parts of this book in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, including 4Q78 (4QXIIc; 75\u201350 BCE) with extant verses 1:10\u201320, 2:1, 2:8\u201323, and 3:6\u201321; and 4Q82 (4QXIIg; 25 BCE) with extant\n\nThe Inkpot Award is an honor bestowed annually since 1974 by Comic-Con International. It is given to professionals in the fields of comic books, comic strips, animation, science fiction, and related areas of popular culture, at CCI's annual convention, the San Diego Comic-Con. Also eligible are members of Comic-Con's Board of Directors and convention committee. The recipients, listed below, are known primarily as comics creators, including writers; artists; letterers; colorists; editors; or publishers; unless otherwise noted. Awards by year Source: 1974-2007, 1974-2011, 1974-2013 1970s 1974 Forrest J. Ackerman (magazine editor) Ray Bradbury (prose writer) Kirk Alyn (actor) Milton Caniff Frank Capra (filmmaker) Bob Clampett (animator) June Foray (voice actress) Eric Hoffman (film historian) Chuck Jones (animator) Jack Kirby Stan Lee Bill Lund / William R. Lund (actor/writer/founding member of San Diego Comic-Con) Russ Manning Russell Myers (creator of 'Broom Hilda' comic strip) Charles Schulz Phil Seuling (Comic Art Convention founder)\n\nQuestion: Define Book of Joel.", "output": "The Book of Joel is a Jewish prophetic text containing a series of \"divine announcements\"."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Major-General Sir Henry Marion Durand, (6 November 1812 \u2013 1 January 1871) was a British military officer in the Bengal Army and served as Lieutenant Governor of Punjab from 1870 until his death in 1871. Early life Durand was one of two illegitimate sons of Major Henry Percy, a cavalry officer who served in the Peninsular War and later at the Battle of Waterloo, and Marion Durand, a French woman he met while prisoner-of-war in the Napoleonic Wars. Born in Coulandon, France, both his parents died whilst he was young, and he was placed in the care of a family friend Mr. Deans. He was educated at the East India Company Military Seminary at Addiscombe where he was a contemporary of the future Lord Napier of Magdala who passed out two years before him. Career Durand sailed for India in 1829. On-board he developed a friendship with fellow passenger Alexander\n\nMina and the Count is an American animated television series created by Rob Renzetti, which was never brought into development as a full-fledged series. Instead, animated shorts of this series aired on both of Fred Seibert's animation anthology showcases, Cartoon Network's What a Cartoon! and Nickelodeon's Oh Yeah! Cartoons. Summary The original Mina and the Count pilot short, \"Interlude with a Vampire,\" premiered on the What a Cartoon! show on Cartoon Network on November 5, 1995, making it the only short to be featured on both creator-guided short projects guided by Fred Seibert. The short was about a seven-year-old girl named Mina Harper (a play on Dracula character Mina Harker) and her encounters with Vlad, a 700-year-old vampire. The aforementioned further episodes concerned the vampire, known simply as Vlad the Count, his best friend Mina, her older sister Lucy, school bully Nick, Lucy and Mina's father Mr. Harper, a handful\n\nGaziemir is a municipality and district of \u0130zmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 70 km2, and its population is 137,754 (2022). It is situated to the south of central \u0130zmir (Konak) on the road into town. \u0130zmir Adnan Menderes International Airport is situated within the boundaries of the district, as is the Aegean Free Zone export processing industrial park, which is also home to the third space camp in the world, Space Camp Turkey. History Gaziemir was founded in the 14th century by Umur Beg (Ghazi Umur, called Umur Pasha in Ottoman sources) of the dynasty of the Beylik of Aydin, who had brought and settled Y\u00f6r\u00fck clans from Konya to the region. The first mention in Ottoman records dates from 1530 and the settlement was named Seydik\u00f6y in honor of a Y\u00f6r\u00fck chief, Seydi Ahmed, whose tomb still stands. The town's evolution can be traced fairly smoothly through the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Mina and the Count is.", "output": "Mina and the Count is an American animated television series created by Rob Renzetti, which was never brought into development as a full-fledged series."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Harvey is a community in York County, in the Canadian province of New Brunswick, formerly an incorporated village but now part of an incorporated rural community of the same name. It is often called Harvey Station. Situated at the southeastern end of Harvey Lake, the village is approximately 35 km southwest of Fredericton. The lake was originally known as Bear Lake, then for a time as Big Cranberry Lake, and finally after 1869, as Harvey Lake, when the community that eventually would become Harvey Station was established at the intersection of the \"Great Road\" and the newly built railway line (see below). The area south of the village includes the Parish of Manners Sutton, which was the original Harvey Settlement founded in 1837. On 1 January 2023, Harvey annexed parts of five local service districts and devolved to an incorporated rural community; revised census figures have not been released. History\n\nKurt Frank Winter (April 2, 1946 \u2013 December 14, 1997) was a Canadian guitarist and songwriter, best known as a member of The Guess Who. Biography Winter was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He attended Daniel McIntyre Collegiate Institute. From the mid-1960s he was a member of several local Winnipeg rock bands, collaborating at various times with bassist Bill Wallace and drummer Vance Schmidt (later known as Vance Masters). In 1969 Winter, Wallace, and Schmidt formed the band Brother, who were associates of The Guess Who. Brother was together for less than six months, but became known for the fact that all three members later joined The Guess Who. Guitarist Randy Bachman left The Guess Who in 1970, and that band's leader Burton Cummings recruited Winter and Greg Leskiw as Bachman's replacements. Winter was with The Guess Who for four years and became one of the band's primary songwriters in tandem\n\nF\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131 (Laz and Georgian: \u10d5\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4 Vits'e) is a town in Rize Province on the Black Sea coast of Turkey, east of the city of Rize. It is the seat of F\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131 District. Its population is 10,886 (2021). Etymology The town was formerly known as Vitze (Laz and Georgian: Vits'e), which some claim means \"twig\" or \"branch\" in the Laz language and was renamed F\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131 (\"place with hazelnuts\" in Turkish) after the hazelnuts grown in the town, although these have now mostly been replaced with tea. Scholar \u00d6zhan \u00d6zt\u00fcrk claims that the town's former and native name comes from the word vis, meaning \"town\" in the now-extinct Thracian language and other Indo-European languages (Old Persian vith, Avesta visa, Sanskrit vesah, Gothic weihs, etc.). \u00d6zt\u00fcrk claims that Istanbul's old name Byzantion; the town of Vize in K\u0131rklareli Province in western Thracian region of Turkey; the towns of Vi\u00e7e, Visir, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Vi\u00e7e, Arhavi\n\nQuestion: Define F\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131, Rize.", "output": "F\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131 is a town in Rize Province on the Black Sea coast of Turkey, east of the city of Rize."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Chlorosulfuric acid (IUPAC name: sulfurochloridic acid) is the inorganic compound with the formula HSO3Cl. It is also known as chlorosulfonic acid, being the sulfonic acid of chlorine. It is a distillable, colorless liquid which is hygroscopic and a powerful lachrymator. Commercial samples usually are pale brown or straw colored. Salts and esters of chlorosulfuric acid are known as chlorosulfates. Structure and properties Chlorosulfuric acid is a tetrahedral molecule. The formula is more descriptively written SO2(OH)Cl, but HSO3Cl is traditional. It is an intermediate, chemically and conceptually, between sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The compound is rarely obtained pure. Upon standing with excess sulfur trioxide, it decomposes to pyrosulfuryl chlorides: 2 ClSO3H + SO3 \u2192 H2SO4 + S2O5Cl2 Synthesis The industrial synthesis entails the reaction of hydrogen chloride with a solution of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid: HCl + SO3 \u2192 ClSO3H It can also be prepared by chlorination\n\nAlan Unwin is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He served as Mayor of St. Catharines from 1994 to 1997. Career Unwin served as principal at Carlton School and Ferndale School in St. Catharines (Toronto Star, 20 October 1987; Hamilton Spectator, 28 June 1994). He also chaired the St. Catharines Transit Commission in the mid-1980s (Globe and Mail, 23 March 1985). He was elected mayor in late 1994, winning election in a crowded field of nine candidates (Toronto Star, 13 October 1997). He attempted to ban lap dancing in the city, and strongly opposed a 1995 court decision which legalized the practice (Winnipeg Free Press, 9 December 1995). He attended a rally for the Reform Party in May 1997, in which party leader Preston Manning called for federal prisoners to be stripped of their voting rights (Kitchener-Waterloo Record, 16 May 1997). (It may be noted that Paul Bernardo and Karla Homolka,\n\nThe Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, is an interdisciplinary center serving the entire Johns Hopkins University and Health System. It is dedicated to the study of complex moral and policy issues in biomedical science, health care, and health policy. Established in 1995, the Institute seeks answers to ethical questions by promoting research in bioethics and encouraging moral reflection among a broad range of scholars, professionals, students, and citizens. Contributing to its mission are four divisions of the University: the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, the Bloomberg School of Public Health, and the Johns Hopkins School of Nursing. Johns Hopkins was the nation's very first research university General information The goals of the Institute are declared in its mission statement: conducting cutting-edge, multidisciplinary research; training the next generation of leaders in bioethics; helping to prepare students and\n\nQuestion: Define Chlorosulfuric acid.", "output": "Chlorosulfuric acid is the inorganic compound with the formula HSO3Cl."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "DZ Bank AG () is the second largest bank in Germany by asset size and the central institution for around 800 cooperative banks and their around 8,500 branch offices. Within the German Cooperative Financial Group, which is one of Germany's largest private sector financial service organizations, DZ Bank functions both as a central institution and as a corporate and investment bank. DZ Bank is an acronym for Deutsche Zentral-Genossenschaftsbank (literally \"German Central Cooperative Bank\"). As a holding, the DZ Bank Group defines itself primarily as a service provider for local cooperative banks and their 30 million or so clients. The DZ Bank Group includes: DVB Bank, a transportation finance bank; Bausparkasse Schw\u00e4bisch Hall, a building society; DZ HYP (), a provider of commercial real estate finance; DZ Privatbank Gruppe; R+V Versicherung, an insurance company; TeamBank, a provider of consumer finance; Union Investment Group, an asset management company; VR Leasing; and\n\nWingfield is a suburb situated north of Adelaide. It lies between the Port River Expressway on the north and Grand Junction Road on the south. The suburb borders Dry Creek to its north and east, bounded by the Gawler railway line and Adelaide-Port Augusta railway line on the east. The North-South Motorway and Dry Creek-Port Adelaide railway line both cross the suburb. Wingfield is named after R. W. Wingfield, the private secretary to Governor of South Australia, William Jervois. Government The suburb is in the City of Port Adelaide Enfield local government area. Major industries The southwestern corner of the suburb includes residential housing, however the majority of the suburb is industrial. Industry includes recycling, manufacturing and freight forwarding. Waste and resource recovery Wingfield is the site of the 94ha Wingfield Waste & Recycling Centre (commonly known as the Wingfield Tip or Wingfield Dump), formerly owned and operated by the\n\nGirls Under Glass (GUG) is a musical group from Hamburg, Germany, founded in 1986 by Thomas L\u00fccke, Hauke Harms, and Volker \"Zaphor\" Zacharias. Described as \"an indispensable part of the German wave and gothic scene\", GUG began as a gothic rock band, but quickly crossed genre boundaries, incorporating metal and electronic music of various kinds. They have generally been classified as a darkwave act, but have ranged across the goth\u2013industrial \"dark music\" spectrum, including into industro-metal, and their work has integrated elements of pop, techno, and trip hop. Grenzwellen-News wrote of the band: \"Even after 20 years, it is almost impossible to define and pin-down Girls Under Glass stylistically.\" A review in 2001 concluded that \"even in its most experimental phases, the band has never lost its identity\". Axel Ermes joined in 1989, and L\u00fccke left the next year, but rejoined in 2016; Harms retired in 2017. The band's lyrical\n\nQuestion: What is Girls Under Glass?", "output": "Girls Under Glass is a musical group from Hamburg, Germany, founded in 1986 by Thomas L\u00fccke, Hauke Harms, and Volker \"Zaphor\" Zacharias."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Richard McNamara (born 23 October 1972 in Mytholmroyd, West Riding of Yorkshire) is a British musician and record producer, best known as the guitarist and co-lead vocalist for Embrace. He and his older brother, Danny, grew up in the village of Bailiff Bridge, Brighouse near Halifax. Danny is the band's lead singer. Richard and Danny McNamara attended Hipperholme Grammar School in nearby Hipperholme with their brother Jonathan. According to Danny, as a child Richard was nicknamed 'Firestarter' as he was fascinated with fire and was always playing with a box of matches. McNamara was initially the drummer for a thrash metal garage band called Gross Misconduct in his teens. It is believed that Embrace began when his brother barged into a session and started telling him and his bandmates what to do. Although McNamara has worked with his brother in writing many of the band's songs, he only single-handedly sings\n\nMarie-France Dubreuil (born August 11, 1974) is a Canadian ice dancing coach and former competitor. With her husband Patrice Lauzon, she is a two-time (2006\u20132007) World silver medallist. Personal life Marie-France Dubreuil was born on August 11, 1974, in Montreal, Quebec. She married her Canadian partner and skater Patrice Lauzon in August 2008. On December 24, 2010, she gave birth to their daughter, Billie-Rose. Competitive career When Dubreuil was five, she asked for skating lessons for her birthday and her grandmother gave her skates as a present. She took up ice dancing at the age of ten. The pair of Ekaterina Gordeeva / Sergei Grinkov was one of her influences. Competing with Bruno Yvars, she won the bronze medal at 1990 World Junior Championships. Dubreuil teamed up with Patrice Lauzon in 1995 and they placed 6th at their first Canadian Championships. They took the silver medal in their first appearance\n\nA brass fastener, butterfly clips, brad, paper fastener or split pin is a stationery item used for securing multiple sheets of paper together. A patent of the fastener was issued in 1866 to George W McGill. The fastener is inserted into punched holes in the stack of paper, and the leaves, or tines, of the legs are separated and bent over to secure the paper. This holds the pin in place and the sheets of paper together. For few sheets of paper, holes can be made using the sharp end of the fastener. A split pin may be used in place of staples, but they are more commonly used in situations where rotation around the joint is desirable. This lends split pins to use in mobile paper and cardboard models, and they are often used as modern scrapbooking embellishments. In the film industry, brass fasteners are an industry standard in\n\nQuestion: Who is Marie-France Dubreuil", "output": "Marie-France Dubreuil is a Canadian ice dancing coach and former competitor."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Future Thought Productions is a creative animation studio that creates, produces or contributes to film, television, web and mobile animation. It is amongst the first studios in the world to have employed Macromedia's Flash software for the UNICEF television series Meena, with veteran Indian animator Ram Mohan in 2002. The show was a UNICEF effort to empower the girl child in South Asia and provide valuable education concerning problems related to the developing nation's children. The character has become a role model for girls in South Asia. Thereafter, Future Thought was involved in a global effort to produce a series of public service announcements (PSAs) that would promote the prevention of HIV-AIDS through twenty comic, humorous shorts named The Three Amigos. The series has been a success throughout the world; it has been broadcast in over 20 languages, reaching several million youth aged 16 to 24. The Reverend Archbishop Desmond\n\nThe Bezold\u2013Br\u00fccke shift or luminance-on-hue effect is a change in hue perception as light intensity changes. As intensity increases, spectral colors shift more towards blue (if below 500 nm) or yellow (if above 500 nm). At lower intensities, the red/green axis dominates. This means that reds become more yellow with increasing brightness. Light may change in the perceived hue as its brightness changes, despite the fact that it retains a constant spectral composition. It was discovered by Wilhelm von Bezold and M.E. Br\u00fccke. The shift in the hue of the colors that occur as the intensity of the corresponding energy change is materially increased, except in some cases like the change for certain invariable hues (approximating the psychologically primary hues). Both Bezold & Br\u00fccke worked on the Bezold-Br\u00fccke effect and gave important contributions in the field of optical illusions. This effect is a problem for simple HSV-style color models, which\n\nRuthann DeBona (born March 7, 1976), also known by her ring name of Rue DeBona, is a former host, backstage interviewer, singer and actress, who worked for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Background Debona was a member of a pop group named Boy Krazy under the stage name Ruth Ann Roberts, which had a hit single with \"That's What Love Can Do\" in 1993. Debona has had guest appearances in shows Law & Order, The Sopranos, Spin City and others, including a role on the Mickey Mouse Club in 1993. She also has a role in the movie They're Just My Friends. Professional wrestling career In 2003, WWE signed DeBona to be the host of their show Afterburn. On an episode of SmackDown she interviewed Sable and Torrie Wilson on their Playboy covers. In late June 2004, DeBona asked for her release from the company which she was subsequently granted. Personal\n\nQuestion: Define Bezold\u2013Br\u00fccke shift.", "output": "The Bezold\u2013Br\u00fccke shift or luminance-on-hue effect is a change in hue perception as light intensity changes."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Thomas Schaub Noonan (January 20, 1938 \u2013 June 15, 2001) was an American historian, Slavicist and anthropologist who specialized in early Russian history and Eurasian nomad cultures. Educated at Indiana University, Noonan was, for many years, a Professor of History at the University of Minnesota. He was the author of dozens of books and articles and one of the leading authorities on the development of the Kievan Rus and the Khazar Khaganate. Noonan placed a great deal of importance on numismatics in understanding economic and social trends. He was the mentor of numerous scholars and leading historians. In 2001 many of his colleagues honored him by publishing the first of a multivolume collection of articles under the title \"Festschrift in Honor of Thomas S. Noonan,\" which was edited by Roman K. Kovalev and Heidi M. Sherman. The second volume appeared in 2005. Noonan died of cancer in 2001. Selected bibliography\n\nThe Gepr\u00fcfte Sicherheit (\"Tested Safety\") or GS mark is a voluntary certification mark for technical equipment. It indicates that the equipment meets German and, if available, European safety requirements for such devices. The main difference between GS and CE mark is that the compliance with the European safety requirements has been tested and certified by a state-approved independent body. CE marking, in contrast, is issued for the signing of a declaration that the product is in compliance with European legislation. The GS mark is based on the German Product Safety Act (\"Produktsicherheitsgesetz\", or \"ProdSG\"). Testing for the mark is available from many different laboratories, such as, DGUV Test the T\u00dcV, Nemko and IMQ. Although the GS mark was designed with the German market in mind, it appears on a large proportion of electronic products and machinery sold elsewhere in the world. See also CE mark UL mark References External links\n\n|} The Arkle Challenge Trophy is a Grade 1 National Hunt steeplechase in Great Britain which is open to horses aged five years or older. It is run on the Old Course at Cheltenham, England, over a distance of about 2 miles (1 mile, 7 furlongs and 199 yards, or ), and during its running there are thirteen fences to be jumped. The race is for novice chasers, and takes place each year during the Cheltenham Festival in March. It is the leading minimum-distance chase for novices in the National Hunt calendar. It is the second race on the opening day of the festival. History The Arkle Challenge Trophy was introduced as a replacement for the Cotswold Chase, a previous event at the Cheltenham Festival, in 1969. Its title pays tribute to Arkle, a three-time winner of the Cheltenham Gold Cup in the mid-1960s. The race was formerly scheduled to\n\nQuestion: What is Gepr\u00fcfte Sicherheit", "output": "The Gepr\u00fcfte Sicherheit or GS mark is a voluntary certification mark for technical equipment."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ambazhathil Karunakaran Lohithadas (10 May 1955 \u2013 28 June 2009) was an Indian screenwriter, playwright, film maker, and producer who worked in the Malayalam film industry. In a career spanning over two decades, his films have won a National Film Award, six Kerala State Film Awards, and fourteen Kerala Film Critics Award for Best Script. Lohithadas made his debut as a screenwriter with Thaniyavarthanam (1987). He has written screenplays for 35 films in a 24-year-long career, such as Vicharana (1988), Ezhuthapurangal (1988), Kireedam (1989), Dasharatham (1989), Mrugaya (1989), His Highness Abdullah (1990), Sasneham (1990), Bharatham (1991), Amaram (1991), Aadhaaram (1992), Kamaladalam (1992), Vatsalyam (1993), Venkalam (1993), Padheyam (1993), Chenkol (1993), Chakoram (1994), Thooval Kottaram (1996), Sallapam (1996), and Veendum Chila Veettukaryangal (1999). He later became a director, and made his directorial debut with Bhoothakkannadi (1997). He later wrote and directed Karunyam (1997), Kanmadam (1998), Joker (2000), and Kasthooriman (2003). He\n\nPhilip Chandler Gale (November 15, 1978 \u2013 March 13, 1998) was an American pioneering Internet software developer, computer prodigy, and sophomore student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He was notable for having written Total Access while at MIT, and was hired by EarthLink at the age of 16 to work on its development. In 2008, the company had more than one million users. By the age of 17, Gale had earned roughly a million dollars' worth of stock options at EarthLink for his innovative ISP programs. In 1995, Gale's father died from a heart attack, and friends said Gale struggled to come to terms with the loss. He returned to MIT in 1996 and became a music major. Early life and education Philip Chandler Gale was the eldest child of Marie and David Gale. He had a younger sister Elizabeth. His parents and many of his immediate family\n\nTony McConkey (born November 21, 1963) is a former elected official in the Maryland House of Delegates. He was first elected in 2002, taking the seat of former Delegate Janet Greenip, who ran for a State Senate seat. He served in District 33, which is located in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. He lost a bid for re-election in 2018 to Democratic challenger Heather Bagnall. Early years/education Born in Cheverly, Maryland, he graduated in 1986 from the University of Maryland, College Park with a joint B.A. (government & politics) and B.S. (business management) degree. He attended the University of Maryland School of Law, graduating with a J.D. in 1990. Career As a member of the Republican Party in the Maryland House of Delegates, he served as Ranking Member on the House Appropriations Committee. McConkey fought in March 2007 to allow for an elected school board in Anne Arundel County. However, a\n\nQuestion: Who is Tony McConkey?", "output": "Tony McConkey is a former elected official in the Maryland House of Delegates."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "William Franklin \"Birdie\" Cree (October 23, 1882 \u2013 November 8, 1942) was a Major League Baseball outfielder. He spent his entire 8-year career (1908-1915) with the New York Highlanders, which became the New York Yankees. Life Born in Khedive, Pennsylvania, Cree was a small man at and 150 pounds. He threw and batted right-handed, and he also attended Penn State University. Prior to the major leagues, Cree played in the High Hat League, then went to play ball in Burlington, Vermont and Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Cree made his major league debut on September 17, 1908 at the age of 25. He was a solid outfielder until 1911, when he had an extraordinary season. He had or tied career highs in every major category, with the highlights being 22 triples (which tied him for 32nd all-time in a season and the most in a season for a right-hander in the American League),\n\nHari Rhodes (April 10, 1932 \u2013 January 15, 1992) was an American author and actor whose career spanned three decades beginning around 1960. He was sometimes billed as Harry Rhodes, and appeared in 66 films and television programs, such as ABC's 1963 TV medical drama series about psychiatry Breaking Point. Early life In a 1968 TV Guide interview, Rhodes described growing up in a rough section of his native Cincinnati: \"We lived between the railroad tracks and the river bank. The flood ran us out every winter, but we'd always come back, kick out the mud and settle down again until flood time. All the boys had to learn how to hop freights and throw pieces of coal off. All I ever knew was rats, roaches, and poverty.\" When he was 15, Rhodes spent two months learning to copy his mother's signature, and forged it on enlistment papers to join\n\nThe Tivoli Stadion Tirol (formerly named ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Innsbruck, Austria. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Bundesliga club WSG Tirol and Raiders Tirol of the European League of Football. The stadium capacity was 17,400 when it was built in 2000. For the UEFA Euro 2008 the stadium was temporarily expanded to 30,000 people. The North Stand is fitted with rail seats for safe standing. History Tivoli-Neu was named after the original Tivoli stadium, which was at a different place next to the Sill River. It was closed down in 2004, four years after Tivoli-Neu was opened. On May 28, 2010, Spain played an international friendly against Saudi Arabia, winning 3\u20132. Euro 2008 Matches See also OlympiaWorld Innsbruck References External links FC Wacker Innsbruck Football venues in Austria Sport in Innsbruck Multi-purpose stadiums in Austria Buildings and structures in\n\nQuestion: Define Birdie Cree.", "output": "William Franklin \"Birdie\" Cree was a Major League Baseball outfielder."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Brocket Hall is a neo-classical country house set in a large park at the western side of the urban area of Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire, England. The estate is equipped with two golf courses and seven smaller listed buildings, apart from the main house. The freehold on the estate is held by the 3rd Baron Brocket. The house is Grade I-listed. History On the parkland site were two predecessors: the first of these was built in 1239 as Watership or Durantshide Manor, and was early held variously of Hatfield Manor and the Bishop of Ely. A second predecesor was built about 1430: whereas in 1413 John Mortimer had held Waterships, it is known that in 1477 Thomas Brockett held both manors. The house was acquired by John Brocket in the early 1550s, and passed to his son Sir John Brocket (captain of the personal guard of Queen Elizabeth) on\n\nThe Bamberg Symphony (German: Bamberger Symphoniker \u2013 Bayerische Staatsphilharmonie) is a German orchestra based in Bamberg. The orchestra was formed in 1946 mainly from German musicians expelled from Czechoslovakia after WWII, who had previously been members of the German Philharmonic Orchestra of Prague. The orchestra received the title of Bayerische Staatsphilharmonie (Bavarian State Philharmonic) in 1993. The orchestra commemorated its 60th anniversary on 16 March 2006. Since 1993, the home of the orchestra is the Konzert- und Kongresshalle (Concert and Congress Hall), which has the nickname Sinfonie an der Regnitz (Symphony on the Regnitz). Concerts before 1993 were given at the Dominikanerbau. The orchestra receives financial support from the Free State of Bavaria, the city of Bamberg, Oberfranken district and the district of Bamberg. The government of Bavaria retired the orchestra's financial debts in 2003. Joseph Keilberth was the orchestra's first principal conductor. Other principal conductors have included James Loughran,\n\nBruna Patricia Maria Teresa Romilda Lombardi (born August 1, 1952) is a Brazilian poet, writer, model, and film and TV actress. She is daughter of Italian film producer Ugo Lombardi. She is married to actor Carlos Alberto Riccelli and has a son (Kim Lombardi Riccelli). They reside in Los Angeles, California, United States. She is still thought of as one of the great Brazilian beauties. Filmography 2007 \u2013 The Sign of the City as Teca 2006 \u2013 Bras\u00edlia 18% as Laura 2005 \u2013 Stress, Orgasmos e Salva\u00e7\u00e3o 2002 \u2013 O Pr\u00edncipe as Maria Cristina 1983 \u2013 O Cangaceiro Trapalh\u00e3o as Fada 1978 \u2013 A Noite dos Duros Television appearances The Secret Life of Couples \u2013 Sofia Prado O quinto dos infernos \u2013 Branca Camargo Andando nas nuvens \u2013 Frida O fim do mundo \u2013 Gard\u00eania De corpo e alma \u2013 Bettina Lopes Jord\u00e3o Roda de fogo \u2013 L\u00facia Brand\u00e3o Mem\u00f3rias\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Bruna Lombardi.", "output": "Bruna Patricia Maria Teresa Romilda Lombardi is a Brazilian poet, writer, model, and film and TV actress."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "An automatic number announcement circuit (ANAC) is a component of a central office of a telephone company that provides a service to installation and service technicians to determine the telephone number of a telephone line. The facility has a telephone number that may be called to listen to an automatic announcement that includes the caller's telephone number. The ANAC facility is useful primarily during the installation of landline telephones to quickly identify one of multiple wire pairs in a bundle or at a termination point. Operation By connecting a test telephone set, a technician calls the local telephone number of the automatic number announcement service. This call is connected to equipment at the central office that uses automatic equipment to announce the telephone number of the line calling in. The main purpose of this system is to allow telephone company technicians to identify the telephone line they are connected to.\n\nBarry John Dancer (born 27 August 1952 in Brisbane, Queensland) is a former Australian field hockey player and coach of Australian men's national field hockey team. As a player he competed in 48 international matches for Australia between 1973 and 1979. he was a member of the men's hockey team that won a silver medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics. Dancer coached the English men's hockey team from 1997 to 1999 and the Great Britain team at the 2000 Summer Olympics, where the team came sixth. Dancer took up the position of Head Coach of the Australian men's national field hockey team in 2001 and retired the position after 2008 Summer Olympics. Coaching results for the Australian team at major competitions: 2001: 2nd - Champions Trophy 2002: 2nd - World Cup ; 5th - Champions Trophy ; 1st - Commonwealth Games 2003: 2nd - Champions Trophy 2004: 1st - Athens\n\nAn autosome is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. The members of an autosome pair in a diploid cell have the same morphology, unlike those in allosomal (sex chromosome) pairs, which may have different structures. The DNA in autosomes is collectively known as atDNA or auDNA. For example, humans have a diploid genome that usually contains 22 pairs of autosomes and one allosome pair (46 chromosomes total). The autosome pairs are labeled with numbers (1\u201322 in humans) roughly in order of their sizes in base pairs, while allosomes are labelled with their letters. By contrast, the allosome pair consists of two X chromosomes in females or one X and one Y chromosome in males. Unusual combinations of XYY, XXY, XXX, XXXX, XXXXX or XXYY, among other Salome combinations, are known to occur and usually cause developmental abnormalities. Autosomes still contain sexual determination genes even though they are not\n\nQuestion: Who is Barry Dancer", "output": "Barry John Dancer is a former Australian field hockey player and coach of Australian men's national field hockey team."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sir George Rothe Bellew, (13 December 1899 \u2013 6 February 1993), styled The Honourable after 1935, was a long-serving herald at the College of Arms in London. Educated at the University of Oxford, he was appointed Portcullis Pursuivant in 1922. Having been Somerset Herald for 24 years, he was promoted to the office of Garter Principal King of Arms in 1950, the highest heraldic office in England and Wales. He served in that capacity until his resignation in 1961. As Garter, Bellew oversaw the funeral of George VI, proclaimed the late King's daughter, Elizabeth II, as Queen and took a leading role in the organisation of her Coronation in 1953. After his retirement, Bellew was Secretary of the Order of the Garter (until 1974) and Knight Principal of the Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor (until 1962). He lived for many years at Dower House in Old Windsor, Berkshire, but later\n\nStorm the Studio is the debut album by English electronic music group Meat Beat Manifesto, released on 20 February 1989 by Sweatbox Records in the United Kingdom and later that year by Wax Trax! in the United States. Recorded in three recording studios, the album contains four compositions, each split into separate parts, that mostly originated as twelve-inch singles the band released in 1988. The record's inventive musical style features elements of industrial music, electro, dub, noise rock and hip hop music, and incorporates breakbeats, noise and sporadic rap vocals. The group also incorporated heavy usage of sampling in a fashion they compared to pop art. Television was a further influence on the record, and numerous items of television dialogue appear throughout Storm the Studio as samples. Named for a William S. Burroughs quote sampled on the album, Storm the Studio was greeted with critical acclaim upon release, and its\n\nManyema (WaManyema) (Una-Ma-Nyema, eaters of flesh) are a Bantu ethnic group, described in the past as powerful and warlike, in the African Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa and Central Africa. Many Manyema, like many Nyamwezi, are the descendants of porters who emerged during the height of the Swahili-Arab trade in the Sultanate of Utetera. WaManyema, as well as the area, was extensively incorporated into Swahili economy and culture. During the early to mid-1800s, many Manyema and traversed, back and forth, across Lake Tanganyika towards the Swahili coast in larger numbers as caravan porters, merchants, mercenaries, war refugees (emphasised in Manyema memories), slaves (emphasised by missionaries and colonial officials), and to some extent as slave traders (emphasised by explorers like Henry Morton Stanley, David Livingstone and John Speke). Many Manyema merchants traded slaves, ivory and gold. The New York Times reported that the Manyema \u201callied themselves with the Arabs\u201d, a\n\nQuestion: What's Manyema?", "output": "Manyema are a Bantu ethnic group, described in the past as powerful and warlike, in the African Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa and Central Africa."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kerry Max Cook (born 1956) is an American former death row inmate who was wrongfully convicted and sentenced to death for the rape and murder of 21-year-old Linda Jo Edwards in 1977. Biography Kerry Max Cook was born in Stuttgart, West Germany, and moved to Texas with his family in 1972. He served over 20 years in a Texas prison on Death Row. Since his release, he has become an activist against the death penalty, speaking across the United States and in Europe. Cook wrote Chasing Justice, which was published by HarperCollins in 2008, that details his conviction, the widespread prosecutorial abuses which led to it, and the battle to prove his innocence. Chasing Justice was nominated for the Edgar Award by Mystery Writers of America. He was awarded a Soros Justice Fellowship to write the book. In an advance blurb for the memoir, former FBI Director and Federal Judge\n\nDan Birdwell (October 14, 1940 \u2013 February 14, 1978) was an American college and professional football player. A defensive lineman, he played collegiately for the University of Houston and professionally for the Oakland Raiders of the American Football League (AFL) from 1962 to 1969. He was the starting left defensive tackle with Tom Keating (American football) on the right side for the 1967 AFL Champion Raiders with their 13-1 win\u2013loss record and on the losing side in the second AFL-NFL World Championship game. In that season, the front four of Birdwell, Keating, Ike Lassiter, and Ben Davidson combined for impressive totals of 67 sacks and 666 yards lost. Birdwell is credited with the following quote regarding the necessary mindset to play professional football: \"You have to play this game like somebody just hit your mother with a two by four.\" Birdwell died of a massive heart attack at age 37\n\nThe Good Shepherd Cathedral in Ayr, South Ayrshire, Scotland was the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Galloway. History The Church of the Good Shepherd was opened in 1957, to serve the communities of Whitletts, Dalmilling, Lochside and Braehead areas of Ayr. It was designed by John Frederick Torry and William Cowie. Before the church was constructed the people in these areas worshipped at St. Margaret's Church, Ayr and Sunday Mass was also said in Whitletts Community Centre. The church was a parish church for four years until it was consecrated the cathedral for Galloway Diocese in 1961, after fire destroyed St. Andrew's Cathedral in Dumfries. Only three bishops have had the Good Shepherd Cathedral as their seat: Bishop Joseph McGee (b. 1912 - d.1981), Bishop Maurice Taylor 1981 till 2004, and Bishop John Cunningham 2004\u20132014. Bishop Cunningham was the first Episcopal Ordination to be held in the\n\nQuestion: Define Good Shepherd Cathedral, Ayr.", "output": "The Good Shepherd Cathedral in Ayr, South Ayrshire, Scotland was the cathedral church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Galloway."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "David Ayer (born January 18, 1968) is an American filmmaker known for making crime films that are set in Los Angeles and deal with gangs and police corruption. His screenplays include Training Day (2001), The Fast and the Furious (2001), and S.W.A.T. (2003). He has also directed Harsh Times (2005), Street Kings (2008), End of Watch (2012), and Sabotage (2014). In 2016, he directed the superhero movie Suicide Squad from the DC Extended Universe, and then the urban fantasy film Bright (2017) for Netflix. He has twice collaborated with actor Shia LaBeouf: first with the World War II drama Fury (2014), then the crime thriller The Tax Collector (2020). He has also collaborated with his friend Cle Shaheed Sloan who has appeared in four of his films. Early life Ayer was born in Champaign, Illinois, on January 18, 1968, and grew up in Bloomington, Minnesota, and Bethesda, Maryland, where he\n\nThe European Air Group (EAG) is an independent defence organisation, formed by the Air Forces of its seven member states: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. The EAG is focused on improving interoperability between the air forces of EAG and partner states. History The origins of the EAG extend back to the 1991 Gulf War, during which the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force (RAF) and France's Arm\u00e9e de l\u2019Air (French Air Force or FAF) worked closely together on a range of operations. Subsequently, the two Air Forces collaborated again, this time on missions in support of United Nations forces in the former Yugoslavia and in operations over Bosnia-Herzegovina. As a result of these experiences, both France and the UK realised that to improve their level of interoperability, a new organization was needed that would provide focus and momentum. Consequently, the intention to form the Franco-British European\n\nGordon Ambrose de Lisle Lee (11 July 1863 \u2013 12 September 1927) was a British officer of arms, an expert in Japanese art and heraldry and a stage designer. Early life Lee was born in Aberdeen, the second son of Reverend Frederick George Lee, vicar of All Saints, Lambeth. He was educated at St Mary's College, Harlow and Westminster School and became an artist and designer. In 1888, he married Rose, the eldest daughter of Robert Wallace, Secretary to the Earl Marshal. College of Arms In 1889, he joined the College of Arms as Bluemantle Pursuivant. He was appointed York Herald on 29 November 1905 in succession to George William Marshall and then Norroy King of Arms in 1922, before being appointed Clarenceux King of Arms, the Principal Herald of South, East and West England, on 5 October 1926 in succession to William Lindsay. He was secretary to the Earl\n\nQuestion: Who was Gordon de Lisle Lee?", "output": "Gordon Ambrose de Lisle Lee was a British officer of arms, an expert in Japanese art and heraldry and a stage designer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Herpesviridae is a large family of DNA viruses that cause infections and certain diseases in animals, including humans. The members of this family are also known as herpesviruses. The family name is derived from the Greek word \u1f15\u03c1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd ( 'to creep'), referring to spreading cutaneous lesions, usually involving blisters, seen in flares of herpes simplex 1, herpes simplex 2 and herpes zoster (shingles). In 1971, the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) established Herpesvirus as a genus with 23 viruses among four groups. As of 2020, 115 species are recognized, all but one of which are in one of the three subfamilies. Herpesviruses can cause both latent and lytic infections. Nine herpesvirus types are known to primarily infect humans, at least five of which are extremely widespread among most human populations, and which cause common diseases: herpes simplex 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2, also known as HHV-1\n\nGreg Owens (born 27 January 1981) is an Australian footballer who last played a midfielder for Bankstown City Lions in the NSW Premier League. He was born in Bathurst, New South Wales. Playing career Club Owens joined Newcastle Breakers for the 1998\u201399 National Soccer League, where he made his debut aged seventeen. He left the Breakers in September 2000, amid growing concerns about the team's stability. Following unsuccessful trials in Denmark and at Southampton, Owens joined A-League side Adelaide United on a short-term, injury replacement contract during the finals series of the 2005\u201306 season. He rejoined Adelaide from Sydney United, on a longer-term contract in June 2006. Owens left Adelaide after the 2006\u201307 A-League due to personal reasons to return to his home state, New South Wales. He signed for Central Coast Mariners in March 2007. Ownes scored his first goal for the Mariners in a win over Perth Glory\n\nCynthia Shelley (born 23 March 1960 in Barnet, Hertfordshire) is an English actress, known for her roles in two BBC television dramas of the 1980s: Alice Courtenay in Tenko and Abby Urquhart in Howards' Way. Career Shelley made her television debut playing Rhiannon, one of the party girls in The Young Ones episode \"Interesting\". A week later, she played the girl on the radio in the \"Flood\" episode of the same series. Shelley played Alice Courtenay in the World War II-set series Tenko. Shelley appeared in nine episodes of series three and appeared in Tenko Reunion the following year. From 1985 to 1990, she was a regular cast member for six series of Howards' Way in the role of Abby Urquhart/Hudson. Shelley later made appearances The Tripods, Bottom, Men Behaving Badly, A Prince Among Men and Grange Hill. She replaced Charlotte Long for the second series of The Tripods'' after\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Greg Owens.", "output": "Greg Owens is an Australian footballer who last played a midfielder for Bankstown City Lions in the NSW Premier League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "CINQ-FM is a multilingual Canadian radio station located in Montreal, Quebec. It broadcasts on 102.3 MHz using a directional antenna with an average effective radiated power of 1,285 watts and a peak effective radiated power of 2,335 watts (class A). Its studios are located on Saint-Laurent Boulevard in Montreal. The station operates under a community radio licence and offers varied programming in seven different languages whereas all programmes are produced and animated by volunteers. It identifies itself as \"Radio Centre-Ville\". CINQ-FM opened on 27 January 1975; at the time the station was on 99.3 MHz and used only 7.5 watts of power. Originally, the station aired programming in five different languages, hence the call sign (\"cinq\" being the French word for \"five\"). Those five languages were English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Greek. It has since added Arabic and Haitian Creole programming to its lineup. External links Official website CINQ-FM's Chinese\n\nPatrick Neeson Lynch (March 10, 1817 \u2013 February 26, 1882) was an Irish-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Charleston in the Southeastern United States from 1857 until his death in 1882. Biography Early life Patrick Lynch's birthplace is sometimes attributed to Clones, County Monaghan but he was actually born in the County Fermanagh portion of the Parish of Clones, probably in the townland of Kibberidogue. His parents were Conlaw Peter and Eleanor (n\u00e9e Neison) Lynch. Eleanor's father disapproved of the marriage and disinherited her. In 1819, the Lynch family immigrated to the United States, settling in Cheraw, South Carolina. Like their neighbors, they became slave owners. Lynch was one of fourteen children, twelve of whom lived to maturity. One sister became a Carmelite nun in Baltimore, another sister became an Ursuline nun; his brother John became a doctor in Columbia, South\n\nGeorge Costakis (, Greek: \u0393\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2, 5 July 1913 - 9 March 1990) was a Greek-Russian art collector who amassed one of the largest private collections of Russian avant-garde art in the world. In the years surrounding the 1917 revolution, artists in Russia produced the first non-figurative art, which was to become the defining art of the 20th century. Costakis by chance discovered some constructivist paintings in a Moscow studio in 1946, and he went on to search for the revolutionary art which might otherwise have been lost to the world. Family history Born in Moscow of affluent Greek parents, George Costakis had no artistic education but developed an interest in art during his adolescence and as soon as he was able to, he began buying art. At first he worked as a driver for the Greek Embassy until 1939, when relationships between Russia and Greece broke down due to\n\nQuestion: Tell me about George Costakis.", "output": "George Costakis was a Greek-Russian art collector who amassed one of the largest private collections of Russian avant-garde art in the world."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "T'ai Fu: Wrath of the Tiger is a PlayStation game released in 1999, developed by DreamWorks Interactive (which would later be named EA Los Angeles, and finally Danger Close Games) and published by Activision. The game is set in an oriental landscape populated by clans of animals, such as leopards and snakes. The game's protagonist, T'ai Fu, is the last remaining survivor of the Tiger clan and must journey to defeat the Dragon Master and avenge his kind. On the way, he learns about his clouded past and masters several Kung Fu styles, one from each clan master he defeats. Gameplay While the game has some fairly challenging platformer aspects, the main focus of the gameplay is on fighting aggressors from other clans as T'ai seeks to receive Kung Fu tutoring from the masters of the clans. Each new style T'ai learns increases his repertoire of moves, and he can\n\nCourrendlin (; ) is a municipality in the district of Del\u00e9mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Rebeuvelier and Vellerat merged into the municipality of Courrendlin. History Courrendlin is first mentioned in 866 as Rendelana Corte. Geography Courrendlin has an area of . Of this area, or 43.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 39.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 15.1% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.9% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.6% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 2.9% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 5.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.6%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.6% of the area Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered\n\nIturralde Crater (also called Araona Crater) is an diameter circular geophysical feature in Madidi National Park in the Bolivian portion of the Amazon Rainforest, first identified from Landsat satellite imagery in 1985. The structure is located in a remote area in the Abel Iturralde Province of La Paz Department and was visited by researchers in 2002. Based on the presence of millions of glass beads, it has been hypothesised that the structure was created in the Late Pleistocene (between 30,000 and 11,000 years ago) by the air burst of a non-impacting meteorite, similar to the Tunguska event in 1908. Description The structure was identified on the basis of Landsat imagery in 1985. It is located between the Manupari and Madidi Rivers. Being so circular, it is argued that it may be a meteorite crater. Because it is in an area of active sediment accumulation by rivers, it must be a\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Courrendlin is.", "output": "Courrendlin is a municipality in the district of Del\u00e9mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Grande Porto () or Greater Porto is a former Portuguese NUTS3 subregion, integrating the NUTS2 region of Norte, in Portugal. It was abolished at the January 2015 NUTS 3 revision. It corresponded to 11 municipalities out of 16, the other 5 in Entre Douro e Vouga Subregion that constitute the larger Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto, centered in the city of Porto. With a population of 2,181,805 inhabitants (INE 2011) and an area of 817 km2. Highly industrialized, it is along with the neighbouring subregions the main source of the Portuguese exports and home to one of the busiest Portuguese harbours, located in Leix\u00f5es. Grande Porto serves as the commercial, educational, cultural and economical centre of northern Portugal. It covers an area of 817 km2 for a density of 2056 hab/km2 Municipalities It is formed by 11 municipalities, on both sides of the Douro River. Espinho Gondomar Maia Matosinhos Porto\n\nParc Festyland is a relatively small theme park situated within the Caen ringroad (A13/A84) in Lower Normandy, France. Sometimes referred to as being in Carpiquet in Greater Caen, the theme park receives approximately 110,000 visitors a year. Background Parc Festyland is a true theme park as it has a central unifying theme in accordance with which the whole park - from rides to restaurants to surroundings - is built. The theme of Parc Festyland is the 1066 era. Being a family theme park, it concentrates on the architecture and personalities of the time. The park's logo is a friendly, young-looking dragon's head sporting a Viking hat and a large grin. Visiting Figures In 2005, the park received 110,000 visitors, compared to Caen's five museums which received 550,000 visitors between them (source: Caen tourist office). Advertising Parc Festyland runs an advertising campaign in association with the Caen tourist office. In all\n\nMoolachel, or Moolachy, is a village in the Kanniyakumari District on the southern tip of India in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is located near Padmanabhapuram Palace, with a few nearby town centres: Thuckalay, Marthandam, and Nagercoil. The population is primarily employed in agriculture. However, recent improvements in education have helped residents to diversify their economic opportunities and emigrate to different countries. This place is famous for scenic views of sunrises and sunsets and it's a good place for site-seeing for visitors. Moolachel is home to CSI Hacker Memorial Church (formerly Hacker Memorial Methodist Church, Moolachy) whose tower (steeple) has been erected by the generous donations of the patron Esquire Richard Facey Hunter (R.F.H.) Crowther in memory of his mother Louisa A. I. A. Crowther, n\u00e9e Hunter. The village also runs a creche and a matriculation school, though people of many religions live there. A government high school and\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Parc Festyland is.", "output": "Parc Festyland is a relatively small theme park situated within the Caen ringroad in Lower Normandy, France."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Karl Jenkins, better known as Dice Raw, is an American rapper from Philadelphia. He is associated with The Roots, and the now defunct musical group Nouveau Riche. He hooked up with the band while still in high school after Kelo, a member of the group's production team, spotted him in a local talent show. The group quickly took the young rapper under their collective wings and decided to bring his talent along slowly. He made his debut in \"The Lesson, Pt. 1.\" Soon after, he made a name for himself with cameos on \"Episodes\" and \"Adrenaline\", where his hard-hitting style complemented the heady rhymes of Roots leader Black Thought. Dice Raw has made several guest appearances on several mixtapes. He made an appearance in fellow band member and beatboxer Scratch's first solo album Embodiment of Instrumentation. In 2000, Dice Raw released his solo debut album, Reclaiming the Dead on MCA\n\nThe Filefjell Kongevegen () is the name of the old trail over Filefjell, the mountainous area between L\u00e6rdal/Borgund, and Valdres in Norway. It is the historical main route linking Western Norway and Eastern Norway. Due to the sometimes wet and marshy land in the valley bottom, the old trail runs farther up in the hill than the modern asphalt road does today. The old trail is still used for hiking. It was named after King Sverre of Norway (1184\u20131202) who traveled this route with his army. The first post route came this way in 1647. The road got official status as a main road in the year 1791. Maristova in Filefjell (built at Queen Margaret's command around 1390) and Nystuen in Vang (first mentioned in 1627 but believed to be much older) are guest houses that provided for travelers along the road. The owners were compensated by the king and\n\nI Am Ghost was an American post-hardcore band from Long Beach, California, United States, conceived of and founded by Steven Juliano in 2004. They were signed to Epitaph Records from 2005 to 2010, before splitting up in July 2010. They briefly reunited on April 28, 2016. History Singer Steve Juliano utilized his knowledge of MySpace to attract prospective members to I Am Ghost and formed the original members that included lead guitarist Timoteo Rosales III; rhythm guitarist Gabe Iraheta; violinist Kerith Telestai and her husband, bassist/keyboardist Brian Telestai, and drummer, Victor Camarena. Before the band began touring, Camarena was replaced by Ryan Seaman. After signing to Epitaph Records, the band's self-recorded and self-released EP entitled We Are Always Searching was remastered and re-released by the label. Epitaph issued the band's first album, Lovers' Requiem, on October 10, 2006. Juliano explains, \"It\u2019s essentially a rock opera but for hardcore or Goth\n\nQuestion: What's Dice Raw?", "output": "Karl Jenkins, better known as Dice Raw, is an American rapper from Philadelphia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bodenstown Graveyard () is a cemetery located in County Kildare, Republic of Ireland. Containing a ruined medieval church, it is best known as the burial place of the Irish patriot Wolfe Tone (1763\u20131798). History The stone church dates to before 1352, in which year it belonged to Great Connell Priory, and measures by . It was described as being in good condition in 1612 but was ruined by the 19th century; all that remains are the west gable and north and south walls. Tone was buried next to his father at Bodenstown following his death in 1798. Semi-official commemorations are believed to have begun in the 1840s. In \"Tone's Grave\", Thomas Davis describes his visit there . Pilgrimages to Wolfe Tone's graveside were first held in 1873, the 75th anniversary of his death. After gaps in the 1880s, they resumed in 1891, and have been held every year since, except\n\nPublow is a small village and civil parish in Bath and North East Somerset, England. It lies beside the River Chew in the Chew Valley. It is 7 miles from Bristol, 9 miles from Bath, and 4 miles from Keynsham. The principal settlement in the parish is Pensford. The parish also includes the village of Belluton and part of the village of Woollard. At the 2011 census it had a population of 1,119. History Publow anciently belonged to the St Loes of Newton, and later came into the hands of the Hungerfords along with Compton Dando. The manor having many owners Henry Hastings (Third Earl Becher (c1517-1570)), Sir John Popham, Sir Francis Popham. It is close to the route of the ancient Wansdyke. The name Publow is believed to mean 'The public meadow' or 'The people's meadow', from the Latin publicus and the Old English leah. An alternative explanation is\n\nJulian Rowe (born 25 May 1985) is an Australian rules footballer with the Old Carey Football Club in the Victorian Amateur Football League, formerly with the AFL's Collingwood Football Club. Originally from Old Carey, the youngster was considered a 'surprise pick' in the 2003 AFL Draft by Collingwood coach Mick Malthouse because Rowe was still available at No. 60 overall. He made his senior debut mid-season and showed potential of becoming a long-term midfielder/half-forward, having a good debut season, playing 8 games. In 2005 he started with a string of games, becoming a regular, before being dropped despite lifting his form. He managed only 2 games in 2006 and was delisted at the end of the season. Rowe joined Port Melbourne in 2007, along with the other Magpies Brayden Shaw and David Fanning. He has now gone back to his original club Old Carey which plays in the Premier section\n\nQuestion: Define Publow.", "output": "Publow is a small village and civil parish in Bath and North East Somerset, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "WCJB-TV (channel 20) is a television station in Gainesville, Florida, United States, affiliated with ABC and The CW Plus. Owned by Gray Television, the station maintains studios on Northwest 43rd Street in Gainesville, and its transmitter is located near Micanopy, Florida. History WCJB began broadcasting April 7, 1971, as an NBC affiliate owned by William E. \"Bill\" Minshall. Originally broadcasting an analog signal on UHF channel 20, its call sign bears the first initials of his family members: Casey (daughter), JoAnn (wife), and himself, Bill. In 1973, just two years after its first broadcast, the station switched its affiliation to ABC. In 1976, WCJB was sold to Diversified Communications. In 2001, it began airing its digital signal on UHF channel 16. WCJB was one of the ABC affiliates that aired Saving Private Ryan in 2004. On September 18, 2006, WCJB launched a new second digital subchannel to be the area's\n\nIn economics, a threshold price point is the psychological fixing of prices to entice a buyer up to a certain threshold at which the buyer will be lost anyway. The most common example in the United States is the $??.99 phenomenon\u2014e.g. setting the price for a good at $9.99. Though it is effectively ten dollars\u2014especially when you add sales tax\u2014it still appears to the potential buyer to be significantly cheaper than if the good was sold $10.00. Economists and advertising analysts note that should a company need to increase the price of a product beyond the threshold price-point, it should only be done in small amounts. If a candy bar originally cost $1.99, then there is apparently little difference in making the new price $2.05 or even $2.25. The logic behind the move is that while some potential buyers will be lost by the increase in price beyond the threshold,\n\nMohammed Boualem Benchicou (; born 1952 in Miliana, A\u00efn Defla Province) was the director and publisher of the Algerian newspaper Le Matin (), closed in August 2006. Career In 1989, he was one of the founders of the movement of Algerian journalists (MJA) a movement born during the opening of the media field. He then leads the team which relaunched Alger R\u00e9publicain, banned from publication in 1965. Benchicou left Alger R\u00e9publicain in 1991 with Sa\u00efd Mekbel and Fodil Mezali and founded the daily newspaper Le Matin of opposition. In June 2004, he was sentenced to two years in prison for an infraction in money exchange regulation. In July, SIMPRAL, the Algiers-based government publisher, stopped printing Le Matin for its failure to pay a debt of 38 million dinars ($535,200) PEN (the international association of writers) describes the prison in which Benchicou was in as harsh and infested with lice and\n\nQuestion: Who was Mohammed Benchicou?", "output": "Mohammed Boualem Benchicou was the director and publisher of the Algerian newspaper Le Matin, closed in August 2006."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alfred Menezes is co-author of several books on cryptography, including the Handbook of Applied Cryptography, and is a professor of mathematics at the University of Waterloo in Canada. Education Alfred Menezes' family is from Goa, a state in western India, but he was born in Tanzania and grew up in Kuwait except for a few years at a boarding school in India. His undergraduate and post-graduate degrees are from the University of Waterloo. Academic career After five years teaching at Auburn University, in 1997 he returned to the University of Waterloo, where he is now a professor of mathematics in the Department of Combinatorics and Optimization. He co-founded and is a member of the Centre for Applied Cryptographic Research, and has served as its Managing Director. Menezes' main areas of research are Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), provable security, and related areas. He is a Canadian citizen. Menezes' book Elliptic Curve\n\nSunset Bain is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She is a shady businesswoman who occasionally masquerades as Madame Menace. Although very technologically adept, she personally does not have any super-powers. Publicly she is the CEO of Baintronics. Privately she maintains her wealth through black market weaponry deals and other shady practices. She primarily is an adversary of Machine Man and Iron Man. Sunset Bain is an underworld armorer who supplies sophisticated weaponry to an elite clientele of master criminals, terrorists, and revolutionaries. Publication history Sunset Bain first appeared in Machine Man #17-18 (Oct.\u2013Dec. 1980), and was created by Tom DeFalco (writer), and Steve Ditko (artist). The character subsequently appears in Ghost Rider #63 (Dec. 1981); Solo Avengers #17 (April 1989); Iron Man Annual #11 (1990); Spider-Man #26 (Sept. 1992); Web of Spider-Man #99-100 (April\u2013May 1993); Iron Man vol. 3 #1 (Feb. 1998), #4 (May\n\nBashir al-Azma (1910\u20131992) (), was a Syrian doctor and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Syria from 16 April to 14 September 1962. He was born in and raised in the capital Damascus. He obtained his undergraduate degree in Medicine from Damascus University and his graduate in Paris. He became the Minister of Health under the United Arab Republic (UAR) but resigned due to a conflict with Gamal Abdel Nasser. Later, he became the Prime Minister of Syria after the dissolution of the UAR. Bashir al-Azma was one of several Syrian Prime Ministers who intended to keep Syria out of the east\u2013west conflict and demonstrate its passive approach to it. On 22 April 1962, al-Azma declared on Radio Damascus that Syria's foreign policy continued to be based on \"the principles of positive neutrality and non-alignment with military blocs, non-participation in the Cold War, and respect for the principles of\n\nQuestion: What is Alfred Menezes", "output": "Alfred Menezes is co-author of several books on cryptography, including the Handbook of Applied Cryptography, and is a professor of mathematics at the University of Waterloo in Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Happenings are a pop music group that originated in the 1960s. Members of the original group, created in the spring of 1961 and initially called \"The Four Graduates\" because all had just graduated from high school in Paterson, New Jersey, were Bob Miranda, David Libert, Tom Giuliano, and Ralph DiVito. In 1968 DiVito was replaced by Bernie LaPorta and Lenny Conforti also joined to play drums in the touring band. Both LaPorta and Conforti took a hiatus from the northern New Jersey band, the Emerald Experience, to play and tour with the Happenings. That lineup performed mostly at colleges and universities until 1970, when Libert left the band to manage other groups, including George Clinton and Parliament-Funkadelic, Living Colour, Brian Auger, Vanilla Fudge, the Runaways (Cherie Currie, Joan Jett, Lita Ford), Mother's Finest, Alice Cooper and Evelyn \"Champagne\" King. Overview The band's original concept and much of its commercial\n\nHibiscus acetosella, the cranberry hibiscus or African rosemallow, is a flowering plant of the family Malvaceae. The epithet acetosella is of Latin origin and is a diminutive of the Latin name for sorrel which comes from the sour taste experienced when eating the young leaves of both plants. Hibiscus acetosella is also known colloquially as false roselle, maroon mallow, red leaved hibiscus, and red shield hibiscus. It is one of the approximately 200\u2013300 species that are seen in sub-tropic and tropic regions. This ornamental is usually found in abandoned fields or open areas, marshes, and forest clearings. Cranberry hibiscus is a member of a perennial group known as hardy hibiscus. In contrast to the tropical hibiscus, hardy hibiscus can tolerate colder conditions, are more vigorous, longer lasting, and have larger flowers. In colder climates, Hibiscus acetosella is easily an annual, but is often regarded as a perennial to zone 8\u201311.\n\nFran\u00e7ois Gaspard Adam (May 23, 1710 \u2013 August 18, 1761) was a French rococo sculptor. A member of the Adam family of painters, Fran\u00e7ois was born at Nancy, and studied under his father, Jacob-Sigisbert. He later followed his two brothers to Rome in 1730, before moving to Paris. In 1740, he took second in the Prix de Rome competition, but later won the contest and returned to Rome in 1742 to study at the Acad\u00e9mie de France's campus there. From 1747 to 1760, Adam was the principal sculptor of Frederick the Great of Prussia. Most of his work decorates the grounds at Frederick's Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam. He died in Paris. Life and work Fran\u00e7ois Gaspard Adam, who came from a family of sculptors, was born in 1710 as the youngest son of the French sculptor Jacob-Sigisbert Adam and his wife S\u00e9bastienne Le L\u00e9al in the parish of Saint-S\u00e9bastien in\n\nQuestion: Define Hibiscus acetosella.", "output": "Hibiscus acetosella, the cranberry hibiscus or African rosemallow, is a flowering plant of the family Malvaceae."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gryponyx (meaning \"hooked-claw\") is an extinct genus of massopod sauropodomorph known from southern Free State, central South Africa. Description Gryponyx africanus is known from the holotype SAM 3357-59, a nearly complete postcranial skeleton which includes partial vertebral column, pelvis, both forelimbs and both hindlimbs. Gryponyx has been estimated to have been about in length. It was collected from the Upper Elliot Formation of the Stormberg Group (Karoo Basin), dating to the Hettangian to Sinemurian stages of the Lower Jurassic period. It was originally described by Broom (1911) as a theropod. Huene (1932) named the family Gryponychidae to contain Gryponyx and Aetonyx and placed it within Carnosauria. Galton and Cluver synonymized G. africanus with Massospondylus harriesi in 1976, which was in turn synonymized by Michael Cooper in 1981 with Massospondylus carinatus (and today M. harriesi is considered to be a nomen dubium). However, Vasconcelos and Yates (2004) found Gryponyx to be\n\nTheodore Tugboat is a Canadian children's television series about a tugboat named Theodore who lives in the Big Harbour with all of his friends. The show originated (and is set) in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada as a co-production between the CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation), and the now defunct Cochran Entertainment, and was filmed on a model set using radio controlled tugboats, ships, and machinery. Production of the show ended in 2001, and its distribution rights were later sold to Classic Media (now DreamWorks Classics). The show premiered in Canada on CBC Television, then went to PBS (Public Broadcasting Service), was on Qubo in the United States, and has appeared in eighty different countries. The show deals with life learning issues portrayed by the tugs or other ships in the harbour. Most often, the tugs have a problem, or get involved in a struggle with each other or another ship, but\n\n\u015euhut (Ottoman Turkish \u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f \u015euh\u016bd; formerly Ancient Greek \u03a3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b1 Synnada) is a town in Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of \u015euhut District. Its population is 15,054 (2021). It lies in a small plain, 29 km east of the city of Afyon. The mayor is Recep Bozkurt (AKP). History Excavations of a burial mound at Kepirtepe show the plain has been settled since the Neolithic period. The town was established during the Hittite period and grew under the Romans, by then it was known as Synnada. See Synnada for details on the area in antiquity and for the ecclesiastical history of the town in the Byzantine period. Today Today \u015euhut is a country town providing schools and other amenities to the surrounding rural area. Much of the land is used for raising beef cattle and growing wheat; \u015euhut is famed for the quality of\n\nQuestion: Define Theodore Tugboat.", "output": "Theodore Tugboat is a Canadian children's television series about a tugboat named Theodore who lives in the Big Harbour with all of his friends."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Trinity Cathedral (, Troitsky sobor; Troitse-Izmailovsky sobor), sometimes called the Troitsky Cathedral, in Saint Petersburg, Russia, is a formerly Russian Imperial Army Izmaylovskiy regiment Russian Orthodox church, an architectural landmark - a late example of the Empire style, built between 1828 and 1835 to a design by Vasily Stasov. It is located due south of the Admiralty on Izmaylovskiy Prospekt, not far from the Tekhnologichesky Institut Metro station. The cathedral, which can accommodate up to 3,000 visitors, has only recently begun to be restored to its pre-Revolutionary splendor after years of neglect. In honor of the victory in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877\u20131878, when the Russians liberated Bulgaria from the Ottoman domination, a memorial column was constructed in front of the northern facade of the cathedral in 1886. The cathedral became a part of the Saint Petersburg World Heritage Site in 1990. On August 25, 2006, with reconstruction work underway,\n\nHans Riddervold (7 November 1795 \u2013 20 July 1876) was a Norwegian priest and politician. Personal life He was born at Teien in \u00c5sg\u00e5rdstrand as a son of shipmaster Adolf Kvernheim Riddervold (1760\u20131817) and Bredine Bolette Nielsen (1773\u20131811). He was the father of Julius Riddervold, who in turn was a grandfather of Hans Julius Riddervold. Hans Riddervold's daughter Bodil Mathea married Cato Guldberg and the daughter Mette Marie Riddervold married Peter Andreas Jensen. Hans Riddervold married Anna Maria Bull (1803\u20131870) in June 1822. She was a younger sister of Cato Guldberg's mother Hanna Sophie Theresia Bull, making Cato and Bodil Mathea first cousins. Career He received his Cand.theol. degree in 1819. He was the bishop of Nidaros from 1843 until 1849. In 1827, he was elected to the Parliament of Norway and while in office, he was elected as the president of the Storting. He was the minister of church\n\nBaron Donington, of Donington Park in the County of Leicester, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 4 May 1880 for Charles Frederick Abney-Hastings. Born Charles Frederick Clifton, he was the widower of Edith Mary Abney-Hastings, 10th Countess of Loudoun. He and his wife had in 1859 assumed by Royal licence the surname of Abney-Hastings on succeeding to the Abney-Hastings estates after the death of his wife's kinsman Sir Charles Abney-Hastings, 2nd Baronet in 1858 (see Abney-Hastings baronets). They were both succeeded by their eldest son Charles Edward Rawdon-Hastings, 11th Earl of Loudoun and 2nd Baron Donington. However, on his death in 1920 the titles separated. The Scottish earldom was inherited by his niece Edith, daughter of his second brother the Hon. Major Paulyn Francis Cuthbert Rawdon-Hastings. The barony of Donington, which could only be inherited by male heirs, passed to his third\n\nQuestion: Define Trinity Cathedral, Saint Petersburg.", "output": "The Trinity Cathedral, sometimes called the Troitsky Cathedral, in Saint Petersburg, Russia, is a formerly Russian Imperial Army Izmaylovskiy regiment Russian Orthodox church, an architectural landmark - a late example of the Empire style, built between 1828 and 1835 to a design by Vasily Stasov."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Saham () is a coastal town in the Al Batinah Region, in northeastern Oman. It is located at about and has a population of 85,010 (2003 census). Saham is a fishing and a farming town between Al Khaboura and Sohar. Saham Fort & Souq The most known landmarks in Saham are the Souq and the Fort which are within each vicinity, the place is historical and for over 100 years it is known as the focal point for all local businesses and the Souq has been rebuilt to modern standards in 2018, the place is always lively and one of the most known events there is Souq Sabe'. Where farm owners bring their livestock for sale on the seventh of the Dhu al-Hijjah, three days before Eid Al Adha, for others to buy their sacrificial lamb for the day. Regions Saham is one of the largest states in AlBatinah in\n\nNashe Radio (, Our Radio, pronounced Nashe radio) is a Russian Rock music radio station. It was designed to promote Russian rock bands, as opposed to pop and Western music. Nashe is based in Moscow and broadcast in every major Russian city as well as through the internet stream. It was founded in 1998 by former Radio Maximum producer . Popular bands aired on Nashe include Zemfira, Aria, DDT, Kino, Splin, Bi-2, and many others, including Ukrainian and Belarusian bands, which are never considered foreign. The music style ranges from pop rock to heavy metal to folk rock and reggae, but Nashe's mainstream is 80's style classic rock and modern pop punk. Nashe Radio chart, \"Chart Dozen\" (Chartova duzhina, play on \"Devil's dozen\", as the chart consists of 13 positions), updated weekly, is the major rock music chart in Russia. Since 2003, yearly results of chart are celebrated in annual\n\nThe economy of Botswana is currently one of the world's fastest growing economies, averaging about 5% per annum over the past decade. Growth in private sector employment averaged about 10% per annum during the first 30 years of the country's independence. After a period of stagnation at the turn of the 21st century, Botswana's economy registered strong levels of growth, with GDP growth exceeding 6-7% targets. Botswana has been praised by the African Development Bank for sustaining one of the world's longest economic booms. Economic growth since the late 1960s has been on par with some of Asia's largest economies. The government has consistently maintained budget surpluses and has extensive foreign-exchange reserves. Botswana's impressive economic record compared to some of its neighbors has been built on a foundation of diamond mining, prudent fiscal policies, and a cautious foreign policy. Botswana's economy is mostly dependent on diamond mining. Diamond mining contributes\n\nQuestion: Define Nashe Radio.", "output": "Nashe Radio is a Russian Rock music radio station."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "An unenforceable contract or transaction is one that is valid but one the court will not enforce. Unenforceable is usually used in contradiction to void (or void ab initio) and voidable. If the parties perform the agreement, it will be valid, but the court will not compel them if they do not. An \"agreement to agree\", where a purported contract contains an obligation to enter into a subsequent agreement in the future, the terms of which are not certain at the time of the initial agreement, is generally considered to lack sufficient certainty to constitute a legally enforceable contract and is therefore unenforceable. However, an agreement under which \"the parties contemplate entering into a further, more formal, agreement later\" may be enforceable. Prostitution An example of a transaction which is an unenforceable contract is a contract for prostitution under English law. Prostitution is not actually a crime under English law,\n\nThe Cadbury Bournvita Quiz Contest is an Indian quiz contest that began on 12 April 1972. Sponsored by Cadbury India, it is one of India's most famous quiz contests. Originally held live in cities across the country, it later became a radio show and then, in June 1992, a television show on Zee TV. Later, the show was shifted to another television channel, Sony Entertainment Television. After a hiatus, it moved in a truncated version to Pogo, before landing its last TV outing in the channel Colors. In 2015, BQC completed its first YouTube-only season with Centre Point Nagpur as All India Champions. It then moved to its app called BQC where the viewers can play along. The show is hosted by Derek O'Brien. The original quiz master on the radio show was Hamid Sayani, a prominent Indian broadcast personality. After the first four years, Hamid died and the show\n\nBlitz BASIC is the programming language dialect of the first Blitz compilers, devised by New Zealand-based developer Mark Sibly. Being derived from BASIC, Blitz syntax was designed to be easy to pick up for beginners first learning to program. The languages are game-programming oriented but are often found general purpose enough to be used for most types of application. The Blitz language evolved as new products were released, with recent incarnations offering support for more advanced programming techniques such as object-orientation and multithreading. This led to the languages losing their BASIC moniker in later years. History The first iteration of the Blitz language was created for the Amiga platform and published by the Australian firm Memory and Storage Technology. Returning to New Zealand, Blitz BASIC 2 was published several years later (around 1993 according this press release ) by Acid Software (a local Amiga game publisher). Since then, Blitz compilers\n\nQuestion: What is Blitz BASIC", "output": "Blitz BASIC is the programming language dialect of the first Blitz compilers, devised by New Zealand-based developer Mark Sibly."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A pastizz (plural pastizzi) is a traditional savoury pastry from Malta. Pastizzi usually have a filling either of ricotta (tal-\u0127axu, pastizzi tal-irkotta, cheese cake) or curried peas (, pea cake). Pastizzi are a popular and well-known traditional Maltese food. It should not be confused with the Italian pastizz, better known as U' pastizz 'rtunnar. Preparation Pastizzi are usually diamond-shaped or round (known as pastizzi tax-xema''' in Maltese) and made with a pastry very much like the Greek filo pastry (although there is also a puff pastry version). The pastry is folded in different ways according to the filling, as a means of identification. Traditionally, cheese cakes (stuffed with ricotta) are folded down the middle, whereas pea cakes are folded down the side. In recent years, alternative pastizzi fillings have emerged, most notably chicken pastizzi which can now be found in virtually all Maltese pastizzeriji alongside the two traditional flavours. Other\n\nThe Paulinerkirche in the historic city center of G\u00f6ttingen was completed as a minster in 1304. Today it serves as a convention and exposition centre for the G\u00f6ttingen State and University Library. History In 1294 the Dominican Order was permitted to settle in G\u00f6ttingen and started to build a monastery in the western part of the city center. The minster was constructed in the style of a gothic hall church typical for the order. Upon completion of the minster the Paulinerkirche became the most ancient gothic hall church in the historic center of G\u00f6ttingen. It was dedicated in 1331 to the apostles Peter and Paul. This is the origin of the name of the church. Since 1341 it has been the repository of important relics of saint Thomas Aquinas. These drew great numbers of pilgrims to Thomasmass every year and provided the church with a good reputation even in distant\n\nAugustin Ndindiliyimana (born April 15, 1943) is a former Rwandan General and Chief of the Rwandan National Gendarmerie. He was convicted of genocide by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda but he was acquitted by the tribunal upon appeal. Background Military service Ndindiliyimana was born in Nyaruhengeri commune in Butare prefecture. He joined the military in 1966 and enrolled in the military academy and following his graduation in 1968 he attended the Royal Higher Institute of Defence in Brussels from 1971 and 1974. When Ndindiliyimana returned, he was assigned to work at the basic training centre in Kanombe and while stationed there he helped establish the Para Commando Battalion in 1975 and served as the unit\u2019s director of intelligence and training. In 1977, he was transferred to the Rwandan Superior Military School (\u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure Militaire), where he taught courses as well as commanding a group of trainees. Subsequently, in 1979\n\nQuestion: Who was Augustin Ndindiliyimana?", "output": "Augustin Ndindiliyimana is a former Rwandan General and Chief of the Rwandan National Gendarmerie."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bj\u00f6rn Phau (born 4 October 1979) is a retired German tennis player. He achieved a career-high singles ranking of World No. 59 in June 2006. Career highlights include reaching five ATP tour semifinals (Tokyo in 2005, Casablanca in 2006, Beijing in 2008, Houston in 2009 and Zagreb in 2014) and finishing runner-up in doubles at Munich in 2006 (partnering Alexander Peya). Phau defeated Andre Agassi 7\u20135, 7\u20135 at the 2006 Dubai Tennis Championships. In an interview, Agassi cited Phau as one of the quickest tennis players he has ever faced. His main strengths are his movement, foot speed and fitness. He is sponsored by Nike and Wilson. Personal life Phau was born in Darmstadt. He is the son of a German mother and an Indonesian father. ATP career finals Doubles: 1 (0\u20131) Challenger & Futures singles titles Doubles finals (1) Performance timelines Singles Doubles ''Current through the 2012 US Open\n\nJules de Balincourt (born 1972) is a French-born American contemporary artist, based in Brooklyn, New York. He is best known for his abstract, atmospheric paintings, with saturated colors, blurring the line between fantasy and reality. Biography In 1972 de Balincourt was born in Paris and moved throughout his childhood but primarily growing up near the Malibou Lake area in the Santa Monica Mountains. He was educated in the San Francisco Bay Area at the California College of the Arts (CCA), receiving a B.F.A. in ceramics in 1998 and went on to study in New York City at the Hunter College graduating in 2005 with an M.F.A. In 2006, de Balincourt founded the alternative art space Starr Space (formerly known as Starr Street Projects) in Brooklyn, New York. Starr Space operated for three years and was used for diverse community programming, art events, yoga, weekly farmers market, rock shows, church parties\n\nAviation Mall is a major regional shopping mall in Glens Falls North, New York. It serves the extreme northern portion of the Capital District (Albany Metropolitan Area) as well as the Glens Falls/Lake George area. The mall has a gross leasable area of . It is owned and managed by The Pyramid Companies. The mall features JCPenney, Dick's Sporting Goods, Target, and Ollie's Bargain Outlet, in addition to a nine-screen Regal Cinemas, and a Planet Fitness. History Aviation Mall opened in 1975 with JCPenney and Denby's (a regional chain) as anchors. The mall was relatively small when it first opened, but was later expanded with Sears and then Caldor. In 1994, JCPenney built a new store next to its original store, with mall management reconstructing the former space to feature more small store space. TJ Maxx was added the same year replacing space previously occupied by Magrams. In 1998, Caldor\n\nQuestion: What's Aviation Mall?", "output": "Aviation Mall is a major regional shopping mall in Glens Falls North, New York."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Palais Ephrussi is a former Ringstra\u00dfenpalais in Vienna. It was built for the Ephrussi family of financiers by Theophil Freiherr von Hansen, the architect of the Austrian Parliament Building. It is on the Ringstrasse, specifically the Universit\u00e4tsring (formerly Doctor-Karl-Lueger-Ring), opposite the Votivkirche. History Unlike traditional baroque noble palaces in Vienna, the Palais Ephrussi was built in the late 19th century and is therefore considered a Ringstra\u00dfenpalais. It is five storeys high and built in the typical neo-renaissance style popular at the time of its construction. The history of the building and the family is described in great detail in The Hare with Amber Eyes by Edmund de Waal, whose grandmother - Elisabeth de Waal n\u00e9e Ephrussi, born 1899 - spent her childhood and youth there; De Waal combined first-hand information from her with extensive research in available documents. World War II As noted by de Waal, shortly following Austria's annexation\n\nPeter Olrog Schj\u00f8tt (29 July 1833 \u2013 7 January 1926) was a Norwegian philologist and politician. Personal life Peter Olrog Schj\u00f8tt was born in 1833 to priest and politician Ole Hersted Schj\u00f8tt (1805\u20131848) and his wife Anna Jacobine, n\u00e9e Olrog, in Dybvaag where his father was stationed as vicar. He was named after his maternal grandfather Peter Olrog. He was the brother of philologist Steinar Schj\u00f8tt, who was born Stener Johannes Stenersen Schj\u00f8tt, named after professor of theology Stener Johannes Stenersen, but later adhered to Landsm\u00e5l and Norwegianized his name. Peter Olrog Schj\u00f8tt married Mathilde (1844\u20131926) from Christiania, philologist and daughter of noted jurist Bernhard Dunker. Their most prominent child was jurist Sofie Schj\u00f8tt. Career An academic, Schj\u00f8tt was appointed acting lector in Greek philology at the University of Christiania in May 1865. In January 1866 he was given a permanent position as lector, and in June the same year\n\nSilas Francis Marean Chatard (December 13, 1834 \u2013 September 7, 1918) was a Catholic Bishop of Indianapolis in the United States. Life He was born Silas Francis Marean Chatard in Baltimore, Maryland, on December 13, 1834, to Ferdinand E. Chatard and Eliza Marean. Both his father, Ferdinand, and his paternal grandfather, Pierre, an emigrant from Santo Domingo, West Indies, were physicians in Baltimore. His paternal grandmother, Eliza Anna Chatard, was a financial supporter of the Oblate Sisters of Providence. Raised in a prominent family, he attended Mount Saint Mary's College in Emmitsburg (now Mount Saint Mary's University), and the Maryland University School of Medicine, receiving a doctorate in medicine. He served his residency at the Baltimore Alms House. Soon afterward, he felt the call to priesthood and in 1857 began studying at the Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide in Rome. He was ordained on June 14, 1862, and received\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Palais Ephrussi is.", "output": "Palais Ephrussi is a former Ringstra\u00dfenpalais in Vienna."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The King of Fighters Neowave (KOF Neowave, or KOF NW) is a 2D fighting game produced by SNK Playmore and released as a coin-operated arcade game for Sammys Atomiswave hardware in 2004. It was the first game SNK Playmore produced for the Atomiswave. This is a remake of The King of Fighters 2002 with a major change of roster and stages, the game was also made on the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. The PS2 version was released only in Japan and the PAL region, the Xbox version was released both in Japan and North America. The North American version was released on April 18, 2006. In 2020, a Dreamcast homebrew adaptation of the arcade version was also made possible due to the Dreamcast sharing almost identical hardware with its Atomiswave cousin. The character artwork was done by Tomokazu Nakano (of Power Instinct fame). In Japan, it was the last game\n\nThe Nepean Raiders are a Junior ice hockey team from Nepean, Ontario, Canada. They are a part of the Central Canada Hockey League. The town of Nepean was granted expansion after the Cornwall Royals and the Hull Hawks left the CJHL for the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The Raiders started their operations in the Valley division of the Junior \"B\" League in 1966, switching over to the Central Junior Hockey League in 1972. History Nepean made the finals multiple times between 1972 and 1981. In the 1980s. Steve Yzerman and Darren Pang are still known for being the most-outstanding Raiders in the early era. The Raiders struggled in the 1980s and 1990s missing the playoffs multiple times, and set a season-record for the most-penalized CJHL team in 1995-96. The Nepean Raiders came under new ownership with Gord Black in 1998. Black had previously attempted to purchase the Ottawa 67's.\n\nSavannah Christian Preparatory School (SCPS) is a private, college preparatory, non-denominational Christian school located in Savannah, Georgia, United States. Campuses Chatham Parkway The Chatham Parkway campus hosts over 1,180 lower, middle and upper school students, and 250 daycare/preschool students. Facilities include thirteen buildings with classrooms, labs, media centers, gyms, a dining hall, an outdoor pool, a track, five athletic fields, three playgrounds, and the Ecological Diversity for Educational Networking (E.D.E.N.) Outdoor Education Center. This campus is the site of the Eckburg Center (opened in November 2007) which is the new fine arts and athletic facility for the Upper School as well as the new daycare/preschool center (opened in August 2008). History On September 17, 1951, Rev. George and Mrs. Harold Deane Akins, launched SCPS as the \"Evangelical Bible Institute\" with eight students. It officially became Savannah Christian School in 1954, and then Savannah Christian Preparatory School (SCPS) in 1978. Student\n\nQuestion: What's Savannah Christian Preparatory School?", "output": "Savannah Christian Preparatory School is a private, college preparatory, non-denominational Christian school located in Savannah, Georgia, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alvah Robert \"Al\" Holbert (November 11, 1946 \u2013 September 30, 1988) was an American automobile racing driver who was a five-time champion of the IMSA Camel GT series and the fifth driver to complete the informal triple Crown of endurance racing. He once held the record with the most IMSA race wins at 49. Life and career Holbert was born in Abington, Pennsylvania. He was the son of racecar driver Bob Holbert, who also ran a Volkswagen-Porsche dealership in Warrington, PA, near Philadelphia (one of the first Porsche dealerships in the USA). Holbert worked for Roger Penske while studying at Lehigh University, where he graduated with a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering in 1968. Holbert began racing Porsches in the northeast division of the SCCA, racing a C-production Porsche 914/6 against, among others, Bob Tullius (Triumph TR6) and Bob Sharp (Datsun 240Z). In 1971, Holbert scored his first race win in\n\nFort Vredeburg Museum (; ) was a former colonial fortress located in the city of Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The military complex has been converted into a museum of the Indonesian independence struggle which was opened in 1992. It is located in front of Gedung Agung and near the Kraton Yogyakarta (Sultan's Palace). History The Fortress In 1760, after the foundation of the new Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, the Dutch governor of North Java coast Nicolaas Harting requested a fort to be built in Yogyakarta. The barracks was built on a plot provided by Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, the first fort was a simple wooden fort with four bastions. Later in 1767 the fortress was extended and converted into a more permanent structure under supervision of a Dutch architect Frans Haak. After its completion in 1787 the fort was named Fort Rustenburg (\"resting fort\" in Dutch). In 1867 the old\n\nIntraoperative blood salvage (IOS), also known as cell salvage, is a specific type of autologous blood transfusion. Specifically IOS is a medical procedure involving recovering blood lost during surgery and re-infusing it into the patient. It is a major form of autotransfusion. It has been used for many years and gained greater attention over time as risks associated with allogenic (separate-donor) blood transfusion have seen greater publicity and become more fully appreciated. Several medical devices have been developed to assist in salvaging the patient's own blood in the perioperative setting. The procedure is frequently used in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery, during which blood usage has traditionally been high. A greater effort to avoid adverse events due to transfusion has also increased the emphasis on blood conservation (see bloodless surgery). Background Providing safe blood for transfusion remains a challenge despite advances in preventing transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Fort Vredeburg Museum is.", "output": "Fort Vredeburg Museum was a former colonial fortress located in the city of Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nuussuaq (old spelling: N\u00fbgssuaq), formerly Kraulshavn, is a settlement in Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland. It is the only mainland settlement in the Upernavik Archipelago, located near the western tip of the Nuussuaq Peninsula, on the northern coast of Sugar Loaf Bay, an indentation of Baffin Bay. The settlement was founded in 1923 as a trading station, growing in size during the post-war consolidation phase, when hunters from several small villages in the region of neighboring Inussulik Bay, Sugar Loaf Bay, and Tasiusaq Bay moved into the larger settlements such as Nuussuaq and Kullorsuaq further north in Melville Bay. Today Nuussuaq remains one of the most traditional hunting and fishing villages in Greenland, with a stable population. The settlement had 181 inhabitants in 2020. History Prehistory The Upernavik Archipelago belongs to the earliest-settled areas of Greenland; the first migrants arriving approximately 2,000 years BCE All southbound migrations of the Inuit\n\nA season premiere is the first episode of a new season of a returning television show. In the United States, many season premieres are aired in the fall time or, for mid-season replacements, either in the spring or late winter. In countries such as Australia and the UK, a season premiere can be broadcast at any time of the year. In Australia, the premieres of several shows are in mid- to late summer, late January or early February. Mid-season premiere In the 2000s, the terms \"mid-season premiere\" and \"spring premiere\" began being used by television broadcasters in the United States to denote the first episode after a mid-season hiatus, often following the holiday season leading into spring and summer months. As with a season/series premiere, a mid-season premiere can include a major plot development, cast change, or resolution to a cliffhanger ending that featured in the \"mid-season finale\" in order\n\nPatrick Neeson Lynch (March 10, 1817 \u2013 February 26, 1882) was an Irish-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Charleston in the Southeastern United States from 1857 until his death in 1882. Biography Early life Patrick Lynch's birthplace is sometimes attributed to Clones, County Monaghan but he was actually born in the County Fermanagh portion of the Parish of Clones, probably in the townland of Kibberidogue. His parents were Conlaw Peter and Eleanor (n\u00e9e Neison) Lynch. Eleanor's father disapproved of the marriage and disinherited her. In 1819, the Lynch family immigrated to the United States, settling in Cheraw, South Carolina. Like their neighbors, they became slave owners. Lynch was one of fourteen children, twelve of whom lived to maturity. One sister became a Carmelite nun in Baltimore, another sister became an Ursuline nun; his brother John became a doctor in Columbia, South\n\nQuestion: What is Season premiere?", "output": "A season premiere is the first episode of a new season of a returning television show."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "WBHM (90.3 MHz) is a non-commercial public FM radio station in Birmingham, Alabama. The station is licensed to the University of Alabama at Birmingham, where it maintains its radio studios on 11th Street South. WBHM features programming from National Public Radio, American Public Media and Public Radio Exchange. On weekdays, it carries news and information programming, with classical music heard late nights, seven days a week. Weekend programming includes public radio shows such as Wait, Wait, Don't Tell Me, On The Media, The Moth Radio Hour and Travel with Rick Steves, as well as Bluegrass music and New Age music. WBHM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 32,000 watts. The transmitter is in Vulcan Park, amid towers for other Birmingham-area FM and TV stations. It broadcasts using HD Radio technology. On a digital subchannel, it operates the Alabama Radio Reading Service for blind and visually impaired listeners. Articles from\n\nAlan Garner (born 17 October 1934) is an English novelist best known for his children's fantasy novels and his retellings of traditional British folk tales. Much of his work is rooted in the landscape, history and folklore of his native county of Cheshire, North West England, being set in the region and making use of the native Cheshire dialect. Born in Congleton, Garner grew up around the nearby town of Alderley Edge, and spent much of his youth in the wooded area known locally as \"The Edge\", where he gained an early interest in the folklore of the region. Studying at Manchester Grammar School and then briefly at Oxford University, in 1957 he moved to the village of Blackden, where he bought and renovated an Early Modern Period (circa 1590) building known as Toad Hall. His first novel, The Weirdstone of Brisingamen, was published in 1960. A children's fantasy novel\n\nMark Greenstreet (born 19 April 1960) is a British actor who first came to prominence in the 1985 BBC television serial Brat Farrar. First and foremost a stage actor, Greenstreet played many of the great leading roles from the works of Shakespeare, Chekhov, and Ibsen to Orton, Wilde, and Coward in the UK and around the world in the 1980s and 1990s. His most high-profile screen role is probably the part of Mike Hardy in the BBC horseracing drama Trainer, which was shown from 1991 to 1992. In 1986, he auditioned for the part of James Bond in The Living Daylights. Fans of the science-fiction series Doctor Who may remember Greenstreet's performance as Ikona in the 1987 serial Time and the Rani. He directed and co-wrote his first feature film Caught in the Act in 1995, wrote and directed the highly acclaimed short film The 13th Protocol in 2005, and\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Mark Greenstreet.", "output": "Mark Greenstreet is a British actor who first came to prominence in the 1985 BBC television serial Brat Farrar."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Reneta Ivanova Indzhova ( ) (born 6 July 1953) is a Bulgarian politician and manager. Between October 1994 and January 1995 she served as Prime Minister of Bulgaria, the first, and so far, only, woman in Bulgaria to hold this office. Biography Reneta Indzhova was born 6 July 1953 in Nova Zagora. She studied at the university, obtained a PhD and became professor of political economy. She married and had a child, but later divorced. She worked as a financial expert for the liberal-conservative Democratic Union (UDF) and was head of Bulgaria's Privatization Agency (1992\u20131994). Interim Prime Minister of Bulgaria Indzhova was appointed by President Zhelev, former leader of the UDF, to head a caretaker government after the collapse of Lyuben Berov's cabinet. During her brief time in office she gained some popularity for her efforts to combat organized crime. Subsequent roles In 1995 Indzhova ran for Mayor of Sofia\n\nAs Schools Match Wits is a high school quiz show, hosted by Beth Ward, that airs on PBS member station WGBY in Springfield, Massachusetts, and which is produced in association with Westfield State University. As Schools Match Wits is well known throughout Western Massachusetts and northern Connecticut. Gameplay Two teams of four high school students compete in a trivia and academic knowledge competition. At the beginning of the show, there is a coin toss, and the winning team gets to make the first selection of a category and point value from the game board. There are six categories, Arts & Entertainment, Literature, Math & Science, General Knowledge, Social Studies, and World Events. In each category, there are four questions, worth 30, 25, 20, and 15 points respectively. After a team chooses a category and point value, it is asked a qualifying question on which the team may confer before offering\n\nGeoffrey William Humpage (born 24 April 1954) is a former England cricketer who played in three One Day Internationals in 1981. Humpage played in county cricket as a hard-hitting middle-order batsman and wicketkeeper for Warwickshire from 1974 to 1990. He was born at Sparkbrook in Birmingham in 1954. , he still holds the Warwickshire batting record for the fourth wicket: a stand of 470 with Alvin Kallicharran against Lancashire at Southport in 1982, of which Humpage contributed 254 (his highest first-class score), in a match which Warwickshire lost by ten wickets. As of 2022, this is the fourth highest fourth-wicket partnership in first-class cricket anywhere, and the highest ever in England. He went on the rebel tour to South Africa in 1981\u201382, which effectively ended his international career after just three ODIs, despite it having no similar effect on the international careers of other rebel tourists including Graham Gooch, John\n\nQuestion: Who was Reneta Indzhova?", "output": "Reneta Ivanova Indzhova is a Bulgarian politician and manager."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": ", is a Confucian temple () in Yushima, Bunky\u014d, Tokyo, Japan. It was established in end of the 17th century during the Genroku era of the Edo period. Towards the late Edo period, one of the most important educational institutions of the shogunate, the ), or , was founded on its grounds. Background In 1632, Tokugawa Yoshinao, the 9th son of Tokugawa Ieyasu and daimy\u014d of Owari Domain was granted permission to build an academy in Edo for the study and propagation of Confucianism. The first structure, the Sensei-den (\u5148\u8056\u6bbf), constructed by the neo-Confucian scholar Hayashi Razan (1583\u20131657) in his grounds at Shinobu-ga-oka (now in Ueno Park). Under succeeding generations of Tokugawa shoguns and under the leadership of the Hayashi clan, Japanese Neo-Confucianism, particularly as developed in the teachings of Zhu Xi became the official orthodoxy and basis of the political philosophy of the Tokugawa shogunate. The fifth shogun, Tokugawa\n\nTamariba Club is a rugby union club in Tokyo, so-called because it is located near the Tama River (Tamagawa). It has been in existence since 2000, and has also been the top club side in Japan for most of that time. Most of the players are former members of Waseda University Rugby Football Club and Keio University Rugby Football Club. Results As the champion club team, playing the top university team: February 4, 2006. Lost to Waseda University in the first round of the 43rd All-Japan Championship. Tamariba 7 Waseda 47 February 3, 2007. Lost to Kanto Gakuin University RFC in the first round of the 44th All-Japan Championship. Tamariba 17 Kanto Gakuin 47 February 23, 2008. Lost to Waseda University in the first round of the 45th All-Japan Championship. Tamariba 0 Waseda 48 February 7, 2008. Lost to Waseda University in the first round of the 46th All-Japan Championship.\n\nMichael William Dale (born 22 March 1968) is the keyboardist for the English rock indie band, Embrace. He grew up in the Heaton area of Bradford, West Yorkshire. He officially joined the band in October 1998, just after the release of their first album, The Good Will Out. Dale had been playing live and on record with the rest of the band beforehand, but was an 'unofficial member'. He composed all of the string arrangements for The Good Will Out. Prior to joining Embrace, he had previous experience with local bands Poppy Factory, Kitsch, Copingsaw, Lazer Boy and more famously Cud, who enjoyed moderate success themselves, including three Top 40 singles. As well as his continuing work as a member of Embrace, Dale is currently working as a producer, making records with bands such as Glass Mountain, LELO, Marsicans, Talkboy and Faux Pas. He also owns and runs his own\n\nQuestion: What is Tamariba Club?", "output": "Tamariba Club is a rugby union club in Tokyo, so-called because it is located near the Tama River."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hakkasan is a Chinese restaurant first opened in Fitzrovia in London, England but has since expanded to many cities worldwide. The restaurant was founded in 2001 by Alan Yau, who was also behind the Wagamama Japanese restaurants and later the Yauatcha restaurant, also in London. It serves modern Chinese cuisine fused with Western upscale dining experience. The Hakkasan group has also branched into hospitality and entertainment including a nightclub opened in Las Vegas. History The restaurant opened in April 2001 at Hanway Place, London by Alan Yau. It distinguished itself from the other Chinese restaurants in London by offering upmarket fare combined with Western dining experience. The restaurant has a distinctive interior designed by the French designer Christian Liaigre fusing modern aesthetic with traditional Chinese motifs, and features a carved wooden cage as dining space. Elements of the restaurant design is replicated in other Hakkasan restaurants. In January 2008, Yau\n\nPilo\u00f1a () is a municipality in the province and autonomous community of Asturias, northwestern Spain. Its capital is the town of Infiesto. Pilo\u00f1a is bounded to the north by Villaviciosa and Colunga, to the east by Parres, to the west by Nava and Cabranes, and to the south by Ponga, Caso, Sobrescobio and Laviana. The area is semi-mountainous with many small, but deep and narrow valleys. History In prehistoric times there were paleolithic settlements in caves in Pilo\u00f1a such as Aviao (Espinaredo) Cave, Collar\u00e9u Cave, and La Pe\u00f1a Ferran (Ferran Rock) which were excavated by the Count de la Vega del Sella in the 1920s. There are several sites with paleolithic rock art and Neanderthal remains, including Sidr\u00f3n Cave in Borines. Pilo\u00f1a lies in a narrow basin that runs parallel with the coast. Over time it formed part of the natural path between Oviedo and Cangas de On\u00eds, which connects\n\nAlbrecht VII, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (16 January 1537 \u2013 10 April 1605) was Count of Schwarzburg and founder of the Line of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, which later received the title of Prince. Early life He was the youngest of the surviving sons of G\u00fcnther XL, Count of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg and his wife Countess Elisabeth zu Ysenburg-B\u00fcdingen-Birstein (1508-1572). Biography His father, G\u00fcnther XL, had united all of the Schwarzburg possessions. After he died in 1552, the county inherited by his four surviving sons, G\u00fcnther XLI, John G\u00fcnther I, William I and Albrecht VII, who divided their country in 1572. After the deaths of childless G\u00fcnther XLI in 1583 and Wilhelm I in 1597, his possessions were divided between the still living brothers Johann G\u00fcnther and Albrecht VII. This partition became the beginning of two lines of the house of Schwarzburg, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, both of which existed until the post-World War I major governmental\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Pilo\u00f1a is.", "output": "Pilo\u00f1a is a municipality in the province and autonomous community of Asturias, northwestern Spain."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In differential geometry, the notion of torsion is a manner of characterizing a twist or screw of a moving frame around a curve. The torsion of a curve, as it appears in the Frenet\u2013Serret formulas, for instance, quantifies the twist of a curve about its tangent vector as the curve evolves (or rather the rotation of the Frenet\u2013Serret frame about the tangent vector). In the geometry of surfaces, the geodesic torsion describes how a surface twists about a curve on the surface. The companion notion of curvature measures how moving frames \"roll\" along a curve \"without twisting\". More generally, on a differentiable manifold equipped with an affine connection (that is, a connection in the tangent bundle), torsion and curvature form the two fundamental invariants of the connection. In this context, torsion gives an intrinsic characterization of how tangent spaces twist about a curve when they are parallel transported; whereas curvature\n\nMariano Esteban Uglessich ( born 6 November 1981 in Buenos Aires) is a retired Argentine footballer who played as a defender. Career V\u00e9lez Sarfield, Mexico and Arsenal He started playing at V\u00e9lez S\u00e1rsfield youth divisions, and debuted professionally on 22 February 2002. He played very briefly for the Mexican League System Segunda Divisi\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico Quer\u00e9taro F.C. in the first quarter of 2004, but after that returned to V\u00e9lez S\u00e1rsfield. He was part of the team that won the Torneo Clausura 2005 but he hardly ever played due to being overshadowed by Fabricio Fuentes, Maximiliano Pellegrino and Hern\u00e1n Pellerano. During the 2007\u201308 season, after Pellegrino's departure, Uglessich was a regular starter in V\u00e9lez. On 3 February 2009, the central defender left Velez Sarsfield by mutual consent with the club. Arsenal de Sarand\u00ed signed the former Velez Sarsfield. Spain On 12 August 2009, he signed with Albacete Balompi\u00e9. On 7 January\n\nIn mathematics, a field is algebraically closed if every non-constant polynomial in (the univariate polynomial ring with coefficients in ) has a root in . Examples As an example, the field of real numbers is not algebraically closed, because the polynomial equation has no solution in real numbers, even though all its coefficients (1 and 0) are real. The same argument proves that no subfield of the real field is algebraically closed; in particular, the field of rational numbers is not algebraically closed. By contrast, the fundamental theorem of algebra states that the field of complex numbers is algebraically closed. Another example of an algebraically closed field is the field of (complex) algebraic numbers. No finite field F is algebraically closed, because if a1, a2, ..., an are the elements of F, then the polynomial (x \u2212 a1)(x \u2212 a2) \u22ef (x \u2212 an) + 1 has no zero in\n\nQuestion: Who was Mariano Uglessich?", "output": "Mariano Esteban Uglessich is a retired Argentine footballer who played as a defender."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Theriac or theriaca is a medical concoction originally labelled by the Greeks in the 1st century AD and widely adopted in the ancient world as far away as Persia, China and India via the trading links of the Silk Route. It was an alexipharmic, or antidote for a variety of poisons and diseases. It was also considered a panacea, a term for which it could be used interchangeably: in the 16th century Adam Lonicer wrote that garlic was the rustic's theriac or Heal-All.<ref>A. Vogel, \"Allium sativum\". 'Plant Encyclopedia.</ref> The word theriac comes from the Greek term \u03b8\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae (th\u0113riak\u0113), a feminine adjective signifying \"pertaining to animals\", from \u03b8\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03bd (th\u0113rion), \"wild animal, beast\". The ancient bestiaries included information\u2014often fanciful\u2014about dangerous beasts and their bites. When cane sugar was an exotic Eastern commodity, the English recommended the sugar-based treacle as an antidote against poison, originally applied as a salve. By extension, treacle could\n\nFighting Mania: Fist of the North Star, released in Japan as , is a boxing game based on the manga series Fist of the North Star released by Konami in 2000 as a coin-operated arcade game. Cabinet The arcade cabinet stands about 6'2\" tall, 34\" wide (when facing the machine), and about 4' deep. The monitor is recessed into the cabinet a fair distance, and in the front of the cabinet are six orange, sturdy punching pads with red LED lights embedded near their hinges. The pads are at rest along the inside walls of the recession of the cabinet, lining the monitor. There are also two black plastic \"special gloves\" that rest in pockets on the front of the machine, which are normally tied with rope or chain to the arcade cabinet to prevent theft. The player is to wear these gloves while playing (although it is also common\n\nDenis Simpson (born Dennis Anthony Leopold Simpson; 4 November 1950 \u2013 22 October 2010) was a Canadian actor and singer best known as a host of the TV series Polka Dot Door. He was also an original member of the singing group The Nylons. Early life and family Born in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica, Simpson arrived in Canada at the age of eight and moved with his family to the Toronto suburb of Scarborough at age 10. He attended Guildwood Public School and was remembered as an exceptional student and a friendly and gentle young man. His half-sister, born 1964, is actress Gloria Reuben. At York University, where he studied for one year, Simpson focused on music, theatre, and dance. Career The original bass vocalist for The Nylons in 1978\u201379, he left the band to appear in the Broadway musical Indigo before they became commercially successful. Simpson was also a\n\nQuestion: What is Fighting Mania?", "output": "Fighting Mania: Fist of the North Star, released in Japan as , is a boxing game based on the manga series Fist of the North Star released by Konami in 2000 as a coin-operated arcade game."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Colonel John Nicholas Blashford-Snell (born 22 October 1936) is a former British Army officer, explorer and author. He founded Operation Raleigh and the Scientific Exploration Society. Early life and education John Nicholas Blashford-Snell was born on 22 October 1936 in Hereford, England, the son of Alderman the Reverend Leland John Blashford-Snell (1903\u20131978), MBE, Prebendary of Hereford Cathedral, and formerly of the Royal Army Chaplains' Department, and Gwendoline Ives Sadler. Blashford-Snell grew up in Herefordshire and Jersey and was educated at Victoria College, Jersey from 1950. Blashford-Snell joined the British Army and attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst as an officer cadet after which he was commissioned into the Royal Engineers on 2 August 1957. Military service Having served his initial two years of his commission as a Second Lieutenant Blashford-Snell was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant on 2 August 1959 and then Captain after four years on 2 August\n\nTerry Lee Collins (born May 27, 1949) is an American former professional baseball manager. He managed the Houston Astros, the Anaheim Angels and New York Mets in Major League Baseball and the Orix Buffaloes of Nippon Professional Baseball. He currently serves as a baseball analyst for Mets programming on SNY. A former Minor League Baseball shortstop, Collins managed the Albuquerque Dukes of the Pacific Coast League and the Buffalo Bisons of the International League at the minor league level, and the Duluth Huskies of the Northwoods League at the summer collegiate league level. In 1994, he made his MLB managerial debut with the Houston Astros. He also managed the Anaheim Angels for three years. Known as a \"feisty and intense manager\", Collins had his longest tenure as manager of the New York Mets (his first major league job in a decade), where he led them to their first playoff appearance\n\nBrian Russell De Palma (born September 11, 1940) is an American film director and screenwriter. With a career spanning over 50 years, he is best known for work in the suspense, crime and psychological thriller genres. His films include mainstream box office hits such as Carrie (1976), Dressed to Kill (1980), Scarface (1983), The Untouchables (1987), and Mission: Impossible (1996), as well as cult favorites such as Sisters (1972), Phantom of the Paradise (1974), Blow Out (1981), Casualties of War (1989), and Carlito's Way (1993). De Palma was a leading member of the New Hollywood generation of film directors. His direction often makes use of quotations from other films or cinematic styles, and bears the influence of filmmakers such as Alfred Hitchcock and Michelangelo Antonioni. His work has been criticized for its violence and sexual content but has also been championed by American critics such as Roger Ebert and Pauline\n\nQuestion: Who is Brian De Palma", "output": "Brian Russell De Palma is an American film director and screenwriter."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Joanie Louise Cunningham is a fictional character, played by Erin Moran on the sitcoms Happy Days and Joanie Loves Chachi. Her first appearance was on one episode of Love, American Style, where she was played by Susan Neher. The character is the daughter of Howard and Marion Cunningham, and the younger sister of Chuck and Richie Cunningham. In early seasons, Joanie is always nosy toward Richie's makeout sessions with his girlfriends. Also, in early seasons, Joanie is a member of a girl scout-type organization called the \"Junior Chipmunks\". She develops a brief crush on Potsie after he sings to her (see \"They Call It Potsie Love\" from Season 3). As she grows older, Joanie becomes best friends with the promiscuous Jenny Piccalo, who is only referred to but not revealed onscreen until Season 8. Joanie always complains and pouts whenever she is sent to her room by her parents for\n\nThe Scottish National League Division One (known as Tennent's National League Division 1 for sponsorship reasons) is the second tier of the Scottish League Championship for amateur rugby union clubs in Scotland. The division was established in its current format in 2014, with the creation of three national leagues below the Premiership. For the 2023\u201324 season, the division was reduced from 12 to 10 teams. Promotion and Relegation The winners are promoted to the Scottish Premiership, with the runners-up entering a play-off at a neutral venue against the 9th-placed team in the Premiership. The bottom two teams are relegated to Scottish National League Division Two. Promoted from 2022\u201323 National League Division 2 Glasgow Academicals (1st) Relegated from 2022\u201323 Scottish Premiership GHA (10th) 2023\u201324 Clubs The Super 6 clubs were also allowed to run 2XV sides in this league for the 2019\u201320 season (not shown on map). Past winners Winners of\n\nEdward Bowes (June 14, 1874 \u2013 June 13, 1946), professionally known as Major Edward Bowes, was an American radio personality of the 1930s and 1940s whose Major Bowes Amateur Hour was the best-known amateur talent show on radio during its 18-year run (1935\u20131952) on NBC Radio and CBS Radio. Early life and radio career Bowes\u2019 father died when he was six years old, and young Edward worked as he could to augment the family income. After leaving grammar school he worked as an office boy, and then went into the real estate business, until the cataclysmic 1906 San Francisco earthquake wiped out his fortune. He then moved to New York City in search of other opportunities, soon realizing that the theatrical world was lucrative, and he worked busily in New York as a musical conductor, composer, and arranger. He also produced Broadway shows such as Kindling in 1911\u201312 and The\n\nQuestion: What's Scottish National League Division One?", "output": "The Scottish National League Division One is the second tier of the Scottish League Championship for amateur rugby union clubs in Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Phillip Arthur Charles Lawrence Oppenheim (born 20 March 1956) is a British businessman and former politician. Early life Oppenheim was born in Lambeth in South London, in 1956. He is the son of former Conservative government minister Sally Oppenheim. Education Oppenheim was educated at Harrow School, in north-west London, and Oriel College, Oxford. Political career Oppenheim was unexpectedly elected with the largest swing in the 1983 election as the Conservative Member of Parliament for the one time safe-Labour coal mining seat of Amber Valley. In the 1987 election he increased his vote share by over 10% in what was picked out by the election analysts David Butler and Robert Waller as being among a few \"exceptional results\" seen in \"individual constituencies\" in that election. He represented it until electoral defeat in the 1997 general election to Labour's Judy Mallaber. During his time in Parliament, Oppenheim served in various ministerial posts\n\nPleymo is a French nu metal band formed by Mark Maggiori, Beno\u00eet Julliard, Fred Ceraudo, and Mathias Borronquet in Paris in 1997. Pleymo has sold over 100,000 albums to date. The band's name apparently originates from the lead singer once having a haircut as a child that was similar to that of Playmobil figures. History Beginning, Ke\u00e7kispasse? and record deal (1997\u20132000) Pleymo started in 1997 under the name of \"Pleymobill\", but the name was eventually shortened to the name they have now when the band's lineup expanded to five due to the inclusion of turntablist DJ Frank (Frank Bailleul). The same year, Mathias, the guitarist at the time, exited the band and Erik De Villoutreys eventually replaced Mattias as the guitarist. Little by little the group was growing and then caught the attention of the producer St\u00e9phane Kraemer. On June 15, 1999 they released their first album called Ke\u00e7kispasse? signed\n\n, or , is a covered speed skating oval in the city of Nagano, Japan. M-Wave, which opened in November, 1996, was constructed for the speed skating events at the 1998 Winter Olympics. It was Japan's first International Skating Union (ISU) standard indoor 400m double-track, and only second indoor track speed skating in Japan. The other, Meiji Hokkaido-Tokachi Oval, is located in Obihiro, Hokkaido. In addition to the 1998 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, the 2002 World Figure Skating Championships, various ISU world speed skating championships and speed skating world cups, and the 2005 Special Winter Olympics were held.Outside the winter business, other sporting events, large-scale exhibitions and concerts are held. M-Wave is located in the eastern sections of Nagano City, in the communities of and , near the Chikuma River and the city of . M-Wave is located within short distance of four other venues of the 1998 Winter Olympics.\n\nQuestion: What is Pleymo", "output": "Pleymo is a French nu metal band formed by Mark Maggiori, Beno\u00eet Julliard, Fred Ceraudo, and Mathias Borronquet in Paris in 1997."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Crossmyloof railway station is a railway station serving the areas of Crossmyloof and Shawlands in Glasgow, Scotland, located from Glasgow Central. The station is managed by ScotRail and is served by trains on the Glasgow South Western Line. The overline station building was removed during the late 1990s. The overbridge (Titwood Road) was rebuilt during 2006. On 6 October 2012, a Highland cow escaped the nearby Pollok Country Park and walked the rail line to this station, where it was captured and returned. Services The station is served by trains on both the and lines, with a half-hourly frequency to each (one Barrhead service per hour extends to Kilmarnock, with 1 per day extended to Dumfries). This gives the station four departures each hour to , these tend to be at 10, 20, 40 and 50 minutes past the hour, give or take a couple of minutes. Evening service is\n\nThe East Slovak Gallery, established in 1951, was the first regional gallery in Slovakia. The mission of the Gallery is the protection and presentation of the collection and documentation of the art scene and artistic life in the region of Eastern Slovakia. Commission Today the Gallery houses over 7,000 works of art. Apart from a representative collection of nineteenth and twentieth century art from the region of Eastern Slovakia, the collection also provides an overview of modern and contemporary Slovak art. In addition to its extensive exhibition activities the Gallery also focuses on research and exploration of art scene in Eastern Slovakia, and especially of Ko\u0161ice modernism, the phenomenon associated with the 1920s characterised by the unusual development of modern art. In its vast premises, the Gallery presents a wide range of Slovak and international art. The accompanying activities such as guided tours, children\u00b4s workshops or lectures and Library with\n\nThe \u00c9sagila or Esangil ( , \"temple whose top is lofty\") was a temple dedicated to Marduk, the protector god of Babylon. It lay south of the ziggurat Etemenanki. Description In this temple was the statue of Marduk, surrounded by cult images of the cities that had fallen under the hegemony of the Babylonian Empire from the 18th century BC; there was also a little lake which was named Abzu by the Babylonian priests. This Abzu was a representation of Marduk's father, Enki, who was god of the waters and lived in the Abzu that was the source of all the fresh waters. Esarhaddon, king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (681 \u2013 669 BC), reconstructed the temple. He claimed that he built the temple from the foundation to the battlements, a claim corroborated by dedicatory inscriptions found on the stones of the temple's walls on the site. The Esagila complex, completed\n\nQuestion: What is Esagila", "output": "The \u00c9sagila or Esangil was a temple dedicated to Marduk, the protector god of Babylon."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Milan Kangrga (1 May 1923 \u2013 25 April 2008) was a Croatian and Yugoslav philosopher who was one of the leading thinkers in the Praxis School of thought which originated in the 1960s in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Biography Kangrga was born in Zagreb, where he attended elementary and grammar school. In 1950, he graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy in Zagreb, where he commenced his work as a teaching assistant working in the fields of ethics and aesthetics. Between 1962 and 1964, he studied in Heidelberg, Germany. He became a tenured professor in 1972 and he held this position until his retirement in 1993. Kangrga started his confrontation with the Yugoslav communist leadership during his undergraduate studies in February 1948, before the clash of Joseph Broz Tito with Joseph Stalin. Then, he published his first philosophical article entitled On Ethics in Studentski list (Zagreb), which the League\n\nAccompanying Hurricane Katrina's catastrophic coastal impacts was a moderate tornado outbreak spawned by the cyclone's outer bands. The event spanned August 26\u201331, 2005, with 57 tornadoes touching down across 8 states. One person died and numerous communities suffered damage of varying degrees from central Mississippi to Pennsylvania, with Georgia sustaining record monetary damage for the month of August. Due to extreme devastation in coastal areas of Louisiana and Mississippi, multiple tornadoes may have been overlooked\u2014overshadowed by the effects of storm surge and large-scale wind\u2014and thus the full extent of the hurricane's tornado outbreak is uncertain. Furthermore, an indeterminate number of waterspouts likely formed throughout the life cycle of Hurricane Katrina. The outbreak began with an isolated F2 over the Florida Keys on August 26; no tornadoes were recorded the following day as the storm traversed the Gulf of Mexico. Four weak tornadoes were observed on August 28 as the hurricane\n\nMagn\u00e9tophone are an electronic/art rock band originating from Birmingham, England, composed of Matthew J Saunders (born 1972) and John Hanson (born 1973). Since their inception in the mid-1990s they have released two albums, I Guess Sometimes I Need to Be Reminded of How Much You Love Me and The Man Who Ate the Man, plus numerous singles and EPs and are currently signed to the record label 4AD. Magn\u00e9tophone rose to international recognition out of a period of vibrant musical activity in the second city, which also spawned contemporaries Broadcast. Biography Matthew J Saunders and John Hanson formed Magn\u00e9tophone in 1995 after they met at an art school on the outskirts of Birmingham in 1992. Their musical backgrounds followed similar lines in that they both played in rock-influenced bands. Saunders began experimenting with keyboards and computer soundchips (C64 SID chip in particular) around 1986, composing instrumental three voice music and\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Milan Kangrga.", "output": "Milan Kangrga was a Croatian and Yugoslav philosopher who was one of the leading thinkers in the Praxis School of thought which originated in the 1960s in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Selve Automobilwerke AG was a car maker located in Hameln (near Hannover, Germany). After World War I, the Northern German Automobile Works (), which made the Colibri car and the Sperber, was absorbed by the Selve firm, which was already producing Basse & Selve engines for the automotive industry. The first cars produced were the 24 horsepower 1.5 litre engine displacement and the 32 horsepower 2 litre model. The 40 hp 2090 cc model (which was later carried over to the 40 hp and 2352 cc) was also available in a sport version. Six-cylinder models of 2850 cc in engine displacement were produced in 1925 and the Selecta 3075 cc engine produced in 1927 completed the product line. Adolf Hitler was a fan of the automobile mark in the 1920s having a Green Selve 6/20 in which he was chauffeured around by his adjutant Julius Schaub. These automobiles were produced\n\nThe Sultan Ismail Bridge (; Jawi: \u062c\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644) is a bridge in Muar town across the Muar River in Johor, Malaysia. It was the first bridge built across a river that connects Bandar Maharani, Muar to Tanjung Agas which is now named as part of Tangkak district. The bridge replaced old ferry services in the 1960s. The bridge was originally a toll bridge making the second toll bridge in Malaysia after Sultan Yahya Petra Bridge in Kelantan (opened in 1967). History Before construction Before construction, the people who want to Cross (call for the Tanjung Agas and Malacca) had crossed the Muar river using the ferry facility called Penambang which began operating around 1890 since Muar was officially opened by the late Sultan of Johor, Almarhum Sultan Abu Bakar. Due to the rapid development time, felt unable to cope Penambang vehicles wishing to cross the Muar River. Travel by\n\nBoris Ivanovich Nicolaevsky () (20 October 1887 \u2013 22 February 1966) was a Russian Marxist activist, archivist, and historian. Nicolaevsky is best remembered as one of the leading Menshevik public intellectuals of the 20th century. Biography Early years Boris Nicolaevsky was born on October 20, 1887 N.S. in Belebey, Bashkiria, then part of the Russian empire the oldest of seven children of an Orthodox priest of Greek origin. He became interested in radical politics at the age of 14, for which he was expelled from the Gymnasium (secondary school) in Samara as a \"bad political influence.\" His family then moved to Ufa, where he joined the Bolshevik wing of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, though he switched to the Mensheviks when he was still a youth. He was arrested in 1904, which meant that his schooling ended at 16. Subsequently he was arrested another seven times and sent into\n\nQuestion: Define Selve.", "output": "Selve Automobilwerke AG was a car maker located in Hameln."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Esther Jane Hall (born 28 August 1970) is an English actress who has appeared in a number of television dramas. Early life Born in Manchester in 1970 and brought up in Cheshire, she took A levels in Manchester before training in theatre arts for three years at the University of Leeds's Bretton Hall College, where she gained a Bachelor of Arts. Career Hall's first high-profile role was as Romey Sullivan in the television drama Queer as Folk (1999\u20132000), in which she played one half of a lesbian couple who conceive a baby with the help of their gay best friend. In 2001 she appeared in the award-winning TV drama Men Only as Katie, the wife of Mac (Marc Warren). Roles in Always and Everyone (2000\u201301), Serious and Organised (2003) and an adaptation of D.H. Lawrence's Sons and Lovers (2003) followed. Hall played Ellie Simm, the girlfriend of main character Tom\n\nKierland Commons is a lifestyle center in Phoenix, Arizona, adjacent to Scottsdale, Arizona which is used for the center's mailing addresses. The mixed-use development is centered on a \"Main Street\" feel and composed mostly of outdoor retail shops with residential units above and adjoining residential tower. Development The mixed-use destination began construction in 1995 and was completed in 2000. The primary developer was Woodbine Development Corporation of Dallas. The development concept, urban design plan and design guidelines were prepared by Design Workshop, Inc. (Denver, CO) and Communication Arts, Inc. (Boulder, CO). Building design was developed and prepared by Nelsen Architects (now known as Nelsen Partners). Originally owned by Westcor, in 2002 Kierland Commons became part of The Macerich Company's portfolio. Signature Properties was the Exclusive Residential Broker for The Plaza Lofts at Kierland Commons from 2003 through 2013 and remains On-Site to handle resales. Kierland Commons was one of 10\n\nThe (French), Emvod Ar Gelted An Oriant (Breton) or Inter-Celtic Festival of Lorient in English, is an annual Celtic festival, located in the city of Lorient, Brittany, France. It was founded in 1971 by . This annual festival takes place in the heart of the city every August and is dedicated to the cultural traditions of the Celtic nations (pays celtes in French), highlighting Celtic music and dance and also including other arts such as painting, photography, theatre, sculpture, traditional artisanry as well as sport and gastronomy. Participants come from Brittany, Ireland, Scotland, Cornwall, Wales, Cumbria, the Isle of Man, Cape Breton Island, Galicia, Asturias, Acadia, and the entire Celtic diaspora. Programme of events The main festival sites are located throughout the city, with more formal events taking place at the Palais des Congr\u00e8s, Grand Th\u00e9\u00e2tre or \u00c9glise Saint Louis. The larger events take place at the Parc du Moustoir\n\nQuestion: What is Festival Interceltique de Lorient?", "output": "The, Emvod Ar Gelted An Oriant or Inter-Celtic Festival of Lorient in English, is an annual Celtic festival, located in the city of Lorient, Brittany, France."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Time in Brazil is calculated using standard time, and the country (including its offshore islands) is divided into four standard time zones: UTC\u221202:00, UTC\u221203:00, UTC\u221204:00 and UTC\u221205:00. Time zones Fernando de Noronha time (UTC\u221202:00) This is the standard time zone only on a few small offshore Atlantic islands. The only such island with a permanent population is Fernando de Noronha, with 3,140 inhabitants (2021 estimate), 0.0015% of Brazil's population. The other islands (Trindade and Martim Vaz, Rocas Atoll and Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago) either are totally uninhabited or have small seasonally rotating Brazilian Navy garrisons or teams of scientists. Bras\u00edlia time (UTC\u221203:00) The main time zone of Brazil comprises the states in the South, Southeast and Northeast regions (except the small islands mentioned above), plus the states of Goi\u00e1s, Tocantins, Par\u00e1 and Amap\u00e1, and the Federal District, which includes the national capital city, Bras\u00edlia. About 93% of the\n\n\"The Incredible World of Horace Ford\" is an episode in season four of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone. In this episode, a toy designer fixated on his childhood days finds that he travels back to those times whenever he revisits his old neighborhood. Opening narration Plot Horace Ford is a 38-year-old toy designer whose life is dominated by blissfully happy memories of his childhood. His colleagues, wife, and mother have all become increasingly frustrated with his obsession. One day, he decides to revisit his childhood neighborhood. Ford discovers, to his amazement, that it has not changed. He recognizes the boys he played with in his childhood\u2014who have not aged. Frightened, he returns to his apartment, but he visits his old neighborhood again on each of the next several nights. Each night the same scene plays out and he stays slightly longer, before returning to his apartment. On\n\nAnthony Hand MBE (born 15 August 1967) is a Scottish former ice hockey player and coach. He was the first British player to be drafted by an NHL team when he was picked by the Edmonton Oilers in 1986. Nicknamed Two point Tony, he holds several national records, and scored over 4000 points in his career, more than any professional hockey player at any level. Still over a point-per-game scorer deep into his forties, Hand retired after the 2015 EPIHL league finals, after his Manchester Phoenix team lost. Hand served as the head coach of the Great Britain national team, a position he assumed in 2011 and resigned from in 2013. Until the franchise folded in January 2017, he was the coach of the Manchester Phoenix. In 2017, Hand received the Torriani Award from the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) in 2017, and inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame.\n\nQuestion: What is The Incredible World of Horace Ford?", "output": "\"The Incredible World of Horace Ford\" is an episode in season four of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Seabreeze Amusement Park (Seabreeze) is a historic family amusement park located in Irondequoit, New York, a suburb of Rochester, where Irondequoit Bay meets Lake Ontario. According to the National Amusement Park Historical Association (NAPHA), Seabreeze is the fourth-oldest operating amusement park in the United States and the thirteenth-oldest operating amusement park in the world, having opened in 1879. The park features roller coasters, a variety of other rides, a midway, and a water park. History In the 1870s, the lakeshore of Lake Ontario became a tourist destination for residents of the city of Rochester. Several hotels opened at the port of Charlotte and along Irondequoit Bay to entertain summer visitors, and rail lines were built from the city to both destinations. In 1879, the Rochester and Lake Ontario Railroad Company built a line from Portland Avenue in Rochester to the Sea Breeze neighborhood at the inlet of the bay. The\n\nThe Georgia Midland Railroad was a shortline railroad that operated several lines in Georgia that it acquired in 2004 from the initial operations of Ogeechee Railway. In 2009 the Georgia Midland was purchased by Pioneer RailCorp from Atlantic Western Transportation Company, the holding company for the Heart of Georgia Railroad. Pioneer renamed the railroad as the Georgia Southern Railway. Hauling an average of 5000 carloads per year of aggregate sand, stone, farm products and wood, the Georgia Midland Railroad connected with the Norfolk Southern Railway. Initially the Georgia Midland operated three branch lines, all within Georgia, connecting Roberta through Fort Valley to Perry, Dover through Statesboro to Metter, and Ardmore to Sylvania. Subsequently the Ardmore-Sylvania line was returned to Ogeechee Railroad, which now operates it. In 2006 the Georgia Midland was named Short Line Railroad of the Year by railroad industry trade journal Railway Age. References Georgia (U.S. state) railroads\n\nCause for Conflict is the seventh studio album by German thrash metal band Kreator released on 1 August, 1995. The record continued the experimentation with industrial music that they started on previous album, Renewal, but brought back more of their thrash metal sound. This was also the only Kreator album to feature Joe Cangelosi as the replacement of original drummer J\u00fcrgen \"Ventor\" Reil, who would return to the band in 1996. This the only Kreator album to not feature Ventor. This was also the band's first album to feature bassist Christian Giesler and the last to feature guitarist Frank \"Blackfire\" Gosdzik. Release In March 2018, German heavy metal record label Noise released a remastered edition of the album and made it available on CD and vinyl and as digital download. The release contains three bonus tracks and liner notes. Track listing Personnel Kreator Mille Petrozza \u2013 vocals, rhythm guitar Frank\n\nQuestion: What's Georgia Midland Railroad?", "output": "The Georgia Midland Railroad  was a shortline railroad that operated several lines in Georgia that it acquired in 2004 from the initial operations of Ogeechee Railway."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Muras are an indigenous people who live in the central and eastern parts of Amazonas, Brazil, along the Amazon river from the Madeira to the Purus. They played an important part in Brazilian history during colonial times and were known for their quiet determination and subsequent resistance to the encroaching Portuguese culture. Formerly a powerful people, they were defeated by their neighbors, the Munduruku, in 1788. Of the original diversity of Muran languages, only Pirah\u00e3 survives today. Historical encounter with the Portuguese According to Ad\u00e9lia Engr\u00e1cia de Oliveira in Autos da devassa contra os \u00edndios Mura do Rio Madeira e na\u00e7\u00f5es do Rio Tocantins (1738\u20131739) (CEDEAM, 1986:1): \"It is known that they, who used their canoes as homes, nomadic indians (\"\u00cdndios de Corso\"), controlled a wide area of land from the border of Peru to River Trombetas, that they stood out for their great effort to repel the encroaching\n\nGayatri Reddy is an Indian anthropologist who has also made contributions to queer and gender studies. Reddy received her PhD in Anthropology in 2000 from Emory University after M.A in Anthropology from Columbia University and B.A. in Psychology from Delhi University. She is currently an associate professor in Anthropology and Gender and Women's Studies at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Reddy has carried out fieldwork on a community of Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh in India. Her current research is on male queer identity among South Asian immigrants to the US. Reddy is the Association for Feminist Anthropology Program Chair for 2007, and a member of the steering committee for the University Consortium for Sexuality Research and Training at the Kinsey Institute. References External links University of Illinois bio page Gayatri Reddy Curriculum Vitae Reviews of With Respect to Sex: Negotiating Hijra Identity in South India in the American Journal of\n\nA greffier is the clerk to a legislature or a court in some countries where French is, or used to be, the language of the legal system. The word greffe refers to the records kept by the greffier or the department of government under the greffier's management. Guernsey In Guernsey, HM Greffier is the Clerk of the Royal Court whilst the States' Greffier is the Clerk of the legislative assembly known as the States of Deliberation. Jersey Since 1931, there have been two Greffiers in Jersey. The Judicial Greffier is the clerk or Registrar of the Royal Court and the other courts of the Island. The Greffier also carries out some of the administrative functions of the Royal Court, for example registering doctors. The Greffier of the States is the clerk and record-keeper for the States Assembly. Propositions presented to the States are described as \"lodged au Greffe\". France The\n\nQuestion: What is Gayatri Reddy?", "output": "Gayatri Reddy is an Indian anthropologist who has also made contributions to queer and gender studies."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "is a Japanese science fiction anime series created by Leiji Matsumoto with Dan Kobayashi. Danguard Ace was Matsumoto's only contribution to the mecha genre. Synopsis Danguard Ace takes place on a future Earth in which natural resources have been depleted. People have begun looking toward other planets to survive, in particular to the fictional tenth planet, Promete. Although people had hoped to peacefully settle there, disaster strikes as the first explorers are destroyed by betrayal. After this event, an individual named Mr. Doppler announces that all attempts to reach Promete surrender to his command, those who do not will be destroyed. Using his own resources, Doppler constructs a vast military force greater than that of Earth's. He forbids anyone from approaching the planet, under the insane belief that only he is entitled to it. To gain control of Promete, the governments of Earth begin constructing massive combat robots. Doppler is\n\nTyro is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located west of Lexington and south of Winston-Salem in Davidson County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, the community had a population of 3,879. Geography Tyro is located in western Davidson County along North Carolina Highway 150. Neighboring communities include Reeds to the northeast on NC 150, Churchland to the southwest on NC 150, Linwood to the southeast, and the city of Lexington to the east. Located west of Tyro is Boone's Cave Park on the Yadkin River. Daniel Boone is rumored to have once hidden in the cave from a group of Native Americans who were avidly pursuing him. According to the United States Census Bureau, the Tyro CDP has an area of , all land. Demographics Historic sites Haden Place, Capt. John Koonts Jr. Farm, St. Luke's Lutheran Church Cemetery, and Tyro Tavern are listed on\n\nTransportation in Cuba is the system of railways, roads, airports, waterways, ports and harbours in Cuba: Railways total: 8,285 km standard gauge: 8,125 km gauge (105 km electrified) narrow gauge: 160 km of gauge. Cuba built the first railway system in the Spanish empire, before the 1848 start in the Iberian peninsula. While the rail infrastructure dates from colonial and early republican times, passenger service along the principal Havana to Santiago corridor is increasingly reliable and popular with tourists who can purchase tickets in Cuban convertible pesos. As with most public transport in Cuba, many of the vehicles used are second hand. With the order of 12 new Chinese locomotives in 2006, built specifically for Cuban Railways at China Northern Locomotives and Rolling Stock Works, services have been improving in reliability. Those benefiting the most are long-distance freight services with the French train Havana-Santiago being the only passenger train using\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Transport in Cuba is.", "output": "Transportation in Cuba is the system of railways, roads, airports, waterways, ports and harbours in Cuba:\n\nRailways\n\n total: 8,285\u00a0km\n standard gauge: 8,125\u00a0km  gauge\n narrow gauge: 160\u00a0km of  gauge."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tsai Ing-wen (; born 31 August 1956) is a Taiwanese politician who has been serving as the president of the Republic of China (Taiwan) since 2016. A member of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), Tsai is the first female president of Taiwan. She served as chair of the DPP from 2020 to 2022, and also previously from 2008 to 2012 and 2014 to 2018. Tsai grew up in Taipei and studied law and international trade, and later became a law professor at Soochow University School of Law and National Chengchi University after earning an LLB from National Taiwan University and an LLM from Cornell Law School. She later studied law at the London School of Economics and Political Science, with her thesis titled \"Unfair trade practices and safeguard actions\", and was awarded a Ph.D. in law from the University of London. In 1993, as an independent (without party affiliation), she\n\nAsset recovery, also known as investment or resource recovery, is the process of maximizing the value of unused or end-of-life assets through effective reuse or divestment. While sometimes referred to in the context of a company undergoing liquidation, Asset recovery also can describe the process of liquidating excess inventory, refurbished items, and equipment returned at the end of a lease. Asset recovery can also refer to the task of recovery of assets that have been wrongfully taken either stolen, fraudulently misappropriated or otherwise disposed of to remove them from their rightful owner. Asset recovery has three main elements\u2014identification, redeployment, and divestment. Specialized asset recovery software may assist any of these steps. Identification Because unproductive assets cost money, it is important to classify them as such by investment recovery personnel. Later, a decision can be made whether to redeploy or divest. Surplus assets could be in any form, including fixed equipment,\n\nChristopher Makepeace (born April 22, 1964) is a Canadian former actor, known for his starring roles in the coming-of-age film My Bodyguard (1980) and comedy horror Vamp (1986), and supporting roles in the screwball comedy Meatballs (1979) and the dystopian sci-fi film The Last Chase (1981), during his teen and young adult years. Life and career Makepeace was born in Montreal, Quebec, the son of Doreen and Harry Makepeace. His older brother, Tony Makepeace, is a Canadian photographer. He began his acting career in a 1974 Canadian television special, The Ottawa Valley. His next role was in a 1979 Canadian comedy, Meatballs, in which he starred opposite Bill Murray, portrayed as a shy, loner teen attendee of a summer camp, who has trouble fitting in. The movie was a hit, grossing more than $43 million at the box office, and Makepeace received good notices for his work in the film.\n\nQuestion: Who is Tsai Ing-wen", "output": "Tsai Ing-wen is a Taiwanese politician who has been serving as the president of the Republic of China since 2016."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Codornices Creek (sometimes spelled and/or pronounced \"Cordonices\"), long, is one of the principal creeks which runs out of the Berkeley Hills in the East Bay area of the San Francisco Bay Area in California. In its upper stretch, it passes entirely within the city limits of Berkeley, and marks the city limit with the adjacent city of Albany in its lower section. Before European settlement, Codornices probably had no direct, permanent connection to San Francisco Bay. Like many other small creeks, it filtered through what early maps show as grassland to a large, northward-running salt marsh and slough that also carried waters from Marin Creek and Schoolhouse Creek. A channel was cut through in the 19th century, and Codornices flows directly to San Francisco Bay by way of a narrow remnant slough adjacent to Golden Gate Fields racetrack. Colonial period to 1900 The name derives from the Spanish word \"codornices\",\n\nEdward Albert Shils (1 July 1910 \u2013 23 January 1995) was a Distinguished Service Professor in the Committee on Social Thought and in Sociology at the University of Chicago and an influential sociologist. He was known for his research on the role of intellectuals and their relations to power and public policy. His work was honored in 1983 when he was awarded the Balzan Prize. In 1979, he was selected by the National Council on the Humanities to give the Jefferson Lecture, the highest award given by the U.S. federal government for distinguished intellectual achievement in the humanities. Education Shils grew up in Philadelphia, where he went to high school. Though he taught sociology and social thought, he did not have a formal degree in those fields. His undergraduate degree, from the University of Pennsylvania, was in French literature. He came to the attention of Louis Wirth, a distinguished sociologist\n\nRaymond Thomas Pierrehumbert is the Halley Professor of Physics at the University of Oxford. Previously, he was Louis Block Professor in Geophysical Sciences at the University of Chicago. He was a lead author on the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and a co-author of the National Research Council report on abrupt climate change. Education and awards He earned a degree in Physics (A.B) from Harvard College and a PhD in Aeronautics and Astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was awarded a John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship in 1996, which was used to launch collaborative work on the climate of early Mars with collaborators in Paris. He is a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) and has been named Chevalier de l'Ordre des Palmes Acad\u00e9miques by the Republic of France. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2015\n\nQuestion: Who was Edward Shils?", "output": "Edward Albert Shils was a Distinguished Service Professor in the Committee on Social Thought and in Sociology at the University of Chicago and an influential sociologist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gl\u00e2ne District (; ; ) is one of seven districts in the Canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It has a population of (as of ). Municipalities It consists of the following municipalities: Mergers and name changes On 1 March 1969 the municipality of Ecublens (FR) along with the former municipality of Eschiens and Villangeaux merged into the municipality of Ecublens (FR). On 1 January 1973 the municipality of Villarimboud and Macconnens merged into the municipality of Villarimboud. On 1 January 1978 the former municipalities of Villaranon and Le Saulgy merged into Siviriez. On 1 January 1978 the former municipality of Fuyens merged into Villaz-Saint-Pierre. On 1 January 1981 the municipality of Romont (FR) and Les Gl\u00e2nes merged into the municipality of Romont (FR). On 1 January 1991 the municipality of Vuarmarens and Morlens merged into the municipality of Vuarmarens. On 1 January 1993 the former municipality of Blessens merged into\n\n(), formerly known as ('The Third of the Hour'), is a daily newspaper published in Santiago, Chile and owned by Copesa. It is s closest competitor. is part of Peri\u00f3dicos Asociados Latinoamericanos (Latin American Newspaper Association), an organization of fourteen leading newspapers in South America. History The newspaper La Tercera was founded on July 7, 1950, by the Pic\u00f3 Ca\u00f1as family. Initially known as La Tercera de la Hora, it served as the evening edition of the now defunct newspaper La Hora. In the 1950s, it transitioned from being associated with La Hora and transformed into a morning paper. While initially affiliated with the Radical Party, La Tercera ended this association in 1965, becoming politically independent and disconnected from any party, government system, or religious affiliation. During the early 1970s, the newspaper strongly opposed Salvador Allende's government and supported the September 11 military coup in 1973, as well as General\n\n\"The Injury\" is the twelfth episode of the second season of the American comedy television series The Office and the show's eighteenth episode overall. The episode was written by Mindy Kaling, who also acts in the show as Kelly Kapoor, and directed by Bryan Gordon. \"The Injury\" first aired in the United States on January 12, 2006, on NBC. The episode guest starred Marcus York as Billy Merchant. The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In the episode, Michael Scott (Steve Carell) accidentally burns his foot on his George Foreman Grill, but insists on coming to work anyway. When none of his employees, except for Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson), help him, Michael feels under-appreciated. Meanwhile, Dwight starts acting strangely nice to everyone, especially Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer). \"The Injury\" was originally conceived by Greg Daniels to\n\nQuestion: What is Gl\u00e2ne District", "output": "Gl\u00e2ne District is one of seven districts in the Canton of Fribourg in Switzerland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Penrose interpretation is a speculation by Roger Penrose about the relationship between quantum mechanics and general relativity. Penrose proposes that a quantum state remains in superposition until the difference of space-time curvature attains a significant level. Overview Penrose's idea is inspired by quantum gravity, because it uses both the physical constants and . It is an alternative to the Copenhagen interpretation, which posits that superposition fails when an observation is made (but that it is non-objective in nature), and the many-worlds interpretation, which states that alternative outcomes of a superposition are equally \"real\", while their mutual decoherence precludes subsequent observable interactions. Penrose's idea is a type of objective collapse theory. For these theories, the wavefunction is a physical wave, which experiences wave function collapse as a physical process, with observers not having any special role. Penrose theorises that the wave function cannot be sustained in superposition beyond a certain\n\nArnold Palmer's Latrobe Country Club is a private golf club located near Latrobe, Pennsylvania. The course is where golf legend Arnold Palmer learned to play the game of golf from his father. The grounds are located in Unity Township in Westmoreland County, south of Latrobe, and nearer Youngstown. History Latrobe Country Club was founded in 1920 by a group of leading industrialists, bankers and professionals from Latrobe, Pennsylvania. The group had acquired of the Kennan Farm bordering on what was then the National Lincoln Highway (U.S. Route 30) just west of Youngstown. By the summer of 1921, work was well underway on the golf course and clubhouse. Among those on the job was a teenager named Milford (Deacon \"Deke\") Palmer, Arnold Palmer's father. From that hilly plot of ground emerged a short but imaginative nine-hole course. Despite tough economic times, the club made steady progress over the next two decades.\n\nCNEC Christian College (Chinese: \u4e2d\u83ef\u50b3\u9053\u6703\u5b89\u67f1\u4e2d\u5b78) is a subsidised English Medium of Instruction school located in Kwai Chung, New Territories, Hong Kong. Founded in 1973, it is a Christian school. Campus The school, with a floor area 100,000 square feet (9,300 square metre), comprises three teaching blocks (namely Hoi Tak Complex, Hau Ching Complex and Tak Shing Hall) with lift tower installed, a new teaching purposed wing besides Hoi Tak Complex was also founded few years ago, a covered playground, two basketball courts with nine basketball nets, two volleyball courts, two memorial gardens and a six-lane running track. A gym room is renovated locating in the ground floor of the campus. The school renovated the outdoors sports ground during the academic year 2021. Quiz Team CNEC Christian College has long been famous for its Quiz Team (quizbowl) which has been joining every major quiz competition in Hong Kong since the 80s.\n\nQuestion: Define Penrose interpretation.", "output": "The Penrose interpretation is a speculation by Roger Penrose about the relationship between quantum mechanics  and general relativity."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "} Binga District (Binga District) is a district of Zimbabwe in southern Africa. It is located in Matabeleland North just south of Kariba Lake, across the lake from Zambia It lies along the southern Zambezi Escarpment. The Tonga people inhabit the area. Boundaries Binga District is an area of land bounded by a line drawn from; a point on the Zimbabwe-Zambia international boundary at map reference 35KPM098348 on the 1:50 000 Map Sengwa Sound 1628C3, Edition 2, southwards direct to a point on the former Sengwa River course at map reference 35KPM114145 on the 1:50 000 Map Chiwa 1728A1, Edition 2; thence proceeding generally southwards up the Sengwa River to the eastern boundary of Chizarira National Park, thence generally southwest-wards along the eastern boundaries of Chizarira National Park and Busi Communal Land and westwards along the south- eastern boundary of Dandanda Communal Land; thence generally westwards along the boundaries of\n\nAkyaka (; or ; ) is a town in Kars Province in eastern Turkey. It is the seat of Akyaka District. Its population is 2,026 (2022). It is located on Turkey's closed border with Armenia. The town is populated by Azerbaijanis and Karapapakhs. Government Erg\u00fcder Topta\u015f was elected mayor in the local elections in March 2019. Nur Senin\u00e7 \u00d6zbek serves as Kaymakam. Etymology The settlement was known as \u015euregel () or K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7ak\u00e7ak () whilst part of the Russian Empire. Transport Akyaka is a border checkpoint on the railway into Armenia, which has been closed since 1993. The route D.060 from Kars runs next to the railway leading to the border. Demographics The town\u2014then known as K\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7ak\u00e7ak\u2014was exclusively Armenian during the Russian Empire whilst it was part of the Kars Okrug of the Kars Oblast. Following the conclusion of the Turkish\u2013Armenian war and Turkey's annexation of the region, Azerbaijanis and Karapapakhs\n\nJohn Drew MacKenzie (10 April 1861 \u2013 22 July 1918) was a British master craftsman and instructor of the Newlyn Copper school in Cornwall, England. His style is described as arts and crafts/art nouveau. Mackenzie was born in Shanghai, China, and educated at Clifton College. He is credited with being the instigator of the Newlyn Copper industry. He arrived in Cornwall in 1888 as a painter and illustrator and in 1890 founded the Newlyn Industrial Class, instructing local people in metalwork, enamelling and embroidery. MacKenzie died in 1918 but Tom Batten and Johnny Payne Cotton restarted production at the Newlyn school in 1920. In 1908, his portrait was painted by Newlyn artist Stanhope Forbes. Entitled The Young Apprentice, Newlyn Copperworks it depicts MacKenzie giving instruction to a young Johnny Payne Cotton. This painting is now on display at Penlee House Gallery in Penzance, Cornwall. Mackenzie died in the Norfolk War\n\nQuestion: What is Akyaka, Kars?", "output": "Akyaka is a town in Kars Province in eastern Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The won is the currency of both North and South Korea. \"Won\" is a cognate of the Chinese currency unit, the yuan (//), and the Japanese currency unit, the yen (; \u00a5), meaning \"round object\". The won is subdivided into 100 jeon (). Yang is a former Korean currency. It is a cognate of the Chinese tael ( pronounced \"\" in Mandarin). The yang was subdivided into 100 fun () (pronounced \"pun\" but spelt with an \"f\" on the coins). Fun is a cognate of the Chinese word fen (), referring to 1/100 of a Chinese yuan in modern context. History Due to interchanging Chinese and Japanese influences, changing Romanization methods, and the use of both hanja (Sino-Korean characters) and hangul scripts, the etymology can be hard to understand. From 1892 to 1902, when the yang was used, 1 hwan/won ( = \u5713 in Chinese) = 5 yang (\u5169), while\n\nApparat Organ Quartet was founded in 1999 in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland. It is a band that originally included the musicians H\u00f6r\u00f0ur Bragason, M\u00fasikvatur, \u00dalfur Eldj\u00e1rn and J\u00f3hann J\u00f3hannsson. They were soon joined by drummer \u00deorvaldur Gr\u00f6ndal, replaced in 2001 by Arnar Geir \u00d3marsson, drummer of the Icelandic rock band HAM. Lacking the time to dedicate himself to the group because of his solo projects, J\u00f3hann J\u00f3hannsson left the band in 2012; he died in February 2018. History The band was originally conceived by J\u00f3hann J\u00f3hannsson as a collaborative project for a concert series curated by Kitchen Motors, a record label and art collective founded by J\u00f3hannsson, Hilmar Jensson and Krist\u00edn Bj\u00f6rk Kristj\u00e1nsd\u00f3ttir. In 2002, Apparat Organ Quartet released their self-titled debut album on the Thule Records label in Iceland; in 2005, the album was re-released on the Icelandic 12 T\u00f3nar label in a new remastered version. The second album of the\n\nOrlando Huff (born August 14, 1978) is a former American Football linebacker. He was drafted by the Seattle Seahawks in the fourth round of the 2001 NFL Draft. He played college football at Fresno State. Huff was also a member of the Seattle Seahawks, Arizona Cardinals, Atlanta Falcons, and New York Sentinels. Early years Huff attended Upland High School, where he was on the football, basketball, and track and field teams. College career Huff played college football at Eastern Arizona College and Fresno State University. Professional career Seattle Seahawks Huff was drafted in the fourth round (104th overall) of the 2001 NFL Draft. Arizona Cardinals In the 2005 season, Huff started in 15 games, making 69 tackles, one quarterback sack, and one interception for two yards. References External links California Redwoods bio 1978 births Living people Players of American football from Mobile, Alabama American football outside linebackers African-American players of\n\nQuestion: Who was Orlando Huff?", "output": "Orlando Huff is a former American Football linebacker."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Laura Freixas (born 1958) is a Spanish novelist, short story writer, and newspaper columnist. Biography Freixas was born in Barcelona in 1958. Laura Freixas is the granddaughter of Freixas Miquel. Freixas studied at the French School in her home city of Barcelona. She got a BA degree in Law in 1980 from the University of Barcelona. She has been active as a writer since 1988. Freixas' work also includes scholarship and promotion of women writers. She has also worked in international universities as a publisher, a Spanish language assistant, and a translator. At present she teaches literature workshops for different institutions. She writes as a columnist for the newspaper La Vanguardia and does literary reviews for its supplement Cultura/s. She is a contributor to literary magazines such as Mercurio, Letras libres, El Pa\u00eds, and Revista de Libros. She has been a lecturer or a writer in residence at many Spanish\n\nGustav Tschermak von Seysenegg (19 April 1836 \u2013 24 May 1927) was an Austrian mineralogist. Biography He was born in Litovel, Moravia, and studied at the University of Vienna, where he obtained a teaching degree. He studied mineralogy at Heidelberg and T\u00fcbingen and obtained a PhD. He returned to Vienna as a lecturer in mineralogy and chemistry and, in 1862 was appointed second vice curator of the Imperial Mineralogical Cabinet, becoming director in 1868. He resigned as director in 1877. He was also professor of petrography at the University of Vienna. He was appointed professor in 1873 and a member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1882, and a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1905. He died in 1927, aged 91. Work He did useful work on many minerals and on meteorites. The mineral tschermakite is named in\n\nSanta Elena de Uair\u00e9n () is a small Venezuelan city (29,795 inhabitants in 2006) in the state of Bol\u00edvar near the border with Brazil and Guyana. It was founded by Lucas Fern\u00e1ndez Pe\u00f1a in 1923. The city's name originates from his first daughter, Elena, and Uair\u00e9n, the river that crosses the city. Located in the middle of La Gran Sabana, Santa Elena is home to many travel agencies offering tours in Canaima National Park, flights over Angel Falls, and hiking tours to the famous Monte Roraima. The town is notable for its influential presence of indigenous peoples; there is even a community called Manakr\u00fc (pronounced mah-nah-CREE) populated entirely by indigenous people. The schools in this neighborhood use both Spanish and Pemon, an indigenous language. Due to its proximity to the Brazilian state of Roraima, Santa Elena sees a busy exchange between the two countries of Brazilian consumer products from Brazil\n\nQuestion: What's Santa Elena de Uair\u00e9n?", "output": "Santa Elena de Uair\u00e9n is a small Venezuelan city in the state of Bol\u00edvar near the border with Brazil and Guyana."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "China stone (occasionally Cornish stone or Cornwall stone) is a medium grained, feldspar-rich partially kaolinised granite characterised by the absence of iron-bearing minerals. Its mineral content includes quartz, feldspar and mica; accessory minerals include kaolinite and fluorspar. It is found in one area near St Austell, Cornwall in the United Kingdom. It was the last UK sourced feldspathic material to be commercially extracted. A number of varieties, named on the basis of their hardness and physical appearance, were produced. Maximum production was achieved in the early 1950s, with around 70,000 tonnes per annum. The largest producer, English China Clays, ceased production in 1973, when Goonvean Ltd became the sole producer. Due to increasing competition from imported alternatives and a contracting domestic market, sales fell from 8,000 tonnes per year to 2,800 tonnes in 2001. The last quarry closed in 2006. Relatively similar material has been mined, and exported to England\n\nCaffeine citrate, sold under the brand name Cafcit among others, is a medication used to treat a lack of breathing in premature babies. Specifically it is given to babies who are born at less than 35 weeks or weigh less than once other causes are ruled out. It is given by mouth or slow injection into a vein. Side effects can include problems feeding, increased heart rate, low blood sugar, necrotizing enterocolitis, and kidney problems. Testing blood caffeine levels is occasionally recommended. Although it is often referred to as a citric acid salt of caffeine, as implied by its name, caffeine citrate in fact consists of cocrystals of the two components. Caffeine citrate is in the xanthine family of medication. It works by stimulating the respiratory centers in the brain. Caffeine was discovered in 1819. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. The intravenous form may\n\nStacey Dwayne Bailey (born February 10, 1960) is a former American football wide receiver. He played college football at San Jose State. He was drafted in the third round (63rd overall) of the 1982 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons. Early years Bailey attended Terra Linda High School in San Rafael, California and was a letterman in football. He then attended San Jose State University. As a freshman in 1978, he appeared in 12 games. He recorded 23 receptions for 354 yards. As a sophomore in 1979, he appeared in 11 games. He recorded 44 receptions for 674 yards and three touchdowns. In 1980, as a junior, he appeared in 11 games. He recorded 30 receptions for 686 yards and four touchdowns. For the season, he was named All-Conference. As a senior in 1981, he appeared in 12 games. He recorded 27 receptions for 517 yards and six touchdowns. He\n\nQuestion: Define China stone.", "output": "China stone is a medium grained, feldspar-rich partially kaolinised granite characterised by the absence of iron-bearing minerals."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Viliame Cavubati (born 1945 on Lakeba Island, Lau) is a former Fijian politician and Cabinet Minister. He was a member of the Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei. His first foray into politics was in 1968, when he began working for the then-ruling Alliance Party. He was Minister for Works in the government of Sitiveni Rabuka in the 1990s, but lost the Lau Fijian Communal Constituency to Adi Koila Nailatikau in the 1999 parliamentary election. In February 2006, the National Alliance Party announced that Cavubati would challenge Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase, who held Cavubati's old seat, in the general election held from 6 to 13 May. Cavubati was trounced, gaining less than 7 percent of the vote. A former schoolteacher, Cavubati was educated at Queen Victoria School, and worked first as a field officer and subsequently as traffic officer and wharf manager of Ellington, for the Fiji Sugar Corporation. He w\n\nThe Sri Lanka green pigeon or Ceylon green pigeon (Treron pompadora) is a pigeon in the genus Treron. In Sri Lanka, this bird and several other green pigeon are known as bata goya in the Sinhala language. It is found in the forests of Sri Lanka. Many authorities split the species from the pompadour green pigeon complex. Taxonomy The Sri Lanka green pigeon was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with all the other doves and pigeons in the genus Columba and coined the binomial name Columba pompadora. Gmelin based his description on the \"Pompadour pigeon\" that had been described and illustrated in 1776 by the English naturalist Peter Brown. The Sri Lanka green pigeon is now placed with around 30 other green pigeons in the genus Treron that was introduced\n\nDraff Young (April 9, 1942 \u2013 March 24, 2012) was a National Basketball Association (NBA) coach. Draff had a lifetime love and passion for basketball. His inspiration for basketball was stirred when his Uncle Perry put a peach barrel rim on the side of the house; this enabled him and his cousins to play basketball. Draff played basketball while attending Johnson C. Smith University, and after leaving college he began his career in professional basketball. His career included an accomplishment of serving as Director of Public Relations and Promotions for Randolph Manufacturing Company, Randolph, Massachusetts (1965\u20131968). He appeared as a guest host on many television programs, in and outside the United States. He played with Marcus Haynes and the Fabulous Magicians during their Massachusetts appearances. He also played with Sam \"Boom Boom\" Wheeler and his All-Stars when they made their New England swing (1964\u20131968). In 1967, Draff started a basketball\n\nQuestion: Who is Viliame Cavubati?", "output": "Viliame Cavubati is a former Fijian politician and Cabinet Minister."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Salvador Option is an approach to counter-insurgency warfare involving the use of death squads utilised by the United States Department of Defense during the Salvadoran Civil War. The term was later used in the context of counter insurgency operations coordinated by Colonel James Steele, a retired special forces veteran who was nominated by Donald Rumsfeld to help organise Shi'ite paramilitaries in an attempt to quell a Sunni insurgency during the Iraq War. From 1984 to 1986 Steele operated as a counterinsurgency specialist and was head of the United States Military Group of US special forces advisers to frontline battalions of the Salvadorean military (which developed a reputation for its death squad activities). The use of such methods in Iraq was controversial and attracted debate in the Pentagon and among members of the Iraqi government. It raised the question of possible U.S. military involvement in the use of quasi-official death\n\n\"Fugue for Tinhorns\" is a song written and composed by Frank Loesser and first performed by Stubby Kaye, Johnny Silver, and Douglas Deane in 1950. The song was featured in the Broadway musical Guys and Dolls. Development Twelve years before writing \"Fugue for Tinhorns,\" Loesser was taken to a racetrack by Jule Styne, who said Loesser \"was crazy about the racing form and the phrase 'can do' after a horse's name\", which Styne said was Loesser's inspiration for the song. Loesser originally called the song \"Three Cornered Tune,\" and it was to be sung in Guys and Dolls by the characters Sarah Brown, Nathan Detroit, and Sky Masterson. As the play took shape, the characters singing the song were changed to Nicely-Nicely Johnson, Benny Southstreet, and Rusty Charlie, and the song was placed at the beginning of the show to establish context and tone. The song also mentions Equipoise (1928\u20131938),\n\nPig\u00fc\u00e9 () is a town in Argentina located in the Pampas, south-west of Buenos Aires. It was founded by 165 Occitan-speaking French immigrants from Aveyron (Avairon in occitan) and one Argentine of direct Irish descent on December 4, 1884. The urban population is now 13,822 (INDEC 2001) and has increased by 9.5% since the 1991 census. Pig\u00fc\u00e9 is the administrative centre of Saavedra Partido, Buenos Aires Province. History A brief account Pig\u00fc\u00e9, Pi-Hue, which means gathering place in Mapuche tongue, is home to an Occitan-speaking community coming from Rouergue, Occitania. It is located where two chains of hills meet, the Cura Malal to the west and the Bravard to the east. But Pig\u00fc\u00e9 would never exist as a town were it not for Cl\u00e9ment Cabanettes, a man born in 1851 in the small village of Ambec, commune of Lassouts near Saint-C\u00f4me (Sant C\u00f2sme d\u2019\u00d2lt en occitan) in the southern French\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Salvador Option is.", "output": "The Salvador Option  is an approach to counter-insurgency warfare involving the use of death squads utilised by the United States Department of Defense during the Salvadoran Civil War."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bulgaria (; ), officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located west of the Black Sea and south of the Danube river, Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the 16th largest country in Europe. Sofia is the nation's capital and largest city; other major cities include Burgas, Plovdiv, and Varna. One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture, which dates back to 6,500 BC. In the 6th to 3rd century BC the region was a battleground for ancient Thracians, Persians, Celts and Macedonians; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45. After the Roman state splintered, tribal invasions in the region resumed. Around the 6th century, these territories were settled by\n\nHell Up in Harlem is a 1973 blaxploitation American neo-noir film, starring Fred Williamson and Gloria Hendry. Written and directed by Larry Cohen, it is a sequel to the film Black Caesar. The film's soundtrack was recorded by Edwin Starr and released by Motown Records in January 1974. Plot Having survived the assassination attempt at the end of Black Caesar, Tommy Gibbs takes on corrupt New York District Attorney DiAngelo, who had sought to jail Gibbs and his father, Papa Gibbs, in order to monopolize the illicit drug trade. Gibbs decides to eliminate drug pushing from the streets of Harlem, while continuing to carry out his other illicit enterprises. Gibbs falls in love with Sister Jennifer (Margaret Avery), a woman who works with Reverend Rufus, a former pimp who has found a religious calling. Gibbs and his father have a falling out after Gibbs is told by his enforcer, Zach,\n\nEgghead Rides Again is a 1937 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Tex Avery. It was first released to theaters on July 17, 1937. The cartoon marks the first appearance of Egghead, a character who eventually appear in three more cartoons, \"Daffy Duck and Egghead\" (produced in 1937 and released in 1938), \"A-Lad-In Bagdad\" (1938) and \"Count Me Out\" (1938), both cartoons released in 1938, according to David Gerstein (an animation historian) and Michael Barrier. Plot Energetic Egghead is bouncing around, pretending to be a cowboy, until his noise-making gets him kicked out of the boarding house in which he is living by a clerk with a penchant for the minced oath \"dad-burnit.\" While on the street he sees a discarded newspaper advertisement from a ranch in Wyoming, requesting a \"cow-puncher.\" He applies, and, while there, goes through various training exercises, but fails them all. Egghead, having seen his\n\nQuestion: What is Hell Up in Harlem", "output": "Hell Up in Harlem is a 1973 blaxploitation American neo-noir film, starring Fred Williamson and Gloria Hendry."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lucebert (; Lubertus Jacobus Swaanswijk; 15 September 1924 \u2013 10 May 1994) was a Dutch artist who first became known as the poet of the COBRA movement. He was born in Amsterdam in 1924. He entered the Institute for Arts and Crafts in 1938 and took part in the first exhibition of the COBRA group at the Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam in 1949. Biography Lucebert's talent was discovered when he started working for his father after school. After half a year of art school, he chose to be homeless between 1938 and 1947. In 1947, a Franciscan convent offered him a roof over his head, in exchange for a huge mural painting. Because the nuns could not appreciate his work, they had it entirely painted over with white paint. He belonged to the Dutch literary movement of De Vijftigers, which was greatly influenced by the European avant-garde movement COBRA. Lucebert's early\n\nA calavera (Spanish \u2013 for \"skull\"), in the context of Day of the Dead, is a representation of a human skull or skeleton. The term is often applied to edible or decorative skulls made (usually with molds) from either sugar (called Alfe\u00f1iques) or clay, used in the Mexican celebration of the Day of the Dead () and the Roman Catholic holiday All Souls' Day. Calavera can also refer to any artistic representations of skulls or skeletons, such as those in the prints of Jos\u00e9 Guadalupe Posada, or to gifts or treats in relation to the Day of the Dead. Some widely known calaveras are created with cane sugar, decorated with items such as colored foil, icing, beads, and sometimes objects such as feathers. They range in multiple colors. Traditional methods for producing sugar skulls with molds have been in use for a long time, though the first known mention of\n\nOuter Drive is a bypass road which encircles both the eastern and western portions of the Detroit, Michigan region. It resembles a jagged horseshoe and was not originally intended to move traffic as much as it was to provide a pleasurable drive around the City of Detroit and some of its suburbs. A boulevard for the vast majority of its length, Outer Drive includes travel through beautiful subdivisions, school sites, and park areas. First proposed in 1918, it immediately won acceptance and eventually evolved into the thoroughfare which exists today. A 1929 article in Michigan Women magazine, predicted a \"...great pleasure boulevard...\" that would be \"...like a necklace around Detroit....\" However, in an article dated August 4, 2004, in the Metro Times, Michigan author Curt Guyette described Outer Drive as \"...one of the oddest city thoroughfares in the country.\" Outer Drive was once famous for the elm trees that lined\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Outer Drive is.", "output": "Outer Drive is a bypass road which encircles both the eastern and western portions of the Detroit, Michigan region."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "WIBW-TV (channel 13) is a television station in Topeka, Kansas, United States, affiliated with CBS and owned by Gray Television. The station's studios are located on Commerce Place (next to the interchange of I-70, I-470, US 40, US 75 and K-4) in west-southwestern Topeka, and its transmitter is located on Windy Hill Road in Maple Hill. To serve portions of the market that cannot adequately receive the main signal, WIBW-TV operates a digital fill-in translator in Topeka, which broadcasts on channel 33. History Multi-affiliate The station first signed on the air on November 15, 1953. WIBW-TV was the first television station to sign on in the Topeka market, and the third to sign on in the state of Kansas (after KCTY in Kansas City, which operated a transmitter in Overland Park, which signed on in June 1953. Channel 13 signed on the same day as KTVH (now sister station KWCH-DT)\n\nTong Shui Road (Chinese: \u7cd6\u6c34\u9053) is a road on reclaimed land in North Point on Hong Kong Island. The road runs from Victoria Harbour at its northern end to a T-junction with King's Road in the south. An exit slip road from the Island Eastern Corridor merges into and is named for Tong Shui Road. The North Point terminus of Hong Kong Tramways lies in the road, at the end of the adjoining Chun Yeung Street, home to North Point Market. Tong Shui Road Public Pier extends from the road's northern end, near Hotel Vic, on the site of the former North Point Estate. History Tong Shui in Chinese means sugar water. It was associated with Sugar King Kwok Chun Yeung (\u90ed\u6625\u79e7; Kwik Djoen Eng in Hokkien) in the early 20th century. He had planned to build a sugar refinery on (two) plots of land he reclaimed, immediately to the\n\nThe Mission Mountains or Mission Range are a range of the Rocky Mountains located in northwestern Montana in the United States. They lie chiefly in Lake County and Missoula County and are south and east of Flathead Lake and west of the Swan Range. On the east side of the range is the Swan River Valley and on the west side the Mission Valley. The highest point in the Mission Mountains is McDonald Peak at . The range is named for its proximity to the Jesuit St. Ignatius Mission, established in the mid-19th century in what is today St. Ignatius, Montana. Geology The Mission Mountains are composed largely of what is called \"Belt Rock\" from the Belt Supergroup. The sedimentary rocks in this group formed between 1.47 and 1.4 billion years ago in the Belt Basin. The roughly circular basin collected sediments from surrounding areas for millions of years. The\n\nQuestion: What is Tong Shui Road", "output": "Tong Shui Road is a road on reclaimed land in North Point on Hong Kong Island."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "EFF-Austin was formed in Austin, Texas by Steve Jackson of Steve Jackson Games shortly after the Electronic Frontier Foundation or EFF was formed. Jackson was pursuing a lawsuit, eventually successful, against the Secret Service with EFF's help, and suggested the formation of an alpha EFF chapter in Austin. Jackson organized a picnic and stood on a picnic table to sound the call for the new organization. He recruited a smaller group including John Quarterman, Jon Lebkowsky, Bruce Sterling, Smoot Carl-Mitchell, Lar Kaufman and Matt Lawrence to organize the group and serve on the first Board of Directors. The group formed a Texas corporation for EFF-Austin, and became active in discussions of potential chapters for the national organization. In January 1992, leaders of several potential chapters met with EFF in Atlanta, and learned that EFF had decided not to become a chapters organization. EFF-Austin continued as a separate organization and was\n\nBig Girl's Blouse was an Australian skit program that aired in the mid-1990s on the Seven Network. The show was created by Gina Riley, Jane Turner and Magda Szubanski who all went on to star in Kath & Kim and the characters Kath, Kim and Sharon all feature together in several sketches on the show. There were four one-hour episodes, plus the pilot, which are usually shown as eight half-hour episodes. The phrase \"Big Girl's Blouse\" is a British English idiom meaning \"ineffectual or weak, someone failing to show masculine strength or determination.\" Many of the sketches from it are still available on YouTube. This was the third sketch show created by Riley, Turner and Szubanski following \"Fast Forward\" and \"Something Stupid\". Reruns In Australia, it periodically airs on The Comedy Channel. In America it occasionally appears on the Sundance Channel. DVD release The show was released in its entirety\n\nRidley Creek State Park is a Pennsylvania state park in Edgmont, Middletown, and Upper Providence Townships, Delaware County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The park, about north of the county seat of Media, offers many recreational activities, such as hiking, biking, fishing, and picnicking. Ridley Creek passes through the park. Highlights include a paved multi-use trail, a formal garden designed by the Olmsted Brothers, and Colonial Pennsylvania Plantation, which recreates daily life on a pre-Revolutionary farm. The park is adjacent to the John J. Tyler Arboretum. Ridley Creek State Park is just over from downtown, Philadelphia between Pennsylvania Route 352 and Pennsylvania Route 252 on Gradyville Road. History The bulk of the property was acquired in the late 1960s from the estate of well known horse breeder Walter M. Jeffords Sr. and his wife Sarah, a niece of Samuel D. Riddle. The Jeffords had acquired the land starting about 1912\n\nQuestion: What's Ridley Creek State Park?", "output": "Ridley Creek State Park is a  Pennsylvania state park in Edgmont, Middletown, and Upper Providence Townships, Delaware County, Pennsylvania in the United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Don DeBrandt is a Canadian science fiction author, who also writes under the pen-names Donn Cortez, DD Barant and Dixie Lyle. Born in Saskatchewan, he lives in Vancouver, British Columbia. In addition to North America, his books have been published in Germany, France, Italy, and Russia. His influences include Spider Robinson and John D. MacDonald, among others. Writing as Don DeBrandt As DeBrandt, he has written numerous essays, short stories, plays and comics. His first novel, the cyberpunk The Quicksilver Screen was part of Del Rey Books' 'Discovery' line, and featured a cover by science fiction painter Vincent Di Fate. This was followed by work for Marvel Comics and a novel in the series of book tie-ins for the Angel TV series. Writing as Donn Cortez As Donn Cortez, he took a darker turn for The Closer, a hard-edged story about a serial killer hunting other serial killers. His follow-up,\n\nAubrey Kerr McClendon (July 14, 1959 \u2013 March 2, 2016) was an American businessman and the founder and chief executive officer of American Energy Partners, LP. He also co-founded Chesapeake Energy, serving as its CEO and chairman. He was an outspoken advocate for natural gas as an alternative to oil and coal fuels, and a pioneer in employing fracking. McClendon was a part-owner of the National Basketball Association (NBA)'s Oklahoma City Thunder franchise, and was part of the ownership group that moved the Seattle SuperSonics to Oklahoma City in 2008. On March 1, 2016, McClendon was indicted by a federal grand jury on charges of conspiring \"to rig bids for the purchase of oil and natural gas leases in northwest Oklahoma\". He died the following day, March 2, 2016, in a single-vehicle collision. Early life and education McClendon was born July 14, 1959, in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, the son of\n\nA lending library is a library from which books and other media are lent out. The major classifications are endowed libraries, institutional libraries (the most diverse), public libraries, and subscription libraries. It may also refer to a library or other institution that sends materials on request to another library, usually via interlibrary loan. History The earliest reference to or use of the term \"lending library\" yet located in English correspondence dates from ca. 1586; C'Tess Pembroke Ps. CXII. v, \"He is ... Most liberall and lending,\" referring to the books of an unknown type of library, and later in a context familiar to users of contemporary English, in 1708, by J. Chamberlayne; St. Gt. Brit.; III. xii. 475 \"[The Libraries] of Cambridge are Lending-libraries; that is, he that is qualified may borrow out of it any book he wants\". This definition is closely associated with libraries in England before the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Aubrey McClendon is.", "output": "Aubrey Kerr McClendon was an American businessman and the founder and chief executive officer of American Energy Partners, LP."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Who's That Girl World Tour (billed as Who's That Girl World Tour 1987) was the second concert tour by American singer and songwriter Madonna. The tour supported her 1986 third studio album True Blue, as well as the 1987 soundtrack Who's That Girl. It was Madonna's first world tour and marked her first visits to Japan and Europe. Musically and technically superior to her previous Virgin Tour, Who's That Girl incorporated multimedia components to make the show more appealing. Madonna trained physically doing aerobics, jogging and weight-lifting, to cope with the choreography and the dance routines. For the costumes, she collaborated with designer Marlene Stewart, expanding on the idea of bringing her popular video characters to life onstage, reworking scenes from her music videos. The stage had four video screens, multimedia projectors and a flight of stairs in the middle. Patrick Leonard, who was the music director, encouraged Madonna\n\nIrene Hamilton-Oldfather (born 1954 in Glasgow) is a Scottish Labour Party politician. She was the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Cunninghame South constituency from 1999 until 2011, when she was defeated by the SNP's Margaret Burgess. During her time in Parliament, Oldfather served primarily on the European and External Relations Committee, acting as Convener for parts of both the 1999 and 2007 Sessions, and as Deputy Convener between 2003 and 2007. She was also co-chair of the Parliament's working group on prescription drug dependency. She was a member of North Ayrshire Council, being first elected in 1995, but was defeated in the 2017 Scottish local elections. She served as the council's vice-chair for education. Oldfather is the director of the Health and Social Care Alliance Scotland. She was a history lecturer at the University of Arizona. She attended Bank Street Primary and Irvine Royal Academy. She attended\n\nHamstreet is a village in Kent, in South East England. The village is located 6 miles (10 km) south of Ashford on the A2070, the main road between Ashford and Hastings. The majority of the village is in the parish of Orlestone, named after a much older hamlet located 1 mile north of Hamstreet on the ridge of hills; however, part of the village falls within the parish of Warehorne, giving a total population of 1,988 and a former claim to having three pubs (the Duke's Head is located at the village centre and there were two rural pubs within Warehorne parish). One of the pubs in Warehorne parish (the Woolpack Inn) has been renovated by the owners of the Globe Inn in Rye.. The parish church, dedicated to the Good Shepherd , is now a shared Anglican/Methodist building, and the parish churches of Orlestone, Snave (now a redundant church),\n\nQuestion: What is Hamstreet", "output": "Hamstreet is a village in Kent, in South East England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Maria Elisabeth Rooth (born 2 November 1979 in \u00c4ngelholm, Sweden) is a retired Swedish ice hockey player. She is the only University of Minnesota Duluth women's hockey player to have her jersey retired. Rooth was alternate captain and one of the most experienced players on the Swedish national team beginning in 1996. In 2015, Rooth was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame. Playing career NCAA Rooth played collegiate hockey for the Minnesota\u2013Duluth Bulldogs women's ice hockey program. She is ranked second in all-time leading scoring in Bulldogs history and was named to the WCHA All-Decade team in 2009. She is the Bulldogs\u2019 all-time leading goal scorer with 119 career goals and ranks second in career points with 232. She was a three-time All-American (2001, 2002, 2003) and a three-time First Team All-WCHA selection. She was the league's Rookie of the Year in 2000. During the 2000-01 season, she was\n\nWSCV (channel 51) is a television station licensed to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States, serving as the Telemundo outlet for the Miami area. It is one of two flagship stations of the Spanish-language network (the other being WNJU in the New York City market). WSCV is owned and operated by NBCUniversal's Telemundo Station Group alongside NBC station WTVJ (channel 6). The two stations share studios on Southwest 27th Street in Miramar; WSCV's transmitter is located in Pembroke Park, Florida. The station also serves as the de facto Telemundo outlet for the West Palm Beach market, as that area does not have a Telemundo station of its own. Channel 51 in Fort Lauderdale first went on the air in 1968. It operated as a primarily English-language independent station as WSMS-TV from 1968 to 1970 and as WKID from 1972 to 1980. From 1980 to 1984, the station primarily broadcast the ON\n\nGeneral Pedro Alejandrino Florentino (Hincha, 1805/1808\u2013 ?) was an Dominican officer in the army of the Dominican Republic. A native of Hincha, be was an active participant in border conflicts during the Dominican War of Independence. He was the hero of the important Battle of Sabana Larga. He later participated in the Dominican Restoration War, along with Gregorio Luper\u00f3n, against Spain. Birth He was born in Hincha, today Haitian territory. His father was Jos\u00e9 Antonio Florentino, of Italian descent. Pedro Alejandrino was the name of this stubborn character, protagonist in two wars for Independence. His historical figure has been so discussed and controversial to the point that there is more than one version about the date and place of his birth. His biographer and defender, Don S\u00f3crates Nolasco, assures that Florentino must have been born between 1805 and 1806; but other information maintains that he was 52 years old in\n\nQuestion: What's Pedro Florentino?", "output": "General Pedro Alejandrino Florentino was an Dominican officer in the army of the Dominican Republic."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gouvel\u00e2ndia is a municipality in south Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. Gouvel\u00e2ndia is a large producer of sesame and peanuts. Location Gouvel\u00e2ndia is located in the Quirin\u00f3polis Microregion, 35 kilometers west of the most important city, Quirin\u00f3polis. The Rio dos Bois, a tributary of the Parana\u00edba crosses the region. The southern boundary is with the S\u00e3o Sim\u00e3o artificial lake and the border with the state of Minas Gerais. The distance to state capital, Goi\u00e2nia, is 299 km. Highway connections from Goi\u00e2nia are by GO-040 / Aragoi\u00e2nia / Crom\u00ednia / GO-215 / Pontalina / GO-040 / Alo\u00e2ndia / Bom Jesus de Goi\u00e1s / BR-452 / Itumbiara / GO-206 / BR-483 / Cachoeira Dourada / Inaciol\u00e2ndia. See Sepin for all the distances. Neighboring municipalities are: north: Castel\u00e2ndia south: Santa Vit\u00f3ria, Minas Gerais east: Inaciol\u00e2ndia west: Quirin\u00f3polis Demographics Population density in 2007: 5.43 inhabitants/km2 Population growth rate 1996/2007: 0.98.% Total population in 2007: 4,507 Total\n\nJohn Tams (born 16 February 1949) is an English actor, singer, songwriter, composer and musician born in Holbrook, Derbyshire, the son of a publican. He first worked as a reporter for the Ripley & Heanor News later working for BBC Radio Derby and BBC Radio Nottingham. Tams had an early part in The Rainbow (1988), and may be best known for playing a regular supporting role in the ITV drama series Sharpe, as rifleman Daniel Hagman. He also co-wrote the music for each film (18, as of November 2008) alongside Dominic Muldowney. Tams was a member of Derbyshire folk group Muckram Wakes in the 1970s, then worked with Ashley Hutchings as singer and melodeon-player on albums including Son of Morris On, and as a member of the British folk rock group Albion Band. Splitting with Hutchings in the 1980s, he formed Home Service. In the following decades, Tams spent time\n\nA biological membrane, biomembrane or cell membrane is a selectively permeable membrane that separates the interior of a cell from the external environment or creates intracellular compartments by serving as a boundary between one part of the cell and another. Biological membranes, in the form of eukaryotic cell membranes, consist of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded, integral and peripheral proteins used in communication and transportation of chemicals and ions. The bulk of lipids in a cell membrane provides a fluid matrix for proteins to rotate and laterally diffuse for physiological functioning. Proteins are adapted to high membrane fluidity environment of the lipid bilayer with the presence of an annular lipid shell, consisting of lipid molecules bound tightly to the surface of integral membrane proteins. The cell membranes are different from the isolating tissues formed by layers of cells, such as mucous membranes, basement membranes, and serous membranes. Composition Asymmetry The\n\nQuestion: What is Gouvel\u00e2ndia?", "output": "Gouvel\u00e2ndia is a municipality in south Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Parable of the Weeds or Tares (KJV: tares, WNT: darnel, DRB: cockle) is a parable of Jesus which appears in . The parable relates how servants eager to pull up weeds were warned that in so doing they would root out the wheat as well and were told to let both grow together until the harvest. Later in Matthew, the weeds are identified with \"the children of the evil one\", the wheat with \"the children of the Kingdom\", and the harvest with \"the end of the age\". A shorter, compressed version of the parable is found without any interpretation in the apocryphal Gospel of Thomas. Narrative The parable in the Gospel of Matthew goes as follows: Analysis The word translated \"tares\" in the King James Version is (zizania), plural of (zizanion). This word is thought to mean darnel (Lolium temulentum), a ryegrass which looks much like wheat in its\n\nFactor VII deficiency is a bleeding disorder characterized by a lack in the production of Factor VII (FVII) (proconvertin), a protein that causes blood to clot in the coagulation cascade. After a trauma factor VII initiates the process of coagulation in conjunction with tissue factor (TF/factor III) in the extrinsic pathway. The condition may be inherited or acquired. It is the most common of the rare congenital coagulation disorders. Signs and symptoms Symptoms may differ greatly, as apparently modifiers control to some degree the amount of FVII that is produced. Some affected individuals have few or no symptoms while others may experience life-threatening bleeding. Typically this bleeding disorder manifests itself as a tendency to easy bruising, nose bleeding, heavy and prolonged menstruation, and excessive bleeding after dental or surgical interventions. Newborns may bleed in the head, from the umbilicus, or excessively after circumcision. Other bleeding can be encountered in the\n\nThe Z\u00fcrich Bible (Z\u00fcrcher Bibel, also Zwinglibibel) is a Bible translation historically based on the translation by Huldrych Zwingli. Recent editions have the stated aim of maximal philological exactitude. It is thought to be the first Bible to contain a map. Froschau Bible Zwingli's translation grew out of the Prophezey, an exegetical workshop taking place on every weekday, with the participation of all clerics of Z\u00fcrich, working at a German rendition of Bible texts for the benefit of the congregation. The translation of Martin Luther was used as far as it was already completed. This helped Zwingli to complete the entire translation four years before Luther. At the printing shop of Christoph Froschauer, the New Testament appeared from 1525 to 1529, and later parts of the Old Testament, with a complete translation in a single volume first printed in 1530, with an introduction by Zwingli and summaries of each chapter.\n\nQuestion: Define Factor VII deficiency.", "output": "Factor VII deficiency is a bleeding disorder characterized by a lack in the production of Factor VII, a protein that causes blood to clot in the coagulation cascade."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Amu Darya (also called the Amu, Amo River, and historically known by its Latin name or Greek ) is a major river in Central Asia and Afghanistan. Rising in the Pamir Mountains, north of the Hindu Kush, the Amu Darya is formed by the confluence of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers, in the Tigrovaya Balka Nature Reserve on the border between Afghanistan and Tajikistan, and flows from there north-westwards into the southern remnants of the Aral Sea. In its upper course, the river forms part of Afghanistan's northern border with Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. In ancient history, the river was regarded as the boundary of Greater Iran with \"Turan\", which roughly corresponded to present-day Central Asia. The Amu Darya has a flow of about 70 cubic kilometres per year on average. Names In classical antiquity, the river was known as the in Latin and () in Greek \u2014 a\n\nPopulation censuses / by-censuses in Hong Kong are conducted by the Census and Statistics Department (C&SD) of the Hong Kong SAR Government. The aim is to provide up-to-date benchmark statistics on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population and on its geographical distribution. Since 1961, a population census has been conducted in Hong Kong every 10 years and a by-census in the middle of the intercensal period. The last census, 2021 population census in Hong Kong was conducted by C&SD from 23 June to 4 August 2021. Objectives It is an established practice in Hong Kong to conduct a population census every 10 years and a population by-census in the middle of the intercensal period. The next population census will be conducted in 2021. The aim is to provide up-to-date benchmark statistics on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the population and on its geographical distribution. Such statistics are\n\nEdwin John Victor Pasmore, CH, CBE (3 December 190823 January 1998) was a British artist. He pioneered the development of abstract art in Britain in the 1940s and 1950s. Early life Pasmore was born in Chelsham, Surrey, on 3 December 1908. He studied at Summer Fields School in Oxford and Harrow in west London, but with the death of his father in 1927 he was forced to take an administrative job at the London County Council. He studied painting part-time at the Central School of Art and was associated with the formation of the Euston Road School. After experimenting with abstraction, Pasmore worked for a time in a lyrical figurative style, painting views of the River Thames from Hammersmith much in the style of Turner and Whistler. In the Second World War, Pasmore was a conscientious objector. Having been refused recognition by his Local Tribunal, he was called up for\n\nQuestion: Define Amu Darya.", "output": "The Amu Darya is a major river in Central Asia and Afghanistan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Premium (Premium Saltine Crackers) is a brand of soda cracker produced by Nabisco. It is known as Premium Plus (Premium Plus Salted Tops) in Canada, under the Christie (formerly, Mr. Christie) banner. In the United States it is marketed as \"Original Premium.\" It is currently sold in these flavours: Unsalted (Original), Salted, Five Grain, and Whole Wheat. The crackers are square in shape but round versions have been marketed as well. Packaging The crackers are typically sold in boxes containing 4 \"sleeves\" of crackers sealed in plastic inside, for the home consumer. Larger packages containing 8 or 12 \"sleeves\" are also available. Bulk packages of individualized servings containing two or four crackers are also available, and are frequently used at restaurants. Occasionally the crackers are sold in tin cans. Boxes are red in Canada and white in the US. Controversy In 1989, Phil Sokolof, an Omaha millionaire published ads in\n\nIn the microelectronics industry, a semiconductor fabrication plant (commonly called a fab; sometimes foundry) is a factory for semiconductor device fabrication. Fabs require many expensive devices to function. Estimates put the cost of building a new fab over one billion U.S. dollars with values as high as $3\u20134 billion not being uncommon. TSMC invested $9.3 billion in its Fab15 300 mm wafer manufacturing facility in Taiwan. The same company estimations suggest that their future fab might cost $20 billion. A foundry model emerged in the 1990s: Foundries that produced their own designs were known as integrated device manufacturers (IDMs). Companies that farmed out manufacturing of their designs to foundries were termed fabless semiconductor companies. Those foundries, which did not create their own designs, were called pure-play semiconductor foundries. The central part of a fab is the clean room, an area where the environment is controlled to eliminate all dust, since\n\nAlaric II (, , \"ruler of all\"; ; \u2013 August 507) was the King of the Visigoths from 484 until 507. He succeeded his father Euric as king of the Visigoths in Toulouse on 28 December 484; he was the great-grandson of the more famous Alaric I, who sacked Rome in 410. He established his capital at Aire-sur-l'Adour (Vicus Julii) in Aquitaine. His dominions included not only the majority of Hispania (excluding its northwestern corner) but also Gallia Aquitania and the greater part of an as-yet undivided Gallia Narbonensis. Reign Herwig Wolfram opens his chapter on the eighth Visigothic king, \"Alaric's reign gets no full treatment in the sources, and the little they do contain is overshadowed by his death in the Battle of Vouill\u00e9 and the downfall of the Toulosan kingdom.\" One example is Isidore of Seville's account of Alaric's reign: consisting of a single paragraph, it is primarily\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Semiconductor fabrication plant is.", "output": "In the microelectronics industry, a semiconductor fabrication plant is a factory for semiconductor device fabrication."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Anna Sergeyevna Kournikova (; born 7 June 1981) is a Russian former professional tennis player and American television personality. Her appearance and celebrity status made her one of the best known tennis stars worldwide. At the peak of her fame, fans looking for images of Kournikova made her name one of the most common search strings on Google Search. Despite never winning a singles title, she reached No. 8 in the world in 2000. She achieved greater success playing doubles, where she was at times the world No. 1 player. With Martina Hingis as her partner, she won Grand Slam titles in Australia in 1999 and 2002, and the WTA Championships in 1999 and 2000. They referred to themselves as the \"Spice Girls of Tennis\". Kournikova retired from professional tennis in 2003 due to serious back and spinal problems, including a herniated disk. She lives in Miami Beach, Florida, and\n\nCaldazinha is a municipality in central Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. The population was 3,848 (2020) in a total area of 312 km2. Located 27 kilometers from the state capital, Goi\u00e2nia, Caldazinha belongs to the Goi\u00e2nia Microregion. Connections are made by GO-403 / passing through Senador Canedo. Municipal boundaries are: north: Bonfin\u00f3polis and Leopoldo de Bulh\u00f5es west: Senador Canedo south: Bela Vista de Goi\u00e1s. Demographic and political facts (All data are from 2007 unless otherwise mentioned) Caldazinha's population distribution is characterized by an almost equal distribution between urban and rural inhabitants. Population density: 10.13 inhabitants/km2 Population growth rate 2000/2007: 2,06.% Urban population: 1,739 Rural population: 1,418 Eligible voters: 2,532 City government: mayor (Jucelino Braz de Castro), vice-mayor (Paulo Roberto de Oliveira), and 09 councilmembers Economy The main economic activity of Caldazinha is cattle raising (25,300 head\u20145,330 milking cows). Some residents have been investing in the commercialization of paca meat, which although considered\n\nNemo judex in causa sua (also written as , , or ) is a Latin brocard that translates as \"no one is judge in their own case\". Originating from Roman law, it was crystallized into a phrase by Edward Coke in the 17th century and is now widely regarded as a fundamental tenet of natural justice and constitutionalism. It states that no one can judge a case in which they have an interest. In some jurisdictions, the principle is strictly enforced to avoid any appearance of bias, even when there is none: as Lord Chief Justice Hewart laid down in Rex v. Sussex Justices, \"Justice must not only be done, but must also be seen to be done\". History The Latin brocard has its origins in the Roman legal tradition and is codified within the Corpus Juris Civilis. In 376 AD, an imperial decree established the principle that \"no one\n\nQuestion: Who is Anna Kournikova?", "output": "Anna Sergeyevna Kournikova is a Russian former professional tennis player and American television personality."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A taxonomic system, the Bentham & Hooker system for seed plants, was published in Bentham and Hooker's Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita in three volumes between 1862 and 1883. George Bentham (1800\u20131884) and Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817\u20131911) were British botanists who were closely affiliated to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in England. Their system of botanical taxonomy was based on the principle of natural affinities and is considered as pre-Darwinian as it does not take evolution into account. The Genera plantarum classified an estimated 97,205 species into 202 families and 7,569 genera. Summary The system recognises the following main groups: Class DICOTYLEDONES DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALE vol I Series 1. Thalamiflorae Series 2. Disciflorae Series 3. Calyciflorae DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETAL\u00c6 vol II Series 1. Inferae Series 2. Heteromerae Series 3. Bicarpellatae DICOTYLEDONES MONOCHLAMIDE\u00c6 vol III Class GYMNOSPERME\u00c6 vol III (1) Class MONOCOTYLEDONES vol III (2) Families and orders\n\nChurchill Braz Alemao (born 16 May 1949) is a former Chief Minister and former MP of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. He was the MLA of Benaulim constituency in the state of Goa. Political career Alemao was chief minister of Goa for a brief period in the early 1990s, and later became an MP representing the South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency) from 1996 to 1998. Founding United Goans Democratic Party Alemao founded the United Goans Democratic Party as a spinoff of the United Goans Party. Congress days In the late 1980s, Alemao quit the United Goans Democratic Party and joined the Indian National Congress. He became Chief Minister for a 18 days as part of the Progressive Democratic Front led by Congress. He had to resign due to an internal split in the party. After that Luis Proto Barbosa became chief minister. Later, Alemao became an MP as Congress\n\nMorebath is an upland village in the county of Devon, England. It is mostly given over to sheep-farming, and situated on the southern edge of Exmoor. An account of life in Morebath in the 16th century can be read in The Voices of Morebath: Reformation and Rebellion in an English Village by Eamon Duffy (published in 2001 by Yale University Press, ). Then, as now, Morebath was populated by no more than 300 people, drawn from some thirty families, living and working on the land. During the often turbulent period of the Reformation, its inhabitants relied on the guidance of their priest, Christopher Trychay, Vicar of Morebath from 1520 to 1574. His detailed hand-written records were transcribed by the Rev. J. Erskine Binney, and published by James G. Commin of Exeter in 1904 as a separate volume in the Devon Notes & Queries series, under the title The Accounts of\n\nQuestion: Who is Churchill Alemao", "output": "Churchill Braz Alemao is a former Chief Minister and former MP of the 14th Lok Sabha of India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The NCI Metathesaurus is product of the US National Cancer Institute's Enterprise Vocabulary Service, a collaborative effort of the NCI Center for Bioinformatics and the NCI Office of Communications. The NCI Metathesaurus is based on NLM's Unified Medical Language System Metathesaurus supplemented with additional cancer-centric vocabulary. The public version of the NCI Metathesaurus currently contains all public domain vocabularies from the National Library of Medicine's UMLS Metathesaurus, as well as a growing number of NCI-specific vocabularies developed by the National Cancer Institute. The public version of the NCI Metathesaurus also contains proprietary vocabularies. Certain vocabularies, such as ICD-10 and ICD-O-3, are made available, by permission, for non-commercial use only. Others, specifically MedDRA, are made available subject to license restrictions. See also Unified Medical Language System External links NCI Metathesaurus home page Licensing Note: the text of the first version of this article was adapted from the public domain text at\n\nAparecida do Rio Doce is a municipality in southwest Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. Geography The municipality of Aparecida do Rio Doce belongs to the Sudoeste de Goi\u00e1s Microregion and is 208 km. from the state capital, Goi\u00e2nia. Connections are made by BR-060 / Guap\u00f3 / Indiara / Rio Verde / GO-174/ GO-422 / BR-364. The town lies at the junction of BR364 and GO174. Belonging to the Paran\u00e1 River basin, the river system is varied, with the most important rivers being the Rio Claro and its tributary, the Rio Doce. Along these rivers there are several small waterfalls, the most important being Salto do Rio Claro. The two rivers are used for recreational fishing and swimming by locals and tourists. Municipal boundaries are with Jata\u00ed, Rio Verde, and Ca\u00e7u. Demographics Population density: 4.49 inhabitants/km2 (2007) Population in 1980: n/a Population in 2007: 2,702 Urban population: 2,088 (2007) Rural population: 614. (2007)\n\nJohn Louis Castellani (August 23, 1926 \u2013 May 11, 2021) was an American attorney and a former basketball coach. He coached the Minneapolis Lakers in the NBA during the 1959\u20131960 season, their last before relocating to Los Angeles. Prior to his short coaching stint with the Lakers, Castellani was the head coach at Seattle University from 1956 to 1958, and took the Chieftains to the 12-team National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in his first year. With Elgin Baylor starring in his lineup, Castellani led the 1958 team to the NCAA title game in Louisville, Kentucky, but lost to the Kentucky Wildcats, led by head coach At the age of 31 he is the youngest head coach to lead a team to the national championship game. Only a month after the championship game, NCAA violations came to light concerning airfare bought for recruits Ben Warley and George Finley. The result was that\n\nQuestion: Tell me what John Castellani is.", "output": "John Louis Castellani was an American attorney and a former basketball coach."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Arcadia Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race run in early April at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California. Open to horses four years of age and older, it is raced on turf over a distance of one mile. A Grade II race, it currently offers a purse of $200,000. Inaugurated in 1988 as the El Rincon Handicap, it was renamed the Arcadia Handicap in 2001 after the original Arcadia Handicap had been renamed the Frank E. Kilroe Mile Handicap. Two Lea won this race in 1949. From 1998 through 2004, the race was run at a distance of miles. Records Time record: 1:33.09 \u2013 Bolo (2016) Most wins: 2 \u2013 Steinlen (1988, 1990) Most wins by an owner: 3 \u2013 Juddmonte Farms (1992, 1996, 2004) Most wins by a jockey: 5 \u2013 Gary Stevens (1988, 1992, 1996, 1998, 2015) Most wins by a trainer: 5 \u2013 Neil D.\n\nMorgan Lindstr\u00f8m (born 29 April 1956 in Oslo) is a Norwegian artist, composer, and synthesizer-performer. Lindstr\u00f8m was a member of the synth-duo Langsomt Mot Nord during their \"Westrveg\" period. His style has been described as \"... rock propelled with influences from Norwegian folk and classical music, the synth work sometimes taking on the Michael Garrison wall-of-sound feel, with the finesse of early Vangelis\". Before Langsomt Mot Nord, Lindstr\u00f8m was a member of the band \"Ixi\". Ixi participated on a record released by NRK radio in 1982, containing the chosen bands from \"Ungdommens Radioavis Rockem\u00f8nstring\", a competition of upcoming bands. Ixi was later seen in the renowned Club 7 in Oslo. He is the brother of another Norwegian artist, Rune Lindstr\u00f8m of deLillos. In 2007 Lindst\u00f8m started an electropop-band called SoulSheen, with Kaja Norum (lead vocals), Madeleine Schee (vocals) and Mikjel Helmers and Lindstr\u00f8m on synthesizers. The band have websites on\n\nStig von Bahr (born 26 June 1939) is a Swedish jurist and former judge at the European Court of Justice. Stig von Bahr has worked with the Justitieombudsman (Parliamentary Ombudsman) and in the Swedish Cabinet Office and the Ministries inter alia as assistant under-secretary in the Ministry of Finance. He was appointed Judge in the Administrative Court of Appeal (kammarr\u00e4tt) of Gothenburg in 1981 and Justice of the Supreme Administrative Court (Regeringsr\u00e4tten) in 1985. He has collaborated on a large number of official reports, mainly on the subject of tax legislation and accounting. He has been inter alia chairman of the Committee on Inflation-Adjusted Taxation of Income, chairman of the accounting committee and special rapporteur for the Committee on Rules for Taxation of Private Company Owners. He has also been chairman of the Accounting Standards Board and member of the board of the National Courts Administration as well as of\n\nQuestion: Who is Morgan Lindstr\u00f8m?", "output": "Morgan Lindstr\u00f8m is a Norwegian artist, composer, and synthesizer-performer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kipelov () is a Russian heavy metal band formed and led by former Aria vocalist Valery Kipelov. Origins In 2002, dissension in the heavy metal band Aria led to Aria members Valery Kipelov (vocals), Sergey Terentyev (guitar), and Alexander Maniakin (drums) leaving the band and joining with former Aria member Sergey Mavrin and bassist Alexey Harkov of Mavrik to form Kipelov. The band was named to make use of the fame of its most well-known member, singer Valery Kipelov. Since Kipelov band was, essentially, just a revision of Aria, they were able to begin performing immediately. In the fall of 2002, Kipelov toured through Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, including a sold-out concert in Moscow at the end of November at the legendary Gorbunov Palace of Culture. In May 2003, after a brief hiatus from touring, the group performed a concert in the open-air Voel Amphitheatre in Tel Aviv, Israel. On\n\nis a compilation of the Phantasy Star video games. When released for the Sega Saturn in Japan in 1998, it featured the first four games in the series, whereas the Game Boy Advance version, released four years later in North America and five in Europe, features the first three. The North American and European versions were produced by Digital Eclipse. The Saturn version was later ported to the PlayStation 2 (as Sega Ages 2500 Series Vol. 32: Phantasy Star Complete Collection) in Japan with more games added. The compilation features ports of the original Phantasy Star games. They are virtually identical to their original versions, as opposed to enhanced remakes. Gameplay has not been altered in each of the collections, but additional options in the Saturn and PlayStation 2 versions can alter the pace and difficulty of the games significantly. Gameplay Each game features overworld maps and separate dungeon areas,\n\nis the highest score a fighter can achieve in a Japanese martial arts ippon-wazari contest, usually kendo, judo, karate or jujitsu. In Judo In Judo, an ippon may be scored for a throw, a pin, a choke or a jointlock. For throws, the four criteria to grant an ippon are: speed, force, landing on the back and skilful control until the end of the landing. For pinning techniques, the pin must be held continually for 20 seconds. For chokes and locks, ippon is scored when the opponent gives up or is incapacitated. Two consecutive waza-ari by the same athlete also add up to an ippon (waza-ari awasete ippon). An ippon in judo is often compared to a knockout punch in boxing. In karate In shobu ippon kumite, a method of karate competition, an ippon is awarded for a technique judged as decisive. This is usually a move that connects cleanly,\n\nQuestion: What's Ippon?", "output": "is the highest score a fighter can achieve in a Japanese martial arts ippon-wazari contest, usually kendo, judo, karate or jujitsu."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "H-Blockx is a German rock band founded in M\u00fcnster in 1991. After the success of their debut album in 1994, Time to Move, the band received a nomination for Best Breakthrough Artist at the 1995 MTV Europe Music Awards. In 1999, the World Wrestling Federation contacted them to record a song, \"Oh Hell Yeah\", for wrestler Stone Cold Steve Austin, and their song \"Countdown to Insanity\" appears in the European version of the 2007 music video game Rock Band. Between 1994 and 2012, H-Blockx released seven studio albums. History The band rose to fame with their successful debut album, Time to Move, released in 1994 on Sing Sing Records, and produced by Ralph Quick and Chris Wagner. The music videos for \"Risin' High\" and \"Move\" received considerable airplay on MTV. The band earned a nomination for \"Best Breakthrough Artist\" at the following MTV Europe Music Awards, however, the award went\n\nLizard Lick is an unincorporated community in Wake County, North Carolina, United States. The community is located at the crossroads of Lizard Lick Road and NC 97. Lizard Lick has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names. The community is approximately east of the state capital of Raleigh, along NC 97. It is about north of Wendell and west of Zebulon. History According to NC historian William S. Powell, the town got its name from a \"passing observer who saw many lizards sunning and licking themselves on a rail fence.\" Regardless of the town name, local community members who are native to the area are proud of their origins, and their economic future in the area. In May 1997, the state installed the first traffic light in Lizard Lick, marking a new period of \"increasing property values\" and growth. Media attention In March 1998 the small town received\n\nLeila Hayes is an Australian actress, actors agent, radio presenter, playwright, producer, singer and drama teacher, she featured in the hit 1980s soap opera Sons and Daughters as Beryl Palmer (later Hamilton) throughout its entire run. Biography She began her career as a singer. In the 1970s she acted on television in guest roles in Crawford Productions drama series Homicide, Division 4, Matlock Police, Bluey and Cop Shop, and appeared briefly in their acclaimed serial The Sullivans. Hayes also acted in television miniseries, including Power Without Glory (1976), and in some TV movies. In 1981 she appeared in several episodes of soap opera Prisoner as brothel madam Jeannie Baxter and was in an early episode of A Country Practice. The same episode starred Peter Phelps who played her stepson John in Sons and Daughters only a few months later. Hayes had also acted on stage, taking the leading role of\n\nQuestion: What is Leila Hayes?", "output": "Leila Hayes   is an Australian actress, actors agent, radio presenter, playwright, producer, singer  and drama teacher, she featured in the hit 1980s soap opera Sons and Daughters as Beryl Palmer throughout its entire run."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Trotec Laser is an international manufacturer of advanced laser technology for laser cutting, laser engraving and laser marking. The company was founded in 1997, branching off from a research and development department within its parent company Trodat. Trotec is headquartered in Marchtrenk, Austria, with subsidiaries around the world in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Germany, France, Netherlands, Poland, China, Japan, Russia, Australia and South Africa. The company also has an extensive network of distributors around the world serving more than 90 countries. Laser systems Trotec manufactures both flatbed and galvo laser systems, as well as bespoke solutions for specialist clients. Its CO2 lasers range from 12 to 500 watts and its fiber laser systems range from 10 to 50 watts. In 2008 Trotec introduced the Rayjet, a desktop laser system aimed specifically at small and medium enterprises. Laserable materials and Engraving Supplies Trotec also supplies a wide range\n\nR\u00e9gis S\u00e9nac, famous French fencer and instructor, was the father of Louis Senac. S\u00e9nac was an instructor of fencing for many years in the French army (Ma\u00eetre d'Armes in the Grande Imp\u00e9riale of France) before emigrating to the United States in 1872. He established a fencing school in 1874 in Broadway near Forty-third St., the \"Salle d'Armes\", in which his son Louis later succeeded him as director. On April 10, 1876 he won the fencing championship of America in a contest held at Tammany Hall, New York, along with 500 dollars. In addition to his wide experience as an instructor, in France he participated in three duels and in each encounter was victorious, escaping without a single scratch, while each of his opponents was seriously disabled. In his 1879 travel journal, Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes, Robert Louis Stevenson mentions eating at an inn in Goudet, France where\n\nBishkek (, ; ), formerly Pishpek and Frunze, is the capital and largest city of Kyrgyzstan. Bishkek is also the administrative centre of the Ch\u00fcy Region. The region surrounds the city, although the city itself is not part of the region but rather a region-level unit of Kyrgyzstan. Bishkek is situated near the Kazakhstan\u2013Kyrgyzstan border with its population being 1,074,075 in 2021. In 1825, the Khanate of Kokand established the fortress of Pishpek to control local caravan routes and to collect tribute from Kyrgyz tribes. On 4 September 1860, with the approval of the Kyrgyz, Russian forces led by Colonel Apollon Zimmermann destroyed the fortress. In the present day, the fortress ruins can be found just north of Jibek jolu street, near the new main mosque. In 1868, a Russian settlement was established on the site of the fortress under its original name, Pishpek. It lay within the General Governorship\n\nQuestion: Tell me what R\u00e9gis S\u00e9nac is.", "output": "R\u00e9gis S\u00e9nac, famous French fencer and instructor, was the father of Louis Senac."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tragopogon pratensis (common names Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon, meadow salsify, showy goat's-beard or meadow goat's-beard) is a biennial plant in the family Asteraceae, distributed across Europe and North America, commonly growing in fields (hence its name) and on roadsides. It is found in North America from southern Ontario to Massachusetts; most of England; on the eastern and southern edges of Scotland; and central Ireland but not the coastal edges. It flowers between June and October and its flowers have a diameter of 3\u20135 cm. The root and buds are edible, and it has a milky latex. Description The plant grows up to tall. It differs from viper's-grass (Scorzonera humilis) in that viper's-grass has short, pale green bracts, whereas in goat's-beard they are long and pointed. The lower leaves are 10 to 30 cm long, lanceolate, keeled lengthwise, grey-green, pointed, hairless, with a white midrib. The upper leaves are shorter and more erect. It\n\nDameon Porter (born May 21, 1975) is a former wide receiver/defensive back in the Arena Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL). Early life and education He played college football at Wayne State College in Wayne, Nebraska. Career He played for the Green Bay Packers 2001-2002, Iowa Barnstormers (1998\u20131999), the New Jersey Red Dogs (2000), the Chicago Rush (2001\u20132003), the Georgia Force (2004), the Austin Wranglers (2004), the Las Vegas Gladiators (2005\u20132006), the Grand Rapids Rampage (2006). Porter led the Arena Football League in interceptions in back-to-back seasons from 2001 and 2002. Porter picked off 12 passes in 2001 and recorded 10 more in 2002. In Week 4 of the 2003 Arena Football League season, Porter made a clutch interception against the Los Angeles Avengers at the goal line to seal the Chicago Rush victory. The Rush entered the game 0-3 playing 3-0 Los Angeles, which gave Chicago its\n\nBashir al-Azma (1910\u20131992) (), was a Syrian doctor and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Syria from 16 April to 14 September 1962. He was born in and raised in the capital Damascus. He obtained his undergraduate degree in Medicine from Damascus University and his graduate in Paris. He became the Minister of Health under the United Arab Republic (UAR) but resigned due to a conflict with Gamal Abdel Nasser. Later, he became the Prime Minister of Syria after the dissolution of the UAR. Bashir al-Azma was one of several Syrian Prime Ministers who intended to keep Syria out of the east\u2013west conflict and demonstrate its passive approach to it. On 22 April 1962, al-Azma declared on Radio Damascus that Syria's foreign policy continued to be based on \"the principles of positive neutrality and non-alignment with military blocs, non-participation in the Cold War, and respect for the principles of\n\nQuestion: Who is Bashir al-Azma", "output": "Bashir al-Azma, was a Syrian doctor and politician."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gekido Advance: Kintaro's Revenge is a beat 'em up game for the Game Boy Advance, created by Italian studio NAPS Team. It is a sequel to the PlayStation game Gekido. Unlike the previous installment, this game centers on one protagonist, instead of multiple characters as seen in Gekido. A version for N-Gage was planned but never released. In 2018, Gekido: Kintaro's Revenge was re-released for the Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Microsoft Windows. Plot The game focuses on Tetsuo, who has returned to his sensei's house only to be dispatched to a remote farming village where it seems as if the dead rise from the grave. Upon further investigation, Tetsuo finds out that the village has been having strange happenings ever since the old temple became overrun with demons. When he returns to the village after talking to the old guardian of the Temple, the village has been\n\nThe Sumgait pogrom was a pogrom that targeted the Armenian population of the lakeside town of Sumgait in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic in late February 1988. The pogrom took place during the early stages of the Karabakh movement. On February 27, 1988, mobs of ethnic Azerbaijanis formed into groups and attacked and killed Armenians on the streets and in their apartments; widespread looting and a general lack of concern from police officers allowed the violence to continue for three days. On February 28, a small contingent of Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) troops entered the city and unsuccessfully attempted to quell the rioting. More professional military units entered with tanks and armored personnel vehicles one day later. Government forces imposed a state of martial law and curfew and brought the crisis to an end. The official death toll released by the Prosecutor General of the USSR (tallies were compiled\n\nTacony () is a historic neighborhood in Northeast Philadelphia, United States, approximately from downtown (\"Center City\") Philadelphia. It is bounded by the east side of Frankford Avenue on the northwest, the south side of Cottman Avenue on the northeast, the north side of Robbins Street on the southwest, and the Delaware River and Interstate 95 on the southeast. Tacony's ZIP code, along with Wissinoming, is 19135. The neighborhood has a large Irish American and Italian American population. A substantial influx of German and German-American inhabitants helped to swell the population after 1855. About 18,000 people now live in Tacony. Although numerous neighborhood borders in Philadelphia are often disputed, because of when and how they developed, were populated, and founded, Tacony is one of the earliest villages along the Delaware River and further inland, in what was at one time a section of \"Oxford Township,\" and would eventually become part of\n\nQuestion: What is Tacony, Philadelphia?", "output": "Tacony  is a historic neighborhood in Northeast Philadelphia, United States, approximately  from downtown Philadelphia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gorgonops (from 'Gorgon' and 'eye, face', literally 'Gorgon eye' or 'Gorgon face') is an extinct genus of gorgonopsian therapsid, of which it is the type genus. Gorgonops lived during the Late Permian (Wuchiapingian), about 260\u2013254 million years ago in what is now South Africa. History of discovery The holotype of the type species, Gorgonops torvus, was one of the first therapsids discovered. It was described by Richard Owen, who also coined the name \"Dinosauria\" on the basis of the first known dinosaur fossils. G. torvus was also used as the type for the family Gorgonopsidae, which was described by Richard Lydekker in 1890. Five years later, in 1895, Harry Govier Seeley used this genus to establish the larger clade of Gorgonopsia. In later years, a large number of further species and genera were designated, though many of these were later determined to be synonyms. Gorgonops is known from the Tropidostoma\n\nTwist is a municipality in the Emsland district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated directly on the Dutch border. Situation of the local parts in the municipality of Twist: More than half of the population lives in the center of the municipality (i.e. Twist-Siedlung and B\u00fclt). The other half is spread over the other villages, of which Sch\u00f6ningsdorf (population about 1100) and R\u00fchlerfeld (900) are the largest. The other villages are smaller (Adorf about 500, Hebelermeer 400, Neuringe 300 inhabitants). History The settlement in the area of today's municipality Twist began quite late around the year 1784. The prince-bishop of M\u00fcnster Max Franz satisfied the wishes of some \"Heuerleute\", a kind of farmer, from the nearby village of Hesepe to settle down in the bog \"Twist\". This was the starting point of the settlement in Twist; to be more precise it starts at the street of houses which is\n\nAstoria is a port city and the seat of Clatsop County, Oregon, United States. Founded in 1811, Astoria is the oldest city in the state and was the first permanent American settlement west of the Rocky Mountains. The county is the northwest corner of Oregon, and Astoria is located on the south shore of the Columbia River, where the river flows into the Pacific Ocean. The city is named for John Jacob Astor, an investor and entrepreneur from New York City, whose American Fur Company founded Fort Astoria at the site and established a monopoly in the fur trade in the early 19th century. Astoria was incorporated by the Oregon Legislative Assembly on October 20, 1856. The city is served by the deepwater Port of Astoria. Transportation includes the Astoria Regional Airport. U.S. Route 30 and U.S. Route 101 are the main highways, and the Astoria\u2013Megler Bridge connects to neighboring\n\nQuestion: What is Astoria, Oregon?", "output": "Astoria is a port city and the seat of Clatsop County, Oregon, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In the Sanskrit epics, the Gopa Rashtra (Gopa kingdom) of central and western India is believed to have been ruled by Shri Krishna. Inscriptions indicate the presence of a region by this name in the Chalukya empire (present day Maharashtra and Goa). In the Junagarh inscriptions of Skandagupta and Chalukyan records, Gopa rasthra is mentioned as the colony inhabited by the Abhir people. Kautilya states that the region was tribal corporation following the profession of agriculture and arms both. According to Mahabharata's list of kingdoms given in Bhishma Parva, chapter-9, Pandu Rashtra, Gopa Rashtra, Malla Rashtra and Ashmaka together formed the modern Maharashtra. The term Goa is derived from Goparashtra i.e. the area of Yadavas. History The name of Gopa rashtra forms part among the various kingdoms of Ancient India as narrated in the epic Mahabharata. The state of Goa is described as ancient Goparashtra and it takes its present\n\nMagnesium wheels are wheels manufactured from alloys which contain mostly magnesium. Magnesium wheels are produced either by casting (metalworking) (where molten metal is introduced into a mold, solidifying within the mold), or by forging (where a prefabricated bar is deformed mechanically). Magnesium has several key properties that make it an attractive base metal for wheels: lightness; a high damping capacity; and a high specific strength. Magnesium is the lightest metallic structural material available. It is 1.5 times less dense than aluminium, so magnesium wheels can be designed to be significantly lighter than aluminium alloy wheels, while exhibiting comparable strength. Many competitive racing wheels are made of magnesium alloy. Cast magnesium wheels Taking into account their generally inferior quality compared to forged wheels, the main advantage of cast wheels is the relatively low cost of production. And although cast wheels are more affordable than forged wheels, cast wheels are heavier than\n\nThe Suncoast Seabird Sanctuary was a bird sanctuary in Indian Shores, Florida that was in operation from 1971-2016. In 1990, its bird hospital was called \"the largest wild bird hospital in North America\". The sanctuary operated solely on private donations and was the largest not-for-profit wild bird sanctuary and rehabilitation center in the United States. The sanctuary was dedicated to the Rescue, Repair, Rehabilitation and Release of sick and/or injured wild birds, and provided a permanent home to non-releasable birds in a safe and healthy environment. In January, 2013, the sanctuary experienced a staff walk-out due to non-payment of wages. The sanctuary remained open, thanks to the tireless efforts of a handful of dedicated individuals. In April 2013, the Sumter Disaster Animal Rescue Team helped the Sanctuary refurbish and prep the wild bird hospital to reopen. Due to a legal settlement in September 2016, the Suncoast Seabird Sanctuary ceased operations\n\nQuestion: What is Suncoast Seabird Sanctuary", "output": "The Suncoast Seabird Sanctuary was a bird sanctuary in Indian Shores, Florida that was in operation from 1971-2016."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Section Eight Productions, or just Section Eight, was an American film production company founded in 2000 by film director Steven Soderbergh and actor/director George Clooney. It produced the critical hits Far from Heaven, Insomnia, Syriana, A Scanner Darkly and Michael Clayton, as well as Clooney-directed films Confessions of a Dangerous Mind and Good Night, and Good Luck. In 2005, Syriana and Good Night, and Good Luck picked up eight Oscars nominations between them. With Soderbergh citing a desire to focus on directing, and Clooney forming production company Smokehouse Pictures with Grant Heslov, the two decided to shut down Section Eight at the end of 2006. Films Notes and references External links New York Times, January 18, 2005: Trying to Combine Art and Box Office in Hollywood \u2014 article about Section Eight, Clooney, & Soderbergh. Entertainment companies established in 2000 Mass media companies established in 2000 Mass media companies disestablished in\n\nDown and Derby (released as Racing Ace outside of North America) is a 2005 American comedy film written and directed by Eric Hendershot and starring Greg Germann, Lauren Holly, Adam Hicks, and Pat Morita. The movie was filmed outside St. George, Utah. The film was released to theatres and home video in 2005. Despite poor reviews and poor box office results, the film gained success on home video, giving it a slight cult following. Plot Phil's wife Kim, the den mother of the local Cub Scout pack, gives a pinewood derby kit to each of the Cub Scouts. Although the boys are supposed to make their own cars from the kits, with appropriate adult supervision, the four dads obsessively take over the project, totally excluding the boys. As each man becomes more and more obsessed with building the fastest car, their wives eventually become so annoyed that they leave the\n\nXenon trioxide is an unstable compound of xenon in its +6 oxidation state. It is a very powerful oxidizing agent, and liberates oxygen from water slowly, accelerated by exposure to sunlight. It is dangerously explosive upon contact with organic materials. When it detonates, it releases xenon and oxygen gas. Chemistry Synthesis of xenon trioxide is by aqueous hydrolysis of : + 3 \u2192 + 6 HF The resulting xenon trioxide crystals are a strong oxidising agent and can oxidise most substances that are at all oxidisable. However, it is slow-acting and this reduces its usefulness. Above 25 \u00b0C, xenon trioxide is very prone to violent explosion: 2 XeO3 \u2192 2 Xe + 3 O2 (\u0394Hf = \u2212403 kJ/mol) When it dissolves in water, an acidic solution of xenic acid is formed: XeO3(aq) + H2O \u2192 H2XeO4 H+ + This solution is stable at room temperature and lacks the explosive properties\n\nQuestion: Define Section Eight Productions.", "output": "Section Eight Productions, or just Section Eight, was an American film production company founded in 2000 by film director Steven Soderbergh and actor/director George Clooney."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "is a railway station in Chiba, Chiba, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and Chiba Urban Monorail. Lines Chiba Station is served by the following lines. JR East Sobu Main Line Ch\u016b\u014d-S\u014dbu Line Sobu Line (Rapid) Narita Line Sotobo Line Uchibo Line Chiba Urban Monorail Line 1 Line 2 Station layout JR East Chiba Urban Monorail History The station opened on 20 July 1894. The present station building was built in 1963. Rebuilding work was scheduled to start in January 2010, with the new station building opening in fiscal 2015. Passenger statistics In fiscal 2013, the JR East station was used by 105,812 passengers daily (boarding passengers only), making it the 33rd-busiest station operated by JR East. In fiscal 2011, the Chiba Urban Monorail station was used by an average of 10,639 passengers per day (boarding passengers only), making it the busiest station operated by Chiba Urban\n\nHerbert Fr\u00f6hlich (9 December 1905 \u2013 23 January 1991) FRS was a German-born British physicist. Career In 1927, Fr\u00f6hlich entered Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich to study physics, and received his doctorate under Arnold Sommerfeld in 1930. His first position was as Privatdozent at the University of Freiburg. Due to rising anti-Semitism and the Deutsche Physik movement under Adolf Hitler, and at the invitation of Yakov Frenkel, Fr\u00f6hlich went to the Soviet Union, in 1933, to work at the Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute in Leningrad. During the Great Purge following the murder of Sergei Kirov, he fled to England in 1935. Except for a short visit to the Netherlands and a brief internment during World War II, he worked in Nevill Francis Mott's department, at the University of Bristol, until 1948, rising to the position of Reader. At the invitation of James Chadwick, he took the Chair for Theoretical Physics at the\n\nWayne Pride (born 29 June 1943) is an Australian country music and memory lane musician, who started his career in 1959 as a vocalist and guitarist in Sydney, Australia. He has toured with Charley Pride and Buddy Williams, made over 100 television appearances. Pride won the 'Best Entertainer' category at the Western Australian Country Music Awards in 1986, 1989 and 1991. He was the opening act for Don Williams in early 2004. Later in 2004 Pride travelled to the United States to meet Dwight Peters, together they wrote \"Smoky Mountain Memories\". He returned to the US in 2008 to continue his work with Peters. Pride has performed with Willie Nelson. Biography Wayne Pride was born on 29 June 1943 and started his musical career in Sydney in 1959. Since 1964, Pride has idolised US country artist, Roger Miller, he worked with Miller's brothers Duane and Wendell to create a tribute\n\nQuestion: What is Chiba Station", "output": "is a railway station in Chiba, Chiba, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company and Chiba Urban Monorail."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Robert Desiderio (born September 9, 1951) is an American actor best known for his roles on television. He starred as Steve Piermont in the ABC daytime soap opera One Life to Live (1982-83) opposite his future wife, Judith Light. He starred in the short-lived HBO drama series, Maximum Security (1984-85), the ABC crime drama Heart of the City (1986-87), and from 1988 to 1989 played Ted Melcher in the CBS prime time soap opera, Knots Landing. Career Desiderio first came to prominence in soap operas, appearing in daytime dramas such as Search for Tomorrow (1979\u201380), Ryan's Hope (1982) and One Life to Live (1982\u201383). In 1986\u20131987, he starred in the short-lived ABC primetime drama series Heart of the City. From 1988 to 1989 he had the recurring role of Ted Melcher in the CBS primetime soap opera, Knots Landing. He received Soap Opera Digest Awards nomination for Outstanding Villain: Prime\n\nMadeleine Wing Adler was the first female president of West Chester University in West Chester, Pennsylvania. She received a bachelor's degree from Northwestern University and master's degree and Ph.D. in political science from the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison. Prior to her West Chester University presidency, she held administrative positions at Framingham State College in Massachusetts, The City University of New York, Queens College, and the CUNY Central Office. Adler also has taught at American University and Pennsylvania State University. Adler has served on numerous boards and committees for civic organizations, including Chester County Fund for Women and Girls, the Chester County Historical Society and the National Endowment for the Arts/American Canvas. In 1998, Chester County named her its citizen of the year and the Philadelphia Business Journal named her a Woman of Distinction in 2002. On May 3, 2007, Adler announced her retirement after serving 15 years at the institution. She\n\nThe Flight Design CT series is a family of high-wing, tricycle undercarriage, two seat, ultralight and light-sport aircraft produced by Flight Design (Flightdesign Vertrieb) of Germany. The family includes the original CT and the CT2K, CTSW, CTLS and the MC models. The maiden flight of the original CT model was performed in March 1996, quantity production of the type commenced during the following year at Flight Design's facility in Ukraine. Since its introduction, numerous variants of the CT series have been introduced, a total of 400 aircraft were reportedly in use worldwide by 2005. During 2015, in response to rising demand for the type, Flight Design opted to construct a new manufacturing facility in China to produce the type. Development The development of the CT series commenced during the mid-1990s, with work on the programme starting only a few years after the founding of Flight Design in 1993. Prior to\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Madeleine Wing Adler is.", "output": "Madeleine Wing Adler was the first female president of West Chester University in West Chester, Pennsylvania."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "East Layton is a village and civil parish in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England, close to the border with County Durham and a few miles west of Darlington. The racehorse Crisp is interred there. Demographics East Layton, considered a parish, is situated a few miles west of the town of Darlington. In the 1870s, East Layton was described as \"township, Stan wick and Melsonby pars., North-Riding Yorkshire, 5\u00bd miles N. of Richmond, 1072 ac., pop. 156. \" by John Bartholomew. Today, East Layton has a population of 117, according to the 2011 census. History Church The parish is home to a Grade II listed Church, believed to have been constructed in 1895. It was given its listed title in 1969, similar to that of East Layton Hall. Formerly named 'Chapel of Ease' has got a bell tower, but not a steeple. East Layton Hall East Layton Hall is\n\nCarl Edward Bereiter (born 1930) is an American education researcher, professor emeritus at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto known for his research into knowledge building. Biography He was born and raised in Wisconsin and entered Wisconsin University, where he was awarded B.A. in 1951, M.A. in 1952 and a Ph.D in 1959. In 1961 he was appointed Assistant Professor at the University of Illinois, before moving his current position as Professor at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. Since 1996 he is also held the position of Co-Director, Programs and Research, Education Commons. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1967. Contributions His areas of research are: Knowledge building Knowledge age Knowledge workers Research design Intentional learning Instruction Cognitive psychology Educational policy Educational technology. Carl Bereiter is one of the pioneers of Computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL). In collaboration with Marlene Scardamalia, he introduced\n\nBrocton Football Club is a football club representing Brocton, near Stafford, England. They are currently members of the and play at Silkmore Lane in Stafford. History The club was formed in 1937 after the owner of the Chetwynd Arms pub, Arthur Mayer, gave a football to local boys and asked them to establish a club. In 1946\u201347 they won the Rugeley & District League. After winning the league again the following season, they moved on to the Cannock Chase League. The club were champions of the new league in 1954\u201355, before going on to win the title again in 1954\u201355, 1956\u201357, 1957\u201358, 1960\u201361, 1973\u201374 and 1977\u201378. The next step was to move up to Division One of the Staffordshire County League (South). They were runners-up in 1982\u201383, and after finishing second again the following season, the club were promoted to the Premier Division, where they finished as runners-up in 1985\u201386.\n\nQuestion: What is East Layton", "output": "East Layton is a village and civil parish in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England, close to the border with County Durham and a few miles west of Darlington."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\u017diar nad Hronom (slang: \u017diar, , ; until 1920 Sv\u00e4t\u00fd Kr\u00ed\u017e and until 1955 Sv\u00e4t\u00fd Kr\u00ed\u017e nad Hronom) is a city in Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica Region, Slovakia. Name development The name of the settlement has gone through multiple developments. Prior to 1237, the settlement was known as a place with a toll station. In 1237, first name of the settlmenet emerges, as a combination of Latin and Hungarian, with the town called Cristur (later Kerest\u00far), which translates to The Cross of the Lord. Back then, the settlement was split between the dominions of the \u0160\u00e1\u0161ov castle and the Benedictine Abbey of Hronsk\u00fd Be\u0148adik. In 1773, the village was known as Holy Cross, in various language versions, including Latin (Sancta Crux), Hungarian (Szent Kereszt), German (Heiligs Cre\u00fctz) or Slovak (Swaty Kriss). Similar names were recorded in 1808, despite minor influence caused by linguistic developments. In 1873, Hungarian name Barsszentkereszt is used, but\n\nThe Fairfax Symphony Orchestra is a regional orchestra based in Fairfax, Virginia, founded in 1957. Currently, the Fairfax Symphony plays at the George Mason University Center for the Arts Concert Hall. Notable members from past and present include Maestro Christopher Zimmerman, music director since 2009; Maestro William Hudson, music director from 1972 to 2009; Daniel E. Gawthrop who was for three years the FSO's composer-in-residence; and Gregory Rupert, the FSO's principal violist, noted as one of the top viola performers in the United States. Mission The mission of the Fairfax Symphony Orchestra is: \"To explore and present the symphonic repertoire, both traditional and modern, for the diverse audiences of the Northern Virginia region while building the musicians and audiences of the future through education and outreach programs throughout Fairfax County.\" References External links Official Website of the Fairfax Symphony Orchestra Interview with William Hudson, 2007 Musical groups established in 1957\n\nSimon Woods (born 7 January 1980) is an English actor and playwright best known for his role as Octavian in Season 2 of the British-American television series Rome and the 2005 Pride & Prejudice as Charles Bingley. Personal life Woods attended Eton College, then read English at Magdalen College, Oxford. While at Oxford, he became friends with Chelsea Clinton. After graduating from Oxford, Woods worked briefly at The Guardian before becoming an actor. While at Oxford in 2000, he was in a relationship with Rosamund Pike that lasted two years. The two later played lovers Jane Bennet and Charles Bingley in Pride & Prejudice. Since 2009, Woods has been in a relationship with Christopher Bailey, the former chief executive of the British fashion house, Burberry. They married in 2012. They have two daughters, Iris and Nell. Filmography Playwright Woods's stage play Hansard was presented at the Lyttelton Theatre, London, in\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Fairfax Symphony Orchestra is.", "output": "The Fairfax Symphony Orchestra is a regional orchestra based in Fairfax, Virginia, founded in 1957."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Buloh Kasap Bridge () is a historical bridge in Malaysia, made famous during World War II. It is located on Federal Route 1 in the town of Buloh Kasap, Segamat District, Johor, Malaysia. The bridge is built across the Muar River (Sungai Muar) which flows pass Buloh Kasap. The old Buloh Kasap bridge was built by the Johor Government and built by the Federal Malay States Public Works Department during the construction of Federal Route 1 This bridge was first built in 1926 and completed in 1930. In 1938 , the bridge was inaugurated by the Sultan of Johore in conjunction with the completion of the Federal Route 1 from Bukit Kayu Hitam to Johor Bahru. However, the Allied soldiers demolished a part of the bridge during World War II to stop the advance of Japanese soldiers from moving forward to Singapore. After the war ended, the bridge was\n\nThe Amber Diceless Roleplaying Game is a role-playing game created and written by Erick Wujcik, set in the fictional universe created by author Roger Zelazny for his Chronicles of Amber. The game is unusual in that no dice are used in resolving conflicts or player actions; instead a simple diceless system of comparative ability, and narrative description of the action by the players and gamemaster, is used to determine how situations are resolved. Amber DRPG was created in the 1980s, and is much more focused on relationships and roleplaying than most of the roleplaying games of that era. Most Amber characters are members of the two ruling classes in the Amber multiverse, and are much more advanced in matters of strength, endurance, psyche, warfare and sorcery than ordinary beings. This often means that the only individuals who are capable of opposing a character are from his or her family, a\n\nThe Centre-Left Grassroots Alliance (CLGA) is a centre-left group of elected members on the Labour Party's National Executive Committee, founded in 1998. They represent members from a broad spectrum of the Labour membership, ranging from the centre-left to those on the left-wing. History Founding The Centre-Left Grassroots Alliance's founding groups were originally Labour Reform, a centre-left democratic group within the Party founded at a meeting in Birmingham in November 1995, and the Campaign for Labour Party Democracy, the left wing democratic grouping, who subsequently brought in other more left-wing groupings from within the Labour Party. Private talks with trades union representatives to build a broader base had failed on union demands and this initiated the inclusion of a much broader left group from the grassroots, including Labour Left Briefing [Liz Davies] and the then-Editor of Tribune, Mark Seddon. Prominent founding members also include Ann Black and Andy Howell. Successful efforts\n\nQuestion: What is Amber Diceless Roleplaying Game", "output": "The Amber Diceless Roleplaying Game is a role-playing game created and written by Erick Wujcik, set in the fictional universe created by author Roger Zelazny for his Chronicles of Amber."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Eriswil is a municipality in the Emmental administrative district in the Swiss canton of Bern. History Eriswil is first mentioned in 1256 as Erolzwile. Very little is known about the early history of the village. By the High Middle Ages a local noble family, the von Eriswil family, were a Ministerialis (unfree knights in the service of a feudal overlord) family in service to the Counts of Kyburg. However, the family died out in the 14th century. In the last quarter of the 14th century the region was acquired by St. Gallen and incorporated into the Rohrbach district. Over the following century, Bernese expansion brought Rohrbach under Bern's control. In 1504 it bought the entire region and added Eriswil to the Trachselwald bailiwick in the Oberaargau District. The village church was originally under the authority of the Abbey of Saint Gall. It appears that the oldest part of the church\n\n\"Riding shotgun\" was a phrase used to describe the bodyguard who rides alongside a stagecoach driver, typically armed with a break-action shotgun, called a coach gun, to ward off bandits or hostile Native Americans. In modern use, it refers to the practice of sitting alongside the driver in a moving vehicle. The coining of this phrase dates to 1905 at the latest. Etymology The expression \"riding shotgun\" is derived from \"shotgun messenger\", a colloquial term for \"express messenger\", when stagecoach travel was popular during the American Wild West and the Colonial period in Australia. The person rode alongside the driver. The first known use of the phrase \"riding shotgun\" was in the 1905 novel The Sunset Trail by Alfred Henry Lewis. It was later used in print and especially film depiction of stagecoaches and wagons in the Old West in danger of being robbed or attacked by bandits. A special\n\nHoussine Kharja (; born 9 November 1982) is a Moroccan former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. Born in France, he spent most of his career in Italy after starting out on his senior career at Sporting CP. In the Serie A he played for a number of clubs, including A.S. Roma, Internazionale and Fiorentina, making a total of 117 appearances and scoring 13 goals. At international level, he represented the Morocco national team earning 78 caps and scoring 13 goals between 2003 and 2015. Club career Youth Kharja began his career with Paris Saint-Germain's youth side and in 1998 he joined Gaz\u00e9lec Ajaccio. Portugal In 2000 he joined the Portuguese side Sporting CP. Italy After only one season at Sporting, he joined Ternana in 2001. He played four impressive Serie B seasons for the Rossoverdi, gaining a place in the Moroccan national team, and being loaned to\n\nQuestion: What is Eriswil", "output": "Eriswil is a municipality in the Emmental administrative district in the Swiss canton of Bern."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Boraginales is an order of flowering plants in the asterid clade. It includes the Boraginaceae and a number of other families, with a total of about 125 genera and 2,700 species. Its herbs, shrubs, trees and lianas (vines) have a worldwide distribution. Taxonomy History The classification of plants now known as Boraginales dates to the Genera plantarum (1789) when Antoine Laurent de Jussieu named a group of plants Boragineae, to include the genus Borago, now the type genus. However, since the first valid description was by Friedrich von Berchtold and Jan Svatopluk Presl (1820), the botanical authority is given as Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl, where the ex refers to the prior authority of Jussieu. Lindley (1853) changed the name to the modern Boraginaceae. Jussieu divided the Boragineae into five groups. Since then Boraginaceae has been treated either as a large family with several subfamilies, or as a smaller family\n\nTomarza, formerly known as Dumarza (Armenian: \u0534\u0578\u0582\u0574\u0561\u0580\u0566\u0561), is a municipality and district of Kayseri Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,405 km2, and its population is 21,100 (2022). The mayor is Davut \u015eahin (AKP). Tomarza is a famous city for its pumpkin seeds production. According to Gida Tarim, Tomarza is one of the important pumpkin seed production centers in Turkey. While 60 percent of the snack pumpkin seeds produced in Turkey are met by Kayseri, 25 percent of the production in Kayseri comes from the city of Tomarza. Pumpkin seeds will be planted on 40 thousand acres of land. In 2020, 5 thousand 500 tons of harvest were obtained from the pumpkin seeds for snacks planted on 40 thousand acres of land in Tomarza. Other important activities are potato production, and sheep, goat and cattle-raising. Composition There are 54 neighbourhoods in Tomarza District: Akdere Akmezar Arslanta\u015f Av\u015fars\u00f6\u011f\u00fctl\u00fc Bekta\u015f B\u00f6ke Bostanl\u0131k B\u00fcy\u00fckcanl\u0131\n\nZaryadye () is a historical district in Moscow established in the 12th or 13th century within Kitai-gorod, between Varvarka Street and the Moskva River. The name means \"the place behind the rows\", i.e., behind the market rows adjacent to Red Square. History Zaryadye is the oldest trading settlement outside the Kremlin walls. The first chronicle notice is dated 1365, when a fire destroyed the area. Fires continued in 1390, 1468, 1493, 1547; in 1451, the fire was set by Tatar raiders. Zaryadye's Main Street (\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0443\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430), later called Mokrinsky Lane (\u041c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0443\u043b\u043e\u043a), connected Kremlin with the docks and warehouses on Moskva River; some sources call it the first street of Moscow outside Kremlin walls. In 1536\u20131538, the walls of Kitai-gorod fortress separated Zaryadye from the river; access to the river was possible only through the gates in the south-western and south-eastern corners of the neighborhood. The businesses changed their logistics\n\nQuestion: What is Boraginales", "output": "Boraginales is an order of flowering plants in the asterid clade."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bilge Qaghan (; ; 683 \u2013 25 November 734) was the fourth Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate. His accomplishments were described in the Orkhon inscriptions. Names As was the custom, his personal name and the name after assuming the title Qaghan were different. His personal name was recorded in Chinese characters as (). His name after assuming the title was Bilg\u00e4 Qa\u03b3an. (, ). Early years He was born in 683, in the early years of the khaganate. He campaigned alongside his father from early childhood. He was created as Tardush shad and given command over the western wing of the empire in 697 by Qapaghan. He managed to annihilate Wei Yuanzhong's army in 701 with his brother. He also reconquered Basmyl tribes in 703. He also subdued Yenisei Kyrgyz forces in 709, after their disobedience had to reconquer and kill their Qaghan in 710. He killed T\u00fcrgesh khagan\n\nPalais Coburg, also known as Palais Saxe-Coburg, is a palace in Vienna, Austria. It was owned by the Kohary branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Palais Coburg was designed in 1839 by architect Karl Schleps in Neoclassical style, and built from 1840 to 1845 by Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha atop the Braunbastei (Brown Bastion), a part of the Vienna city defences dating to 1555. It is nicknamed the Spargelburg (\"castle of asparagus\") for its central portico with many freestanding columns. Its last private owner was Sarah Aurelia Halasz, morganatic widow of a prince, who lived there with her family. The owners sold the palace in the 1970s and today is a luxury five star boutique hotel after extensive renovations. The palatial hotel has 33 suites and it was the venue for the Iran nuclear deal signed on 14 July 2015. References , Haus der K\u00f6nige. Das\n\nMuncho Lake is a lake in northern British Columbia, Canada. Geography The lake is part of the Muncho Lake Provincial Park and located at kilometre 681 (mile ) of the Alaska Highway. The lake is about long and its width varies . It reaches a maximum depth of . The surrounding peaks (the Terminal Range of the Muskwa Ranges to the west and the Sentinel Range to the east) reach altitudes of more than , while the lake lies at an elevation of . It is formed along the Trout River, a tributary of the Liard River. The jade green color of the lake is attributed to the presence of copper oxide leached from the bedrock underneath. Its name is derived from the Kaska language in which \"muncho\" translates as \"big water\". The small community of Muncho Lake is established on the lake's southern shore, at the confluence of Trout\n\nQuestion: Define Muncho Lake.", "output": "Muncho Lake is a lake in northern British Columbia, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Christine \"Chrissie\" Williams (also Levy) is a fictional character from the BBC medical drama Holby City, played by Tina Hobley. She first appeared in the third series episode \"The Road Less Travelled\", broadcast on 5 June 2001. Hobley decided to leave Holby City and Chrissie's final appearance occurred in the sixteenth series episode \"Merry-Go-Round\", which was broadcast on 19 November 2013. Development Chrissie first appeared in the final episode of the third series of Holby City. The episode was titled \"The Road Less Travelled\" and was originally broadcast on 5 June 2001. Executive producer Mal Young approached Hobley about the possibility of joining Holby City and she stated her interest. Young created the role especially for Hobley because he thought a \"bitchy\" role was suited to her. Chrissie was also created to replace the vacant Ward Sister role following the departure of Julie Fitzjohn (Nicola Stephenson). Chrissie is introduced via\n\nIn computer programming, append is the operation for concatenating linked lists or arrays in some high-level programming languages. Lisp Append originates in the programming language Lisp. The append procedure takes zero or more (linked) lists as arguments, and returns the concatenation of these lists. (append '(1 2 3) '(a b) '() '(6)) ;Output: (1 2 3 a b 6) Since the append procedure must completely copy all of its arguments except the last, both its time and space complexity are O(n) for a list of elements. It may thus be a source of inefficiency if used injudiciously in code. The nconc procedure (called append! in Scheme) performs the same function as append, but destructively: it alters the cdr of each argument (save the last), pointing it to the next list. Implementation Append can easily be defined recursively in terms of cons. The following is a simple implementation in Scheme, for\n\nMelanotan II is a synthetic analogue of the peptide hormone \u03b1-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (\u03b1-MSH) that stimulates melanogenesis and increases sexual arousal. It was under development as drug candidate for female sexual dysfunction and erectile dysfunction but clinical development ceased by 2003, and as of 2018, no product containing melanotan II was marketed and all commercial development had ceased. Unlicensed, untested, or fraudulent products sold as \"melanotan II\" are found on the Internet, and purported to be effective as \"tanning drugs\", though side effects such as uneven pigmentation (it makes already uneven pigmentation more noticeable), new nevi (moles), and darkening or enlargement of existing moles have been reported and have led to medical authorities discouraging its use. There has been no scientific study into the long term and permanent side effects the use of this peptide may cause. Synthesis In the synthesis of melanotan II, an \u03b5-amino group of lysine and an\n\nQuestion: Define Melanotan II.", "output": "Melanotan II is a synthetic analogue of the peptide hormone \u03b1-melanocyte-stimulating hormone that stimulates melanogenesis and increases sexual arousal."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hand of Blood is the second EP by Welsh heavy metal band Bullet for My Valentine, released on 22 August 2005 through Trustkill Records. The EP is almost the same as the previous, but with completely different artwork and slightly altered track listing (\"4 Words (To Choke Upon)\" was track 6 on the Japan version of the self-titled EP). Hand of Blood included the single \"4 Words (To Choke Upon)\", accompanied by a music video, along with \"Hand of Blood\". The songs \"4 Words (To Choke Upon)\" and \"Cries in Vain\" were later included on the band's full-length debut, The Poison. The title track also appears on the limited edition of the same album. AllMusic asserted that the EP is \"essentially a deluxe version\" of the band's self-titled 2004 EP. Appearances in other media The song \"Hand of Blood\" is featured in the video game Burnout Revenge in the in-game\n\nYouOS was a web desktop and web integrated development environment, developed by Webshaka until June 2008. From 2006 to 2008 YouOS replicated the desktop environment of a modern operating system on a webpage, using JavaScript to communicate with the remote server. This allowed users to save their current desktop state to return to later, much like the hibernation feature in many true operating systems, and for multiple users to collaborate using a single environment. YouOS featured built-in sharing of music, documents and other files. The software was in alpha stage, and was referred to as a \"web operating system\" by WebShaka. An application programming interface and an IDE (integrated development environment) were in development. Over 700 applications were created using this API. In 2006, YouOS was listed on the 7th position of PC World's list of \"The 20 Most Innovative Products of the Year\". YouOS was shut down on July\n\nPlaywin is an online lottery run by the Essel Group through PAN India and sanctioned by the Sikkim government. It was one of the first such lotteries to be opened in India. Established in November 2001, it had sales throughout India both through retailers and online. It quickly became known as one of the most popular lotteries in India. The Playwin lottery is temporarily paused as the Essel Group had to sell of parts of their operations to cover debts. The biggest Playwin jackpot was from the Thursday Super Lotto game, amounting more than Rs.17crore rupees, and won by a resident of Kolkata Mr Jay Prakash Jaiswal. In 2006, Mid-Day reported that there was no taker for a winning jackpot ticket in Pune with prize money of Rs 2 Crores. In August 2015, Playwin felicitated and handed over cheques worth over Rs 9 Crores to its jackpot winners at a\n\nQuestion: What's Hand of Blood?", "output": "Hand of Blood is the second EP by Welsh heavy metal band Bullet for My Valentine, released on 22 August 2005 through Trustkill Records."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sebastian Piras is a photographer and filmmaker from Italy. Sebastian has lived in Italy, England, France and Germany before settling in New York City in 1985. His main photographic subject has been portraiture. His exhibition \"Artists Exposed\" contains a collection of captivating portraits of known artists, such as Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein, and lesser known ones. David Ross, former director of the Whitney Museum of American Art, who wrote the preface for the book Artists Exposed, heralded Piras' photos as: \"probing and extraordinarily beautiful portraits of artists . . . that ultimately produces winners at both ends of the camera.\" His photographs have been published, exhibited and collected worldwide. He has worked in film as a cameraman/steadicam operator and director. He has directed and filmed documentaries, including \"Taylor Mead Unleashed\", which also featured Allen Ginsberg and Quentin Crisp. Books Piras, Sebastiano. Artists exposed: Ritratti fotografici di Sebastiano Piras. Testi\n\nTen Network Holdings Ltd, commonly referred as Paramount Australia & New Zealand, is a major media company in Australia. Headquartered in Sydney, its major asset is Network 10, a free-to-air television network. Formerly a public company listed on the Australian Securities Exchange, since December 2019, it has been a subsidiary of Paramount Networks UK & Australia. Assets While originally focusing on running a television network, Ten has recently diversified into a range of other media areas over the past decade. Below are some of the businesses it has run, or is involved with: Network 10 is an Australian commercial free-to-air television primary channel Sydney Melbourne Brisbane Adelaide Perth 10 HD is an Australian free-to-air HD digital television multichannel using the primary channel simulcast. 10 Bold is an Australian free-to-air digital television multichannel dramatic programming aimed towards viewers over 40. 10 Peach is an Australian free-to-air digital television multichannel featuring comedy,\n\nCatford Stadium was a historic greyhound racing stadium in Catford, a suburb of London. Origins Charles Benstead and Frank Sutton founded the stadium on Southern Railway land between two commuter lines in 1932. The entrance was on Adenmore Road, West of Doggett Road. Greyhound Racing Opening The inaugural meeting was held on Saturday 30 July 1932 and consisted of a seven card race of events comprising four or five runners. Mick the Miller was paraded around the track prior to the fourth race. The first racing manager was Lt. Col. A J Vernon and there were no fewer than eighty bookmakers. A kennel complex was constructed at Layham's Farm, Keston, near Biggin Hill and six trainers were appointed. The track was described as a tight 369 yard circumference circuit and the hare was an 'Outside Breco Silent' before being switched to a more conventional 'Outside McKee'. Buses originally dropped patrons\n\nQuestion: Define Sebastian Piras.", "output": "Sebastian Piras is a photographer and filmmaker from Italy."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In organic chemistry, allenes are organic compounds in which one carbon atom has double bonds with each of its two adjacent carbon atoms (, where R is H or some organyl group). Allenes are classified as cumulated dienes. The parent compound of this class is propadiene (), which is itself also called allene. An group of the structure is called allenyl, where R is H or some alkyl group. Compounds with an allene-type structure but with more than three carbon atoms are members of a larger class of compounds called cumulenes with bonding. History For many years, allenes were viewed as curiosities but thought to be synthetically useless and difficult to prepare and to work with. Reportedly, the first synthesis of an allene, glutinic acid, was performed in an attempt to prove the non-existence of this class of compounds. The situation began to change in the 1950s, and more than\n\nLone Scouts of America (LSA) was a Scouting organization for American boys that operated from 1915 until it merged with the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) in 1924. The LSA was founded by W. D. Boyce, publisher of the Chicago Ledger and the Saturday Blade and one of the founders of the BSA. Boyce felt that the program of the BSA did not help the rural boy who could not find enough other boys to form a troop or a patrol. James E. West, the first Chief Scout Executive of the BSA, disagreed with Boyce's concept, believing that the 4-H program was fulfilling the role. After Boyce left the BSA, he started the Lone Scouts of America and incorporated it on January 9, 1915. Boyce became the executive officer or Chief Totem and Frank Allan Morgan became the editor of The Lone Scout. In October 1915, Boyce appointed all of\n\nBassas da India (; ) is an uninhabited, roughly circular French atoll that is part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. Located in the southern Mozambique Channel, about halfway between Mozambique and Madagascar (about further east) and around northwest of Europa Island, the rim of the atoll averages around in width and encloses a shallow lagoon of depth no greater than . Overall, the atoll is about in diameter, rising steeply from the seabed below to encircle an area (including lagoon) of . Its exclusive economic zone, in size, is contiguous with that of Europa Island. The atoll consists of ten barren rocky islets, with no vegetation, totaling in area. Those on the north and east sides are high, while those on the west and south sides are high. The reef, whose coastline measures , is entirely covered by the sea from three hours before high tide to three\n\nQuestion: Define Allenes.", "output": "In organic chemistry, allenes are organic compounds in which one carbon atom has double bonds with each of its two adjacent carbon atoms."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wallace Augustus Rayfield (1874\u20131941), was an American architect and educator. He was the second formally educated practicing African American architect in the United States. Biography Wallace Augustus Rayfield was born around May 10, 1874 in Bibb County near Macon, Georgia. Rayfield attended schools in Macon, Georgia before moving to Washington, D.C. to live with his aunt after the death of his mother. He was an apprentice at an architectural firm A. B. Mullett and Co. while attending Howard University. Rayfield received a B.S. degree in 1896 in Classics from Howard University. He then completed a graduate certificate in 1898 from Pratt Institute, before earning his bachelor of architecture (B. Arch) in architecture from Columbia University in 1899. Upon graduation, he was recruited by Booker T. Washington to the role Directorship of the Architectural and Mechanical Drawing Department at Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University) in Tuskegee, Alabama. His students included William\n\nHome Hill is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Burdekin, Queensland, Australia. In the , the locality of Home Hill had a population of 2,954 people. At the delta of the Burdekin River, it is a sugarcane growing area with underground water supplies to irrigate crops. Badilla is a neighbourhood in the south of the locality (). Geography Home Hill lies approximately south of Townsville and north of the state capital Brisbane on the Bruce Highway. It is a part of the Shire of Burdekin which includes the town of Ayr to the north. Both towns are governed by the Burdekin Shire Council. The Burdekin River forms the locality's north-western boundary. The town is situated centrally within the locality surrounded by crop farming. The Bruce Highway passes through the town from the south-east (Fredericksfield / Inkerman) to the north-west crossing the river via the Burdekin Bridge to\n\nSharp, Stewart and Company was a steam locomotive manufacturer, initially located in Manchester, England. The company was formed in 1843 upon the demise of Sharp, Roberts & Co.. It moved to Glasgow, Scotland, in 1888, eventually amalgamating with two other Glaswegian locomotive manufacturers to form the North British Locomotive Company. Early days Iron merchant Thomas Sharp and mechanical engineer Richard Roberts first formed a partnership, Sharp, Roberts & Co. (about which, see also company section in article on Roberts), to manufacture textile machinery and machine tools. They opened the Atlas Works in Manchester in 1828. They had built a few stationary steam engines, and in 1833 built a locomotive, Experiment for the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. It was a four-wheeled 2-2-0 with vertical cylinders over the leading wheels. After a number of modifications, three similar locomotives (Britannia, Manchester, and Hibernia) were built in 1834 for the Dublin and Kingstown Railway.\n\nQuestion: What is Home Hill, Queensland", "output": "Home Hill is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Burdekin, Queensland, Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The County Palatine of Durham was a jurisdiction in the North of England, within which the bishop of Durham had rights usually exclusive to the monarch. It developed from the Liberty of Durham, which emerged in the Anglo-Saxon period. The gradual acquisition of powers by the bishops led to Durham being recognised as a palatinate by the late thirteenth century. Durham was one of several counties palatine in England during the Middle Ages, but was noted for having an exceptionally wide range of powers and independence from the monarch. The county palatine had its own government and institutions, which broadly mirrored those of the monarch and included several judicial courts. From the sixteenth century the palatine rights of the bishops were gradually reduced, and were finally abolished in 1836. The last palatine institution to survive was the court of chancery, which was abolished in 1972. The palatine included most of\n\nBragernes is one of the central areas of the city of Drammen in Viken, Norway. Location Bragernes is located on the northern side of the Drammen River (Drammenselva) and contains the famous town square Bragernes square (Bragernes Torg), the town hall, the Drammen Theatre (Drammens Teater), Drammen park, and most of the shopping and nightlife in Drammen. Also part of Bragernes are several surrounding residential areas, including \u00d8ren, Underlia, Hotvet, Landfall\u00f8ya, Toppenhaug, Str\u00f8tvet and Braker\u00f8ya. Immediately north of Bragernes is the Bragernes Hill (Bragernes\u00e5sen), a large recreational woodland area with an extensive network of trails and paths, some with magnificent views of central Drammen. Bragernes Church The main church in Bragernes dates from 1871. Bragernes Church (Bragernes kirke) was erected in neo-Gothic style and located in the heights towards the hill. Its well-known altarpiece with the Resurrection by Adolph Tidemand has been copied in many other churches within Norway. The\n\nThe Gresham Palace (Gresham-palota) is a building in Budapest, Hungary; it is an example of Art Nouveau architecture. Completed in 1906 as an office and apartment building, it is today the Four Seasons Hotel Budapest Gresham Palace, a luxury hotel managed by Four Seasons Hotels. It is located along the River Danube, adjacent to Sz\u00e9chenyi Square and the eastern terminus of the Sz\u00e9chenyi Chain Bridge. History The site was once occupied by N\u00e1k\u00f3 House, a neo-classical palace built in 1827. In 1880, the London-based Gresham Life Assurance Company bought the property, at a time when it was illegal for insurance companies in Great Britain to invest money in stocks, but rental income was an acceptable and legal investment. The company later decided to build its foreign headquarters on the site, and decided that they needed a grander setting for them. They commissioned local architects Zsigmond Quittner and Jozsef Vago to\n\nQuestion: What's Gresham Palace?", "output": "The Gresham Palace is a building in Budapest, Hungary; it is an example of Art Nouveau architecture."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The car that came to be known as the Lotus Mark II was created in 1949, while Colin Chapman was serving with the RAF. For his second car Chapman built on the knowledge gained from building and competing in the Lotus Mark I, so he again used the widely available and inexpensive Austin 7 chassis as a starting point. He boxed in the chassis rails and replaced the cross members with stronger tubular braces. He swapped the Austin engine for a Ford engine and transmission, first from a Ford 8, then from a Ford 10, but retained the Austin 7 rear axle. To be able to use a wider tyre, Chapman adapted Ford pressed-steel wheels. He modified the engine as far as the club rules would allow. Chapman used this chassis and running gear to support a cigar-shaped body with a rounded nose. It has rudimentary cycle-type mudguards. The result\n\nCain XVIII () is a 1963 film from the Soviet Union, adapted from Evgeny Shvarts' play, Two friends. The Soviet film industry reported that 21.7 million spectators saw the film. Plot A famous inventor (\"The Professor\") creates an extra-powerful weapon\u2014an explosive mosquito. King Cain XVIII dreams of conquering the world and marrying the princess, but she is also loved by Yan, a vagrant musician. Yan's love leads him to surmount many obstacles and simultaneously thwart the insidious plans of the king. Cast Erast Garin as King Cain XVIII Lidiya Sukharevskaya as Queen Vlasta Mikhail Zharov as Minister of War Yuri Lyubimov as First Minister Alexander Demyanenko as Ian Stanislav Khitrov as Jean Rina Zelyonaya as Foreign Governess Alexandr Beniaminov as Professor Bruno Freindlich as Chief of Secret Police Georgi Vitsin as Freelance Hangman Boris Chirkov as Lavatory Worker Igor Dmitriev as General Glikeriya Bogdanova-Chesnokova as First Dame Marina Polbentseva as\n\nNew Holland is a global full-line agricultural machinery manufacturer. New Holland's products include tractors, combine harvesters, balers, forage harvesters, self-propelled sprayers, haying tools, seeding equipment, hobby tractors, utility vehicles and implements, and grape harvesters. Founded in the United States, New Holland is based in Turin, Italy. The original New Holland Machine Company was founded in 1895 in New Holland, Pennsylvania; it was acquired by Sperry Corporation in 1947, then by Ford Motor Company in 1986, and then by FiatAgri in 1991, becoming a full-line producer. In 1999, New Holland became a brand of CNH Global (NYSE: CNH), which was majority-owned by Fiat Industrial. On 29 September 2013, CNH Global N.V. and Fiat Industrial S.p.A. were merged into CNH Industrial N.V., a company incorporated in the Netherlands. CNH Industrial N.V. was subsequently listed on both the NYSE and the Milan stock exchange (Mercato Telematico Azionario). New Holland equipment is manufactured at\n\nQuestion: Define New Holland Agriculture.", "output": "New Holland is a global full-line agricultural machinery manufacturer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sefronia is the eighth album by singer-songwriter Tim Buckley, released in September 1973. Production The album was produced by Denny Randell. It was recorded at Paramount Recording Studios in Los Angeles, California. Other tracks were recorded at Record Plant, in New York, and at Devonshire Sound Studios in North Hollywood. Critical reception AllMusic wrote that Buckley's \"voice isn't as stunning as usual on his next-to-last album, but the bigger problem is the material, which is usually forced and pedestrian.\" Trouser Press wrote: \"Denny Randell\u2019s anachronistic-on-impact LA white-soul production, which pours syrupy strings over several numbers, is hardest to digest on poorly chosen middle-of-the-road love songs that didn\u2019t suit Buckley at all.\" NME declared that the album is \"widely agreed to be Buckley\u2019s most over-produced and underwhelming effort.\" Track listing Side One \"Dolphins\" (Fred Neil) \u2013 3:10 \"Honey Man\" (Larry Beckett, Tim Buckley) \u2013 4:10 \"Because of You\" (Beckett, Buckley) \u2013\n\nAbner Kirk \"Trey\" Junkin III (born January 23, 1961) is a former American football long snapper in the National Football League (NFL). Junkin played college football at Louisiana Tech University. Although considered one of the forefathers of the modern long snappers, Junkin also played at the tight end and linebacker positions. Early years Junkin attended Northeast High School in North Little Rock, Arkansas, and was a football star. Professional career Junkin played 19 seasons in the NFL for six different teams: Buffalo Bills (1983\u20131984), Washington Redskins (1984), Los Angeles/Oakland Raiders (1985\u20131989, 1996), Seattle Seahawks (1990\u20131995), Arizona Cardinals (1996\u20132001), plus a single game with the New York Giants in 2002. Primarily a long snapper and special teams player throughout his career, Junkin started out as a linebacker and later moved to tight end. It is his one game with the Giants for which Junkin is most remembered. The Giants coaxed the\n\nAn alphabet is a standardized set of basic written graphemes (called letters) representing phonemes, units of sounds that distinguish words, of certain spoken languages. Not all writing systems represent language in this way; in a syllabary, each character represents a syllable, and logographic systems use characters to represent words, morphemes, or other semantic units. The Egyptians have created the first alphabet in a technical sense. The short uniliteral signs are used to write pronunciation guides for logograms, or a character that represents a word, or morpheme, and later on, being used to write foreign words. This was used up to the 5th century AD. The first fully phonemic script, the Proto-Sinaitic script, which developed into the Phoenician alphabet, is considered to be the first alphabet and is the ancestor of most modern alphabets, abjads, and abugidas, including Arabic, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Latin, and possibly Brahmic. It was created by Semitic-speaking\n\nQuestion: What is Sefronia", "output": "Sefronia is the eighth album by singer-songwriter Tim Buckley, released in September 1973."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dudley Sports Football Club is a football club based in Dudley, West Midlands, England. They are currently members of the and play at Hillcrest Avenue in Brierley Hill. History The club was established in 1979 after the Marsh & Baxter company folded and was initially named Dudley Employees Sports & Social Club. They joined the Birmingham & District Work and Combination, where they played until joining Division Two of the Midland Combination in 1985. Despite only finishing ninth in their first season in Division Two, the club were promoted to Division One. They won the league's Presidents Cup in 1989\u201390. The club remained in Division One until 1997, when they were promoted to the Premier Division after a seventh-place finish. Dudley Sports finished bottom of the Midland Combination Premier Division in 1998\u201399 and were relegated back to Division One. They returned to the Premier Division after finishing fourth in Division\n\nJos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn Vicente de Iturrigaray y Ar\u00f3stegui, KOS (27 June 1742, C\u00e1diz, Spain \u2013 22 August 1815, Madrid) was a Spanish military officer and viceroy of New Spain, from 4 January 1803 to 16 September 1808, during Napoleon's invasion of Spain and the establishment of a Bonapartist regime in Spain. His plans to form a provisional autonomous government led to his arrest and deposition. Origins and military career Iturrigaray was born of a family of wealthy Vizca\u00edno (Basque) merchants in C\u00e1diz. His parents were Jos\u00e9 Yturrigaray y Gainza, born in Pamplona, Navarre, and Mar\u00eda Manuela de Ar\u00f3stegui y Larrea, born in Aranaz, Navarre. Under Charles III in 1762 he took part in the Spanish invasion of Portugal and in Gibraltar. In 1793, now under Charles IV, he earned fame for the courage shown in the War of the Pyrenees with Republican France. In 1801 he was commander in chief of\n\nGhada Jamshir () is a Bahraini women's rights activist and an ardent campaigner for the reform of Sharia courts in Bahrain and the Arab States of the Persian Gulf. Jamshir heads the Women's Petition Committee lobbying for a law that would shift jurisdiction over family and women's affairs from Islamic Sharia court to civil courts. Jamshir has called the Al Khalifa government's reforms \"artificial and marginal\". In a statement in December 2006 she said, Jamshir has been outspoken in criticizing the Bahraini government for its role in the Bandargate scandal. In 2007 she alleged that the Interior Ministry was attempting to spy on her. Backlash by the government In 2005, the Bahraini government brought three criminal charges against Jamshir for allegedly publicly defaming the Islamic family court judiciary, and faced a jail sentence of up to 15 years. These charges were eventually dropped on 19 June 2005. Since 2006, Ghada\n\nQuestion: What's Dudley Sports F.C.?", "output": "Dudley Sports Football Club is a football club based in Dudley, West Midlands, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Lake Superior agate is a type of agate stained by iron and found on the shores of Lake Superior. Its wide distribution and iron-rich bands of color reflect the gemstone's geologic history in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas and Michigan. In 1969 the Lake Superior agate was designated by the Minnesota Legislature as the official state gemstone. The Lake Superior agate was selected because the agate reflects many aspects of Minnesota. It was formed during lava eruptions that occurred in Minnesota about a billion years ago. The stone's predominant red color comes from iron, a major Minnesota industrial mineral found extensively throughout the Iron Range region. Finally, the Lake Superior agate can be found in many regions of Minnesota as it was distributed by glacial movement across Minnesota 10,000 to 15,000 years ago. Geologic history More than a billion years ago, the North American continent began to split apart\n\nChinese ( or ) is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in Greater China. Approximately 1.3 billion people, or around 16% of the global population, speak a variety of Chinese as their first language. Chinese languages form the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The spoken varieties of Chinese are usually considered by native speakers to be dialects of a single language. However, their lack of mutual intelligibility means they are sometimes considered to be separate languages in a family. Investigation of the historical relationships among the varieties of Chinese is ongoing. Currently, most classifications posit 7 to 13 main regional groups based on phonetic developments from Middle Chinese, of which the most spoken by far is Mandarin with 66%, or around 800 million speakers, followed by Min (75 million, e.g. Southern Min), Wu (74 million, e.g. Shanghainese),\n\nS\u00e4ben Abbey (; ; ) was a Benedictine nunnery located near Klausen in South Tyrol, northern Italy. It was established in 1687, when it was first settled by the nuns of Nonnberg Abbey in Salzburg. The last nuns left the abbey in 2021. History S\u00e4ben (from ), situated on the \"holy mountain\", was for centuries a centre of pilgrimage and controlled an extensive religious precinct. Situated above the town of Klausen, the hill it is built on was already settled during the New Stone Age. On the site of the present nunnery there was an earlier Roman settlement. Between the 6th century and about 960 there was a bishopric (episcopatus Sabiona) seated here. The church \"im Weinberg\" dates from that time and its remains have been excavated along with a large burial ground in recent times. Bishop Ingenuin is documented as a participant in the Synod of Grado in 579.\n\nQuestion: What is Chinese language", "output": "Chinese is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in Greater China."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jean H\u00e9lion (April 21, 1904October 27, 1987) was a French painter whose abstract work of the 1930s established him as a leading modernist. His midcareer rejection of abstraction was followed by nearly five decades as a figurative painter. He was also the author of several books and an extensive body of critical writing. Early life and training He was born at Couterne, Orne, the son of a taxi driver and a dressmaker. After spending his first eight years with his grandmother, he rejoined his parents in Amiens, where he went to school. Although he experimented with painting pictures on cardboard as a schoolboy, his greater love was poetry. Interested in chemistry as well, H\u00e9lion began working as an assistant to a pharmacist in 1918, and set up a laboratory in his bedroom. He later wrote, \"...I dreamed and was attracted by shapes and colors which proceeded from the reality of\n\nThe River Valley Local School district (abbreviated RVLSD) is a public school district serving students in and around the village of Caledonia in Marion County, Ohio, United States. As of June 2020, the superintendent of the schools is Mr. Adam Wickham. As of October 2017, the school district enrolls 1,934 students. In addition to Caledonia, the school district includes the communities of Claridon, Martel, Waldo, and eastern Marion. The school district gained some controversy in the late 90s and early 2000s when there was a possibility of cancer-causing chemicals contaminating the grounds of the old high school and middle school campuses. Schools Elementary schools Heritage Elementary School (Grades K through 5th) Liberty Elementary School (Grades K through 5th) Middle schools River Valley Middle School (Grades 6th through 8th) High schools River Valley High School (Grades 9th through 12th) History The River Valley Local School District was founded in 1964 when\n\nMichael William Eric Tonge (born 7 April 1983) is an English football coach and former player. A midfielder, he scored 39 goals in 544 league and cup appearances in a 19-year career in the English Football League. A former England under-21 international, he began his career in Manchester United's youth team before joining Sheffield United in 2001. He soon became a vital player for Neil Warnock's \"Blades\", and was named on the First Division's PFA Team of the Year in 2002\u201303, before he helped the Bramall Lane side achieve promotion to the Premier League in 2005\u201306. After making a total of 302 appearances for the club, he was sold to Stoke City in August 2008 for \u00a32 million. He struggled to break into the first team at Stoke, however, and was sent out on loan to Championship teams Preston North End (twice), Derby County, Barnsley and Leeds United. He joined\n\nQuestion: What is Jean H\u00e9lion", "output": "Jean H\u00e9lion was a French painter whose abstract work of the 1930s established him as a leading modernist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Princess telephone was introduced by the Bell System in 1959. It was a compact telephone designed for convenient use in the bedroom, and contained a light-up dial for use as a night-light. It was commonly advertised with the slogan \"It's little...It's lovely...It lights\", which was suggested by Robert Karl Lethin, an AT&T employee. The Princess was initially designed by the famed industrial designer Henry Dreyfuss, having designed previous Western Electric models with the Bell Labs engineers. Later redesigns involved Donald Genaro of the Dreyfuss design firm. Genaro redesigned the case so that it could be more easily picked up. Contemporary advertising demonstrates that this telephone was marketed to women, hence its feminine model name. The model was available in a broad range of colors, including pink, red, yellow, moss green, black, white, beige, ivory, light blue, turquoise, and gray. The telephone was produced at the Western Electric Indianapolis, and\n\nHarold Vincent \"Harry\" Guardino (December 23, 1925 \u2013 July 17, 1995) was an American actor whose career spanned from the early 1950s to the early 1990s. Biography Guardino was born on the Lower East Side of Manhattan and raised in Brooklyn, New York. He joined a Police Athletic League dramatic group while attending high school. After graduation, Guardino joined the Navy, serving in World War II. After the war, he became a merchant seaman. Guardino appeared on stage, in films, and on television. His Broadway theatre credits included A Hatful of Rain, One More River (earning a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actor in a Play for his performance), Anyone Can Whistle, The Rose Tattoo, The Seven Descents of Myrtle, and Woman of the Year. Guardino's other film credits include Houseboat, Pork Chop Hill (about the Korean War), The Five Pennies, Mission Impossible, King of Kings, Madigan, Lovers and\n\nBeeman's algorithm is a method for numerically integrating ordinary differential equations of order 2, more specifically Newton's equations of motion . It was designed to allow high numbers of particles in simulations of molecular dynamics. There is a direct or explicit and an implicit variant of the method. The direct variant was published by Schofield in 1973 as a personal communication from Beeman. This is what is commonly known as Beeman's method. It is a variant of the Verlet integration method. It produces identical positions, but uses a different formula for the velocities. Beeman in 1976 published a class of implicit (predictor\u2013corrector) multi-step methods, where Beeman's method is the direct variant of the third-order method in this class. Equation The formula used to compute the positions at time in the full predictor-corrector scheme is: Predict from data at times . Correct position and velocities at time from data at times\n\nQuestion: What is Beeman's algorithm?", "output": "Beeman's algorithm is a method for numerically integrating ordinary differential equations of order 2, more specifically Newton's equations of motion ."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nieuw Amsterdam ( or ) is the capital of the Commewijne District in Suriname. It is a small coastal town situated at the confluence of the Suriname River and Commewijne River, just across from Paramaribo, the country's capital. Its population at the 2012 census was 5,650, with around 1,200 people living in the main town, most of whom are of Javanese and East Indian origin. It is the location of the historical Fort Nieuw-Amsterdam, today an open-air museum. The town of Mari\u00ebnburg with former sugarcane factory is located 3 km from Nieuw Amsterdam and part of the resort. History In 1734, the Society of Suriname decided to build a fort near the confluence of the Commewijne and Suriname River to defend the Colony of Suriname and the capital Paramaribo. On 8 October 1834, Nieuw-Amsterdam became the capital of the newly formed District of Upper Commewijne. Between 1843 and 1854, Nieuw\n\n, also known as Nextworld, is a Japanese science fiction manga series, written and illustrated by Osamu Tezuka in 1951. Plot Created in a time when the Cold War was becoming hotter, Nextworld is Osamu Tezuka's parody of the tense relationship between the USA (represented as the 'Nation of Stars') and USSR (known in the work as the 'Uran Federation'). The main storyline focuses on atomic tests that create a race of mutant animals known as Fumoon, with psychic powers and intelligence beyond humans, who formulate a plan to evacuate hundreds of animals and a small group of people off the planet Earth. The reason for this is due to a large toxic cloud approaching the Earth, threatening to wipe out all life. Meanwhile, the two warring superpowers draw closer and closer to a confrontation. Legacy Next World is the last of Osamu Tezuka's early epic science fiction trilogy, consisting\n\nA Ghost in Monte Carlo is a 1951 novel by Barbara Cartland. It was the gayest season Monte Carlo had ever known, Mademoiselle Fant\u00f4me was causing a sensation. Who was the exquisite \"ghost\", with her shining golden hair and dreaming dark eyes? Why did her formidable aunt guard her so carefully? Even Mademoiselle herself did not understand the seductive role she was playing. But her troubled young heart knew that evil was drawing close to her, that she was a pawn in a mysterious plot to avenge an old wrong. Too late, she discovered that jealousy and bitterness were threatening to destroy her new-found love. Film The book was adapted for made-for-television film in 1990 starring Lysette Anthony, Marcus Gilbert, Sarah Miles and Oliver Reed. Synopsis Eighteen-year-old Mistral is an innocent abroad in the sophisticated C\u00f4te D'Azur, Monte Carlo, where princes and millionaires mingle in the casinos and sumptuous hotels.\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Nieuw Amsterdam, Suriname is.", "output": "Nieuw Amsterdam is the capital of the Commewijne District in Suriname."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "An axon (from Greek \u1f04\u03be\u03c9\u03bd \u00e1x\u014dn, axis), or nerve fiber (or nerve fibre: see spelling differences), is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, in vertebrates, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials away from the nerve cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles, and glands. In certain sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and warmth, the axons are called afferent nerve fibers and the electrical impulse travels along these from the periphery to the cell body and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch of the same axon. Axon dysfunction can be the cause of many inherited and acquired neurological disorders that affect both the peripheral and central neurons. Nerve fibers are classed into three typesgroup A nerve fibers, group B nerve fibers, and group C nerve fibers. Groups\n\nMatthew Head (born 2 November 1975 in Victoria, Australia) is a former Australian rules football field umpire (Australian rules football) in the Australian Football League (AFL). Head attended Marcellin College, Bulleen, and started umpiring in the VAFA, progressing through the U/18 TAC Cup, VFL and AFL Reserve Grade Competition and was appointed to the 1999 Reserves Grand Final. Head umpired 144 AFL games from 2001 to 2008. He made his debut in Round 5, 2001, when Geelong played Port Adelaide at Kardinia Park, and his final match was in Round 22, 2008, when Essendon played St Kilda at Marvel Stadium. Head wore shirt #16 for his entire career and is heritage number 386. He was known as an excellent bouncer of the football but cited a back injury from bouncing as a reason for his retirement. Head umpired a number of notable games, including a classic Essendon\u2013West Coast game at\n\nis a Japanese video game composer and sound director who is best known for his various compositions in many Nintendo games. He occasionally does voice acting as well, most notably voicing Yoshi from the Mario series. He also directed the development of Wii Music. Works Characters portrayed Totaka has portrayed several characters for Nintendo games. He mostly voices Yoshi (first appearing in Super Mario World), but he also voices, Professor E. Gadd, Captain Olimar, Birdo, and K.K. Slider, as well as portraying Shy Guy from 1997 to 2002. K.K. Slider The character K.K. Slider in Animal Crossing is named Totakeke (\u3068\u305f\u3051\u3051) in the Japanese version. This name could be derived from how Totaka's name is said in Japanese (Totaka K.) as last names usually come before personal names in the language. Totakeke is said to be an animal version caricature of Totaka. At the Mario & Zelda Big Band Live\n\nQuestion: What's Axon?", "output": "An axon, or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, in vertebrates, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials away from the nerve cell body."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In nuclear physics, beta decay (\u03b2-decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits a beta particle (fast energetic electron or positron), transforming into an isobar of that nuclide. For example, beta decay of a neutron transforms it into a proton by the emission of an electron accompanied by an antineutrino; or, conversely a proton is converted into a neutron by the emission of a positron with a neutrino in so-called positron emission. Neither the beta particle nor its associated (anti-)neutrino exist within the nucleus prior to beta decay, but are created in the decay process. By this process, unstable atoms obtain a more stable ratio of protons to neutrons. The probability of a nuclide decaying due to beta and other forms of decay is determined by its nuclear binding energy. The binding energies of all existing nuclides form what is called the nuclear band or\n\nThe Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (, SMHI) is a Swedish government agency and operates under the Ministry of the Environment. SMHI has expertise within the areas of meteorology, hydrology and oceanography, and has extensive service and business operations within these areas. History On 1 January 1873, Statens Meteorologiska Centralanstalt was founded, an autonomous part of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, but the first meteorological observations began on July 1, 1874. It was not until 1880 that the first forecasts were issued. The latter will be broadcast on Stockholm radio from 19 February 1924. In 1908, the Hydrographic Office (Hydrografiska byr\u00e5n, HB) was created. Its task is to scientifically map Sweden's freshwater and collaborate with the weather service in taking certain weather observations such as precipitation and snow cover. In 1919, the two services merged and became the Statens meteorologisk-hydrografiska anstalt (SMHA). In 1945, the service was renamed Sveriges\n\nCheek augmentation is a cosmetic surgical procedure that is intended to emphasize the cheeks on a person's face. To augment the cheeks, a plastic surgeon may place a solid implant over the cheekbone. Injections with the patients' own fat or a soft tissue filler, like Restylane, are also popular. Rarely, various cuts to the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) may be performed. Cheek augmentation is commonly combined with other procedures, such as a face lift or chin augmentation. Implants Materials Cheek implants can be made of a variety of materials. The most common material is solid silicone. In addition, two popular options are high-density porous polyethylene, marketed as Medpor, and ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene), better known as Gore-Tex. Both Medpor and ePTFE are inert substances, providing better integration with the underlying tissue and bone than solid silicone. However, in the case of Medpor, the implants' integration and ingrowth with the underlying tissue causes\n\nQuestion: Define Cheek augmentation.", "output": "Cheek augmentation is a  cosmetic surgical procedure that is intended to emphasize the cheeks on a person's face."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kerala Yukthivadi Sangham (KYS, ) is a rationalist organization based in Kerala, India. The organization says it stands for rationalism and humanism. It is the initiator of the umbrella organization for rationalism and humanism, Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations.The Rationalist Movement in Kerala had started with the Sahodara Sangham (Fraternity Forum), formed by K. Ayyappan on May 29, 1917 at Cherai, in Ernakulam. This fraternity forum propagated 'Mishra Bhojanam' (feasting without caste discrimination), which was unthinkable as well as very revolutionary at the time. These movements paved way for a rationalist organization (Yukthivadi Sangham) which started functioning in 1967. Kerala Yukthivadi Sangham is the continuation of this parent avatar. The organization started functioning in 1967. It has units in all the districts in Kerala and in the Union Territorial district of Mahi. Yukthirekha, a monthly in Malayalam, is the official magazine of Kerala Yukthivadi Sangham, which has been in circulation\n\nDavid William Eiland (born July 5, 1966) is an American former professional baseball player who was a pitcher for ten Major League Baseball seasons. Eiland played college baseball for the University of Florida and the University of South Florida, and thereafter, played professionally for the New York Yankees, San Diego Padres and Tampa Bay Devil Rays. He has also been a pitching coach for the New York Yankees, the New York Mets and the Kansas City Royals. Early years Eiland was born in Dade City, Florida. He graduated from Zephyrhills High School. College career Eiland accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he played for the Florida Gators football team. He later transferred to the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida, and finished his collegiate career playing for the South Florida Bulls baseball team. In 1986, he played collegiate summer baseball with\n\nJudith Kuring (born 23 November 1948) known Jude Kuring is an Australian actress who appeared in theatre, film and television during the late 1970s and early 80s. She remains best known for her stint as the recurring character of petty criminal Noeline Bourke in the soap opera Prisoner in 1979 until 1980. Kuring had small roles in films including The Singer and the Dancer, Journey Among Women, Newsfront, The Journalist, ...Maybe This Time and Prisoner Queen. Television and film Although making her first appearance on the police drama Homicide in 1971, Kuring would not begin television acting for another four years until being cast in a minor role in the 1975 television movie They Don't Clap Losers. During the next few years, she was seen on the television series Alvin Purple as well as playing various characters on comedy shows including Wollongong the Brave. In 1977, Kuring made her film\n\nQuestion: Who is Jude Kuring", "output": "Judith Kuring known Jude Kuring  is an Australian actress who appeared in theatre, film and television during the late 1970s and early 80s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Carlos Trillo (May 1, 1943 \u2013 May 8, 2011) was an Argentine comic book writer, best known for writing the Cybersix comics. Biography Born in Buenos Aires, Trillo began a prolific career as writer at the age of 20, penning his first story for Patoruz\u00fa magazine. Trillo, together with Horacio Altuna, created the strip El Loco Ch\u00e1vez, which appeared every day at the back of the newspaper Clar\u00edn from July 26, 1975 to November 10, 1987. After that, the strip was replaced by El Negro Blanco, which he wrote for the artist Ernesto Garc\u00eda Seijas until September 1993. He participated in the creation of several comics including Cybersix in 1992, with Carlos Meglia, and the erotic Clara de noche and Cicca Dum Dum series with Jordi Bernet. He has also collaborated with Alberto Breccia and Alejandro Dolina. In 1999, his work La grande arnaque (The Big Hoax) won the Prize\n\nThe Connect Charter School, formerly the Calgary Science School, is a Canadian public charter school in Calgary, Alberta; which teaches grades four through nine. History The school was established in 1999 as Calgary Science School and moved to its current location, formerly the Calgary Board of Education's Clem Gardner Elementary School, in 2002. The school originally conducted placement testing to ensure average academic performance in students admitted to the school, but this is no longer the case. Students can enroll and be granted a spot in the school solely after being selected from the top of the wait list and paying annual enrichment fees, regardless of their academic performance or needs. In July 2012, the school was granted a 15-year charter from the Alberta Government. The school was renamed to the Connect Charter School effective January 1, 2014. Today At the time of writing, there are 104 students each in\n\nThe Masada cableway is an aerial tramway at the ancient fortress of Masada, Israel. History The cableway was built in 1971 by the Karl Br\u00e4ndle company of Switzerland to carry people to the ruins at the top of the plateau. It had one aerial tramway support pillar and two cabins with a length of 900 metres and an elevation change of 290 metres. It was replaced in 1998 by an aerial tramway built by Von Roll without any support pillar, thus allowing the cabin's hanger to completely enclose the two track ropes and the haul rope.Its bottom station is 257 m below and its summit station is 33 metres above sea level, thereby making it the lowest aerial tramway in the world. The cars run every fifteen (15) minutes during operating hours. See also Tourism in Israel References External links Report with pictures (French) Aerial tramways in Israel 1998 establishments\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Carlos Trillo is.", "output": "Carlos Trillo was an Argentine comic book writer, best known for writing the Cybersix comics."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , romanized:m\u0101t A\u0161\u0161ur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, then to a territorial state, and eventually an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC. Spanning from the early Bronze Age to the late Iron Age, modern historians typically divide ancient Assyrian history into the Early Assyrian ( 2600\u20132025 BC), Old Assyrian ( 2025\u20131364 BC), Middle Assyrian ( 1363\u2013912 BC), Neo-Assyrian (911\u2013609 BC) and post-imperial (609 BC\u2013 AD 240) periods, based on political events and gradual changes in language. Assur, the first Assyrian capital, was founded 2600 BC but there is no evidence that the city was independent until the collapse of the Third Dynasty of Ur in the 21st century BC, when a line of independent kings beginning with Puzur-Ashur I began ruling the city. Centered in the\n\nNelson Bay is a significant township of the Port Stephens local government area in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. It is located on a bay of the same name on the southern shore of Port Stephens about by road north-east of Newcastle, its nearest rail link. At the 2021 census, Nelson Bay had a population of 6,141. It is a major tourism centre, particularly for dolphin and whale watching, surfing, diving, fishing and other recreational aquatic activities. The eastern boundaries of Nelson Bay lie within the Tomaree National Park while the southeastern section is almost entirely within the park. Nelson Head Light, an unusual lighthouse built in 1875, is positioned on the northeast corner. Early settlers Early settlers included the Dalton family, the patriarch being Captain John Dalton who sailed his ship SS Kingsley to Sydney with fresh marine produce from Port Stephens. He built a house\n\nAlfred Bernhard Nobel ( , ; 21 October 1833 \u2013 10 December 1896) was a Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, businessman, and philanthropist. He is known for creating dynamite as well as having bequeathed his fortune to establish the Nobel Prize. He also made several important contributions to science, holding 355 patents in his lifetime. Nobel's most famous invention was dynamite, an explosive using nitroglycerin; it was patented in 1867. Nobel displayed an early aptitude for science and learning, particularly in chemistry and languages; he became fluent in six languages and filed his first patent at the age of 24. He embarked on many business ventures with his family, most notably owning the company Bofors, which was an iron and steel producer that he had developed into a major manufacturer of cannons and other armaments. Nobel was later inspired to donate his fortune to the Nobel Prize institution, which would annually\n\nQuestion: What is Nelson Bay, New South Wales", "output": "Nelson Bay is a significant township of the Port Stephens local government area in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Thomas William Landrum (born August 17, 1957) is a former right-handed Major League Baseball relief pitcher who played eight seasons with four teams, the Cincinnati Reds, Chicago Cubs, the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Montreal Expos from to . Landrum finished sixth in the National League in saves with 26 in and had a 1.67 earned run average that season and finished seventh in the NL in saves with 17 in with the Pirates. In 361.1 innings pitched over 268 games, Landrum handled 76 total chances (31 putouts, 45 assists) without an error for a perfect 1.000 fielding percentage. His father Joe Landrum pitched for the Brooklyn Dodgers in the 1950s. Bill Landrum has retired and lives in Columbia, South Carolina. See also List of second-generation Major League Baseball players External links Retrosheet The Baseball Gauge Venezuela Winter League 1957 births Living people American expatriate baseball players in Canada Baseball players\n\nThe Iron Cove Bridge is a heritage-listed road bridge that carries Victoria Road (A40) across Iron Cove, between the Sydney suburbs of Drummoyne and Rozelle. Iron Cove is an arm of Sydney Harbour (Port Jackson). First bridge The original Iron Cove Bridge was constructed of nine wrought iron lattice girder spans each 38.5 m long, and opened in 1882 after four years of construction. In conjunction with the opening of the first Gladesville Bridge the previous year, the opening of the bridge provided a ferry-free route for road traffic from Sydney via Drummoyne to the Ryde area and then in 1885, with the opening of the first Fig Tree Bridge across the Lane Cove River, to the North Shore. All that remains at Iron Cove of the original bridge are the sandstone abutments situated on both sides of the cove approximately south of the current bridge. The abutment on the\n\nQuest for Glory V: Dragon Fire is the fifth and final game in the Quest for Glory computer game series by Sierra FX, a former \"sub brand\" of Sierra On-Line. Unlike the first four games, Dragon Fire is primarily an action role-playing game with some elements of graphical adventure. Gameplay Dragon Fire retains its point-and-click graphical interface and introduces a new combat system. Previous entries had moved combat encounters to a separate, isolated combat screen, but Quest for Glory V'''s interface allows for these battles to take place in the same environment as the rest of the gameplay.Quest for Glory V provides more variety in the form of story paths, sidequests, and puzzles than its predecessors. Plot The wizard Erasmus introduces the player character, the Hero, to the Greece-like kingdom of Silmaria, whose king was recently assassinated. Thus, the traditional Rites of Rulership are due to commence, and the victor\n\nQuestion: What's Iron Cove Bridge?", "output": "The Iron Cove Bridge is a heritage-listed road bridge that carries Victoria Road across Iron Cove, between the Sydney suburbs of Drummoyne and Rozelle."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ian Dean (3 July 1970 \u2013 13 August 2018) was an English professional wrestler, best known as Doc Dean. He worked for All Star Wrestling, often teaming with Robbie Brookside as The Liverpool Lads. In 1997, he participated on New Japan Pro-Wrestling's Best of the Super Juniors tournament, defeating Jushin Thunder Liger. He also worked televised matches for World Championship Wrestling in the late 1990s. Professional wrestling career Dean made his debut at the age of 14 in 1984 for All Star Wrestling (ASW). He worked for the promotion throughout the 1980s and 1990s. He teamed with Robbie Brookside to form The Liverpool Lads, a successful tag team in Britain. Together, they held the ASW British Tag Team Championship twice. They team disbanded after Dean turned on partner Brookside, setting up a feud between the two. They were the subject of a BBC2 video diary that captured matches, backstage footage,\n\nAmbur is a town and municipality in newly announced Tirupattur District, Tamil Nadu, India. It is located on the banks of the Palar River between Chennai and Bangalore. Ambur has a sizeable leather industry, and is known for its spicy biryani and for the sweet, makkhenpeda. Ambur was the site of two major military actions in the 18th century. The first was the 1749 Battle of Ambur that opened the Second Carnatic War between the Arcot State and the Mughal Empire. In 1767, the siege of Ambur took place during the First Anglo-Mysore War, with local troops and a British force successfully resisting an attack by the Kingdom of Mysore and by the Hyderabad State. Administration Ambur is a selection grade municipality and headquarters of Ambur taluk which is an administrative division comprising 79 Revenue villages in the district of Tirupattur. The municipal council has 36 elected members. It elects\n\nEdgar John Rubin (September 6, 1886 \u2013 May 3, 1951) was a Danish psychologist/phenomenologist, remembered for his work on figure-ground perception as seen in such optical illusions like the Rubin vase. Born to Jewish parents, Rubin was born and raised in Copenhagen. Enrolling at the University of Copenhagen in 1904, he majored in psychology and finished his magister artium examination in philosophy in 1910. Gestalt psychology Having specialized in figure\u2013ground organization, Rubin spent the following two years as a research associate for Georg Elias M\u00fcller in G\u00f6ttingen, Germany, examining the recognition of visual figures at different angles and sizes. His theories became influential within Gestalt psychology, yet Rubin is typically not included among the early influentials. Nor did he consider himself a Gestalt psychologist, being \"sceptical of their attempts to construct wide-ranging theories\". Nevertheless, his terminology was retained and featured in Kurt Koffka's Principles of Gestalt Psychology. In 1922, Rubin\n\nQuestion: What is Edgar Rubin", "output": "Edgar John Rubin was a Danish psychologist/phenomenologist, remembered for his work on figure-ground perception as seen in such optical illusions like the Rubin vase."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "King's Park (, ) is a district in the city of Glasgow, Scotland. It is situated south of the River Clyde and borders the Glasgow areas of Croftfoot, Cathcart, Simshill, Mount Florida and Toryglen and the neighbourhood of Bankhead in the adjoining town of Rutherglen. History and geography King's Park is a residential area first developed for housing around 1930 a short time after the territory, historically within the civil parish of Cathcart in Renfrewshire, was brought into the city of Glasgow, and retains much of the same appearance in the 21st century. It includes a mixture of semi-detached houses and bungalows, flats (including cottage flats) and luxury detached villas and is considered an affluent suburb of Glasgow, with median house prices and income well above average. In 2014, it was rated one of the most attractive postcode areas to live in Scotland. As of 2005, it had a population\n\nThe Worth Way is a footpath and bridleway linking the West Sussex towns of Crawley and East Grinstead via the village of Crawley Down. Mostly following the trackbed of a disused railway the path is an important wildlife corridor. It is part of the National Cycle Network. History The Worth Way follows for much of its route part of the course of a dismantled railway - the Three Bridges to Tunbridge Wells Central Line - which opened in 1855 and closed in 1967 as a result of the programme of closures put forward by East Grinstead resident and British Transport Commission Chairman, Richard Beeching. By 1977 West Sussex County Council had purchased almost of the line, mostly in the parish of Worth. On 10 July 1979 much of the route was officially reopened as footpath and bridleway. The reopening came, however, too late for two sections of the route which\n\nAdmiral Sir Harold Martin Burrough (4 July 1889 \u2013 22 October 1977) was a senior Royal Navy officer and Assistant Chief of Naval Staff to the Royal Navy during World War II. Early career Born the tenth son of Rev. Charles Burrough and his wife Georgina Long, Burrough began his career as a naval cadet in 1903 after being educated at St Edward's School, Oxford. He first saw action during World War I as a gunnery officer aboard HMS Southampton, later taking part in the Battle of Jutland in 1916. In 1930 he was given command of HMS London. He was made Commander of the 5th Destroyer Flotilla in 1935 and of HMS Excellent in 1937. He was made Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff in 1939. World War II In September 1940 he was appointed Rear-Admiral Commanding 10th Cruiser Squadron. During the Second World War he was awarded the\n\nQuestion: What is Worth Way?", "output": "The Worth Way is a  footpath and bridleway linking the West Sussex towns of Crawley and East Grinstead via the village of Crawley Down."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Deta\u0219amentul Special de Protec\u021bie \u0219i Interven\u021bie (DSPI, The Special Detachment of Protection and Intervention, ex-Deta\u0219amentul de Interven\u021bie Rapid\u0103, DIR) of the Romanian Ministry of Defense is an elite special operations unit of the Romanian military. It should not be confused with the Deta\u0219amentul de Poli\u021bie pentru Interven\u021bie Rapid\u0103 (DPIR/SPIR/DIR, Police Rapid Intervention Detachment) of the Police Force. They are different units, with radically different capabilities and reporting structure. History During the early 1990s, a very small special operations (SOF) detachment was born within the Romanian military. It was incorporated in what was at that time the 30th Guard Brigade, or Brigada 30 Gard\u0103 \"Mihai Viteazul\". Referred to simply as \"the special operations subunit\", this small detachment was relatively unknown, even among armed forces personnel. In a few years, the unit was renamed Deta\u0219amentul pentru Protec\u021bia Demnitarilor Militari (DPDM, \"Detachment for the Protection of Military Dignitaries\"). DPDM continued to be part\n\nSir William Henry Houldsworth, 1st Baronet (20 August 1834 \u2013 18 April 1917) was a British mill-owner in Reddish, Lancashire. He was Conservative MP for Manchester North West from 1883 to 1906, and sometime chairman of the Fine Cotton Spinners' Association. He was made a baronet in 1887. Life William Henry Houldsworth was born on the 20th of August 1834, as the 4th and youngest son of Henry Houldworth (1797-1868) and Helen Hamilton. Houldworth's mother died while he was very young; while her exact date of death is unknown, his father remarried in 1838. Houldsworth bought farmland by the Stockport Branch Canal in Reddish in the 1860s and built Reddish Mill, then the largest cotton-spinning mill in the world (started 1863, completed 1865). Four members of the Houldsworth family were 60% shareholders in the Reddish Spinning Company Limited which built the North Mill (started 1870) and the Middle Mill (started\n\nRolley Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is located on Rolley Lake in the Stave Falls area of Mission, British Columbia. The area was inhabited by the Sto:lo people, homesteaded in 1888 by James and Fanny Rolley, and later used for logging operations. The park now provides campsites, use of the lake, and hiking, with an area of . Rolley Lake has a day-use area, camping site, and two popular hiking trails. Rolley Lake trail circles the lake and is an easy loop. Rolley Falls hike is a out-and-back trail that starts at the campsite and leads to nearby waterfalls. Climate Rolley Lake has an oceanic climate (K\u00f6ppen climate type Cfb). The average annual precipitation is . Extremes vary from , recorded on January 31, 1929, to , recorded on June 25, 1925. References External links Mission, British Columbia Provincial parks of British Columbia\n\nQuestion: Tell me about William Houldsworth.", "output": "Sir William Henry Houldsworth, 1st Baronet was a British mill-owner in Reddish, Lancashire."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Estadio Ricardo Saprissa Aym\u00e1 is a football stadium in San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica, with a seating capacity of 23,112, making it the second-largest stadium in the country. The stadium is the home of Deportivo Saprissa, and was named in honor of the team's founder Ricardo Saprissa. The stadium's nickname \"The Monster's Cave\" (La Cueva del Monstruo) is derived from the team's nickname \"The Purple Monster\". History Saprissa originally played at the Estadio Nacional de Costa Rica (Costa Rica National Stadium), a rented and shared facility. It was Costa Rica's first national stadium. In 1955, Ricardo Saprissa sought out a permanent site which could serve the training ground and competition play location needs of Deportivo Saprissa. He had several qualities he wanted in the site: a location with easy access from the capital city of San Jose and provincial cities such as Alajuela, Cartago, and Heredia. On 3 August 1965, he\n\nThe Jamshed Bhabha Theatre is a 1109-seater theatre inaugurated on 24 November 1999 within The National Centre for the Performing Arts premises in Mumbai, India. It has hosted & staged Indian epics and classical concerts to western operas and ballets. Besides the main auditorium, the theatre has three conference rooms, large foyer spaces and a museum. The acoustics of this theatre were designed to permit appreciation of individual instruments without any additional amplification. The theatre is home to a 100-year-old staircase in its foyer. The staircase was donated to the NCPA by the Petit family. It was originally part of the Petit hall at Malabar Hill, made of Carrara marble shipped from Italy. When the Petit hall was demolished, the staircase was dismantled and stored in a warehouse for forty years until it was re-assembled and added to the theatre's foyer. A new, permanent exhibition located in the foyer of\n\n\"La Vie Boh\u00e8me\" () is a song from the 1996 musical Rent. It is a celebration of bohemianism, especially the type present in 1980s Alphabet City, Manhattan, which begins with a mocking of the character Benny's statement that \"Bohemia is dead\". The song features the characters of Rent listing ideas, people, trends, and other symbols of bohemianism and shouting out what and who inspires them, such as jazz poet Langston Hughes and counterculture-era comedian Lenny Bruce. The song is broken into two parts, labeled \"La Vie Boh\u00e8me A\" and \"La Vie Boh\u00e8me B\"; between the two halves of the song is an interlude (\"I Should Tell You\") featuring a romantic duet between the characters Roger and Mimi, during which they each learn that the other is HIV+ and tentatively decide to begin a relationship together. In the stage musical, the second part of the song opens with a brief dialogue\n\nQuestion: What is Jamshed Bhabha Theatre", "output": "The Jamshed Bhabha Theatre is a 1109-seater theatre inaugurated on 24 November 1999 within The National Centre for the Performing Arts premises in Mumbai, India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Carl Thomas King is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, Emmerdale, played by Tom Lister. The character and casting were announced in January 2004 when it was announced that producers were bringing \"four new single 'hunks'\" into the show, one of them being Carl. Lister made his first appearance on the show on 6 February 2004. Throughout the course of his story arc, Carl establishes a relationship with Chas Dingle (Lucy Pargeter) \u2013 which contributes to his storylines that include the pair having an ill-fated wedding after Chas exposes Carl's affair with her best friend Eve Jenson (Suzanne Shaw). During his time on the show, Carl has accidentally caused the death of local postman Paul Marsden (Matthew Booth); killed his own father Tom (Ken Farrington) in the events surrounding the Who Killed Tom King? storyline, which he ultimately confessed to his brothers Jimmy (Nick Miles) and Matthew\n\nGhost in the Invisible Bikini is a 1966 American fantasy comedy film. It is the seventh and last of American International Pictures' beach party films. The film features the cast cavorting in and around a haunted house and the adjacent swimming pool. Besides the usual bikini-clad cast, random singing, silly plot line, musical guests, and ridiculous chases and fight scenes, the continuity linking this to the other beach films is the Rat Pack motorcycle gang led by Eric Von Zipper (Harvey Lembeck), as well as the appearance of previous beach party alumni Tommy Kirk, Deborah Walley, Bobbi Shaw, Jesse White, Aron Kincaid, Quinn O'Hara and Boris Karloff. Pop singer Nancy Sinatra, who was on the rise at the time just before the film was released, has a supporting role and performs one song written for the film; and The Bobby Fuller Four appear as themselves and sing two songs. Claudia\n\nVesna Ter\u0161eli\u010d (born in 1962) is a peace activist who founded the Anti-War Campaign of Croatia. In 1998, she was joint recipient of the Right Livelihood Award along with Katarina Kruhonja of the Centre for Peace, Non-violence and Human Rights, Osijek. Biography Ter\u0161eli\u010d, an ethnic Slovene born in Ljubljana, lives in Zagreb, where she works as a peace activist. Vesna Ter\u0161eli\u010d, together with other her friends, organized the Croatian Anti-War Campaign in 1991 to prevent war conflicts on the territories of the former Yugoslavia. As Ter\u0161eli\u010d said: \"We initiated the anti-war [campaign] on July 4, 1991, which means that we did it too late, because the whole previous year... passed in hope that surely the politicians were doing something in order to reach an agreement in a diplomatic way, reaching a new form of arrangement between Croats and Serbs in Croatia.\" They also launched the magazine Arkzin in September 1991\n\nQuestion: What is Carl King?", "output": "Carl Thomas King is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, Emmerdale, played by Tom Lister."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": ", also known as The Last Dance and more rarely The Seriously Ill, is a 1993 Japanese film directed by Juzo Itami about the final year of a successful film director suffering from cancer. The film can be seen as a criticism of the traditional attitudes of Japanese doctors to their patients, especially the withholding of information from patients with terminal illnesses, which Itami saw as \"a violation of human rights\". It also touches on other end-of-life issues for the terminally ill, and how Japanese society deals with both life and death. The film's cast includes Rentar\u014d Mikuni (Buhei Mukai, the film director), Masahiko Tsugawa (Doctor Ogata) and Nobuko Miyamoto (Buhei's wife). Mikuni was nominated for Best Actor at the 1994 Japanese Academy Awards for his role in both Daibyonin and Tsuribaka nisshi 6. During a May 1993 showing of the film in Japan, a cinema screen was slashed by\n\nKalecik is a municipality and district of Ankara Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,110 km2, and its population is 12,794 (2022). Its elevation is . Kalecik stands on a plain with the eastern boundary formed by the River K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak while there are mountains to the south and the west. This agricultural district is known for its wine; other major crops include sugar beet and grains. The popular grape variety Kalecik Karas\u0131 grows successfully near the K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak and is used to make some of Turkey's best red wine. History The area has a history going back to the Hittites and even never earlier (4000 BC). In the Ottoman Empire period this was a thriving town recorded by the 17th-century traveler Evliya \u00c7elebi as being a trading city with tanneries, coppersmiths, and weavers. Education The vocational school of higher education in Kalecik (), part of Ankara University, educates in viticulture and winemaking.\n\nFrotho I is one of the legendary Danish kings in Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum, where he has a substantial biography. He succeeds his father Hadingus to the throne and replenishes the war-drained treasury by slaying a dragon and winning its treasure. He uses the money to finance expeditions into the Baltic, where he wins victories with clever strategems (including one where he crossdresses as one of his own shieldmaidens). After some trouble at home he campaigns successfully in Britain and captures London. He finally dies in a war against the king of Sweden. See also Fr\u00f3\u00f0i References Davidson, Hilda Ellis (ed.) and Peter Fisher (tr.) (1999). Saxo Grammaticus : The History of the Danes : Books I-IX. Bury St Edmunds: St Edmundsbury Press. . First published 1979-1980. Elton, Oliver (tr.) (1905). The Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus. New York: Norroena Society. Available online Olrik, J. and\n\nQuestion: Define Kalecik, Ankara.", "output": "Kalecik is a municipality and district of Ankara Province, Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The codex (: codices ) was the historical ancestor of the modern book. Instead of being composed of sheets of paper, it used sheets of vellum, papyrus, or other materials. The term codex is often used for ancient manuscript books, with handwritten contents. A codex, much like the modern book, is bound by stacking the pages and securing one set of edges by a variety of methods over the centuries, yet in a form analogous to modern bookbinding. Modern books are divided into paperback (or softback) and those bound with stiff boards, called hardbacks. Elaborate historical bindings are called treasure bindings. At least in the Western world, the main alternative to the paged codex format for a long document was the continuous scroll, which was the dominant form of document in the ancient world. Some codices are continuously folded like a concertina, in particular the Maya codices and Aztec codices,\n\nThe Chittagong Port () is the main seaport of Bangladesh. Located in Bangladesh's port city of Chittagong and on the banks of the Karnaphuli River, the port handles over 90 percent of Bangladesh's export-import trade, and has been used by India, Nepal and Bhutan for transshipment. According to Lloyd's, it ranked as the 58th busiest container port in the world in 2019. The port has a recorded history dating back to ancient Roman accounts. It is the busiest container port on the Bay of Bengal. Congestion is a major challenge in Chittagong port. The port had a congestion rate of 84.3 hours between January and July in 2017. History In the 2nd century, Chittagong harbor appeared on Ptolemy's map, drawn by the Greco-Roman cartographer Claudius Ptolemy. The map mentions the harbor as one of the finest in the Eastern world. Arab traders frequented Chittagong since the 9th century. In 1154,\n\nLochailort railway station is a railway station serving the village of Lochailort in the Highland Council area in Scotland. This station is on the West Highland Line, between Glenfinnan and Beasdale, from the former Banavie Junction. ScotRail manage the station and operate all services. History Lochailort station was opened on 1 April 1901 when the Mallaig Extension Railway opened. The station was constructed with two platforms and was an electric token block post, working to Glenfinnan on one side and Arisaig on the other, until the Up loop was lifted in 1966. The loops were lengthened during the Second World War and a new brick signal box erected, the foundations of which now can still be seen at the Arisaig end of the single platform now in use. The second platform fell into disuse in the 1970s. A camping coach was positioned here by the Scottish Region from 1960 to\n\nQuestion: Define Lochailort railway station.", "output": "Lochailort railway station is a railway station serving the village of Lochailort in the Highland Council area in Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Air sacs are spaces within an organism where there is the constant presence of air. Among modern animals, birds possess the most air sacs (9\u201311), with their extinct dinosaurian relatives showing a great increase in the pneumatization (presence of air) in their bones. Birds use air sacs for respiration as well as a number of other things. Theropods, like Aerosteon, have many air sacs in the body that are not just in bones, and they can be identified as the more primitive form of modern bird airways. Sauropods are well known for the large number of air pockets in their bones (especially vertebra), although one theropod, Deinocheirus, shows a rivalling number of air pockets. Air sacs in birds Air sacs in respiration Birds have a system of air sacs in their ventilation system. The air sacs work to produce a unidirectional flow where air enters and exits the lung at\n\nMarshall Chapman (born January 7, 1949) is an American singer-songwriter and author. Biography Early life Marshall Chapman was born in Spartanburg, South Carolina, United States. She was the daughter of a cotton mill owner. After she attended a concert by Elvis Presley in 1956, she became interested in rock and roll. She was educated at Salem Academy in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. She then graduated from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee in 1971. Career She embarked upon a music career in the 1970s. Her songs have been recorded by such diverse artists as Conway Twitty, Joe Cocker, Jimmy Buffett, Emmylou Harris, Wynonna, Jessi Colter, John Hiatt, Dion, Olivia Newton-John, Irma Thomas, and Ronnie Milsap. Her song \"Betty\u2019s Bein\u2019 Bad\" was a hit for Sawyer Brown. Her 1978 album, Jaded Virgin (Epic), was voted Record of the Year by Stereo Review. In 1998, Marshall and Matraca Berg contributed 14 songs to Good\n\nThe Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts is a theatre, dance and world music venue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It helped to popularize the works of composers like Steve Reich and Philip Glass; the Center has also hosted shows by performers ranging from the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra to Ladysmith Black Mambazo. The Annenberg facility was designed by Vincent G. Kling who also designed the Philadelphia Mint. History The Annenberg Center, founded in 1971, is a major cultural destination and crossroads in the performing arts, connecting Philadelphia regional audiences and the University of Pennsylvania through exposure to innovative human expression in theatre, music, and dance. The Annenberg Center highlights the value of the performing arts by presenting world-renowned and emerging artists and companies who express adventuresome perspectives on contemporary issues, timeless ideas, and diverse cultures. By offering contextualization programs, featuring Penn faculty as well as experts from the artistic and business communities,\n\nQuestion: What is Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts?", "output": "The Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts is a theatre, dance and world music venue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "William Wallace Gilchrist (January 8, 1846 \u2013 December 20, 1916) was an American composer and a major figure in nineteenth century music of Philadelphia. He founded the Mendelssohn Club of Philadelphia in 1874. Early life Gilchrist was born in Jersey City, New Jersey to William Wallace Gilchrist and Redelia Ann (Cox) Gilchrist. At the age of eleven months he moved with his family to Philadelphia. His father's business suffered during the Civil War, so young Gilchrist turned to the law and to business for his own living, but eventually decided to take up music as a career. Career From 1865 to 1868 Gilchrist studied privately with Hugh Archibald Clarke, later a Professor of Music at the University of Pennsylvania. With the exception of a short period in Cincinnati, Ohio (1871\u20131872), he lived in Philadelphia, where he was active as church organist, teacher, and leader of musical clubs. During this time\n\nMorgentaler v R (also known as Morgentaler v The Queen) is a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada where physician Henry Morgentaler unsuccessfully challenged the prohibition of abortion in Canada under the Criminal Code. The Court found the abortion law was appropriately passed by Parliament under the laws of federalism. This was the first of three Supreme Court decisions on abortion that were brought by Morgentaler. Background Morgentaler was prosecuted, for openly providing abortions, by the provincial government of Quebec three times, but they failed to secure a conviction at a jury trial: The first Quebec case was in 1973. Morgentaler used the defence of necessity, that abortions were necessary for his patients' life or health. The jury acquitted him. However, Quebec's provincial appeal court reversed the acquittal and replaced it with a conviction and a prison term. In 1975, a jury in Quebec again found Morgentaler not guilty.\n\nUSS Monarch was a United States Army sidewheel ram that saw service in the American Civil War as part of the United States Ram Fleet and the Mississippi Marine Brigade. She operated on the Mississippi River and Yazoo River during 1862 and 1863. Construction and acquisition Monarch was built as a sidewheel towboat at Fulton, Ohio, in 1853. She sank in the Ohio River at Louisville, Kentucky, on 5 March 1861, but was refloated and repaired. The United States Army purchased her at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in April 1862 for service in support of Union Army operations and converted her into a ram in 1862 for service in conjunction with the Western Flotilla on the Mississippi River as part of the Army\u2032s United States Ram Fleet under Lieutenant Colonel Charles Ellet, Jr. She was commissioned at Pittsburgh with Captain R. W. Sanford in command. Service history Battle of Memphis After fitting\n\nQuestion: What's Morgentaler v R?", "output": "Morgentaler v R is a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada where physician Henry Morgentaler unsuccessfully challenged the prohibition of abortion in Canada under the Criminal Code."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Midwestern Baptist College, is an independent Baptist college in Orion, Michigan. History In 1953, the school was founded in Pontiac, Michigan by Tom Malone Sr. as a liberal arts college, which included a Baptist seminary on more than . It specializes in Christian theological doctrine. Malone wanted to offer a faith-based education including both academics and morals. The college also stressed being a moral compass, to \"abstain from all appearances of evil\", and fulfilling the Great Commission. For the fall semester of 2010, Midwestern planned to move from Pontiac, Michigan to the property of Shalom Baptist Church in Orion Township, Michigan. Education Midwestern Baptist College is not accredited by any accreditation body recognized by its country. According to the US Department of Education, unaccredited degrees and credits might not be acceptable to employers or other institutions, and use of degree titles may be restricted or illegal in some jurisdictions. Some\n\nPerizoma flavofasciata, the sandy carpet or sandy rivulet, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Carl Peter Thunberg in 1792. It is found in most of Europe and northern Africa and east across the Palearctic to the Urals and the Altai Mountains. The species prefers meadow valleys, floodplains, waterside areas, bushy meadows and gardens. In the Alps it rises to 1500 metres. Description Its wingspan is 26\u201332 mm. The forewing is brownish-yellow or sandy with three toothed white transverse bands. The innermost is close to the base and rather narrow, the two outermost are wider and double (with a yellow-brown stripe in the middle). the outer white band is interrupted in the middle. Otherwise, the wings have several thin white transverse stripes, more or less complete, but the brownish-yellow ground colour predominates. The hind wing is white. The larva is pale pink with dark\n\nLa Loma Park is a neighborhood and tract of land located in the Berkeley Hills section of the city of Berkeley, California in the San Francisco Bay Area. The land had been the property of Captain Richard Parks Thomas, a veteran of the American Civil War and Berkeley businessman. Today, it is entirely a residential area The Spanish word loma means \"rise/low hill\". Although hilly throughout, its average elevation is about . The La Loma Park Historic District is designated by the city as a Berkeley Landmark since May 6, 2002. The area contains the La Loma Steps, another Berkeley Landmark that also has a historical plaque. History Captain Richard Park Thomas' home was located on the site of what is today Greenwood Terrace. Some of the large trees here were originally planted by Captain Thomas and managed to survive the devastating fire of 1923 which swept through this part\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Sandy carpet is.", "output": "Perizoma flavofasciata, the sandy carpet or sandy rivulet, is a moth of the family Geometridae."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In music, an electronic tuner is a device that detects and displays the pitch of musical notes played on a musical instrument. \"Pitch\" is the perceived fundamental frequency of a musical note, which is typically measured in Hertz. Simple tuners indicate\u2014typically with an analog needle or dial, LEDs, or an LCD screen\u2014whether a pitch is lower, higher, or equal to the desired pitch. Since the early 2010s, software applications can turn a smartphone, tablet, or personal computer into a tuner. More complex and expensive tuners indicate pitch more precisely. Tuners vary in size from units that fit in a pocket to 19\" rack-mount units. Instrument technicians and piano tuners typically use more expensive, accurate tuners. The simplest tuners detect and display tuning only for a single pitch\u2014often \"A\" or \"E\"\u2014or for a small number of pitches, such as the six used in the standard tuning of a guitar (E,A,D,G,B,E). More\n\nPatience Mather Cleveland (May 23, 1931 \u2013 May 27, 2004) was an American film and television actress. Biography Cleveland was born in New York City, the youngest of six siblings, to an old established New Hampshire family, where she was raised. Her older brother was James Colgate Cleveland. Her parents were Dr. Mather Cleveland, M.D., and his wife, Susan Colgate Cleveland. Her father authored New Hampshire and the Civil War and The Orthopedic Service at St. Luke's Hospital, New York City, 1859\u20131968. Her family has longstanding ties to Colby-Sawyer College, where the family papers, including her own, are archived. A children's book that she wrote, The Lion Is Busy, was published in 1963. She made appearances in many television shows, including Seinfeld, Everybody Loves Raymond, That's Life, The Drew Carey Show, Angel, ER, along with voice acting in other shows such as Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law, as well as\n\nThe term transheterozygote is used in modern genetics periodicals in two different ways. In the first, the transheterozygote has one mutant (-) and one wildtype allele (+) at each of two different genes (A-/A+ and B-/B+ where A and B are different genes). In the second, the transheterozygote carries two different mutated alleles of the same gene (A*/A', see example below). This second definition also applies to the term \"heteroallelic combination\". Organisms with one mutant and one wildtype allele at one locus are called simply heterozygous, not transheterozygous. Transheterozygotes are useful in the study of genetic interactions and complementation testing. Transheterozygous at two loci A transheterozygote is a diploid organism that is heterozygous at two different loci (genes). Each of the two loci has one natural (or wild type) allele and one allele that differs from the natural allele because of a mutation. Such an organism can be created by\n\nQuestion: Define Patience Cleveland.", "output": "Patience Mather Cleveland was an American film and television actress."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Eco-Power Stadium (formerly known as Keepmoat Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium in Doncaster, England, with a capacity of 15,231. It cost approximately \u00a320 million to construct, as part of the wider Lakeside Sports Complex that it resides within which in total cost approximately \u00a332 million, and is used by Doncaster Rovers, Doncaster Rugby League Club and Doncaster Rovers Belles Ladies Football Club. Facilities Stands East Stand The East Stand is sponsored by Donasonic. The area of the East Stand towards the South East corner is the Families area sponsored by First Bus Ltd. and is known as the \"First\" Families Stand. West Stand This is the main match-day reception area with the stand sponsored by Red Viking Rail, and is known as the \"James Coppinger West Stand\", after former Doncaster Rovers player James Coppinger. South Stand The South Stand, popularly known as the Black Bank, is sponsored by Polypipe.\n\nRobert Gregory Evers (June 16, 1955 \u2013 August 21, 2017) was a Republican politician who served as a member of the Florida Senate from 2010 to 2016, representing parts of Northwest Florida. Prior to his election to the Senate, he served as a member of the Florida House of Representatives, representing the 1st District from 2001 to 2010. Background Evers was born in Milton, Florida, and grew up on his family's farm, later attending Pensacola Junior College, and then eventually joining his family's fertilizer business. When he became the owner of the business, he moved it to Baker, where he started growing cotton, soybeans, peanuts, wheat, and corn. Florida House of Representatives In 2001, when United States Congressman Joe Scarborough, who represented Florida's 1st congressional district, resigned, State Representative Jeff Miller ran in the special election to succeed him, and resigned from his seat in the legislature. A special election\n\nCox Field is an airport seven miles east of Paris, in Lamar County, Texas. It is owned by the city of Paris but is operated and maintained by J.R. Aviation, the airport's fixed-base operator (FBO). History The airport opened in August 1943 as Cox Army Airfield and was used by Second Air Force, United States Army Air Forces, primarily for liaison pilot training. The 157th Liaison Squadron was based here from March to May 1944. From 15 May to 8 October 1944 advanced liaison pilot training was conducted by the 163d liaison squadron, who prepared pilots as combat replacements for AAF liaison squadrons operating overseas. From October 1944 onward, the airfield was used by the Air Technical Service Command as an aircraft maintenance and supply depot. At the end of the war the airfield was not needed by the military and was turned over to the local government for civil\n\nQuestion: Define Eco-Power Stadium.", "output": "The Eco-Power Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Doncaster, England, with a capacity of 15,231."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\u015eirvan (, , , ) is a municipality in the \u015eirvan District of Siirt Province in southeastern Turkey. It is populated by Kurds of the Silokan and Sturkiyan tribes and had a population of 3,958 in 2021. Neighborhoods The municipality is divided into the neighborhoods of Ba\u011fc\u0131lar, Fatih, K\u0131rtepe, K\u00fcfre and Sit. History \u015eirvan is attested in the 13th century by Yaqut al-Hamawi in Mu'jam al-Buldan. Under the Ottoman Empire, \u015eirvan was a kaza (district) of the sanjak of Siirt in the Bitlis Vilayet, and the village of K\u00fcfre (\u072b\u072a\u0718\u0710\u0722, \"village\" in Syriac, today called \u015eirvan) served as its administrative centre. In late 19th century, the district of \u015eirvan was largely inhabited by Muslim Kurds but was also home to a number of Christian Assyrians and Armenians, who constituted roughly 20% of the total population of the district. Of the total 200-odd settlements in the district, 28 were Christian, most\n\nFrench Soul is a 2004 \"best of\" album by Belgian pop singer Axelle Red. Track listing CD 1 \"Sensualit\u00e9\" \u2014 3:53 \"Elle danse seule\" \u2014 4:04 \"Je t'attends\" \u2014 3:33 \"Le Monde tourne mal\" \u2014 3:49 \"\u00c0 T\u00e2tons\" \u2014 3:30 \"Rien que d'y penser\" \u2014 3:08 \"Ma Pri\u00e8re\" \u2014 4:26 \"\u00c0 quoi \u00e7a sert\" \u2014 3:37 \"Rester femme\" \u2014 3:51 \"Ce Matin\" \u2014 2:33 \"Parce que c'est toi\" \u2014 4:08 \"Faire des mamours\" \u2014 4:10 \"Bimbo \u00e0 moi\" \u2014 3:21 \"J'ai jamais dit (Je serais ton amie)\" \u2014 3:54 \"Je me f\u00e2che\" \u2014 3:50 \"Pas maintenant\" \u2014 3:24 \"Toujours\" \u2014 3:30 \"Manhattan-Kaboul\" Renaud and Axelle Red \u2014 3:56 CD 2 \"J'ai fait un r\u00eave\" (soul version) \u2014 7:18 \"Je pense \u00e0 toi\" (soul version) \u2014 4:01 \"Vole\" (soul version) \u2014 5:30 \"Blanche Neige\" (soul version) \u2014 5:47 \"Ma Pri\u00e8re\" (soul version) \u2014 4:04 \"Elle danse seule\" (soul version) \u2014 4:06\n\nJames Griffith Edwards CBE (3 October 1928 \u2013 13 September 2012) was a British psychiatrist. Edwards was born on 3 October 1928 in India and received his M.D. from Balliol College, Oxford. His research focused on the study and treatment of alcohol and other drug dependence and related aspects of addictions. He was director of the Medical Research Council-funded Addiction Research Unit from 1968 until his retirement from King's College London. He also established the UK National Addiction Centre in London and was its first Chair and Director. He was Editor-in-Chief of the journal Addiction for twenty-five years. In 1971 he delivered the Edwin Stevens Lecture. Awards he received include the E.M. Jellinek Memorial Award in 1979 for his research on alcohol use disorders, and being made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1987 for his services to social science and medicine, among others. Edwards\n\nQuestion: What is French Soul", "output": "French Soul is a 2004 \"best of\" album by Belgian pop singer Axelle Red."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In mathematics, the infinite dihedral group Dih\u221e is an infinite group with properties analogous to those of the finite dihedral groups. In two-dimensional geometry, the infinite dihedral group represents the frieze group symmetry, p1m1, seen as an infinite set of parallel reflections along an axis. Definition Every dihedral group is generated by a rotation r and a reflection; if the rotation is a rational multiple of a full rotation, then there is some integer n such that rn is the identity, and we have a finite dihedral group of order 2n. If the rotation is not a rational multiple of a full rotation, then there is no such n and the resulting group has infinitely many elements and is called Dih\u221e. It has presentations and is isomorphic to a semidirect product of Z and Z/2, and to the free product Z/2 * Z/2. It is the automorphism group of the\n\nDouglas James Davies, (born 11 February 1947) is a Welsh Anglican theologian, anthropologist, and academic, specialising in the history, theology, and sociology of death. He is Professor in the Study of Religion at the University of Durham. His fields of expertise also include anthropology, the study of religion, the rituals and beliefs surrounding funerary rites and cremation around the globe, Mormonism and Mormon studies. His research interests cover identity and belief, and Anglican leadership. Early life and education Davies was born on 11 February 1947 in Llwynypia, the Rhondda Valley, but was brought up in Bedlinog, Wales. He was educated at Lewis School, Pengam, an old Grammar school in South Wales. He studied anthropology at St John's College, Durham, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1969. He studied for a Master of Letters (MLitt) research degree in Mormonism at St Peter's College, Oxford and the Oxford Institute\n\nAbsurd Minds (sometimes styled (ABSU\u042fD) minds) is an electronic music group from Germany. It was created by Stefan Gro\u00dfmann and Tilo Ladwig in 1995. History The formation of Absurd Minds began in 1995 with Stefan Gro\u00dfmann (voice, composing) and Tilo Ladwig (composing, programming, sampling). Musically they were inspired by the EBM of the early 1990s. The lyrics are inspired by religion and urge the listener to think for themselves, about themselves, about dreams, deceptions by the media and the forces of nature. In the years 1995-1999, Absurd Minds released 3 CD-R's in limited quantities, laying the foundation for further developments by the band. After a long creative phase their first concert took place at the Dresden club, Bunker. As a result of this, the band came into contact with Music Cooperation who undertook the job as management. A recording contract with the label, Scanner, followed in December, 1999. In the\n\nQuestion: What is Infinite dihedral group", "output": "In mathematics, the infinite dihedral group Dih\u221e is an infinite group with properties analogous to those of the finite dihedral groups."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Hageman Farm is a historic house located at 209 South Middlebush Road in Somerset, New Jersey. It is a registered historic place of New Jersey. Hageman family The progenitors of the Hageman family were Catherine and Adrian Hegeman, who emigrated from the Netherlands around 1650 or 1651. They first settled in Flatbush, New York, then in 1702, four grandsons of Adrian and Catherine moved to Six Mile Run, New Jersey. Benjamin B. Hageman Adrian's great-grandson was Benjamin B. Hageman (1812\u20131890). In 1845, Benjamin married Jane Van Wickle (1823\u20131901), and they moved to Somerville, New Jersey and farmed there for the next sixteen years. Jane Van Wickle was a descendant of Symen Van Wickle. In 1861, Benjamin moved to the Garretson-Hageman farm, and in 1868, he renovated and expanded the existing house. Benjamin had two sons: Samuel Hageman (c1845-1876); and Garretson Hageman (1846\u20131915). Garretson Hageman Garretson Hageman was the next\n\nGURPS In Nomine is the GURPS (third edition) adaptation of the In Nomine role-playing game. Contents GURPS In Nomine involves powerful angels and demons as player characters. It contains conversion material for the core rules as well as selected supplemental rules, and is actually longer than the original book by sixteen pages, or one signature. It also includes information about the Grigori and their resonance, as well as the Fallen Grigori (also known as Skulkers), which has not yet appeared in the original line. The conversion guidelines in the back can convert both to and from GURPS and the original system. The character point values for Celestial characters in GURPS In Nomine are very high in relation to most other GURPS settings. Starting characters can easily exceed 800 points, and more experienced characters are likely to exceed 1500 points. Publication history The book was written by Elizabeth McCoy and Walter\n\nSanary-sur-Mer (, literally Sanary on Sea; ), popularly known as Sanary, is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur region, Southeastern France. In 2018, it had a population of 16,696. Sanary-sur-Mer is located in coastal Provence on the Mediterranean Sea, west of Toulon and southeast of Marseille. It can be reached from Paris by TGV in less than four hours. In high season there are direct flights to nearby Toulon\u2013Hy\u00e8res Airport from London, Oslo, Brussels and Rotterdam. History The seafront location was part of the commune of Ollioules. In the 16th century the seigneur established a fishing village here, clustered around the medieval watchtower, under the protection of \"Sanct Nazari\" of L\u00e9rins Abbey. The port was constructed and the harbour deepened in the mid-16th century. The little fishing port known in the Proven\u00e7al dialect of Occitan (or in Proven\u00e7al if considered as a distinct language) as Sant\n\nQuestion: What is GURPS In Nomine?", "output": "GURPS In Nomine is the GURPS adaptation of the In Nomine role-playing game."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Cosmogenic nuclides (or cosmogenic isotopes) are rare nuclides (isotopes) created when a high-energy cosmic ray interacts with the nucleus of an in situ Solar System atom, causing nucleons (protons and neutrons) to be expelled from the atom (see cosmic ray spallation). These nuclides are produced within Earth materials such as rocks or soil, in Earth's atmosphere, and in extraterrestrial items such as meteoroids. By measuring cosmogenic nuclides, scientists are able to gain insight into a range of geological and astronomical processes. There are both radioactive and stable cosmogenic nuclides. Some of these radionuclides are tritium, carbon-14 and phosphorus-32. Certain light (low atomic number) primordial nuclides (isotopes of lithium, beryllium and boron) are thought to have been created not only during the Big Bang, but also (and perhaps primarily) to have been made after the Big Bang, but before the condensation of the Solar System, by the process of cosmic ray\n\nLisbon Region (, ) is one of the seven NUTS II designated regions of Portugal, which coincides with the NUTS III subregion Lisbon Metropolitan Area. The region covers an area of 3001.95 km2 (the smallest region on mainland Portugal) and includes a population of 2,815,851 inhabitants according to the 2011 census (the second most populated region in Portugal after the Norte region), a density of 1039 inhabitants/km2. Considered as representing the Lisbon Metropolitan Region. It is a region of significant importance in industry (light and heavy), services, and it is highly urbanized. The gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 73.3 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 36% of Portugal's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 30,200 euros or 100% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 92% of the EU average. History Prior to 2002, the area was\n\nDavid McGregor Rogers (November 23, 1772 \u2013 July 18, 1824) was a farmer and Member of the 2nd Parliament of Upper Canada. He was born in Londonderry, Vermont, in 1772. the third son and second David born to Capt. James Rogers and Margaret McGregor, the first David having died at the age of four in 1766. He was named after his great-grandfather Rev. David McGregor of Londonderry, New Hampshire. He settled with his family in Fredericksburg Township in Lennox County after the American Revolution. His uncle, Major Robert Rogers, led a group known as Rogers' Rangers during the Seven Years' War. In 1789, Rogers settled on his own farm in Prince Edward County. In 1796, he was elected to the 2nd Parliament of Upper Canada representing Prince Edward County. In 1800, he was elected to represent Hastings and Northumberland; he served in the assembly until 1816 and then from 1820\n\nQuestion: What is Cosmogenic nuclide?", "output": "Cosmogenic nuclides are rare nuclides created when a high-energy cosmic ray interacts with the nucleus of an in situ Solar System atom, causing nucleons to be expelled from the atom."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nathan Deakes (born 17 August 1977 in Geelong) is an Australian former race walker. Deakes trained with the Australian Institute of Sport. By performances, Deakes is Australia's best and most successful ever race walker, winning several international medals and holding many Australian and World Records. He was the 2006 Australian Male Athlete of the year, Australia's most prestigious sporting award across all sports. He won a bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, and is a four-time Commonwealth Games gold medallist. He won gold in the 20 km walk and 50 km walk events at both the 2002 Manchester Games and the 2006 Melbourne Games, becoming the first man to win both the 20 km and 50 km walks at two consecutive Commonwealth Games. He also won bronze medals at the 1998 Kuala Lumpur Games and the 1996 World Junior Championships. He was also among the leading duo\n\nArthur Michaluk (May 4, 1923 \u2013 March 14, 2006) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played 5 games in the National Hockey League with the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1947\u201348 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1945 to 1948, was spent in the minor leagues. Michaluk was born in Canmore, Alberta. Prior to his hockey career he served with the Royal Canadian Air Force during the Second World War later worked for the Calgary Police Service for 23 years. He died of cancer on March 14, 2006. Art was the brother of NHL hockey player John Michaluk. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs External links 1923 births 2006 deaths Canadian ice hockey defencemen Canadian military personnel of World War II Canadian expatriates in the United States Canadian police officers Deaths from cancer in Alberta Chicago Blackhawks players Ice hockey people from Alberta People from\n\nWolfstein () is a town in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Before 1 July 2014 it was the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, since then it is part of the Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein. Wolfstein is known for its two castle ruins, Neu-Wolfstein standing over the heart of the town, and Alt-Wolfstein standing at the narrowest spot in the Lauter valley at the town's northern entrance. Wolfstein is a state-recognized recreational resort (Erholungsort). Geography Location The town lies in the North Palatine Uplands, in the so-called K\u00f6nigsland (\u201cKingsland\u201d), between Idar-Oberstein and Kaiserslautern. The municipal area measures 1 377 ha, of which 644 ha is wooded. Also, 154 ha is given over to residential properties and transport facilities, 574 ha to agriculture and 5 ha is taken up by other uses and open water. Geographically, the municipal area belongs to the Glan-Alsenz mountain and hill country, which meets the Kaiserslauterer Senke (a\n\nQuestion: Define Wolfstein, Rhineland-Palatinate.", "output": "Wolfstein is a town in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Crokinole ( ) is a disk-flicking dexterity board game, possibly of Canadian origin, similar to the games of pitchnut, carrom, and pichenotte, with elements of shuffleboard and curling reduced to table-top size. Players take turns shooting discs across the circular playing surface, trying to land their discs in the higher-scoring regions of the board, particularly the recessed center hole of 20 points, while also attempting to knock opposing discs off the board, and into the 'ditch'. In crokinole, the shooting is generally towards the center of the board, unlike carroms and pitchnut, where the shooting is towards the four outer corner pockets, as in pool. Crokinole is also played using cue sticks, and there is a special category for cue stick participants at the World Crokinole Championships in Tavistock, Ontario, Canada. Equipment Board dimensions vary with a playing surface typically of polished wood or laminate approximately in diameter. The arrangement\n\nGossamer Wump is a children's record, published in 1949 by Capitol Records, about a boy who learns to play the triangle. The story is narrated by Frank Morgan, a Hollywood actor best known for his role as the Wizard in the classic film The Wizard of Oz, with music by Billy May, and written by Hollywood screenwriters Roger Price and Helen Mack. The character of Gossamer Wump is voiced by June Foray, the prolific voice artist who is perhaps best known as the voice of \"Rocket J. Squirrel\" in The Rocky & Bullwinkle Show. The story is of a little boy named Gossamer Wump (a boy \"with red hair, one blue eye, one green eye, and freckles all over - even his face\") who learns to play the triangle to start a musical career. He makes unsuccessful musical attempts at Gaylord Gout's dance club, and then again with Stanislav Hudnut's\n\nKing Priam is an opera by Michael Tippett, to his own libretto. The story is based on Homer's Iliad, except the birth and childhood of Paris, which are taken from the Fabulae of Hyginus. The premiere was on 29 May 1962, at Coventry. The opera was composed for an arts festival held in conjunction with the reconsecration of the rebuilt Coventry Cathedral, for which Benjamin Britten also wrote his War Requiem, which was first performed in the Cathedral the day after the premiere of King Priam. The first Covent Garden performance was on 5 June, conducted by John Pritchard. It was premiered in Germany at the Badisches Staatstheater in 1963 (in a translation by Walter Bergmann), in Greece at the 1985 Athens Festival, in France at the Op\u00e9ra de Nancy et de Lorraine in 1988, in Italy at Batignano in 1990, and in the United States San Francisco Opera Center\n\nQuestion: Tell me what King Priam is.", "output": "King Priam is an opera by Michael Tippett, to his own libretto."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Sporting Club (often abbreviated as HAL, or HASC) is an Indian institutional multi-sports club based in Bangalore, known for its association football team. It was named after the company Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). The club competed in the top tier of Karnataka football \u2014 the Bangalore A Division and from 2001, the Bangalore Super Division. As one of the top clubs from Karnataka, they have also competed in the National Football League till 2007, and subsequently the I-League, then top tier of Indian football league system. The club was originally founded in 1950s, with having hockey, football and other sections. They were revived in 2006. Nicknamed \"the pilots\", HAL used Bangalore Football Stadium as their home ground. In 2014, following poor performance in 2013\u201314 season, the club announced of \"temporary shutting down... activities\". History Formation and journey Originally founded in the 1950s, the club later became affiliated\n\nMillicent is a town in the Australian state of South Australia located about south-east of the state capital of Adelaide and about north of the regional centre of Mount Gambier. In the , the population was 5,024. The town is home to the Millicent National Trust Museum, Millicent Library & Gallery, Millicent Civic & Arts Centre, the South East Family History Group, and more attractions where locals commonly go to. Millicent is also nearby to the Tantanoola Caves Conservation Park and the Canunda National Park. Close by is Lake Bonney SE which is home to South Australia's largest wind turbine farm. Millicent is also home to a constructed lake, Lake McIntyre, home to many bird and wildlife species. Lake McIntyre takes approximately 20 minutes to walk around, and the lake also hosts over 50 species of water birds and waders. History Millicent was proclaimed in 1870 after a township developed\n\nCarlos Chagas Filho (September 10, 1910 \u2013 February 16, 2000) was a Brazilian physician, biologist and scientist active in the field of neuroscience. He was internationally renowned for his investigations on the neural mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of electrogenesis by the electroplaques of electric fishes. He was also an important scientific leader, being one of the founders of the Biophysics Institute of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and was also a president for 16 years of the Vatican's Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (1965\u20131967). Life He was the second son of Carlos Chagas (1879\u20131934), an eminent scientist who is credited with the discovery of Chagas disease. His oldest brother was Evandro Chagas (1905\u20131940), also a physician and scientist specialized, like his father, in tropical medicine. He studied medicine from 1926 to 1931 at the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Brasil\n\nQuestion: What is Millicent, South Australia", "output": "Millicent is a town in the Australian state of South Australia located about  south-east of the state capital of Adelaide and about  north of the regional centre of Mount Gambier."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Neil Sperry is a Texas gardening and horticulture expert known for his books, magazine, radio program, and annual gardening show. Sperry was born and raised in College Station, Texas where he graduated A&M Consolidated High School as Salutatorian and Student Body President. He attended Texas A&M University and earned horticulture degrees from Ohio State University. He married his wife Lynn in 1967, and they now live in McKinney, Texas. While in high school and at Texas A&M University he owned and operated a nursery. From 1970 to 1977, he worked as a Horticulture Specialist for the Texas Cooperative Extension. Neil Sperry hosted a radio show on Dallas station KRLD 1080-AM for over thirty years. On his February 13, 2010 broadcast, Sperry informed his audience that KRLD was exercising a 180-day opt-out clause in their contract. His broadcasting there ended in summer 2010. He now hosts a show on WBAP. Two\n\nJohnie All Stars is a Colombian punk-rock band from Medell\u00edn, Antioquia, formed in 1997. Lineup Current lineup Sebastian Regino: Vocals Juan Pablo Rodriguez: Guitar Camilo Gomez: Bass David Ortiz: drums Paulo Arbelaez: Guitar Other people that have played in the band Andres: drums (1996-1996) Anibal Zapata: drums (1996-2001) Miguel: drums (2001-2002) Rafael Vega: Guitar(1996-2002) Sebastian Mejia: Bass (2004-2004), Guitar (2005) Pipe: drums (2004-2004) Jorge: Bass (2006-2007) History Johnie All Stars was formed by guitarists Juan Pablo and Rafael and bass player Camilo, who together with drummer Andres started a punk rock band to kill some time. After a couple of rehearsals, vocalist Sebastian kicked in and the first roster of the band was complete. Later, Anibal replaced Andres as the band's drummer. With this lineup, the band played for a couple of years, recording their first full-length album and touring around Colombia. After finishing the recording of their second album\n\nChristopher Ward Norman (born 25 October 1950) is an English soft rock singer. Norman was the original lead singer of the English rock band Smokie, (1964\u20131986), who found success in Europe in the 1970s. \"Stumblin' In\", a 1978 duet with Suzi Quatro, was a big US hit. Life and career With the advent of rock and roll, Norman acquired his first guitar at the age of seven. His early musical influences were Elvis Presley, Little Richard, Otis Redding, and Lonnie Donegan. In these early years, Norman's parents moved around the country a lot, which resulted in him going to nine different schools, and living in various locations around England, such as Redcar, Luton, Kimpton, and Nottingham. By 1962, however, the family had moved back to Norman's mother's home city of Bradford. Approaching his twelfth birthday, Norman started at St. Bede's Grammar School, where he was to meet Alan Silson and\n\nQuestion: Who was Chris Norman?", "output": "Christopher Ward Norman is an English soft rock singer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "David Secord (August 1759 \u2013 August 9, 1844) was a businessman and political figure in Upper Canada. He was born in New York City in 1759. His father served with Butler's Rangers during the American Revolution and David later served as a corporal in the unit. After the war, they settled at Queenston in Upper Canada; David helped establish the community of St Davids where he built a sawmill, gristmill, blacksmith shop and general store. His brother James, whose wife was Laura Secord, also settled there. In 1796, he was appointed justice of the peace in the Home District. He was elected to the 5th Parliament of Upper Canada representing 2nd Lincoln. He also served in the local militia, eventually reaching the rank of major. His buildings at St Davids were destroyed by the Americans during the War of 1812. He was later elected to the 7th Parliament for 3rd\n\nThe Army Navy Match is the annual rugby union match played between the senior XV teams of the Royal Navy and British Army. It marks the culmination of the annual Inter-Services Competition. Although a match was played between the officers of the British Army and the officers of the Royal Navy at The Oval, London on 13 February 1878, it was not until 1907 that the Army Navy Match became an annual fixture. For the first fixture the match Secretary was Surg Lt George Levick RN. From 1909 it was jointly administered by the newly formed Royal Navy Rugby Union (RNRU \u2013 1907) and the Army Rugby Union (ARU \u2013 1906). Since then it has been played every season, with the exception of during the world wars (1914\u201319 and 1940\u201345) and COVID-19 pandemic when the matches were suspended. Brief background Traditionally, the Army Navy match has been played in the\n\nKinbrace railway station is a railway station serving the village of Kinbrace in the Highland council area in the north of Scotland. It is located on the Far North Line, from Inverness, between Kildonan and Forsinard. The station is managed by ScotRail, who operate the services at the station. History had been linked to by rail in 1870. The Sutherland and Caithness Railway was formed in 1871 to carry the railway onward to and , by a route which took it through Strath Ullie. The line opened on 28 July 1874 and included a station at Kinbrace. Facilities The station unusually has two waiting shelters, as well as a help point and bike racks. As there are no facilities to purchase tickets, passengers must buy one in advance, or from the guard on the train. On , Transport Scotland introduced a new \"Press & Ride\" system at Kinbrace, following successful\n\nQuestion: Define Army Navy Match.", "output": "The Army Navy Match is the annual rugby union match played between the senior XV teams of the Royal Navy and British Army."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "is a Japanese voice actor who works for Haikyo. Notable voice roles Anime Lance in 07 Ghost Brindo and young Hody Jones in One Piece Check Mate and Ilioukhine in Kinnikuman Nisei (Ultimate Muscle) Arizona Governor in Eureka Seven Ao Yu Himura in Ef: A Fairy Tale of the Two En Daidouji in Brave Command Dagwon Erigor in Fairy Tail Griffin Minos in Saint Seiya Go Hibiki in Mach Go Go Groundman in Rockman.EXE Beast Hawkmon in Digimon Adventure 02 Hayato Marikoji in Himawari! Hawktor in Bakugan Battle Brawlers: Gundalian Invaders Hazel Grouse in Saiyuki Reload Gunlock Hazel Grouse in Saiyuki Reload: Zeroin I'm Sorry Masked Man and Nightmare in Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo Jenai in Chrono Crusade Ken Amafuji in Boku wa Konomama Kaeranai Kotaro Kakinouchi in The Mythical Detective Loki Ragnarok Mirai in Mirmo! Neji Hyuga in Naruto Neji Hyuga in Naruto: Shippuden Neji Hyuga in Naruto SD Norio in\n\nPaul William Gerrard (born 22 January 1973) is an English football goalkeeping coach and former player. He is the goalkeeping coach EFL League One side Carlisle United. Gerrard started his career in the Premier League with Oldham Athletic as a goalkeeper, and his 22-year playing career saw him play for Oldham, Everton, Oxford United, Ipswich Town, Sheffield United, Nottingham Forest, Blackpool and Stockport County, before he finished his playing career in a second spell at Oldham. Towards the end of his playing career, he was employed as a part-time goalkeeping coach by Oldham and Shrewsbury Town, before signing on as a full-time player/coach with Oldham at the start of the 2011\u201312 season. Gerrard is also a former England Under 21 international, having made 18 appearances between 1993 and 1996, but he never made an appearance for the full national side. Following retirement he has been worked as the goalkeeping coach\n\nSoundlab was a collective of artists, both sound and visual, that started in the East Village, New York City around the mid 1990s. The founding members were Howard Goldkrand, Beth Coleman and Paul D. Miller aka DJ Spooky. The collective included many musicians and artists from the Illbient scene including DJ Olive, Lloop, Dj Wally, A.K. Atoms, Kit Krash, Acoustyk aka MegMan, Lucy Walker and Tim Sweet. The initial Soundlab events took place at David Linton's House of Ouch in Chinatown and then moving around to secret venues around the city including participation in The RV's Substation massive at Andy Warhol's old Factory space (being the last event ever held there). Bands such as We, Byzar and Subdub were regular performers as well as Arto Lindsay, Vernon Reid, DJ Soulslinger, the Freight Elevator Quartet and Elliott Sharp. Beth Coleman and Howard Goldkrand contributed a chapter to Sound Unbound: Sampling Digital\n\nQuestion: What is K\u014dichi T\u014dchika?", "output": "is a Japanese voice actor who works for Haikyo."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Campo Alegre de Goi\u00e1s is a municipality in southeastern Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. It is the largest producer of coffee in the state and an important producer of soybeans, corn, and wheat. Geography Campo Alegre is located in the statistical micro-region of Catal\u00e3o. It is 326 km. from the state capital, Goi\u00e2nia and is connected by BR-352 / Bela Vista de Goi\u00e1s / Cristian\u00f3polis / GO-020 / Pires do Rio / GO-330 / Ipameri / Catal\u00e3o / BR-050. It has boundaries with Catal\u00e3o (south), Ipameri (north and east), and Paracatu (east). Three rivers cross the municipality: Rio Ver\u00edssimo, Rio S\u00e3o Marcos and Rio Pirapitinga. History Campo Alegre de Goi\u00e1s began as a stopping point in 1833 for the muleteers crossing the different routes in the province of Goi\u00e1s. The first name was Cala\u00e7a. It became a district of Ipameri in 1907. In 1944 the name was changed to Rud\u00e1, which means\n\nMara Provincial Park is a day-use provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on Mara Lake south of Sicamous. The park is open with services from May 1 to September 27. The gate is locked open during the off season. Mara Provincial Park is dedicated to intensive recreation, providing opportunities for public recreation access and use of Mara Lake, with emphasis on swimming, picnicking and boat launching. Mara Provincial Park provides good sandy beaches and the only major public access and boat launch on Mara Lake. There is fish-spawning at the mouths of two creeks. One kekuli pit can be found in the park, but this feature is only considered as locally significant. Images See also Shuswap Lake Marine Provincial Park (Mara Point Site) List of protected areas of British Columbia References Provincial parks of British Columbia Parks in the Shuswap Country Provincial parks in the Okanagan 1958 establishments in\n\nThe National Policy Forum (NPF) of the British Labour Party is part of the policy-making system of the Party, set up by Leader Tony Blair as part of the Partnership in Power process. A Provisional National Policy Forum had been established by Blair's predecessor, John Smith, in May 1993. The NPF is made up of 204 members representing parliament, European and devolved assemblies, local government, affiliated trade unions, socialist societies and others, and individual members of the Labour Party, who elect representatives through an all member ballot. The body is responsible for overseeing policy development. It meets two or three weekends a year to discuss in detail documents produced by the policy commissions, of which there are five, jointly set up by the NPF, the Party's National Executive Committee and (under Blair) the Government. It submits three types of documents to Labour Party Conference: pre-decision consultative, final policy documents and\n\nQuestion: Tell me what National Policy Forum is.", "output": "The National Policy Forum of the British Labour Party is part of the policy-making system of the Party, set up by Leader Tony Blair as part of the Partnership in Power process."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Stedham with Iping is a civil parish in the Chichester district of West Sussex, England. It is approximately two miles (3 km) west of Midhurst and comprises the two villages of Stedham and Iping. There are two churches in the parish: St James' in Stedham and St Mary's in Iping. Its watermill (now disused) was used for the production of blotting paper. In the 2001 census the parish had an area of 11 km2 (2,671 acres) and had 346 households with a total population of 814. 413 residents were economically active. The population at the 2011 Census was 767. Former parish residents include Kerry Packer who maintained a polo team in the area. One of the stories of H. G. Wells, \"The Invisible Man\" begins when the bandaged invisible man comes to a village called Iping to rent a room, gets discovered, and has to fight frightened villagers to get\n\nThe Goodyear Airdock is a construction and storage airship hangar in Akron, Ohio. At its completion in 1929, it was the largest building in the world without interior supports. Description The building has a unique shape which has been described as \"half a silkworm's cocoon, cut in half the long way.\" It is long, wide, and high, supported by 13 steel arches. There is 364,000 square feet (34 000 m2) of unobstructed floor space, or an area larger than 8 football fields side-by-side. The airdock has a volume of 55 million cubic feet (or about 1.5 million cubic meters). A control tower and radio aerial sit at its northeast end. At each end of the building are two huge semi-spherical doors that each weigh 600 tons (544 000 kg). At the top, the doors are fastened by hollow forged pins in diameter and long. The doors roll on 40 wheels\n\nSusan Sirma (born May 26, 1966) is a retired Kenyan middle-distance runner best known for winning a bronze medal over 3000 metres at the 1991 World Championships, becoming the first black African woman to win a track and field medal at World Championship or Olympic level. Career Sirma also won two gold medals over this distance at the All-Africa Games, in fact the only times the 3000 metres was staged at the Games. In 1991 she also won the 1500 metres, her championship record still standing. Personal life She attended the Singore Girls Secondary School in Iten. Later, she shifted her base to Japan. Fellow Kenyan-born runners Sally Barsosio and Lornah Kiplagat are her cousins. Achievements References External links sports-reference 1966 births Living people Kenyan female middle-distance runners Kenyan female cross country runners Olympic female middle-distance runners Olympic athletes for Kenya Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics\n\nQuestion: What's Goodyear Airdock?", "output": "The Goodyear Airdock is a construction and storage airship hangar in Akron, Ohio."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tercan (formerly Mama Hatun, and Derzene; in the Byzantine era; ) is a town and seat of Tercan District of Erzincan Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It had a population of 4,846 in 2021. Located on the north bank of the Tuzla Su, a tributary of the Euphrates, Tercan is especially notable for the 12th century complex of buildings built by the Saltukid female ruler Melike Mama Hatun, which comprises her tomb, a mosque, a hammam and an impressive caravanserai which was heavily restored in recent years. Neighborhoods The town is divided into the neighborhoods of Ahmet Yesevi, Atat\u00fcrk, Fatih, Kaz\u0131mkarabekir, Mamahatun and Yavuz Selim. History Originally, the main town in the region of Derzene was Pekeri\u00e7. Tercan superseded it in perhaps the early Ottoman period. In the middle ages and early Ottoman period, two routes converged at Tercan. The first was the one connecting Erzurum with\n\nShow Your Bones is the second studio album by American indie rock band Yeah Yeah Yeahs, released on March 28, 2006 by Interscope Records. The album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album in 2007. Background and music In early 2005, the band decided to scrap all of the songs they had written for the record so far and re-invent their style. Karen O said, \"We're not interested in making Fever to Tell Part 2. The pressure is to re-invent ourselves. We don't know how we're going to do it yet but I think it's in our best interests to try and explore other directions.\" Guitarist Nick Zinner added, \"It seems like a necessary step and the obvious thing to do is not repeat what you've played. I was disappointed by a lot of band's second records recently over the past year or two because it\n\nThe National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Assamese is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals, the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus). The National Film Awards, established in 1954, are the most prominent film awards in India that merit the best of the Indian cinema. The ceremony also presents awards for films in various regional languages. Awards for films in seven regional language (Bengali, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil and Telugu) started from 2nd National Film Awards which were presented in 1955. Three awards of \"President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film\", \"Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film\" and \"Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film\" were instituted. The later two certificate awards were\n\nQuestion: Define Show Your Bones.", "output": "Show Your Bones is the second studio album by American indie rock band Yeah Yeah Yeahs, released on March 28, 2006 by Interscope Records."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Martin Gordon (born 3 May 1954) is an English musician who plays bass guitar, double bass, and piano. After a long period as band member and session musician, he embarked on a solo career in 2004. His most recent album release was in 2021. Biography Martin Gordon was born in Ipswich, and grew up Hitchin, Hertfordshire. He studied piano and classical guitar as a child, attended summer schools hosted by the British National Jazz Youth Orchestra, where he took lessons from Nucleus bassist Jeff Clyne and later studied harmony and counterpoint. Gordon began his musical career in the 1970s with the Californian pop brothers Ron Mael and Russell Mael in Sparks, who were seeking a bassist after their relocation to the UK. Gordon played with Sparks on the album Kimono My House, which featured his trademark Rickenbacker 4001 bass. \"This Town Ain't Big Enough for the Both of Us\" and\n\nKindHearts for Charitable Humanitarian Development, \"KindHearts\", was a non-governmental organization operating out of Toledo, Ohio. The organization's stated goal was to provide \"humanitarian aid without regard to religious or political affiliation.\" KindHearts reached a settlement agreement with the U.S. Treasury in November 2011, ending a protracted legal dispute over the charity's fundraising activities and its alleged affiliation with terrorist groups. KindHearts officially disbanded in February, 2012 after distributing its funds to various humanitarian causes. The details of the settlement were announced on May 1, 2012. Links to Hamas controversy On February 19, 2006, the U.S. Treasury froze the assets of KindHearts after finding the charity to be fundraising for Hamas. The assets were frozen pursuant to authority delegated by President George W. Bush under E.O. 13224. To date, neither KindHearts, officer, has been charged or convicted with any crime. However, Chief Judge Carr of the Northern District of Ohio issued\n\nA rotary vane pump is a type of positive-displacement pump that consists of vanes mounted to a rotor that rotates inside a cavity. In some cases these vanes can have variable length and/or be tensioned to maintain contact with the walls as the pump rotates. This type of pump was invented by Charles C. Barnes of Sackville, New Brunswick, who patented it on June 16, 1874. There have been various improvements since, including a variable vane pump for gases (1909). This type of pump is considered less suitable than other vacuum pumps for high-viscosity and high-pressure fluids, and is . They can endure short periods of dry operation, and are considered good for low-viscosity fluids. Types The simplest vane pump has a circular rotor rotating inside a larger circular cavity. The centres of these two circles are offset, causing eccentricity. Vanes are mounted in slots cut into the rotor. The\n\nQuestion: Who was Martin Gordon?", "output": "Martin Gordon is an English musician who plays bass guitar, double bass, and piano."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Esther Rochon (n\u00e9e Blackburn) (born 27 June 1948) is a Canadian science fiction writer. Born in Quebec City, Quebec, the daughter of screenwriter Marthe Blackburn and composer Maurice Blackburn, at the age of 16 she won the Governor General First Prize for a short story in the Young Author's contest of Radio Canada. Rochon studied Mathematics at the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al. She has won the Quebec Science Fiction Fantasy Grand Prix four times. Selected bibliography En hommage aux araign\u00e9es \u2014 1974 L'\u00e9puisement du soleil \u2014 1985 Coquillage \u2014 1987 (translated as The Shell, 1990) L'espace du diamant \u2014 1991 References W. H. New, ed. Encyclopedia of Literature in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002: 983. External links Alire 1948 births Living people Canadian novelists in French Canadian science fiction writers Canadian women novelists French Quebecers Women science fiction and fantasy writers Writers from Quebec City 20th-century Canadian novelists 20th-century\n\nFrank Dobias (born May 11, 1900) was an illustrator of children's books. Among many other works, his illustrations for the Japanese version of Little Black Sambo made the book a bestseller in Japan, selling well over a million copies between 1953 and 1988. Early life and career He was born in Gloggnitz, Austria and moved to the United States 1923, where he started his professional career as illustrator mostly for Macmillan Publishers books. The illustrations used in the Japanese best-seller were originally drawn for Little Black Sambo published from Macmillan in 1927. The Macmillan 1927 version was revived from Komichi Shobo Publishing, a Japanese publisher in Tokyo, in 2008. Selected works Bannerman, Helen. Little Black Sambo. The Happy Hour Books. Macmillan Publishers, 1927. Siebe, Josephine. Kasperle\u2019s Adventures. Translated by Florence Geiser. Macmillan Publishers, 1929. Morris, William. Sons of the Volsungs. Adapted by Dorothy Hosford from Sigurd the Volsung by William\n\nH\u00fcseyin Rahmi G\u00fcrp\u0131nar (August 17, 1864 \u2013 March 8, 1944) was a Turkish writer, civil servant, and politician. Biography Born in Istanbul, G\u00fcrp\u0131nar was the son of a family close to the Ottoman court. Having lost his mother at an early age, he was sent to Crete where his father was an Ottoman civil servant. However, he was soon sent back to Istanbul where he was brought up by his aunts and grandmothers in Constantinople. G\u00fcrp\u0131nar started writing fiction at an early age. He became a civil servant, then a writer and journalist. He later served as a member of the parliament in the early years of the Turkish Republic between 1935 and 1943. Selected books \"\u015e\u0131k\" (1889) \"\u0130ffet\" (1896) \"Metres\" (1900) \"Tesad\u00fcf\" (1900) \"\u015e\u0131psevdi\" (1911) \"Nimet\u015finas\" (1911) \"Kuyruklu Y\u0131ld\u0131z Alt\u0131nda Bir \u0130zdiva\u00e7\" (1912) \"Gulyabani\" (1913) \"Hakka S\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131k\" (1919) \"Efsuncu Baba\" (1924) \"Evlere \u015eenlik, Kaynanam Nas\u0131l Kudurdu\" (1927) \"Namusla A\u00e7l\u0131k\n\nQuestion: What's H\u00fcseyin Rahmi G\u00fcrp\u0131nar?", "output": "H\u00fcseyin Rahmi G\u00fcrp\u0131nar was a Turkish writer, civil servant, and politician."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Geoffrey Wallis Steuart Barrow (28 November 1924 \u2013 14 December 2013) was a Scottish historian and academic. The son of Charles Embleton Barrow and Marjorie n\u00e9e Stuart, Geoffrey Barrow was born on 28 November 1924, at Headingley near Leeds. He attended St Edward's School, Oxford, and Inverness Royal Academy, moving on to the University of St Andrews and Pembroke College, Oxford. While still a student at the University of St Andrews he joined the Royal Navy. After basic training he was sent to the Royal Navy Signals School near Petersfield in Hampshire, but he was then offered the chance to go on a Japanese course. He passed an interview in the Admiralty and, as a sub-lieutenant in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, joined the seventh course at the secret Bedford Japanese School run by Captain Oswald Tuck in March 1944 for a six-month course. After completing the course he was\n\nClanwilliam is a town in the Olifants River valley in the Western Cape, South Africa, about north of Cape Town. It is located in, and the seat of, the Cederberg Local Municipality. Clanwilliam had a population of 7,674. Geography John Cradock, the Governor of the Cape Colony (1811\u20131814), named the town after his father-in-law, The 1st Earl of Clanwilliam, an Anglo-Irish nobleman. Clanwilliam is situated at an elevation of , between the western slopes of the Cederberg mountains and the east bank of the Olifants River, which is impounded there by the Clanwilliam Dam. It is located just off the N7 national road, which runs from Cape Town to the Namibian border, and on the R364 road, which runs from Lamberts Bay to Calvinia. Clanwilliam is from Cape Town by road. The Dutch Reform Church has been a scheduled national monument since 1973. The mission there used to run a\n\nThe Ultra-Violence is the debut studio album by American thrash metal band Death Angel, released in 1987. The album was recorded while all members were under 20, with drummer Andy Galeon just 14 years old. It was mixed at George Tobin Studios in Hollywood, California. The title could be a reference to Stanley Kubrick's movie A Clockwork Orange. Reception and legacy The Ultra-Violence is considered a classic in the thrash metal genre, listed as number 370 in the 2010 reference book, The Top 500 Heavy Metal Albums of All Time. Adam McCann of Metal Digest wrote, \"Punching their way out of the trenches of the Bay Area and following in the footsteps of the likes of Testament and Exodus, Death Angel delivered a beast of an album with many Death Angel fans still saying that The Ultra-Violence is their favourite album. The then snot-nosed kids showed how amazingly talented they\n\nQuestion: What is The Ultra-Violence?", "output": "The Ultra-Violence is the debut studio album by American thrash metal band Death Angel, released in 1987."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gabriel Alejandro Paletta (; born 15 February 1986) is a former professional footballer who played as a centre-back. Born in Argentina to parents of Italian descent, Paletta represented his birth nation at the under-20 level, participating in the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship in the Netherlands. He started all seven matches as Argentina won the title. In 2014, Paletta was called up to the Italy national team and made his debut in a friendly against Spain. He represented Italy at the FIFA World Cup later that year. Club career Banfield Paletta came through the youth divisions of Banfield and reached the first team in 2005. When Banfield qualified for the knockout stages of the Copa Libertadores, they altered their 25-man squad for the event to include Paletta and immediately threw him into action against the Colombian team Independiente Medell\u00edn. Paletta played well and Banfield progressed, but Paletta was to play\n\nErrol \"Budoy\" Marabiles (born October 22, 1971) is a Filipino reggae musician, songwriter and TV host. He was one of the fourteen housemates in the ABS-CBN show Pinoy Big Brother: Celebrity Edition. Marabiles, easily recognizable among the housemates because of his dreadlocks or turban, attended the University of the Philippines Cebu. Billed by the show as the \"M16 of Samar\", he is best known as the vocalist of the Cebu-based reggae band Junior Kilat, which is responsible for songs such as Original Sigbin (In Bisaya mythology, Sigbin is a mythical creature), K Fyne (Okay, Fine) and Ako si M16 (I am M16), which secured the Best Song in the 2005 NU Rock awards sponsored by the Manila-based rock radio station NU 107. That song bested most rock compositions of Manila-based bands though its lyrics are in Cebuano. Together with one of his bandmates, Marabiles also co-produced and hosted the magazine\n\nAn immune complex, sometimes called an antigen-antibody complex or antigen-bound antibody, is a molecule formed from the binding of multiple antigens to antibodies. The bound antigen and antibody act as a unitary object, effectively an antigen of its own with a specific epitope. After an antigen-antibody reaction, the immune complexes can be subject to any of a number of responses, including complement deposition, opsonization, phagocytosis, or processing by proteases. Red blood cells carrying CR1-receptors on their surface may bind C3b-coated immune complexes and transport them to phagocytes, mostly in liver and spleen, and return to the general circulation. The ratio of antigen to antibody determines size and shape of immune complex. This, in turn, determines the effect of the immune complex. Many innate immune cells have FcRs, which are membrane-bound receptors that bind the constant regions of antibodies. Most FcRs on innate immune cells have low affinity for a singular\n\nQuestion: Who is Gabriel Paletta", "output": "Gabriel Alejandro Paletta is a former professional footballer who played as a centre-back."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Muras are an indigenous people who live in the central and eastern parts of Amazonas, Brazil, along the Amazon river from the Madeira to the Purus. They played an important part in Brazilian history during colonial times and were known for their quiet determination and subsequent resistance to the encroaching Portuguese culture. Formerly a powerful people, they were defeated by their neighbors, the Munduruku, in 1788. Of the original diversity of Muran languages, only Pirah\u00e3 survives today. Historical encounter with the Portuguese According to Ad\u00e9lia Engr\u00e1cia de Oliveira in Autos da devassa contra os \u00edndios Mura do Rio Madeira e na\u00e7\u00f5es do Rio Tocantins (1738\u20131739) (CEDEAM, 1986:1): \"It is known that they, who used their canoes as homes, nomadic indians (\"\u00cdndios de Corso\"), controlled a wide area of land from the border of Peru to River Trombetas, that they stood out for their great effort to repel the encroaching\n\nWSKG-FM, 89.3 MHz FM, is an NPR member station in Binghamton, New York. It has an effective radiated power of 11.5 kW. Due to hilly terrain, the signal is repeated on several other frequencies located throughout South Central New York State. WSKG-FM began broadcast in October 1975. Its operator WSKG Public Telecommunications Council is a cooperative non-profit of the State University of New York Board of Regents and New York State Department of Education. The station's format had long been principally classical music, NPR talk radio programs, and NPR news, with jazz on Friday evenings after All Things Considered and various folk music played on Saturday evenings after A Prairie Home Companion. On February 3, 2019, WSKG shuffled programming so that WSKG-FM took on an all-NPR and BBC talk and news format. WSKG-TV and WSQX-FM are other broadcast stations operated by the WSKG Public Telecommunications Council. Simulcasts WSKG-FM has five\n\nShimon Yehuda Shkop (; 1860 \u2013 October 22, 1939) was Rosh Yeshiva (dean) of the Yeshiva of Telshe, and later of Yeshiva Shaar HaTorah of Grodno. Having innovated a style of Torah study, applying both to Halacha and to Talmud, he was widely regarded as a major Talmid Chacham (Talmudic scholar). Biography Early life Shkop was born in Torez, today in Belarus, in 1860. At the age of twelve he went to study in the Mir Yeshiva for two years. He then traveled to the Volozhin yeshiva where he studied under Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin, \"Netziv\", for six years. His study partners included Chaim Ozer Grodzinski. Shkop also joined the chaburah of Rav Chaim Soloveitchik, \"Chaim Brisker\", analyzing the gemara using what would come to be called the \"Brisker derech\"; he was thus among the first students exposed to the new approach. Telz and Grodno Shkop married a niece of\n\nQuestion: What's Shimon Shkop?", "output": "Shimon Yehuda Shkop was Rosh Yeshiva of the Yeshiva of Telshe, and later of Yeshiva Shaar HaTorah of Grodno."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jasun Wardlaw (April 6, 1973 \u2013 October 22, 2003) better known by his stage name Half a Mill, was a Brooklyn-based American rapper. Career Half a Mill was considered an underground rapper in the early 1990s. His mainstream breakthrough came in 1997 when he scored a guest spot on supergroup the Firm's only release, The Album. Personal life and death Wardlaw would commit suicide by shooting himself in the head in Brooklyn's Albany Projects on October 22, 2003. His body was found by police inside his apartment. He left behind a son, Jasun Jabbar Wardlaw Jr., who is a rapper and actor. Half a Mill was the subject of the 2010 full-length documentary Player Hating: A Love Story by filmmaker Maggie Hadleigh-West. Discography See also List of murdered hip hop musicians References 1973 births African-American male rappers American male rappers Deaths by firearm in Brooklyn Rappers from Brooklyn Underground rappers\n\nis an indoor arena located in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The capacity of the arena is 17,000 and was opened in 1989. The arena was modeled after US sports venue Madison Square Garden in New York City. It is a five-minute walk from the closest station, Shin-Yokohama Station on the JR/Yokohama Municipal Subway. As one of the largest concert venues in the Kant\u014d region, it is a frequent location for artists to end their tours. The spacious stage allows for more complex set design and lighting, but the reasonable size makes it easier to sell out than the Tokyo Dome. History The Yokohama Arena was opened on April 1, 1989. At the exact day was held the opening celebration concert where performed renowned Japanese singer-songwriter Yumi Matsutoya, and the three upcoming days were additional dates of her concert tour. Many notable Japanese music acts performed at the arena, alphabetically: AKB48,\n\nNigel Mitchell is a British television and radio presenter and voice-over artist. Early life and education Nigel was born in Kingston Upon Thames. He attended Shrewsbury House School in Surbiton, from where he gained a scholarship to Reed's School in Cobham, Surrey at the age of 11. Television career Nickelodeon Nigel started his TV career as a presenter on the kid's television station, Nickelodeon at the age of 17. ITV Nigel left Nickelodeon to present 'Sticky' on CITV. Sticky was a live magazine show produced by 70's TV personality Mick Robertson. The show was co-presented by Gail Porter. Disney Channel Nigel went on to Disney Channel in 1997 to host Studio Disney and remained with the channel until the live shows were ended in May 2005. Studio Disney featured live games, callers, special guests and live performances. Film 24 Nigel was a regular presenter on Sky's Film 24 channel looking\n\nQuestion: What's Yokohama Arena?", "output": "is an indoor arena located in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mary Catherine \"Taffy\" Nivert-Danoff (born October 25, 1944) is an American songwriter and singer. She is best known for co-writing \"Take Me Home, Country Roads\", which was popularized by John Denver, and for being a member of the Starland Vocal Band. Biography Mary Catherine Nivert was born 25 October 1944 in Washington, D.C. She received her nickname Taffy from her elder brother who, unable to pronounce her middle name as a young child, would call her Mary Tafferine. Nivert began singing along with the radio in high school. She was discovered by a bartender in Georgetown after he heard her singing to a jukebox. The bartender asked if she wanted to join a vocal group, and through this, she met her future husband Bill Danoff. Nivert began performing with Danoff as Fat City in the late 1960s. Initially a folk duo, the two later married and recorded four albums, the\n\nThe Monkees Greatest Hits is a 1976 greatest hits compilation album of songs by the Monkees released by Arista Records and a reissue of an earlier Bell Records compilation, Re-Focus. While the Monkees were among the top-selling bands of the mid-1960s, their decline was sharp, and their last new albums and singles sold poorly. Earlier greatest hits collections (the first two from their original label, Colgems Records) had seen only limited release and were hard to find in stores. (The first compilation was also called The Monkees Greatest Hits, but its track listing was very different.) Several of the Monkees' hits had become radio staples, though, and with the sale of their television series into syndication in 1975, they found a new audience on daytime TV. Popular demand from old and new Monkees fans prompted the album's release. The cover included a photo of the group on the front and\n\nThe Battle of Waynesboro was an American Civil War battle fought on December 4, 1864 in eastern Georgia, towards the end of Sherman's March to the Sea. Union cavalry forces under Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick defeated Confederate cavalry led by Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler, opening the way for William T. Sherman's armies to approach their objective, Savannah. As Sherman's infantry marched southeast through Georgia, his cavalry under Judson Kilpatrick rode northeastward. In the late afternoon of November 26, 1864, elements of Kilpatrick's 3rd Cavalry Division had reached the wooden railroad bridge north of Waynesboro, Georgia, and partially burned it before being driven off by troops dispatched from the Cavalry Corps of the Army of Tennessee by Joseph Wheeler. After the numerically inferior Confederates withdrew, Kilpatrick entered Waynesboro the next day and destroyed a train of cars and much private property before being driven from the town by Wheeler. At dawn\n\nQuestion: Who is Taffy Nivert?", "output": "Mary Catherine \"Taffy\" Nivert-Danoff is an American songwriter and singer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gate Studios was one of the many studios known collectively as Elstree Studios in the town of Borehamwood, England. Opened in 1928, the studios were in use until the early 1950s. The studios had previously been known as Whitehall Studios, Consolidated Studios, J.H. Studios and M.P. Studios. History A single large stage was built in Station Road, Borehamwood, in 1928 by Whitehall Films Ltd, but the company was dissolved in 1930, and its studio sold to Audible Filmcraft, who, in turn, crashed in August 1932. Consolidated Film Studios took over the lease in November 1933, then Independent Producers Studios acquired the studio in July 1935. In November 1935, Julius Hagen, the owner of Twickenham Studios, bought the site and formed a new company, J.H. Studios. Financial problems forced Hagen to sell the studios to M.P. Productions in 1937. The studios were acquired by the Anglo-American Film Corporation in September 1938.\n\nFrank Thomas Robertson Giles (31 July 1919 \u2013 30 October 2019) was an English journalist, historian and diplomat, who was editor of the British Sunday Times newspaper from 1981 to 1983, having served as its foreign editor (1961\u20131977) and then deputy editor (1967\u20131981) under his predecessor Harold Evans. He stood down in the wake of the Hitler Diaries scandal. Biography Giles was the only son of Colonel Frank Lucas Netlam Giles (1879\u20131930), DSO (1915), OBE (1923), and Elgiva Mary Ackland-Allen (1890\u20131970). In 1946, he married Lady Katherine Pamela Sackville ('Kitty'), only daughter of the 9th Earl De La Warr; they had three children, the youngest of whom, Belinda, is married to television broadcaster David Dimbleby. In 1940, the young Bermuda Government House ADC Giles encountered the Edward, Duke of Windsor and his wife Wallis Simpson during their brief visit on their way to the Bahamas. Giles described his impressions at\n\nStumbling on Happiness is a nonfiction book by Daniel Gilbert, published in the United States and Canada in 2006 by Knopf. It has been translated into more than thirty languages and is a New York Times bestseller. Theme Gilbert's central thesis is that, through perception and cognitive biases, people imagine the future poorly, in particular what will make them happy. He argues that imagination fails in three ways: Imagination tends to add and remove details, but people do not realize that key details may be fabricated or missing from the imagined scenario. Imagined futures (and pasts) are more like the present than they actually will be (or were). Imagination fails to realize that things will feel different once they actually happen\u2014most notably, the psychological immune system will make bad things feel not so bad as they are imagined to feel. Also, Gilbert covers the topic of 'filling in' or the\n\nQuestion: What is Stumbling on Happiness", "output": "Stumbling on Happiness is a nonfiction book by Daniel Gilbert, published in the United States and Canada in 2006 by Knopf."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alexander Graham Bell (, born Alexander Bell; March 3, 1847 \u2013 August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born inventor, scientist and engineer who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone. He also co-founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885. Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf; profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone, on March 7, 1876. Bell considered his invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study. Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils, and aeronautics. Bell also had a strong influence on the National Geographic\n\nFriedrichsruh () is a district in the municipality of Aum\u00fchle, Herzogtum Lauenburg district, Schleswig-Holstein, in northern Germany. Friedrichsruh manor is known as a residence of the princely House of Bismarck, mainly of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck from 1871 onwards. History In the 18th century, the extended Sachsenwald forest in Saxe-Lauenburg east of Hamburg was a favoured hunting ground for Count Frederick of Lippe (1706\u20131781). In 1763 he had a lodge erected in the woods, named Friedrichsruh (\"Frederick's Rest\"), which upon his death changed hands several times. In the early 19th century, the premises were rebuilt as a country inn and guesthouse, which after the opening of the Hamburg-Berlin railway line running nearby became a popular destination for Hamburg citizens. After the victory over France and the German unification of 1871, Chancellor Otto von Bismarck received the Sachsenwald estates as a present from Emperor William I. Bismarck had the former inn\n\nThe Bermuda Triangle, also known as the Devil's Triangle, is an urban legend focused on a loosely defined region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean where a number of aircraft and ships are said to have disappeared under mysterious circumstances. The idea of the area as uniquely prone to disappearances arose in the mid-20th century, but most reputable sources dismiss the idea that there is any mystery. Origins The earliest suggestion of unusual disappearances in the Bermuda area appeared in a September 17, 1950, article published in The Miami Herald (Associated Press) by Edward Van Winkle Jones. Two years later, Fate magazine published \"Sea Mystery at Our Back Door\", a short article by George Sand covering the loss of several planes and ships, including the loss of Flight 19, a group of five US Navy Grumman TBM Avenger torpedo bombers on a training mission. Sand's article was\n\nQuestion: What's Bermuda Triangle?", "output": "The Bermuda Triangle, also known as the Devil's Triangle, is an urban legend focused on a loosely defined region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean where a number of aircraft and ships are said to have disappeared under mysterious circumstances."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Melvin Mooney (1893\u20131968) was an American physicist and rheologist. Life Mooney was born in Kansas City, Missouri. He achieved an A.B. degree from the University of Missouri in 1917 and a PhD in physics from the University of Chicago in 1923. He worked for the United States Rubber Company. He developed the Mooney viscometer (used to measure viscosity of rubber compounds during curing) and other testing equipment used in the rubber industry. He also proposed the Mooney-Rivlin solid constitutive law describing the hyperelastic stress\u2013strain behavior of rubber. He was the first recipient of the Bingham Medal from the Society of Rheology in 1948. He received the Charles Goodyear Medal in 1962. He is the namesake of the Melvin Mooney Distinguished Technology Award of the American Chemical Society Rubber Division. References External links A photograph of Melvin Mooney from Audio interview with Melvin Mooney. Polymer scientists and engineers 1893 births 1968\n\nThe Kelabit Highlands are a mountain range located in the northernmost part of Sarawak, Malaysia in the Miri Division. It hosts the Bario village. The highest mountains in this range are Mount Murud at , Bukit Batu Buli at , and Bukit Batu Lawi at . The current population of the Kelabit people is about 6,800. Maligan Highlands, another highland nearby located within the Limbang Division, hosts the Ba'kelalan village. Geography The rocks of the Kelabit Highlands comprise mudstones, sandstones, and limestones ranging in age from the Oligocene to Miocene periods. In terms of plate tectonics, the region was a basin formed by warping at a subduction zone where the continental crust was forced upwards. The estimated rate of uplift is 20 mm per century for the last two million years. Bario showed a lowering in temperatures during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Villages Bario The area hosts 13 villages.\n\nNkawkaw is a town in southern Ghana and is the capital of Kwahu West Municipal , an area in the Eastern Region of south Ghana. Nkawkaw has a 2013 settlement population of 61,785 people. Nkawkaw is also described as a city in a valley as it the gateway to ascend the Kwahu mountains. Hon. Joseph Frempong is the current member of parliament for the Kwahu West who was elected in the 2020 elections. Geography Nkawkaw is situated on the road and former railway between Accra and Kumasi, and lies about halfway between these cities. It is also connected by road to Koforidua and Konongo. Nkawkaw is one of the major towns of the Kwahu Mountains. Historically it is not considered as a Kwahu town because it is not on top of the mountain range. According to the 2013 census Nkawkaw has a settlement population of 61,785. Sports Nkawkaw is the\n\nQuestion: What is Nkawkaw?", "output": "Nkawkaw is a town in southern Ghana and is the capital of Kwahu West Municipal , an area in the Eastern Region of south Ghana."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Highlander III: The Sorcerer (also known as Highlander: The Final Dimension or Highlander: The Final Conflict) is a 1994 action-adventure fantasy film and the third installment in the Highlander film series. Set as an alternate sequel to the original film, it is the final Highlander film that focuses on Connor MacLeod as the protagonist. In the film, Connor MacLeod is forced to face a new, dangerous enemy, a powerful sorcerer known as Kane who threatens to win the fabled \"Prize\" in order to gain world domination by eliminating MacLeod. It grossed $36.7 million worldwide. Plot Some time after the death of his wife Heather in the 16th century, the immortal Scottish Highlander Connor MacLeod travels to Japan to train with an immortal named Nakano, a sorcerer (said to be a master of illusion) and old friend of the Highlander's late teacher Juan S\u00e1nchez-Villalobos Ram\u00edrez. In a cave in Mount Niri,\n\nFreedom of navigation (FON) is a principle of law of the sea that ships flying the flag of any sovereign state shall not suffer interference from other states, apart from the exceptions provided for in international law. In the realm of international law, it has been defined as \u201cfreedom of movement for vessels, freedom to enter ports and to make use of plant and docks, to load and unload goods and to transport goods and passengers\". This right is now also codified as Article 87(1)a of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. History Development as a legal concept Freedom of navigation as a legal and normative concept has developed only relatively recently. Until the early modern period, international maritime law was governed by customs that differed across countries\u2019 legal systems and were only sometimes codified, as for example in the 14th-century Crown of Aragon Consulate\n\nThe Boy's Own Paper was a British story paper aimed at young and teenage boys, published from 1879 to 1967. Publishing history The idea for the publication was first raised in 1878 by the Religious Tract Society, as a means to encourage younger children to read and to instill Christian morals during their formative years. The first issue was published on 18 January 1879. The final issue, a \"Special Souvenir Edition, Price 2/-\", was dated February 1967 and was published on 27 January 1967. It was a facsimile reprint of the first issue, complete with adverts. It had a panel on the front cover giving a very brief history and stating that it would \"appear in future as the BOY'S OWN ANNUAL, edited by Jack Cox\". The paper was launched in January 1879 and published weekly until November 1913, when it became monthly. In total, 2451 issues of the paper\n\nQuestion: What's Highlander III: The Sorcerer?", "output": "Highlander III: The Sorcerer is a 1994 action-adventure fantasy film and the third installment in the Highlander film series."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jose Mari Kaimo (born January 21, 1960, in Manila, Philippines) is a veteran Filipino journalist, news anchor, host, television personality, actor, and voice-over artist. Career Kaimo started as a news reporter at the height of the Ferdinand Marcos dictatorship. After the EDSA People Power Revolution, he anchored various newscasts on different TV stations including People's Television Network, GMA Network, ABS-CBN and its sister channel, Studio 23. He co-hosted for Vilma Santos' show Vilma! in 1989, and some years later, shows such as The Global Filipino on TFC and The Correspondents on ABS-CBN. Kaimo also anchored News Central on Studio 23 from its inception in September 1998 until June 2007. since 2007, he is currently one of the regular hosts of the television program The 700 Club Asia, the Philippine franchise of the American program of the same name produced by CBN Asia. Kaimo is also a voice-over artist, who narrated\n\nCasey Edward Rabach (; born September 24, 1977) is a former American football center. He was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the third round of the 2001 NFL Draft, and also played professionally for the Washington Redskins. He played college football at Wisconsin. Early life Rabach attended Sturgeon Bay High School in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin and then played college football at Wisconsin. Professional career Baltimore Ravens Rabach was drafted in the third round of the 2001 NFL Draft (92nd overall) by the Baltimore Ravens. By the 2003 season he was the starting center for the team. Washington Redskins Before the 2005 NFL season, Rabach left Baltimore as a free agent for the Washington Redskins. He immediately became the starting center for the Redskins, replacing Cory Raymer. That year, he started all 16 games. The following year, Rabach was plagued by a broken left hand in the back half of\n\nPamela Jane Barclay Brown (born 1948) is an Australian poet. Career Pam Brown was born in Seymour, Victoria. Most of her childhood was spent on military bases in Toowoomba and Brisbane. Since her early twenties, she has lived in Melbourne and Adelaide, and has travelled widely in the Pacific and Indian Ocean regions as well as Europe and the U.S., but mostly she has lived in Sydney, on the unceded land of the Eora Nation. She has made her living variously as a silkscreen printer, bookseller, postal worker and has taught writing, multi-media studies and film-making. Pam Brown worked from 1989 to 2006 as a librarian at University of Sydney. From 1997 to 2002 Pam Brown was the poetry editor of Overland and from 2004 to 2011 she was the associate editor of Jacket magazine. She has been a guest at poetry festivals worldwide, taught at the University for Foreign\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Mari Kaimo.", "output": "Jose Mari Kaimo is a veteran Filipino journalist, news anchor, host, television personality, actor, and voice-over artist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Palais Caprara-Geym\u00fcller, sometimes known as Palais Caprara, is a Baroque palace in Vienna, Austria. The Vienna Stock Exchange is situated in the palace. Architecture Since the Palais Caprara-Geym\u00fcller has a rather atypical design for baroque Vienna, so the Viennese disliked it at first, but they were soon impressed by the massive building that blended into the cityscape without any problems. The facade consists of a five-axis central projection and a two-axis side projection. The horizontal fa\u00e7ade is structured by ledges above the floors. In addition, the windows on the first floor are decorated alternately with triangular gables and round arches. The strict structure of the floors is representative of the Italian palace architecture. The entrance gate is bordered by two atlases which support the balcony above. The entrance hall is a transverse, a wide columned hall, from which a three-armed staircase leads to the first floor. The walls of the\n\nThe Sierra Academy of Aeronautics is an aviation flight school headquartered in Atwater, California. It operates its training facility at the former Castle Air Force Base in Atwater, California. Sierra Academy was contracted by several foreign air carriers to perform pilot training, including Shanghai Airlines. History The Sierra Academy formerly was based at the Oakland International Airport, where it had hangars, offices, and classrooms. It was owned by the Everett family of Atherton, California. In 1996, Hani Hanjour who would later fly a hijacked airliner into the Pentagon was admitted to the Sierra Academy of Aeronautics, but before beginning flight training, the academy arranged for Hanjour to take intensive English courses at ELS Language Center in Oakland. The flight school also arranged for Hanjour to stay with a host family, with whom he moved in with on May 20, 1996. Hanjour completed the English program in August, and in early\n\nKjersti Tysse Pl\u00e4tzer (born Tysse; 18 January 1972) is a Norwegian race walker, who won the silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, in the 20 kilometres race. She finished 12th in the same race in the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens and 4th in the 2007 World Championships in Osaka. At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, she again won a silver medal in the 20 kilometres race. Born in Os, Hordaland, she is the older sister of Erik Tysse and is married to former German middle distance runner Stephan Pl\u00e4tzer, who is also her coach. They have two children, Kiara Lea and Sebastian. Achievements References 2007 World Championships in Osaka,Japan 20 km 4th place 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China 20 km 2nd place External links Kjersti Pl\u00e4tzer website Kjersti Pl\u00e4tzer retirement feature 1972 births Living people Norwegian female racewalkers Athletes (track and field) at the\n\nQuestion: Define Palais Caprara-Geym\u00fcller.", "output": "Palais Caprara-Geym\u00fcller, sometimes known as Palais Caprara,  is a Baroque palace in Vienna, Austria."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of all justifications for authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including nation-states, and capitalism. Anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state with stateless societies and voluntary free associations. As a historically left-wing movement, this reading of anarchism is placed on the farthest left of the political spectrum, usually described as the libertarian wing of the socialist movement (libertarian socialism). Humans have lived in societies without formal hierarchies long before the establishment of states, realms, or empires. With the rise of organised hierarchical bodies, scepticism toward authority also rose. Although traces of anarchist ideas are found all throughout history, modern anarchism emerged from the Enlightenment. During the latter half of the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century, the anarchist movement flourished in most parts of the world and\n\nZone Warrior is a three-dimensional space combat simulator game written by Julian James for Mac OS and published by Casady & Greene in 1997. It was originally released as ZOA (for Zone of Avoidance). In Zone Warrior, the player is the lone defender of a remote space station under attack by aliens. The game was followed by a sequel, then Julian James ported the original to iOS. Gameplay Reception Mac OS The Macintosh Bible Guide to Games commented on the \"remarkable\" level of detail of the graphics. iOS IGN praised the graphics and controls, comparing it the 1979 arcade game Asteroids, finding the early levels easy but the later very challenging. Touch Arcade called it \"an enjoyable shooter\", comparing it to Star Raiders and again Asteroids. Pocket Gamer awarded the game its silver award rating, despite finding the controls challenging. Legacy A sequel, Zone Warrior II, was released for OS\n\nThe second metacarpal bone (metacarpal bone of the index finger) is the longest, and its base the largest, of all the metacarpal bones. Human anatomy Its base is prolonged upward and medialward, forming a prominent ridge. It presents four articular facets, three on the upper surface and one on the ulnar side: Of the facets on the upper surface: the intermediate is the largest and is concave from side to side, convex from before backward for articulation with the lesser multangular; the lateral is small, flat and oval for articulation with the greater multangular; the medial, on the summit of the ridge, is long and narrow for articulation with the capitate. The facet on the ulnar side articulates with the third metacarpal. The extensor carpi radialis longus muscle is inserted on the dorsal surface and the flexor carpi radialis muscle on the volar surface of the base. The shaft gives\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Second metacarpal bone is.", "output": "The second metacarpal bone is the longest, and its base the largest, of all the metacarpal bones."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "An abbess (Latin: abbatissa), also known as a mother superior, is the female superior of a community of Catholic nuns in an abbey. Description In the Catholic Church (both the Latin Church and Eastern Catholic), Eastern Orthodox, Coptic and Anglican abbeys, the mode of election, position, rights, and authority of an abbess correspond generally with those of an abbot. She must be at least 40 years old and have been a nun for 10 years. The age requirement in the Catholic Church has evolved over time, ranging from 30 to 60. The requirement of 10 years as a nun is only eight in Catholicism. In the rare case of there not being a nun with the qualifications, the requirements may be lowered to 30 years of age and five of those in an \"upright manner\", as determined by the superior. A woman who is of illegitimate birth, is not a\n\nCrossmyloof railway station is a railway station serving the areas of Crossmyloof and Shawlands in Glasgow, Scotland, located from Glasgow Central. The station is managed by ScotRail and is served by trains on the Glasgow South Western Line. The overline station building was removed during the late 1990s. The overbridge (Titwood Road) was rebuilt during 2006. On 6 October 2012, a Highland cow escaped the nearby Pollok Country Park and walked the rail line to this station, where it was captured and returned. Services The station is served by trains on both the and lines, with a half-hourly frequency to each (one Barrhead service per hour extends to Kilmarnock, with 1 per day extended to Dumfries). This gives the station four departures each hour to , these tend to be at 10, 20, 40 and 50 minutes past the hour, give or take a couple of minutes. Evening service is\n\nAberdeen (Lakota: Abl\u00edla) is a city in and the county seat of Brown County, South Dakota, United States, located approximately northeast of Pierre. The city population was 28,495 at the 2020 census, making it the third most populous city in the state after Sioux Falls and Rapid City. Aberdeen is home of Northern State University. History Settlement Before Aberdeen or Brown County was inhabited by European settlers, it was inhabited by the Sioux Indians from approximately 1700 to 1879. Europeans entered the region for business, founding fur trading posts during the 1820s; these trading posts operated until the mid-1830s. The first \"settlers\" of this region were the Arikara Indians, but they would later be joined by others. The first group of Euro-American settlers to reach the area that is now Brown County was a party of four people, three horses, two mules, fifteen cattle, and two wagons. This group of\n\nQuestion: Define Crossmyloof railway station.", "output": "Crossmyloof railway station is a railway station serving the areas of Crossmyloof and Shawlands in Glasgow, Scotland, located  from Glasgow Central."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Rhythm Pigs were an American punk band, originally from El Paso, Texas, United States, later relocated to San Francisco. Their first two albums were among the first to be released by the influential independent Mordam Records label. Their first 7-inch EP is a classic example of early hardcore, welding driving rock and roll with broad melodies and varied tempos and hooks. Their first two studio albums showed more \"big tent\" punk, with varied musical styles (such as the foray into rap in \"Break or We'll Break Your Face\" on their self-titled LP) happily shoehorned into melodic punk songs. Touring extensively throughout Europe and North America throughout the mid-1980s, the Rhythm Pigs were one of the most sophisticated and musically diverse hardcore bands, and remained so throughout the 1980s as hardcore became more and more musically conservative. That the wistful and melodic power-ballads of El Paso would not be considered\n\nThe Louisiana Derby is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race run annually at the Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans, Louisiana. Run in late March, the race is open to horses, age three, willing to race miles on the dirt. It currently offers a purse of $1,000,000. The Louisiana Derby is one of the major prep races on the Road to the Kentucky Derby. Race history The first race at the \"Louisiana Race Course\", now the Fair Grounds Race Course took place spring 1838, proprietors Bernard de Marigny, Julius C. Branch, and Henry Augustine Tayloe \u2013 son leading turfman John Tayloe III founder of the Washington (DC) Jockey Club (1789) \u2013 offered on the fifth race day \"The Louisiana Plate.\" A race was held in 1894 and called the Crescent City Derby. The race was later renamed in honor of Fair Grounds' home state, Louisiana. Two winners of\n\nPyrophytes are plants which have adapted to tolerate fire. Fire acts favourably for some species. \"Passive pyrophytes\" resist the effects of fire, particularly when it passes over quickly, and hence can out-compete less resistant plants, which are damaged. \"Active pyrophytes\" have a similar competing advantage to passive pyrophytes, but they also contain volatile oils and hence encourage the incidence of fires which are beneficial to them. \"Pyrophile\" plants are plants which require fire in order to complete their cycle of reproduction. Passive pyrophytes These resist fire with adaptations including thick bark, tissue with high moisture content, or underground storage structures. Examples include: Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) Giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) Cork oak (Quercus suber) Niaouli (Melaleuca quinquenervia) which is extending in areas where bush fires are a mode of clearing (e.g. New Caledonia). Venus fly trap (Dionaea muscipula) \u2013 this grows low to the ground in\n\nQuestion: What is Louisiana Derby", "output": "The Louisiana Derby is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race run annually at the Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans, Louisiana."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jimmy Orr (October 4, 1935 \u2013 October 27, 2020) was an American professional football player who was a wide receiver for the Pittsburgh Steelers and Baltimore Colts for 13 seasons from 1958 to 1970 in the National Football League (NFL). Orr was a two-time Pro Bowler with the Steelers in 1959 and the Colts in 1965. He was a popular player during his time in Baltimore and the corner of the end zone in Memorial Stadium where he caught many of his passes was nicknamed \"Orrsville.\" Orr played college football at the University of Georgia and was chosen UPI NFL Rookie of the Year in 1958 with 33 receptions for 910 yards and seven touchdowns. His 910 yards stood as a franchise rookie record until 2017 when the total was surpassed by JuJu Smith-Schuster. Orr's three touchdowns and 205 yards in the season finale against the Chicago Cardinals remain Steelers\n\nAndrew Latimer (born 17 May 1949) is an English musician and composer. He is a founding member of the progressive rock band Camel and the only member who has been with them since their formation in 1971. Best known as a guitarist and singer, Latimer is a flautist and keyboardist as well. Career Along with partner Susan Hoover, Latimer relocated to America where they established a music production company named Camel Productions to release Camel's new studio albums: Dust and Dreams (1991), Harbour of Tears (1996), Rajaz (1999) and A Nod and a Wink (2002) as well as a host of \"Official Bootlegs\" on CD. The band went on the road in 1992, 1997, 2000, 2001, and 2003. They released their first full concert DVD in 1997 titled Coming of Age which began a series of subsequent DVD releases. In mid-2006, Latimer and Hoover returned to the UK and established\n\nAtlin/\u00c1a Tlein T\u00e9ix'i Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. Situated in the remote northwestern corner of the province, the park protects large tracts of boreal forest, alpine tundra and glaciated terrain. The southern third of Atlin Lake, the largest natural body of freshwater in the province, is within the park boundary. The park is very undeveloped; no roads traverse it and no facilities, supplies, developed campsites or maintained hiking trails are available inside the park. The area has become a focal point in controversies involving proposed hydroelectric projects affecting Atlin Lake and environmental groups who view these proposals as potentially damaging to the lake's environment and its surroundings. History Atlin is an anglicization of \u00c1a Tlein, the Tlingit word for \"big body of water\". The area has been used by the Taku River Tlingit for many years as attested to by artifacts discovered at nearly 40\n\nQuestion: What's Jimmy Orr?", "output": "Jimmy Orr was an American professional football player who was a wide receiver for the Pittsburgh Steelers and Baltimore Colts for 13 seasons from 1958 to 1970 in the National Football League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sergeant Man is a fell in the English Lake District. It is properly a secondary summit of High Raise, but is given a separate chapter by Alfred Wainwright in his third Pictorial Guide nonetheless, as it \"is so prominent an object and offers so compelling a challenge\". Its rocky cone is indeed in great contrast to the grassy dome of High Raise. Topography Sergeant Man lies a third of a mile to the south east of the parent fell and is the pivotal point for a complex system of ridges radiating eastward from High Raise. Sergeant Man is not actually visible from the peak of High Raise and Sergeant Man only comes into view as you gently descend from High Raise. South east, passing between Codale and Stickle Tarns is the broad spur leading to Blea Rigg, Silver How and Loughrigg. Sitting above Codale Tarn is the rocky subsidiary top\n\nJack the Lad were a British folk rock group from North East England formed in 1973 by three former members of the most successful band of the period from the region, Lindisfarne. They moved from the progressive folk rock of Lindisfarne into much more traditional territory and were in the mid-1970s something of a northern counterpart to bands like Fairport Convention. They have also been seen as part of an important roots movement, rediscovering traditional Northumbrian music. History Origins After two highly successful albums, Lindisfarne's third album Dingly Dell (1972) was a commercial and critical failure and the band split with main songwriter Alan Hull going off to perform solo projects and eventually reforming Lindisfarne with a new line-up later that year. The remaining members: Rod Clements (bass, violin, guitar, vocals), Simon Cowe (guitar, mandolin, banjo, vocals), and Ray Laidlaw (drums) formed Jack the Lad with future Lindisfarne member Billy\n\nThe Juno Award for Alternative Album of the Year is presented annually at Canada's Juno Awards to honour the best album of the year in the alternative rock and/or indie rock genres. The award was first presented in 1995 under the name Best Alternative Album, and adopted its current name in 2003. Achievements Arcade Fire and July Talk have won the award three times to date, while Broken Social Scene, Metric, Alvvays and Rufus Wainwright have won the award twice each. In addition to Broken Social Scene's wins as a band, three members have also won the award for separate projects \u2014 Emily Haines and James Shaw have also won the award twice with their band Metric, and Leslie Feist has won for a solo album. Arcade Fire have been nominated for the award four times overall, while Broken Social Scene, Metric, Stars, Chad VanGaalen, Tegan and Sara and July\n\nQuestion: What is Juno Award for Alternative Album of the Year", "output": "The Juno Award for Alternative Album of the Year is presented annually at Canada's Juno Awards to honour the best album of the year in the alternative rock and/or indie rock genres."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In mathematics, in the area of complex analysis, the general difference polynomials are a polynomial sequence, a certain subclass of the Sheffer polynomials, which include the Newton polynomials, Selberg's polynomials, and the Stirling interpolation polynomials as special cases. Definition The general difference polynomial sequence is given by where is the binomial coefficient. For , the generated polynomials are the Newton polynomials The case of generates Selberg's polynomials, and the case of generates Stirling's interpolation polynomials. Moving differences Given an analytic function , define the moving difference of f as where is the forward difference operator. Then, provided that f obeys certain summability conditions, then it may be represented in terms of these polynomials as The conditions for summability (that is, convergence) for this sequence is a fairly complex topic; in general, one may say that a necessary condition is that the analytic function be of less than exponential type. Summability\n\nCarl Heinrich von Siemens (often just Carl von Siemens) (3 March 1829 \u2013 21 March 1906) was a German entrepreneur. He was born in Menzendorf, Mecklenburg, one of the fourteen children of a tenant farmer of the Siemens family, an old family of Goslar, documented since 1384. He was a brother of Ernst Werner von Siemens and William Siemens, sons of Christian Ferdinand Siemens (31 July 1787 \u2013 16 January 1840) and wife Eleonore Deichmann (1792 \u2013 8 July 1839). They had two more brothers, Hans Siemens (1818\u20131867) and Friedrich August Siemens (December 8, 1828-May 24, 1904), married and father to Friedrich Carl Siemens (6 January 1877 \u2013 25 June 1952 in Berlin), married on May 22, 1920 in Berlin to Melanie Bertha Gr\u00e4fin Yorck von Wartenburg (1 February 1899 in Klein Oels \u2013 15 May 1950 in Berlin) (the parents of Heinrich Werner Andreas Siemens (born 28 September 1921)\n\nHyacinthoides italica, the Italian bluebell or Italian squill, is a spring-flowering bulbous perennial plant belonging to the family Asparagaceae. It is one of around 11 species in the genus Hyacinthoides, others including the common bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) in northwestern Europe, and the Spanish bluebell (Hyacinthoides hispanica) further west in the Iberian Peninsula. Description Hyacinthoides italica is up to tall. The stem is leafless. It has 3-6 basal lance-shaped leaves, wide and long. The inflorescence is a dense, conical or pyramid-like raceme with 5-30 bright violet-blue star-like flowers. The flowers have two narrow bracts. Flowering period extends from February to May. It is in some respects intermediate between the common and Spanish species in having slender leaves (as in H. non-scripta or even slenderer), but a dense raceme of flowers (as in H. hispanica; not sparse and one-sided as in H. non-scripta). Hyacinthoides italica is used as an ornamental plant. It\n\nQuestion: Define Difference polynomials.", "output": "In mathematics, in the area of complex analysis, the general difference polynomials are a polynomial sequence, a certain subclass of the Sheffer polynomials, which include the Newton polynomials, Selberg's polynomials, and the Stirling interpolation polynomials as special cases."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "James Fenner (January 22, 1771April 17, 1846) was an American politician who served as a United States Senator as well as the 7th, 11th and 17th Governor of Rhode Island (on three occasions). He was the son of Arthur Fenner, the fourth governor of Rhode Island. Biography Fenner was born in Providence in the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. He graduated from Brown University in 1789, and was married to Sarah Whipple Jenckes (his first cousin, once removed) on November 17, 1792. He served as United States senator from 1805 to 1807, then gave up his senatorship to become Governor of Rhode Island, two years after his father died in office. Fenner served as governor from 1807 to 1811, from 1824 to 1831, and from 1843 to 1845. Fenner was elected to his first two terms as a Democratic-Republican and as his third term as a member of\n\nSoftball was on the Olympic programme from 1996 to 2008. It was introduced at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and was removed from the programme for 2012 and 2016, but was added for a one-off appearance, along with baseball, for the 2020 Summer Olympics (which was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic). Olympic softball is governed by the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC). Softball, the Olympic program and Olympic recognition Early attempts for Olympic inclusion During the 1940s, Americans and Japanese were making the first overtures to get softball included on the Olympic programme. This effort was led by the American softball association and Jiro Iwano, Vice President of the Japanese Olympic Committee and President of the Japanese Softball Association. There were efforts to get softball on the Olympic program during the 1950s. In 1950, the Softball Association of America sent letters to national organisations asking for assistance in\n\nSherwin Campbell Badger (August 29, 1901 \u2013 April 8, 1972) was an American figure skater who competed in singles and pairs. He earned the men's titles at the U.S. Figure Skating Championships from 1920 through 1924. He also captured the pairs gold medal with partner Beatrix Loughran three times, and the pair won the silver medal at the 1932 Winter Olympics. Prior to pairing with Loughran, he competed first with Clara Frothingham and later with Edith Rotch. After his competitive career ended, he was a skating judge and the head of the U.S. Figure Skating Association. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on August 29, 1901, and died on April 8, 1972, in Sherborn, Massachusetts. In his private life, Badger was briefly married to Mary Bancroft also from the City of Boston, Massachusetts. He graduated from Harvard University in 1923. Results Men's singles Pairs with Frothingham with Rotch with Loughran\n\nQuestion: What is Softball at the Summer Olympics", "output": "Softball was on the Olympic programme from 1996 to 2008."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bold text Squidoo was a revenue-sharing article-writing site. Articles were called \"lenses\". In 2010, the site consisted of 1.5 million lenses . On August 15, 2014, founder Seth Godin announced that HubPages had acquired Squidoo. History Development started in 2005. The launch team consisted of Seth Godin, his book editor Megan Casey, former Fast Company employee Heath Row, Corey Brown, and Gil Hildebrand, Jr. The first version was developed by Viget Labs. Site structure Squidoo was a user-generated Web site which allowed users to create multimedia pages without an understanding of HTML. Godin called articles \"lenses\", because he saw them as \"[focusing] light and [showing] us what we need to see.\" Writers were called \"lensmasters\". In Squidoo's early stages, Godin noted that Martha Stewart and Jane Goodall's lenses did not receive large amounts of traffic, whereas lenses on myspace and the online game Line Rider were among the site's most\n\nThe Yale-Myers Forest is a 7,800-acre (32 km2) forest in Northeastern Connecticut owned by Yale University and administered by the Yale School of the Environment. Located in the towns of Union, Ashford, Eastford, and Woodstock, the forest is reputed to be the largest private landholding in the state. The Yale-Myers Forest is managed according to a philosophy of multiple uses, with scientific research and teaching balanced with commercial timber production. The forest is traversed by the hiking path known as the Nipmuck Trail; this route is the only public access allowed except for permitted hunting in season. The Yale-Myers Forest is a component of the Yale Forests system, which also includes the 1,100-acre (4.5 km2) Yale-Toumey Forest in the towns of Swanzey and Keene in New Hampshire, and the 462-acre (1.9 km2) Bowen Forest in Mount Holly, Vermont. Boston Hollow is part of the Yale-Myers Forest. See also Quiet Corner\n\nStephen Dean Bardo (born April 5, 1968) is an American retired professional basketball player who played 3 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is currently a college basketball analyst. Basketball career During his standout career at the University of Illinois, 6'5\" Bardo scored 909 points and compiled 495 assists. He was part of the Flyin' Illini team that qualified for the 1989 NCAA men's basketball tournament Final Four. That Fighting Illini team gained the moniker \"Flyin' Illini\" by Dick Vitale while broadcasting a game during the 1988\u201389 season. Bardo was named Big Ten defensive player of the year in 1989. Along with Bardo, the other starting members of that team included Nick Anderson, Kendall Gill, Lowell Hamilton, Kenny Battle, and key reserve Marcus Liberty. Bardo was selected in the 1990 NBA draft by the Atlanta Hawks, but never played for the team, playing one game (one minute) with\n\nQuestion: Who is Stephen Bardo?", "output": "Stephen Dean Bardo is an American retired professional basketball player who played 3 seasons in the National Basketball Association."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jahtari is a netlabel, founded in 2004 by Jan Gleichmar aka \"disrupt\". Unlike most netlabels, it focuses on the dub and reggae music genres, with an electronic music approach which it calls \"digital laptop reggae\". According to The List, \"the name is an amalgam of \u2018Jah\u2019 and \u2018Atari\u2019, and a similar lo-fi 8-bit aesthetic informs their branding and design.\" From their site: \"We are a small record label based in Leipzig/Germany and we produce a kind of music here which we call - for the lack of a better term - DIGITAL LAPTOP REGGAE (DLR).This means nothing else but that we produce first and above all REGGAE music (or DUB) in its classical sense, which in itself is nothing new, but since we're having a background of mostly electronic music we're doing this with the only tool that is obvious to use for that purpose - a COMPUTER, and a\n\nIn number theory, a polite number is a positive integer that can be written as the sum of two or more consecutive positive integers. A positive integer which is not polite is called impolite. The impolite numbers are exactly the powers of two, and the polite numbers are the natural numbers that are not powers of two. Polite numbers have also been called staircase numbers because the Young diagrams which represent graphically the partitions of a polite number into consecutive integers (in the French notation of drawing these diagrams) resemble staircases. If all numbers in the sum are strictly greater than one, the numbers so formed are also called trapezoidal numbers because they represent patterns of points arranged in a trapezoid. The problem of representing numbers as sums of consecutive integers and of counting the number of representations of this type has been studied by Sylvester, Mason, Leveque, and many\n\nSuzanne Rossell Cryer (born January 13, 1967) is an American actress known for her roles as Ashley on the ABC sitcom Two Guys and a Girl and as Laurie Bream on the HBO original series Silicon Valley. She featured in \"The Yada Yada\", an award-winning and fan favorite episode of Seinfeld. She has also performed on Broadway. Early life Cryer was born in Rochester, New York. She graduated from Greenwich High School in Greenwich, Connecticut in 1984 and then attended Yale University, where she attained a degree in English literature. She went on to study for a master's degree from the Yale School of Drama. During this time she spent a summer performing at the Utah Shakespeare Festival where her roles included Rosalind in As You Like It, and Anne in Richard III. Career After graduation, she appeared at Hartford Stage in The Rivals, Baltimore Center Stage in \"Don Juan\"\n\nQuestion: Who was Suzanne Cryer?", "output": "Suzanne Rossell Cryer is an American actress known for her roles as Ashley on the ABC sitcom Two Guys and a Girl and as Laurie Bream on the HBO original series Silicon Valley."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "C-slow retiming is a technique used in conjunction with retiming to improve throughput of a digital circuit. Each register in a circuit is replaced by a set of C registers (in series). This creates a circuit with C independent threads, as if the new circuit contained C copies of the original circuit. A single computation of the original circuit takes C times as many clock cycles to compute in the new circuit. C-slowing by itself increases latency, but throughput remains the same. Increasing the number of registers allows optimization of the circuit through retiming to reduce the clock period of the circuit. In the best case, the clock period can be reduced by a factor of C. Reducing the clock period of the circuit reduces latency and increases throughput. Thus, for computations that can be multi-threaded, combining C-slowing with retiming can increase the throughput of the circuit, with little, or\n\nJack Hirschman (December 13, 1933 \u2013 August 22, 2021) was an American poet and social activist who wrote more than 100 volumes of poetry and essays. Biography Hirschman was born in New York City to a Russian Jewish family. He received a B.A. from the City College of New York in 1955 and an M.A. (1957) and Ph.D. (1961) from Indiana University. While attending City College, he worked as a copy boy for the Associated Press. When he was 19, he sent a story to Ernest Hemingway, who responded: \"I can't help you, kid. You write better than I did when I was 19. But the hell of it is, you write like me. That is no sin. But you won't get anywhere with it.\" Hirschman left a copy of the letter with the Associated Press, and when Hemingway killed himself in 1961, the \"Letter to a Young Writer\" was\n\nRocourt () is a former municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2018 the former municipality of Rocourt merged into the municipality of Haute-Ajoie. History Rocourt is first mentioned in 1148 as Rocort. Geography Rocourt has an area of . Of this area, or 59.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 36.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 4.7% is settled (buildings or roads). Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.6%. Out of the forested land, 31% of the total land area is heavily forested and 5% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 21% is used for growing crops and 35% is pastures and 3% is used for alpine pastures. The municipality is located in the Porrentruy district. The village\n\nQuestion: Define Rocourt, Jura.", "output": "Rocourt is a former municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ilpendam is a village in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. It is a part of the municipality of Waterland, and lies about 4 km south of Purmerend. It covers an area of 2.46 km2 (0.95 sq mi) and had 1,780 inhabitants in 2008. Ilpendam was part of the Free and high Lordship of Purmerend, Purmerland and Ilpendam. History The village was first mentioned in 1408 as Ypeldamme, and means \"dam in the Ilp river\". Ilpendam developed in the 12th century at the mouth of the Ilp as a linear settlement. The Dutch Reformed church is a single aisled church built in 1656 to replace the medieval church burnt down in 1640. The tower was built in 1855. The man standing highlighted at centre on Rembrandts Night Watch painting is Frans Banning Cocq. He was Mayor of Amsterdam, Lord of Purmerland and Ilpendam and Lord of Ilpenstein castle. Ilpendam was\n\nPatrik Antonius (born 13 December 1980) is a Finnish professional poker player, former tennis player and coach, and model from Vantaa, Finland. He currently resides in Monte Carlo. Antonius was mentored by poker pro Marcel L\u00fcske as a member of Luske's \"Circle of Outlaws\" and later advised by Jennifer Harman. Antonius has two children. Poker career Antonius began making a name for himself on the poker tournament circuit with two finishes near the final table of a European Poker Tour (EPT) event and a World Poker Tour (WPT) event, 12th at the EPT PokerStars Caribbean Adventure, then 15th at the WPT Bay 101 Shooting Stars event two months later, in early 2005. He went on to finish in the money in three events of the 2005 World Series of Poker (WSOP). In September 2005 he made the European Poker Tour (EPT) Main Event final table, finishing 3rd in Barcelona. The\n\nVouzela () is a municipality in the district Viseu in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 10,564, in an area of 193.69 km2. The present mayor is Rui Ladeira, elected by the Social Democratic Party. The municipal holiday is May 14. Parishes Administratively, the municipality is divided into 9 civil parishes (freguesias): Alcofra Cambra e Carvalhal de Vermilhas Campia Fataun\u00e7os e Figueiredo das Donas Fornelo do Monte Queir\u00e3 S\u00e3o Miguel do Mato Ventosa Vouzela e Pa\u00e7os de Vilharigues Notable people Giles of Santar\u00e9m (ca.1185 \u2013 1265) a Portuguese-Dominican scholar. Jo\u00e3o Ramalho (1493-1582) a Portuguese explorer and adventurer. Sim\u00e3o Rodrigues (1510-1579) a Portuguese-Jesuit priest and one of the co-founders of the Society of Jesus. Paulo Alexandre (born 1931) a Portuguese singer. Lu\u00eds Miguel Silva Tavares (born 1974) known as Lu\u00eds Vouzela, a retired footballer with 510 club caps References External links Town Hall official website Photos from Vouzela Towns in Portugal\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Ilpendam is.", "output": "Ilpendam is a village in the province of North Holland, Netherlands."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Darge\u00e7it () is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 519 km2, and its population is 27,147 (2022). The town is principally populated by Kurds of the Erebiyan tribe. History In the nineteenth century, all the urban settlements in this zone, including Midyat and Kerboran, as well as Mardin and a lot of villages around them and in the Tur Abdin area were populated by Assyrians. The district Darge\u00e7it was established in 1987. Since the 2013 administrative reform, Darge\u00e7it is a metropolitan district and municipality. Prior to the reform, the district comprised the main town of Darge\u00e7it (four neighbourhoods: Bah\u00e7eba\u015f\u0131, Safa, Saray and Tepeba\u015f\u0131), two towns (K\u0131lavuz and S\u00fcmer), thirty-six villages and twenty-six hamlets. Composition There are 41 neighbourhoods in Darge\u00e7it District: Ak\u00e7ak\u00f6y () Akyol () Alayunt () Alt\u0131noluk () Alt\u0131yol () Ba\u011f\u00f6z\u00fc () Bah\u00e7eba\u015f\u0131 Batur () Baysun () Be\u011fendi () Belen () Bostanl\u0131 () \u00c7atalan\n\nEmperor Jianwen of Liang (\u6881\u7c21\u6587\u5e1d; 2 December 503 \u2013 551), personal name Xiao Gang (\u856d\u7db1), courtesy name Shizuan (\u4e16\u7e98), childhood name Liutong (\u516d\u901a), was an emperor of the Chinese Liang Dynasty. He was initially not the crown prince of his father Emperor Wu, the founder of the dynasty, but became the crown prince in 531 after his older brother Xiao Tong died. In 549, the rebellious general Hou Jing captured the capital Jiankang, and Hou subsequently held both Emperor Wu and Crown Prince Gang under his power, having Crown Prince Gang take the throne (as Emperor Jianwen) after Emperor Wu's death later that year. During Emperor Jianwen's reign, he was almost completely under Hou's control, and in 551, Hou, planning to take the throne himself, first forced Emperor Jianwen to yield the throne to his grandnephew Xiao Dong the Prince of Yuzhang, and then sent messengers to suffocate the former\n\nMichael Paul Brey (born March 22, 1959) is an American basketball assistant coach for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association. He was previously the men's head basketball coach at the University of Notre Dame. Brey served as the coach for 23 seasons from his hiring in 2000 until his resignation at the end of the 2022\u201323 season. Early life and education Brey, the son of Olympic swimmer Betty Brey, graduated from DeMatha Catholic High School in Hyattsville, Maryland in 1977. As a two-year letter winner under coach Morgan Wootten, Brey helped the team to a 55\u20139 mark. He enrolled at Northwestern State University, where he played varsity basketball for three years (1977\u20131980). He played one season at George Washington in 1981\u201382 after sitting out the 1980\u201381 season as a transfer. He served as team captain and was named most valuable player with 5.0 points and 4.8 rebounds per\n\nQuestion: Who is Mike Brey?", "output": "Michael Paul Brey is an American basketball assistant coach for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Adam James Bergen (born September 3, 1983) is a former American football tight end. He was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at Lehigh. Bergen has also been a member of the Dallas Cowboys, Baltimore Ravens and Denver Broncos. Professional career Arizona Cardinals Undrafted in the 2005 NFL Draft, Bergen signed with the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent. In 2005, he played in all 16 games the Cardinals that year, starting nine, and caught 28 passes for 270 yards and one touchdown. In 2006, he played in 14 games, starting seven, and caught 15 passes for 111 yards and one touchdown. He was placed on the IR after week 14 due to a knee injury. Dallas Cowboys In the 2007 offseason, Bergen signed with the Dallas Cowboys. He was released on September 1 prior to the regular season\n\nVolsk () is a town in Saratov Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volga River, opposite the mouth of the Bolshoy Irgiz (a tributary of the Volga), northeast from Saratov, the administrative center of the oblast. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 66,508. History It was founded in 1699 as the sloboda of Malykovka () and was granted town status and renamed Volgsk () in 1780. In the 19th century, the name gradually changed to a more pronounceable \"Volsk\". After the October Revolution of 1917, Volsk became a major center of cement production. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Volsk serves as the administrative center of Volsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is, together with the work settlement of Kleny and three rural localities, incorporated separately as the town of oblast\n\nThe Buick Bengal was a concept roadster designed and built by Buick. It was first shown to the public at the 2001 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan. History The Bengal was an attempt to rejuvenate the Buick line, and make it seem more appealing to younger people. It was powered by a supercharged 3.4L V6, which was mated to a six speed manual transmission. The transmission was mounted ahead of the engine, to allow a more forward placement of the front wheels to improve handling. Though a 2-seater roadster in general design, the rear decklid can be lifted to reveal two extra seats. One of the most desirable features of the Bengal is its voice activated controls. The car is able to distinguish over 100 commands given to it by voice, which can operate various things from the headlights, windshield wipers, and convertible top, to the heater,\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Adam Bergen.", "output": "Adam James Bergen is a former American football tight end."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dean Charles Blais (born January 18, 1951) is an American ice hockey coach. He was the head coach of the Omaha Mavericks, the men's team of the University of Nebraska Omaha, and also head coach of the United States men's national junior ice hockey team. He led Team USA to a gold medal in the IIHF 2010 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in Saskatoon, Canada, held in late December 2009 through early January 2010. He is the former associate coach of the NHL's Columbus Blue Jackets. He led the University of North Dakota Fighting Sioux (now Fighting Hawks) men's hockey team to NCAA Division I championships in 1997 and 2000. Blais also has two other appearances in the Frozen Four, the semifinal round of the NCAA tournament\u2014with North Dakota in 2001 (losing in the championship game) and Omaha in 2015 (losing in the semifinals). Blais also led the 1990 Roseau\n\nThe Wards Island Bridge, also known as the 103rd Street Footbridge, is a bridge crossing the Harlem River between Manhattan Island and Wards Island in the Manhattan borough of New York City that does not allow vehicular traffic. The vertical lift bridge has a total of twelve spans consisting of steel towers and girders. It carries only pedestrian and bicycle traffic. On the Manhattan side of the river, the bridge is located at East 103rd Street, between Exits 14 and 15 of the FDR Drive. The bridge is accessible from the East River Greenway and a pedestrian overpass across the FDR Drive to the East River Houses apartment complex in East Harlem. The bridge connects to the southwestern corner of Wards Island and provides access to the many playing fields and scenic waterfront of Randall's Island and Wards Island Parks. Wards Island Bridge is open to pedestrians and cyclists 24\n\nJan W\u0119\u017cyk (1575\u20131638), of W\u0105\u017c Coat of Arms, was a Polish noble and Roman Catholic bishop and Primate of Poland. Biography Jan W\u0119\u017cyk was born in Wola W\u0119\u017cykowa, Poland in 1575. In 1619, he was selected by the King of Poland as Bishop of Przemy\u015bl and confirmed by Pope Paul V on 17 Feb 1620. Later in 1620, he was consecrated bishop by Wawrzyniec Gembicki, Archbishop of Gniezno. On 13 May 1624, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Urban VIII as Bishop of Pozna\u0144 and installed on 1 Jul 1624. In 1626, he was selected by the King of Poland as Archbishop of Gniezno and Primate of Poland and confirmed by Pope Urban VIII on 22 Mar 1627. He served as interrex (for 9 months) after the death of king Sigismund III Vasa in 1632, before the royal election of W\u0142adys\u0142aw IV Waza. As the interrerx he supported\n\nQuestion: What's Wards Island Bridge?", "output": "The Wards Island Bridge, also known as the 103rd Street Footbridge, is a bridge crossing the Harlem River between Manhattan Island and Wards Island in the Manhattan borough of New York City that does not allow vehicular traffic."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Backgammon is a two-player board game played with counters and dice on tables boards. It is the most widespread Western member of the large family of tables games, whose ancestors date back nearly 5,000 years to the regions of Mesopotamia and Persia. The earliest record of backgammon itself dates to 17th-century England, being descended from the 16th-century game of Irish. Backgammon is a two-player game of contrary movement in which each player has fifteen pieces known traditionally as men (short for 'tablemen'), but increasingly known as 'checkers' in the US in recent decades, analogous to the other board game of Checkers. The backgammon table pieces move along twenty-four 'points' according to the roll of two dice. The objective of the game is to move the fifteen pieces around the board and be first to bear off, i.e., remove them from the board. The achievement of this while the opponent is\n\nThe Indira Sagar Dam is the largest dam in India, in terms of volume of water stored in the reservoir. It is located on the Narmada River at the town of Narmada Nagar, Punasa in the Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh in India. The foundation stone of the project was laid by the prime minister of India Indira Gandhi on 23 October 1984. The construction of the main dam started in 1992. The downstream projects of ISP are Omkareshwar, Maheshwar, and Sardar Sarovar Project. To build it, a town of 22,000 people and 100 villages was displaced. The Project involved construction of a 92 m high and 653 m long concrete gravity dam. It provides irrigation to 1,230 square kilometres of land with annual production of 2.7 billion units in the districts of Khandwa and Khargone in Madhya Pradesh, and power generation of 1,000 MW (8x125 MW) installed capacity. In\n\nDorothy Tennov (August 29, 1928 \u2013 February 3, 2007) was an American psychologist who, in her 1979 book Love and Limerence \u2013 the Experience of Being in Love introduced the term \"limerence\". During her years of research into romantic love experiences, she obtained thousands of personal testimonies from questionnaires, interviews, and letters from readers of her writing, in an attempt to support her hypothesis that a distinct and involuntary psychological state occurs identically among otherwise normal persons across cultures, educational level, gender, and other traits. Tennov emphasized that her data consist entirely of verbal reports by volunteers who reported their love experiences. About Dorothy Tennov was born in Montgomery County, Alabama. She received her bachelor's degree from Brooklyn College and a Ph.D. from the University of Connecticut. Tennov was a professor of psychology at the University of Bridgeport for twenty years. In addition to being a professor of psychology she\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Backgammon is.", "output": "Backgammon is a two-player board game played with counters and dice on tables boards."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Broken Allegiance is a fan film that made its debut on the internet in April 2002, created by Australian fans of the Star Wars franchise. It is a live-action drama set in the Star Wars universe, taking place a few weeks between the events in A New Hope and The Empire Strikes Back. It tells the story of two Sith apprentices, Ruan and Calis, who have escaped the Empire by fleeing Coruscant in a stolen transport. They must fight for their freedom when Darth Vader sends the vicious bounty hunter Korbain Thor to track them down. The film started pre-production in January 2001, and was shot both in studio and on locations around Melbourne in Victoria, Australia. Broken Allegiance cost approximately to make, mostly spent on raw materials for sets, props, costumes, catering and equipment rental to make the film. The film was made entirely with volunteer cast and crew.\n\nKarl Franz Otto Dziatzko (27 January 1842 - 13 January 1903, G\u00f6ttingen) was a German librarian and scholar, born in Neustadt, Silesia. Biography From 1859 to 1863 he studied classical philology at the universities of Breslau and Bonn. At Bonn, he was influenced by philologist Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschl and worked as an assistant at the university library. In 1863, he received his doctorate with a thesis on the prologues of Plautus and Terence. Following graduation, he worked as a schoolteacher in Opole and then in Lucerne (from 1865). In 1871, he became head librarian at the University of Freiburg, where he also obtained his habilitation the same year. After a brief stint as a schoolteacher in Karlsruhe, he was appointed director of the university library at Breslau (1872). Here, he headed a comprehensive reorganization of the library that included rules for a new alphabetical card catalog that became a model\n\nAlpha Centauri (\u03b1 Centauri, Alpha Cen, or \u03b1 Cen) is a triple star system in the southern constellation of Centaurus. It consists of three stars: Rigil Kentaurus (Alpha Centauri A), Toliman (B) and Proxima Centauri (C). Proxima Centauri is the closest star to the Sun at 4.2465 light-years (1.3020 pc). Alpha Centauri A and B are Sun-like stars (Class G and K, respectively), and together form the binary star system Alpha Centauri AB. To the naked eye, the two main components appear to be a single star with an apparent magnitude of \u22120.27. It is the brightest star in the constellation and the third-brightest in the night sky, outshone only by Sirius and Canopus. Alpha Centauri A has 1.1 times the mass and 1.5 times the luminosity of the Sun, while Alpha Centauri B is smaller and cooler, at 0.9 solar mass and less than 0.5 solar luminosity. The pair\n\nQuestion: Who is Karl Franz Otto Dziatzko", "output": "Karl Franz Otto Dziatzko was a German librarian and scholar, born in Neustadt, Silesia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Matthew Edward Diaz ( ; born March 3, 1978) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Kansas City Royals, Atlanta Braves, Pittsburgh Pirates and Miami Marlins. Amateur career As a two-year starter at Florida State University, Diaz helped lead the Seminoles to two College World Series appearances, including the title game vs. the University of Miami. He was named the Sporting News man of the Year in , and a First Team All-American (American Baseball Coaches Association, National Baseball College Writers' Association) in 1999. Professional career Tampa Bay Devil Rays He was drafted by the Tampa Bay Devil Rays in the 1999 Major League Baseball Draft in the 17th round. Despite being among the Devil Rays' minor league career leaders in hits and extra base hits, Diaz had a tough time in the majors, hitting only .167 in\n\nRyan Cross (born 6 October 1979) is a former Rugby Union footballer for Racing Metro 92 after signing from USA Perpignan in the French Top 14. He previously played for the Sydney Roosters in the National Rugby League (NRL) competition, the Western Force and the NSW Waratahs in Super Rugby and the Australia national rugby union team. Early life Son of former professional rugby league footballer Paul Cross, a Coogee Randwick Wombats junior who played on the for the club in the 1964 and 1965 seasons, Ryan was a product of Waverley College, and was a member of the Australian Schools side in both 1996 and 1997, some of his teammates being future Wallabies Matt Dunning, Adam Freier, David Lyons, George Smith, Phil Waugh and Craig Wing. But he decided to switch codes and joined the Sydney Roosters rugby league club. His brother Clay is an international shot put athlete.\n\nRobel Zeimichael Teklemariam (born September 16, 1974) is an Ethiopian cross-country skier who has competed since 2006. Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of 83rd in the 15 km event at Turin in 2006. At the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2007 in Sapporo, Teklemariam finished 74th in the individual sprint and 104th in the 15 km event. His best career finish was 25th in a lesser event at 15 km race in Switzerland in January 2010. Although he has lived in the United States since the age of 9, he has founded and heads the Ethiopian National Skiing Federation, and still speaks fluent Amharic. He has said that without the financial help of Ethiopians abroad, he would not have made it to February's games in Italy. He also admitted that he had no chance of winning medals in either event he has entered in, Alpine\n\nQuestion: Who is Robel Teklemariam?", "output": "Robel Zeimichael Teklemariam is an Ethiopian cross-country skier who has competed since 2006."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Saint Gabinus (commonly anglicized as Saint Gavin or Saint Gabin) is the title given to two personages. Saint Gabinus, who died as a martyr at Porto Torres, Sardinia, Italy (the ancient Turris) sometime in the second century under Emperor Hadrian. He was martyred alongside a Saint Crispulus. His feast day is 30 May, along with Crispulus, in the Roman Martyrology, the official though professedly incomplete list of saints recognized by the Roman Catholic Church. According to a twelfth-century Passio, Gabinus was a Roman soldier put in charge of a priest and a deacon imprisoned for their faith, they converted him to Christianity, and all three died as martyrs. Each year on 3 May three wooden statues representing the three martyrs are taken in procession from the Basilica of Saint Gabinus (Basilica di San Gavino), the largest and oldest of the Romanesque church of Sardinia, to a little church where there\n\nArbitration, in the context of the law of the United States, is a form of alternative dispute resolution. Specifically, arbitration is an alternative to litigation through which the parties to a dispute agree to submit their respective evidence and legal arguments to a neutral third party (the arbitrator(s) or arbiter(s)) for resolution. In practice arbitration is generally used as a substitute for litigation, particularly when the judicial process is perceived as too slow, expensive or biased. In some contexts, an arbitrator may be described as an umpire. Arbitration in the United States' most overarching clause is the Federal Arbitration Act (officially the United States Arbitration Act of 1925, commonly referred to as the FAA). The Act stipulates that arbitration in a majority of instances is legal when both parties, either after or prior to the arising of a dispute, agree to the arbitration. The Supreme Court has taken a pro-arbitration\n\nCaesium (IUPAC spelling; cesium in American English) is a chemical element with the symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-golden alkali metal with a melting point of , which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. Caesium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium. It is pyrophoric and reacts with water even at . It is the least electronegative element, with a value of 0.79 on the Pauling scale. It has only one stable isotope, caesium-133. Caesium is mined mostly from pollucite. Caesium-137, a fission product, is extracted from waste produced by nuclear reactors. It has the largest atomic radius of all elements whose radii have been measured or calculated, at about 260 picometers. The German chemist Robert Bunsen and physicist Gustav Kirchhoff discovered caesium in 1860 by the newly developed method\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Caesium is.", "output": "Caesium is a chemical element with the symbol Cs and atomic number 55."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Steven Meisel (born June 5, 1954) is an American fashion photographer, who obtained popularity and critical acclaim with his work in Vogue and Vogue Italia as well as his photographs of friend Madonna in her 1992 book, Sex. He is now considered one of the most successful fashion photographers in the industry. He used to work regularly for both US and Italian Vogue, and W (at the time also published by Cond\u00e9 Nast) and now exclusively for British Vogue. Early life Meisel was born in New York. He studied at the High School of Art and Design, where he attended different courses but, as affirmed in an interview with Ingrid Sischy for Vogue France, he finally majored in fashion illustration. From an early age, Meisel had a deep interest for fashion; he often preferred to sketch models while looking at fashion magazines rather than play with other things and soon\n\nSelective soldering is the process of selectively soldering components to printed circuit boards and molded modules that could be damaged by the heat of a reflow oven or wave soldering in a traditional surface-mount technology (SMT) or through-hole technology assembly processes. This usually follows an SMT oven reflow process; parts to be selectively soldered are usually surrounded by parts that have been previously soldered in a surface-mount reflow process, and the selective-solder process must be sufficiently precise to avoid damaging them. Processes Assembly processes used in selective soldering include: Selective aperture tooling over wave solder: These tools mask off areas previously soldered in the SMT reflow soldering process, exposing only those areas to be selectively soldered in the tool's aperture or window. The tool and printed circuit board (PCB) assembly are then passed over wave soldering equipment to complete the process. Each tool is specific to a PCB assembly. Mass\n\nAlexander Graham Bell (, born Alexander Bell; March 3, 1847 \u2013 August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born inventor, scientist and engineer who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone. He also co-founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885. Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf; profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone, on March 7, 1876. Bell considered his invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study. Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils, and aeronautics. Bell also had a strong influence on the National Geographic\n\nQuestion: Who is Alexander Graham Bell?", "output": "Alexander Graham Bell was a  Scottish-born inventor, scientist and engineer who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Eko is an Italian manufacturer of electric guitars, acoustic guitars and similar instruments, catering to professional level and manufacturing largely for export. It is located in Recanati, Marche. Products Guitars Their products include classical guitars, 12-string guitars, arch top guitars, electric guitars and acoustic bass guitars. Eko gained high popularity during the rock 'n' roll craze of the 1960s, becoming the largest guitar exporter in Europe. Their electric models were often highly ornamented with pearl, featured 3 or 4 pickups and recognizable \"rocker\" switches for pickup selection. The acoustic models were popular in country and folk rock bands of the late '60s. The best-known models of the '60s include: Eko 400 Ekomaster (Fender Jaguar shape with flat-top, Hagstr\u00f6m-style control panel), Eko 500 (Fender Jaguar lookalike), Eko 700 (original triple-cutaway design with \"hockey stick\" head), Eko 290 (also known as Eko Barracuda, semi-hollow flat-top electric), Eko Rokes (rocket-shaped electric, made popular\n\nThe Three-Country Cairn (, , , ) is the tripoint at which the international borders of Sweden, Norway and Finland meet, and the name of the monument that marks the point. It is the northernmost international tripoint in the world.The border between Norway and Sweden including Finland was decided in the Str\u00f6mstad Treaty of 1751 and marked with cairns the following years, including cairn 294 which is located on a hill 150 meters east of today's Three-Country Cairn. When Sweden ceded Finland to Russia in 1809, it was decided that the new Finland\u2013Sweden border should follow the rivers. But actually two rivers cross the Norwegian border and the northern river was originally used and then the tripoint was at . The tripoint had no mark for several years. It was decided in 1887 by the governments of Norway and Russia (which was administering Finland at the time) that the southern\n\nVitellogenin (VTG or less popularly known as VG) (from Latin vitellus, yolk, and genero, I produce) is a precursor of egg yolk that transports protein and some lipid from the liver through the blood to the growing oocytes where it becomes part of the yolk. Normally, it is only found in the blood or hemolymph of females, and can therefore be used as a biomarker in vertebrates of exposure to environmental estrogens which stimulate elevated levels in males as well as females. \"Vitellogenin\" is a synonymous term for the gene and the expressed protein. The protein product is classified as a glycolipoprotein, having properties of a sugar, fat and protein. It belongs to a family of several lipid transport proteins. Vitellogenin is an egg yolk precursor found in the females of nearly all oviparous species including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, most invertebrates, and monotremes. Vitellogenin is the precursor of the\n\nQuestion: What's Three-Country Cairn?", "output": "The Three-Country Cairn is the tripoint at which the international borders of Sweden, Norway and Finland meet, and the name of the monument that marks the point."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Ethnography Museum of Ankara is dedicated to the cultures of Turkic civilizations. The building was designed by architect Arif Hikmet Koyuno\u011flu and was built between 1925 and 1928. The museum temporarily hosted the sarcophagus of Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk from 1938 to 1953, during the period of the construction of An\u0131tkabir, his final resting place. Exhibitions The Ethnography Museum contains the following items: Examples of Turkish art from the Seljuk period to the present time. Folk clothes, ornaments, shoes, clogs collected from various regions of Anatolia, women's and men's socks from Sivas region, various pouches, laces, circles, piqu\u00e9s, napkins, bundles, bedspreads, bridal dresses, groom's shaving sets are all a part of old traditional Turkish art. A collection of carpets and rugs from the regions of U\u015fak, G\u00f6rdes, Bergama, Kula, Milas, Ladik, Karaman, Ni\u011fde, K\u0131r\u015fehir, which are among the centers of carpet weaving, with technical materials and patterns unique to the\n\nAlfonso Parcutt Steele (April 9, 1817 \u2013 July 8, 1911) was one of the last remaining survivors of the Battle of San Jacinto during the Texas Revolution, and second-to-last survivor of Sam Houston's Army. Life Alphonso (Often spelled \"Alfonso\" in Republic of Texas records) Steele was born in 1817 to Stephen Parcutt Steele and Susannah McCarty Steele, a pioneer family in Hardin County, Kentucky. His grandfather, Thomas Steele, a native of Dublin, Ireland, had served on the schooner \"General Putnam\" in defense of New York during the Revolutionary War and had settled in Kentucky with his family in 1798. At seventeen, Steele traveled to Lake Providence Louisiana, where he joined Captain Ephraim Daggett's volunteers bound for Texas in 1835. Upon arriving New Year's Day 1836 at Washington-on-Brazos, he found that Texas had not yet declared independence from Mexico. He worked at a local hotel and gristmill across from what would\n\nJohn Francis Rosenberger (November 30, 1918 in Richmond Hill, Queens \u2013 January 24, 1977), also occasionally credited as John Diehl, was an American comics artist and painter from after the Second World War until the mid-1970s. Educated at the Pratt Institute, he worked primarily in the romance and superhero genres of comics, with forays into many other subjects. Biography Early life (1918\u20131945) Rosenberger was born and grew up in the Richmond Hill neighborhood of Queens. During early childhood, he was bedridden for two years with scarlet fever. It was during this time he began to draw. His father, a printer, encouraged John's artistic ambitions, and recruited him to help at the print shop. John continued to draw, and took inspiration from such artists as Norman Rockwell, Alex Raymond, Hal Foster, and Milton Caniff. In 1938, Rosenberger enrolled in night classes at the Pratt Institute, where he met and started a\n\nQuestion: Define John Rosenberger.", "output": "John Francis Rosenberger, also occasionally credited as John Diehl, was an American comics artist and painter from after the Second World War until the mid-1970s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Erbach () is a town and the district seat of the Odenwaldkreis (district) in Hesse, Germany. It has a population of around 13,000. Geography Location The town lies in the Mittelgebirge Odenwald at elevations between 200 and 560 m in the valley of the M\u00fcmling. One geological peculiarity is the creek Erdbach's complete disappearance within Dorf-Erbach's community area. The Erdbach reappears near Stockheim. There are several places where the Erdbach disappears into the ground. Neighbouring communities Erbach borders in the north on the town of Michelstadt, in the east on the market town of Kirchzell (in Miltenberg district in Bavaria), in the south on the community of Hesseneck and the town of Beerfelden and in the west on the community of Mossautal (all three in the Odenwaldkreis). A planned merger with the neighbouring town of Michelstadt was blocked in November 2007 by a referendum (B\u00fcrgerentscheid). For the time being, ways\n\nA power symbol is a symbol indicating that a control activates or deactivates a particular device. Such a control may be a rocker switch, a toggle switch, a push-button, a virtual switch on a display screen, or some other user interface. The internationally standardized symbols are intended to communicate their function in a language-independent manner. Description The well-known on/off power symbol was the result of the logical evolution in user interface design. Originally, most early power controls consisted of switches that were toggled between two states demarcated by the words On and Off. As technology became more ubiquitous, these English words were replaced with the universal symbols line \"|\" for \"on\" and circle \"\u25ef\" for \"off\" (typically without serifs) to bypass language barriers. This standard is still used on toggle power switches. The symbol for the standby button was created by superimposing the symbols \"|\" and \"\u25ef\"; however, it is\n\nMankera (In Saraiki and ), is the principal town of Mankera Tehsil, an administrative subdivision of Bhakkar District, in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is situated about west of the city of Lahore. Bhakkar is located in the west of Punjab. The mighty Indus River flows on the western side of the district and the Jehlum and Chenab rivers both flow on the eastern side, all of which can be destructive during monsoon season. One third of the land is sandy, of which a small portion is irrigated by Thal canal and tube wells. The rest of the sandy land is cultivated and is entirely dependent upon rains. People mostly depend on agriculture which is highly dependent on rain; as such people are poor. Education and health facilities are not adequately available. History Origin of the name and ancient history The origins of Mankera according to tradition go back\n\nQuestion: What is Mankera?", "output": "Mankera, is the principal town of Mankera Tehsil, an administrative subdivision of Bhakkar District, in the Punjab province of Pakistan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Atari Jaguar is a home video game console developed by Atari Corporation and released in North America in November 1993. Part of the fifth generation of video game consoles, it competed with the 16-bit Sega Genesis, the Super NES and the 32-bit 3DO Interactive Multiplayer that launched the same year. Powered by two custom 32-bit Tom and in addition to a Motorola 68000, Atari marketed it as the world's first 64-bit game system, emphasizing its 64-bit bus used by the blitter. The Jaguar launched with Cybermorph as the pack-in game, which received divisive reviews. The system's library ultimately comprised only 50 licensed games. Development of the Atari Jaguar started in the early 1990s by Flare Technology, which focused on the system after cancellation of the Atari Panther console. The Jaguar was an important system for Atari after the company shifted its focus from computers - having ceased development of\n\nSukladhwaja (also Chilarai) (1510-1577AD), was the 3rd son of Biswa Singha, founder of the Koch Dynasty in the Kamata Kingdom and younger brother of Nara Narayan, the 2nd king of the Koch dynasty of the Kamata kingdom in the 16th century. He was Nara Narayan's commander-in-chief and chief Minister (Dewan) of the kingdom. He got his name Chilarai because, as a general, he executed troop movements that were as fast as a chila (kite/Eagle). Biography Chilaray was the third son of Biswa Singha (1515\u20131540). It was only due to his royal patronage that Sankardeva was able to establish the ekasarana-namadharma in Assam and bring about his cultural renaissance. Several rulers, namely the then king of Manipur and the Khasi tribal chief (Viryyavanta), submitted to Chilaray. Chilaray and his army also vanquished and killed the Jaintia king, and kings of Tippera (Tripura) and Sylhet. Chilaray is said to have never committed\n\nThe permanent income hypothesis (PIH) is a model in the field of economics to explain the formation of consumption patterns. It suggests consumption patterns are formed from future expectations and consumption smoothing. The theory was developed by Milton Friedman and published in his A Theory of Consumption Function, published in 1957 and subsequently formalized by Robert Hall in a rational expectations model. Originally applied to consumption and income, the process of future expectations is thought to influence other phenomena. In its simplest form, the hypothesis states changes in permanent income (human capital, property, assets), rather than changes in temporary income (unexpected income), are what drive changes in consumption. The formation of consumption patterns opposite to predictions was an outstanding problem faced by the Keynesian orthodoxy. Friedman's predictions of consumption smoothing, where people spread out transitory changes in income over time, departed from the traditional Keynesian emphasis on a higher marginal\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Chilarai.", "output": "Sukladhwaja, was the 3rd son of Biswa Singha, founder of the Koch Dynasty in the Kamata Kingdom and younger brother of Nara Narayan, the 2nd king of the Koch dynasty of the Kamata kingdom in the 16th century."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "OFK Spartak () is a Bulgarian municipal association football club from the city of Pleven founded on 10 September 1919. It currently competes in the Second League, the second tier of Bulgarian football. The team's greatest achievements are the Bulgarian Cup final in 1957 and the third place in the Bulgarian Championship during the following season. Spartak Pleven made its debut in the A Group during the 1952 A Group season. Spartak established itself as one of the most consistent teams in the Bulgarian A Group, only missing 5 seasons of top flight football between 1952 and 1988. However, after 1989, with the political and economic changes in Bulgaria, Spartak began gradually declining, with the club\u2019s most recent A Group season being 2001\u201302. History Spartak Pleven was created in 1919, by a student from Pleven, Dragomir Nestorov. He along with a couple of friends founded the club under the name\n\nThe Merck Veterinary Manual is a reference manual of animal health care. It was first published by Merck & Co., Inc. in 1955. It contains concise, thorough information on the diagnosis and treatment of disease in a wide variety of species. The Manual is available as a book, published on a non-profit basis. Additionally, the full text can be accessed for free via the website, or downloaded in its entirety via an app. In January 2020, the website was redesigned with a more helpful search function without advertising. Interactive features on the website include quizzes, case studies, and clinical calculators. In addition, there are animal health news summaries and commentaries. History The Merck Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955. It was based on the Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, which was first published in 1899 as a reference for physicians. The first edition of the Veterinary Manual included\n\nThe Kohn-Sham equations are a set of mathematical equations used in quantum mechanics to simplify the complex problem of understanding how electrons behave in atoms and molecules. They introduce fictitious non-interacting electrons and use them to find the most stable arrangement of electrons, which helps scientists understand and predict the properties of matter at the atomic and molecular scale. Description In physics and quantum chemistry, specifically density functional theory, the Kohn\u2013Sham equation is the non-interacting Schr\u00f6dinger equation (more clearly, Schr\u00f6dinger-like equation) of a fictitious system (the \"Kohn\u2013Sham system\") of non-interacting particles (typically electrons) that generate the same density as any given system of interacting particles. In the Kohn\u2013Sham theory the introduction of the noninteracting kinetic energy functional Ts into the energy expression leads, upon functional differentiation, to a collection of one-particle equations whose solutions are the Kohn\u2013Sham orbitals. The Kohn\u2013Sham equation is defined by a local effective (fictitious) external potential\n\nQuestion: What's Merck Veterinary Manual?", "output": "The Merck Veterinary Manual is a reference manual of animal health care."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Daily Prothom Alo () is a daily newspaper in Bangladesh, published from Dhaka in the Bengali language. It is the largest circulated newspaper in Bangladesh. According to the National Media Survey of 2018, conducted by Kantar MRB Bangladesh, Prothom Alo has a daily readership of more than 6.6 million online. According to Alexa Internet, an American web traffic analysis company, the online portal of Prothom Alo is the most visited Bengali website in the world. History Prothom Alo was founded on 4 November 1998. The circulation of Prothom Alo grew from an initial circulation of 42,000 to a circulation of a half million copies. The newspaper distinguished itself by its investigations of acid attacks and violence against women and pushing for tougher laws against the sale of acid. From press facilities located in Dhaka, Chittagong and Bogra, around 5,00,000 copies (as of March '2014) are circulated each day. According\n\nMultiple Access Ltd v McCutcheon is a leading constitutional decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the resolution of overlapping federal and provincial laws under the doctrine of double aspect. Background Multiple Access, a company incorporated under the Canada Corporations Act made an offer to acquire the broadcasting assets of Canadian Marconi Limited, which was accepted. Two shareholders of Multiple Access applied to the Ontario courts to have the Ontario Securities Commission commence an action against several directors and officers of the company for insider trading under the Ontario Securities Act. In its defence, the company argued that the provisions of the provincial Act were inoperative under the paramountcy doctrine as it overlapped with insider trading provisions in the Canada Corporations Act. Lower courts At first instance, Henry J in Weekly Court held the provincial provisions in question were valid and still in effect. He stated that when both\n\nis a Japanese mecha-anime television series created by designer Keiichi Sato and director Kazuyoshi Katayama for Sunrise. The writing staff was assembled by the series' head writer, Chiaki J. Konaka, who is known for his work on Serial Experiments Lain and Hellsing. The story takes place forty years after a mysterious occurrence causes the residents of Paradigm City to lose their memories. The series follows Roger Smith, Paradigm City's top Negotiator. He provides this \"much needed service\" with the help of a robot named R. Dorothy Wayneright and his butler Norman Burg. When the need arises, Roger calls upon Big O, a giant relic from the city's past. The television series was designed as a tribute to Japanese and Western shows from the 1960s and 1970s. The series is presented in the style of film noir and combines themes of detective fiction and mecha anime. The setpieces are reminiscent of\n\nQuestion: What is Prothom Alo?", "output": "The Daily Prothom Alo is a daily newspaper in Bangladesh, published from Dhaka in the Bengali language."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Settled Land Acts were a series of English land law enactments concerning the limits of creating a settlement, a conveyancing device used by a property owner who wants to ensure that provision of future generations of his family. Two main types of settlement Under a trust for sale, the property, which can be real or personal (land or goods), is transferred by the owner by deed or will to trustees who are obliged to sell the property and hold the proceeds of sale for the beneficiaries. A strict settlement can only be created over land and it was a device which was used by a landowner to keep the land within his family. By using the device of the strict settlement the ownership of the property was divided over time by using limited freehold estates. The limited freehold estates A fee tail is a limited estate with succession confined\n\nThe Tennessee Department of Correction (TDOC) is a Cabinet-level agency within the Tennessee state government responsible for the oversight of more than 20,000 convicted offenders in Tennessee's fourteen prisons, three of which are privately managed by CoreCivic. The department is headed by the Tennessee Commissioner of Correction, who is currently Frank Strada. TDOC facilities' medical and mental health services are provided by Corizon. Juvenile offenders not sentenced as adults are supervised by the independent Tennessee Department of Children's Services, while inmates granted parole or sentenced to probation are overseen by the Department of Correction (TDOC)/Department of Parole. The agency is fully accredited by the American Correctional Association. The department has its headquarters on the sixth floor of the Rachel Jackson Building in Nashville. the Tennessee Department of Corrections supervised sixteen prisons (counting two women's prisons as distinct from the men's prisons on the same site), including four private prisons operated\n\nBad H\u00f6nningen () is a municipality in the district of Neuwied, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Rhine, approx. 15 km (10 mi) northwest of Neuwied, and 30 km (20 mi) southeast of Bonn. Bad H\u00f6nningen is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde (\"collective municipality\") Bad H\u00f6nningen. The town contains three other districts called Ariendorf, Girgenrath and Reidenbruch. History Archeological findings suggest that the first settlers lived here over 1800 years ago when the Romans occupied the Rhineland. The limes ran between Bad H\u00f6nningen and Rheinbrohl, opposite the Vinxtbach, the border between Germania Inferior and Superior. At this point the limes crossed the Rhine and continued on the eastern bank. On this site a small castellum was built. In 1972 a Roman watchtower was reconstructed from archeological finds. In 1019, the town was documentary mentioned as \"Besitztum Hohingen\" for the first time. During Thirty Years'\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Bad H\u00f6nningen is.", "output": "Bad H\u00f6nningen is a municipality in the district of Neuwied, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Municipality of Gorenja Vas\u2013Poljane (; ) is a municipality in Slovenia. Its administrative seat is Gorenja Vas. Settlements In addition to the municipal seat of Gorenja Vas, the municipality also includes the following settlements: Ba\u010dne Brebovnica Bukov Vrh \u010cabra\u010de \u010cetena Ravan Debeni Delnice Dobje Dobrav\u0161ce Dolen\u010dice Dolenja Dobrava Dolenja Ravan Dolenja \u017detina Dolenje Brdo Dolge Njive Fu\u017eine Goli Vrh Gorenja Dobrava Gorenja Ravan Gorenja \u017detina Gorenje Brdo Hlav\u010de Njive Hobov\u0161e pri Stari Oselici Hotavlje Hotovlja Jar\u010dje Brdo Javorje Javorjev Dol Jazbine Jelovica Kladje Kopa\u010dnica Kremenik Krivo Brdo Krnice pri Novakih Laj\u0161e Lani\u0161e Laze Leskovica Lom nad Vol\u010do Lovsko Brdo Lu\u010dine Malenski Vrh Mlaka nad Lu\u0161o Murave Nova Oselica Podgora Podjelovo Brdo Podobeno Podvrh Poljane nad \u0160kofjo Loko Predmost Prelesje Robidnica Smoldno Sovodenj Srednja Vas\u2013Poljane Srednje Brdo Stara Oselica Studor Su\u0161a Todra\u017e Trebija Vinharje Volaka Vol\u010da \u017dabja Vas Zadobje Zakobiljek Zapreval \u017dirovski Vrh Svetega Antona \u017dirovski Vrh Svetega Urbana Notable\n\nWVKO-FM (103.1 MHz, \"La Mega 103.1\") is a Spanish language radio station playing Spanish adult contemporary and some regional Mexican music. WVKO-FM is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to serve the community of Columbus, Ohio. The station was first licensed, as WWWJ, on July 29, 1975. According to filings with the FCC, the station ceased broadcasting on May 5, 2006 as the license holder was in bankruptcy. In January 2007, the station license was transferred to Bernard Ohio LLC. The FCC granted permission to resume operations on June 19, 2007. Bernard Radio is a company that operates several radio stations on behalf of the D.B. Zwirn investment fund. The Zwirn hedge fund was attempting to sell off the radio stations in its portfolio in order to terminate the fund. WVKO-FM and WVKO were sold to TSJ Radio, LLC effective December 19, 2014 at a price of $743,750. On\n\nA slice knot is a mathematical knot in 3-dimensional space that bounds an embedded disk in 4-dimensional space. Definition A knot is said to be a topologically or smoothly slice knot, if it is the boundary of an embedded disk in the 4-ball , which is locally flat or smooth, respectively. Here we use : the 3-sphere is the boundary of the four-dimensional ball Every smoothly slice knot is topologically slice because a smoothly embedded disk is locally flat. Usually, smoothly slice knots are also just called slice. Both types of slice knots are important in 3- and 4-dimensional topology. Smoothly slice knots are often illustrated using knots diagrams of ribbon knots and it is an open question whether there are any smoothly slice knots which are not ribbon knots (\u2032Slice-ribbon conjecture\u2032). Cone construction The conditions locally-flat or smooth are essential in the definition: For every knot we can construct\n\nQuestion: Tell me what WVKO-FM is.", "output": "WVKO-FM is a Spanish language radio station playing Spanish adult contemporary and some regional Mexican music."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lord Tariq and Peter Gunz were an American hip hop duo, composed of rappers Sean \"Lord Tariq\" Hamilton and Peter \"Peter Gunz\" Pankey, from The Bronx, New York. They are best known for their 1997 single \"Deja Vu (Uptown Baby)\", which reached the top ten on the US Billboard Hot 100. Career Initially performing as The Gunrunners, the duo made their debut on Whodini's 1996 album Six, on which they featured on the track \"Can't Get Enough\" and assisted in the writing of two other tracks. Peter Gunz collaborated with Shaquille O'Neal on the latter's albums You Can't Stop the Reign (1996) and Respect (1998), in addition to the single \"Men of Steel\" from O'Neal's film Steel (1997). Lord Tariq worked with Jay-Z and Nas on the 1998 single \"Analyze This\". Their debut single, \"Deja Vu (Uptown Baby)\", was released in December 1997 and sampled the 1977 Steely Dan song\n\nVisconde de Mau\u00e1 is a district of the city of Resende, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Of ampler form, the name Visconde de Mau\u00e1 is attributed to the set of villages of Mau\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 and Maromba and its diverse valleys, as the Vale das Cruzes, Alcantilado, Pav\u00e3o and Grama. The region includes parts of the cities of Resende-RJ, Itatiaia-RJ and Bocaina de Minas, in the state of Minas Gerais. The villages are, on average, within 40 kilometers of the centers of these cities. Visconde de Mau\u00e1 has about six thousand inhabitants. The main economic activity of the region is tourism, with more than 100 establishments of lodging and dozen of restaurants, some specializing in trout and pine nut recipes. This region is located in an area of environmental preservation, in the Serra da Mantiqueira mountain range, at 1200 meters of altitude. History The name Visconde de Mau\u00e1\n\nMatt Leto, known by the gamer tag Zyos, is a former American professional player of the first-person shooter video games Halo: Combat Evolved and Halo 2. Zyos spent a year in his late teens accumulating video game records, and for a while was the holder of the most records. After dropping out of DigiPen Institute of Technology, Leto pursued a career in professional gaming. Leto won the 2003 and 2004 World Cyber Games, and was signed to become a professional game player that same year. He remained champion until he was defeated in 2005, and was known for his quiet, patient style of play, and his skill in one-on-one matches. In 2006 he retired from professional gaming. He is currently working as a real estate agent in Texas. Early life and career Leto played his first video game at the age of five, playing Super Mario Bros. In his early\n\nQuestion: What is Matt Leto", "output": "Matt Leto, known by the gamer tag Zyos, is a former American professional player of the first-person shooter video games Halo: Combat Evolved and Halo 2."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Robert McMurtry is a physician and special advisor to the Canadian Royal Commission on the Future of Health Care. He is actively involved in discussions on creating an accessible medical system for the Canadian public, and has long advocated for more effective public involvement in healthcare policy. Education McMurtry graduated from the University of Toronto in Medicine in 1965, and is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. Career During his residency in orthopedic surgery, he spent 2 years in Africa, first in a mission hospital in Sekhukhuniland (South Africa) and then with the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) in Uganda. Following his residency, Dr. McMurtry did a fellowship in hand surgery at the University of Iowa. He started his practice at the former Sunnybrook Hospital (now Sunnybrook and Women's Health Centre) in 1975. It was there that Dr. McMurtry founded and directed Canada's first\n\nSaint Alfanus I or Alfano I (died 1085) was the archbishop of Salerno from 1058 until his death. He was famed as a translator, writer, theologian, and medical doctor. Life Alfanus was born to a noble Langobard family of Salerno between 1015 and 1020. He had an excellent education in the liberal arts and developed a wide knowledge of literature. Alfanus was a physician, one of the earliest great doctors of the Schola Medica Salernitana. The young monk Desiderius (later Pope Victor III) fell ill and traveled from Montecassino seeking treatment. He and Alfanus became life-long friends. Alfanus joined the Abbey of Montecassino in 1056, but did not remain there long before being sent to take charge of the Benedictine monastery in Salerno. In 1058, Pope Stephen IX, the abbot of Montecassino, named Alfanus archbishop of Salerno. He made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem with Gisulf II of Salerno, stopping by\n\nSir William Calthorpe KB (30 January 1410 \u2013 15 November 1494) was an English knight and Lord of the Manors of Burnham Thorpe and Ludham in Norfolk. He is on record as High Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk in 1442, 1458 and 1464 and 1476. Family Sir William Calthorpe was born on 30 January 1410 at Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk, England, son of Sir John Calthorpe and Amy (Amice) Wythe. Career Calthorpe is recorded on 28 June 1443, when he released one of his villeins, from serfdom and set him free from all future services. He became locum tenens and Commissary-General to the late most noble and potent William, Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Pembroke, and Lord Great Chamberlain of England, Ireland and Aquitaine, during the minority of the Duke's son and heir, Henry, Earl of Exeter. In 1469, Sir William described himself as Sir William Calthorp of Ludham, a manor\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Alfanus I.", "output": "Saint Alfanus I or Alfano I was the archbishop of Salerno from 1058 until his death."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Vicinity Centres , previously known as Federation Centres and Centro Properties Group, is an Australian Real Estate Investment Trust specialising in ownership and management of Australian shopping centres. As at December 2021, it had stakes in 60 shopping centres. It is headquartered at Chadstone Shopping Centre in Melbourne. History Vicinity Limited was established by diversified property construction Jennings Industries on 18 February 1985 as Jennings Properties, and listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. In January 1991, it was renamed Centro Properties. In September 1997, Centro was restructured to become a stapled security structure named Centro Properties Group. Centro was a stapled security comprising one unit in Centro Property Trust (CPT) stapled to one share in Centro Properties Limited (CPL). CPT is the owner of Centro's interests in the properties and CPL, along with its subsidiaries, provides management services to CPT. In September 1999, Centro acquired the management rights for Prime\n\nThe Neptune Grotto (German: Neptungrotte) close to the Obelisk entrance in Sanssouci Park, Potsdam, was created by Frederick the Great between 1751 and 1757 to beautify the park. Built following plans by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff it arose as a representation of the revived interest in garden architecture. The grotto ought to have been a component of the numerous fountains of the park, which did not function at that time, owing to a lack of technical knowledge. The trident wielding god of the sea, Neptune, establishes a relationship to water. The conches on the sides, arranged into the shape of waterfalls and the great shell inside, made from many real shells, are a characteristic theme of Rococo. References The information in this article is based on that in its German equivalent Buildings and structures in Potsdam Grottoes Rococo architecture in Germany Tourist attractions in Potsdam Sanssouci Park Baroque architecture in\n\nTamamo-no-Mae (, , also ) is a legendary figure in Japanese mythology. One of the stories explaining the legend comes from Muromachi period genre fiction called otogiz\u014dshi. In the otogiz\u014dshi Tamamo-no-Mae was a courtesan under the Japanese Emperor Konoe (who reigned from 1142 through 1155). Legends Stories of Tamamo-no-Mae being a legendary fox spirit appear during the Muromachi period as otogiz\u014dshi (prose narratives), and were also mentioned by Toriyama Sekien in Konjaku Hyakki Sh\u016bi. Edo period folklore then conflated the legend with similar foreign stories about fox spirits corrupting rulers, causing chaos in their territories. In the story told by Hokusai, formed in the Edo period, the nine-tailed fox first appeared in China and possessed Daji, a concubine of the Shang dynasty's last ruler King Zhou. She enchanted the king and brought on a reign of terror that led to a rebellion that ended the Shang dynasty. The fox spirit\n\nQuestion: What is Neptune Grotto", "output": "The Neptune Grotto close to the Obelisk entrance in Sanssouci Park, Potsdam, was created by Frederick the Great between 1751 and 1757 to beautify the park."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jose Emmanuel \"Noli\" Macasaet Eala is a Filipino sports executive and disbarred lawyer who served as the 11th chairperson of the Philippine Sports Commission from August 30 to December 28, 2022. He previously served as the sixth commissioner of the Philippine Basketball Association from 2003 to 2007. Before he became the commissioner of the league, he was a play-by-play commentator of Viva-Vintage Sports, which broadcasts the PBA Games, from the early 1990s until 2002. He was elected as commissioner of the league in 2002 after his predecessor, Emilio \"Jun\" Bernardino, retired from his post. Early life Eala studied high school at La Salle Green Hills before studying at the Ateneo de Manila University, when he obtained his Law degree. He was also a team manager for the Ateneo Blue Eagles. Eala's niece is tennis player Alex Eala. Play-by-play commentator In his collegiate years, Eala used to call on the Man\n\nJeff Alulis, better known by his stage name Jeff Penalty, is a writer, filmmaker, and musician, known mainly for his documentary work and his position as a former lead singer of Dead Kennedys. Early life Penalty was born and raised in Broomall, Pennsylvania. He attended college at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, where he was a member of the fencing team and attended graduate school at the University of Southern California, where he earned an MFA in Writing for Screen and Television and fenced on the Men's \u00c9p\u00e9e team. As of 2016, he resides in Los Angeles, CA. Musical career Penalty's musical background was mostly as a drummer, performing temporarily with the Pennsylvania band Ralphus and the glam metal parody band Vaz Hoil. He also played drums with Sidekick and The Eyeliners on one occasion each. He shared vocal duties in the Massachusetts pop punk act Just About Done and sang\n\nThe Gor class was a class of two Rendel (or \"flat-iron\") gunboats built for the Royal Norwegian Navy between 1884 and 1887. Small, nimble vessels, they were armed with a single large-caliber gun for offensive purposes and several small, quick-firing guns for self-defense. The main gun was large for such a small craft, roughly a quarter of the length of the whole vessel, and of the same caliber as heavy battleship guns of the same era. The Gor class was likely built in the belief that the ships would be able to inflict serious damage to an opposing battleship. Service history and fate Shortly before the First World War, both vessels were rebuilt as minelayers. During this reconstruction, the heavy, large-caliber gun was replaced with a more modern 12 cm breech-loader, and one of the 37 mm guns was replaced with a more potent 57 mm (Tyr) or 76 mm\n\nQuestion: What is Gor-class gunboat?", "output": "The Gor class was a class of two Rendel gunboats built for the Royal Norwegian Navy between 1884 and 1887."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sniatyn (; ; , older ; ) is a town located in Kolomyia Raion of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, in western Ukraine along the Prut river. It is located at around . Sniatyn hosts the administration of Sniatyn urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: In 2001, population was around 10,500. In the interbellum period, it was a rail border crossing between Poland and Romania. History The first mention of the town is in 1158. Ksniatyn was named after Kostiantyn Stroslavich, a boyar and general of Yaroslav Osmomysl \u2014 a prince of medieval Halych Principality. The town was given the Magdeburg Rights in 1448. As a result of the first of Partitions of Poland (Treaty of St-Petersburg dated 5 July 1772, Sniatyn (and Galicia) was attributed to the Habsburg Monarchy. For more details, see the article Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. In 1939, Sniatyn was the temporary seat of American\n\nJin Sun-Yu (Hangul: \uc9c4\uc120\uc720, Hanja: \u9673\u5584\u6709, born December 17, 1988 in Daegu, South Korea) is a South Korean short-track speed skater. She is a triple Olympic Champion from 2006 and a three-time Overall World Champion (for 2005\u20132007). She was the winner of the gold medal in the 1500 meters and the silver medal in the 1000 meters at the 2005 World Championships, as she ended up as the overall champion. At the 2006 World Championships, Jin won the 1000, 1500, and 3000 meters on her way to a second consecutive overall championship. She also finished first in the overall World Cup standings for the 2005\u20132006 season. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, she won three gold medals, winning women's individual 1000 meters, and 1500 meters events, and as a member of the South Korean women's victorious 3000 meter relay team. In doing so, Jin became the first athlete (by less than\n\nV\u00edctor Neumann-Lara (1933\u20132004) was a Mexican mathematician and a pioneer in the field of graph theory in Mexico. His work also covers general topology, game theory and combinatorics. Biography Born in the city of Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo, Mexico, he soon moved to Mexico City, where he received his bachelor's degree in mathematics from the School of Sciences, UNAM. His life was greatly devoted to teaching, giving over 100 courses in Mexico and around the world, and introducing new teaching methods. He carried color chalks with him all the time, and was prompt to give graphic explanations. Work Full Professor at Institute of Mathematics, UNAM, he directed over 15 theses and taught both in the Institute and in the Faculty of Sciences. Below is a selection of his multiple publications, which earned him over 120 citations from renowned mathematicians in the area of graph theory. In 1982 he introduced the\n\nQuestion: Who is Jin Sun-yu", "output": "Jin Sun-Yu is a South Korean short-track speed skater."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Shannon Hamm is a death metal guitarist who played in Death from 1996 until their break-up in 2001. He then joined Chuck Schuldiner's second band Control Denied, which ended with the death of Schuldiner in 2001. Before Death, he was a locally well known guitarist in the Texas underground metal scene. He was particularly good friends with \"Dimebag\" Darrell Abbott of Pantera and Damageplan. According to Abbott, Hamm \"out shredded\" Darrell in Pantera's glam metal days while Hamm was in a band named Metalstorm. Shannon is almost always seen playing a Jackson Soloist guitar. On December 12, 2007, Shannon Hamm played in a tribute show for the anniversary of Chuck Schuldiner's death. The show was organized by Quebec City metal promoters Capitale du Metal (English: Metal Capital, referring to Quebec City's active metal scene). Former Death guitarist Bobby Koelble and former Death bassist Scott Clendenin, along with Nicholas Barker, of\n\nHaroon Siddiqui, is an Indo-Canadian newspaper journalist, columnist and a former editor. Early life and career Siddiqui continued as a columnist at the Star until 2015. His farewell column of 1 April 2015 marked his retirement from journalism. Awards and distinctions He shared a 1983 National Newspaper Award for spot news reporting. In 1992 and column writing in 1998. Siddiqui received a Professional Man of the Year award from Indo Canadian Chamber of Commerce, and a media award from the Canadian Islamic Congress. In 2000, and 2001 he became a member of the Order of Ontario, for crafting \"a broader definition of the Canadian identity,\" inclusive of our First Nations, French Canadians and newer Canadians. In 2001, Siddiqui was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters from York University. In 2002, he was awarded the World Press Freedom Award by the National Press Club in Ottawa for his James Minifie Memorial\n\nSection Eight Productions, or just Section Eight, was an American film production company founded in 2000 by film director Steven Soderbergh and actor/director George Clooney. It produced the critical hits Far from Heaven, Insomnia, Syriana, A Scanner Darkly and Michael Clayton, as well as Clooney-directed films Confessions of a Dangerous Mind and Good Night, and Good Luck. In 2005, Syriana and Good Night, and Good Luck picked up eight Oscars nominations between them. With Soderbergh citing a desire to focus on directing, and Clooney forming production company Smokehouse Pictures with Grant Heslov, the two decided to shut down Section Eight at the end of 2006. Films Notes and references External links New York Times, January 18, 2005: Trying to Combine Art and Box Office in Hollywood \u2014 article about Section Eight, Clooney, & Soderbergh. Entertainment companies established in 2000 Mass media companies established in 2000 Mass media companies disestablished in\n\nQuestion: What is Haroon Siddiqui?", "output": "Haroon Siddiqui,  is an Indo-Canadian newspaper journalist, columnist and a former editor."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Arto Tolsa Areena is a football stadium in Kotka, Finland. It is the home stadium of Kotkan Ty\u00f6v\u00e4en Palloilijat (KTP). The stadium holds 4,780 and was inaugurated in 1952 for the Helsinki Olympics. The stadium's record attendance was made during the Olympic Games in the football match between the Soviet Union and Bulgaria, the score having been 2\u20131 a.e.t. Depending on the source, the record is 10,000, or 10,637 or 10,950. Arto Tolsa Areena used to be known as \"Urheilukeskus\" (\"Sports Center\" in Finnish). It got its current name after it was renovated around the turn of millennium. The current name comes from Arto Tolsa, who was a legendary Finnish player of Kotkan Ty\u00f6v\u00e4en Palloilijat, the predecessor of KTP. The covered main stand holds 2,500 spectators. The size of the pitch is 105 by 65 metres. The power of the lighting system is 1200 lux. At the beginning of the\n\nBothrops leucurus, commonly known as the whitetail lancehead or the Bahia lancehead, is a species of venomous snake, a pit viper in the family Viperidae. The species is endemic to Brazil. There are no subspecies which are recognized as being valid. A female owned by youtuber Venom Central is over six feet long. Etymology The specific name, leucurus, meaning \"whitetail\", is from the Latin words leucus (white) and urus (tail). The specific name, pradoi, of the junior synonym Trimeresurus pradoi, is in honor of Brazilian herpetologist Alcides Prado. Description and Behavior The color varies from tan to reddish-brown, the pattern varies, from darker and lighter spots, similar to light diagonal dorsolateral lines. It has 23 to 31 rows of dorsal scale of the medium body, the belly is yellowish or whitish in color with dark, brown or gray spots, and irregular spots on the sides. It is a snake with\n\nAnton Tanev (Dontcho) Yugov () (5 August 1904 \u2013 6 July 1991) was a Bulgarian politician who was a leading member of the Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP), and served as Prime Minister of the country from 1956 to 1962. He was an Honorary Citizen of Tirana, Albania. Yugov was born to a Bulgarian family in Karasuli (Rugunovets), Ottoman Macedonia (today Polykastro, Greece). His family moved to Plovdiv after World War I. War years and Ministry Yugov was a prominent figure in the BCP during the Second World War and attempted to reach a settlement with Marshal Josip Broz Tito in Yugoslavia regarding co-operation between both countries' communists. This 1941 initiative was aborted however as Tito would not accept the sacrifice of Macedonia, something upon which Yugov insisted. The two would revisit the issue in 1945 when they discussed the possibility of a Bulgarian-Yugoslav confederation to solve the issue although the\n\nQuestion: Who is Anton Yugov", "output": "Anton Tanev Yugov was a Bulgarian politician who was a leading member of the Bulgarian Communist Party, and served as Prime Minister of the country from 1956 to 1962."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Winchester Royals are a collegiate summer baseball team in Winchester, Virginia. They play in the Northern division of the Valley Baseball League. Founded in 1979, the Royals are the most successful team in the history of the Valley League, with thirteen Championships won \u2014 in 1979, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1987, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, and 2004. This is one more than the Harrisonburg Turks, and seven more than the Waynesboro Generals, which are the second and third most winning teams in the history of the Valley League. The Royals play their home games at Bridgeforth Field, a 1,500-seat stadium located within the city-run Jim Barnett Park. Notable players Notable former players who went on to play in the major leagues include Jimmy Key, Reggie Sanders, Kevin Kouzmanoff, Tyler Thornburg, and Kyle Snyder. Dayton Moore served as the Winchester manager in 1992 and 1993 and went on to\n\nKarin Voss ( Enke, formerly Busch ,Kania and Richter, born 20 June 1961) is a former speed skater, one of the most dominant of the 1980s. She is a three-time Olympic gold medallist, winning the 500 metres in 1980, the 1000 metres in 1984 and the 1500 metres in 1984. She won a total of eight Olympic medals. Short biography Karin Enke started her sport career as a figure skater at the club SC Einheit Dresden. Representing East Germany she came in ninth place at the European Figure Skating Championships in 1977. Later she changed to speed skating. Dominant on all distances (being reigning World Allround Champion and World Sprint Champion, and having won German Single Distance Championships titles on all five distances in 1983), Enke was the favourite for all four distances at the 1984 Winter Olympics of Sarajevo, but she won \"only\" two gold and two silver medals.\n\nNicole Hosp (; born 6 November 1983) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from Austria. She competed in all five disciplines and was a world champion, three-time Olympic medalist, and an overall World Cup champion. Career Born in Ehenbichl, Tyrol, she won her first World Cup competition, giant slalom, in S\u00f6lden, Tyrol, Austria on 26 October 2002, sharing the victory with Andrine Flemmen and Tina Maze. Hosp won the overall World Cup title in 2007 and the season title in giant slalom. A versatile all-around racer, she won World Cup races in four of the five alpine skiing disciplines (super-G, giant slalom, slalom and combined), and was world champion in the giant slalom in 2007. Although Hosp won the giant slalom crystal globe in 2007, she stopped racing GS after often not qualifying for the second run in 2011. In her final seasons, she competed in four disciplines:\n\nQuestion: What is Winchester Royals", "output": "The Winchester Royals are a collegiate summer baseball team in Winchester, Virginia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Lut Desert, widely referred to as Dasht-e Lut (, \"Emptiness Plain\"), is a large salt desert located in the provinces of Kerman and Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran. It is the world's 33rd-largest desert, and was included on UNESCO's World Heritage List on July 17, 2016. The name is derived from 'Lut' which means bare and empty in Persian and 'dasht' which means plain in Persian. The surface of its sand has been measured at temperatures as high as 70.7 \u00b0C (159.3 \u00b0F), making it one of the world's driest and hottest places. Description Iran is climatically part of the Afro-Asian belt of deserts, which stretches from Mauritania all the way to Mongolia. The patchy, elongated, light-colored feature in the foreground (parallel to the mountain range) is the northernmost of the Dasht dry lakes that stretch southward . Iran's geography consists of a plateau surrounded by mountains and divided into\n\nThe Fichtelberg () is a mountain with two main peaks in the middle of the Ore Mountains in the east German state of Saxony, near the Czech border. At above sea level, the Fichtelberg is the highest mountain in Saxony, the second highest in the Ore Mountains and used to be the highest mountain in East Germany. Its subpeak is high. Location The Fichtelberg rises within the Central Ore Mountains in the Ore Mountains/Vogtland Nature Park around 1.5 kilometres north of the German-Czech border. At the southern foot of the mountain lies the highest town in Germany: the resort of Oberwiesenthal in the P\u00f6hlbach valley. About 750 metres south-southwest is the less prominent subpeak of the Fichtelberg, known as the Kleiner Fichtelberg (\"Little Fichtelberg\") also called the Hinterer Fichtelberg (\"Rear Fichtelberg\"); 1,205.6 m). About 4 kilometres south-southeast is the highest peak in the Ore Mountains: the Kl\u00ednovec (Keilberg; 1,244 m)\n\nThe Associated Gospel Churches, commonly known as AGC, is a Canadian evangelical Christian denomination. It is affiliated with the Evangelical Fellowship of Canada. The national headquarters are located in Burlington, Ontario, Canada. History The Associated Gospel Churches can trace its origins to the 1890s, when the AGC began a group of independent churches, in Ontario, Canada, that was joined together by a charter under the leadership of Dr. P. W. Philpott. In 1922, the group was named the Christian Workers' Church of Canada. To differentiate itself from similarly named, but theological differing groups, the denomination was renamed Associated Gospel Churches in 1925. It was federally incorporated March 18, 1925. The AGC began its first expansion outside of Ontario in 1940, when a group of churches based in Western Canada sought to affiliate themselves with AGC. This group of churches eventually became what is now known as AGC West Region. In\n\nQuestion: What is Associated Gospel Churches of Canada", "output": "The Associated Gospel Churches, commonly known as AGC, is a Canadian evangelical Christian denomination."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Chad Michael Murray (born August 24, 1981) is an American actor, writer and former model. He is best known for his roles in drama series and romantic comedy films. He played the lead role of Lucas Scott in The WB/CW teen drama series One Tree Hill (2003\u201309, 2012), and recurring roles as Tristin DuGray on Gilmore Girls (2000\u201301), Charlie Todd on Dawson's Creek (2001\u201302), and Edgar Evernever on Riverdale (2019), all on the same network. He starred in the film A Cinderella Story (2004) and had supporting roles in Freaky Friday (2003) and Fruitvale Station (2013). He went on to star in Chosen (2013\u201314), Sun Records (2017) and Sullivan's Crossing (2023\u2013present), and appeared in a supporting role in Marvel-ABC series Agent Carter (2015\u201316) and a recurring role in Fox's Star (2018\u201319). Murray has written a graphic novel with lead illustrator Danijel \u017de\u017eelj titled Everlast (2011), and a novel co-authored with\n\nMessage Signaled Interrupts (MSI) are a method of signaling interrupts, using special in-band messages to replace traditional out-of-band signals on dedicated interrupt lines. While message signaled interrupts are more complex to implement in a device, they have some significant advantages over pin-based out-of-band interrupt signalling, such as improved interrupt handling performance. This is in contrast to traditional interrupt mechanisms, such as the legacy interrupt request (IRQ) system. Message signaled interrupts are supported in PCI bus since its version 2.2, and in later available PCI Express bus. Some non-PCI architectures also use message signaled interrupts. Overview Traditionally, a device has an interrupt line (pin) which it asserts when it wants to signal an interrupt to the host processing environment. This traditional form of interrupt signalling is an out-of-band form of control signalling since it uses a dedicated path to send such control information, separately from the main data path. MSI replaces\n\nBernabel \"Bernie\" Castro (born July 14, 1979) is a former Major League Baseball second baseman. He played two major league seasons, one each with the Washington Nationals and Baltimore Orioles. Career The New York Yankees signed Castro as an international free agent in . After two seasons, the Yankees traded him to the San Diego Padres for outfielder Kevin Reese. After becoming a free agent in the offseason, Castro signed a minor league deal with the Baltimore Orioles. He played in 24 games for the major league team, hitting .288 with a .360 on-base percentage. He again became a free agent after the season, and signed with the Washington Nationals. He played in 42 games for the Nationals during the 2006 season, accumulating 110 at-bats. Castro was granted free agency once more after the season, and signed a minor league contract with the Yankees. He again became a free agent\n\nQuestion: Who is Bernie Castro", "output": "Bernabel \"Bernie\" Castro is a former Major League Baseball second baseman."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kurdish Institute of Istanbul (, ), founded in 1992, was an organization focusing on Kurdish literature, language and culture. Kurdish and Turkish intellectuals such as Musa Anter, Ya\u015far Kaya, \u0130smail Be\u015fik\u00e7i, Cem\u015fid Bender, Feq\u00ee Husey\u00een Sagni\u00e7, Abdurrahman D\u00fcrre, \u0130brahim G\u00fcrb\u00fcz and S\u00fcleyman \u0130mamo\u011flu were among the founding members. The institute's main research activities were in the fields of linguistics, folklore and history. It published a research journal titled Zend. The institute held courses in the languages Zazaki, Kurmanji and Sorani, and provided certificates of translation into/from Kurdish. It has published a Kurdish-Turkish dictionary (B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk\u00e7e-K\u00fcrt\u00e7e s\u00f6zl\u00fck / Ferhanga Mez\u0131n T\u0131rk\u00ee Kurd\u00ee and B\u00fcy\u00fck K\u00fcrt\u00e7e-T\u00fcrk\u00e7e S\u00f6zl\u00fck / Ferhanga Maz\u0131n Kurd\u00ee Turk\u00ee) prepared by Zana Farq\u00een\u00ee in 2004. The institute has also re-published many of the classical works in Kurdish literature, including the works of Faqi Tayran. Closures The institute was first raided and shut down on 15 November 1992, shortly after\n\nNikolaos \"Nikos\" Liberopoulos (; born on 4 August 1975) is a retired Greek former professional international footballer who played as a forward. He is famous for his aim-to-goal shot, his innate in-play instincts, and his technical attacking skills. Liberopoulos is a unique player in Greek domestic football, as he is equally adored by fans of both AEK Athens and Panathinaikos. He is the only player to be recorded in the top ten scorers of all time for both these teams. Indeed, after seven seasons at Panathinaikos Liberopoulos scored 103 goals. On 10 May 2012, he reached a milestone 100 goals for AEK Athens after a brace against Atromitos, making him the only player in history to score a hundred goals for both Athens clubs (NOTE: this contradicts the tabulated data below, which gives 101 goals for AEK Athens and 87 goals for Panathinaikos. The latter is also in disagreement with\n\nBorkowo railway station is a railway station serving the town of Borkowo, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station opened in 1938 and is located on the Nowa Wie\u015b Wielka\u2013Gdynia Port railway. The train services are operated by SKM Tricity. Modernisation In 2014 the station was modernised. In 2015 the railway south of the station was renovated as part of the works for the Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna, introducing a crossover with the Pruszcz Gdanski\u2013Leba railway to allow trains to operate to Kartuzy. Train services The station is served by the following services: Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna services (R) Kartuzy \u2014 Gda\u0144sk Port Lotniczy (Airport) \u2014 Gda\u0144sk G\u0142\u00f3wny Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna services (R) Ko\u015bcierzyna \u2014 Gda\u0144sk Port Lotniczy (Airport) \u2014 Gda\u0144sk Wrzeszcz \u2014 Gdynia G\u0142\u00f3wna Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna services (R) Ko\u015bcierzyna \u2014 Gda\u0144sk Osowa \u2014 Gdynia G\u0142\u00f3wna References This article is based upon a translation of the Polish language version as of\n\nQuestion: What is Kurdish Institute of Istanbul", "output": "Kurdish Institute of Istanbul, founded in 1992, was an organization focusing on Kurdish literature, language and culture."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The title of Earl of Carlingford was created in the Peerage of Ireland for Theobald Taaffe. The Earl bore the subsidiary titles Viscount Taaffe and Baron of Ballymote (1628). Taaffe Family History 1st Viscount Taaffe of Corren left fifteen children, of whom the eldest, Theobald, was created Earl of Carlingford. Theobald's eldest son was killed in the Turkish wars. He was succeeded in the title by his second son Nicholas, who had served in the Spanish wars and was killed at the Boyne. The next brother, Francis, the third Earl, was one of the most celebrated men of his time: he was brought up at Olomouc, at the imperial court, and in the service of Duke Charles of Lorraine, whose most intimate friend he became. He rose to the highest rank in the Austrian army, having greatly distinguished himself at the Battle of Vienna and in the other Turkish campaigns,\n\nChristoph Meiners (31 July 1747 \u2013 1 May 1810) was a German racialist, philosopher, historian, and writer born in Warstade. He supported the polygenist theory of human origins. He was a member of the G\u00f6ttingen School of History. Biography Chistoph Meiners was born in Warstade (now a part of Hemmoor) near Otterndorf. He started at a gymnasium in Bremen in 1763, and was a student at G\u00f6ttingen from 1767 to 1770. In 1772 he became extraordinary professor, and in 1775 full professor, of Weltweisheit at the University of G\u00f6ttingen. From 1788 to 1791 he co-edited the anti-Kantian journal Philosophische Bibliothek. He wrote on comparative history and cultural history. He is now known mostly for his critical attitude towards Immanuel Kant, Mary Wollstonecraft and the concept of Enlightenment. He died in G\u00f6ttingen. He later became the favorite intellectual ancestor of the Nazis. Polygenism Meiners was a polygenist: he believed that each\n\nCarter Caves State Resort Park is located in Carter County, Kentucky, United States, along Tygarts Creek. It is formed by Carter Caves, and nearby Cascade Caves, which were added to the park in 1959. On December 16, 1981, of the park were designated as nature preserves. Bat Cave and Cascade Caverns State Nature Preserves were dedicated for the protection of the Indiana bat, mountain maple, and Canada yew, all endangered species. History The park was in various private hands for almost 200 years until the last private family owners, the J.F. Lewis family and various other private investors, including local Rotary Clubs, donated the large tract of property () to the Commonwealth of Kentucky in 1946. The purchase of the caves and surrounding land was driven by Governor William Jason Fields, a native of Carter County. Attractions Resort park Carter Caves is a state resort park that features a lodge,\n\nQuestion: What is Earl of Carlingford?", "output": "The title of Earl of Carlingford was created in the Peerage of Ireland for Theobald Taaffe."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Eidophusikon () was a piece of art, no longer extant, thought up by the English actor David Garrick and created by 18th-century French painter Philip James de Loutherbourg. It opened in Leicester Square in London in February 1781. Described by the media of his day as \"Moving Pictures, representing Phenomena of Nature\", the Eidophusikon can be considered an early form of movie making. The effect was achieved by mirrors and pulleys. The Eidophusikon consisted of a large-scale miniature theatre that tried to recreate the perfect illusion of living nature: sunrise scenes, sunsets, moonlight images, storms, and volcanoes from all over the world, with sound and music effects. The sound and light effects of the Eidophusikon, compared with the shows seen until that time, were especially inventive by virtue of their realism. Reconstructions The first reconstruction was in the year 2004 by Wolkenbilder at the Altonaer Museum Exhibition (cloud images)\n\nShir Appeal is Tufts University\u2019s only mixed-gender Jewish a cappella group. Founded in 1995 with assistance from the Jewish Agency, Shir Appeal is one of the nation\u2019s oldest collegiate Jewish a cappella groups. The group sings music from a wide range of genres, including Israeli rock and pop, traditional and liturgical Jewish songs, Jewish world music, and English music with strong Jewish themes. Though based at Tufts University outside Boston, Shir Appeal has gone on tour to numerous areas in the United States, including New York City, Philadelphia, Washington DC, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Miami, and Chicago, as well as the New England and Boston areas. Shir Appeal has been on Best of College a Cappella (BOCA) four times. It was the first non-secular a cappella group to be recognized on BOCA, and the only Jewish group to have ever been featured on it. History The group was founded in\n\nArlen Ingolf Erdahl (February 27, 1931 \u2013 September 21, 2023) was an American commercial farmer and politician. He served as a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1963 to 1970, Minnesota Secretary of State from 1971\u20131975 and was a U.S. Representative from Minnesota, serving the first district from 1979\u20131983, in the 96th and 97th congresses. Erdahl had Presidential appointments to serve as Country Director and later Associate Director for the Peace Corps from 1983 to 1989 and as Principal Deputy/Acting Assistant Secretary for International Affairs at the U.S. Department of Energy from 1989 to 1993. He served on the boards of the United Nations Association of Minnesota, Nobel Peace Prize Forum, Minnesota chapter of People to People, Minneapolis Lodge of the Sons of Norway, and Growth & Justice. In 1999 he received the Twin Cities International Citizen Award and in 2011 was recognized for his public leadership and\n\nQuestion: What is Arlen Erdahl?", "output": "Arlen Ingolf Erdahl was an American commercial farmer and politician."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Feldbach (; ) is a town in the southeast of the Austrian state of Styria, near the Slovenian and Hungarian border. It is located in the valley around the river Raab. History Findings from the Neolithic period prove the early existence of a settlement in the area where Feldbach is now located. The name \"Feldbach\" was first mentioned in 1188 as \"Velwinbach\". A parish exists since 1232. In 1469, Feldbach was devastated by rebellious troops. This is probably the reason why the , a medieval fortress, was built. In the 15th century, Feldbach was the setting of many conflicts between rival aristocratic families which caused destruction and pillages in the town. Finally, after the Hajduks (which accompanied the attacking Ottoman Turks) destroyed the whole town, except the Tabor hill, a closed fortification with several gates was built. Feldbach experienced a major economic upswing after the Hungarian Western railroad was opened\n\nDaniel Elena (born 26 October 1972) also known as \"Danos\" is a Mon\u00e9gasque rally co-driver working most notably with S\u00e9bastien Loeb. Between them the pair have won the World Rally Championship (WRC) nine times with Citro\u00ebn, later competing with Hyundai. Their 79 wins together make him the co-driver with the most victories in the history of the WRC. Career He started rallying in 1992 as co-driver to Christophe Bovini but his first 'full season' came in 1996 with Herv\u00e9 Bernard in the French national championships. In 1998 he became Loeb's co-driver and quickly developed a strong relationship with him, winning every event they finished in the Citro\u00ebn Saxo Trophy in 1998, then the overall trophy itself in 1999. The following year with Citro\u00ebn part-backing the duo, they won the two-wheel drive class of the French gravel title. In 2001, they won both the FIA Super 1600 championship (later J-WRC) in\n\nHelmingham Hall is a moated manor house in Helmingham, Suffolk, England. It was begun by John Tollemache in 1480 and has been owned by the Tollemache family ever since. The house is built around a courtyard in typical late medieval/Tudor style. The house is listed Grade I on the National Heritage List for England, and its park and formal gardens are also Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. History The present Helmingham Hall may have been initially constructed in 1510 on the site of an earlier house called Creke Hall. The exterior was altered between 1745 and 1760, again in 1800 by John Nash, and in 1840. The original half-timbered walls have been concealed by brick and tiles. The house is surrounded by a moat 60 feet wide, over which it is reached only by two working drawbridges, which have been pulled up every night\n\nQuestion: What is Feldbach, Styria", "output": "Feldbach is a town in the southeast of the Austrian state of Styria, near the Slovenian and Hungarian border."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Claudio Marcelo Morel Rodr\u00edguez (born 2 February 1978) is a Paraguayan former footballer. He holds the player record for Copa Sudamericano wins with three - with San Lorenzo in 2002, and Boca Juniors in 2004 and 2005. He also played as a left back for the Paraguay national team. He is the son of ex-Paraguayan footballer Eugenio Morel. Career Club career San Lorenzo Morel Rodr\u00edguez started his career in Argentina with San Lorenzo in the Primera Divisi\u00f3n. In the 2000\u201301 season he won the Clausura with San Lorenzo, and in 2001 he helped them win the Copa Mercosur, beating Brazilian club Flamengo in the final. He scored his first goal for the club on 5 October 2002 in a 2\u20131 win over Newell's Old Boys at the Estadio Pedro Bidegain. He won the 2002 Copa Sudamericana with the club, beating Atl\u00e9tico Nacional of Colombia 4\u20130 in the final in November\n\nThe Glasgow, Yoker and Clydebank Railway was a railway company that opened in 1882, giving a rail connection to shipyards and other industry that developed in what became Clydebank. At first it was a purely local line, connecting only at Stobcross with the North British Railway, but as industry developed in the area it served it became increasingly important. It was built from a junction near the present-day Jordanhill railway station to a terminus at Clydebank, and in 1897 it was extended to Dalmuir. Most of the route is still in use as the Yoker section of the North Clyde suburban network. History North Clyde railways In 1858 the Glasgow, Dumbarton and Helensburgh Railway opened, forming the first railway connection from the city to the north bank of the Clyde. However the line ran a considerable distance from the river until it reached Bowling, and the intervening area was for\n\nGdynia G\u0142\u00f3wna railway station (Polish for Gdynia main station) is the main railway station serving the city of Gdynia, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station opened in 1921 and is located on the Nowa Wie\u015b Wielka\u2013Gdynia Port railway, Gda\u0144sk\u2013Stargard railway and the parallel Gda\u0144sk \u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie\u2013Rumia railway. Trains are operated by PKP, Polregio and SKM Tricity. History The first railway station in the centre of Gdynia opened on 1 January 1894. Initially, it held only a small wooden waiting room, several lamps and a board identifying name of the stop. In 1920, Gdynia began to grow very quickly as a city and a port under the Second Polish Republic, and this resulted in a significant increase in passenger rail traffic. Therefore, between 1923 and 1926, a new imposing art-deco (with regional Pomeranian accents) main building was constructed, designed by Romuald Miller and opening on 15 July 1926. Its interior featured\n\nQuestion: What's Glasgow, Yoker and Clydebank Railway?", "output": "The Glasgow, Yoker and Clydebank Railway was a railway company that opened in 1882, giving a rail connection to shipyards and other industry that developed in what became Clydebank."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kanchi was a southern kingdom mentioned in the epic Mahabharata. This kingdom took part in the Kurukshetra War. It is identified as the Kanchi city in Tamil Nadu. References in Mahabharata The myth of origin of Kanchis Mahabharata, Book 1, Chapter 177 When the sage Vasistha was attacked by king Viswamitra's army, Vasistha's cow, Kamadehnu, brought forth from her tail, an army of Palhavas, and from her udders, an army of Dravidas and Sakas; and from her womb, an army of Yavanas, and from her dung, an army of Savaras; and from her urine, an army of Kanchis; and from her sides, an army of Savaras. And from the froth of her mouth came out hosts of Paundras and Kiratas, Yavanas and Sinhalas, and the barbarous tribes of Khasas and Chivukas and Pulindas and Chinas and Hunas with Keralas, and numerous other Mlechchhas. In the ancient Indian literature, cow is\n\nGaspare Pisciotta (Montelepre, 5 March 1924 \u2013 Palermo, 9 February 1954) was a companion of the Sicilian bandit Salvatore Giuliano, and considered to be the co-leader of his outlaw band. He is also the Judas in Giuliano's legend as he betrayed Giuliano and killed him. Origins Gaspare Pisciotta, nicknamed Aspanu by friends, was born in Montelepre in Western Sicily in 1924. While Giuliano remained in Montelepre during the war, Pisciotta joined the army and was captured fighting against the Germans. He was released in 1945 and returned to Sicily, joining Giuliano's separatist campaign and thus being one of the founding members of his band. Trial Shortly after Giuliano's death on 5 July 1950, Pisciotta was captured and brought to trial for his crimes as a bandit. During the trial for the Portella della Ginestra massacre he made the startling revelation that it had been he who assassinated Giuliano in his\n\nThe Lyngen Alps () are a mountain range in northeastern Troms og Finnmark county in Norway, east of the city of Troms\u00f8. The mountain range runs through the municipalities of Lyngen, Balsfjord, and Storfjord. The mountains follow the western shore of the Lyngen fjord in a north-south direction. The length of the range is at least (depending on definition\u2014there are mountains all the way south to the border with Sweden) and the width is . The mountains dominate the Lyngen Peninsula, which is bordered by the Lyngen fjord to the east, and the Ullsfjorden to the west. There are 140 glaciers in the mountains covering about 141 km2 of the Lyngen Peninsula at present. Gamvikbl\u00e5isen and Strupenbreen are the two largest in the outer part of the peninsula, while in the interior Fornesbreen and the Jiehkkev\u00e1rri glacial complex are the largest. The bedrock consists of a belt of ophiolitic gabbro\n\nQuestion: What is Kanchi Kingdom?", "output": "Kanchi was a southern kingdom mentioned in the epic Mahabharata."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Austrian School is a heterodox school of economic thought that advocates strict adherence to methodological individualism, the concept that social phenomena result exclusively from the motivations and actions of individuals. Austrian school theorists hold that economic theory should be exclusively derived from basic principles of human action. The Austrian School originated in Vienna with the work of Carl Menger, Eugen von B\u00f6hm-Bawerk, Friedrich von Wieser, and others. It was methodologically opposed to the Historical School (based in Germany), in a dispute known as Methodenstreit, or methodology struggle. Current-day economists working in this tradition are located in many different countries, but their work is still referred to as Austrian economics. Among the theoretical contributions of the early years of the Austrian School are the subjective theory of value, marginalism in price theory and the formulation of the economic calculation problem, each of which has become an accepted part of mainstream\n\nContinental Europe or mainland Europe is the contiguous mainland of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands. It can also be referred to ambiguously as the European continent, \u2013 which can conversely mean the whole of Europe \u2013 and, by some, simply as the Continent. When Eurasia is regarded as a single continent, Europe is treated both as a continent and subcontinent. Usage The continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire was one of the many old cultural concepts used for mainland Europe. This was consciously invoked in the 1950s as one of the basis for the prospective European integration (see also multi-speed Europe) The most common definition of mainland Europe excludes these continental islands: the Greek islands, Cyprus, Malta, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, the Balearic Islands, Great Britain and Ireland and surrounding islands, Novaya Zemlya and the Nordic archipelago, as well as nearby oceanic islands, including the Canary Islands, Madeira, the Azores,\n\nDana Schutz (born 1976 in Livonia, Michigan) is an American artist who lives and works in Brooklyn, New York. Schutz is known for her gestural, figurative paintings that often take on specific subjects or narrative situations as a point of departure. Early life and education Schutz was born and grew up in Livonia, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. Her mother was an art teacher in a junior high school and an amateur painter, her father a high school counselor. An only child, Schutz graduated in 1995 from Adlai E. Stevenson High School. In 1999, while pursuing her BFA at the Cleveland Institute of Art, Schutz then went abroad to attend the Norwich School of Art and Design in Norwich, England. That same year, she participated in Maine's Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture residency program, and in 2000 completed her BFA upon her return to Cleveland. In 2002, Schutz received\n\nQuestion: Define Continental Europe.", "output": "Continental Europe or mainland Europe is the contiguous mainland of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Romance on Lushan Mountain () is a 1980 colour film produced in China. It was in its entirety shot at Lushan Mountain in Jiujiang, China and was directed by Huang Zumo (). It is alternatively known as A Love Story at Lushan Mountain and Love on Lushan Mountain. The film sold more than 140 million tickets and grossed more than in China. It holds the Guinness World Record for \"the longest first run of a film in one cinema\" for having been shown continuously since 1980. Plot In the 1970s, after the establishment of diplomat relation between the People's Republic of China and the United States, Zhou Jun, the daughter of a retired Kuomintang general, Zhou Zhenwu, who now lives in America, visits mainland China for sightseeing. In Mount Lu, she meets Geng Hua, a young man who is preparing his college entrance exams, and they fall in love. Geng's\n\nArne Rettedal (25 July 1926 \u2013 28 December 2001) was Norwegian engineer, businessperson and politician for the Conservative Party. He is best known as the Minister of Local Government and Labour from 1981 to 1986, mayor of Stavanger from 1965 to 1967 and 1972 to 1981 and county mayor of Rogaland from 1988 to 1991. He was born in Madla as a son of farmer Ola Rettedal (1882\u20131956) and Rakel Kristine Berge (1884\u20131963). He finished his secondary education in 1947, and enrolled at the Norwegian Institute of Technology where he graduated in engineering in 1957. He worked four years as an engineer before he started his own consulting company. Within local politics, he was a member of Madla municipal council from 1960 to 1964, serving as mayor in the last year. From 1965 to 1981 he was a member of Stavanger city council, serving as mayor from 1965 to 1967\n\nNoel Devine (born February 16, 1988) is a former American football running back. Devine played college football for the West Virginia Mountaineers and holds the record for career-all purpose yardage (5,761 yards). Devine was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL) as an undrafted free agent in 2011, but was released four days later after departing the team due to personal matters. Devine spent several years playing in the Canadian Football League (CFL) and helped guide the West Virginia Roughriders of the American Arena League (AAL) to the 2019 championship. Devine currently owns and operates DevineSpeed, LLC, a speed training business where he trains young athletes at all levels. Devine, the highest rated recruit in Mountaineer football history, was inducted into the West Virginia University (WVU) Sports Hall of Fame on October 30, 2021. High school career Devine went to North Fort Myers High School, the\n\nQuestion: Who was Arne Rettedal?", "output": "Arne Rettedal was Norwegian engineer, businessperson and politician for the Conservative Party."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Baldassarre Cossa ( 1370 \u2013 22 December 1419) was Pisan antipope John XXIII (1410\u20131415) during the Western Schism. The Catholic Church regards him as an antipope, as he opposed Pope Gregory XII whom the Catholic Church now recognizes as the rightful successor of Saint Peter. He was also an opponent of Antipope Benedict XIII, who was recognized by the French clergy and monarchy as the legitimate Pontiff. Cossa was born in the Kingdom of Naples. In 1403, he served as a papal legate in Romagna. He participated in the Council of Pisa in 1408, which sought to end the Western Schism with the election of a third alternative pope. In 1410, he succeeded Antipope Alexander V, taking the name John XXIII. At the instigation of Sigismund, King of the Romans, Pope John called the Council of Constance of 1413, which deposed John XXIII and Benedict XIII, accepted Gregory XII's resignation,\n\nCADA (call sign: 2ONE) is a music radio station based in outer Sydney, Australia, but licensed to Katoomba. It is operated by the Australian Radio Network. History CADA, formerly known as The Edge, is an Australian radio station licensed to Katoomba, New South Wales, and serving the Blue Mountains area of western Sydney. The radio station was launched on 7 September 1935, as 2KA. In December 1937, 2KA moved from 1160 kHz to 780 kHz. A repeater station on 1480 kHz was added in 1978. From November 1978, the station transmitted on 783 kHz on the AM band, with a translator station on 1476 kHz at Emu Plains. Before the station launched its Emu Plains based translator in the late 1970s, it was exclusively a Blue Mountains based licence. The new frequency, 1476 kHz, enabled programmers to extend the audience reach to Penrith, and draw revenue from businesses in the\n\nNewcastle University School of Medicine is the medical school at Newcastle University in England. It was established in 1834 in the city of Newcastle upon Tyne and served as the College of Medicine in connection with Durham University from 1851 to 1870 and then, as a full college of the university, Durham University College of Medicine from 1870 to 1937 when it joined Armstrong College, to form King's College, Durham. In 1963 King's College became the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. The university now uses the name \"Newcastle University\". Curriculum The medical school follows a modern, integrated, systems-based curriculum, and was the first medical school in the country to operate an integrated medical curriculum. It operated in partnership with Durham University's medical school, which was based at the university's Queen's Campus until 2018 when Durham completed their transfer of its medical school to Newcastle. Students complete two years of campus-based\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Antipope John XXIII.", "output": "Baldassarre Cossa was Pisan antipope John XXIII during the Western Schism."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kaya Yanar (born 20 May 1973) is a German (formerly Turkish) comedian, best known for his comedy show Was guckst du?! (Whatcha lookin' at?!). Early life Yanar was born in Frankfurt am Main, West Germany, to Turkish-Arabic immigrants from Antakya. While at school he once told his teacher that he wanted to be a comedian, which made the teacher laugh. In an interview with German talkshow host Johannes B. Kerner Yanar described his childhood as a more liberal one and stated that despite his Turkish nationality, he cannot speak the Turkish language. After graduating from Heinrich-von-Gagern-Gymnasium (a school in Frankfurt) he studied phonetics, American studies and philosophy but left university prior to graduation. Career In his one-man comedy show Was guckst du?!, Yanar toys with well-known cultural stereotypes both as host and main performer. For one of his best known sketches about an East Indian, Ranjid and his pet cow\n\nMagical Circle Guru Guru () is a Japanese manga by Hiroyuki Et\u014d, which was serialized in Enix's Monthly Sh\u014dnen Gangan from 1992 to 2003. It was later adapted into an anime series on October 13, 1994. A second manga series was serialized in Gangan Online in 2012. Mah\u014djin Guru Guru is a light series aimed at older children. It contains occasional toilet gags and some innuendo. It also is a parody of early role-playing video games (RPGs), particularly turn-based games, such as those in the Dragon Quest series. The narrator speaks in place of the dialogue in such games, and this is one of the comedy elements of the show. Information boxes are often displayed on screen with accompanying narration in the traditional RPG style. The overall goal of the two main characters, Nike and Kukuri, is to defeat Giri, the ruler of the darkness. Since the anime is based\n\nA liveblog is blog posting intended to provide coverage of an ongoing event in rolling text, similar to live television or live radio. Liveblogging has increased in usage by news organizations and blogging establishments since the mid-2000s, when it was initially used to broadcast updates of technology conferences in the absence of or alongside streaming video captures, and like microblogging, has gained currency as an online publication format which performs the same function as live television news coverage. The term \"live text\" is also used, for example by the BBC. Operation Incorporative of microblogs (which are continuously updated but are also used widely as a short-form liveblogging platform), a liveblog is a single post which is constantly updated by one or more authors (usually on-location correspondents) with up-to-the-minute logs of the goings-on, and are usually performed during specific types of events rather than as regular features. Furthermore, during longer-running events\n\nQuestion: What is Liveblogging", "output": "A liveblog is blog posting intended to provide coverage of an ongoing event in rolling text, similar to live television or live radio."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A cumulonimbus incus (), also called an anvil cloud, is a cumulonimbus cloud that has reached the level of stratospheric stability and has formed the characteristic flat, anvil-shaped top. It signifies a thunderstorm in its mature stage, succeeding the cumulonimbus calvus stage. Cumulonimbus incus is a subtype of cumulonimbus capillatus. These clouds are commonly associated with severe weather, including heavy rain, downbursts, and occasionally a tornado. Hazards A cumulonimbus incus is a mature thunderstorm cloud generating many dangerous elements. Lightning: this storm cloud is capable of producing bursts of cloud-to-ground lightning. Hail: hailstones may fall from this cloud if it is a highly unstable environment (which favours a more vigorous storm updraft). Heavy rain: this cloud may drop several inches (centimetres) of rain in a short amount of time. This can cause flash flooding. Strong wind: gale-force winds from a downburst may occur under this cloud. Tornadoes: in severe cases\n\nMary Leona Gage (April 8, 1939 \u2013 October 5, 2010) was an American actress, model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss USA 1957, the first from Maryland to capture the Miss USA crown. She was stripped of her title when it was revealed that she was 18, married, and the mother of two children. Early life She was a toddler when her parents moved from Longview, Texas to nearby Wichita Falls. Her mother worked two jobs. Her father, paralyzed in an industrial accident, stayed home. She was 13 years old when she met 24-year-old Gene Ennis, an airman in the U.S. Air Force. When Gage became pregnant and attempted to write to Ennis after he shipped out, he never responded. A drugstore employee who was getting married suggested she should get married with a volunteer groom. Gage agreed and they headed to Oklahoma for a double wedding. She\n\nErbach () is a town and the district seat of the Odenwaldkreis (district) in Hesse, Germany. It has a population of around 13,000. Geography Location The town lies in the Mittelgebirge Odenwald at elevations between 200 and 560 m in the valley of the M\u00fcmling. One geological peculiarity is the creek Erdbach's complete disappearance within Dorf-Erbach's community area. The Erdbach reappears near Stockheim. There are several places where the Erdbach disappears into the ground. Neighbouring communities Erbach borders in the north on the town of Michelstadt, in the east on the market town of Kirchzell (in Miltenberg district in Bavaria), in the south on the community of Hesseneck and the town of Beerfelden and in the west on the community of Mossautal (all three in the Odenwaldkreis). A planned merger with the neighbouring town of Michelstadt was blocked in November 2007 by a referendum (B\u00fcrgerentscheid). For the time being, ways\n\nQuestion: What's Erbach im Odenwald?", "output": "Erbach is a town and the district seat of the Odenwaldkreis in Hesse, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Northwest Germanic is a proposed grouping of the Germanic languages, representing the current consensus among Germanic historical linguists. It does not challenge the late 19th-century tri-partite division of the Germanic dialects into North Germanic, West Germanic and East Germanic, but proposes additionally that North and West Germanic (i.e. all surviving Germanic languages today) remained as a subgroup after the southward migration of the East Germanic tribes, only splitting into North and West Germanic later. Whether this subgroup constituted a unified proto-language, or simply represents a group of dialects that remained in contact and close geographical proximity, is a matter of debate, but the formulation of Ringe and Taylor probably enjoys widespread support: There is some evidence that North and West Germanic developed as a single language, Proto-Northwest Germanic, after East Germanic had begun to diverge. However, changes unproblematically datable to the PNWGmc period are few, suggesting that that period of\n\nM\u00f6ng Nai or Mongnai is a town in Mong Nai Township in the Shan State of Burma. Mong is equivalent to Mueang. History Prior to World War II, Mongnai State (Burmese, Mo-Ne) was one of the largest and the most important of the States in the Eastern subdivision of the Southern Shan States. The early history of Mong Nai State is buried in obscurity. The town has been several times burnt, as it has always been the centre of disturbances in the Southern Shan States, and all records have perished in the various fires. The original city, according to Burmese accounts, was founded in the year 24 of Religion (519 BC) by Sao Hkio, who was the first of a line of independent Chiefs. In about 1223 AD, Mong Nai was conquered by Sam Long Hpa of the Northern Shan Empire and became tributary to Se Lan, the old Mong\n\nAlexander Jannaeus ( ; Yanna\u02bey; born Jonathan ) was the second king of the Hasmonean dynasty, who ruled over an expanding kingdom of Judaea from 103 to 76 BCE. A son of John Hyrcanus, he inherited the throne from his brother Aristobulus I, and married his brother's widow, Queen Salome Alexandra. From his conquests to expand the kingdom to a bloody civil war, Alexander's reign has been generalised as cruel and oppressive with never-ending conflict. The major historical sources of Alexander's life are Josephus's Antiquities of the Jews and The Jewish War. The kingdom of Alexander Jannaeus was the largest and strongest known Jewish State outside of biblical sources, having conquered most of Palestine's Mediterranean coastline and regions surrounding the Jordan River. Alexander also had many of his subjects killed for their disapproval of his handling of state affairs. Due to his territorial expansion and interactions with his subjects, he\n\nQuestion: What is Northwest Germanic", "output": "Northwest Germanic is a proposed grouping of the Germanic languages, representing the current consensus among Germanic historical linguists."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The fauna of Madagascar is a part of the wildlife of Madagascar. Madagascar has been an isolated island for about 70 million years, breaking away from Africa around 165 million years ago, then from India nearly 100 million years later. This isolation led to the development of a unique endemic fauna. Before humans arrived about 2,000 years ago, there were many large and unusual animals living there, descended from species that were originally present when Madagascar became an island, or from species that later crossed the sea to Madagascar. Ecological niches were often filled by animals with quite different histories from those on the African mainland, often leading to convergent evolution. A large proportion of these endemic Malagasy animals have died out since the arrival of humans, most particularly the megafauna. Despite this, and massive deforestation, Madagascar is still home to an incredible array of wildlife, the vast majority of\n\nStop, drop and roll is a simple fire safety technique taught to children, emergency service personnel and industrial workers as a component of health and safety training in some of the anglophone world, particularly in North America. It involves three steps fire victims should follow to minimize injury in the event their clothing catches fire. Procedure Stop, drop and roll consists of three components: Stop \u2013 The fire-affected person stops, ceasing any movement which may fan the flames or hamper those attempting to put the fire out. Drop \u2013 The fire-affected person drops to the ground, lying down if possible, covering his face with his hands to avoid facial injury. Roll \u2013 The fire-affected person rolls on the ground in an effort to extinguish the fire by depriving it of oxygen. If the victim is on a rug or one is nearby, he can roll the rug around himself to\n\nFerdinand Nicolai Roll (28 May 1831 \u2013 28 February 1921) was a Norwegian jurist and politician for the Conservative Party. He was born in Trondhjem as the son of judge and politician Jacob Roll and his third wife Nicoline Selmer. He had three siblings. Like his father, he took a law education, enrolling as a student in 1847 and graduating as cand.jur. in 1852. In 1870 he was appointed district stipendiary magistrate (sorenskriver) in Romsdalens Amt. He resided in Molde. While stationed here, he was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1877, representing the constituency of Aalesund og Molde. He was re-elected in 1880 and 1883. When the first cabinet Stang assumed office in 1889, Roll was brought in as a part of the executive branch of government. He was appointed Minister of Justice and the Police on 13 July. He left on 30 June 1890 to become a member\n\nQuestion: Define Fauna of Madagascar.", "output": "The fauna of Madagascar is a part of the wildlife of Madagascar."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kentucky Alleyne Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia. The park is located 38 kilometres south of Merritt, British Columbia. History The park was established March 5, 1981. The park is nearly surrounded by the 115-year-old Douglas Lake Ranch, Canada's largest cattle ranch. Geography The park is 190 hectares in size. Several kettle lakes, eskers and fluvial outwash deposits are solid evidence of the glacial activity that formed the landscape. Rolling grasslands and dry open forest with some large, mature Douglas fir and Ponderosa pine surround the sparkling turquoise waters of Kentucky Lake and Alleyne Lake. The park features 58 vehicle-accessible campsites and 1 group campsite. Conservation Ecosystem: aspen trees and juniper shrubs Birds: goldeneye, mallards, teal, grebe, hawks and falcons. Wildlife: jack rabbits and ground squirrels Recreation The following recreational activities are available: vehicle accessible camping, motorized boating, canoeing, kayaking, and fishing (the lakes are stocked with\n\nA Francophile, also known as Gallophile, is a person who has a strong affinity towards any or all of the French language, French history, French culture and/or French people. That affinity may include France itself or its history, language, cuisine, literature, etc. The term \"Francophile\" can be contrasted with Francophobe (or Gallophobe), someone who shows hatred or other forms of negative feelings towards all that is French. Some Welsh, who are closely connected to Brittany, prefer calling themselves \"Gallophiles\" to \"Walophiles\". A Francophile may enjoy French artists (such as Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Edgar Degas, Paul C\u00e9zanne, and Henri Matisse); authors and poets (such as Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas, Voltaire, Honor\u00e9 de Balzac, and George Sand), musicians (such as Daft Punk, Serge Gainsbourg, \u00c9dith Piaf, Johnny Hallyday, and Carla Bruni), filmmakers (such as Jean-Luc Godard, Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut, Robert Bresson, and Jean-Pierre Melville), and cuisine (such as baguettes, croissants, frog legs,\n\nAll in a Night's Work is the ninth studio album by the funk and disco group KC and the Sunshine Band. The album was produced by Harry Wayne Casey and Richard Finch and was released in August 1982 on the Epic label. History All in a Night's Work sparked a brief return to success for the band, including the hit track \"Give It Up\", which became a number 1 hit in the UK and Ireland, and reached number 18 on the pop charts in the United States. Track listing Personnel Harry Wayne Casey \u2013 lead vocals, backing vocals, keyboards, arrangements Gary King \u2013 keyboards, guitars, bass, backing vocals, assisting arrangements Steven Gordon \u2013 guitars James Magnole \u2013 guitars Richard Finch \u2013 bass, drums, percussion, arrangements Fermin Goytisolo \u2013 percussion, assisting arrangements Jimmy \"Bo\" Horne \u2013 percussion, assisting arrangements Gary Herbig \u2013 saxophones Bill Reichenbach Jr. \u2013 trombone Larry Hall \u2013\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Kentucky Alleyne Provincial Park is.", "output": "Kentucky Alleyne Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Lake Placid Stakes is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old fillies over a distance of one and one-sixteenths miles on the turf course scheduled annually in late July or early August at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York. The event currently carries a purse of $200,000. History The event was inaugurated on 20 August 1984 as the Nijana Stakes and was won by the Edward P. Evans owned Possible Mate as part of an entry with Miss Audimar leading throughout the race to win by 2 lengths in a time of 1:50 flat. The event was named after the broodmare Nijana, who as a two-year-old won the Grade III Schuylerville Stakes in 1975 at Saratoga. In 1986 the event was upgraded to the Grade III and in 1999 to Grade II. In 1998 the event was renamed the Lake Placid Stakes after the village\n\nIsle of the Ape is an adventure module for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game World of Greyhawk campaign setting, in which the events occur in a magical demiplane of the same name created by the mad archmage Zagyg Yragerne. Plot overview Isle of the Ape is a scenario in which the player characters encounter a gargantuan ape on an isolated island. The module includes two new magic spells, and uses rules from the Unearthed Arcana rulebook. According to From the Ashes, this adventure was set in a demiplane accessed via Castle Tenser. Publication history Isle of the Ape, also referred to by its module code WG6, was written by Gary Gygax as a module for the 1st Edition Advanced Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game. It was published by TSR, Inc. in 1985 as a 48-page booklet with a two-color map and an outer folder. Because it is one of\n\nThe Singer Bowl was the former name for a stadium in the northeastern United States, located in Flushing Meadows\u2013Corona Park in the New York City borough of Queens. It was an early example of naming rights in large venues. History The stadium was designed by Eggers & Higgins and intended to be a temporary structure. It opened in 1964, built by the Singer Sewing Machine Company, and was donated for use at the It was taken over by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation after the conclusion of the fair. It later hosted various Olympic trials and concerts, including the New York Rock Festival in 1968, a concert headlined by with as the opening act on August 2. Later in the month, The Jimi Hendrix Experience and Big Brother and the Holding Company (with Janis Joplin) were also part of the festival at the stadium. Two years\n\nQuestion: What's Isle of the Ape?", "output": "Isle of the Ape is an adventure module for the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game World of Greyhawk campaign setting, in which the events occur in a magical demiplane of the same name created by the mad archmage Zagyg Yragerne."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nathan Knox (born 13 July 1981 in Christchurch, New Zealand) is a former professional football player who played in the US for Minnesota, Seattle and Atlanta. Career College and Amateur Knox played college soccer for Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota while completing his degree, and spent his summers playing semi-professional football in his native New Zealand, for Rangers and Canterbury United in the New Zealand Football Championship. Professional Knox signed his first professional contract in 2006 with Minnesota Thunder of the USL First Division. In 2007, he moved to the Seattle Sounders in the same league before transferring to the Atlanta Silverbacks in the spring of 2008. On 8 August 2008, the Silverbacks traded Knox back to the Minnesota Thunder in exchange for Aaron Paye. Honors Seattle Sounders USL First Division Commissioner's Cup: 2007 References External links Minnesota Thunder bio 1981 births Living people New Zealand men's association footballers\n\nPolar fleece is a soft napped insulating fabric made from polyester. Uses Polar fleece is used in jackets, hats, sweaters, sweatpants, cloth diapers (nappies), gym clothes, hoodies, pajamas, blankets, and high-performance outdoor clothing. The produced fleece can be used to create clothes that are very light, soft, and easy to wash. Polar fleece can stretch more easily in one direction than in others. History Polar fleece originated in Massachusetts in 1979 when Malden Mills (now Polartec LLC), and Patagonia developed Synchilla (synthetic chinchilla). It was a new, light, strong pile fabric meant to mimic, and in some ways surpass, wool. Malden Mills CEO Aaron Feuerstein intentionally declined to patent polar fleece, allowing the material to be produced cheaply and widely by many vendors, leading to the material's quick and wide acceptance. Malden Mills registered PolarFleece as a trademark with the United States Patent and Trademark Office on October 6, 1981.\n\nKong Fuzi (), more usually Kongzi (; , \u2013 ), commonly Latinized as Confucius, was a Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages. Confucius's teachings and philosophy underpin East Asian culture and society, and remain influential across China and East Asia to this day. His philosophical teachings, called Confucianism, emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice, kindness, and sincerity, as well as an emphasis on a ruler's duty to their subjects. Confucius considered himself a transmitter for the values of earlier periods which he claimed had been abandoned in his time. The time immediately following Confucius's life saw a rich diversity of thought, and was a formative period in China's intellectual history. His ideas gained in prominence during the Warring States period, but experienced setback immediately following the Qin conquest. Under Emperor Wu of Han, Confucius's ideas\n\nQuestion: Define Polar fleece.", "output": "Polar fleece is a soft napped insulating fabric made from  polyester."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Pyrylium is a cation (positive ion) with formula , consisting of a six-membered ring of five carbon atoms, each with one hydrogen atom, and one positively charged oxygen atom. The bonds in the ring are conjugated as in benzene, giving it an aromatic character. In particular, because of the positive charge, the oxygen atom is trivalent. Pyrilium is a mono-cyclic and heterocyclic compound, one of the oxonium ions. Salts Pyrylium and its derivatives form stable salts with a variety of anions. Derivatives Many important cations are formally derived from pyrylium by substitution of various functional groups for some or all the hydrogens in the ring. The 2,4,6-triphenylpyrilium, referred to as the Katritzky salt, (after Alan R. Katritzky) is an important example used in many modern examples of metal catalyzed cross-couplings. Chemical properties Like other oxonium ions, pyrylium is unstable in neutral water. However, pyrylium is much less reactive than ordinary\n\nTrevor Boys (November 3, 1957 \u2013 February 2, 2023) was a Canadian race car driver. He raced in 102 Winston Cup races from 1982 to 1993, posting two top-ten finishes, and ran six races in the Craftsman Truck Series in 2003, his best finish in that series being a 22nd at Memphis Motorsports Park. In October 2006, he attempted to start racing again with a team called H&K Motorsports. H&K Motorsports was a co-owned business with Eddie Kucharski. Boys made two NASCAR Busch Series starts in 2007, both for Randy MacDonald. He started 40th at Milwaukee and finished nine laps down in 29th. His final NASCAR start was at the race in Montreal at the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve. He started 41st and finished 35th with transmission troubles on the road course. Boys died on February 2, 2023, at the age of 65. Motorsports career results NASCAR (key) (Bold \u2013 Pole\n\nThe South Grand Island Bridge is a pair of twin two-lane truss arch bridges spanning the Niagara River between Tonawanda and Grand Island in New York, United States. Each bridge carries one direction of Interstate 190 (I-190) and New York State Route 324 (NY 324). Both crossings are operated by the New York State Thruway Authority as part of the Niagara Thruway. The southbound span was opened in 1935 and acquired by the State of New York in 1950. The northbound span was finished in 1963. A northbound-only toll is collected via Electronic Tolling. Description The bridges are twin truss arch bridges with a steel through-arch in the middle. Both crossings have a navigation clearance, which was designed to allow tall lake freighters and tanker ships to pass beneath it. A northbound-only toll is presently collected via open-road cashless tolling. The open-road tolling began operating on March 29, 2018, replacing\n\nQuestion: What's Pyrylium?", "output": "Pyrylium is a cation with formula , consisting of a six-membered ring of five carbon atoms, each with one hydrogen atom, and one positively charged oxygen atom."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mlje\u010danica () is a spa village located in the municipality of Kozarska Dubica, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Special Hospital \"Mlje\u010danica\" is a center for physiatrics and rehabilitation. According to the 2013 census, the village had 160 residents. History Mineral water of Mlje\u010danica was first described by Austrian chemist in 1888, but remained in use only by local residents. In the 1970s, more thorough hydro-geological studies were conducted, as well as a detailed physical and chemical analysis of the water. Construction of the spa began in the early 1980s, including a stationary with 105 beds, restaurant and accompanying facilities. The spa officially opened on 4 July 1987. Patients come to Mlje\u010danica for treatment of brain strokes and hemiplegia; rheumatic diseases (inflammation and degenerative, knuckle or out-knuckle rheumatism); gastrointestinal diseases; gynecological diseases, and post-traumatic and post-surgery conditions. The natural mineral water is classified as a magnesium-calcium-sodium-sulfide water. The temperature at the source\n\nAustralian rules football in South East Queensland has a varied history and many changes were made especially in the 21st century. Ruled and organised by the AFL Queensland, the region had a total of 46 teams playing in different divisions. Occasionally inter-zone matches are held with separate South East Queensland representative sides taking part, they include the \"Gold Coast Stingrays\", the \"Suncoast Power\", the \"Western Taipans\", and the \"Northern Raiders\". Additionally when the South East competes together they are known as the \"South East Bushrangers\". History Early beginning The earliest known record of Australian rules football commencing in Queensland was in May 1866, when the Brisbane Football Club was formed, with the aim of keeping cricketers fit in the winter months. The club played its first match on Saturday 9 June 1866 at Queen's Park (now part of the Brisbane City Botanic Gardens). By 1870 four more clubs had been\n\n(; ) is a 1972 Indian Hindustani-language musical romantic drama film that was written, directed, and produced by Kamal Amrohi. The film stars Ashok Kumar, Meena Kumari, and Raaj Kumar. It tells the story of Sahibjaan, a Lucknow-based tawaif. While asleep on a train, Sahibjaan receives a note from a stranger praising her beauty. Later, evacuating from a broken boat, she takes shelter in a tent and finds out its owner, a forest ranger named Salim, wrote the letter. Sahibjaan and Salim plan to get married, causing conflicts with Sahibjaan's professional background. Amrohi, to whom Kumari was married, wanted to make a film dedicated to his wife; he began conceiving the story after the release of their collaborative film Daaera (1953). Production lasted 15 years. principal photography commenced in 1956 under the German cinematographer Josef Wirsching. The film faced many obstacles, particularly Amrohi and Kumari's separation in 1964 and Kumari's\n\nQuestion: Define Mlje\u010danica.", "output": "Mlje\u010danica is a spa village located in the municipality of Kozarska Dubica, Bosnia and Herzegovina."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Montclair Art Museum (MAM) is located in Montclair, New Jersey and holds a collection of over 12,000 objects showcasing American and Native North American art. Through its public programs, art classes, and exhibitions, MAM strives to create experiences that inspire, challenge, and foster community to shape our shared future. Since it opened in 1914 as the first museum in New Jersey that granted access to the public and the first dedicated solely to art, it has been privately funded. Collection The Montclair Art Museum (MAM) is one of the few museums in the United States devoted to American art and Native American art forms. The collection consists of more than 12,000 works. The American collection comprises paintings, prints, drawings, photographs, and sculpture dating from the 18th century to the present. The museum's holdings of traditional and contemporary American Indian art and artifacts represent the cultural achievements in weaving, pottery,\n\nUSS Whitehurst (DE-634), a of the United States Navy, was named in honor of Ensign Henry Purefoy Whitehurst, Jr., a crew member of the who was killed during the Battle of Savo Island in August 1942. Service history Whitehurst (DE-634) was laid down on 21 March 1943 at San Francisco, California, by the Bethlehem Steel Co.; launched on 5 September 1943; sponsored by Mrs Robie S. Whitehurst, mother of Ensign Whitehurst and commissioned on 19 November 1943. World War II Following shakedown off the west coast, Whitehurst proceeded to Hawaii, arriving at Pearl Harbor on 4 February 1944. Underway for the Solomons on the 7th, she sailed via Majuro and Funafuti with and SC-502, escorting SS George Ross, SS George Constantine and SS Robert Lucas, arriving on 23 February at Espiritu Santo in the New Hebrides. After shifting to Noum\u00e9a, New Caledonia, and back to Espiritu Santo, Whitehurst joined and\n\nTijuana Smalls is a brand of flavored cigarettes that was produced after a prohibition on advertising cigarettes on television in the United States that was signed into law by President Richard Nixon in 1970. These flavored cigarettes were advertised as \"Little Cigars\". The brand's jingle contained the lyrics, \"Tijuana Smalls, ten for the road baby, for you maybe, you know who you are, you know who you are.\" The revised lyrics were written by Susan Dias Karnovsky. According to a New York Times article, the brand was introduced in Boston on January 12, 1970 by the General Cigar Company. The introduction was facilitated by the advertising firm Ogilvy and Mather. Cultural references This brand of cigarettes was mentioned in the chorus of Primus song \"Shake Hands with Beef\" on the Brown Album (1997). In the mid-1970s, \"Wacky Packages\" used a parody called \"Tijuana Smells\" among its stickers. References Cigarette brands\n\nQuestion: What is USS Whitehurst?", "output": "USS Whitehurst, a  of the United States Navy, was named in honor of Ensign Henry Purefoy Whitehurst, Jr., a crew member of the  who was killed during the Battle of Savo Island in August 1942."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Apollo Junior High School is a secondary school in Richardson, Texas. It is part of the Richardson Independent School District. Apollo is one of two intermediate schools that feed L.V. Berkner High School. Founded in 1977, Apollo educates students in grades 7-8. Its approximate annual enrollment is 800 students, nearly twice that of the Texas state average for middle schools. The student-teacher ratio is 16.5:1. Accomplishments The Apollo Junior High Band is the only band in the history of Texas to win the Texas Music Educators Association Honor Band Competition for three consecutive years of eligibility. In 1998 and 2000, teachers at the school were the recipients of the Edyth May Sliffe Award for excellence in mathematics. The Apollo Junior High Symphony Orchestra received straight 1's when they played at UIL which took place in UNT's Performing Arts Center. The 1st Violins, Violas and Harpist received awards for their outstanding\n\nNaushad Waheed (born December 15, 1962, in Mal\u00e9) is a cartoonist and painter from the Maldives. He was detained by the government for four months following the publication of one of his cartoons in the magazine Hukuru in 1999. In 2001, he was arrested for participating in debates critical of the government, tried for treason, and sentenced to 15 years in prison. He was released on February 22, 2006. Naushad Waheed is also the brother of Dr. Mohammed Waheed Hassan, a leading political figure who served as the 5th president of Maldives from 7 February 2012 to 17 November 2013. He was appointed as Deputy High Commissioner of Maldives to the UK in 2008 after the new government settled into place. References External links Naushad Arts Naushad's Biography Amnesty International press release Official website of Dr. Waheed, Naushad's brother High Commission role for Naushad Mohammed Waheed Hassan 1962 births Living\n\nPhilippe DeRouville (born August 7, 1974) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 3 games in the National Hockey League with the Pittsburgh Penguins during the 1994\u201395 and 1996\u201397 seasons. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1994 to 2008, was spent in the minor leagues and then in Europe. Playing career DeRouville was a top prospect in junior hockey but his National Hockey League tenure lasted all of three games in the 1990s. He bounced around the minors for five years before playing in various European leagues. Born in Victoriaville, Quebec, DeRouville played in the QAAA with Magog before joining Longueuil Coll\u00e8ge Fran\u00e7ais of the QMJHL. He was chosen 115th overall by the Pittsburgh Penguins in 1992 then returned to junior for two more years. DeRouville represented Canada at the 1993 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. The gifted youngster was named to the league's second\n\nQuestion: Who was Naushad Waheed?", "output": "Naushad Waheed is a cartoonist and painter from the Maldives."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jacob Fahlstr\u00f6m (c.1794\u20131859), also known as Father Jacob, was the very first Swede to settle in Minnesota. He was known as Ozaawindib or \"Yellow Head\" to the Ojibwe, and to other white settlers as the \"Swede Indian.\" After working in the fur trade for the Hudson's Bay Company in Manitoba, he joined the American Fur Company at Fond du Lac (in present-day Duluth) as a boatman. In 1823, he married Margaret Bonga, the part-Ojibwe daughter of Pierre Bonga, a French African interpreter in the fur trade. Around 1825, he started working for the U.S. government as a woodsman, mail carrier, and blacksmith's striker at the St. Peter's Indian Agency next to Fort Snelling. In 1838, Fahlstr\u00f6m became the first Methodist convert in Minnesota. In 1840, he became a lay preacher for the Methodist Episcopal Church and was considered one of their most successful missionaries to Native Americans in the region.\n\nCooper Lake State Park is a Texas State Park in Delta and Hopkins counties, about three miles (5 km) south of Cooper, Texas. The park is situated on Jim Chapman Lake, formerly known as Cooper Lake. There are actually two geographically separate units; the Doctors Creek unit is located on the north side of the lake, in Delta County, while the South Sulphur unit is located on the south side of the lake, in Hopkins County. History The park's land was inhabited by Caddo people until the 1800s, when settlers brought the agriculture (including cotton and dairy) and livestock industries to the area. Cooper Lake itself was built between 1986 and 1991, by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nature The park lies at the intersection of the Tallgrass Prairie and Post Oak Savannah ecoregions. There is a diverse variety of mammals (including the gray fox and nine-banded armadillo) and\n\nForsinard railway station () is a railway station serving the village of Forsinard in the Highland council area in the north of Scotland. It is located on the Far North Line, from Inverness, between Kinbrace and Altnabreac. The station is managed by ScotRail, who operate the services at the station. History The Sutherland and Caithness Railway was authorised in 1871, and the single-track line, which connected with and , opened on 28 July 1874. One of the original stations was that at Forsinard. From 1 January 1923 the station was owned by the London Midland and Scottish Railway. In September 1925, it was recorded as being from Perth, measured via and Inverness station. The station is from Inverness, and has a passing loop long, flanked by two platforms. Platform 1 on the up (southbound) line can accommodate trains having four coaches, but platform 2 on the down (northbound) line can\n\nQuestion: What is Cooper Lake State Park", "output": "Cooper Lake State Park is a Texas State Park in Delta and Hopkins counties, about three miles south of Cooper, Texas."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In aviation, a balanced field takeoff is a condition where the takeoff distance required (TODR) with one engine inoperative and the accelerate-stop distance are equal for the aircraft weight, engine thrust, aircraft configuration and runway condition. For a given aircraft weight, engine thrust, aircraft configuration, and runway condition, the shortest runway length that complies with safety regulations is the balanced field length. The takeoff decision speed V1 is the fastest speed at which the pilot must take the first actions to reject the takeoff (e.g. reduce thrust, apply brakes, deploy speed brakes). At speeds below V1 the aircraft can be brought to a halt before the end of the runway. At V1 and above, the pilot should continue the takeoff even if an emergency is recognized. The speed will ensure the aircraft achieves the required height above the takeoff surface within the takeoff distance. To achieve a balanced field takeoff,\n\nAmbergris ( or , , ), ambergrease, or grey amber is a solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish colour produced in the digestive system of sperm whales. Freshly produced ambergris has a marine, fecal odor. It acquires a sweet, earthy scent as it ages, commonly likened to the fragrance of isopropyl alcohol without the vaporous chemical astringency. Ambergris has been highly valued by perfume makers as a fixative that allows the scent to last much longer, although it has been mostly replaced by synthetic ambroxide. Dogs are attracted to the smell of ambergris and are sometimes used by ambergris searchers. Etymology The English word amber derives from the Arabic word (ultimately from Middle Persian ambar, also ambergris), via Middle Latin ambar and Middle French ambre. The word \"amber,\" in its sense of \"ambergris,\" was adopted in Middle English in the 14th century. The word \"ambergris\" comes\n\nDilshod Mahmudov (\u0414\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0434 \u041c\u0430\u0445\u043c\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432; born November 30, 1982) is a retired professional boxer from Uzbekistan who won several medals in international tournaments. Career Formally of Uzbekistan, Dilshod Mahmudov is now based at BHS boxing gym in Blacktown, where he calls home. Under the watchful eyes of Lincoln Hudson and Fidel Tukel, entered the ring and stopped Yodmongkol Singmanasak (11-5-1,7KO\u2019s) of Thailand in the fourth round, one month later took to the ring against Thai, Sataporn Singwancha (19 \u2013 8, 11KO\u2019s) where he showed his total class in destroying the former WBA #14 in 38 seconds into the first round. On feb 13th in Melbourne he made it 3 from 3, crushing Fijian Opeti Tagi (13 \u2013 5, 8KO\u2019s) again in the first round with a crunching body shot. As an amateur Mahmudov was a silver medal winner at the world championships in Thailand in 2005. He replicated the silver medal\n\nQuestion: Define Ambergris.", "output": "Ambergris, ambergrease, or grey amber is a solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish colour produced in the digestive system of sperm whales."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Christofle is a French silverware and tableware company founded in Paris in 1830 by Charles Christofle. The company is known for having introduced electrolytic gilding and silver plating in France in 1842. The company was acquired in 2012 by one of its shareholders, the Chalhoub family's luxury group. History The Christofle company was founded in 1830 by Charles Christofle. Born into a family of Parisian industrialists specializing in precious metal work, Charles Christofle was 15 years old when he began an apprenticeship with his brother-in-law Hugues Calmette, a manufacturer of \"provincial jewelry. In 1830, he took over the family business and in 1832 registered his master's mark at the Paris Guarantee Office to manufacture gold jewelry. Twelve years later, in 1842, he bought from the Frenchman Henri de Ruolz and the Englishman Elkington the patents for gilding and silvering by electrolysis; this technique gave birth to silver plating in France.\n\nThe Ring magazine was established in 1922 and has named a Knockout of the Year since 1989, based on the magazine's writers' criteria. Knockouts of the Year by decade 1980s 1989: Michael Nunn KO 1 Sumbu Kalambay 1990s 1990: Terry Norris KO 1 John Mugabi 1991: no award was given 1992: Morris East KO 11 Akinobu Hiranaka... tie: Kennedy McKinney KO 11 Welcome Ncita 1993: Gerald McClellan TKO 5 Julian Jackson 1994: George Foreman KO 10 Michael Moorersee Michael Moorer vs. George Foreman 1995: Julio C\u00e9sar V\u00e1squez KO 11 Carl Daniels 1996: Wilfredo V\u00e1zquez KO 11 Eloy Rojas 1997: Arturo Gatti KO 5 Gabriel Ruelas 1998: Roy Jones Jr. KO 4 Virgil Hill 1999: Derrick Jefferson KO 6 Maurice Harris 2000s 2000: Ben Tackie KO 10 Robert Garcia 2001: Lennox Lewis KO 4 Hasim Rahmansee Hasim Rahman vs. Lennox Lewis II 2002: Lennox Lewis KO 8 Mike Tysonsee Lennox Lewis\n\nArnold Denny \"Stilts\" Risen (October 9, 1924 \u2013 August 4, 2012) was an American professional basketball player. A 6'9\" (2.06 m) center, he led the Ohio State University Buckeyes to two straight Final Four appearances. Risen had transferred to Ohio State from Eastern Kentucky State Teacher's College. Risen played professionally in the NBA for ten seasons (1948\u20131958) as a member of the Rochester Royals and Boston Celtics. Risen was a four-time All-Star and two-time NBA Champion, and he scored 7,633 points in his NBA career. He was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1998, Ohio State's Varsity \"O\" Hall of Fame in 2004, the College Basketball Hall of Fame in 2006, and the Ohio Basketball Hall of Fame in 2008. Because he settled in Beachwood, Ohio, after his professional career, he was also inducted into the Greater Cleveland Sports Hall of Fame in 2008. Risen died\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Christofle is.", "output": "Christofle is a French silverware and tableware company founded in Paris in 1830 by Charles Christofle."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The ; CSAP) is the Francophone school board for Nova Scotia. History It was created in 1996 to meet the needs of Acadian and French language and education requirements in Nova Scotia. Schools Centre scolaire \u00c9toile de l'Acadie (pr to 12); Sydney \u00c9cole acadienne de Pomquet (pr to 12); Pomquet \u00c9cole Beau-Port (pr to 12); Arichat \u00c9cole NDA (pr to 12); Ch\u00e9ticamp Centre Scolaire de la Rive-Sud (pr to 12); Cookville \u00c9cole acadienne de Truro (pr to 12); Truro \u00c9cole Rose-des-Vents (pr to 12); Greenwood \u00c9cole du Carrefour (5 to 8); Dartmouth \u00c9cole Bois-Joli (pr to 4); Dartmouth \u00c9cole secondaire Mosa\u00efque (9 to 12); Burnside, Nova Scotia \u00c9cole des Beaux-Marais (pr to 4); Porters Lake \u00c9cole secondaire du Sommet (6 to 12); Halifax \u00c9cole Beaubassin (pr to 5); Halifax \u00c9cole du Grand-Portage (pr to 7); Lower Sackville \u00c9cole Belleville (pr to 6); Tusket \u00c9cole Joseph-Dugas (pr to 6); Pointe-de-l'\u00c9glise \u00c9cole\n\nThe Battles of Lexington and Concord were some of the leading military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. The battles were fought on April 19, 1775, in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns of Lexington, Concord, Lincoln, Menotomy (present-day Arlington), and Cambridge. They marked the outbreak of armed conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and Patriot militias from America's thirteen colonies. In late 1774, Colonial leaders adopted the Suffolk Resolves in resistance to the alterations made to the Massachusetts colonial government by the British parliament following the Boston Tea Party. The colonial assembly responded by forming a Patriot provisional government known as the Massachusetts Provincial Congress and calling for local militias to train for possible hostilities. The Colonial government effectively controlled the colony outside of British-controlled Boston. In response, the British government in February 1775 declared Massachusetts to be in a state of rebellion. About 700\n\nPerfect Creature is a 2007 New Zealand horror/thriller film, written and directed by Glenn Standring and starring Saffron Burrows and Dougray Scott, set in an alternate universe New Zealand; it premiered in New Zealand on 18th of October 2007. Plot In a world where males born as vampires join the Brotherhood and drink donated blood from human churchgoers, rather than being killed at birth as in the past, a pregnant woman (Danielle Cormack) gives birth to a vampire. A teenaged Brother, Silus, is told that he and this child, Edgar, are from the same mother. The mother, who is in visible distress, reaches for Silus across the room. A hundred years later, the Jamestown slum sees a series of attacks on women, all found with their throats bitten. Lilly Squires (Saffron Burrows) leads the human police in investigations. She comes from a workhouse in Jamestown and is one of the\n\nQuestion: What is Battles of Lexington and Concord?", "output": "The Battles of Lexington and Concord were some of the leading military engagements of the American Revolutionary War."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "David McGregor Rogers (November 23, 1772 \u2013 July 18, 1824) was a farmer and Member of the 2nd Parliament of Upper Canada. He was born in Londonderry, Vermont, in 1772. the third son and second David born to Capt. James Rogers and Margaret McGregor, the first David having died at the age of four in 1766. He was named after his great-grandfather Rev. David McGregor of Londonderry, New Hampshire. He settled with his family in Fredericksburg Township in Lennox County after the American Revolution. His uncle, Major Robert Rogers, led a group known as Rogers' Rangers during the Seven Years' War. In 1789, Rogers settled on his own farm in Prince Edward County. In 1796, he was elected to the 2nd Parliament of Upper Canada representing Prince Edward County. In 1800, he was elected to represent Hastings and Northumberland; he served in the assembly until 1816 and then from 1820\n\nSchritt f\u00fcr Schritt () is the debut solo album by German recording artist Nadja Benaissa. It was released by Universal Music Urban on February 24, 2006 in German-speaking Europe. Her first solo effort following the disbandment of her former band, No Angels, it signaled a breakaway from the group's Europop sound in favor of a more soul-influenced pop album with German lyrics. Benaissa co-wrote the whole album, which features production by Tino Oac and Giuseppe Porrello, with additional credits from DJ Release, Audiotreats and Fairtone. Upon its release, Schritt f\u00fcr Schritt underperformed, debuting and peaking at number 71 on the German Albums Chart. Track listing Credits and personnel Credits adapted from the liner notes of Schritt f\u00fcr Schritt. Susanne Bader \u2013 brass Loomis Green \u2013 bass guitar Jens Klingelh\u00f6fer \u2013 guitar Luniz \u2013 guitar Alex Nies \u2013 drums / percussion Andreas Neubauer \u2013 drums Annabell Owusu-Ansah \u2013 viola Giuseppe Porrello\n\n\"I'm Outta Love\" is the debut single of American singer Anastacia. Written by Anastacia, Sam Watters, and Louis Biancaniello and produced by the latter two, it was released on February 29, 2000, as the lead single from her debut album, Not That Kind (2000). The song became a major hit in Europe and Australia, reaching number one in Wallonia, Australia and New Zealand; it was the most successful song of 2000 in the latter two regions. It additionally reached the top five in several others, including France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. Background and recording Following a short-living dancing career on television shows such as MTV's Club MTV and work as a backup dancer in music videos, including rap group Salt-N-Pepa's clip for \"Get Up Everybody (Get Up)\", in 1993, Anastacia relocated from New York to Los Angeles in hopes of launching a singing career. Soon after, she signed\n\nQuestion: What is Schritt f\u00fcr Schritt", "output": "Schritt f\u00fcr Schritt is the debut solo album by German recording artist Nadja Benaissa."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Helpmann Awards are accolades for live entertainment and performing arts in Australia, presented by industry group Live Live Performance Australia (LPA) since 2001. The annual awards recognise achievements in the disciplines of musical theatre, contemporary music, comedy, opera, classical music, theatre, dance and physical theatre. Over forty awards are given to productions, festivals and concerts, and for individuals for their work in performance, direction, choreography, lighting, sound, music, costume and scenic design. They are named in honour of ballet dancer, choreographer, director and actor Sir Robert Helpmann. The awards are the Australian equivalent of the United States' Tony Awards for Broadway theatre and the United Kingdom's Laurence Olivier Awards for West End theatre. History The Helpmann Awards were established in 2001 by the Australian Entertainment Industry Association (now known as Live Performance Australia (LPA)). They are named in honour of Australian actor, choreographer, dancer and theatre director, Sir Robert\n\nAltynbek Sarsenbayuly (, Altynbek S\u00e4rsenbai\u016bly; 12 September 1962 \u2013 11 February 2006) was a Kazakh politician who served in the Government of Kazakhstan before becoming a political opposition leader. At the time of his death, he served as co-chairman of the opposition Naghyz Ak Zhol (True Bright Path) party. In 2003, after a long career in senior Kazakh government positions, such as Information Minister and Ambassador to Russia, Sarsenbayuly joined the opposition ranks in protest against what he regarded as the administration's authoritarian policies. Soon after his decision to contest in the 2005 Kazakh presidential election, Sarsenbayuly faced government intimidation tactics, including a physical assault by unidentified individuals during a presidential campaign meeting with voters and the alleged beating of his two nephews in November 2005. Biography Early life and education Sarsenbayuly was born in the village of Qainar in family of 12 children. In 1982, he graduated from the\n\nBullock's was a chain of full-line department stores from 1907 through 1995, headquartered in Los Angeles, growing to operate across California, Arizona and Nevada. Bullock's also operated as many as seven more upscale Bullocks Wilshire specialty department stores across Southern California. Many former Bullock's locations continue to operate today as Macy's. History Bullock's was founded in 1907 at Seventh and Broadway in downtown Los Angeles by John G. Bullock, with the support of The Broadway Department Store owner Arthur Letts. In 1923, Bullock and business partner P.G. Winnett bought out Letts' interest after his death and the companies became completely separated. In 1929 Bullock & Winnett opened a luxury branch on Wilshire Boulevard, referred to at the time as Bullock's Wilshire (the apostrophe would later be removed). In 1944 Bullock's acquired I. Magnin & Co., a venerable San Francisco-based upscale specialty chain. Starting in 1958, Bullock's built a series of\n\nQuestion: Who was Altynbek Sarsenbayuly?", "output": "Altynbek Sarsenbayuly was a Kazakh politician who served in the Government of Kazakhstan before becoming a political opposition leader."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Thomas Seccombe (1866\u20131923) was a miscellaneous English writer and, from 1891 to 1901, assistant editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, in which he wrote over 700 entries. A son of physician and episcopus vagans John Thomas Seccombe, he was educated at Felsted and Balliol College, Oxford, taking a first in Modern History in 1889. Works (editor) Twelve Bad Men: Original Studies of Eminent Scoundrels (1894) The Age of Johnson (1899) The Age of Shakespeare (with John William Allen (1865\u20131944), 1903) Bookman History of English Literature (with W. Robertson Nicoll, 1905\u20136) In Praise of Oxford (1910) Scott Centenary Articles (with W. P. Ker, George Gordon, W. H. Hutton, Arthur McDowall, and R. S. Rait, 1932) The Dictionary of National Biography (assistant editor) References Cousin, John W. A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. 1910. Attribution External links A Guide to the Thomas Seccombe correspondence, NC829. Special Collections, University Libraries, University\n\nIn fashion and clothing, a petite size is a standard clothing size designed specifically for women 164 cm (5 ft 4 in) and under. This categorization is not solely based on a woman's height, but also takes into account the proportions of her body. Petite sizes cater to body shapes that typically have shorter limb lengths, narrower shoulders, and smaller bust sizes. This standard is predominantly recognized in the U.S., but is also utilized in some other regions around the world. Many clothing stores, including both specialty boutiques and major retail chains, offer a range of petite sized styles to accommodate the needs of women 164 cm (5 ft 4 in) or shorter. These styles aim to provide a better fit than regular sizes, which are often tailored based on the proportions of taller individuals. Petite clothing may include tops, bottoms, dresses, and outerwear, as well as specialty items like\n\nLidia Ravera (born 6 February 1951 in Turin, Piedmont) is an Italian writer, journalist, essayist and screenwriter. Ravera has been a regular contributor to the italian edition of Cosmopolitan. Her most popular novel, Porci con le ali (\"Winged Pigs\"), dealt with the disillusionment of her generation with the ideals of the late 1960s. In 1977 Ravera wrote a film adaptation of the book. She'a an atheist. Bibliography Porci con le ali (1976, with ) Ammazzare il tempo (1978) Bambino mio (1979) Bagna i fiori e aspettami (1986) Per funghi (1987) Se dico perdo l'America (1988) Voi grandi (1990) Tempi supplementari (1990) Due volte vent'anni (1992) In quale nascondiglio del cuore: lettera a un figlio adolescente (1993) Il paese di Eseap (1994) Sorelle (\"Sisters\", 1994) I compiti delle vacanze (1997) Nessuno al suo posto (1998) Maledetta giovent\u00f9 (1999) N\u00e9 giovani n\u00e9 vecchi (2000) Un lungo inverno fiorito e altre storie (2001)\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Petite size is.", "output": "In fashion and clothing, a petite size is a standard clothing size designed specifically for women 164\u00a0cm and under."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Football Northern Territory (FNT) is the state governing body for soccer in the Northern Territory, Australia. It is affiliated with Football Australia, the national governing body. The Territory is also separated into three zones \u2013 Northern, Central and FICA (Southern) \u2013 which have their own zone councils which administer leagues locally running their own league and cup competitions. There is currently no overall champion \u2013 the regional winners in 2016 were Hellenic Athletic Club (Northern Zone) and Celtic (FICA). The federation conducts the territory-wide Sport Minister's Cup, which doubles as qualification for the national FFA Cup. Clubs in NT Northern Zone (NorZone) Casuarina FC Darwin Olympic Darwin Hearts Hellenic Athletic Mindil Aces Port Darwin University Azzurri Reserves Only Palmerston Rovers Garuda FC Litchfield SC Past Participant Clubs Darwin City Buffalos Darwin Lions (Pre-2007 known as Afro-Oz FC) Karama United Litchfield SC 1st Brigade Palmerston FC University Rangers Waratahs SC (2007\n\nBrisbane City Football Club is an Australian semi-professional football club based in Newmarket, Brisbane, Queensland. Founded in 1952, the club competed in the National Soccer League until the 1986 season where they were relegated back to State League Competition. Brisbane City competed in the National Premier Leagues Queensland from 2013, until they were relegated to the lower tier Football Queensland Premier League with one match remaining in the 2020 season. They then won 20 out of 20 matches in the 2021 season to earn immediate promotion back to the National Premier Leagues Queensland. Home matches are played at Spencer Park. National Soccer League In 1977 City became a foundation member of the National Soccer League. City's first match was a 0\u20131 defeat to Marconi at Perry Park on 3 April 1977 in front of a crowd of 5,214. Despite struggling in the first two seasons, including finishing bottom, they won\n\nBree Nicole Turner (born March 10, 1977) is an American actress and dancer; she is best known for her role as Rosalee Calvert on Grimm. Early life Turner was born March 10, 1977, in Palo Alto, California and grew up in Alamo, California. Her father is former NFL linebacker Kevin Turner. In 1995, she graduated from Monte Vista High School in Danville, California, where she was voted 1994 Homecoming Queen. She then attended King's College London and University of California, Los Angeles. Career Turner landed her first speaking role in Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo. That same year, she was cast on MTV's late night anthology series Undressed. She also did TV commercials for Gap \"Khaki Country\" and \"Khaki-a-go-go,\" and for Dr. Pepper. Turner was a background dancer in feature films as The Big Lebowski (1998), She's All That (1999) and Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999). She had\n\nQuestion: What is Football Northern Territory?", "output": "Football Northern Territory is the state governing body for soccer in the Northern Territory, Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Do\u011fan\u00e7ay (; ) is a rural neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Midyat, Mardin Province in southeastern Turkey. It is located in the historical region of Tur Abdin. It is populated by Assyrians and by Kurds of the Zaxuran tribe. The village had a population of 159 in 2021. History The Church of Mor Yuhannon in Mzizah was constructed in the 6th century and the village is first mentioned in 1296. In the early 18th century AD, Assyrians from the village of Ain Wardo settled in Mzizah. Later, Assyrians from the villages of Zaz, Kfarbe, Bashoq, Urnus, Rowen, and Merin also settled in Mzizah. The village also experienced an influx of Yazidis from nearby Kefnas in the 1870s. In 1915, during the Assyrian genocide, the majority of the Assyrian population of the village fled to Ain Wardo, where they remained for fifty days until a truce was agreed and\n\nMusical Starstreams (also known as Starstreams) is a terrestrial and internet radio program that first aired in the San Francisco bay area in December 1981. Originally known as Music for Your Inner Space, it has been produced, programmed and hosted by Forest, originally in Mill Valley and now from Maui, for its entire forty year history, except for a twelve-month period from mid-2002, when Madison Cole hosted the show. In 1983 the two-hour weekly show began syndication on commercial terrestrial radio, and in 1985 was picked up for distribution outside the US. It has been heard on over 200 noncommercial and commercial radio stations, cable systems, the internet, XM satellite radio channels and DirecTV. Although initially scoring good ratings nationwide, the show peaked in numbers of terrestrial stations in 1991, the same year it was nominated for Billboard magazine's 'Adult Syndicated Program of the Year.' With the volatile nature of\n\nThe Hotel Green was a hotel in Pasadena, California. It was built in 1893 by George Gill Green, and later expanded by him with two additional buildings in 1898 and 1903, creating a complex of three structures. The Hotel Green was the home of the Valley Hunt Club and the Tournament of Roses association. Hotel Green, designed by Los Angeles-based architect Frederick Roehrig in 1893, was the first of the three buildings. The second building in the complex was originally known as the \"Central Annex\" and became known as \"Castle Green,\" while the third building is known as the \"North Annex.\" The entire block of annexes is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a Pasadena Historic Monument. History Construction on a hotel was initiated in 1887 by developer Edward C. Webster, between Raymond Avenue and the Santa Fe Railroad tracks. Webster's later insolvency led to George\n\nQuestion: What's Musical Starstreams?", "output": "Musical Starstreams is a terrestrial and internet radio program that first aired in the San Francisco bay area in December 1981."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A chinface, sometimes referred to as a chinikin, chinhead, chinman, or chinmonster is a performance, usually of a comical nature, involving someone's chin. By drawing or attaching eyes, it gives the impression of a distorted face when viewed upside down. Origins Physicist Robert W. Wood claimed that he invented this illusion (which he did not name) while a graduate student at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore in 1891-2. \"Lying on the floor one evening and watching the inverted face of one of the graduate students who was talking while standing up, I was intrigued by the ludicrous expressions of the talking mouth when viewed upside down. In my imagination I pictured eyes and nose on the chin to complete a small face engaged in animated conversation. It was screamingly funny, and I at once got out my water colors and painted the eyes and nose in the proper position with\n\nSaint Eormenhild (or Ermenilda, Ermenildis, Ermengild, all meaning \"battle-great\", from eormen- \"great\", hild- \"battle\") (died about 700/703) is a 7th-century Anglo-Saxon saint venerated in the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches. Life She features in the genealogies of various 11th- and 12th-century versions of the Kentish Royal Legend. These describe her as the daughter of King Eorcenberht of Kent and St Seaxburh of Ely, and wife to Wulfhere of Mercia, with whom she had a daughter, St W\u00e6rburh, and a son, Coenred. Eormenhild became a nun after her husband died in 675, and eventually became abbess of Minster-in-Sheppey and Ely consecutively. There are almost no contemporary records for her life. When discussing Wulfhere, Bede mentions neither she nor her daughter W\u00e6rburh. However, her name is mentioned as an abbess in a (copy of a) charter of King Wihtred of Kent, dated 699, along with three other abbesses present at the\n\nOld Alresford ( or ) is a village and civil parish in Hampshire, England. It is north of the town of New Alresford, northeast of the city of Winchester, and south-west of the town of Alton. Alresford Pond is a large water feature south of Old Alresford and north of New Alresford. In 1851, George Sumner, son of Charles Richard Sumner (Bishop of Winchester), became rector of the parish. There his wife, Mary Sumner, started the Mothers' Union, now a global organisation of Anglican women. The first meetings were held in the rectory, now a conference centre known as Old Alresford Place. In 1986, following the closure of the village school and post office, The Old Alresford Dramatic Society (T.O.A.D.S.) was founded as a way of bringing the village together. They perform a pantomime in December each year and a Spring Show, usually in May. St Mary the Virgin parish\n\nQuestion: Define Old Alresford.", "output": "Old Alresford is a village and civil parish in Hampshire, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Phil Joanou (born November 20, 1961) is an American director of film, music videos, and television programs. He is known for his collaborations with the rock band U2, for whom he directed music videos and their 1988 documentary film Rattle and Hum. Biography Joanou was born in La Ca\u00f1ada Flintridge, California, and began making short films on super-8 when he was 14 years old. Joanou studied at UCLA's theater department and then moved on to USC's cinema program. His award winning student film Last Chance Dance caught the eye of Steven Spielberg who hired him to direct two Amazing Stories episodes, \"Santa '85\" and \"The Doll\", when he was 23 years old. John Lithgow won a best actor Emmy Award for his role in \"The Doll\" and memorably said in his acceptance speech, \"I'd like to thank the director, Phil Joanou -- remember that name.\" Spielberg then offered Joanou his\n\nHavsa () is a town in Edirne Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Havsa District. Its population is 8,702 (2022). The mayor is Ayd\u0131n Balkan (AKP). History Havsa was founded by Ancient Romans. When the empire split into two, the city fell into the area of the Byzantine Empire. In 1331, the land was captured by Turks under the leadership of Murat I and the area was named Hosa. After Edirne became the center of the Ottoman Empire, the R\u00fbm population in Hosa abandoned the city and moved to Istanbul and Thessaloniki. After the capture of Constantinople, Turks from Anatolia moved in, making the town Turkish. Geography The town is 21 kilometers away from Edirne, and 218 kilometers from Istanbul. Name The town was called Hosa by the Turks in 1331. After Hafsa Hatun moved to the town, it was called Hafsa. Later, the two names were combined\n\nPerranwell station () is on the Maritime Line between Truro and Falmouth Docks in south-west England. The station is managed by, and the services are operated by, Great Western Railway. History The station was opened as Perran on 24 August 1863 when the Cornwall Railway opened the line from Truro to Falmouth, it was renamed Perranwell on 19 February 1864 to avoid confusion with nearby . It originally had 2 platforms either side of a passing loop, a goods shed with several sidings to south, one of which was equipped with a 2-ton crane, the yard was able to accommodate live stock and most types of goods. The signal box here was very distinctive, being sited on girders above the track alongside the goods shed. The station was host to a GWR camp coach from 1936 to 1939. A camping coach was also positioned here by the Western Region from\n\nQuestion: What is Havsa?", "output": "Havsa is a town in Edirne Province of Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding. The game occurs over the course of several plays, with each play generally beginning when a player on the fielding team, called the pitcher, throws a ball that a player on the batting team, called the batter, tries to hit with a bat. The objective of the offensive team (batting team) is to hit the ball into the field of play, away from the other team's players, allowing its players to run the bases, having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called \"runs\". The objective of the defensive team (referred to as the fielding team) is to prevent batters from becoming runners, and to prevent runners' advance around the bases. A run is scored when a runner legally advances around the bases in order and touches home plate\n\nSir Edward Fry, (4 November 1827 \u2013 19 October 1918) was an English Lord Justice of Appeal (1883\u20131892) and an arbitrator on the Permanent Court of Arbitration. Biography Joseph Fry (1795-1879) and Mary Ann Swaine were his parents. He was a Quaker from a prominent Bristol family which founded and owned the chocolate firm J. S. Fry & Sons. His grandfather was Joseph Storrs Fry (1767\u20131835) and his brothers included a second Joseph Storrs Fry (1826-1913) who ran the firm and Lewis Fry (1832-1921) who was a politician. He was called to the bar in 1854, took silk in 1869 and became a judge in Chancery in 1877, receiving the customary knighthood. He was raised to the Court of Appeal in 1883, and was sworn of the Privy Council. He retired in 1892. Retirement from the court did not mean retirement from legal work. He sat on some cases in\n\nTashi Namgyal Academy (TNA) is a public school in the Himalayan state of Sikkim in India. It was founded in 1926 by the late Sir Tashi Namgyal, KCSI, KCIE, the 11th consecrated Ruler of Sikkim. It is an autonomous English-medium, co-educational and residential-cum-day school. The Founder Sir Tashi Namgyal (Sikkimese: \u0f56\u0f40\u0fb2\u0f0b\u0f64\u0f72\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f62\u0fa3\u0f58\u0f0b\u0f62\u0f92\u0fb1\u0f63\u0f0b; Wylie: Bkra-shis Rnam-rgyal) (26 October 1893 \u2013 2 December 1963) was the ruling Chogyal (King) of Sikkim from 1914 to 1963. He was the son of Thutob Namgyal. Namgyal was the 11th ruler of the Namgyal dynasty of Sikkim, succeeding his half brother Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal, who had ruled from February to December in 1914, till his death from heart failure. Born in Tibet and crowned by the 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso, he was a strong advocate for closer links with India. He was married in October 1918 to Kunzang Dechen, and they had 3 sons and 3\n\nQuestion: What is Tashi Namgyal Academy?", "output": "Tashi Namgyal Academy is a public school in the Himalayan state of Sikkim in India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"The Hands That Built America\" is a song by Irish rock band U2. It was released on the soundtrack to the film Gangs of New York, and was one of two new songs on the group's The Best of 1990\u20132000 compilation (the other being \"Electrical Storm\"). It was nominated for Best Original Song at the 75th Academy Awards, but lost to Eminem's \"Lose Yourself\". Composition \"The Hands That Built America\" is a song about the experience of nineteenth century Irish migrants to New York and their contribution to building America. The song was considered for single release and was announced as such for a 2003 release. The songs \"The Playboy Mansion\" (2003 Version - originally from Pop) and \"That's Life\" (a cover song by Bono and released on the soundtrack for The Good Thief) were announced as B-sides. The release was canceled, however. Soundtrack and inspiration The soundtrack mix of\n\nChris Haywood (born ) is an English-born Australian actor, writer and producer, with close to 500 screen performances to his name. Haywood has also worked as a casting director, art director, sound recordist, camera operator, gaffer, grip, location and unit manager. Early life and education Haywood was born around 1948 in Billericay, Essex, England. He spent his early childhood in Chelmsford before moving to High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire where he attended Royal Grammar School from 1959 to 1965. He then started working in the cellars of a local wine shipper before gaining a place at E15 Acting School. After graduating in 1970 he emigrated to Australia. Career Soon after arriving in Sydney, Haywood became involved with the Nimrod Theatre Company, helping to build the premises with scrap timber. He was the artistic director of the Pros and Cons Playhouse at Parramatta Gaol from 1979 to 1981, and established the drama\n\nThe is a ROM cartridge in the form of a card, designed by Hudson Soft for NEC's PC Engine and PC Engine SuperGrafx video game consoles, which were originally released in 1987 and 1989, respectively. In the United States, where the PC Engine was marketed as the TurboGrafx-16, the HuCard is alternately called the TurboChip. The HuCard is an evolution from an earlier Hudson Soft technology, the Bee Card, which it developed in the early 1980s as a distribution medium for MSX computer software. The Bee Card is an EEPROM device that is slightly thinner than the HuCard. It has 32 connectors whereas the HuCard has 38. Most video game cartridges have a large plastic housing to protect the PCB while providing enough space inside for radiant heat and, less often, a button cell. The PCB in a HuCard or Bee Card is protected by a rigid, glossy polymer that\n\nQuestion: What's HuCard?", "output": "The  is a ROM cartridge in the form of a card, designed by Hudson Soft for NEC's PC Engine and PC Engine SuperGrafx video game consoles, which were originally released in 1987 and 1989, respectively."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Cr\u00e9merie-Restaurant Polidor is a historic restaurant in the 6th arrondissement of Paris. Its predecessor was founded in 1845, and it has had its present name since the beginning of the 20th century. The interior of the restaurant is basically unchanged for over 100 years, and the style of cooking remains that of the late 19th century. The Polidor is located at 41, rue Monsieur-le-Prince in the Od\u00e9on area, near the Jardin du Luxembourg. Its name derives from the cream desserts it served in former decades. Most diners sit at long, shared tables, with communal saltcellars and pots of mustard. Its bathroom, unchanged for decades, has been described as \"legendary.\" In addition to its decor and cuisine, the Polidor is best known for its illustrious clientele. It is said to have been a favourite of Andr\u00e9 Gide's, as well as hosting James Joyce, Ernest Hemingway, Antonin Artaud, Paul Val\u00e9ry, Boris\n\nMarado () or Mara Island is an island off the south coast of Jeju, in southernmost South Korea, having an area of . It is home to about 90 people, and has long been known for its population being composed of strong women and docile men. It's becoming a popular tourist destination, thanks to the many unusual rock formations, and is connected to the mainland by two regular ferries and numerous excursion boats. Mara-do is within the administrative boundaries of Daejeong Township (Daejeong-eup) in Seogwipo City, and is included, along with Gapado, in Gapa-ri, and is South Korea's southernmost point. Because of its subtropical marine habitat the island is a natural reserve. It was designated as National Monument no. 423 (\ucc9c\uc5f0\uae30\ub150\ubb3c \uc81c423\ud638) on July 18, 2000. Overview Marado was originally uninhabited. It was known as Keumdo (\uae08\ub3c4,\u7981\u5cf6), which means forbidden island. According to a Choson Ilbo article published by Lee\n\nMallaig railway station is a railway station serving the ferry port of Mallaig, Lochaber, in the Highland region of Scotland. This station is a terminus on the West Highland Line, by rail from and from Glasgow Queen Street. The station building is Category C listed. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate most of the services. History Mallaig station opened on 1 April 1901. The station was laid out as an island platform with tracks on either side. There were sidings on both sides, and a turntable to the south of the station, on the west side of the line, right beside the sea. Until 1968 two tracks continued down onto the pier, which was built and originally owned by the West Highland Railway Company. The tracks were removed when the harbour passed from British Rail ownership to that of the Mallaig Harbour Authority. The glass overall roof was removed in\n\nQuestion: What's Mallaig railway station?", "output": "Mallaig railway station is a railway station serving the ferry port of Mallaig, Lochaber, in the Highland region of Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Walter Trampler (August 25, 1915 \u2013 September 27, 1997) was a German musician and teacher of the viola and viola d'amore. Born in Munich, he was given his first lessons at age six by his violinist father. While still in his youth, he played well enough to tour Europe as violist of the prestigious Strub Quartet. In the mid-1930s, he recorded with Max Strub and Florizel von Reuter (violins) and Ludwig Hoelscher (cello) (i.e. the second formation of the Strub Quartet) and Elly Ney (piano). Later, he was principal violist of the Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra. He left the quartet and emigrated to the United States in 1939. After U.S. Army service in World War II he returned to music, teaching, performing, and recording. In 1947, Trampler became a founding member of the New Music Quartet. He was a founding member of The Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center, and\n\nAndrew Stuart Murray McCall (born 10 June 1964) is a professional football coach and former player. He is assistant manager at Sheffield United. McCall played in a total of 763 league games and in 40 full international matches for Scotland during his playing career. McCall started his career with Bradford City, where he made his first-team debut in 1982. He played six seasons at Valley Parade, during which time he won the Division Three championship, a title which was overshadowed by the Bradford City stadium fire when 56 people died and in which his father Andy was injured. After missing out on promotion in 1987\u201388, McCall moved to Everton, for whom he scored twice but finished on the losing side in the 1989 FA Cup Final. In 1991, he moved to Rangers, with whom he spent seven seasons and won five league titles, three Scottish Cups and two Scottish League\n\nTellurium hexafluoride is the inorganic compound of tellurium and fluorine with the chemical formula TeF6. It is a colorless, highly toxic gas with an unpleasant odor. Preparation Tellurium hexafluoride can be prepared by treating tellurium with fluorine gas at 150 \u00b0C. It can also be prepared by fluorination of TeO3 with bromine trifluoride. Upon heating, TeF4 disproportionates to give TeF6 and Te. Properties Tellurium hexafluoride is a highly symmetric octahedral molecule. Its physical properties resemble those of the hexafluorides of sulfur and selenium. It is less volatile, however, due to the increase in polarizability. At temperatures below \u221238 \u00b0C, tellurium hexafluoride condenses to a volatile white solid. Reactivity Tellurium hexafluoride is much more chemically reactive than SF6. For example, TeF6 slowly hydrolyzes to Te(OH)6: TeF6 + 6 H2O \u2192 Te(OH)6 + 6 HF Treatment of tellurium hexafluoride with tetramethylammonium fluoride (Me4NF) gives, sequentially, the hepta- and octafluorides: TeF6 + Me4NF\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Walter Trampler is.", "output": "Walter Trampler was a German musician and teacher of the viola and viola d'amore."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "San Marcos is a town in the Mexican state of Guerrero. It serves as the municipal seat of the surrounding municipality of San Marcos. The town currently has about 12 000 inhabitants. Culturally and ethnically, the town and the municipality belong to what is known in Mexico as the Costa Chica (small coast) of Guerrero and Oaxaca. This is a 125 km long region along the Pacific coast; it begins south of Acapulco and ends near the town of Puerto \u00c1ngel in the neighbouring state of Oaxaca. Geography The town is located approximately 59 km south of Acapulco. It is located 18 km inland and along Federal Highway 200 which is better known locally as the Acapulco-Pinotepa Nacional highway. It is only about one hour's drive from Acapulco and takes about 3 hours (157 km) from Pinotepa Nacional. History Officially, the town and municipality were established on 28 September 1885\n\nThe National Museum of Racing Hall of Fame Stakes is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for three year old horses run over a distance of one mile on the turf held annually in July at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York. History The event was inaugurated as the Gallant Man Stakes in honor of the U.S. Racing Hall of Fame horse, Gallant Man, on 17 August 1985 as the sixth event in the under-card for Travers Stakes Day and was won by Duluth who was ridden by Jean Cruguet easily by lengths in a time of 1:47. The event was upgraded to Grade III in 1987. In 1992 the event was renamed to the National Museum of Racing Hall of Fame Stakes. National Museum of Racing opened in Saratoga Springs in 1951. In 1955, the Museum moved to its present site on Union Avenue, across the\n\nThe white-bellied treepie (Dendrocitta leucogastra) is a bird of the crow family endemic to the forests of southern India. They overlap in distribution in some areas with the rufous treepie but are easy to tell apart both from appearance and call. Description The white of the head and body makes it easy to distinguish from the sympatric rufous treepie. This tends to be found in more dense forest and is less associated with human habitation than the rufous treepie. The white-bellied treepie is long. The back of the neck is white, and the throat and breast are black. The thighs are black, and the undertail coverts are chestnut. The rest of the underparts is white. The back is chestnut-brown. The wings are black and have a white patch. The rump is white. Two-thirds of the two central tail feathers are silver-grey, and the terminal third is black. The other tail\n\nQuestion: Tell me what San Marcos, Guerrero is.", "output": "San Marcos is a town in the Mexican state of Guerrero."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A postzygotic mutation (or post-zygotic mutation) is a change in an organism's genome that is acquired during its lifespan, instead of being inherited from its parent(s) through fusion of two haploid gametes. Mutations that occur after the zygote has formed can be caused by a variety of sources that fall under two classes: spontaneous mutations and induced mutations. How detrimental a mutation is to an organism is dependent on what the mutation is, where it occurred in the genome and when it occurred. Causes Postzygotic changes to a genome can be caused by small mutations that affect a single base pair, or large mutations that affect entire chromosomes and are divided into two classes, spontaneous mutations and induced mutations. Spontaneous Mutations Most spontaneous mutations are the result of naturally occurring lesions to DNA and errors during DNA replication without direct exposure to an agent. A few common spontaneous mutations are:\n\nConflict management is the process of handling disputes and disagreements between two or more parties. Managing conflict is said to decrease the amount of tension; if a conflict is poorly managed, it can create more issues than the original conflict. Conflict can be defined as an encounter between individuals or groups of people who have differing aims, values, expectations, purposes, ideas, etc. Five modes are offered as solutions to managing a conflict, with each mode ranked on scales of assertiveness and cooperativeness. Assertiveness is the extent to which an individual attempts to satisfy their concerns, while cooperativeness is their willingness to satisfy other parties. Studies have been conducted on the modes of conflict management and their effects on relationships. A model called the \"Thomas-Kilmann model\" was designed by two psychologists, Kenneth Thomas and Ralph Kilmann. It demonstrates how individuals choose conflict management styles when they handle disagreement. The Thomas-Kilmann model\n\nThe Wisconsin Point Light is a lighthouse located in Superior, on Wisconsin Point, in Douglas County, Wisconsin, United States. The light and attached fog horn building sits within a long sand bar \u2013 stretching between the ports of Duluth and Superior. This sand bar makes the Duluth\u2013Superior Harbor one of the safest harbors in the world. It is \"reputedly the longest freshwater sand bar in the world\" and is split by this opening near its center, where the lighthouse is located. The Minnesota side of the opening is known as \"Minnesota Point\" (Park Point) and the Wisconsin side is known as \"Wisconsin Point.\" It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. It stands erect at 70 ft. tall. History The original Fresnel lens was manufactured by Sautter, Lemonnier, and Company of Paris in 1890. It was replaced with a DCB-224 aero beacon manufactured by the Carlisle\n\nQuestion: What is Conflict management style", "output": "Conflict management is the process of handling disputes and disagreements between two or more parties."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Felton LaFrance Spencer (January 5, 1968 \u2013 March 12, 2023) was an American professional basketball player who was a center for the Minnesota Timberwolves, Utah Jazz, Orlando Magic, Golden State Warriors, San Antonio Spurs, and New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1990 to 2002. High school and college Spencer was an all-state basketball player at Eastern High School in Middletown, Kentucky (now part of Louisville); as both a junior and a senior, he led the team to the KHSAA state tournament in Lexington. In the first year, Eastern was upset by lightly regarded Metcalfe County in the first round, 60\u201358. A year later as a senior, Eastern was eliminated in the quarter-finals by Hazard High School. Spencer attended the University of Louisville, where he played college basketball for the Louisville Cardinals. He became the all-time field goal percentage leader at 62.8%. He took over the center\n\nThe Bowmanville Eagles were a Junior \"A\" ice hockey team from Bowmanville, Ontario, Canada. They were a part of the Central Canadian Hockey League. The Eagles left the OHA in 2010 when they merged with the Cobourg Cougars and left Bowmanville. History The team has been known as the Bowmanville Eagles since 1978. Prior to this they were known as the Bowmanville Red Eagles. The team was a member of the Central Ontario Junior C Hockey League early on. The Eagles won the Clarence Schmalz Cup as Ontario Hockey Association Junior \"C\" Champions in 1981. Past 1987, the Eagles enjoyed 8 straight winning seasons and 4 league championships. After their 3rd straight league title in 1995, the Eagles under the guidance of Mike Laing, the General Manager and eventual owner during the winning years of the 1990s, made the jump to the OPJHL. The team was sold by Mike Laing\n\nThe Bibi-Khanym Mosque (; ; also variously spelled as Khanum, Khanom, Hanum, Hanim) is one of the most important monuments of Samarkand, Uzbekistan. In the 15th century, it was one of the largest and most magnificent mosques in the Islamic world. It is considered a masterpiece of the Timurid Renaissance. By the mid-20th century, only a grandiose ruin of it still survived, but major parts of the mosque were restored during the Soviet period. History After his Indian campaign in 1399, Timur (Tamerlane) decided to undertake the construction of a gigantic mosque in his new capital, Samarkand. When Timur returned from his military campaign in 1404 the mosque was almost completed. However, Timur was not happy with the progress of construction, and immediately had various changes made, especially on the main cupola. From the beginning of the construction, problems of structural integrity of the structure revealed themselves. Various reconstructions and\n\nQuestion: Define Felton Spencer.", "output": "Felton LaFrance Spencer was an American professional basketball player who was a center for the Minnesota Timberwolves, Utah Jazz, Orlando Magic, Golden State Warriors, San Antonio Spurs, and New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association from 1990 to 2002."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Aaron Jeoffrey Benward (born September 13, 1973) is an American singer-songwriter, actor, film/TV producer and music supervisor. Life and career Benward is the son of Candice and Jeoffrey Benward and has two siblings, Sareece and Colin. In high school, he left his mark as an All-State football, basketball and soccer player and was named the U.S. Army Scholar/Athlete of the Year. After graduating, he decided to pursue a college degree before getting involved in music on a professional level. He attended college on a soccer scholarship studying music business at Belmont University in Nashville, Tennessee. In 1991, he surprised his father Jeoffrey when he told his dad that he wanted to follow his steps in the music business. They went on to form a unique son/father duo called Aaron Jeoffrey that achieved great success in the CCM scene. They garnered 10 #1 Billboard CCM singles and sold over 1,000,000 copies\n\nAtef () is the specific feathered white crown of the ancient Egyptian deity Osiris. It combines the Hedjet, the white crown of Upper Egypt, with curly ostrich feathers on each side of the crown for the Osiris cult. The feathers are identified as ostrich from their curl or curve at the upper ends, with a slight flare toward the base. They are the same feather as (singly) worn by Maat. They may be compared with the falcon tail feathers in two-feather crowns such as those of Amun, which are more narrow and straight without curve. The Atef crown identifies Osiris in ancient Egyptian painting. Osiris wears the Atef crown as a symbol of the ruler of the underworld. The tall bulbous white piece in the center of the crown is between two ostrich feathers. The feathers represent truth and justice. The Atef crown is similar, save for the feathers, to\n\nTeqorideamani (also Teqoridemni or Teqerideamani) was the King of Kush who was ruling in AD 253. His reign may be dated from 245/246 to sometime after 265/266. His throne name, attested in Egyptian hieroglyphics, was \u1e2apr-k\ua723-R\ua725, meaning \"Ra is one whose ka came into being\". Rendered in Meroitic, it is Natakamani or Arite\u00f1yesebokhe. His given name, Teqorideamani, is attested in Meroitic hieroglyphs in his tomb inscription. Teqorideamani's reign is attested in dedicatory inscriptions on three statue bases from the Apedemak temple M6 in Mero\u00eb. The most important monument of Teqorideamani, however, is an inscription bearing his name in demotic Egyptian in the temple of Isis at Philae. The inscription is dated 10 April 253, during Teqorideamani's second regnal year and during the reign of the Roman emperor Trebonianus Gallus. The inscription was commissioned by a Kushite official named Pasan, who in Teqorideamani's first and second years was his official representative\n\nQuestion: Define Atef.", "output": "Atef is the specific feathered white crown of the ancient Egyptian deity Osiris."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"J'en ai marre!\" (English: \"I'm fed up!\") is a song performed by French singer Aliz\u00e9e, written by Myl\u00e8ne Farmer. Released in February 2003, the song is Aliz\u00e9e's fifth single as the lead artist, and was the first song from her second studio album Mes Courants \u00c9lectriques. It charted at #4 in France and # 2 in Japan. The release included the single version of the song followed by an instrumental version. Later on three remixes were made available in special editions of the single. Internationally, it was released as \"I'm Fed Up!\". In Japan, it was released as \"Mon bain de mousse\" (\"My Foam Bath\") along with a music video and a remix version of the song. Background Aliz\u00e9e told MTV Spain that the song was released as her comeback single because of its upbeat sound. Content Internationally, the song was released as the English language translation and re-recording \"I'm\n\nBluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard that is used for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances and building personal area networks (PANs). In the most widely used mode, transmission power is limited to 2.5 milliwatts, giving it a very short range of up to . It employs UHF radio waves in the ISM bands, from 2.402GHz to 2.48GHz. It is mainly used as an alternative to wire connections, to exchange files between nearby portable devices and connect cell phones and music players with wireless headphones. Bluetooth is managed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), which has more than 35,000 member companies in the areas of telecommunication, computing, networking, and consumer electronics. The IEEE standardized Bluetooth as IEEE 802.15.1, but no longer maintains the standard. The Bluetooth SIG oversees development of the specification, manages the qualification program, and protects the trademarks. A manufacturer must meet\n\nCelorico da Beira () is a municipality in Guarda District in Portugal. The municipality population in 2011 was 7,693, in an area of 247.22 km2. Main town: Celorico da Beira, near the Mondego River. Principal monument: Celorico da Beira Castle. Train station: Celorico da Beira, linha da Beira Alta. The present Mayor is Jos\u00e9 Francisco Gomes Monteiro, elected by the Socialist Party. The municipal holiday is May 23. Parishes Administratively, the municipality is divided into 16 civil parishes (freguesias): A\u00e7ores e Velosa Bara\u00e7al Carrapichana Casas do Soeiro Celorico (S\u00e3o Pedro e Santa Maria) e Vila Boa do Mondego Corti\u00e7\u00f4 da Serra, Vide Entre Vinhas e Salgueirais Forno Telheiro Lajeosa do Mondego Linhares Ma\u00e7al do Ch\u00e3o Mesquitela Minhocal Prados Rapa e Cadafaz Ratoeira Vale de Azares Notable people Jo\u00e3o Cabral (1599-??) a Jesuit missionary to Bhutan. Jos\u00e9 C\u00e9sar Ferreira Gil (1858-1922) an Army general and a military historian. Artur de Sacadura\n\nQuestion: Define Celorico da Beira.", "output": "Celorico da Beira is a municipality in Guarda District in Portugal."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Millburn Academy (Gaelic: Acadamaidh Allt a' Mhuilinn) is a six-year secondary school in Inverness, Scotland. It serves the portion of Inverness east of the River Ness along with rural areas to the south of the city's reach, with a catchment area that includes the primary schools of Crown, Daviot, Drakies, Inshes, Raigmore and Strathdearn. The school runs parallel to the 'Mill Burn' which was originally used for a Whisky distillery. The distillery is now gone and has been replaced by a chain hotel. Millburn Academy opened for pupils in August 1961, although at that time it was known as Millburn Junior Secondary School. In its early years Millburn Junior Secondary School catered for pupils in the first three, and later four, years of secondary, but in 1967 the school name was changed to Millburn Secondary School, showing the direction in which the school was developing. For a period after 1967,\n\nWarren Arthur Ambrose (October 25, 1914 \u2013 December 4, 1995) was Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at the University of Buenos Aires. He was born in Virden, Illinois in 1914. He received his bachelor of science degree in 1935, his master's in 1936 and his Ph.D. in 1939, all from the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign. Personal life Warren Ambrose was a food and wine connoisseur, and also a fan of jazz saxophone player, Charlie \"Bird\" Parker. He is noted for his work with MIT colleague, Isadore Singer, both of whom helped to shape the pure mathematics department at MIT. He retired from teaching at MIT in 1985, thereafter moving to France. Ambrose died in 1995 in Paris. He was survived by his wife, Jeannette (Grillet) Ambrose of Paris, two children from an earlier marriage, Adam Ambrose of Bisbee, AZ, and Ellen Ambrose of\n\nThe Belfast to Bangor line (known simply as the Bangor line by NI Railways) is a railway line in Northern Ireland, originally part of the Belfast & County Down Railway. All services are operated by NI Railways, the only operator for Northern Ireland (NI). Unlike the rest of the United Kingdom, no railway in NI is part of the National Rail network and none is owned by Network Rail. Services run every half-hour, with extra services at peak times. Nearly all NIR services on this line continue on through Great Victoria Street and terminate at Portadown or Newry, stopping at stations in between. Trains usually run between Portadown and Bangor. Rail Air Link The Belfast-Bangor Line is part of the key link into Belfast city centre. Trains run from Belfast Great Victoria Street to Sydenham for planes from George Best Belfast City Airport. Museum rail access The Bangor Line serves\n\nQuestion: What is Belfast\u2013Bangor line?", "output": "The Belfast to Bangor line is a railway line in Northern Ireland, originally part of the Belfast & County Down Railway."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sunshine Dream is the third double-album compilation of the Beach Boys' music to be compiled by their former label, Capitol Records (following the earlier Endless Summer and Spirit of America). Released in 1982, the album features singles and album tracks ranging from 1964 to 1969, and it is the first time \"The Beach Boys Medley\" appears on an album; it reached number 12 in 1981 as a single. The album was compiled and released while the Beach Boys were contracted with CBS Records. Due to the appearance of more recent compilations, Sunshine Dream has long since been out of print. Track listing All songs by Brian Wilson and Mike Love, except where noted. Singles \"The Beach Boys Medley\" b/w \"God Only Knows\" (Capitol A-5030), October 1981 US number 12 Sunshine Dream (Capitol SVBB 12220) hit number 180 in the US. References 1982 greatest hits albums The Beach Boys compilation albums\n\nJenna Leigh Green (born August 22, 1974) is an American actress and singer best known for her performances as Libby Chessler on the television show Sabrina the Teenage Witch, as well as for roles on tour in the musical Wicked and later in the Broadway production. Early life and career Green was born Jennifer Leigh Greenberg in West Hills, California to an actress mother and a musician father. She was raised in Simi Valley, California with her twin sister Jessica and younger sister Becca in a family of actors and musicians. She began to perform in school and community theatre productions by age 12 and later began to appear in commercials and television programs, as well as a few made-for-TV movies. After graduating from Simi Valley High School, Green appeared for several seasons as Libby Chessler in the television series Sabrina, the Teenage Witch beginning in 1996. She also performed\n\nIn geometry, the truncated dodecadodecahedron (or stellatruncated dodecadodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U59. It is given a Schl\u00e4fli symbol t0,1,2{,5}. It has 54 faces (30 squares, 12 decagons, and 12 decagrams), 180 edges, and 120 vertices. The central region of the polyhedron is connected to the exterior via 20 small triangular holes. The name truncated dodecadodecahedron is somewhat misleading: truncation of the dodecadodecahedron would produce rectangular faces rather than squares, and the pentagram faces of the dodecadodecahedron would turn into truncated pentagrams rather than decagrams. However, it is the quasitruncation of the dodecadodecahedron, as defined by . For this reason, it is also known as the quasitruncated dodecadodecahedron. Coxeter et al. credit its discovery to a paper published in 1881 by Austrian mathematician Johann Pitsch. Cartesian coordinates Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a truncated dodecadodecahedron are all the triples of numbers obtained by circular shifts and\n\nQuestion: Define Truncated dodecadodecahedron.", "output": "In geometry, the truncated dodecadodecahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U59."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tantalum pentoxide, also known as tantalum(V) oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula . It is a white solid that is insoluble in all solvents but is attacked by strong bases and hydrofluoric acid. is an inert material with a high refractive index and low absorption (i.e. colourless), which makes it useful for coatings. It is also extensively used in the production of capacitors, due to its high dielectric constant. Preparation Occurrence Tantalum occurs in the minerals tantalite and columbite (columbium being an archaic name for niobium), which occur in pegmatites, an igneous rock formation. Mixtures of columbite and tantalite are called coltan. Tantalite was discovered by Anders Gustaf Ekeberg at Ytterby, Sweden, and Kimoto, Finland. The minerals microlite and pyrochlore contain approximately 70% and 10% Ta, respectively. Refining Tantalum ores often contain significant amounts of niobium, which is itself a valuable metal. As such, both metals are extracted\n\nThe Th\u00e9\u00e2tre du peuple is a theater located in Bussang, France, built in 1895 by Maurice Pottecher. The theatre was added to the list of historical monuments in 1975 and is always in activity, putting on a new performance each year. Performances take place on every Sunday of July and August. The Th\u00e9\u00e2tre du peuple is constructed entirely of wood and can seat up to 1,200 people. The Th\u00e9\u00e2tre du peuple was the first people's theatre to be established in France after the Revolution. Originally it was an open-air theatre, in which Pottecher staged folk and morality plays, often performed by locals in dialect. Its low costs, low ticket prices and the offer of a free performance per season proved a successful formula for Sunday-afternoon theatre. Pottecher used his success as a platform to launch a people's theatre campaign (soon taken up by Nobel-prize winner Romain Rolland). The proscenium arch\n\nCom\u00e9die larmoyante () was a genre of French drama of the 18th century. In this type of sentimental comedy, the impending tragedy was resolved at the end, amid reconciliations and floods of tears. Plays of this genre that ended unhappily nevertheless allowed the audience to see that a \"moral triumph\" had been earned for the suffering heroes and heroines. Thomas Heywood's masterpiece, A Woman kilde with kindnesse (acted 1603; printed 1607), can be considered a forerunner of this genre. In Pierre-Claude Nivelle de La Chauss\u00e9e's M\u00e9lanide, the genre is fully developed. Comedy was no longer to provoke laughter, but tears. The innovation consisted in destroying the sharp distinction then existing between tragedy and comedy in French literature. Indications of this change had been already offered in the work of Marivaux, and La Chauss\u00e9e's plays led naturally to the domestic drama of Diderot and of Sedaine. Louis-S\u00e9bastien Mercier considered himself a\n\nQuestion: What's Com\u00e9die larmoyante?", "output": "Com\u00e9die larmoyante was a genre of French drama of the 18th century."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Fanling Highway () is a part of Route 9 in Hong Kong. It connects the new town of Tai Po and San Tin Highway, passing through Sheung Shui and Fanling on its way. The three lane expressway was constructed between 1983 and 1987. Alignment The road succeeds the Tolo Highway at the Lam Kam Interchange where it also interchanges with Tai Wo Service Road West, Lam Kam Road and Tai Po Road. The road then runs to the west of the East Rail line and then passes through the new towns of Fanling and Sheung Shui and diverges from the MTR near Choi Yuen Estate. The road passes through the Kwu Tung area and continues as the San Tin Highway. Interchanges {| class=\"plainrowheaders wikitable\" |+ Fanling Highway |- !scope=col|District !scope=col|Location !scope=col|km !scope=col|Interchange name !scope=col|Exit !scope=col|Destinations !scope=col|Notes |- |rowspan=4|Tai Po |rowspan=4|Lam Tsuen Valley |style=\"text-align:right\"|20.2 |rowspan=2|Lam Kam Road Interchange |style=\"text-align:center\"| | Tolo\n\nNi-Vanuatu (informally abbreviated Ni-Van) is a large group of closely related Melanesian ethnic groups native to the island country of Vanuatu. As such, Ni-Vanuatu are a mixed ethnolinguistic group with a shared ethnogenesis that speak a multitude of languages. Ni-Vanuatu or Ni-Van is usually restricted to the indigenous population of Vanuatu. It contrasts with the demonym Vanuatuan, which in principle refers to any citizen of Vanuatu, regardless of their origin or ethnicity. (The form Vanuatuan is in fact rarely used in English, and is regarded as incorrect by some authors and style guides.) Indigenous people of Vanuatu have English and French influences due to the history of colonialism from the British and French, which leads to the main languages of English, Bislama and French being spoken. The cultural aspects of Ni-Vanuatu society have been instilled on the indigenous community and are expressed through clothing, rituals, ceremonies, music, performing and fine\n\nIsmael Serrano (born 9 March 1974) is a singer-songwriter and guitarist from Spain, popular in Spain and Latin America, known for his often political lyrics and eclectic musical influences. During his creative career he has been influenced by other Spanish singer-songwriters such as Joaqu\u00edn Sabina, Joan Manuel Serrat and the Cuban Silvio Rodr\u00edguez amongst others. His music also shows influences from renowned poets such as Luis Garc\u00eda Montero and Mario Benedetti. Biography Early life He was born in the neighbourhood of Vallecas of Madrid (Spain) on 9 March 1974. After studying Physics in the Complutense University of Madrid, Ismael Serrano started his musical career in the early nineties in Madrid, singing folk based guitar music in a caf\u00e9 circuit, at political venues like Libertad 8, Galileo and Nuevos Juglares. The movement proved to be very popular, inspired by the 20-year-old \u2018Protest\u2019 song movement under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, as\n\nQuestion: What is Fanling Highway", "output": "Fanling Highway is a part of Route 9 in Hong Kong."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Stadionul Gheorghe Hagi (formerly known as the Stadionul Farul) was a multi-purpose stadiumm in Constan\u021ba, which, since its construction in 1954, was the home of the football club Farul Constan\u021ba. The stadium was closed in 2022 and demolished in 2023, to build a new one on the same site. Hisotry The stadium had also functions as an athletics arena, with track and field athletics facilities. In 1970, Stadionul Farul was the first stadium in Romania to host a floodlit football match. The stadium has played host to the Romania national football team, in the World Cup 2006 Qualification, UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying and 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification. Romania national football team The following national team matches were held in the stadium: See also List of football stadiums in Romania References Football venues in Romania Sport in Constan\u021ba Buildings and structures in Constan\u021ba Multi-purpose stadiums in Romania FCV Farul Constan\u021ba\n\nDonegal Castle () is a castle situated in the centre of Donegal Town in County Donegal in Ulster, Ireland. The castle was the stronghold of the O'Donnell clan, Lords of T\u00edr Conaill and one of the most powerful Gaelic families in Ireland from the 5th to the 16th centuries. For most of the last two centuries, the majority of the buildings lay in ruins but the castle was almost fully restored in the early 1990s. It is now open to the public. Structure and location The castle consists of a 15th-century rectangular keep with a later Jacobean style wing. There is a small gatehouse at its entrance mirroring the design of the keep. The complex is sited on a bend in the River Eske, near the mouth of Donegal Bay, and is surrounded by a 17th-century boundary wall. Most of the stonework was constructed from locally sourced limestone with some\n\nScott Patrick Moir OLY ( ; born September 2, 1987) is a Canadian retired ice dancer and coach. With ice dance partner Tessa Virtue, he is the 2010 and 2018 Olympic champion, the 2014 Olympic silver medallist, a three-time World champion (2010, 2012, 2017), a three-time Four Continents champion (2008, 2012, 2017), the 2016\u201317 Grand Prix Final champion, an eight-time Canadian national champion (2008\u20132010, 2012\u20132014, 2017\u20132018), the 2006 World Junior champion and the 2006 Junior Grand Prix champion. Moir and Virtue are also the 2018 Olympic gold medallists in the team event and the 2014 Olympic silver medallists in the team event. Upon winning their third Olympic gold medal, they became the most decorated Canadian ice dance team of all time and the most decorated Olympic figure skaters of all time. Widely regarded as one of the greatest ice dance teams of all time, they are the only ice dancers\n\nQuestion: Define Donegal Castle.", "output": "Donegal Castle is a castle situated in the centre of Donegal Town in County Donegal in Ulster, Ireland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Byelorussian SSR was one of only two Soviet republics to be separate members of the United Nations (the other being the Ukrainian SSR). Both republics and the Soviet Union joined the UN when the organization was founded in 1945. Prior to 2001 After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, at which time Belarus gained its independence, Belarus became a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), NATO's Partnership for Peace, the North Atlantic Cooperation Council, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank. The adoption by Supreme Council of the BSSR of the declaration of State Sovereignty of Belarus in 1990 was a turning point on the development of the state. It has also been in a supranational union with Russia since 2 April 1996, although this has had little practical effect. Belarus\u2013Russia relations The introduction of free trade\n\nThe Sarah-Jane Mee Show (also known as Sky News with Sarah Hewson) was a weekday news programme in the United Kingdom on Sky News, presented by Sarah-Jane Mee. The slot had been part of the Sky News schedule since 2005, most notably with Kay Burley as presenter until October 2019. It combined rolling-news coverage with debates and interviews on the day's issues plus human interest stories. The show aired between 2 pm5 pm Monday to Friday. On Fridays, the show title was not used on air, however the same show format was used and presented by Belle Donati. Broadcasts The show began in its final format in October 2019 when Kay Burley and Sarah-Jane Mee swapped time slots. Kay took over a shorter self titled breakfast programme whilst Sarah-Jane moved to afternoons at the earlier 2 pm-5 pm slot, with The News Hour with Mark Austin following from 5 pm\n\nThe Sarjeant Gallery Te Whare o Rehua Whanganui at Pukenamu, Queen's Park Whanganui is currently closed for redevelopment. The temporary premises at Sarjeant on the Quay, 38 Taupo Quay currently house the Sarjeant Collection, and all exhibitions and events. The Sarjeant Gallery is a regional art museum with a collection of international and New Zealand art. Founding and building The Sarjeant was built as the result of a bequest to the city by Henry Sarjeant in 1912. Sarjeant bequeathed the money \"for the inspiration of ourselves and those who come after us.\" A competition was held to select an architect for the project; the winner was Dunedin architect Edmund Anscombe, but it is likely the actual design was completed by a young student in his offices names Donald Hosie. The cruciform, neo-classical style gallery was opened in 1919. Four galleries branch off a central space capped with an oculus in\n\nQuestion: What is Foreign relations of Belarus", "output": "The Byelorussian SSR was one of only two Soviet republics to be separate members of the United Nations."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bishop Gorman High School (also commonly referred to as Gorman or BGHS) is a private Roman Catholic preparatory school located in Las Vegas, Nevada. The school is administered by the Archdiocese of Las Vegas. The school opened in 1954. Its mascot is a Gael, a mounted Irish Knight. History Bishop Gorman High School opened its doors on September 7, 1954. Bishop Dwyer named it after his predecessor, Thomas Kiely Gorman, the first Catholic Bishop of the Reno-Las Vegas Diocese. The campus was originally located near Downtown Las Vegas, at 1801 S. Maryland Pkwy. Classes began at its current Summerlin location on September 5, 2007. The new school, located on a campus of , cost $96 million to build. Later on, an athletic center (referred to as the ATC) was donated for $18 million. Extracurricular activities Athletics The athletics program and teams of Bishop Gorman are known as the Gaels, and\n\n\"Check Yo Self\" is the third and final single from American rapper Ice Cube's third solo album, The Predator. It was released on July 13, 1993, and features New York City rappers Das EFX. It topped both the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop and Rap charts while also reaching number 20 on the Hot 100 chart. The song retains two main versions, the original and a remix which utilizes the same beat as Grandmaster Flash's \"The Message\", titled \"Check Yo Self (The Message Remix)\". The original mix includes a sample from the intro of the Beastie Boys' track \"The New Style\", which uses the phrase \"check it\" throughout the chorus. While the single version of the song (also titled Radio Remix \"The Message\") has been censored, the longer, uncensored version of The Message remix is featured on Ice Cube's Bootlegs & B-Sides album and was later released on his Greatest Hits album. The\n\nAl-Kar\u0101bilah () is a subdistrict in the west of the Al Anbar Governorate of Iraq, beside the Syrian border in an area of high ground. Its seat is the city of the Al-Kar\u0101bilah. Agriculture is the main industry in the subdistrict. Al-Kar\u0101bilah town Al-Kar\u0101bilah is an Iraqi border town and center of the Al-Kar\u0101bilah subdistrict, located 5\u20137 km from Iraqi-Syrian borders. Its population is roughly 25,000 inhabitants, all of them Sunni Muslims arabs. Akkas gas field Akkas gas field located in Al-Karabilah subdistrict. It was discovered in 1992, occupies approximately 30 km long and 12 km wide. Iraqi Oil Ministry estimated the reserves of Akkas at 5.6 trillion cubic feet. In 2011, the Iraqi government signed a contract with Kogas to develop the gas field. According to the signed contract with the Iraq government, Kogas hold 75% of the shares while the rest of the shares went to Midland Oil\n\nQuestion: Define Check Yo Self.", "output": "\"Check Yo Self\" is the third and final single from American rapper Ice Cube's third solo album, The Predator."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Daniel's Harbour is a community on the west coast of Newfoundland, in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Its population as reported by the 2021 Census was 220 people. It has a reputation as a great place for wild whale sightings. Climate Daniel's Harbour has a subarctic climate (Koppen: Dfc) with June being under the isotherm due to extreme seasonal lag caused by the cold Labrador Current. Summers are cool to mild while winters are freezing. Precipitation is heavy year round, though less heavy during spring. Demographics In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Daniel's Harbour had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. See also List of cities and towns in Newfoundland and Labrador References Populated coastal places in Canada\n\nGairsay (Old Norse: G\u00e1reksey) is a small island in Orkney, Scotland, located in the parish of Rendall, off the coast, astride one of the approaches to the bays of Firth and Kirkwall. It is about long and wide and includes one conical hill and a small harbour called Millburn Bay, which is sheltered by the peninsula known as the Hen of Gairsay. History Viking age According to the Orkneyinga saga, in Norse times Gairsay was the winter home of the Norse chieftain Sweyn Asleifsson, one of the last great Vikings. He farmed during the summer months and spent the winters with his eighty men at arms on his Gairsay estate. After the spring planting had been done Sweyn would go on Viking raids down the coast of Scotland, England and Ireland. He died attempting to conquer Dublin in the year 1171. 17th to 19th centuries A mansion called Langskaill was\n\nPoint Belches is a small point on the south side of Swan River, Western Australia, about east of The Narrows within the area known as Perth Water. The land is part of the South Perth Esplanade, and the water off the point is used as a commercial water skiing area. Captain James Stirling discovered Point Belches during the Swan River expedition of 1827. He named it in honour of Peter Belches, a member of the exploring party who was Third Lieutenant on Stirling's ship, . While Point Belches now refers to a small feature on the eastern side of the peninsula, Stirling almost certainly intended the name to refer to the entire peninsula. The Old Mill on the peninsula is identified in early sources as being on Point Belches. Furthermore, historic plans mark Point Belches north of Miller's Pool on the opposite side of Pool Neck to its contemporary location\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Gairsay is.", "output": "Gairsay is a small island in Orkney, Scotland, located in the parish of Rendall,  off the coast, astride one of the approaches to the bays of Firth and Kirkwall."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ana Mar\u00eda Aurora Garc\u00eda-Si\u00f1eriz Alonso (born 26 July 1965) is a Spanish TV presenter. She has a bachelor's degree in journalism from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid and a master's degree in radio from Radio Nacional de Espa\u00f1a. She worked in Lo + plus and Magacine in Canal+. She was the presenter, along with Boris Izaguirre, of TV show Channel n\u00ba4, which aired on Cuatro from 2005 to 2008. She is married to Gauthier Peyrouzet and has two children: Mateo (b. 1997) and Chloe (b. 2000). Television Hablando claro (1988-1989) (TVE) Primer plano (1993\u20131994) (Canal+) Lo + plus (1995\u20132005) (Canal+) Magacine (1996-2002) (Canal+) Channel n\u00ba 4 (2005\u20132008) with Boris Izaguirre (Cuatro) Matinal Cuatro with a Daniel Serrano y Roger Persiva (2010) (Cuatro). Bibliography Beb\u00e9 a bordo, 2000 Esas mujeres rubias, 2010 Nueve meses y un d\u00eda, 2012 She has also published, along with illustrator Jordi Labanda, a series of children's\n\nSchermbeck is a municipality in the district of Wesel, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Geography Schermbeck is situated near the river Lippe, approximately 20 km east of Wesel, and 8 km north-west of Dorsten. Its maximum dilatation from north to south is about 12.90 km, from west to east it's about 17.80 km. Thanks to its proximity to the Ruhr area and thus to many big cities, Schermbeck is becoming a popular place for people who want to escape the urban life but still be closely connected to it. Gallery General information Schermbeck has 3 schools. Locally it is famous for its traditional annual \"Volksfest\" Kilian, at which many people from the surrounding areas attend. Recently it is becoming a popular location for various events like cooking and art exhibitions. Division of the municipality Schermbeck is divided into 8 districts: Altschermbeck Bricht Damm D\u00e4mmerwald Gahlen Overbeck Schermbeck Weselerwald Transport Roads Schermbeck\n\nAltstadt Spandau is the historic centre (old town) of the Spandau borough in the western suburbs of Berlin, situated on the right bank of the Havel river by its confluence with the Spree tributary. It arose near the site of a former Slavic gord during the German eastward expansion (Ostsiedlung) in the early 13th century. A castle at Spandowe, erected on a Havel island to secure the eastern borderlands of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, was already documented in an 1197 deed issued by the Ascanian margrave Otto II. The city itself was first mentioned on 7 March 1232, when the Spandau citizens were vested with further privileges by the Brandenburg margraves John I and Otto III. A first church is documented in 1240; the present-day Saint Nicholas Church was built in the late 14th century. It became the initial point of the Protestant Reformation in Brandenburg, when on 1 November\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Schermbeck is.", "output": "Schermbeck is a municipality in the district of Wesel, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12\u201312.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals, such as phosphorus, or metalloids such as arsenic or silicon. These additions produce a range of alloys that may be harder than copper alone, or have other useful properties, such as strength, ductility, or machinability. The archaeological period in which bronze was the hardest metal in widespread use is known as the Bronze Age. The beginning of the Bronze Age in western Eurasia and India is conventionally dated to the mid-4th millennium BCE (~3500 BCE), and to the early 2nd millennium BCE in China; elsewhere it gradually spread across regions. The Bronze Age was followed by the Iron Age starting about 1300 BCE and reaching most of Eurasia by about 500 BCE, although bronze continued to be much more widely\n\nNancy Dale Delahunt (born January 5, 1959) is a Canadian curler from Halifax, Nova Scotia. Delahunt currently plays third for Colleen Jones. Career Delahunt was born in Montreal, Quebec. She was a member of the Colleen Jones team which won five Scott Tournament of Hearts (1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004) and two World Curling Championships (2001, 2004). Delahunt was a rarity among leads, because she held the broom for when Jones threw. She rejoined Jones in 2011 participating in the Nova Scotia Senior Women's Championship, along with Marsha Sobey and Sally Saunders. The team won the provincial title and would represent Nova Scotia at the Canadian Senior Women's Curling Championships. At the beginning of the 2011/2012 curling season Jones had formed a rink with three players, all of whom previously played with Theresa Breen. However Jones has modified her lineup adding Delahunt at third, Sobey at second and Mary Sue\n\nElenski but ( or (more precisely but less commonly) , sometimes translated as Elena round or Elena leg) is a dry-cured ham from the town of Elena in northern Bulgaria and a popular delicacy throughout the country. The meat has a specific taste and can be preserved in the course of several years, owing much to the special process of making and the climatic conditions of the part of Stara Planina where Elena is located. Preparation The legs and quarters of the pig, traditionally singed and scraped, are taken from the body. Later the redundant parts are removed, so that the remaining meat is protected by hide or the skin that surrounds the muscle tissue. After the legs are shaped, they are well salted and put at the bottom of a postav, a special type of barrel designed for the occasion. The delicacy traditionally remains in salt for 40 days,\n\nQuestion: What is Bronze?", "output": "Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12\u201312.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals and sometimes non-metals, such as phosphorus, or metalloids such as arsenic or silicon."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Willoughby Sharp (January 23, 1936 \u2013 December 17, 2008) was an American artist, independent curator, independent publisher (he was co-founder and co-editor of Avalanche Magazine with Liza B\u00e9ar), gallerist, teacher, author, and telecom activist. Avalanche published interviews they conducted with contemporary artists such as Vito Acconci, Dennis Oppenheim and Yvonne Rainer. Sharp also was contributing editor to four other publications: Impulse (1979\u20131981); Video magazine (1980\u20131982); Art Com (1984\u20131985), and the East Village Eye (1984\u20131986). He published three monographs on contemporary artists, contributed to many exhibition catalogues, and wrote on art for Artforum, Art in America, Arts magazine, Laica Journal, Quadrum and Rhobo. He was editor of the Public Arts International/Free Speech documentary booklet in 1979. Sharp received numerous grants, awards, and fellowships; both as an individual or under the sponsorship of non-profit arts organizations. Education Sharp was born and raised in New York City. He received his BA from Brown\n\nGlenfaba ( ; ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man. It is located on the west of the island (part of the traditional North Side division) and consists of the two historic parishes of German and Patrick. Historically, from 1796 until some time in the twentieth century (1986) it also included the parish of Marown. Geographically, the sheading of Glenfaba also includes the town of Peel. Other settlements in the sheading include St John's in the parish of German (home of the Tynwald Day ceremony), and Dalby, Foxdale, Glen Maye and Niarbyl (all in the parish of Patrick). Etymology The first mention of Glenfaba may be in a bull of Pope Gregory IX in 1231. The origin of the name is not known, but may be connected with that of the river Neb. MHKs and elections Until 2016, Glenfaba was also a House of Keys\n\nThe Victoria Golf Club is a golf course located in the city of Oak Bay, British Columbia, Canada, which is part of metropolitan Victoria. It was established in 1893, and is now the oldest golf club in Canada still located on its original site; a rocky point on the South Eastern tip of Vancouver Island, overlooking the Strait of Juan de Fuca. It is also one of Canada's few courses that is open for play an average of 360 days per year. Several holes provide views of the ocean. The course today plays to par 70 for men, 73 for women, and its length is just over 6,000 yards from the back tees. The club celebrated its centennial in 1993, by hosting the Canadian Amateur Championship. See also List of golf courses in British Columbia External links Victoria Golf Club Golf clubs and courses in British Columbia 1893 establishments in\n\nQuestion: Define Glenfaba.", "output": "Glenfaba is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Yumurtal\u0131k, formerly called Aegeae, Ayas, Lyeys or Laiazzo, is a municipality and district of Adana Province, Turkey. Its area is 447 km2, and its population is 17,654 (2022). It is a Mediterranean port and resort town at a distance of about from Adana city. The resident population of the town Yumurtal\u0131k is 5,739 (2022), but in summer, it rises to 30 to 40,000 people since many inhabitants of Adana have holiday homes here. There are also many daily visitors during the holiday season. Yumurtal\u0131k has a large free economic zone housing the production units of up to thirty companies presently in operation or in phase of being built. Fields of activities include industries ranging from petrochemicals, synthetic fibers and steel industry, and there are also plans for establishing a major shipyard. History The port has a long history, at least to 2000BC. Hittite pottery of the 17th century BC has\n\nMark Christopher Hickman OAM (born 22 August 1973 in Darwin, Northern Territory) is a field hockey goalkeeper from Australia. He was a part of the team that won the gold medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. References External links 1973 births Living people Australian male field hockey players Olympic field hockey players for Australia Male field hockey goalkeepers Olympic gold medalists for Australia 2002 Men's Hockey World Cup players Field hockey players at the 2004 Summer Olympics Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia Sportspeople from Darwin, Northern Territory People educated at Hale School Olympic medalists in field hockey Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics Commonwealth Games medallists in field hockey Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia Field hockey players at the 1998 Commonwealth Games Field hockey players at the 2002 Commonwealth Games Medallists at the 1998 Commonwealth Games Medallists at the 2002 Commonwealth Games\n\nPalais Royale is a dance hall in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on Lake Shore Boulevard at the foot of Roncesvalles Avenue on Lake Ontario. Originally built as a boat works, it became notable as a night club in the now-defunct Sunnyside Amusement Park, hosting many prominent 'big band' jazz bands. Since the Park's demolition, the building has ceased to be a nightclub, being used for special occasions and concerts. It has recently been remodeled and is in use for special occasions and meetings. History In the 1900s and 1910s, the Sunnyside area was undeveloped except for a few waterfront uses. One waterfront business was Dean's Boat House, building canoes, renting boats and providing local boat cruises, located on Lake Shore Road at Queen Street, south-east of High Park. Starting in the 1910s, the waterfront was redeveloped by the Toronto Harbour Commission and all of the waterfront buildings were removed. The\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Palais Royale is.", "output": "Palais Royale is a dance hall in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on Lake Shore Boulevard at the foot of Roncesvalles Avenue on Lake Ontario."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hazel Ying Lee (; August 24, 1912 \u2013 November 25, 1944) was an American pilot who flew for the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) during World War II. Early life Lee was born in Portland, Oregon. Her parents were Yuet Lee and Ssiu Lan Wong, first-generation Chinese Americans who had immigrated to Portland from Taishan, Guangdong. The family owned a Chinese restaurant in Old Town Chinatown. Lee's mother devoted her energy to raising eight children and helping with the family business. Despite the widespread anti-Chinese bias of her time, Lee led a full and active life. She was involved in athletics such as swimming and handball, loved to play cards, and in her teenage years, learned how to drive. Following graduation from Commerce High School in 1929, Lee found a job as an elevator operator at Liebes Department Store in downtown Portland. It was one of the few jobs that\n\n\"The London Boys\" is a song by English musician David Bowie. It was first released as the B-side of the single \"Rubber Band\" in the United Kingdom on 2 December 1966. It was originally written and demoed in 1965 with the Lower Third for potential release as the artist's debut single for Pye Records but it was rejected. After a year of rewrites, he recorded a new version with a new band, the Buzz, which helped secure him a record contract with Decca-subsidiary Deram Records. Unlike the A-side, \"The London Boys\" retains the Mod feel of Bowie's previous singles. The dark lyrics concern a 17-year-old who leaves home for London and becomes embroiled in the Mod scene (the \"London Boys\" of the title), turning to pills to fit in. Like his previous singles, it failed to chart. Decca later issued it as an A-side in 1975.. Bowie's biographers and other\n\nThe Earth Party (, ), previously called The Earth Party Movement (, abbreviated MPT, hence called MPT \u2013 Partido da Terra), is a green-conservative political party in Portugal, founded on 12 August 1993. Its main political priorities are the promotion of environmental-friendly policies and the preservation of the national and cultural heritage of Portugal and of the remaining Portuguese-language countries. Between 2005 and 2009, the party had two Deputies in the Assembly of the Republic: Pedro Quartin Gra\u00e7a and Lu\u00eds Carloto Marques, elected on the lists of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), following an agreement with its then leader, Pedro Santana Lopes. The President of the party is Pedro Pimenta, a night watchman, elected in 2020. The party has participated in a number of coalitions with the major centre-right parties in Portugal, namely the PSD and People's Party (CDS\u2013PP). The MPT was a member of the European People's Party group\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Hazel Ying Lee is.", "output": "Hazel Ying Lee was an American pilot who flew for the Women Airforce Service Pilots during World War II."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Barry Turner Bales (born August 23, 1969) is an American musician best known as the long time bass player and harmony vocalist for Alison Krauss and Union Station. He has been in the band for around 25 years. The 2012 Grammy was awarded as a member of the Union Station band on Paper Airplane. He is also a member of The Earls of Leicester. Career Bales grew up in Colonial Heights, Tennessee, outside of Kingsport, Tennessee and attended Sullivan South High School. Early memories of music include listening to the records of Bill Monroe, Flatt & Scruggs, the Stanley Brothers, Bob Wills, Buck Owens and Hank Thompson from his father's extensive collection. He started experimenting with various instruments at the age of 10, starting with guitar. By age 15, Bales had found the bass and was playing regionally in various groups. Bales attended East Tennessee State University, participating in the\n\nChiwere (also called Iowa-Otoe-Missouria or B\u00e1xoje-J\u00edwere-Ny\u00fat\u02bcachi) is a Siouan language originally spoken by the Missouria, Otoe, and Iowa peoples, who originated in the Great Lakes region but later moved throughout the Midwest and plains. The language is closely related to Ho-Chunk, also known as Winnebago. Non-Native Christian missionaries first documented Chiwere in the 1830s, but since then not much material has been published about the language. Chiwere suffered a steady decline after extended European American contact in the 1850s, and by 1940 the language had almost totally ceased to be spoken. \"Tciwere itce\" (in the Otoe dialect) and \"Tcekiwere itce\" (in the Iowa dialect) translate to \"To speak the home dialect.\" The name \"Chiwere\" is said to originate from a person meeting a stranger in the dark. If a stranger in the dark challenged a person to identify their self, that person might respond \"I am Tci-we-re\" (Otoe) or \"I\n\nBrook Antony Bernacchi (; 22 January 1922 \u2013 22 September 1996) was a lawyer and politician in Hong Kong. He was the long-time chairman of the Reform Club of Hong Kong, the then quasi-opposition party in the colony and the longest serving elected officeholder in Hong Kong history, sitting on the Urban Council of Hong Kong, from 1952 to 1981, 1983 to 1986 and 1989 to 1995. He was well known for his efforts of pushing direct elections and political reform in Hong Kong. Early life Bernacchi was born in London in 1922 and was educated in Westminster School and Cambridge University. He was called to the Bar in 1943 and joined the Royal Marines during World War II. He arrived in Hong Kong as part of the liberation forces in 1945 and joined the Hong Kong Bar Association in 1946 and was its chairman in 1963. He also became\n\nQuestion: Define Chiwere language.", "output": "Chiwere is a Siouan language originally spoken by the Missouria, Otoe, and Iowa peoples, who originated in the Great Lakes region but later moved throughout the Midwest and plains."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Igneri were an indigenous Arawak people of the southern Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean. Historically, it was believed that the Igneri were conquered and displaced by the Island Caribs in an invasion some time before European contact. However, linguistic and archaeological studies in the 20th century have led scholars to more nuanced theories as to the fate of the Igneri. The Igneri spoke an Arawakan language, I\u00f1eri, which transitioned into the Island Carib language. History The Caribbean was populated in various waves, several of which produced varying and often successive archaeological cultures. It is not clear which sites and cultures may be related to the Igneri. Archaeologist Irving Rouse associated them with the Suazoid culture, which emerged around AD 1000 in the Lesser Antilles as a continuation of the earlier Saladoid culture. Suazoid culture lasted until around 1450, which may reflect the transition from Igneri to Island Carib culture\n\nPrafulla Chandra Chaki (, Prafulla Chaki alias Dinesh Chandra Roy) (10 December 1888 \u2013 1 May 1908) was an Indian revolutionary associated with the Jugantar group of revolutionaries who carried out assassinations against British colonial officials in an attempt to secure Indian independence. Prafulla and Khudiram Bose tried to assassinate the district judge, Mr. Douglas Kingsford, by throwing bombs at the carriage in which Kingsford was supposed to travel, but he was not in the carriage, and two British women were killed. Prafulla committed suicide when he was about to be arrested by the Police. Khudiram was arrested and tried for the murder of the two women and sentenced to death. Mahatma Gandhi denounced the violence and regretted the deaths of two women. He stated \"that the Indian people will not win their freedom through these methods\". However, Bal Gangadhar Tilak in his newspaper Kesari, defended the two young men\n\nEdwin Reuben Hawkins (August 19, 1943 \u2013 January 15, 2018) was an American gospel musician, pianist, vocalist, choir master, composer, and arranger. He was one of the originators of the urban contemporary gospel sound. As the leader of the Edwin Hawkins Singers, he was probably best known for his arrangement of \"Oh Happy Day\" (1968\u201369), which was included on the \"Songs of the Century\" list. In 1970, the Edwin Hawkins Singers made a second foray into the charts, backing folk singer Melanie on \"Lay Down (Candles in the Rain)\". Biography Hawkins was born in Oakland, California, on August 19, 1943. At the age of seven, he was already the keyboardist to accompany the family's gospel group. Together with Betty Watson in May 1967, he was co-founder of the Northern California State Youth Choir of the Church of God in Christ (COGIC), which included almost fifty members. This ensemble recorded its\n\nQuestion: Who is Prafulla Chaki", "output": "Prafulla Chandra Chaki was an Indian revolutionary associated with the Jugantar group of revolutionaries who carried out assassinations against British colonial officials in an attempt to secure Indian independence."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In geometry, an Archimedean solid is one of 13 convex polyhedra whose faces are regular polygons and whose vertices are all symmetric to each other. They were first enumerated by Archimedes. The convex polyhedra with regular faces and symmetric vertices (the convex uniform polyhedra) include also the five Platonic solids (which are composed of only one type of polygon) and the two infinite families of prisms and antiprisms; these are not counted as Archimedean solids. The pseudorhombicuboctahedron has regular faces, and vertices that are symmetric in a weaker sense; it is also not generally counted as an Archimedean solid. The Archimedean solids are a subset of the Johnson solids, whose regular polygonal faces do not need to meet in identical vertices. In these polyhedra, the vertices are identical, in the sense that a global isometry of the entire solid takes any one vertex to any other. observed that a 14th\n\nVuku is a village in the municipality of Verdal in Tr\u00f8ndelag county, Norway. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Helg\u00e5a and Inna where they become the Verdalselva river. The village is about west of the village of Vera and about east of the town of Verdals\u00f8ra. Vuku is also a parish covering the central part of Verdal municipality, with Vuku Church located in this village. The village has a population (2018) of 226 and a population density of . In the late 1800s, a group of parish members immigrated to the United States, where they established a sister church in what is now Foxhome, Minnesota. In 2015, the members of the Minnesotan Vukku Lutheran Church celebrated 125 years of history. Former Premier League footballer John Olav Hjelde grew up in Vuku and played for Vuku until he was signed by Rosenborg, then the biggest club in Norway.Later\n\nAlbertus Magnus ( \u2013 15 November 1280), also known as Saint Albert the Great or Albert of Cologne, was a German Dominican friar, philosopher, scientist, and bishop. Later canonized as a Catholic saint, he was known during his lifetime as Doctor universalis and Doctor expertus and, late in his life, the sobriquet Magnus was appended to his name. Scholars such as James A. Weisheipl and Joachim R. S\u00f6der have referred to him as the greatest German philosopher and theologian of the Middle Ages. The Catholic Church distinguishes him as one of the 37 Doctors of the Church. Biography It seems likely that Albert was born sometime before 1200, given well-attested evidence that he was aged over 80 on his death in 1280. Two later sources say that Albert was about 87 on his death, which has led 1193 to be commonly given as the date of Albert's birth, but this\n\nQuestion: Define Archimedean solid.", "output": "In geometry, an Archimedean solid is one of 13 convex polyhedra whose faces are regular polygons and whose vertices are all symmetric to each other."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Function and Concept\" (German: \"Funktion und Begriff\", \"Function and Concept\") is a lecture delivered by Gottlob Frege in 1891. The lecture involves a clarification of his earlier distinction between concepts and objects. It was first published as an article in 1962. Overview In general, a concept is a function whose value is always a truth value (139). A relation is a two place function whose value is always a truth value (146). Frege draws an important distinction between concepts on the basis of their level. Frege tells us that a first-level concept is a one-place function that correlates objects with truth-values (147). First level concepts have the value of true or false depending on whether the object falls under the concept. So, the concept has the value the True with the argument the object named by 'Jamie' if and only if Jamie falls under the concept (or is in the\n\nPontyclun (or Pont-y-clun) is a village and community located in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales. Pontyclun translates from the Welsh language as 'bridge [over] the River Clun', the Clun being a tributary of the River Ely that runs through Pontyclun. A bridge crosses the Afon Clun just above its confluence with the Ely. The village is served by Pontyclun railway station on the South Wales Main Line. It has its own local rugby club. The village falls under the remit of Pontyclun Community Council, which represents the communities of Brynsadler, Castell y Mwnws, Groes-faen, Miskin, Mwyndy, Pontyclun, Talygarn, and Ynysddu History The influx of workers for the iron ore and coal mining industries, and the coming of the South Wales Railway in 1851, changed Pontyclun from a farm with just four to five households into a burgeoning Victorian industrial town. The Coedcae Colliery (first listed in 1856)\n\n\"It's No Game\" is a song written by English musician David Bowie for his 1980 album Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps), featuring lead guitar played by Robert Fripp. The song is split into two parts, opening and closing the album. \"(No. 1)\" is musically sinister, featuring Bowie screaming lyrics and Japanese narration provided by actress Michi Hirota. \"(No. 2)\", a stark contrast to \"(No. 1)\", is much calmer, which Bowie's biographers symbolise as Bowie facing the same situation in \"(No. 1)\", but after the album's duration. Alongside the album, \"(No. 1)\" was released as the B-side of the US version of the single \"Ashes to Ashes\" in August 1980. Bowie never performed \"It's No Game\" live during his concert tours, although the ending of \"(No. 1)\" was adapted for the 1987 Glass Spider Tour. The full song was later performed in the 2015 musical Lazarus. Recording Recording sessions for Scary\n\nQuestion: Define Function and Concept.", "output": "\"Function and Concept\" is a lecture delivered by Gottlob Frege in 1891."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The ONA Group (Omnium Nord-Africain, Arabic: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0627) was established in 1934 and dissolved in 2010 and succeeded by Societe Nationale d'Investissement. ONA was an industrial, financial and services conglomerate, focused on positions of leadership and value creation in business activities contributing to the growth and sustainable development of Morocco, the Maghreb Region and the African Continent. ONA Group was structured around several activities: Mining, Agribusiness, Distribution, Financial Services, Telecommunication, Renewable Energies, and Growth Drivers, etc. The group and its successor promote various cultural programs, local and foreign arts and artists through a charitable foundation \"Fondation ONA\". In March 2010, ONA announced its merger with Societe Nationale d'Investissement. As a result of the merger, the two companies have been delisted from the Casablanca stock market, and the ONA agri-business branches have been disposed of. This reorganisation has transformed the conglomerate into an investment company that gives larger autonomy to its\n\nEdward Kenneth Taubensee (born October 31, 1968) is a former Major League Baseball catcher. Taubensee played for three different ballclubs during his career: the Cleveland Indians (, ), Houston Astros (-), and Cincinnati Reds (-). He was originally drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the 6th round of the June draft in 1986. The Oakland Athletics selected him in the Rule 5 Draft on December 3, 1990. He was claimed by the Cleveland Indians on April 4, 1991, and made his major league debut on May 18, 1991, with the Indians. He is well known for being traded along with Willie Blair from the Indians to the Astros in exchange for outfielder Kenny Lofton and infielder Dave Rhode on December 10, 1991, a trade that many consider to be one of the most lopsided moves made in the 1990s, as Lofton went on to have an excellent career, while Taubensee\n\nThe Hillz is a 2004 film written and directed by Saran Barnun and starring Rene Heger, Jesse Woodrow, and Paris Hilton. It centers around four kids from Beverly Hills who form a ruthless gang. The entire film features Steve's (Woodrow) feeble attempts to obtain Heather Smith (Hilton) as his girlfriend, and a ruthless rebel child with some clear psychological disorders named Duff and his friend T trying to earn respect in their gang. Plot The film follows the experiences of a promising athlete named Steve and his friends who live in a small southern California town. Steve's three friends, Duff, Seb, and T, all come from wealthy families and spend most of their time getting high, drinking at parties, and harassing Ahkmed, a convenience store clerk. After finding a gun in a girl's house, Duff starts violently pursuing a life of crime with T, the loudmouthed instigator with a Napoleon\n\nQuestion: Who is Eddie Taubensee?", "output": "Edward Kenneth Taubensee is a former Major League Baseball catcher."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The King Cetshwayo Artillery Regiment (formerly the Natal Field Artillery) is an reserve artillery regiment of the South African Army. History The Natal Field Artillery was raised in 1862 as part of the Durban Volunteer Guard, and later became a unit in its own right. The regiment took part in the Second Anglo-Boer War and the South African invasion of German South-West Africa during the First World War. Although artillery units in the South African Army do not usually receive battle honours, the NFA was awarded the honour \"South-West Africa 1915.\" During the Second World War, the regiment formed part of the 2nd South African Division and was captured during the fall of Tobruk, part of the Western Desert campaign in North Africa fighting Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps. This occurred in a series of engagements called the Battle of Gazala. One of these engagements was Rommel's attack against Allied forces\n\nThe Saudi Payments Network () or mada (, formerly SPAN) is the only and major payment system in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia established by Ministry of Finance under the supervision of Saudi Central Bank. It connects all ATM and Point of Sale (PoS) terminals throughout the country to a central payment switch which in turn re-routes the financial transactions to the card issuer (local bank, Visa, American Express or MasterCard). All banks in Saudi Arabia are required by the Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) to issue ATM cards fully compatible with the network. All services are provided to the customer free of charge, regardless of the ATM used, its operator, or the customer's card issuer. Mada provides its services through over than 17,000 ATM machines and over 225,000 POS terminals in the Kingdom. In cooperation with global payment systems such as Visa, MasterCard, and Maestro, mada allows access to millions\n\nLeschenault's rousette (Rousettus leschenaultii) is a species of fruit bat. The scientific name of the species was first published by Anselme Ga\u00ebtan Desmarest in 1820. Description Leschenault's rousette is brown to grey-brown in colour with lighter underparts. It has long pale hairs under the chin, an elongated muzzle and large dark eyes. The head and body length measures , the tail length measures and the forearm length is about . Habits and habitat This bat species is found in a variety of habitats ranging from tropical forests to urban environments. It roosts in caves, old abandoned buildings and tunnels, and other such structures. A colony of this animal can contain up to several thousand individuals. It feeds on fruits, nectar and flowers. Leschenault's rousette is found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia from Iran to Bali, Java and Sumatra. References External links Rousettus Bats of South Asia Bats of\n\nQuestion: Define King Cetshwayo Artillery Regiment.", "output": "The King Cetshwayo Artillery Regiment is an reserve artillery regiment of the South African Army."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The saxaul sparrow (Passer ammodendri) is a passerine bird of the sparrow family Passeridae, found in parts of Central Asia. At and , it is among the larger sparrows. Both sexes have plumage ranging from dull grey to sandy brown, and pale brown legs. Females have less boldly coloured plumage and bills, lacking the pattern of black stripes on the male's head. The head markings of both sexes make the saxaul sparrow distinctive, and unlikely to be confused with any other bird. Vocalisations include a comparatively soft and musical chirping call, a song, and a flight call. Three subspecies are recognised, differing in the overall tone of their plumage and in the head striping of the female. The subspecies ammodendri occurs in the west of the saxaul sparrow's range, while stoliczkae and nigricans occur in the east. This distribution falls into six probably disjunct areas across Central Asia, from central\n\nDvaleti (; also Tvaleti - \u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8) was a historical and ethnographic region in medieval Georgia. Territory in the central part of the Greater Caucasus Mountains, between Mamison Pass and Darial Gorge was associated with Dvaleti. According to Vakhusthi Bagrationi territory of Dvaleti included several gorges, namely: , Zramaga, , , , and . Some authors also mentioned and as being part of Dvaleti, while others disagree. Dvaleti was integral part of the Georgian Kingdoms since IV centuries - III centuries BC. After the Russian annexation of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti, in 1859 Dvaleti was excluded from the Tiflis Governorate and incorporated into the Terek Oblast. On modern maps historical region Dvaleti can be found in the south of North Ossetia\u2013Alania, Russian Federation. History Christianity spread in Dvaleti from the middle of the VI century. Later Dvaleti was included in the Episcopal Diocese of Nikozi. Roads from the Transcaucasia to the\n\nPine Le Moray Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. The park, 70 km southwest of Chetwynd covers . It is located within the Hart Ranges ecosection near the Rocky Mountains. It is within the Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine Fir biogeoclimatic zone. Water courses include Link and Mountain Creeks, the Pine River, and Heart Lake. It provides habitat for trout, Arctic grayling, mountain whitefish, high elevation caribou, moose, wolverine, and grizzly bear. It is recognized by the province as an area traditionally used by First Nations people. Its topography has examples of Karst topography and alpine areas. It was created as Provincial Park in June 2000, with additional area added in 2001. The park can be used for fishing, canoeing, hunting, horseback riding, and wildlife viewing. Motorized vehicles (ATV, snowmobiles) are permitted on designated trails. References British Columbia. Ministry of Employment and Investment (March 1999). Dawson Creek Land &\n\nQuestion: What is Saxaul sparrow", "output": "The saxaul sparrow is a passerine bird of the sparrow family Passeridae, found in parts of Central Asia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The River Wheelock is a small river in Cheshire in north west England. It drains water from the area between Sandbach and Crewe, and joins the River Dane at Middlewich (), and then the combined river flows into the River Weaver in Northwich. Alternative names for the river have were recorded in 1619 as Sutton Watter, Sutton Brooke, and Lawton Brooke. Early recorded variations of the name Wheelock have included Quelok, Qwelok, Whelok, Whelocke, with later forms using Wheelock Watter and Wheelock Brooke. The name is said to mean \"winding river\" and it is reported to have based on the Old Welsh word chwylog, the chwyl part of which means \"a turn, a rotation, a course\", with an adjective suffix of og. The river has given its name to the large village of Wheelock. Origin In his book The History of Cheshire (1778), Daniel King et al write: \"The Wheelock\n\nwas the fourth of the six ships completed in the of light cruisers for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), and like other vessels of her class, she was intended for use as the flagship of a destroyer flotilla. She served in the early stages of World War II. Background and description The second batch of three Nagara-class cruisers, including Yura, was authorized by the Diet as part of the 8-6 Fleet Completion Program on 12 March 1918 although they were not funded until the Fiscal Year 1920 Naval Estimates. The ships were intended to serve as flagships for destroyer and submarine squadrons, long-range scouts for the battlefleet, and to protect Japanese merchant shipping. The Nagara class was intended to displace at (standard load) and at normal load, but was slightly overweight and actually displaced . They had an overall length of , a beam of , and a draft of\n\nThe Louisiana Derby is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race run annually at the Fair Grounds Race Course in New Orleans, Louisiana. Run in late March, the race is open to horses, age three, willing to race miles on the dirt. It currently offers a purse of $1,000,000. The Louisiana Derby is one of the major prep races on the Road to the Kentucky Derby. Race history The first race at the \"Louisiana Race Course\", now the Fair Grounds Race Course took place spring 1838, proprietors Bernard de Marigny, Julius C. Branch, and Henry Augustine Tayloe \u2013 son leading turfman John Tayloe III founder of the Washington (DC) Jockey Club (1789) \u2013 offered on the fifth race day \"The Louisiana Plate.\" A race was held in 1894 and called the Crescent City Derby. The race was later renamed in honor of Fair Grounds' home state, Louisiana. Two winners of\n\nQuestion: What is Japanese cruiser Yura", "output": "was the fourth of the six ships completed in the  of light cruisers for the Imperial Japanese Navy, and like other vessels of her class, she was intended for use as the flagship of a destroyer flotilla."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ninox is a genus of true owls comprising 36 species found in Asia and Australasia. Many species are known as hawk-owls or boobooks, but the northern hawk-owl (Surnia ulula) is not a member of this genus. Taxonomy The genus was introduced by English naturalist Brian Houghton Hodgson in 1837 with the type species as Ninox nipalensis, a junior synonym of Strix lugubris Tickell 1833. Strix lugubris is now considered a subspecies of the brown boobook (Ninox scutula lugubris). Species The genus contains 37 species: \u2020 Laughing owl, Ninox albifacies (extinct) Rufous owl, Ninox rufa Powerful owl, Ninox strenua Barking owl, Ninox connivens Sumba boobook, Ninox rudolfi Australian boobook, Ninox boobook Rote boobook Ninox rotiensis Timor boobook Ninox fusca Alor boobook, Ninox plesseni Tasmanian boobook, Ninox leucopsis Morepork, Ninox novaeseelandiae Northern boobook, Ninox japonica Brown boobook, Ninox scutulata Hume's boobook, Ninox obscura Chocolate boobook, Ninox randi Andaman boobook, Ninox affinis Philippine\n\n\"So Over You\" is a song by Australian recording artist Paulini, taken from her second studio album, Superwoman (2006). It was written by Nigel Butler, Paulini, Ray Hedges, Andy Love and Jarrad Rogers, while the production was handled by Hedges. \"So Over You\" was released as a CD single and Digital EP on 13 May 2006, as the second single from the album. The song peaked at number 49 on the ARIA Singles Chart. The accompanying music video was directed by Jonathan and Josh Baker, and features scenes of Paulini at an outdoor basketball court. Track listing CD single / Digital EP \"So Over You\" (Cutfather & Joe Remix Edit) \u2013 2:53 \"So Over You\" (Breathe Remix) \u2013 2:49 \"So Over You\" (Mrtimothy's Radio Remix) \u2013 3:08 \"Shake It Up\" featuring Nate Wad\u00e9 \u2013 3:17 Charts \"So Over You\" debuted on the ARIA Singles Chart at number 50 on 22\n\nRachel Hetherington (born 23 April 1972) is an Australian professional golfer playing on the American LPGA Tour. Hetherington played under her married name, Rachel Teske, from 2001\u201304. Career overview Hetherington was born in Port Macquarie, Australia. One of the greatest golfers to come out of Australia, she had a very impressive career as an amateur. She was the New South Wales Junior Champion from 1989\u201392. In 1992, she won the New South Wales Women's Amateur Championship and the Tasmanian Amateur Open. Hetherington joined the LPGA Tour in 1997, making the cut in 25 of the 28 tournaments she played that year. Her greatest year to date was 2003, when she won twice (earning back-to-back titles for the second time in her career), finished in the top ten 11 times and earned over $900,000 in prize money. She has won 8 tournaments on the LPGA Tour, the last coming in 2003.\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Rachel Hetherington.", "output": "Rachel Hetherington is an Australian professional golfer playing on the American LPGA Tour."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin. They are a normal constituent of many bacteria; the name just reflects the way by which the protein was discovered. All \u03b2-lactam antibiotics (except for tabtoxinine-\u03b2-lactam, which inhibits glutamine synthetase) bind to PBPs, which are essential for bacterial cell wall synthesis. PBPs are members of a subgroup of enzymes called transpeptidases. Specifically, PBPs are DD-transpeptidases. Diversity There are a large number of PBPs, usually several in each organism, and they are found as both membrane-bound and cytoplasmic proteins. For example, Spratt (1977) reports that six different PBPs are routinely detected in all strains of E. coli ranging in molecular weight from 40,000 to 91,000. The different PBPs occur in different numbers per cell and have varied affinities for penicillin. The PBPs are usually broadly classified into high-molecular-weight (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW)\n\nKorgan is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 254 km2, and its population is 27,349 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of . History The district of Korgan has been a source of iron ore since the reign of Mithridates, King of Pontus, and even before that the area was occupied by Persians in the reign of Darius I in the 6th century BC, as part of the Satrapy of Pontus and Cappadocia. The Persian presence was erased by the armies of Alexander the Great in 331BC, and the area eventually became part of the Kingdom of Pontus and then the Roman Empire. This era ended in 1083 when Korgan was conquered by the Turkish armies of Danishmend Gazi. Subsequently a number of Turkish tribes ruled here until 1398 when Bayezid I brought the area, then known as Ke\u015fdere after a tributary of the\n\nLai Chi Kok Bay (Chinese: \u8354\u679d\u89d2\u7063) or Lai Wan (Chinese: \u8354\u7063) was a bay west of Lai Chi Kok in Hong Kong. North of the bay is Kau Wa Keng. The bay was largely recreational during its history. In the early and mid 20th century, bathing pavilions were built on the beach of the bay for swimmers, and boats were rented for rowing around the bay. Lai Chi Kok Amusement Park, the Song Dynasty Village, and theatres were built on the shore. The bay was later reclaimed and recreational facilities like a park, swimming pool, library, and indoor sports facilities were built. Lai Chi Kok Bay literally means the point of lychee. The bay was spanned by the Lai Chi Kok Bridge, built 1968. In 1975, the Hong Kong Government announced plans to reclaim the bay and turn it into a public park. Though the bay was popular with swimmers,\n\nQuestion: What is Lai Chi Kok Bay", "output": "Lai Chi Kok Bay or Lai Wan was a bay west of Lai Chi Kok in Hong Kong."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Oscar Joseph \"Ossie\" Vitt (January 4, 1890 \u2013 January 31, 1963) was a Major League Baseball third baseman and manager in the American League for the Detroit Tigers (1912\u20131918) and Boston Red Sox (1919\u20131921). Vitt later became manager of the Cleveland Indians (1938\u20131940), where he sometimes clashed with his players. Playing career Ossie Vitt was a product of the sandlots of San Francisco. He broke into the Pacific Coast League as third baseman for the San Francisco Seals in 1911. He later advanced to the majors as a utility infielder for the Detroit Tigers. Through his major league career, Vitt played 833 games at 3rd base and 161 games at 2nd base. As the Tigers' regular third baseman from 1915 through 1917, he never batted higher than .254. But he was described as a smart, scrappy baseball man. Vitt had a career batting average of .238, and was a talented\n\nClarence Lester \"Biggie\" Munn (September 11, 1908 \u2013 March 18, 1975) was an American football player, coach, and college athletics administrator. He was the head football coach at Albright College (1935\u20131936), Syracuse University (1946), and most notably Michigan State College (1947\u20131953), where his 1952 squad won a national championship. Munn retired from coaching in 1953 to assume duties as Michigan State's athletic director, a position he held until 1971. Each year, the Michigan State Spartans football team hands out the \"Biggie Munn Award\" to the team's most motivational player. Michigan State's Munn Ice Arena, built in 1974, is named in his honor. Munn was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1959, and, in 1961, he became Michigan State's first inductee into the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame. He authored the coaching textbook Michigan State Multiple Offense in 1953. Early life and playing career Munn\n\nAdelobasileus is a genus of mammaliamorph cynodonts from the Late Triassic (Carnian), about 225 million years ago. It is known only from a partial skull recovered from the Tecovas Formation in western Texas, southern United States, referred to the species Adelobasileus cromptoni. Roughly contemporary with the mammaliaform Tikitherium, Adelobasileus predates the non-mammalian cynodonts Tritylodontidae and Tritheledontidae by 10 million years. Distinct cranial features, especially the housing of the cochlea, suggest that Adelobasileus is a transitional form in the character transformation from non-mammaliaform cynodonts to mammaliaforms. For this reason, it is thought to be a close relative of the common ancestor of all modern mammals. Though traditionally classified as a mammal by trait-based taxonomy, it is outside the crown group containing all true mammals. References Sources External links Adelobasileus from Palaeos Prehistoric prozostrodonts Prehistoric cynodont genera Late Triassic synapsids Triassic synapsids of North America Fossil taxa described in 1990 Taxa named\n\nQuestion: What's Clarence Munn?", "output": "Clarence Lester \"Biggie\" Munn was an American football player, coach, and college athletics administrator."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Heather McElhatton is a writer and producer for Public Radio International. McElhatton produced the literary series Talking Volumes from 2001 to 2006. From 2005 to 2007 she hosted the live variety show Stage Sessions for Minnesota Public Radio at the Fitzgerald Theater in St Paul, Minnesota. The show combined storytelling, spoken word, music and featured guests including Sebastian Junger, Ann Bancroft, Kevin Kling, Bill Holm and Robert Bly. Biography McElhatton was born in Chicago, Illinois. MCElhatton studied at the University of London and SACI in Florence, Italy, and earned her MFA in creative writing from Warren Wilson College in Asheville, North Carolina. McElhatton has published several short stories, including Red Shoes in Alabama and the Whore Who Wore Them which was nominated for a Pushcart Prize in 2001. McElhatton appeared on a televised episode of This American Life in a segment called \"Peezilla\", where she recaptured her experience on a\n\nJody Simon (born June 4, 1956) is an American pharmacist and retired professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Joe Malenko. He is the son of Boris Malenko and the older brother of Dean Malenko. Professional wrestling career Japan Malenko is most known for his stints wrestling in Japan. Malenko began in the Universal Wrestling Federation (Japan) in May 1985 for 13 days. One of his most well known matches in the UWF was his tag match with Super Tiger where they faced the team of Yoshiaki Fujiwara and Osamu Kido. Malenko would then team up with his brother, Dean, in All Japan Pro Wrestling to form \"The Malenko Brothers\". Malenko would tour regularly with All Japan from February 1988 until May 1992. Malenko had two reigns as World Junior Heavyweight Champion. From late 1989 to early 1990, he teamed with Kenta Kobashi against the Can-Am Express (Dan Kroffat\n\nShuriken School is an animated series that first aired on August 20, 2006. It was produced by Xilam Animation and Zinkia Entertainment (known for producing Pocoyo) in association with France 3 and Jetix Europe. Characters Main Eizan Kaburagi (voiced by Nathan Kress) is a 10-year-old ninja student of Shuriken. Eizan is intelligent, hardworking, and eager to learn. His dream since childhood is to become a ninja. It is hinted that he has a crush on Okuni and also has a rivalry with Naginata. His weapon is a green plastic ruler. He is also clumsy as shown in the episode \"Phantom of the Kabuki\". Okuni Dohan (voiced by Jessica DiCicco) is a 10-year-old ninja student of Shuriken, and the only female member of the main group, also the most studious of them. She frequently cites examples from important lessons, and possesses great deductive skills and origami talent, and her weapon is\n\nQuestion: What is Shuriken School?", "output": "Shuriken School is an animated series that first aired on August 20, 2006."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Istabraq (born 23 May 1992) is a retired Irish Thoroughbred racehorse who was most famous for his hurdling. He won the Champion Hurdle on three occasions. He was trained by Aidan O'Brien and owned by John Patrick McManus. Jockey Charlie Swan rode him in all of his 29 races over jumps. Early life Istabraq was bred for the flat, being by the outstanding champion sire Sadler's Wells, who won the Irish 2,000 Guineas over 1 mile and also being three parts brother to an Epsom Derby winner, Secreto. Istabraq was tried unsuccessfully over a mile and failed to please his handlers and owner Sheikh Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum of Shadwell Racing and a partner in his family's Godolphin Stables. Jumps racing The horse was sold to John Durkan who had been an assistant to John Gosden with the Baring Bingham Novices' Hurdle as the target for the Cheltenham Festival.\n\nWe Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions is the fourteenth studio album by Bruce Springsteen. Released in 2006, it peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 and won the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album at the 49th Grammy Awards. Background This is Springsteen's first album of entirely non-Springsteen material and contains his interpretation of thirteen folk songs made popular by activist folk musician Pete Seeger. Using songs written by others, Seeger focused on popularizing and promoting the ethic of local, historical musical influences and recognizing the cultural significance that folk music embodies. Springsteen's project began in 1997, when he recorded \"We Shall Overcome\" for the Where Have All the Flowers Gone: the Songs of Pete Seeger tribute album, released the following year. Springsteen had not known much about Seeger, given his rock and roll upbringing, and investigated Seeger's music. While playing the songs in his house, Springsteen was\n\nFerdinand Nicolai Roll (28 May 1831 \u2013 28 February 1921) was a Norwegian jurist and politician for the Conservative Party. He was born in Trondhjem as the son of judge and politician Jacob Roll and his third wife Nicoline Selmer. He had three siblings. Like his father, he took a law education, enrolling as a student in 1847 and graduating as cand.jur. in 1852. In 1870 he was appointed district stipendiary magistrate (sorenskriver) in Romsdalens Amt. He resided in Molde. While stationed here, he was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1877, representing the constituency of Aalesund og Molde. He was re-elected in 1880 and 1883. When the first cabinet Stang assumed office in 1889, Roll was brought in as a part of the executive branch of government. He was appointed Minister of Justice and the Police on 13 July. He left on 30 June 1890 to become a member\n\nQuestion: Who is Ferdinand Nicolai Roll?", "output": "Ferdinand Nicolai Roll was a Norwegian jurist and politician for the Conservative Party."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nikola Grbi\u0107 (; born 6 September 1973) is a Serbian professional volleyball coach and former player who is currently serving as head coach for the Poland national team. Grbi\u0107 is a gold medalist of the 2000 Summer Olympics, a bronze medalist of the 1996 Summer Olympics, and a multiple World Championship, European Championship, and World League medalist. He was inducted into the Volleyball Hall of Fame in 2016. Career as player Club volleyball In 1994, Grbi\u0107 began playing for Gabeca Montichiari, which started a 13\u2013year career playing for eight different Italian teams and resulted in eight league titles from 1994 to 2013. He won two Championship titles in Italy (2008 Trentino \u2013 2010 Cuneo), and one in Russia (2014 Zenit Kazan). He also won two CEV Euro Champions League titles (2000 Sisley \u2013 2009 Trentino). National team Grbi\u0107 started with the senior national team in 1991, when he was 18\n\nKhalil Kain is an American actor, film producer known for his role as Raheem Porter in the 1992 crime thriller film Juice and as the second Darnell Wilkes on the UPN/CW sitcom Girlfriends (2001\u20132008). He is also known for his role as Patrick Peet in the 2001 horror film Bones. Biography Kain was born in Manhattan, New York City, New York. His mother, June, is of African American and Chinese descent. Kain attended Hunter College High School in New York and later relocated to California, attending Foothill High School; graduating in 1983. Career Kain first appeared in the 1992 film Juice as Raheem. Following roles included Roosevelt Nathaniel Hobbs in the 1994 comedy drama Renaissance Man and Marvin Cox in the 1997 romantic comedy, Love Jones. Kain portrayed golfer Tiger Woods in Showtime's The Tiger Woods Story. In 2001, he teamed again with Juice director Ernest Dickerson in Bones (starring\n\nHugo von Seeliger (23 September 1849 \u2013 2 December 1924), also known as Hugo Hans Ritter von Seeliger, was a German astronomer, often considered the most important astronomer of his day. Biography He was born in Biala, completed high school in Teschen in 1867, and studied at the Universities of Heidelberg and Leipzig. He earned a doctorate in astronomy in 1872 from the latter, studying under Carl Christian Bruhns. He was on the staff of the University of Bonn Observatory until 1877, as an assistant to Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander. In 1874, he directed the German expedition to the Auckland Islands to observe the transit of Venus. In 1881, he became the Director of the Gotha Observatory, and in 1882 became a Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Observatory at the University of Munich, which post he held until his death. His students included Hans Kienle, Ernst Anding, Julius Bauschinger,\n\nQuestion: Who is Hugo von Seeliger?", "output": "Hugo von Seeliger, also known as Hugo Hans Ritter von Seeliger, was a German astronomer, often considered the most important astronomer of his day."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nizhniye Sergi () is a town and the administrative center of Nizhneserginsky District in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on a rolling plain surrounded by the Ural Mountains, on the Serga River from Yekaterinburg, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: History It was founded in 1743. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of the administrative divisions, Nizhniye Sergi serves as the administrative center of Nizhneserginsky District. As an administrative division, it is, together with eleven rural localities, incorporated within Nizhneserginsky District as the Town of Nizhniye Sergi. As a municipal division, the Town of Nizhniye Sergi is incorporated within Nizhneserginsky Municipal District as Nizhneserginskoye Urban Settlement. Economy The town is an industrial center. The basis of its economy is mainly a plant that produces nails, wires, and other products of ferrous metallurgy. Most of the production output is exported. Tourism Nizhniye Sergi, with its Lake Montayevo health resort, is\n\nRichard \"Dick\" Witts (born in Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire) is an English musicologist, music historian, and ex leader of 1980s band the Passage. He attended Clee Grammar School for Boys. He studied at the Royal Manchester College of Music and briefly at Manchester University. During this time he was a member of the Hall\u00e9 Orchestra as a percussionist. During the mid-1970s he wrote for the contemporary classical music magazine Contact. At that time, he was also involved in starting a Manchester Musicians Collective (on the model of the recently established London Musicians Collective). This led into contact with the growing punk scene and he formed the Passage, producing their recordings and singing on many of their releases. He presented television programme Oxford Road Show in the early 1980s for the BBC from Oxford Road Studios, Manchester and was also a reporter for BBC Radio 3. Thirty of his radio interviews and contributions\n\nThousand Families Study was a major epidemiological study, that arose through observations made by Sir James Spence, one of the first ever full-time paediatricians in the United Kingdom, and from 1942, the first holder of a University Chair of Child Health in England. Prior to the Second World War, Newcastle City Council became increasingly concerned about the high infant mortality rate in the city (in 1939 the rate was 62 per 1000 live births) and asked Spence to undertake a review of all deaths of babies. Spence concluded that the excess infant mortality was due to death from acute infection. Further research was curtailed by the Second World War. The Start of the Newcastle Thousand Families Study At the end of the war, the young doctors began to return to take up their former careers. One of those was Fred Miller and in 1946 Spence is reported to have said\n\nQuestion: Define Nizhniye Sergi.", "output": "Nizhniye Sergi is a town and the administrative center of Nizhneserginsky District in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on a rolling plain surrounded by the Ural Mountains, on the Serga River  from Yekaterinburg, the administrative center of the oblast."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Steven Mark Firth (born 1 February 1965 in Halifax, England) is the bass guitarist for the English band Embrace. He studied art at Liverpool University, and also completed a psychology degree. Firth admitted that he only found out about Embrace by chance, as he was looking in the music adverts section of a local paper as an old habit and had temporarily given up due to several failures in bands. He replaced the band's original bass player J Senior in 1995. In spite of the band's affiliation with football through the release of the 2006 World Cup song, Steve is believed to be the only member of the band who is largely interested, and supports Leeds United. He also holds an affinity for Leicester City Firth is also a founding member and bassist of Land Sharks, formed in 2018. The band also features Embrace drummer Mike Heaton. In 2018, Steve\n\nCracticus is a genus of butcherbirds native to Australasia. They are large songbirds, being between in length. Their colour ranges from black-and-white to mostly black with added grey plumage, depending on the species. They have a large, straight bill with a distinctive hook at the end which is used to skewer prey. They have high-pitched complex songs, which are used to defend their essentially year-round group territories: unlike birds of extratropical Eurasia and the Americas, both sexes sing prolifically. Taxonomy The genus Cracticus was introduced by the French ornithologist Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot in 1816 with the hooded butcherbird (Cracticus cassicus) as the type species. The name is from the Ancient Greek kraktikos meaning \"noisy\" or \"clamorous\". Together with three species of currawong (Strepera) and two species of Peltops, the black butcherbird (Melloria quoyi), and the Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen), they form the subfamily Cracticinae within the family Artamidae. The\n\n, was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II who served as Chief of Staff of the Combined Fleet. Fellow Admiral Jinichi Kusaka was his cousin. Kusaka was also the 4th Headmaster of Itt\u014d Sh\u014dden Mut\u014d-ry\u016b Kenjutsu, a famous school of swordsmanship founded by Yamaoka Tessh\u016b. Biography Born to a director of the Sumitomo zaibatsu in Tokyo in 1893, Kusaka's family registry officially listed him as a native of Ishikawa Prefecture, and he was schooled in Osaka. He entered the 41st class of the Imperial Japanese Navy Academy graduating 14th out of a class of 118 in 1913 and graduating from the Naval Gunnery School in 1920. He did his midshipman service on the cruisers and . After he was commissioned as ensign, he was assigned to the battleship and cruiser . He later served on the battleship and destroyer . After his promotion to lieutenant\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Cracticus is.", "output": "Cracticus is a genus of butcherbirds native to Australasia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Bay Colony Railroad is a shortline railroad (STB Class III) operating in Massachusetts. Formerly operating along most of the south coast region (including all lines on Cape Cod), Bay Colony currently operates only along a roughly six-mile stretch of track between New Bedford and Westport, referred to as the Watuppa Branch, as well as a section of the Millis Branch from Medfield Junction to Millis. In addition to moving freight for its customers, Bay Colony also performs AAR-certified repairs on rolling stock and contract track construction projects for other railroads. It has a sister railroad, the Seminole Gulf Railway, which is based out of Fort Myers, Florida. History The Bay Colony railroad was chartered on March 31, 1977, with the intent of taking over freight service on former New Haven lines from Conrail, which was planning to abandon service. The lines were purchased by the state government, and Bay\n\nAndrew Johnson (December 29, 1808July 31, 1875) was the 17th president of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. He assumed the presidency following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, as he was vice president at that time. Johnson was a Democrat who ran with Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket, coming to office as the Civil War concluded. He favored quick restoration of the seceded states to the Union without protection for the newly freed people who were formerly enslaved. This led to conflict with the Republican-dominated Congress, culminating in his impeachment by the House of Representatives in 1868. He was acquitted in the Senate by one vote. Johnson was born into poverty and never attended school. He was apprenticed as a tailor and worked in several frontier towns before settling in Greeneville, Tennessee. He served as alderman and mayor there before being elected to the Tennessee House\n\nPraxeas (Greek: \u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03be\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2) was a Monarchian from Asia Minor who lived in the end of the 2nd century/beginning of the 3rd century. He believed in the unity of the Godhead and vehemently disagreed with any attempt at division of the personalities or personages of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit in the Christian Church. He was opposed by Tertullian in his tract Against Praxeas (Adversus Praxean), and was influential in preventing the Roman Church from granting recognition to the New Prophecy. An early anti-Montanist, he is known only by virtue of Tertullian's book \"Adversus Praxean\". His name in the list of heresies appended to the \"De Praescriptionibus\" of that writer (an anonymous epitome of the lost \"Syntagma\" of Hippolytus) is a correction made by some ancient diorthotes for Noetus. He taught Monarchian doctrine there, or at least a doctrine which Tertullian regarded as Monarchian: \"Paracletum fugavit et patrem crucifixit.\"- \"Having\n\nQuestion: Define Andrew Johnson.", "output": "Andrew Johnson was the 17th president of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Nimrod Expedition of 1907\u20131909, otherwise known as the British Antarctic Expedition, was the first of three successful expeditions to the Antarctic led by Ernest Shackleton and his second expedition to the Antarctic. Its main target, among a range of geographical and scientific objectives, was to be first to the South Pole. This was not attained, but the expedition's southern march reached a Farthest South latitude of 88\u00b0 23' S, just from the pole. This was by far the longest southern polar journey to that date and a record convergence on either Pole. A separate group led by Welsh Australian geology professor Edgeworth David reached the estimated location of the South Magnetic Pole, and the expedition also achieved the first ascent of Mount Erebus, Antarctica's second highest volcano. The expedition lacked governmental or institutional support, and relied on private loans and individual contributions. It was beset by financial problems and\n\nFrancis Edmund Storrs (1883 \u2013 10/11 November 1918) was a British academic and intelligence agent. He was the younger brother of Arabist and colonial administrator Sir Ronald Storrs. He was educated at Radley College from 1897 to 1902, and then at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he received a BA; he won scholarships at both institutions He was a professor at Elphinstone College in Bombay in 1908, and then at Rangoon College in 1912. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1911. On 28 November 1912, he married Catherine Josephine Schiff (d. 1956 Dec. quarter, Westminster). During the First World War, he initially worked for the civil service in matters concerned with supplying Russia; he was awarded the Russian Order of St. Anne for this service. In 1916-17 he served with the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve in Greece with the rank of Lieutenant, then in 1917 with\n\nFrolic Through the Park is the second studio album by the American thrash metal band Death Angel, released in 1988. This was the band's last full-length studio album released on Enigma Records before signing to Geffen Records in 1989. Overview Frolic Through the Park marked a change in style for Death Angel and is considered by many to be one of the band's darkest works. While retaining the speed and thrash roots of its predecessor The Ultra-Violence (1987), the album saw the band implement a more experimental and diverse direction, drawing elements and influences from funk, progressive, hard rock, hardcore punk and then-current music (particularly early U2). The band would continue this experimentation on their next album, Act III (1990). Despite being hailed as a fan favorite, and including one of their most popular songs \"Bored\" (in which its music video had heavy rotation on MTV's Headbangers Ball), the members\n\nQuestion: What is Francis Storrs?", "output": "Francis Edmund Storrs was a British academic and intelligence agent."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The was a standardized test administered in Japan and used for university admissions from 1979 to 1989. The subjects tested basic skills and covered the following subjects: Japanese literature, mathematics, English, social studies and science. The exam was administered by the National Center for University Entrance Examinations, an Independent Administrative Institution. The test was superseded by the National Center Test for University Admissions. Origins The idea of a standardized test was discussed in the 1960s by the Ministry of Education. In the 1970s, the exam became a reality following approval by the government and ruling party. It was intended to reduce the exam stress encountered by high school seniors battling for a place in their choice of college. A decision was made in 1988 to change the name of the exam, and this was implemented in 1990. Testing and exams in Japan 1979 establishments in Japan 1989 disestablishments in Japan\n\nEntiako Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the south flank of the Nechako River watercourse . History In 1956, the boundaries of Tweedsmuir Provincial Park were revised so that the area of what is now Entiako Provincial Park could be opened up for resource extraction. In 1991, the province initiated the Entiako Land and Resource Use Plan in order to address conflict between forestry interests and the need to preserve critical winter habitat for caribou. After 2 years, management of the area was taken on by the newly initiated Vanderhoof Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP) and the Lakes Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP). About 48,261 hectares of land under the Vanderhoof LRMP was designated a Class A Park in 1999, while about 73,268 hectares of land under the Lakes LRMP was designated a protected area in 2001 pending finalization of an ecosystem\n\nChild labour in Namibia is not always reported. This involved cases of child prostitution as well as voluntary and forced agricultural labour, cattle herding and vending. Background Namibia ratified both the ILO Minimum Age Convention (C138) and the ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (C182) in 2000. In addition, the country also ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1990. Namibia signed the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child in 1999, but has not ratified it as yet. Surveys According to the 1999 Namibian Child Activities Survey child labour exists in the country, predominantly in the agricultural sector. The results of a follow-up survey conducted in December 2005 have not been made publicly available. A 2013 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) report indicates that particularly in livestock herding, child labour is prevalent in Namibia, and children work from a very young\n\nQuestion: What's Common first-stage exam?", "output": "The  was a standardized test administered in Japan and used for university admissions from 1979 to 1989."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Sacramento Northern Railway (reporting mark SN) was a electric interurban railway that connected Chico in northern California with Oakland via the California capital, Sacramento. In its operation it ran directly on the streets of Oakland, Sacramento, Yuba City, Chico, and Woodland and ran interurban passenger service until 1941 and freight service into the 1960s. History Summary The Sacramento Northern (SN) was an electrified interurban railroad in California that extended from Oakland north to Chico. A classic interurban in that it ran down the center of city streets in a number of towns, the SN was also a heavy duty electric railroad that moved considerable freight tonnage. There were three branches, one to Woodland, one to Colusa, and one to Oroville. The SN had been two separate interurban companies connecting at Sacramento until 1925. The Oakland, Antioch, and Eastern Railway was a catenary-wire powered line that ran from Oakland through\n\nDo\u011fan\u015fehir (, formerly known as Muhacir and Viran\u015fehir) is a municipality and district of Malatya Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,364 km2, and its population is 37,697 (2022). The mayor is Durali Zelyurt (AKP). Historically the city was known as Sozopetra (Greek: \u03a3\u03c9\u03b6\u03cc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1). Geography The altitude of the town is 1,290 meters above mean sea level. Both plains and mountains are part of the landscape. It borders \u00c7elikhan District to the east, Ad\u0131yaman District to the southeast, Tut District to the south, G\u00f6lba\u015f\u0131 District to the southwest, Nurhak and Elbistan to the west, Ak\u00e7ada\u011f to the north and Ye\u015filyurt to the northeast. The reservoirs at Polat Dam and S\u00fcrg\u00fc Dam are situated in the district. Composition There are 39 neighbourhoods in Do\u011fan\u015fehir District: Alt\u0131ntop Be\u011fre B\u0131\u00e7akc\u0131 \u00c7avu\u015flu \u00c7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k \u00c7\u00f6mlekoba Dedeyaz\u0131 Do\u011fu Elmal\u0131 Erkenek Esentepe Eskik\u00f6y F\u0131nd\u0131kk\u00f6y G\u00f6vdeli G\u00fcnedo\u011fru G\u00fcrobas\u0131 G\u00fczelk\u00f6y Hudut Kad\u0131l\u0131 Kap\u0131dere Karanl\u0131kdere Karaterzi Kar\u015f\u0131yaka Kelhalil K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc Kurucaova \u00d6rencik\n\nIC codes (identity code) or 6+1 codes are codes used by the British police in radio communications and crime recording systems to describe the apparent ethnicity of a suspect or victim. Originating in the late 1970s, the codes are based on a police officer's visual assessment of an individual's ethnicity, as opposed to that individual's self-definition. In most circumstances where an individual's ethnicity is recorded after spoken contact with police (such as a \"stop and search\" or arrest), in addition to visual assessment police are also required to use the more extensive \"18+1\" self defined ethnicity codes, \"even if the category chosen is clearly at odds with the officer\u2019s visual assessment\". The usage of IC codes in relation to individuals is recorded as part of information collected during activities including \"stop and search\", issuing of fixed penalties, arrest, and custody of individuals, and is recorded on a number of police\n\nQuestion: Tell me what IC codes is.", "output": "IC codes or 6+1 codes are codes used by the British police in radio communications and crime recording systems to describe the apparent ethnicity of a suspect or victim."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Rodin Museum is an art museum located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania that contains one of the largest collections of sculptor Auguste Rodin's works outside Paris. Opened in 1929, the museum is administered by the Philadelphia Museum of Art. The museum houses a collection of nearly 150 objects containing bronzes, marbles, and plasters by Rodin. In 2012, the museum re-opened after a three-year, $9 million renovation that brought the museum back to its original vision of displaying Rodin's works. Founding The Museum was the gift of movie-theatre magnate Jules Mastbaum (1872\u20131926) to the city of Philadelphia. Mastbaum began collecting works by Rodin in 1923 with the intent of founding a museum to enrich the lives of his fellow citizens. Within just three years, he had assembled the largest collection of Rodin's works outside Paris, including bronze castings, plaster studies, drawings, prints, letters, and books. In 1926, Mastbaum commissioned French architects Paul\n\nBrisbane Knights Football Club is an Australian soccer club from Rocklea, a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The club currently plays in the Brisbane Premier League, the first tier of senior football in Brisbane (third tier in Queensland and fourth overall in Australia). History The club was initially formed in 1952 under the name HNK Croatia Brisbane but struggled to sustain a full squad of players for the entire season, so the club disbanded. With the steady growth of the Croatian community in following years, the club was reformed in 1957. On 15 May 1957 the club was registered with the governing federation as an official soccer club. The club also played under the names New Farm SC (from 1971-1974), Sunnyside United SC (1975-1987), Croatia Soccer Club (1988), Brisbane Croatia Soccer Club and Rocklea United SC. In the early years the club played at council grounds throughout Brisbane until 1970,\n\nScott Thomas Leius (born September 24, 1965) is a former American League baseball player who played during the 1990s. Leius was drafted by the Minnesota Twins in the 13th round of the 1986 Major League Baseball Draft out of Concordia College in New York. He then played in the minor leagues for the next four seasons. He was a late season call up by the Minnesota Twins and debuted with the parent club on September 3, 1990. Leius would remain with the Minnesota Twins through the 1995 season when he left for the Minnesota Twins' American League rival, the Cleveland Indians where he spent just one season, 1996. Leius was out of Major League Baseball for the 1997 season. Leius played for the Kansas City Royals during the 1998 and 1999 seasons, ending his career on July 3, 1999. It was with Minnesota that Leius was part of their 1991\n\nQuestion: Define Rodin Museum.", "output": "The Rodin Museum is an art museum located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania that contains one of the largest collections of sculptor Auguste Rodin's works outside Paris."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Marion Maddox is an Australian author, academic and political commentator. She is a professor in the department of Modern History, Politics and International Relations at Macquarie University. Maddox is a regular commentator on issues of religion and politics in the Australian media and is a member of the Uniting Church. She authored the book God Under Howard: The rise of the religious right in Australian politics which compared the Howard Government with the religious right in the United States and criticised the decline of mainstream Christianity in Australia. Maddox achieved doctorates in theology and political philosophy from Flinders University and the University of New South Wales respectively. She is also the recipient of an Australian Parliamentary Fellowship. Maddox has worked at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, the Universities of Adelaide and South Australia. In 2002 the Australian Association for the Study of Religion (AASR) Women's Caucus invited Maddox to\n\nRidley sea turtles are a genus (Lepidochelys) of sea turtle comprising two species: Kemp's ridley sea turtle and the olive ridley sea turtle. Kemp's ridley sea turtles are currently on the New York and United States lists of endangered species. Anatomy Adult ridley sea turtles grow to a length of , and weight of . They feed on crabs, fish, cephalopods, clams, and some marine vegetation. Etymology and taxonomic history The origin of \"ridley\" is a subject of speculation. Prior to being known as ridleys, French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lac\u00e9p\u00e8de referred to the Lepidochelys species as \"bastard turtles.\" Renowned sea turtle conservationist Archie Carr claimed that \"ridley\" was a common Floridan term, quite possibly, a dialectal corruption of \"riddle.\" Conservation The Kemp's ridley sea turtles were on the brink of extinction in the 1960s with low numbers of 200 nesting individuals. Due to strict laws that protected their nesting\n\nJahanian (), (Punjabi \u062c\u06c1\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06ba) is a tehsil in Khanewal District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is one of four Sub-divisions of Khanewal district. Previously known as Jahanian Mandi. It is a small city surrounded by villages. The city Jahanian is the headquarter of tehsil Jahanian. Most of the area consists of agriculture land. It is 30 minutes drive from Dokota (28 km) and 45 minutes drive from Multan (42 km). The town is located at the crossroads of the Khanewal\u2013Lodhran National Highway (N-5A), and the Multan\u2013Delhi Grand Trunk Road. It is situated at 416 feet above sea level. Tehsil Jahanian is situated at a point where district Vehari, Khanewal, Lodhran and Multan adjoin as follows. \u2022 North: District Khanewal \u2022 West: District Multan \u2022 South: District Lodhran \u2022 East: District Vehari Transport There is a railway station and a public bus stand. People rely mostly on public station van-type transport. As Jahanian\n\nQuestion: Define Ridley sea turtle.", "output": "Ridley sea turtles  are a genus of sea turtle comprising two species: Kemp's ridley sea turtle and the olive ridley sea turtle."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Matthew Anthony Derbyshire (born 14 April 1986) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for club Bradford City. He played for Blackburn Rovers for five years, and had loan spells with Plymouth Argyle, Wrexham and Olympiacos, before joining the latter club on a permanent basis in 2009. He played for Birmingham City on loan for the 2010\u201311 season, and continued with spells at Nottingham Forest, Oldham Athletic, Blackpool and Rotherham United. He spent four seasons in Cypriot football with Omonia followed by one season with A-League club Macarthur FC before returning to Cyprus with AEK Larnaca. He joined NorthEast United in 2022. He won 14 caps for England at under-21 level. Club career Early life and career Derbyshire was born in Great Harwood, Lancashire and attended Our Lady and St John R.C. High School in Blackburn. He played football as a youngster for Darwen before joining Great\n\nThe Association of Conservative Clubs is an organisation associated with the Conservative Party in the United Kingdom. It represents and provides support to the largest association of political clubs in the country estimated at 1,100. The Association of Conservative Clubs was formed in 1894. Its objects are to assist and encourage the formation of clubs and to support the principles of Conservatism and aims of the Conservative Party. From 1895 to 1941, the association published The Clubman. It was succeeded by Conservative Clubs' Gazette and Conservative Clubs' Magazine. Such clubs can vary from Conservative working men's clubs to more prestigious clubs known as constitutional clubs. Significantly, constitutional clubs are under no obligation to contribute to Conservative Party funds. Reflecting the dual origins of the modern Conservative and Unionist Party, some affiliates are called unionist clubs. They may also be known as Beaconsfield clubs (after Benjamin Disraeli), Salisbury clubs or any\n\nWhiteshell Provincial Park is a provincial park in southeast Manitoba, approximately east of the city of Winnipeg. The park is considered to be a Class II protected area under the IUCN protected area management categories. It is in size. The park protects areas representative of the Lake of the Woods Ecoregion within the Boreal Shield ecozone. The park's protection also specifically extends to the Tie Creek basin, an area of great spiritual significance to Indigenous peoples. History Whiteshell Provincial Park was designated a provincial park by the Government of Manitoba in 1961. It was one of the first group of parks established the year following the passage of the Manitoba Provincial Parks Act. Tourism interest in the area had begun shortly after the arrival of railway lines\u2014the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1883 and the Canadian Northern Railway around 1908. In 1927, the area was suggested as the location for Manitoba's\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Matt Derbyshire.", "output": "Matthew Anthony Derbyshire is an English professional footballer who plays as a  striker for  club Bradford City."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rachel Lynn Mayer (married name: Godino) (born December 12, 1973) is an American former ice dancer. With partner Peter Breen, she represented the United States at the 1992 Winter Olympics where they placed 15th. Personal life Mayer was born December 12, 1973 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In 1991, she graduated from The Rivers School in Weston, Massachusetts. She married Tom Godino, Jr., with whom she has three children \u2013 Kylie, Thomas, and Annie. She lives in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. Career Mayer and Breen won the silver medal at the 1992 U.S. Championships. They competed at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France, finishing 15th. Their original dance was to the music of Saak-I-Jaarven and their free dance was to the soundtrack of Doctor Zhivago. In 2001, Mayer was elected chair of the United States Olympic Committee's Athletes' Advisory Council (AAC) for 2001\u20132004 and served on the USOC Board of Directors\n\nA sag pond is a body of fresh water collected in the lowest parts of a depression formed between two sides of an active strike-slip, transtensional or normal fault zone. Formation A sag pond is formed along a strike-slip fault, which may create a depression in the earth. When water enters the depression from rivers, streams, rainfall or snowfall, it fills the low-lying area, and a pond is the result. Scientific significance Sag pond formation is common in California, and many of them can be found on the San Andreas Fault, which runs through the western part of the state. Aerial photography or high-resolution topography can easily determine their locations. Uses Sag ponds have been converted into stock reservoirs. Larger sag ponds are converted into reservoirs for public water sources, such as San Andreas Lake Examples Sag ponds of various sizes can be found along the San Andreas Fault, most\n\nTet Repressor proteins (otherwise known as TetR) are proteins playing an important role in conferring antibiotic resistance to large categories of bacterial species. Tetracycline (Tc) is a broad family of antibiotics to which bacteria have evolved resistance. Tc normally kills bacteria by binding to the bacterial ribosome and halting protein synthesis. The expression of Tc resistance genes is regulated by the repressor TetR. TetR represses the expression of TetA, a membrane protein that pumps out substances toxic to the bacteria like Tc, by binding the tetA operator. In Tc-resistant bacteria, TetA will pump out Tc before it can bind to the ribosome because the repressive action of TetR on TetA is halted by binding of Tc to TetR. Therefore, TetR may have an important role in helping scientists to better understand mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and how to treat antibiotic resistant bacteria. TetR is one of many proteins in the\n\nQuestion: Define TetR.", "output": "Tet Repressor proteins are proteins playing an important role in conferring antibiotic resistance to large categories of bacterial species."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alto Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes (), or Nordeste Transmontano, is a former NUTS-level 3 subregion of the Norte Region of Portugal. It was abolished at the January 2015 NUTS 3 revision. Its 15 municipalities occupied an area of in the north-east of continental Portugal with an estimated 2008 population of 214,460 inhabitants; thus it constituted approximately 40% of the area, but only 6.1% of the population, of the Norte Region. Geography The Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes area refers to a contiguous territory that has similar social and cultural identities, but diverges on the potential economic abilities, while constituting a territorial unit with scale and critical mass to act in concert politically. In addition to its land border with Spain (in the north and north-northeast), it is also juxtapositioned with the subregions of the Douro (to the south), T\u00e2mega Subregion (in the southwest), Ave (in the southwest) and C\u00e1vado (in the west). The NUTS III region of\n\nBra\u2013ket notation, also called Dirac notation, is a notation for linear algebra and linear operators on complex vector spaces together with their dual space both in the finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional case. It is specifically designed to ease the types of calculations that frequently come up in quantum mechanics. Its use in quantum mechanics is quite widespread. Bra-ket notation was created by Paul Dirac in his 1939 publication A New Notation for Quantum Mechanics. The notation was introduced as an easier way to write quantum mechanical expressions. The name comes from the English word \"Bracket\". Quantum mechanics In quantum mechanics, bra\u2013ket notation is used ubiquitously to denote quantum states. The notation uses angle brackets, and , and a vertical bar , to construct \"bras\" and \"kets\". A ket is of the form . Mathematically it denotes a vector, , in an abstract (complex) vector space , and physically it represents a\n\nA tiki bar is a themed drinking establishment that serves elaborate cocktails, especially rum-based mixed drinks such as the Mai Tai and Zombie cocktails. Tiki bars are aesthetically defined by their tiki culture d\u00e9cor which is based upon a romanticized conception of tropical cultures, most commonly Polynesian. Some bars also incorporate general nautical themes or retro elements from the early atomic age. Many early tiki bars were attached to hotels or were the bar sections for large Asian restaurants. While some are freestanding, cocktail-only affairs, many still serve food; and some hotel-related tiki establishments are still in existence. Large tiki bars may also incorporate a stage for live entertainment. Musicians such as Alfred Apaka and Don Ho played a historically important role in their popularity, and the bars also booked acts such as exotica-style bands and Polynesian dance floor shows. History Don the Beachcomber One of the earliest and perhaps\n\nQuestion: Define Bra\u2013ket notation.", "output": "Bra\u2013ket notation, also called Dirac notation, is a notation for linear algebra and linear operators on complex vector spaces together with their dual space both in the finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional case."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Hillsborough District Brigade of militia was an administrative division of the North Carolina militia established on May 4, 1776. Brigadier General Thomas Person was the first commander. Companies from the eight regiments of the brigade were engaged in 55 known battles and skirmishes in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia during the American Revolutionary War. It was active until the end of the war. Background In 1766, the Province of North Carolina House of Burgess, at the direction of Province of North Carolina Governor William Tryon, divided the state into six judicial districts. The districts did not do away with the county divisions of the state, which continued. Within the Hillsborough District in 1775 were the counties of Caswell, Chatham, Granville, Orange, Randolph (added in 1779), and Wake. At the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, the newly formed North Carolina government converted the state's six existing judicial districts into\n\nHubert Burda Media Holding is a German media group with headquarters in Offenburg. It originated as a small printing business, founded by Franz Burda Snr in Philippsburg, in 1903. In 1986, the corporate group was divided up between Franz Jnr, Frieder and Hubert Burda. In the 1980s and 1990s, the company developed into a major corporation; it is now one of Germany's largest media companies. Its best-known media brands include the magazines Bunte and Superillu, the German edition of Playboy, the news magazine Focus, as well as HuffPost Germany, HolidayCheck and XING. History Founded as a printing company From 1903, Franz Burda (\"I\"), the father of Franz Burda Sr (\"II\") and grandfather of Franz Burda Jr (\"III\") ran a small printing business in Philippsburg. The venture was largely unsuccessful, prompting Burda to start a new company in Offenburg, in 1908. In 1927, the company produced Germany's first radio listings magazine,\n\nLord Strange's Men was an Elizabethan playing company, comprising retainers of the household of Ferdinando Stanley, Lord Strange (pronounced \"strang\"). They are best known in their final phase of activity in the late 1580s and early 1590s. After 25 September 1593, they were known as the Earl of Derby's Men, that being the date of Stanley's accession to his father's title. History Early iterations of the company were active in the 1560s and 1570s; Henry Stanley, 4th Earl of Derby, kept players both before and after his accession to the title in 1572. A later iteration was active throughout the 1580s, playing at Court in 1580\u20131, 1583, and 1585\u20136. And \"active\" was the key word: they were a troupe of acrobats, led by John Symons \"the Tumbler.\" In 1588 the company went through a re-organization: Symons and the other tumblers left for a competing troupe, Queen Elizabeth's Men. Lord Strange's\n\nQuestion: What is Hillsborough District Brigade", "output": "The Hillsborough District Brigade of militia was an administrative division of the North Carolina militia established on May 4, 1776."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Invisible Plane (commonly known as the Invisible Jet) is a plane appearing in DC Comics, commonly used by Wonder Woman as a mode of transport. It was created by William Moulton Marston and first appeared in Sensation Comics #1 (January 1942). Original history The Pre-Crisis version of the invisible plane was a necessity because before the Crisis on Infinite Earths rewrote Wonder Woman's history\u2014along with the histories of many other heroes\u2014Wonder Woman simply could not fly. She grew increasingly powerful through the Silver Age of comic books and beyond, acquiring the power to ride wind currents thus allowing her to imitate flight over short distance. This had limitations, however; for example, if there was no wind and the air was completely still she would be trapped on the ground or if dropped from a distance that she would helplessly fall out of control to the ground. Though this meant\n\n\"I'm Waiting for the Man\" is a song by American rock band the Velvet Underground. Written by Lou Reed, it was first released on their 1967 debut album, The Velvet Underground & Nico. The lyrics describe a man's efforts to obtain heroin in Harlem. In various reviews, it is described as \"tough garage rock\", \"proto-punk classic\", and \"one of the all-time classic rock songs\", with renditions by a number of artists. Recording Along with \"Venus in Furs\" and \"Heroin\", \"I'm Waiting for the Man\" was recorded in May 1966 at TTG Studios while the band was staying in Hollywood. It has been musically described as garage rock, proto-punk, and hard rock. The lyrics describe a man's efforts to obtain heroin. Despite the song's title, the lyrics refer to \"my man\" rather than \"the man\" throughout. Reception and legacy In a song review for AllMusic, Dave Thompson called it \"one of\n\nPaul Robert Ysebaert (born May 15, 1966) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. During his fourteen years playing career, he played 11 years in the National Hockey League as a left wing for the New Jersey Devils, Detroit Red Wings, Winnipeg Jets, Chicago Blackhawks, and Tampa Bay Lightning. Ysebaert accumulated a total of 336 points in 532 games during his career. Playing career Ysebaert was one of the more popular players in Detroit during the early 1990s after arriving in a trade from the New Jersey Devils. Earning the nickname \"Rocket Man\" from the fans, he enjoyed his best season in 1991\u201392, with 35 goals and 40 assists. The same year he became the first Red Wing to win the NHL Plus-Minus Award. Ysebaert was dealt to the Winnipeg Jets before the 1993\u201394 season for former University of Michigan defenceman Aaron Ward. Ysebaert served as the first captain\n\nQuestion: Tell me what I'm Waiting for the Man is.", "output": "\"I'm Waiting for the Man\" is a song by American rock band the Velvet Underground."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Friedrich Otto Schott (1851\u20131935) was a German chemist, glass technologist, and the inventor of borosilicate glass. Schott systematically investigated the relationship between the chemical composition of the glass and its properties. In this way, he solved fundamental problems in glass properties, identifying compositions with optical properties that approach the theoretical limit. Schott's findings were a major advance in the optics for microscopy and optical astronomy. His work has been described as \"a watershed in the history of glass composition\". Early life and education Schott was the son of a window glass maker, Simon Schott. His mother was Karoline Schott. From 1870 to 1873 Schott studied chemical technology at the technical college in Aachen and at the University of W\u00fcrzburg and at the University of Leipzig. He earned a doctorate in chemistry at Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, specializing in glass science. His doctoral thesis was entitled \u201cContributions to the Theory\n\nMark Adrian Roe (born 20 February 1963) is an English Tournament professional golfer, short game coach and golfing analyst for Sky Sports. Roe won worldwide respect for the way he handled being disqualified from the 2003 Open Championship for a scorecard error. Roe played for 22 years and 524 events on the European Tour between 1985 and 2006, winning three tournaments and over \u00a32 million in prize money. He reached number 40 in the world rankings. Later, he achieved success as a short game coach, working with 3 major champions and two world No 1 golfers. He is currently a highly respected analyst and golfing pundit for Sky Sports and continues to coach private clients around the world. Personal life Roe was born in Sheffield. At school he was a gymnast , trampolinist and spring board and high-board diving champion but suffered a perforated eardrum, and while convalescing he took\n\nNagasaki Peace Park is a park located in Nagasaki, Japan, commemorating the atomic bombing of the city on August 9, 1945 during World War II. It is next to the Atomic Bomb Museum and near the Peace Memorial Hall. History Established in 1955, and near to the hypocenter of the explosion, remnants of a concrete wall of Urakami Cathedral can still be seen. Urakami Cathedral was the grandest church in east Asia at the time. At the park's north end is the 10-meter-tall Peace Statue created by sculptor Seibo Kitamura of Nagasaki Prefecture. The statue's right hand points to the threat of nuclear weapons while the extended left hand symbolizes eternal peace. The mild face symbolizes divine grace and the gently closed eyes offer a prayer for the repose of the bomb victims' souls. The folded right leg and extended left leg signify both meditation and the initiative to stand\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Nagasaki Peace Park is.", "output": "Nagasaki Peace Park is a park located in Nagasaki, Japan, commemorating the atomic bombing of the city on August 9, 1945 during World War II."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Michael Dokeianos (), erroneously called Doukeianos by some modern writers, was a Byzantine nobleman and military leader, who married into the Komnenos family. He was active in Sicily under George Maniakes before going to Southern Italy as Catepan of Italy in 1040\u201341. He was recalled after being twice defeated in battle during the Lombard-Norman revolt of 1041, a decisive moment in the eventual Norman conquest of southern Italy. He is next recorded in 1050, fighting against a Pecheneg raid in Thrace. He was captured during battle but managed to maim the Pecheneg leader, after which he was put to death and mutilated. Biography The family name of Dokeianos is considered to derive from Dok[e]ia in the Armeniac Theme. The family only came into prominence in the mid-11th century, with Michael one of the first to be mentioned. He is generally considered as the Dokeianos who married an unnamed daughter of\n\nAlexander Graham Bell (, born Alexander Bell; March 3, 1847 \u2013 August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born inventor, scientist and engineer who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone. He also co-founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885. Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf; profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone, on March 7, 1876. Bell considered his invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study. Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils, and aeronautics. Bell also had a strong influence on the National Geographic\n\nWFLX (channel 29), branded on-air as Fox 29, is a television station in West Palm Beach, Florida, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by Gray Television, which maintains a shared services agreement (SSA) with the E. W. Scripps Company, owner of NBC affiliate WPTV-TV (channel 5) and Stuart-licensed news-formatted independent station WHDT (channel 9), for the provision of certain services. The stations share studios on South Australian Avenue in downtown West Palm Beach (mailing address says Banyan Boulevard, also known as 1st Street), while WFLX's transmitter is located near Wellington west of US 441/SR 7. History WFLX was to begin operations in August 1982 but delays pushed the sign-on date back to October 1, 1982, as an independent station, the market's first. Originally owned by Malrite Communications, it ran a programming lineup typical of independent stations at the time\u2014early-morning cartoons, older sitcoms later in mornings, movies\n\nQuestion: What's Michael Dokeianos?", "output": "Michael Dokeianos, erroneously called Doukeianos by some modern writers, was a Byzantine nobleman and military leader, who married into the Komnenos family."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lyudmila Yevgenyevna Titova () (born 26 March 1946) is a retired Russian speed skater. Short biography After winning three national titles in 1966, she made her international debut at the World Allround Speed Skating Championships of 1966. She finished 18th overall, not having qualified for the final distance, but was second in the 500 m event. Next year, she did not compete much because of exams at the Moscow Aviation Institute where she studied. In 1968, Titova became Soviet allround champion and two weeks later participated in the world all-round championships again, winning both the 500 m and the 1,000 m, while finishing sixth overall. Two weeks after that, at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, she became Olympic Champion on the 500 m and won silver on the 1,000 m, finishing 0.3 seconds behind Dutch skater Carry Geijssen who skated a new Olympic record. Titova became the 1970 World\n\nMusic for Courage and Confidence is a solo album by the American Music Club singer/songwriter Mark Eitzel. One of two cover song albums from him in 2002 (along with The Ugly American), it was released by New West Records and is a collection of songs by different songwriters. Critical reception No Depression gave the album a mixed review, praising the musical backing and production, but writing that Eitzel doesn't have a strong enough voice to put some of the songs over. Track listing \"Snowbird\" (Gene MacLellan) \"Ain't No Sunshine\" (Bill Withers) \"Do You Really Want to Hurt Me\" (George O'Dowd, Jon Moss, Michael Craig, Roy Hay) \"Help Me Make It Through the Night\" (Kris Kristofferson) \"I Only Have Eyes for You\" (Al Dubin, Harry Warren) \"Gentle on My Mind\" (John Hartford) \"More More More\" (Gregory Diamond) \"Move on Up\" (Curtis Mayfield) \"Rehearsals for Retirement\" (Phil Ochs) \"I'll Be Seeing You\"\n\nUndervelier is a former municipality in the district of Del\u00e9mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Bassecourt, Courfaivre, Glovelier, Soulce and Undervelier merged to form the new municipality of Haute-Sorne. History Undervelier is first mentioned in 1179 as Undreviller. The municipality was formerly known by its unknown name Underswiler, however, that name is no longer used. Geography Undervelier had an area of . Of this area, or 24.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 73.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 2.1% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.2% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.9%. Out of the forested land, 70.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.6% is covered with orchards\n\nQuestion: Who is Lyudmila Titova", "output": "Lyudmila Yevgenyevna Titova is a retired Russian speed skater."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Arabs (, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people (), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia and Northern Africa, which formally denotes the \"Arab homeland\". Moreover, a significant Arab diaspora is present in various parts of the world. According to the Abrahamic tradition, Arabs are descendants of Abraham through his son Ishmael, who was born in Canaan, a region in the Levant that is now part of Palestine and Israel. Islamic sources state that Abraham brought Hagar and Ishmael to Mecca. The 14th century Arab historian Ibn Kathir mentions that the pre-Islamic Arabs considered Ishmael as their patriarch. Arabs have been in the Fertile Crescent for thousands of years. In the 9th century BCE, the Assyrians made written references to Arabs as inhabitants of the Levant, Mesopotamia, and Arabia. Throughout the ancient Near East, Arabs established influential civilizations\n\nLozani\u0107's triangle (sometimes called Losanitsch's triangle) is a triangular array of binomial coefficients in a manner very similar to that of Pascal's triangle. It is named after the Serbian chemist Sima Lozani\u0107, who researched it in his investigation into the symmetries exhibited by rows of paraffins (archaic term for alkanes). The first few lines of Lozani\u0107's triangle are 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 3 6 6 3 1 1 3 9 10 9 3 1 1 4 12 19 19 12 4 1 1 4 16 28 38 28 16 4 1 1 5 20 44 66 66 44 20 5 1 1 5 25 60 110 126 110 60 25 5 1 1 6 30 85 170 236 236 170 85 30 6 1 1 6 36 110 255 396 472 396 255 110 36 6 1 1\n\nBarry Lubin (born July 3, 1952) is an American circus performer best known for his Grandma character. His Grandma character was a headline act at the Big Apple Circus in New York City for 25 seasons from 1982 until his 2012 retirement and relocation to Sweden. Lubin's return to the Big Apple Circus in late 2017 was cut short in January 2018 when he admitted to having pressured an underaged, sixteen-year-old circus performer to pose for pornographic pictures in 2004. Early life Lubin was born on July 3, 1952, in Atlantic City, New Jersey, to Edythe Weinberg Lubin, a homemaker, and George Simon Lubin, an audiovisual engineer. He grew up in nearby Ventnor City, where he was known in school as a \"class clown\". He graduated from Atlantic City High School and went on to college, intending to establish a career as a television director, based on some of his\n\nQuestion: What is Lozani\u0107's triangle?", "output": "Lozani\u0107's triangle is a triangular array of binomial coefficients in a manner very similar to that of Pascal's triangle."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Yevgeny Ivanovich Shaposhnikov (; 3 February 1942 \u2013 8 December 2020) was a Soviet and Russian military leader and business figure. He was awarded the rank of Marshal of Aviation in 1991. He was the final Minister of Defense of the Soviet Union. Early years Shaposhnikov was born on a farm near Aksay in Rostov Oblast, Russia. He graduated from the Kharkov Higher Military Aviation School in 1963 and the Gagarin Air Force Academy in 1969. Military career Shaposhnikov joined the Soviet Air Force and rose through the ranks. In 1987\u20131989, Yevgeny Shaposhnikov was the air force commander of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (16th Air Army?). In July 1990, he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Soviet Air Force. Political career Soviet Union In August 1991 \u2013 February 1992, Yevgeny Shaposhnikov held the post of Minister of Defence of Soviet Union (and thus the last Soviet Defence Minister).\n\nLoretta Maxine Schrijver (born 16 May 1956 in New York City) is a Dutch television host. Schrijver started working for television after finishing her studies History and Translation Science, after which she became a famous television personality. She was a news anchor for RTL Nieuws on RTL 4 from 1989 until 2000 and again from 2001 until 2007, presenting alongside Jeroen Pauw among others. In 2000 she exchanged RTL 4 for the AVRO and co-hosted the television program Alle dieren tellen mee (All animals count). After working there for a year she decided that public broadcasting didn't suit her and she returned to the RTL News. In 2005 she was acclaimed the most popular news anchor in the Netherlands in a survey. Since 2019, Schrijver is a jury member in the Dutch version of The Masked Singer. Private In an interview with the NCRV in May 2001, Loretta Schrijver, whose\n\nZaheerabad or Zahirabad, is an industrial city and Municipal Council in Sangareddy district of the Indian state of Telangana. Zahirabad is also the base for visitors of ancient sacred places, Ketaki Sangameshwara Swamy Devasthanam at Jharasangam, Siddhhi Vinayaka Temple at Rejinthal and Hazrath Multani Baba Dargah at Metalkunta. Location Zahirabad lies northwest of Hyderabad on the Mumbai highway (National highway 65). Town name Zahirabad - The name of the city was coined by a Paigah noble called Nawab Mohammad Zaheeruddin Khan (Nawab Zaheer Yar Jung Bahadur). He was the first born son of Nawab Moin-Ud-Dowlah Bahadur Asman Jah. The Paigah family or clan were a Sufi Islamic aristocratic family of Hyderabad state. History Important points in the history of Zaheerabad include the drought of 1972 and the Hyderabad Police Action of 1949. There is Huge big Methodist Church Located in Prime area church was named in the Memory of Rev.G\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Loretta Schrijver.", "output": "Loretta Maxine Schrijver is a Dutch television host."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Helmsdale railway station is a railway station serving the village of Helmsdale in the Highland council area, northern Scotland. It is located on the Far North Line, between Brora and Kildonan, from Inverness. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services. History The Duke of Sutherland's Railway had opened between and (near Gartymore) on 1 November 1870. Extensions of this line southward to and northward to Helmsdale were opened on 19 June 1871. The station buildings were designed by the architect William Fowler. Another company, the Sutherland and Caithness Railway (S&CR), was authorised on 13 July 1871 to take over the powers of the projected Caithness Railway and link Helmsdale with that line at , and the S&CR opened on 28 July 1874. The station master's house on the platform was abandoned in the 1980s. In 2013 it was refitted as self-catering holiday accommodation. Accidents and incidents On 29 April\n\nGery Scott (5 October 1923 \u2013 14 December 2005) was a jazz and cabaret entertainer and teacher, whose performing career spanned 26 countries and over 60 years. She was noted for her powerful stage persona and engaging delivery, with material ranging from the songbooks of Cole Porter, George Gershwin, Irving Berlin, Harold Arlen, Lorenz Hart, Cy Coleman and all the \"standards\" as well as No\u00ebl Coward and some pop material. Whilst she was well known to British audiences during the later part of the Second World War, she achieved most of her fame outside the UK. Early life Born Diana Geraldine Whitburn in Bombay, British India, in 1923 \u2013 a child of the 'Raj' \u2013 she made her first recording in Calcutta for Indian Columbia in 1942 singing \"Stormy Weather\" accompanied by Teddy Weatherford and his band. She then went on to work with various BBC bands in London including\n\nRodman McCamley Price (May 5, 1816June 7, 1894) was an American naval officer, businessman, and Democratic Party politician who served as the 17th Governor of New Jersey from 1854 to 1857. He also worked to establish the American government in California and served on the first San Francisco City Council, where he became a real estate tycoon. He represented New Jersey in the United States House of Representatives for one term from 1851 to 1853. Early life and career Rodman McCamley Price was born in Frankford Township, New Jersey on May 5, 1816. His grandfather and great-uncle were quartermasters for the Continental Army and later merchants. He attended the public schools of New York City and the Lawrenceville Academy. Price pursued classical studies at The College of New Jersey (today Princeton University) but did not graduate due to illness. He read law but never practiced, choosing instead to enter the\n\nQuestion: What is Rodman M. Price?", "output": "Rodman McCamley Price was an American naval officer, businessman, and Democratic Party politician who served as the 17th Governor of New Jersey from 1854 to 1857."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Irvin Joel Vigo Guzm\u00e1n (born November 24, 1984) is a Dominican professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Tampa Bay Devil Rays and in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Chunichi Dragons. Career Los Angeles Dodgers Guzm\u00e1n signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers as an international free agent on July 2, 2001. He was signed for $2.25 million, a franchise record signing bonus. Guzm\u00e1n worked his way through the minor leagues, becoming a top prospect. He was named the Dodgers Minor League Player of the Year in 2004 and was elected to the Florida State League All-Star Game. In 2005, he was named a Southern League All-Star, and ranked the fifth-best overall prospect by Baseball America. Guzm\u00e1n also played in the All-Star Futures Game twice, in 2004 and 2006. With a jump to the Major League level predicted for the 2006\n\nErnst Constantin Fetterlein (3 April 1873 \u2013 June 1944) was a Russian cryptographer who later defected to Britain. Fetterlein was born in St Petersburg, the son of Karl Fedorovich Fetterlein, a German-language tutor, and Olga Fetterlein, n\u00e9e Meier. He studied a variety of eastern languages at the University of St Petersburg, graduating in 1894. On 25 November 1896 he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He eventually became the chief cryptologist for the Tsar of Russia, holding the rank of \"General-Admiral,\" an honorary title in Tsarist Russia. During World War I, he was known for a time as Ernst Popov as his German-derived name could have drawn unwanted attention. Amongst others, he solved German, Austrian and British codes. Upon the Russian Revolution of 1917, he fled to Western Europe with his wife on board a Swedish ship, narrowly evading capture. He contacted the British and French intelligence organisations, offering to\n\nJules de Balincourt (born 1972) is a French-born American contemporary artist, based in Brooklyn, New York. He is best known for his abstract, atmospheric paintings, with saturated colors, blurring the line between fantasy and reality. Biography In 1972 de Balincourt was born in Paris and moved throughout his childhood but primarily growing up near the Malibou Lake area in the Santa Monica Mountains. He was educated in the San Francisco Bay Area at the California College of the Arts (CCA), receiving a B.F.A. in ceramics in 1998 and went on to study in New York City at the Hunter College graduating in 2005 with an M.F.A. In 2006, de Balincourt founded the alternative art space Starr Space (formerly known as Starr Street Projects) in Brooklyn, New York. Starr Space operated for three years and was used for diverse community programming, art events, yoga, weekly farmers market, rock shows, church parties\n\nQuestion: Who is Joel Guzm\u00e1n?", "output": "Irvin Joel Vigo Guzm\u00e1n is a Dominican professional baseball player."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Christine of Hesse (29 June 1543 \u2013 13 May 1604) was Duchess consort of Holstein-Gottorp as the spouse of Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp. She exerted some political influence as a widow after 1586. Biography Christine was born in Kassel as a daughter of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse and his spouse Christine of Saxony. She was given a strict Protestant upbringing by her aunt Elizabeth, Dowager Duchess of Saxony. Christine received a proposal from King Eric XIV of Sweden, but this did not come about. Her wedding celebration resulted in a scandal, when the guests at the wedding reception consumed too much alcohol. In 1565, the Gottorf Castle was destroyed by fire, which cost her her personal possessions. As duchess, Christine supported churches and schools and scholarships to poor students in theology. She was interested in medicine, and also manufactured her own medicines. As a widow after 1586, Christine defended\n\nThe ISU Speed Skating World Cup is a series of international speed skating competitions, organised annually by the International Skating Union since the winter of 1985\u201386. Every year during the winter season, a number of competitions on different distances and on different locations are held. Skaters can earn points at each competition, and the skater who has the most points on a given distance at the end of the series is the winner. Initially not very popular with skaters nor spectators, the World Cup has gradually become more and more popular, and this was due to the creation of the World Single Distance Championships. The results of the separate distances in the World Cup ranking are the main qualifying method for the World Single Distance Championships. The number of races per season per distance varies, but it is usually between five and ten. Ten World Cup titles are awarded every\n\nCentime (from ) is French for \"cent\", and is used in English as the name of the fraction currency in several Francophone countries (including Switzerland, Algeria, Belgium, Morocco and France). In France, the usage of centime goes back to the introduction of the decimal monetary system under Napoleon. This system aimed at replacing non-decimal fractions of older coins. A five-centime coin was known as a sou, i.e. a solidus or shilling. In Francophone Canada of a Canadian dollar is officially known as a cent (pronounced /s\u025bnt/) in both English and French. However, in practice, the form of cenne (pronounced /s\u025bn/) has completely replaced the official cent. Spoken and written use of the official form cent in Francophone Canada is exceptionally uncommon. In the Canadian French vernacular sou, sou noir ( means \"black\" in French), cenne, and cenne noire are all widely known, used, and accepted monikers when referring to either\n\nQuestion: What is ISU Speed Skating World Cup?", "output": "The ISU Speed Skating World Cup is a series of international speed skating competitions, organised annually by the International Skating Union since the winter of 1985\u201386."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) is an International Labour Organization (ILO) classification structure for organizing information on labour and jobs. It is part of the international family of economic and social classifications of the United Nations. The current version, known as ISCO-08, was published in 2008 and is the fourth iteration, following ISCO-58, ISCO-68 and ISCO-88. The ILO describes the purpose of the ISCO classification as: a tool for organizing jobs into a clearly defined set of groups according to the tasks and duties undertaken in the job. It is intended for use in statistical applications and in a variety of client oriented applications. Client oriented applications include the matching of job seekers with job vacancies, the management of short or long term migration of workers between countries and the development of vocational training programmes and guidance. The ISCO is the basis for many national occupation classifications as\n\nRough Mix is an album by the Who's guitarist Pete Townshend and former Small Faces and Faces bassist Ronnie Lane. The album was released in September 1977 as Polydor 2442 in the UK and MCA 2295 in the US. It peaked at number 44 on the UK album chart, and at number 45 on the Billboard 200. Content On 21 October 1976, the Who closed a brief North American tour in Toronto at Maple Leaf Gardens, a show that would be the last with Keith Moon before a paying audience. The Who then took a hiatus as band members pursued various individual interests. Pete Townshend had been initially contacted by Ronnie Lane to produce his next album. The project instead turned into a full-blown collaboration between the pair. Lane expressed an interest in a songwriting collaboration but Townshend, who has very rarely co-written songs, was unwilling. The instrumental title track\n\nHerblay-sur-Seine (, \"Herblay-on-Seine\"; before 2018: Herblay) is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in the \u00cele-de-France region in Northern France. It is located from the centre of Paris, in its northwestern outer suburbs, on the departmental border with Yvelines. In 2019, it had a population of 31,314. It is twinned with Yeovil, England. Geography Climate Herblay-sur-Seine has a oceanic climate (K\u00f6ppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Herblay-sur-Seine is . The average annual rainfall is with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in December, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Herblay-sur-Seine was on 6 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 7 January 2009. Demographics Transport Herblay-sur-Seine is served by Herblay station on the Transilien Paris-Saint-Lazare suburban rail line. Education Schools in Herblay-sur-Seine: Six primary school : Jean-Louis Etienne, Jean Moulin,\n\nQuestion: What's International Standard Classification of Occupations?", "output": "The International Standard Classification of Occupations is an International Labour Organization classification structure for organizing information on labour and jobs."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Techron is a patented fuel additive developed by Chevron Corporation and sold in its fuel operations (including Texaco and Caltex). It contains a polyether amine-based detergent, which is purported to dissolve deposits in automotive engines and prevent them from building up. Chevron released Techron as an additive in 1981, and began including it in all of their gasoline products in 1995. It is still available as a concentrate today. The Chevron Cars debuted in 1995 and were used to advertise the additive. Components Techron consists of five components: Distillates, hydrotreated light at 40-70% weight Stoddard solvent at 15-40% weight Solvent naphtha (petroleum), light aromatic at 5-10% weight 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene at 1-5% weight Polyetheramine (PEA) (detergent), polyether amines at 20-49% weight Predecessor \"Techroline\" was the predecessor to Techron. The company claimed it could control combustion-chamber deposits in cars, as well as keep their fuel-intake systems clean. See also List of automotive fuel\n\nLyle Stathem Bettger (February 13, 1915 \u2013 September 24, 2003) was an American character actor who had roles in Hollywood films and television from the 1950s onward, often portraying villains. One such role was the wrathfully jealous elephant handler Klaus from the Oscar-winning film The Greatest Show on Earth (1952). Early life and education Bettger was born in Philadelphia, the son of Frank Bettger, an infielder for the St. Louis Cardinals, and Mertie Stathem Bettger. He graduated from the Haverford School in Haverford, Pennsylvania and from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City. Stage Bettger's theatrical debut was in Brother Rat at the Biltmore Theatre in New York City in 1936. His Broadway credits include Dance Night (1938), Summer Night (1939), The Flying Gerardos (1940\u20131941), The Moon Is Down (1942), All for All (1943), Oh, Brother! (1945), John Loves Mary (1947\u20131948), and Love Life (1948\u20131949). When Paramount\n\nLawrence Joseph Staverman (October 11, 1936 \u2013 July 12, 2007) was an American professional basketball player and coach. A 6' 7\" forward from Villa Madonna College (now known as Thomas More College), Staverman was drafted in the 9th round of the 1958 NBA draft by the Cincinnati Royals. He had a five-year career as a player in the NBA, with the Royals, the Chicago Zephyrs/Baltimore Bullets, and the Detroit Pistons. Staverman was the first coach of the American Basketball Association's Indiana Pacers. He coached the team for its first season (where they went 38\u201340 and lost in a three game sweep in the playoffs) and the first nine games of the next season before being replaced by Bobby Leonard. He later served as an interim coach for the Kansas City Kings in the 1977\u201378 season after they had won just thirteen of 37 games to start the year. He went\n\nQuestion: What's Techron?", "output": "Techron is a patented fuel additive developed by Chevron Corporation and sold in its fuel operations."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ferganasaurus (meaning \"Fergana Valley lizard\") was a genus of dinosaur first formally described in 2003 by Alifanov and Averianov. The type species is Ferganasaurus verzilini. It was a sauropod similar to Rhoetosaurus. Ferganasaurus is known exclusively from the Balabansai Formation of Kyrgyzstan, which dates to the Callovian stage of the Middle Jurassic. Discovery and naming The holotype, PIN N 3042/1 (two dorsal and sixteen caudal vertebrae, a pelvis and limb bones), was discovered in 1966 by Kurzanov and Rhozdestvensky in Middle Jurassic (Callovian)-aged rocks from the Balabansai Formation, Kyrgyzstan, but it was subsequently lost with only drawings of the holotype remaining. A 2000 expedition into the Balabansai Formaiton yielded a second specimen of Ferganasaurus, but despite this new material, and the drawings of the originals, no cranial material has ever been attributed to Ferganasaurus. In 2003, the species Freganasaurus verzilini was described by Alifanov & Averianov. Description Ferganasaurus grew up\n\nPiezo ignition is a type of ignition that is used in portable camping stoves, gas grills and some lighters. Piezo ignition uses the principle of piezoelectricity, which, in short, is the electric charge that accumulates in some materials in response to mechanical deformation. It consists of a small, spring-loaded hammer which, when a button is pressed, hits a crystal of PZT. This sudden forceful deformation produces a high voltage and subsequent electrical discharge, which ignites the gas. No external electric connection is required, though wires are sometimes used to place the sparking location away from the crystal itself. Piezo ignition systems can be operated by either a lever, push-button or built into the control knob. An electric spark is usually generated once per turn of the knob or press of the button. References External links Piezo Disassembly \u2014 Exposing the piezo element in a barbecue lighter Piezo Igniter Life \u2014\n\nLitton () is a small village and civil parish between Chewton Mendip and West Harptree in the Mendip Hills, Somerset, England. The parish includes the hamlet of Sherborne. Very close to the village are the Litton Reservoirs. History Litton was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Litune, meaning 'The small enclosure' from the Old English lyt and tun. It was the property of Gisa, Bishop of Wells. The shape of some of the existing fields with cross-slope and down-slope field banks and cultivated ridges forming an interleaving irregular mosaic suggest they are of medieval origin. The parish was part of the hundred of Wells Forum. Governance The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district\n\nQuestion: What is Piezo ignition?", "output": "Piezo ignition is a type of ignition that is used in portable camping stoves, gas grills and some lighters."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Haikou Meilan International Airport is the airport serving Haikou, the capital of Hainan Province, China. It is located southeast of the city center and was opened in 1999, replacing the old Dayingshan Airport located along what is now the city's Guoxing Avenue. The airport is operated by Hainan Meilan International Airport Company Limited. Haikou Meilan International Airport is the largest and busiest airport in Hainan, the second busiest being Sanya Phoenix International Airport. In 2019, the passenger throughput was 24.216 million, ranking 17th among China's civil airports; the cargo throughput reached about 175,600 tons, ranking 19th; the aircraft movement was about 164,800, ranking 22nd. Construction Process Initial Construction Hainan Province was established in 1988. As Haikou City is the provincial capital, its development plan is put on the agenda. At that time, Haikou Dayingshan Airport could not be expanded because it was located in the city center and could not\n\nAr tonelico: Melody of Elemia, released in Japan as is a role-playing video game developed by Gust Corporation for the PlayStation 2 and originally published by Banpresto in 2006. There are other media releases based on the game, including the manga Ar tonelico -arpeggio-, the anime OVA Ar tonelico, and several drama CDs. At E3 2006, Nippon Ichi Software America (NIS America) announced that it would pick up Ar tonelico, with an expected release date on October 31, 2006. However, that release was delayed until February 6, 2007 to provide more time for localization. The European version was released by 505 Games on May 22, 2007. However, it was released in very limited quantities only in France, Italy, and Spain and as such European copies of the game are rare and the very existence of the PAL version remained widely unnoticed. A sequel titled Ar tonelico II: Melody of Metafalica\n\nCornelis Bloemaert II (1603 \u2013 28 September 1692), was a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver. Biography Bloemaert was born at Utrecht. He studied with his father, Abraham Bloemaert, his brothers Hendrick and Adriaan, and his father's pupil, Gerard van Honthorst. Though originally trained as a painter, he devoted himself primarily to printmaking, which he learned from Crispijn van de Passe. He went to Paris in 1630, where he made engravings from among others, Michel de Marolles's Temple des Muses, before going to Rome in 1633. His chisel can be recognised by the colours' richness and the smoothness of their transitions. Amongst his pupils were Michel Natalis and Gilles Rousselet. Some of his better known engravings are of Annibale Carracci's The Holy Family, Pietro da Cortona's Adoration of the Shepherds, and Rubens' Meleager. According to Houbraken he traveled to Rome, where he made prints of many Italian paintings. During 1664-1677,\n\nQuestion: Who is Cornelis Bloemaert?", "output": "Cornelis Bloemaert II, was a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Suncorp Group Limited is an Australian finance, insurance, and banking corporation based in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is one of Australia's mid-size banks (by combined lending and deposits) and its largest general insurance group, formed on 1 December 1996 by the merger of Suncorp, Metway Bank and the Queensland Industry Development Corporation (QIDC). History State Government Insurance Office Queensland established the State Accident Insurance Office in 1916, to provide mandatory injury compensation insurance to workers in the state's business sector. New legislation soon after created a larger insurance body, the State Government Insurance Office (SGIO) which took over the State Accident Insurance Office. General insurance, third party and life products were added. SGIO later expanded into building society operations, superannuation, and finance. In 1960, new legislation establishing the SGIO as a separate corporation was passed, and the group became subject to state regulatory oversight. In 1971, the SGIO took another\n\nThatta District (, ) is located in the southern area, locally called Laar, of the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Its capital is Thatta. It is home to a large necropolis of Makli. In 2013, several talukas were separated to form the new Sujawal District. History The capital of three successive native Sindhi dynasties and later ruled by the Mughal. Thatta was the capital of three successive dynasties, the traces of which are evident in the Makli necropolis, which spreads over a twelve square kilometer area. These dynasties are: Samma (1335-1520), Arghun (1520-1555) and Tarkhan (1555-1665). Thatta was constantly embellished from the 14th to the 18th century. The remains of the city and its necropolis provide a unique view of civilization in Sindh. Thatta, about east of Karachi. Thatta also served as capital of Sindh and as a center for Islamic arts. Since the 14th century four Muslim dynasties ruled Sindh\n\nThe American juvenile justice system is the primary system used to handle minors who are convicted of criminal offenses. The system is composed of a federal and many separate state, territorial, and local jurisdictions, with states and the federal government sharing sovereign police power under the common authority of the United States Constitution. The juvenile justice system intervenes in delinquent behavior through police, court, and correctional involvement, with the goal of rehabilitation. Youth and their guardians can face a variety of consequences including probation, community service, youth court, youth incarceration and alternative schooling. The juvenile justice system, similar to the adult system, operates from a belief that intervening early in delinquent behavior will deter adolescents from engaging in criminal behavior as adults. History and background Pre-1900 Juvenile delinquency punishments trace back to the Middle Ages when crimes were severely punished by the Church. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, few\n\nQuestion: Define American juvenile justice system.", "output": "The American juvenile justice system is the primary system used to handle minors who are convicted of criminal offenses."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Chris Eyre (born 1968), an enrolled member of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes, is an American film director and producer who as of 2012 is chairman of the film department at the Santa Fe University of Art and Design. Films In 1998, Chris Eyre worked on two film projects. His first release was Things We Do (1998). His debut film, Smoke Signals (1998), won the Sundance Film Festival Filmmakers Trophy and the Audience Award. It also won \"Best Film\" honors at the 1998 American Indian Film Festival. Eyre's second film, Skins, is the story of two brothers on the Pine Ridge Reservation, a tribal cop and a Vietnam vet battling alcohol and emotional problems. He said at a screening: \"The only thing you get in making period pieces about Indians is guilt. I'm interested in doing what non-Indian filmmakers can't do, which is portray contemporary Indians.\" Eyre has also directed\n\nKarol Dobia\u0161 (born 18 December 1947) is a former Slovak football player and coach. During his career, he was a versatile player, mostly playing as defender or midfielder. Player career He was born in Handlov\u00e1. His career started in Ban\u00edk Handlov\u00e1. In 1965 he moved to Spartak Trnava where he achieved the biggest success as a player. With Spartak he became a five time Czechoslovakian champion and won three national cups. In 1970 and 1971, he was named Czechoslovak Footballer of the Year. In 1977, he moved to Bohemians Prague. During his career he played 345 matches in the Czechoslovak league and scored 20 goals. In 1980, he was allowed to be transferred abroad and he went to KSC Lokeren in Belgium. He ended his career in 1984 at Racing Gand. He was capped 67 times for Czechoslovakia, scored 6 goals. He was a participant at the 1970 FIFA World\n\nFlurbiprofen is a member of the phenylalkanoic acid derivative family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It is primarily indicated as a pre-operative anti-miotic (in an ophthalmic solution) as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain. Side effects are analogous to those of ibuprofen. It was derived from propionic acid by the research arm of Boots UK during the 1960s, a period which also included the discovery of ibuprofen, indometacin, diclofenac, naproxen, ketoprofen, and sulindac. It was patented in 1964 by Boots UK and approved for medical use in 1987. It was approved in the US in 1988; the first generic was approved in 1994. Adverse effects In October 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required the drug label to be updated for all nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications to describe the risk of kidney problems in unborn babies that result in low amniotic fluid. They recommend avoiding NSAIDs in\n\nQuestion: What is Flurbiprofen?", "output": "Flurbiprofen is a member of the phenylalkanoic acid derivative family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Franklin Foer (; born July 20, 1974) is a staff writer at The Atlantic and former editor of The New Republic, commenting on contemporary issues from a liberal perspective. Personal life Foer was born in 1974 in Washington, D.C. to a Jewish family. He is the son of Albert Foer, a lawyer, and Esther Safran Foer, the child of Holocaust survivors from Poland. He is the elder brother of novelist Jonathan Safran Foer and freelance journalist Joshua Foer. He graduated from Columbia University in 1996 and lives in Washington, D.C., with his wife and two daughters. Career Foer has written for Slate and New York magazine. He served as editor of American magazine The New Republic from 2006 until 2010, when he resigned\u2014by his subsequent account, because of exhaustion over an interminable search for a patron who could save the magazine. He returned as editor in 2012. His book How\n\nPhilip Perceval Graves (25 February 1876 \u2013 3 June 1953) was an Anglo-Irish journalist and writer. While working as a foreign correspondent of The Times in Constantinople, he exposed The Protocols of the Elders of Zion as an antisemitic plagiarism, fraud and hoax. Life Early life and education Graves, eldest son of the writer Alfred Perceval Graves (1846\u20131931), was born in Ballylickey, County Cork, Ireland, into a prominent Anglo-Irish family. He studied at Haileybury and Oriel College receiving a bachelor's degree from Oxford University in March 1900. He was the elder half-brother of the authors Robert Graves and Charles Graves. Career As a correspondent of The Times in Constantinople from 1908 to 1914, he reported on the events preceding World War I. In 1914, as a British citizen, he had to leave the Ottoman Empire due to the war. In 1915\u20131919, he served in the British Army in the Middle\n\n\u00c7a\u011fla Kubat (; born 16 November 1978) is a Turkish model, actress and windsurfer who is member of Fenerbah\u00e7e sailing & windsurfing team. She is 5 feet 10 (1.80m) tall. She was born in \u0130zmir. She graduated from Italian High School of Istanbul and Istanbul Technical University with a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering. She was the first runner-up for the Miss Turkey 2002 beauty pageant and represented Turkey at Miss Universe 2002. She speaks English and Italian fluently. Sports \u00c7a\u011fla is also a champion windsurfer, having won the IFCA windsurfing European Slalom Championship in 2005, in Ala\u00e7at\u0131. In 2006, in her first PWA (Professional Windsurfers Association) event, she placed 6th in IFCA Slalom World Championship. She founded her own windsurfing school \"\u00c7a\u011fla Kubat Windsurf Academy\" in Ala\u00e7at\u0131, \u0130zmir Province. She ranked third in the women's category at the 2012 World Slalom Championship in Spain. In 2013, she became champion\n\nQuestion: Who is Philip Graves", "output": "Philip Perceval Graves was an Anglo-Irish journalist and writer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Carlos Chagas Filho (September 10, 1910 \u2013 February 16, 2000) was a Brazilian physician, biologist and scientist active in the field of neuroscience. He was internationally renowned for his investigations on the neural mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of electrogenesis by the electroplaques of electric fishes. He was also an important scientific leader, being one of the founders of the Biophysics Institute of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and was also a president for 16 years of the Vatican's Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (1965\u20131967). Life He was the second son of Carlos Chagas (1879\u20131934), an eminent scientist who is credited with the discovery of Chagas disease. His oldest brother was Evandro Chagas (1905\u20131940), also a physician and scientist specialized, like his father, in tropical medicine. He studied medicine from 1926 to 1931 at the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Brasil\n\nTilbury Riverside railway station is a closed railway station located in the town of Tilbury in the borough and unitary authority of Thurrock in Essex, England, south of a triangular junction on the railway between Tilbury Town and East Tilbury. The station was down the line from London Fenchurch Street station via Rainham. History It was opened on 13 April 1854 as part of the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway, providing an interchange with Port of Tilbury to take advantage of the increasing steamboat traffic in this area of the river Thames. The station was opened as Tilbury, and it became Tilbury Riverside on 3 August 1934. It used to provide an interchange with the Gravesend\u2013Tilbury Ferry. Tilbury engine shed was sited in the triangular junction to the north of Tilbury Riverside station. Most trains from Fenchurch Street via Tilbury Town would reverse at this station and continue to Westcliff\n\nWilfred Kipkemboi Bungei (born 24 July 1980) is a Kenyan retired Middle-distance runner, who won the 800 m gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He also won at the World indoor Championships in Moscow 2006 the 800 metres title, defeating Mbulaeni Mulaudzi and Olympic Champion Yuriy Borzakovskiy in the course of the race. Career Bungei was ranked No.1 in the world over 800 m in 2002 and 2003. He has a personal best of 1:42.34 minutes (Rieti 2002). At the 2001 World Championships in Athletics in Edmonton he won a silver medal over 800 m, finishing behind Andr\u00e9 Bucher. While in school, he focused on sprints and decathlon, before concentrating on 800 metres running. He graduated from Samoei High School in 1998. At the 1998 World Junior Championships in Athletics he won a silver medal. Bungei represented his native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens,\n\nQuestion: What's Carlos Chagas Filho?", "output": "Carlos Chagas Filho was a Brazilian physician, biologist and scientist active in the field of neuroscience."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The were Japanese suicide motorboats developed during World War II. They were part of the wider Japanese Special Attack Units program. History Towards the end of 1943, in response to unfavorable progress in the war, the Japanese high command heard suggestions for various suicide craft. These suggestions were initially rejected as \"defeatist\" but later deemed necessary. For the naval department this meant kamikaze planes, kaiten submarines, fukuryu suicide divers or human mines, and shinyo suicide boats. Characteristics These fast motorboats were driven by one man, to speeds of around . They were typically equipped with a bow-mounted charge of up to of explosives that could be detonated by either impact or from a manual switch in the driver's area. These attack boats also carried two anti-ship rockets mounted on launchers located on either side of the boat behind the driver. The similar Maru-Ni, which were used by the Imperial Japanese\n\nRock for Light is the second full-length album by hardcore punk pioneers Bad Brains, released in 1983. It was produced by Ric Ocasek of The Cars. The 1991 re-issue was remixed by Ocasek and bass player Darryl Jenifer. The re-issued version has some extra tracks, an altered track order, significantly different mixes and, on most tracks, a speed increase of the master which results in a raising of the pitch by one-half step. The album contains a number of re-recorded songs from the band's first album, Bad Brains, as well as a number of new hardcore punk and reggae tracks. The only tracks from Bad Brains that did not get re-recorded for Rock for Light are \"Don't Need It\", \"The Regulator\", \"Jah Calling\", \"Leaving Babylon\", \"Pay to Cum\" and \"I Luv I Jah\". It was the last Bad Brains album to feature only these two styles of music, as the\n\nAbudefduf, also known as the sergeant-majors, is a genus of fish in the family Pomacentridae. The name is from Arabic abu, \"the one with\"; and def, \"side\", and the intensive plural ending -duf. The name thus means \"the one with prominent sides\". General biology The approximately 20 species of Abudefduf may be divided into planktivores and benthivores and three broadly pantropical clades. Two of the Abudefduf clades are primarily benthivorous and a third clade is composed of planktivores and is the most species-rich. Most diversification has occurred in the last 10 million years within this genus across all clades. Species The following 21 species are recognized in the genus Abudefduf: Abudefduf abdominalis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) (Green damselfish) Abudefduf bengalensis (Bloch, 1787) (Bengal sergeant) Abudefduf caudobimaculatus Okada & Ikeda, 1939 (Okinawa sergeant) Abudefduf concolor (T. N. Gill, 1862) Abudefduf conformis J. E. Randall & Earle, 1999 Abudefduf declivifrons (T. N.\n\nQuestion: What's Rock for Light?", "output": "Rock for Light is the second full-length album by hardcore punk pioneers Bad Brains, released in 1983."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Towards Understanding Islam is a book written by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi which gained its author a reputation as a religious teacher and major thinker. This book has been translated into a number of languages. Jamaat-e-Islami claims that it has been translated into 13 languages. One English translation of this book is by Prof Khurshid Ahmad. Under the subtitle Editor's Introduction in November 1979 Prof. Kurshid Ahmad tries to introduce the book: \"Originally written in 1932 in Urdu, under the title Risala-e-Diniyat, the book was intended as a textbook for students of the higher classes and for the general public. It served an important need and became a popular Islamic reader. Most of the schools and colleges of the South Asia adopted it as a textbook in theology and made its study a part of their curricula. It has been translated into many of the world's languages, including: English, Arabic,\n\nGorat's Steak House is a restaurant in Omaha, Nebraska, at 4917 Center Street. It is best known as billionaire Warren Buffett's favorite steakhouse, where he annually holds dinners for the largest investors in his company, Berkshire Hathaway, and entertains business colleagues and CEOs, including Michael Eisner, Bill Gates, and Martha Stewart. Gorat's was founded in 1944 by Louis and Nettie Gorat. It has been one of Omaha's most famous restaurants for the past 60 years. Gorat's is a traditional-style Italian steakhouse which serves pasta dishes, seafood, and chicken, as well as steak. Gene Dunn purchased the restaurant in 2012, and renovated it for a 1950s decor. The house specialty is the T-bone steak, which is favored by Buffett, who orders it cooked rare, with a double order of hash browns and a Cherry Coke. There is dancing and live entertainment on Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays. References External links OmahaWiki Restaurants\n\nfrog (styled as \"frog, part of Capgemini Invent\") is a global creative and design consultancy founded in 1969 by industrial designer Hartmut Esslinger in Mutlangen, Germany, where it was initially named \u201cesslinger design\u201d. Soon after the company moved to Altensteig, Germany, and then opened a new studio in Palo Alto, California, and ultimately to its current headquarters in San Francisco, California. The company has studios in North and Central America, Europe, and Asia. The name was changed to frog design in 1982 (the name originating from an acronym for Esslinger's home country, the Federal Republic of Germany; it was originally styled exclusively in lower-case as an expression of its belief in a democratic place of work, where ideas are openly and freely shared, and in opposition to the capitalization of nouns in German). The brand was once again restyled as frog in 2011 to signify an expanded portfolio of services\n\nQuestion: What is Towards Understanding Islam", "output": "Towards Understanding Islam is a book written by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi which gained its author a reputation as a religious teacher and major thinker."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Batman Returns is a 1992 American superhero film directed by Tim Burton and written by Daniel Waters. Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the sequel to Batman (1989) and the second installment in the 1989\u20131997 Batman series. In the film, the superhero vigilante Batman comes into conflict with wealthy industrialist Max Shreck and deformed crime boss Oswald Cobblepot / The Penguin, who seek power, influence, and respect regardless of the cost to Gotham City. Their plans are complicated by Selina Kyle, Shreck's formerly-meek secretary, who seeks vengeance against Shreck as Catwoman. The cast includes Michael Keaton, Danny DeVito, Michelle Pfeiffer, Christopher Walken, Michael Gough, Pat Hingle, and Michael Murphy. Burton had no interest in making a sequel to the successful Batman, believing that he was creatively restricted by the expectations of Warner Bros. He agreed to return in exchange for significant creative control, including replacing original writer\n\nSybille Bedford, OBE (16 March 1911 \u2013 17 February 2006) was a German-born English writer of non-fiction and semi-autobiographical fiction books. She was a recipient of the Golden PEN Award. Early life She was born as Sybille Aleid Elsa von Schoenebeck in Charlottenburg, west of Berlin in the Kingdom of Prussia, to Maximilian Josef von Schoenebeck (1853\u20131925), a German aristocrat, retired lieutenant colonel and art collector, and his German Jewish wife, Elisabeth Bernhardt (1888\u20131937). Sybille was raised in the Roman Catholic faith of her father at Castle Feldkirch in Baden. She had a half-sister by her father's first marriage to Elisabeth Marchesani, Maximiliane Henriette von Schoenebeck (later Baroness von Dincklage, aka Jacko or Catsy). Her parents divorced in 1918, and she remained with her father, under somewhat impoverished circumstances in the midst of his art and wine collection. He died in 1925, when she was 14 years old, and Sybille\n\nJohnston's Motor Car is an Irish rebel song written by Willie Gillespie based on the commandeering in Ulster of a motor car belonging to Henry Maturin Johnston (1851-1932) by the Irish Republican Army (IRA). History The song is based on a real event in April 1921. An Irish Republican Army unit needed transport to a town over fifty miles away, but had no car to carry them. They decided to call out Henry M. Johnston, a doctor based in Stranorlar, and then ambush him and his car at a bridge and commandeer the car for the IRA. Johnston was sent a telegraph asking him to attend to a Mrs Boyle. On his way there, he found the Reelin Bridge in Glenfin barricaded by the IRA, who forced him to give them his car. In 2019, retired Ballybofey businessman Cathal McHugh claimed to have found what he believes to be the\n\nQuestion: Who was Johnston's Motor Car?", "output": "Johnston's Motor Car is an Irish rebel song written by Willie Gillespie based on the commandeering in Ulster of a motor car belonging to Henry Maturin Johnston by the Irish Republican Army."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Mansions of the Lord\" is a hymn written by Randall Wallace and set to the music of Nick Glennie-Smith. There is a German version called . Performances \"Mansions\" was originally written for the 2002 film We Were Soldiers, and was performed by the United States Military Academy Glee Club and the Metro Voices. The hymn also served as the recessional in the 2004 funeral of President Ronald Reagan. That rendition was sung by the Armed Forces Chorus with the United States Marine Chamber Orchestra. The hymn is featured on the CD of the same name by the Morriston Orpheus Choir from Wales. Lyrics To fallen soldiers let us sing Where no rockets fly nor bullets wing Our broken brothers let us bring To the Mansions of the Lord No more bleeding, no more fight No prayers pleading through the night Just divine embrace, Eternal light In the Mansions of the\n\nAn alphabet is a standardized set of basic written graphemes (called letters) representing phonemes, units of sounds that distinguish words, of certain spoken languages. Not all writing systems represent language in this way; in a syllabary, each character represents a syllable, and logographic systems use characters to represent words, morphemes, or other semantic units. The Egyptians have created the first alphabet in a technical sense. The short uniliteral signs are used to write pronunciation guides for logograms, or a character that represents a word, or morpheme, and later on, being used to write foreign words. This was used up to the 5th century AD. The first fully phonemic script, the Proto-Sinaitic script, which developed into the Phoenician alphabet, is considered to be the first alphabet and is the ancestor of most modern alphabets, abjads, and abugidas, including Arabic, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Latin, and possibly Brahmic. It was created by Semitic-speaking\n\nMarkham Fair is one of Canada's oldest country fairs, an annual event established in 1844. It is located in Markham, Ontario and hosted by the Markham and East York Agricultural Society. With over 700 volunteers working on more than 70 committees, Markham Fair is the largest community-based volunteer organization in Canada. The fair and fairgrounds are owned by the agricultural society. The fair occurs annually on the weekend before Thanksgiving, and is attended by upwards of 80,000 people annually. Approximately 3,000 exhibitors enter more than 12,000 items, which are judged and put on display during the fair. Promoting excellence through competition in this way makes fairs unique in comparison to other events. Agricultural societies used to meet on a regular basis to discuss various concepts of agricultural improvement such as livestock development and increased grain yields. Often the society would collectively purchase a bull or seed grain, which would be\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Mansions of the Lord is.", "output": "\"Mansions of the Lord\" is a hymn written by Randall Wallace and set to the music of Nick Glennie-Smith."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nothing Less Than Brilliant is a compilation album by the British singer Sandie Shaw. Released in 1994 by Virgin Records, it contains several new recordings of her hit singles from the 1960s as well as some in their original forms. It also featured some songs recorded in the 1980s. The album spent one week in November 1994 in the UK Albums Chart at number 64. Track listing \"Always Something There To Remind Me\" \"Long Live Love\" \"Girl Don't Come\" \"Message Understood\" \"Nothing Less Than Brilliant\" \"Hand in Glove\" \"Are You Ready To Be Heartbroken\" \"A Girl Called Johnny\" \"I'll Stop At Nothing\" \"Heaven Knows I'm Missing Him Now\" \"You've Not Changed\" \"Monsieur Dupont\" \"I Don't Owe You Anything\" \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" \"Comrade in Arms\" \"Hello Angel\" \"Strange Bedfellows\" \"Words\" \"Ev'rytime We Say Goodbye\" \"Your Time Is Gonna Come\" \"Frederick\" \"Please Help The Cause Against Loneliness\" \"Tomorrow\" \"Nothing Comes\n\nRAF Rudloe Manor, formerly RAF Box, was a Royal Air Force station north-east of Bath, England, between the settlements of Box and Corsham, in Wiltshire. It was one of several military installations in the area and covered three dispersed sites. Parts of the site are now used by Defence Digital within the MoD Corsham complex; other areas are vacant and some have been sold, including the 17th-century manor house, Rudloe Manor. Second World War The station was established on top of quarries from which Bath stone had been extracted. In the 1930s some of the tunnels had been converted for use as a Central Ammunition Depot. The vast caverns had some of space, divided into many smaller chambers. During the Second World War, the Operations Centre of No. 10 Group RAF was housed there in three buildings (Operations Room, Filter Room and Communications Centre), which were partially buried for protection,\n\n, formerly known as , is a Japanese manga magazine published by Kodansha. It was originally conceived as a , or companion magazine, to Sh\u014djo Friend, which is no longer published. Bessatsu Friend is commonly known by the abbreviated name and is published on the 13th of each month. The magazine originally featured manga focused on romance; however, with the start of publications by manga artists like Keiko Suenobu, it began publishing such that moved away from that main focus. publishes manga by many well known manga artists, such as Miwa Ueda, Satomi Ikezawa, Ayu Watanabe, Fuyumi Soryo, Nanba Atsuko, and Keiko Suenobu. In October 2005, a manga serialized in Bessatsu Friend titled Flower of Eden was pulled from publication and recalled by both Kodansha and North American publisher Tokyopop, after it was revealed that the manga artist, Yuki Suetsugu, had copied art directly from Slam Dunk and Real by\n\nQuestion: What is Bessatsu Friend", "output": ", formerly known as , is a Japanese  manga magazine published by Kodansha."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "K\u0131r\u0131khan is a municipality and district of Hatay Province, Turkey. Its area is 715 km2, and its population is 121,028 (2022). The name K\u0131r\u0131khan means \"broken inn\" in the Turkish language, perhaps a reference to one of the many lodgings that once lined the road. The town stands at the intersection of the route between \u0130skenderun and Aleppo, and the major north-south road between Antakya and Kahramanmara\u015f. The town was once part of the district of Belen, but became a district in its own right in 1923 at the time of the French Mandate. K\u0131r\u0131khan was annexed to Turkey in 1939 with the rest of Hatay. Its average summer temperature is 32.3 \u00b0C, and its average winter temperature is 7.3 \u00b0C. The district\u2019s major religious and touristic site is the Beyazid-i Bestami K\u00fclliyesi (Complex) on Darb-\u0131 Sak Castle at Alabeyli village, which contains the tomb or maqam of Bayazid Bastami.\n\nCaryocar (souari trees) is a genus of flowering plants, in the South American family Caryocaraceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1771. It is native primarily to South America with a few species extending into Central America and the West Indies. Caryocar consists of trees that yield a strong timber. Some of the species within the genus Caryocar have edible fruits, called souari-nuts or sawarri-nuts. The most well-known species is probably the Pekea-nut (C. nuciferum). In Brazil the Pequi (C. brasiliense) is most popular; it has a variety of uses, not the least among them being the production of pequi oil. Furthermore, some species are used by indigenous peoples to produce poisons for hunting. Species Caryocar amygdaliferum Mutis - Colombia, Panama Caryocar amygdaliforme G.Don - Ecuador, N Peru Caryocar brasiliense A.St.-Hil. - Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. - N Brazil Caryocar costaricense Donn.Sm. - Costa Rica Caryocar cuneatum\n\nJoseph Elliott Belmont (July 12, 1934 \u2013 January 6, 2019) was an American basketball player and coach. He played college basketball at Duke University, and was selected in the 1956 NBA Draft by the Philadelphia Warriors. He never played in the NBA, however. He had a long playing career with the Denver-Chicago Truckers of the National Industrial Basketball League. In 1970, he was hired as the head coach of the American Basketball Association's Denver Rockets, a position he held for as season and a half. He shared ABA Coach of the Year honors in 1970 with Bill Sharman of the Utah Stars. In 2005 Belmont was inducted into the Colorado Sports Hall of Fame. Personal life In 1959 Belmont married Helen Sanquist and then had 2 kids. He died on January 6, 2019. Coaching career ABA |- | align=\"left\" |DEN | align=\"left\" | 1969\u201370 |56||42||14||.750|| align=\"center\" |1st in Western||12||5||7||.000 |\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Joe Belmont is.", "output": "Joseph Elliott Belmont was an American basketball player and coach."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Weldon Brinton Heyburn (May 23, 1852October 17, 1912) was an American attorney and politician who served as a United States Senator from Idaho from 1903 to 1912. Early life Born in southeastern Pennsylvania near Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania, Heyburn's parents were Quakers of English He attended the public schools there, including the Maplewood Institute in Concordville and the University of Pennsylvania. His brother, William Heyburn (1861\u20131939), eventually moved west to Louisville, Kentucky, where he became a leading citizen and president of Belknap Hardware and Manufacturing Company. Career Heyburn studied law under Edward A. Price and was admitted to the bar in 1876 and commenced practice in Media, Pennsylvania,. With the mining boom in Colorado, he moved west to Leadville, where he practiced law for several years. In 1883, Heyburn moved to the Silver Valley of northern Idaho and continued the practice of law in Wallace in Shoshone County. Heyburn was a\n\nErnest Tomlinson MBE (19 September 1924 \u2013 12 June 2015) was an English composer, particularly noted for his light music compositions. He was sometimes credited as 'Alan Perry'. Tomlinson wrote over 100 pieces of library music, thirteen orchestral suites, symphonic works (including symphonic jazz) and music for brass band. Life and career Tomlinson was born in Rawtenstall, Lancashire, England, into a musical family, one of four children to Fred Tomlinson Sr and May Tomlinson (n\u00e9e Culpan). His younger brother, Fred Tomlinson, also a musician, founded The Fred Tomlinson Singers and performed the music for Monty Python's Flying Circus. At the age of nine he became a chorister at Manchester Cathedral, where he was eventually appointed as Head Boy in 1939. He later attended Bacup and Rawtenstall Grammar School and at sixteen won a scholarship to Manchester University and the Royal Manchester College of Music. He spent the next two years\n\nArchbishop Riordan High School is a diocesan, co-ed Catholic high school established by the Society of Mary in San Francisco, California. It is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco. It opened in fall 1949 as Riordan High School, named after Archbishop Patrick William Riordan, the second Archbishop of San Francisco; \"Archbishop\" was officially added to its name in 1990. Riordan was the oldest exclusively male high school in San Francisco. In January 2020, the school announced that it will become coeducational in the fall. The Marianists The Marianist Organization has remained a guiding force throughout Riordan's existence and follows several specific \"Characteristics of Education in the Marianist Tradition\": Educate for formation in faith Provide an integral, quality education Educate in family spirit Educate for service, justice and peace Educate for adaptation & change Academics Archbishop Riordan High School offers a variety of Honors and Advanced Placement courses.\n\nQuestion: What's Archbishop Riordan High School?", "output": "Archbishop Riordan High School is a diocesan, co-ed Catholic high school established by the Society of Mary in San Francisco, California."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The left wing lock is a defensive ice hockey strategy similar to the neutral zone trap. In the most basic form, once puck possession changes, the left wing moves back in line with the defencemen. Each defender (including the left winger) plays a zone defence and is responsible for a third of the ice each. Since there are normally only two defencemen, this tactic helps to avoid odd man rushes. With the reinforced defensive line, the centre and right wing forecheck aggressively. Often the forecheckers will try to drive the puck over to the opponent's right wing. Under coach Scotty Bowman, the Detroit Red Wings began using \"the lock\" heavily during the 1994-95 NHL season, earning the Presidents' Trophy for the league's best record during the regular season. The following season Detroit was even more dominant, finishing one point short of the NHL record for most points in a season\n\nDamian Jacques Jackson (born August 16, 1973) is an American former major league second baseman who played 11 seasons for nine Major League Baseball (MLB) teams. He batted and threw right-handed. Early life Jackson grew up in Los Angeles, but moved to Northern California when he was in high school. Jackson transferred to Ygnacio Valley High School in Concord, California, when he was a junior. Jackson only played one year of high school baseball, his senior year. He decided to try out for baseball on a whim the first day of baseball, when he saw a friend walking to practice. That season, Jackson caught the eye of pro scouts because of his blazing speed and potent bat. Major league career Jackson was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the 44th round of the 1991 draft. He did not play a full season until he joined the San Diego Padres in\n\nWilliam Frederick Schelter (1947 \u2013 July 30, 2001) was a professor of mathematics at The University of Texas at Austin and a Lisp developer and programmer. Schelter is credited with the development of the GNU Common Lisp (GCL) implementation of Common Lisp and the GPL'd version of the computer algebra system Macsyma called Maxima. Schelter authored Austin Kyoto Common Lisp (AKCL) under contract with IBM. AKCL formed the foundation for Axiom, another computer algebra system. AKCL eventually became GNU Common Lisp. He is also credited with the first port of the GNU C compiler to the Intel 386 architecture, used in the original implementation of the Linux kernel. Schelter obtained his Ph.D. at McGill University in 1972. His mathematical specialties were noncommutative ring theory and computational algebra and its applications, including automated theorem proving in geometry. In the summer of 2001, age 54, he died suddenly of a heart attack\n\nQuestion: Who is Damian Jackson", "output": "Damian Jacques Jackson is an American former major league second baseman who played 11 seasons for nine Major League Baseball teams."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Leopold Museum, housed in the Museumsquartier in Vienna, Austria, is home to one of the largest collections of modern Austrian art, featuring artists such as Egon Schiele, Gustav Klimt, Oskar Kokoschka, and Richard Gerstl. It contains the world's largest Egon Schiele Collection. The more than 5,000 exhibits collected by Elisabeth and Rudolf Leopold over five decades were consolidated in 1994 with the assistance of the Republic of Austria and the National Bank of Austria into the Leopold Museum Private Foundation. In 2001 the Leopold Museum was opened. The core of the collection consists of Austrian art of the first half of the 20th century, including key paintings and drawings by Egon Schiele and Gustav Klimt, showing the gradual transformation from the Wiener Secession, the Art Nouveau/Jugendstil movement in Austria to Expressionism. The historical context is illustrated by major Austrian works of art from the 19th and 20th centuries. Controversy\n\nWindow Rock Unified School District (WRUSD) is a school district within Apache County, Arizona, United States. The district comprises seven schools within a 65-mile radius. WRUSD serves several unincorporated areas, including Fort Defiance, Oak Springs, St. Michaels, Window Rock, and most of Sawmill. Schools Window Rock Elementary School Sawmill Primary Learning Center Tse Ho Tso Primary Learning Center Tse Ho Tso Intermediate Learning Center Tse Ho Tso Middle School Ts\u00e9hootsoo\u00ed Din\u00e9 Bi\u02bc\u00f3lta\u02bc The Navajo Nation operates Ts\u00e9hootsoo\u00ed Din\u00e9 Bi'\u00d3lta', a Navajo language immersion school for grades K\u20138 in Fort Defiance, Arizona. Located on the Arizona-New Mexico border in the southeastern quarter of the Navajo Reservation, the school strives to revitalize Navajo among children of the Window Rock Unified School District. Ts\u00e9hootsoo\u00ed Din\u00e9 Bi'\u00f3lta' has thirteen Navajo language teachers who instruct only in the Navajo language, and no English, while five English language teachers instruct in the English language. Kindergarten and\n\nis an area within Shibuya ward, one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo. Introduction Sendagaya is nestled in an urban green area in Shibuya ward between Shinjuku ward and Shinjuku Gyo-en (Shinjuku Imperial Gardens) to the north (an area in Sendagaya, 6-ch\u014dme, is actually located within the gardens). The National Stadium, also known as Olympic Stadium, Tokyo is located immediately to the east, bordering Sendagaya 2-chome. Meiji Shrine and Yoyogi Station are found to the west. Jingumae and Harajuku are directly south. Many important cultural and sporting venues are located in and around Sendagaya. Sendagaya is a mix of old, new, and incredibly futuristic designs. From Sendagaya Station, the main station in Sendagaya, bustling Shinjuku is a tranquil 10-minute walk away along the Imperial Gardens' western wall. Sendagaya Entrance to the gardens is 2 minutes away from Sendagaya Station. Sendagaya, particularly 3-ch\u014dme, is home to dozens of clothing and\n\nQuestion: What is Sendagaya?", "output": "is an area within Shibuya ward, one of the 23 special wards of Tokyo."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Albert Gallatin Porter (April 20, 1824 \u2013 May 3, 1897) was an American politician who served as the 19th governor of Indiana from 1881 to 1885 and as a United States Congressman from 1859 to 1863. Originally a Democrat, he joined the Republican Party in 1856 after being expelled by the pro-slavery faction of the Democratic Party. Only the second person born in Indiana to become the state's governor, he reluctantly accepted his party's nomination to run. His term saw the start of Indiana's industrialization that continued for several decades. During the second half of his term a strong Democratic majority took control of the Indiana General Assembly and revoked all of the governor's appointment powers and other authorities, weakening the governors position to its lowest state in the history of the state. Early life Family and background Albert G. Porter was born on April 20, 1824, in Lawrenceburg, Indiana,\n\nThe spotted wood quail (Odontophorus guttatus) is a small ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family. It is a resident breeder in the mountains of Central America from southern Mexico to western Panama. It occurs in highlands from 1000 m or higher up to the timberline, usually in dense understory thickets or bamboos. The nest, as with several other wood-quails remains undescribed, but the eggs are known to be creamy-white with brown spots. The spotted wood quail is 25 cm long and weighs 300 g. It has an orange crest which is raised when it is excited. The upperparts are dark brown with black and rufous flecking. The underparts are normally olive brown, but there is a colour morph with rufous underparts. In both cases, the underparts are boldly spotted with white. The forehead is dark brown and the cheeks and throat are black streaked with white. The sexes\n\nBelizean Creoles, also known as Kriols, are a Creole ethnic group native to Belize. Belizean Creoles are primarily mixed-raced descendants of enslaved West and Central Africans who were brought to the British Honduras (present-day Belize along the Bay of Honduras) as well as the English and Scottish log cutters, known as the Baymen who trafficked them. Over the years they have also intermarried with Miskito from Nicaragua, Jamaicans and other Caribbean people, Mestizos, Europeans, Garifunas, Mayas, and Chinese and Indians. The latter were brought to Belize as indentured laborers. Majority of Kriols trace their ancestry to several of the aforementioned groups. The Belize Kriol language, developed initially by interaction among the Africans and Europeans, was historically spoken only by them. The Creoles constituted the majority of the population until the 1980s and became synonymous with the Belizean national identity. In the 21st century, Creoles are found predominantly in urban areas,\n\nQuestion: Define Spotted wood quail.", "output": "The spotted wood quail is a small ground-dwelling bird in the New World quail family."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Business marketing is a marketing practice of individuals or organizations (including commercial businesses, governments, and institutions). It allows them to sell products or services to other companies or organizations that resell them, use them in their products or services, or use them to support their works. It is a way to promote business and improve profit too. Marketing can be broken down into many sections such as business-to-business marketing, business-to-consumer marketing, as well as business-to-developer marketing. However, business marketing is typically associated with business-to-business marketing. Origins The practice of a purveyor of goods trading with another may be as old as commerce itself. In relation to marketing today, its history is more recent. Michael Morris, Leyland Pitt, and Earl Dwight Honeycutt say that for several years business marketing took \"a back seat\" to consumer marketing. This entailed providers of goods or services selling directly to households through mass media and\n\nRedlands United Football Club is an association football club based in Cleveland, Brisbane, Queensland. The club, formed in 1918, is one of the oldest soccer clubs in Queensland. It re-entered the top tier, Brisbane Premier League (BPL), in 2010 after merging with former Queensland State League (QSL) side Redland City Devils. In 2013 Redlands United gained a five-year licence for the new National Premier Leagues (NPL) competition which was renewed in 2018. History Redlands started the 2010 season relatively well, including a 7\u20130 thumping of Brisbane City at Spencer Park. However, due to a number of injuries the team struggled with consistency and found themselves in a relegation battle. The club, improved their form by end of the season and they finished well clear of danger in 8th place of the Brisbane Premier League. Redlands were tipped by many to be one of the stronger sides in the 2011 Brisbane\n\nNab\u012bl or Nabeel () is a male given name of Arabic origin, meaning \"noble\". The feminine version is Nabila, Nabeela, Nabilah, Nabeela or Nabeelah. The name Nabil has a similar meaning to the English given name Patrick. People named Nabeel Given name Nabeel Abbas (born 1986), Iraqi footballer Nabeel Jabbour, author, lecturer, and expert on Muslim culture Nabeel Kassis (born 1945), Palestinian academic and politician Nabeel Qureshi (author) (active from 2009), American Christian apologist Nabeel Qureshi (director) (born 1985), Pakistani film director Nabeel Rajab (born 1964), Bahraini human rights and opposition activist Nabeel Saleh Mubarak, Bahraini modern pentathlete Nabeel Shaukat Ali (born 1989), Pakistani singer Nabeel Yasin (born 1950), Iraqi poet, journalist and political activist Middle name Muhammad Nabil Al Khatib, Syrian politician Family name Dada Nabeel (born 1989), Indian football player Nasser Nabeel (born 1990), Qatari footballer People named Nabil Honorific Nab\u00edl-i-Akbar (1829\u20131892), one of the 19 Apostles of\n\nQuestion: What's Redlands United FC?", "output": "Redlands United Football Club is an association football club based in Cleveland, Brisbane, Queensland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ultimate Manilow is a compilation of the greatest hits of Barry Manilow. Nearly every top 20 hit is included in this collection. This compilation is best known for setting the stage for a comeback for Manilow, as it debuted at No. 3 on the charts. While on a six-week tour to promote his latest album Here at the Mayflower, Manilow immediately extended it to a six-month tour. At the time Ultimate Manilow was released, no other compilations of Manilow's music were in print. Ultimate Manilow, with a slightly different track listing (but with the same number of tracks), was also issued in the United Kingdom in 2004, charting first in March of that year. Track listing Track information and credits for the US version were verified from the album's liner notes. Additional track information and credits for the UK, Australian and Japan versions were adapted from Discogs, AllMusic. and Manilow's\n\nMaria Amalia (Maria Amalia Josepha Johanna Antonia; 26 February 1746 \u2013 18 June 1804) was duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla by marriage to Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma. She was born an archduchess of Austria as the daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I. Early life Maria Amalia, known as Am\u00e9lie, was born on 26 February 1746, in the Hofburg in Vienna, Austria, as the eighth child of Maria Theresa, ruler of the Habsburg monarchy, and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. She grew up in and near Vienna, in the Hofburg during the winters, and Sch\u00f6nrbunn Palace and Laxenburg castles during the summer. Education The sixteen children of Maria Theresa were raised in same-sex groups of two based on age, but as Maria Amalia was born between two boys, she grew up almost as an only child. She was raised to be the ideal consort and taught\n\nFossanova Abbey, earlier Fossa Nuova, is a church that was formerly a Cistercian abbey located near the railway station of Priverno in Latina, Italy, about south-east of Rome. History Fossanova is one of the finest examples of early Burgundian Gothic architecture in Italy, dating to around 1135. Consecrated in 1208 by monks of its motherhouse of Hautecombe, it retains the bare architecture, the magnificent rose window and finely carved capitals, reflecting the prominent role within the area. In July 1198 Eugenius, the master chamberlain of Apulia and Terra di Lavoro, was ordered by Constance and her son to transfer a land property from the imperial ownership to the Abbey of Fossanova. The property was located near Aversa and its extension was calculated by John Bassus, chamberlain of the Terra di Lavoro. A monk of Fossanova compiled the Annales Ceccanenses down to 1218. Another historical source for the same temporal extension\n\nQuestion: What's Ultimate Manilow?", "output": "Ultimate Manilow is a compilation of the greatest hits of Barry Manilow."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "is a puzzle video game developed by Alexey Pajitnov and Vladimir Pokhilko of ParaGraph Intl. for Bullet-Proof Software. An arcade version was manufactured by Video System. Gameplay Hatris plays similarly to Pajitnov's previous Tetris, in that game objects falling from the top of the screen must be arranged in specific patterns to gain points and to keep the play area clear. In Hatris, hats of different styles fall from the top of the screen and accumulate at the bottom. To eliminate hats from the play area, five hats of identical style must be stacked. Different style hats stack differently. Reception In Japan, Game Machine listed the arcade version of Hatris on their June 1, 1990 issue as being the eighteenth most-successful table arcade unit of the month. Entertainment Weekly gave the Game Boy version of Hatris an A and wrote that \"There is, after all, a cure for Tetris addiction.\n\nMassimo Marazzina (; born 16 July 1974) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a striker. Marazzina is currently the head coach and director of soccer for Sarasota Metropolis FC in USL League Two. Club career Early years Marazzina was born in Pandino, a city near Lodi in the Province of Cremona. He finished his football formation at F.C. Internazionale Milano, and made his Serie A debut on 27 February 1994, in a 0\u20132 away loss against A.C. Torino. Subsequently, Marazzina moved to fellow first divisioner U.S. Foggia, suffering relegation in his first year, and played with the Apulia club one further season. Chievo In 1996, Marazzina signed for A.C. Chievo Verona. In the 1999\u20132000 season, he scored sixteen goals for the Serie B club, one-third of the team's total. Noting his performances, first division team Reggina Calcio signed him in co-ownership deal; in the opening day of\n\nFinis Jennings Dake (October 18, 1902 \u2013 July 7, 1987) was an American Pentecostal minister and evangelist born in Miller County, Missouri, known primarily for his writings on the subjects of Pentecostal (or Charismatic) Evangelical Christian spirituality and Premillennial Dispensationalism. His most well known work was the Dake Annotated Reference Bible. Christian conversion Dake became a Christian at age 17. Dake claimed that upon his conversion he received a 'special anointing' which allowed him to quote major portions of Scripture from memory. He preached his first sermon in 1925 and was ordained by the Assemblies of God denomination two years later. After working as a pastor and evangelist in Texas and Oklahoma, he moved to Zion, Illinois, in order to become the pastor of the Christian Assembly Church. In Zion, he also founded Shiloh Bible Institute, which ultimately merged with Central Bible Institute and which was located in the home\n\nQuestion: What is Finis Jennings Dake?", "output": "Finis Jennings Dake was an American Pentecostal minister and evangelist born in Miller County, Missouri, known primarily for his writings on the subjects of Pentecostal Evangelical Christian spirituality and Premillennial Dispensationalism."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Morris Cowley was a name given to various cars produced by Morris from 1915 to 1958. Morris Cowley Bullnose (1915) The Continental Cowley, shown to the press in April 1915, was a larger engined (1495 cc against 1018 cc), longer, wider and better-equipped version of the first Morris Oxford with the same \"Bullnose\" radiator; in addition it could carry a four-passenger body. To reduce the price, many components were bought from United States suppliers. The 1495 cc, side-valve, four-cylinder engine was made by Continental Motor Manufacturing Company of Detroit, and the clutch and three-speed gearbox by Detroit Gear & Machine Co. Back axle, front axle and steering gear also came from the USA. Supply of these components was badly affected by the First World War. The suspension used semi-elliptic leaf springs at the front and three-quarter-elliptics at the rear. The central position of the handbrake and ball-change gear lever revealed\n\nPhilip Carr-Gomm (born 31 January 1955) is an author in the fields of psychology and Druidry, a psychologist, and one of the leaders and former Chosen Chief of The Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids. Early life and education Philip Carr-Gomm was born in London, raised in Notting Hill Gate, and educated at Westminster School and University College London. His father was Francis Eardley Carr-Gomm, brother of humanitarian Richard Carr-Gomm. He met his first spiritual teacher, Ross Nichols, the founder of The Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids, when he was 11. He began studying with him when a teenager, and joined the Order when he was 18. He studied meditation with Olivia Robertson in Ireland, who later founded the Fellowship of Isis, and in his twenties he founded The Esoteric Society in London, which organised journeys for members to Bulgaria and Egypt, and hosted talks by well-known authors such\n\nCharles Lee Underhill (July 20, 1867 \u2013 January 28, 1946) was a United States representative and anti-suffrage activist from Massachusetts. He was born in Richmond, Virginia on July 20, 1867. He moved to Massachusetts in 1872 with his parents, who settled in Somerville. He attended the common schools, was office boy, coal teamster, and a blacksmith. He subsequently engaged in the manufacture and sale of hardware in that city. Underhill served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1902-1903 and 1908-1913), and was a member of the State constitutional convention in 1917 and 1918. Underhill was opposed to women voting. He was a state delegate of the Men's Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage to Washington DC in 1913. He was elected as a Republican to the Sixty-seventh and to the five succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1921 \u2013 March 3, 1933). He was chairman of Committee on Claims (Sixty-ninth and Seventieth Congresses)\n\nQuestion: Who is Philip Carr-Gomm", "output": "Philip Carr-Gomm is an author in the fields of psychology and Druidry, a psychologist, and one of the leaders and former Chosen Chief of The Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A chordate ( ) is a deuterostomic animal belonging to the phylum Chordata ( ). All chordates possess, at some point during their larval or adult stages, five distinctive physical characteristics (synapomorphies) that distinguish them from other taxa. These five synapomorphies are a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, an endostyle or thyroid, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail. The name \"chordate\" comes from the first of these synapomorphies, the notochord, which plays a significant role in chordate body plan structuring and movements. Chordates are also bilaterally symmetric, have a coelom, possess an enclosed circulatory system, and exhibit metameric segmentation. In addition to the morphological characteristics used to define chordates, analysis of genome sequences has identified two conserved signature indels (CSIs) in their proteins: cyclophilin-like protein and inner mitochondrial membrane protease ATP23, which are exclusively shared by all vertebrates, tunicates and cephalochordates. These CSIs provide molecular means to reliably distinguish\n\nCromer Ridge is a ridge of old glacial moraines (terminal moraine) that stands next to the coast adjacent to Cromer, Norfolk, England. Cromer Ridge seems to have been the front line of the ice sheet for some time at the last glaciation, which is shown by the large size of the feature. All the material that was dredged up from the North Sea was poured out of the glaciers to form a ridge. Located on the North Norfolk coast, Cromer Ridge is among the highest land of East Anglia reaching , and is long. It is characterised by its irregular, undulating, intimate and well-wooded topography and by substantial areas of heather in the west. Small, enclosed arable fields, hedgebanks, sunken lanes and sparse settlement are also characteristic features of the ridge. The crumbling cliffs at the coast are of glacial sands and gravels with some chalk exposures. Cromer Ridge was\n\nThe Conquest of Space is a 1949 speculative science book written by Willy Ley and illustrated by Chesley Bonestell. The book contains a portfolio of paintings by Bonestell depicting the possible future exploration of the Solar System, with explanatory text by Ley. Most of the 58 illustrations by Bonestell in Conquest, were previously published in color, in popular magazines. Influences on fiction Some of Bonestell's designs inspired the look of George Pal's 1955 science fiction movie Conquest of Space, which also takes its title from the book, but uses it as a framework on which to hang a melodramatic plot. Bonestell's illustrations of the Moon in The Conquest of Space were used by Herg\u00e9 as a basis for his illustrations of the lunar surface in his 1952\u201353 The Adventures of Tintin comic, Explorers on the Moon. Arthur C. Clarke was also an admirer of The Conquest of Space; in his\n\nQuestion: Define Cromer Ridge.", "output": "Cromer Ridge is a ridge of old glacial moraines that stands next to the coast adjacent to Cromer, Norfolk, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The medial meniscus is a fibrocartilage semicircular band that spans the knee joint medially, located between the medial condyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia. It is also referred to as the internal semilunar fibrocartilage. The medial meniscus has more of a crescent shape while the lateral meniscus is more circular. The anterior aspects of both menisci are connected by the transverse ligament. It is a common site of injury, especially if the knee is twisted. Structure The meniscus attaches to the tibia via coronary ligaments. Its anterior end, thin and pointed, is attached to the anterior intercondyloid fossa of the tibia, in front of the anterior cruciate ligament; Its posterior end is fixed to the posterior intercondyloid fossa of the tibia, between the attachments of the lateral meniscus and the posterior cruciate ligament. It is fused with the tibial collateral ligament which makes it far\n\nBrain mapping is a set of neuroscience techniques predicated on the mapping of (biological) quantities or properties onto spatial representations of the (human or non-human) brain resulting in maps. According to the definition established in 2013 by Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics (SBMT), brain mapping is specifically defined, in summary, as the study of the anatomy and function of the brain and spinal cord through the use of imaging, immunohistochemistry, molecular & optogenetics, stem cell and cellular biology, engineering, neurophysiology and nanotechnology. Overview All neuroimaging is considered part of brain mapping. Brain mapping can be conceived as a higher form of neuroimaging, producing brain images supplemented by the result of additional (imaging or non-imaging) data processing or analysis, such as maps projecting (measures of) behavior onto brain regions (see fMRI). One such map, called a connectogram, depicts cortical regions around a circle, organized by lobes. Concentric circles within the\n\nLarry Mann (born Lawrence Harold Zuckerman; April 3, 1924 \u2013 September 14, 1952) was an American stock car driver born in Yonkers, New York. Mann was the first driver to be killed in a NASCAR Grand National race; he died from a pulmonary hemorrhage caused by a crash at Langhorne Speedway. NASCAR career He participated in six races in the 1952 season. Overall, after his appearance in the 9th race of the season, Mann began racing more commonly after the 19th race, appearing in every other event; his best finish (11th) came at Monroe County Fairgrounds in Rochester, New York. Death Mann was killed during the 27th race of the 1952 season, which took place in Langhorne, Pennsylvania. On the 211th lap, he crashed through a fence at the track, thereby flipping his Hudson Hornet. After being rushed to Nazareth Hospital in nearby Philadelphia, he died in the evening of\n\nQuestion: Who is Larry Mann?", "output": "Larry Mann was an American stock car driver born in Yonkers, New York."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "NBA Friday is a weekly presentation of National Basketball Association games on ESPN. Formerly known as NBA Friday Coast to Coast during doubleheader nights, the program starts the first Friday of the NBA season, and typically runs uninterrupted throughout the entire season. In 2006, NBA Friday was preempted from March 10 to March 31, due to ESPN deciding against counter programming the NCAA Tournament. Nearly all NBA Friday telecasts consist of a doubleheader, with one game typically from the east coast at 7:30 p.m and the west coast at 10:00 p.m. The KIA NBA Shootaround Pregame Show, the Toyota Halftime Show, and the Target Postgame Show are the studio shows that occur before, during, and after the NBA Friday Games. NBA Friday on ESPN is not exclusive; local sports networks may still air the game in their market. In that case, the ESPN broadcast on these markets is subject to\n\nMichael William DiFelice (; born May 28, 1969) is an American former Major League Baseball journeyman catcher. He is a graduate from the University of Tennessee, and was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 11th round of the 1991 Major League Baseball draft. He made his major league debut in with the Cards. On April 17, 1997, he recorded his first stolen base with a steal of home against pitcher Kevin Brown who threw a wild pitchout. DiFelice was chosen by the Tampa Bay Devil Rays with the 20th selection of the 1997 MLB Expansion Draft. On July 25, , he was traded with Albie Lopez to the Arizona Diamondbacks for Jason Conti and Nick Bierbrodt. His time in Arizona was short and tumultuous. In a game against the Pittsburgh Pirates on August 14, DiFelice got into a fight with Kevin Young at home plate. He was suspended\n\nThe Valvatida are an order of starfish in the class Asteroidea, which contains 695 species in 172 genera in 17 families. Description The order encompasses both tiny species, which are only a few millimetres in diameter, like those in the genus Asterina, and species which can reach up to 75 cm, such as species in the genus Thromidia. Almost all species in this order have five arms with tube feet. This order is primarily identified by the presence of conspicuous marginal ossicles, which characterize most of the species. Most members of this order have five arms and two rows of tube feet with suckers. Some species have paxillae and in some, the main pedicellariae are clamp-like and recessed into the skeletal plates. This group includes the cushion star, and the leather star. Families According to the World Register of Marine Species, the following families are included in Valvatida: family Acanthasteridae\n\nQuestion: Define ESPN NBA Friday.", "output": "NBA Friday is a weekly presentation of National Basketball Association games on ESPN."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "K-Minus Initiative is the title of the first album by nerdcore (or \"geeksta rap\") band Commodore 64. It was released in 1999 (see 1999 in music). As their first (and their only) full-length nerdcore/geeksta rap record to be commercially released (so far), and it had sold over 130,000 copies in its first three months of release. Their sound and beats have been linked to that of the early Beastie Boys. Track listing \"Pep Assembly\" \u2013 1:55 \"K-Minus\" \u2013 2:34 \"Sissy MCs\" \u2013 2:42 \"Health Maintenance Organization\" \u2013 4:52 \"Proof of the Riemann Mapping Theorem\" \u2013 0:39 \"Horton Hears a Ho (featuring Saqi4Neeq)\" \u2013 3:57 \"Animal Crackers\" \u2013 2:20 \"Even Do Music!\" \u2013 0:32 \"It's Time for Food (Rhymes)\" \u2013 3:50 \"Fruit Salad\" \u2013 3:06 \"Dutch\" \u2013 1:55 \"Putney Swipe (featuring Prozac)\" \u2013 3:27 \"Straight Outta CompUSA\" \u2013 2:19 \"Foam\" \u2013 2:44 \"Poop Assembly\" \u2013 0:53 Personnel Smart Money \"Bass-I.Q.\": vocals,\n\nToonTalk is a computer programming system intended to be programmed by children. The \"Toon\" part stands for cartoon. The system's presentation is in the form of animated characters, including robots that can be trained by example. It is one of the few successful implementations outside academia of the concurrent constraint logic programming paradigm. It was created by Kenneth M. Kahn in 1995, and implemented as part of the ToonTalk IDE, a software package distributed worldwide between 1996 and 2009. Since 2009, its specification is scholarly published and its implementation is freely available. Beginning 2014 a JavaScript HTML5 version of ToonTalk called ToonTalk Reborn for the Web has been available. It runs on any modern web browser and differs from the desktop version of ToonTalk in a few ways. ToonTalk programs can run on any DOM element and various browser capabilities (audio, video, style sheets, speech input and output, and browser\n\nOakland City Center is an office, shopping and hotel complex in Downtown Oakland, Oakland, California. The complex is the product of a redevelopment project begun in the late 1950s. It covers twelve city blocks between Broadway on the east, Martin Luther King Jr. Way on the west, Frank H. Ogawa Plaza on 14th Street on the north side of the complex and the Oakland Convention Center and Marriott Hotel extend south to 10th Street. An hourly parking garage is located beneath the complex's shopping mall. The mall features an upscale fitness and racquet club, in addition to numerous take-out restaurants and other stores. The complex is served by the 12th Street/Oakland City Center BART station. History Though not actually one of Oakland's neighborhoods, and with only newly established condominium residences, City Center in Oakland has a privately owned outdoor shopping mall at its core. The mall is a textbook example\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Oakland City Center is.", "output": "Oakland City Center is an office, shopping and hotel complex in Downtown Oakland, Oakland, California."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Naive set theory is any of several theories of sets used in the discussion of the foundations of mathematics. Unlike axiomatic set theories, which are defined using formal logic, naive set theory is defined informally, in natural language. It describes the aspects of mathematical sets familiar in discrete mathematics (for example Venn diagrams and symbolic reasoning about their Boolean algebra), and suffices for the everyday use of set theory concepts in contemporary mathematics. Sets are of great importance in mathematics; in modern formal treatments, most mathematical objects (numbers, relations, functions, etc.) are defined in terms of sets. Naive set theory suffices for many purposes, while also serving as a stepping stone towards more formal treatments. Method A naive theory in the sense of \"naive set theory\" is a non-formalized theory, that is, a theory that uses natural language to describe sets and operations on sets. The words and, or, if\n\nThe Book of Chronicles ( , \"words of the days\") is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books (1\u20132 Chronicles) in the Christian Old Testament. Chronicles is the final book of the Hebrew Bible, concluding the third section of the Jewish Tanakh, the Ketuvim (\"Writings\"). It contains a genealogy starting with Adam and a history of ancient Judah and Israel up to the Edict of Cyrus in 539 BC. The book was divided into two books in the Septuagint and translated into Greek in the mid-3rd century BC. In Christian contexts Chronicles is referred to in the plural as the Books of Chronicles, after the Latin name given to the text by Jerome, but is also referred to by its Greek name as the Books of Paralipomenon. In Christian Bibles, they usually follow the two Books of Kings and precede Ezra\u2013Nehemiah, the last history-oriented book of the\n\nElgin railway station is a railway station serving the town of Elgin, Moray in Scotland. The station is managed and served by ScotRail and is on the Aberdeen to Inverness Line, between Keith and Forres, measured from Forres. History The first station in Elgin was opened by the Great North of Scotland Railway (GNSR) on 10 August 1852 by the Morayshire Railway. The second owned by the Highland Railway was opened on 25 March 1858 by the Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway and later known as Elgin West. The GNSR lines to Lossiemouth and (where it joined the Strathspey Railway (GNoSR)) were subsequently joined by the GNSR Morayshire Coast line in 1886\u20137. The GNSR company prepared plans in the mid-1890s for a new station building which was intended to be a joint station with the Highland Railway. Mr P.M. Barnett, engineer-in-chief of the GNSR submitted a plan which proposed a\n\nQuestion: Define Elgin railway station.", "output": "Elgin railway station is a railway station serving the town of Elgin, Moray in Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "World Ag Expo is the largest annual outdoor agricultural exposition with over 1,200 exhibitors and an attendance of more than 100,000 each year. It is held at the International Agri-Center in Tulare, California, in the United States, starting on the second Tuesday of February. It has officially been designated by the U.S. Department of Commerce as an affiliate of the Foreign Buyer Program, which encourages export of American-made goods. Prior to its 2001 rename, the event was called the California Farm Equipment Show and International Exposition. Contests The show features an innovation contest among its exhibitors each year. The World Ag Expo Top-10 New Products Contest highlights new agtech, equipment, services, and more. Exhibitors must apply for the contest and their submissions are reviewed by a panel of judges. The winners are featured at the show and are covered widely in the media. Milestones The show started in 1968 and\n\nHans Tietmeyer (18 August 1931 \u2013 27 December 2016) was a German economist and regarded as one of the foremost experts on international financial matters. He was president of Deutsche Bundesbank from 1993 until 1999 and remained afterwards one of the most important figures in finance of the European Union. Early life Hans Tietmeyer was born on 18 August 1931 as the second of 11 children of a Roman Catholic family in Metelen (Westphalia). He graduated from Gymnasium Paulinum and initially studied Roman Catholic theology before switching to economics at the University of M\u00fcnster, University of Bonn and University of Cologne. Following an academic background of Alfred M\u00fcller-Armack and Ludwig Erhard he moved into international banking and economics. At the same time, he became expert at table tennis, winning medals at national championships. Career In 1962 Tietmeyer started his career in the Federal Ministry of Economics. As a close aide\n\nBollinger () is a French Champagne house, a producer of luxury sparkling wines from the Champagne region. They produce several labels of Champagne under the Bollinger name, including the vintage Vieilles Vignes Fran\u00e7aises, Grande Ann\u00e9e and R.D. as well as the non-vintage Special Cuv\u00e9e. Founded in 1829 in A\u00ff by Hennequin de Villermont, Paul Renaudin and Jacques Bollinger, the house continues to be run by members of the Bollinger family. In Britain, Bollinger Champagnes are affectionately known as \"Bolly\". History Bollinger has roots in the Champagne region dating back to 1585 when the Hennequins, one of the Bollinger founding families, owned land in Cramant. Before the Bollinger house was founded, in the 18th century the Villermont family practised wine making, though not under their family name. In 1750, Villermont settled in the location 16 rue Jules Lobet, which would eventually become the head office for Bollinger. In 1803 Jacques Joseph\n\nQuestion: Define World Ag Expo.", "output": "World Ag Expo is the largest annual outdoor agricultural exposition with over 1,200 exhibitors and an attendance of more than 100,000 each year."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jan G\u00f6sta Waldenstr\u00f6m (17 April 1906 \u2013 1 December 1996) was a Swedish doctor of internal medicine, who first described the disease that bears his name, Waldenstr\u00f6m's macroglobulinemia. He was born in Stockholm into a medical family: his father, Johann Henning Waldenstr\u00f6m (1877\u20131972), was a professor of orthopedic surgery in Stockholm, and his grandfather Johan Anton Waldenstr\u00f6m (1839\u20131879) was professor of internal medicine in Uppsala. Waldenstr\u00f6m obtained his M.D. degree at the University of Uppsala and studied organic chemistry with Hans Fischer at the Technical University of Munich. He was professor of theoretical medicine at the University of Uppsala in 1941 and became professor of practical medicine at the University of Lund in 1944. He was the head of the Department of Medicine at Malm\u00f6 General Hospital until his retirement in 1972. Waldenstr\u00f6m first described, in 1944, patients with a disease that has subsequently been named for him, Waldenstr\u00f6m's macroglobulinemia,\n\nDuo-Tang was a brand name for paper folders made of cardstock paper. They are used to bind multiple sheets of paper by bending embedded brass fasteners through the holes of the paper and folding them down to keep them in place. Some models have three teeth on the fastener, and some have six (two on the top, middle and bottom). They could be different colours such as blue, green, red, orange, yellow and black. They were often used as an organization tool for multiple pages of one subject, chiefly by elementary school students (however, many students usually transition to binders as they enter secondary school). Duo-Tang folders were originally manufactured by the Duo-Tang company, which was founded in Chicago in 1931, then headquartered in Paw Paw, Michigan after World War II. The brand was bought on July 1, 2004 by Esselte. All previous Duo-Tang products were subsequently replaced by Oxford\n\nBeatBullying was an international charity aiming to empower young people to lead anti-bullying campaigns in their schools and local communities, and to build the capacity of local communities to sustain the work. BeatBullying devised bullying prevention strategies for young people by young people, focusing on \"peer to peer\" education and empowering young people to take action against incidents of bullying and help others combat the problem, both online and off. In schools where BeatBullying has worked, their internal evaluation suggests that incidents of bullying have been reduced by an average of 39%. BeatBullying suspended services in October 2014. History BeatBullying was established in 1999 by its current CEO Emma-Jane Cross and became a registered charity in 2002. In 2009 it launched the Beatbullying website, an online peer mentoring service for 11- to 18-year-olds delivered via a social networking site. BeatBullying has worked directly and indirectly with 700,000+ young people over\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Jan G. Waldenstr\u00f6m.", "output": "Jan G\u00f6sta Waldenstr\u00f6m was a Swedish doctor of internal medicine, who first described the disease that bears his name, Waldenstr\u00f6m's macroglobulinemia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "El gran juego de la oca (The Great Game of the Goose) is a TV game show produced in Madrid, Spain from 1993 through 1995 and again in 1998 as El nuevo juego de la oca (The New Game of the Goose). It was a weekly show airing in a block of several hours on the Spanish channel Antena 3, and later Telecinco. The show was created by television producer Jocelyn Hattab, and first premiered in Italy as Il Grande Gioco Dell'Oca. In January 2021, a remake produced by Endemol Shine Boomdog in Mexico has been announced, and an Argentinian version is to premiere on El Trece. Hosts Each season had a different trio of presenters \u2013 a lead male host and two female assistants \u2013 that shared hosting duties: Emilio Arag\u00f3n, Lydia Bosch, and Patricia P\u00e9rez (1993\u201394) Pepe Navarro, Eugenia Santana, and Ivonne Reyes (1994\u201395) Andr\u00e9s Caparr\u00f3s, Elsa Anka,\n\nIn a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system. This state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction. The reaction rates of the forward and backward reactions are generally not zero, but they are equal. Thus, there are no net changes in the concentrations of the reactants and products. Such a state is known as dynamic equilibrium. Historical introduction The concept of chemical equilibrium was developed in 1803, after Berthollet found that some chemical reactions are reversible. For any reaction mixture to exist at equilibrium, the rates of the forward and backward (reverse) reactions must be equal. In the following chemical equation, arrows point both ways to indicate equilibrium. A\n\nOrm and Cheep is a 1980s British children's television series that was aimed at the younger viewers of Children's ITV. It used puppets as the main characters (Orm being a worm and Cheep being a bird) and was narrated by Richard Briers. The show was created by Tony Martin, the puppets created by Mary Edwards. There were a total of 26 episodes, which spanned between the years of 1984\u20131987, each episode consisting of eleven minutes. The series was aired in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada and Iran. Plot Cheep was an infant bird who fell from his nest, prior to learning to fly (the theme tune, \"If only Cheep could fly\", ensured that Cheep's difficulties in learning to fly became a recurring joke throughout the series). He befriends Orm, a worm who inhabits a subterranean home. Their acquaintances include Snail and Mouse, all friends and foes have a single-word,\n\nQuestion: What's El gran juego de la oca?", "output": "El gran juego de la oca is a TV game show produced in Madrid, Spain from 1993 through 1995 and again in 1998 as El nuevo juego de la oca."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Continuity Irish Republican Army (Continuity IRA or CIRA), styling itself as the Irish Republican Army (), is an Irish republican paramilitary group that aims to bring about a united Ireland. It claims to be a direct continuation of the original Irish Republican Army and the national army of the Irish Republic that was proclaimed in 1916. It emerged from a split in the Provisional IRA in 1986 but did not become active until the Provisional IRA ceasefire of 1994. It is an illegal organisation in the Republic of Ireland and is designated a terrorist organisation in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and the United States. It has links with the political party Republican Sinn F\u00e9in (RSF). Since 1994, the CIRA has waged a campaign in Northern Ireland against the British Army and the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI), formerly the Royal Ulster Constabulary. This is part of a\n\nJames Marwick (born 1862 in Edinburgh, Scotland) was a Scottish American and an original founder of an accounting office that became one of the Big Four accounting firms, KPMG. Career Marwick's father was Sir James David Marwick, an Orcadian who was Town Clerk of Glasgow from 1873 to 1904. The young Marwick qualified as a chartered accountant, and began his accounting practice in Glasgow, and travelled to Australia to conduct a bank examination for a group of Scottish investors during the Australian banking crisis in the 1890s. Marwick later travelled from Australia to Canada and, impressed with business opportunities in North America and cultivating banking clients, he went to the United States in 1894 and began looking for a partner. Marwick and Roger Mitchell, schoolmates from the University of Glasgow, literally ran into each other on a New York City street in 1897. Mitchell had been sent to the United\n\nChicken and waffles is an American dish combining chicken with waffles. It is part of a variety of culinary traditions, including Pennsylvania Dutch cuisine and soul food, and is served in certain specialty restaurants in the United States. Originating as a Pennsylvania Dutch meal, the dish has received notability in the Southern United States. Description Chicken and waffles, as a combined recipe, first appeared in the United States' colonial period in the 1600s in Pennsylvania Dutch country. The traditional Pennsylvania Dutch version consists of a plain waffle with pulled, stewed chicken on top, covered in gravy. A version using fried chicken is associated with the American South. The soul-food version of chicken and waffles grew in popularity after the opening of the Wells Supper Club in Harlem, New York, in 1938. The waffle is served as it would be for breakfast, with condiments such as butter and syrup. This version\n\nQuestion: What is Continuity Irish Republican Army?", "output": "The Continuity Irish Republican Army, styling itself as the Irish Republican Army, is an Irish republican paramilitary group that aims to bring about a united Ireland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Irrawaddy () is a news website by the Irrawaddy Publishing Group (IPG), founded in 1990 by Burmese exiles living in Thailand. From its inception, The Irrawaddy has taken an independent stance on Burmese politics. As a publication produced by former Burmese activists who fled violent crackdowns on anti-military protests in 1988, it has always been closely associated with the pro-democracy movement, although it remains unaffiliated with any of the political groups that have emerged since the 8888 Uprising. The Irrawaddy is published in both English and Burmese, with a primary focus on Burma and Southeast Asia. It is regarded as one of the foremost journalistic publications dealing with political, social, economic and cultural developments in Burma. In addition to news, it features in-depth political analysis and interviews with a wide range of Burma experts, business leaders, democracy activists and other influential figures. History It was started in 1990 with\n\nCochranella is a genus of glass frogs, family Centrolenidae. They are found in Central America from Honduras southward to the Amazonian and Andean cloud forests of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Etymology The generic name Cochranella honors Doris Mable Cochran, an American herpetologist. Accordingly, common name Cochran frogs has been coined for the genus. Taxonomy and systematics Cochranella was first described by Edward Harrison Taylor in 1951. The current delimitation of this genus follows from the work by Juan Manuel Guayasamin and his colleagues published in 2009 (with some later adjustments). These authors remedied the polyphyly of the genus by partitioning it into several new genera. The diagnostic characteristics of the genus are the following: (1) humeral spines are absent (small spine present in C. litoralis); (2) digestive tract is white (translucent in Cochranella nola) and the lobed liver is covered by a transparent hepatic peritoneum; (3) ventral parietal peritoneum\n\nThe White Bay Power Station is a heritage listed former coal-fired power station on a site in White Bay, in the suburb of Rozelle, from Sydney in New South Wales, Australia. The remains of the plant can be clearly seen at the western end of the Anzac Bridge on the junction of Victoria Road and Roberts Street. The station has been inactive for a number of years and the site is now inaccessible to the general public. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. The station is often wrongly referred to as the Balmain Power Station, a plant originally located in Iron Cove, which has since been demolished. History To satisfy the power requirements for the expansion of the Sydney tram and rail network, the New South Wales Government Railways began the first phase of work on The White Bay Power Station\n\nQuestion: What is White Bay Power Station", "output": "The White Bay Power Station is a heritage listed former coal-fired power station on a  site in White Bay, in the suburb of Rozelle,  from Sydney in New South Wales, Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Saskatchewan Railway Museum is a railway museum located west of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan at the intersection of the Pike Lake Highway (Hwy 60) and the Canadian National Railway tracks (on \"Hawker\" siding). It is operated by the Saskatchewan Railroad Historical Association (SRHA) and was opened in 1990. Images Locomotives The museum has a Canadian Pacific S-3 locomotive originally built by the Montreal Locomotive Works in 1957 to a design originally developed by the American Locomotive Company. Between 2001 and 2006 the S-3 was restored and painted in original period colours and is now on display. The museum has a smaller General Electric diesel electric locomotive built in 1941. This unit was originally used by the US Army and US Air Force before being purchased by SaskPower for use on the Saskatoon coal-fired A. L. Cole power plant before the site was decommissioned. This is augmented with a Canadian Pacific trackmobile\n\nClair Armstrong Callan (March 29, 1920 \u2013 May 28, 2005) was an American Democratic Party politician. Born in Odell, Nebraska, the grandson of Irish immigrants, Callan graduated from Nebraska State Teachers College, now known as Peru State College. He served as an officer in the United States Navy during World War II on a destroyer in the Pacific Theater. He served on the Odell Village Board, Odell School Board, Gage County School Reorganization Board, Gage County Fair Board, and the Gage County Extension Board. He was chairman of both the Governor's Committee on State Government Reorganization Board and the Nebraska Power Review Board. He worked as a farmer, stockman, and in the hardware and farm supply business. After losing his first race for Nebraska's 1st Congressional District in 1962 to incumbent Ralph Beermann, Callan was narrowly elected to the Eighty-ninth United States Congress in 1964, serving from January 3, 1965,\n\nTexasetes (meaning \"Texas resident\") is a genus of ankylosaurian dinosaurs from the late Lower Cretaceous of North America. This poorly known genus has been recovered from the Paw Paw Formation (late Albian) near Haslet, Tarrant County, Texas, which has also produced the nodosaurid ankylosaur Pawpawsaurus. Discovery and taphonomy 5 miles south of Haslet near Fort Worth, Texas, fossils of an ankylosaurid were excavated from strata of the upper Albian rocks from Lower Cretaceous in the Pawpaw Formation. The fossils would later become the holotype (USNM 337987) of Texasetes, consisting of a skull fragment, 2 teeth, 5 cervical centra, 3 sacral centra, 16 caudal centra, partial scapulacoracoids, fragmentary pelvis, humeri, femora, tibiae, proximal ulnae, proximal radii, left metacarpal IV, left metatarsal IV, 3 phalanges, 2 unguals, and several osteoderms. These remains had initially been labeled as those of a sauropod, but were many years later recognized as ankylosaurian by M.K. Brett-Surman.\n\nQuestion: Define Saskatchewan Railway Museum.", "output": "The Saskatchewan Railway Museum is a railway museum located west of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan at the intersection of the Pike Lake Highway and the Canadian National Railway tracks."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Francesca Gonshaw (born 25 November 1959) is an English former actress who appeared in television, theatre and cinema productions in the 1980s. From 1982 to 1987, she appeared as Maria Recamier in the BBC's 'Allo 'Allo! television situation comedy series set in occupied France during World War II. After early roles in the BBC's Shades and Gesualdo the Prince, Gonshaw featured as Arsinoe in The Cleopatras in 1983. After leaving Allo 'Allo! for the role of Amanda Palmer in the drama Howard's Way, Gonshaw appeared in other productions including as Lisa Walters in the Central soap-opera Crossroads (1984\u201385), as Maria in the movie Biggles: Adventures in Time (1986) and in the Grammy-winning music video for Peter Gabriel's \"Digging in the Dirt\" (1992). On stage, she played Hermia in A Midsummer Night's Dream and Ophelia in Hamlet. After her acting career, she went on to work for Miramax Books, and then\n\nTian Yi (, 1534 - 1605) was a eunuch serving at the imperial court of the Ming Dynasty. He served under the Jiajing, the Longqing, and the Wanli emperors for a total of 63 years and eventually rose to a high position in the court, overseeing the Directorate of Ceremonies (\"Master of the Seal in charge of rituals ) which ranked first among the twelve eunuch directorates. By the time of this death, he had become the favorite eunuch of the Wanli emperor. Tian Yi was born in Shaanxi Province and was castrated at age 9. He entered the imperial court immediately afterwards. When he died in 1605, the Wanli Emperor ordered three days of mourning and the construction of a tomb with many features of an imperial mausoleum to commemorate him. Tomb Tian Yi's tomb () has a traditional layout in which a spirit way serves as a central\n\nTrimper Rides Of Ocean City is a historic amusement park located near the inlet at South First Street and the boardwalk in Ocean City, Maryland, United States. It was founded in 1893 as The Windsor Resort. It is located at the south end of the boardwalk and consists of three outdoor lots as well as an indoor section. History Daniel B. Trimper and his wife, Margaret, arrived in Ocean City in 1890. By 1893, they were owners of boardwalk property between South Division and South First Streets, including two hotels: The Eastern Shore and the Sea Bright. Rebuilding the Sea Bright in 1900 following a severe storm, the Trimpers modeled the new structure after Great Britain's Windsor Castle. The two hotels, together with a theater and an amusement park, became known as Windsor Resort. In 1912, Daniel Trimper purchased a massive carousel from the Herschell-Spillman Company in North Tonawanda, NY.\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Tian Yi.", "output": "Tian Yi was a eunuch serving at the imperial court of the Ming Dynasty."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Suakoko District (commonly spelled Suacoco abroad) is one of eight districts located in Bong County, Liberia. Moreover, it is located in the south central portion of Bong County. A majority of the residents in this district are employees with the Phebe hospital and Cuttington University main campus. Others within the area are local laborers with workers and students who come into the area in search for jobs and/or education. It is named for former Chief Suah Koko Suakoko is a town owned under the leadership and supervisionship of Madam Suakoko, a chief warrior of the late 18\u2019s and 1900s who fought tremendously to gain possession of her land. The land got its name \u2018\u2019Suakoko\u2019\u2019 due to her legacy and valor set as a warrior. The district is divided into three clans into which Suakoko is the biggest of all; thus, serving as the major commercial center. It includes: the kpatawee,\n\nIn algebraic topology, an area of mathematics, a homeotopy group of a topological space is a homotopy group of the group of self-homeomorphisms of that space. Definition The homotopy group functors assign to each path-connected topological space the group of homotopy classes of continuous maps Another construction on a space is the group of all self-homeomorphisms , denoted If X is a locally compact, locally connected Hausdorff space then a fundamental result of R. Arens says that will in fact be a topological group under the compact-open topology. Under the above assumptions, the homeotopy groups for are defined to be: Thus is the mapping class group for In other words, the mapping class group is the set of connected components of as specified by the functor Example According to the Dehn-Nielsen theorem, if is a closed surface then i.e., the zeroth homotopy group of the automorphisms of a space is\n\nICGV T\u00fdr is an and the former flagship of the Icelandic Coast Guard. The ship was built by Dannebrog V\u00e6rft in Denmark in 1974\u20131975 and entered service in 1975. T\u00fdr is the second largest ship in the Icelandic Coast Guard and participated in the Third Cod War. The ship conducted patrols, search and rescue, fishery inspections, general law enforcement and counter-terrorism operations in the Icelandic exclusive economic zone and the waters of the surrounding territories, such as Greenland and Jan Mayen. T\u00fdr was decommissioned in 2021 and sold in 2022. Description T\u00fdr has a standard displacement of and at full load. The ship measures long with a beam of and a draught of . The vessel is powered by two MAN 8L 40/54 diesel engines turning two shafts with Kamewa controllable pitch propellers rated at . This gives the ship a maximum speed of with a range of at .\n\nQuestion: What is ICGV T\u00fdr?", "output": "ICGV T\u00fdr is an  and the former flagship of the Icelandic Coast Guard."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "June Elaine Rita Maston (later Ferguson; 14 March 1928 \u2013 3 December 2004) was an Australian sprinter and athletics coach from New South Wales. In 1948 she placed fourth in the Australian national championships over 100 yards. At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London she won a silver medal in 4 x 100 metres relay with teammates Shirley Strickland, Joyce King and Elizabeth McKinnon. She had earlier competed in the women's long jump event, but did not qualify for the final. At the Olympics she met her future husband, water polo player Jack Ferguson. Later, she became an athletics coach. Her most successful charges included four-time Olympic sprint champion Betty Cuthbert and Olympic 80 metres hurdles champion Maureen Caird. Maston had five children: Jeremy, Ian, Fiona, Megan, and Debra. References External links 1928 births 2004 deaths Australian female sprinters Australian athletics coaches Olympic female sprinters Olympic athletes for Australia Olympic\n\nQuilmesaurus is a genus of carnivorous abelisaurid theropod dinosaur from the Patagonian Upper Cretaceous (Campanian stage) of Argentina. It was a member of Abelisauridae, closely related to genera such as Carnotaurus. The only known remains of this genus are leg bones which share certain similarities to a variety of abelisaurids. However, these bones lack unique features, which may render Quilmesaurus a nomen vanum (more commonly known as a nomen dubium, or \"dubious name\"). Discovery and naming During the late 1980s, a field crew from the Universidad Nacional Tucum\u00e1n, led by Jaime Powell, uncovered forty kilometres south of Roca City, in R\u00edo Negro province, southern Argentina, the remains of a theropod near the Salitral Ojo de Agua. In 2001, Rodolfo An\u00edbal Coria named and described the type species Quilmesaurus curriei. The genus name is derived from the Quilme, a Native American people, and the specific name honours Dr. Philip John Currie,\n\nPasta e fagioli (), meaning \"pasta and beans\", is a traditional Italian pasta soup. It is often called pasta fasul or pasta fazool in the New York Italian dialect, derived from its Neapolitan name, pasta e fasule. Preparation Recipes for pasta e fagioli vary, the only true requirement being that beans and pasta are included. While the dish varies from region to region, it is most commonly made using cannellini beans, navy beans, or borlotti beans and a small variety of pasta such as elbow macaroni or ditalini. The base typically includes olive oil, garlic, minced onion, celery, carrots, and often stewed tomatoes or tomato paste. Some variations omit tomatoes and instead use a broth base. Preparation may be vegetarian, or contain meat (often bacon, ground beef, or pancetta) or a meat-based stock. Variations The recipe varies greatly based on the region or town in which it is prepared, depending\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Quilmesaurus is.", "output": "Quilmesaurus is a genus of carnivorous abelisaurid theropod dinosaur from the Patagonian Upper Cretaceous of Argentina."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Objectives Resolution () was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on March 12, 1949. The resolution proclaimed that the future constitution of Pakistan would not be modeled entirely on a European pattern, but on the ideology and democratic faith of Islam. The resolution, in its entirety, has been made part of the Constitution of Pakistan under Article 2(A). Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan presented it in the assembly on March 7, 1949. Out of 75 members of the assembly, 21 voted for opposing it. All the amendments proposed by minority members were rejected. Consequently, all ten of them voted against it. Objectives Resolution The Pakistani Objectives Resolution Sovereignty over the entire Universe belongs to Allah Almighty alone and the authority which He has delegated to the state of Pakistan, through its people for being exercised within the limits prescribed by Him is a sacred trust. This Constituent Assembly\n\nCheney State Park is a state park of Kansas in the United States. Completed in 1964, the park is located in Kingman and Reno counties in Kansas, 5 miles north of Cheney and 20 miles west of Wichita. The park is divided into two areas comprising , straddling the Cheney Reservoir, one of the top sailing lakes in the United States. The Ninnescah Sailing Association has facilities in the West Shore Area. A marina in the East Shore Area offers supplies and services for boaters and anglers. There are nature and hiking trails at Giefer Creek and Spring Creek. A handicapped-accessible fishing complex is available at the Toadstool Loop Jetty. The park features 29 miles of asphalt roads and parking areas; a park office; 2 marinas; 223 electrical hookup sites with water; over 400 primitive camp sites; 4 trailer dumpstations; 6 boat ramps with 22 launching lanes; 4 courtesy docks;\n\nRubin's vase (sometimes known as the Rubin face or the figure\u2013ground vase) is a famous example of ambiguous or bi-stable (i.e., reversing) two-dimensional forms developed around 1915 by the Danish psychologist Edgar Rubin. The depicted version of Rubin's vase can be seen as the black profiles of two people looking towards each other or as a white vase, but not both. Another example of a bistable figure Rubin included in his Danish-language, two-volume book was the Maltese cross. Rubin presented in his doctoral thesis (1915) a detailed description of the visual figure-ground relationship, an outgrowth of the visual perception and memory work in the laboratory of his mentor, Georg Elias M\u00fcller. One element of Rubin's research may be summarized in the fundamental principle, \"When two fields have a common border, and one is seen as figure and the other as ground, the immediate perceptual experience is characterized by a shaping\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Cheney State Park is.", "output": "Cheney State Park is a state park of Kansas in the United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A port operator is a port authority or company that contracts with the port authority to move cargo through a port at a contracted minimum level of productivity. They may be state-owned (particularly for port authorities) or privately run. The work involves managing the movement of cargo containers between cargo ships, trucks and freight trains and optimizing the flow of goods through customs to minimize the amount of time a ship spends in port. Maintaining efficiency involves managing and upgrading gantry cranes, berths, waterways, roads, storage facilities, communication equipment, computer systems and dockworkers' union contracts. The port operator also manages paperwork, leases, safety and port security. Largest port operators This is a list of the world's largest port operators in terms of total cargo tonnage handled. Hutchison Port Holdings (Hong Kong, People's Republic of China) PSA International (Singapore) DP World (Dubai, United Arab Emirates) APM Terminals (The Hague, Netherlands) COSCO\n\nHolly High School (HHS) is a public high school for grades 9\u201312 located in Holly, Michigan. It provides secondary education for students living in Holly, Davisburg, Springfield Township, Rose Township, and White Lake Township. Its official mascot is the Broncho and its colors are red, white, and grey. In 1952, Holly High School opted to change the spelling of its mascot from Bronco to Broncho since the spelling was commonly used. Holly High School is the only high school in the Holly Area School District. The current high school, built in 1999 in Holly Township, Michigan, replaced a high school building that had been built down the street in 1958. The 1958 building, which has for its official address 920 East Baird Street, became a middle school but today is home to Karl Richter Community Center and Holly Area Schools' administrative offices and had, in return, replaced a 1910s school\n\nThe Czech Republic is a Central European country, a member of the European Union, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the United Nations (and all of its main specialized agencies and boards). It entertains diplomatic relations with 191 countries of the world, around half of which maintain a resident embassy in the Czech capital city, Prague. During the years 1948\u20131989, the foreign policy of Czechoslovakia had followed that of the Soviet Union. Since the revolution and the subsequent mutually-agreed peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the Czechs have made reintegration with Western institutions their chief foreign policy objective. This goal was rapidly met with great success, as the nation joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004, and held the Presidency of the European Union during the first\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Port operator is.", "output": "A port operator is a port authority or company that contracts with the port authority to move cargo through a port at a contracted minimum level of productivity."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Te P\u012bhopatanga o Te Manawa o Te Wheke is an episcopal polity or diocese of the Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia. Literally, the diocese is the Anglican bishopric of the heart of the octopus of the North Island of Aotearoa, New Zealand; also known as the synod (or in ). Te Manawa o Te Wheke extends from the Bombay Hills south of Auckland through to Taumarunui in the King Country. Te Manawa o Te Wheke is one of five p\u012bhopatanga, or episcopal units, that comprise Te P\u012bhopatanga o Aotearoa, the M\u0101ori Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand. In 2015 the P\u012bhopatanga (bishopric) underwent a major restructure which resulted in the disestablishment of Archdeaconries and the merging of some Pariha (parish). It also led to the creation of the role of Te Manutaki, a senior cleric who, on behalf of the bishop, oversees and implements the mission and\n\nSpender is a British television police procedural drama, created by Ian La Frenais and Jimmy Nail, that first broadcast on 8 January 1991 on BBC1. The series, which also starred Nail as the titular character, ran for three series between 1991 and 1993, finishing with a feature-length special, The French Collection, broadcast on 29 December 1993. A total of twenty-one episodes were produced. The first and second series were produced by Martin McKeand, while the third and final series was produced by Paul Rapha\u00ebl and Peter McAleese. The series, set in Newcastle upon Tyne, focuses on the life and exploits of Detective Sergeant Freddie Spender, who was often chosen to carry out more daring police cases. With his criminal sidekick Stick (Sammy Johnson), Spender was regarded as one of the more remarkable TV detectives of the 1990s. The series featured an extensive back story for the main characters, with a\n\nESPN Radio SportsCenter is a news recap segment on ESPN Radio that airs during talk programming and sometimes live games coverage, usually by separate anchors. There are two updates an hour, at the top of the hour and 30 minutes past. Background ESPN Radio's marquee segment lasts between one minute and two and a half minutes (depending on time of day) and includes scores, stats, news and sound bites. During the updates, the SportsCenter theme music plays throughout. ESPN Radio SportsCenter is heard during marquee programs such as Mike and Mike in the Morning. It is also heard every twenty minutes during MLB and NBA broadcasts on ESPN Radio. It can also be heard on certain EA Sports games that include ESPN integration. The updates can be accessed on demand using the ESPN mobile app. The morning ESPN Radio SportsCenter anchors were Bob Picozzi and Christine Lisi. As of August\n\nQuestion: What is Te P\u012bhopatanga o Te Manawa o Te Wheke", "output": "Te P\u012bhopatanga o Te Manawa o Te Wheke is an episcopal polity or diocese of the Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Ellis Island Casino & Brewery is located near the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The casino offers 350 gaming devices, as well as restaurants, a Karaoke bar and a brewery. History The Village Pub was opened in 1967 by Frank Ellis, who eventually passed it on to his son, Gary. The name was changed to Ellis Island in 1985. On September 19, 1997, Ellis Island opened a large portion of a $12 million renovation and expansion, which doubled its slot machine count to 410 and introduced table games by adding six blackjack tables. In 1995 Ellis relaunched the Village Pub brand. As of 2020, the family owns and operates 12 Village Pub restaurants in the Las Vegas area. Ellis agreed in 2004 to manage and take joint ownership of the nearby Tuscany Suites and Casino, which had struggled to attract customers in its first year. The agreement fell\n\nPrakash Puram (born 1954) is the former President and CEO of the former small business iXmatch, and a former member of former President Bush's Export Council. Biography Education He received a Bachelor of Science degree from Loyola College, Chennai, India; a Business Management diploma from Xavier Labour Relations Institute, Jamshedpur, India; an MBA from the University of Minnesota; and a Master of Public Administration from Harvard University. Prakash serves on the advisory board of the University of Minnesota\u2019s Carlson School of Management Center for Entrepreneurial Studies. Career Puram has had leadership and product management roles at Net Perceptions, Honeywell, IBM, Pillsbury, and Unilever. On September 22, 2006 U.S. President George W. Bush nominated Puram to be a member of the President's Export Council. Following a breakfast with Federal Reserve Bank Chairman Alan Greenspan, Puram and other new members were sworn-in on December 6, 2005 by U.S. Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez\n\nEd Badger (born November 5, 1932) is a former college and professional basketball coach. Early life Badger played junior varsity college basketball at the University of Iowa, and later for the U.S. Air Force and division teams. He got his first basketball coaching job at St. Mary's High School, while getting his master's degree from the University of Iowa. After receiving his master's degree, Badger moved to Marengo, Iowa to coach the Marengo High School basketball team. He won the conference in his second year. Coaching career Early jobs Badger then moved up to the college coaching ranks. For the next 15 years he was a very successful head basketball coach at Wilbur Wright College. Badger's teams won 25 or more games ever year he coached. In the 1973\u201374 and 1974\u201375 seasons Badger's teams went 33\u20130 and were ranked number 1 nationally in the polls for junior college teams. In\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Prakash Puram.", "output": "Prakash Puram is the former President and CEO of the former small business iXmatch, and a former member of former President Bush's Export Council."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Campo de Criptana is a municipality and town in the province of Ciudad Real in the autonomous community of Castilla\u2013La Mancha (Spain). It is found in the region known as La Mancha. History Historical development The area surrounding Campo de Criptana has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Prehistoric implements of hunting, gathering, and agriculture have been found in various locations, as have ceramics, particularly from the Bronze Age. From historic times, the most plentiful remnants have been Ibero-Roman. Settlement of the present city center of Campo de Criptana dates from the 13th century, though the municipal area was occupied by human beings much earlier. Numerous archaeological remains and historical documents attest to the existence of inhabited centers since the Bronze Age. There is evidence of settlements of some importance\u2014at least since the Middle Ages\u2014named Criptana, Villajos, Posadas Viejas and El Campo, as well as others of lesser significance, such as\n\nA learning community is a group of people who share common academic goals and attitudes and meet semi-regularly to collaborate on classwork. Such communities have become the template for a cohort-based, interdisciplinary approach to higher education. This may be based on an advanced kind of educational or 'pedagogical' design. Community psychologists such as McMillan and Chavis (1986) state that four key factors defined a sense of community: \"(1) membership, (2) influence, (3) fulfilment of individuals needs and (4) shared events and emotional connections. So, the participants of learning community must feel some sense of loyalty and belonging to the group (membership) that drive their desire to keep working and helping others, also the things that the participants do must affect what happens in the community; that means, an active and not just a reactive performance (influence). Besides, a learning community must give a chance to the participants to meet particular\n\nOperation Prone was a proposed military operation by the South African Defence Force (SADF) and South West African Territorial Force (SWATF) during the South African Border War and Angolan Civil War between May and September 1988. With the advance of the 50th Cuban Division towards Calueque and the South-West Africa border, the SADF formed the 10 SA Division to counter this threat. The plan for Operation Prone had two phases. Operation Linger was to be a counterinsurgency phase and Operation Pact a conventional phase. Background and threat assessment Caught off guard by the rapid movement southwards by the Cuban 10th Division, whose appearance was first noticed during April/May 1988 when SADF units in south-western Angola started to come into contact with advancing Cuban/FAPLA units, serious planning began. Initially, the plans were developed as a proposed attack on the Cuban/FAPLA forces in south-western Angola but as events played out and peace\n\nQuestion: What is Campo de Criptana", "output": "Campo de Criptana is a municipality and town in the province of Ciudad Real in the autonomous community of Castilla\u2013La Mancha."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hand of Blood is the second EP by Welsh heavy metal band Bullet for My Valentine, released on 22 August 2005 through Trustkill Records. The EP is almost the same as the previous, but with completely different artwork and slightly altered track listing (\"4 Words (To Choke Upon)\" was track 6 on the Japan version of the self-titled EP). Hand of Blood included the single \"4 Words (To Choke Upon)\", accompanied by a music video, along with \"Hand of Blood\". The songs \"4 Words (To Choke Upon)\" and \"Cries in Vain\" were later included on the band's full-length debut, The Poison. The title track also appears on the limited edition of the same album. AllMusic asserted that the EP is \"essentially a deluxe version\" of the band's self-titled 2004 EP. Appearances in other media The song \"Hand of Blood\" is featured in the video game Burnout Revenge in the in-game\n\nMarsico Nuovo (Lucano: ) is a town and comune of the province of Potenza in the Basilicata region of southern Italy. It was the seat of the bishops of Grumentum. It is an agricultural centre in the Agri river valley. History The city's origins are obscure, but, after the destruction by the Saracens of the ancient Grumentum, the town grew in importance, and became the seat of a county under the Normans (11th century). Its most famous count was Sylvester of Marsico. It was subsequently ruled by the Hauteville, the Guarna and Sanseverino families. The last count from the latter, Ferrante Sanseverino, was exiled in 1552 and his fiefs acquired by the Kingdom of Naples. Main sights Among the churches in the town are: Cathedral of San Giorgio San Gianuario San Michele Arcangelo Madonna del Carmine Santi Maria di Constantinopoli San Rocco, contains arts from a destroyed church of All\n\nThe Canol Heritage Trail is a trail running from Norman Wells, Northwest Territories, through the Mackenzie Mountains, to the Yukon border. Because of its remoteness, length and river crossings it is considered one of the most challenging trails in Canada. The trail is in the process of becoming a territorial park. History The trail follows the route of the Canol Road lying within the Northwest Territories where it is no longer maintained beyond the Yukon border. The road was constructed during the Second World War by the United States Army Corps of Engineers to build and service a pipeline bringing oil from Norman Wells to a refinery in Whitehorse, Yukon. Though built at huge expense, it was abandoned after only thirteen months of operation. Logistics The eastern end of the trail is at Milepost 4, across the Mackenzie River from Norman Wells, requiring arrangements to be made to cross the\n\nQuestion: What is Canol Heritage Trail?", "output": "The Canol Heritage Trail is a  trail running from Norman Wells, Northwest Territories, through the Mackenzie Mountains, to the Yukon border."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The committees of the European Parliament are designed to aid the European Commission in initiating legislation. Standing committees are made up of Members of the European Parliament (MEPs), who are directly elected to the seats in the European Parliament by the electorate. Each committee has a chairman and four vice-chairmen, along with numerous committee members. Each committee also has substitute members. Reports are usually compiled by a rapporteur, who is appointed by the chairman of the committee, selected from amongst the members or permanent substitutes. Appointment The established system for the appointment of committee chairs follows the D'Hondt method. Legislative reports In the process of proposing and drafting legislation, the European Commission will consult the various standing committees during the codecision procedure, and these committees will advise the commission by producing reports, proposing amendments to the draft legislation, and providing, if necessary, a drafted legislative resolution. In the event of\n\nAllan Johnston (born 14 December 1973) is a Scottish football player and coach, who was most recently the manager of Queen of the South. Johnston started his professional playing career with Heart of Midlothian and then followed on to French club Rennes before a spell in English football with Sunderland before returning to Scotland with Rangers. Johnston then returned to England with Middlesbrough and Sheffield Wednesday. Johnston returned to Scotland and played out his playing career with Kilmarnock, St Mirren and Queen of the South. Johnston played for Scotland 18 times in full internationals, and also played for the Scotland under-21 and B international teams. Johnston started his managerial career in 2012, as player-manager of Queen of the South. Johnston won the Second Division championship in his first season as a manager, then moved to Kilmarnock. Johnston departed Rugby Park after 18 months after a dispute with the club's board\n\nMargot Franssen, (born March 21, 1952) is a philanthropist, activist and former Canadian entrepreneur, the founder, partner and president of The Body Shop Canada. During the years that she ran and co-owned the Body Shop with her husband Hall \"Quig\" Tingley and her sister Betty-Ann Franssen the company raised more than $1.3 million for violence prevention and recovery programs in Canada. They led their team in using innovative communication techniques to achieve a brand recognition just behind McDonald's Restaurants Canada building a strong awareness without the use of traditional advertising. In 2004 The Body Shop Canada was sold to Body Shop International. Franssen is now a leading voice on the issues of funding women's rights and social justice for women and girls. Born in the Netherlands, she received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1979 from York University, her major was Philosophy. Franssen holds an honorary Doctor of Human Letters\n\nQuestion: Who was Margot Franssen?", "output": "Margot Franssen, is a philanthropist, activist and former Canadian entrepreneur, the founder, partner and president of The Body Shop Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ricardo Santana Ortiz (born November 21, 1958), better known as Ricky Santana, is an American retired professional wrestler of Cuban descent who has worked for World Championship Wrestling, World Wrestling Federation, World Wrestling Council and the National Wrestling Alliance, All Japan, IWA Japan, Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre, AAA. Professional wrestling career Santana debuted as a wrestler in 1980 after being trained at The Great Malenko wrestling school in south Florida. In 1985, Santana worked for NWA Texas Allstar Wrestling in San Antonio in June 1985 won the Texas Allstar Tag Team Championship as the Hoods with Tony Torres defeating Shawn Michaels and Paul Diamond, known as the American Force. In March 1986, he began wrestling in NWA Championship Wrestling from Florida, where he first met Fidel Sierra, who would later become his Tag Team partner for many years. A short time later, he went on to Portland for Pacific\n\nVern\u00e9 Lesche, married Vanberg (11 October 1917 \u2013 21 April 2002) was a speed skater from Finland who twice won the World Allround Championships. Lesche was born in Helsinki, Finland, and already skated a world record in 1933 when she was only 15 years old. Her successes continued and she won the world title for the first time in 1939, when Tampere hosted the World Allround Championships. She won it for the second time in Drammen in 1947, making her the only speed skater in history to have won a medal at the World Allround Championships both before and after World War II. At those 1947 World Championships, Lesche won all four distances and the difference in samalog points with the silver medallist, Norwegian skater Else Marie Christiansen, was 20.923 points \u2013 the largest difference in history between numbers one and two at an international championship. Of this 20.923 point\n\nGuilty Bystander is a 1950 American crime drama directed by Joseph Lerner, and starring Zachary Scott and Faye Emerson. The film was shot on location entirely in New York City. It also marked the last motion picture screen appearances for character actors Mary Boland and J. Edward Bromberg. Plot Max Thursday is an ex-cop and an alcoholic. The only job he can find is house detective at his pal Smitty's rundown hotel. Ex-wife Georgia comes to him in a panic. Their young son Jeff is missing and so is her brother Fred Mace. She didn't report it, after being warned not to go to the police by Dr. Elder, who is a business acquaintance of Fred's. The drunken Max confronts pistol packing Dr. Elder, looking for answers regarding his missing son, but the doctor knocks him out cold from behind. Max wakes up and is taken to police headquarters for\n\nQuestion: What's Guilty Bystander?", "output": "Guilty Bystander is a 1950 American crime drama directed by Joseph Lerner, and starring Zachary Scott and Faye Emerson."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Neil Charles Kaplan is an American voice actor, audiobook narrator, entertainer, and comedian. His most well known voice roles are Hawkmon from Digimon, Genry\u016bsai Shigekuni Yamamoto from Bleach, Emperor Zarkon from Voltron: Legendary Defender and Madara Uchiha from Naruto. Biography Kaplan got his start as a comedian doing impressions of presidents such as Ronald Reagan and Richard Nixon. He also impersonated a little-known journalist at the time, Dan Rather. He then started work on video games, including several Star Wars titles. From there he went on to do such shows as Power Rangers, Digimon: Digital Monsters and Transformers: Robots in Disguise. He was once a contestant on the game show Street Smarts. On that appearance, he showed off some of his other impressions, including one of Gilbert Gottfried. He was a guest to the Power Morphicon (in Los Angeles) in June 2007 and August 2010, to Armageddon (in Australia and\n\nEsja (often Esjan, with the feminine definite article) is a mountain situated in the south-west of Iceland, about ten kilometres north of Iceland's capital city Reykjav\u00edk. Esja is not a single mountain, but a volcanic mountain range, made from basalt and tuff. Etymology The name is likely related to an archaic word, , meaning rock flake or carving stone. In the Kjalnesinga saga, there is a rich widow among Irish settlers named Esja, but it is likely that the woman's name is derived from the mountain and not vice versa. Esja can be used as a given name in Iceland. Formation Esja was built up at the end of the Pleistocene with the beginning of the Ice Age. During the warm periods lava flowed, and in the cold periods ridges of tuff were built up under the glacier. The western part of the mountain range is the oldest (about 3.2\n\nIn particle physics, a baryon is a type of composite subatomic particle which contains an odd number of valence quarks (at least 3). Baryons belong to the hadron family of particles; hadrons are composed of quarks. Baryons are also classified as fermions because they have half-integer spin. The name \"baryon\", introduced by Abraham Pais, comes from the Greek word for \"heavy\" (\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c2, bar\u00fds), because, at the time of their naming, most known elementary particles had lower masses than the baryons. Each baryon has a corresponding antiparticle (antibaryon) where their corresponding antiquarks replace quarks. For example, a proton is made of two up quarks and one down quark; and its corresponding antiparticle, the antiproton, is made of two up antiquarks and one down antiquark. Baryons participate in the residual strong force, which is mediated by particles known as mesons. The most familiar baryons are protons and neutrons, both of which contain\n\nQuestion: What's Esja?", "output": "Esja is a  mountain situated in the south-west of Iceland, about ten kilometres north of Iceland's capital city Reykjav\u00edk."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jerry Lee Tagge (born April 12, 1950) is a former American football player. He played college football as quarterback at the University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln, where he led the Nebraska Cornhuskers to consecutive national championships in 1970 and 1971. Tagge played professionally with the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1972 to 1974, the San Antonio Wings of the World Football League (WFL) in 1975, and the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL) from 1977 to 1979. Early life Tagge was born at Offutt Air Force Base south of Omaha, Nebraska, the third child and second son of William Robert (Billy) Tagge and Lois Jurczyk Tagge. As a teenager in the mid-1960s in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Tagge sold concessions at Lambeau Field, the home of the Green Bay Packers, then coached by Vince Lombardi. He graduated from Green Bay West High School in 1968. College\n\nPort Vincent is a small town on the east coast of Yorke Peninsula in South Australia, 194 km from Adelaide by road. History The Narungga Aborigines inhabited the area prior to white settlement. The town was laid out by Adelaide solicitor L.M. Cullen in 1877, originally known as Surveyor's Point. In its early days it was a port exporting wheat, barley, wool and mallee stumps (firewood). From the first settlement in 1852 until 1877, coastal trading ketches would beach at high tide, and unload directly to farm wagons at low tide. A jetty was built into the bay in 1877, construction of a wharf began in 1901, and the original jetty was removed in 1918. Port Vincent was the main entry point for people and goods to and from the Yorke Peninsula until a good road was built from Port Wakefield in around 1949. Three major fuel companies had storage\n\nThe Marine Society is a British charity, the world's first established for seafarers. In 1756, at the beginning of the Seven Years' War against France, Austria, and Saxony (and subsequently the Mughal Empire, Spain, Russia and Sweden) Britain urgently needed to recruit men for the navy. Jonas Hanway (1712\u20131786), who had already made his mark as a traveller, Russia Company merchant, writer and philanthropist, must take the chief credit for founding the society which both contributed to the solution of that particular problem, and has continued for the next two and a half centuries to assist many thousands of young people in preparing for a career at sea. In 2004, in a merger with the Sea Cadet Association, the Marine Society & Sea Cadets was formed. Formation The Marine Society, the world's oldest public maritime charity, was an initiative of a group of London merchants and gentlemen, who first met\n\nQuestion: Who is Jerry Tagge", "output": "Jerry Lee Tagge is a former American football player."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "William Randall Daniels (born September 25, 1951), better known by the stage name Billy Dee, is a retired American adult film actor. Life and career Born and raised in San Diego, California, Daniels is of mixed ancestry, of Irish, Mexican and African heritage, one of six children; he has four brothers and a sister. He worked from the age of 11, often on his grandfather's farm milking the cows, and lost his virginity at 14 in a barn, although he did not have sex again until he was 17. By the early 1970s, he began appearing in short 8mm film loops, appearing in the first of them at age 24. By 1978, at age 27, he appeared in his first big-budget porn flick, The Legend Of Lady Blue with fellow porn stars Gloria Leonard and John Leslie. Daniels had the most prominent part of his career during the second-wave of\n\nMisterjaw is a 34-episode cartoon television series, produced at DePatie-Freleng Enterprises in 1976 for The Pink Panther Laugh and a Half Hour and a Half Show television series on NBC. Reruns continued on the Think Pink Panther Show on NBC through September 3, 1978. Plot Misterjaw (voiced by Arte Johnson) was a blue-colored great white shark (who wore a purple vest with white collar, a black bow tie and black top hat) who liked to leap out of the water and shout \"HEEGotcha!\" or \"Gotcha!\" at unsuspecting folks who would run off in terror. He spoke with a German accent and was known to mispronounce words, such as \"knucklehead\" pronounced as \"ka-nucklehead\". He also had a sidekick, a green-scaled, brown bowler hatted Brooklyn-accented catfish named Catfish (voiced by Arnold Stang) who usually referred to Misterjaw as \"Boss\" or \"Chief\"; Misterjaw usually called Catfish either \"pal-ly\", \"fella\" or \"sonny\" when in\n\nThe Open Polytechnic of New Zealand or Open Polytechnic (M\u0101ori: Kuratini Tuwhera) is a government-owned tertiary education institution operating as the specialist national provider of open and distance learning (ODL). On 1 April 2020, The Open Polytechnic became a subsidiary of New Zealand Institute of Skills & Technology alongside the 15 other Institutes of Technology and Polytechnics (ITPs). History The Polytechnic began life as the Technical Correspondence School in 1946, providing resettlement training for returned servicemen and women following World War II. In 1963 it became the Technical Correspondence Institute offering mainly theory training in trades subjects. The institution underwent a major transformation in 1990 when it was renamed The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand, going on to become a multi-faceted provider of ODL courses and services. Located in Lower Hutt near New Zealand's capital city Wellington, The Open Polytechnic provides tertiary education at a national level for 30,000 students\n\nQuestion: What is Misterjaw", "output": "Misterjaw is a 34-episode cartoon television series, produced at DePatie-Freleng Enterprises in 1976 for The Pink Panther Laugh and a Half Hour and a Half Show television series on NBC."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Christine of Hesse (29 June 1543 \u2013 13 May 1604) was Duchess consort of Holstein-Gottorp as the spouse of Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp. She exerted some political influence as a widow after 1586. Biography Christine was born in Kassel as a daughter of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse and his spouse Christine of Saxony. She was given a strict Protestant upbringing by her aunt Elizabeth, Dowager Duchess of Saxony. Christine received a proposal from King Eric XIV of Sweden, but this did not come about. Her wedding celebration resulted in a scandal, when the guests at the wedding reception consumed too much alcohol. In 1565, the Gottorf Castle was destroyed by fire, which cost her her personal possessions. As duchess, Christine supported churches and schools and scholarships to poor students in theology. She was interested in medicine, and also manufactured her own medicines. As a widow after 1586, Christine defended\n\nJahangir Shah Badsha (born 19 July 1949) is a former Bangladeshi cricketer who played in five One Day Internationals from 1986 to 1990. He is sometimes known on scoresheets by his nickname Badshah. Shah made his debut in the national side in 1979, and until his retirement in 1990, he was the most reliable all-rounder of the side. He was team's most effective new ball bowler, and as a batsman he contributed in different positions, as a tail ender, as a night watchman and occasionally as an opener as well. He was one of the players who took part in Bangladesh's first ever official ODI (against Pakistan at Moratuwa in 1986). Though he was out for a duck, he took 2/23 from 9 overs. Apart from being a successful cricketer, Shah was also a very competent footballer, and played for Abahani Krira Chakra until 1975. Bowling style He wasn't the\n\nA learning community is a group of people who share common academic goals and attitudes and meet semi-regularly to collaborate on classwork. Such communities have become the template for a cohort-based, interdisciplinary approach to higher education. This may be based on an advanced kind of educational or 'pedagogical' design. Community psychologists such as McMillan and Chavis (1986) state that four key factors defined a sense of community: \"(1) membership, (2) influence, (3) fulfilment of individuals needs and (4) shared events and emotional connections. So, the participants of learning community must feel some sense of loyalty and belonging to the group (membership) that drive their desire to keep working and helping others, also the things that the participants do must affect what happens in the community; that means, an active and not just a reactive performance (influence). Besides, a learning community must give a chance to the participants to meet particular\n\nQuestion: Who was Christine of Hesse?", "output": "Christine of Hesse was Duchess consort of Holstein-Gottorp as the spouse of Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Black Russian is a cocktail of vodka and kahlua. It contains 50 ml vodka and 20 ml coffee liqueur, per IBA specified ingredients. The drink is made by pouring the vodka and coffee liqueur over ice cubes or cracked ice in an old-fashioned glass and stirring. The Black Russian is often garnished with a lemon slice and a Luxardo maraschino cherry on a stick. History The Black Russian cocktail first appeared in 1949 and is ascribed to Gustave Tops, a Belgian barman, who created it at the Hotel Metropole in Brussels in honor of Perle Mesta, then United States Ambassador to Luxembourg. The cocktail owes its name to the use of vodka, a typical Russian spirit, and the blackness of the coffee liqueur. Variations Dirty Black Russian, tall Black Russian, Australian Black Russian or Colorado bulldog: served in a highball glass and topped up with cola. Black magic: served\n\nFelix Terry Finisterre is a Saint Lucian citizen and a sustainable tourism consultant. He is a former teacher, having served at St Aloysius Roman Catholic Boys' School, Corinth Junior Secondary and Teachers' Training College, which was absorbed as the Teacher Training Division of the Sir Arthur Lewis Community College. A Kellogg Fellow since 1989, Finisterre has worked with several local and regional development agencies, including the National Research & Development Foundation and Small Enterprise Assistance Project in Barbados. He was a Deputy Director of Tourism in the Saint Lucia Tourist Board, under then-Director Agnes Francis and then-Minister Romanus Lansiquot. Mr. Finisterre is the founding Director of the Saint Lucia Heritage Tourism Programme and of the Soufriere Regional Development Programme, which founded the Soufriere Marine Management Area. Mr. Finisterre is a member of the Saint Lucia Labour Party, and won the Babonneau seat in the House of Assembly in 2001. He\n\nHans Schemm (6 October 1891 \u2013 5 March 1935) was an educator who became a prominent Nazi Party official. He served as Gauleiter of Gau Bayreuth and Bavarian State Minister for Education and Culture until his death in an airplane accident. Early life Schemm, whose parents ran a shoemaker's shop, was born in Bayreuth. He attended volksschule for five years and then a teacher training preparatory school. From 1908 to 1910 he attended the Royal Bavarian Teachers' Seminar, a teachers' college in Altdorf bei N\u00fcrnberg. He taught school beginning in 1910, first in W\u00fclfersreuth, then as of 1911 in Neufang. In 1915 he got married; in 1917 a son was born. When the First World War broke out, Schemm was drafted and served as a medical attendant at a military epidemic hospital in Bayreuth. There he became infected with tuberculosis and, consequently, was discharged from military service on 26 August\n\nQuestion: Who is Hans Schemm?", "output": "Hans Schemm was an educator who became a prominent Nazi Party official."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nil\u00fcfer is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 552 km2, and its population is 536,365 (2022). Established in 1987, it is one of the seventeen districts of Bursa Province. It is established as the main residential development area of Bursa in order to meet the housing needs as well as industrial and commercial structures. Name origin The name of the district comes from Nil\u00fcfer River that passes through the district. Besides that also the name of the river comes from Nil\u00fcfer Hatun. According to traditional stories, Nil\u00fcfer Hatun ordered the building of a bridge over a river in Bursa and after the completion of bridge, both the river and the bridge were named \"Nil\u00fcfer\". History Nil\u00fcfer district hosting the first settlement in Bursa Region as per some researchers, bears the traces of both Byzantine and Ottoman and the older periods in history. In Nil\u00fcfer; Tepecik\n\n, also known by the stage name , was a Japanese voice actress. Yamauchi voiced Itchy and Maude Flanders on the Japanese dub of The Simpsons. Sayuri was formerly affiliated with Kyu Production and affiliated with Aigumi at the time of her death. On March 6, 2012, Yamauchi died of cancer and was 55 years old at the time of her death. Voice roles Anime The Big O: Vera Ronstadt The Brave Fighter of Legend Da-Garn: Hikaru Kosaka Crayon Shin-chan: Nanako Ohara, Lulu Lu Lulu Cyborg 009: 0012 Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood: Satella The King of Braves GaoGaiGar: Primada, Ikumi Kaidou, Ai Amami (Mamoru's mom) Saint of Braves Baan Gaan: Astral Mobile Suit Gundam Wing and Gundam Wing: Endless Waltz: Lady Une Outlaw Star: \"Twilight\" Suzuka Samurai Champloo: Osuzu Shaman King: Maya Shamanic Princess: Tiara Dubbing Live-action A.I. Artificial Intelligence: Monica Swinton (Frances O'Connor) Erin Brockovich: Donna Jensen (Marg Helgenberger) The\n\nLiquid metal embrittlement (also known as LME and liquid metal induced embrittlement) is a phenomenon of practical importance, where certain ductile metals experience drastic loss in tensile ductility or undergo brittle fracture when exposed to specific liquid metals. Generally, a tensile stress, either externally applied or internally present, is needed to induce embrittlement. Exceptions to this rule have been observed, as in the case of aluminium in the presence of liquid gallium. This phenomenon has been studied since the beginning of the 20th century. Many of its phenomenological characteristics are known and several mechanisms have been proposed to explain it. The practical significance of liquid metal embrittlement is revealed by the observation that several steels experience ductility losses and cracking during hot-dip galvanizing or during subsequent fabrication. Cracking can occur catastrophically and very high crack growth rates have been measured. Similar metal embrittlement effects can be observed even in the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Liquid metal embrittlement is.", "output": "Liquid metal embrittlement is a phenomenon of practical importance, where certain ductile metals experience drastic loss in tensile ductility or undergo brittle fracture when exposed to specific liquid metals."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Canwick is a village and civil parish in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish at the 2011 census was 324. It is situated south from Lincoln. The village overlooks the Witham Valley, where the River Witham follows an ice-age cut through the jurassic limestone ridge which forms the spine of the county. History Canwick has been continuously occupied since Saxon times (the name derives from \"Canna\u2019s Farm\" or \"Canna\u2019s Place\" in Anglo-Saxon), but there was a significant villa here in the Roman period. Canwick Anglican church is dedicated to All Saints. The fabric dates from the 12th, 14th and early 18th centuries, and the building was restored in the 19th century. It is a Saxon-era foundation, but was significantly improved by the same Norman bishops who built Lincoln Cathedral. The church is built on a Roman tesselated pavement, parts of which were found\n\nKenneth Joel Rothman (October 11, 1935 \u2013 April 26, 2019) was an American lawyer and politician from Missouri. He served as the 41st Lieutenant Governor of Missouri from 1981 to 1985. Biography Rothman was born and raised in St. Louis and attended public schools. He graduated from Washington University in St. Louis with a Bachelor of Arts in history and political science and also received his law degree from Washington University. Rothman served in the Missouri Air National Guard from 1953 to 1962 and was called to active duty during the Berlin Crisis of 1961. He worked as a prosecutor for St. Louis County before entering private law practice. Rothman's political career began with his election to the Missouri House of Representatives in 1962 representing the Clayton area. He was re-elected eight times. In 1973 he was chosen as Majority Leader and in 1976 he became Speaker of the House.\n\nJoseph Eneojo Akpala (born 24 August 1986) is a Nigerian former professional footballer who played as a forward. Since 2022, Akpala has been assistant coach at Kortrijk, taking over as caretaker coach for one match in September 2023, in between the dismissal of Edward Still and the appointment of Glen De Boeck. Club career Akpala is a product of the Pepsi Football Academy in Lagos. His first professional contract came in April 2003 with Bendel United Football Club, a Division One club in Benin City. He later joined Bendel Insurance FC, Benin City in the Premier Division of the Nigerian Professional League, in February 2005. He was to finish as joint top scorer with 13 goals in 19 games. Subsequently, Akpala was signed by the Royal Charleroi S.C. of Belgian Jupiler Pro League in January 2006. He wore the number 27 jersey. He had a very successful campaign in 2007\u201308\n\nQuestion: What is Canwick?", "output": "Canwick is a village and civil parish in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Joseph Fielding McConkie (April 3, 1941 \u2013 October 10, 2013) was a professor of Ancient Scripture at Brigham Young University (BYU) and an author or co-author of over 25 books. McConkie was a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and the son of Bruce R. McConkie and Amelia Smith McConkie. In 1966, he married Brenda Kempton in the Salt Lake Temple. McConkie was born in Salt Lake City, Utah and graduated from Olympus High School in 1959, received a Doctorate of Education from BYU in 1973 and was an LDS Chaplain in Vietnam. He served in many capacities in the LDS Church, including as president of the Scotland Edinburgh Mission from 1989 to 1992. He also served as president of a student stake at BYU and was an Institute Director in Seattle, Washington. Before retiring, McConkie taught at BYU as a Professor of Ancient\n\nWallace Telford John Murray (11 September 1931 \u2013 15 July 2004) was an Australian politician, elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly. He was a National Party member for the seat of Barwon from 1 May 1976 until 3 March 1995. He was Deputy Premier of New South Wales from 25 March 1988 until 26 May 1993. Murray had originally decided to stay on as Deputy Premier and National Party leader until his retirement at the 1995 state election but was persuaded to retire from Cabinet and thus as Deputy Premier and National Party leader early in May 1993 by Liberal Premier John Fahey due to Fahey's desire to reshuffle his Cabinet. References 1931 births 2004 deaths Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly National Party of Australia members of the Parliament of New South Wales Deputy Premiers of New South Wales Officers of the\n\nRobin Oake is the former Chief Constable of the Isle of Man Constabulary and before that Assistant Chief Constable of Greater Manchester Police. He was Chief Constable of the Isle of Man from 1986 to 1999, when he was succeeded by Mike Culverhouse. He is the father of Detective Constable Stephen Oake, who was stabbed to death while attempting to arrest an Al Qaeda suspect. He was nominated for the George Cross, but was instead awarded the Queen's Gallantry Medal. Oake wrote the book Father Forgive: The Forgotten 'F' Word following his son's murder. Robin is a strong evangelical Christian, like Stephen Oake was, and publicly forgave his son's murderer. He is chairman of the Isle of Man Commonwealth Games Association. Footnotes References Forgiveness of killer Reactions to Stephen Oake's death, BBC Manchester Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Manx Chief Constables British police chief officers English recipients\n\nQuestion: Who is Wal Murray?", "output": "Wallace Telford John Murray was an Australian politician, elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "is a short opera in one act by Italian composer Italo Montemezzi. Its libretto was written by playwright Sem Benelli who had previously collaborated with the composer on his most famous opera, L'amore dei tre re. Benelli finished the text in 1933, and Montemezzi started work on the score, but the composer's unpleasant relationship with Mussolini's government made Italy inconducive to creative work. Montemezzi resumed work on L'incantesimo during the summer of 1943 in Beverly Hills, his home during a 10-year sojourn in the United States. Upon completion of the score, he offered it to the NBC Symphony, professing admiration for their orchestra. Performance history L'incantesimo received its broadcast premiere on October 9, 1943, in New York City. The composer conducted the NBC Symphony Orchestra. The opera's stage premiere took place on 9 August 1952, in Verona, Italy, only a few months after Montemezzi's death. The following year, L'incantesimo was\n\nwas a Japanese samurai lord who was the daimyo of Shimabara Domain and the head of the Hizen-Arima clan. In his early years, he was a retainer of Ry\u016bz\u014dji clan. Biography Harunobu was born in Hinoe Castle, the Arima clan castle that controlled the Shimabara area of Hizen Province. He was the second son and successor of Arima Yoshisada. After Yoshisada's death, he began the persecution of Kirishitan in his region. With Ry\u016bz\u014dji Takanobu expanding into his domain, Harunobu turned to the help of the Jesuits. Harunobu was baptized by Alessandro Valignano in 1579. His conversion was spurred by the prospects of the goods and military assistance offered by the Portuguese. He took the baptismal name Protasius, and later took the name John when he received Confirmation. As a result of his conversion to Christianity, Harunobu started to receive weapons from the Portuguese, which strengthened the Arima clan. Harunobu also\n\nDrygarn Fawr is a mountain in the county of Powys, Wales. It is one of the highest summits in Mid Wales at above sea level. It lies to the south of the Elan Valley Reservoirs. Rising above the remote moorland plateau of the Cambrian Mountains, and to the west of the peaks of Radnor Forest, the summit is topped by two distinctive, large cairns. The mountain has a gentle, grassy, conical shape with a few rocks near the summit. Nearby are the summits of Gorllwyn, Y Gamriw, and Drum yr Eira all over 600m. Access There are two paths to the summit. From Llannerch Yrfa, a bridleway winds up through forests in the Nant y Fedw valley before skirting the southern edge of the mountain. An alternative route may be taken starting from Rhiwnant on the edge of the Caban Coch reservoir, one of the Elan Valley Reservoirs, and following\n\nQuestion: What's Drygarn Fawr?", "output": "Drygarn Fawr is a mountain in the county of Powys, Wales."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kl\u00fcver\u2013Bucy syndrome is a syndrome resulting from bilateral lesions of the medial temporal lobe (including amygdaloid nucleus). Kl\u00fcver\u2013Bucy syndrome may present with compulsive eating, hypersexuality, insertion of inappropriate objects in the mouth (hyperorality), visual agnosia, and docility. Kl\u00fcver\u2013Bucy syndrome is more commonly found in rhesus monkeys, where the condition was first documented, than in humans. Pathology on the syndrome is still controversial with Norman Geschwind's theory and Muller theory offering different explanations for the condition. Treatment for Kl\u00fcver\u2013Bucy syndrome is minimal with no current cure. Symptoms The list of symptoms generally include the following: Docility, characterized by exhibiting diminished fear responses or reacting with unusually low aggression. This has also been termed \"placidity\" or \"tameness\". Dietary changes and hyperphagia, characterized by eating inappropriate objects (pica), or overeating, or both. Hyperorality, described by Ozawa et al. as \"an oral tendency, or compulsion to examine objects by mouth\". Hypersexuality, characterized by a\n\nKiller Condom () is a 1996 comedy horror film directed by from a screenplay he co-wrote with Ralf K\u00f6nig, based on the comic books Kondom des Grauens and Bis auf die Knochen (Down to the Bones) by K\u00f6nig. It was distributed in the United States by Troma Entertainment, which promoted the film at the Cannes Film Festival with the help of \"a six-foot-long fanged condom\". Plot In the seedy parts of New York City, gay Detective Luigi Mackeroni has been hired to investigate a series of bizarre attacks at the Hotel Quickie in which male guests have all had their penises mysteriously bitten off. While at the crime scene, he enlists the services of a gigolo named Billy and invites him up to the crime room. Before the two men engage in sex, a carnivorous living condom interrupts them and bites off Mackeroni's right testicle. Now on a personal vendetta,\n\nHans Coray (1906\u20131991) was a Swiss artist and furniture designer, best known for his 1938 Landi chair. He was born on 9 June 1906 in Wald, Zurich, and died on 22 November 1991 in Zurich. He studied Romance languages at the University of Zurich and obtained his doctorate in 1929. In 1930, he set up as a furniture designer. With Anton Stankowski, Richard P. Lohse, Heiri Steiner, Hans Neuburg, Hans Fischli, Verena Loewensberg, Max Bill and others, he formed a cultural group in connection with the Zurich School of Concrete. His most significant project is the Landi chair, which was a winning entry for the . Coray is known for the functionality and simplicity of his designs, and is considered a pioneer of industrial design. Since 2004, his Landi chair has featured on a series of Swiss postage stamps that has Swiss \"design classic\" as its theme. External links Short\n\nQuestion: What's Kl\u00fcver\u2013Bucy syndrome?", "output": "Kl\u00fcver\u2013Bucy syndrome is a syndrome resulting from bilateral lesions of the medial temporal lobe."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Lumen Technologies Building in Minneapolis, Minnesota was completed in 1932 and became the tallest building to be built in the city during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. Named for its current owner, it was previously known as the CenturyLink Building, Qwest Building and the Northwestern Bell Telephone Building. Originally standing 346 feet (105 m) tall, the structure grew to 416 feet (127 m) with the addition of a microwave antenna \"crown\" in 1958, followed by the addition of a second tier of microwave antennas in 1972. It was the second-tallest building in the city after the slightly older Foshay Tower for many years, and stands slightly taller than the tower of its neighbor, Minneapolis City Hall. The building has many small details on the exterior, including electric bolts and a stylized bird above the main entrance. When under construction, an unusual move was made by stripping a 1920s Northwestern\n\nAqsis is a free rendering suite compliant with the RenderMan standard. It is available under the BSD, previously under GPL. Its main author and project manager is Paul Gregory. The Aqsis project consists of a renderer, shader compiler and a few other supporting components. Like the original PRMan from Pixar, it is an implementation of the Reyes rendering algorithm, which is famous for its high speed and efficiency in handling even very large scenes, and has good support for displacement shaders. Like many other open source projects, Aqsis is hosted on SourceForge and is in continuous and active development. Because of its Reyes heritage, Aqsis lacks some advanced global illumination features like ray tracing, although active efforts are underway to support some such features. Its current stable version is 1.8.2. The MakeHuman project uses Aqsis to produce realistic renderings of the human body. References External links Home page wiki.aqsis.org -\n\nTolfa is a town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Rome, in the Lazio region of central Italy; it lies to the ENE of Civitavecchia by road. It is the main center in the Monti della Tolfa, an extinct volcanic group between Civitavecchia and the Lake of Bracciano. History A town of medieval origin in the orbit of Viterbo, it was assumed into the Papal States and granted first to the Capocci family, and then to the Roman nobles Ludovico and Pietro Frangipani who walled the community. Tolfa achieved sudden importance following the discovery there in 1461 of large deposits of alunite, the source of alum, with the result that direct control was assumed, after some confrontations with the Frangipani, by the Camera Apostolica. Alum was an essential mordant in the textile industry, which was central to the Late Medieval and Early Modern Italian economy. Previously, the only supplies\n\nQuestion: What is Lumen Technologies Building", "output": "The Lumen Technologies Building in Minneapolis, Minnesota was completed in 1932 and became the tallest building to be built in the city during the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "We Have A Right () is a political campaign launched to protect personal freedoms in Bahrain by the society of liberal intellectuals, Al Muntada, on 22 November 2005. The aim of the We Have A Right campaign is to counter the threat to civil liberties posed by religious extremist parties that dominate the political space opened up by the extensive reforms of King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa since 1999. Both Sunni and Shia Islamist parties have used their new freedom to operate to try to curtail individual rights by seeking to pass legislation to force gender segregation at the University of Bahrain, ban consumption of alcohol and introduce Sharia Law. According to an Al Muntada spokesman, We Have A Right was launched \"to decry threats to Bahrain's civil society and individual freedom by waves of extremism, fanaticism, intolerance and intellectual terrorism.\" Adel Fakhro, the chairman of the Al Muntada,\n\nSunk Island is a Crown Estate village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It lies south of Ottringham and to the north of the Humber Estuary. The Greenwich Meridian passes through the east of the parish. According to the 2011 UK census, Sunk Island parish had a population of 228, an increase on the 2001 UK census figure of 224. History Sunk Island originated as a sand bank in the Humber Estuary; at first it was open sea, then sand accumulated there until visible at low tides, then at all tides. Colonel Anthony Gilby made the outer banks, empoldering it and making it useful for pasturage, under lease/gift from the crown. By the reign of Charles I of England, it was said to form a island, from the mainland. From 1663, the land around it was gradually drained, and by the mid-18th century, the channel separating\n\nMetal Slug Advance is a run and gun video game for the Game Boy Advance handheld system created by SNK Playmore in 2004, and is canon to the Metal Slug series. Storyline A survival training camp for new Peregrine Falcon recruits has just begun, where the recruits must survive on an unnamed island with limited supplies and weaponry. However, a large blimp begins to hover above the island, as General Morden's troops parachute down and attempt to build a new base, while successfully capturing many of the new recruits. Players play as either new recruits Walter Ryan or Tyra Elson as the survival training soon becomes a full-fledged assignment for the remaining recruits as they pierce through enemy lines. Gameplay The gameplay is very similar to any other Metal Slug game, but with two new systems; the life system, and the card system. The life system is simply a life\n\nQuestion: Define We Have a Right.", "output": "We Have A Right is a political campaign launched to protect personal freedoms in Bahrain by the society of liberal intellectuals, Al Muntada, on 22 November 2005."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Simon 'Presti' Prestigiacomo (born 31 January 1978) is a retired Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club in the Australian Football League. Playing career Early career: forward line As a tall youngster that was capable as a strong forward that could also play in the midfield, Prestigiacomo was drafted from Research Junior Football Club at pick 10 in the 1995 AFL Draft. He was given guernsey number 35, made famous by Collingwood legend Peter Daicos. He made his debut against the West Coast Eagles in Round 11, 1996. His form was good enough for him to play the final twelve games in his debut year. In 1997 his career was threatened to be almost over after contracting glandular fever throughout the season. He only managed six matches. He also struggled during the 1998 season with shoulder injuries, playing ten games and kicking two goals for the year.\n\nCallaway Resort & Gardens is a resort complex located near Pine Mountain in Harris County, Georgia, from LaGrange, Georgia. The world's largest azalea garden, this destination draws over 750,000 visitors annually. Callaway Gardens was ranked as Best Georgia Attraction in 2018 by USA Today. On April 6, 2022, Herschend Family Entertainment agreed to purchase Callaway Garden's revenue-producing assets from the Ida Cason Callaway Foundation. History and expansion When the Great Depression struck in 1929, much of Harris County land was former cotton fields that were \"worn out\", depleted of nutrients after nearly 100 years of cultivation. Former Callaway Mills Chairman Cason Callaway and his wife, Virginia, acquired vast tracts of property in stages, eventually reaching . Callaway originally conceived of developing the garden in 1930 after he discovered a rare azalea, Rhododendron prunifolium (plumleaf), growing in the area. To create the garden, streams were dammed creating 13 lakes; bulldozers filled\n\nThe Staatliches Bauhaus (), commonly known as the , was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts. The school became famous for its approach to design, which attempted to unify individual artistic vision with the principles of mass production and emphasis on function. Along with the doctrine of functionalism, the Bauhaus initiated the conceptual understanding of architecture and design. The Bauhaus was founded by architect Walter Gropius in Weimar. It was grounded in the idea of creating a Gesamtkunstwerk (\"comprehensive artwork\") in which all the arts would eventually be brought together. The Bauhaus style later became one of the most influential currents in modern design, modernist architecture, and architectural education. The Bauhaus movement had a profound influence on subsequent developments in art, architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and typography. Staff at the Bauhaus included prominent artists such as Paul\n\nQuestion: Define Bauhaus.", "output": "The Staatliches Bauhaus, commonly known as the , was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Carlos Leal (born 9 July 1969) is a Swiss rapper and actor. Leal was born in Lausanne to Galician immigrants. In 1990, he co-founded Sens Unik. The group produced four gold records and contributed music to the films La Haine (1995) and Neutre (2001). He produced videos with Sens Unik, and after making an appearance in the documentary Babylon 2 (1993), Leal decided to pursue a serious acting career. He trained under director Jack Garfein at The Actors Studio in Paris. He made his film debut in Week End Break (2002), a comedy short film, which led to roles in a number of French and Swiss productions. In 2005, Leal appeared in the Swiss film , in his first major cinematic role. For his performance, he was awarded the prize for Best Actor at the Africa Film Festival, and Swiss Film Prize for Best Performance in a Leading Role. In\n\nSvein Roald Hansen (born 20 August 1949 in Fredrikstad) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. Before entering politics he worked as a journalist, later being editor-in-chief in Sarpsborg Arbeiderblad 1990\u20131992. During the second cabinet Brundtland, Hansen was appointed political advisor in the Office of the Prime Minister, having been the personal advisor of Brundtland from 1983. He later, during the third cabinet Brundtland, became a State Secretary in the Office of the Prime Minister from 1992 to 1995. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from \u00d8stfold in 2001, and has been re-elected on one occasion. On the local level he was member of Borge municipal council from 1983 to 1993, then its successor municipality Fredrikstad from 1993 to 2007, serving as mayor from during the term 1995\u20131999. He was the president of the Norwegian branch of the European Movement since 2003. In 2009 he was succeeded by\n\nBlonde Vinyl was an independent record label founded in 1990 by Michael Knott. The Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music describes the label as \"one of Christian music's first true indie labels.\" Background Blonde Vinyl signed bands with styles that were viable in the underground of the general market but rarely found their way into the Christian market\u2014old school punk, garage rock, grunge, gothic, EBM/industrial, synthpop/house, spoken word, acoustic pop. Blonde Vinyl folded in 1993 when its distributor, Spectra, went bankrupt. After bankruptcy, Knott attempted to resurrect Blonde Vinyl under the name Siren Records. Siren managed two releases before going bankrupt: World Tour by LSU Cash in Chaos and Beautiful Dazzling Music No. 1 by Rainbow Rider (Dance House Children). After the failure of Siren, Knott started the band Aunt Bettys. Sub-labels Three sub-labels were created to further classify the diverse musical styles that were being released on Blonde Vinyl: Voice\n\nQuestion: Who is Carlos Leal", "output": "Carlos Leal is a Swiss rapper and actor."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Amy Records was a record label formed in 1960 as a subsidiary of Bell Records. Artists who had success on Amy included Al Brown's Tunetoppers with \"The Madison\" (Amy 804 charted #23), a dance tune in 1960, Joey Powers with \"Midnight Mary\" (Amy 892 charted #10 in 1964), Del Shannon's 1964 recordings of \"Handy Man\" (Amy 905 charted #22) and \"Keep Searchin'\" (Amy 915 charted #9). Lee Dorsey hit with \"Ride Your Pony\" in 1965 (Amy 927 charted #28) and \"Working in the Coal Mine\" in 1966 (Amy 958 charted #8). Paul Simon, (pre-dating Simon & Garfunkel), together with the children's music producer and songwriter Bobby Susser, released records in 1961 and 1962 under the names Tico and the Triumphs with \"Motorcycle\" (Amy 835 charted #97) and Jerry Landis with \"Lone Teen Ranger\" (Amy 875 charted #99\") with little success as did garage band Kinetic Energy with their version of\n\nThe Combined Communications-Electronics Board (CCEB) is a five-nation joint military communications-electronics (C-E) organisation whose mission is the coordination of any military C-E matter that is referred to it by a member nation. The member nations of the CCEB are Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The CCEB is the Sponsoring Authority for all Allied Communications Publications (ACPs). ACPs are raised and issued under common agreement between the member nations. The goal of the CCEB is to enhance the interoperability of communications systems among the military forces of the ABCA countries. The CCEB directs the activities of subordinate working groups charged with exchanging operational, procedural, and technical information in defined areas. CCEB products include Allied Communications Publications, Information Exchange Action Items, and CCEB publications. The U.S. CCEB representative is the Joint Chiefs of Staff Director for C4 Systems (J-6). The U.S. Army provides technical representatives to\n\nThe Monmouth Cup Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for three-years-old and older run over a distance of miles annually in early July at Monmouth Park in Oceanport, New Jersey. The event currently offers a purse of $400,000 added. History The event was inaugurated as the Meadowlands Cup and held at the Meadowlands Racetrack on 29 October 1977 and was won by Pay Tribute who was trained by the Hall of Fame trainer Ron McAnally and ridden by Hall of Fame jockey \u00c1ngel Cordero Jr. by lengths in a time of over the miles distance. The event was the signature event at the Meadowlands track with its high stakes attracting class horses. Within two years when champion three-year-old Spectacular Bid won the event in stakes record time it was classed as Grade II. The event was upgraded to Grade I in 1983. The event was decreased to\n\nQuestion: What's Combined Communications-Electronics Board?", "output": "The Combined Communications-Electronics Board is a five-nation joint military communications-electronics organisation whose mission is the coordination of any military C-E matter that is referred to it by a member nation."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Augusts Kirhen\u0161teins, formerly spelt Kirchen\u0161teins (18 September 1872 \u2013 3 November 1963), was a Latvian and Soviet microbiologist, politician and educator. He was the de facto prime minister of Latvia from 20 June 1940 to 25 August 1940 and Acting de facto President of Latvia from 21 July 1940 to 25 August 1940. It was Kirhen\u0161teins' Soviet puppet government that requested the incorporation of Latvia into the Soviet Union after the occupation of the country in 1940. He became a member of the Communist Party in 1941. He was Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic 1940\u20131952. Biography Augusts Kirhen\u0161teins was born on 18 September 1872 on the estate of Valtenberg Manor in Mazsalaca, in the Governorate of Livonia. He was the eldest son of the tenant M\u0101rti\u0146\u0161 Kirhen\u0161teins and his wife Baba, in a family of eleven children. Augusts Kirhen\u0161teins' younger brother,\n\nArumuka Navalar (; 18 December 1822 \u2013 5 December 1879) was a Sri Lankan Shaivite Tamil language scholar, polemicist, and a religious reformer who was central in reviving native Hindu Tamil traditions in Sri Lanka and India. Navalar's birth name was Nallur Arumuga Pillai. He was born in a Tamil literary family, and became one of the Jaffna Tamils notable for reviving, reforming and reasserting the Hindu Shaivism tradition during the colonial era. As an assistant working for Peter Percival \u2013 a Methodist Christian missionary, he helped translate the King James Bible into the Tamil language.he established Hindu schools and published a press in order to publish reading materials for Hindu children to educate them on Hindu religion and also practice and rituals of Hindu religion. With his knowledge of Christian theological premises, Navalar became influential in creating a period of intense religious rivalry with Christian missionaries, defending Tamils and\n\nKong Jie (; born 25 November 1982) is a Chinese professional Go player. Biography Kong Jie turned professional in 1994 at the age of 12. He was promoted to 7-dan after eight years in 2001. In 2004 he was sent into the Teda Cup as China's representative against Lee Chang-ho and Yoda Norimoto. Kong Jie is China's 29th professional 9-dan, doing so by being runner-up in the 13th Samsung Cup, and entering the finals of the Asian TV Cup for the first time. In 2009, Kong Jie achieved a major international breakthrough by winning the Asian TV Cup\u2014defeating Korea's top three players of Lee Sedol, Lee Chang-ho and Kang Dongyun respectively. His win marked the end of several years of poor personal international results. Later in the year, Kong Jie followed up by reaching the semi-finals of the 14th Samsung Cup and won the title by defeating his two compatriots\n\nQuestion: Who was Augusts Kirhen\u0161teins?", "output": "Augusts Kirhen\u0161teins, formerly spelt Kirchen\u0161teins, was a Latvian and Soviet microbiologist, politician and educator."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Craig Roberts Stapleton (born 1945) is an American diplomat and businessman. He served as Ambassador to France and the Czech Republic during the administrations of President George W. Bush. Biography Early life Craig Stapleton was born in Kansas City, Missouri, the son of Katherine Histed Hall and Benjamin Franklin Stapleton Jr. His grandfather, Benjamin F. Stapleton, was a politician who served five terms as mayor of Denver. He received his secondary school education at Phillips Exeter Academy and a B.A. (magna cum laude) from Harvard University. He received his M.B.A. from Harvard Business School. His wife, Dorothy Walker Stapleton, is a first cousin of former U.S. president George H. W. Bush. Career Stapleton served as President of Marsh and McLennan Real Estate Advisors of New York from 1982 until 2001. From 1989 to 1998 Stapleton co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team with George W. Bush. He has served on the\n\nJames Cruze (born Jens Cruz Bosen; March 27, 1884 \u2013 August 3, 1942) was a silent film actor and film director. Early life Born Jens Cruz Bosen in Ogden, Utah of Mormon parents, Cruze acquired his middle name solely by virtue of his birth date. As Cruze's longtime friend and colleague, actor Luke Cosgrave, explained in a 1930 interview: Did you hear how Jimmy and I came together? I was playing in Boise with Charley Murray and we needed a young fellow for the good looking hero parts and I wired for Chester Stevens, who was in San Francisco, sending him a ticket to Boise. He got a job right then and handed the ticket to another young fellow. I met the train two days after I had expected Chester and thought how young he seemed. He soon informed me that he was not Chester but Jens Bosen of Ogden.\n\nThe Nguy\u1ec5n lords (, \u4e3b\u962e; 1558\u20131777, 1780\u20131802), also known as the Nguy\u1ec5n clan (\u962e\u6c0f, Nguy\u1ec5n th\u1ecb), were the rulers of southern \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t during the Revival L\u00ea dynasty and ancestors of Nguy\u1ec5n dynasty's emperors. The territory they ruled was known contemporarily as \u0110\u00e0ng Trong (Inner Realm) and by Europeans as Cochinchina, in opposition to the Tr\u1ecbnh lords ruling northern \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, known then as \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i (Outer Realm). Both Nguy\u1ec5n and Tr\u1ecbnh lords were de jure subordinates of the L\u00ea dynasty. The Nguy\u1ec5n lords were members of the House of Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac. While they recognized the authority of and claimed to be loyal subjects of the revival L\u00ea dynasty, they were de facto rulers of southern \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t. Meanwhile, the Tr\u1ecbnh lords ruled northern \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t in the name of the L\u00ea emperor, who was in reality a puppet ruler. They fought a series of long and bitter wars that\n\nQuestion: Who is James Cruze", "output": "James Cruze was a silent film actor and film director."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mario Jerrel Williams (born January 31, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the NC State Wolfpack, and was selected first overall by the Houston Texans in the 2006 NFL Draft. A four-time Pro Bowl selection, he has also played for the Buffalo Bills and Miami Dolphins. Early years Williams attended Richlands High School in Richlands, North Carolina, where he was a two-sport star in football and track. He recorded 87 tackles, 13 sacks, 22 tackles for loss, five forced fumbles, two fumble recoveries, and five blocked kicks as a senior. Also played running back as a senior because of injuries at that position, rushing for 590 yards and three touchdowns on 58 carries. As a junior, he recorded over 100 tackles. He was selected to the 2002 North Carolina Shrine Bowl team\n\nKitsilano Secondary School is a public secondary school in the Kitsilano neighbourhood of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The school has several district programs including French immersion and on-site pre-employment. Advanced Placement courses are also offered. The school The first students selected royal blue and gold as the school colours, based on those at Aberdeen University (the Alma Mater of one of their teachers); the first Latin classes chose \"Fiat Lux\" (Let there be light) as the school motto. The original school crest was designed by Mr. S. P. Judge, the first art teacher at Kitsilano, and although the crest has undergone some slight changes over the decades, it still proudly displays the colours and motto. The school is particularly well known for the numerous television and film productions which have been filmed there. Disturbing Behavior, Big Bully, Anything for Love, The Santa Claus 2, 21 Jump Street, and Party of\n\nWDKY-TV (channel 56) is a television station licensed to Danville, Kentucky, United States, serving the Lexington area as an affiliate of the Fox network. The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group and maintains studios on Euclid Avenue in Lexington's Chevy Chase neighborhood and a transmitter southeast of the city off Interstate 75. Built as the market's first independent station in early 1986, the station has been affiliated with Fox since the network started later that year. It has aired local newscasts since 1995, first in partnership with another local station, WKYT-TV, and since 2022 on an independent basis. History On December 29, 1982, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted a construction permit to Robert Bertram, an attorney, to build a new channel 56 television station at Danville. However, it took more than three years to get the station built. Officials with the Kentucky Airport Zoning Commission fretted over proximity\n\nQuestion: Define WDKY-TV.", "output": "WDKY-TV is a television station licensed to Danville, Kentucky, United States, serving the Lexington area as an affiliate of the Fox network."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Clara Louisa Wells (29 October 1838 \u2013 28 December 1925) was an American writer and inventor. Biography She was born in Maine, studied in Boston and took a degree in science. She had very good knowledge of Latin, Greek, Italian and French. She started work with her first publication, \"Alban Hills - Vol. I - Frascati\". Throughout her life she continued to write in Europe - (France) and America. Near the end of her life she wrote a series of peace pamphlets on the League of Nations and European politic. One copy of each of her French works is kept in the public library \"M\u00e9diath\u00e8que Publique et Universitaire\" de Valence (Drome) - France. Publications 1906 Arrondissement of Valence in the Department of the Drome - France - ed. L'imprimerie valentinoise - Valence - Drome - Pos. A 525 Archives d\u00e9partementales de Valence - France 1915 A League between Nation -\n\nWild Woody is a 1995 platform video game developed and published by Sega for the Sega CD. The game's premise is centered on the eponymous character, an anthropomorphic pencil who must gather the scattered segments of the totem pole that brought him to life. Woody is capable of erasing enemies and obstacles as well as creating sketches to destroy enemies or improve his navigation. Wild Woody was developed by Sega Multimedia Studio and regarded by its development team as a swan song for the Sega CD platform; Sega Multimedia Studio also dissolved by the time of its release. Wild Woody includes 3D-rendered cutscenes featuring motion capture animation for Woody. The game was poorly received by critics for its controls and visuals, and it failed to make a commercial impact. Gameplay Wild Woody is a side-scrolling platform game in which the player controls the titular character Woody, an anthropomorphic pencil. Woody\n\nWard LeRoy Churchill (born October 2, 1947) is an American author and political activist. He was a professor of ethnic studies at the University of Colorado Boulder from 1990 until 2007. The primary focus of his work is on the historical treatment of political dissenters and Native Americans by the United States government. His work features controversial views, written in a direct, often confrontational style. While Churchill has claimed Native American ancestry, genealogical research has failed to unearth such ancestry and he is not a member of a tribe. In January 2005, Churchill's 2001 essay \"On the Justice of Roosting Chickens\" gained attention. In the work, he argued the September 11 attacks were a natural and unavoidable consequence of unlawful U.S. foreign policy over the latter half of the 20th century; the essay is known for Churchill's use of the phrase \"little Eichmanns\" to describe the \"technocratic corps\" working in\n\nQuestion: Who was Clara Louisa Wells?", "output": "Clara Louisa Wells was an American writer and inventor."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Martin Tony Waikwa Olsson (born 17 May 1988) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a left back for Malm\u00f6 FF and the Sweden national team. Olsson signed for Blackburn Rovers from H\u00f6gaborgs BK in January 2006. In 2013, Premier League side Norwich City signed him for an undisclosed fee. In January 2017, he left Norwich to join Swansea until 2019. In 2020, he signed with Allsvenskan club Helsingborgs IF in his native Sweden before moving on to represent both BK H\u00e4cken and Malm\u00f6 FF. A full international since 2010, Olsson has won more than 50 caps for the Sweden national team and has represented his country at UEFA Euro 2012 and 2016 as well as the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Club career Blackburn Rovers Olsson began his playing career in Sweden by playing for H\u00f6gaborgs BK, where former national star Henrik Larsson began his career. Olsson was working\n\nJordanhill railway station is a side-platformed suburban railway station in the Jordanhill area in the West End of Glasgow, Scotland. The station, which is governed by Transport Scotland and managed by ScotRail, lies on the Argyle Line and the North Clyde Line. In operation since 1887, the station stemmed losses for an area that was in decline. It is located near the Jordanhill Campus of the University of Strathclyde and sits atop Crow Road, an important western thoroughfare in Glasgow and the main route to the Clyde Tunnel. The station is five stops and eleven minutes' journey time from on the Argyle Line. History Early history The station opened on 1 August 1887 as part of the Glasgow, Yoker and Clydebank Railway. Construction of the station structure was not completed until 1895, with modular-design wooden buildings, commonly seen on the new suburban railway lines, being built on both platforms. This\n\nThe Community of Democratic Choice is an intergovernmental organization established on 2 December 2005, by nine states of Northern, Central and Eastern Europe in Kyiv, Ukraine. It was mainly signed by countries from the region between the Baltic, Black Sea and Caspian Sea (\"The three Seas\"). Its main task is to promote democracy, human rights, and the rule of law throughout the region. Membership Founding member states: Observer countries/organizations: Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) History The creation of the Community of Democratic Choice was foreshadowed by the Borjomi Declaration of August 2005, a joint statement signed by the Presidents of Georgia and Ukraine, Mikheil Saakashvili and Viktor Yushchenko, which envisioned the Community as a \"powerful instrument for removing the remaining divisions in the region, tackling human rights violations, and any type of confrontation, or frozen conflicts\". The Community of Democratic Choice was subsequently established in Kyiv during\n\nQuestion: What is Jordanhill railway station", "output": "Jordanhill railway station is a side-platformed suburban railway station in the Jordanhill area in the West End of Glasgow, Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Weapons-grade nuclear material is any fissionable nuclear material that is pure enough to make a nuclear weapon or has properties that make it particularly suitable for nuclear weapons use. Plutonium and uranium in grades normally used in nuclear weapons are the most common examples. (These nuclear materials have other categorizations based on their purity.) Only fissile isotopes of certain elements have the potential for use in nuclear weapons. For such use, the concentration of fissile isotopes uranium-235 and plutonium-239 in the element used must be sufficiently high. Uranium from natural sources is enriched by isotope separation, and plutonium is produced in a suitable nuclear reactor. Experiments have been conducted with uranium-233 (the fissile material at the heart of the thorium fuel cycle). Neptunium-237 and some isotopes of americium might be usable, but it is not clear that this has ever been implemented. The latter substances are part of the minor\n\nByram is a neighborhood/section and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Greenwich in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It had a population of 4,146 at the 2010 census, and a census-estimated population of 4,216 in 2018. An endcap of Connecticut's Gold Coast, Byram is the southernmost point in the town of Greenwich and the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is separated from Port Chester, Westchester County, New York, by the Byram River. Byram was once known as East Port Chester. History The town of Greenwich is one political and taxing body, but consists of several distinct sections or neighborhoods, such as Banksville, Byram, Cos Cob, Glenville, Mianus, Old Greenwich, Riverside and Greenwich (sometimes referred to as central, or downtown, Greenwich). Of these neighborhoods, three (Cos Cob, Old Greenwich, and Riverside) have separate postal names and ZIP codes. Byram Quarry, now closed, supplied stone for the Brooklyn Bridge, the base\n\nCasa Cap\u0219a is a historic restaurant in Bucharest, Romania, first established in 1852. At various times it has also included a hotel; most recently, it reopened as a 61-room hotel 17 June 2003. \"\u2026long a symbol of Bucharest for its inhabitants\u2026 Cap\u0219a is not only associated with its exquisite pastry products, but also for a hectic literary life of yore\u2026 a welcoming place for Romanian writers where they could meet, talk and\u2026associate.\" The restaurant stands on Calea Victoriei at the corner of Edgar Quinet Street, across from the Hotel Capitol and diagonally across from the Palace of the National Military Circle. The restaurant, confectionery, and coffee house In 1852, Anton and Vasile Cap\u0219a founded the first confectionery shop on Calea Victoriei, somewhat north of the present Casa Cap\u0219a, which was founded by their younger brother Grigore Cap\u0219a (1841-1902) in 1868. Anton and Vasile had financed Grigore through four years of\n\nQuestion: What is Byram, Connecticut?", "output": "Byram is a neighborhood/section and census-designated place in the town of Greenwich in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kim Hyung-gon (; May 31, 1960 \u2013 March 11, 2006) was one of the most influential and famous comedians by the time of his death in South Korea. He debuted in 1980, and enjoyed success since then. His comedy routine depicted political figures and corruptions during the time when free speech and other human rights were denied in South Korea. He was also known for making phrase \"\uc798 \ub3fc\uc57c \ud560 \ud150\ub370\" a hit during the 1990s.Kim also had a nickname called \"Samgyeopsal of terror.\" Life Kim was born in Yeongcheon, and as his father was a soldier, he had to move schools multiple times. He participated in a fight for democracy and debuted as a comedian in 1980 at the Tongyang Broadcasting Company comedy contest. Kim was popular for the comedy sketch \"Biryong group\", which satirized the figures from the fifth republic. Death Kim died of a heart attack in\n\nGiule\u0219ti () is a neighbourhood in northwestern Bucharest, located in Sector 6. The Giule\u0219ti Stadium, Giule\u0219ti Theatre, Podul Grant are located in Giule\u0219ti. Also, the Grivi\u021ba Railway Yards and Lacul Morii are located nearby. History The area was inhabited for millennia and it gives its name to the neolithic Giule\u0219ti-Boian culture, the middle phase of the Boian culture, which inhabited in the 4th millennium BC Muntenia and later expanded into southern Moldavia and southern Transylvania. In the Middle Ages it was a village, later incorporated into Chiajna Commune, and absorbed into Bucharest in 1939. In the early 1960s a number of 4 storey apartment buildings were raised in the era, initially named as the Constructorilor housing estate. A few years later on the Giulesti avenue in the mid 1960s 8 storey apartment buildings were raised, along with the Prunaru market next to the stadium. It wasn't until the 1980s when\n\nAron Nimzowitsch (, , Aron Isayevich Nimtsovich; 7 November 1886 \u2013 16 March 1935) was a Latvian born-Danish chess player and writer. In the late 1920s, Nimzowitsch was one of the best chess players in the world. He was the foremost figure amongst the hypermoderns and wrote a very influential book on chess theory: My System (1925\u20131927). Nimzowitsch's seminal work Chess Praxis, originally published in German in 1929, was purchased by a pre-teen and future World Champion Tigran Petrosian and was to have a great influence on his development as a chess player. Life Born in Riga, then part of the Russian Empire, the Jewish Yiddish-speaking Nimzowitsch came from a wealthy family, where he learned chess from his father Shaya Abramovich Nimzowitsch (1860, Pinsk \u2013 1918), who was a timber merchant. By 1897, the family lived in Dvinsk. Mother's name: Esphir Nohumovna Nimzowitsch (born Rabinovich, 1865, Polotsk \u2013 1937), sister\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Kim Hyung-gon is.", "output": "Kim Hyung-gon was one of the most influential and famous comedians by the time of his death in South Korea."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Space, Love, & Bullfighting is a studio album released by the American eclectic rock band Havalina in 2002. Track listing \"Space And Mexico\" (2:44) \"Losing You\" (4:36) \"Leica\" (1:40) \"Pluto\" (4:42) \"I Feel Nothing\" (1:35) \"You Got Me Cry'n\" (4:30) \"Rocket Ship\" (3:01) \"Worst Days\" (3:26) \"If You'd Like...\" (5:02) \"Bullfighter\" (4:27) \"Carlos\" (4:43) \"Spaces And Places\" (5:36) \"Space, Love And Bullfighting Suite\" (6:03, in 5 parts): Powerful Mexi Radio (Wignall) That Bohemian Music (Maust) Untitled (Nieto) Space Cabana (Stevens) The Other World Is Present (Greenhill) All songs written by Havalina. Credits Havalina lineup Matt Wignall: Guitar, primary vocalist, reel, noise Orlando Greenhill: Bass guitar and double bass, noise, timpani David Maust: farfisa, Moog and hurdy gurdy Erick Nieto: drums, violin Mercedes Stevens: guitar, vocals, cello, castanets, shaker Guest musicians Steve Hodges: marimba, clave, and other percussion on \"Losing You\", glockenspiel on \"Leica\", percussion on \"Bullfighter\", congas, shakers, and other\n\n\"The Zanti Misfits\" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It was first broadcast on December 30, 1963, during the first season. In 1997, the TV Guide ranked this episode number 98 on its \"100 Greatest Episodes of All Time\" list of all US television. Introduction An alien world demands that Earth provide a penal colony for its criminals. The criminals are grotesque, rat-sized, ant-like insectoids with almost human faces. Opening narration Plotline Military forces have cordoned off a ghost town, aptly named Morgue, located in a remote section in the deserts of California while awaiting the arrival of a spacecraft from the planet Zanti. The perfectionist rulers of that planet, after making radio contact with our government, have decided that the Earth is the \"perfect place\" to exile their undesirables and criminals in exchange for sharing technological advances with Earth. They threaten total destruction if\n\nDoug Hammond (born December 26, 1942) is an American free funk/avant-garde jazz drummer, composer, poet, producer, and professor. His first major release was Reflections in the Sea of Nurnen on Tribe Records in 1975. Career He has worked with musicians including Earl Hooker, Sonny Rollins, Charles Mingus, Sammy Price, Donald Byrd, Wolfgang Dauner, Ornette Coleman, Steve Coleman, Nina Simone, Betty Carter, Marion Williams, Paquito D'Rivera, Arnett Cobb, James Blood Ulmer and Arthur Blythe. In 2010 Doug Hammond wrote and conducted \"Acknowledgement Suite\" with Dwight Adams, Jean Toussaint, Roman Fili\u00fa, Howard Curtis, Wendell Harrison, Dick Griffin, St\u00e9phane Payen, Kirk Lightsey and Arron James. He was a professor at the Anton Bruckner Private University in Linz. His work has been filmed in a documentary Sparkle of Inspiration by the Austrian director Dieter Strauch released during the Crossing Europe Film Festival in Linz in 2016. Personal life He lives and works in Linz,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Space, Love, & Bullfighting is.", "output": "Space, Love, & Bullfighting is a studio album released by the American eclectic rock band Havalina in 2002."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Choquette Hot Springs Provincial Park is a provincial park located in the Stikine Country region of British Columbia, Canada. It was established on January 25, 2001, to protect Stikine River Hot Springs, the largest hot springs on the Canadian side of the lower Stikine River. The park lies in the traditional territory of the Tahltan First Nation about south of the Tahltan community of Telegraph Creek. Geography The park is located on the eastern banks of the Stikine River, just north of the river's confluence with the Choquette River. Despite the park's name, the official name of the hot springs is Stikine River Hot Springs. Geology The Stikine River Hot Springs are a collection of over 15 individual hot springs that emerge out from the granitic rocks at the base of the valley wall, or from mud just beyond the valley floor. Many of these hot springs are within a\n\nIn population dynamics, depensation is the effect on a population (such as a fish stock) whereby, due to certain causes, a decrease in the breeding population (mature individuals) leads to reduced production and survival of eggs or offspring. The causes may include predation levels rising per offspring (given the same level of overall predator pressure) and the Allee effect, particularly the reduced likelihood of finding a mate. Critical depensation When the level of depensation is high enough that the population is no longer able to sustain itself, it is said to be a critical depensation. This occurs when the population size has a tendency to decline when the population drops below a certain level (known as the \"Critical depensation level\"). Ultimately this may lead to the population or fishery's collapse (resource depletion), or even local extinction. The phenomenon of critical depensation may be modelled or defined by a negative second\n\nKristina \u0160migun-V\u00e4hi (born 23 February 1977) is a former Estonian female cross-country skier and politician. She is the most successful Estonian female cross-country skier with two Olympic gold medals. In 2019 she was elected as a Member of the Estonian Parliament. Career On 12 February 2006, she won the Winter Olympics gold medal for the 7.5 km + 7.5 km double pursuit, becoming the first Estonian woman to win a medal at the Winter Olympics. Four days later, she won a second gold medal in the 10 km classical. On 15 February 2010, she won her third Olympic medal, a silver in the 10 km freestyle race. With two golds and one silver, \u0160migun-V\u00e4hi is the most successful Estonian athlete in Olympic history (summer or winter), tying the record of men's cross-country skier Andrus Veerpalu. \u0160migun-V\u00e4hi has also found success at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, earning six medals.\n\nQuestion: Who was Kristina \u0160migun-V\u00e4hi?", "output": "Kristina \u0160migun-V\u00e4hi is a former Estonian female cross-country skier and politician."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Thierhaupten Abbey () was a Benedictine monastery in Thierhaupten near the Lech River and near Augsburg in Bavaria, Germany. History The monastery, dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul, was founded in the late 8th century by Duke Tassilo III of Bavaria - the last of the Agilolfings, who was deposed by Charlemagne in 788. Under the Carolingian dynasty, the abbey became a possession of the Augsburg bishops. Its name Thierhaupten, which means \"beasts' heads\" in German, is supposed to refer to a heathen shrine formerly on the site, possibly the remnants of a pagan cult place. The abbey was looted by the Hungarians in 910 and again in 955, when they met with East Frankish troops at the nearby Battle of Lechfeld. It was re-established in 1028 at the behest of Bishop Gebhard II of Regensburg and the abbot of St. Emmeram's Abbey. Thierhaupten received further estates from the Wittelsbach\n\nMiech\u00f3w is a town in Poland, in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, about north of Krak\u00f3w. It is the capital of Miech\u00f3w County. Population is 11,852 (2004). Miech\u00f3w lies on the Miech\u00f3wka river, along European route E77. The area of the town is , and it has a rail station, located on the main railroad which connects Krak\u00f3w with Warsaw. History In the early years of the Polish state, the area of Miech\u00f3w belonged to the medieval tribe of the Vistulans. In the late 10th century, the region was taken over by the Polans. The beginning of Miech\u00f3w dates back to the year 1163, when a Polish Duke of Pomerania Jaksa of the House of Griffins, who owned the village, invited monks of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre. Apart from Miech\u00f3w, prince Jaksa handed two other villages to the order. The new church with a monastery was blessed by the Bishop\n\nShearwater Pottery is a small family-owned pottery in Ocean Springs, Mississippi, United States founded in 1928 by Peter Anderson (1901-1984), with the support of his parents, George Walter Anderson and Annette McConnell Anderson. From the 1920s through the present day, the pottery has produced art pottery, utilitarian ware, figurines, decorative tiles and other ceramic objects. Two of its most important designers were Walter Inglis Anderson (1903-1965) and his brother James McConnell Anderson (1907-1998). Although Shearwater was severely damaged by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the workshop was rebuilt and restored by Jason Stebly. Pottery continues to be thrown by Peter's son James Anderson and the latter's son Peter Wade Anderson, and decorated by Patricia Anderson Findeisen, Christopher Inglis Stebly, Adele Anderson Lawton and others. Michael Anderson heads the Shearwater Annex, and Marjorie Anderson Ashley is business manager. Notes See also George E. Ohr, the \"Mad Potter of Biloxi\" Walter Anderson Museum\n\nQuestion: What is Miech\u00f3w", "output": "Miech\u00f3w  is a town in Poland, in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, about  north of Krak\u00f3w."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Domenico Nordio is an Italian violinist who was born in Piove di Sacco (21 March 1971). Nordio studied violin with Corrado Romano and Mich\u00e8le Auclair. He began his concert career very young, winning the Vercelli \"Viotti\" International Competition at the age of 16, with Yehudi Menuhin as President of the panel of judges. Successes followed at competitions such as the \"Thibaud\" in Paris, the \"Sigall\" in Vi\u00f1a del Mar and the \"Francescatti\" in Marseilles and, in particular, in 1988 the \"Eurovision\" which brought him international fame thanks to the final round broadcast throughout Europe from the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam. Since then, his intense work schedule as a soloist has brought him to perform all over the world. He has played in London (Barbican Centre), Paris (Salle Pleyel), Tokyo (Suntory Hall), Geneva (Victoria Hall), Madrid (Teatro Monumental), Dublin (National Concert Hall), Istanbul (Atat\u00fcrk Centre), Rome (Accademia di Santa Cecilia e Teatro\n\nThe Cardwell Reforms were a series of reforms of the British Army undertaken by Secretary of State for War Edward Cardwell between 1868 and 1874 with the support of Liberal prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. Gladstone paid little attention to military affairs but he was keen on efficiency. In 1870, he pushed through Parliament major changes in Army organisation. The German Empire's stunning triumph over the Second French Empire in the Franco-Prussian War proved that the Prussian system of professional soldiers with up-to-date weapons was far superior to the traditional system of gentlemen-soldiers that Britain used. The Reforms were not radical; they had been brewing for years and Gladstone seized the moment to enact them. The goal was to centralise the power of the War Office, abolish the purchase of officers' commissions, and create reserve forces stationed in Britain by establishing short terms of service for enlisted men. Ending the\n\nMaya\u2013Maya Airport is the international airport of Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of Congo. Facilities In 2010, a new long runway and a new terminal with three air bridges were opened. The older runway was repaired and now is used as a taxiway. A second phase of the new terminal was completed in 2013, the construction of which, valued at $160 million, was undertaken by Chinese construction firm Weihai International Economic & Technical Cooperative Co., Ltd. Airlines and destinations Passenger Cargo Accidents and incidents On 19 September 1989 UTA Flight 772, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 (registration N54629) operating the Brazzaville-N'Djamena-Paris CDG sector, was bombed 46 minutes after take-off from N'Djamena causing the aircraft to crash while flying over Niger. All 156 passengers and 14 crew members on board perished. For nearly 20 years, this incident marked the deadliest air disaster involving a French-operated airliner, in terms of loss of\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Maya-Maya Airport is.", "output": "Maya\u2013Maya Airport  is the international airport of Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of Congo."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Giordano (sometimes anglicized as Jordan) Pierleoni (in contemporary Latin, Jordanus filius Petrus Leonis) was the son of the Consul Pier Leoni and therefore brother of Antipope Anacletus II and leader of the Commune of Rome which the people set up in 1143. According to Gregorovius, he was a \u201cmaverick\u201d in the great Pierleoni family, for he continued to oppose the papacy after Anacletus' death, when the rest of his clan had returned to support of Rome. In late autumn 1143, the democratic element in Rome set up a Senate in opposition to the higher nobility and the papacy. Drawing on the Rome's history as the once capital of the ancient Roman Republic, the citizens declared a senate, based on four elected representatives from each of the newly created fourteen districts of medieval Rome. These would be the first real senators since the seventh century. The fifty-six senators then elected as\n\nHumppa-Akatemia is a 2000 compilation album by the Finnish group El\u00e4kel\u00e4iset. Track listing Disc 1 Hylj\u00e4tyn humppa (Hanoi Rocks \u2013 Don't You Ever Leave Me) Humppasonni (HIM \u2013 Join Me) Humppaosasto (Jalla Jalla \u2013 Hospital Waltz) Ja humppa soi (Rauli Badding Somerjoki \u2013 Ja rokki soi) Humppapappa vaan (Ebba Gr\u00f6n \u2013 Mamma, Pappa, Barn) Humppa sujuu (Weeping Willows \u2013 True To You) Hump (Van Halen \u2013 Jump) Kuusessa hevon (Eric Clapton \u2013 Tears In Heaven) Humppamedia (Kent \u2013 Om du var h\u00e4r) Hotelli helpotus (The Eagles \u2013 Hotel California) Paratiisihumppa (Stevie Wonder \u2013 Pastime Paradise) Humppaa, saatanat (Spencer Davis Group \u2013 Gimme Some Lovin') Poltettu humppa (Midnight Oil \u2013 Beds Are Burning) Humppakonehumppa (Meredith Brooks \u2013 Bitch) Humpparaakki (Dio \u2013 Holy Diver) Humppalialaiset (Peter Gabriel \u2013 Games Without Frontiers) Pultsarihumppa (Weezer \u2013 Buddy Holly) Humppakostajat (Suede \u2013 The Beautiful Ones) Humppaleski 45 (Police \u2013 Every Breath You Take) Miinakentt\u00e4humppa (X-Perience\n\nWalking to Babylon is a 1998 novel by Kate Orman in the Virgin New Adventures series featuring the fictional archaeologist Bernice Summerfield (known as Benny). The New Adventures were a spin-off from the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who, but after the publisher Virgin Books lost the license to do Doctor Who stories from the BBC, the New Adventures continued, centred on the character of Benny and further characters and settings created for the series. Walking to Babylon is the tenth Benny-led New Adventure. Orman had previously written several Doctor Who New Adventures, but this was her first for the post-Doctor Who series. As characterises her work, the novel mixes hard science fiction with strong characters. The book also contains some scenes of a sexual nature, reflecting Virgin's willingness to include more adult content than the BBC had allowed for the Doctor Who New Adventures. The story features\n\nQuestion: Define Walking to Babylon.", "output": "Walking to Babylon is a 1998 novel by Kate Orman in the Virgin New Adventures series featuring the fictional archaeologist Bernice Summerfield."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Fergal O'Hanlon (Irish: Feargal \u00d3 hAnnluain (2 February 1936 \u2013 1 January 1957) was a volunteer in the Pearse Column of the Irish Republican Army. Background Born in Ballybay, County Monaghan, Ireland, into a staunchly republican family, Feargal O'Hanlon was a draughtsman employed by Monaghan County Council. He was a Gaelic footballer and a keen Irish language activist. A devout Catholic, O'Hanlon considered becoming a priest and spent one year at the seminary in St. Macartan's. He joined the IRA in 1956. Brookeborough raid Aged 20, O'Hanlon was killed along with Se\u00e1n South while taking part in an attack on the Royal Ulster Constabulary barracks in Brookeborough, County Fermanagh, during the Border Campaign. Several other IRA members were wounded in the botched attack. The IRA fled the scene in a dumper truck. They abandoned it near the border. They left South and O'Hanlon, both then unconscious, in a cow byre,\n\nAlex Woolf (born 12 July 1963) is a British medieval historian and academic. He specialises in the history of Britain and Ireland and to a lesser extent Scandinavia in the Early Middle Ages, with a particular emphasis on interaction and comparison across traditional ethnic boundaries. He is a senior lecturer at the University of St Andrews. He is author of volume two in the New Edinburgh History of Scotland, covering the period between 789 and 1070. For this he won the 2008 Saltire Society award for \"history book of the year\". He is the younger brother of the ancient historian Greg Woolf. Academic career Woolf first went to University to study Scandinavian Studies at University College London, including spending time in Norway, but dropped out before completing the degree and spent four years working in service-sector jobs. He then proceeded to the University of Sheffield, where he completed a degree\n\nGreenville Technical College is a public community college in Greenville, South Carolina. Founded in 1960, it began operation in September 1962. Campuses Greenville Tech has multiple locations across Greenville County: Barton Campus (main location) in Greenville, South Carolina Benson Campus in Greer, South Carolina Brashier Campus in Simpsonville, South Carolina Center for Manufacturing Innovation in Greenville, South Carolina Dreisbach/Anderson Student Success Center in Greenville, South Carolina McKinney Automotive Center (automotive technology) in Greenville, South Carolina Northwest Campus in Berea, South Carolina SC Army National Guard Readiness Center at SCTAC Truist Culinary & Hospitality Innovation Center in Greenville, South Carolina Notable alumni Todd Kohlhepp, American serial killer External links Official website Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Education in Greenville County, South Carolina Buildings and structures in Greenville, South Carolina Education in Greenville, South Carolina South Carolina Technical College System Universities and colleges established in\n\nQuestion: Who is Alex Woolf", "output": "Alex Woolf is a British medieval historian and academic."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rhoda Grant (born 26 June 1963) is a Scottish politician who has served as a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Highlands and Islands region since 2007, having previously represented the same region from 1999 to 2003. A member of the Scottish Labour and Co-operative Party, She is currently the Shadow Cabinet Secretary Minister for Land Reform, Islands and Chief Whip. Early life and career Grant was born in 1963 in Stornoway, Outer Hebrides and studied for a degree in social sciences from the Open University. Prior to her election, Grant worked for the trade union UNISON and Highland Regional Council. Political career In the 1999 Scottish Parliament election, Grant was elected to a list seat for the Highlands and Islands region. In the 2003 election, she fought the Inverness East, Nairn and Lochaber constituency but came second to Fergus Ewing of the Scottish National Party, who held\n\nAgile unified process (AUP) is a simplified version of the rational unified process (RUP) developed by Scott Ambler. It describes a simple, easy to understand approach to developing business application software using agile techniques and concepts yet still remaining true to the RUP. The AUP applies agile techniques including test-driven development (TDD), agile modeling (AM), agile change management, and database refactoring to improve productivity. In 2011 the AUP accounted for one percent of all the agile methodologies used. In 2012 the AUP was superseded by disciplined agile delivery (DAD). Since then work has ceased on evolving AUP. Discipline Unlike the RUP, the AUP has only seven disciplines : Model. Understand the business of the organization, the problem domain being addressed by the project, and identify a viable solution to address the problem domain. Implementation. Transform model(s) into executable code and perform a basic level of testing, in particular unit testing.\n\nModel warship combat is an international club activity, in which participants construct radio-controlled scale models of actual warships, most commonly those built by various nations prior to 1946, such as the , , or the . The models are armed with pneumatic cannons, and fight against one another on ponds and lakes. Model warship combat is sometimes considered to be a form of Naval Wargaming, but can also be considered a water-based version of Robot Combat, since much of the internal systems and concepts are the same as radio control electronics, and in some cases possess similar pneumatic systems. The sport is predominantly divided into 'Big Gun' and 'Fast Gun' (or 'Small Gun') clubs. Both 'Big Gun' and 'Fast Gun' formats host annual national/international inter-club events. There is one major 'Fast Gun' club, the International Radio Control Warship Combat Club (IRCWCC). As of January 2015, the other major club, Model\n\nQuestion: Define Model warship combat.", "output": "Model warship combat is an international club activity, in which participants construct radio-controlled scale models of actual warships, most commonly those built by various nations prior to 1946, such as the , , or the ."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Firass Dirani (born 1984) is an Australian film and television actor. Early life Dirani was born in Sydney in 1984, and is of Lebanese descent. He attended St Paul's Grammar School and graduated in 2014. Career Dirani pursued his acting career in Hollywood before receiving a call to play the role of John Ibrahim in Underbelly: The Golden Mile. In April 2010, Dirani was named Cleo Bachelor of the Year. In 2020, it was announced Dirani would be participating the Seven Network's reality program SAS Australia. In 2023, Dirani was cast in The Office Australia but did not make it to the production stage. Following the start of the Israel\u2013Hamas war in October 2023, Dirani expressed support for Hamas. Filmography Film Television Theatre Sydney Dream Ball (2003) as Aerial Acrobat Stories (2003) A Midsummer Night's Dream (2003) as Puck Kid Stakes/Other Times (2003) The Tempest (2004) as Caliban References External\n\nDip coating is an industrial coating process which is used, for example, to manufacture bulk products such as coated fabrics and condoms and specialised coatings for example in the biomedical field. Dip coating is also commonly used in academic research, where many chemical and nano material engineering research projects use the dip coating technique to create thin-film coatings. The earliest dip-coated products may have been candles. For flexible laminar substrates such as fabrics, dip coating may be performed as a continuous roll-to-roll process. For coating a 3D object, it may simply be inserted and removed from the bath of coating. For condom-making, a former is dipped into the coating. For some products, such as early methods of making candles, the process is repeated many times, allowing a series of thin films to bulk up to a relatively thick final object. The final product may incorporate the substrate and the coating,\n\nThe Special Branch or SB (Malay: Cawangan Khas) is an intelligence agency attached to the Royal Malaysia Police. The SB is empowered to acquire and develop intelligence on internal and external threats to the nation, subversive activities, extremist activities and activities of sabotage and spying. The SB has also been accused of carrying out unlawful enforced disappearances. The SB is also empowered to analyse and advise on the necessary course of action to the various departments and agencies both within the Police Department and other related agencies. In the past, they have worked together in reforming the Thai Special Branch. Background The Special Branch is a department within the Royal Malaysia Police that is responsible for gathering and analyzing intelligence to maintain national security. The agency was established in 1948 during the British colonial era and has since evolved to become a key intelligence agency in Malaysia. The SB was\n\nQuestion: What's Malaysian Special Branch?", "output": "The Special Branch or SB  is an intelligence agency attached to the Royal Malaysia Police."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Legislative Council of Lower Canada was the upper house of the bicameral structure of provincial government in Lower Canada until 1838. The upper house consisted of appointed councillors who voted on bills passed up by the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada. The legislative council was created by the Constitutional Act. Many of the members first called in the Council in 1792 had served as councillors in the Council for the Affairs of the Province of Quebec. The council came to be dominated by the Ch\u00e2teau Clique, members of the province's most powerful families who were generally interested in preserving the status quo. Both the upper and lower houses were dissolved on March 27, 1838 following the Lower Canada Rebellion and Lower Canada was administered by an appointed Special Council. Following the Act of Union in 1840, the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada was created in 1841. Legislative\n\nThe Itchen Bridge is a bridge over the River Itchen in Southampton, Hampshire. It is a high-level hollow box girder bridge. It is located about a mile from the river mouth. The bridge spans , is at its highest point and weighs 62,000 tons. The bridge connects the A3025 Portsmouth Road to Southampton. It was built to replace the former chain ferry, known as the Floating Bridge, that crossed the river at that point. The bridge's set of blue energy-saving lights can be seen from up to down Southampton Water from the bridge. The bridge has achieved notoriety as a venue for suicide, with over 200 alleged suicides recorded since its opening in 1977, prompting calls for the construction of preventive measures along its length. History Prior efforts The first attempt to build a crossing below Northam Bridge began in 1833. The plan for a 17-arch swing bridge was stopped\n\nThe Magic Circle Club was an award-winning Australian children's television show, produced at ATV Channel 0 (now ATV-10) from 23 January 1965 to 1967. The program's style came from live pantomime and classic fairy tales. It often featured music, original songs and dance routines. Some older female characters were performed by males, in pantomime dame style. Godfrey Philipp was the producer and director, with many scripts and song lyrics by John-Michael Howson. Max Bartlett became a regular script writer in addition to his on-screen roles. Music was by Bruce Rowland and scenery designs by Brian Thomson. The show was hosted by Nancy Cato, cousin of the author of the same name. A later addition to the regular cast was Liz Harris, who also took over as hostess when Nancy Cato suffered temporary paralysis and had to use a wheelchair. In 1966, the TV series won the first Logie Award presented\n\nQuestion: What is Legislative Council of Lower Canada", "output": "The Legislative Council of Lower Canada was the upper house of the bicameral structure of provincial government in Lower Canada until 1838."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ammonium uranyl carbonate (UO2CO3\u00b72(NH4)2CO3) is known in the uranium processing industry as AUC and is also called uranyl ammonium carbonate. This compound is important as a component in the conversion process of uranium hexafluoride (UF6) to uranium dioxide (UO2). The ammonium uranyl carbonate is combined with steam and hydrogen at 500\u2013600 \u00b0C to yield UO2. In another process aqueous uranyl nitrate, known as uranyl nitrate liquor (UNL) is treated with ammonium bicarbonate to form ammonium uranyl carbonate as a solid precipitate. This is separated from the solution, dried with methanol and then calcinated with hydrogen directly to UO2 to obtain a sinterable grade powder. The ex-AUC uranium dioxide powder is free-flowing, relatively coarse (10 \u00b5) and porous with specific surface area in the range of 5 m2/g and suitable for direct pelletisation, avoiding the granulation step. Conversion to UO2 is often performed as the first stage of nuclear fuel fabrication.\n\nSir Ronald Mourad Cohen (born 1 August 1945) is an Egyptian-born British businessman and political figure. He is the chairman of The Portland Trust and Bridges Ventures. He has been described as \"the father of British venture capital\" and \"the father of social investment\". Early life Cohen was born in Egypt on 1 August 1945, the son of Michael Mourad Cohen, a banker, and Sonia Douek. His family are Sephardi Jews, though his mother, Sonia Douek, is British by nationality. In 1957, following the Suez Crisis, Cohen's family was forced to abandon all their assets and flee Egyptian President Nassar's persecution of Jews. The family (including younger brother Andre) moved to England. His father started his own import/export business, but having arrived with just \u00a310, life was a struggle. Though initially speaking only a few words of English, Cohen went to Orange Hill grammar school in North London, now part\n\nThe Sutherland Cup is the ice hockey Ontario Junior \"B\" Provincial Championship trophy. The trophy was first awarded in 1934, and named in honour of former OHA and CAHA president, James T. Sutherland. The Sutherland Cup is now the championship trophy of the Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League. Until 2007, the Cup served as an interleague provincial championship. From 1976 until 1978, as many as eight leagues competed for the Sutherland Cup in a massive playdown structure that took months to complete. There is no National Championship for Junior B hockey in Canada, similar championships are held in Western Canada (Keystone Cup), Quebec (Coupe Dodge), Eastern Ontario (Barkley Cup), and Atlantic Canada (Don Johnson Memorial Cup)\u2014leaving five teams at the end of each year with a shared claim to being the best Junior B team in Canada. Competing leagues Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League (GOJHL) 2007 to present Past competing\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Ronald Mourad Cohen.", "output": "Sir Ronald Mourad Cohen is an Egyptian-born British businessman and political figure."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Springerle () is a type of South German biscuit or cookie with an embossed design made by pressing a mold onto rolled dough and allowing the impression to dry before baking. This preserves the detail of the surface pattern. While historical molds show that springerle were baked for religious holidays and secular occasions throughout the year, they are now most commonly associated with the Christmas season. They are called anis-br\u00f6dle in the Swabian dialect, and Anisbr\u00f6tli (anise bun) in Switzerland. The name springerle, used in southern Germany, translates literally as \"little jumper\" or \"little knight\", but its exact origin is unknown. It may refer the popular motif of a jumping horse in the mold, or just to the rising or \"springing up\" of the dough as it bakes. The origin of the cookie can be traced back to at least the 14th century in southwestern Germany and surrounding areas, mostly\n\nThe Order of Logohu is the principal order of the Order of Papua New Guinea. Logohu is a Motuan word for the bird-of-paradise, the official national symbol of Papua New Guinea since its independence. The Order consists of four ranks. Classes of the Order Grand Companion of the Order of Logohu The Grand Companion of the Order of Logohu (GCL) is awarded to those citizens of Papua New Guinea and others for service, achievement, and merit in the highest degree, sustained over a period of twenty years. The award may be given to no more than fifty living persons. Recipients of the Grand Companion class are titled \"Chief\". The Chancellor of the Order of Logohu is titled as \"Grand Chief\" as well as one other living recipient of the class. The title of Grand Chief is currently held by Grand Chief Sir Bob Dadae . Officer of Logohu The Officer\n\nIan Rutherford Plimer (born 12 February 1946) is an Australian geologist and professor emeritus at the University of Melbourne. He rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. He has been criticised by climate scientists for misinterpreting data and spreading misinformation. Plimer previously worked as a professor of mining geology at the University of Adelaide, and the director of multiple mineral exploration and mining companies, He has also been a critic of creationism. Early life and education Ian Plimer grew up in Sydney and attended Normanhurst Boys High School. He earned a BSc (Hons) in mining engineering at the University of New South Wales in 1968, and a PhD in Geology at Macquarie University in 1976. His doctoral thesis (from 1973) was titled, The pipe deposits of tungsten-molybdenum-bismuth in eastern Australia. Career Academia Plimer started as a tutor and senior tutor in earth sciences at Macquarie University from 1968 to 1973.\n\nQuestion: Define Order of Logohu.", "output": "The Order of Logohu is the principal order of the Order of Papua New Guinea."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bastien Salabanzi ( in Toulon, France) is a French professional skateboarder whose stance is regular. Skateboarding career Salabanzi started skateboarding when he was 9, and soon after gained his first sponsorship by the Skateshop of Toulon. He won his first contest at the age of 11 in Marseille, France. After that, Vans flew him to the finals in California, his first trip to the United States. 2000s In 2001 at the age of 15 he won the World cup in Dortmund (Globe Shoes World Skateboarding Championships 2001, 2002, 2003). Also in 2001, he came in 2nd at the Tampa AM 2001 Street Finals, and three years later he got 1st place at the Tampa Pro 2004 Street Fi and 2nd place the following year in the same event. Salabanzi finished third in the street skateboarding event at the 2004 X Games. He won the WSR05 skateboarding contest in Rotterdam, Netherlands\n\nFishersgate railway station is a railway station in West Sussex, England, serving both the eastern part of Southwick, as well as the western part of Portslade in Brighton and Hove. The station is operated by Southern and is down the line from Brighton. Location The station is unusually close to a major boundary, one which is urban with no nearby buffer zones \u2013 immediately east of the station is the Vale Park part of Portslade and higher Portslade Village for which this is the nearest station. Fishersgate itself amounts in its mainland residential part to an outlying part of either that greater community, discounting its community church, or the east end of Southwick, having its football stadium much closer to the station than Southwick railway station for example. The east arm of Shoreham Harbour is separated from the English Channel by a 200 metre wide shingle spit with warehouses, and\n\nRobert Edison Sandiford (born 1968) is a Canadian novelist, short story writer and essayist. Born in Montreal, Quebec, he co-founded with the poet Linda M. Deane ArtsEtc, a periodical devoted to culture in Barbados. In 2003, his short story \"Reckoning\" was awarded the Barbados Governor General's Award for Literary Excellence. Bibliography Fiction 12 X 93 \u2014 1993 (with Sonja Skarstedt & Brian Busby) Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall: Stories \u2014 1995 The Tree of Youth and Other Stories \u2014 2005 Intimacy 101: Rooms & Suites \u2014 2013 And Sometimes They Fly: A Novel \u2014 2013 Fairfield: The Last Sad Stories of G. Brandon Sisnett \u2014 2015 Graphic novels Attractive Forces \u2014 1997 (with Justin Norman) Stray Moonbeams \u2014 2002 (with Justin Norman & Brandon Graham) Great Moves \u2014 2010 (with Geof Isherwood) Non-fiction Sand for Snow: A Caribbean-Canadian Chronicle \u2014 2003 External links Robert Edison Sandiford - (Biography) Writers' Union of\n\nQuestion: Who is Robert Edison Sandiford?", "output": "Robert Edison Sandiford is a Canadian novelist, short story writer and essayist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tahrir al-Wasilah (; Exegesis of the Means of Salvation or Commentaries on the Liberation of the Intercession; in Tahrir al-Vasileh) is a book by Ayatollah Khomeini as a commentary on a traditional theological text, and as a guide for Shia jurists on the opinions of Khomeini. The book was part of the centuries-old tradition of commentaries on Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) commonly written by leading Shia clerics working toward the status of Marja, for the use of their students and fellow clerics. The \"Means\" or \"Intercession\" this book was commenting on was Wasileh un-Nejat, (The Means of Salvation), by S. Abul-Hasan Isfahani. Khomeini's commentary covered socio-political issues such as jihad and \"ordering the good and forbidding the evil\", that had been abandoned by his contemporaries. Written during Khomeini's exile, the book was started in 1964 in Turkey and finished in Iraq and comes in two volumes and four editions. The book\n\nEveryday Italian is a Food Network show hosted by Giada De Laurentiis. In the show, De Laurentiis focuses for her viewers on traditional Italian cuisine with an American flair. Popularity The show is recorded (shot at 24 frames for a cinematic feel) on location in Malibu, Pasadena and the Pacific Palisades, shunning the traditional Food Network sets and instead using a series of rented homes. All of the cooking on the show is shot live on set during an initial run and later the close up shots are recorded during a second run. De Laurentiis often features family members in episodes, most notably fashion designer husband Todd Thompson. Her mother, aunt, brother, and sister have also appeared in several episodes, occasionally working side-by-side with De Laurentiis in the kitchen. Giada's Aunt Raffy is the family member featured most often on the show; bringing recipes for such specialties as Chestnut Stuffing\n\nALGOL (; short for \"Algorithmic Language\") is a family of imperative computer programming languages originally developed in 1958. ALGOL heavily influenced many other languages and was the standard method for algorithm description used by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) in textbooks and academic sources for more than thirty years. In the sense that the syntax of most modern languages is \"Algol-like\", it was arguably more influential than three other high-level programming languages among which it was roughly contemporary: FORTRAN, Lisp, and COBOL. It was designed to avoid some of the perceived problems with FORTRAN and eventually gave rise to many other programming languages, including PL/I, Simula, BCPL, B, Pascal, and C. ALGOL introduced code blocks and the begin...end pairs for delimiting them. It was also the first language implementing nested function definitions with lexical scope. Moreover, it was the first programming language which gave detailed attention to formal language\n\nQuestion: Define Tahrir al-Wasilah.", "output": "Tahrir al-Wasilah  is a book by Ayatollah Khomeini as a commentary on a traditional theological text, and as a guide for Shia jurists on the opinions of Khomeini."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A counter turn is a kind of one-foot turn in figure skating. Unlike three turns and brackets, where the entry and exit edges follow the same curve, in a counter the entry and exit are on opposite curves. When executing a counter, the skater turns outward to the curve of the entry edge, and exits on a curve in the same sense as the turn. Another way to look at it is that a counter is similar to the entry of a bracket turn combined with the exit of a three turn. (The opposite combination is called a rocker turn.) While counters are sometimes used to perform a simple change of direction, they more commonly appear in step sequences and in compulsory dances in ice dancing. For example, in the Westminster Waltz, the lady performs a rocker while the man performs a counter turn. Counters also appear on the USFSA's\n\nGregory Vaughn Palmer (born August 8, 1954) is an American bishop of The United Methodist Church, elected in 2000. He was born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His father, Herbert Palmer, is also a United Methodist pastor. Education He was educated in the Philadelphia public schools. In 1976 he earned the B.A. degree at George Washington University. His M.Div. degree is from the Duke Divinity School (1979). Palmer was awarded an honorary D.D. from Baldwin-Wallace College in 1999. Ordained ministry Prior to his election to the episcopacy, Bishop Palmer served as a pastor and a district superintendent. He entered the ministry in his home Eastern Pennsylvania Annual Conference of the United Methodist Church in 1977. He served churches in North Carolina, where he was the pastor of the Granville-Vance U.M. Charge in Oxford, North Carolina and of the Asbury Temple United Methodist Church in Durham, North Carolina. Transferring to the\n\nLee Sang-eun (; born March 12, 1970), also known by the stage name Lee Tzsche (), is a South Korean singer-songwriter. She debuted in 1988 and released 15 full-length albums. She won the Rookie Artist Award at the 1988 Golden Disc Awards and Female Musician of the Year at the 2004 and 2006 Korean Music Awards. Biography She debuted at the MBC Riverside Music Festival in 1988, singing another composer's song. At the time, she maintained a unisex look and she became popular, but she grew disenchanted with the entertainment business and, taking a sabbatical, went to Japan and the US to study art. Her second career as a musician began with 'Slow day' (1991), a short but impressive album with adolescent girl's feel to it. 'Begin' (1992) was a transitional album - it had an R&B or house sound with the producer Kim Hong-soon, but few fans appreciated the\n\nQuestion: Who is Lee Tzsche", "output": "Lee Sang-eun, also known by the stage name Lee Tzsche, is a South Korean singer-songwriter."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Rhododendron Species Foundation and Botanical Garden (RSBG) on 22\u201324 acres is a nonprofit botanical garden specializing in rhododendrons in Federal Way, Washington. As of 2006 the Foundation's mission is devoted to the conservation, research, acquisition, evaluation, cultivation, public display, and distribution of rhododendron species. The gardens contain over 10,000 rhododendrons, set out as a woodland garden among native conifers. It is adjacent to the Pacific Bonsai Museum. History The organization was founded in 1964 by members of the American Rhododendron Society (ARS) after a visit to Britain by Dr. Milton Walker. Walker was interested in importing cuttings from the best rhododendron plants in the wild as well as public and private gardens. He learned that he could not import cuttings directly from Europe due to American regulations. Canada allowed imports from Europe. Walker asked the owner of the Royston Nursery, Mary Grieg on Vancouver Island in British Columbia to\n\nThe Akkadian Empire () was the first ancient empire of Mesopotamia, succeeding the long-lived civilization of Sumer. Centered on the city of Akkad () and its surrounding region, the empire would unite Akkadian and Sumerian speakers under one rule and exercised significant influence across Mesopotamia, the Levant, and Anatolia, sending military expeditions as far south as Dilmun and Magan (modern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Oman) in the Arabian Peninsula. The Akkadian Empire reached its political peak between the 24th and 22nd centuries BC, following the conquests by its founder Sargon of Akkad. Under Sargon and his successors, the Akkadian language was briefly imposed on neighboring conquered states such as Elam and Gutium. Akkad is sometimes regarded as the first empire in history, though the meaning of this term is not precise, and there are earlier Sumerian claimants. Sources Contemporary sources Epigraphic sources from the Sargonic (Akkadian Empire) period are in\n\nThe Fortingall Yew is an ancient European yew (Taxus baccata) in the churchyard of the village of Fortingall in Perthshire, Scotland. Considered one of the oldest trees in Britain, modern estimates place its age at an average of 5,000 years. Age Some estimates put the tree's age at between 2,000 and 3,000 years; it may also be a remnant of a post-Roman Christian site and around 1,500 years old. Others have suggested an age as great as 5,000 to 9,000 years. Forestry and Land Scotland consider it to be 5,000 years old. This makes it one of the oldest known trees in Europe. (The root system of the Norway spruce Old Tjikko in Sweden is at least 9,500 years old.) The Fortingall Yew is possibly the oldest tree in Britain. The tree The tree's once massive trunk ( in girth when it was first recorded in writing, in 1769) with\n\nQuestion: What is Rhododendron Species Foundation and Botanical Garden?", "output": "The Rhododendron Species Foundation and Botanical Garden on 22\u201324 acres is a nonprofit botanical garden specializing in rhododendrons in Federal Way, Washington."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Piano: The Melody of a Young Girl's Heart (\u30d4\u30a2\u30ce Piano, stylized as PIANO) is an anime television series which aired from November 11, 2002 to January 13, 2003, and ran for 10 episodes. Three volumes were released on DVD by Right Stuf under their Nozomi Entertainment label in the North America as well as a complete collection in one collectors edition package, with their English dub being produced by NYAV Post. Centering on Miu Nomura (\u91ce\u6751 \u7f8e\u96e8 Nomura Miu), the story follows her as she struggles to rediscover the joy in music and playing piano she once knew as a child. Character designs were done by K\u014dsuke Fujishima who came up with the concept and idea for the show. Plot summary Miu Nomura always played the piano and found it to be one of the greatest joys in her life. Even when she was a little girl the music she\n\nThe term baioulos () was used in the Byzantine Empire to refer to a preceptor or tutor of imperial princes. Only a handful of holders are known, but due to the office's close proximity to the imperial family, and the ties it created with future emperors, a number of baiouloi were among the most important officials of their time. Origin and history The term derives from the Latin term baiulus (\"bearer\"), which by the 4th century came to mean \"nurse\" or \"preceptor\". Thus in the 12th century the theologian Theodore Balsamon claimed that it came from ba\u00efon (\u03b2\u03b1\u0390\u03bf\u03bd, palm leaf) because the preceptor was charged with supervising the growth of young minds. The term was rarely used, and only in Byzantine times; it is not attested in Modern Greek. The 13th-century scholar Manuel Moschopoulos offers the equivalent, well-established Greek terms \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 and \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b2\u03b7\u03c2. The term was applied to the tutors\n\nThis is a list of proposed states and union territories in India. The constitutional power to create new states and union territories in India is solely reserved with the Parliament of India. It can do so by announcing new states/union territories, separating territory from an existing state or merging two or more states/union territories or parts of them. In addition to the existing 28 states and 8 union territories, several new states and union territories have been proposed. The Indian constitution (under Part I: The Union and its territory) allows certain provisions for the creation of new states and union territories: Name and territory of the union. Admission or establishment of new states. Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of other existing states. Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental\n\nQuestion: What's Proposed states and union territories of India?", "output": "This is a list of proposed states and union territories in India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Graziella Magherini (; born 23 August 1927 in Florence) is an Italian psychiatrist at the Santa Maria Nuova Hospital in Florence, Italy. Stendhal syndrome Graziella Magherini is best known for her 1989 book La sindrome di Stendhal (The Stendhal syndrome), which introduced this term to indicate a psychosomatic illness affecting individuals when exposed to art. After nearly 20 years of experience with patients at Santa Maria Nuova Hospital in Florence, Italy, Magherini began to note certain pathological abnormalities in a select group of her patients. Foreign visitors who had arrived in droves to indulge in the sumptuous beauty and art of the city were stricken by sudden and mysterious psychosomatic episodes that were induced by their identification with select and \"personalized\" art. \"The Stendhal Syndrome occurs most frequently in Florence, because we have the greatest concentration of Renaissance art in the world.\" Her study The Stendhal Syndrome (La Sindrome di\n\nIn geometry, the grand antiprism or pentagonal double antiprismoid is a uniform 4-polytope (4-dimensional uniform polytope) bounded by 320 cells: 20 pentagonal antiprisms, and 300 tetrahedra. It is an anomalous, non-Wythoffian uniform 4-polytope, discovered in 1965 by Conway and Guy. Topologically, under its highest symmetry, the pentagonal antiprisms have D5d symmetry and there are two types of tetrahedra, one with S4 symmetry and one with Cs symmetry. Alternate names Pentagonal double antiprismoid Norman W. Johnson Gap (Jonathan Bowers: for grand antiprism) Structure 20 stacked pentagonal antiprisms occur in two disjoint rings of 10 antiprisms each. The antiprisms in each ring are joined to each other via their pentagonal faces. The two rings are mutually perpendicular, in a structure similar to a duoprism. The 300 tetrahedra join the two rings to each other, and are laid out in a 2-dimensional arrangement topologically equivalent to the 2-torus and the ridge of the\n\nUSS Blessman (DE-69/APD-48), a of the United States Navy, was named in honor of Lieutenant Edward Martin Blessman (1907\u20131942), who was killed in action in the Pacific on 4 February 1942. Namesake Edward Martin Blessman was born on 29 December 1907 in Nott, North Dakota. He was appointed midshipman from the 9th District of Wisconsin on 21 June 1927 and graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy on 4 June 1931. Service at sea on the battleship and the destroyer preceded flight training at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida, after which he served in VS-2B on the aircraft carrier and VP-17F, based on the seaplane tender . Following a two-year tour at the Naval Air Station Anacostia, Blessman \u2013 promoted to lieutenant in January 1939 \u2013 joined , then with the U.S. Asiatic Fleet, on 10 December 1939. On 4 February 1942, Marblehead stood out of Surabaya, Java, as part of\n\nQuestion: Who is USS Blessman", "output": "USS Blessman, a  of the United States Navy, was named in honor of Lieutenant Edward Martin Blessman, who was killed in action in the Pacific on 4 February 1942."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Marienm\u00fcnster is a town in H\u00f6xter district in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Geography Location Marienm\u00fcnster is North Rhine-Westphalia's smallest municipality by land area. It lies in the Weserbergland, in the state's easternmost district, about 15 km north of Brakel. Neighbouring communities Clockwise from the north, Marienm\u00fcnster's neighbours are: The Town of Schieder-Schwalenberg, Lippe district; The Town of H\u00f6xter, H\u00f6xter district; The Town of Brakel, H\u00f6xter district; The Town of Nieheim, H\u00f6xter district; The Town of Steinheim, H\u00f6xter district. Constituent communities Marienm\u00fcnster consists of the following centres: Altenbergen \u2013 519 inhabitants Born \u2013 100 inhabitants Bremerberg \u2013 122 inhabitants Bredenborn \u2013 1,603 inhabitants Eilversen \u2013 84 inhabitants Gro\u00dfenbreden \u2013 103 inhabitants Hohehaus \u2013 206 inhabitants Kleinenbreden \u2013 126 inhabitants Kollerbeck with the farming community of Langenkamp \u2013 778 inhabitants L\u00f6wendorf with the farming community of Saumer \u2013 267 inhabitants M\u00fcnsterbrock with the former abbey and the farming community of Oldenburg \u2013 131\n\nBeekman Winthrop (September 18, 1874 \u2013 November 10, 1940) was an American lawyer, government official and banker. He served as the governor of Puerto Rico from 1904 to 1907, as assistant secretary of the Treasury in 1907\u20131909, and assistant secretary of the Navy in 1909\u20131913. Early life The son of Robert Winthrop and Kate Wilson Taylor, Beekman \"Beek\" Winthrop came from a family of wealth and influence in New York. He was born in Orange, New Jersey, and attended Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he received a Bachelor of Arts (A.B.) degree in 1897 and a LL.B degree from Harvard Law School in 1900, graduating second in his class. Career A descendant of both John Winthrop, first Governor of Massachusetts, and John Winthrop, the Younger, first Governor of Connecticut, immediately after graduating he became a personal secretary to future president William Howard Taft while Taft was Governor-General of the\n\nShreekrishna Kirtana Kabya () is a pastoral Vaishnava drama in verse composed by Boru Chandidas. It is considered to be one of the most significant works after Charyapada in the history of Bengali literature.These verses are believed to be written in the pre-Chaitanya era of the later half of 14th century CE. History of publication In 1909, Basanta Ranjan Roy Bidvatballava retrieved the punthi (manuscript) of Sri Krishna Kirtana from a shelf in the cowshed of Debendranath Mukhopadhyay, a resident of Kankilya Village, Bankura. Since the punthi was found shorn of its pages including the opening and ending ones, its original name could not be ascertained. A slip inside the punthi reveals that it was initially preserved in the royal library of Bishnupur under the name of Sri Krishna Sandarva. However, the punthi, edited and rechristened as Shreekrishna Kirtana by Bidvatballava, was published by Vangiya Sahitya Parishad in 1916. Origin\n\nQuestion: What is Beekman Winthrop", "output": "Beekman Winthrop was an American lawyer, government official and banker."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Sciotoville Bridge is a steel continuous truss bridge carrying railway tracks belonging to CSX Transportation across the Ohio River between Siloam - a junction located north of Limeville, Kentucky and east of South Shore, Kentucky - and Sciotoville, Ohio in the United States. Designed by Gustav Lindenthal, the bridge was constructed in 1916 by Chesapeake and Ohio Railway subsidiary Chesapeake and Ohio Northern Railway as part of a new route between Ashland, Kentucky and Columbus, Ohio. The bridge is continuous across two spans, and is considered an engineering marvel. It held the record for longest continuous truss span in the world from its opening until 1945. See also List of crossings of the Ohio River List of longest continuous truss bridge spans References External links C&O Sciotoville Bridge at Bridges & Tunnels Colossus on the Ohio at Minford, Ohio Schools True story involving the Sciotoville Bridge Dipping Ice Cream\n\nPagan Dawn is a quarterly magazine featuring articles, reviews and research on polytheism, pantheism, cultural history and nature-based spirituality, published by the Pagan Federation in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1968 (thus pre-dating the Pagan Federation by three years) the journal was originally called The Wiccan until the name was changed in 1994 \"to reflect the growing number of non-Wiccan members of the Pagan Federation\". Pagan Dawn is based in London. Articles cover all aspects of modern and historic paganism, from Germanic neopaganism to wicca, shamanism, druidry, and esoterica. The magazine also includes news and announcements of workshops, conferences, moots, festivals, training, groups, other magazines, and many other pieces of information. References External links Pagan Dawn website 1968 establishments in the United Kingdom Magazines established in 1968 Modern paganism in the United Kingdom Modern pagan magazines Quarterly magazines published in the United Kingdom Wicca in the United Kingdom Magazines published\n\nThe Royal William Victualling Yard in Stonehouse, a suburb of Plymouth, England, was the major victualling depot of the Royal Navy and an important adjunct of Devonport Dockyard. It was designed by the architect Sir John Rennie and was named after King William IV. It was built between 1826 and 1835 and occupies a site of approximately being half of Western Kings, north of Devil's Point. The Yard was released from the Ministry of Defence (MOD) in 1992 and subsequently passed to the Plymouth Development Corporation. Upon the Corporation's closure in 1999, the Yard was then passed to The South West Regional Development Agency (SWRDA) who funded and carried out the extensive c. \u00a360m restoration of the structural fabric of the majority of principal buildings and infrastructure within the yard between 1999 and 2008. During this period the buildings were recategorised from Scheduled Monuments to Grade I/II listed buildings. Private\n\nQuestion: What's Pagan Dawn?", "output": "Pagan Dawn is a quarterly magazine featuring articles, reviews and research on polytheism, pantheism, cultural history and nature-based spirituality, published by the Pagan Federation in the United Kingdom."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In logic and computer science, the Boolean satisfiability problem (sometimes called propositional satisfiability problem and abbreviated SATISFIABILITY, SAT or B-SAT) is the problem of determining if there exists an interpretation that satisfies a given Boolean formula. In other words, it asks whether the variables of a given Boolean formula can be consistently replaced by the values TRUE or FALSE in such a way that the formula evaluates to TRUE. If this is the case, the formula is called satisfiable. On the other hand, if no such assignment exists, the function expressed by the formula is FALSE for all possible variable assignments and the formula is unsatisfiable. For example, the formula \"a AND NOT b\" is satisfiable because one can find the values a = TRUE and b = FALSE, which make (a AND NOT b) = TRUE. In contrast, \"a AND NOT a\" is unsatisfiable. SAT is the first problem\n\nMarcel Ernest Lachemann (born June 13, 1941) is an American professional baseball executive and a former player, manager and pitching coach in Major League Baseball (MLB). As a player, he was a relief pitcher for the Oakland Athletics. Career After a three-year stint (1969\u201371) in MLB, he became the pitching coach for the California Angels in 1984. Lachemann stayed with the Angels until the 1993 season, when he was named pitching coach of the newly formed Florida Marlins by his younger brother, manager Rene. His elder brother, Bill, is also a longtime baseball coach and manager who served as Marcel's bullpen coach with the Angels. In 1994, he replaced Buck Rodgers as manager of the Angels. In 1995, the Angels improved markedly and at one point were 11 games ahead of the Seattle Mariners in August, but suffered a historic collapse and lost a one-game playoff at the end of\n\nRajendrasinh Ghanshyamsinh Rana (born 22 May 1956) is an Indian politician who was a member of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament of India, from 1996 to 2014. He is the great grandson of S. R. Rana (1870\u20131957), who was an Indian political activist, founding member of the Paris Indian Society and the vice-president of the Indian Home Rule Society. Political career He represented the Bhavnagar constituency of Gujarat for five terms of the Parliament. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and served as the President of the state unit of BJP from 1998 to 2006. He did not contest 2014 Indian general election. References External links Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Gujarat 1956 births Living people India MPs 2004\u20132009 India MPs 2009\u20132014 India MPs 1996\u20131997 India MPs 1998\u20131999 India MPs 1999\u20132004 Lok Sabha members from\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Rajendrasinh Ghanshyamsinh Rana.", "output": "Rajendrasinh Ghanshyamsinh Rana is an Indian politician who was a member of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament of India, from 1996 to 2014."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Du\u0161an Slobodn\u00edk (11 April 1927, Pezinok - 13 December 2001, Bratislava) was a Slovak literary theoretician, translator and politician. Early life He attended the elementary school and high school in Zvolen. In February and March 1945 (at the time of the First Slovak Republic), as a member of the semi-obligatory organisation Hlinka Youth, he is said to have participated in a training course led by the German secret service in Sekule. At the end of World War II, before he could pass the matura, he was abducted by the Soviet SMERSH into a Russian gulag, where he spent the years 1945 - 1954 (he was supposed to spend 15 years there, but was released after Joseph Stalin's death on an amnesty). Back in Slovakia, he passed his matura and started to study Slovak language and literature in Bratislava. He was excluded by the Communists from the school for being \"politically\n\nKathy Rinaldi-Stunkel (born March 24, 1967) is a former professional American tennis player, who retired in September 1997. In her career, she won three singles and two doubles titles on the WTA Tour, and reached the semifinals of the 1985 Wimbledon Championships. Career Rinaldi reached her highest career ranking on May 26, 1986, when she was ranked world No. 7. The recipient of WTA Most Impressive Newcomer Award in 1981 and WTA Comeback Player of the Year Award in 1989, she had career wins over top players such as Steffi Graf, Jana Novotn\u00e1, Sue Barker, Pam Shriver, Hana Mandl\u00edkov\u00e1, Wendy Turnbull, Manuela Maleeva, Dianne Fromholtz, Helena Sukov\u00e1, Claudia Kohde-Kilsch, Zina Garrison, Sylvia Hanika, Kathy Jordan, Jo Durie, and Natasha Zvereva. Rinaldi was the youngest player to win a match at Wimbledon (14 years, 91 days) in 1981, a record that stood until 1990. After the 1987 French Open, she suffered\n\nArnold Denny \"Stilts\" Risen (October 9, 1924 \u2013 August 4, 2012) was an American professional basketball player. A 6'9\" (2.06 m) center, he led the Ohio State University Buckeyes to two straight Final Four appearances. Risen had transferred to Ohio State from Eastern Kentucky State Teacher's College. Risen played professionally in the NBA for ten seasons (1948\u20131958) as a member of the Rochester Royals and Boston Celtics. Risen was a four-time All-Star and two-time NBA Champion, and he scored 7,633 points in his NBA career. He was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1998, Ohio State's Varsity \"O\" Hall of Fame in 2004, the College Basketball Hall of Fame in 2006, and the Ohio Basketball Hall of Fame in 2008. Because he settled in Beachwood, Ohio, after his professional career, he was also inducted into the Greater Cleveland Sports Hall of Fame in 2008. Risen died\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Arnie Risen is.", "output": "Arnold Denny \"Stilts\" Risen was an American professional basketball player."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Field Mill, currently known as One Call Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is a football ground in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, England, and the home of Mansfield Town Football Club. It is the oldest ground in the Football League, hosting football since 1861, although some reports date it back as far as 1850. The stadium has a capacity of 10,000 when fully open, but due to safety restrictions, it currently holds 9,186 The stadium once hosted a pop concert under the previous owner, Keith Haslam, but the sale included a clause preventing use for non-sports events until 2032. The ground is now fully owned by John and Carolyn Radford after a series of payment installments from 2012 were concluded in early 2019. History Before Mansfield Town 'Field Mill' was originally the name of a large, stone-built, water-powered textile-mill with its own mill pond. The mill was located directly across the road from the\n\nBooker Reese (born September 20, 1959) is a former American football defensive end who played four seasons for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and the Los Angeles Rams from 1982 to 1985 in the National Football League (NFL). Although not picked until the second round in the 1982 NFL Draft, Reese is considered to be the biggest draft bust in Buccaneers history due to the unusual circumstances in which he was ultimately chosen. Reese played college football in Bethune-Cookman College and was drafted in the second round of the 1982 NFL Draft by the Buccaneers. The Buccaneers intended to draft him in the first round, but a broken communication resulted in their mistakenly drafting Sean Farrell. Lacking a second round pick in 1982, the Buccaneers were so convinced of Reese's talent that they traded a future first round pick in the 1983 NFL Draft to the Chicago Bears in order to\n\nThe Clerk of the Rolls () is a judge and Head of the Judiciary in the Isle of Man. This position was formerly distinct from that of the Deemsters but now the Clerk of the Rolls is held jointly with the office of First Deemster. The Clerk of the Rolls formerly had a seat in the Legislative Council. The current Clerk of the Rolls and First Deemster is His Honour Andrew Corlett QC. Clerks of the Rolls John Quayle, 1736-1755 John Quayle, 1755-1797 Mark Hildesley Quayle, 1797 - 1804 Thomas Stowell, 1804 - 1821 John McHutchin, 1821-1847 Mark Hildesley Quayle, 1847-1879 Alfred Walter Adams, 1879-1882 Sir Alured Dumbell, 1883-1900 Sir James Gell, 1900-1905 Thomas Kneen, 1905 - 1916 Stewart Stevenson Moore, 1916-1918 In 1918, the Judicature (Amendment) Act 1918 amalgamated the offices of Clerk of the Rolls and First Deemster. Thus the Clerk of the Rolls is now the First\n\nQuestion: What is Field Mill?", "output": "Field Mill, currently known as One Call Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is a football ground in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, England, and the home of Mansfield Town Football Club."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Haltern am See (Haltern at the lake, before December 2001 only Haltern) is a town and a municipality in the district of Recklinghausen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated on the Lippe and the Wesel\u2013Datteln Canal, approx. north of Recklinghausen. The town is about north of D\u00fcsseldorf. Geography and Nature Haltern am See is a picturesque city in western Germany with an abundance of natural beauty in its surroundings. The city is situated on the shores of the Halterner Stausee, which is a popular destination for swimming, boating, and hiking. The area around the lake is characterized by lush green forests, rolling hills, and sprawling meadows. The town is surrounded by several nature reserves, including the Hohe Mark Nature Park, which is known for its diverse flora and fauna. Here, visitors can hike through dense forests and spot rare birds and other wildlife. During winter, tourists can experience traditional\n\nAlexa Loo (born October 6, 1972) is a Canadian athlete, accountant and politician, serving as city councillor for Richmond, British Columbia since 2014. As a snowboarder, she competed in the parallel giant slalom at the 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics. Early life and family Loo was born in Vancouver and raised in the adjacent city of Richmond, British Columbia. Her father is Chinese-Canadian, and her mother is of French-English ancestry. She attended the University of British Columbia, where she competed as both a rower and swimmer for the Thunderbirds. After graduating with a bachelor of commerce degree in 1994, she joined accounting firm KPMG, eventually gaining the chartered accountant designation. Loo married Ari Goosen shortly after the 2010 Winter Olympics; the couple has two sons. Snowboarding career She began snowboarding at 15 years old, and joined a racing club in 1995. By the 2000s, she was coached by Mark Fawcett;\n\nSir John Alistair Graham (born 6 August 1942) is a British trade unionist who was Chairman of the Committee on Standards in Public Life from 2003 until April 2007. He was born in Northumberland, and was educated at the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle. He is a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Personnel Development and the Institute of Training and Development. He has been a visiting Fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford (1984\u20131991). He has Honorary Doctorates from the Open University and from Bradford University. He was appointed (Knight Bachelor) in the 2000 New Year Honours for services to the Parades Commission for Northern Ireland. Sir Alistair has had a long and varied career in public service. Between 1966 and 1986 he worked for the trade union, the Civil and Public Services Association (CPSA) as Assistant Secretary, Assistant General Secretary, Deputy General Secretary and, finally, General Secretary. His next post was\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Alistair Graham.", "output": "Sir John Alistair Graham is a British trade unionist who was  Chairman of the Committee on Standards in Public Life from 2003 until April 2007."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Book of Lamentations (, , from its incipit meaning \"how\") is a collection of poetic laments for the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BCE. In the Hebrew Bible it appears in the Ketuvim (\"Writings\") as one of the Five Megillot (or \"Five Scrolls\") alongside the Song of Songs, Book of Ruth, Ecclesiastes and the Book of Esther although there is no set order. In the Christian Old Testament it follows the Book of Jeremiah, as the prophet Jeremiah is its traditional author. However, according to modern scholarship, while the destruction of Jerusalem by Babylon in 586/7 BCE forms the background to the poems, they were most likely not written by Jeremiah. What has been instead proposed is that each of the book's chapters was written by a different anonymous poet, which were then joined to form the book. Some motifs of a traditional Mesopotamian \"city lament\" are evident in\n\nThe Australian Children's Choir (ACC), founded in 1976, is a mixed-voice children's choir based in Melbourne, Australia, and consisting of some 200 boys and girls aged 5 to 20 in six different training ensembles. The choir has developed a strong reputation for its refined performances, varied repertoire and the production of fine young musicians, many of whom have gone on to pursue successful musical careers. Members There are approximately 200 singers in the choir, ranging in age from 5 to 20, and composed of five groups: Lyrebirds, Melody, Harmony, Intermediate, Treble, and Senior Choristers. The young singers who comprise the Senior Choir of the Australian Children's Choir meet twice a week to rehearse outside school hours, and must demonstrate a high degree of musical ability, personal organisation and concentration to become join its ranks. In return, they receive many musical and social opportunities, and take on the role of young\n\n\"Deep in the Heart of Texas\" is an American popular song about Texas. The 1941 song features lyrics by June Hershey and music by Don Swander. There were no fewer than five versions in the Billboard charts in 1942. \"Deep in the Heart of Texas\" spent five weeks at the top of Your Hit Parade in 1942 during its twelve weeks stay. Notable recordings 1942 chart recordings Alvino Rey and his Orchestra (vocal by Bill Schallen and Skeets Herfurt), recorded November 21, 1941, Bluebird 11391) \u2013 this topped the Billboard charts in 1942 during a ten-week stay. Ted Weems and His Orchestra (vocal by Perry Como \u2013 recorded on December 9, 1941 for Decca Records in Los Angeles, California. It was a single release (4138 A) on the flip side of the song \"Ollie Ollie Out's in Free\". This also charted with a peak position of No. 23. The Merry\n\nQuestion: What is Book of Lamentations?", "output": "The Book of Lamentations is a collection of poetic laments for the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BCE."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Suad Amiry () (born 1951) is a Palestinian author and architect living in the West Bank city of Ramallah. Education Her parents went from Palestine to Amman, Jordan. She was brought up there and went to Lebanon's capital of Beirut to study architecture. She studied architecture at the American University of Beirut, the University of Michigan, and the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. Personal life When she returned to Ramallah as a tourist in 1981, she met Salim Tamari, whom she married later, and stayed. Career Her book Sharon and My Mother-in-Law has been translated into 19 languages, the last one in Arabic, which was a bestseller in France, and was awarded in 2004 the prestigious Viareggio Prize in Italy together with Italo-Israeli Manuela Dviri, a journalist, playwright, and writer whose son was killed by a Hezbollah rocket during a confrontation while he was serving in the Israeli Army. From 1991\n\nBegomovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Geminiviridae. They are plant viruses that as a group have a very wide host range, infecting dicotyledonous plants. Worldwide they are responsible for a considerable amount of economic damage to many important crops such as tomatoes, beans, squash, cassava and cotton. There are 445 species in this genus. Morphology Virus particles are non-enveloped. The nucleocapsid is 38 nanometers (nm) long and 15\u201322 nm in diameter. While particles have basic icosahedral symmetry, they consist of two incomplete icosahedra\u2014missing one vertex\u2014joined together. There are 22 capsomeres per nucleocapsid. Genome Single stranded closed circular DNA. Many begomoviruses have a bipartite genome: this means that the genome is segmented into two segments (referred to as DNA A and DNA B) that are packaged into separate particles. Both segments are generally required for successful symptomatic infection in a host cell but DNA B is dependent for\n\nAli Al Shargawi () is a leading Bahraini poet, lyricist and playwright whose work has been translated into English, German, Bulgarian, Russian, Kurdish, and French. Born in Manama in 1948, he started publishing his poetry in 1968, and quickly gained prominence in Arab newspapers and magazines. His involvement in the theatre began when he joined the Awal Theatre Company, the oldest theatre group in Bahrain. In 2002, he was awarded Best Play in Bahrain's Theatrical Authorship Competition and was a recipient of the Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa Medal in 2001 and the Competence Medal in 2002. x () is a Bahraini. Biography Ali bin Ahmed bin Jassim Al Shargawi was born in 1948 in the capital of Manama. He obtained his high school diploma in 1967 and an undergraduate degree from the Institute of the Humanities in Iraq in 1971 before attending further schooling in the United Kingdom\n\nQuestion: Who is Suad Amiry?", "output": "Suad Amiry is a Palestinian author and architect living in the West Bank city of Ramallah."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Robert Hayes Gore (May 24, 1886 \u2013 December 26, 1972) was an American politician and incredibly successful newspaper publisher who was appointed as the governor of Puerto Rico, serving from July 1933 to January 1934. Early life He was born in Knottsville, Kentucky and attended local schools. He became a newspaper writer after being fascinated by papers as a boy. Marriage and family Gore married and he and his wife had nine children. Newspaper career He went on to become an editor-publisher in the Scripps chain, soon heading newspapers in Evansville, Indiana, and Terre Haute, Indiana. While the editor-publisher of the Terre Haute Post, Gore conceived the idea of \"giving away\" $1,000 travel life insurance policies with new newspaper subscriptions. After securing an underwriter, Gore took his program nationwide. Within a year, he was worth just over a hundred million dollars (2.6 billion in 2015), later establishing another publishing house\n\nThe Odin-class submarine (or \"O class\") was a class of nine submarines developed and built for the Royal Navy (RN) in the 1920s. The prototype, , was followed by two boats originally ordered for the Royal Australian Navy, but transferred to the RN in 1931 because of the poor economic situation in Australia, and six modified boats ordered for the RN. Three modified boats were built for the Chilean Navy as the s in 1929. Design The class was built to replace the ageing L-class submarines which did not have adequate endurance for use in the Pacific Ocean. These boats were theoretically able to dive to , though none were formally tested beyond . Armament consisted of eight torpedo tubes (6 bow, 2 stern) and one gun. The boats were of a saddle tank type with fuel carried in riveted external tanks. These external tanks proved vulnerable to leaking after\n\nThe Music Box Theatre is a Broadway theater at 239 West 45th Street (George Abbott Way) in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. Opened in 1921, the Music Box Theatre was designed by C. Howard Crane in a Palladian-inspired style and was constructed for Irving Berlin and Sam H. Harris. It has 1,025 seats across two levels and is operated by The Shubert Organization. Both the facade and the auditorium interior are New York City landmarks. The facade is made of limestone and is symmetrically arranged, with both Palladian and neo-Georgian motifs. At ground level, the eastern portion of the facade contains the theater's entrance, with a marquee over it, while the stage door is to the west. A double-height central colonnade at the second and third floors conceals a fire-escape staircase; it is flanked by windows in the outer bays. The auditorium contains Adam style\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Odin-class submarine is.", "output": "The Odin-class submarine was a class of nine submarines developed and built for the Royal Navy in the 1920s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "David John Hugh Cockayne FRS FInstP (19 March 1942 \u2013 22 December 2010) was Professor in the physical examination of materials in the Department of Materials at the University of Oxford and professorial fellow at Linacre College from 2000 to 2009. He was the president of the International Federation of Societies for Microscopy from 2003 till 2007, then vice-president 2007 to 2010. Cockayne was an electron microscopist who played an important role in the development of weak-beam transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and in the application of high resolution TEM to diamond, fullerenes and semiconductors. Biography Cockayne was born in Balham, London, the second of three children of John Henry Cockayne, policeman and later staff manager, and his wife, Ivy, n\u00e9e Hatton. In 1950, when he was 8, the family sailed from Tilbury on the Otranto, bound for Melbourne; their new home was to be in the Geelong area of Victoria.\n\nChinatown in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, also called Adelaide Chinatown () or Moonta Street Chinatown, is located on Moonta Street, within the large Adelaide Central Markets precinct between Grote and Gouger streets in the Adelaide city centre. Two large Paifang, which were erected by the city council, are guarded by the Chinese guardian lions. They mark the entrances at either end. Adelaide Chinatown consists mainly of Chinese restaurants, grocery stores and markets but also consists of many non-Chinese Asian restaurants offering cuisines of Indian, Japanese, Korean, Malaysian, Nepali, Thai and Vietnamese origins. History The first dozen Chinese labourers arrived from Singapore in Adelaide in 1847 to work as indentured shepherds. Many Chinese people disembarked in the port towns of South Australia before travelling overland to the Victorian goldfields due to immigration restrictions in Victoria. Chinatown in Adelaide began to grow in the 1970s and 1980s with the influx of Asian\n\nMatt Kennedy Gould (born October 4, 1975) is an American former television personality. He rose to prominence in 2003, when he was the protagonist of The Joe Schmo Show, a fake reality show in which, unbeknownst to him, all the participants but Gould were actors portraying broad reality show participant archetypes. Background Gould is a native of Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania, and graduated from Pennsylvania State University in 1999 with a degree in speech communications. Gould attended the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, but dropped out prior to completion. After dropping out, Gould began living with his parents and working as a pizza delivery man. The Joe Schmo Show Gould was playing basketball with friends at a Jewish Community Center in the South Hills section of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania when a casting director for SpikeTV's The Joe Schmo Show spotted him. Gould auditioned for the show, and was selected as its\n\nQuestion: Who is David Cockayne", "output": "David John Hugh Cockayne FRS FInstP was Professor in the physical examination of materials in the Department of Materials at the University of Oxford and professorial fellow at Linacre College from 2000 to 2009."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Whose Bed Have Your Boots Been Under?\" is a song by Canadian country music singer Shania Twain. It was issued to radio January 2, 1995, in the US, as the first single released from her second studio album The Woman in Me (1995). The song was the first single that Twain co-wrote with her then-husband Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange. The song became Twain's first hit on country radio, peaking at number 11. Radio stations began putting the song into high rotation after they noticed high amounts of the album selling. The commercial single of the song was released in June 1995 in the US as a double A-side single alongside \"Any Man of Mine\". In August 1995, the single was certified Gold for 500,000 sales, making it Twain's first Gold single. The song won the SOCAN Song of the Year award at the Canadian Country Music Awards in 1995. Music\n\nTigranes III (50s BC\u20138 BC) was a prince of the Kingdom of Armenia and member of the Artaxiad dynasty who served as a Roman client king of Armenia. Family background and early life Tigranes III was the second son born to Artavasdes II of Armenia by an unnamed mother. Tigranes III had an elder brother called Artaxias II and an unnamed sister who possibly married King Archelaus of Cappadocia. He was born and raised in Armenia. Tigranes III was the namesake of his paternal grandfather, a previous ruling Armenian King Tigranes the Great, also known as Tigranes II. Life in Roman captivity and rise to the Armenian kingship The Roman Triumvir Mark Antony had captured Artavasdes II with his family, in which they were taken as political prisoners to Alexandria where Artavasdes II was later executed there on the orders of Ptolemaic Greek Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt. In 34\n\nThe Lestidae are a rather small family of cosmopolitan, large-sized, slender damselflies, known commonly as the spreadwings or spread-winged damselflies. Characteristics While most damselflies rest with their wings folded together, most members of the family Lestidae hold them at an angle away from their bodies. The pterostigma (a single dark spot in the meshwork of the leading edge near the tip of each wing) is noticeably elongated. The quadrilateral (a part of the wing venation, close to the body) has an acute angle at the end. The body has a greenish, metallic shine. The superior anal appendages, commonly called claspers (body parts of male insect for clasping the female during copulation) of male spreadwings are long and strongly curved. Breeding takes place in slow-moving or still water in stream backwaters, swamps, marshes and temporary pools. The nymphs have a long abdomen and a distinctive prementum (part of the lower lip).\n\nQuestion: What is Tigranes III?", "output": "Tigranes III was a prince of the Kingdom of Armenia and member of the Artaxiad dynasty who served as a Roman client king of Armenia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Negombo Tamils or Puttalam Tamils are the Tamil speaking ethnic Karavas who live in the western Gampaha and Puttalam districts of Sri Lanka. They are distinguished from other Tamils from the island nation by their unique dialects, one of which is known as Negombo Tamil dialect. Other sub categories of native Tamils of Sri Lanka are Jaffna Tamils or Northern Tamils and Batticalao Tamils or Eastern Tamils from the traditional Tamil dominant North and East of the Island nation. Negombo is a principal coastal city in the Gampaha District and Puttalam is also the principal city within the neighbouring Puttalam District. Assimilation The main feature of the Negombo Tamils is the continuing process of assimilation into the majority Sinhalese ethnic group, a process known as Sinhalisation. This process is enabled via a number of caste myths and legends. In the Gampaha district ethnic Tamils have historically inhabited the coastal belt,\n\nPr\u00eamio Brasil Ol\u00edmpico (Brazil Olympic Prize) is the name given to the highest recognition that a Brazilian athlete can receive nationally. History and configuration The award was created in 1999 by the Brazilian Olympic Committee (BOC), who wanted to have a form of maximum recognition that could be bestowed upon the Brazilian athletes that were considered to have been the best in the country. The first installment of the award was held in S\u00e3o Paulo, but every other ceremony thereafter has been held in Rio de Janeiro. A strike of the Theatro Municipal employees in 2016 postponed the ceremony until March 29, 2017. In order to be eligible, an athlete must be affiliated to a sport's Confederation whose sport is part of the Olympic Program. The athlete is then nominated by his or her Confederation for a vote that will determine the best athlete in the country for each sport\n\nBeast over Hammersmith is a live album by the English heavy metal band Iron Maiden, released on 4 November 2002. Recorded 20 years previously, during The Beast on the Road tour at the Hammersmith Odeon, the footage was specially co-produced and mixed by Steve Harris and Doug Hall to be a part of the Eddie's Archive box set. Even though this album contains material from The Number of the Beast, it was actually recorded two days prior to its release, although \"Run to the Hills\" had already been released as a single. The album became officially available for the very first time on vinyl as part of the Number of the Beast 40th anniversary special edition on 18 November 2022. An abridged video version of the concert is included on the first disc of the 2004 DVD, The History of Iron Maiden \u2013 Part 1: The Early Days. Intended to\n\nQuestion: What is Beast over Hammersmith", "output": "Beast over Hammersmith is a live album by the English heavy metal band Iron Maiden, released on 4 November 2002."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "KAUR (89.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting programming from Minnesota Public Radio's News & Information service. Licensed to Augustana University in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States, the station serves the greater Sioux Falls area and can reliably broadcast up to approximately 30 miles in any direction. The station is currently owned by Augustana University and operated by MPR. All programming originates from the Twin Cities, but the station has inserts at least once an hour for local underwriting and weather. MPR also maintains a small office space on the Augustana campus. History Up until 2009, KAUR specialized in independent or college rock and also broadcast regular Alternative, Blues/Jazz, Folk, Spanish Traditional, Hip-Hop, and Hardcore/Metal shows. KAUR was founded in 1972 and Augustana University also once managed a self-constructed AM station, which, itself, was founded in 1945. By 2009, KAUR had begun to experience a number of problems. Amongst\n\nCharles Wilfrid (or Wilfred) Scott-Giles (24 October 1893 \u2013 1982) was an English writer on heraldry and an officer of arms, who served as Fitzalan Pursuivant Extraordinary. Life Charles Wilfrid Giles was born in Southampton on 24 October 1893, the son of Charles Giles, sometime Chairman of the Parliamentary Press Gallery. He was educated at Emanuel School in Battersea in London, and served in the First World War in the Royal Army Service Corps. Between 1919 and 1922 he read history at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He then worked on the parliamentary staff of the Press Association before being appointed as secretary of the Institution of Municipal and County Engineers in 1928. In 1946 he became secretary of the Public Works and Municipal Services Congress and Exhibition Council. In July 1928 he assumed the surname \"Scott-Giles\" by deed poll. He became a leading authority on heraldry, and wrote a number\n\nThe Leinster Schools Junior Challenge Cup is an under-age rugby union competition for schools affiliated to the Leinster Branch of the IRFU. Background The Leinster Schools Junior Cup competition is confined to students under the age of 16. The cup is held every January - March with the final in late March. It is usually seen as a good forecast as who will win the Leinster Schools Senior Cup in the following years. The first recorded Junior Cup was held in 1909 where St. Andrew's College edged out Belvedere to take the \"inaugural\" cup. There is speculation that the competition was in existence before this but there are no surviving records to prove this. In recent years the competition has been dominated by Blackrock College and St. Michael's College, who from 2011 to 2020 had a stranglehold on the trophy. Though Newbridge College have begun to emerge as Junior Cup\n\nQuestion: What is KAUR?", "output": "KAUR is a radio station broadcasting programming from Minnesota Public Radio's News & Information service."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mark Hetzler (born 1968 in Sarasota, Florida) is an American trombonist and former member of the Empire Brass Quintet. Hetzler has performed with the Minnesota Orchestra, Boston Pops, Hartford Symphony Orchestra, Springfield Symphony Orchestra, Florida Orchestra, and the Boston Symphony Orchestra. As a member of the Empire Brass Quintet from 1996\u20132012, he performed in recital and as a soloist with symphony orchestras in Australia, Taiwan, Korea, China, Venezuela, Brazil, Japan, Hong Kong, Germany, Italy, Austria, Malaysia, Singapore, Switzerland, Bermuda, St. Bartholomew and across the United States. He appeared with the Empire Brass Quintet on live television and radio broadcasts in Asia and the United States. He is on several of the critically acclaimed Empire Brass CDs on the Telarc label, including Firedance, The Glory of Gabrieli, and a recording of Baroque music for Brass and Organ. Hetzler has recorded ten solo albums released on Summit Records; he has also recorded\n\nLynnette Marie O'Nan (n\u00e9e Cole; born February 9, 1978) is an American television personality, actress, and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title Miss Tennessee USA in 2000. She went on to become the first woman from that state to win the Miss USA pageant, which was held in Branson, Missouri on February 4, 2000. Cole hails from Columbia, Tennessee and was twenty-one years old when she won the national crown. Family background Cole is of Puerto Rican heritage. At ten months old, she was living in foster care with her older brother when they were adopted by Gail and Larry Cole, who had to move interstate to circumvent a law prohibiting adoption of children from a different race. Her adoptive parents had previously been foster parents to a succession of over 100 children. Pageants Cole's first major pageant win came in 1995 when she won the title Miss Tennessee\n\nVictoria Louise Pendleton, , OLY (born 24 September 1980) is a British jockey and former track cyclist who specialised in the sprint, team sprint and keirin disciplines. She is a former Olympic, World, European and Commonwealth champion. With two Olympic gold medals and one silver, Pendleton is one of Great Britain's most successful female Olympians. Pendleton represented Great Britain and England in international cycling competition, winning nine world titles including a record six in the individual sprint, dominating the event between 2005 and 2012. In 2008 she won the sprint in the Beijing Olympics, and in 2012, she won the gold medal in the keirin at the London Olympics, as well as silver in the sprint. She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2009 New Year Honours and Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2013 New Year Honours\n\nQuestion: Who is Mark Hetzler?", "output": "Mark Hetzler is an American trombonist and former member of the Empire Brass Quintet."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mika\u0142aj U\u0142a\u0161\u010dyk (Belarusian language: \u041c\u0456\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0423\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0447\u044b\u043a Mikalai Ulashchyk; Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u043b\u0430\u0449\u0438\u043a; February 14, 1906 \u2013 November 22, 1986) was a Belarusian academic historian and archaeologist known for significant contributions to the research in the medieval history of Belarus. Biography He was born in the village of Vicka\u016d\u0161\u010dyna close to Minsk. His birthplace later became a subject of one of his works. In 1929 Mika\u0142aj U\u0142a\u0161\u010dyk graduated from the Belarusian State University, specialised in history. In 1930 he was arrested by the NKVD together with a large number of Belarusian intellectuals accused of \"anti-Soviet activity\" and \"nationalism\" within the framed-up Case of the Union of Liberation of Belarus. He was deported to a labor camp close to Vyatka. After his release in 1935 he was again twice arrested and imprisoned in the following years (1941\u20131942, 1950\u20131955) because of his active opposing the official Soviet propagandist historiography. After the final release\n\nThe Mayfair Exponential Game System or MEGS is a rules system developed for role-playing games. The name comes from what fans called the game system for DC Heroes, which was also later used for Underground (1993). It is noteworthy for its use of an exponential system for measuring nearly everything in the game. This system makes it possible to have both cosmically-powered characters and ordinary human characters meaningfully interact within the same universe. For example, in DC Heroes, the first game to use MEGS, Superman's strength is several orders of magnitude more than Batman's. With the MEGS system, however, this large difference in strength is scaled down. So, while Superman would still have a clear advantage in a brawl, Batman is at least able to hold out for a while, mirroring how superhero combat often operates in comic books. History MEGS was originally developed for the company Mayfair Games for\n\nJasper Motorsports was a NASCAR Nextel Cup team. It was owned by a variety of owners including D.K. Ulrich and Doug Bawel. 1970s\u20131980s The car started in 1971 at what turned out to be the only Winston Cup race at Smoky Mountain Raceway as the No. 41 Ford owned and driven by Ulrich, who finished 29th out of 30 cars for heating problems on the 4th lap. Ulrich ran full-time for a couple of years, but normally he stepped aside and let other drivers race for him. During his tenure as an owner, he employed many younger drivers. Sterling Marlin, Tim Richmond, Morgan Shepherd, and Mark Martin all went on to successful careers after piloting Ulrich's car. In 1987, Ulrich noticed a young short track driver from California named Ernie Irvan, who qualified 20th in a Dale Earnhardt-sponsored car for a race that Ulrich didn't make. Ulrich put the aggressive\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Mayfair Exponential Game System is.", "output": "The Mayfair Exponential Game System or MEGS is a rules system developed for role-playing games."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Luis Marden (born Annibale Luigi Paragallo) (January 25, 1913 \u2013 March 3, 2003) was an American photographer, explorer, writer, filmmaker, diver, navigator, and linguist who worked for National Geographic Magazine. He worked as a photographer and reporter before serving as chief of the National Geographic foreign editorial staff. He was a pioneer in the use of color photography, both on land and underwater, and also made many discoveries in the world of science. Though he officially retired in 1976, Marden continued to write occasional stories. In total, he wrote more than 60 articles for the magazine. Background Born in Chelsea, Massachusetts, of Italian heritage, Marden went by the name Louis Paragallo while growing up in nearby Quincy. Marden was introduced to photography at a chemistry class while attending Quincy Senior High School. His interest was intense and lasting. In 1932, at the age of 19, he wrote a book called\n\nAn anagram is a word or phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly once. For example, the word anagram itself can be rearranged into nag a ram; which is an Easter egg in Google when searching for the word \"anagram\"; the word binary-into brainy and the word adobe-into abode. The original word or phrase is known as the subject of the anagram. Any word or phrase that exactly reproduces the letters in another order is an anagram. Someone who creates anagrams may be called an \"anagrammatist\", and the goal of a serious or skilled anagrammatist is to produce anagrams that reflect or comment on their subject. Examples Anagrams may be created as a commentary on the subject. They may be a parody, a criticism or satire. For example: \"New York Times\" = \"monkeys write\" \"Church of Scientology\" =\n\nMenahem ben Solomon ben Isaac was a rabbi and author of the Sekel \u1e6cob and the Eben Bo\u1e25an. The presence of twenty-five Italian glosses in his works indicates that he lived in Italy. The Sekel \u1e6cob, written in 1139 at Rome, is a midrashic compilation on the Pentateuch. The substance of the old midrashim is quoted in smooth and ornate language, from which foreign words are excluded, the general method being that of Tobiah ben Eliezer's Le\u1e33a\u1e25 \u1e6cob, which is frequently quoted, both with and without acknowledgment. Menahem's sources, in addition to the Targumim, are the whole of the earlier midrashic literature as well as the literature of geonic mysticism. He interprets also halakic authors, especially Alfasi and R. Hananeel, explaining verses as well as single words literally, although he expressly states that the midrashic interpretation is deeper and more thorough. Sekel \u1e6cob is frequently quoted both for its exegesis\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Luis Marden.", "output": "Luis Marden was an American photographer, explorer, writer, filmmaker, diver, navigator, and linguist who worked for National Geographic Magazine."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "John Zeleny (March 26, 1872 \u2013 June 19, 1951) was an American physicist who, in 1911, invented the Zeleny electroscope. He also studied the effect of an electric field on a liquid meniscus. His work is seen by some as a beginning to emergent technologies like liquid metal ion sources and electrospraying and electrospinning. Zeleny was born in Racine, Wisconsin to a Czech immigrant couple from K\u0159\u00eddla. He was the older brother of Charles Zeleny. He attended the University of Minnesota (B.S., 1892), followed by Trinity College, Cambridge (B.A., 1899), and the University of Minnesota (PhD, 1906). Zeleny began his teaching career at the University of Minnesota after earning his B.A. in 1892. In 1915, he joined the faculty at Yale, where he was chairman of the physics department and director of graduate studies in physics until his retirement in 1940. References External links Zeleny Electroscope American physicists American people\n\nWrestling Society X (WSX) is a short-lived American professional wrestling promotion and professional wrestling-based television series created in 2006 by Big Vision Entertainment. The weekly television series formerly aired on MTV, MTV2, MTV Tr3s, and over a dozen other MTV outlets throughout the world. WSXtra, an extra program featuring WSX matches and interviews not broadcast on television, was available on the promotion's MTV website and Video on Demand. WSX was presented as a secret society of wrestling that used a venue referred to as the WSX Bunker, complete with an artificially worn-out looking ring for its matchups. In matches held within this venue, falls count anywhere was the stipulation. The program also stood out due to its unorthodox approach to pro wrestling; this included frequent use of highly expressive plants, crowd sound effects, electrical sound effects, visual effects, and camera shaking when a wrestler would fall prey to electrical weapons.\n\nLoose Screw is the eighth studio album by rock group the Pretenders, and was released in 2002. It was the first time that the Pretenders had the same credited band line-up (Chrissie Hynde, Martin Chambers, Andy Hobson and Adam Seymour) on three consecutive studio albums. Track listing All songs written by Adam Seymour and Chrissie Hynde, except where noted. \"Lie to Me\" \u2013 2:23 \"Time\" \u2013 3:58 \"You Know Who Your Friends Are\" \u2013 3:30 \"Complex Person\" \u2013 2:47 \"Fools Must Die\" \u2013 2:36 \"Kinda Nice, I Like It\" \u2013 3:37 \"Nothing Breaks Like a Heart\" (Hynde, Billy Steinberg, Tom Kelly) \u2013 3:28 \"I Should Of\" \u2013 4:03 \"Clean Up Woman\" \u2013 3:25 \"The Losing\" \u2013 4:51 \"Saving Grace\" (Hynde, Steinberg, Kelly) \u2013 3:20 \"Walk like a Panther\" (Richard Barratt, Jason Buckle, Jarvis Cocker, Dean Honer) \u2013 4:42 2003 UK and Brazil Eagle Records edition bonus tracks \"Complicada\" [\"Complex Person\"\n\nQuestion: What's Loose Screw?", "output": "Loose Screw is the eighth studio album by rock group the Pretenders, and was released in 2002."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Albanians ( ; , ) are an ethnic group native to the Balkan Peninsula who share a common Albanian ancestry, culture, history and language. They primarily live in Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia as well as in Croatia, Greece, Italy and Turkey. They also constitute a large diaspora with several communities established across Europe, the Americas and Oceania. Albanians have Paleo-Balkanic origins. Exclusively attributing these origins to the Illyrians, Thracians or other Paleo-Balkan people is still a matter of debate among historians and ethnologists. The first mention of the ethnonym Albanoi occurred in the 2nd century AD by Ptolemy describing an Illyrian tribe who lived around present-day central Albania. The first certain reference to Albanians as an ethnic group comes from 11th century chronicler Michael Attaleiates who describes them as living in the theme of Dyrrhachium. The Shkumbin River roughly demarcates the Albanian language between Gheg and Tosk\n\nThe Catholic Church in Burkina Faso is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. According to the CIA Factbook, in 2018, 17% of the population are members of the Catholic Church. History The first Catholics to enter what is today Burkina Faso arrived with the French colonialists in 1896. In 1900 and 1901 Catholic missions were established at Koup\u00e9la and Ouagadougou, respectively and Joanny Th\u00e9venoud, a missionary helped to firmly establish Catholicism in the country over the following five decades. Abb\u00e9 Yougbar\u00e9 was consecrated as the Bishop of Koup\u00e9la on 29 February 1956 and became the first African Catholic bishop. Persecution There have been several incidences of persecution against the Catholic Church in Burkina Faso over the past years. Recent cases include an attack on the minor seminary of Saint Kisito de Bougui, in February, which caused no fatalities, but much material\n\nRichard Epcar is an American voice actor, voice director, and writer who has voiced over 1,200 characters in animation, video games and anime. Some of his major roles include Raiden in the Mortal Kombat franchise, The Joker in several projects (including Mortal Kombat vs DC Universe, Injustice: Gods Among Us, Injustice 2 and Mortal Kombat 11), Yhwach and Zangetsu in Bleach, Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo in Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo, Etemon and Myotismon in Digimon, Batou in Ghost in the Shell, Xehanort/Ansem in Kingdom Hearts, Joseph Joestar in JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Stardust Crusaders and JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Diamond is Unbreakable, Black Ghost/Skull in Cyborg 009, Akuma in Street Fighter V (replacing Dave Mallow), Daisuke Jigen in Lupin the Third and Andrall in Gormiti Nature Unleashed. He and fellow voice actress Ellyn Stern own and operate Epcar Entertainment, a voice-over production service company based in Los Angeles. Filmography Anime Other Animation Film Video games {|\n\nQuestion: What is Catholic Church in Burkina Faso", "output": "The Catholic Church in Burkina Faso is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Morriston Orpheus Choir (), based in Morriston, near Swansea, Wales, is a male voice choir, one of the best-known in the UK. History The Choir was formed on April 23, 1935, by Ivor E. Sims and in its early days concentrated primarily on competitions and local concerts. In 1937, the Choir achieved its first success at the Royal National Eisteddfod in Machynlleth, going on to win at the \"National\" on six further occasions. The choir does not presently sing in competitions, preferring to concentrate on concert performances. Over the years, successive musical directors have developed and broadened the repertoire. Variety is now the hallmark of the Choir's performances which include arrangements by Alwyn Humphreys M.B.E., musical director from 1979 to January 2005 and now the Choir's Conductor Emeritus. In 2005 the Choir appointed its first female Musical Director Sian Pearce to replace Alwyn Humphreys who had decided to retire\n\nKeaney Gymnasium is a multi-purpose arena in Kingston, Rhode Island, United States on the campus of the University of Rhode Island. Built in 1953, it was the home of the university's men's and women's basketball teams until they moved to the adjacent Ryan Center in 2002. It is currently the home of the university's volleyball team. History The arena opened in 1953 and seats 3,385 (plus room for 500 standing-room only spectators). The arena was named in honor of Rhode Island football coach, chemistry professor, basketball coach and athletic director Frank Keaney. Seating is in a two-tiered arrangement, with the top tier being \"U\"-shaped. At the west end of the arena there are bleachers in the former stage area of the building. The arena hosted the NCAA basketball tournament first-round games for three years, from 1967 to 1969. Designed by Oresto DiSaia, it was built to replace Rodman Hall, a\n\nManuel Pi\u00f1ero S\u00e1nchez (born 1 September 1952) is a Spanish professional golfer. Pi\u00f1ero was born in Badajoz. He turned professional in 1968 and established himself on the European Tour in the early 1970s. He won nine titles on the Tour, the most prestigious of them the 1977 British PGA Championship. He featured in the top ten on the European Tour Order of Merit five times, including back to back fourth places in 1976 and 1977. Pi\u00f1ero was with Bing Crosby when Crosby died. On 14 October 1977, Pi\u00f1ero teamed up with Crosby in a recreational match against fellow Spanish pro Valent\u00edn Barrios and his amateur partner Cesar de Zulueta, owner of Moraleja Golf Course, where the match was played. Shortly after the match ended Crosby had a heart attack at the edge of the clubhouse and died instantaneously. Pi\u00f1ero played for Europe in two Ryder Cups. In 1981 he defeated\n\nQuestion: Who was Manuel Pi\u00f1ero?", "output": "Manuel Pi\u00f1ero S\u00e1nchez is a Spanish professional golfer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Jamnagar Refinery is a private sector crude oil refinery owned by Reliance Industries in Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. The refinery was commissioned on 14 July 1999 with an installed capacity of . Its current installed capacity is . It is currently the largest refinery in the world. History On 25 December 2001, Reliance Petroleum Limited (RPL) announced the commissioning of its refinery into a Special Economic Zone in Jamnagar district of Gujarat, India. The completion of the RPL refinery has enabled Jamnagar to emerge as a 'Refinery land', housing the world's largest refining complex with an aggregate refining capacity of of oil per day, more than any other single location in the world. The globally competitive RPL refinery was commissioned in 36 months. RPL contracted several companies having expertise in engineering construction and refining like Bechtel, UOP LLC and Foster Wheeler (Multinational Company) amongst others. There were plans for the\n\nAdichunchanagiri Institute of Technology (AIT) is an engineering college in Chikkamagaluru, Karnataka, India. It was founded in 1980 by Sri Adichunchanagiri Maha Samsthana Math. The college was initially affiliated during inception to the University of Mysore; in 1991 the college was re-affiliated to Kuvempu University when that university came into existence. It is currently affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University. Notable alumni This is a list of notable alumni who have excelled in engineering and other fields: Ashwin Karthik, born with cerebral palsy, became the first quadriplegic student in India to become a computer science engineering graduate. He is also the winner of a national scholarship for his engineering studies, which is awarded to only one physically challenged student in the entire country of India; National Award as 'Best Physically Challenged Individual in India' by the National Trust; in 2010 and National Award for the Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, which\n\nwas a Japanese seinen mixed-media magazine published by Kodansha, aimed at adult males, but particularly at hardcore anime and manga fans, featuring articles as well as manga tied into popular franchises. Original manga were also featured in the magazine. It was announced in September 2008 that Magazine Z would be discontinued. The last issue shipped on January 26, 2009. Manga artists and series serialized in Magazine Z Hideaki Nishikawa Apocrypha Getter Robot Dash (2008 to 2009) Yuu Watase Sakura Taisen (2005 to 2009) (manga commissioned by Sega Enterprises) Kia Asamiya Batman: Child of Dreams (2000 to 2001) (manga commissioned by DC Comics) Hoshi Itsuki Kurau Phantom Memory (2005) Skies of Arcadia (2000 to 2002) Baku Yumemakura/Sei Itoh Kouya ni Kemono Doukokusu (2004 to ???) Momotar\u014d Miyano/Masamune Shirow RD Sennou Chousashitsu (2008 to 2009) Takuya Fujima Deus Vitae (1999 to 2002) Free Collars Kingdom (2002 to 2003) Q Hayashida Maken X\n\nQuestion: Define Jamnagar Refinery.", "output": "The Jamnagar Refinery is a private sector crude oil refinery owned by Reliance Industries in Jamnagar, Gujarat, India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Chowka Bara or Ashta Chamma is a two- or four-player board game from India. This game is an example of a \u201cfully observable\u201d system that has an element of chance introduced by the roll of special dice and an element of strategy (the strategy being the pawn the player decides to move after the roll of the dice). While traditionally played with 4 or 6 cowry shells, dice can also be used. History The game of Chowka Bhara is one of the oldest board games in existence, still being played in certain parts of India. There are references to this game in some ancient Indian epics like the Mahabharata. Names This game is called by various names in different languages in different regions of India. This list shows the name, the language and then the region: Chauka Bara - Kannada - Mysuru region - Karnataka Katte Mane - Kannada -\n\nMendel Shapiro is a Jerusalem lawyer and Modern Orthodox Rabbi. He is the author of a halakhic analysis arguing that women could be called to read from the Torah in prayer services with men on Shabbat under certain conditions. His minority viewpoint, which contravened both tradition, and according to many poskim Halacha itself, became the subject of extensive dispute within the Modern Orthodox Jewish world. Gidon Rothstein wrote in the Rabbinical Council of America's flagship journal Tradition that Both for its inherent interest as an attempt to mine sources creatively and for its impact on the current Orthodox world, R. Shapiro's analysis deserves serious consideration. However, Rothstein went on to critique all of Shapiro's core arguments, saying they have \"conspicuously weak textual support,\" and concluded that Shapiro's analysis \"has not meaningfully succeeded\". Shapiro holds B.A. and M.S. degrees from Yeshiva University and a J.D. from Columbia Law School. He received\n\n.gc.ca is a privately held second-level domain in the .ca top-level domain. It is used by the Government of Canada and operated by Government Telecommunications and Informatics Services, which holds all third level domains under the .gc.ca banner. In 2012, the government of Canada had launched a plan to move all federal government sites to a single domain, \"canada.ca\". However, much of the plan was abandoned in 2017, with only a handful of departments and agencies such as the Canada Revenue Agency relocating; most government sites will remain under their own domains for the foreseeable future. In addition to many official government websites, a process has been implemented where many of the Canadian diplomatic mission locations also have gc.ca domains as well. (i.e. the Canadian High Commission in Barbados has a forwarding service from \"barbados.gc.ca\", or similarly the Consulate-General in Boston as \"boston.gc.ca\".) Government entities with a domain name under\n\nQuestion: What's Mendel Shapiro?", "output": "Mendel Shapiro is a Jerusalem lawyer and Modern Orthodox Rabbi."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "T-Coffee (Tree-based Consistency Objective Function for Alignment Evaluation) is a multiple sequence alignment software using a progressive approach. It generates a library of pairwise alignments to guide the multiple sequence alignment. It can also combine multiple sequences alignments obtained previously and in the latest versions can use structural information from PDB files (3D-Coffee). It has advanced features to evaluate the quality of the alignments and some capacity for identifying occurrence of motifs (Mocca). It produces alignment in the aln format (Clustal) by default, but can also produce PIR, MSF, and FASTA format. The most common input formats are supported (FASTA, PIR). Algorithm T-Coffee algorithm consist of two main features, the first by utilizing heterogeneous data sources it is able to provide simple and flexible means of generating multiple alignments. T-coffee can compute multiple alignments using a library that was generated using a mixture of local and global pair-wise alignments. The\n\nAshot II the Iron (; ) was king of the Bagratid kingdom of Armenia from 914 to 929. He was the son and successor of King Smbat I. His reign was filled with rebellions by vassals and pretenders to the throne, as well as foreign invasions, which Ashot fought off successfully, for which he is remembered by the epithet (\u0535\u0580\u056f\u0561\u0569), or the Iron. Reign Ashot II succeeded his father Smbat I upon the latter's death in 914. Smbat had fought off an invasion launched by the Emir of Atropatene, Yusuf Ibn Abi'l-Saj, but when Smbat surrendered he was tortured and beheaded by Yusuf in Yernjak. Having taken control of the central lands of Armenia, Yusuf installed Ashot II's first cousin, also named Ashot, in Dvin as the \"anti-king\" of Bagratid Armenia. Harried by Yusuf's forces, Ashot II visited Constantinople to receive aid from Empress Zoe Karbonopsina. Ashot II was well\n\nBatman Returns is a 1992 American superhero film directed by Tim Burton and written by Daniel Waters. Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the sequel to Batman (1989) and the second installment in the 1989\u20131997 Batman series. In the film, the superhero vigilante Batman comes into conflict with wealthy industrialist Max Shreck and deformed crime boss Oswald Cobblepot / The Penguin, who seek power, influence, and respect regardless of the cost to Gotham City. Their plans are complicated by Selina Kyle, Shreck's formerly-meek secretary, who seeks vengeance against Shreck as Catwoman. The cast includes Michael Keaton, Danny DeVito, Michelle Pfeiffer, Christopher Walken, Michael Gough, Pat Hingle, and Michael Murphy. Burton had no interest in making a sequel to the successful Batman, believing that he was creatively restricted by the expectations of Warner Bros. He agreed to return in exchange for significant creative control, including replacing original writer\n\nQuestion: What is Ashot II of Armenia", "output": "Ashot II the Iron was king of the Bagratid kingdom of Armenia from 914 to 929."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. According to modern evolutionary biology, all living beings could be descendants of a unique ancestor commonly referred to as the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all life on Earth. Common descent is an effect of speciation, in which multiple species derive from a single ancestral population. The more recent the ancestral population two species have in common, the more closely are they related. The most recent common ancestor of all currently living organisms is the last universal ancestor, which lived about 3.9 billion years ago. The two earliest pieces of evidence for life on Earth are graphite found to be biogenic in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in western Greenland and microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. All currently living\n\nJackson Ward, previously known as Central Wards, is a historically African-American district in Richmond, Virginia, with a long tradition of African-American businesses. It is located less than a mile from the Virginia State Capitol, sitting to the west of Court End and north of Broad Street. It was listed as a National Historic Landmark District in 1978. \"Jackson Ward\" was originally the name of the area's political district within the city, or ward, from 1871 to 1905, yet has remained in use long after losing its original meaning. History Center of black commerce, entertainment and religion After the American Civil War, previously free blacks joined freed slaves and their descendants and created a thriving African-American business community, and became known as the \"Black Wall Street of America.\" Leaders included such influential people as John Mitchell, Jr., editor of the Richmond Planet, an African American newspaper. Maggie L. Walker was the\n\nA stopcock is a form of valve used to control the flow of a liquid or gas. The term is not precise and is applied to many different types of valve. The only consistent attribute is that the valve is designed to completely stop the flow when closed fully. Use Water service Stopcocks are used to grossly regulate the flow of tap water in residential and commercial services. One is found at the junction of a water main and the branch leading to an individual service (allowing the service to be isolated from the main trunk), and a second inside the structure (allowing its plumbing to be isolated from the branch line leading into it). Either is employed when maintenance or emergency repairs are conducted. Laboratory For laboratory glassware, items sometimes have plug valves with conically-tapered inserts called stopcocks (sometimes referred to as \"plugs\" by laypeople) with different bores. The\n\nQuestion: Define Stopcock.", "output": "A stopcock is a form of valve used to control the flow of a liquid or gas."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "James Michael Heron (born 27 December 1942) is a Scottish singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, best known for his work in the Incredible String Band in the 1960s and 1970s. Career Heron was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and attended the Royal High School, Edinburgh and later George Heriot's School, where his father was a teacher. He spent a year at the University of Edinburgh before leaving to start training as an accountant. He played in R&B and pop bands in Edinburgh, including the Saracens and, in late 1965, successfully auditioned to join a new trio, the Incredible String Band, with Robin Williamson and Clive Palmer. Heron has said that \"It was an exploring era in the Sixties and people were rebelling from the boring pop stuff into folk and blues and world music. You couldn't sit down and listen to Buddy Holly and pass the joint around. So we tried to\n\nThe Volvo ECC (Environmental Concept Car) was an executive luxury concept car built by Volvo in 1992. It was a design exercise in using recycled material and hybrid technology. It was powered by a hybrid electric and gas turbine engine. Many of its lines and general styling were used as inspiration for the first generation Volvo S80. The ECC set a new design language for future Volvo models from the S80 onwards, the most obvious styling feature being the stepped waistline, which was inspired by the similar feature on the 200 Series, whilst retaining some of the angular elements from the 700/900 ranges. The Volvo ECC was built on the Volvo P80 platform. In contrast to most production hybrids, which use a gasoline piston engine to provide additional acceleration and to recharge the battery storage, the Volvo ECC used a gas turbine engine to drive the generator for recharging. This\n\nGregory \"Greg\" Corbitt (born 2 September 1971 in Perth, Western Australia) is a former Australian field hockey player who played as a striker for the Australian national team. He was a member of the team that won the silver medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. Greg was known for his striking abilities. Notably, he was diagnosed with cancer from a urine sample submitted as part of drug screening for Australian National Team athletes and underwent successful surgery to remove a malignant tumor. References External links Profile on AOC website Profile on IOC website 1971 births Living people Australian male field hockey players Male field hockey forwards Olympic field hockey players for Australia Olympic silver medalists for Australia Field hockey players at the 1992 Summer Olympics Olympic medalists in field hockey Field hockey players from Perth, Western Australia Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics 1990 Men's Hockey World\n\nQuestion: What is Volvo ECC?", "output": "The Volvo ECC was an executive luxury concept car built by Volvo in 1992."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Palace of Monimail, also known as Monimail Tower, was a Renaissance palace in Fife, Scotland. A residence of the Archbishops of St Andrews from the 13th century, in the early 17th century Monimail became a chief seat of the Melville family. Lord Monimail is one of the subsidiary titles of the Leslie-Melville Earls of Leven. It was abandoned in the late 17th century and subsequently most of the palace was demolished. One tower remains standing in the grounds of Melville House near the village of Monimail, north of Ladybank. Origins Monimail Palace was situated at the junction of the main roads between St. Andrews, Perth and Stirling, overlooking the Howe of Fife. This would have made Monimail an attractive property for the Bishops of St Andrews and from the time of its earliest documentation (1206), Monimail was an estate belonging to the bishop. Around 1319 William Lamberton (Bishop of\n\nImage-based lighting (IBL) is a 3D rendering technique which involves capturing an omnidirectional representation of real-world light information as an image, typically using a 360\u00b0 camera. This image is then projected onto a dome or sphere analogously to environment mapping, and this is used to simulate the lighting for the objects in the scene. This allows highly detailed real-world lighting to be used to light a scene, instead of trying to accurately model illumination using an existing rendering technique. Image-based lighting often uses high-dynamic-range imaging for greater realism, though this is not universal. According to Fxguide, \"Almost all modern rendering software offers some type of image-based lighting, though the exact terminology used in the system may vary.\" Motion picture production makes use of image-based lighting, and it can be seen in movies like Monsters University, The Great Gatsby, and Iron Man 2. One reference capture technique, sometimes referred to as\n\nHans Schemm (6 October 1891 \u2013 5 March 1935) was an educator who became a prominent Nazi Party official. He served as Gauleiter of Gau Bayreuth and Bavarian State Minister for Education and Culture until his death in an airplane accident. Early life Schemm, whose parents ran a shoemaker's shop, was born in Bayreuth. He attended volksschule for five years and then a teacher training preparatory school. From 1908 to 1910 he attended the Royal Bavarian Teachers' Seminar, a teachers' college in Altdorf bei N\u00fcrnberg. He taught school beginning in 1910, first in W\u00fclfersreuth, then as of 1911 in Neufang. In 1915 he got married; in 1917 a son was born. When the First World War broke out, Schemm was drafted and served as a medical attendant at a military epidemic hospital in Bayreuth. There he became infected with tuberculosis and, consequently, was discharged from military service on 26 August\n\nQuestion: What's Palace of Monimail?", "output": "The Palace of Monimail, also known as Monimail Tower, was a Renaissance palace in Fife, Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jeanie Clarke (born 4 April 1959) is an English former professional wrestling manager and author. She is best known for her appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions the United States Wrestling Association and World Championship Wrestling from 1990 to 1991 under the respective ring names Jeanie Adams and Lady Blossom as the valet for \"Stunning\" Steve Austin. In 2016, Clarke released her autobiography Through the Shattered Glass. Early life Clarke originally worked as a model. She travelled to the United States alongside her then-boyfriend, professional wrestler Chris Adams. The couple split up in the early 1980s, and in 1990 Clarke began a relationship with wrestler \"Stunning\" Steve Austin. Professional wrestling career Joint Promotions (1979\u20131981) In 1979, Clarke started her wrestling career as a ringside second for her then-boyfriend Chris Adams for the British-based company Joint Promotions. In November 1980, listing magazine TVTimes published a feature on 25 years of\n\nDivisional detective inspector (DDI), also known as first class detective inspector, was a rank in the Criminal Investigation Department of London's Metropolitan Police, equivalent to sub-divisional inspector in the uniformed branch. It was senior to the rank of detective inspector (officially called second class detective inspector) and junior to the rank of detective chief inspector. The DDI was in charge of the CID in each police division. He was usually assisted by one or two detective inspectors, a first class detective sergeant, and a number of detective sergeants and detective constables. He was largely autonomous on his \"patch\", answering only to the divisional superintendent and only calling in support from Scotland Yard for very serious crimes such as murder. DDI was an important stepping stone in a detective's career, with many top detectives getting their best experience when they were DDIs. The rank was discontinued in 1949, when it was\n\nKingdom Come State Park is a part of Kentucky's state park system in Harlan County atop Pine Mountain near the city of Cumberland. It was named after the 1903 best-selling novel The Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come by native Kentuckian John Fox, Jr. Features of the park include Raven Rock, Log Rock, and a mountain lake. The section of the park is also a legally dedicated state nature preserve by the Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves. Park features Natural formations Raven Rock is a naturally bare, large rock face composed mostly of limestone, leaning at a 45\u00b0 angle over in the air. Nearby is the Cave Amphitheater. In the back of the Cave Amphitheater are deep crevices that house thousands of bats. Also within the park is a natural sandstone bridge called \"Log Rock\", which resembles a petrified tree that has fallen over. The Log Rock has been severely vandalized\n\nQuestion: Who was Lady Blossom?", "output": "Jeanie Clarke is an English former professional wrestling manager and author."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Piscataway Indian Nation , also called Piscatawa , is a state-recognized tribe in Maryland that is descended from the historic Piscataway people. At the time of European encounter, the Piscataway was one of the most populous and powerful Native polities of the Chesapeake Bay region, with a territory on the north side of the Potomac River. By the early seventeenth century, the Piscataway had come to exercise hegemony over other Algonquian-speaking Native American groups on the north bank of the river. The Piscataway nation declined dramatically before the nineteenth century, under the influence of colonization, infectious disease, and intertribal and colonial warfare. The Piscataway Indian Nation organized out of a 20th-century revival of its people and culture. Its peoples are committed to Indigenous and human rights. It is one of three contemporary organized groups of the Piscataway people. On January 12, 2012, Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley issued an Executive\n\nNicola Antonio Stigliola (Also: Colantonio Stelliola) (1546 Nola \u2013 1623 Naples) was an Italian philosopher, printer, architect, and medical doctor. He was a friend of Tommaso Campanella and Giordano Bruno and a member of the Accademia dei Lincei. He was an adherent of Copernican heliocentrism and of Bruno's ideas on Hermeticism and magic. He believed in the complex Pythagorean and Brunian cosmologies, including the view that the planets and stars were like the earth, covered in plants and animals: \"Stigliola said to me...that it seemed irrational to him that bodies so much larger than the earth and the space between the center of the earth to the moon should be composed simply of idle fire, and not instead of all manner of elements and plants and animals and men, just as our countryman Philolaus held.\" Indeed, Stigliola and Bruno were born just two years apart in the same region of\n\nFloyd Hall (born September 4, 1938) is an American business executive and sports team owner. Life and career Hall was born to a modest family in Oklahoma. He left school at the age of 15. He attended Southern Methodist University, but did not graduate. Hall started working at Montgomery Ward in August 1956. From 1970 to 1984, he was regional vice president at the Singer Company. Later he was hired by B. Dalton Booksellers, where he was subsequently promoted to chief executive officer (CEO). He was appointed as chairman and CEO of Target Stores in 1981. James Goldsmith appointed Hall as partner and CEO of the Grand Union grocery chain, which he controlled, in February 1984. Goldsmith sold his shareholding in Grand Union's parent Generale Occidentale to French conglomerate Compagnie G\u00e9n\u00e9rale d'Electricit\u00e9 (CGE) in 1987, who sold the chain onto a management buyout led by Hall for $655 million in\n\nQuestion: Who is Floyd Hall?", "output": "Floyd Hall is an American business executive and sports team owner."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bjarne Stroustrup (; ; born 30 December 1950) is a computer scientist, most notable for the invention and development of the C++ programming language. Stroustrup served as a visiting professor of computer science at Columbia University in the City of New York beginning in 2014, where he has been a full professor since 2022. Early life and education Stroustrup was born in Aarhus, Denmark. His family was working class, and he attended local schools. He attended Aarhus University from 1969 to 1975 and graduated with a Candidatus Scientiarum in mathematics with computer science. His interests focused on microprogramming and machine architecture. He learned the fundamentals of object-oriented programming from its inventor, Kristen Nygaard, who frequently visited Aarhus. In 1979, he received his PhD in computer science from the University of Cambridge, where his research on distributed computing was supervised by David Wheeler. Career and research In 1979, Stroustrup began his\n\nSharkham Point is a headland located close to the Devon fishing town of Brixham. It overlooks St. Mary's Bay and is a short walk away from Berry Head Country Park. This stretch was originally the Coastguard Walk along which the coastguards regularly patrolled. At St. Mary's Bay the path begins to rise and fall over the soft, middle Devonian shales which have eroded to form what was once called \"Mudstone Bay\". On the beach below you can find many fossils. Sharkham Point was once the site of extensive iron workings and old adits can still be found, dating from the period 1790 to 1930. However many remains were covered when Sharkham Point was used as the Brixham town tip. The site is now managed as a nature conservation area, and there are fine views from it of the Heritage coastline. External links Heritage Coasts South Devon \u2014 Area of Outstanding\n\nBoyd's Cove, also known as Boyd's Harbour, is a local service district and designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador that is near Lewisporte. There is an interpretive centre dedicated to the earlier indigenous Beothuk settlement at this location. History Boyd's Cove was first settled by the Beothuks in the late 18th century. During the summer months, the people lived by the cove in wigwams built over shallow excavations in the ground. As well as more traditional activities, the group scavenged metal items left behind at French and English summer fishing camps, and refashioned these for their own use. Although these indigenous people didn't interact with European traders as much as most native peoples, some of the Beothuk were killed by encroaching settlers, and researchers have concluded that the group later died out partly because of exposure to disease and partly because of starvation, which in turn\n\nQuestion: Who was Bjarne Stroustrup?", "output": "Bjarne Stroustrup is a computer scientist, most notable for the invention and development of the C++ programming language."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "La Goulette (, ), in Arabic Halq al-Wadi ( ), is a municipality and the port of Tunis, Tunisia. La Goulette is located at around on a sandbar between Lake T\u016bnis and the Gulf of Tunis. The port, located 12km east of Tunis, is the point of convergence of Tunisia's major road and rail networks. La Goulette is linked to Tunis by the TGM railway and to Europe by a ferry service. Origin of the name The name derives from the \"gullet\" or \"river's throat\", a channel where the city is located, and not from the ship type schooner, called go\u00e9lette, gulet, goleta or goletta in French, Turkish, Spanish and Italian. Transit activities In addition to its transit and cruise activities, the port of La Goulette also receives ships carrying cargoes such as cars, bulk cereals. It handles a large portion of the country's imports and much of its exports\n\nBrian Milton is a British journalist, adventurer and aviation historian who made the first circumnavigation of the world in an ultralight aircraft in 1998. In the face of significant political, geographical, personal and physical hardships, he completed the 24,000 mile flight in 80 flying days, taking 120 days in total. Milton's first major expedition took place in 1968 when he drove a 1937 Austin 7 Ruby across the Sahara Desert to meet his fianc\u00e9e. Milton has won multiple awards as an ultralight (microlight) and hang glider pilot. His interest in microlights grew from a love of hang gliding. He was the Founder of the British National League in 1976, designing a competition format and gathering together the top 54 hang glider pilots in the UK. In October 1978 at Chattanooga, Tennessee, Milton captained the British hang gliding team to victory in the America Cup. The following month he planned another\n\nMourid Barghouti (, ; 8 July 1944 \u2013 14 February 2021) was a Palestinian poet and writer. Biography Barghouti was born in Deir Ghassana, near Ramallah, on the West Bank, in 8 July 1944. He studied English literature at Cairo University, graduating in 1967, though he was exiled from Egypt in 1977. The Oslo Accords finally allowed Barghouti to return to the West Bank, and in 1996 he returned to Ramallah after 30 years of exile. This event inspired his autobiographical novel Ra'aytu Ram Allah (I Saw Ramallah), published by Dar Al Hilal (Cairo, 1997), which won him the Naguib Mahfouz Medal for Literature in the same year. A follow-up, I Was Born There, I Was Born Here was written when he and his son, Tamim, made a visit to the city. In an interview with Maya Jaggi in The Guardian, Barghouti was quoted as saying: \"I learn from trees.\n\nQuestion: What is Brian Milton?", "output": "Brian Milton is a British journalist, adventurer and aviation historian who made the first circumnavigation of the world in an ultralight aircraft in 1998."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Tiuna UR-53AR50 is a Venezuelan multipurpose military vehicle, presented by CENARECA and assembled locally by Venezolana de Veh\u00edculos para la Defensa. The assembly plant is located at Fort Tiuna, Caracas, Distrito Capital, Venezuela. The Tiuna design was created by Toyota to compete with the American-made Humvee, which was first shown to the public on July 20, 2004. Production vehicles are built with the support of companies that bring vehicle parts for its construction and co-ops that work at the Fort Tiuna Assembly Plant (VVD Headquarters). This vehicle is designed and built in Venezuela. Models The following are known production models for the Tiuna: Military Reconnaissance Anti-Tank Command Post Air Defense MANPAD-mounted As towing vehicle for AAA guns Communications Anti-Riot Recoilless rifle-mounted (M40) Multiple rocket launcher Others Transportation (Personal) Cargo (Dry) Ambulance Maintenance Fuel Water tanker Civilian SUV Operators : Used by Venezuelan military since 2004. References External links Official\n\nLive at the Sex Machine is the first live album released by the funk band Kool and the Gang. The album was released in 1971, and reached #6 on the Billboard R&B Albums chart. Not only was it a Top 10 album, it stayed on the chart for 33 weeks; an impressive time span compared to most albums of the era. Although the band's huge success would not come until a few albums later, this release was popular with the R&B market. Like most of their early catalog, it was sampled by several artists during Hip-Hop's \"Golden Era\" of the 1980s and early 1990s. The track \"Funky Man\" was sampled in \"Smack My Bitch Up\" by The Prodigy. Covers On Live at the Sex Machine, Kool and the Gang covered Sly and the Family Stone's I Want To Take You Higher, The Delfonics' Trying To Make a Fool of Me,\n\nThe Ridley Plan (also known as the Ridley Report) was a 1977 report on the nationalised industries in the UK. The report was produced in the aftermath of the Heath government's being brought down by the 1973\u201374 coal strike. It was drawn up by the right-wing Conservative MP Nicholas Ridley, a founding member of the Selsdon Group of free market Conservatives. In the report he proposed how the next Conservative government could fight, and defeat, a major strike in a nationalised industry. Ridley suggested contingency planning to defeat any challenge from trade unions: The government should if possible choose the field of battle. Industries were grouped by the likelihood of winning a strike; the coal industry was in the 'middle' of three groups of industries mentioned. Coal stocks should be built up at power stations. Plans should be made to import coal from non-union foreign ports. Non-union lorry drivers to\n\nQuestion: Define Ridley Plan.", "output": "The Ridley Plan was a 1977 report on the nationalised industries in the UK."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Godavari-class frigates (formerly Type 16 or Project 16 frigates) were guided-missile frigates of the Indian Navy. The Godavari class was the first significant indigenous warship design and development initiative of the Indian Navy. Its design is a modification of the with a focus on indigenous content of 72%, a larger hull and updated armaments. The class and the lead ship, were named after the Godavari River. Subsequent ships in the class, and also took their names from Indian rivers. INS Gomati was the first Indian Navy vessel to have digital electronics in her combat data system. The ships combined Indian, Russian and Western weapons systems. History The concept for the Godavari class originated from the lessons learnt in the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971. There was a need for a ship unique to Indian requirements, for deploying a hybrid of indigenously-designed, as well as Russian and European weapons systems. The\n\nM\u00fcstair is a village in the Val M\u00fcstair municipality in the district of Inn in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. In 2009 M\u00fcstair merged with Fuldera, L\u00fc, Switzerland, Santa Maria Val M\u00fcstair, Tschierv and Valchava to form Val M\u00fcstair. The easternmost point of Switzerland, at Piz Chavalatsch, is located in the municipality. The main tourist attraction in the area is the Benedictine Convent of Saint John. History M\u00fcstair is first mentioned in the early 9th Century as monasterium Tuberis. Geography M\u00fcstair has an area, , of . Of this area, 24.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 21.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.6% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (54.1%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). The village is located in the Val M\u00fcstair sub-district (now Val M\u00fcstair municipality) of the Inn district. It is a long linear village and is the lowest and\n\nThe Federal Bar Council is a not-for-profit specialty bar association whose membership consists of lawyers and judges who practice primarily in federal courts within the Second Circuit. The Second Circuit covers the following districts: District of Connecticut, Eastern District of New York, Northern District of New York, Southern District of New York, Western District of New York, and District of Vermont. The Federal Bar Council's offices are in White Plains, New York. The organization was created by an act of the New York State Legislature, effective April 1932, under the name \"the Federal Bar Association of New York, New Jersey and Connecticut.\" It adopted its current, shorter name in 1968. Joan Wexler, former dean and president of Brooklyn Law School, is a former president of the council. Former Director's Abuse of Employees Federal Bar Council Director Jeanette Redmond, Esq. was forced to resign in 2014 due to her treatment of\n\nQuestion: Define Federal Bar Council.", "output": "The Federal Bar Council is a not-for-profit specialty bar association whose membership consists of lawyers and judges who practice primarily in federal courts within the Second Circuit."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Santa Elena de Uair\u00e9n () is a small Venezuelan city (29,795 inhabitants in 2006) in the state of Bol\u00edvar near the border with Brazil and Guyana. It was founded by Lucas Fern\u00e1ndez Pe\u00f1a in 1923. The city's name originates from his first daughter, Elena, and Uair\u00e9n, the river that crosses the city. Located in the middle of La Gran Sabana, Santa Elena is home to many travel agencies offering tours in Canaima National Park, flights over Angel Falls, and hiking tours to the famous Monte Roraima. The town is notable for its influential presence of indigenous peoples; there is even a community called Manakr\u00fc (pronounced mah-nah-CREE) populated entirely by indigenous people. The schools in this neighborhood use both Spanish and Pemon, an indigenous language. Due to its proximity to the Brazilian state of Roraima, Santa Elena sees a busy exchange between the two countries of Brazilian consumer products from Brazil\n\nArthur Gustave Sorlie (April 26, 1874 \u2013 August 28, 1928) was an American businessman and politician who served as the 14th Governor of North Dakota from 1925 until his death in 1928 at the age of 54. Biography Sorlie was born in Albert Lea, Minnesota and resided in Grand Forks, North Dakota. He was the son of Iver Jacobson Sorlie (1835-1916) and Maren Oline Olson (1841-1917), both immigrants from Norway. He graduated from Luther Academy at Albert Lea, Minnesota in 1893. He worked in a bank and managed a general store in Buxton, North Dakota. In 1903, Sorlie opened a bread and cracker factory in Grand Forks, North Dakota. He became a successful businessman, owning car dealerships and gas stations. Sorlie first entered politics as a member of the Grand Forks City Council, a position he held two terms. Career Sorlie defeated incumbent Ragnvald A. Nestos in the 1924 gubernatorial\n\nPeter John Overton, (born 5 April 1966) is a British-born Australian television journalist and news presenter. He is currently the presenter for Nine News Sydney from Sunday to Thursday at 6 pm. Early life and family Born in London, England, Overton moved to Australia at age two after his parents returned home to the country. He grew up in Longueville, a suburb on the Lower North Shore of Sydney. He went to Lane Cove Public School and North Sydney Boys High School. He graduated with a Bachelor of Economics from Macquarie University. He also played the tuba whilst at Lane Cove Public School. His father, Dr. John Overton, was an associate professor of anaesthesia at the University of Sydney and worked at The Children's Hospital at Westmead. In the mid-1990s, Overton married his childhood sweetheart, but their marriage ended in divorce in 2000. In mid 2001, Overton began dating then\n\nQuestion: What's Arthur G. Sorlie?", "output": "Arthur Gustave Sorlie was an American businessman and politician who served as the 14th Governor of North Dakota from 1925 until his death in 1928 at the age of 54."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Fair Lawn Public Schools are a comprehensive community public school district serving students in kindergarten through twelfth grade from Fair Lawn in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2018\u201319 school year, the district, comprised of nine schools, had an enrollment of 5,138 students and 409.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student\u2013teacher ratio of 12.5:1. The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"GH\", the third-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. Awards and recognition In both the 1990-91 and 1997-98 school years, Fair Lawn High School received the National Blue Ribbon Award of Excellence from the United States Department of Education, the\n\nThe Fremont-Winema National Forest of south central Oregon is a mountainous region with a rich geological, ecological, archaeological, and historical history. Founded in 1908, the Fremont National Forest was originally protected as the Goose Lake Forest Reserve in 1906. The name was soon changed to Fremont National Forest, named after John C. Fr\u00e9mont, who explored the area for the United States Army Corps of Engineers in 1843. It absorbed part of Paulina National Forest on July 19, 1915. In 2002, it was administratively combined with the Winema National Forest as the Fremont\u2013Winema National Forests. Geography The Fremont National Forest is the eastern portion of the Fremont-Winema National Forest, which combined comprises a significant portion of south-central Oregon. Yamsay Mountain is located in the extreme north-northwest of the forest region. The Winema portion includes Crater Lake and the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountains. The Fremont portion includes an area that\n\nLouise Griffiths (born 31 July 1978) is an English singer, songwriter, model and actress. Early life Griffiths was born in Hertfordshire, England. She is the daughter of a London taxicab driver. She plays the saxophone, and was a contestant in the BBC television series Fame Academy in 2003. Career Music Griffiths was a member of an unsuccessful all-female band Orchid, who originally recorded the song \"Sound of the Underground\" in 2001. However their version was never released, and the song became a hit only when it was subsequently re-recorded and released by Louis Walsh's pop group Girls Aloud. In 2003, Griffiths was one of the first of four students chosen by the public to appear on the second series of the BBC TV show Fame Academy when it was revealed in the press that she was the girlfriend of Formula One driver Jenson Button. Despite complaints that she was with\n\nQuestion: Define Fremont National Forest.", "output": "The Fremont-Winema National Forest of south central Oregon is a mountainous region with a rich geological, ecological, archaeological, and historical history."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Errol \"Budoy\" Marabiles (born October 22, 1971) is a Filipino reggae musician, songwriter and TV host. He was one of the fourteen housemates in the ABS-CBN show Pinoy Big Brother: Celebrity Edition. Marabiles, easily recognizable among the housemates because of his dreadlocks or turban, attended the University of the Philippines Cebu. Billed by the show as the \"M16 of Samar\", he is best known as the vocalist of the Cebu-based reggae band Junior Kilat, which is responsible for songs such as Original Sigbin (In Bisaya mythology, Sigbin is a mythical creature), K Fyne (Okay, Fine) and Ako si M16 (I am M16), which secured the Best Song in the 2005 NU Rock awards sponsored by the Manila-based rock radio station NU 107. That song bested most rock compositions of Manila-based bands though its lyrics are in Cebuano. Together with one of his bandmates, Marabiles also co-produced and hosted the magazine\n\nCan D\u00fcndar (, born 16 June 1961) is a Turkish journalist, columnist and documentarian. Editor-in-chief of center-left Cumhuriyet newspaper until August 2016, he was arrested in November 2015 after his newspaper published footage showing the State Intelligence M\u0130T sending weapons to Syrian Islamist fighters. One of the \"best known\" figures in Turkish media, D\u00fcndar has written for several newspapers, produced many television programs for state-owned TRT and various private channels including CNN T\u00fcrk and NTV, and published more than 20 books. D\u00fcndar is the recipient of the International Press Freedom Award by the Committee to Protect Journalists. In 2016, Can D\u00fcndar, together with Erdem G\u00fcl, were awarded the Prize for the Freedom and Future of the Media, by the Leipzig Media Foundation, lead partner of the European Centre for Press and Media Freedom. Since June 2016, he has lived in exile in Germany, with an arrest warrant against him in\n\nYevamot (, \"Brother's Widow\", also pronounced Yevamos, or Yavmus) is a tractate of the Talmud that deals with, among other concepts, the laws of Yibbum (, loosely translated in English as levirate marriage), and, briefly, with conversion to Judaism. This tractate is the first in the order of Nashim (, \"Women\"). Yevamot, along with Eruvin and Niddah, is considered one of the three most difficult tractates in the Babylonian Talmud. A Hebrew mnemonic for the three is (ani, meaning \"poverty\"). Contents Yibbum is the Torah law () by which the brother of a man who died without children is allowed and expected to marry the widow. This law only applies to paternal brothers, i.e., brothers by the same father; whether they have the same mother or different mothers is irrelevant. The deceased's widow(s) is forbidden to marry anyone else while waiting for one of the brothers to marry her, or\n\nQuestion: What is Yevamot?", "output": "Yevamot is a tractate of the Talmud that deals with, among other concepts, the laws of Yibbum, and, briefly, with conversion to Judaism."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Caroline Vanessa Grant (n\u00e9e Gray, born 17 August 1965) is an English vocal coach, television presenter and session singer. Career Grant is known for her work on the television talent contests Fame Academy, Comic Relief Does Fame Academy, and Pop Idol, and the children's television series Carrie and David's Popshop, together with her husband and colleague David Grant. She first came to fame as a singer in her own right with the pop group Sweet Dreams in 1983, when they represented the United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest that year with the song \"I'm Never Giving Up\". She was the spokesperson for the UK vote in the 2008 contest. They finished in the top six. In 2009, Grant was featured in the tenth episode of the second series of Total Wipeout. Since 2010, she has been a regular reporter on BBC One's magazine programme The One Show. In 2012,\n\nMy Giant is a 1998 American comedy drama film directed by Michael Lehmann. The film stars Billy Crystal, who also produced and co-wrote the story for the film, and Romanian NBA player Gheorghe Mure\u0219an in his only film appearance. David Seltzer's script was inspired by Crystal's friendship with professional wrestler Andr\u00e9 the Giant, whom he had met during the filming of The Princess Bride. Plot A struggling talent agent, Sammy Kamin, travels to Romania on business after splitting up with his wife. After his young client fires him, Sammy crashes his car and is rescued, while unconscious, by an enormous Romanian man named Max who is close to 8 feet tall. Sammy thinks the rescuer is God, as he can only see Max's giant hands. When Sammy wakes up, he thinks he is in Heaven. But he is confused to find a statue of Jesus next to his bed, as\n\nDanylo Apostol (; ; ) (1654\u20131734), was a Hetman of Zaporizhian Host from 1727 to 1734. Brief biography Born in a Cossack family of Moldavian origin, Danylo Apostol was a prominent military leader, polkovnyk (colonel) of the Myrhorod Regiment, and a participant in the Russian campaigns against the Ottoman Empire and Crimean Khanate. He fought in the Great Northern War between 1701 and 1705 against the Swedes in Livonia and the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, but in 1708 briefly joined Hetman Ivan Mazepa who sided with Charles XII of Sweden against Peter I of Russia. Later, Danylo Apostol again switched sides and fought on the Russian side, distinguishing himself in the Battle of Poltava. In 1722, he led Cossack units during the Russo-Persian War that led to the expansion of Russian power in the Caspian region. Danylo Apostol lost his eye during the capture of Persian Derbent fortress, this will give him\n\nQuestion: What is My Giant?", "output": "My Giant is a 1998 American comedy drama film directed by Michael Lehmann."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Bye and Bye\" is a song written and performed by the American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, released in 2001 as the fourth track on his album Love and Theft. As with most of Dylan's 21st-century output, he produced the song himself under the pseudonym Jack Frost. Composition and recording Musically, \"Bye and Bye\" is what Oliver Trager calls an \"easygoing, lilting ballad...something one would expect from Leon Redbone or, from an earlier era, Bing Crosby. Some Dylanologists have traced the musical source for 'Bye and Bye' to 'Having Myself a Time,' a song popularized by Billie Holiday and written by Leo Robin and Ralph Rainger\". Lyrically, however, \"Bye and Bye\" appears to have darker concerns. According to Trager again: \"['Bye and Bye'] slowly gives way to the sentiments of a scary stalker. As Richard Harrington wrote in his September 16, 2001, The Washington Post review of Love and Theft: In \"Bye\n\nChris Beutler (born November 14, 1944) is an American politician and former Mayor of Lincoln, Nebraska, having served from 2007 to 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served in the Nebraska Legislature from 1979 to 1986 and from 1991 to 2006. Early life and education Born in Omaha, Nebraska, Beutler graduated from Omaha Benson High School in 1962, Yale University in 1966, and University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln College of Law in 1973. He was a U.S. Peace Corps teacher in Turkey from 1966 to 1967 and 1st lieutenant in the U.S. Army from 1969 to 1971. He is married to Judy Beutler and between them they have five children, daughters Lori, Alexa, Erica, Mikahla, and son Sam, as well as seven grandchildren. Political career Beutler was elected to the Nebraska Legislature in 1978 to represent Central Lincoln's 28th Nebraska legislative district and reelected in 1982. He resigned in\n\nHotel Sterling was a hotel in downtown Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, at the intersection of River Street and Market Street. It was opened in 1898 by local businesspeople, who then owned a music hall located at the site, and was named after Emma E. Sterling, whose late husband, Walter G. Sterling, a local banker and businessman, owned a share of the music hall. Emma was a driving force behind the building of the hotel. The hotel was later expanded by Andrew Sordoni by connecting it to the Plaza Hotel in 1936. After lying abandoned for years, the non-profit organization CityVest purchased the hotel and demolished the 14-story Plaza tower portion and four-story connecting building in 2007 in an attempt to make the property more marketable to developers. Demolition of the original 1897-built building began on July 25, 2013 and finished on July 30, 2013. History The Hotel Sterling was built in 1897\n\nQuestion: What is Hotel Sterling?", "output": "Hotel Sterling was a hotel in downtown Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, at the intersection of River Street and Market Street."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "is a retired Japanese figure skater (men's singles and ice dance) and ice show producer. As a singles skater, he is the 2010 Olympic bronze medalist, the 2010 World champion, the 2012\u201313 Grand Prix Final champion, a two-time (2008, 2011) Four Continents champion, and a five-time (2006-2008, 2010, 2012) Japanese national champion. Takahashi represented Japan at the 2006 Winter Olympics, 2010 Winter Olympics, and 2014 Winter Olympics. His bronze medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics was the first Olympic medal for Japan in the men's singles event. He was also the first Asian man to win a World title at the 2010 World Championships. At the 2012\u201313 Grand Prix Final, Takahashi made history again as the first Japanese man to win a gold medal in the event, an addition to his previous accomplishment of being the first Japanese man to medal at the event in 2005. Takahashi retired on October\n\nThe costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension. Differences from Ribs 1-12 The first seven pairs are connected with the sternum; the next three are each articulated with the lower border of the cartilage of the preceding rib; the last two have pointed extremities, which end in the wall of the abdomen. Like the ribs, the costal cartilages vary in their length, breadth, and direction. They increase in length from the first to the seventh, then gradually decrease to the twelfth. Their breadth, as well as that of the intervals between them, diminishes from the first to the last. They are broad at their attachments to the ribs, and taper toward their sternal extremities, excepting the first\n\nCarmo do Rio Verde is a municipality in central Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. The population was 8,897 (2007) in a total area of 457.5 km2. Carmo do Rio Verde is a major producer of sugar cane for production of alcohol. Location The city is located 176 km. northwest of the capital, Goi\u00e2nia, 22 kilometers west of Ceres, the most important city in the Ceres Microregion. Highway connections to Goi\u00e2nia are made by GO-070 / Goianira / Inhumas / Itau\u00e7u / GO-154 / Taquaral de Goi\u00e1s / Itaguaru / Uruana. See Highway Distances for the complete list. There are municipal boundaries with: north: Ceres west: S\u00e3o Patr\u00edcio and Itapuranga east: Rialma south: Itapuranga and S\u00e3o Patr\u00edcio Demographics Population density: 19.51 inhabitants/km2 in 2007. Population in 1980: 10,233 Population in 2007: 8,897 Urban population: 6,777 Population growth rate: -0.56.% 1996/2007 History The town began in 1939 with the foundation of the Colonia Nacional\n\nQuestion: What's Daisuke Takahashi?", "output": "is a  retired Japanese figure skater and ice show producer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "William Peter Tavoulareas (November 9, 1919 \u2013 January 13, 1996) was a Greek-American petroleum businessman who served as President and Chief Executive of the Mobil Corporation in the 1970s and 1980s. He was best known for his libel lawsuit against The Washington Post, responding to the newspaper's investigative journalism articles criticizing him. Early life and education Tavoulareas was the son of Greek and Italian immigrants, and was born in Brooklyn, New York. He earned a Bachelor of Laws degree from St. John's University School of Law. Career Tavoulareas started as an accountant at Mobil (then Socony-Vacuum) in 1947. He held a series of financial positions until he was elected director of Mobil Oil Corp in 1965. On September 1, 1969, he succeeded Rawleigh Warner, Jr. as President of Mobil. He was elected director in 1976 and remained as President until November 1, 1984, when he was succeeded by Allen E.\n\nThe Bombardier Voyager is a family of high-speed 125 mph diesel-electric multiple units built in Belgium by Bombardier Transportation, for service on the railway network of the United Kingdom. Construction of the Voyager family took place between 1999 and 2005, consisting of three classes - the Voyager (currently operated by CrossCountry), the Super Voyager (currently operated by Avanti West Coast, CrossCountry and Grand Central) and the Meridian (currently operated by East Midlands Railway). Bombardier Voyagers are used on various intercity services throughout Great Britain, including the longest direct rail service in the United Kingdom, which is a CrossCountry service from Aberdeen to Penzance that takes over 13 hours to complete. Variants Class 220 The Class 220 Voyager DEMUs were built to operate Cross Country intercity services. Virgin CrossCountry received 34 four-car sets in 2000/01. All passed with the CrossCountry franchise to Arriva CrossCountry in November 2007. Class 221 [[File:Virgin trains\n\nHelmut Schelp was the director of advanced engine development at the RLM's T-Amt technical division leading up to and during World War II. He used his office to fund a widespread program in jet engine development, which led to many of the engine concepts still used today. In particular, he was instrumental in favoring the use of axial compressors over the simpler but \"fatter\" centrifugal compressors. Unlike in England where the jet had no single champion within the Air Ministry and their efforts were long delayed as a result, Schelp can be directly credited with the advancement and refinement of the jet in Germany over a few years. Biography Schelp received a MSc in engineering at Stevens University in Hoboken, NJ, before returning to Germany in 1936. On his return to Germany he was invited to join a new advanced course in aeronautical engineering being offered by the DVL research\n\nQuestion: Define William Tavoulareas.", "output": "William Peter Tavoulareas was a Greek-American petroleum businessman who served as President and Chief Executive of the Mobil Corporation in the 1970s and 1980s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Big Rivers Australian Football League (formerly the Katherine District Football League) is an Australian rules football competition in the Northern Territory, Australia based in the Katherine region. Current clubs Previous clubs Premierships (Mens) 1988/89 Kirby's Agents 1989/90 Rowlands 1990/91 Eastside (* Formerly known as Rowlands FC) 1991/92 Katherine South 1992/93 Katherine South 1993/94 Eastside 1994/95 Katherine South 1995/96 Katherine South 1996/97 Katherine South 1997/98 Katherine South 1998/99 Eastside 1999/00 Ngukurr 2001 Arnhem Bombers 2002 Arnhem Crows 2003 Arnhem Crows 2004 Arnhem Crows 2005 Lajamanu 2006 Arnhem Crows 2007 Ngukurr 2008 Lajamanu 2009 Arnhem Crows 2010 Beswick 2011 Arnhem Crows 2012 Katherine Camels 2013 Eastside FC 2014 Eastside FC 2015 Eastside FC 2016 Eastside FC 2017 Eastside FC 2018 Katherine South 2019 Katherine Camels 2020 Katherine South 2021 Katherine South 2022 Katherine Camels 2023 Ngukurr 2011 Ladder FINALS 2012 Ladder FINALS See also AFL Northern Territory Northern Territory Football League\n\nOuter Drive is a bypass road which encircles both the eastern and western portions of the Detroit, Michigan region. It resembles a jagged horseshoe and was not originally intended to move traffic as much as it was to provide a pleasurable drive around the City of Detroit and some of its suburbs. A boulevard for the vast majority of its length, Outer Drive includes travel through beautiful subdivisions, school sites, and park areas. First proposed in 1918, it immediately won acceptance and eventually evolved into the thoroughfare which exists today. A 1929 article in Michigan Women magazine, predicted a \"...great pleasure boulevard...\" that would be \"...like a necklace around Detroit....\" However, in an article dated August 4, 2004, in the Metro Times, Michigan author Curt Guyette described Outer Drive as \"...one of the oddest city thoroughfares in the country.\" Outer Drive was once famous for the elm trees that lined\n\nAbdel Karim al Kabli (), sometimes spelled el Kably or al Kably (13 April 1932 \u2013 2 December 2021), was a popular Sudanese singer-songwriter, poet, composer and humanitarian, known for his songs with themes of love, passion, nationalism, Sudanese culture and folklore. Early life Al Kabli was born in the city of Port Sudan in 1932. During childhood, he developed an interest in the Arabic language, especially old Arabic poems, and learned to play music on a penny whistle. At the age of sixteen, he moved to Khartoum to attend the Khartoum Commercial Secondary School, where he studied Sudanese folk music and Arabic poetry. Further, his musical interest evolved to the oud (Arabic lute) and shetern (small drum), which he learned by himself. Al Kabli's songs Al Kabli's more than 150 songs contain a diversity of topics and references, including love, passion, revolution, nationalism and Sudanese folklore. Some of his\n\nQuestion: Who is Abdel Karim al Kabli", "output": "Abdel Karim al Kabli, sometimes spelled el Kably or al Kably, was a popular Sudanese singer-songwriter, poet, composer and humanitarian, known for his songs with themes of love, passion, nationalism, Sudanese culture and folklore."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The flag of the Cherokee Nation was adopted by the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma on October 9, 1978. Background The Cherokee Nation is the largest of the three federally-recognized tribes of Cherokee in the United States. First recognized under the Franklin Roosevelt administration in 1941, it drafted a constitution under the name \"Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma.\" The constitution was not finally ratified by tribal members until 1976. Design A flag for the new nation was designed by Stanley John, and approved by the Cherokee Tribal Council on October 9, 1978. The flag has an orange field with the \"Great Seal of the Cherokee Nation\" at its center. The seal is surrounded by seven yellow stars with seven points. Each of the stars points toward the star in the center of the seal. The seven-pointed stars represent the seven clans of the Cherokee. The current version comes the flag being modified\n\nThe Joralemon Street Tunnel (, ), originally the Brooklyn\u2013Battery Tunnel, is a pair of tubes carrying the IRT Lexington Avenue Line () of the New York City Subway under the East River between Bowling Green Park in Manhattan and Brooklyn Heights in Brooklyn, New York City. The Joralemon Street Tunnel was an extension of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT)'s first subway line from the Bowling Green station in Manhattan to the IRT Eastern Parkway Line in Brooklyn. The tubes were constructed using the shield method and are each long and wide. The interiors are lined with cast-iron \"rings\" formed with concrete. The tubes descend below the mean high water level of the East River, with a maximum gradient of 3.1 percent. During the tunnel's construction, a house at 58 Joralemon Street in Brooklyn was converted into a ventilation building and emergency exit. The Joralemon Street Tunnel was the first\n\nWTAC-TV was a television station broadcasting on ultra high frequency (UHF) channel 16 in Flint, Michigan, United States. It was owned by the Trendle-Campbell Broadcasting Company alongside radio station WTAC (600 AM) and was affiliated with ABC. The station began broadcasting on November 26, 1953, as Flint's first television station and the second in the region, but it ceased operation five months later on April 30, 1954. Early economic difficulties with UHF television in the United States and competition from the very high frequency (VHF) stations in Detroit, whose signals reached Flint, largely precipitated its demise. Construction and sign-on After the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) lifted its four-year freeze on television station construction grants in 1952, it left three commercial channels for use in Flint; very high frequency (VHF) channel 12 and ultra high frequency (UHF) channels 16 and 28. The first group to file for channel 16 was W.S.\n\nQuestion: Define Flag of the Cherokee Nation.", "output": "The flag of the Cherokee Nation was adopted by the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma on October 9, 1978."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In mathematics, specifically set theory, the continuum hypothesis (abbreviated CH) is a hypothesis about the possible sizes of infinite sets. It states that or equivalently, that In Zermelo\u2013Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice (ZFC), this is equivalent to the following equation in aleph numbers: , or even shorter with beth numbers: . The continuum hypothesis was advanced by Georg Cantor in 1878, and establishing its truth or falsehood is the first of Hilbert's 23 problems presented in 1900. The answer to this problem is independent of ZFC, so that either the continuum hypothesis or its negation can be added as an axiom to ZFC set theory, with the resulting theory being consistent if and only if ZFC is consistent. This independence was proved in 1963 by Paul Cohen, complementing earlier work by Kurt G\u00f6del in 1940. The name of the hypothesis comes from the term the continuum for\n\nCharlottesville High School is a public high school in the independent city of Charlottesville, Virginia, serving students from 9th to 12th grade. It is a part of Charlottesville City Schools. It is the second largest high school in the region with a student population of approximately 1,200. The school grounds include a memorial garden, a running track, ballfields, landscaped courtyards and the Martin Luther King Jr. Performing Arts Center (or \"MLK PAC\"). Across Melbourne Road lies Theodose Stadium, which doubles as the field hockey stadium during the fall, and soccer and lacrosse stadium during the Spring season. University Gardens, a University of Virginia family housing unit, is zoned to Charlottesville High School. History Charlottesville High School was founded by John Cunningham in 1904 and was built in 1974 because the Lane High School building had become too small to accommodate all students within the city limits. Lane High school saw\n\nThe Terra Nova Expedition, officially the British Antarctic Expedition, was an expedition to Antarctica which took place between 1910 and 1913. Led by Captain Robert Falcon Scott, the expedition had various scientific and geographical objectives. Scott wished to continue the scientific work that he had begun when leading the Discovery Expedition from 1901 to 1904, and wanted to be the first to reach the geographic South Pole. He and four companions attained the pole on 17 January 1912, where they found that a Norwegian team led by Roald Amundsen had preceded them by 34 days. Scott's party of five died on the return journey from the pole; some of their bodies, journals, and photographs were found by a search party eight months later. The expedition, named after its supply ship, was a private venture financed by public contributions and a government grant. It had further backing from the Admiralty, which\n\nQuestion: What's Continuum hypothesis?", "output": "In mathematics, specifically set theory, the continuum hypothesis is a hypothesis about the possible sizes of infinite sets."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Billy Joe Daugherty (April 23, 1952 \u2013 November 22, 2009) was founder and pastor of Victory Christian Center (now Victory Church) in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He was also the founder of Victory Christian School, Victory Bible Institute and Victory World Missions Training Center (now Victory College). Nine hundred and eighty Victory Bible Institutes have been started in eighty-five countries around the world. He was also briefly the interim president of Oral Roberts University. He graduated from Magnolia High School in Magnolia, Arkansas in 1970. Victory Christian Center built the Tulsa Dream Center, which houses a food and clothing distribution, dental/medical clinic, legal counseling, recreation facilities and other programs to help needy people of Tulsa. Victory's bus ministry brings 1,000 - 1,200 children and teens from this area each Saturday for Kidz Ministry and S.O.U.L. Youth ministry. Daugherty's daily radio and television broadcast, Victory in Jesus, reaches more than 100 million households\n\nThe Municipality of Moravske Toplice (; ) is a municipality in Slovenia, part of the Prekmurje region. Its seat is the spa settlement of Moravske Toplice. The municipality is an important center of Lutheranism in Slovenia. Large Lutheran churches are found throughout the municipality. Settlements In addition to the municipal seat of Moravske Toplice, the municipality also includes the following settlements: Andrejci Berkovci Bogojina Bukovnica \u010cike\u010dka Vas Filovci Fokovci Ivanci Ivanj\u0161evci Ivanovci Kan\u010devci Krnci Lon\u010darovci Luka\u010devci Martjanci Mlajtinci Motvarjevci Nor\u0161inci Porda\u0161inci Prosenjakovci Ratkovci Sebeborci Selo Sredi\u0161\u010de Suhi Vrh Te\u0161anovci Vu\u010dja Gomila Demographics Population by native language, 2002 census Slovene: 5,617 (91.32%) Hungarian: 324 (5.26%) Others and Unknown: 210 (3.42%) Total: 6,151 The majority of the population is Roman Catholic, but the Lutheran minority makes up more than 40% of the population. References External links Municipality of Moravske Toplice on Geopedia Moravske Toplice municipal site Moravske Toplice 1994 establishments in Slovenia\n\nThe prolactin receptor (PRLR) is a type I cytokine receptor encoded in humans by the PRLR gene on chromosome 5p13-14. It is the receptor for prolactin (PRL). The PRLR can also bind to and be activated by growth hormone (GH) and human placental lactogen (hPL). The PRLR is expressed in the mammary glands, pituitary gland, and other tissues. It plays an important role in lobuloalveolar development of the mammary glands during pregnancy and in lactation. Structure The prolactin receptor (PRLR) is a membrane-bound protein of the cytokine receptor superfamily. In humans, it is encoded by a single gene which contains 11 exons and is located on chromosome 5. PRLR expression can be found in several tissues such as the gonads, breast, uterus, heart, liver, kidney, brain, immune cells, as well as adrenal and pituitary glands. Several PRLR isoforms have been described in different tissues. These have varying lengths and cytoplasmic\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Billy Joe Daugherty is.", "output": "Billy Joe Daugherty was founder and pastor of Victory Christian Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Brigitte Wujak, n\u00e9e K\u00fcnzel (born 6 March 1955 in Karl-Marx-Stadt) is a retired long jumper who represented East Germany with the SC Dynamo Berlin. She won the silver medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow with a personal best jump of 7.04 metres. This was the German record at the time, and remained her career best jump. The result places her fourth on the German all-time performers list, behind Heike Drechsler, Helga Radtke and Sabine Paetz. She finished seventh at the 1982 European Championships, and retired after the 1984 season. She competed for the sports club SC Dynamo Berlin during her active career. References 1955 births Living people East German female long jumpers Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics Olympic athletes for East Germany Olympic silver medalists for East Germany Sportspeople from Chemnitz Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and\n\nDaniel Charles Kucan (born October 16, 1970) is an American carpenter, artist, interior designer, actor, writer, and television personality on the Emmy Award-winning TV series Extreme Makeover: Home Edition. Early life Kucan was born and raised in Las Vegas, Nevada, and then attended New York University. He has two older brothers, Michael and Joseph. His parents, Ken and Genevieve, worked as public school teachers. He began acting in community and semi-professional theater at the age of 7 and was a member of a theater training conservatory from then until he graduated at the age of 18. After NYU, he toured Japan with a circus type show based on the movies of George Lucas. After which, he returned to New York and worked as a performer until 1999, when he moved to Los Angeles. Career Design After graduating, Kucan moved back to California and became the lead designer for Hollywood's Mortise\n\nAerial silks (also known as aerial contortion, aerial ribbons, aerial tissues, fabric, ribbon, or tissu) is a type of performance in which one or more artists perform aerial acrobatics while hanging from a specialist fabric. The fabric may be hung as two pieces, or a single piece, folded to make a loop, classified as hammock silks. Performers climb the suspended fabric without the use of safety lines and rely only on their training and skill to ensure safety. They use the fabric to wrap, suspend, drop, swing, and spiral their bodies into and out of various positions. The fabric may also be used to fly through the air, striking poses and figures. Some performers use rosin (dried or mixed with rubbing alcohol) on their hands and feet to increase the friction and grip on the fabric. Aerial silks is a demanding art and requires a high degree of strength, power,\n\nQuestion: Define Aerial silk.", "output": "Aerial silks is a type of performance in which one or more artists perform aerial acrobatics while hanging from a specialist fabric."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gary England (born October 3, 1939) is the former chief meteorologist for KWTV (channel 9), the CBS-affiliated television station in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. England was the first on-air meteorologist to alert his viewers of a possible tornado using a commercial Doppler weather radar. He is also known for contributing to the invention of the First Warning map graphic commonly used to show ongoing weather alerts without interrupting regular programming. Currently, Gary is the Vice President of Corporate Relations and Weather Development at Griffin Communications LLC, the parent company to KWTV-DT, although the company uses the same single-story building as the studio. Early life and career England was born in Seiling, Oklahoma to Hazel and Lesley England. He lived in Enid for a while but was mostly raised in the Seiling area. Like many meteorologists, a dramatic early experience with the weather shaped his interest. For England, one event stands out\n\nBBC Gardeners' World is a monthly British gardening magazine owned by Immediate Media Company, containing tips for gardening from past and current presenters of the television series Gardeners' World. History and profile BBC Gardeners' World was established in 1991. The magazine is part of Immediate Media Company and is published on a monthly basis. It often has offers on plants, free supplements and giveaways. Copies are sold at newsagents and by subscription. The circulation of BBC Gardeners' World was 237,650 copies for the first half of 2013. Its circulation dropped to 219,222 copies for the first half of 2014. Contributors Contributors have included: Monty Don Carol Klein Show A trade show and floral exhibition, Gardeners' World Live, promoted by the magazine, is held every June at the National Exhibition Centre near Birmingham. Presenters from the show usually make guest appearances. See also List of horticultural magazines References External links BBC\n\nGeorgii Dmitrievich Karpechenko (1899 in Velsk, Vologda Governorate \u2013 July 28, 1941) was a Russian and Soviet biologist. His name has sometimes been transliterated as Karpetschenko. G. D. Karpechenko specialized in plant cytology and created several hybrids. Among his contributions is his seminal work on allopolyploids, culminating in his creation of a fertile offspring of radishes and cabbages, the first instance of a new species obtained through polyploid speciation during experimental crossbreeding. He worked at the Institute of Applied Botany near Leningrad, but collaborated with geneticists in other countries, notably \u00d8jvind Winge in Denmark and Erwin Baur in Germany. He also travelled abroad to the John Innes Horticultural Institution in London. He was arrested by the NKVD under the false grounds of belonging to an alleged \"anti-Soviet group\" centered on the well known Russian botanist Nikolai Vavilov who was his colleague at Leningrad. He was sentenced to death and executed\n\nQuestion: What is Georgii Karpechenko?", "output": "Georgii Dmitrievich Karpechenko was a Russian and Soviet biologist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "() was a German Naval World War II hand-cipher system used as a backup method when no working Enigma machine was available. The cipher had two stages: a transposition followed by bigram substitution. In the transposition stage, the cipher clerk would write out the plaintext into a \"cage\" \u2014 a shape on a piece of paper. Pairs of letters were then substituted using a set of bigram tables. The cipher was first solved at Bletchley Park in June 1941 by means of documents captured from U-boat the previous month. Thereafter it was solved using cryptanalysis for over three years. Some 1,400 signals were read during that period. The section working on RHV was headed by historian Sir John H. Plumb. The decrypts were sometimes useful in themselves for the intelligence that they contained, but were more important as a source for cribs for solving Naval Enigma. A Mediterranean variant was\n\nAndrew Carnie (born April 19, 1969) is a Canadian professor of linguistics at the University of Arizona. He is the author or coauthor of nine books and has papers published on formal syntactic theory and on linguistic aspects of Scottish Gaelic and Irish Gaelic. He was born in Calgary, Alberta. He is also a teacher of Balkan and international folk dance. In 2009, he was named as one of the Linguist List's Linguist of the Day. From 2010-2012, he has worked as the faculty director of the University of Arizona's Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs. In August 2012, he was appointed interim Dean of the graduate college. From 2013-2022, he worked as the Vice Provost for Graduate Education and Dean of the Graduate College. In that role he founded the University's Graduate Center, established the university's Graduate faculty, significantly increased student diversity, and worked to establish better working conditions and wages for\n\nVisconde de Mau\u00e1 is a district of the city of Resende, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Of ampler form, the name Visconde de Mau\u00e1 is attributed to the set of villages of Mau\u00e1, Maring\u00e1 and Maromba and its diverse valleys, as the Vale das Cruzes, Alcantilado, Pav\u00e3o and Grama. The region includes parts of the cities of Resende-RJ, Itatiaia-RJ and Bocaina de Minas, in the state of Minas Gerais. The villages are, on average, within 40 kilometers of the centers of these cities. Visconde de Mau\u00e1 has about six thousand inhabitants. The main economic activity of the region is tourism, with more than 100 establishments of lodging and dozen of restaurants, some specializing in trout and pine nut recipes. This region is located in an area of environmental preservation, in the Serra da Mantiqueira mountain range, at 1200 meters of altitude. History The name Visconde de Mau\u00e1\n\nQuestion: Define Visconde de Mau\u00e1, Resende.", "output": "Visconde de Mau\u00e1 is a district of the city of Resende, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\u00dcnye (Oin\u00f2e, \u039f\u1f30\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7 in ancient Greek) is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 569 km2, and its population is 132,432 (2022). It is on the Black Sea coast, 76 km west of the city of Ordu. Geography \u00dcnye has a little port, in a bay on one of the flatter areas of the Black Sea coast. The climate is typical of the Black Sea region, warm and wet, although because the hinterland is flatter than most of the coastline \u00dcnye has less rainfall. Agriculture is the basis of the local economy, in particular hazelnut growing, hazelnut trading and hazelnut processing. The town is very quiet in late-July and August when most people are in the countryside for the hazelnut harvest. The town of \u00dcnye provides high schools, higher education and other services to the surrounding countryside, and other industry includes a large cement factory, flour\n\nJames Oswald Dykes (14 August 1835, Port Glasgow - 1 January 1912, Edinburgh) was a Scottish Presbyterian clergyman and educator. Biography James Oswald Dykes studied at Dumfries Academy and at the universities of Edinburgh, Heidelberg, and Erlangen. He was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 1859. From 1861 to 1864 he served with Robert Smith Candlish of Free St. George's Church, Edinburgh. Dykes visited the Australian colony of Victoria, where he influenced John Knox Church of Melbourne to join the Presbyterian Church of Victoria in 1867. In 1869 Dykes was appointed minister of the Regent Square Presbyterian Church, London. Dykes was appointed principal and Barbour Professor of Divinity of the Theological College of the Presbyterian Church of England, now Westminster College, Cambridge, from 1888 to 1907. Cambridge University awarded him an honorary MA in 1900. In June 1901, he received an honorary doctorate of divinity from the University of Glasgow.\n\nThe Carboniferous ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period million years ago (mya), to the beginning of the Permian Period, mya. The name Carboniferous means \"coal-bearing\", from the Latin (\"coal\") and (\"bear, carry\"), and refers to the many coal beds formed globally during that time. The first of the modern 'system' names, it was coined by geologists William Conybeare and William Phillips in 1822, based on a study of the British rock succession. The Carboniferous is often treated in North America as two geological periods, the earlier Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian. Terrestrial animal life was well established by the Carboniferous Period. Tetrapods (four limbed vertebrates), which had originated from lobe-finned fish during the preceding Devonian, became pentadactylous in and diversified during the Carboniferous, including early amphibian lineages such as temnospondyls, with the first\n\nQuestion: Define Carboniferous.", "output": "The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period  million years ago, to the beginning of the Permian Period,  mya."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Palais Ephrussi is a former Ringstra\u00dfenpalais in Vienna. It was built for the Ephrussi family of financiers by Theophil Freiherr von Hansen, the architect of the Austrian Parliament Building. It is on the Ringstrasse, specifically the Universit\u00e4tsring (formerly Doctor-Karl-Lueger-Ring), opposite the Votivkirche. History Unlike traditional baroque noble palaces in Vienna, the Palais Ephrussi was built in the late 19th century and is therefore considered a Ringstra\u00dfenpalais. It is five storeys high and built in the typical neo-renaissance style popular at the time of its construction. The history of the building and the family is described in great detail in The Hare with Amber Eyes by Edmund de Waal, whose grandmother - Elisabeth de Waal n\u00e9e Ephrussi, born 1899 - spent her childhood and youth there; De Waal combined first-hand information from her with extensive research in available documents. World War II As noted by de Waal, shortly following Austria's annexation\n\nMiguel Castro \"Mike\" Enriquez (; September 29, 1951 \u2013 August 29, 2023) was a Filipino television and radio newscaster. He started his career as a radio broadcaster in 1969, and in 1995, he became a TV anchor for GMA Network, Inc. He was also the Consultant for radio operations of GMA Network, and president of the network's regional and radio subsidiary, RGMA Network Inc., and the Station Manager of Super Radyo DZBB 594 AM. Enriquez was regarded as one of the most influential journalists in the Philippines and a \"pillar\" of the Philippine broadcasting industry. Early life Enriquez was the eldest of three children to Catalino Alejo Enriquez and Benita Dungca Castro. He used the term \"destructive to a certain extent\" to describe his curiosity-filled, active childhood. Enriquez was actively involved in church activities, and used to be an altar boy with an ambition to be a Franciscan priest. However,\n\nMilan ( ) is an unincorporated community in Spokane County, Washington, United States. It is named after the Italian city of Milan. Geography Milan is a rural community located along the Burlington Northern Railroad in northern Spokane County. The Little Spokane River flows through flows through the community. U.S. Route 2 runs north-south about a mile and a half west of Milan. Nearby communities include Elk, 5 miles upstream from Milan, and Deer Park, 7 miles to the west. Spokane, the region's largest city, is 23 miles to the south along U.S. Route 2. The community is located in a thin but deep valley that rises from 1,800 feet along the Little Spokane River up to 2,638 feet at the summit of Milan Hill just southeast of the town site. The foothills and mountains in the Milan area are part of the Selkirk Mountains. Milan is served by the Riverside\n\nQuestion: What is Milan, Washington", "output": "Milan is an unincorporated community in Spokane County, Washington, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rick Berlin (born Richard Gustave Kinscherf III; 1945 in Sioux City, Iowa) is a Boston-based singer-songwriter, formerly the frontman of Orchestra Luna, Luna, Berlin Airlift, Rick Berlin: The Movie, and The Shelley Winters Project. Life and career A Yale graduate, Berlin has been writing and performing a distinctly theatrical form of rock and roll since the early 1970s. He achieved much of his early success with Orchestra Luna, whose eponymous debut was released on Epic Records in 1974. Orchestra Luna, co-produced by Rupert Holmes, captured many of the dramatic eccentricities that made the band a renowned live act, particularly on \"(You Gotta Have) Heart\" (a cover of the Damn Yankees tune). That year, WBCN started an annual tradition of playing this particular cut for the Boston Red Sox on the baseball team's opening day. Album sales proved disappointing to Epic, though the tour for the record was successful (including an\n\nAbbotsford is a historic country house in the Scottish Borders, near Galashiels, on the south bank of the River Tweed. Now open to the public, it was built as the residence of historical novelist and poet Sir Walter Scott between 1817 and 1825. It is a Category A Listed Building and the estate is listed in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland. Description The nucleus of the estate was a farm of , called Cartleyhole, nicknamed Clarty (i.e., muddy) Hole, and was bought by Scott on the lapse of his lease (1811) of the neighbouring house of Ashestiel. Scott renamed it \"Abbotsford\" after a neighbouring ford used by the monks of Melrose Abbey. Following a modest enlargement of the original farmhouse in 1811\u20131812, massive expansions took place in 1816\u20131819 and 1822\u20131824. In this mansion Scott gathered a large library, a collection of ancient furniture, arms and armour,\n\nHawthorne is a neighborhood in the South Philadelphia section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located between Broad Street and 11th Street, and extends from South Street to Washington Avenue. Background The most prominent landmark in the neighborhood was Martin Luther King Jr. Plaza, a public housing high-rise complex at 13th and Fitzwater Street, originally called Hawthorne Square. The four MLK towers were imploded on October 17, 1999, and have been slowly replaced with a mix of low-rise public housing, based on New Urbanism ideas, thanks to the HOPE VI program. Hawthorne is in transition, one of the few neighborhoods contiguous to Center City, Philadelphia that had been left relatively untouched by major upscale development. It is also sandwiched between gentrifying neighborhoods: Southwest Center City is to its west and Bella Vista is to its east. Much of Hawthorne is currently being renovated. Old homes are being renovated with\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Rick Berlin.", "output": "Rick Berlin is a Boston-based singer-songwriter, formerly the frontman of Orchestra Luna, Luna, Berlin Airlift, Rick Berlin: The Movie, and The Shelley Winters Project."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Robert \"Bob\" Longfield is an American composer, arranger, conductor and educator, best known for his compositions for Concert Band and String Orchestra. He is currently the Music Director of the Greater Miami Symphonic Band. Early life and education Longfield was born and raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He graduated with honors from the University of Michigan where he studied with Jerry Bilik and Paul Boylan, and was a member of the band under William D. Revelli and George R. Cavender where he played saxophone. He received his master's degree in Music Education from the University of Miami where he was a student and personal friend of Alfred Reed. Career For fifteen years, Longfield was the band and orchestra director at Davison High School in Davison, Michigan. Since 1987, he has held a similar position at Miami Palmetto Senior High School in Pinecrest, Florida. Longfield was the recipient of the Teacher\n\nJohn Joshua Webb (February 14, 1847 \u2013 April 12, 1882) was a noted lawman turned gunfighter and outlaw of the American Old West. Early life Webb was born February 14, 1847, in Keokuk County, Iowa, the seventh of twelve children born to William Webb Jr and Innocent Blue Brown Webb. Webb moved about often in his youth. The family moved to Nebraska in 1862, and later to Osage City, Kansas. Webb headed west on his own in 1871, working as a buffalo hunter and miner along the way. Gunfighter Webb drifted to Dodge City, Kansas, where he came into contact with several notable personalities of the old west, including Wyatt Earp and Bat Masterson. While there, he took part as a member of several posses and served as a deputy. By January 1878, Bat Masterson was the newly appointed sheriff of Ford County. Masterson deputized Webb and two others, Kinch\n\nElspet Jean Gray, Baroness Rix (n\u00e9e Gray; 12 April 1929 \u2013 18 February 2013) was a Scottish actress, who first became known for her partnership with her husband, Brian Rix, and later was cast in many television roles in the 1970s and 1980s. She played Lady Collingford in the television series Catweazle and Mrs. Palmer in the television series Solo, alongside Felicity Kendal. Career Gray had a long stage career, particularly known for her appearances in the Whitehall farces, the company being managed by her husband Brian Rix, which were originally performed at the Whitehall Theatre and later at the Garrick. Gray appeared in many films and television programmes, her earliest being The Blind Goddess (1948). She had several roles in the 1970s including parts in Fawlty Towers, as the paediatrician wife of a psychiatrist baffled by Basil Fawlty\u2019s behaviour, The Crezz, Catweazle, and in the 1980s with Doctor Who\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Elspet Gray.", "output": "Elspet Jean Gray, Baroness Rix was a Scottish actress, who first became known for her partnership with her husband, Brian Rix, and later was cast in many television roles in the 1970s and 1980s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Belfast Zoological Gardens (also known as Bellevue Zoo) is a zoo in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is in a relatively secluded location on the northeastern slope of Cavehill, overlooking Belfast's Antrim Road. Belfast Zoo is one of the top fee-paying visitor attractions in Northern Ireland, receiving more than 300,000 visitors a year. Located in north Belfast, the zoo's site is home to more than 1,200 animals and 140 species. The majority of the animals in Belfast Zoo are in danger in their natural habitat. The zoo carries out important conservation work and takes part in over 90 European and international breeding programmes which help to ensure the survival of many species under threat. The zoo is a member of the British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums (BIAZA), the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA), and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA). Helena Raquel History The\n\nSuncorp Group Limited is an Australian finance, insurance, and banking corporation based in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is one of Australia's mid-size banks (by combined lending and deposits) and its largest general insurance group, formed on 1 December 1996 by the merger of Suncorp, Metway Bank and the Queensland Industry Development Corporation (QIDC). History State Government Insurance Office Queensland established the State Accident Insurance Office in 1916, to provide mandatory injury compensation insurance to workers in the state's business sector. New legislation soon after created a larger insurance body, the State Government Insurance Office (SGIO) which took over the State Accident Insurance Office. General insurance, third party and life products were added. SGIO later expanded into building society operations, superannuation, and finance. In 1960, new legislation establishing the SGIO as a separate corporation was passed, and the group became subject to state regulatory oversight. In 1971, the SGIO took another\n\nHarrow RFC are an English rugby union club that are based in Stanmore in London. They currently play in London Counties 2 Herts/Middlesex - a league at tier 8 of the English rugby union system History/Background Founded in 1891 Harrow RFC has been a constant presence in the community and a successful rugby club for players of all ages. The club has been at Grove Field, Wood Lane, Stanmore since 1953 and continues to attract members, supporters and players from the Harrow, Pinner, Edgware, Bushey and Watford region. The foremost club in the area, Harrow RFC is a well established member of the community and community rugby. Harrow RFC is a Partner Club with Saracens. Players enjoy close contact including training with some of the game's leading players. Harrow RFC has 15 teams competing in all age groups from Under 7 to Veterans. The Harrow 1st XV plays in the\n\nQuestion: What's Harrow RFC?", "output": "Harrow RFC are an English rugby union club that are based in Stanmore in London."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Whitley Bay Ice Rink is an ice rink located in Whitley Bay, Tyne and Wear, England and is the home of the Whitley Warriors ice hockey team. An additional team played out of the ice rink, the Newcastle Vipers, who are now disbanded. It is one of two permanent public ice rinks in the north east of England. A ten-pin bowling centre in the area upstairs which was added in the 1960s was closed in 2007. This area (as of 2019) is now home to a newly refurbished entertainment suite and conference facility. About It was also the region's premier concert venue, until the Newcastle Arena opened in 1995. Artists that have performed at the venue include Status Quo, AC/DC, The Cure, Wham!, Iron Maiden, KISS, Metal Church, Metallica, Kylie Minogue, New Kids on the Block, Oasis, Pet Shop Boys, Sting, The Stone Roses and Take That, among others. Surprisingly,\n\nSogndalsfj\u00f8ra is a village in the municipality of Sogndal in Vestland county, Norway. It is located where the river Sogndalselvi runs out in the Sogndalsfjorden, a branch of the large Sognefjorden. The village is located about northwest of the village of Kj\u00f8rnes, about northwest of the village of Kaupanger, and about southeast of the village of Fj\u00e6rland. The village sits at the intersection of Norwegian National Road 5 and Norwegian County Road 55. The village has a population (2019) of 3,995 and a population density of . Sogndalsfj\u00f8ra is home to the association football team Sogndal Fotball. The team is in the Norwegian Premier League, Tippeligaen and plays at the Fosshaugane Campus. The area is home to major tourism industries, along with sawmills, lumber production, and a slaughterhouse. The Lerum Konserves, the largest Norwegian producer of juice and jam, is located here. Sogndalsfj\u00f8ra is also the home of the regional\n\nAmy Lee Nixon (born September 29, 1977) is a Canadian retired curler and lawyer from Calgary, Alberta. She was a member of the bronze medal-winning 2006 Winter Olympic women's curling team, skipped by Shannon Kleibrink. Nixon was also the chair of the board of governors of Curling Canada from 2021 to 2022. Curling career Nixon began curling competitively at fourteen. Her first notable success was being a gold medal-winning skip at the Saskatchewan Winter Games in 1994, which she followed up with a 10th-place finish at the 1995 Canada Games. She would later move to Alberta, where she was the runner-up at the 1998 provincial junior championship, losing the Alberta final to Bronwen Saunders. Nixon was a member of the Shannon Kleibrink mixed curling team that represented Alberta at the 2003 Canadian Mixed Curling Championship. It was the first time ever that a woman (Kleibrink) skipped a team at the\n\nQuestion: What is Sogndalsfj\u00f8ra", "output": "Sogndalsfj\u00f8ra is a village in the municipality of Sogndal in Vestland county, Norway."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The K\u00f6nigsberg Castle (, ) was one of the landmarks of the East Prussian capital K\u00f6nigsberg, Germany (since 1946 Kaliningrad, Russia). History The site of the castle was originally an Old Prussian fort known as Tuwangste near the Pregel River at an important waypoint in Prussian territory. Nearby were three Prussian villages, later known as L\u00f6benicht, Sackheim, and Tragheim. After conquering the area in 1255, the Teutonic Knights constructed a provisionary wooden and earthworks fort in place of the Prussian one. By 1257, a new stone Ordensburg castle was being constructed. The castle was greatly enlarged and refortified in several stages between the 16th to 18th centuries. The fortress, later designated a castle, was the residence of the Grandmasters of the Teutonic Order and later residence for Prussian rulers. The 1815 Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica refers to \"the magnificent palace in which is a hall 83.5 m long and 18 m broad\n\nPenrhyn Bay ( \"headland bay\") is a small town on the northern coast of Wales, in Conwy county borough, within the parish or community of Llandudno, and part of the ecclesiastical parish of Llanrhos. It is a prosperous village, with a cluster of local shops, a pub, a parish church and a modern medical centre with doctors' surgery at the foot of the pass over the shoulder of the Little Orme from Llandudno Bay. Here there is a highschool called Ysgol y Creuddyn and a primary school called Ysgol Glanwydden. It is considered to be a residential suburb of Llandudno lying east of the Little Orme. It adjoins the resort of Rhos-on-Sea and covers a large part of the Creuddyn peninsula. The population of Penrhyn Ward at the 2011 census was 4,883. History The oldest building in Penrhyn Bay is Penrhyn Old Hall dating from the early 15th century. It\n\nSittanavasal Cave (also, Arivar Koil) is a 2nd-century Tamil \u015arama\u1e47a complex of caves in Sittanavasal village in Pudukottai district of Tamil Nadu, India. Its name is a distorted form of Sit-tan-na-va-yil, a Tamil word which means \"the abode of great saints\" (Tamil: \u0b9a\u0bbf\u0ba4\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0ba9\u0bcd\u0ba9\u0bb5\u0bbe\u0b9a\u0bb2\u0bcd). The monument is a rock-cut monastery or temple. Created by Tamil \u015arama\u1e47a, it is called the Arivar Koil, and is a rock cut cave temple of the Arihants. It contains remnants of notable frescoes from the 7th century. The murals have been painted with vegetable and mineral dyes in black, green, yellow, orange, blue, and white. Paintings have been created by applying colours over a thin wet surface of lime plaster. Ancient structures such as Gol Gumbaz, Talagirisvara temple and this one are claimed to be relatively unappreciated. Archaeological Survey of India has listed Sittanavasal Cave in the list of \"Must See\" Indian Heritage. The Sittanavasal Cave\n\nQuestion: What is Sittanavasal Cave", "output": "Sittanavasal Cave is a 2nd-century Tamil \u015arama\u1e47a complex of caves in Sittanavasal village in Pudukottai district of Tamil Nadu, India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Maria Theresa Henriette Dorothea of Austria-Este (also Marie Therese; 2 July 1849 \u2013 3 February 1919) was the last Queen of Bavaria. She was the only child of Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor of Austria-Este and Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria. Biography On 20 February 1868, she married Prince Ludwig, eldest son of Bavaria's Prince Regent Luitpold, in the Augustinerkirche in Vienna. The couple had fallen in love during a visit of Ludwig to Austria to attend the burial of Archduchess Mathilda. Their decision to marry initially angered the Emperor, who had wished for her to marry Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany. The chief witness was Count Antonius Schaffgotsch. The family mostly lived on their farms at Leutstetten south of Munich, where Maria Theresa cultivated rose gardens. Maria Theresa became queen consort of Bavaria in 1913 when her husband the reigning Prince Regent proclaimed himself king as King Ludwig III\n\nDry Drayton is a village and civil parish about 5 miles (8 km) northwest of Cambridge in Cambridgeshire, England, listed as Draitone in the Domesday Book in 1086. It covers an area of . History The ancient parish of Dry Drayton formed between the Roman Via Devana (now the A14) to the north, and the Cambridge to St Neot's road to the south, covering an area of 2421 acres. In 1966 around 350 acres were removed from the north west of the parish to create the new civil parish of Bar Hill. Now completely cleared of ancient woodland, the village has been used for arable farming for centuries. Listed as Draitone in the Domesday Book, the village became known as Dry Drayton by the start of the 13th century to distinguish it from Fen Drayton (5 miles to the north west) and the fact that it was susceptible to times\n\nThe Acts of the Apostles (, Pr\u00e1xeis Apost\u00f3l\u014dn; ) is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire. Acts and the Gospel of Luke make up a two-part work, Luke\u2013Acts, by the same anonymous author. Traditionally, the author is believed to be Luke the Evangelist, a doctor who travelled with Paul the Apostle. It is usually dated to around 80\u201390 AD, although some scholars suggest 110\u2013120 AD. The first part, the Gospel of Luke, tells how God fulfilled his plan for the world's salvation through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth. Acts continues the story of Christianity in the 1st century, beginning with the ascension of Jesus to Heaven. The early chapters, set in Jerusalem, describe the Day of Pentecost (the coming of the Holy Spirit,) the expulsion of\n\nQuestion: What's Acts of the Apostles?", "output": "The Acts of the Apostles is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Laurence Michael Foust (June 24, 1928 \u2013 October 27, 1984) was an American basketball player who spent 12 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA), most notably with the Fort Wayne Pistons and Minneapolis Lakers, and was a two-time All-NBA Team member and an eight-time All-Star. Career Foust attended South Catholic High School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and was instrumental in winning the city championship against archrival Southern High School by scoring a last second basket. A center from La Salle University, Foust was selected by the Chicago Stags in the 1950 NBA draft, but the Stags franchise folded before the start of the 1950\u201351 NBA season, and Foust joined the Fort Wayne Pistons. With the Pistons, Foust averaged a double-double in points and rebounds and was selected to six All-Star games. On November 22, 1950, Foust scored the winning basket in a 19\u201318 Pistons victory over the Minneapolis Lakers, the\n\nBlue \u00d6yster Cult ( ; sometimes abbreviated B\u00d6C or BOC) is an American rock band formed on Long Island in Stony Brook, New York, in 1967. The band has sold 25 million records worldwide, including 7 million in the United States. The band's fusion of hard rock with psychedelia, and penchant for occult, fantastical and tongue-in-cheek lyrics, had a major influence on heavy metal music. They developed a cult following and, while achieving mainstream hits like \"(Don't Fear) The Reaper\" (1976) and \"Burnin' for You\" (1981), rarely experienced commercial success. Both songs, and others such as \"Godzilla\" (1977), remain classic rock radio staples. The band were early adopters of the music video format, and their videos received heavy rotation on MTV in its early period. Blue \u00d6yster Cult's longest-lasting and the most commercially successful lineup included Donald \"Buck Dharma\" Roeser (lead guitar, vocals), Eric Bloom (lead vocals, \"stun guitar\", keyboards,\n\nThe La Guajira Desert (Wayuu: Woumainkat Wajiira) is a desert located in northern Colombia and Venezuela, approximately north of Bogot\u00e1, covering most of the La Guajira Peninsula at the northernmost tip of South America. It is the continent's largest desert north of the equator. Most of the region is within Colombia's La Guajira Department, though a small portion is in the Venezuelan state of Zulia. The area holds immense coal reserves which are exploited in a zone known as El Cerrej\u00f3n. It is also home to the indigenous Wayuu people. The Wayuu are mostly herders but also master deep-sea divers, known for collecting pearls from the Caribbean Sea. The peninsula is populated chiefly by xeric scrubland, which is home to a large variety of flora and fauna. The National Natural Park of Macuira, established in 1977, is a tropical oasis located in the La Guajira Desert. The park covers in\n\nQuestion: What is Blue \u00d6yster Cult", "output": "Blue \u00d6yster Cult is  an American rock band formed on Long Island in Stony Brook, New York, in 1967."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "David Edward Price (May 11, 1826 \u2013 August 22, 1883) was a Quebec businessman and political figure. He was a Conservative member of the Senate of Canada from 1867 to 1883. He was born at Quebec City in 1826, the son of William Price, and, after completing his studies, went to London, England to learn the lumber trade with his father's partners. In 1847, he began work in his father's firm. He was elected to the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada representing Chicoutimi and Tadoussac in an 1855 by-election; he was elected in Chicoutimi\u2014Saguenay in 1858, 1861 and 1863. He resigned in 1864 and was elected to the Legislative Council for the Laurentides division in the same year. He served until Confederation when he was appointed to the Senate. In 1867, with his brothers William Evan and Evan John, he started Price Brothers and Company, a forest products\n\nChina Federation for Defending the Diaoyu Islands () is a non-governmental organization which maintains that the Senkaku (Diaoyu) Islands are a part of Chinese territory in the Senkaku Islands dispute. The territorial rights to the islands are disputed between the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, and Japan, which currently has control over the islands. In the early morning of March 24, 2004, seven activists from the group landed on the islands, planning to stay for several days. That afternoon, they were detained by the Japanese coast guard. The incident gave the territorial dispute renewed media attention and worsened Sino-Japanese relations. See also 2012 China anti-Japanese demonstrations Action Committee for Defending the Diaoyu Islands Anti-Japanese sentiment in China References External links Private Group Plans to Lease, Develop Diaoyu Islands in China Internet Information Center. New Sino-Japanese strain over disputed islands in Asia Times. China\u2013Japan relations Political organizations based\n\nThe \"Steamboat Bill\" Memorial Bridges are two bridges that span one of the widest points along the Tennessee River within the city of Decatur, Alabama, between Morgan County, and Limestone County. One is a cantilever truss, and the other is a reinforced concrete. The bridges carry US 31, US 72A, and State Route 20 from the intersection of Wilson Street (US 72A, and SR 20), and 6th Avenue (US 31) in northeast Decatur. Keller Memorial Bridge The first bridge built here was the William Keller Bridge, completed in 1928. This drawbridge served as the primary until the cantilever truss bridge was built in 1963. The Keller Bridge carried the southbound traffic and the new bridge carried the northbound traffic. As time moved on, the currents of the Tennessee River changed and running barges through the narrow gap created by the drawbridge became more dangerous, and the bridge was hit several\n\nQuestion: What's Captain William J. Hudson \"Steamboat Bill\" Memorial Bridges?", "output": "The \"Steamboat Bill\" Memorial Bridges are two bridges that span one of the widest points along the Tennessee River within the city of Decatur, Alabama, between Morgan County, and Limestone County."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Fire from Heaven is a 1969 historical novel by Mary Renault about the childhood and youth of Alexander the Great. It reportedly was a major inspiration for the Oliver Stone film Alexander. The book was nominated for the \u201cLost Man Booker Prize\u201d of 1970, \"a contest delayed by 40 years because a reshuffling of the fledgeling competition\u2019s rules\", but lost out to Troubles by J. G. Farrell. Plot summary Concise Summary Fire from Heaven begins with Alexander as a young child in the court of his father, Philip of Macedon, and closes with the immediate aftermath of his father's assassination at Aegae, the event which led Alexander to assume power. The novel deals with the relationship between Philip and Queen Olympias and Alexander's changing loyalties to them, Alexander's tuition under Aristotle, Alexander's sexuality and relationship with his friend and future General Hephaistion, and Alexander's growing prowess as a soldier during\n\nHexadimethrine bromide (commercial brand name Polybrene) is a cationic polymer with several uses. Currently, it is primarily used to increase the efficiency of transduction of certain cells with retrovirus in cell culture. Hexadimethrine bromide acts by neutralizing the charge repulsion between virions and sialic acid on the cell surface. Use of Polybrene can improve transduction efficiency 100-1000 fold although it can be toxic to some cell types. Polybrene in combination with DMSO shock is used to transfect some cell types such as NIH-3T3 and CHO. It has other uses, including a role in protein sequencing. Hexadimethrine bromide also reverses heparin anticoagulation during open-heart surgery, and it was the original reversal agents used in the 1950s and 1960s. It was replaced by protamine sulfate in 1969, after it was shown that hexadimethrine bromide could potentially cause kidney failure in dogs when used in doses in excess of its therapeutic range. It\n\nArthur Scott Lodge (20 November 1922 \u2013 24 June 2005) was a prominent rheologist and the originator of the Lodge elastic liquid constitutive equation and inventor of the Lodge Stressmeter. Author of two important textbooks in rheology (Elastic Liquids and Body Tensor Fields in Continuum Mechanics) he was one of the founding members of the Rheology Research Center at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, USA. Lodge was born in Liverpool and received his bachelor's degree in Mathematics (1945) and DPhil in Theoretical Nuclear Physics (1948) from Oxford University. In 1949, he took a position at the British Rayon Research Association, where his supervisor was Karl Weissenberg, inventor of the Weissenberg rheogoniometer. In 1961, Lodge joined the faculty of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST). In 1964, Lodge authored the text Elastic Liquids (Academic Press), and spent the academic year 1965\u20131966 in Madison, Wisconsin, USA as a visiting\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Arthur S. Lodge.", "output": "Arthur Scott Lodge was a prominent rheologist and the originator of the Lodge elastic liquid constitutive equation and inventor of the Lodge Stressmeter."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Missouri Baptist University (MBU) is a private Southern Baptist university in Creve Coeur, Missouri. It is one of three universities of the Missouri Baptist Convention. The main campus is located on a 68-acre site near Creve Coeur and Town and County in West St Louis County, off highway 64-40. There are currently 12 MBU locations including its regional learning centers throughout the St. Louis region and Illinois. The school enrolled 5,309 students in 2019. History In 1957, a growing need for an evangelical Christian institution in the St. Louis area prompted the opening of a campus extension of Hannibal\u2013LaGrange College (now Hannibal\u2013LaGrange University) at Tower Grove Baptist Church. Sixty-eight students were enrolled that inaugural year. Classes for the extension center, also known as St. Louis Baptist College, met in the activities building of Tower Grove Baptist Church. In 1964, Missouri Baptist College was chartered as an evangelical Christian, four-year liberal\n\nThe Diocese of Brownsville (, ) is a Latin Church diocese in southeastern Texas in the United States. The Diocese of Brownsville is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston. The diocese's first cathedral church is Immaculate Conception Cathedral in Brownsville, Texas. History 1690 to 1965 The first Catholic mission in Texas, then part of the Spanish Empire, was San Francisco de los Tejas. It was founded by Franciscan Father Dami\u00e1n Massanet in 1690 in the Weches area. The priests left the mission after three years, then established a second mission, Nuestro Padre San Francisco de los Tejas, near present-day Alto in 1716. In 1839, after the 1836 founding of the Texas Republic, Pope Gregory XVI erected the prefecture apostolic of Texas, covering its present-day area. In 1847, the vicariate became the Diocese of Galveston. A French merchant in 1865 constructed the La Lomita\n\nThe sphenoid sinus is a paired paranasal sinus occurring within the body of the sphenoid bone. It represents one pair of the four paired paranasal sinuses. The pair of sphenoid sinuses are separated in the middle by a septum of sphenoid sinuses. Each sphenoid sinus communicates with the nasal cavity via the opening of sphenoidal sinus. The two sphenoid sinuses vary in size and shape, and are usually asymmetrical. Anatomy On average, a sphenoid sinus measures 2.2 cm vertical height, 2 cm in transverse breadth; and 2.2 cm antero-posterior depth. Each spehoid sinus is contained within the body of sphenoid bone, being situated just inferior to the sella turcica. The two sphenoid sinuses are separated medially by the septum of sphenoidal sinuses (which is usually asymmetrical). An opening of sphenoidal sinus forms a passage between each sphenoidal sinus, and the nasal cavity. Posteriorly, an opening of sphenoidal sinus opens into\n\nQuestion: What's Roman Catholic Diocese of Brownsville?", "output": "The Diocese of Brownsville is a Latin Church diocese in southeastern Texas in the United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "An alloy is a mixture of chemical elements of which at least one is a metal. Unlike chemical compounds with metallic bases, an alloy will retain all the properties of a metal in the resulting material, such as electrical conductivity, ductility, opacity, and luster, but may have properties that differ from those of the pure metals, such as increased strength or hardness. In some cases, an alloy may reduce the overall cost of the material while preserving important properties. In other cases, the mixture imparts synergistic properties to the constituent metal elements such as corrosion resistance or mechanical strength. In an alloy, the atoms are joined by metallic bonding rather than by covalent bonds typically found in chemical compounds. The alloy constituents are usually measured by mass percentage for practical applications, and in atomic fraction for basic science studies. Alloys are usually classified as substitutional or interstitial alloys, depending on\n\nIlex montana, the mountain winterberry (or \"mountain holly\" which is more typically Ilex mucronata), is a species of holly native to the Eastern United States, ranging along the Appalachian Mountains from southeast Massachusetts to northeast Alabama and northern Georgia. Synonyms include Ilex monticola. Description Ilex montana is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to tall. The leaves are 3\u20139 cm long and 2\u20135 cm broad, light green, ovate or oblong, wedge-shaped or rounded at the base and acute at apex, with a serrated margin and an acuminate apex; they do not suggest the popular idea of a holly, with no spines or bristles. The leaves turn yellow before dropping in late autumn. The flowers are 4\u20135 mm diameter, with a four-lobed white corolla, appearing in late spring when the leaves are more than half grown. The fruit is a spherical bright red drupe 8\u201310 mm diameter, containing four seeds.\n\nThe Minidish is the tradename used for the small-sized satellite dish used by Freesat and Sky. The term has entered the vocabulary in the UK and Ireland as a generic term for a satellite dish, particularly small ones. The Minidish is an oval, mesh satellite dish capable of reflecting signals broadcast in the upper X band and . Two sizes exist: \"Zone 1\" dishes are issued in southern and Northern England and parts of Scotland and were 43 cm vertically prior to 2009; newer mark 4 dishes are approximately 50 cm \"Zone 2\" dishes are issued in elsewhere (Wales, Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland, Scotland and northern England), which are 57 cm vertically. The Minidish uses a non-standard connector for the LNB, consisting of a peg about in width and in height prior to the mark 4 dishes introduced in 2009, as opposed to the 40 mm collar. This enforces\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Ilex montana is.", "output": "Ilex montana, the mountain winterberry, is a species of holly native to the Eastern United States, ranging along the Appalachian Mountains from southeast Massachusetts to northeast Alabama and northern Georgia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lazonby is a village and civil parish in the Lower Eden Valley of Cumbria; it is located about north-north-east of Penrith and 24 miles (38 km) south of the Scottish Borders. The total population of the ward of Lazonby, which also includes the nearby villages of North Dykes, Great Salkeld and Salkeld Dykes, was 1,425 at the time of the 2001 UK Census; this figure included 1,011 people between the ages of 16 and 74, of whom 675 were in employment. At the time of the 2011 Census, the population had decreased to 976. Description The village has one church, one chapel, two pubs (the Midland Hotel and the Joiner's Arms), a primary school, retained fire station, a Lakes & Dales Co-operative supermarket and post office, livestock auction mart, swimming pool and campsite , railway station (part of the Settle-Carlisle line) and the Bell's of Lazonby bakery complex. There is\n\nRav Abba bar Aybo (; 175\u2013247 CE), commonly known as Abba Arikha () or simply as Rav (), was a Jewish amora of the 3rd century. He was born and lived in Kafri, Asoristan, in the Sasanian Empire. In Sura, Arikha established the systematic study of the rabbinic traditions, which, using the Mishnah as a foundational text, led to the compilation of the Talmud. With him began the long period of ascendancy of the prestigious Talmudic academies in Babylonia around the year 220. In the Talmud, he is frequently associated with Samuel of Nehardea, a fellow amora with whom he debated many issues. Biography His surname, Arikha (English: the Tall), he owed to his height, which exceeded that of his contemporaries. Others, reading Arekha, consider it an honorary title, \"Lecturer\". In the traditional literature he is referred to almost exclusively as Rav, \"the Master\", (both his contemporaries and posterity recognizing\n\nSoci\u00e9t\u00e9 nationale d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et de thermique (SNET) is a French electricity generation and distribution company. As the inheritor of Charbonnages de France's thermal power stations, SNET have an installed capacity of 2.4 gigawatts, or around 2% of the capacity of \u00c9lectricit\u00e9 de France. Overview SNET has been a competitor of EDF since the opening of the French electricity market in 1999. In September 2004, the company was acquired by the Spanish company Endesa. According to L'Humanit\u00e9, this was followed by the downsizing of 30% of the staff. In June 2008 SNET was sold to the German group E.ON. As of 2012 SNET was building several combined cycle gas turbines, the two first French ones at the thermal plant Emile Huchet in Saint-Avold in northeastern France. See also Energy in France List of French companies References External links Official Website Green Electricity E.ON Energetick\u00fd a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd holding Electric power companies of\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 nationale d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et de thermique is.", "output": "Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 nationale d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et de thermique is a French electricity generation and distribution company."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Chilean Armed Forces () is the unified military organization comprising the Chilean Army, Air Force, and Navy. The President of Chile is the commander-in-chief of the military, and formulates policy through the Minister of Defence. In recent years and after several major reequipment programs, the Chilean Armed Forces have become one of the most technologically advanced and professional armed forces in Latin America. The Chilean Army is mostly supplied with equipment from Germany, the United States, Brazil, Israel, France, and Spain. Structure Army The current commander-in-chief of the Chilean Army is General de Ej\u00e9rcito Sr. Javier Iturriaga del Campo. The 46,350-person army is organized under six military administrative regions and six divisional headquarters. The forces include one special forces brigade, four armoured brigades, one armoured detachment, three motorized brigades, two motorized detachments, four mountain detachments and one aviation brigade. The army operates German Leopard 1 and 2 tanks as\n\nIn Malaysian folklore, the Orang Mawas or Mawas (also known as the Orang Dalam) is an entity reported to inhabit the jungle of Johor in Malaysia. It is described as being about 10 ft (2.4\u20133 m) tall, bipedal and covered in black fur, and has been reported feeding on fish and raiding orchards. There have been many sightings of the creature, which the local Orang Asli people call hantu jarang gigi, which translates as 'Snaggle-toothed Ghost'. Recorded claims of Mawas sightings date back to 1871. Some speculate the creature may be a surviving Gigantopithecus (or at least a folk memory of the animal), while the scientific community tends to dismiss the sightings as misidentified sun bears. Similar creatures are reported in other countries in southeast Asia, such as the Muwa in the Philippines or the Butnak () in southern Thailand. In Sumatra, mawas (sometimes maias) is common name for the\n\nIn engineering, double-subscript notation is notation used to indicate some variable between two points (each point being represented by one of the subscripts). In electronics, the notation is usually used to indicate the direction of current or voltage, while in mechanical engineering it is sometimes used to describe the force or stress between two points, and sometimes even a component that spans between two points (like a beam on a bridge or truss). Although there are many cases where multiple subscripts are used, they are not necessarily called double subscript notation specifically. Electronic usage IEEE standard 255-1963, \"Letter Symbols for Semiconductor Devices\", defined eleven original quantity symbols expressed as abbreviations. This is the basis for a convention to standardize the directions of double-subscript labels. The following uses transistors as an example, but shows how the direction is read generally. The convention works like this: represents the voltage from C to\n\nQuestion: Define Orang Mawas.", "output": "In Malaysian folklore, the Orang Mawas or Mawas is an entity reported to inhabit the jungle of Johor in Malaysia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Benson Deng is a South Sudanese-born American writer and one of the Lost Boys of Sudan. He is best known as the co-author of the book They Poured Fire on Us From the Sky (2005), written with his brother Alephonsion Deng, cousin Benjamin Ajak, and Judy A. Bernstein. When Benson was a seven-years-old member of the Dinka tribe, Sudanese National Islamic militants attacked his village of Juol, Sudan, and he fled with his brother and cousin at the age of five. Wearing only his underwear he, along with thousands of other boys, traveled a thousand miles across Sudan to Ethiopia on foot, without parents, facing crocodiles, yellow fever, chronic hunger and thirst, and militants along the way. Refugee camps which he arrived at like Panyido were already crowded, and contained 50,000 people or more. In Ethiopia, he learned the English alphabet by writing with his finger in the sand, using\n\nPolar Beverages is a soft drink company based in Worcester, Massachusetts. It is a manufacturer and distributor of sparkling fruit beverages, seltzer, ginger ale, drink mixers, and spring water to customers in the United States. It is the largest independent soft-drink bottler in the United States. It markets beverages under its flagship brand, Polar Beverages, and under the brands Adirondack Beverages, Polar Seltzer, and Cape Cod Dry. In addition to its own drinks, Polar bottles and distributes national brands for companies such as Keurig Dr Pepper. The company has two bottling plants and six distribution facilities; it also offers corporate water services and beverage vending equipment. It is a fourth-generation, family-owned business that traces its roots to 1882; and is run by Ralph Crowley Jr., the great-grandson of founder Dennis M. Crowley. History Polar was founded by Ralph\u2019s great-grandfather, Dennis Mark \"Boss\" Crowley. The business began in the 1880s as\n\nCourtney Gains (born August 22, 1965) is an American character actor best known for his portrayal of Malachai in the 1984 horror movie Children of the Corn. Career Gains achieved success during the 1980s with a variety of roles in films such as Children of the Corn, Hardbodies, Lust in the Dust, Back to the Future, Can't Buy Me Love, Secret Admirer, Colors, The 'Burbs, and Memphis Belle. Later films include Sweet Home Alabama, Dorm Daze (which he also executive-produced), Desolation Canyon, and a cameo in Rob Zombie's Halloween remake. In addition to his film work, Gains appeared in the video games Wing Commander III: Heart of the Tiger, LA Noire and guest-starred on episodes of various television series, including Seinfeld, Monk, In the Heat of the Night, ER, JAG, Nash Bridges, Diagnosis: Murder, Charmed, Alias and My Name is Earl. Gains has also worked as an acting coach. Gains\n\nQuestion: Define Polar Beverages.", "output": "Polar Beverages is a soft drink company based in Worcester, Massachusetts."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Henri Charles Manguin (; 23 March 187425 September 1949) was a French painter, associated with the Fauves. Manguin entered the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts to study under Gustave Moreau, as did Henri Matisse and Charles Camoin with whom he became close friends. Like them, Manguin made copies of Renaissance art in the Louvre. Manguin was greatly influenced by Impressionism, as is seen in his use of bright pastel hues. He married in 1899 and made numerous portraits of his wife, Jeanne, and their family. In 1902, Manguin had his first exhibition at the Salon des Ind\u00e9pendants and Salon d'Automne. Many of his paintings were of Mediterranean landscapes; and would soon represent the height of his career as a Fauve artist. 1905 Ind\u00e9pendants From 24 March to 30 April, the burgeoning of Fauvism was visible at the Ind\u00e9pendants, prior to the infamous Salon d'Automne exhibition of 1905 which historically marks the birth\n\nVojnik (; ) is the largest settlement and the centre of the Municipality of Vojnik in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the Hudinja River, north of Celje. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region. Locals make their living from farming, but there are also many small businesses. Vojnik was first mentioned as a borough in 1306. There were many fires in the town, and the town even burned to the ground in 1839. Name Vojnik was first attested in written sources in 1165 as de Hoheneke (and as Hohnec in 1173, Hohenekke circa 1175, and Hohenek in 1199). The medieval German forms of the name (literally, 'high hill') are the result of folk etymology. The name is derived from *Xvoj\u044cnik\u044a, from Slavic *xvoja 'fir, spruce'. Accentual evidence makes the name's derivation from *voj\u044cnik\u044a 'soldier' unlikely. In\n\nA play-in game is a game, usually played at the beginning of a tournament or just prior to the tournament depending on how the tournament is defined. In a play-in, the lowest qualifiers and/or participants who have earned conditional qualification compete for qualification to the main portion of the tournament. This gives an added advantage to the higher or direct qualifiers, allowing them to rest and/or play non-elimination games, while the lower teams extend themselves by playing in elimination games. Further, teams that advance from a play-in must usually start the main tournament against the highest qualifier in the tournament and on the road. Having a play-in game allows for a tournament to have a number of teams that is not a power of two without having to grant byes in the main tournament. It also gives extra incentives for most if not all teams to play for, as better\n\nQuestion: What is Vojnik, Vojnik?", "output": "Vojnik is the largest settlement and the centre of the Municipality of Vojnik in eastern Slovenia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Fern Fitzgerald (born January 7, 1947 in Valley Stream, New York) is an American actress, best known for her recurring role as oil cartel businesswoman Marilee Stone in the CBS primetime soap opera Dallas from 1979 to 1989. She guest-starred in the number of other television series, like Archie Bunker's Place, Hill Street Blues, Hotel, Who's the Boss?, Life Goes On, and Seinfeld. In film, Fitzgerald appeared in The Beach Girls (1982). She also appeared in the original productions of Chicago and A Chorus Line on Broadway. Filmography All My Children (1978) A Cry for Love as Barbara (1980) Too Close for Comfort as Masseuse (1 episode, 1980) Hart to Hart as Female Passenger (1 episode, 1981) The Beach Girls as Julie (1982) Madame's Place as Rhoda Royale (1 episode, 1982) Archie Bunker's Place as Pat McBride (3 episodes, 1983) Hill Street Blues (1 episode, 1983) Silver Spoons as Corinne\n\nTring Rural is a civil parish in Hertfordshire, England. It includes the villages of Long Marston, Wilstone, Puttenham, and the hamlets of Gubblecote and Astrope. It is largely situated to the north-west of the town of Tring. The town of Tring itself is not part of the parish. The ancient parish of Tring covered an extensive rural area as well as the town itself. The Tring Local Government District was created in 1859 covering the built-up area of the town, but the local government district did not cover the whole parish of Tring. Under the Local Government Act 1894, local government districts became urban districts, and parishes which were part inside and part outside an urban district, such as Tring, had to be split into separate parishes. The parts of the old parish of Tring outside the urban district therefore became the parish of Tring Rural. The first parish meeting\n\nThe Sound of the Jam is a compilation album and the fifth greatest hits album by the group The Jam, released to mark their twenty-fifth anniversary. It contains a remixed version of 'That's Entertainment', featuring only the guitars and vocals of the demo version; and without the bass, drums and percussion. There is also a 2-disc version which includes a DVD of 11 videos of The Jam playing. The second disc is some of their other hits and songs that did not appear on any of their studio albums or were unreleased. Track listing All tracks written by Paul Weller unless noted. Disc one Disc two Charts Personnel Paul Weller \u2013 vocals, lead guitar, bass guitar, keyboards, backing vocals Rick Buckler \u2013 drums, percussion Bruce Foxton \u2013 vocals, bass guitar, rhythm guitar, backing vocals Steve Brookes \u2013 lead guitar (1972\u20131976) Additional personnel Tracie Young \u2013 backing vocals on \"Beat Surrender\"\n\nQuestion: Who is Fern Fitzgerald", "output": "Fern Fitzgerald is an American actress, best known for her recurring role as oil cartel businesswoman Marilee Stone in the CBS primetime soap opera Dallas from 1979 to 1989."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Richard Henry Wilde Dillard (October 11, 1937 \u2013 April 4, 2023) was an American poet, author, critic, and translator. Life and career Richard Henry Wilde Dillard was born in Roanoke, Virginia, Dillard was best known as a poet. He is also highly regarded as a writer of fiction and critical essays, as well as one of the screenwriters for the cult classic Frankenstein Meets the Space Monster. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Roanoke College and went on to receive of a Master of Arts (1959) and the Ph. D. (1965) from the University of Virginia. While at the University of Virginia he was both a Woodrow Wilson and a DuPont Fellow. He is considered something of an institution at Hollins University where he has been teaching creative writing, literature, and film studies since 1964. Dillard has been the editor of the Hollins Critic since 1996. He also\n\nBradford-on-Avon railway station is a railway station on the Wessex Main Line in between and , serving the town of Bradford on Avon (the station name is hyphenated, unlike the name of the town), in Wiltshire, England. The station is south east of . The station was originally conceived by the Wilts, Somerset and Weymouth Railway, but was not built until after the company was purchased by the Great Western Railway in 1850 and did not open until 1857. History The new station buildings were completed by 1850, and also included a goods shed, although the railway tracks were not added until later. The main station was built to the most elaborate of the standard designs used by Brunel, resembling a lodge or estate house of the period, but used local Bath stone, rather than the more commonly used bricks and mortar. Initial plans A branch line serving Bradford on\n\nUpper Seymour River Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. Located in an isolated area in the interior of the province, 40 kilometres north of the community of Seymour Arm. It protects at the headwaters of the Seymour River, which is the major drainage system into the Seymour Arm of Shuswap Lake. History The 10,672 hectare park was proposed via the Okanagan-Shuswap Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP) process and was later established as a Class A Park on April 18, 2001. Geography A large mountain valley that extends from a low river floodplain at an elevation of 600 metres to steep and narrow headwaters that culminate at Seymour Pass with an elevation of 1200 metres. The valley sides are steep with slide paths and streams leading from ridges and basins. The southern section of the park is the main entrance into the park via forest service\n\nQuestion: Define R. H. W. Dillard.", "output": "Richard Henry Wilde Dillard was an American poet, author, critic, and translator."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Neunkirchen (; ) is a town and a municipality in Saarland, Germany. It is the largest town in, and the seat of the district of Neunkirchen. It is situated on the river Blies, approx. 20 km northeast of Saarbr\u00fccken. With about 50,000 inhabitants, Neunkirchen is Saarland's second largest city. Overview The name of the town derives from \"An der neuen Kirche\" meaning \"by the new church\" not from \"nine churches\" as one might be tempted to assume. In the past, Neunkirchen's economy has been shaped almost exclusively by coal and steel. With the decline of this industry sector, Neunkirchen's economy had to face drastic changes and underwent a significant shift towards the service and retail sector, although smaller industries still remain. History Early history The earliest settlements in the area can be dated back to 700 BC. The oldest part of the town is the village of Wiebelskirchen north of\n\nRoetgen () is a municipality in the district of Aachen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Geography Roetgen is located approximately 16 km (10 mi) south-east of Aachen, near the border with Belgium. It is in the north of the High Fens-Eifel Nature Park on the Weser stream which rises a few kilometres to the south. Between Roetgen and Rott is the Dreil\u00e4gerbach Reservoir, which is fed by the Dreil\u00e4gerbach stream and the artificially Schleebachgraben and Hasselbachgraben ditches. The attached waterworks supplies large parts of Aachen and the Dutch town of Kerkrade with drinking water. The parish of Roetgen includes the villages of Roetgen, Rott and Mulartsh\u00fctte, which is the oldest part of Roetgen. To the northwest is the borough of Aachen with its quarters of Kornelim\u00fcnster and Walheim, to the northeast is the town of Stolberg with its quarters of Venwegen and Zweifall, to the southeast is the Simmerath parish of\n\nHarassment is a topic which, in the past couple of decades, has been taken increasingly seriously in the United Kingdom, and has been the subject of a number of pieces of legislation. Introduction Racial and sexual discrimination have been unlawful under the Race Relations Acts and the Equality Act 2010 (originally the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 which was repealed). Respectively, it is only comparatively recently that specific legislation has defined harassment specifically as unlawful. Because of the rise recently in awareness of the issues involved in harassment, recent trends have shown significant rises in the number of people making claims of harassment at Employment Tribunals. If the complaint is serious, high damages may be awarded against the Employer, so it is important for the Employer to take seriously any allegation of harassment at an early stage and take steps to quickly resolve it. There is also legislation in place to\n\nQuestion: What is Neunkirchen, Saarland", "output": "Neunkirchen is a town and a municipality in Saarland, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Serinhisar is a municipality and district of Denizli Province, Turkey. Its area is 256 km2, and its population is 14,355 (2022). Name Other names include Karia (in Latin) and K\u0131z\u0131lhisar (literally \"a red castle\"). The latter is the name given by the Seljuk Turks as there were brick built fortifications here. The name was changed to Serinhisar (literally \"a cool castle\") in 1987, apparently because red castle was too symbolic of communism. History The area was first settled by the Hittites in 1500 BC, and later passed into the hands of the Lydians (800 BC), Persians (546 BC), Ancient Greeks (440 BC), Ancient Macedonians (334 BC) and Romans (133 BC). When the Roman Empire was divided in 395 the area remained within the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine) and was then possessed by the Seljuk Turks in 1077, who ruled until 1308. Turkmens (from Oghuz Turks' Avsar and Kayi tribe) were\n\nGillian Sewell (born November 1, 1972, in Belfast, Northern Ireland) is a former Irish Canadian field hockey player who earned 36 international caps for the Canada during her career. On national level Sewell, a resident of Hamilton, Ontario, has participated in the CIAU Championships for four years and has led her team to three OWIAA Championships. She has been a CIAU and conference all star from 1991 to 1994 and 1996. The Belfast-born Sewell claimed all-star honours in Indoor Hockey as well for both Ontario and Canada. She captained the 1993 Canadian Junior World Cup Team. International Senior Tournaments 1995 \u2013 Pan American Games, Mar del Plata, Argentina (3rd) 1995 \u2013 Olympic Qualifier, Cape Town, South Africa (7th) 1997 \u2013 World Cup Qualifier, Harare, Zimbabwe (11th) External links Profile on Field Hockey Canada 1972 births Living people Canadian female field hockey players Sportspeople from Hamilton, Ontario Canadian people of Northern\n\nMythago Wood is a fantasy novel by British writer Robert Holdstock, published in the United Kingdom in 1984. Mythago Wood is set in Herefordshire, England, in and around a stand of ancient woodland, known as Ryhope Wood. The story involves the internally estranged members of the Huxley family, particularly Stephen Huxley, and his experiences with the enigmatic forest and its magical inhabitants. The conception began as a short story written for the 1979 Milford Writer's Workshop; a novella of the same name appeared in the September 1981 edition of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction. It won the World Fantasy Award for Best Novel in 1985. It belongs to a type of fantasy literature known as mythic fiction. It has received critical acclaim for the quality of its prose, its forest setting, and its exploration of philosophical, spiritual and psychological themes. It served as the first in a series\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Mythago Wood is.", "output": "Mythago Wood is a fantasy novel  by British writer Robert Holdstock, published in the United Kingdom in 1984."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Snetterton is a village and civil parish in Norfolk, England. The village is about east-northeast of Thetford and southwest of Norwich. The civil parish has an area of . The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 201 people living in 74 households. The parish is in Breckland District. History The earliest known surviving record of the place-name is in the Domesday Book of 1086, which records it as Snentretuna. It is derived from Old English, meaning \"Snytra's enclosure\". The earliest part of the Church of England parish church of All Saints is the 13th-century chancel, which has a double piscina. The west tower is 14th-century, as is the bowl of the baptismal font. In the 15th century the nave was rebuilt and the north aisle and south porch were built. The north porch was added in the 19th century. The church was restored in 1852, when the nave and\n\nAcrylic paint is a fast-drying paint made of pigment suspended in acrylic polymer emulsion and plasticizers, silicone oils, defoamers, stabilizers, or metal soaps. Most acrylic paints are water-based, but become water-resistant when dry. Depending on how much the paint is diluted with water, or modified with acrylic gels, mediums, or pastes, the finished acrylic painting can resemble a watercolor, a gouache, or an oil painting, or have its own unique characteristics not attainable with other media. Water-based acrylic paints are used as latex house paints, as latex is the technical term for a suspension of polymer microparticles in water. Interior latex house paints tend to be a combination of binder (sometimes acrylic, vinyl, pva, and others), filler, pigment, and water. Exterior latex house paints may also be a co-polymer blend, but the best exterior water-based paints are 100% acrylic, because of its elasticity and other factors. Vinyl, however, costs half\n\nN\u00e6sby Boldklub is a Danish football club currently playing in the Danish 3rd Division, the fourth tier of Danish football. They play at ALPI Arena N\u00e6sby in Kirkendrup, Odense N. Their home ground has a capacity of 2,500. History Early years N\u00e6sby Boldklub was founded in 1938. In the first year of the club's existence, it played its home matches at H\u00f8jl\u00f8kke All\u00e9: a highly questionable pitch which was therefore given the unfavourable nickname Grusgraven (\"the gravel pit\"). In 1950, N\u00e6sby Boldklub moved to a ground on S\u00f8ren Eriksensvej, and in 1968 a new clubhouse was inaugurated which replace the so-called German barracks left behind following World War II. Since 1984, the club has been located on St\u00e6rehusvej in the Odense suburb of Kirkendrup. In 1951, N\u00e6sby Boldklub promoted to Series 1, the sixth tier of Danish football. Five years later, the club reached promotion to the Funen Series, the\n\nQuestion: What is N\u00e6sby Boldklub?", "output": "N\u00e6sby Boldklub is a Danish football club currently playing in the Danish 3rd Division, the fourth tier of Danish football."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "KZPS (92.5 FM) is an iHeartMedia classic rock formatted commercial radio station licensed to Dallas, Texas, and serving the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex in North Texas. The studios are located along Dallas Parkway in Farmers Branch (although it has a Dallas address). KZPS has an effective radiated power (ERP) of . The transmitter site is off West Belt Line Road in Cedar Hill, amid the towers for other Dallas-area FM and TV stations. The station uses HD Radio technology, although it currently offers no separate digital subchannels. History KRLD-FM (1948-1972) The station first signed on the air on April 1, 1948 with the KRLD-FM call sign. (That callsign is currently used on a sports radio station owned by Audacy, KRLD-FM.) The original KRLD-FM initially simulcast co-owned KRLD. KRLD-AM-FM were owned by the Times Herald Printing Company, along with daily newspaper The Dallas Times Herald. A TV station was added the following\n\nThe UEFA Respect Fair Play ranking was used by UEFA from 1995 to the 2015\u201316 season to grant three berths for the first qualifying round of the UEFA Europa League. Since that time it has granted a monetary prize to winning associations. Qualification system 1995\u20131998 The three highest-performing associations in the UEFA Fair Play ranking were given an extra UEFA Cup berth for the best-finishing team in their top division who have not qualified for the following season's UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup Winners' Cup or UEFA Cup. Which round the teams started from depended on their association's UEFA coefficient. 1999\u20132008 The highest-finishing club in the Fair Play rankings of a qualifying association, not yet participating in either the UEFA Champions League or the UEFA Cup (the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup became defunct after 1998\u201399), were potential contenders for the three remaining berths. The club from the association which won\n\nRichard Heimberg (born December 21, 1950) is a researcher, psychotherapist, and current professor at Temple University. Early life Heimberg graduated magna cum laude from the University of Tennessee in 1972, earning a Bachelor of Science degree in psychology. He earned a Master of Science in 1974 and Doctor of Philosophy in 1977, both from Florida State University. Career Cognitive behaviour group therapy was founded on principles developed by Heimberg at the University of Albany's Centre for Stress and Anxiety Disorders. His focus lies on anxiety disorders, specifically social phobia. He has published more than 400 articles and books. In 1983, he became the first researcher to receive National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) funding to study psychosocial treatments for social phobia after the term first appeared in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1980. See also Cognitive therapy External links Homepage at Temple\n\nQuestion: What's KZPS?", "output": "KZPS is an iHeartMedia classic rock formatted commercial radio station licensed to Dallas, Texas, and serving the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex in North Texas."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Coombe Dingle is a suburb of Bristol, England, centred near where the Hazel Brook tributary of the River Trym emerges from a limestone gorge bisecting the Blaise Castle Estate to join the main course of the Trym. Historically this area formed part of the parish of Westbury on Trym, Gloucestershire, and it is now part of Kingsweston ward of the city of Bristol. South of Coombe Dingle is Sea Mills; to the north is Kings Weston Hill; to the west are Kings Weston House and Shirehampton Park; and to the east, Henbury Golf Club and Westbury on Trym proper. The inhabited place appears simply as Combe, Coomb or Coombe, meaning 'short bowl-shaped valley', in documents from the 13th century onwards and on early maps. The name applied to Coombe Farm and Coombe House on the eastern side of the confluence of the Hazel Brook and the Trym, not where the\n\n, short for argumentum ad hominem, is a term that refers to several types of arguments, most of which are fallacious. Typically this term refers to a rhetorical strategy where the speaker attacks the character, motive, or some other attribute of the person making an argument rather than attacking the substance of the argument itself. This avoids genuine debate by creating a diversion to some irrelevant but often highly charged issue. The most common form of this fallacy is \"A makes a claim x, B asserts that A holds a property that is unwelcome, and hence B concludes that argument x is wrong\". The valid types of ad hominem arguments are generally only encountered in specialized philosophical usage. These typically refer to the dialectical strategy of using the target's own beliefs and arguments against them, while not agreeing with the validity of those beliefs and arguments. Ad hominem arguments were\n\nB Resort & Spa is a 394-room non-Disney resort on the property of Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. It is located near the Disney Springs area on Hotel Plaza Blvd. Information The resort originally opened as The Royal Inn on October 1, 1972. In the mid or late 1970s, the hotel's name was changed to the Hotel Royal Plaza and after a 2012-2014 rebranding, is now known as B Resort & Spa. The hotel has one restaurant, American Kitchen, a poolside bar and lounge, in-room dining, and The Pickup for lighter fare. It also features the B Indulged Spa, which offers a wide array of various spa treatments, and has six different meeting or wedding venues. The resort was forced to close in August 2004 after sustaining major damage from Hurricane Charley. It reopened in 2006 after receiving a major multimillion-dollar renovation. On June 4, 2012,\n\nQuestion: What's B Resort & Spa?", "output": "B Resort & Spa is a 394-room non-Disney resort on the property of Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The \u00celes des Saintes (; ), also known as Les Saintes (, ), is a group of small islands in the archipelago of Guadeloupe, an overseas department of France. It is part of the Canton of Trois-Rivi\u00e8res and is divided into two communes: Terre-de-Haut and Terre-de-Bas. It is in the arrondissement of Basse-Terre and also in Guadeloupe's 4th constituency. History Pre-Columbian Les Saintes, due to their location in the heart of the Lesser Antilles, were frequented first by Indian tribes coming from Caribbean and Central America. Caarouca\u00ebra (the Arawak name of \u00celes des Saintes), although uninhabited due to the lack of spring water, were regularly visited by Arawak peoples then Kalinagos living on the neighbourhood islands of Guadeloupe and Dominica around the 9th century. They went there to practise hunting and fishing. The archaeological remains of war axes and pottery dug up on the site of Anse Rodrigue's Beach and\n\nTV Roskosmos ( - TeleStudio of Roskosmos) is the television station of the Russian Federal Space Agency. The channel and studio is managed by Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky (). Unlike its United States counterpart, NASA TV, it does not operate 24 hours a day. When available, TV Roskosmos is streamed live over YouTube. During coverage related to the International Space Station, NASA TV will sometimes carry Roskosmos TV segments with English voiceover translation. Roscosmos TV-Studio is a TV production studio, affiliated within the structure of Roscosmos, producing and promoting documentaries that highlight the most timely and historic events of the national space industry in Russia and abroad. The Studio's films, programmes and reports dwell on cutting-edge space equipment and people participating in space programmes including scientists, designers, cosmonauts. Video materials devoted to the history of Soviet and Russian cosmonautics touch upon the issues of astronomy and planetology. History The television studio\n\nThe Beaumont Civic Center, in downtown Beaumont, Texas, is a 6,500-seat arena where concerts, conventions, trade shows and exhibitions are held. Banquet maximum capacity is 2,000. It has of ground-level exhibit space and space on the second level for a combined space of . The building includes four dressing rooms with showers. 850 parking spots are onsite. The venue is part of the Beaumont Civic Center Complex. This complex includes the Civic Center, Julie Rogers Theater and the Jefferson Theatre. The Civic Center is the temporary home of the Beaumont Children's Museum. Previous History Home Court for Lamar Cardinals Basketball Team - 1980-1984 The Beaumont Civic Center was the home court for the Lamar Cardinals basketball men's team for four seasons from 1980-1984. The Cardinals record at the Civic Center was 40-2. Southland Conference Men's Basketball Tournament - 1981, 1983, 1984 The Southland Conference men's basketball tournament was held at\n\nQuestion: What is TV Roskosmos", "output": "TV Roskosmos is the television station of the Russian Federal Space Agency."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Stu Klitenic is an American sports radio and television personality. Sports Klitenic was a standout basketball player at Northwood High School in Silver Spring, Maryland. He was named \"All-Met\" in 1973 and in 2008 was named one of the top Montgomery County shooters of the 1970s. From 1973 through 1977, Klitenic played on the basketball team at the University of South Carolina under Hall of Fame coach Frank McGuire. In May 1977, he was selected as one of 12 Jewish basketball players from the United States to compete in the 1977 Maccabiah Games in Israel. That team went on to win the gold medal. In 1998, he was named to the Jewish Community Center of Greater Washington's Sports Hall of Fame. Broadcasting He worked at WBNS-TV in Columbus, Ohio and WJBK-TV in Detroit, during the mid-1980s. Until mid-1989, he was sports director at television station KTVI in St. Louis, Missouri.\n\nVesicoureteral reflux (VUR), also known as vesicoureteric reflux, is a condition in which urine flows retrograde, or backward, from the bladder into one or both ureters and then to the renal calyx or kidneys. Urine normally travels in one direction (forward, or anterograde) from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters, with a one-way valve at the vesicoureteral (ureteral-bladder) junction preventing backflow. The valve is formed by oblique tunneling of the distal ureter through the wall of the bladder, creating a short length of ureter (1\u20132 cm) that can be compressed as the bladder fills. Reflux occurs if the ureter enters the bladder without sufficient tunneling, i.e., too \"end-on\". Signs and symptoms Most children with vesicoureteral reflux are asymptomatic. Vesicoureteral reflux may be diagnosed as a result of further evaluation of dilation of the kidney or ureters draining urine from the kidney while in utero as well as when\n\nThe Bastarnae (Latin variants: Bastarni or Basternae; ), sometimes called the Peuci or Peucini (), were an ancient people who between 200 BC and 300 AD inhabited areas north of the Roman frontier on the Lower Danube. The Bastarnae lived in the region between the Carpathian Mountains and the river Dnieper, to the north and east of ancient Dacia. The Peucini were a subtribe who occupied the region north of the Danube Delta. Their name was sometimes used for the Bastarnae as a whole. The earliest Graeco-Roman historians to refer to the Bastarnae imply that they spoke Celtic languages. In contrast, later historical sources imply that they spoke Germanic languages, and could be considered Germanic peoples. Like other peoples who lived in the same geographical region, Graeco-Roman writers also referred to the Bastarnae as a \"Scythian\" people, but this was probably a reference to their general way of life, rather\n\nQuestion: What is Bastarnae?", "output": "The Bastarnae, sometimes called the Peuci or Peucini, were an ancient people who between 200 BC and 300 AD inhabited areas north of the Roman frontier on the Lower Danube."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Francisco Javier Clavet Gonz\u00e1lez de Castej\u00f3n (; born 24 October 1968), known as Pato Clavet (), is a former professional tennis player from Spain. He won eight singles titles, reached the semifinals of the 1992 Indian Wells Masters and the 1999 Miami Masters, and achieved a career-high ranking of world No. 18 in July 1992. He reached No. 16 at the Champions Race (now called ATP Race to London), after winning in Scottsdale in 2001. During his career, he defeated some contemporary, future and past number-one-ranked players, including John McEnroe, Mats Wilander, Andre Agassi, Lleyton Hewitt, and Roger Federer. In his only meeting with Federer, at the 2000 Cincinnati Masters, Clavet won and told Swiss newspaper Blick his defeat of Federer was one of his most important wins as he considers Federer \"the greatest tennis player of all time\". Clavet was coached by his brother, Jos\u00e9 Clavet, until 1999. From\n\nThe South Halmahera\u2013West New Guinea (SHWNG) languages are a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, found in the islands and along the shores of the Halmahera Sea in the Indonesian province of North Maluku and of Cenderawasih Bay in the provinces of Papua and West Papua. There are 38 languages. The unity of the South Halmahera\u2013West New Guinea subgroup is well supported by lexical and phonological evidence. Blust (1978) has proposed that they are most closely related to the Oceanic languages, but this classification is not universally accepted. Most of the languages are only known from short word lists, but Buli on Halmahera, and Biak and Waropen in Cenderawasih Bay, are fairly well attested. Classification Traditionally, the languages are classified into two geographic groups: South Halmahera languages (along the southeastern coast of Halmahera, plus one language in the east of the Bomberai Peninsula). West New Guinea languages (on the Raja Ampat\n\nDarkness, also known as World at War, is a series of six fantasy novels by Harry Turtledove. Though a fantasy, its general history, geography, and combatants are analogs of World War II, called the \"Derlavai War\" in this universe. Many of its characters are also the equivalents of historical people. Magic and other fantastic beasts, like dragons, are also stand-ins for World War II technology. Important battles in the series are also based on famous World War II battles. For example, the Battle of Sulingen is an analog to the Battle of Stalingrad. Novels Into the Darkness (1999) Darkness Descending (2000) Through the Darkness (2001) Rulers of the Darkness (2002) Jaws of Darkness (2003) Out of the Darkness (2004) World of Derlavai Most of the action in the series takes place on the main continent of Derlavai, located in the southern hemisphere of an unnamed planet. There are also some\n\nQuestion: What is South Halmahera\u2013West New Guinea languages", "output": "The South Halmahera\u2013West New Guinea languages are a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, found in the islands and along the shores of the Halmahera Sea in the Indonesian province of North Maluku and of Cenderawasih Bay in the provinces of Papua and West Papua."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "is a brand of vinyl doll created by the Japanese company Volks in 1997. It is a highly poseable hybrid of fashion doll and action figure. A Dollfie doll is about the size of a Barbie doll, 1/6 or playscale, though there are variants in different heights ranging from . Dollfie dolls generally come blank, with unpainted heads intended for the user to customize themselves. Dollfie dolls feature a larger range of motion and more points of articulation than a typical Western fashion doll, due to their target audience of adult collectors rather than children. Sometimes included with Dollfie dolls were customization tools such as pre-rooted hair and stick-on eye decals. Later, complete dolls were released. There are various body types, male and female, with several forms and skin tones for both as well as a line of child-sized dolls. The company also produces tools and materials to customize and\n\nMercury selenide (HgSe; sometimes mercury(II) selenide) is a chemical compound of mercury and selenium. It is a grey-black crystalline solid semi-metal with a sphalerite structure. The lattice constant is 0.608 nm. HgSe occurs naturally as the mineral Tiemannite, and is a component of the \"intimate mixture\" of HgSe and Se known as HgSe2. Along with other II-VI compounds, colloidal nanocrystals of HgSe can be formed. Applications Selenium is used in filters in some steel plants to remove mercury from exhaust gases. The solid product formed is HgSe. HgSe can be used as an ohmic contact to wide-gap II-VI semiconductors such as zinc selenide or zinc oxide. Toxicity HgSe is non-toxic as long as it is not ingested due to its insolubility. Toxic hydrogen selenide fumes can be evolved on exposure to acids. HgSe is a relatively stable compound which might mean that it is less toxic than elemental mercury or\n\nBirds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the common ostrich. There are about ten thousand living species, more than half of which are passerine, or \"perching\" birds. Birds have whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moa and elephant birds. Wings, which are modified forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the loss of flight in some birds, including ratites, penguins, and diverse endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly seabirds and some waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming.\n\nQuestion: What's Dollfie?", "output": "is a brand of vinyl doll created by the Japanese company Volks in 1997."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Maurizio Damilano (born 6 April 1957) is an Italian former race walker. He won 15 individual medals (22 also with team events), at senior level, at the International athletics competitions. Biography He was the 1980 Olympic Champion and the 1987 and 1991 World Champion in the 20 km race walk. He has 60 caps in national team from 1977 to 1992. Damilano is also the world record holder of the 30 km race walk with the time of 2:01:44.1, achieved in Cuneo in 1992. He is the twin brother of the former race walker Giorgio Damilano and of the coach Sandro Damilano. In 1999, Maurizio Damilano and Giorgio Damilano founded Fit Walking. Achievements National titles Maurizio Damilano has won the individual national championship 21 times. 6 wins in the 10,000 m walk (1979, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985) 1 win in the 15 km walk (1987) 10 wins in the\n\nCarl Gottfried Semper (July 6, 1832, Altona, Hamburg \u2013 May 29, 1893, W\u00fcrzburg) was a German ethnologist and animal ecologist. His brother Georg Semper took an interest in the lepidoptera while his brother Johannes Otto Semper (1830\u20131907) specialized in the molluscs. Career Semper attended the Hanover Polytechnic from 1851 to 1854 and achieved a Ph.D. in zoology from the University of W\u00fcrzburg in 1856. He traveled to the Philippines and Palau two years later, staying in the region until 1865 in association with Museum Godeffroy. Semper published several works detailing his observations and experiences among Pacific peoples. In addition to his written work, he delivered lectures at the Lowell Technological Institute (now merged into the University of Massachusetts Lowell) near Boston and maintained a large collection of animal specimens. His work in Palau is especially noted as comprising one of the very few reliable accounts of cultural practices that are\n\nThorhild is a hamlet in Alberta, Canada within Thorhild County. It is located at the intersection of Highway 18 and Highway 827, approximately north-by-east of the City of Edmonton. Thorhild was formerly a village until April 1, 2009, when it dissolved and became a hamlet within the County of Thorhild No. 7. It originally incorporated as a village on December 31, 1949. The Alberta and Great Waterways Railway paid $480 for the original townsite on July 16, 1914, and a Royal Mail Canada post office was immediately placed in the community. Demographics In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Thorhild had a population of 391 living in 173 of its 214 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 531. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Thorhild, Alberta is.", "output": "Thorhild is a hamlet in Alberta, Canada within Thorhild County."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Stockholm International Film Festival () is an annual film festival held in Stockholm, Sweden. It was launched in 1990 and has been held every year since then during the second half of November. The winning film in the international competition section is awarded the Bronze Horse (Bronsh\u00e4sten). At 7,3kg (16 lb) the Bronze Horse is the heaviest film award in the world. It is also a paraphrase on a national design icon, the Swedish Dala horse, and was created by artist Fredrik Sw\u00e4rd. Since its start the Stockholm International Film Festival has focused on supporting new talents through competitions and scholarships. As many as a third of the films selected for the competition are made by a debuting director and by directors who have made fewer than three films. In 2011 \"The Stockholm Film Festival Feature Film Award\" was inaugurated which funds a feature film for an unestablished female\n\nBrett Jungblut is an American professional poker player, born in Atlantic City, New Jersey and based in Las Vegas, Nevada. With only one class left to graduate college, Jungblut dropped out to pursue his dream as a professional poker player. Jungblut attended Voorhees High School, graduated in 1997. Jungblut began playing tournament poker in 2002. Since then he has over twenty in the money tournament finishes including first-place finishes at the Bicycle Casino's Winnin' o' the Green limit Texas hold 'em event and the World Series of Poker (WSOP) Omaha Hi-Lo World championship in 2004. Jungblut was a former member of \"The Crew\" alongside Scott Fischman, Dutch Boyd, Joe Bartholdi and others. Jungblut helped organize the first Los Angeles Youth Network All In For The Kids\" benefit poker tournament, raising funds for building new housing facilities and schools for homeless children. Since 2005, Jungblut has been teaching poker strategy via\n\nSefer ha-Chinuch (, \"Book of Education\") is a Jewish rabbinic text which systematically discusses the 613 commandments of the Torah. It was published anonymously in 13th-century Spain. History The work's enumeration of the commandments (; sing. mitzvah) is based upon Maimonides' system of counting as per his Sefer Hamitzvot; each is listed according to its appearance in the weekly Torah portion and the work is structured correspondingly. The book separately discusses each of the 613 commandments, both from a legal and a moral perspective. For each, the Chinuch's discussion starts by linking the mitzvah to its Biblical source, and then addresses the philosophical underpinnings of the commandment (here, termed the \"shoresh\", or \"root\"). Following this, the Chinuch presents a brief overview of the halakha (practical Jewish law) governing its observance - usually based on Maimonides' Mishneh Torah - and closes with a summary as to the commandment's applicability. Because of\n\nQuestion: What's Brett Jungblut?", "output": "Brett Jungblut is an American professional poker player, born in Atlantic City, New Jersey and based in Las Vegas, Nevada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "American Residential Services (ARS) is a United States network of plumbing, and home and commercial heating and air conditioning (HVAC) businesses, operating under the trade name ARS/Rescue Rooter. The trade name came from the acquisition and merging of ARS and Rescue Rooter by their then-parent company ServiceMaster. They have locations in 24 states. The company is based in Memphis, Tennessee. The ARS mascots are Dandy and his sidekick Pronto. History ARS was established in 1975. The name \"Rescue Rooter\" was trademarked in 1976 by the California-based Rescue Industries Inc. It was a family-owned West Coast plumbing and drain cleaning company. In 1996, ARS was founded to consolidate local and regional HVAC service companies. Shortly after, The Servicemaster Company, based in Downers Grove, Illinois, acquired both Rescue Rooter and ARS, in 1998 and 1999 respectively, and brought them together under the \"ARS/Service Express\" brand. The company eventually dropped the \"Service Express\n\nRetrospectacle \u2013 The Supertramp Anthology is the first comprehensive compilation album by the English rock band Supertramp, released in October 2005. Overview As Supertramp's first career retrospective, Retrospectacle contains a compilation of the most popular songs, live tracks and favourite album tracks from all of their albums from Supertramp to Slow Motion, including the live albums Paris and It Was the Best of Times. It was released as either a single disc or a double album. Also, Retrospectacle marks the first appearance on an album of the single \"Land Ho\" and its B-side \"Summer Romance\". The version of \"Land Ho\" used on the compilation is the 1975 remix which the band intended to use on Crisis? What Crisis? but left off at the last minute, while \"Summer Romance\" is the original mix from the single. \"Land Ho\" was later rerecorded by Roger Hodgson for his 1987 solo album Hai Hai\n\nWing Commander IV: The Price of Freedom is the fourth main game in the Wing Commander science fiction space combat simulator video game series, produced by Origin Systems and released by Electronic Arts for the PC in 1996 and the Sony PlayStation in 1997 (the game was also released on the North American PlayStation Network Store in 2009). The first game set after the end of the Terran-Kilrathi War, Wing Commander IV depicts a galaxy in the midst of a chaotic transition, with human civilians, Kilrathi survivors and former soldiers on both sides attempting to restabilize their lives. A novelization, by William R. Forstchen and Ben Ohlander, was published on October 1, 1996. Gameplay Wing Commander IV is a simulator game in which players take on the role of Col. Christoper \"Maverick\" Blair, a veteran pilot of enormous repute, as he flies starfighters. Players are presented with a series of\n\nQuestion: What is American Residential Services?", "output": "American Residential Services is a United States network of plumbing, and home and commercial heating and air conditioning businesses, operating under the trade name ARS/Rescue Rooter."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "External counterpulsation therapy (ECP) is a procedure that may be performed on individuals with angina, heart failure, or cardiomyopathy. Medical uses The FDA approved the CardiAssistTM ECP system for the treatment of angina, acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock under a 510(k) submission in 1980 Since then, additional ECP devices have been cleared by the FDA for use in treating stable or unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, and congestive heart failure. Studies have found EECP to be beneficial for patients with erectile dysfunction and some COPD patients. Additionally, improvements in exercise endurance in the non-diseased patient has been found in research studies. Some reviews did not find sufficient evidence that it was useful for either angina or heart failure. Other reviews found tentative benefit in those with angina that does not improve with medications. For stroke due to lack of blood flow a 2012 Cochrane review found\n\nSusuga Malietoa Laupepa (1841 \u2013 22 August 1898) was the ruler (Malietoa) of Samoa in the late 19th century. Personal life Laupepa was born in 1841 in Sapapali'i, Savai'i, Samoa. His father was Malietoa M\u014dli and mother was Fa\u2019alaitaua Fuatino Su\u2019apa\u2019ia. He was raised in Malie, received a religious education at Malua Seminary and was well known as a devout Christian. He was the recognized leader of the S\u0101 M\u014dl\u012b which was based primarily in northern Tuamasaga. Laupepa cemented ties with Palauli (the only significant S\u0101 M\u014dl\u012b support base on Savai\u2018i) through his marriage to Sisavai\u2018i Malupo, a daughter of Niuva\u2018ai of Palauli, Savaii. The children of this marriage were two sons named Tanumafili and Siliva\u2018ai, and daughter Fa\u2018amuleuatoivao. When about 20, he became Malietoa Tanumafili I and had other marriages. One he had a daughter by the name of Saitaua who married Leota Laiafi of Solosolo. From his marriage\n\nMrzezino railway station is a railway station serving the village of Mrzezino, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station opened on 15 December 1898 and is located on the Reda\u2013Hel railway. The train services are operated by Przewozy Regionalne. History The station and the town used to be known as Sellen (Kr. Neustadt). On 26 September 1993, the last scheduled steam passenger train operated along the line. In 1998, the line was modernised. Stations have been equipped with a remotely controlled traffic centre from Gdynia, so that the presence of service stations along the route (in addition to the ticket offices) have become redundant. Train services The station is served by the following services: Regional services (R) W\u0142adys\u0142awowo - Reda - Gdynia G\u0142\u00f3wna Regional services (R) Hel - W\u0142adys\u0142awowo - Reda - Gdynia G\u0142\u00f3wna During the summer months long-distance services also operate to/from Hel. References This article is based upon\n\nQuestion: Who is Malietoa Laupepa", "output": "Susuga Malietoa Laupepa was the ruler of Samoa in the late 19th century."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Vympel NPO is a Russian research and production company based near Moscow, mostly known for their air-to-air missiles. Other projects include SAM and ABM defenses. It was started in the Soviet era as an OKB (experimental design bureau). History Vympel started out after World War II as OKB-134, with leading the team. The first product they designed was the K-7 missile. Their first missile built in serial production was the K-13 (R-13) in 1958. Toropov moved to Tushino Aviation Facility in 1961 and was replaced by . Somewhere between 1966 and 1968 the OKB got renamed to Vympel. In 1977 Matus Bisnovat of OKB-4 Molniya died, and all missile related work was passed to Vympel. G. Khokhlov led the team until 1981, when Genadiy A. Sokolovski succeeded him. In 1992 the GosMKB Vympel got started on the basis of the OKB and in 1994 Sokolovski became the director of development\n\nA counter turn is a kind of one-foot turn in figure skating. Unlike three turns and brackets, where the entry and exit edges follow the same curve, in a counter the entry and exit are on opposite curves. When executing a counter, the skater turns outward to the curve of the entry edge, and exits on a curve in the same sense as the turn. Another way to look at it is that a counter is similar to the entry of a bracket turn combined with the exit of a three turn. (The opposite combination is called a rocker turn.) While counters are sometimes used to perform a simple change of direction, they more commonly appear in step sequences and in compulsory dances in ice dancing. For example, in the Westminster Waltz, the lady performs a rocker while the man performs a counter turn. Counters also appear on the USFSA's\n\nLegio III Diocletiana was a comitatensis Roman legion, levied in 296 by Diocletian, from whom the legion took its name. The aim of this unit was to guard the newly re-organized province of Aegyptus, being based in Alexandria. It was created to support II Traiana Fortis, and thus it took the numeral III. The Papyri Beatty Panopolis contains records of some vexillationes of the III Diocletiana stationed in the south of Egypt, at Thebes and Syene (modern Aswan). These provide information about provisioning, pay (which was often in arrears), and unit sizes. Theodosius I sent soldiers from the north to III Diocletiana in Egypt, and Egyptian soldiers in Macedonia, forming the III Diocletiana Thebaeorum, under the command of the Magister Militum per Thracias (Notitia Dignitatum Orientis, VIII). The shield pattern of III Diocletiana Thebaeorum was a red rose on white field. See also List of Roman legions References External links\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Vympel NPO is.", "output": "Vympel NPO is a Russian research and production company based near Moscow, mostly known for their air-to-air missiles."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Australian Wine Research Institute (AWRI) is a research institute with a focus on Australian wine, based in Adelaide, South Australia. Location It is based at the Wine Innovation Cluster, situated in the Waite Research Precinct, in the Adelaide suburb of Urrbrae, South Australia. History The institute was established in 1955 at the Waite campus of the University of Adelaide. It is funded by grape growers and wineries. Its first scientific chief was John Fornachon. An early researcher was Bryce Rankine, who later taught at the Roseworthy College, an oenology institution. The primary aim of the institute in the 1950s was to create good Australian table wines as opposed to traditional fortified wines. Research done by the institute has looked at \"oxidation, hazes and deposits caused by trace amounts of iron and copper, and the need for better yeast strains, more effective use of sulphur dioxide, and pH control\" as\n\nCaiap\u00f4nia is a municipality in south-central Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. It has the third largest cattle herd in the state and is a major producer of grains. The town is also known as Torres Do Rio Bonito or just Rio Bonito. History Caiap\u00f4nia derives its name from the Caiap\u00f3 Indians who had fought wars with settlers until the end of the nineteenth century. The first church, Esp\u00edrito Santo, was built in 1845 and by 1850 the settlement had several houses and was known as Torres do Rio Bonito. In 1855 its status as povoado passed to distrito and it became part of the municipality of Rio Verde. In 1871 Torres do Rio Bonito was raised to municipal status, the name being shortened to Rio Bonito in 1911. Finally in 1943 the name was changed to Caiap\u00f4nia, to honor the Indians who had lived in the area. Geography Caiap\u00f4nia is located southwest\n\nCindy Bear is a cartoon character created by Hanna-Barbera Productions. She is one of the primary supporting characters of the Yogi Bear franchise as well as a regular in the stable of frequently appearing Hanna-Barbera animated personalities. Cindy was originally portrayed by voice actress Julie Bennett, who reprised the part for most of her appearances from the 1960s through the 1980s. Personality Cindy Bear is the love interest of Yogi Bear and a resident of Jellystone Park. She speaks with a pronounced Southern accent, and she carries a parasol. Cindy rarely engages in the same antics as Yogi and Boo-Boo and does not share the same antagonistic relationship with Ranger Smith. Her romance with Yogi Bear is typically portrayed as on-again/off-again, with her pursuing him while he avoids and evades her advances. Just as often, however, Yogi is shown to return her affections. Development Cindy Bear was originally designed by\n\nQuestion: What's Australian Wine Research Institute?", "output": "The Australian Wine Research Institute is a research institute with a focus on Australian wine, based in Adelaide, South Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Clemente Anselmo Agustino Cattini (born 20 August 1937) is an English rock and roll drummer of the late 1950s and 60s, who was a member of The Tornados before becoming well known for his work as a session musician. He is one of the most prolific drummers in UK recording history, appearing on hundreds of recordings by artists as diverse as Cliff Richard and Lou Reed, and has featured on 42 different UK number one singles. Biography Born to Italian parents living in Stoke Newington, North London, Cattini worked in his father's restaurant before deciding to pursue a career in music. He began as a drummer at The 2i's Coffee Bar, backing performers such as Terry Dene, before joining the touring band known as the Beat Boys, backing singers managed by Larry Parnes, including Marty Wilde and Billy Fury. He then joined Johnny Kidd & the Pirates, playing on their\n\nThe Anglican Diocese of Perth is one of the 23 dioceses of the Anglican Church of Australia. The constitution of the Diocese of Perth was passed and adopted in 1872 at the first synod held in Western Australia. In 1914, the Province of Western Australia was created and the diocesan bishop of Perth became ex officio metropolitan bishop of the new province and therefore also an archbishop. The diocese incorporates the southern part of the state of Western Australia and includes the Christmas and Cocos Islands. The other dioceses in the Anglican Province of Western Australia are the Diocese of Bunbury and the Diocese of North West Australia. The cathedral church of the diocese is St George's Cathedral, Perth. History The diocese is one of the 23 dioceses of the Anglican Church of Australia. The constitution of the diocese adopted in 1872 at the first synod held in Western Australia.\n\nArchibald John Burgess Fowler (1 April 1891 \u2013 7 May 1977) was an English first-class cricketer. Archie Fowler represented Middlesex County Cricket Club in 26 first-class matches between 1921 and 1930 and received his County Cap. He never quite established himself, but did well in 1924, when he took 5/29 versus a strong Lancashire team. He scored 133 runs at an average of 7.00, with a highest score of 21. He took 14 catches and 41 wickets at an average of 26.75, with a personal best of 5/29. He succeeded George Fenner as the MCC Coach during the mid-1930s and is remembered as an outstanding coach. He constantly umpired at Lord's and finally acted as 1st XI Scorer, following the retirement of Patsy Hendren in 1960, before being succeeded by Jim Alldis. His connection with Lord's lasted for over fifty years. References 1891 births 1977 deaths English cricket coaches Cricket\n\nQuestion: What's Anglican Diocese of Perth?", "output": "The Anglican Diocese of Perth is one of the 23 dioceses of the Anglican Church of Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Gulfstream Park Sprint Stakes is a Listed American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds and older at a distance of six furlongs on the dirt run annually in early mid-February at Gulfstream Park in Hallandale Beach, Florida. The event currently offers a purse of $150,000. History Inaugurated as the Gulfstream Park Sprint Championship, from 2003\u20132009 the race was run as the Richter Scale Sprint Handicap in honor of Richter Scale, who won the race in 2000. It reverted to the original name in 2010 for several years before it was renamed in 2020 as the World of Trouble Sprint Stakes. World of Trouble was a Grade I winner in 2019 on both turf and dirt. The race has been run at a variety of distances: 6 furlongs \u2013 1987, 1990, 2019 to present furlongs \u2013 2015\u20132018 7 furlongs \u2013 1972\u20131986, 1988\u20131989, 1991\u20132014 There was no race run in 1973, 1975,\n\nLynne Slater (also Hobbs) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Elaine Lordan. The character appears between 18 September 2000 and 2 July 2004. Lynne is a fierce judge of right and wrong, although she is not always able to practise what she preaches. She has a turbulent relationship with husband Garry Hobbs (Ricky Groves), but despite her complaints about him, it ends up being Lynne's adultery that puts their relationship in jeopardy long before Garry strays. Storylines Lynne is the eldest of the Slater sisters and she arrives in Albert Square in 2000 with her family: father Charlie (Derek Martin), sisters Kat (Jessie Wallace), Little Mo (Kacey Ainsworth) and Zoe (Michelle Ryan), and grandmother Big Mo (Laila Morse). Unlike Little Mo and Zoe, Lynne is aware that Zoe is in fact Kat's daughter and helps keep the family secret for seventeen years until Kat\n\nBuzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins (originally advertised as Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Movie and also known as Buzz Lightyear of Star Command) is a 2000 American animated science fiction comedy film directed by Tad Stones, who is also the producer with Mark McCorkle and Bob Schooley. It serves as a spin-off of the Toy Story franchise and released on direct-to-video in the United States on August 8, 2000. The film later led to a television series, Buzz Lightyear of Star Command, which aired on UPN and ABC from October 2000 to January 2001, and a CGI-animated feature film, Lightyear, which was theatrically released in the United States in June 2022, serving as an origin story for the character, voiced by Chris Evans. The film was nominated for two Video Premiere Awards: Best Animated Video Premiere and Best Animated Character Performance for Tim Allen. Plot A\n\nQuestion: What's Gulfstream Park Sprint Stakes?", "output": "The Gulfstream Park Sprint Stakes is a Listed American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds and older at a distance of six furlongs on the dirt run annually in early mid-February at Gulfstream Park in Hallandale Beach, Florida."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Christopher Barton \"Chris\" Donnels (born April 21, 1966) is an American former Major League Baseball third baseman. He is an alumnus of Loyola Marymount University where he was a standout for the Lions' baseball team. New York Mets Donnels was drafted out of college in the first round (24th overall pick) of the Major League Baseball Draft. He spent the next few years ascending through the Mets minor league affiliates. On May 7, , Donnels made his Major League Baseball debut for the Mets, recording an RBI of Tim Belcher in his debut. Over the course of his rookie year, he played in 37 games, compiling a .225 batting average. Donnels spent only limited time with the Mets in the season. He appeared in 45 games, but struggled considerably, putting together a .174 batting average. At the conclusion of the 1992 season, the Mets failed to protect Donnels, and he\n\nHarold Clifton Lanier (born July 4, 1942) is an American former infielder, coach and manager in Major League Baseball. Known as a brainy, defense-first player, he won National League Manager of the Year as a rookie manager for leading the Astros to the National League West division championship in 1986. From November 2014 through the end of his 2018 contract, Lanier served as the first manager of the Ottawa Champions of the independent Can-Am League. From through , Lanier played for the San Francisco Giants (1964\u201371) and New York Yankees (1972\u201373). He is the son of Max Lanier, a former MLB All-Star pitcher. Playing career In his rookie season Lanier posted a career-high .274 batting average for the San Francisco Giants and was selected for the 1964 Topps All-Star Rookie team. Lanier once scored from first base on a bunt. Lanier ran into trouble with Willie Mays in 1965. Due\n\nProtobothrops sieversorum, commonly known as the three horned-scaled pitviper or the three-horn-scaled pit-viper, is a species of venomous snake, a pit viper in the family Viperidae. The species is endemic to Vietnam. Taxonomy Protobothrops sieversorum was originally placed in the monotypic genus Triceratolepidophis. Guo et al. (2007) synonymised this genus with the genus Protobothrops, based on evidence that it is phylogenetically nested within the existing species of that genus. Etymology The specific name, sieversorum (masculine, genitive, plural), is in honor of the Sievers family, father Dr. J.-H. Sievers and sons Julian Sievers and Moritz Sievers, for their support of nature conservation and zoological research. Geographic range P. sieversorum is indigenous to Quang Binh Province, Vietnam. Habitat The preferred natural habitat of P. sieversorum is forest, at altitudes of . Reproduction P. sieversorum is oviparous. References Further reading Gumprecht A, Tillack F, Orlov NL, Captain A, Ryabov S (2004). Asian Pitvipers.\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Chris Donnels.", "output": "Christopher Barton \"Chris\" Donnels is an American former Major League Baseball third baseman."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play is an honor presented at the Tony Awards, a ceremony established in 1947 as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, to actresses for quality supporting roles in a Broadway play. The awards are named after Antoinette Perry, an American actress who died in 1946. Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the Tony Award Productions, a joint venture of The Broadway League and the American Theatre Wing, to \"honor the best performances and stage productions of the previous year.\" Originally called the \"Tony Award for Actress, Supporting or Featured (Dramatic),\" Patricia Neal first won the award at the inception of the ceremony for her portrayal of Regina Hubbard in Lillian Hellman's Another Part of the Forest. Before 1956, nominees' names were not made public: the change was made by the awards committee to \"have\n\nMatt Goff (born Matthew Gough in Leixlip, County Kildare, 5 July 1901, died 19 March 1956) was a Gaelic footballer on the Kildare, Leinster and Irish Tailteann Games teams and one of a group of players who helped establish Gaelic Athletic Association as a sport in Ireland. He played in six All Ireland finals between 1926 and 1935, won an unprecedented six Leinster titles in succession, and won two All Ireland medals with the Kildare team that was the first to be presented with the Sam Maguire Cup. He played with Leixlip GAA in the junior championship teams of 1921 and 1922 and the 1923 league, and came to notice on Tom Farrell\u2019s 1924 Leixlip team that reached the 1924 Kildare junior final. He made his senior debut for Kildare against Louth in the 1926 championship and held his place in four All Ias Kildare went to final only to\n\nBrackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and fresh water together, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers. The word comes from the Middle Dutch root brak. Certain human activities can produce brackish water, in particular civil engineering projects such as dikes and the flooding of coastal marshland to produce brackish water pools for freshwater prawn farming. Brackish water is also the primary waste product of the salinity gradient power process. Because brackish water is hostile to the growth of most terrestrial plant species, without appropriate management it is damaging to the environment (see article on shrimp farms). Technically, brackish water contains between 0.5 and 30 grams of salt per litre\u2014more often expressed as 0.5 to 30 parts per thousand\n\nQuestion: What's Brackish water?", "output": "Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Valley Gardens are of woodland garden, part of the Crown Estate located near Englefield Green in the English county of Surrey, on the eastern edge of Windsor Great Park. The Valley Gardens and the nearby Savill Gardens are Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. Plants They contain unrivalled collections of azaleas, camellias, magnolias and many other spring-flowering shrubs and trees. There are several acres of daffodils. A heather garden of gives pleasure even in winter. History The gardens were planted from 1946 onwards by King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. It was J.B. Stevenson of Tower Court who urged the selection of the Kurume azaleas for the Punch Bowl and it was his famous collection of rhododendrons which was added to the Gardens in the 1940s after his death. The work was undertaken at a time of great austerity. Contemporary publicity noted that the\n\nMossynoeci (Georgian: \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, , , modern Greek , \"dwellers in wooden towers\") is a name that the Greeks of the Euxine Sea (Black Sea) applied to the peoples of Pontus, the northern Anatolian coast west of Trebizond. The Mossynoeci were believed to be of proto-Georgian origin. Herodotus Writing soon after 430 BCE, Herodotus in Book 3 cites the Mossynoeci, along with the Moschoi, Tibareni, the Macrones and Marres as comprising the 19th satrapy established by Darius of Persia. The satrapy as a whole was to yield three hundred talents. The Mossynoeci are also mentioned in Book 7 of the Histories. Xenophon In his Anabasis Xenophon describes the Mossynoeci at some length (5.4). According to his account, the Greeks spent eight days (5.5.1) in their territory, probably in the summer of 400, on their way west along the Black Sea coast from Trapezus. The author reports that those who returned home\n\nWXCW (channel 46) is a television station licensed to Naples, Florida, United States, serving Southwest Florida as an affiliate of The CW. It is locally owned by Sun Broadcasting alongside two low-power stations: Univision/UniM\u00e1s affiliate WUVF-LD (channel 2) and WANA-LD (channel 18), both also licensed to Naples. Sun Broadcasting maintains a shared services agreement (SSA) with Fort Myers Broadcasting Company, owner of Fort Myers\u2013licensed CBS affiliate WINK-TV (channel 11), for the provision of certain services. The stations share studios on Palm Beach Boulevard (SR 80) in northeast Fort Myers, while WXCW's transmitter is located north of Fort Myers Shores, near the Charlotte\u2013Lee county line. History The station first signed on the air on October 22, 1990, as WNPL-TV, which was founded and run by Chief Executive Officer William Darling of Southwest Florida Telecommunications. Originally operating as an independent station, it filled a void in the market after WFTX-TV (channel 36)\n\nQuestion: Define WXCW.", "output": "WXCW is a television station licensed to Naples, Florida, United States, serving Southwest Florida as an affiliate of The CW."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Beth Nielsen Chapman (born September 14, 1958) is an American singer and songwriter who has written hits for country and pop music performers. She was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2016. Nielsen Chapman is two-time Grammy Award and ACM Award nominee and won the Country Music Association Award for Song of the Year in 1999 for writing Faith Hill's \"This Kiss\". Early life Beth Nielsen Chapman was born on September 14, 1958, in Harlingen, Texas, the middle child of five in a Catholic family. Her father was a major in the United States Air force; her mother, a nurse mother. While Chapman was growing up, her family moved several times, settling in Alabama in 1969. While living in Germany at age 11, Chapman started playing the guitar after her mother hid a Framus guitar as a Father's Day gift in her room. She also learned to\n\nTelese Terme, called simply Telese until 1991, is a city, comune (municipality) and former episcopal seat in the Province of Benevento, in the Campania region of southern Italy. It is located in the valley of the Calore, well known for its sulfuric hot springs. Etymology Telesia is an old word for the gem Sapphire. History Telese was an ancient Samnite (Italic) city, known as T(h)elesia. The city was captured by Hannibal in 217 BCE; later, the victor Roman general Scipio Africanus founded a Roman colony there. In 460 was established a Diocese of Telese / Thelesina (Latin adjective). Having fallen into decay after the Gothic War it was conquered by the Longobards, becoming part of the Lombard Duchy of Benevento as seat of a gastaldry (district). The city was destroyed in the years 847 and 860, by the Saracens, and again in the 11th century, during the war between King\n\nKinghorn railway station is a railway station in the town of Kinghorn, Fife, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Fife Circle Line, north east of . History The station was opened on 20 September 1847 by the Edinburgh and Northern Railway when they opened the line from to . The 1856 Ordnance survey shows just a station here. By 1895 the station had expanded, there were two platforms either side of a double track connected by a footbridge, a goods yard to the north west able to accommodate most types of goods including live stock and was equipped with a \u00be ton crane. Two camping coaches were positioned here by the Scottish Region in 1964. The railway viaduct (solid other than four tall arches) splits the old town of Kinghorn in half. Services Monday to Saturdays daytimes there is a half-hourly service southbound to Edinburgh\n\nQuestion: What's Kinghorn railway station?", "output": "Kinghorn railway station is a railway station in the town of Kinghorn, Fife, Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nanjing Foreign Language School (NFLS, ) is a middle and high school located in Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. It was established in 1963 under the direction of Zhou Enlai, the first Premier of PRC, and is one of the oldest foreign language schools in China. Its mottos are \"Chinese Soul, Global Vision\" and \"Seek the truth, Scale the height, Be erudite, Be modest\". History Establishment and Early History Starting from the mid 1950s, the Chinese Government recognized its shortage of diplomats with strong language potency. To address this issue, a number of foreign language schools were established in major cities of China under the direction of Prime Minister Zhou Enlai, aiming to cultivate the diplomatic talents in demand. One of these schools was the then Jiangsu Labor and Farmer Instant High School, which was renamed Nanjing Foreign Language School upon its re-establishment in 1963. The instant\n\nGovernment House is the office and official residence of the Administrator of the Northern Territory in Darwin, Australia. Built between 1870 and 1871, with later renovations between 1878 and 1879, the building is set on 13,000 square metres of hillside gardens in the centre of the Darwin business district, on The Esplanade. History Government House is the oldest European building in the Northern Territory. Government House has been the home of successive Government Residents and Administrators since 1871. The house is an example of a mid-Victorian Gothic villa, here adapted for the local climate by the addition of numerous shaded verandahs and porches. It has endured cyclones, earthquakes, enemy bombing raids, infestations of white ants and rowdy public demonstrations to remain one of the most spectacular and attractive buildings in Darwin. On 17 December 1918, Government House became the focal point of political turmoil and union unrest against John Gilruth's\n\nAndrews Adjei-Yeboah was the member of parliament for Tano South constituency for the 5th parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana. Early life and education Adjei-Yeboah was born on 26 November 1955. He comes from Techimantia in the Ahafo Region of Ghana. He graduated from the University of Ghana with Bachelor of Science in Administration in 1982. Career Adjei-Yeboah was the chief executive officer of Farest Wood Products Company Limited before he became a Member of Parliament. Politics Adjei Yeboah was first elected as the Member of parliament for the Tano South constituency in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana for the 3rd parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana. In 2000, Adjei-Yeboah won the Ghanaian general elections as the member of parliament for the Tano South constituency of the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. He won on the ticket of the New Patriotic Party. His constituency was a part\n\nQuestion: What is Andrews Adjei-Yeboah?", "output": "Andrews Adjei-Yeboah  was the member of parliament for Tano South constituency for the 5th parliament of the 4th republic of Ghana."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Robert Vance Gentry (July 9, 1933 \u2013 January 28, 2020) was an American young Earth creationist and nuclear physicist, known for his claims that radiohalos provide evidence for a young age of the Earth. Thesis Gentry noted that the 218 polonium radio halos only formed at temperatures below 300 degrees and were visible for less than 3 minutes, thus requiring the Precambrian granites where they are to have formed by a quick process yet \"mysterious\" cold, highlighting the singularities of the continental crust in relation to the oceanic crust. When questioned in debates that defended the thermal paradigm in the formation of the earth's rocks, Gentry challenged them to then reproduce Precambrian granites containing the same, in miniature, since such a process should then be able to imitate the formation of granites containing halos. After unanswered decades, Australian geologist Andrew Snelling proposed \"a model in which hydrothermal fluids separated 222\n\nUSS Lee Fox (DE-65/ADP-45), a of the United States Navy, was named in honor of Ensign Lee Fox (1920\u20131941), who was killed in action during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, on 7 December 1941. Lee Fox was laid down on 1 March 1943 at the Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard, Inc., in Hingham, Massachusetts; launched on 29 May 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Lee Fox, mother of Ensign Fox; and commissioned on 30 August 1943. Service history Built with dispatch, Lee Fox helped to overcome the German submarine menace in the Atlantic. Her greatest enemy, however, turned out to be the buffeting storms of the North Atlantic. Returning from her Bermuda shakedown voyage on 17 October 1943, she was overtaken by a hurricane that almost capsized the vessel and caused a fire in the aft engine room. On 11 December off Cape Cod, during a storm, a projectile exploded on her forecastle, causing\n\nFort Amador () and Fort Grant were former United States Army bases built to protect the Pacific (southern) end of the Panama Canal at Panama Bay. Amador was the primary on-land site, lying below the Bridge of the Americas. Grant consisted of a series of islands lying just offshore, some connected to Amador via a causeway. Fort Sherman was the corresponding base on the Atlantic (northern) side. All of the forts were turned over to the Republic of Panama in 1999, and the area is now a major tourist attraction. History The offshore islands had always been considered excellent defensive grounds and were long visited by English pirates. Sir Francis Drake, Captain Cook, and Henry Morgan all used Taboga and Perico as refuges, after raiding Spanish galleons. It was here that then-Captain Ulysses S. Grant ended his cross-Panama march in 1852. During the construction of the Panama Canal, notably the\n\nQuestion: Who was USS Lee Fox?", "output": "USS Lee Fox, a  of the United States Navy, was named in honor of Ensign Lee Fox, who was killed in action during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, on 7 December 1941."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ko\u0159enov () is a municipality and village in Jablonec nad Nisou District in the Liberec Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,000 inhabitants. It lies in the Jizera Mountains. Administrative parts The villages of Jizerka, Polubn\u00fd, P\u0159\u00edchovice and Rejdice are administrative parts of Ko\u0159enov. Geography Ko\u0159enov is located about east of Jablonec nad Nisou, on the border with Poland. It lies in the Jizera Mountains and in the eponymous protected landscape area. The highest point is the mountain \u010cern\u00fd vrch at above sea level. The Jizera River forms here the entire Czech-Polish border and then shortly crosses the territory of Ko\u0159enov. History The first settlers came to the remote forested area in northern Bohemia in 1577 when Paul Sch\u00fcrer von Walthaimb established one of the oldest glassworks in the region at Rejdice. The glassworks operated until 1720. After the 1620 Battle of White Mountain, the lands were seized\n\nPazar (Laz and Georgian: \u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0, Atina; ) is a town in Rize Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey, 37 km east of the city of Rize. It is the seat of Pazar District. Its population is 17,946 (2021). The town contains many inhabitants of Laz and Georgian ancestries as well as other peoples. The town consists of the quarters Gazi, Kocak\u00f6pr\u00fc, Ocak, Beyazta\u015f, G\u00fczelyal\u0131, Zafer, \u0130kiztepe, Kirazl\u0131k, Cumhuriyet, Pazar, So\u011fuksu and Yukar\u0131 So\u011fuksu. Etymology The town was formerly named Atina (\u0391\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5) and was renamed Pazar, meaning 'market', in 1928. Geography Pazar is a strip of Black Sea coast with high mountains running parallel to the coast inland. This coast has a mild climate with warm summers (22 \u00b0C in August) and cool winters (7 \u00b0C in January, it rarely snows on the coast), but very wet and humid, apart from the early summer (April\u2013May\u2013June) it rains\n\nBonaparte Provincial Park is an 11,811 hectare provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is located within the Bonaparte Plateau. History The park was established April 30, 1996 under the Kamloops Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP) through the Environment and Land Use Act. First nations use of the land is not well known. More recently it had been used as a ranchland by settlers and for fly in tourism. Prior to the development of the park a moratoria had been placed on timber harvesting in the area in 1974. Geology The park has many small hills formed by lava flow. This has led to the over 50 small interconnected lakes located within the park. Geography The park is located 55 kilometers northwest of Kamloops. Motorized vehicle access is most easily obtained via Jamieson Creek Road. Park Boundaries The Southern boundary of the park is formed by the Hiakwah-Shelley Lake\n\nQuestion: What's Pazar, Rize?", "output": "Pazar is a town in Rize Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey, 37\u00a0km east of the city of Rize."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Fu Chong (; died 394) was an emperor of the Di-led Former Qin dynasty of China. He assumed the throne in 394 after the death of his father, Fu Deng (Emperor Gao). He later died in battle against the Western Qin, thus marking the collapse of the Former Qin. During Fu Deng's reign Fu Chong was first mentioned in history in 386, when his father assumed imperial title of Former Qin after the death of Fu Pi (Emperor Aiping). In 387, Fu Deng created Fu Pi's son Fu Yi (\u82fb\u61ff) crown prince and created Fu Chong the Prince of Dongping and made him one of the key officials. After Fu Yi died in 388, Fu Chong was created crown prince. His involvements in his father's campaigns against the rival Later Qin's emperor Yao Chang are not completely clear. In 394, after Yao Chang's death, Fu Deng launched a major attack\n\nC-Modem is a protocol driver developed by Lavio Pareschi (Rio de Janeiro) in 1989, that works similarly to and better than ZMODEM . It includes a whole new file transfer protocol, built around the idea of crash recovery, ease of use and optimal performance. C-Modem provides reliable file transmission even in poor conditions, as it adapts immediately to any errors that may occur (even in the so-called 'error free' modems). Major features of the C-Modem communications protocol include: Transmission Crash Recovery Being interrupted by any condition, the file transmitted is saved with the extension file .BAD until the last byte is received correctly. In the next connection/transmission, the file will be completed automatically. Mutable Data: crc blocks on data blocks of variable size Depending on velocity and errors during transmission, as well as line conditions, the size of data-blocks between crc-blocks will freely vary from 32 to 4096 bytes. This\n\nThe chalcogens (ore forming) ( ) are the chemical elements in group 16 of the periodic table. This group is also known as the oxygen family. Group 16 consists of the elements oxygen (O), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), and the radioactive elements polonium (Po) and livermorium (Lv). Often, oxygen is treated separately from the other chalcogens, sometimes even excluded from the scope of the term \"chalcogen\" altogether, due to its very different chemical behavior from sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. The word \"chalcogen\" is derived from a combination of the Greek word () principally meaning copper (the term was also used for bronze/brass, any metal in the poetic sense, ore or coin), and the Latinized Greek word , meaning born or produced. Sulfur has been known since antiquity, and oxygen was recognized as an element in the 18th century. Selenium, tellurium and polonium were discovered in the 19th\n\nQuestion: What is Chalcogen", "output": "The chalcogens are the chemical elements in group 16 of the periodic table."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nailsea and Backwell railway station, on the Bristol to Exeter line, is in the village of Backwell, close to the town of Nailsea in North Somerset, England. It is west of Bristol Temple Meads railway station, and from London Paddington. The station, opened in 1841 by the Bristol and Exeter Railway, has two platforms but little in the way of facilities. It is managed by Great Western Railway, the seventh company to be responsible for the station, and the third franchise since privatisation in 1997. The company provides all train services at the station, mainly hourly services between and , and between and . Description The station sits atop an embankment about high, and spans the main road between the towns of Backwell and Nailsea, which narrows to a signal-controlled single lane to go under the railway. The station is on the Bristol to Exeter line, from London Paddington and\n\nTruman Bodden Sports Complex is a multi-use complex in George Town, Cayman Islands. It is named after Truman Bodden, a former Caymanian politician. The complex is separated into an outdoor, 6-lane 25-metre swimming pool, full purpose track and field and basketball/netball courts. The field surrounded by the track is used for football matches as well as other field sports. The track-and-football stadium holds 3,000 people. In 2008, construction commenced on a 10-lane 50-metre pool and a facility that would hold 2,000 people. A multimedia centre was built into the pool facility as well as offices, conference rooms and a full gym. The Cayman Islands national football team plays its international matches at the track-and-football stadium in the complex. Truman Bodden is used for summer football camps for international teams that are scouting for local players. Truman Bodden Sports Complex hosted the inaugural Cayman Invitational Meeting on May 9, 2012. See\n\nVeronica persica is a flowering plant in the family Plantaginaceae. Common names include birdeye speedwell, common field-speedwell, Persian speedwell, large field speedwell, bird's-eye, or winter speedwell. It is native to Eurasia and is widespread as an introduced species in the British Isles (where it was first recorded in 1825), North America, eastern Asia, including Japan and China, and Australia and New Zealand. Description Veronica persica is an annual that reproduces from seed. Its cotyledons are triangular with truncated bases. The short-stalked leaves are broadly ovate with coarsely serrated margins, and measure long. The leaves are paired on the lower stem and are alternately arranged on the upper parts. The plant has weak stems that form a dense, prostrate groundcover. The tips of stems often grow upright. The flowers are roughly wide and are sky-blue with dark stripes and white centers. They are zygomorphic, having only one vertical plane of symmetry.\n\nQuestion: What is Nailsea and Backwell railway station?", "output": "Nailsea and Backwell railway station, on the Bristol to Exeter line, is in the village of Backwell, close to the town of Nailsea in North Somerset, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mettembert is a municipality in the district of Del\u00e9mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. History Mettembert is first mentioned in 1170 as Mettenbere. In 1208 it was mentioned as Mettenberg. The municipality was formerly known by its German name Mittemberg, however, that name is no longer used. Until 1 January 1984 it was officially known as Mettemberg. Geography Mettembert has an area of . Of this area, or 40.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 53.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 7.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and or 0.4% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.0% and transportation infrastructure made up 4.3%. Out of the forested land, 51.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.7% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 17.2% is used for\n\nThe aircraft diesel engine or aero diesel is a diesel-powered aircraft engine. They were used in airships and tried in aircraft in the late 1920s and 1930s, but were never widely adopted until recently. Their main advantages are their excellent specific fuel consumption, the reduced flammability and somewhat higher density of their fuel, but these have been outweighed by a combination of inherent disadvantages compared to gasoline-fueled or turboprop engines. The ever-rising cost of avgas and doubts about its future availability have spurred a resurgence in aircraft diesel engine production in the early 2010s. Using diesel engines in aircraft is additionally advantageous from the standpoint of environmental protection as well as the protection of human health, since the tetraethyllead antiknock ingredient of avgas has long been known to be highly toxic as well as polluting. Development Early diesel aircraft A number of manufacturers built diesel aero engines in the 1920s\n\nWVKS (92.5 FM) also known as 92.5 KISS-FM is an iHeartMedia-owned station serving Toledo, Ohio with a Top 40 (CHR) format; it is the most popular Toledo station in this format. WVKS' studios and offices are located at Superior and Lafayette in downtown Toledo. The station's transmitter is located on Neiderhouse Road in Perrysburg Township, Ohio. Inception and early usage 92.5 went on the air in the Toledo area as WMHE on October 14, 1957. The station was founded by William A. Hillebrand (1917\u20132005). Though FM broadcasting was still in its infancy at the time, Hillebrand saw FM radio, with its superior sound quality for musical recordings, as an investment that would prove viable in the long run. \"He foresaw something that he thought was going to be successful and he was right,\" his widow, Marvel Hillebrand, told The Toledo Blade after his death in 2005. The call letters stood\n\nQuestion: Define WVKS.", "output": "WVKS also known as 92.5 KISS-FM is an iHeartMedia-owned station serving Toledo, Ohio with a Top 40 format; it is the most popular Toledo station in this format."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "ADF/cofilin is a family of actin-binding proteins associated with the rapid depolymerization of actin microfilaments that give actin its characteristic dynamic instability. This dynamic instability is central to actin's role in muscle contraction, cell motility and transcription regulation. Three highly conserved and highly (70%-82%) identical genes belonging to this family have been described in humans and mice: CFL1, coding for cofilin 1 (non-muscle, or n-cofilin) CFL2, coding for cofilin 2 (found in muscle: m-cofilin) DSTN, coding for destrin, also known as ADF or actin depolymerizing factor Actin-binding proteins regulate assembly and disassembly of actin filaments. Cofilin, a member of the ADF/cofilin family is actually a protein with 70% sequence identity to destrin, making it part of the ADF/cofilin family of small ADP-binding proteins. The protein binds to actin monomers and filaments, G actin and F actin, respectively. Cofilin causes depolymerization at the minus end of filaments, thereby preventing their reassembly.\n\nErnest Cosmos Quigley (March 22, 1880 \u2013 December 10, 1960) was a Canadian-born American sports official who became notable both as a basketball referee and as an umpire in Major League Baseball. He also worked as an American football coach and official. Born in Canada and raised in Concordia, Kansas, Quigley attended college and law school at the University of Kansas. There he played college basketball under the game's inventor, James Naismith. He became the head football coach at Kansas Wesleyan University and then the athletic director at the University of Kansas. Quigley refereed college basketball for 40 years and umpired more than 3,000 Major League Baseball games. As a college football official, he worked in several bowl games and served on the Rules Committee of the NCAA for several years. Quigley died in Kansas in 1960. Early life Quigley was born in Newcastle, New Brunswick, and was raised in\n\nMplayer, referred to as Mplayer.com by 1998, was a free online PC gaming service and community that operated from late 1996 until early 2001. The service at its peak was host to a community of more than 20 million visitors each month and offered more than 100 games. Some of the more popular titles available were action games like Quake, Command & Conquer, and Rogue Spear, as well as classic card and board for more casual gamers. Servers and matchmaking was provided through a proprietary client. Initially, the service was subscription-based, but by early 1997, they became the first major multiplayer community to offer games to be played online through their network for free. This was done by relying on advertisement-based revenues. Mplayer was a unit of Mpath Interactive, a Silicon Valley-based startup. The demand for online gaming in the late 1990s resulted in huge growth for the service. They\n\nQuestion: Define MPlayer.com.", "output": "Mplayer, referred to as Mplayer.com by 1998, was a free online PC gaming service and community that operated from late 1996 until early 2001."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "is a 2001 Japanese mecha anime series produced by AIC as the sequel to the 1987 OVA Hyper Combat Unit Dangaioh. It is directed by Toshiki Hirano and written by Sumio Uetake, while Hirano's wife, Narumi Kakinouchi, was the animation director for episodes 1 and 3. It aired in TV Asahi in Japan from 5 April 2001 to 5 July 2001. Plot Somewhere in Japan, a bright light suddenly blasted from the ground. The light in a blink destroyed everything within a hundred-mile radius. People argued that falling space debris caused it, but others felt that the unusual movement of terrestrial magnetism caused the light. The truth, however, remained hidden and blurred from people's memories. A little girl named Miya is the only one that knows what the light is. Ten years later, an army of giant robots suddenly appear and devastates the Earth. They call themselves \"EX Tartaro,\" whom\n\nAlbert Diamond Cohen, LLD (January 20, 1914 \u2013 November 21, 2011) was a Canadian entrepreneur, community builder, philanthropist, and Officer of the Order of Canada. He was Chairman, Co-President and Co-Chief Executive Officer of Gendis Inc., a Toronto Stock Exchange listed Canadian real estate and investment company headquartered in Winnipeg, Manitoba. At one time, Gendis held a 51% stake in Sony of Canada and owned the SAAN Stores retail chain. He was the author of several books: The Entrepreneurs: The Story of Gendis Inc...The Triangle of Success: The Gendis/Saan Story...The Story of SAAN...and...I.D.E.A. His latest and last book, published in the fall of 2010, was titled Reminiscences of an Entrepreneur - How Sony came to Canada and then to the World in 1955. His interest and talent for writing stemmed from his close personal friendship with the late British author Ian Fleming. Cohen was married to Irena Cohen (n\u00e9e Kankova)\n\nThe wonga pigeon or wonga wonga (Leucosarcia melanoleuca) is a pigeon that inhabits areas in eastern Australia with its range being from Central Queensland to Gippsland, eastern Victoria, Australia. Distribution and habitat Previously they could be found as far north as Cairns and as far south as the Dandenongs, but due to land clearance, shootings in the 1940s for crop protection, and fox predation, they are rarely seen in these areas, but their populations have improved. Description The wonga pigeon is a large, plump pigeon that has a short neck, broad wings, and a long tail. Its length varies from 38 to 40 centimetres (15.2 to 16 inches). It has pastel blue-grey back feathers. The head fades to a creamy-white colour. The underside is white with dotted dark grey spots such that a white V can be seen on its chest. Their eyes are a dark red-brown colour and they\n\nQuestion: Define Wonga pigeon.", "output": "The wonga pigeon or wonga wonga is a pigeon that inhabits areas in eastern Australia with its range being from Central Queensland to Gippsland, eastern Victoria, Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Castlemitchell GFC is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club in County Kildare, Ireland who reached senior status in the 1950s and again in the 1990s from a small catchment area, and is home club of 1998 All Ireland finalist Christy Byrne. It is also the home club Tadhg Fennin who still plays for the men's senior team, a 2000 Leinster Championship winner with Kildare also scoring a goal in the final that day against Dublin. History The area west of Athy has had organized football since the foundation of the GAA. RIC records from 1890 show that Foxhill club had 50 members with officers listed as Lewis Higgins, Laurence Cullen and Thomas Malone. Joe Bermingham and Jim Connor founded Castlemitchell club in 1939 and were nicknamed the \"sanpits\". They purchased their own field in 1999, located about 2.5 km (1.5 mi) northeast of Castlemitchell village. Gaelic football Castlemitchell played in\n\nUKNC () is a Soviet PDP-11-compatible educational micro computer, aimed at teaching school informatics courses. It is also known as Elektronika MS-0511. UKNC stands for Educational Computer by Scientific Centre. Hardware Processor: KM1801VM2 1801 series CPU @ 8 MHz, 16 bit data bus, 17 bit address bus Peripheral processor: KM1801VM2 @ 6.25 MHz CPU RAM: 64 KiB PPU RAM: 32 KiB ROM: 32 KiB video RAM: 96 KiB (3 planes 32 KiB each, each 3-bit pixel had a bit in each plane) Graphics: max 640\u00d7288 with 8 colors in one line (16 or 53 colors on whole screen), it is possible to set an individual palette, resolution (80, 160, 320, or 640 dots per line) and memory address for each of 288 screen lines; no text mode. Keyboard: 88 keys (MS-7007), JCUKEN layout built-in LAN controller built-in controller for common or special tape-recorder with computer control (to use for data\n\nCarlos Alberto Solari (born 17 January 1949), known as Indio Solari, is an Argentine musician and singer. Solari was the leader of Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota between 1976 and 2001, and together with \"Semilla\" Bucciarelli and Skay Beilinson have been the only constant members of the group. Career In the 1970s, Solari met his friend Guillermo Beilinson (Skay's elder brother) in a small fabric printing workshop in Valeria del Mar, called \"El Mercurio\". By then, Solari was already listed in his city as an enigmatic character by his harsh discourse and unconventional behavior. In 1976, Solari started a project with Beilinson brothers and various musicians, which would be the beginning of Patricio Rey y sus Redonditos de Ricota, and he remained as singer until the band eventually split in 2001. After the separation of Los Redondos, Solari started his first solo project in 2004: El Tesoro de\n\nQuestion: Define UKNC.", "output": "UKNC is a Soviet PDP-11-compatible educational micro computer, aimed at teaching school informatics courses."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ottoman miniature () or Turkish miniature was a Turkish art form in the Ottoman Empire, which can be linked to the Persian miniature tradition, as well as strong Chinese artistic influences. It was a part of the Ottoman book arts, together with illumination (), calligraphy (), marbling paper (), and bookbinding (). The words or were used to define the art of miniature painting in Ottoman Turkish. The studios the artists worked in were called Nakkashanes. Original procedure The miniatures were usually not signed, perhaps because of the rejection of individualism, but also because the works were not created entirely by one person; the head painter designed the composition of the scene, and his apprentices drew the contours (which were called ) with black or colored ink and then painted the miniature without making an illusion of third dimension. The head painter, and much more often the scribe of the\n\nThe Petwo (), also spelled Petro and alternatively known as , are a family of lwa (loa) spirits in the religion of Haitian Vodou. They are regarded as being volatile and \"hot\", in this contrasting with the Rada lwa, which are regarded as sweet-tempered and \"cool.\" Description The Petwo are also known as the Dompete. They are considered one of the ('nations') of lwa spirits in the religion. Various commentators have described the Petwo as a \"pantheon\" of deities. Along with the Rada, they are one of the two main groups of lwa worshipped by practitioners in Port-au-Prince. The Petwo spirits are considered to be volatile and hot-tempered, exhibiting bitter, aggressive, and forceful characteristics. In this they contrast with the Rada lwa, who are deemed sweet-natured and dependable. The Petwo lwa are kept separate from the Rada lwa, both spatially, by placing their altars in different parts of the (temple),\n\nActium or Aktion () was a town on a promontory in ancient Acarnania at the entrance of the Ambraciot Gulf, off which Octavian gained his celebrated victory, the Battle of Actium, over Antony and Cleopatra, on September 2, 31 BCE. History Actium belonged originally to the Corinthian colonists of Anactorium, who probably founded the sanctuary of Apollo Actius. This temple was of great antiquity. In the 3rd century BCE it fell to the Acarnanians, who subsequently held their religious summits there. There was also an ancient festival named Actia, celebrated here in honour of the god. Augustus after his victory enlarged the temple, and revived the ancient festival, which was henceforth celebrated once in five years (\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03c2, ludi quinquennales), with musical and gymnastic contests, and horse races. We learn from a Greek inscription found on the site of Actium, and which is probably prior to the time of Augustus, that\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Actium is.", "output": "Actium or Aktion was a town on a promontory in ancient Acarnania at the entrance of the Ambraciot Gulf, off which Octavian gained his celebrated victory, the Battle of Actium, over Antony and Cleopatra, on September 2, 31\u00a0BCE."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "George Naicker (1 June 1919 \u2013 8 April 1998) was a prominent South African anti-apartheid activist of Indian Tamil descent. He was one of six sons. His mother died while in prison on Robben Island. Early days with Indian National Congress Billy Nair, whose association with Naicker dated from 1950 when he was a branch member of the Seaview, Bellair, Hilary and Umhlatuzana area of the Natal Indian Congress, says that Naicker was a delegate to the Congress of the People and joined the South African Communist Party in 1955/56, i.e. in its illegal period. The party had been banned at the time by the South African government. Incarceration on Robben Island Prior to his arrest in July, 1963 he was employed as a legal clerk at the late G.S. Naidoo's office in Queen Street. While the constitution of the ANC made membership exclusive to Africans, Naicker from his daily\n\nA country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while the country of Wales is a component of a multi-part sovereign state, the United Kingdom. A country may be a historically sovereign area (such as Korea), a currently sovereign territory with a unified government (such as Senegal), or a non-sovereign geographic region associated with certain distinct political, ethnic, or cultural characteristics (such as the Basque Country). The definition and usage of the word \"country\" is flexible and has changed over time. The Economist wrote in 2010 that \"any attempt to find a clear definition of a country soon runs into a thicket of exceptions and anomalies.\" Most sovereign states, but not all countries, are members\n\nThe House of Abashidze () is a Georgian family and a former princely house. Appearing in the 15th century, they achieved prominence in the Kingdom of Imereti in western Georgia in the late 17th century and branched out in the eastern Georgian kingdoms of Kakheti and Kartli as well as the then-Ottoman-held southwestern region of Adjara. After the Russian annexation of Georgian polities, the family was confirmed as Knyaz Abashidze () by the Tsar\u2019s decree of 1825. History The Abashidze family possibly derived from the medieval Georgian noble house of Liparitid-Orbeliani, but the family legend holds that it descended from an Abyssinian officer named Abash who had allegedly accompanied Marwan ibn Muhammad\u2019s Arab army to Georgia in the 8th century; Abash is said to have remained in Georgia and ennobled when he saved the life of a Georgian crown prince from a wolf. The first recorded account about the Abashidze\n\nQuestion: What is Abashidze", "output": "The House of Abashidze is a Georgian family and a former princely house."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Professor Abdul Ghafoor Ravan Farh\u00e2di (born 23 August 1929 in Kabul, Afghanistan) is an Afghan academic and diplomat who served as Afghanistan's Ambassador to the United Nations from 1993 to 2006. Early life and education Farh\u00e2di is an ethnic Tajik from Kabul. He graduated from Lyc\u00e9e Esteqlal in 1948. Farh\u00e2di studied at the Institut d'\u00e9tudes politiques in Paris, France, achieving a MA degree in 1952. He then earned his Ph.D. at the Sorbonne, in Indo-Iranian Studies, in 1955. His paper was on \"le Persan parl\u00e9 en Afghanistan\", later translated to English and Russian. Farh\u00e2di speaks French, English and Persian fluently. Career as diplomat In 1955, Farhadi assumed a position as lecturer in the History of political thought at Kabul University. In 1958, he started his diplomatic career as First Secretary at the Afghan Embassy in Karachi, Pakistan. From 1961 to 1962, he was Director of United Nations Affairs at the\n\nRay \"Sugar Bear\" Hamilton (born January 20, 1951) is a former American football player from 1973 through 1981 for the New England Patriots. He also coached for the Patriots as an assistant defensive line coach in Super Bowl XX. Hamilton got his first shot as a defensive line coach for the National Football League (NFL)'s Atlanta Falcons. Hamilton was an All Big 8 defensive tackle for the Oklahoma Sooners, being named to the first team in 1971 and 1972. Hamilton is best known for an incident in the 1976 NFL playoffs in a first-round game against the Oakland Raiders, when Oakland's Ken Stabler threw an incompletion after Hamilton tipped the ball as he threw. Stabler fell backwards after hit him, and the play would have resulted in a fourth down and 18 yards to go. Ben Dreith, the referee, gave the Raiders a first down on a penalty of roughing\n\nParatyphoid fever, also known simply as paratyphoid, is a bacterial infection caused by one of three types of Salmonella enterica. Symptoms usually begin 6\u201330 days after exposure and are the same as those of typhoid fever. Often, a gradual onset of a high fever occurs over several days. Weakness, loss of appetite, and headaches also commonly occur. Some people develop a skin rash with rose-colored spots. Without treatment, symptoms may last weeks or months. Other people may carry the bacteria without being affected; however, they are still able to spread the disease to others. Typhoid and paratyphoid are of similar severity. Paratyphoid and typhoid fever are types of enteric fever. Paratyphoid is caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica of the serotypes Paratyphi A, Paratyphi B, or Paratyphi C growing in the intestines and blood. They are usually spread by eating or drinking food or water contaminated with the feces of\n\nQuestion: Who is Ravan A. G. Farh\u00e2di", "output": "Professor Abdul Ghafoor Ravan Farh\u00e2di is an Afghan academic and diplomat who served as Afghanistan's Ambassador to the United Nations from 1993 to 2006."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Havillah is a small unincorporated community located in northeastern Okanogan County, Washington, eighteen miles south of the Canada\u2013US border. Current census searches do not indicate a population count, but estimates are three to four hundred in the immediate and surrounding areas. The area was homesteaded and settled in the early 1900s. Many of the families came from the midwest, and several direct descendants (notably the Schweikert/Kalmas, Duchows, Obergs, Bunches, and Vissers) still live there and farm the land. At 3500 feet, the climate is considered semi-arid and farming efforts are seasonal due to the cold and snow. Cattle and some sheep are raised, in addition to wheat, oats, barley, and alfalfa hay. Most crops must rely on snow fall and seasonal rains for dry land farming. Many residents who farm or raise livestock in Havillah supplement their income with jobs in the nearest towns of Tonasket or Oroville about twenty\n\nAzhar Hossain (born 15 March 1964) is a former Bangladeshi cricketer who played in seven One Day Internationals from 1988 to 1990. Though, in and out of the national squad, Azhar was still a very dominant figure in domestic cricket arena throughout the 80's. The highlight of his international career was his 54 against NZ at Sharjah in 1990. That is the first 50 scored by a Bangladeshi in ODI. Later on, in 1999, his nephew Mehrab Hossain became the first Bangladeshi to score a century in ODI (at Dhaka against Zimbabwe). An opening batsman, He also picked up 4 wickets in ODIs bowling gentle off-breaks. In ICC trophy Azhar represented Bangladesh in the 1990 ICC Trophy in Netherlands. He scored 83 runs with the bat in 7 innings, with a highest of 28 against the Netherlands. With the ball, he took 7 wickets for 285 runs, with his best\n\nThe community of San Antonio Valley, also called San Antonio or San Antone, is located along the Diablo Range in eastern Santa Clara County, California. The locale is bordered by Alameda County to the north and Stanislaus County to the east. The sparsely populated area is located at the junction of San Antonio Valley Road, Mines Road, and Del Puerto Canyon Road. The area includes the San Antonio Valley Ecological Reserve, a 3,282 acre nature preserve created by a Nature Conservancy purchase of land from local rancher, Keith Hurner, and known for its herd of tule elk. History and variant names The San Antonio Valley appears to have been a transitional area between the native Ohlone cultures from the San Francisco-Monterey region and the Yokuts of the San Joaquin River watershed. The Ohlone are speculated to have arrived in the Bay Area around 500 A.D. when they displaced Hokan speaking\n\nQuestion: Define Havillah, Washington.", "output": "Havillah  is a small unincorporated community located in northeastern Okanogan County, Washington, eighteen miles south of the Canada\u2013US border."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sir John Hubert Plunkett Murray (29 December 1861 \u2013 27 February 1940) was a judge and Lieutenant-Governor of Papua from 1908 until his death at Samarai. Early life Murray was born in Sydney, the son of Irish-born Terence Aubrey Murray (1810\u201373), and his second wife Agnes Ann, n\u00e9e Edwards; he was named after Terence Murray's friend John Hubert Plunkett. Murray was educated at a non-denominational school in Sydney, then attended a preparatory school in Melbourne in 1871. Between 1872 and 1877 Murray attended Sydney Grammar School where he won several sporting prizes and was school captain in 1877. He then moved to England in 1878 and attended Brighton College (which expelled him after he punched a master) and Oxford University, where he attended Magdalen College. A tall (6'3\" or 190 cm), powerfully built man, Murray played rugby for Harlequins and won the English amateur heavyweight boxing title. After university he\n\nBlair Rodman (born April 5, 1954, in Troy, New York) is an American professional poker player, based in Las Vegas, Nevada. Rodman has been playing poker professionally since 1985, when he quit his job dealing craps. He has had numerous finishes in the money at the World Series of Poker (WSOP) in hold'em, seven-card stud, and Omaha poker tournaments. In March 2005, he made his first World Poker Tour (WPT) final table, finishing 2nd to Arnold Spee in the 2005 World Poker Challenge. In May 2005, Rodman made the final table of the Professional Poker Tour event won by Ted Forrest. He also made the final tables at the 2nd and 3rd Ultimate Poker Challenge grand finals, finishing 2nd and 6th respectively. He made a second WPT final table in February 2006, again finishing 2nd, this time to Barry Greenstein in the Pro-Celebrity Invitational event. On July 1, 2007, Rodman\n\nJovita and Faustinus were said to be Christian martyrs under Hadrian. Their traditional date of death is 120. They are patron saints of Brescia. Traditional vita Tradition states that they were members of a noble family of Brescia in Lombardy (northern Italy). Jovinus, the older brother, was a preacher; Faustinus, a deacon. For their fearless preaching of the Gospel, they were arraigned before the Roman Emperor Hadrian, who at Brescia, Rome and Naples, subjected them to frightful torments, after which they were beheaded at Brescia in the year 120, according to the Bollandists, although historian Paul Allard (Histoire des Pers\u00e9cutions pendant les Deux Premiers Si\u00e8cles, Paris, 1885) places the date as early as 118. Faustinus of Brescia, a bishop of Brescia and an alleged descendant, compiled their Acts. Veneration The many \"Acts\" of these saints are chiefly of a legendary character. The Jesuit Fedele Savio questioned nearly every fact related\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Hubert Murray.", "output": "Sir John Hubert Plunkett Murray was a judge and Lieutenant-Governor of Papua from 1908 until his death at Samarai."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Windows Live OneCare Safety Scanner (formerly Windows Live Safety Center and codenamed Vegas) was an online scanning, PC cleanup, and diagnosis service to help remove of viruses, spyware/adware, and other malware. It was a free web service that was part of Windows Live. On November 18, 2008, Microsoft announced the discontinuation of Windows Live OneCare, offering users a new free anti-malware suite Microsoft Security Essentials, which had been available since the second half of 2009. However, Windows Live OneCare Safety Scanner, under the same branding as Windows Live OneCare, was not discontinued during that time. The service was officially discontinued on April 15, 2011 and replaced with Microsoft Safety Scanner. Overview Windows Live OneCare Safety Scanner offered a free online scanning and protection from threats. The Windows Live OneCare Safety Scanner must be downloaded and installed to your computer to scan your computer. The \"Full Service Scan\" looks for common\n\nWilhelm Friedrich Loeper (13 October 1883 \u2013 23 October 1935) was a German Nazi politician. He served as the Gauleiter in the Gau of Magdeburg-Anhalt and was the Reichsstatthalter of the Free States of Anhalt and Brunswick Military career First, Loeper became an Officer Candidate (Fahnenjunker) in Pioneer Battalion 2 in Spandau and then completed training at the Nei\u00dfe Military School. Already in 1904 he was made a leutnant, and after various other commands, eventually an oberleutnant in 1912. Then came his transfer to the Magdeburg Pioneer Battalion 4, where he took over command of a searchlight platoon. After the First World War broke out, Loeper was then deployed between 1914 and 1918 at the Western Front as a hauptmann and company chief of Pioneer Battalion 19. He was wounded several times. For the service in the World War I, he was decorated with both classes of the Iron Cross,\n\nAndy Paul is a Greek-Cypriot singer and songwriter. He represented Cyprus with the song \"Anna Maria Lena\" in the Eurovision Song Contest 1984 in Luxembourg. At the Cyprus Eurovision national finals, Paul came in first, winning the spot to represent Cyprus at the international event. Lia Vissi-Piliouri, Anna Vissi's sister, came in second at the event with the song \"Htes\". History Paul is a Greek Cypriot who immigrated to the UK in the early 1960s. He became a singer and songwriter influenced by artists such as Elvis. Cliff Richard, Tom Jones and Engelbert Humperdinck. Paul started his career in a pub sponsored by Bob Whitley, singing in a talent contest. Encouraged by his friends and family to enter, he won first prize with his impersonation of his childhood idol Elvis Presley. His performance was so good, the Whitley Taverns gave him a contract. Paul went on to sing in top\n\nQuestion: Define Andy Paul.", "output": "Andy Paul is a Greek-Cypriot singer and songwriter."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mindarie was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia. The district was named for the outer northern Perth suburb of Mindarie, which falls within its borders. History Mindarie was created at the 2003 redistribution out of parts of Wanneroo and Joondalup, accounting for significant population growth in the City of Wanneroo which had pulled the Wanneroo district northwards and eastwards in order to keep all seats at a roughly equal population. The seat was first contested in the 2005 election at which Labor member John Quigley, who had formerly represented the abolished inner-northern seat of Innaloo, was successful. Mindarie was abolished by the 2011 redistribution, replaced by the electorate of Butler at the 2013 state election. The change was necessitated by the move of the namesake suburb into the neighbouring electorate of Ocean Reef. Geography Mindarie stretched from the coastal boundary of the\n\nBillingsdal or Billingsdalen is a river valley in the municipality of Skj\u00e5k in Innlandet county, Norway. The valley is the inner part of the larger Ottadalen valley which is the valley through which the river Otta flows. It is considered a lateral valley that runs off of the main Gudbrandsdalen valley which dominates this part of Norway. For many centuries this valley was used as a transportation route. People would head west from the village of Lom and go up through the Billingsdalen valley, through the Strynefjellet mountains, and then down to Nordfjord and Sunnm\u00f8re on the west coast of Norway. The village of Grotli lies at a junction of two of these old roads. The Old Strynefjell road is now County road 258 (Fv258) and it heads southwest from Grotli over the Strynefjell mountains. Another old road heads northwest from Grotli and leads over other mountains to Geiranger. Today,\n\nJoel Tudor is a surfer, primarily known for longboarding, and competitive grappler from San Diego, California. Biography Professional Surf career Tudor became a professional surfer at 14 and won his first professional ASP competition at age 15, making him the youngest competitor to win an ASP event. He rode a longboard, and in 1998 he won his first ASP Longboard World Championship in the Canary Islands. He won the U.S. Open of Longboarding 8 times, and won the ASP Longboard World Championship for the second time in 2004. In 2021 Tudor won his third world title at 45 years old. Grappling Joel Tudor is also a Brazilian jiu-jitsu Black Belt under Carlson Gracie Black Belt and World Champion, Rodrigo Medeiros / BJJ Revolution Team. He is also an ADCC veteran. Other Projects In 2010, he founded the international Longboard Competition called the Duct Tape Invitational. Publications During 1999 - 2004\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Joel Tudor is.", "output": "Joel Tudor is a surfer, primarily known for longboarding, and competitive grappler from San Diego, California."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Second Battle of Adobe Walls was fought on June 27, 1874, between Comanche forces and a group of 28 Texan bison hunters defending the settlement of Adobe Walls, in what is now Hutchinson County, Texas. \"Adobe Walls was scarcely more than a lone island in the vast sea of the Great Plains, a solitary refuge uncharted and practically unknown.\" Background Adobe Walls settlement Adobe Walls was the name of a trading post in the Texas Panhandle, just north of the Canadian River. In 1845 an adobe fort was built there to house the post, but it was blown up by traders three years later after repeated Native attacks. In 1864 the ruins were the site of one of the largest battles ever to take place on the Great Plains. Colonel Christopher \"Kit\" Carson led 335 soldiers from New Mexico and 72 Ute and Jicarilla Apache Scouts against a force\n\nHauge or Hauge i Dalane (pronounced Haua in the local dialect) is the administrative center of Sokndal municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. It is located along the river Sokno, between the coastal villages of Rekefjord and Sogndalsstranda. Sokndal Church is located in the village. The village has a population (2019) of 2165 and a population density of . The origin of the name Hauge is from the Old Norse word Haugr meaning \"mound\". It is often referred to as Hauge i Dalane since there are many villages named Hauge in Norway, and this one is located in the Dalane district, so this means Hauge in Dalane. Trivia In an unceremonious SMS-vote competition dubbed \"the dialectical games\" (\"dialektiske leker\"), hosted by NRK-Rogaland between 20 June and 11 August in 2006, the dialect spoken in Hauge won a narrow victory over the Suldal-dialect as \"the most beautiful dialect in Rogaland\", receiving 2,816\n\nSherwood Park railway station is located on the Warrnambool line in Victoria, Australia. It serves the city of Warrnambool, and it opened on 19 February 2006. The station also serves the Warrnambool Campus of Deakin University. The station has limited usage due to its location and considerable distance from the centre of Warrnambool, lack of residential development within close proximity and limited pedestrian access, as it is situated just off the Princes Highway. Sherwood Park was first announced during the 2002 Victorian state election. The station is the least used railway station on the Warrnambool line, and one of the least used railway stations in Victoria. Recent patronage data indicates that the station served only 1,814 passengers in 2016-2017, or 5 a day. Platforms and services Sherwood Park has one platform. It is serviced by V/Line Warrnambool line services. Platform 1: V/Line services to Warrnambool and Southern Cross Transport links\n\nQuestion: Define Second Battle of Adobe Walls.", "output": "The Second Battle of Adobe Walls was fought on June 27, 1874, between Comanche forces and a group of 28 Texan bison hunters defending the settlement of Adobe Walls, in what is now Hutchinson County, Texas."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Parliamentary Information Technology Committee (PITCOM) was a United Kingdom Parliament Associate Parliamentary Group set up \"to address the public policy issues generated by IT and its application across the UK economy, public and private\". It was formed in January 1981 by a merger of the All-Party IT Committee and the Parliamentary Computer Forum. Its constitution and term of reference changed over time to fit the changing rules for registered All Party Groups (e.g. that all officers be members of the House of Commons or the House of Lords, that groups be reconstituted after a General Election etc.). On 18 July 2011 it merged with the All-Party Group on the Digital Economy to form \"The Parliamentary and ICT Forum\" (PICTFOR). Objectives The objectives stated in the first edition of the PITCOM Journal (published 1982 - 1999) were: 1 To promote among Members of Parliament and their advisers, and informed awareness\n\nFlush: A Biography, an imaginative biography of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's cocker spaniel, is a cross-genre blend of fiction and nonfiction by Virginia Woolf published in 1933. Written after the completion of her emotionally draining The Waves, the work returned Woolf to the imaginative consideration of English history that she had begun in Orlando: A Biography, and to which she would return in Between the Acts. Themes Commonly read as a modernist consideration of city life seen through the eyes of a dog, Flush serves as a harsh criticism of the supposedly unnatural ways of living in the city. The figure of Elizabeth Barrett Browning in the text is often read as an analogue for other female intellectuals, like Woolf herself, who suffered from illness, feigned or real, as a part of their status as female writers. Most insightful and experimental are Woolf's emotional and philosophical views verbalised in Flush's thoughts.\n\nLake Conjola is a small town situated on the South Coast of New South Wales, Australia. It is located in the region of Ulladulla, in the City of Shoalhaven. At the , Lake Conjola had a population of 437. Lake Conjola is a popular tourist destination for boaters and fisherman. Fish in the lake include bream, whiting, tailor, flathead, luderick and jewfish. Lake Conjola is located on the southern side of Green Island, a renowned surf break. There are four caravan parks with cabins, caravan areas, tent areas, and waterfronts. On New Year's Eve in 2019 the town was affected by fire during the 2019\u201320 Australian bushfire season. Eight-nine homes were lost in nearby Conjola Park. Population In the 2016 Census, there were 437 people in Lake Conjola. 81.6% of people were born in Australia and 90.8% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion\n\nQuestion: What is Parliamentary Information Technology Committee?", "output": "The Parliamentary Information Technology Committee was a United Kingdom Parliament Associate Parliamentary Group set up \"to address the public policy issues generated by IT and its application across the UK economy, public and private\"."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Simon Hanta\u00ef (7 December 1922, Biatorb\u00e1gy, Hungary \u2013 Paris, 12 September 2008; took French nationality in 1966) is a painter generally associated with abstract art. Biography After studying at the Budapest School of Fine Art, he traveled through Italy on foot and moved to France in 1948. Andr\u00e9 Breton wrote the preface to his first exhibition catalogue in Paris, but in 1955 Hanta\u00ef broke with the surrealist group over Breton's refusal to accept any similarity between the surrealist technique of automatic writing and Jackson Pollock's methods of action painting. A retrospective of his work was held at the Centre Pompidou in 1976, and in 1982 he represented France at the Venice Biennale. A representative collection of Hanta\u00ef's works is held at the Mus\u00e9e National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, and at the Mus\u00e9e d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris. A Simon Hanta\u00ef Retrospective opened at the Centre Pompidou\n\nVirgil Howe (23 September 1975 \u2013 11 September 2017) was a British musician best known for his work as a member of Little Barrie. He was the son of Steve Howe, guitarist and long-time member of Yes. Career Born in London, Virgil Howe was the second son of guitarist Steve Howe. He played on several of his father's projects: he performed on keys, alongside his half-brother Dylan Howe on drums, for the Steve Howe solo albums The Grand Scheme of Things (1993) and Spectrum (2005). He was in Steve Howe's Remedy band, who released an album Elements (2003), toured the UK and then released a live DVD. He wrote and performed on a piece on his father's 2011 release Time. He also plays drums on 11 tracks of Steve Howe's Anthology 2: Groups and Collaborations that were largely recorded in the 1980s. Under the name The Verge, Virgil Howe produced\n\nAnne Meson (born 12 May 1975) is a French show host and singer. Her mother Anne was a Russian artist and a dance teacher. Her father Jos\u00e9 was a Spanish acrobat y bailar\u00edn principal del molino rojo de Paris. In her childhood, Meson studied piano, dance but also horse riding. Her TV careers began in 1982 at 7, when she appears in several commercials. She also was a child model. Meson appeared for the first time on the silver screen in 1984, in Stress along with French actors Carole Laure and Guy Marchand. Later, she joined the casts of : L'amour ou presque (1985), La lettre perdue (1987) and Bernadette (1988). In addition to her cinema career, Meson also appeared on stage. She played in Moli\u00e8re's Le malade imaginaire, and starred in Philippe Chatel's famous musical Emilie Jolie. Two years later, Meson played as an accompanist to French rock-star Johnny\n\nQuestion: Who is Virgil Howe", "output": "Virgil Howe was a British musician best known for his work as a member of Little Barrie."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sophie Alexandra Jessica Barker (born 5 November 1971) is a British singer and songwriter from London, best known for her work with the British downtempo group Zero 7. Biography Barker left University College London after two years to become a full-time singer, signing to Sony Records in 1996 with fellow singer Kate Holmes under the name \"Sirenes\". They released three singles, \"Blind\", \"Deep End\", and \"Sun Don't Shine\", before splitting up at the end of 1997. Barker appeared on the final two tracks of English house band Groove Armada's 1999 sophomore album Vertigo. Barker contributed to three songs on the Zero 7 album Simple Things (2001), including their biggest hit, \"Destiny\", which she also sings alongside fellow vocalist Sia. Barker also co-wrote and sang on \"In the Waiting Line\" - which appeared on the popular Garden State soundtrack - and \"Spinning\". She also contributed to the follow-up 2004 Zero 7\n\nSosnovka () is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia. Modern localities Altai Krai As of 2012, six rural localities in Altai Krai bear this name: Sosnovka, Charyshsky District, Altai Krai, a selo in Mayaksky Selsoviet of Charyshsky District; Sosnovka, Krasnogorsky District, Altai Krai, a selo in Ust-Kazhinsky Selsoviet of Krasnogorsky District; Sosnovka, Pervomaysky District, Altai Krai, a selo in Bobrovsky Selsoviet of Pervomaysky District; Sosnovka, Sovetsky District, Altai Krai, a selo in Shulginsky Selsoviet of Sovetsky District; Sosnovka, Tyumentsevsky District, Altai Krai, a settlement in Berezovsky Selsoviet of Tyumentsevsky District; Sosnovka, Zarinsky District, Altai Krai, a selo in Sosnovsky Selsoviet of Zarinsky District; Amur Oblast As of 2012, one rural locality in Amur Oblast bears this name: Sosnovka, Amur Oblast, a selo in Sosnovsky Rural Settlement of Seryshevsky District Arkhangelsk Oblast As of 2012, three rural localities in Arkhangelsk Oblast bear this name: Sosnovka, Konoshsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast,\n\nWildwood Canyon is a canyon and California state park in the eastern foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains, within San Bernardino County, southern California. It is located near the city of Yucaipa, in the Inland Empire region. It is surrounded by the San Bernardino National Forest on the eastern and northern sides. History The indigenous Cahuilla were traditionally active in the area of Wildwood Canyon, as were the Serrano and Tongva. The area near Yucaipa was known as a crossroads for traveling indigenous people. Historic buildings remain in the park from the 1930s Hi Up House ranch and 1940s Hunt Ranch eras. After a flood threatened developers' housing subdivision plans, the California Department of Parks and Recreation acquired in the canyon. In May 2003 a park dedication ceremony was held at Wildwood Canyon. Wildwood Canyon State Park Wildwood Canyon State Park is currently open only for day use, from sunrise\n\nQuestion: Who is Sophie Barker", "output": "Sophie Alexandra Jessica Barker is a British singer and songwriter from London, best known for her work with the British downtempo group Zero 7."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Auxentius of Bithynia () was a hermit born circa AD 400 in Syria, and died February 14, 473, on Mount Scopas (also known as Mount Auxentius; currently known in Turkish as Kay\u0131\u015f Da\u011f\u0131). Life Born in Syria of Persian ancestry, Auxentius served in the Equestrian Guard of Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II, but left to become a solitary monk on Mount Oxia near Constantinople. His isolated hermitage was discovered by shepherds seeking their sheep, and people who were ill began to come to Auxentius for healing. In 451 he attended the Council of Chalcedon. Afterward he established a new hermitage atop Mount Scopas, in Bithynia, not far from Chalcedon where many resorted to him for advice. There he devoted the rest of his life to the practice of mortification and the instruction of his growing number of disciples. Auxentius died about the year 470. Roman Martyrology: \"On Mount Scopa in Bithynia,\n\nGlassonby is a small village and civil parish in the Eden Valley of Cumbria, England, about south south east of Kirkoswald. At the 2001 census the parish had a population of 314, decreasing marginally to 308 at the 2011 Census. There is a microlight flying centre in the village. The Anglican church of St Michael, just to the south of the village, is not the parish church of Glassonby but of Addingham . The village of Addingham lay near the River Eden but was lost centuries ago when the river changed its course. The church was rebuilt using some stones from the original and the name kept for the parish. Addingham parish was divided into a number of civil parishes in 1866. Just to the north of the village, at White House Farm, is a well-preserved late 16th-century bastle house. The ashes of Rev. George Bramwell Evens, who was a\n\nAgnes of Merania (1175 \u2013 July 1201) was Queen of France by marriage to King Philip II. She is called Marie by some of the French chroniclers. Biography Agnes Maria was the daughter of Berthold, Duke of Merania and Agnes of Rochlitz. In June 1196, Agnes married Philip II of France, who had repudiated his second wife Ingeborg of Denmark in 1193. Pope Innocent III espoused the cause of Ingeborg; but Philip did not submit until 1200, when, nine months after interdict had been added to excommunication, he consented to a separation from Agnes. Agnes died giving birth to their third child in July of the next year, at the castle of Poissy, and was buried in the Convent of St Corentin, near Nantes. Family Agnes and Philip had two children: Mary, b. 1198 Philip I, Count of Boulogne, b 1200 Both were legitimized by the Pope in 1201. References\n\nQuestion: What is Glassonby", "output": "Glassonby is a small village and civil parish in the Eden Valley of Cumbria, England, about  south south east of Kirkoswald."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Geum aleppicum, commonly called yellow avens or common avens is a flowering plant native to most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, from eastern Europe across Asia and North America. It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 1 m tall with pinnate leaves. The flowers are 2 cm diameter, yellow, with five to seven toothed petals. There are two subspecies: Geum aleppicum subsp. aleppicum. Europe and Asia. Geum aleppicum subsp. strictum. North America. Distribution and habitat It grows in forests and meadows, on grassy slopes, on river banks, in clearings and along roads. In Europe, it is found in the Carpathians of Romania and Slovakia, in eastern Poland and the Baltic countries, Belarus, Ukraine, the wider Caucasus region and then its area extends from European Russia east across the southern half of Siberia, south up to Tienshan and to the east reaching the Pacific coast, with disjunct distributions in southern\n\nAlexios V Doukas (; \u2013 December 1204), in Latinised spelling Alexius V Ducas, was Byzantine emperor from February to April 1204, just prior to the sack of Constantinople by the participants of the Fourth Crusade. His family name was Doukas, but he was also known by the nickname Mourtzouphlos or Murtzuphlus (), referring to either bushy, overhanging eyebrows or a sullen, gloomy character. He achieved power through a palace coup, killing his predecessors in the process. Though he made vigorous attempts to defend Constantinople from the crusader army, his military efforts proved ineffective. His actions won the support of the mass of the populace, but he alienated the elite of the city. Following the fall, sack, and occupation of the city, Alexios V was blinded by his father-in-law, the ex-emperor Alexios III, and later executed by the new Latin regime. He was the last Byzantine emperor to rule in Constantinople\n\nKa'b ibn Asad () was the chief of the Qurayza, a Jewish tribe that lived in Medina until 627. A tribesman, Al-Zabir ibn Bata, claimed that his face \"was like a Chinese mirror, in which the girls of the tribe could see themselves\", presumably meaning that Kaab had a youthful and innocent appearance. Battle of Buath In 617 the pagan tribes of Medina, the Khazraj and the Aws, were in conflict. The Aws asked the Qurayza and the Nadir for assistance. The Khazraj heard about it and demanded for the Jews to send 40 hostages as a pledge of their neutrality. Once they had the hostages in their power, the Khazraj then threatened to kill them unless the Jews handed their lands over to the Khazraj. Some of the Jews were willing to submit, but Ka'b insisted that they should not sacrifice their ancestral homes and so most of the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Ka'b ibn Asad is.", "output": "Ka'b ibn Asad was the chief of the Qurayza, a Jewish tribe that lived in Medina until 627."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Vilna is a village in central Alberta, Canada. Vilna is located in Smoky Lake County, on Highway 28, northeast of the city of Edmonton. Bonnie Lake Provincial Recreation Area is located north of the community, on the shores of Bonnie Lake. History Vilna was founded in 1907, mostly by central European settlers. By 1918, the settlers were calling the larger district Vilna, after the Lithuanian capital city of Vilnius (). The main community started to coalesce in 1919, when the railroad reached the area and the first grain elevator was built. The \"Villette\" post office, located two miles east, was relocated to the growing community in 1920, at which time the community was officially named Vilna. That same year, the first schoolhouse was built. Vilna was incorporated as a village on June 13, 1923. On February 5, 1967, Vilna experienced a meteor air burst with a yield estimated at 600\n\nRichard Larter (19 May 1929 \u2013 25 July 2014) was an Australian painter, often identified as one of Australia's few highly recognisable pop artists. Larter also frequently painted in a Pointillist style. He took advantage of unusual techniques with painting: using a syringe filled with paint to create his early works, and juxtaposing multiple images on to a canvas. Many of his works are brightly coloured and draw on popular culture for source materials, reproducing news photographs, film stills, and images from pornography. He was married to Pat Larter, an artist who was involved in the Mail art movement, then performance art and finally painting in a brightly coloured style similar to Richard's. The Larters emigrated to Australia in 1962. Richard Larter's pop art was less ironic than his American and English counterparts. In this Larter is similar to other noted Australian pop artists, such as, Mike Brown and Martin\n\nSaint Louis University School of Medicine is a private, Jesuit medical school. Part of Saint Louis University, the institution was established in 1836. The school has an enrollment of around 700, with about 550 faculty members and 550 residents in 48 graduate medical education programs including residencies, subspecialty residencies and fellowships. The institution centers its research in five specific areas: cancer, infectious disease, liver disease, aging/neurological disorders, and heart/lung disease. Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital and Saint Louis University Hospital are the two main affiliated teaching hospitals of the school. History Early years Saint Louis University School of Medicine was established in 1836 as the Saint Louis University Medical Department, but no active teaching occurred until 1841. The Know-Nothing movement, an anti-immigrant and subsequently anti Catholic movement that surged through the United States in the 1840s and 1850s eventually led to the separation of the university's Medical Department from the university\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Richard Larter.", "output": "Richard Larter was an Australian painter, often identified as one of Australia's few highly recognisable pop artists."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Barnsley Town Hall is the seat of local government in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England. It is a Grade II listed building. Building Design and construction The site selected for the new building in Church Street had previously been occupied by a row of domestic properties. The foundation stone for the building was laid by Councillor Robert Plummer, a former mayor, on 21 April 1932. The facility, which was designed by Sir Arnold Thornely in the classical style and built of Portland stone at a cost of was \u00a3148,697, was officially opened by the Prince of Wales on 14 December 1933. The design included a large Corinthian distyle with pilasters on the first and second floors of the building as well as a high three-stage reducing central tower. George Orwell, in his book The Road to Wigan Pier, was highly critical of this expenditure, and said that\n\nAmyntas III () was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia from 393/2 to 388/7 BC and again from 387/6 to 370 BC. He was a member of the Argead dynasty through his father Arrhidaeus, a son of Amyntas, one of the sons of Alexander I. His most famous son is Philip II, father of Alexander the Great. Family Polygamy was used by Macedonian kings both before and after Amyntas to secure marriage alliances and produce enough heirs to offset losses from intra-dynastic conflict. Consequently, Amyntas took two wives: Eurydice and Gygaea. He first married the former, daughter of the Lyncestian-Illyrian Sirras, by 390 BC and possibly in the aftermath of an Illyrian invasion. Through Eurydice, Amyntas had three sons, all of whom became kings of Macedonia one after the other, and a daughter: Alexander II, Perdiccas III, Philip II, and Eurynoe. The Roman historian Justin relates several, possibly\n\nThe Wreath cent was an American large cent. It was the second design type, following the Chain cent in 1793. It was produced only during that year. Obverse design The obverse design consisted of a stylized Liberty head with flowing hair. The inscription \"LIBERTY\" appeared above the portrait. Below it was a three-leaved sprig and the date. The design of the Liberty head was modified somewhat from that of the Chain cent to address public criticism. Reverse design The reverse's central design figure, for which the coin is named, was a wreath. The words \"ONE CENT\" appeared within the wreath, and the corresponding fraction \"1/100\" appeared beneath it. Along the outer edge was inscribed \"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA\". A decorative beaded border was added along the rim. Varieties Approximately 63,353 Wreath cents were struck. Early specimens featured a stylized \"vine/bars\" design on the edges of the planchet, which was identical\n\nQuestion: What's Amyntas III of Macedon?", "output": "Amyntas III was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia from 393/2 to 388/7 BC and again from 387/6 to 370 BC."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Figure skating was first contested in the Olympic Games at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Since 1924, the sport has been a part of the Winter Olympic Games. Men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating have been held most often. Ice dance joined as a medal sport in 1976 and a team event debuted at the 2014 Olympics. Special figures were contested at only one Olympics, in 1908. Synchronized skating has never appeared at the Olympics but aims to be included. History Figure skating was first contested as an Olympic sport at the 1908 Summer Olympics, in London, United Kingdom. As this traditional winter sport could be conducted indoors, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) approved its inclusion in the Summer Olympics program. It was featured a second time at the Antwerp Games, after which it was permanently transferred to the program of the Winter Olympic Games, first held in 1924 in\n\nRonald MacLean-Abaroa (born in La Paz, 11 March 1949) is a former Bolivian politician and leading international expert in decentralization, devolution of government powers to local citizens, and anti-corruption strategies. Biography MacLean-Abaroa was the first democratically elected mayor of La Paz, Bolivia, and was reelected four times between 1985 and 1991 to this office. Appointed the youngest minister at age 29, he has held five national cabinet positions including planning, foreign affairs, communications, finance, sustainable development and environment, under three different Bolivian presidents. He was Minister of Finance in 2000. In the late 1990s, he spent three years with the Harvard Institute for International Development as a senior research fellow on governance, leading research on institutional reform and governance, and working on issues of decentralization, devolution of government powers to local citizens and anti-corruption strategies. He also lectures at Harvard Kennedy School. In March 2002, MacLean-Abaroa won his party's first-ever\n\nStanislav Vydra (13 November 1741 in Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u2013 2 December 1804 in Prague) was a Bohemian Jesuit priest, writer, mathematician. Life Vydra entered the Jesuit novitiate of Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 in 1757. After two years in Brno, he studied philosophy and mathematics from 1762 to 1764 at Charles University. His teachers included Joseph Stepling and Jan Tes\u00e1nek. In 1765, he went as a teacher to Ji\u010d\u00edn and became Stepling's assistant a year later. He ministered as parish priest in Vil\u00e9mov from 1771 to 1772. In 1772, Vydra was appointed professor of mathematics in Charles University in Prague. Here he taught until 1773. From 1789 to 1799, he was appointed to the mathematics faculty and served as dean of the Faculty of Arts. He became the rector of the university in 1800. He went blind in 1803 and died one year later. He is buried in Prague at the Ol\u0161any Cemetery\n\nQuestion: What's Stanislav Vydra?", "output": "Stanislav Vydra was a Bohemian Jesuit priest, writer, mathematician."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Raymond Corley Fisher (July 12, 1939 \u2013 February 29, 2020) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Education and legal training Fisher attended University High School, earned his Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of California at Santa Barbara in 1961, and his Bachelor of Laws from Stanford Law School in 1966, where he was president of the Stanford Law Review. One of his professors at Stanford was Joseph Tyree Sneed III, who would later be one of Fisher's colleagues on the Ninth Circuit. He clerked for Judge J. Skelly Wright of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1966 to 1967. He then clerked for Justice William J. Brennan Jr. of the United States Supreme Court from 1967 to 1968. Professional career Fisher was in private practice from 1968 to 1997 in\n\nBill Holbrook (born 1958) is an American cartoonist and webcomic writer and artist, best known for his syndicated comic strip On the Fastrack. Born in Los Angeles, Holbrook grew up in Huntsville, Alabama, and began drawing at an early age. While majoring in illustration and visual design at Auburn University, Holbrook served as art director of the student newspaper, doing editorial cartoons and a weekly comic strip. At the same time, his work was being published in the Huntsville Times and the Monroe Journal. After graduation in 1980, he joined the Atlanta Constitution as an editorial staff artist. During a 1982 visit to relatives on the West Coast, Holbrook met Peanuts creator, Charles Schulz. Following his advice and encouragement, Holbrook created a strip in the fall of that year about a college graduate working in a rundown diner. It did not stir syndicate interest, but what he learned on the\n\nBroom Bridge (Irish: Droichead Broome), also called Broome Bridge, and sometimes Brougham Bridge, is a bridge along Broombridge Road which crosses the Royal Canal in Cabra, Dublin, Ireland. Broome Bridge is named after William Broome, one of the directors of the Royal Canal company who lived nearby. It is famous for being the location where Sir William Rowan Hamilton first wrote down the fundamental formula for quaternions on 16 October 1843, which is to this day commemorated by a stone plaque on the northwest corner of the underside of the bridge. After being spoiled by the action of vandals and some visitors, the plaque was moved to a different place, higher, under the railing of the bridge. The text on the plaque reads: Here as he walked by on the 16th of October 1843 Sir William Rowan Hamilton in a flash of genius discovered the fundamental formula for quaternion multiplication\n\nQuestion: Who is Bill Holbrook?", "output": "Bill Holbrook is an American cartoonist and webcomic writer and artist, best known for his syndicated comic strip On the Fastrack."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tabawan Island or Tabauawan () is the highest and largest of a group of heavily wooded islands lying in the southwest quadrant of Darvel Bay (Teluk Lahad Datu), Sabah. It has dual volcanic peaks, and is 275 metres at its highest point. On the south side of the island there is a small bay, or inlet, quite deep, at 25 to 35 metres. It is about 7.25 kilometres from Sebatik Island, which lies to the southeast. For decades, the pearl farm of the island has safeguarded nearby waters to keep thieves and trespassers away. Tabawan Island also called as Tabauwan Island, is situated in the southwest part of Darvel Bay. On the southern side of the island, there's a small deep bay that goes down to about 25 to 35 meters underwater. This island is the tallest and biggest among a bunch of islands covered in dense forests, and it\n\nCaltiki \u2013 The Immortal Monster () is a 1959 black-and-white science fiction-horror film with similarities to The Blob that was released in the previous year. The film's storyline concerns a team of archaeologists investigating Mayan ruins, who come across a creature that is a shapeless, amorphous blob. They manage to defeat it using fire, while keeping a sample of the creature. Meanwhile, a comet, which previously passed near the Earth around the time of the collapse of the Mayan civilization, is due to return, raising the possibility of a connection between the creature and the comet. After the success of their film Hercules (1958), Galatea Film began production on films in other genres that they hoped would entice the international market, which led to Riccardo Freda being hired to direct Caltiki \u2013 The Immortal Monster. Freda left the project during filming, later explaining that he wanted to give his friend\n\nArgus (formerly known as Petroleum Argus Ltd) is an independent provider of price information, consultancy services, conferences, market data and business intelligence for the global petroleum, natural gas, electricity, emissions, biofuels, biomass, LPG, metals, chemicals, fertilizers, agriculture and coal industries. Overview Argus is a privately held UK-registered company which produces price assessments and analysis of international energy and other commodity markets, and also offers consulting services and conferences. Argus was the first price-reporting agency to apply an IOSCO audit for its energy benchmarks. Argus was owned by the family of its founder Jan Nasmyth and its senior staff, but in September 2016 a majority-stake was sold to the equity firm General Atlantic valuing the company at $1.4 billion. Argus's headquarters are in London, with major offices in Houston, Dubai, Singapore, Paris, Seoul, Amsterdam, Hamburg, Riga, Kyiv, Astana, Calgary, San Francisco, Mexico City, Washington DC, Pittsburgh, New York, Sao Paulo, Tokyo,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Caltiki \u2013 The Immortal Monster is.", "output": "Caltiki \u2013 The Immortal Monster is a 1959 black-and-white science fiction-horror film with similarities to The Blob that was released in the previous year."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "King of the Nordic Twilight is the first album in a trilogy by Luca Turilli's eponymous band. It was released in 1999 through Limb Music Productions. The limited edition of this album comes in a digibook, with an expanded booklet. A video for the song \"The Ancient Forest of Elves\" is included as a hidden feature on the disc in .mov format. Track 11 is unlisted on any form of the album. It is an a cappella rendition of a traditional Icelandic song by soprano Rannveig Sif Sigurdardottir. Sometimes the track is referred to by her name, or as \"Lullaby\", but the real name of this song is \"Sof\u00f0u unga \u00e1stin m\u00edn\" (\"Sleep My Little Loved One\") Track listing Credits Band members Luca Turilli \u2014 guitars, additional keyboards Olaf Hayer \u2014 lead and backing vocals Sascha Paeth \u2014 bass, acoustic and additional guitars, guitar solo on \"Where Heroes Lie\", producer,\n\nPhiladelphia Ballet, formerly known as Pennsylvania Ballet, was Philadelphia's largest ballet company until its rebranding in 2021. The company's annual local season features six programs of classic pieces, like George Balanchine's The Nutcracker, in addition to presentations of new works. The company's artistic director is Angel Corella. Company history Pennsylvania Ballet was established in 1963 by Barbara Weisberger, a prot\u00e9g\u00e9e of George Balanchine, through a Ford Foundation initiative to develop regional professional dance companies. A Philadelphia cultural institution, the company is noted for its focus on the Balanchine repertoire. The company performed in the national spotlight for the first time in 1968 at the New York City Center, a debut that led to a decade of national touring, appearances on PBS's Dance in America series, and a stint as the official company of the Brooklyn Academy of Music during the 1970s. In 1982, Pennsylvania Ballet became the first major American\n\nAlannah Joy Currie (born 20 September 1957) is a New Zealand artist based in London. She is a musician and activist, best known as a former member of the pop band Thompson Twins. Career Born in New Zealand and trained as a journalist, Currie emigrated to the UK in 1977. Currie squatted in South London. She formed a band the Unfuckables that performed a single gig. In 1981, Currie joined Tom Bailey, Joe Leeway, and others to form part of Thompson Twins, the line-up of which included up to seven members in its early days. Thompson Twins became a trio in 1982 and signed two major recording contracts with Arista Records before signing with Warner Bros. Records. Currie was a lyricist, percussionist, visual stylist, and backing vocalist in the band for 15 years. She co-wrote and recorded six studio albums which included gold and platinum records and the hits \"Doctor!\n\nQuestion: What is King of the Nordic Twilight?", "output": "King of the Nordic Twilight is the first album in a trilogy by Luca Turilli's eponymous band."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Azora, The Daughter of Montezuma is a 1917 opera in three acts by American composer Henry Kimball Hadley to a libretto in English by author David Stevens. Synopsis The story takes place at the time of the conquest of the Aztecs by Cortez. Xalca, the Tlascalan prince, and Ramatzin, general of Montezuma's army, vie for the hand of Montezuma's daughter Azora; the former having prevailed, Montezuma condemns the lovers to death. In a scene set at dawn in a cavern, all gather by the sacrificial stone, but before the execution can proceed Cortez and his priests appear, and the lovers are set free. Roles A Spanish Priest Azora, the Daughter of Montezuma (soprano) Canek, High Priest of the Sun (bass) Hernando Cortez, Conqueror of Mexico Montezuma II, Emperor of Mexico (bass) Ramatzin, General of Montezuma's Army (baritone) Papantzin, Sister of Montezuma (contralto) Piqui-Chaqui (Flea-footed), A Runner Xalca, A Tlascalan Prince\n\nSupermalt is a non-alcoholic, caffeine-free malt drink that was originally developed for the Nigerian Army in 1972. It has a high content of B vitamins, minerals and nutrients, and carbohydrates. It is dark brown in colour and has a sweet flavour. Supermalt may be purchased in 330ml glass bottles, or cans, it is sold individually or in their respective six-packs. Supermalt is now produced by Royal Unibrew A/S in Denmark. It is most popular among the African and Afro-Caribbean community. Production Non-alcoholic malt drinks can be made by either the traditional brewing method, where barley is steeped into malt and then brewed into a creamy, rich consistency, or made like a soft drink by using malt extract. Supermalt uses traditional brewing skills for all its non-alcoholic batches. The main difference between non-alcoholic malt drinks and non-alcoholic beers is that malt drinks are usually sweet and always dark in color. The\n\nDewayne Staats (born August 8, 1952) is an American sports broadcaster who has been the television play-by-play commentator for the Tampa Bay Rays since their inception in 1998. He is currently teamed with color commentator Brian Anderson. Staats has been a broadcaster for several teams over his 40+ year career. Biography Staats regularly listened to the St. Louis Cardinals baseball broadcasts, featuring Harry Caray and Jack Buck. He graduated from Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE) in 1975 with a degree in Mass Communications. He began his broadcasting career reporting sports on WSIE, the SIUE radio station; as an announcer for high school sports on several of the nearby small town radio stations such as WOKZ in Alton, Illinois; and as an intern at KMOX in St. Louis. Staats began announcing professional baseball with the Oklahoma City 89ers (1973\u201374) while still a student at SIUE. After graduation, he was sports director\n\nQuestion: What's Supermalt?", "output": "Supermalt is a non-alcoholic, caffeine-free malt drink that was originally developed for the Nigerian Army in 1972."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Elizabeth Anne Kernohan (24 June 1939 \u2013 21 October 2004) was an Australian politician who served as member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the Electoral district of Camden from 1991 to 2003. She was a member of the Liberal Party. Prior to entering state parliament she served as an Alderman on Camden Council from 1973 to 1991, including two terms as Mayor. She was educated at the Sydney Church of England Girls' Grammar School and at the University of Sydney where she obtained a PhD degree in Agricultural Science. She worked at the University of Sydney's farms at Camden prior to entering state politics. After retiring from state politics, she was re-elected to Camden Council in 2004, but she died less than a year into her term. References Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly 1939 births 2004 deaths Liberal Party of Australia members of the\n\nGert Michael Weil Wiesenborn (born January 3, 1960 in Puerto Montt) is a retired Chilean shot putter of German ancestry, who dominated the sport on the South American scene during the 1980s and early 1990s. His best performance at a global event was a sixth place at the 1988 Olympic Games. His personal best was 20.90, achieved in Wirges 1986. Weil is married to Colombian Olympic medalist Ximena Restrepo. Their daughter, Martina Weil, is a track and field athlete at the University of Tennessee after winning the 400 meters in the South American U23 championships and setting a Chilean national record in the event. International competitions References 1960 births Living people People from Puerto Montt Sportspeople from Los Lagos Region Chilean male shot putters Chilean male hammer throwers Chilean male discus throwers Olympic athletes for Chile Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at\n\nMarc Awodey (November 4, 1960 \u2014 October 13, 2012) was an American contemporary artist and poet. Work His poetry collections include \"Telegrams from the Psych Ward\" (1999), \"New York City; \"Head to Head\" Haiku (Paperback) The Minimal Press (2001); A Haibun Journey\" (2003). and \"Senryu and Nudes\" (2008) from Kasini House Books. He also authored the collection of essays \"Art and Machine: 95 theses\" (2004) discussing his poetry vending machine project of the late 1990s. Awodey's paintings can be found in the Vermont State House collection and in many private collections throughout the United States. A prominent solo exhibition of his paintings was held in the lobby of the Vermont Supreme Court from January 13 through February 15, 2008. Awodey studied painting under George Earl Ortman at Cranbrook Academy of Art, and received an MFA from Cranbrook in 1984. He lived in Burlington, Vermont and served on the faculty of\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Liz Kernohan.", "output": "Elizabeth Anne Kernohan was an Australian politician who served as member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the Electoral district of Camden from 1991 to 2003."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wayne Quinn (born 19 November 1976) is an English former professional footballer who played as a left-back. Club career Sheffield United Quinn started his career at Sheffield United, breaking into their first team in 1997. Newcastle United In 2001 Quinn was loaned to Newcastle United, who later purchased him for \u00a3800,000. After a difficult time at the club, scoring once against Lokeren in the Intertoto Cup, he was loaned back out to Sheffield United, and then West Ham United before being released on a free transfer in 2004. Non-league After Quinn left West Ham United at the age of 28, he did not signed for another professional club. It was reported in the Plymouth Evening Herald that Quinn was offered a trial by English Championship club Plymouth Argyle but declined the opportunity, preferring to play amateur football in Cornwall because of a bad injury which led to surgery. Quinn played\n\nArron Matthew Oberholser (born February 2, 1975) is an American professional golfer and an analyst and commentator for the Golf Channel. Early life and amateur career Oberholser was born in San Luis Obispo, California. He attended San Jose State University. In 1996, as a junior, he won six college golf titles during the regular season, matching Tiger Woods, a sophomore at Stanford University. In the 1996 postseason, competing for college Player of the Year, Woods won the regionals and the NCAA Championship, while Oberholser finished second in every statistical category. Professional career Oberholser turned professional in 1998. In 1999 he became an assistant coach for the golf program at Santa Clara University. He played on the Canadian Tour in 1999 and 2000, finishing second on the Order of Merit in 2000. In December 2000, at the final round of PGA Qualifying School, he finished one stroke short of qualifying for\n\nImage-based lighting (IBL) is a 3D rendering technique which involves capturing an omnidirectional representation of real-world light information as an image, typically using a 360\u00b0 camera. This image is then projected onto a dome or sphere analogously to environment mapping, and this is used to simulate the lighting for the objects in the scene. This allows highly detailed real-world lighting to be used to light a scene, instead of trying to accurately model illumination using an existing rendering technique. Image-based lighting often uses high-dynamic-range imaging for greater realism, though this is not universal. According to Fxguide, \"Almost all modern rendering software offers some type of image-based lighting, though the exact terminology used in the system may vary.\" Motion picture production makes use of image-based lighting, and it can be seen in movies like Monsters University, The Great Gatsby, and Iron Man 2. One reference capture technique, sometimes referred to as\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Arron Oberholser.", "output": "Arron Matthew Oberholser is an American professional golfer and an analyst and commentator for the Golf Channel."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Palatine Chapel () is the royal chapel of the Norman Palace in Palermo, Sicily. This building is a mixture of Byzantine, Norman and Fatimid architectural styles, showing the tricultural state of Sicily during the 12th century after Roger I and Robert Guiscard conquered the island. Also referred to as a Palace church or Palace chapel, it was commissioned by Roger II of Sicily in 1132 to be built upon an older chapel (now the crypt) constructed around 1080. It took eight years to build, receiving a royal charter the same year, with the mosaics being only partially finished by 1143. The sanctuary, dedicated to Saint Peter, is reminiscent of a domed basilica. It has three apses, as is usual in Byzantine architecture, with six pointed arches (three on each side of the central nave) resting on recycled classical columns. The muqarnas ceiling of the nave and the chapel's rectilinear\n\nMichael Lindsay (May 9, 1963 \u2013 August 31, 2019) was an American voice actor who worked largely in anime, credited often as Dylan Tully. His most prominent roles were Kisuke Urahara in Bleach, Kankuro in Naruto, Greymon and Joe Kido in Digimon, and Amuro Ray in the first three Mobile Suit Gundam compilation films. Personal life and career Lindsay was born in Washington, D.C., but moved at a young age to New York City. He received a degree in theatre from Adelphi University. In 2012, Lindsay retired from voice acting and most of his anime roles were recast to Doug Erholtz. Death Lindsay died on August 31, 2019, at the age of 56. He was living in Laurel, Maryland at the time of his death. He was surrounded by his wife and his two children. The cause of his death has not been revealed. Dubbing roles Animated series English dubbing\n\nAsociaci\u00f3n Alumni, usually just Alumni, is an Argentine rugby union club located in Tortuguitas, Greater Buenos Aires. The senior squad currently competes at Top 12, the first division of the Uni\u00f3n de Rugby de Buenos Aires league system. The club has ties with former football club Alumni because both were established by Buenos Aires English High School students. History Background The first club with the name \"Alumni\" played association football, having been found in 1898 by students of Buenos Aires English High School (BAEHS) along with director Alexander Watson Hutton. Originally under the name \"English High School A.C.\", the team would be later obliged by the Association to change its name, therefore \"Alumni\" was chosen, following a proposal by Carlos Bowers, a former student of the school. Alumni was the most successful team during the first years of Argentine football, winning 10 of 14 league championships contested. Alumni is still\n\nQuestion: What is Michael Lindsay", "output": "Michael Lindsay was an American voice actor who worked largely in anime, credited often as Dylan Tully."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Fascination Records is a United Kingdom-based record label, owned by Universal Music Group, and operated as an imprint of Polydor Records. The label was launched in spring of 2006, and is managed by former TOTP Magazine editor Peter Loraine. In 2010, Loraine announced he is setting up a management company, Fascination Management, while Fascination Records will continue as an imprint until 2014. Main artists Pre-established artists Girls Aloud Having become the first all-girl group ever to score 20 consecutive Top 10 hits with their first set of releases (as part of Polydor), Girls Aloud are one of the most successful girls bands in the UK with all albums being certified platinum and having 4 number one singles. Girls Aloud moved to Fascination for the release of their greatest hits album The Sound of Girls Aloud which went quadruple platinum and selling over million copies in the UK, and its preceding\n\nRichard Bornat (born 1944), is a British author and researcher in the field of computer science. He is also professor of Computer programming at Middlesex University. Previously he was at Queen Mary, University of London. Research Bornat's research interests includes program proving in separation logic. His focus is on the proofs themselves; as opposed to any logical underpinnings. Much of the work involves discovering ways to state the properties of independent modules, in a manner that makes their composition into useful systems conducive. Bornat (in conjunction with Bernard Sufrin of the Oxford University Computing Laboratory) developed Jape, a proof calculator; he is involved in research on the usability of this tool for exploration of novel proofs. Richard Bornat's PhD students have included Samson Abramsky in the early 1980s. In 2004, one of Bornat's students developed an aptitude test to \"divide people up into programmers and non-programmers before they ever come\n\nCepola haastii is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cepolidae, the bandfishes. It is found on the inner continental shelf around New Zealand. Its length is between 15 and 25 cm. This species is known as the red bandfish, a name given to most of the other members of the genus Cepola, especially the European species, Cepola macrophthalma. Taxonomy Cepola haastii was first formally described as Hypolycodes haastii in 1881 by the Scottish born New Zealand geologist, naturalist and surgeon James Hector with the type locality given as Waimarama on the east coast of the North Island near Wellington, New Zealand. The specific name honours the German-born geologist Johann Franz Julius von Haast, the first director of the Canterbury Museum in Christchurch, New Zealand, who tasked Hector to describe this species. Description Cepola haastii is an elongated fish with the rearmost soft rays of both the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Fascination Records is.", "output": "Fascination Records is a United Kingdom-based record label, owned by Universal Music Group, and operated as an imprint of Polydor Records."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Herrengasse (meaning in German language: \"Street of the Lords\" or \"Lords Lane\") is a street in Vienna, located in the first district Innere Stadt. History The street existed during Roman times as part of the limes highway system. The first written mention of the street dates to 1216. The section of the street between the Freyung and Lobkowitzplatz squares was known during the Middle Ages as Hochstra\u00dfe (High Street). After Vienna began to establish itself as the imperial capital, the nobility (known in German as Herren or Lords) increasingly migrated to the city to be close to the Hofburg Imperial Palace, the residence of the Habsburg rulers. After the Estates of Lower Austria built their assembly house at the Palais Nieder\u00f6sterreich in 1513, the street was renamed Herrengasse. Palaces The typical layout of a noble palace (Palais) was the entrance facing the street, sometimes set a little way back,\n\nPoum is a commune in the North Province of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The small town of Poum (Latitude: 20\u00b0 13' 59 south, longitude: 164\u00b0 1' 23 east) is located in the far northwest, located on the southern part of Banare Bay, with Mouac Island just offshore. Aside from French, the native language of the Kanak inhabitants is n\u00eal\u00eamwa-nixumwak, an Austronesian language spoken by about 1,100 people. British fishermen came to the islands in 1855 seeking sea cucumbers, and settled and intermarried, and this is reflected in the last names of some clan members and on gravestones (e.g. Williams, Winchester). In the 1850s, a hundred Europeans lived on Mouac Island and John Henry Williams established a presence on N\u00e9ba island. Geography The Poum massif south of Poum and Titch rises to 414 m and is rich in nickel. Other minerals like cobalt have\n\nJohn Edward Bickerton (born 23 December 1969) is an English professional golfer. He made over 400 appearances on the European Tour, winning three times, including the 2006 Open de France. Early life and amateur career Bickerton was born in Redditch, England. He won the 1990 Midland Open Amateur Championship and turned professional in 1991. Professional career Bickerton joined the Challenge Tour, Europe's second tier professional golf tour, in 1993. He won the 1994 Gore-Tex Challenge after a playoff, and was runner-up in the Dutch Challenge Open, on his way to 6th on the season-ending money list, which gave him automatic promotion to the European Tour for 1995. He initially struggled to establish himself at Europe's top level, returning to the Challenge Tour in 1997. In 1998, he was runner-up in the Challenge Tour Championship and had a number of other high finishes, leaving him 9th in the end-of-season rankings and\n\nQuestion: Who is John Bickerton", "output": "John Edward Bickerton is an English professional golfer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Xavier Marcel Boulestin (1878 \u2013 20 September 1943) was a French chef, restaurateur, and the author of cookery books that popularised French cuisine in the English-speaking world. Born in Poitiers in France (Poitou region), Boulestin tried a number of occupations before finding his role as a restaurateur. He worked as secretary and ghostwriter to the author \"Willy\" (Henry Gauthier-Villars) in Paris, and then moved to London, where he made his home and career from 1906 onward. There, he opened an interior design shop, which failed to make enough money. He wrote extensively, and was commissioned to write a simple French cookery book for English readers. It was a huge success, and thereafter his career was in cooking. The Restaurant Boulestin, known as the most expensive in London, opened in 1927. Its fame, and the long series of books and articles that Boulestin wrote, made him a celebrity. His cuisine was\n\nFire Time is a science fiction novel by Poul Anderson, first published in 1974. It was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1975. Plot introduction Fire Time takes place on the planet Ishtar in the \"Anubelea\" system, located 300 parsecs away from the Sun. Ishtar's peculiar orbit around the three stars of the Anubelea system (Bel, Ea, and Anu) results in the \"Fire Time\", a dramatic increase in heat every thousand years as the \"demon star\" Anu approaches the planet. As the northern hemisphere heats up, large numbers of Ishtarians flee south, leading to a collapse of civilization. The northern natives (Valennen) take advantage of the Gathering's (southern natives) culture to win two victories in Valennen territory. The presence of visitors from Earth (also engaged in their own war off-planet at Nasqua) raises the prospect of changing the dynamics of history, though, with Earth involved in an\n\nFelton LaFrance Spencer (January 5, 1968 \u2013 March 12, 2023) was an American professional basketball player who was a center for the Minnesota Timberwolves, Utah Jazz, Orlando Magic, Golden State Warriors, San Antonio Spurs, and New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1990 to 2002. High school and college Spencer was an all-state basketball player at Eastern High School in Middletown, Kentucky (now part of Louisville); as both a junior and a senior, he led the team to the KHSAA state tournament in Lexington. In the first year, Eastern was upset by lightly regarded Metcalfe County in the first round, 60\u201358. A year later as a senior, Eastern was eliminated in the quarter-finals by Hazard High School. Spencer attended the University of Louisville, where he played college basketball for the Louisville Cardinals. He became the all-time field goal percentage leader at 62.8%. He took over the center\n\nQuestion: Who is Marcel Boulestin", "output": "Xavier Marcel Boulestin was a French chef, restaurateur, and the author of cookery books that popularised French cuisine in the English-speaking world."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The CFA franc (, , Franc of the Financial Community of Africa, originally Franc of the French Colonies in Africa, or colloquially ; abbreviation: F.CFA) is the name of two currencies, the West African CFA franc, used in eight West African countries, and the Central African CFA franc, used in six Central African countries. Although separate, the two CFA franc currencies have always been at parity and are effectively interchangeable. The ISO currency codes are XAF for the Central African CFA franc and XOF for the West African CFA franc. On 22 December 2019, it was announced that the West African currency would be reformed and replaced by an independent currency to be called Eco. Both CFA francs have a fixed exchange rate (peg) to the euro: \u20ac1 = F.CFA 655.957 exactly, and member countries deposited half of their foreign exchange reserves with the French Treasury. The currency has been\n\nAngelo Palombo (; born 25 September 1981) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Throughout his club career, he played for Fiorentina, Sampdoria, and Inter Milan in Serie A. The vast majority of that time was spent at Sampdoria where he was club captain and played a total of nearly 15 years. Palombo won 22 caps for Italy at full international level between 2006 and 2011, and represented his nation at the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2010 FIFA World Cup, also winning a bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Club career Early career Born in Ferentino, Angelo Palombo began playing football for local side AS Ferentino. He spent the 1997\u201398 season with Serie D club Urbania Calcio. At age 17, he moved to Serie C team Fano before being signed by Serie A side Fiorentina in 1999 where he spent two years playing\n\nThe Catholic Church in Indonesia () is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the pope in Rome. Catholicism is one of the six approved religions in Indonesia, the others being Islam, Protestantism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. According to official figures, Catholics made up 3.12 percent of the population in 2018. The number of Catholics is, therefore, more than 8.3 million. Indonesia is primarily Muslim, but Catholicism is the dominant faith in certain areas of the country. The Church is organised into 10 archdioceses and 27 dioceses, all of which are members of the Indonesian Catholic Bishops Conference (KWI) led by Archbishop Ignatius Cardinal Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo. There are several Catholic religious institutes active in the country including the Jesuits, the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart (MSC) and the Divine Word Missionaries. Catholicism in Indonesia began with the arrival of the Portuguese in search of the Spice\n\nQuestion: Who was Angelo Palombo?", "output": "Angelo Palombo is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Wild Eyed Boy from Freecloud\" is a song written by David Bowie, first recorded in June 1969 and released as a B-side to his single \"Space Oddity\". Bowie then rerecorded the song for his second eponymous album (released in the U.S. as Man of Words, Man of Music by Mercury and reissued by RCA in 1972 as Space Oddity). The single version has sparse instrumentation: guitar (played by Bowie) and arco bass (by Paul Buckmaster). The album version, recorded in July/August 1969, features a full orchestral arrangement by Tony Visconti and is said to be the debut on a Bowie record of Mick Ronson, contributing uncredited lead guitar and handclaps midway through the track. Bowie himself said of the song: \"It was about the disassociated, the ones who feel as though they're left outside, which was how I felt about me. I always felt I was on the edge of\n\nLage Vuursche () is a village in the municipality of Baarn in the Netherlands. It lies about west of Soest, surrounded by woods, in the province of Utrecht. In 2001 the village of Lage Vuursche had 139 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.04 km\u00b2, and contained 61 residences. The slightly larger statistical district of Lage Vuursche has about 210 inhabitants. Until 1857 the village was a separate municipality, under the name De Vuursche, together with the small hamlet Hoge Vuursche. It then merged with the municipality of Baarn. The castle Drakensteyn, since February 2014 residence again of Princess Beatrix, is situated just east of the village. Her son Prince Friso is buried in the graveyard beside the moated manor. Apart from the royal family the most famous person from Lage Vuursche is athlete Fanny Blankers-Koen, four times gold medalist in the 1948 Summer Olympics. References External links\n\nA used note is a banknote that has been in circulation (as opposed to a freshly printed, uncirculated banknote). Blackmailers and people demanding ransoms are often heard in movies to ask for a sum of money \"in used notes\". Used banknotes are preferred by criminals because they are more difficult to trace. Blocks of new banknotes will be in sequentially numbered order. Collectibility Used bank notes are less desired by collectors in comparison to uncirculated bank notes. However, many old, rare bank notes are valuable to collectors when uncirculated notes are not available at an affordable price. Removal from circulation In the United States, when the quality of a used note becomes sufficiently degraded, it is removed from circulation by the Federal Reserve. Each Federal Reserve Bank operates numerous count rooms, in which at least two employees process banknotes that were received on deposit from a bank. Used banknotes are\n\nQuestion: Define Used note.", "output": "A used note is a banknote that has been in circulation."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tavistock Association Football Club is a football club based in Tavistock, Devon, England. They play in the . History The club was formed on 8 September 1888, when sportsman and businessman Herbert Spencer summoned \"interested persons to assemble at the Guildhall\" where a committee would be elected under the chairmanship of his brother, Wilfred, with Herbert as his deputy and another brother, Kingsley, on the committee. They played their first games at the old Tavistock Grammar School playing fields, playing in the Devon League. In their second season of 1889 \u2013 1890 they became the first winners of the Devon Senior Cup. In 1900\u201301 season the club then claimed their first Devon League title. After the first world war the club achieved success in the Devon league, Senior Cup and Bedford Cup, during the 1920s however the club had to cease playing football at the end of the 1931\u201332 season\n\nDame Jessica Mary Rawson, (born 20 January 1943) is an English art historian, curator and sinologist. She is also an academic administrator, specialising in Chinese art. After many years at the British Museum, she was Warden (head) of Merton College, Oxford, from 1994 until her retirement in 2010. She served as pro-vice-chancellor at University of Oxford from 2006 for a term of five years. Biography Rawson's academic background is in Sinology with a particular research focus on the cosmology of the Han period (206 BC-AD 220) and its relation to tombs and their decoration. Educated at St Paul's Girls' School in Hammersmith, West London, New Hall, Cambridge and the University of London, Rawson began her career in the civil service. Between 1976 and 1994, she served as Deputy Keeper and then Keeper of the Department of Oriental Antiquities at the British Museum. From 1994 to 2010 she was Warden of\n\nHafez Ibrahim (, ; 1871\u20131932) was a well known Egyptian poet of the early 20th century. He was dubbed the \"Poet of the Nile\", and sometimes the \"Poet of the People\", for his political commitment to the poor. His poetry took on the concerns of the majority of ordinary Egyptians, including women\u2019s rights, poverty, education, as well as his criticism of the British Empire and foreign occupation. He was one of several Egyptian poets who revived Classical Arabic poetry during the latter half of the 19th century. While still using the classical Arabic system of meter and rhyme, these poets wrote to express new ideas and feelings unknown to the classical poets. Hafez is noted for writing poems on political and social commentar. Early life Hafez was born in 1872 in Dayrut, in Egypt. His father was an Egyptian engineer and his mother was Turkish. After his father\u2019s death, at\n\nQuestion: Who is Hafez Ibrahim?", "output": "Hafez Ibrahim was a well known Egyptian poet of the early 20th century."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Platymantis is a genus of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. They are commonly known as wrinkled ground frogs, ground frogs, and forest frogs. As currently defined, Platymantis is a large genus with up to as many as 60 species found mostly in the Philippines. However, it is known to be paraphyletic. Solving this problem will likely lead to a more narrowly defined Platymantis, possibly by transferring some species to a larger Ceratobatrachus (with Batrachylodes). Species There are currently at least 30 extant species in this genus. Brown, et al. (2015) estimates that there may be a total of 50-60 species in Platymantis if all cryptic species were to be described. In addition, there is an extinct species: Platymantis megabotoniviti, Giant Fiji ground frog Species moved to genus Cornufer Brown, et al. (2015) moved the Platymantis species of Oceania into the newly proposed genus Cornufer. Species in the Philippines remained in\n\nNewcraighall (, ) is a South-Eastern suburb of Edinburgh, Scotland. A former mining village, its prosperity was based on the Midlothian coalfields. The Newcraighall pit was known as 'Klondyke' and closed in the 1960s, work transferring to nearby Bilston Glen and in particular the last-to-close (1998) Monktonhall pit. The village had a church, a Co-op and a miners' club (demolished after a fire on 15 July 2009) and bowling green. Newcraighall now plays host to an out-of-town shopping complex, Fort Kinnaird, previously known as \u2018\u2019Edinburgh Fort (south of Newcraighall Road) and Kinnaird Park (north). Today, the retail park is still commonly referred to as \"The Fort\" by residents. Newcraighall railway station is on the newly reopened Borders Railway which runs from Edinburgh to Tweedbank and was formerly part of the Waverley Route to Carlisle its closure (Closed 5 January 1969) following the Beeching Report in 1963. Newcraighall was the setting\n\nEstadio General Pablo Rojas (locally known as La Olla or La Nueva Olla) is a football stadium in the neighbourhood of Barrio Obrero in Asunci\u00f3n, Paraguay. It is the home venue of Cerro Porte\u00f1o. The stadium's nickname La Olla was given by the club's former president General Pablo Rojas, whose name took the stadium when he died. This stadium was used during the 1999 Copa Am\u00e9rica, hosting games by Uruguay and Colombia. Since 2015, the stadium is undergoing expansion and remodeling works in order to increase its capacity to 51,237 people. The stadium counts with balconies, car parking, food courts and canteens in all sectors. History On 24 May 1970, the stadium was inaugurated. Following the stadium's inauguration in 1970, was a match between Cerro Porte\u00f1o and Club Silvio Pettirossi. It underwent renovations in 1980, 2009 and between 2015 and 2017. Since 1970, the stadium in its original layout was\n\nQuestion: What's Estadio General Pablo Rojas?", "output": "Estadio General Pablo Rojas is a football stadium in the neighbourhood of Barrio Obrero in Asunci\u00f3n, Paraguay."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Andesaurus ( ; \"Andes lizard\") is a genus of basal titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur which existed during the middle of the Cretaceous Period in South America. Like most sauropods, belonging to one of the largest animals ever to walk the Earth, it would have had a small head on the end of a long neck and an equally long tail. History of discovery In 1991, paleontologists Jorge Orlando Calvo and Jos\u00e9 Fernando Bonaparte named Andesaurus, which refers to the Andes and also includes the Greek word sauros (\"lizard\"), because of the proximity of this animal's remains to the Andes. Andesaurus fossils were found by Alejandro Delgado, after whom the single known species (A. delgadoi) is named. The only known material of Andesaurus is a partial skeleton consisting of a series of four vertebrae from the lower back, as well as 27 tail vertebrae, divided up into two series from separate parts\n\nWendy McGrath is a Canadian poet and novelist. Career \"Broke City\" (NeWest Press 2019) is the final novel in McGrath's Santa Rosa Trilogy. The second novel in the trilogy, North East (NeWest Press 2014) was nominated for the Georges Bugnet Prize for Fiction. The Santa Rosa Trilogy is set primarily in Edmonton, Alberta circa 1960s. Santa Rosa, the first book in the series, was nominated for the 2012 Robert Kroetsch City of Edmonton Book Prize. McGrath released the EP \"BOX\" (spring 2017) with the group Quarto & Sound\u2014made up of Edmonton musicians Sascha Liebrand, Yana Loo, and writer McGrath. \"BOX\" is an adaptation of McGrath's eponymous \"mirror poem\"\u2014a genre-blurring collaboration of poetry, jazz, spoken word, instrumental experimental music, and voice. Quarto & Sound is currently working on an arrangement and adaptation of McGrath's long poem inspired by the North Saskatchewan River. McGrath's most recent poetry collection is A Revision of\n\nLearning to Crawl is the third studio album by British-American rock band the Pretenders. It was released on 13 January 1984 by Sire Records after a hiatus during which band members James Honeyman-Scott and Pete Farndon died of drug overdoses. The album's title of \"Learning to Crawl\" was given in honour of Chrissie Hynde's then-infant daughter, Natalie Rae Hynde. She was learning to crawl at the time that Hynde was trying to determine a title for the album. Learning to Crawl was a critical and commercial success, reaching number 11 on the UK Albums Chart. In the United States, it peaked at number five on the Billboard 200, making it the band's highest-charting album in the US. Production After Farndon's dismissal from the band and Honeyman-Scott's death, Chrissie Hynde and Martin Chambers initially recruited Rockpile's Billy Bremner and Big Country's Tony Butler to fill in a caretaker line-up of the\n\nQuestion: What is Andesaurus", "output": "Andesaurus is a genus of basal titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur which existed during the middle of the Cretaceous Period in South America."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "David Ross Hope Bridie is an Australian contemporary musician and songwriter. He was a founding mainstay member of World music band Not Drowning, Waving which released six studio albums to critical acclaim. He also formed a chamber pop group, My Friend the Chocolate Cake, which released seven studio albums. During his solo career he has issued five studio albums and worked on soundtracks for Australian films and television like The Man Who Sued God, Remote Area Nurse, Secret City, and The Circuit. Bridie is the founder and artistic director of Wantok Musik Foundation; a not-for-profit music label that records, releases and promotes culturally infused music from Indigenous Australia, Melanesia and Oceania. In 2019 he received the Don Banks Music Award. Musical Biography David Bridie was born in 1962 and grew up in the Melbourne suburb of Deepdene with three siblings. He attended Camberwell High School and the University of Melbourne,\n\nRao Dhoohad was an Indian chieftain belonging to the Rathore clan. Between 1291 and 1309 AD, he ruled a small principality in a part of the present-day Indian state of Rajasthan. Rao Dhoohad is said to have constructed the Nagnechiya Maa temple at the village of Nagana in Rajasthan. History Doohad was a son of Rao Asthan, and inherited his father's estates in 1291 AD. Over the next few years, Doohad is said to have conquered 140 villages and added them to his principality. He ruled from the towns of Pali and Khed in present-day Rajasthan. On one occasion, Doohad captured the nearby town of Mandore, which was at that time the capital of the Parihaar clan of rajputs. However, Mandore was soon retaken by the Parihaars. To expel them again, Rao Doohad mounted another offensive against Mandore. Somewhere between the villages of Thob and Tarsinghari, a skirmish ensued with\n\nSir Martin Onslow Forster, FRS (8 November 1872 \u2013 24 May 1945) was a chemist and a director of the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, India. Forster was born in Lambeth, London. One of four children of Martin Forster, a bank clerk and his wife Ann Hope Limby, he schooled at Dane Hill House (or Boulden's), Margate and in 1888 went to Finsbury Technical College to pursue his interest in chemistry. Further studies and a certificate were achieved in industry. He undertook research under Raphael Meldola and later with Emil Fischer at the University of W\u00fcrzburg where he obtained a Ph.D. in 1892. He then returned to England and worked under W. A. Tilden at Mason College, Birmingham followed by research under H. E. Armstrong at the Central Technical College, South Kensington. Here he received a fellowship from Salters' Company and studied the chemistry of camphor. In 1895 he\n\nQuestion: What is Rao Doohad", "output": "Rao Dhoohad was an Indian chieftain belonging to the Rathore clan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Clipperton Island ( ; ), also known as Clipperton Atoll and previously referred to as Clipperton's Rock, is an uninhabited French coral atoll in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The only French territory in the North Pacific, Clipperton is from Paris, France; from Papeete, Tahiti; and from Acapulco, Mexico. Clipperton was documented by French merchant-explorers in 1711 and formally claimed as part of the French protectorate of Tahiti in 1858. Despite this, American guano miners began working the island in the early 1890s. As interest in the island grew, Mexico asserted a claim to the island based upon Spanish records from the 1520s that may have identified the island. Mexico established a small military colony on the island in 1905, but during the Mexican Revolution contact with the mainland became infrequent, most of the colonists died, and lighthouse keeper Victoriano \u00c1lvarez instituted a short, brutal reign as \"king\" of the island.\n\nAdaware, formerly known as Lavasoft, is a software development company that produces spyware and malware detection software, including Adaware. It operates as a subsidiary of Avanquest, a division of Claranova. The company offers products Adaware Antivirus, Adaware Protect, Adaware Safe Browser, Adaware Privacy, Adaware AdBlock, Adaware PC Cleaner and Adaware Driver Manager. Adaware's headquarters are in Montreal, Canada, having previously been located in Gothenburg, Sweden since 2002. Nicolas Stark and Ann-Christine \u00c5kerlund established the company in Germany in 1999 with its flagship Adaware antivirus product. In 2011, Adware was acquired by the Solaria Fund, a private equity fund front for entrepreneurs Daniel Assouline and Michael Dadoun, who have been accused of selling software that is available for free, including Adaware antivirus prior to acquiring the company itself. Adaware antivirus An anti-spyware and anti-virus software program, Adaware Antivirus, according to its developer, supposedly detects and removes malware, spyware and adware, computer\n\nCharles Camoin (; 23 September 1879 \u2013 20 May 1965) was a French expressionist landscape painter associated with the Fauves. Born in Marseille, France, Camoin met Henri Matisse in Gustave Moreau's class at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Matisse and his friends (including Camoin, Henri Manguin, Albert Marquet, Georges Rouault, Andr\u00e9 Derain and Maurice de Vlaminck) formed the original group of artists labeled the Fauves (meaning \"the wild beasts\") for their wild, expressionist-like use of color. Camoin always remained close to Matisse. He painted a portrait of Matisse, which is in the permanent collection of the Pompidou Museum in Paris. Charles Camoin's works have been widely shown in France and are in such major collections as the Mus\u00e9e d'Art Moderne de la ville de Paris in addition to the Centre Georges Pompidou and many of the French regional museums. In 1955, he was awarded the Prix du Pr\u00e9sident de\n\nQuestion: What's Lavasoft?", "output": "Adaware, formerly known as Lavasoft, is a software development company that produces spyware and malware detection software, including Adaware."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bay\u02bfah (, \"Pledge of allegiance\"), in Islamic terminology, is an oath of allegiance to a leader. It is known to have been practiced by the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Bay\u02bfah is sometimes taken under a written pact given on behalf of the subjects by leading members of the tribe with the understanding that as long as the leader abides by certain requirements towards his people, they are to maintain their allegiance to him. Bay\u02bfah is still practiced in countries such as Saudi Arabia and Sudan. In Morocco, bay\u02bfah is one of the foundations of the monarchy. Etymology Bay'ah derives from the Semitic triconsonantal root B-Y-\u2019, related to commerce, and shows the contractual nature of the bond between caliph and the people. Bay'ah originally referred to the striking together of hands between buyer and seller to mark an agreement. In Islamic history The tradition of bay\u02bfah can be traced back to the\n\nThe Ka\u00e7kar Mountains (; , Kajkar), or the Mountains of Khaghtik (), are a mountain range that rises above the Black Sea coast in northeastern Turkey. With the highest peak, Ka\u00e7kar Da\u011f\u0131, at an elevation of , and mountain plateaus at about in elevation, the range is the highest part of the Pontic Mountains. The Ka\u00e7kars are glaciated mountains that are alpine in character, with steep rocky peaks and numerous mountain lakes. The area was declared a national park in 1994. Recreational activities in the park include hiking, camping, mountaineering, and, increasingly, heliskiing. Etymology The name Ka\u00e7kar derives from the Armenian term khachkar (), which literally means \"cross stone\". The name may be used in various senses. It may describe the whole mountain range, including the many mountain groups, or it may just describe the Ka\u00e7kar-Kavron group with its highest peak, or just the highest peak itself. The local name\n\nHattie Tavernier is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Michelle Gayle between 5 July 1990 and 21 December 1993. Hattie and her family were introduced in July 1990 by producer Michael Ferguson. The Taverniers were the first collective black family to join the soap at the same time. Portrayed as an intelligent, independent young woman, Hattie remained in the serial after the departures of many of her screen family, covering issues such as miscarriage and sexual harassment. Michelle Gayle quit the role in 1993 to embark on a pop career. Gayle filmed no official exit storyline for Hattie. Her last scene aired on 21 December 1993, with Hattie departing to visit her parents off-screen in Norwich for the Christmas holidays. Dialogue between characters at this time suggested that it was a temporary departure; however, Gayle left to pursue a singing career and did not return\n\nQuestion: What's Ka\u00e7kar Mountains?", "output": "The Ka\u00e7kar Mountains, or the Mountains of Khaghtik, are a mountain range that rises above the Black Sea coast in northeastern Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Robin O'Neil is a Holocaust researcher and author. After a career as the British major crimes' investigator who worked on criminal investigations for Scotland Yard, the Metropolitan Police Service, and London Home Counties Police, he obtained his Masters and Doctorate with the Hebrew and Jewish Department at University College London. He now specialises in researching Nazi war crimes and the destruction of the European Jewish communities (1933\u20131945). Biography Robin O'Neil has pursued his work to the Baltic States and former USSR. He has launched a number of investigations into the perpetrators of the Holocaust, particularly those active in Lithuania and occupied Poland during World War II. He has conducted research regarding the Schutzstaffel (SS) and extermination camp commandants of Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka. O'Neil has performed extensive source research into the Oskar Schindler story. A historical consultant to several TV documentaries and radio broadcasts in the UK and abroad, he\n\nDarge\u00e7it () is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 519 km2, and its population is 27,147 (2022). The town is principally populated by Kurds of the Erebiyan tribe. History In the nineteenth century, all the urban settlements in this zone, including Midyat and Kerboran, as well as Mardin and a lot of villages around them and in the Tur Abdin area were populated by Assyrians. The district Darge\u00e7it was established in 1987. Since the 2013 administrative reform, Darge\u00e7it is a metropolitan district and municipality. Prior to the reform, the district comprised the main town of Darge\u00e7it (four neighbourhoods: Bah\u00e7eba\u015f\u0131, Safa, Saray and Tepeba\u015f\u0131), two towns (K\u0131lavuz and S\u00fcmer), thirty-six villages and twenty-six hamlets. Composition There are 41 neighbourhoods in Darge\u00e7it District: Ak\u00e7ak\u00f6y () Akyol () Alayunt () Alt\u0131noluk () Alt\u0131yol () Ba\u011f\u00f6z\u00fc () Bah\u00e7eba\u015f\u0131 Batur () Baysun () Be\u011fendi () Belen () Bostanl\u0131 () \u00c7atalan\n\nGaston P\u00e9loquin (11 December 1939 \u2013 1 September 1994) was a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Brome\u2014Missisquoi in the House of Commons from 1993 to 1994. He was born in Granby, Quebec. P\u00e9loquin, who was a teacher before entering politics, was elected in the 1993 election as a Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois candidate. However, after less than a year in office, he died in a car accident on 1 September 1994, when he crashed his car while driving on a curve near Sutton, Quebec. He was pronounced dead a local hospital, at the age of 54. P\u00e9loquin had a son, whom he adopted from Haiti while working there as a teacher. In the resulting byelection, he was succeeded by Denis Paradis. Electoral record References External links 1939 births 1994 deaths 20th-century Canadian educators 20th-century Canadian legislators Accidental deaths in Quebec Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois MPs Canadian expatriates in Haiti Canadian schoolteachers\n\nQuestion: Define Robin O'Neil.", "output": "Robin O'Neil is a Holocaust researcher and author."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Pontifical University of the Holy Cross (, ) is a Roman Catholic university under the Curial Congregation for Catholic Education, now entrusted to the Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei, or more commonly called Opus Dei. It was started in 1984 by Opus Dei, with the aim of offering the universal church an effective instrument for formation and research. Located in the city center of Rome, the Pontifical University of Santa Croce has two campuses. One is in Piazza di Sant'Apollinare, northern area of Piazza Navona. The other is the library in Via dei Farnesi near the famous Palazzo Farnese. Its stated mission is \"to serve the whole Church by means of a broad and thorough work of research and formation in the ecclesiastical sciences, cooperating according to its special function with the evangelizing mission of the Church in the whole world.\" Pope John Paul II granted the\n\nMorialta is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. It is a 356 km2 electorate stretching from the Adelaide Hills to the outer eastern and north-eastern suburbs of Adelaide, taking in the suburbs and localities of Auldana, Ashton, Athelstone, Basket Range, Birdwood, Castambul, Cherryville, Cudlee Creek, Forest Range, Gumeracha, Highbury, Kenton Valley, Lenswood, Lobethal, Marble Hill, Montacute, Mount Torrens, Norton Summit, Rostrevor, Summertown, Teringie, Uraidla and Woodforde, as well as part of Chain of Ponds. Morialta is a word derived from the Kaurna language, originally thought to be marri-yartalla, \"marri\" meaning east and yertala meaning \"flowing water\". More recent research has shown that the etymology of the word is marri, meaning \"east\" and probably yarta, meaning \"land, earth, country\", or possibly yalta, meaning \"cool, fresh, airy\"; therefore, probably meaning \"eastern land or country\". The land used by the Morialta Conservation Park was traditionally occupied by the\n\nThe Jola or Diola (endonym: Ajamat) are an ethnic group found in Senegal, the Gambia, and Guinea-Bissau. Most Jola live in small villages scattered throughout Senegal, especially in the Lower Casamance region. The main dialect of the Jola language, Fogni, is one of the six national languages of Senegal. Their economy has been based on wet rice cultivation for at least one thousand years. This system has been characterized \"one of the most significant examples of 'agrarian civilizations' in West Africa\". However, the Jola probably reached the Lower Casamance region in the 14th century, assimilating the previous Bainuk people and their rice tradition. In colonial times, the Jola began to cultivate peanuts as a cash crop in the drier forests. Other activities include palm wine tapping, honey collecting, livestock rearing and the production of other crops such as sweet potatoes, yams and watermelon. The traditional religion of the Jola is\n\nQuestion: What's Pontifical University of the Holy Cross?", "output": "Pontifical University of the Holy Cross is a Roman Catholic university under the Curial Congregation for Catholic Education, now entrusted to the Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei, or more commonly called Opus Dei."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Stainton is a village in the south-west outskirts of Middlesbrough, England. It is in the Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire. The village is in a shared civil parish and ward with Thornton called Stainton and Thornton. The ward had a population of approximately 2,300 as of 2005, measured at 2,890 in the 2011 census. The civil parish has no school so the ward includes parts of Hemlington including Hemlington Hall Academy primary. History Stainton was named in the Domesday Book of 1086, when its manors were held by Earl Hugh of Acklam. It has been a settlement since pre-Anglo-Saxon times, its name is of mixed origin with Old Norse \"stan\" and Old English \"tun\", in Modern English stone-town. St Peter and St Paul Church dates back to the 12th century and is grade II* listed. The former vicarage, Stainton House, dates from the 19th century and is Grade II listed.\n\nMary Scott McKee (nee Harrison; April 3, 1858 \u2013 October 28, 1930) was the acting First Lady of the United States for her father Benjamin Harrison. She lived in the White House for the duration of her father's presidency where she worked as an assistant to her mother, first lady Caroline Harrison. She became the acting first lady after her mother's death in October 1892 and remained in the role for the final months of her father's presidency. McKee's young son, known as Baby Harrison, was a popular national figure during the Harrison administration. She disassociated from her father following his marriage to her young maternal cousin Mary Dimmick. Early life and marriage Mary Harrison was born in Indianapolis on April 3, 1858, to Benjamin Harrison and Caroline Harrison. She attended private school as a child, and she was taught piano and painting by her mother. She wished to learn\n\nThe Dennis Jubilant was a front engined double decker bus chassis manufactured by Dennis between 1977 and 1981. It was specifically designed for contemporary operating environment (hilly roads and \"one-man-operation\" with a farebox) in Hong Kong. The chassis design featured a set-back front axle, which enabled the front door to be located in front of the front axle, and a strengthened chassis frame. It could be fitted with Gardner 6LXB engine and Voith DIWA 851 automatic gearbox. The orders Kowloon Motor Bus (KMB) received four Dennis Jubilant prototypes for evaluation, they were fitted with KMB's own bodywork (utilising parts from British Aluminium Company) and entered service in 1977/78. After the trial of the prototypes, KMB introduced 209 Jubilants with Alexander KB bodywork between 1979 and 1981, and 150 Jubilants with Duple Metsec bodywork between 1981 and 1982. China Motor Bus (CMB) in Hong Kong ordered 30 Dennis Jubilants with Alexander\n\nQuestion: What's Dennis Jubilant?", "output": "The Dennis Jubilant was a front engined double decker bus chassis manufactured by Dennis between 1977 and 1981."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Runar S\u00f8gaard (born 27 June 1967 in Kongsvinger, Hedmark, Norway) is a Norwegian leadership trainer, life-coach, motivational speaker and former preacher. He was earlier married to singer Carola H\u00e4ggkvist. In 2012 his business Vinger Consulting AB was threatened with bankruptcy following a lawsuit by On Strategies LLC. Activism In April 2005 he created some reaction during a speech in Stockholm, by saying that the Islamic prophet Muhammad had been a pedophile. This led to some condemnation and protests. During the same sermon he also made disparaging remarks about Jesus and Siddharta. S\u00f8gaard received threats from radical Islamists. Author and columnist Jan Guillou at the Aftonbladet news paper called for calm and wrote \"it would be of great harm for Sweden's Muslims if S\u00f8gaard was harmed\". Legal problems In November 2014, S\u00f8gaard was convicted for a third time of violating accounting laws, and sentenced by Nacka district court to two months\n\nRobert Owen Paxton (born June 15, 1932) is an American political scientist and historian specializing in Vichy France, fascism, and Europe during the World War II era. He is Mellon Professor Emeritus of Social Science in the Department of History at Columbia University. He is best known for his 1972 book Vichy France: Old Guard and New Order, which precipitated intense debate in France, and led to a paradigm shift in how the events of the Vichy regime are interpreted. Early life Paxton was born on June 15, 1932, in Lexington, Virginia. After attending secondary school in New England, he received a B.A. from Washington and Lee University in 1954. Later, he won a Rhodes Scholarship and spent two years earning an M.A. at Merton College, Oxford, where he studied under historians including James Joll and John Roberts. He earned a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1963. Career Paxton taught\n\nScolosaurus is an extinct genus of ankylosaurid dinosaurs within the subfamily Ankylosaurinae. It is known from the lower levels of the Dinosaur Park Formation and upper levels of the Oldman Formation in the Late Cretaceous (latest middle Campanian stage, about 76.5 Ma ago) of Alberta, Canada. It contains two species, S. cutleri and S. thronus. The type species, S. cutleri, measured up to in length and in body mass. Discovery Scolosaurus was named by Franz Nopcsa von Fels\u0151-Szilv\u00e1s in 1928, based on holotype NHMUK R.5161, a nearly complete specimen that preserves the entire skeleton except for the distal end of the tail, the right forelimb, the right hindlimb, and the skull. The rare preservation of osteoderms and skin impression are also present. The fossil skeleton was discovered by William Edmund Cutler, an independent fossil collector in 1914 at Quarry 80 of the Deadlodge Canyon locality. It was collected from the\n\nQuestion: What's Scolosaurus?", "output": "Scolosaurus is an extinct genus of ankylosaurid dinosaurs within the subfamily Ankylosaurinae."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Workers' Unity League (WUL) was established in January 1930 as a militant industrial union labour central closely related to the Communist Party of Canada on the instructions of the Communist International. This was reflective of the shift in the Communist International's political line that ushered in its \"Third Period\". Rather than \"boring from within\"\u2014the policy of the \"Second Period\" that encouraged Communists to join mainstream labour unions and progressive organizations in order to move them to the revolutionary left\u2014this new line emphasized creating independent communist organizations. The WUL paralleled similar alternative trade union structures elsewhere: the Trade Union Unity League in the US, and the National Minority Movement in the UK. Some of the unions affiliated with the WUL include the Mine Workers' Union of Canada, Lumber Workers Industrial Union of Canada and the Relief Camp Workers' Union. Unlike both the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada (TLC) and\n\nHigh Leven is a village of Ingleby Barwick in North Yorkshire, England. It is in the borough of Stockton-on-Tees, on top of the River Leven's dell. It has a public house called The Fox Covert (previously Half Moon Inn) and a co-operative food store, open every day 05:00 to 24:00, with an ATM and petrol station. Administration Administratively, this village is in the borough of Stockton-on-Tees, made a unitary authority in 1996, before which High Leven was in the county of Cleveland, a creation of the Local Government Act 1972 which abolished the Stokesley Rural District in the North Riding of Yorkshire. High Leven, which is part of the Ingleby Barwick South ward has three local councilors sitting on Stockton borough council all of whom are members of Ingleby Barwick Independent Society. Geography The village is located to the east of Yarm at the top of Leven Bank. See also\n\nBrockley Combe is a wooded combe near the village of Brockley in North Somerset, England. The combe cuts into the western edge of the Lulsgate Plateau, the Carboniferous limestone hills which form a northern outlier of the Mendips, south west of Bristol. Bristol International Airport lies at the top of the combe. A minor road runs along the length of the combe, meeting the A370 at the lower end, near the village of Brockley. The name arises as a very rare co-joining of two Brythonic words; combe meaning 'a small deep dry valley, easily defended', and Brock meaning 'badger'. Combe is spelt differently in other part of the United Kingdom as Coombe and Coomb, but the meanings are the same. The National Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland, published in 1868, describes Brockley Combe as follows: \"Near the village, on the south-east, is Brockley Coomb, a deep narrow glen, of\n\nQuestion: Tell me what High Leven is.", "output": "High Leven is a village of Ingleby Barwick in North Yorkshire, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Amphiprion rubrocinctus, also known as the Australian clownfish or red anemonefish, is a species of anemonefish that is endemic to north west Australia. Like all anemonefishes it forms a symbiotic mutualism with sea anemones and is unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host anemone. It is a sequential hermaphrodite with a strict sized based dominance hierarchy: the female is largest, the breeding male is second largest, and the male non-breeders get progressively smaller as the hierarchy descends. They exhibit protandry, meaning the breeding male will change to female if the sole breeding female dies, with the largest non-breeder becomes the breeding male. The fish's natural diet includes zooplankton. Description The side of A. rubrocinctus has blackish or dark brown sides with red snout, breast, belly and fins. it has a single white head bar that is often poorly developed and lacking a pronounced black margin. Color variations Some anemonefish\n\nStegopelta (meaning \"roofed shield\") is a genus of struthiosaurin nodosaurid dinosaur. It is based on a partial skeleton from the latest Albian-earliest Cenomanian-age Lower and Upper Cretaceous Belle Fourche Member of the Frontier Formation of Fremont County, Wyoming, USA. History In 1905, Samuel Wendell Williston described FMNH UR88, a partial armored dinosaur skeleton consisting of a maxilla fragment, seven cervical and two dorsal vertebrae, part of a sacrum and both ilia, caudal vertebrae, parts of the scapulae, both humeral heads, portions of an ulna and both radii, a metacarpal, partial tibia, metatarsal, and armor including a shoulder spine and neck ring. The specimen was in poor condition, as it had eroded from a slope and been walked on by cattle. Ankylosaurians being very poorly known, Williston compared his new genus to Stegosaurus, and the armor to that of Glyptodon; like that mammal, Stegopelta had a fused section of armor (in\n\nMillbrook Association Football Club is a football club based in Millbrook, Cornwall, England. They are currently members of the and play at Jenkins Park. History The club was established in 1888. They played in district leagues, including the Plymouth & District League, until joining the South Western League in 1980. The club were South Western League runners-up in 1981\u201382 and finished in the top five every season until 1988\u201389, also reaching the final of the Cornwall Senior Cup in 1983\u201384. After losing another Cornwall Senior Cup final in 1998\u201399, they entered the FA Vase for the first time in 2004\u201305, losing 2\u20131 at home to Exmouth Town. The club remained in the league until it merged with the Devon County League to form the South West Peninsula League in 2007, at which point they were placed in Division One West. After finishing bottom of Division One West in 2008\u201309 and\n\nQuestion: What is Stegopelta?", "output": "Stegopelta is a genus of struthiosaurin nodosaurid dinosaur."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Germany. It is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Freiburg in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Bundesland. It covers the same territory of the former Kingdom of Wurttemberg. History In 1803 a Vicar General for the \"New\" State of Wurttemberg was nominated by Prince Primate Karl Theodor von Dalberg as an auxiliary bishop (Franz Karl Joseph Furst von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingfurst, that consacreted the current Co-Cathedral in Stuttgart, later Bishop of Augsburg ) The Diocese of Rottenburg was established on 16 August 1821 through the papal bull De salute animarum, on territory split off from the suppressed Diocese of Konstanz. With the enthronement of the first bishop, Johann Baptist von Keller, on May 20, 1828, the formation of the diocese was complete. On 18 January 1978, the bishopric was renamed to the current title\n\nBenjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, (21 December 1804 \u2013 19 April 1881) was a British statesman, Conservative politician and writer who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He played a central role in the creation of the modern Conservative Party, defining its policies and its broad outreach. Disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs, his political battles with the Liberal Party leader William Ewart Gladstone, and his one-nation conservatism or \"Tory democracy\". He made the Conservatives the party most identified with the British Empire and military action to expand it, both of which were popular among British voters. He is the only British prime minister to have been born Jewish. He was also a novelist, publishing works of fiction even as prime minister. Disraeli was born in Bloomsbury, then a part of Middlesex. His father left Judaism after a dispute at his synagogue;\n\nThe Austin Marathon (also known as Ascension Seton Austin Marathon presented by Under Armour for sponsorship reasons) is an annual marathon held in Austin, Texas, since 1992. The race weekend also features a half marathon and a 5K run with a two-day expo taking place on Friday and Saturday. The 32nd annual event is scheduled to take place on February 18, 2024. The race begins at 7:00 in the morning and features a highly competitive elite field. It is livestreamed by FloSports. Participants typically include runners from all 50 U.S. states and about 35 countries. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the 2021 edition of the Austin Marathon was postponed to and didn\u2019t include the marathon distance. History It was founded in 1991 by Motorola, who served as title sponsor for fifteen years. The 2021 edition of the marathon was cancelled, while the other races of the weekend were postponed to\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Benjamin Disraeli.", "output": "Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, was a British statesman, Conservative politician and writer who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sucheta Dalal (born 1962) is an Indian business journalist and author. She has been a journalist for over two decades and was awarded a Padma Shri for journalism in 2006. She was the Financial Editor for the Times of India until 1998 when she joined the Indian Express group as a Consulting Editor, leaving in 2008. She is known for exposing the 1992 stock market scam propagated by Harshad Mehta. In 2006, she began to write for Moneylife, a fortnightly magazine on investment started by her husband Debashis Basu. She is now the Managing Editor of Moneylife. In 2010, responding to poor financial literacy in India, she and her husband founded Moneylife Foundation, a not-for-profit organisation based in Mumbai. She is a member of the Investor Education & Protection Fund of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs. In 1992, she was honoured with the Chameli Devi Jain Award for Outstanding Women\n\nWSKG-TV (channel 46) is a PBS member television station in Binghamton, New York, United States. It is owned by the WSKG Public Telecommunications Council alongside NPR members WSKG-FM (89.3) and WSQX-FM (91.5). The three stations share studios on Gates Road in Vestal, New York; WSKG-TV's transmitter is located on Ingraham Hill in the town of Binghamton. WSKA (channel 30) in Corning operates as a full-time satellite of WSKG-TV; this station's transmitter is located on Higman Hill. WSKA covers areas of south-central New York and north-central Pennsylvania that receive a marginal to non-existent over-the-air signal from WSKG, although there is significant overlap between the two stations' contours otherwise. WSKA is a straight simulcast of WSKG; on-air references to WSKA are limited to Federal Communications Commission (FCC)-mandated hourly station identifications during programming. Aside from the transmitter, WSKA does not maintain any physical presence in Corning or Elmira. WSKA had begun broadcasting as\n\nThe Ala-Archa Nature Park (, ) is an alpine national park in the Tian Shan mountains of Kyrgyzstan, located approximately 35 km south of the capital city of Bishkek. Established in 1976, it currently covers 16,485 hectares. Name The nature park is named after the river Ala-Archa which flows through it. In Kyrgyz, the archa, which gives the river and the park its name, is a bright or many-colored juniper which the Kyrgyz people have traditionally held in special esteem, using smoke from its burning wood to chase away evil spirits. However, the archa is not supposed to be planted near the home, because it is believed gradually to sap the energy from human beings living close-by. Geography The park covers about 165 square kilometers, and its altitude ranges from about 1,500 meters at the entrance to a maximum of 4,895 meters at Semenov-Tian-Shansky Peak, the highest peak in the\n\nQuestion: Define Ala-Archa Nature Park.", "output": "The Ala-Archa Nature Park is an alpine national park in the Tian Shan mountains of Kyrgyzstan, located approximately 35\u00a0km south of the capital city of Bishkek."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Midyat (, , , ) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,241 km2, and its population is 120,069 (2022). In the modern era, the town is populated by Assyrians, Kurds and Mhallami people. The old Estel neighborhood is about 80 to 85% Kurdish-populated. History Assyrian tablets from 9th century BC refer to Midyat as Matiate. During a campaign in 879 BC, the Assyrian king Assurnasirpal II and his army marched through the city, staying for two nights. His successor, the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III did the same in 845 BC. The tablets also described how Assurnasirpal II erected a monument in the city, which remains to be found. The archaeological site Matiate is located below the town and is assumed to have been in use for about 1,900 years and at its peak been inhabited by up to 70,000 people. The leading Assyrian Syriac\n\nBandy is a winter sport and ball sport played by two teams wearing ice skates on a large ice surface (either indoors or outdoors) while using sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal. The playing surface, called a bandy field or bandy rink, is a sheet of ice which measures 90\u2013110 metres by 45\u201365 metres, about the size of a football pitch. The field is considerably larger than the ice rinks commonly used for ice hockey. The sport is considered a form of hockey and has a common background with association football, ice hockey, shinty and field hockey. Bandy's origins are debatable, but its first rules were organised and published in England in 1882. Internationally, bandy's strongest nations in both men's and women's competitions at present are Sweden and Russia; both countries have established professional men's bandy leagues. In Russia, it is estimated that more than one\n\nThe Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force (NDPVF) is one of the largest armed groups in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and is composed primarily of members of the region's largest ethnic group\u2014the Ijaw people. The group was founded in 2004 in an attempt to gain more control over the region's vast petroleum resources, particularly in Delta State. The NDPVF has frequently demanded a greater share of the oil wealth from both the state and federal government and has occasionally supported independence for the Delta region. Until 2005 the group was spearheaded by Alhaji Mujahid Dokubo-Asari, who is viewed by many Delta residents as a folk hero. History The Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force was organised in late 2003 after the 2003 Nigerian presidential election by Asari Dokubo and British Columbos Epibade. The idea was conceived by Dokubo after he exited as the president of the Ijaw Youth Council. The\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Bandy is.", "output": "Bandy is a winter sport and ball sport played by two teams wearing ice skates on a large ice surface while using sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "There are a wide range of ways in which people have represented the Trojan War in literature and the arts. Art Painting The pre-war episodes of Leda and the Swan and the Judgement of Paris were frequent subjects in art from the Renaissance onwards. Laoco\u00f6n, c.1610\u20131614, a painting by El Greco. from The National Gallery of Art Helen of Troy by Evelyn De Morgan Fifty Days at Iliam by Cy Twombly, painted in 1978 Sketches of Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, illustrating the fall of Troy Mosaic In a Roman villa complex at the Rutland (East Midlands, United Kingdom), dating back to the 3rd and 4th century AD, archaeologists discovered a mosaic depicting the fight between Achilles and Hector. Pottery Innumerable ancient items, including: the Trojan War was a classic subject for the Pottery of ancient Greece (for example see the potter Exekias and certain bands of the Fran\u00e7ois Vase). the Mykonos\n\nTejaswini Sawant (born 12 September 1980) is an Indian shooter from the Maharashtrian city of Kolhapur. Her father Ravindra Sawant was an officer in the Indian Navy. Biography Tejaswini born to father Ravindra and mother Sunita in Kolhapur. She has two younger sisters Anuradha Pitre and Vijaymala Gavali. Her father died in February 2010. She started her practice under the coaching of Jaisingh Kusale in Kolhapur. She is training under her personal coach Kuheli Gangulee. Tejaswini was also appointed as officer on special duty (OSD) in the sports department. Tejaswini received the Arjuna award on 29 August 2011. Tejasvini Savant got married on 11 Feb 2016 with Well known Social Figure and Builder by profession Sameer Darekar of Pune. Career She earned her Tokyo berth after finishing fifth in the qualifications with a score of 1171 in the final of Asian Championship. In 2010 in Munich, Sawant became the world\n\nQuenton Terrell Lowery (born October 25, 1970) is an American former baseball player for the Chicago Cubs, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, and San Francisco Giants. High school Lowery attended Oakland Technical High School, graduating with a 25-points per game average in basketball and numerous all-area and all-state awards. College During his college basketball career at Loyola Marymount he appeared in an Elite Eight game, losing to UNLV. He was a teammate of Bo Kimble. He was the person who fed the alley-oop to Hank Gathers moments before Gathers' death. Personal life Terrell is currently married to Denise, and they have three children. References External links 1970 births Living people Chicago Cubs players Loyola Marymount Lions baseball players Loyola Marymount Lions men's basketball players Tampa Bay Devil Rays players San Francisco Giants players Major League Baseball center fielders Baseball players from Oakland, California Basketball players from Oakland, California African-American baseball players\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Trojan War in literature and the arts is.", "output": "There are a wide range of ways in which people have represented the Trojan War in literature and the arts."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Turks in Germany, also referred to as German Turks and Turkish Germans (; ), are ethnic Turkish people living in Germany. These terms are also used to refer to German-born individuals who are of full or partial Turkish ancestry. Whilst the majority of Turks arrived or originate from Turkey, there are also significant ethnic Turkish communities living in Germany who come from (or descend from) Southeastern Europe (i.e. Balkan Turks from Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Serbia and Romania), the island of Cyprus (i.e. Turkish Cypriots from both the Republic of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus), as well as Turkish communities from other parts of the Levant (including Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria). At present, ethnic Turkish people form the largest ethnic minority in Germany. They also form the largest Turkish population in the Turkish diaspora. Turks who immigrated to Germany brought cultural elements with them, including the Turkish language. History Turkish migration\n\nAnacharsis (; ) was a Scythian prince and philosopher of uncertain historicity who lived in the 6th century BC. Life Anacharsis was the brother of the Scythian king Saulius, and both of them were the sons of the previous Scythian king, Gnurus. Few concrete details are known about the life of the historical Anacharsis. He is known to have travelled to Greece, where he possibly became influenced by Greek culture. Anacharsis was later killed by his brother Saulius for having sacrificed to the Scythian ancestral Snake-Legged Goddess at her shrine in the country of Hylaea by performing an orgiastic and shamanistic ritual at night during which he wore images on his dress and played drums. The ancient Greek author, Herodotus of Halicarnassus, claimed that Anacharsis had been killed because he had renounced Scythian customs and adopted Greek ones, although this claim was likely invented by Herodotus himself. The religious rituals\n\nChiaroscuro: The Private Lives of Leonardo da Vinci is a Vertigo comic book limited series published from 1995 to 1996, which was repackaged in 2005 as a single volume. The series was written by Pat McGreal and David Rawson and illustrated by Chaz Truog and Rafael Kayanan. The original series covers were done by Stephen John Philips and Richard Bruning. Plot A work of historical fiction, Chiaroscuro narrates the life of Leonardo da Vinci from the point of view of Gian Giacomo Caprotti da Oreno (almost exclusively called Salai in the story), a beautiful young man Leonardo adopted as a boy. It shows the influence of their relationship on Leonardo's life and work. In characterizing Salai as scheming, ambitious and selfish, the novel posits that several events in Leonardos's life occurred at least partly because of his manipulations. The work also speculates a possible homosexual relationship between Leonardo and Salai.\n\nQuestion: What is Anacharsis?", "output": "Anacharsis was a Scythian prince and philosopher of uncertain historicity who lived in the 6th century BC."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre () (KFSH&RC) is tertiary referral hospital in Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia. Overview As a tertiary referral hospital, it offers primary and highly specialized inpatient and outpatient medical care and participates in clinical and research studies. Overall, it has been ranked 600th globally. A large portion of the patient population are referrals from other hospitals from across Saudi Arabia as a whole and the surrounding regions. History KFSH&RC was established in 1970 on land donated by King Faisal and was officially opened in 1975 by King Khalid. From 1973 to 1985, the hospital was administered by the Hospital Corporation of America (HCA). In 1985, following a Royal Decree, the contract with HCA ended and the responsibility for the administration and operation of the hospital's premises was undertaken by a national team. The following are some key developments: In 1997, The\n\nOlga Kennard, Lady Burgen ( Weisz; 23 March 1924 \u2013 1 March 2023) was a Hungarian-born British scientist who specialised in crystallography. She was the founder of the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. Kennard's research focused on determining the structures of organic molecules, including the first three-dimensional structure of adenosine triphosphate and particularly the different forms of DNA. Together with JD Bernal she believed in the value of collating scientific data in a central archive, this began the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), collating crystal structures of mainly organic molecules. Kennard was also involved, at CSD, in the founding of the Protein Data Bank, and of the EMBL nucleotide sequence data library (later, European Nucleotide Archive). Early life and education Kennard was born in Budapest, Hungary on 23 March 1924, to Joir and Catherina Weisz. She moved to the United Kingdom at the age of 15 with her family in the face\n\nResi Stiegler ( (born November 14, 1985) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from the United States. She primarily raced in the technical events and specialized in slalom. Born and raised in Jackson, Wyoming, Stiegler is the daughter of Olympic champion Josef \"Pepi\" Stiegler of Austria. She began skiing at age two and racing at six at Jackson Hole. Junior Olympic and Nor-Am success while still a teenager led to a berth on the U.S. Ski Team; she made her World Cup debut at age 17 in December 2002 at a slalom in Lenzerheide, Switzerland, where she finished a remarkable eleventh. At the 2003 Junior World Championships in France, she won bronze medals in slalom and combined, to which she added a tenth-place finish in combined at the \"grown-up\" World Championships that year in St. Moritz, Switzerland. Through March 2016, Stiegler has 21 World Cup top-ten finishes, with\n\nQuestion: Tell me what King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre is.", "output": "The King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre is tertiary referral hospital in Riyadh, the capital city of Saudi Arabia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Woolston is a suburb of Southampton, Hampshire, located on the eastern bank of the River Itchen. It is bounded by the River Itchen, Sholing, Peartree Green, Itchen and Weston. The area has a strong maritime and aviation history. The former hamlet grew as new industries, roads and railways came to the area in the Victorian era with Woolston formally incorporated into the borough of Southampton in 1920. History Woolston is believed to originate from Olafs tun, a fortified tun on the East bank of the River Itchen established by the Viking leader Olaf I of Norway in the 10th Century. In the Domesday Book of 1086, the area is recorded as Olvestune. The area now known as Woolston is certain to have received consignments of wool to be ferried across the River Itchen, Hampshire by the inhabitants of Itchen Ferry village. The evolution of Olvestune into \"Woolston\" is a result\n\nVennard College was a non-denominational Christian college located in University Park, Iowa, located just outside of Oskaloosa, Iowa. It was announced on Nov. 12, 2008 that the college would close at the end of the 2008 fall semester due to a decline in enrollment and financial difficulty. The college held its final commencement on Nov. 22, 2008 and it is now closed. History In 1910, Dr. Iva Durham Vennard founded Chicago Evangelistic Institute (CEI) in Chicago, Illinois, for the purpose of providing \"effective training for Christian service.\" Her stated goals were to send Spirit-filled people into the ministry and to promote Scriptural Holiness. In 1951, the school moved to University Park, Iowa, where it was renamed Vennard College in 1959. The move to the beautiful, rural setting brought Vennard into a familial relationship with the graduates of the three other Christian colleges which formerly occupied the campus: Central Holiness University,\n\nThe Gepr\u00fcfte Sicherheit (\"Tested Safety\") or GS mark is a voluntary certification mark for technical equipment. It indicates that the equipment meets German and, if available, European safety requirements for such devices. The main difference between GS and CE mark is that the compliance with the European safety requirements has been tested and certified by a state-approved independent body. CE marking, in contrast, is issued for the signing of a declaration that the product is in compliance with European legislation. The GS mark is based on the German Product Safety Act (\"Produktsicherheitsgesetz\", or \"ProdSG\"). Testing for the mark is available from many different laboratories, such as, DGUV Test the T\u00dcV, Nemko and IMQ. Although the GS mark was designed with the German market in mind, it appears on a large proportion of electronic products and machinery sold elsewhere in the world. See also CE mark UL mark References External links\n\nQuestion: What is Woolston, Southampton", "output": "Woolston is a suburb of Southampton, Hampshire, located on the eastern bank of the River Itchen."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mary Scott McKee (nee Harrison; April 3, 1858 \u2013 October 28, 1930) was the acting First Lady of the United States for her father Benjamin Harrison. She lived in the White House for the duration of her father's presidency where she worked as an assistant to her mother, first lady Caroline Harrison. She became the acting first lady after her mother's death in October 1892 and remained in the role for the final months of her father's presidency. McKee's young son, known as Baby Harrison, was a popular national figure during the Harrison administration. She disassociated from her father following his marriage to her young maternal cousin Mary Dimmick. Early life and marriage Mary Harrison was born in Indianapolis on April 3, 1858, to Benjamin Harrison and Caroline Harrison. She attended private school as a child, and she was taught piano and painting by her mother. She wished to learn\n\nMark Leo Turgeon (born February 5, 1965) is an American college basketball coach. Turgeon served as the head men's basketball coach at Jacksonville State University from 1998 to 2000, Wichita State University from 2000 to 2007, Texas A&M University from 2007 to 2011 and University of Maryland, College Park from 2011 to 2021. Personal Turgeon was born and raised as one of five children in Topeka, Kansas. After graduating from Hayden High School, Turgeon attended The University of Kansas, where he earned a bachelor's degree in personnel administration in 1987. He is married to Ann Fowler, whom he met at KU, and together they have three children. Playing career Turgeon played basketball at Hayden High School, helping the team post a 47-3 record and capture two consecutive Class 4A state championships in 1982 and 1983. Turgeon earned All-State Tournament team honors in both of those years. Although only 5 feet\n\nJinling Hotel Nanjing () is a hotel in Nanjing, China, located near the city's Xinjiekou district. \"Jinling\" is an old name for Nanjing which is often used to refer to the city in a poetic context. The hotel was Nanjing's first modern hotel managed by Chinese and is still often regarded as the pre-eminent five-star hotel in Nanjing. Jinling Hotel was the highest building in China until 1985, while Baiyun Hotel in Guangzhou built earlier was taller if including its antenna. The hotel also has nine restaurants of differing cuisine types. The Jinling Hotel Nanjing involves in many businesses such as chain fast food restaurants, travel agency services, car rental, communications, and advertising. Jinling Hotel was designed by Palmer & Turner Group\uff0cP&T, an architectural firm in Hong Kong. P&T company designed Jinling Hotel's I, II, III phase building and Asia Pacific Tower. Overview Location Jinling Hotel is located on Hanzhong\n\nQuestion: Who is Mark Turgeon?", "output": "Mark Leo Turgeon is an American college basketball coach."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ejnar Mikkelsen (23 December 1880 \u2013 1 May 1971) was a Danish polar explorer and writer. He is most known for his expeditions to Greenland. Biography Mikkelsen was born on 23 December 1880, in Vester Br\u00f8nderslev, Jutland. In 1900, he served in the Georg Carl Amdrup expedition to Christian IX Land in East Greenland. He then served in the Baldwin-Ziegler North Pole Expedition to Franz Joseph Land, which took place from 1900 to 1902. With Ernest de Koven Leffingwell, he organized the Anglo-American polar expedition which wintered off Flaxman Island, Alaska, in 1906\u201307. They lost their ship, but in a sledge journey over the ice, they located the continental shelf of the Arctic Ocean, offshore, where in a span of , the sea's depth increased from to more than . Mikkelsen organized an expedition to map the northeast coast of Greenland and to recover the bodies of the ill-fated Denmark\n\nPaul Langmack (born 10 May 1965) is an Australian former rugby league coach and representative and premiership-winning player. Langmack won three premierships with the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs in the mid-eighties. He later joined the Western Suburbs Magpies to become just the fifth player to play 100 games with two different teams. Playing career While attending Fairfield Patrician Brothers, Langmack captained the Australian Schoolboys team in 1982. Langmack won three premierships as a member of the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs in 1984, 1985 and 1988, and later played for and captained Western Suburbs. In 1987, he became the youngest player in history to register 100 top-grade games at the age of 22 years 26 days. Langmack was named Rugby League Week player of the year in 1992. In 1999 former teammate Phil Gould brought Langmack to the Sydney City club, he played one final season \u2013 a season that didn't reach any great heights,\n\nLlanvaches or Llanfaches is a village and community parish within the boundaries of the city of Newport, Wales. It lies to the east of the urban area, in the historic county of Monmouthshire and the preserved county of Gwent. The population rose to 402 by the 2011 census. Location Llanvaches is located roughly midway between the market town of Chepstow and the centre of Newport. The village lies just north of the A48 road and below Wentwood, with both Newport centre and Chepstow about distant. History The village is named after Saint Maches (Latin: Machuta), a daughter of Saint Gwynllyw or Woolos and sister of Saint Cadoc, who according to tradition lived a humble life as a shepherdess in the 5th century but was killed by robbers stealing her finest ram. Saint Tathan, Abbot of nearby Caerwent, to whom the murderers confessed their crime, built a church on the spot\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Paul Langmack.", "output": "Paul Langmack is an Australian former rugby league coach and representative and premiership-winning player."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The reticulate banded gecko or reticulated gecko (Coleonyx reticulatus) is a species of small gecko native to the United States (Texas) and Mexico (Coahuila). Description Reticulate banded geckos can grow to 6.5 inches long, and are a pink or brown color with brown or black spots, sometimes with faint banding. They can easily be mistaken for the Texas banded gecko as they share habitat, but the reticulate banded gecko grows to a larger size. They resemble leopard geckos. Behavior It is nocturnal and carnivorous, consuming almost any small species of arthropod. They are found in semi-arid, rocky areas. They are capable of vocalizations, and sometimes will emit squeaking sounds if handled. Conservation concerns The reticulate banded gecko is listed as a threatened species in the state of Texas, as it only occurs in two counties, but its habitat is fairly remote and not easily accessible and is not under immediate\n\nNancy Grace Roman (pronounced \"Roman\"; May 16, 1925 \u2013 December 25, 2018) was an American astronomer who made important contributions to stellar classification and motions. The first female executive at NASA, Roman served as NASA's first Chief of Astronomy throughout the 1960s and 1970s, establishing her as one of the \"visionary founders of the US civilian space program\". She created NASA's space astronomy program and is known to many as the \"Mother of Hubble\" for her foundational role in planning the Hubble Space Telescope. Throughout her career, Roman was an active public speaker and educator, and an advocate for women in the sciences. In May 2020, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine announced that the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope would be named the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope in recognition of her enduring contributions to astronomy. Early life Nancy Grace Roman was born in Nashville, Tennessee, to music teacher Georgia Frances\n\nThe spectacled triplefin (Ruanoho whero) is a triplefin in the genus Ruanoho. It is commonly found around New Zealand from depths of a few metres to about 30 m, most common in reef areas of broken rock. Its length is between 4 and 8 cm and its head is flattened with large eyes surrounded by a dark band giving rise to its common name. The head and fins have a pattern of fine blue lines. Its large pectoral fins are used as props when resting on the bottom where it spends most of its time. In the breeding season in winter and spring the males become darker, with a blue/black head and black first dorsal fin, and dark bars on the body. The specific name is a M\u0101ori word meaning \"red\", a reference to the diagonal reddish striping on its body. References Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox, Collins Guide to\n\nQuestion: What is Nancy Roman?", "output": "Nancy Grace Roman was an American astronomer who made important contributions to stellar classification and motions."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rose Troche (; ; born 1964) is an American film and television director, television producer, and screenwriter. Early life and education Troche was born to Puerto Rican parents and grew up on the north side of Chicago. In an interview she stated, \"My parents thought moving to the suburbs was a sign of success,\" and \"We were always the family that made everyone say, 'There goes the neighborhood.'\" She and her family moved to the suburbs when she was a teen. She started working part-time at a movie theater where her interest in film developed. She earned her undergraduate degree in art history from the University of Illinois at Chicago and went on to get a graduate degree in film. Personal life Troche is a lesbian. She met Guinevere Turner (her then partner) in the early 1990s. They began to work on a film based on their own experiences and\n\nA net premium valuation is an actuarial calculation, used to place a value on the liabilities of a life insurer. Background It involves calculating a present value for the contractual liabilities of a contract, and deducting the value of future premiums. Both contractual liabilities, and future premiums in this calculation allow only for mortality and interest. The key with a net premium valuation is that the premiums being valued are theoretical measures - they make no reference to the actual premiums being charged by the insurer. This technique is a well-established actuarial valuation method, that became popular because of its simplicity, consistency, and ease of calculation. New methods With the advent of computers, the more complicated so-called gross premium valuation calculation (which is also more realistic than the net premium valuation) has become much more feasible, and is displacing the archaic net premium valuation further from its historical position of\n\nLegacy Recordings is an American record label that is a division of Sony Music. Formed in 1990 after Sony's acquisition of CBS Records, Legacy originally handled the archives of Sony Music-owned labels Columbia Records and Epic Records. In 2004, under the Sony BMG joint venture, the label began to manage the archives of RCA Records, J Records, Windham Hill Records, Arista, LaFace, Jive, and Buddah Records. Legacy Recordings also distributes Philadelphia International Records and the catalog of recordings produced by Phil Spector. It is not related to the defunct British independent label Legacy Records. Reissues The Essential series are one- or two-disc compilations of an artist's extensive catalog. On occasion, certain albums in this series would include a limited edition third disc (labeled Essential 3.0), or be revised to include an artist's newer work (for example The Essential Bob Dylan). , several volumes in the Essential series are available on\n\nQuestion: Who was Rose Troche?", "output": "Rose Troche is an American film and television director, television producer, and screenwriter."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Carolynne Willey (born 5 August 1980) is a British singer-songwriter, actress and former model from Leeds, England. She is a founding member of the Carolynne Good Band, based in Leeds and London. She is best known for finishing in third place on the second series of the BBC singing competition Fame Academy in 2003. In 2011, Willey was a contestant on The X Factor and made it to the judges' houses' stage of the competition. She returned to the show the following series in 2012 and made it to the live shows, but was eliminated after the first live show following a sing-off against Rylan Clark. Early and personal life Carolynne Good was born in Leeds, Yorkshire. She attended Pudsey Grangefield High School. She was previously married to footballer David Poole. In August 2015, Good announced that she was in a relationship with England cricketer David Willey, whom she married\n\nThe Weapons Cache Case (, ) was a Finnish military plan to continue battle after the ceasefire in 1944, if needed. It concerned a secret and officially unsanctioned military operation following the end of combat on the Soviet\u2013Finnish theater of WWII known as the Continuation War, where a large amount of Finnish Army weapons and equipment was hidden in caches scattered around the country. Background Following the Moscow Armistice of September 19, 1944, two high-ranking officers in the Operational department of Finnish Military HQ, Colonel Valo Nihtil\u00e4 and Lieutenant Colonel Usko Haahti, started planning countermeasures against a possible Soviet occupation of the country. They came up with the idea of decentralized storage of light infantry weapons, so that in case of occupation, an immediate guerrilla war could be launched. During the demobilization, an organization responsible for hiding the equipment was created and war materiel and other supplies were given to\n\n\"Rabbit in Your Headlights\" is a song by British electronic duo Unkle. It was released as the lead single from their debut album Psyence Fiction (1998). The song features vocals from Radiohead singer Thom Yorke. The song was written by Yorke and Unkle member Josh Davis and produced by Unkle, the track heavily uses samples from other songs. \"Rabbit in Your Headlights\" combines Yorke's vocals with a variety of samples from sources ranging from Dutch band Supersister to the film Contact (1997). It takes its title from a quote from the thriller film Jacob's Ladder (1990); dialogue from the film is also one of many samples on the song. The song also appears to sample the percussion from Talk Talk's \"New Grass\" from their album Laughing Stock (1991). While the single was not a commercial success, it was positively received by critics. Pitchfork credited \"Rabbit in Your Headlights\" as a\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Carolynne Poole.", "output": "Carolynne Willey is a British singer-songwriter, actress and former model from Leeds, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Metallurg Novokuznetsk () is a professional ice hockey team from Siberia based in Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. They are currently members of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL). History The team was founded in 1949 in Novokuznetsk (then Stalinsk) to compete in the lower divisions of the Soviet ice hockey championship. During the 1960s, Metallurg managed to advance to the elite group for several seasons, but did not establish itself as a major club until the 1990s when the International Hockey League was formed. During the first years of the post-Soviet era, Novokuznetsk significantly improved its roster with players from the Ust-Kamenogorsk school. The team's downfall began in 2004 when its managerial staff moved to SKA Saint Petersburg signing the best players from Novokuznetsk. Despite that the team was able to rebuild itself and years later joined the Kontinental Hockey League in 2008. Following the 2016\u201317 season, with the KHL in\n\nThe Gaming Industry Report Magazine (or GIR Magazine for short) was a subscription-based bimonthly video game trade journal that was published by GNB News Group until 2006. The Gaming Industry Report Magazine was shut down in 2006. However, it was relaunched as a free online magazine by GNB News Group in January 2006. Then in 2007 JEMS Media Group had plans to relaunch the publication in 2007 as a video game newspaper instead of a magazine. The Gaming Industry Report is currently being run by Jeremy Meyer who holds the position of publisher and editor in chief. The magazine covers all aspects of the business of the video game industry in the US, regulation, technology, finance, and journalism. GIR is dedicated to providing the most comprehensive weekly analysis on the business of video games, and offers a forum for industry debate and criticism of the medium. References Online magazines published\n\nRachel Saint (January 2, 1914 \u2013 November 11, 1994) was an American evangelical Christian missionary who worked in Ecuador. Rachel Saint was born in Wyncote, Pennsylvania. She attended the Philadelphia School of the Bible (now Cairn University) and then worked at the Keswick Colony of Mercy in New Jersey. Career Saint was sent out by the Wycliffe Bible Translators, trained by Summer Institute of Linguistics (now SIL International). Her first missionary assignment was to the Piro and Shapira in Peru, but she had an interest in the Huaorani people of Ecuador. In February 1955, she and Catherine Peeke went to a missionary station near Huaorani territory, where Saint's brother was working. Rachel Saint started learning the Huaorani language with the help of Dayuma, a Huaorani woman who had left her people after a dispute and was sheltered by missionaries. In January 1956, five missionaries in the area were killed by\n\nQuestion: What is Metallurg Novokuznetsk", "output": "Metallurg Novokuznetsk is a professional ice hockey team from Siberia based in Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Oblast, Russia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alexandra () is the feminine form of the given name Alexander (, ). Etymologically, the name is a compound of the Greek verb (; meaning 'to defend') and (; GEN , ; meaning 'man'). Thus it may be roughly translated as \"defender of man\" or \"protector of man\". The name Alexandra was one of the epithets given to the Greek goddess Hera and as such is usually taken to mean \"one who comes to save warriors\". The earliest attested form of the name is the Mycenaean Greek ( or //), written in the Linear B syllabic script. Alexandra and its masculine equivalent, Alexander, are both common names in Greece as well as countries where Germanic, Romance, and Slavic languages are spoken. Variants Alejandra, Alejandrina (diminutive) (Spanish) Aleksandra (\u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430) (Albanian, Bulgarian, Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian) Alessandra (Italian) Alessia (Italian) Alex (various languages) Alexa (English, Romanian, Spanish) Alexandra (English,\n\nAbd ar-Rahman II () (792\u2013852) was the fourth Umayyad Emir of C\u00f3rdoba in al-Andalus from 822 until his death. A vigorous and effective frontier warrior, he was also well known as a patron of the arts. Abd ar-Rahman was born in Toledo, the son of Emir al-Hakam I. In his youth he took part in the so-called \"massacre of the ditch\", when 72 nobles and hundreds of their attendants were massacred at a banquet by order of al-Hakam. He succeeded his father as Emir of C\u00f3rdoba in 822 and for 20 years engaged in nearly continuous warfare against Alfonso II of Asturias, whose southward advance he halted. In 825, he had a new city, Murcia, built, and proceeded to settle it with Arab loyalists to ensure stability. In 835, he confronted rebellious citizens of M\u00e9rida by having a large internal fortress built. In 837, he suppressed a revolt of Christians\n\nRiverton is a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia. Riverton is named for the southern Perth suburb of Riverton, which falls within its borders. History Riverton was created at the 1988 redistribution, replacing the abolished district of Clontarf, which had been a safe Liberal seat since a redistribution prior to the 1977 election. Riverton was first contested at the 1989 election, at which Liberal Party member Graham Kierath was successful. He served as a minister in the Court government, and held the seat until his unexpected defeat at the 2001 election on a 10.16% swing. The seat was then held by Tony McRae of the Labor Party, until his defeat by the Liberal Party's Mike Nahan at the 2008 election. McRae was the Minister for Environment, Climate Change and Disability Services between 2006 and 2008. Mike Nahan retired at the 2021 election, and the seat was won\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Electoral district of Riverton is.", "output": "Riverton is a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kezar Pavilion, located adjacent to Kezar Stadium, is an indoor arena in the southeast corner of Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California, United States (US). Built in 1924, the Pavilion seats 4,000 people and is owned and operated by the City of San Francisco. The San Francisco Rumble, of the American Basketball Association, and the Academy of Art Urban Knights, an NCAA Division II school, call Kezar Pavilion their home court. Sports The University of San Francisco basketball team used Kezar Pavilion before War Memorial Gymnasium was constructed. The Santa Clara Broncos also used the pavilion for home games from 1927 until World War II, due to alumni and fans being centrally located in San Francisco. The most regular tenant of Kezar Pavilion was the co-ed roller derby team, the San Francisco Bay Bombers. The Bombers skated home games at the venue from 1961 to the end of the original\n\nCharles Nelson Herreid (October 20, 1857 \u2013 July 6, 1928) was the fourth Governor of South Dakota. Biography Charles Herreid was born in Dane County, Wisconsin. His parents, Nels Olson Herreid (1832\u20131902) and Thone Kittelson Herreid (1833\u20131908), were both Norwegian immigrants. He attended Galesville University in Wisconsin from 1874 to 1878 and the University of Wisconsin from 1880 to 1882. He married Jeannette E. Slye in 1881 and he moved to McPherson County, South Dakota in 1883. There he served as a McPherson County court judge from 1888 to 1891. Career Herreid was elected Lieutenant Governor of the new State of South Dakota from 1892 to 1896. He chaired the Republican State Central Committee from 1898 until 1900, when he was elected governor. Herreid, a Republican from Eureka, South Dakota, served from 1901 to 1905. He had previously served as the third Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota from 1893 to\n\nThe Heraea was an ancient Greek festival in which young girls competed in a footrace. The race was held every four years at Olympia, and probably took place around the same time as the ancient Olympic Games. Overview Not much is known about the Heraea, but most of our knowledge comes from Pausanias' Description of Greece. The date that the festival began is uncertain. Pausanias says that the games are (, \"old\"). There is evidence for cult activity in Olympia as far back as the tenth century BC, but the earliest cultic activity at the site appears to centre around the cult of Zeus; the cult of Hera was certainly in place by about 600 BC, when the first temple of Hera at Olympia was built. It is uncertain whether the races were an original feature of the festival, or a later addition. One story in Pausanias associates the sixteen\n\nQuestion: What is Heraean Games?", "output": "The Heraea was an ancient Greek festival in which young girls competed in a footrace."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Paul Themba Nyathi is a Zimbabwean opposition politician, the director of elections for the Arthur Mutambara-led faction of the Movement for Democratic Change and a member of the Pan-African Parliament from Zimbabwe. Nyathi was a teacher who joined the Zimbabwe African People's Union of Joshua Nkomo, fighting against the white-minority government of Ian Smith. He became a provincial executive member and was arrested and imprisoned in 1976. He was released in 1979 just prior to majority rule and the establishment of Zimbabwe. He was a member of the ZAPU central committee from 1979 until the party's Unity Accord with ZANU in 1987 created ZANU-PF. Nyathi has three sons, Ndumiso, Nicholas and Jabulani, two daughters Zibi and Sibongile. In 1999 Nyathi became a founder member of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change, and a member of the national executive. Nyathi won the Matabeleland South constituency of Gwanda North for the MDC\n\nMad Dog II: The Lost Gold is a live-action laserdisc video game produced by American Laser Games, released for the arcade, Sega CD, 3DO, CD-i and DOS, the first release being in 1992; the quality of the video is the lowest on Sega CD. A sequel to the moderately popular Mad Dog McCree, the game abandoned the rather simple style of the original, introducing elements that can be considered \"Hollywood\", including dynamic shootout scenes and in-game music, as opposed to the original's almost complete lack thereof. Like the first game, the player follows the storyline and is required to quickly shoot certain enemies to proceed on the quest. The game was re-released by Digital Leisure in 2003 on DVD-Video and again in 2009 on the Wii as part of the Mad Dog McCree Gunslinger Pack, a compilation that also includes the first Mad Dog game as well as The Last\n\nAmathus or Amathous () was an ancient city and one of the ancient royal cities of Cyprus until about 300 BC. Some of its remains can be seen today on the southern coast in front of Agios Tychonas, about west of Larnaca and east of Limassol. Its ancient cult sanctuary of Aphrodite was the second most important in Cyprus, her homeland, after Paphos. Archaeological work has recently been continued at the site and many finds are exhibited in the Limassol Museum. History Pre-history and ancient era The pre-history of Amathus survives in both myth and archaeology. Archaeology has detected human activity from the earliest Iron Age, BC. The city's legendary founder was Cinyras, linked with the birth of Adonis, who called the city after his mother Amathous. According to a version of the Ariadne legend noted by Plutarch, Theseus abandoned Ariadne at Amathousa, where she died giving birth to her\n\nQuestion: Define Mad Dog II: The Lost Gold.", "output": "Mad Dog II: The Lost Gold is a live-action laserdisc video game produced by American Laser Games, released for the arcade, Sega CD, 3DO, CD-i and DOS, the first release being in 1992; the quality of the video is the lowest on Sega CD."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Home Work Convention, created in 1996, is an International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention, which came into force in 2000. It offers protection to workers who are employed in their own homes. Overview It was established in 1996, with the preamble stating: The Convention provides protection for home workers, giving them equal rights with regard to workplace health and safety, social security rights, access to training, remuneration, minimum age of employment, maternity protection, and other rights. Objectives of the Home Work Convention The term home work means remote work done by a person in a place other than the workplace of the employer. The term employer describes a person, who, either directly or through an intermediary, provides home work in pursuance of his or her business. Each member of the Convention aims the continuous improving the situation of homeworkers. The intention of the convention is to strengthen the principle of equal\n\nThe Contra Dam, commonly known as the Verzasca Dam and the Locarno Dam, is an arch dam on the Verzasca River in the Val Verzasca of Ticino, Switzerland. The dam creates Lago di Vogorno upstream of Lake Maggiore and supports the 105 MW Verzasca hydroelectric power station. It was constructed between 1961 and 1965 and starting shortly after its reservoir was filled, a series of earthquakes related to its water load occurred until 1971. The dam is owned and operated by Verzasca SA and is the fourth tallest in Switzerland. The dam became a popular bungee jumping venue after a James Bond stuntman jumped off it in the opening scene of the 1995 film GoldenEye; a stunt voted as the best movie stunt of all time in a 2002 Sky Movies poll. Background On May 6, 1960, Verzasca SA was formed to construct the dam as the center-piece of the\n\nIgalo (, ) is a small town in the Herceg Novi Municipality of Montenegro. It is accessible via the E65/E80 north headed to Dubrovnik, Croatia. According to the 2003 Census, it has a population of 3,754. The town adjoins Herceg Novi and is administratively divided leaving no clear division between the towns. Overview Located on the slopes of Mount Orjen, Igalo is regionally famous for the \"DR Simo Milo\u0161evi\u0107\" Institute, a Mediterranean themed health spa which formerly attracted many tourists. Architect Aleksandar \u0110or\u0111evic built this Institute. The institute is one of the unique hospitals and spas in the Balkans. Though the effects of the Yugoslav Wars limited Igalo's attractiveness as a tourist destination, it nonetheless remains a popular resort for tourists from the surrounding region. Former Yugoslav leader Tito had his summer villa in this town. This villa was subsequently used to host the last meeting between Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107 (then\n\nQuestion: What is Igalo", "output": "Igalo is a small town in the Herceg Novi Municipality of Montenegro."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Isa Chandra Moskowitz is an American vegan chef, cookbook author, former host of the vegan community access cooking show Post Punk Kitchen, and restaurateur. Early life and education Raised in Brooklyn, New York, and having dropped out of The High School of Music & Art, where she majored in fine art, Moskowitz found herself drawn toward the punk rock scene of the Lower East Side of Manhattan in the late 1980s, embracing first a vegetarian diet, then veganism. She also volunteered with Food Not Bombs. an anarchist organization that provides free vegan meals to the homeless and needy. Vegan career Post Punk Kitchen (cooking show) The inspiration to create her own cooking show, the Post Punk Kitchen, came while watching the Food Network and wondering to herself why there were no vegan shows. According to Moskowitz, the show used the title The Post Punk Kitchen to signify the feeling of\n\nEast Bengal ( Purb\u00f4 Bangla/Purb\u00f4bongo) was a non-contiguous province of the Dominion of Pakistan. Geographically part of the Bengal region, East Bengal existed from 1947 until 1955, when it was renamed East Pakistan. Today, the area is an independent country, Bangladesh. With its coastline on the Bay of Bengal, it bordered India and Burma (presently known as Myanmar). It was located close to, but did not share a border with, Nepal, Tibet, the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Kingdom of Sikkim. Its capital was Dacca, now known as Dhaka. The Partition of India, which divided Bengal along religious lines, established the borders of Muslim majority East Bengal. The province existed during the reign of two monarchs, including George VI and Elizabeth II; and three Governors-General, including Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Khawaja Nazimuddin and Ghulam Muhammad. Its provincial governors included a British administrator and several Pakistani statesmen. Its chief ministership was held\n\nPeter Andreas Amundsen Morell (1 January 1868 \u2013 30 January 1948) was a Norwegian farmer and politician. Peter Morell was born in Aker (now Akershus), Norway. He was the son of Ole Amundsen (1827-85) and Johanna Gustava Kjelin (1844-1918). Morrell took over the Nedre Grefsen farm which had been purchased by his father in 1855. He later took over the nearby farms Storo (1889) and \u00d8stre Grefsen (1895) . Morell was the mayor of Aker (1902-1907) and (1911-1916). He was elected to the Storting between 1903 and 1912. He was the Norwegian Minister of Social Affairs in the government formed by Ivar Lykke (1926 to 1928). In 1890, he married Hanna Astrup (1869-1933), daughter of Harald Astrup. Her brothers included the architects Henning Astrup (1864\u20131896) and Thorvald Astrup (1876\u20131940), Arctic explorer Eivind Astrup (1871\u20131895) and member of Parliament Sigurd Astrup (1873\u20131949). Peter Morell established a foundation (Hanna og Peter Andreas\n\nQuestion: Who is Peter Andreas Morell?", "output": "Peter Andreas Amundsen Morell was  a Norwegian farmer and politician."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Patrick Bedard (born August 20, 1941, in La Porte City, Iowa) is an American automobile racing driver and journalist. In the early 1970s, Car and Driver magazine challenged its readers to a series of Sports Car Club of America (SCCA)-sanctioned, 25-lap \"showroom stock sedan\" races. In the Car and Driver SS/Sedan Challenge II, Bedard finished first, driving Car & Driver's own Opel 1900 sedan. In the Car and Driver SS/Sedan Challenge III in 1974, Bedard drove a 1973 Chevy Vega GT No. 0, winning the tie-breaker race. This lone Vega beat 31 other well-driven showroom stocks. The first racing victory by a Wankel-engined car in the United States was in 1973, when Bedard won an IMSA RS race at Lime Rock Park in a Mazda RX-2. In the 1984 Indianapolis 500 Bedard's car slammed the inside wall and then flipped multiple times in the grass. He remarkably survived the crash.\n\nConor Kostick (born 26 June 1964) is an Irish historian and writer living in Dublin. He is the author of many works of history and fiction. A former chairperson of the Irish Writers Union and member of the board of the National Library of Ireland, he has won a number of awards. Early life Conor Kostick is the eldest of two boys born to teachers Gerrie and Marjorie Kostick in Chester, England. His father was Jewish-Irish, brought up in Dublin but having moved to the UK in the 1950s, where he became a physical education teacher, while his mother was a teacher of maths. One set of grandparents were Polish Jews, who moved to Ireland to escape pogroms. Career Conor Kostick was the editor of Socialist Worker in Ireland and a reviewer for the Journal of Music in Ireland. A historian, he holds a doctorate, and has lectured and researched\n\nA custard cream is a type of sandwich biscuit popular in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland filled with a creamy, custard-flavoured centre. Traditionally, the filling was buttercream (which is still used in most home-made recipes) but nowadays cheaper fats have replaced butter in mass-produced biscuits. The filling tastes of vanilla and as such is more akin to the taste of custard made with custard powder than egg custard. It is believed that the custard cream biscuit originated in Britain in 1908. Usually, they have an elaborate baroque design stamped onto them, originating in the Victorian era and representing ferns. Some British and Irish supermarkets produce their own brand versions, with variations including lemon, orange, chocolate, strawberry, coffee, tangerine, rhubarb & custard and coconut flavours. There is a digestive cream version available, in which the biscuit is replaced with a digestive biscuit. In a 2007 poll of 7,000 Britons,\n\nQuestion: What's Custard cream?", "output": "A custard cream is a type of sandwich biscuit popular in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland filled with a creamy, custard-flavoured centre."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Palais Ephrussi is a former Ringstra\u00dfenpalais in Vienna. It was built for the Ephrussi family of financiers by Theophil Freiherr von Hansen, the architect of the Austrian Parliament Building. It is on the Ringstrasse, specifically the Universit\u00e4tsring (formerly Doctor-Karl-Lueger-Ring), opposite the Votivkirche. History Unlike traditional baroque noble palaces in Vienna, the Palais Ephrussi was built in the late 19th century and is therefore considered a Ringstra\u00dfenpalais. It is five storeys high and built in the typical neo-renaissance style popular at the time of its construction. The history of the building and the family is described in great detail in The Hare with Amber Eyes by Edmund de Waal, whose grandmother - Elisabeth de Waal n\u00e9e Ephrussi, born 1899 - spent her childhood and youth there; De Waal combined first-hand information from her with extensive research in available documents. World War II As noted by de Waal, shortly following Austria's annexation\n\nBustleholme Football Club is a football club based in West Bromwich, West Midlands, England. They are currently members of the and play at York Road in Rowley Regis. History The club was established as a youth team in 1975 by parents of the players. In 1996 they joined Division One South of the West Midlands (Regional) League. After finishing as runners-up in their 1996\u201397, the club were promoted to the Premier Division. Despite finishing bottom of the Premier Division in 2007\u201308, the club were not relegated. This was repeated the following season. In 2009\u201310 Bustleholme won the league's Premier Division Cup, beating AFC Wulfrunians 1\u20130 in the final. They avoided relegation again after finishing bottom of the Premier Division in 2012\u201313, but a second-from-bottom finish the following season saw the club relegated to Division One. Ground The club groundshared at Queen Street in Bilston until 2007. They later moved to\n\nJean M\u00e9decin (2 December 1890 \u2013 18 November 1965) was a French lawyer and politician. He was Mayor of Nice, France from 1928 to 1943 and from 1947 to 1965, and the father of Jacques M\u00e9decin, who succeeded him as mayor until 1990. Before the war He was born in Nice to a respectable family. After studying in Paris, he joined the military and fought in the First World War. In 1914 he was promoted to corporal, then in 1916 to the rank of captain. After the battle of Verdun he was awarded the French Legion of Honour and the Croix de Guerre. Upon his return to Nice in 1919, he briefly practised as a lawyer before entering politics. In 1919, he was elected as a Municipal Councillor, and in 1928, Mayor of Nice. He achieved notoriety when he was allowed to stay as mayor for 34 years. He was\n\nQuestion: Who is Jean M\u00e9decin?", "output": "Jean M\u00e9decin was a French lawyer and politician."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bruce Lee Bosley (November 5, 1933 \u2013 April 26, 1995) was an American professional football player who was a guard and center for 14 seasons with the San Francisco 49ers and the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected to four Pro Bowls (1960, 1965\u20131967), and was named All-Pro four times (1959\u20131961, 1966). He played college football for the West Virginia Mountaineers. Collegiate career . Bosley was a third-team Class B all-state fullback at Green Bank High School when he was offered a full scholarship to play for the Mountaineers. Bosley was an immediate starter and contributed to West Virginia going from 5\u20135 in 1951 to 7\u20132 in 1952. In 1954 after a dominating performance against Penn State, Bosley was named Associated Press Player of the Week. He went on to earn consensus All-America honors as a senior in 1955. West Virginia won 31 of 38\n\nLazarus (), surnamed Zographos (\u0396\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2, \"the Painter\"), is a 9th-century Byzantine Christian saint. He is also known as Lazarus the Painter and Lazarus the Iconographer. Born in Armenia on November 17, 810, he lived before and during the second period of Byzantine Iconoclasm. Lazarus was the first saint to be canonized specifically as an iconographer. He was later followed by Saint Catherine of Bologna. Life and times Lazarus became a monk at an early age and is thought to have studied the art of painting at the Stoudios Monastery in Constantinople. Lazarus was noted to possess the following virtues: love for Christ, asceticism, prayer, and rejection of the vanities of the world. He was further recognized for his acts of self-control, discipline and alms-giving, then made a priest. In his lifetime he was highly regarded and well known for his frescos. He used faith and ritual as a means to\n\n\u00c9rika Kelly Pereira \"Kiki\" Coimbra (born March 23, 1980 in Belo Horizonte) is a volleyball player who competed for Brazil in the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympic Games, and at the 1999 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Cup. She is a free agent. Coimbra passed all genetic testing required by the FIVB and the International Olympic Committee to play the 2000 Summer Olympics where she won the bronze medal. Awards Individuals 1997 FIVB U18 World Championship \u2013 \"Most valuable player\" 1997 FIVB U18 World Championship \u2013 \"Best spiker\" 1997 FIVB U18 World Championship \u2013 \"Best scorer\" 1999 FIVB U20 World Championship \u2013 \"Most valuable player\" 2000 FIVB World Grand Prix \u2013 \"Best server\" 2012\u201313 Polish League \u2013 \"Most valuable player\" 2013 Polish Cup \u2013 \"Best receiver\" Clubs 1997\u201398 Brazilian Superliga \u2013 Champion, with Rexona Ades 1998\u201399 Brazilian Superliga \u2013 Runner-up, with Rexona Ades 1999\u201300 Brazilian Superliga \u2013 Champion, with Rexona Ades\n\nQuestion: Who is \u00c9rika Coimbra?", "output": "\u00c9rika Kelly Pereira \"Kiki\" Coimbra is a volleyball player who competed for Brazil in the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympic Games, and at the 1999 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Cup."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Bombing of W\u00fcrzburg in World War II was a large-scale air attack on the city of W\u00fcrzburg (in Franconia, in the north of Bavaria), and was part of the strategic bombing campaign by the Allies against Nazi Germany. Although lacking major armaments industries (the W\u00fcrzburg radar was named after the city, but not produced there) and hosting around 40 hospitals at the time, W\u00fcrzburg was targeted as a traffic hub and as part of the attempt by Bomber Command to break the spirit of the German people. The major raid occurred on March 16, 1945, when Royal Air Force bombers dropped incendiary bombs that set fire to much of the city, killing an estimated 5,000 people and almost completely obliterating the historic town. Almost 90% of the buildings were destroyed by a raid that lasted less than 20 minutes. All the city's churches, the cathedral, and other monuments were\n\nAccounting, also known as accountancy, is the processing of information about economic entities, such as businesses and corporations. Accounting measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of stakeholders, including investors, creditors, management, and regulators. Practitioners of accounting are known as accountants. The terms \"accounting\" and \"financial reporting\" are often used as synonyms. Accounting can be divided into several fields including financial accounting, management accounting, tax accounting and cost accounting. Financial accounting focuses on the reporting of an organization's financial information, including the preparation of financial statements, to the external users of the information, such as investors, regulators and suppliers. Management accounting focuses on the measurement, analysis and reporting of information for internal use by management. The recording of financial transactions, so that summaries of the financials may be presented in financial reports, is known as bookkeeping, of which double-entry bookkeeping is the\n\nDame Florence Lilian Braithwaite (9 March 1873 \u2013 17 September 1948) was an English actress, primarily of the stage, although she appeared in both silent and talkie films. Early life She was born in Ramsgate, Kent, the daughter of the Revd John Masterman Braithwaite (1846\u20131889), then a curate and later vicar of Croydon, and his wife, Elizabeth Jane, daughter of Colonel Thomas Sidney Powell, CB. Educated at Croydon High School, she was the eldest of seven children, having five brothers, two of whom - Colonel Francis Powell Braithwaite and Vice-Admiral Lawrence Walter Braithwaite - served with distinction in the military. Her sister Dorothy Louisa married Philip Maud. Lilian Braithwaite first acted with amateur companies including the Strolling Players and the Oxford University Dramatic Society, but her decision to turn professional was met with strong opposition from her parents. However, in 1897 at the age of 24, she joined the William\n\nQuestion: What is Accounting?", "output": "Accounting, also known as accountancy, is the processing of information about economic entities, such as businesses and corporations."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Michelle Sweeney is a Canadian actress and soul singer. Originally from Cleveland, Ohio, she moved to Montreal, Quebec in the 1980s to perform with the Montreal Jubilation Gospel Choir, and has remained based in Montreal since. In addition to performing jazz, soul and blues music, she appeared alongside Ranee Lee and Anthony Sherwood in a 1986 production of Ain't Misbehavin'. She formed her own group, Michelle Sweeney's Good News Singers, in 1987, and released her first recorded single, \"Our Love\", that year. In 1988, she appeared on Quebec television alongside C\u00e9line Dion and Johanne Blouin, performing a medley of \"Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In\" from the musical Hair with \"Quand on arrive en ville\" from the musical Starmania, which saw Sweeney widely labelled as the star performer of the show. In 1989 she starred in a production of the jazz review Eubie!, and the following year she appeared as a tour\n\nWestfield Booragoon (formerly known as Garden City) is a major regional shopping centre in the city of Perth, Western Australia. Westfield Booragoon is located at the corner of Marmion Street and Riseley Street in the southern suburb of Booragoon. 50% of the shopping complex is owned by Dexus with the remaining 50% owned by Scentre Group which owns and operates its properties under the Westfield name from which the company is derived. The centre has attracted up to 13 million average annual individual visits to the centre generating an estimated turnover of over A$500 million annually. In 2011, it grossed a Moving Annual Turnover (MAT) of A$577.1 million, giving it the highest turnover of any centre in the state and the 13th highest in the country. Westfield Carousel has the 2nd highest MAT in the state. Garden City has been managed under AMP Shopping Centres since 1986; Scentre Group has\n\nEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergic inflammatory condition of the esophagus that involves eosinophils, a type of white blood cell. In healthy individuals, the esophagus is typically devoid of eosinophils. In EoE, eosinophils migrate to the esophagus in large numbers. When a trigger food is eaten, the eosinophils contribute to tissue damage and inflammation. Symptoms include swallowing difficulty, food impaction, vomiting, and heartburn. Eosinophilic esophagitis was first described in children but also occurs in adults. The condition is not well understood, but food allergy may play a significant role. The treatment may consist of removal of known or suspected triggers and medication to suppress the immune response. In severe cases, it may be necessary to enlarge the esophagus with an endoscopy procedure. While knowledge about EoE has been increasing rapidly, diagnosis of EoE can be challenging because the symptoms and histo-pathologic findings are not specific. Signs and symptoms EoE often\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Eosinophilic esophagitis is.", "output": "Eosinophilic esophagitis is an allergic inflammatory condition of the esophagus that involves eosinophils, a type of white blood cell."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "HC Lada Togliatti () is a Russian professional ice hockey team based in Tolyatti, Russia. They play in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Togliatti were participants in the inaugural season of the KHL in 2008\u201309. Due to a lack of a satisfactory arena, the KHL expelled the team and the team dropped one level to the Supreme Hockey League (VHL) for the 2010\u201311 season. They were allowed to rejoin the KHL for the 2014\u201315 season after the opening of the Lada Arena. However, the team was expelled again following the end of the 2017\u201318 season, and returned to the VHL. The team once again rejoined the KHL for the 2023\u201324 season. History July 1976 - team was founded as Torpedo Togliatti. August 31, 1976 - first exhibition game against Dizelist Penza (final score was 3:3) 1991 - Lada enters the Highest division of the Soviet Championship League. April 1994 -\n\nThe Dorothy and Charles Mosesian Center for the Arts (formerly Arsenal Center for the Arts) is a nonprofit multidisciplinary arts venue on the Charles River in Watertown, Massachusetts, United States. The 30,000 square foot center, located in an historic 1894 manufacturing shop of the U.S. Army's Watertown Arsenal, houses a 339-seat main stage theater, a 100-seat black box theater, exhibition galleries, art classrooms, and rehearsal studios. Mosesian Arts is located six miles from downtown Boston, borders Brighton and the Charles, and is accessible from surrounding suburbs and MetroWest. Programming includes professional theater and musical performances, comedy, gallery exhibitions, literary and art discussions, and performing and visual arts classes and workshops for all ages. Watertown Children\u2019s Theatre, Mosesian Arts\u2019 performing arts education program, provides classes and performances for youth and families. The venue also hosts other performing arts companies from throughout the Greater Boston region. History Plans for an art center\n\nPrince Kasper Doenhoff (, , 1587\u20131645) was a Polish nobleman of Baltic-German extraction, a Reichsf\u00fcrst of the Holy Roman Empire and Governor of Dorpat Province within the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth. Upon converting to Catholicism, he became a trusted courtier and advisor to Sigismund III of Poland. Early life Doenhoff was the son of Gerhard von D\u00f6nhoff (1554-1598) and his wife, Margaretha von Zweiffeln (1555-1622). He was the brother of Ernst Magnus von D\u00f6nhoff (Governor of Parnawa) (1581-1642), Hermann von D\u00f6nhoff (1591-1620) and Gerhard von D\u00f6nhoff, Governor of Pomorze (1590-1648) and Anna von Maydel (1585-1639). Titles He became titular Governor of Dorpat (1627\u201334) (although already in 1625 the town had capitulated to Sweden and was never reobtained by the Poles); from 1633, Count of the Holy Roman Empire (along with Ernst and Gerhard von D\u00f6nhoff); Governor of Sieradz (1634\u201345); Court Marshal of the Queen (from 1639); and starosta of Wielu\u0144, Lauenburg (L\u0119bork),\n\nQuestion: What is HC Lada Togliatti", "output": "HC Lada Togliatti is a Russian professional ice hockey team based in Tolyatti, Russia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "was a Japanese filmmaker and painter who directed 30 films in a career spanning over five decades. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers in the history of cinema. Kurosawa displayed a bold, dynamic style, strongly influenced by Western cinema yet distinct from it; he was involved with all aspects of film production. Kurosawa entered the Japanese film industry in 1936, following a brief stint as a painter. After years of working on numerous films as an assistant director and scriptwriter, he made his debut as a director during World War II with the popular action film Sanshiro Sugata (1943). After the war, the critically acclaimed Drunken Angel (1948), in which Kurosawa cast the then little-known actor Toshiro Mifune in a starring role, cemented the director's reputation as one of the most important young filmmakers in Japan. The two men would go on to\n\nCobra Triangle is a 1989 racing, vehicular combat video game developed by Rare and released by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System. The player controls a weapon-equipped speedboat through 25 levels. Objectives include winning races, saving swimmers, and defusing bombs. The game also includes power-ups and is displayed from a 3D isometric perspective with automatic scrolling that follows the player's movement. The Stamper brothers designed the game and David Wise wrote its soundtrack. Computer and Video Games highly recommended the game and praised its graphics and gameplay. Later reviewers lauded its level diversity and noted its graphical similarities to previous Rare game R.C. Pro-Am. IGN and GamesRadar ranked Cobra Triangle among their top NES games. The latter considered Cobra Triangle emblematic of the NES era's aesthetic. It was also included in Rare's 2015 Xbox One retrospective compilation, Rare Replay. Gameplay Cobra Triangle is a racing, vehicular combat video game. The\n\nScouting and Guiding in Queensland is represented by Scouts Australia, Girl Guides Australia, Plast Ukrainian Scouts, and the Australian Baden-Powell Scouts' Association. History CHUMS Scout Patrols started forming in Australia in 1908 due to the circulation of CHUMS publication there. R.C. Packer in 1908 supported the formation of the League of Boy Scouts. St. Enoch's Presbyterian Church, Mount Morgan, Queensland formed its unit on 23 November 1908. In 1909, the Australian League of Boy Scouts Queensland formed. Other groups could have been formed in Queensland by the Boy's Brigade Scouts, British Boy Scouts (BBS), Imperial Boy Scouts (IBS), Anglican Church Lads' Brigade's Church Scout Patrols, Girl Peace Scouts and YMCA Scouts. In 1910 the CHUMS Scout Patrols merged with the BBS. Also in July 1910, the Australian League of Boy Scouts Queensland affiliated to the United Kingdom's Boy Scouts Association and changed names to League of Baden-Powell Boy Scouts, Queensland\n\nQuestion: What is Cobra Triangle", "output": "Cobra Triangle is a 1989 racing, vehicular combat video game developed by Rare and released by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Chumak () was a historical and traditional wagon-based trading occupation in the territory of modern Ukraine in the late Medieval and early Modern periods of history. It involved the delivery of goods (salt, fish, grain, and others) for the purpose of long-distance sales using carts (wagons) harnessed to oxen. Chumaks developed as a merchant class facilitating the trade in salt from the areas of Halychyna as well as the coastal areas of Black and Azov Seas, in addition to other items. They prospered until the end of the 19th century, when competition from railroads made longer trade-routes unprofitable. Chumaks transported goods in wagons pulled by two oxen paired with a yoke. The oxen were often of the Bessarabian breed. Chumaks operated most commonly during the times of the Cossack Hetmanate (17th century), trading between the Moscow state, the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Crimean Khanate, and Moldavia. Modernization marginalized traditional economic activity,\n\nBrenna O'Brien (born March 9, 1991) is a Canadian actress and artist. She is best known for voicing Rin in the anime series Inuyasha. Brenna O'Brien was in the original pilot of The Middle in 2007 also starring Ricki Lake and Atticus Shaffer. This pilot was then re-created in 2009 with the current cast. Career Brenna began her acting career at age 9, performing in local theatre productions and school plays. Her first film role was in Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed at the age of 12 and from there went on to guest star in such films and televisions shows such as Supernatural as the NSA demon secretary Cecily, Stargate SG-1, Meghan in Zixx: Level Two, X-Men: The Last Stand, Phantom Racer and Girl in Progress. She is an accomplished voice over actor, having worked as a guest star as well as lead roles in several anime series, including Inuyasha,\n\nThe Corrs are an Irish folk rock/pop band consisting of siblings Andrea (lead vocals, tin whistle, mandolin, ukulele), Sharon (violin, vocals), Caroline (drums, piano, bodhr\u00e1n, percussion, vocals) and Jim Corr (guitar, piano, keyboards, vocals). Formed in their hometown of Dundalk, Ireland, in 1990, the band's discography includes seven studio albums, three live albums and three compilation albums, as well as six video albums and twenty-six singles. This list does not include material recorded by The Corrs as solo artists. Their debut album, Forgiven, Not Forgotten, was produced by David Foster and released in 1995 by Atlantic Records in conjunction with 143 Records. Preceded by debut single \"Runaway\", the album was an immediate success in both their home territory and Australia. Commercial success elsewhere was initially modest, however. Their 1997 follow-up, Talk On Corners, once again found the band receiving little attention outside Ireland and Australia. Meanwhile, the group had contributed\n\nQuestion: What's Chumak?", "output": "Chumak was a historical and traditional wagon-based  trading occupation in the territory of modern Ukraine in the  late Medieval and early Modern periods of history."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina () is the official military force of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The BiH armed forces were officially unified in 2005 and are composed of two founding armies: the Bosniak-Croat Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (VFBiH) and the Bosnian Serbs' Army of Republika Srpska (VRS). The Ministry of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina, founded in 2004, is in charge of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Chain of command In accordance with the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Article 5.5a), Bosnian Law of defense and Bosnian Law of service the supreme civilian commander of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the collective Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The collective Presidency directs the Ministry of Defence of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Armed Forces. Former Bosnia and Herzegovina ministers of defence include Nikola Radovanovi\u0107, Selmo Cikoti\u0107, Muhamed Ibrahimovi\u0107, Zekerijah Osmi\u0107\n\nVilenica Cave or Vilenica Cave at Lokev () is the oldest show cave in Europe. The first tourists to the cave were recorded in 1633. It is located next to the village of Lokev in the municipality of Se\u017eana on the Karst Plateau in southwestern Slovenia. Natural environment Vilenica Cave is more than in length, with a depth of , but tourists are only allowed into the first of the cave. History Until the mid-19th century it was known as the biggest, most beautiful, and most frequently visited cave of the Classical Karst. It attracted artists such as Ferdinand Runk and Peter Fendi, who was awarded a gold medal in 1821 for his oil painting of the cave. Later it was surpassed by Postojna Cave. Since 1986, the annual Vilenica International Literary Festival has taken place in the cave and in the towns and villages of the Karst and elsewhere.\n\nAn emerging infectious disease (EID) is an infectious disease whose incidence has increased recently (in the past 20 years), and could increase in the near future. The minority that are capable of developing efficient transmission between humans can become major public and global concerns as potential causes of epidemics or pandemics. Their many impacts can be economic and societal, as well as clinical. EIDs have been increasing steadily since at least 1940. For every decade since 1940, there has been a consistent increase in the number of EID events from wildlife-related zoonosis. Human activity is the primary driver of this increase, with loss of biodiversity a leading mechanism. Emerging infections account for at least 12% of all human pathogens. EIDs can be caused by newly identified microbes, including novel species or strains of virus (e.g. novel coronaviruses, ebolaviruses, HIV). Some EIDs evolve from a known pathogen, as occurs with new\n\nQuestion: What is Emerging infectious disease?", "output": "An emerging infectious disease is an infectious disease whose incidence has increased recently, and could increase in the near future."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Decapacitation factor (DF) is composed of sperm surface-associated proteins which modulate the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa. Decapacitation is a reversible process that converts fertile, capacitated sperm to less-fertile uncapacitated sperm. This activity is achieved by interaction between cholesterol, phospholipids and fibronectin-like substances and delivered via small vesicles in seminal plasma. DF prevents onset of capacitation. Many DFs are released in secretions from the epididymis and accessory organs of the male reproductive system. However, some DFs have been identified that are located on the acrosome of sperm. Normally, capacitation is initiated through the loss of DF before the spermatozoa can perform the acrosomal reaction. Physiologically decapacitation will inhibit the acrosomal reaction as DFs reassociate onto the sperm surface. For example, one way this can be achieved is through spermatozoal membrane stabilization by maintaining physiological cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. The study of DFs can help understand male infertility and has possible role in reversible\n\nFrancesco \"Franco\" Scoglio (; 2 May 1941 \u2013 3 October 2005) was an Italian football manager who coached at both national and international level. Playing career Francesco Scoglio was born in Lipari, in the province of Messina, Italy. He played as a defender or midfielder. Managerial career Nicknamed il Professore (the Professor) because of his past teaching activity (he was a pedagogy graduate), Scoglio never actually had a playing career. He started a managing career in 1972 in one of the Reggina youth teams. He then went on coaching at amateur and Serie C levels in Sicily and Calabria (Gioiese, Messina, Acireale, Akragas). It was Scoglio who discovered the great potential of Salvatore Schillaci, one of his players during Scoglio's second stint in Messina. However, Scoglio is most remembered for his time in Genoa CFC, which was also the team for which he first coached. He achieved great success with\n\nFernando de Queiroz Scherer (born October 6, 1974) is a Brazilian former international swimmer. He won the bronze medal in the 50-meter freestyle at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta and another bronze medal four years later in Sydney with the Brazilian relay team in the 4\u00d7100-meter freestyle. Scherer won his first major title at the inaugural 1993 FINA Short Course World Championships in Palma de Mallorca, where he won the 100-meter freestyle. He trained at The Race Club, a swimming club founded by Olympic swimmers Gary Hall, Jr. and his father, Gary Hall, Sr. as a training group for elite swimmers in preparation for the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. Scherer is nicknamed Xuxa in his native country, and he became Brazil's Sportsman of The Year in 1995 after winning one gold and one silver medal at the 1995 FINA Short Course World Championships in Rio de Janeiro. Scherer was\n\nQuestion: What is Decapacitation factor?", "output": "Decapacitation factor is composed of sperm surface-associated proteins which modulate the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Major General Sir Peter Henry Scratchley (24 August 1835 \u2013 2 December 1885) was special commissioner for Great Britain in New Guinea 1884\u20131885 and defence adviser for Australia. Biography Scratchley was born in Paris, thirteenth child of Dr James Scratchley, Royal Artillery, and his wife Maria, n\u00e9e Roberts. He was educated in Paris and at the Woolwich academy and then began a career as an Officer of Engineers in the British Army. Scratchley served in the Crimea and Indian Mutiny and in October 1859 was made a captain. He then had several tours of duty in the Australian colonies advising on defence. In 1860 he was sent to Victoria to plan a system of defence for that colony, but after working on this for over three years his plan was not adopted as a whole. Scratchley had, however, constructed batteries around the coast of Port Phillip by expending a comparatively\n\nMV Holiday Island was a Canadian RORO ferry that operated across the Northumberland Strait between the ports of Wood Islands, Prince Edward Island and Caribou, Nova Scotia. The vessel was owned by the Government of Canada and was managed and operated by Northumberland Ferries Limited. Construction and design The roll-on/roll-off ferry was ordered for construction by the Government of Canada and the vessel's keel was laid down at Port Weller Dry Docks in St. Catharines, Ontario, in April 1970. The ship was launched with the name William Pope on 28 June 1970 and later renamed Holiday Island to reflect the vessel's purpose, which was to augment transportation services for summer tourists. Construction was completed on 27 April 1971. Holiday Island measured long overall and between perpendiculars, with a beam of as built. The vessel's length overall increased to and has a draught of . The ship was ordered as a\n\nDying for the World is the tenth studio album by the American heavy metal band W.A.S.P., released in 2002. Dying for the World was Blackie Lawless' dedication to all those who perished in the attacks of the 9/11 events, especially heard on the \"Hallowed Ground\" track. The album was written and recorded in less than a year. This is very unusual as Blackie Lawless is a perfectionist, normally taking 2 years or more to finish an album and have it recorded. Track listing Personnel W.A.S.P. Blackie Lawless \u2013 guitar, vocals, keyboards Darrell Roberts \u2013 guitar Mike Duda \u2013 bass, vocals Frankie Banali \u2013 drums Production Bill Metoyer \u2013 engineer, mixing Dan Biechele \u2013 assistant engineer and production manager Joe Delaney (a.k.a. Joetown) \u2013 additional mixing on tracks 2 and 5 Tom Baker \u2013 mastering at Precision Mastering Kosh \u2013 album design Charts References W.A.S.P. albums 2002 albums Albums produced by\n\nQuestion: Who was Peter Scratchley?", "output": "Major General Sir Peter Henry Scratchley was special commissioner for Great Britain in New Guinea 1884\u20131885 and defence adviser for Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kalpakam Swaminathan (15 August 1922 \u2013 6 April 2011) was a vainika (veena player) of Carnatic music. Profile Kalpakam was born in Sethalapathi village in the Tiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu, India. Her mother Abhayambal initiated her into the world of Carnatic music when she was eight years of age. Her tutelage continued under such as Kallidaikuruchi Ananthakrishna Iyer, TL Venkatarama Iyer, Musiri Subramania Iyer, Budalur Krishnamurthy Shastrigal, Tiger Varadachariar and Mysore Vasudevachar. Her veena technique followed the Thanjavur baani or style which is characterized by its strong commitment to producing musical graces (gamakas) in the manner they would be rendered vocally. She had a vast repertoire of Muthuswami Dikshitar's compositions, including those from the Abhayamba, Kamalamba, Neelotpalamba and Thyagaraja vibhakti series, Vara kritis and Panchalinga series. She is considered an authority in her renditions of this composer's work. She also performed together with Gottuvadyam doyen Budalur Krishnamurthy Sastrigal on\n\nGustavo Fran\u00e7a Borges (born December 2, 1972) is a Brazilian former competitive swimmer. He swam for Brazil in the Summer Olympic Games in: 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004. Borges has won the second-most Olympic medals of any Brazilian, with fourone in 1992, two in 1996 and one in 2000behind sailors Robert Scheidt and Torben Grael. He also has the third-most Pan American Games gold medals of any Brazilian, with eightbehind swimmer Thiago Pereira and table tennis player Hugo Hoyama. Borges was Brazil's flagbearer for the Closing Ceremony at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Borges' first medal was silver, which he won in the 100-meter freestyle at the 1992 Olympics, which he received after a delay because his lane's timer was not working, and the judges had to review video recordings of the race to verify his place. Borges even overcame his idol, Matt Biondi, to win the silver medal. Borges lives\n\nDouble-clad fiber (DCF) is a class of optical fiber with a structure consisting of three layers of optical material instead of the usual two. The inner-most layer is called the core. It is surrounded by the inner cladding, which is surrounded by the outer cladding. The three layers are made of materials with different refractive indices. There are two different kinds of double-clad fibers. The first was developed early in optical fiber history with the purpose of engineering the dispersion of optical fibers. In these fibers, the core carries the majority of the light, and the inner and outer cladding alter the waveguide dispersion of the core-guided signal. The second kind of fiber was developed in the late 1980s for use with high power fiber amplifiers and fiber lasers. In these fibers, the core is doped with active dopant material; it both guides and amplifies the signal light. The inner\n\nQuestion: Who was Kalpakam Swaminathan?", "output": "Kalpakam Swaminathan was a vainika of Carnatic music."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Antonio Donghi (March 16, 1897 \u2013 July 16, 1963) was an Italian painter of scenes of popular life, landscapes, and still life. Biography Born in Rome, he studied painting at the Instituto di Belle Arti from 1908 to 1916. After military service in World War I he studied art in Florence and Venice, soon establishing himself as one of Italy's leading figures in the neoclassical movement that arose in the 1920s. Possessed of an extremely refined technique, Donghi favored strong composition, spatial clarity, and populist subject matter. His figures possess a gravity and an archaic stiffness reminiscent of Piero della Francesca. Critics likened his work to that of Henri Rousseau and Georges Seurat, whose scenes of contemporary life are similarly touched with a subtle humor. His still lifes often consist of a small vase of flowers, depicted with the disarming symmetry of naive art. Donghi achieved both popular and critical\n\nGertrude Lamson (October 8, 1874 \u2013 February 7, 1965), known professionally as Nance O'Neil or Nancy O'Neil, was an American stage and film actress who performed in plays in various theaters around the world but worked predominantly in the United States between the 1890s and 1930s. At the height of her career, she was promoted on theater bills and in period trade publications and newspapers as the \"American Bernhardt\". Early life O'Neil was born in Oakland, California to George Lamson and Arre Findley.<ref>GREAT STARS OF THE AMERICAN STAGE\" by Daniel Blum c. 1952 Profile #36</ref> Stage career O'Neil's first performance in a professional production was in the role of a nun in Sarah at the Alcazar Theatre in San Francisco on October 16, 1893. Before returning to San Francisco in 1898 and 1899 as a star, headlining in the plays The Jewess and The Shadow, she spent the preceding years\n\nTell Fekheriye () (often spelled as Tell el-Fakhariya or Tell Fecheriye, among other variants) is an ancient site in the Khabur river basin in al-Hasakah Governorate of northern Syria. It is securely identified as the site of Sikkan, attested since c. 2000 BC. While under an Assyrian governor c. 1000 BC it was called Sikani. Sikkan was part of the Syro-Hittite state of Bit Bahiani in the early 1st millennium BC. In the area, several mounds, called tells, can be found in close proximity: Tell Fekheriye, Ras al-Ayn, and 2.5 kilometers east of Tell Halaf, site of the Aramean and Neo-Assyrian city of Guzana. During the excavation, the Tell Fekheriye bilingual inscription was discovered at the site, which provides the source of information about Hadad-yith'i. In the early 20th century Tell Fekheriye was suggested as the site of Washukanni, the capital of Mitanni, but the claim is unconfirmed. Many scholars\n\nQuestion: What is Nance O'Neil?", "output": "Gertrude Lamson, known professionally as Nance O'Neil or Nancy O'Neil, was an American stage and film actress who performed in plays in various theaters around the world but worked predominantly in the United States between the 1890s and 1930s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Catholicism in Saudi Arabia is officially barred from being practised, though Catholics are allowed into the country for temporary work. There is a large expatriate Filipino community in Saudi Arabia, many of whom are thought to be Catholics. There are no dioceses in Saudi Arabia, which comes under the jurisdiction of the Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Arabia. Saudi Arabia allows Catholics and Christians of other denominations to enter the country as foreign workers for temporary work, but does not allow them to practise their faith openly. As a result, Catholics and other Christians generally only worship in secret within private homes. Items and articles belonging to religions other than Islam are not prohibited, as long as they're just used privately. These include Bibles, crucifixes, statues, carvings, items with religious symbols, and others, although the government's stated policy was that such items were allowed for private religious purposes. The Saudi Arabian\n\nMiller-Boyett Productions (or simply Miller-Boyett) is an American television production company that mainly developed television sitcoms from the 1970s through the 1990s. It was responsible for family-oriented hit series such as Happy Days, Laverne & Shirley, Mork & Mindy, The Hogan Family, Bosom Buddies, Full House, Perfect Strangers, Family Matters and Step by Step. The company traces its roots back to Miller-Milkis Productions, which was formed in 1972. Its original run as a production company remained uninterrupted until its initial shutdown in 1999, having changed from the longtime Miller-Boyett name to Miller-Boyett-Warren two years prior. In 2015, the company was resurrected under the former Miller-Boyett name. History The production company was founded in 1972 by program executive Thomas L. Miller and former film editor Edward K. Milkis as Miller-Milkis Productions. The company had an exclusive deal with Paramount Television to produce television shows. The company bought its first big hit,\n\nCaptain Bana Singh (born 6 January 1949) is an Indian soldier and a recipient of the nation's highest gallantry award, the Param Vir Chakra. As a Naib Subedar in the Indian Army, he led the team that wrested control of the highest peak on the Siachen Glacier in Kashmir from Pakistani forces as part of Operation Rajiv. Following his success, India renamed the peak (previously designated as Quaid Post by the Pakistanis) to Bana Post in his honour. Early life Singh was born in Sikh family in Kadyal, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir on 6 January 1949. His father was a farmer and his uncles were soldiers in the Indian Army. He enlisted in the Indian Army on 6 January 1969,and began service with the 8th Battalion of the Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry. He was trained at the High Altitude Warfare School in Gulmarg and at another school at Sonamarg.\n\nQuestion: What is Miller-Boyett Productions", "output": "Miller-Boyett Productions is an American television production company that mainly developed television sitcoms from the 1970s through the 1990s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Red Hot + Country (or RH+C) was the follow-up to No Alternative in the Red Hot Series of compilation albums, a series produced to raise awareness and money to fight AIDS/HIV as well as other related health and social issues. This compilation featured music from the classic country and classic rock genres performed by an assortment of seasoned old and new country music artists. RH+C received two Grammy nominations following its release. A live show was held at the Ryman Auditorium \u2014 home to the Grand Ole Opry. A recording of the live show was eventually released on home video. Wilco, which had formed earlier in 1994, made their recorded debut on the compilation with their cover of Ernest Tubb's \"The T.B. is Whipping Me\", a duet with Syd Straw. The song would later appear on the band's 2014 rarities collection Alpha Mike Foxtrot: Rare Tracks 1994\u20132014. The rendition of\n\nChipmunks in Low Places is a country album written by John Boylan and Andrew Gold and performed by Alvin and the Chipmunks. It features cover songs as well as original material. Released on September 29, 1992, the album was certified Platinum by the RIAA, becoming the group's first platinum record and making it the Chipmunks' best-selling album. The album reached number 21 on the Billboard 200, becoming their first album to chart in ten years. The album also managed to peak at No. 6 on Billboards Top Country Albums, making it the highest peaking album for the group on the chart. In Canada, the album peaked at number 9, and was number 49 in the Top 50 Country albums of 1993. Storyline Alvin is broke and is feeling \"so blue\" about life in general. He cheers himself up to his favorite country songs [track 1]. He brings in his favorite\n\nPavel Kononovich Senko () (October 4, 1916 \u2013 2000) was a Soviet polar explorer, scientist, and member and leader of numerous expeditions to Arctic Ocean and Antarctica under the auspices of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute and Soviet Antarctic Expedition. There is a valley at the bottom of Arctic Ocean named after him : Senko Valley from 87\u00b0 04\u2019 N 97\u00b0 00\u2019 W to 87\u00b0 45\u2019 N 101\u00b0 10\u2019 W . There is a mountain named after him in Antarctica: Senko Mountain at 71\u00b0 25,2\u2019 S 12\u00b0 46,8\u2019 E on the Zavaritsky Ridge. He was leader of the winter party and officer-in-charge of Mirny Station on the 9th Soviet Antarctic Expedition and lead several expeditions subsequently. His name had shown up in the 1997 edition of \"The Guinness Book of records\" as one of the four \"first people to have indisputably reached the North Pole at ground level exactly\n\nQuestion: Who was Pavel Senko?", "output": "Pavel Kononovich Senko was a Soviet polar explorer, scientist, and member and leader of numerous expeditions to Arctic Ocean and Antarctica under the auspices of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute and Soviet Antarctic Expedition."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Lakehead Junior Hockey League is a Canadian Junior ice hockey league in Northwestern Ontario, sanctioned by Hockey Northwestern Ontario and Hockey Canada. An earlier edition of this league existed in the 1970s. The Thunder Bay-based league has produced three Keystone Cup Western Canada Junior \"B\" champion and six Brewers Cup Western Canada Junior \"C\" champions. History Formerly referred to as the Thunder Bay Junior B/Juvenile/AAA Hockey League, the LJHL league has, in the past, mixed itself with Juvenile and Midget \"AAA\" teams in the Thunder Bay region for regular season games. In those seasons, only the Junior teams are eligible for the playoffs. The league playoff champions earn the right to compete for the Keystone Cup, the Western Canadian Junior \"B\" championship. Hockey Canada does not offer a Junior \"B\" National championship therefore regional (Southern Ontario-Sutherland Cup, Ottawa District-Carson Trophy, Quebec-Coupe Dodge, Atlantic Canada-Don Johnson Memorial Cup) winners lay\n\nNiederkr\u00fcchten is a municipality in the district of Viersen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately 15 km east of Roermond and 15 km west of M\u00f6nchengladbach. Elmpt The formerly separate settlement of Elmpt was incorporated into Niederkr\u00fcchten in 1972. Elmpt was the site of a British armed forces base, known from its construction in 1953 until 2002 as RAF Br\u00fcggen and from 2002 until 2015 as Javelin Barracks. In December 2015 the base was handed back to the North Rhine-Westphalian authorities, who use it as accommodation for refugees. Personalities Personalities born in Niederkr\u00fcchten Wilhelm Lindemann (1828\u20131879), priest in Niederkr\u00fcchten, literary historian and deputy of the Prussian Landtag Karl Otten (1889\u20131963), writer and pacifist Helmut Loos (1950\u2013), musicologist Amilia Heidlberger (1965-), french writer and activist Personalities associated with Niederkr\u00fcchten Waldemar Bonsels (1880\u20131952), writer (for example Maya the Bee) Charlotte Roche (born 1978), actor and author Economy References External links\n\nThe National Drama Festivals Association (NDFA) was formed in 1964 to encourage and support amateur theatre in all its forms and in particular through the organisation of drama festivals in the United Kingdom. Since 1974 the NDFA has organised the British All Winners Drama Festival (BAWF) where the very best of British amateur theatre take part in a week-long celebration of theatre. The winners of all NDFA member festivals in the previous year, be they full-length or one-act member festivals, are eligible for invitation to take part. The NDFA sponsors two playwriting competitions - the George Taylor Memorial Award and the Nan Nuttall Memorial Awards. The objective of this competition is to promote new writing for the theatre. Adjudication is carried out by a panel of judges, and the winners receive a certificate and a cash prize. Membership of the NDFA is open to all drama festival organisations and also\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Lakehead Junior Hockey League is.", "output": "The Lakehead Junior Hockey League is a Canadian Junior ice hockey league in Northwestern Ontario, sanctioned by Hockey Northwestern Ontario and Hockey Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Charles de Gaulle Square () is a square in northern Bucharest, Romania. It lies at the intersection of Aviatorilor, Constantin Prezan and Prim\u0103verii Boulevards, and Calea Doroban\u021bilor. In the centre of the square stands Paul Neagu's Crucea Mileniului (Millennium Cross), built in the 1990s. In September 2006, on the occasion of the Francophonie Summit held in Bucharest, a statue of Charles de Gaulle was unveiled. Sculpted by Mircea Sp\u0103taru, it is high and was financed by the government. During the Communist period of Romania, the square hosted parades in honor of the Revolution of 23 August 1944. Neighbourhood Her\u0103str\u0103u Park is located to the northwest of the square, Arcul de Triumf is located in its own square a few hundred metres to the west, on Constantin Prezan Boulevard, while Pia\u021ba Victoriei, where the Romanian Government headquarters is situated, is located south, at the end of Aviatorilor Boulevard. The state-owned Romanian\n\nViola Irene Desmond (July 6, 1914 \u2013 February 7, 1965) was a Canadian civil and women's rights activist and businesswoman of Black Nova Scotian descent. In 1946, she challenged racial segregation at a cinema in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, by refusing to leave a whites-only area of the Roseland Theatre. For this, she was convicted of a minor tax violation for the one-cent tax difference between the seat that she had paid for and the seat that she used, which was more expensive. Desmond's case is one of the most publicized incidents of racial discrimination in Canadian history and helped start the modern civil rights movement in Canada. In 2010, Desmond was granted a posthumous free pardon, the first to be granted in Canada. A free pardon deems the person granted the pardon to have never committed the offence and cancels any consequence resulting from the conviction, such as fines,\n\nGranrudmoen is the largest village in \u00d8yer Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located in the Gudbrandsdal valley, along the Gudbrandsdalsl\u00e5gen river in the southern part of the municipality. It is the commercial centre of the municipality. It is located along the European route E6 highway, about north of the town of Lillehammer. The municipal centre of Tingberg is located about to the north. The village has a population (2021) of 1,678 and a population density of . Granrudmoen is located close to the 1994 Winter Olympic venues of Hafjell and Hunderfossen. The local multi-sports team is \u00d8yer-Tretten IF. Name The village is named Granrudmoen. The first element is the name is taken from the small Granrud farm which means 'the clearing among the spruces'. The last element of the name is moen which means 'the moor' or 'the heath'. References \u00d8yer Villages in Innlandet Populated places on\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Charles de Gaulle Square is.", "output": "Charles de Gaulle Square is a square in northern Bucharest, Romania."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ekadashi () is the eleventh lunar day (tithi) of the waxing (Shukla Pak\u1e63a) and waning (K\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a Pak\u1e63a) lunar cycles in a Vedic calendar month. Ekadashi is popularly observed within Vaishnavism and Shaivism, two major paths within Sanatan Dharma. Followers offer their worship to the god Vishnu, Shiva by fasting or just as symbol, the idea was always to receive self discipline and benefits of fasting and it was connected to the way if life via Sanatam Dharma practices. Within Hinduism, the primary purpose of fasting on ekadashi is to gain control over the mind and bodily senses, and channel it towards spiritual progression. In addition, there are several health benefits linked to fasting. High protein and carbohydrate-containing foods such as beans and grains are not consumed. Instead, only fruit, vegetables, and milk products are eaten. This period of abstinence starts from sunrise on the day of ekadashi to sunrise on\n\nSonta () is a village located in the municipality of Apatin, West Ba\u010dka District, Vojvodina, Serbia. The village has a Croat ethnic majority and its population numbering 4,238 people (2011 census). Name According to some sources, inhabitants of Sonta originating from Herzegovina and they came to this village under the leadership of Sonda Vidakovi\u0107, thus the name of Sonta derived from the name of this person. In Serbian Cyrillic the village is known as \u0421\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430, in Croatian as Sonta, in Hungarian as Szond, and in German as Waldau. History It was first mentioned in the 12th century under name Zund. In Ottoman records, Sonta was mentioned as a settlement with 36 families, while in 1898, its population numbered 4,972 inhabitants and 650 houses. During the 1920s, the village was moved 3 km to the north from its original location because of the large floods of the river Danube. On the\n\nA solenoid voltmeter is a specific type of voltmeter electricians use to test electrical power circuits. It uses a solenoid coil to attract a spring-loaded plunger; the movement of the plunger is calibrated in terms of approximate voltage. It is more rugged than a D'arsonval movement, but neither as sensitive nor as precise. Wiggy is the registered trademark for a common solenoid voltmeter used in North America derived from a device patent assigned to the Wigginton Company, US patent number 1,538,906. Operation Rather than using a D'Arsonval movement or digital electronics, the solenoid voltmeter simply uses a spring-loaded solenoid carrying a pointer (it might also be described as a form of moving iron meter). Greater voltage creates more magnetism pulling the solenoid's core in further against the spring loading, moving the pointer. A short scale converts the pointer's movement into the voltage reading. Solenoid voltmeters usually have a scale on\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Sonta is.", "output": "Sonta is a village located in the municipality of Apatin, West Ba\u010dka District, Vojvodina, Serbia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bj\u00f8rn Lomborg (; born 6 January 1965) is a Danish author and the president of the think tank Copenhagen Consensus Center. He is the former director of the Danish government's Environmental Assessment Institute (EAI) in Copenhagen. He became internationally known for his best-selling and controversial book The Skeptical Environmentalist (2001). This book's claim that many environmental issues are overstated was criticised by the scientific community and brought Lomborg popular media attention. In 2002, Lomborg and the Environmental Assessment Institute founded the Copenhagen Consensus. In 2004, he was listed as one of Time's 100 most influential people. In his subsequent book, Cool It (2007), and its film adaptation, Lomborg outlined his views on global warming, many of which contradict the scientific consensus on climate change. These views include the claim that the negative impacts are overstated and his opposition to climate change mitigation. Lomborg agrees that global warming is real and\n\nMika\u0142aj U\u0142a\u0161\u010dyk (Belarusian language: \u041c\u0456\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u0423\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0447\u044b\u043a Mikalai Ulashchyk; Russian: \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0423\u043b\u0430\u0449\u0438\u043a; February 14, 1906 \u2013 November 22, 1986) was a Belarusian academic historian and archaeologist known for significant contributions to the research in the medieval history of Belarus. Biography He was born in the village of Vicka\u016d\u0161\u010dyna close to Minsk. His birthplace later became a subject of one of his works. In 1929 Mika\u0142aj U\u0142a\u0161\u010dyk graduated from the Belarusian State University, specialised in history. In 1930 he was arrested by the NKVD together with a large number of Belarusian intellectuals accused of \"anti-Soviet activity\" and \"nationalism\" within the framed-up Case of the Union of Liberation of Belarus. He was deported to a labor camp close to Vyatka. After his release in 1935 he was again twice arrested and imprisoned in the following years (1941\u20131942, 1950\u20131955) because of his active opposing the official Soviet propagandist historiography. After the final release\n\nLehane () is an uncommon Irish surname, typically from County Cork. \u00d3 Liath\u00e1in is more frequently anglicized as Lane or Lyons. Most people with this surname derive from the ancient Munster kingdom of U\u00ed Liath\u00e1in, which was powerful in the early to mid 1st millennium, and one of the few important Irish kingdoms to have colonies in Britain, documented in both Irish and Welsh sources (see Byrne 2001; \u00d3 Corr\u00e1in 2001). Later U\u00ed Liath\u00e1in became politically marginalized when the E\u00f3ganachta, or more specifically the descendants of Conall Corc, came to power - although the rath they accepted from the new dynasty was the largest (Byrne 2001) - but remained relatively independent until disintegrating in the later Middle Ages. U\u00ed Liath\u00e1in was the sister kingdom of U\u00ed Fidgenti, and thus its people share common ancestry with the O'Donovans, \u00d3 Coile\u00e1ins, and others. More distantly all are related to the historical E\u00f3ganachta\n\nQuestion: Who is Bj\u00f8rn Lomborg", "output": "Bj\u00f8rn Lomborg is a Danish author and the president of the think tank Copenhagen Consensus Center."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In Arthurian legend, Gringolet is Sir Gawain's powerful war horse. Derivation of name Israel Gollancz in the early 20th century suggested that Gringolet was derived from the giant Wade's magic boat, Guingelot or *Wingolet \u2013 one form of magical transport (horse) being substituted for an earlier one (boat). More generally accepted is the suggestion by the prominent Arthurian scholar Roger Sherman Loomis that the French name Gringalet derived from either the Welsh guin-calet (\"white and hardy\"), or keincaled (\"handsome and hardy\") \u2013 linked to a wider Celtic tradition of heroic white horses with red ears. Appearances His earliest appearance is in Chr\u00e9tien de Troyes' Erec and Enide; in that poem he is borrowed by Sir Kay to joust against Erec. Even Gringolet cannot prevent Kay from losing to the protagonist. In the Lancelot-Grail Cycle, Gawain wins Gringolet from the Saxon king Clarion; a different story of the acquisition is given\n\nThe Cimicomorpha are an infraorder of insects in the order Hemiptera, the true bugs. The rostrum and other morphology of all members apparently is adapted to feeding on animals as their prey or hosts. Members include bed bugs, bat bugs, assassin bugs, and pirate bugs. The two infraorders Cimicomorpha and Pentatomorpha have very similar characteristics, possibly as a result of the evolution of plant feeding. The key similarity that unites the Cimicomorpha and Pentatomorpha is the loss of the arolia (adhesive pads) on the pretarsi of the insects. These two infraorders comprise 90% of Heteroptera species. These insects are a part of the old, informal classification of \u201cGeocorisae\u201d (land bugs). Among these bugs, parental care has evolved several times. Parental care varies from brooding of the eggs by the female, to a more active form that involves protection of young against predators and the female covering the nymphs under her\n\nUSS Coolbaugh (DE-217) was a in service with the United States Navy from 1943 to 1960. She was scrapped in 1973. Namesake Coolbaugh was named in honor of Lieutenant (junior grade) Walter Wesley Coolbaugh. He was born on 1 August 1914 in Ransom, Pennsylvania. He enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve for aviation training on 14 November 1940. Serving in a scouting squadron in the Pacific, he received the Navy Cross for his conduct in the Battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942. Coolbaugh was promoted to lieutenant (junior grade) on 1 October 1942, and lost his life in an aircraft accident on 19 December 1942. History USS Coolbaugh was launched 29 May 1943 by Philadelphia Navy Yard; sponsored by Mrs. A. Coolbaugh; and commissioned 15 October 1943. World War II, 1943\u20131945 After escorting merchantmen across the Pacific, Coolbaugh reached Efate 8 February 1944, and at once began\n\nQuestion: What is Cimicomorpha?", "output": "The Cimicomorpha are an infraorder of insects in the order Hemiptera, the true bugs."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ordinary Magic is a 1993 Canadian film about a boy who is raised in India by his father. The story is based on the novel Ganesh by Malcolm Bosse with Canada substituting in the film for the book's Midwestern USA location. This film marked the debut of Ryan Reynolds. The movie was shot in Sri Lanka. Plot Jeffrey/Ganesh (Ryan Reynolds) has been raised with the ideals of social activism as part of his everyday life. His father spends the better part of their lives fighting for social justice in India. After his father dies, fifteen-year-old Jeffrey is sent to live with his aunt Charlotte (Glenne Headly) in the small town of Paris, Ontario. Through several comedic situations and with considerable effort, he manages to make friends and fit into his new, much smaller world of his. However, when his aunt receives an unfair eviction notice from her sleazy landlord (Paul\n\nEva Kaili (; born 26 October 1978) is a Greek politician who has been a member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2014. She served as one of fourteen vice presidents of the European Parliament from January 2022 until she was arrested in December 2022 and charged with corruption as part of the Qatar corruption scandal at the European Parliament. Kaili was a Member of the Hellenic Parliament from 2007 to 2012. Before her political career, she was a news presenter for Greek television channel MEGA Channel from 2004 to 2007. Following her arrest on 9 December 2022, Kaili was held in pre-trial detention in Brussels until 14 April 2023, when she was released to house arrest with an electronic bracelet, a measure that was lifted on 25 May. Through her lawyers, Kaili has denied all charges and has accused the Belgian authorities of using torture against her. Early life\n\nThe Indian Nation Turnpike, also designated State Highway 375 (SH-375), is a toll road in southeastern Oklahoma, United States, running between Hugo and Henryetta, a distance of . It is the longest tollway in the state. Route description The Indian Nation Turnpike is built to parkway-like design standards, omitting a center barrier and left-hand shoulders for a slightly mounded grassy median that is flush with the edge of the left lane in each direction. However, the median is slowly being upgraded to a cable barrier with left shoulders bordering it. The turnpike's speed limit is from I-40 south to north of US-270/OK-1, and from there to the southern terminus it is 75 mph (120 km/h). Law enforcement along the Indian Nation Turnpike is provided by Oklahoma Highway Patrol Troop XC, a special troop assigned to the turnpike. The only service plaza along the entire turnpike is located just north of\n\nQuestion: What is Indian Nation Turnpike?", "output": "The Indian Nation Turnpike, also designated State Highway 375, is a toll road in southeastern Oklahoma, United States, running between Hugo and Henryetta, a distance of ."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Irving \"Sully\" Boyar (December 14, 1923 \u2013 March 23, 2001) was an American actor of Russian-Jewish descent. Boyar was one of seven children, some of whom grew up to become lawyers and businessmen. He also worked as a lawyer before turning to acting. He had a twin brother named Samuel. A life member of the Actors Studio, he worked with Al Pacino in Dog Day Afternoon (1975) as the bank manager Mulvaney. His many other film credits included The Panic in Needle Park (1971), The King of Marvin Gardens (1972), The Gambler (1974), Car Wash (1976), The Deadliest Season (1977), Oliver's Story (1978), Night of the Juggler (1980), The Jazz Singer (1980), Fort Apache, The Bronx (1981), The Entity (1982), Too Scared to Scream (1985), Prizzi's Honor (1985), Best Seller (1987), The Lemon Sisters (1989), Betsy's Wedding (1990), In the Soup (1992), and Just the Ticket (1999). He was also\n\nMichael \"Jakko\" Jakszyk ( , born Michael Lee Curran, 8 June 1958) is an English musician, record producer, and actor. He has released several solo albums as a singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. He is best known as lead singer and second guitarist of King Crimson between 2013 and 2021 succeeding Adrian Belew in the role. His work has been variously credited to \"Jakko\", \"Jakko Jakszyk\", and \"Jakko M. Jakszyk\". Before joining King Crimson, he led bands for over thirty years, including 64 Spoons, Dizrhythmia, 21st Century Schizoid Band, Jakszyk Fripp Collins, and Rapid Eye Movement. He was a member of Level 42, the Lodge, and the Tangent and has collaborated with Tom Robinson, Peter Blegvad, Danny Thompson, Gavin Harrison, Warren Harry, Pandit Dinesh, and Dave Stewart. Jakszyk has also worked as a session musician and soundtrack producer. Biography Roots and childhood (1958\u20131974) Jakszyk was born at Whittington Hospital in Archway,\n\nThe Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation is an American/Canadian based Standards Developer Organization (SDO). The Joint Committee, created in 1975, represents a coalition of major professional associations formed in 1975 to develop evaluation standards and improve the quality of standardized evaluation. The Committee has thus far published three sets of standards for evaluations. The Personnel Evaluation Standards (2nd edition) was published in 1988 and updated in 2008, The Program Evaluation Standards (2nd edition) was published in 1994 (the third edition of which is in draft form as of 2008), and The Student Evaluation Standards was published in 2003. The Joint Committee is a private nonprofit organization. It is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Standards approved by ANSI become American National Standards . In addition to setting standards in evaluation, it also is involved in reviewing and updating its published standards (every five years); training policymakers,\n\nQuestion: Who was Jakko Jakszyk?", "output": "Michael \"Jakko\" Jakszyk is an English musician, record producer, and actor."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Winnie the Pooh in the Hundred Acre Wood is a single player adventure game created by Al Lowe for Sierra On-Line, originally released in 1984 for the Commodore 64. It is based on Disney's Winnie the Pooh franchise. Plot The Hundred Acre Wood was populated with characters from A. A. Milne's Winnie the Pooh series of short stories. Each character had lost an item of value to them and wanted the item returned. The player moves through the Hundred Acre Wood and collects the missing items then returns them to their rightful owners. Only one item can be carried at a time, so picking up one item means leaving behind of whatever item is currently being carried. Some screens have interactive sub-elements. For example: the player could \"climb\" Pooh's tree and see the limb where he kept his honey pots safely out of the reach of flood waters (a reference\n\nAaron Payne (born 18 November 1982) is an Australian rugby league coach and former professional player who is the head coach of the Townsville Blackhawks in the Intrust Super Cup. Primarily a , he played his entire career for the North Queensland Cowboys. Background Born in Townsville, Queensland, Payne played his junior rugby league for the Central Tigers and attended Kirwan State High School before being signed by the North Queensland Cowboys. His father, Mark, played two games for Queensland in 1979. Playing career In 1999, while playing for Centrals, Payne represented the Queensland under-17 team, starting at halfback in a loss to New South Wales. In 2001, he represented the Queensland under-19 team, coming off the bench in a 28\u201314 win over the Blues. In Round 12 of the 2002 NRL season, Payne made his NRL debut for the Cowboys in a 40\u201332 win over the St George Illawarra\n\nGerald \"Gerry\" Kearby (June 22, 1947 \u2013 August 6, 2012) was an entrepreneur who rose to prominence during the \"dot-com\" boom of the late 1990s. He worked predominantly with music and audio-related electronics and software companies. He was co-founder, CEO and president of Liquid Audio, Inc. In that position, he testified before the US Congress regarding digital music distribution. At Liquid Audio he also drove development of digital audio watermarking technology since acquired and used by Microsoft. At its peak, Liquid Audio had a market capitalization close to $1 billion. Prior to Liquid Audio, Kearby was co-founder and chief executive officer of Integrated Media Systems, a manufacturer of computer-based professional audio equipment from June 1995 to December 1995. From January 1989 until June 1995, Mr. Kearby served as vice president of sales and marketing at Studer Editech Corporation, a professional audio recording division of the Studer company. Kearby created some\n\nQuestion: Who is Aaron Payne?", "output": "Aaron Payne is an Australian rugby league coach and former professional player who is the head coach of the Townsville Blackhawks in the Intrust Super Cup."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Salem's Seven is a fictional team of magical beings and former supervillains appearing in Marvel Comics. They were initially foes of the Scarlet Witch and the Fantastic Four, but became allies to both. All seven are the children of Nicholas Scratch and the grandchildren of Agatha Harkness. They are humans with magic powers who can transform into fantastic creatures with super-powers. Publication history The team first appeared in Fantastic Four #186 (September 1977), and was created by Len Wein and George P\u00e9rez. Fictional history Salem's Seven originated in New Salem, Colorado, a hidden town in an unsettled part of the Rocky Mountains, populated entirely by magic users who mostly lived in fear of normal humanity due to the persecution they faced during the Salem witch trials. Salem's Seven were fathered by Nicholas Scratch with different mothers. Scratch's own mother Agatha Harkness was the most powerful of the town's inhabitants, but\n\nThe National League Championship Series (NLCS), also known as the National League Pennant, is a best-of-seven playoff and one of two League Championship Series comprising the penultimate round of Major League Baseball's (MLB) postseason. It is contested by the winners of the two National League (NL) Division Series. The winner of the NLCS wins the NL pennant and advances to the World Series, MLB's championship series, to play the winner of the American League's (AL) Championship Series. The NLCS began in 1969 as a best-of-five playoff and used this format until 1985, when it changed to a best-of-seven format. History Prior to 1969, the National League champion (the \"pennant winner\") was determined by the best win\u2013loss record at the end of the regular season. There were four ad hoc three-game playoff series due to ties under this formulation (in 1946, 1951, 1959, and 1962). A structured postseason series began in\n\nOp\u00e9ration Nez rouge (literally, \"Operation Red Nose\"), founded in 1984, is an escorting service offered in Quebec and several francophone countries, as well as other places in Canada using both the French name and Operation Red Nose during the Christmas holiday season. Description The escorting service is offered to anyone who does not feel capable of driving due to alcohol consumption, fatigue, or any reason. Although it is a free service, donations are accepted. Each year during the holiday season, an advertising campaign reminds the public to use the service if necessary. When needing a ride, the client first calls the organization. The client must have his/her own car\u2014it is not a taxi service. An escort team of three volunteers arrives. One volunteer, the 'escort driver', uses his or her own car to drive the other two volunteers to the client's location. The 'designated driver' volunteer then drives the client\n\nQuestion: What is Salem's Seven?", "output": "Salem's Seven is a fictional team of magical beings and former supervillains appearing in Marvel Comics."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alexei Vasilievich Gusarov () (born July 8, 1964) is a Russian former ice hockey defenceman. He played for the Quebec Nordiques, Colorado Avalanche, New York Rangers and St. Louis Blues. Playing career Born in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Gusarov was a veteran of the Soviet national team before playing in the NHL. He won the Stanley Cup with the Colorado Avalanche in 1996. He is a member of the Triple Gold Club, having won the 1989 IIHF World Championship, the 1996 Stanley Cup, and the Olympic gold medal in 1988. Standing 6'2\" and weighing in at 183 lb (83 kg), Gusarov was selected 213th overall by Quebec Nordiques in the 1988 NHL Entry Draft. Gusarov is considered to be one of the finest Russian defensemen to play in the NHL. Retirement After his playing career ended Gusarov retired to Colorado where he started coaching the AAA hockey club Evolution. He\n\nIn geometry, a convex uniform honeycomb is a uniform tessellation which fills three-dimensional Euclidean space with non-overlapping convex uniform polyhedral cells. Twenty-eight such honeycombs are known: the familiar cubic honeycomb and 7 truncations thereof; the alternated cubic honeycomb and 4 truncations thereof; 10 prismatic forms based on the uniform plane tilings (11 if including the cubic honeycomb); 5 modifications of some of the above by elongation and/or gyration. They can be considered the three-dimensional analogue to the uniform tilings of the plane. The Voronoi diagram of any lattice forms a convex uniform honeycomb in which the cells are zonohedra. History 1900: Thorold Gosset enumerated the list of semiregular convex polytopes with regular cells (Platonic solids) in his publication On the Regular and Semi-Regular Figures in Space of n Dimensions, including one regular cubic honeycomb, and two semiregular forms with tetrahedra and octahedra. 1905: Alfredo Andreini enumerated 25 of these tessellations.\n\nG\u00fcnter Nooke (born January 21, 1959) is a German CDU politician and a former civil rights activist. Background Nooke was born in Forst (Lausitz), Germany, a small town in Brandenburg. He grew up there only 150 km (90 mi) southeast of Berlin, in the communist German Democratic Republic (GDR), near the Polish border. He was educated in Forst, Cottbus and at the University of Leipzig, where he studied physics from 1980 to 1985. After graduating Nooke worked as a research assistant, latterly as a head of section from 1985 to 1990 at the industrial hygiene inspectorate in Cottbus. He currently works as Director Internationals Affairs at Worldwide Hospitals (WWH), a global healthcare company that offers flexible solutions that fill gaps in medical infrastructure. He is married to sociologist Maria Nooke. They have three children. Political career Since 1987, Nooke had been a member of a church opposition group and got\n\nQuestion: Tell me about G\u00fcnter Nooke.", "output": "G\u00fcnter Nooke is a German CDU politician and a former civil rights activist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The were an array of economic policies introduced between 1841 and 1843 by the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan. These reforms were efforts to resolve perceived problems in military, economic, agricultural, financial and religious systems. The changes were intended to address problems in local politics, but they were also addressed more broadly to \"domestic uneasiness.\" The perceived need for change led to the arrest of many prominent political figures and writers. The reforms became a precursor of reforms initiated after the Meiji Restoration two decades later. The Tenp\u014d Reforms were mostly instituted by Mizuno Tadakuni. Notably, the restrictions on entertainment were enforced solely by him and when he was removed from government in 1845, they ceased to be enforced. Besides this new coinage was issued and commodity price controls were lifted. Immigration to Edo was prohibited and the formation of societies as well as Rangaku (Dutch Learning) was banned. An annual\n\nNena Daconte () is a Spanish pop band created and led by singer and composer Mai Meneses in Barcelona circa 2005. The band takes its name inspired by a character from the short story \"The Trail Of Your Blood On The Snow\", by Gabriel Garc\u00eda M\u00e1rquez. Early years Fanlo left the formation and Mai Meneses continues as the lead singer and songwriter of Nena Daconte. Before the creation of Nena Daconte, Mai Meneses participated in the second edition of a Spanish TV singing contest called Operacion Triunfo. Discography He Perdido los Zapatos (2006) Nena Daconte's first album was titled He perdido los zapatos (I\u00b4ve Lost My Shoes) and it was edited and produced by Daconte Music, the band's own record label, in 2005. Shortly after, Nena Daconte signed with music label Universal Music Spain, and the album was released and sold to the public on 27 March 2006. The music\n\nChelsea Pitch Owners plc is a nonprofit organisation which is part of Chelsea Football Club, tasked with the upkeep of the stadium. It owns both the freehold of the Stamford Bridge stadium and the naming rights of Chelsea Football Club. History Chelsea suffered serious financial troubles during the 1970s and 1980s following a large-scale attempt to renovate Stamford Bridge. The financial crisis and a subsequent change of ownership at the club culminated in the sale of the club's freehold to property developers Marler Estates (and subsequently Cabra Estates). The move almost saw Chelsea lose the stadium. The future of the stadium (and hence the club) was only secured in 1992, when the property developers were bankrupted by a market crash, allowing the then-chairman Ken Bates to do a deal with their bankers and to regain control of the stadium for the football club. Following this, Chelsea Pitch Owners was created,\n\nQuestion: What's Nena Daconte?", "output": "Nena Daconte is a Spanish pop band created and led by singer and composer Mai Meneses in Barcelona circa 2005."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A wash sale is a sale of a security (stocks, bonds, options) at a loss and repurchase of the same or substantially identical security (judging by CUSIP or Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures numbers) shortly before or after. Losses from such sales are not deductible in most cases under the Internal Revenue Code in the United States. Wash sale regulations disallow an investor who holds an unrealized loss from accelerating a tax deduction into the current tax year, unless the investor is out of the position for some significant length of time. A wash sale can take place at any time during the year, or across year boundaries. In the United Kingdom, a similar practice which specifically takes place at the end of a calendar year is known as bed and breakfasting. In a bed-and-breakfasting transaction, a position is sold on the last trading day of the year (typically\n\nBashunosaurus is a genus of potentially macronarian sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation of Kaijiang, China. The type and only species is Bashunosaurus kaijiangensis. Discovery The holotype of Bashunosaurus, KM 20100, was discovered in sediments of the lower Shaximiao Formation in Maanping, Sichuan Province, China. It consists of six cervical vertebrae, eight dorsal vertebrae, a partial left scapula, and a right humerus, ulna, ilium, femur, tibia, and fibula. An additional right ilium, specimen KM 20103, was assigned as a paratype. History The name \"Bashunosaurus kaijiangensis\" first appeared in Ouyang's description of Abrosaurus in 1989, although without a description or diagnosis, making it a nomen nudum (i.e. a nickname that is unavailable for use as an actual scientific name). Li et al. (1999), however, attribute the naming to \"Kuang, 1996\", still considering it a nomen nudum. Although it was finally formally named by Kuang in 2004, George Olshevsky's influential\n\nThe Ellis Island Casino & Brewery is located near the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The casino offers 350 gaming devices, as well as restaurants, a Karaoke bar and a brewery. History The Village Pub was opened in 1967 by Frank Ellis, who eventually passed it on to his son, Gary. The name was changed to Ellis Island in 1985. On September 19, 1997, Ellis Island opened a large portion of a $12 million renovation and expansion, which doubled its slot machine count to 410 and introduced table games by adding six blackjack tables. In 1995 Ellis relaunched the Village Pub brand. As of 2020, the family owns and operates 12 Village Pub restaurants in the Las Vegas area. Ellis agreed in 2004 to manage and take joint ownership of the nearby Tuscany Suites and Casino, which had struggled to attract customers in its first year. The agreement fell\n\nQuestion: Define Bashunosaurus.", "output": "Bashunosaurus is a genus of potentially macronarian sauropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation of Kaijiang, China."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Bhagavad Guitars were an indie-rock band which formed in 1985 as Inner Circle in Canberra by Jeremy Butterworth on guitar and vocals, Kynan Hughes on bass guitar and Matt Kerr on drums and John Kilbey (under the pseudonym, John Underwood, for their first three releases to distance himself from brother Steve Kilbey and his band, the Church) on guitar and vocals. Hughes was replaced successively by Adrian Workman and then by Tony Locke. They recorded three 12 inch extended plays for Red Eye before recording a studio album, Introversion, in 1991 which was shelved due to record company disputes until July 1996. Meanwhile, they issued their first album, Hypnotised, in May 1992 via Karmic Hit/Shock, and disbanded in 1998. The group reformed in 2008 to record a new album, Unfamiliar Places, released in May 2011. History The Bhagavad Guitars were formed in 1985 as Inner Circle in Canberra by\n\nHuangfu Song (died April 195), courtesy name Yizhen, was a military general who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty of China. He is best known for helping to suppress the Yellow Turban Rebellion and Liang Province Rebellion. He was one of three imperial commanders when the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out, along with Zhu Jun and Lu Zhi. He was known to be a modest and generous person. Lu Zhi was removed from command after the eunuch Zuo Feng (\u5de6\u8c50) made false accusations against him; Lu Zhi had refused to bribe Zuo Feng. Huangfu Song, who took over command of the imperial troops from Lu Zhi, continued to use Lu as a strategist and reported his contributions to the imperial court. Thus, in the same year, Lu Zhi regained his post as Master of Writing (\u5c1a\u4e66). Life Huangfu Song was a nephew of Huangfu Gui (\u7687\u752b\u89c4), a military general, and\n\nEnlightened Rogues is the sixth studio album by American rock band the Allman Brothers Band. Produced by Tom Dowd, the album was released in February 1979 in the United States by Capricorn Records and PolyGram Records elsewhere. The Allman Brothers Band had broken up in 1976 following internal turmoil, amplified by escalating drug use. The band members splintered into different acts \u2014 among those Great Southern, Sea Level, and the Gregg Allman Band. Guitarist Dickey Betts approached his bandmates in 1978 with the prospects of a reunion. After two former members declined to return, they added new members which made it the first to feature guitarist Dan Toler and bassist David Goldflies. Living together in Sarasota, Florida, they rehearsed and wrote the material for their next album in fall 1978. They began recording Enlightened Rogues that December, and recording stretched into the new year. Sessions took place in Criteria Studios\n\nQuestion: What is The Bhagavad Guitars", "output": "The Bhagavad Guitars were an indie-rock band which formed in 1985 as Inner Circle in Canberra by Jeremy Butterworth on guitar and vocals, Kynan Hughes on bass guitar and Matt Kerr on drums and John Kilbey on guitar and vocals."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Garrya is a genus of flowering plants in the family Garryaceae native to Mexico, the western United States, Central America and the Greater Antilles. Common names include silk tassel and tassel bush. They are evergreen dioecious wind-pollinated shrubs growing to tall. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, and are simple, leathery, dark green to gray-green, ovate, long, with an entire margin and a short petiole. The flowers are gray-green catkins, short and spreading when first produced in late summer; the male catkins becoming long () and pendulous in late winter when shedding pollen; the female catkins usually a little shorter and less pendulous. The fruit is a round dry berry containing two seeds. Species Garrya buxifolia \u2013 dwarf silktassel; western Oregon, northern California Garrya congdonii \u2013 chaparral silktassel; California Garrya corvorum \u2013 Guatemala Garrya elliptica \u2013 coast silktassel, wavyleaf silktassel; western Oregon, western California Garrya fadyenii \u2013 Fadyen's silktassel;\n\nA Rubik's Snake (also Rubik's Twist, Rubik's Transformable Snake, Rubik\u2019s Snake Puzzle) is a toy with 24 wedges that are right isosceles triangular prisms. The wedges are connected by spring bolts, so that they can be twisted, but not separated. By being twisted, the Rubik's Snake can be made to resemble a wide variety of objects, animals, or geometric shapes. Its \"ball\" shape in its packaging is a non-uniform concave rhombicuboctahedron. The snake was invented by Ern\u0151 Rubik, better known as the inventor of the Rubik's Cube. Rubik's Snake was released during 1981 at the height of the Rubik's Cube craze. According to Ern\u0151 Rubik: \"The snake is not a problem to be solved; it offers infinite possibilities of combination. It is a tool to test out ideas of shape in space. Speaking theoretically, the number of the snake's combinations is limited. But speaking practically, that number is limitless, and\n\nMaurice Carthon (born April 24, 1961) is an American former professional football player and coach. Carthon played as a fullback in the United States Football League (USFL) and National Football League (NFL) for a total of 11 seasons. After his playing career ended, he became a coach, and served as the offensive coordinator for three NFL teams. Early years Carthon attended Osceola High School in Osceola, Arkansas, and was a letterman in football and basketball. In football, he was a two-time All-Conference honoree where he played tight end. In basketball, he was named the state's Most Valuable Player as a senior. College career Carthon accepted a football scholarship from Arkansas State University, where he was coached by Larry Lacewell. In football, he was a two-time All-Southland Conference selection, and as a senior, he was the team's captain and led the team in rushing yards (682). He finished his college career\n\nQuestion: Who is Maurice Carthon", "output": "Maurice Carthon is an American former professional football player and coach."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Programmed learning (or programmed instruction) is a research-based system which helps learners work successfully. The method is guided by research done by a variety of applied psychologists and educators. The learning material is in a kind of textbook or teaching machine or computer. The medium presents the material in a logical and tested sequence. The text is in small steps or larger chunks. After each step, learners are given a question to test their comprehension. Then immediately the correct answer is shown. This means the learner at all stages makes responses, and is given immediate knowledge of results. Anticipating programmed learning, Edward L. Thorndike wrote in 1912: Thorndike, however, did nothing with his idea. The first such system was devised by Sidney L. Pressey in 1926. \"The first... [teaching machine] was developed by Sidney L. Pressey... While originally developed as a self-scoring machine... [it] demonstrated its ability to actually teach.\"\n\nBarcelonnette (; , also ; obsolete ) is a commune of France and a subprefecture in the department of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, in the Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur region. It is located in the southern French Alps, at the crossroads between Provence, Piedmont and the Dauphin\u00e9, and is the largest town in the Ubaye Valley. The town's inhabitants are known as Barcelonnettes. Toponymy Barcelonnette was founded and named in 1231, by Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence. While the town's name is generally seen as a diminutive form of Barcelona in Catalonia, Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing point out an earlier attestation of the name Barcilona in Barcelonnette in around 1200, and suggest that it is derived instead from two earlier stems signifying a mountain, *bar and *cin (the latter of which is also seen in the name of Mont Cenis). In the Vivaro-Alpine dialect of Occitan, the town is known as Barcilona de\n\nThe Syria Times () is an English-language Syrian daily e-newspaper. Profile The Syria Times was published by Tishreen Organization for Press and Publishing, a government-owned company that publishes the leading Arabic daily Tishreen. As of 2000, these two newspapers had a circulation of 5,000 and 60,000, respectively. Condemnation of Iraq war In March and April 2003, The Syria Times received some international attention due to its harsh condemnation of the US-led war against Iraq, well in line with the official Syrian discourse in the debates of the UN Security Council. For instance, The Irish Times noticed that \u201cThe Syria Times attacked Bush's \"unholy war\" and his \"imperialist strategy to control the Arab oil-rich region\u201d\u201d. In an interview with The Middle East magazine, Fuad Mardood, editor of The Syria Times, said: \u201cI cannot imagine that there is anyone in Syria who wants to attack our policy (\u2026) You can find people\n\nQuestion: What's Barcelonnette?", "output": "Barcelonnette is a commune of France and a subprefecture in the department of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, in the Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur region."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ola Snortheim (born December 3, 1954, Harpefoss) is a Norwegian artist and record producer. Snortheim is the son of the folk-musician Olav Snortheim. Known as one of the most important drummers on the Norwegian rock-scene of the 1980s and 1990s, he has played in many bands, often together with guitarist J\u00f8rn Christensen. The most famous of the rock-bands Snortheim have played in was De Press. The group won the prize Spellemannprisen in the class New Rock in 1981, after releasing the album Block to Block. Snortheim is the founder of the electronica-group Langsomt Mot Nord. Ola Snortheim has played in the following Norwegian bands: Blaupunkt Cirkus Modern De Press Langsomt Mot Nord Lonely Crowd Montasje Norske Gutter Spastisk Ekstase Sterk, Naken og Biltyvene Streethawks The Tourettes References Sources in Norwegian Ola Snortheim Wikipedia Ola Snortheim Rockipedia External links Ola Snortheim's discography at Discogs Langsomt Mot Nord's official web-page 1954 births\n\nBrataccas is a science fiction action-adventure game released in 1985 for the Amiga, Atari ST, and Macintosh. It was the first game published by Psygnosis. Brataccas is built on the remains of the much-hyped vaporware project Bandersnatch, which was partially developed by Imagine Software. The storied tale of the game's development led to close press attention in the UK computer market. When Brataccas finally shipped, this attention resulted in considerable coverage in the computer press. It was generally reviewed poorly due to significant control problems, although the graphics were widely praised. Plot The player controls Kyne, a genetic engineer who has developed technology for creating supermen. The oppressive government of the day desires this research to create a breed of supersoldier, but Kyne refuses to assist. In retaliation, the government frames him for treason, claiming that he is seeking to sell his work to the underworld. At the same time,\n\nNicola Jane Walker (born 15 May 1970) is an English actress, known for her starring roles in various British television programmes from the 1990s onwards, including that of Ruth Evershed in the spy drama Spooks (2003\u20132006 and 2009\u20132011) and DCI Cassie Stuart in Unforgotten (2015\u20132021). She has also worked in theatre, radio and film. She won the 2013 Olivier Award for Best Supporting Actress for the play The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time and was twice nominated for the BAFTA TV Award for Best Supporting Actress for the BBC drama Last Tango in Halifax. Her voice roles include Doctor Who companion Liv Chenka in various Big Finish audio plays (2011-present) and Eleanor Peck in The Lovecraft Investigations (2019-2020). Early life Walker was born in Stepney in the East End of London and has an elder brother. She attended Saint Nicholas School at Old Harlow in Essex, and\n\nQuestion: What's Brataccas?", "output": "Brataccas is a science fiction action-adventure game released in 1985 for the Amiga, Atari ST, and Macintosh."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Margaret of Thuringia or Margaret of Saxony (1449 \u2013 13 July 1501) was a German noblewoman, Electress of Brandenburg by marriage. She was the daughter of William III, Landgrave of Thuringia and Anne of Austria, Duchess of Luxembourg suo jure. Family and children On 15 August 1476, in Berlin, she married John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg. They had the following children: Wolfgang, born and died 1482. Joachim I Nestor (21 February 1484\u201311 July 1535), Elector Brandenburg. Elisabeth, born and died 1486. Albert (1490, Berlin\u201324 September 1545, Mainz), Cardinal since 1518, Archbishop of Magdeburg in 1513-14, Archbishop of Mainz in 1514-45. Anna (27 August 1487, Berlin\u20133 May 1514, Kiel), married 10 April 1502 to the future King Frederick I of Denmark (she was never queen consort, since she died before her husband's accession). Ursula (17 October 1488\u201318 September 1510, G\u00fcstrow), married 16 February 1507 to Henry V, Duke of Mecklenburg. References\n\nLynnette Marie O'Nan (n\u00e9e Cole; born February 9, 1978) is an American television personality, actress, and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title Miss Tennessee USA in 2000. She went on to become the first woman from that state to win the Miss USA pageant, which was held in Branson, Missouri on February 4, 2000. Cole hails from Columbia, Tennessee and was twenty-one years old when she won the national crown. Family background Cole is of Puerto Rican heritage. At ten months old, she was living in foster care with her older brother when they were adopted by Gail and Larry Cole, who had to move interstate to circumvent a law prohibiting adoption of children from a different race. Her adoptive parents had previously been foster parents to a succession of over 100 children. Pageants Cole's first major pageant win came in 1995 when she won the title Miss Tennessee\n\nChristian Falster (January 1, 1690 \u2013 October 24, 1752) was a Danish poet and philologist, born at Branderslev (island of Laaland). He became rector of the school at Ribe. He preferred to live there, refusing to accept better positions, and keeping his rectorship. He published translations of Ovid (1719) and the Satires of Juvenal (1731); 11 original satires on his times, often reprinted (1720\u201339); and in Latin a number of works, such as Viglia Prima Noctium Ripensiun (1721); Memori\u009c Obscur\u009c (1722); Am\u009cnitates Philologic\u009c (three volumes, 1821\u201332). The editors of The Classical Journal wrote that: Falster thought that all learning should be brought to bear upon theology, and, like Erasmus, he that classical authors could contribute much toward sound religion. Falster's work covered a broad field from the history of Greek literature on the one hand, to Latin lexicography on the other, recognizing that philology, in the narrow sense, and literature\n\nQuestion: Who is Margaret of Thuringia", "output": "Margaret of Thuringia or Margaret of Saxony was a German noblewoman, Electress of Brandenburg by marriage."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lothar Machtan (born 4 October 1949) is a German historian, writer, as well as professor of Modern and Current History at the University of Bremen. Early life Born in Gelsenkirchen, Machtan studied history and political sciences at Heidelberg University from 1968 to 1974. 15 years later he became professor of modern history at the University of Bremen. Furthermore, he worked as a researcher in Konstanz, Berlin, Kassel, Halle and at the Claremont McKenna College in California. The main field of his historical work is the cultural history of politics. Career For 30 years, Machtan has researched German history, politics, and socioeconomics. His writings have been featured in newspapers and magazines such as Der Spiegel as well as radio broadcasts. He has been a guest lecturer at international conferences and symposia and a consultant for German TV programs such as Varzin \u2013 Warcino \u2013 Ein unbequemes Erbe (Warcino \u2013 An uncomfortable\n\nToonHeads is an American animation anthology series consisting of Hanna-Barbera, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Warner Bros., and Popeye cartoon shorts, with background information and trivia, prominently about animators and voice actors of the shorts. ToonHeads was originally broadcast on Cartoon Network from October 2, 1992, until November 23, 2003. The series was first announced on the Cartoon Network Special \"Droopy's Guide to the Cartoon Network\" as part of a promotion advertising the various blocks that would appear on the channel and what order they would be shown in. This special was the very first broadcast on the Cartoon Network's launch on October 1, 1992, and was re-aired throughout October 1992. The series includes more than 102 episodes (many undocumented), when including five specials (four one-hour specials and one half-hour special, two of which (\"The Best of the Worst Cartoons Ever\" and \"The Twelve Missing Hares\") were never aired). Format Early seasons feature an\n\nFrancis Robbins Upton (1852 in Peabody, Massachusetts \u2013 March 10, 1921, in Orange, New Jersey) was an American physicist and mathematician. Upton worked alongside Thomas Edison in the development of incandescent light bulbs, electric generators, and electric power distribution. He was the first president of the Edison Pioneers. Early life Francis Upton was the son of Elijah Wood Upton and Lucy Elizabeth Winchester. Elijah was well educated and after, he did European travel. Later he was forced to take over his father's glue business due to his father's illness. Francis was 16 by this time and studying at Phillips Academy in Andover, after he received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1875 at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, ME. There he met Elizabeth F. Perry, later to become his wife. Francis Upton also attended Berlin University and Princeton University. Francis was the first ever to officially receive his doctoral degree from\n\nQuestion: Who is Lothar Machtan", "output": "Lothar Machtan is a German historian, writer, as well as professor of Modern and Current History at the University of Bremen."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The method of image charges (also known as the method of images and method of mirror charges) is a basic problem-solving tool in electrostatics. The name originates from the replacement of certain elements in the original layout with imaginary charges, which replicates the boundary conditions of the problem (see Dirichlet boundary conditions or Neumann boundary conditions). The validity of the method of image charges rests upon a corollary of the uniqueness theorem, which states that the electric potential in a volume V is uniquely determined if both the charge density throughout the region and the value of the electric potential on all boundaries are specified. Alternatively, application of this corollary to the differential form of Gauss' Law shows that in a volume V surrounded by conductors and containing a specified charge density \u03c1, the electric field is uniquely determined if the total charge on each conductor is given. Possessing knowledge\n\nElbert Joseph \"Bertie\" Higgins (born December 8, 1944) is an American singer-songwriter. In 1982, Higgins had a top 40 album with Just Another Day in Paradise. It spawned the hit song \"Key Largo\", which referenced the Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall film of the same name and reached No. 8 on the US Billboard Hot 100, No. 1 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart and No. 50 on the Billboard Country chart. Early career Higgins was born in Tarpon Springs, Florida, United States, and is of Portuguese, Irish and German descent. He once supported himself as a sponge diver, and began his career in show business at the age of twelve as a ventriloquist. He won prizes in local talent contests and became a favorite at school assemblies around Tampa Bay, Florida. Higgins has stated that he is related to German poet, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Higgins' first band played\n\nVouzela () is a municipality in the district Viseu in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 10,564, in an area of 193.69 km2. The present mayor is Rui Ladeira, elected by the Social Democratic Party. The municipal holiday is May 14. Parishes Administratively, the municipality is divided into 9 civil parishes (freguesias): Alcofra Cambra e Carvalhal de Vermilhas Campia Fataun\u00e7os e Figueiredo das Donas Fornelo do Monte Queir\u00e3 S\u00e3o Miguel do Mato Ventosa Vouzela e Pa\u00e7os de Vilharigues Notable people Giles of Santar\u00e9m (ca.1185 \u2013 1265) a Portuguese-Dominican scholar. Jo\u00e3o Ramalho (1493-1582) a Portuguese explorer and adventurer. Sim\u00e3o Rodrigues (1510-1579) a Portuguese-Jesuit priest and one of the co-founders of the Society of Jesus. Paulo Alexandre (born 1931) a Portuguese singer. Lu\u00eds Miguel Silva Tavares (born 1974) known as Lu\u00eds Vouzela, a retired footballer with 510 club caps References External links Town Hall official website Photos from Vouzela Towns in Portugal\n\nQuestion: Who was Bertie Higgins?", "output": "Elbert Joseph \"Bertie\" Higgins is an American singer-songwriter."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Road\u2013Railway Bridge () or Bo\u0161ko Pero\u0161evi\u0107 Bridge () was a bridge on the Danube river in Novi Sad, Serbia. History On 29 May 2000, one year after the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia and demolition of all three large bridges over Danube in Novi Sad, the Road\u2013Railway Bridge was opened upstream from the \u017de\u017eelj Bridge. On the proposal of Slobodan Milo\u0161evi\u0107, at the time President of Yugoslavia, the bridge was named after assassinated Serbian politician and the Chairman of the Executive Council of Vojvodina Bo\u0161ko Pero\u0161evi\u0107. The bridge was designed to be a temporary one-lane railway and road bridge, after the demolition of nearby \u017de\u017eelj Bridge during the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. In October 2018, following the completion of new \u017de\u017eelj Bridge, dismantling of Bo\u0161ko Pero\u0161evi\u0107 Bridge began. As of March 2019, the first phase of bridge dismantling was finished. Gallery See also List of bridges in Serbia List\n\nJames Whitney Young (born January 24, 1941) is an American astronomer who worked in the field of asteroid research. After nearly 47 years with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at their Table Mountain Facility, Young retired July 16, 2009. He was a very prolific minor planet-observer of both physical properties and astrometric positions, and had discovered more than 250 asteroids since 2002, most of them from the main-belt, as well as several near-Earth objects, Mars-crossers and Jupiter trojans. He also discovered SN 2004eg, an extra-galactic supernova. The Florian asteroid 2874 Jim Young was named in his honor. Biography James W. Young (aka Jim Young) was born in Portland, Oregon and recently retired as the resident astronomer of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Table Mountain Observatory (TMO) near Wrightwood, California having been with them for 47 years. Young was the lead technical guide at the NASA exhibit of the Seattle World's Fair during\n\nVerve Energy was a Western Australian Government owned corporation responsible for operating the state's electricity generators on the state's South West Interconnected System (SWIS). It was split from the then vertically integrated Western Power Corporation in 2006, during reforms to the state's electricity sector. The company was merged into Synergy in 2014. Generators Verve Energy owned five major power stations, supplying electricity to the South West Interconnected System: Muja Power Station, east of Collie Collie Power Station, in Collie Kwinana Power Station, in Naval Base heavy industrial suburb Cockburn Power Station, in Cockburn Pinjar Power Station, in Pinjar Mungarra Power Station In addition it owned various other generation plants, including the Albany Wind Farm, wind diesel, and biomass facilities. References External links Government of Western Australia - Office of Energy Government of Western Australia - Office of Energy - Electricity Reform Implementation Unit Australian companies established in 2006 Companies based\n\nQuestion: What is Verve Energy", "output": "Verve Energy was a Western Australian Government owned corporation responsible for operating the state's electricity generators on the state's South West Interconnected System."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sonia Eloise Pottinger OD ( Durrant; 21 June 1931 \u2013 3 November 2010) was a Jamaican reggae record producer. An icon in the music business, Sonia Pottinger was the first female Jamaican record producer and produced artists from the mid-1960s until the mid-1980s. Biography Sonia Durrant was born in Leith Hall, Saint Thomas Parish, Jamaica. She moved to Kingston as a child, and attended St George's girls school. She trained as a secretary and followed an accountancy course before marrying accountant Lindon O. Pottinger. The couple set up several businesses in Kingston, including a bicycle shop and a bakery. In 1961 Lindon Pottinger opened a small recording studio \u2013 the first in Jamaica to be owned by a black person - to produce recordings by local acts. He set up several record labels including Gaydisc and SEP (Sonia's initials), and recorded acts including the Maytals, Derrick Harriott, Lord Tanamo, and\n\nIn logic and computer science, the Boolean satisfiability problem (sometimes called propositional satisfiability problem and abbreviated SATISFIABILITY, SAT or B-SAT) is the problem of determining if there exists an interpretation that satisfies a given Boolean formula. In other words, it asks whether the variables of a given Boolean formula can be consistently replaced by the values TRUE or FALSE in such a way that the formula evaluates to TRUE. If this is the case, the formula is called satisfiable. On the other hand, if no such assignment exists, the function expressed by the formula is FALSE for all possible variable assignments and the formula is unsatisfiable. For example, the formula \"a AND NOT b\" is satisfiable because one can find the values a = TRUE and b = FALSE, which make (a AND NOT b) = TRUE. In contrast, \"a AND NOT a\" is unsatisfiable. SAT is the first problem\n\nThe Women's Royal Australian Naval Service (WRANS) was the women's branch of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). In 1941, fourteen members of the civilian Women's Emergency Signalling Corps (WESC) were recruited for wireless telegraphy work at the Royal Australian Navy Wireless/Transmitting Station Canberra, as part of a trial to free up men for service aboard ships. Although the RAN and the Australian government were initially reluctant to support the idea, the demand for seagoing personnel imposed by the Pacific War saw the WRANS formally established as a women's auxiliary service in 1942. The surge in recruitment led to the development of an internal officer corps. Over the course of World War II, over 3,000 women served in the WRANS. The organisation was disbanded in 1947, but was reestablished in 1951 in response to the manpower demand caused by Cold War commitments. In 1959, the WRANS was designated a permanent part\n\nQuestion: Who is Sonia Pottinger?", "output": "Sonia Eloise Pottinger OD was a Jamaican reggae record producer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Carnegie Deli is a small Jewish delicatessen, formerly a chain, based in New York City. Its main branch, opened in 1937 near Carnegie Hall, was located at 854 7th Avenue (between 54th and 55th Streets) in Midtown Manhattan. It closed on December 31, 2016. There is one branch still in operation at Madison Square Garden in Manhattan, and the deli still operates a wholesale distribution service. The Parker family's delicatessen was in its third generation of owners. Among the United States' most renowned delis, it was operated by a second-generation owner, Marian Harper Levine. The restaurant offered pastrami, corned beef, and other sandwiches containing at least of meat, as well as traditional Jewish fare such as matzoh ball soup, latkes, chopped chicken livers, and lox. The restaurant also offered other, non-Jewish food such as ham, sausage, and bacon. Available for order were cheesecake portions of over per serving. The\n\nAmalaric (; Spanish and Portuguese: Amalarico; 502\u2013531) was king of the Visigoths from 522 until his assassination. He was a son of king Alaric II and his first wife Theodegotha, daughter of Theodoric the Great. Biography When Alaric II was killed while fighting Clovis I, king of the Franks, in the Battle of Vouill\u00e9 (507), his kingdom fell into disarray. \"More serious than the destruction of the Gothic army,\" writes Herwig Wolfram, \"than the loss of both Aquitanian provinces and the capital of Toulose, was the death of the king.\" Alaric had made no provision for a successor, and although he had two sons, one was of age but illegitimate and the other, Amalaric, the offspring of a legal marriage but still a child. Amalaric was carried for safety into Spain, which country and Provence were thenceforth ruled by his maternal grandfather, Theodoric the Great, acting through his vice-regent, an\n\nMinera (; ) is a village and community in Wrexham County Borough, Wales. It adjoins the village of Coedpoeth. The community, which in addition to Minera village includes a number of smaller hamlets such as Gwynfryn and New Brighton and large areas of farmland, had a total population of 1,608 at the 2001 census, increasing slightly to 1,617 at the 2011 Census. History The name Minera has an unusual source, being derived from the low Latin for \"mine\" or \"ore\". This name was recorded as early as 1339. The parallel Welsh name Mwynglawdd translates roughly as \"ore mine\". In common with many Welsh settlements, Minera did not develop as a compact 'village' in the English understanding of the word until the 19th century. Under the manorial administration imposed after the mediaeval English conquest of Wales, Minera existed as a manor and township within the Lordship of Bromfield. Unlike many of\n\nQuestion: What is Amalaric?", "output": "Amalaric was king of the Visigoths from 522 until his assassination."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Erling Kagge (born January 15, 1963) is a Norwegian explorer, publisher, author, lawyer, art collector, entrepreneur and politician. Three Poles Challenge Erling Kagge is the first person to reach the North Pole, South Pole and the summit of Mount Everest on foot. In 1990, Erling Kagge and B\u00f8rge Ousland became the first people ever to reach the North Pole unsupported. The expedition started from Ellesmere Island on March 8, 1990, and reached the North Pole 58 days later on May 4, 1990. They traveled approximately 800 kilometers on skis, pulling their supplies on sledges. In 1992 and 1993, Kagge completed the first unsupported and solo expedition to the South Pole, covering the 814-mile (1,310 km) route in 50 days. Kagge had no radio contact to the outside world for the duration of this expedition, which was featured on the cover of the international edition of Time magazine on March 1,\n\nThe Falling Man is a photograph taken by Associated Press photographer Richard Drew of a man falling from the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks in New York City. The unidentified man in the image was trapped on the upper floors of the North Tower, and it is unclear whether he fell while searching for safety or he jumped to escape the fire and smoke. The photograph was taken at exactly 9:41:15 A.M. on the day of the attacks. The photograph was widely criticized after publication in international media on September 12, 2001, with readers labeling the image as disturbing, cold-blooded, ghoulish, and sadistic. However, in the years following, the photo has gained acclamation. A Time magazine retrospective published in 2016 stated \"Falling Man's identity is still unknown, but he is believed to have been an employee at the Windows on the World restaurant, which sat atop the\n\nAndrew Yarranton (1619\u20131684) was an important English engineer in the 17th century who was responsible for making several rivers into navigable waterways. Biography He was born at Astley, just south of the town of Stourport-on-Severn in Worcestershire, and was from a yeoman family. He was apprenticed to a linen draper in Worcester circa 1632, but left after a few years to live a country life. According to John Aubrey he died violently; 'The cause of death was a beating and thrown into a tub of water'. Civil War Period During the English Civil War he served in the Parliamentary army rising to the rank of captain. In 1646 he became a member of the Worcester County Committee to administer \"parliamentary justice\" to the county and to list and fine all \"delinquents\" who had supported the Royalist cause. After the war, he used the arrears of military pay to speculate in\n\nQuestion: What's The Falling Man?", "output": "The Falling Man is a photograph taken by Associated Press photographer Richard Drew of a man falling from the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks in New York City."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Irene Avaalaaqiaq Tiktaalaaq (born 1941) is one of Canada's most renowned Inuit artists. Her work is rooted in her lived experience, often dealing with themes of being an orphan and Inuit stories her grandmother told her. Avaalaaqiaq Tiktaalaaq is noted for her drawings, prints, and wall hangings. Personal background Avaalaaqiaq Tiktaalaaq was born on the north shore of Tebesjuak Lake near Baker Lake, Nunavut, Canada. Although she believes she was born in 1941, she was once told by an acquaintance that her actual year of birth was 1936. At that time in the area, the dates of births on the land were not generally recorded. Her mother, Gualittuaq, died shortly after Avaalaaqiaq was born, and her father, Itiplui, unable to care for her, so her grandparents raised her on the land in the customary Inuit style. Speaking of her childhood, Avaalaaqiaq Tiktaalaaq said:Whenever I see my wall hangings they remind\n\nTim Etchells (born 1962) is an English artist and writer based in Sheffield and London. Etchells is the artistic director of Forced Entertainment, an experimental performance company founded in 1984. He has published several works of fiction, written about contemporary performance and exhibited his visual art projects in various locations. Etchells' work spans performance, video, photography, text projects, installation and fiction. He is currently Professor of Performance and Writing at Lancaster University. Biography Etchells is currently Professor of Performance at Lancaster University and has been teaching extensively in a variety of contexts. In 2006, he convened The Presence Project, a series of workshops at Stanford University. Etchells' publication, Vacuum Days, based on his year-long web-based project of 2011, was published by Storythings in 2012. Etchells has published several works of fiction, Endland Stories, The Dream Dictionary for the Modern Dreamer and the novel The Broken World and has written about\n\nTexas Biomedical Research Institute (Texas Biomed), located in San Antonio, Texas, is an independent, non-profit biomedical research institution, specializing in genetics and in virology and immunology. Texas Biomed is funded by government and corporate grants and contracts, and donations from the public. History Texas Biomed was founded in 1941 by Tom Slick as the Foundation of Applied Research. Its initial mission was to provide research and advanced education in agriculture, natural sciences and medicine. It became the Southwest Foundation for Research and Education in 1952. In the late 1950s, the Institute moved to its current location on Military Drive. In 1982, The Foundation was renamed Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (SFBR) and Texas Biomedical Research Institute on February 1, 2011. Tom Slick\u2019s sister, Betty Moorman, helped establish a club whose members could make an annual contribution to support the Foundation\u2019s research. In the 1950s, the Foundation purchased an historic 1854\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Irene Avaalaaqiaq Tiktaalaaq.", "output": "Irene Avaalaaqiaq Tiktaalaaq is one of Canada's most renowned Inuit artists."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Behind the Paint is the 2003 autobiography of American hip hop artist Joseph Bruce, better known as Violent J, one half of the Detroit, Michigan hip hop group Insane Clown Posse. The book focuses on Bruce's entire life until 2002. It begins with a chronological account of his childhood, professional wrestling career, and musical career, including the conception of Insane Clown Posse's Dark Carnival mythology and the development of their fan base, known as \"Juggalos\". Content Behind the Paint opens with Bruce's father stealing all of the family's money and leaving when Joe was two years old. His mother briefly marries an abusive man that molests Joe and his older siblings Robert and Theresa. Joe later meets John and Joey Utsler, and the group's backyard wrestling, musical, and gang activities are chronicled. Bruce recalls briefly living in Bonnie Doone, North Carolina at the age of 17, and cites the open\n\nThe BUMIX is a stock market index composed of 12 to 25 small and medium-sized companies listed on Budapest Stock Exchange. BUMIX operates (similarly to BUX), as a total return index, i.e., the dividend payout also plays a role in its performance evaluation. Only those series of shares can be admitted to the BUMIX basket where the market capitalisation adjusted for free float does not exceed HUF 125 billion. The calculation method, the review, and the handling of corporate actions is the same as the process applied in the case of the BUX index. The index is based on prices generated in the electronic trading system Xetra. See also MDAX SDAX Economy of Hungary List of Hungarian companies List of companies based in Budapest References External links BSE website BUMIX Composition from Archive.org 2004 establishments in Hungary European stock market indices Industry in Hungary Economy of Budapest Hungarian companies established\n\nThe Great Rose Bowl Hoax was a prank at the 1961 Rose Bowl, an annual American college football bowl game. That year, the Washington Huskies were pitted against the Minnesota Golden Gophers. At halftime, the Huskies led 17\u20130, and their cheerleaders took the field to lead the spectators in the stands in a card stunt, a routine involving flip-cards depicting various images for the audience to raise. However, a number of students from the California Institute of Technology managed to alter the card stunt shown during the halftime break, by making the Washington fans inadvertently spell out CALTECH. The prank has been described as the \"greatest collegiate prank of all time\" and received national attention, as the game was broadcast to an estimated 30 million viewers across the United States by NBC. One author wrote, \"Few college pranks can be said to be more grandly conceived, carefully planned, flawlessly executed,\n\nQuestion: Define Behind the Paint.", "output": "Behind the Paint is the 2003 autobiography of American hip hop artist Joseph Bruce, better known as Violent J, one half of the Detroit, Michigan hip hop group Insane Clown Posse."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ricardo Obreg\u00f3n Cano (April 4, 1917 \u2013 June 19, 2016) was an Argentine Justicialist Party politician. Born in R\u00edo Cuarto, C\u00f3rdoba, he was Governor of C\u00f3rdoba from May 25, 1973, to February 28, 1974. A left-wing Peronist, he was deposed by a police coup in 1974, which was later backed by Juan Per\u00f3n. Governor of C\u00f3rdoba Obreg\u00f3n Cano was a left-wing Peronist, close to H\u00e9ctor Jos\u00e9 C\u00e1mpora, Juan Per\u00f3n's delegate and President from May 1973 to June 1973. He was elected as candidate of the Peronist Frente Justicialista de Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional (FREJULI) during the March 1973 general election, with a 53.3% share of the vote, along with his vice-governor Atilio Lopez, close to the 62 Organizaciones Peronistas reform movement in the trade unions. His victory, however, had been the left-wing Peronists' victory against the orthodox Peronists. Indeed, representatives of the latter, Julio Ant\u00fan (Mesa Redonda Permanente Peronista) and Ra\u00fal Bercovich\n\nMahsuri binti Pandak Mayah was a young woman who lived in Pulau Langkawi, an island in northwestern Kedah, Malaysia, during the late 18th century. According to folklore, she was accused of adultery and executed by stabbing. Her tomb, Makam Mahsuri, has become a tourist attraction on the island. Legend Mahsuri was the daughter of a Siamese who moved from their native Phuket Province to the island of Langkawi in search of a better life. She was the most beautiful woman in all of Langkawi and married the warrior Wan Darus. As was required of him, her husband had to go to war on behalf of Kedah against Thailand, leaving Mahsuri behind to fend for herself. It was during this time that Mahsuri befriended a young traveler named Deramang. The village chief's wife Wan Mahora was jealous of Mahsuri's beauty. She spread a rumour that Mahsuri was unfaithful and was having\n\nLuis Fernando da Gra\u00e7a Loureiro (born 4 December 1976) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a defensive midfielder, currently a manager. He amassed Primeira Liga totals of 142 matches and 15 goals over seven seasons, representing mainly Gil Vicente. He also competed professionally in Russia and Cyprus. In 2011, Loureiro started working as a coach. Playing career Club Loureiro was born in Sintra, Lisbon Region. Having started his footballing career with his hometown club S.U. Sintrense, he went on to represent Portimonense SC, C.D. Nacional, Gil Vicente FC (making his Primeira Liga debut in the 2001\u201302 season), S.C. Braga, Sporting CP and C.F. Estrela da Amadora, also having uneventful abroad stints with FC Dynamo Moscow in Russia (February\u2013July 2005) and Cyprus's Anorthosis Famagusta FC (August\u2013December 2007). Arguably, Loureiro's biggest career moment came with Sporting: a spectacular goal, topping a great performance in a 2\u20131 home win against S.L.\n\nQuestion: What's Ricardo Obreg\u00f3n Cano?", "output": "Ricardo Obreg\u00f3n Cano was an Argentine Justicialist Party politician."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Patricia Mary Bishop (13 June 1946 \u2013 28 March 2000) was an Australian actress, born in Belfast, Northern Ireland noted for her performances in theatre, film and television series. She was married to the renowned Australian actor Bill Hunter in 1976 however, according to writer Bob Ellis, the marriage was short-lived after Hunter ran off with their marriage celebrant. She received an AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her representation of Jenny in the 1976 film Don's Party. Bishop also appeared frequently on television, with credits including: Contrabandits, The Link Men, Homicide, Division 4, Matlock Police, Spyforce, Number 96, A Country Practice, Brides of Christ, Water Rats, Blue Heelers, A Step in the Right Direction and All Saints. She is probably best known for her role in Prisoner as gangster's wife Antonia McNally in 1979 and also acted in theatre Filmography References External links 1946 births\n\nJean-Paul Kamudimba Kalala (born 16 February 1982), also known as JP Kalala, is a Congolese former professional footballer who played as a midfielder from 1999 to 2012. He started his career in France playing for Nice before moving to Grimsby Town in 2005. Whilst with Grimsby he is notably remembered for scoring the winning goal in injury time in a League Cup tie against Tottenham Hotspur. He later went on to play for Yeovil Town and Oldham Athletic before moving back to Grimsby on loan in 2008. He re-joined Yeovil for a second spell in 2009 and went on to play for Bristol Rovers and Southend United. He earned seven caps for the DR Congo national team. Club career Nice Kalala started his career with the French club OGC Nice in 1999, but it took him until 2003 to gain a promotion to the club's first team. After only two\n\nRestless Development (formerly known as Students Partnership Worldwide) is a non-governmental organization which organizes volunteer placements for young people in the areas of civic participation, livelihoods and employment, sexual rights, and leadership. It operates in 74 countries in Africa and Asia, as well as the United States and United Kingdom. History Restless Development was founded as Students Partnership Worldwide in 1985 by Jim Cogan, the Deputy Head of Westminster School. It was originally a gap year programme for school leavers from Westminster School to work as teachers in India or Zimbabwe. Former volunteers include British filmmaker Louis Theroux and Jamie Drummond, co-founder of One Campaign. In 1992, SPW started recruiting local volunteers, which subsequently became a significant focus of SPW's operating model. Between 1991-2000 SPW expanded its work to Nepal, Tanzania, Uganda and South Africa, and its work took an increasing focus on the HIV/AIDS epidemic. From 2000 onwards SPW\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Restless Development is.", "output": "Restless Development is a non-governmental organization which organizes volunteer placements for young people in the areas of civic participation, livelihoods and employment, sexual rights, and leadership."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lakelands is the northernmost suburb of the city of Mandurah, Western Australia. The Lakelands Estate is being developed by Peet Limited and is expected to exceed 2500 lots when completed. Black Swan and Paganoni Lakes are a focal points of the estate with recreation areas and walking tracks. Mandurah Baptist College is located in Lakelands and was opened in 2005. Two primary schools are located in Lakelands; Lakelands Primary School and Oakwood Primary School which was opened in 2019. The Senior High School, Coastal Lakes College opened in 2018. To the south of Lakelands is Meadow Springs. The western side is bounded by Mandurah Road which separates Lakelands from Madora Bay and the Western beaches. The eastern side is bounded by Mandjoorgoordap Road and The Mandurah railway line passes through the suburb. Lakelands railway station is currently under construction and due to open in 2023. Block sizes are around .\n\nThe Catholic Church in Bangladesh is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the pope in Rome. , there are approximately 350,000, approximately 0.2 percent of the population of Bangladesh. About 60% of Catholics come from \"tribals\", members of minority tribes. By 2022, there were 400,000 Catholics in the country. Bangladesh is otherwise a predominantly Muslim country. In 1598, the first priest arrived in Bangladesh accompanying the Portuguese. , the country is made up of eight dioceses including two archdioceses. Patrick D'Rozario was the country's first ever cardinal. He retired in 2020. The Catholic Bishops' Conference of Bangladesh, founded in 1971, is the General Body of the Ordinaries of Bangladesh. The purpose of this Conference is to facilitate common policy and action in matters that affect or are liable to affect the interest of the Catholic Church in Bangladesh and to be of service to the\n\nLiliidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used (there are many such systems); the only requirement being that it includes the family Liliaceae. Liliidae in Takhtajan system The Takhtajan system treats this as one of six subclasses within class Liliopsida (= monocotyledons). This subclass consists of: subclass Liliidae superorder Lilianae order Melanthiales order Colchicales order Trilliales order Liliales order Alstroemeriales order Iridales order Tecophilaeales order Burmanniales order Hypoxidales order Orchidales order Amaryllidales order Asparagales order Xanthorrhoeales order Hanguanales superorder Dioscoreanae order Stemonales order Smilacales order Dioscoreales order Taccales Liliidae in Cronquist system The Cronquist system treats this as one of five subclasses within class Liliopsida (= monocotyledons), and it consists of: subclass Liliidae order Liliales order Orchidales Liliidae in Dahlgren and Thorne systems In the Dahlgren system and the Thorne system (1992) this is an important\n\nQuestion: What is Liliidae", "output": "Liliidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Frank Jan Anton Leistra (born 1 April 1960 in Delft) is a former field hockey goalkeeper from the Netherlands, who was a member of the Dutch team that won the bronze medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. Leistra played a total number of 159 international matches for his native country, and made his debut on 1 June 1985 in a friendly match against Scotland. In 1990 he won the world title with the national team at the 1990 Men's Hockey World Cup in Lahore, Pakistan. He resigned after the fourth-place finishing at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. References Dutch Hockey Federation Dutch Olympic Committee External links 1960 births Dutch male field hockey players Olympic field hockey players for the Netherlands Field hockey players at the 1988 Summer Olympics Field hockey players at the 1992 Summer Olympics Living people Olympic bronze medalists for the Netherlands Sportspeople from Delft\n\n\u0160tramberk (; ) is a town in Nov\u00fd Ji\u010d\u00edn District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 3,500 inhabitants. The historic centre of \u0160tramberk is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument reservation. Geography \u0160tramberk is located about east of Nov\u00fd Ji\u010d\u00edn and southwest of Ostrava. It lies in the Moravian-Silesian Foothills. The town is spread on the steep slopes of several hills. The highest point of the municipal territory is the hill B\u00edl\u00e1 hora at above sea level. The town is surrounded by several small-scale protected areas, including the \u0160ipka Cave National Nature Monument. This karst cave is the oldest recorded human presence of the territory of the Czech Republic. History The first written mention of \u0160tramberk is from 1211, when a village under the eponymous castle was documented. The origin and age of the castle are unknown. In 1359, the\n\nJerome Cochran (born November 17, 1971) is a Tennessee lawyer and Republican politician who served for two terms in the Tennessee House of Representatives. He was elected as a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives to the 103rd and 104th General Assembly for the 4th District, which at the time encompassed the entirety of Carter County. Background Jerome Cochran was born in Saigon on November 17, 1971. He received a B.A. at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville and later earned a J.D. after attending the Regent University School of Law that was founded by 700 Club founder Pat Robertson. Cochran was admitted to the Tennessee Bar Association and works in Elizabethton as an attorney with the law offices of David Crockett Attorney-At-Law. Since 2015, he has been an administrative law judge in Nashville. Legislative service Cochran was first elected to the House in 2002. He was the first\n\nQuestion: Who was Jerome Cochran?", "output": "Jerome Cochran is a Tennessee lawyer and Republican politician who served for two terms in the Tennessee House of Representatives."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Kentucky School for the Blind is an educational facility for blind and visually impaired students from Kentucky who are aged up to 21. Bryce McLellan Patten founded the Kentucky Institution for the Education of the Blind in 1839 in Louisville, Kentucky. In 1842, it was chartered as the Kentucky Institution for the Blind by the state legislature as the third state-supported school for the blind established in the United States. In 1855, it moved to its present location on Frankfort Avenue in the Clifton neighborhood. About this time, it was renamed the Kentucky School for the Blind. Today, it continues its mission of teaching the blind and visually impaired students. The institution has inspired people to build other organizations to benefit those who are visually impaired. The school separated African-American students under de jure educational segregation in the United States until it desegregated circa 1954. The school is a\n\nMobile marketing is a multi-channel online marketing technique focused at reaching a specific audience on their smartphones, feature phones, tablets, or any other related devices through websites, e-mail, SMS and MMS, social media, or mobile applications. Mobile marketing can provide customers with time and location sensitive, personalized information that promotes goods, services, appointment reminders and ideas. In a more theoretical manner, academic Andreas Kaplan defines mobile marketing as \"any marketing activity conducted through a ubiquitous network to which consumers are constantly connected using a personal mobile device\". SMS marketing Marketing through cellphones' SMS (Short Message Service) became increasingly popular in the early 2000s in Europe and some parts of Asia when businesses started to collect mobile phone numbers and send off wanted (or unwanted) content. On average, SMS messages have a 98% open rate and are read within 3 minutes, making them highly effective at reaching recipients quickly. Over the\n\n\"Ein Lama in Yokohama\" is a 2005 song released by animated German crocodile, Schnappi. It was the second single from the debut album Schnappi und Seine Freunde and was released on 25 April 2005. Song subject The song concerns itself with a llama (and his friend Schnappi). The llama flies to Yokohama, and is frustrated by his inability to eat with chopsticks. \"Where is the fork?\" asks the llama. The llama and Schnappi do various silly things with their chopsticks. Eventually, the llama learns to use chopsticks by observing several geisha eating, and becomes a chopstick \"superstar\". Song information Lyrics were written and the music composed by Rosita Blissenbach and Iris Gruttmann. As for the previous single, it was performed by Joy Gruttmann. The song features Das Lama, another animated animal, which is mentioned in the credits. The music video was produced as an animated feature. The song achieved success\n\nQuestion: What is Ein Lama in Yokohama?", "output": "\"Ein Lama in Yokohama\" is a 2005 song released by animated German crocodile, Schnappi."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jurong West MRT station is a future elevated Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the Jurong Region Line in Jurong West, Singapore. History On 9 May 2018, LTA announced that Jurong West station would be part of the proposed Jurong Region line (JRL). The station will be constructed as part of Phase 1, JRL (West), consisting of 10 stations between Choa Chu Kang, Boon Lay and Tawas, and is expected to be completed in 2027. On 20 November 2019, Contract J105 for the design and construction of Jurong West Station and associated viaducts was awarded to China Railway 11 Bureau Group (Singapore Branch) at a sum of S$210.1 million. Construction starts in 2020, with completion in 2027. Contract J105 also includes the design and construction of Bahar Junction Station, and associated viaducts. Initially expected to open in 2026, the restrictions on the construction due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led\n\nIn international relations, a frozen conflict is a situation in which active armed conflict has been brought to an end, but no peace treaty or other political framework resolves the conflict to the satisfaction of the combatants. Therefore, legally the conflict can start again at any moment, creating an environment of insecurity and instability. The term has been commonly used for post-Soviet conflicts, but it has also often been applied to other extended and unresolved territorial disputes. The de facto situation that emerges may or may not match the official position asserted by either party to the conflict. For example, in the division of Korea both South Korea and North Korea officially assert claims to the entire peninsula; however, there exists a well-defined border between the two countries' areas of control. Frozen conflicts sometimes result in partially recognized states. For example, the Republic of South Ossetia, a product of the\n\nThe Australian Agricultural Company (AACo) () is a public-listed Australian company that, as of 2018, owns and operates feedlots and farms covering around of land in Queensland and the Northern Territory, roughly one percent of Australia's land mass. As of July 2008 AACo had a staff of 500 and operated 24 cattle stations and two feedlots, consisting of over 565,000 beef cattle. Since 2022, more than half the shares of AACo have been owned by the Tavistock Group, the investment vehicle of Joe Lewis. Founding of the company The inquiry into the colony of New South Wales conducted by John Bigge from 1819 to 1823 recommended that large grants of land be given to \"men of real capital\" who would utilise significant levels of convict labour to maintain these estates. The inquiry was initiated by the Earl of Bathurst and John Macarthur to protect both the system of land grants\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Australian Agricultural Company is.", "output": "The Australian Agricultural Company is a public-listed Australian company that, as of 2018, owns and operates feedlots and farms covering around  of land in Queensland and the Northern Territory, roughly one percent of Australia's land mass."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Julian Bigelow (March 19, 1913 \u2013 February 17, 2003) was a pioneering American computer engineer. Life Bigelow was born in 1913 in Nutley, New Jersey. He obtained a master's degree at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, studying electrical engineering and mathematics. During World War II, he assisted Norbert Wiener in his research on automated fire control for anti-aircraft guns, leading to the development of the so-called Wiener filter. Bigelow coauthored (with Wiener and Arturo Rosenblueth) one of the founding papers on cybernetics and modern teleology, \"Behavior, Purpose and Teleology\" (1943), which was published in Philosophy of Science. This paper mulled over the way mechanical, biological, and electronic systems could communicate and interact. This paper instigated the formation of the Teleological Society and later the Macy conferences. Bigelow was an active member of both organizations. He was a visiting scholar for many years at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.\n\n\"Queen Jane Approximately\" is a song from Bob Dylan's 1965 album Highway 61 Revisited. It was released as a single as the B-side to \"One of Us Must Know (Sooner or Later)\" in January 1966. It has also been covered by several artists, including the Grateful Dead and The Four Seasons. Meaning Similar to other Dylan songs of this period, \"Queen Jane Approximately\" has the singer criticizing the subject of the song, warning her of an imminent fall from grace. Although the song covers similar ground to \"Like a Rolling Stone\", \"Queen Jane Approximately\" is gentler and shows the subject some compassion. The main point of criticism is that the subject lives in an inauthentic world filled with superficial attitudes and people and meaningless, ritualized proprieties. However, the singer also invites the subject to come and see him if and when she is willing to break away from her superficial\n\nLandkey () is a small village in the county of Devon in the south-west of England with a population of 2274, falling to 1,734 at the 2011 census. It is situated from the nearest town of Barnstaple. The village is a major part of the electoral ward called Landkey, Swimbridge and Taw. The total ward population at the above census was 4,957. Origin It was formerly believed by certain locals that Landkey was founded by Leon Freeman in 1586 as a settlement to escape from the Spanish Armada. This supposition is now categorised as a 'mistruth legend'. It is now widely accepted that the name of the village, Landkey, is derived from the Llan of Kea, 'Llan' is the south-western Brythonic for an area of ground around a church or chapel, staying as 'llan' in Welsh and later developing as 'lann' in Cornish, which in this case was Saint Kea's\n\nQuestion: What is Landkey?", "output": "Landkey is a small village in the county of Devon in the south-west of England with a population of  2274, falling to 1,734 at the 2011 census."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "National Revolution and Solidarity Day () was celebrated in Bangladesh on November 7, officially until 2007. This commemorates the November 1975 uprising formed by the people and regular army soldiers of Dhaka Cantonment. Khandkar Mushtaq Ahmed was removed from the Presidency by Brigadier Khaled Mosharraf. This situation led to an uprising, spearheaded by Lt.Col. Abu Taher (BD Army, Retd.) and his political group Jasad to grab power. It ended the four-day coup organised by Brigadier Khaled Mosharraf, who got killed in the aftermath, while soldiers of Dhaka Cantonment proceeded to release Major General Ziaur Rahman, who was put under house arrest at the inception of the coup by Brigadier Khaled Musharraf. Aftermath On this day the first Chief Justice of Bangladesh Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem was made the President of Bangladesh and Chief Martial Law Administrator (CMLA) by Bangladesh Army and Major General Zia was made Deputy CMLA. Justice Sayem\n\nKaty Keene is a character created by Bill Woggon that has appeared in several comic book series published by Archie Comics since 1945. She is a model/actress/singer marketed by the publisher as \"America's Queen of Pin-Ups and Fashions\". In the book From Girls to Grrrlz: A History of Women's Comics from Teens to Zines by Trina Robbins, Katy Keene is called a Bettie Page look-alike. \"... but the resemblance ended there. Readers were encouraged to submit original drawings of outfits and accessories for her and her friends to wear, as well as designs for automobiles, homes, interiors, rocket ships, trailers and boats. These designs were used in the comics with credit given to published submissions. Many issues featured paper dolls of Katy in various costumes. Publication history Katy Keene was introduced in Wilbur Comics #5 in the summer of 1945, and appeared in subsequent issues of Wilbur and various anthology\n\nThe Apple Media Tool was a multimedia authoring tool and associated programming environment sold by Apple in the late 1990s. It was primarily aimed at producing multimedia presentations for distribution on CD-ROM and was aimed at graphic designers who did not have programming experience. It featured an advanced user interface with an object-oriented user model that made production of rich and complex presentations easy. Its competitors were Macromedia Director, Quark Immedia, mTropolis, and Kaleida Labs ScriptX. History The AMT system was developed by Patrick Soquet, a developer in Belgium working for Arborescence - a French company that was later acquired by Havas. From 1993 onwards it was marketed by Apple but all development was done by the independent team led by Soquet. In 1996, the development of the tool was taken over by Apple and the 2.1 version of the program was developed in-house by a team of engineers in\n\nQuestion: What's Apple Media Tool?", "output": "The Apple Media Tool was a multimedia authoring tool and associated programming environment sold by Apple in the late 1990s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Siwan is a Lok Sabha constituency in the state of Bihar in India. The Lok Sabha is the lower house of the Parliament of India. The constituency was formed following the States Reorganisation Act of 1956 and the constituency boundaries were readjusted by the Delimitation Order of 2008. The constituency consists of 6 Assembly segments (constituencies) of the Bihar Legislative Assembly. Overview The Siwan constituency of the Lok Sabha is encompassed in the administrative district of Siwan of the state of Bihar. The constituency is assigned the number 18 of the 40 Lok Sabha constituencies of the state of Bihar by the Election Commission of India. It consists of 6 Assembly segments (constituencies) numbered 105\u2013110 of the Bihar Legislative Assembly, one of which is reserved for Scheduled Caste (SC) candidates in accordance with the Delimitation Order of 2008 implemented on the basis of the Delimitation Act of 2002. The Siwan\n\nIn biochemistry, a conformational change is a change in the shape of a macromolecule, often induced by environmental factors. A macromolecule is usually flexible and dynamic. Its shape can change in response to changes in its environment or other factors; each possible shape is called a conformation, and a transition between them is called a conformational change. Factors that may induce such changes include temperature, pH, voltage, light in chromophores, concentration of ions, phosphorylation, or the binding of a ligand. Transitions between these states occur on a variety of length scales (tenths of \u00c5 to nm) and time scales (ns to s), and have been linked to functionally relevant phenomena such as allosteric signaling and enzyme catalysis. Laboratory analysis Many biophysical techniques such as crystallography, NMR, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) using spin label techniques, circular dichroism (CD), hydrogen exchange, and FRET can be used to study macromolecular conformational change. Dual-polarization\n\nDouwe Durk Breimer (born 24 November 1943 in Oudemirdum, Netherlands) is a Dutch pharmacologist and was both rector magnificus and president of the Executive Board of Leiden University, The Netherlands. Breimer studied pharmacology at the University of Groningen (1962\u20131970) and obtained his Ph.D. from the Catholic University of Nijmegen. In 1975, he was appointed professor of pharmacology at Leiden University. His research focusses on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug metabolism. Breimer co-authored over 500 scientific papers and supervised more than 50 Ph.D. students. Breimer holds honorary doctorates from Ghent University, Uppsala University (1992), Semmelweis University (Budapest), the University of Navarra (Pamplona), Hoshi University (Tokyo), the University of London and the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al. In 1987 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was elected a member of Academia Europaea in 1992. He has received the Host-Madsen medal of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), the Scheele\n\nQuestion: What's Conformational change?", "output": "In biochemistry, a conformational change is a change in the shape of a macromolecule, often induced by environmental factors."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Bulgarian Army () is the military of Bulgaria. The commander-in-chief is the president of Bulgaria. The Ministry of Defense is responsible for political leadership, while overall military command is in the hands of the Defense Staff, headed by the Chief of the Defense. There are three main branches of the Bulgarian military, named literally the Land Forces, the Air Forces and the Naval Forces (the term \"Bulgarian Army\" refers to them encompassed all together). Throughout history, the Army has played a major role in defending the country's sovereignty. Only several years after its inception in 1878, Bulgaria became a regional military power and was involved in several major wars \u2013 Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885), First Balkan War (1912\u201313), Second Balkan War (1913), First World War (1915\u20131918) and Second World War (1941\u20131945), during which the Army gained considerable combat experience. During the Cold War, the People's Republic of Bulgaria maintained one\n\nRodney Clark \"Hot Rod\" Hundley (October 26, 1934 \u2013 March 27, 2015) was an American professional basketball player and television broadcaster. Hundley was the number 1 pick of the 1957 NBA draft by the Cincinnati Royals out of West Virginia University. In 2003, Hundley received the Curt Gowdy Media Award from the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Hundley's life revolved around the game of basketball. His love and talent for the game led him to achieve honors in high school and most notably during his college years. At West Virginia University, Hundley played to packed crowds at the Old Field House. His dribbling antics and daredevil maneuvers on the floor led to his popular nickname, \"Hot Rod\". He later became known as a broadcaster for the Utah Jazz. Early life Hundley was raised by various families in Charleston, West Virginia. In high school, Hundley lived alone. A native of\n\nAlfrederick Joyner (born January 19, 1960) is an American track and field coach and former athlete. He was born in East St. Louis, Illinois. He is the 1984 Olympic gold medalist in the triple jump. He was also the coach and husband of the late four-time Olympic medalist Florence Griffith Joyner and is the brother of six-time Olympic medalist Jackie Joyner-Kersee. Career A star athlete at Lincoln High School in East St. Louis, Illinois, Joyner went on to attend Arkansas State University. He competed with their track and field team throughout his college career and, by the time he graduated, Joyner was a three-time NCAA All-American indoor champion, a three-time NCAA All-American and outdoor champion, a four-time Southland Conference champ and had placed 8th in the triple jump at the World Championships in Helsinki, Finland. In 1984 Joyner traveled to Los Angeles for the Summer Games to compete with the\n\nQuestion: What is Hot Rod Hundley?", "output": "Rodney Clark \"Hot Rod\" Hundley was an American professional basketball player and television broadcaster."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Stranger in This Town is the first solo studio album by Richie Sambora, the guitarist from the New Jersey band Bon Jovi. The album was released in 1991, while Bon Jovi was on a 17-month hiatus. Jon Bon Jovi also released a solo album, Blaze of Glory (1990), during this period. Recording and production As his first solo album, Sambora experimented with a more blues-oriented sound. He sings lead vocals and plays guitar on the album, backed by his Bon Jovi bandmates Tico Torres on drums and David Bryan on keyboards, joined by Tony Levin on bass guitar. Eric Clapton makes a guest appearance playing guitar on the track \"Mr. Bluesman\". \"Ballad of Youth\", \"One Light Burning\" and \"The Answer\" were co-written with colleagues from his former club band Shark Frenzy. \"Rosie\" was originally intended to be a Bon Jovi song for their fourth album New Jersey; versions of this\n\nThe slaty egret (Egretta vinaceigula) is a small, dark egret. It is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies. It is classified as Vulnerable, the biggest threat being habitat loss. Description Until 1971, the slaty egret and more widespread black egret Egretta ardesiaca were thought to be colour morphs of the same species but the slaty egret shows consistent features which separate it from the black egret. These are the yellow legs and the vinous brown throat of the slaty egret, which extends down right onto the belly in immature birds. The slaty egret does not display the characteristic \"mantling\" behaviour of the black egret. Distribution and population The slaty egret lives in south-central Africa. The largest populations are found in Zambia and Botswana. In Zambia there are maybe 500 to 1,000 individuals, mainly found at Liuwa Plain National Park,\n\nJarret Webster Johnson (born August 14, 1981) is a former American football linebacker who played in the National Football League for twelve seasons. He was drafted in the fourth round (109th overall) in the 2003 NFL Draft by the Baltimore Ravens and also played for the San Diego Chargers. He played college football for the University of Alabama. Early years Johnson grew up mostly in Cedar Key, Florida and attended Chiefland High School where he was a second-team all-state defensive end and tackle as a junior. He also led his team to the State Title game. College career Johnson attended the University of Alabama where he played defensive end for the Crimson Tide. He was the only 2-time captain in Alabama Crimson Tide history. As a senior, he was a First-team SEC pick and Second-team All-American, he finished second in University of Alabama history with 23 sacks. His 25 tackles\n\nQuestion: What's Stranger in This Town?", "output": "Stranger in This Town is the first solo studio album by Richie Sambora, the guitarist from the New Jersey band Bon Jovi."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Las Cruces International Airport is a city-owned, public airport nine miles west of the central business district of Las Cruces, in Do\u00f1a Ana County, New Mexico. It is in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2019\u201323 which categorized it as a regional general aviation facility. LRU is a landing rights airport and is on a mesa overlooking the Mesilla Valley. The airport was the base for Zia Airlines from 1972 to 1980. The airport is used by general aviation, the United States government, New Mexico State University, private charters and the local CAP squadron. National Guard's C Company, 3rd Battalion, 140th Aviation Regiment, operates and houses four UH-72 Lakota helicopters at the Las Cruces International Airport. Additionally, as of 2023, passenger air service has returned in a limited capacity after an 18-year absence, for which the field also retains a terminal. Facilities and aircraft Las Cruces International Airport\n\nThe singing bush lark or Horsfield's bush lark (Mirafra javanica) is a species of lark which inhabits grassland throughout most of Australia and much of Southeast Asia. It was described by the American naturalist Thomas Horsfield. Taxonomy The singing bush lark was formally described in 1821 by the American naturalist Thomas Horsfield from a specimen collected on the island of Java. He placed the lark in the genus Mirafra and coined the binomial name Mirafra javanica. The singing bush lark is one of 100 species of larks of the rather large and fairly diverse family, Alaudidae. They are small to medium-small passerines, usually with rather drab, brownish plumage. Predominantly an Old World family, the species are distributed widely across Europe, Africa, Asia and the Indian subcontinent but the singing bush lark is the only species occurring naturally in Wallacea, New Guinea and Australia. The alternate shortened name \"bush-lark\" can also\n\nDonald Ryder is a retired major general of the United States Army who served as United States Army Provost Marshal General from 2003 to 2006. Biography Ryder was commissioned into the United States Army 1971. He was promoted to major general in 2001. He served as the most senior officer in the Criminal Investigation Division, and was also the top Army Law Enforcement officer as the Army Provost Marshal General. Taguba Report In 2003 Ryder conducted an inquiry into abuse of prisoners in Iraq, cited in the Taguba Report. Some of the key recommendations of Ryder's report were directly contrary to the recommendations of Major General Geoffrey Miller, formerly the commander of Camp Delta. Ryder recommended that the duties of the military police who guarded detainees should be strictly separated from the duties of the Military Intelligence officers who interrogated them. General Miller had urged closer cooperation between guards and\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Las Cruces International Airport is.", "output": "Las Cruces International Airport  is a city-owned, public airport nine miles west of the central business district of Las Cruces, in Do\u00f1a Ana County, New Mexico."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gerry Harvey (born 18 September 1939) is an Australian entrepreneur best known for being the executive chairman of Harvey Norman Holdings, a company which runs Australian retail chain Harvey Norman. He co-founded it with Ian Norman in 1982. Biography Harvey was born in rural New South Wales and attended school at Bathurst and Katoomba before moving to Sydney to go to university when he was 17, but he dropped out. He got his start early, selling vacuum cleaners and fridges door-to-door for Goodwins of Newtown. When he was younger, Harvey was determined to be a farmer. Harvey first met Ian Norman while both were working as door-to-door vacuum salesmen. They partnered to open their first store in Sydney in 1961. The chain, which was called Norman Ross, expanded to forty-two stores with annual sales of 240 million by 1979. This company was sold in 1982 to firstly Grace Bros. for\n\nAmmonius Hermiae (; ; \u2013 between 517 and 526) was a Greek philosopher from Alexandria in the eastern Roman empire during Late Antiquity. A Neoplatonist, he was the son of the philosophers Hermias and Aedesia, the brother of Heliodorus of Alexandria and the grandson of Syrianus. Ammonius was a pupil of Proclus in Roman Athens, and taught at Alexandria for most of his life, having obtained a public chair in the 470s. According to Olympiodorus of Thebes's Commentaries on Plato's Gorgias and Phaedo texts, Ammonius gave lectures on the works of Plato, Aristotle, and Porphyry of Tyre, and wrote commentaries on Aristotelian works and three lost commentaries on Platonic texts. He is also the author of a text on the astrolabe published in the Catalogus Codicum Astrologorum Graecorum, and lectured on astronomy and geometry. Ammonius taught numerous Neoplatonists, including Damascius, Olympiodorus of Thebes, John Philoponus, Simplicius of Cilicia, and Asclepius\n\nCaptain Sir Walter Stirling (18 May 1718 \u2013 24 November 1786) was a captain in the Royal Navy. Naval career Born in 1718, Walter Stirling entered the Royal Navy. He was made \"The Regulating Captain of the Impress at the Tower\". On 30 October 1753 he married Dorothy Willing, the daughter of Charles Willing, a Philadelphia merchant. According to family stories, he persuaded the family of Horatio Nelson to let Horatio join the navy, and he lost the opportunity to be appointed Governor of Halifax as he was visiting his wife in Scotland when the offer came in. In 1780 he was captain of the Gibraltar, and was present when Admiral George Rodney captured the island of Sint Eustatius from the Dutch during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War. Selected to take home dispatches, he was knighted on arrival. In 1783 he appointed Commander-in-Chief, The Nore. When King George III inspected Stirling's\n\nQuestion: Who is Gerry Harvey", "output": "Gerry Harvey is an Australian entrepreneur best known for being the executive chairman of Harvey Norman Holdings, a company which runs Australian retail chain Harvey Norman."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Day Hort MacDowall (March 6, 1850 \u2013 October 28, 1927) was a politician from old Northwest Territories, Canada. Born in Carruth House, Renfrewshire, Scotland, MacDowall immigrated to Canada in 1879. He was elected as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Northwest Territories in 1883 and served until 1885. He was an early prominent resident of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan and connected to the Conservative Party of Canada. He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1887 and re-elected in 1891 for the Saskatchewan (Provisional District) defeating the father of famed author Lucy Maud Montgomery. He served until 1896. The village of MacDowall, Saskatchewan is named after him. References External links Prominent men of Canada : a collection of persons distinguished in professional and political life and in the commerce and industry of Canada 1850 births 1927 deaths Members of the House of Commons of Canada from the\n\nStephanosaurus (meaning \"crown lizard\") is a dubious genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur with a complicated taxonomic history. In 1902, Lawrence Lambe named a new set of hadrosaurid limb material and other bones (originally GSC 419) from Alberta as Trachodon marginatus. Paleontologists began finding better remains of hadrosaurids from the same rocks in the 1910s, in what is now known as the late Campanian-age (Upper Cretaceous) Dinosaur Park Formation. Lambe assigned two new skulls to T. marginatus, and based on the new information, coined the genus Stephanosaurus for the species in 1914. Lambe retained the original species marginatus, so the type specimen of Stephanosaurus was the original, scrappy limb bones and crushed skull fragments, not the two new skulls. However, the limb bones and skull fragments could not be reliably said to come from the same animal as the complete skulls, or differentiated from other hadrosaurs. Because there was very little to\n\nIn quantum chemistry, size consistency and size extensivity are concepts relating to how the behaviour of quantum chemistry calculations changes with size. Size consistency (or strict separability) is a property that guarantees the consistency of the energy behaviour when interaction between the involved molecular system is nullified (for example, by distance). Size-extensivity, introduced by Bartlett, is a more mathematically formal characteristic which refers to the correct (linear) scaling of a method with the number of electrons. Let A and B be two non-interacting systems. If a given theory for the evaluation of the energy is size consistent, then the energy of the supersystem A+B, separated by a sufficiently large distance so there is essentially no shared electron density, is equal to the sum of the energy of A plus the energy of B taken by themselves . This property of size consistency is of particular importance to obtain correctly behaving\n\nQuestion: Define Day Hort MacDowall.", "output": "Day Hort MacDowall was a politician from old Northwest Territories, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "(; plural: , ) and the variant (, 'former , ) was a Byzantine court dignity, originally the Greek translation of Latin (the literal meaning of is 'the supreme one', which reflects the office, but not the etymology of ''). The dignity arose from the honorary consulships awarded in the late Roman Empire, and survived until the early 12th century. It was often conferred upon the rulers of the south Italian principalities. In Italian documents the term was sometimes Latinised as or , and in Italian historiography one finds . The feminine form of the term was (). The creation of ordinary consuls in Late Antiquity was irregular, and after their division in 395, the two halves of the Roman Empire tended to divide the two consulships between them; the office, which had become both purely honorary and quite expensive to hold, sometimes lay vacant for years. The emperors were\n\nTolib-khon Shakhidi (\u0422\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0431-\u0445\u043e\u043d \u0428\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0434\u0438) or Tolib Shahidi (/, born 13 March 1946) is a Tajik and Soviet composer who was born in the city of Dushanbe, Tajik SSR. He is a son of the founder of Professional Tajik Academic Music \u2013 Ziyodullo Shakhidi. Early life Tolib-khon Shakhidi began his musical career at the age of fourteen. He graduated from the Musical College in Dushanbe in 1965 from the Composition Class of Uri Ter-Osipov. Career From 1972 to this day, Tolib Shakhidi has participated in a number of music festivals. \"Taste, intellect, professionalism are the three main values of contemporary music\" (). This aphorism, expressed by the composer fully complies with his own creative work. Tolib Shahidi represents a very rare type of Universal master-composer, who possesses the whole arsenal of contemporary musical language, yet uses the richest resources of traditional Eastern music of his region. This twin pillar is not\n\nThe Communist Party of Germany/Marxists\u2013Leninists (, KPD/ML) was a clandestine communist party active in West Germany and East Germany during the Cold War. It was founded in 1968 by former Communist Party of Germany (KPD) official , who subsequently became the party's chairman. An anti-revisionist party, the KPD/ML upheld the legacy of Soviet premier Joseph Stalin and supported China under Mao Zedong and later Albania under Enver Hoxha after the Sino-Albanian split. At its peak in the mid-1970s, the party claimed a membership of around 800. The party published a periodical named Roter Morgen (). Former members of the party continued to publish the newspaper until December 2011. History The KPD/ML was founded on 31 December 1968 in Hamburg, West Germany, and was centered around the leadership of Ernst Aust. Rival organisations who were similarly named distinguished themselves by calling the KPD/ML the \"Roter Morgen Group\", after the party's newspaper\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Tolib Shakhidi.", "output": "Tolib-khon Shakhidi or Tolib Shahidi is a Tajik and Soviet composer who was born in the city of Dushanbe, Tajik SSR."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Caruso St John is a London-based architectural firm established in 1990 by Adam Caruso and Peter St John. Practice Caruso St John gained international recognition for its designs of public spaces. The practice came to public attention with The New Art Gallery Walsall, a commission won in an international competition in 1995. From these origins in the visual arts, the firm now works on a broad range of public and private projects. Clients Current and past clients include Tate Britain, the V&A, English Heritage and the Arts Council of England, as well as European housing developers Trudo, the SBB (Swiss National Railways), and the Gagosian Gallery. Caruso St John aims to have a wide range of work at a variety of scales and wants to resist the trend of increased size and specialisation that dominates contemporary architecture. Works Royale Belge, Brussels (2023) Chiswick House Cafe (2010) Thomas Demand, Nationalgalerie (2009)\n\nThe Ghost Tower of Inverness is an adventure module for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game, set in the game's World of Greyhawk campaign setting. The module's title refers to an ancient magical tower located in the southern Abbor-Alz Hills. The \"C\" in the module code represents the first letter in the word \"competition,\" the name of C1 \u2013 C6 module series. Plot summary The player characters go on a quest to find the fabled Soul Gem, a legendary artifact of great power. They must gather the four parts of a key granting them entrance to the Ghost Tower. Inverness was the fortress of the great wizard Galap-Dreidel, whose magic raised a great stone tower within a formidable keep. The tower was built to house Galap-Dreidel\u2019s most prized possession, an eldritch jewel called the Soul Gem, which could steal life from any creature. The monsters and magic of the\n\nKatherine Parkinson () is an English actress and comedian. She appeared in Channel 4's The IT Crowd comedy series as Jen Barber, for which she received a British Comedy Best TV Actress Award in 2009 and 2014, and was nominated twice for the BAFTA Television Award for Best Female Comedy Performance, winning in 2014. Parkinson studied at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art, and has appeared on stage in the plays The Seagull (2007), Cock (2009), and Home, I'm Darling (2018), for which she was nominated for the Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Play. Parkinson was also a main cast member of the series Doc Martin for three series (2005\u20132009). She co-starred in all three series of Humans, a science-fiction drama on AMC/Channel 4, which aired from 2015 until 2018. She has also appeared in the films The Boat That Rocked (2009) and The Guernsey Literary\n\nQuestion: Define Caruso St John.", "output": "Caruso St John is a London-based architectural firm established in 1990 by Adam Caruso and Peter St John."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sun Shengnan (; ; born 21 January 1987) is a Chinese former tennis player. Her highest WTA singles ranking is 216th, which she reached on 4 April 2011. Her career-high in doubles is 50th, which she reached on 17 September 2007. By March 2006, Sun had won two ITF singles titles and risen to No. 320 in the WTA rankings, and had earned herself a reputation as 'one to watch', having shown plenty of recent promise of further improvement in the preceding year. Career Sun Shengnan began competing on the ITF Circuit at the age of 15, in May 2002. Over the next few months, she won seven matches (mostly in qualifying draws) and lost just five. However, she did not compete again for a whole year after the beginning of August, and thus gained for herself only a lowly end-of-year foothold on the world ranking list at No. 1031.\n\nGailard Sartain (born September 18, 1946) is an American retired actor, often playing characters with roots in the South. He was a regular on the country music variety series Hee Haw. He is also known for his roles in three of the Ernest movies and the TV series Hey Vern, It's Ernest!, which ran for one season on CBS in 1988. He is also an accomplished and successful painter and illustrator. Early years and education Sartain was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the son of a Tulsa fire chief. He attended Cascia Hall Preparatory School, is a 1963 graduate of Will Rogers High School in Tulsa and was a member of the Epsilon Mu chapter of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity at the University of Tulsa, from which he graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. In 1968, Gailard moved to New York City, where he worked as an assistant to\n\nThe Chatham Garden Theatre or Chatham Theatre was a playhouse in the Chatham Gardens of New York City. It was located on the north side of Chatham Street on Park Row between Pearl and Duane streets in lower Manhattan. The grounds ran through to Augustus Street. The Chatham Garden Theatre was the first major competition to the high-class Park Theatre, though in its later years it sank to the bottom of New York's stratified theatrical order, below even the Bowery Theatre. The Chatham Garden was converted to the Free Presbyterian Chatham Street Chapel in 1832. Creation and early seasons The theatre began quite humbly. In 1823 Hippolite Barri\u00e8re, the manager of the Chatham Gardens in New York City, erected a white, canvas tent in his public pleasure grounds. He dubbed it the Pavilion Theatre and began staging drama there with a ticket price of 25\u00a2. The tent, which was used\n\nQuestion: Define Chatham Garden Theatre.", "output": "The Chatham Garden Theatre or Chatham Theatre was a playhouse in the Chatham Gardens of New York City."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Baron Herman Severin L\u00f8venskiold (30 July 1815 \u2013 5 December 1870) was a Norwegian-born Danish composer, most noted for his score for August Bournonville's 1836 version of the ballet La Sylphide for the Royal Danish Ballet in Copenhagen. Biography Herman Severin L\u00f8venskiold was born at Ulefoss in the municipality Nome, Norway. He was the son of Eggert Christopher L\u00f8venskiold (1788\u20131861), director of the Ulefos Iron Works. In 1829, his family moved to Denmark. He was trained in music by composer Peter Casper Krossing. He also went abroad where he studied in Vienna, Leipzig and St. Petersburg. Following his return to Denmark, he composed music for a number of dramatic works at the Royal Danish Theatre. From 1851, he was the organist at Christiansborg Castle Church (Christiansborg Slotskirke) on Slotsholmen in Copenhagen. This church, which dated from 1738 to 1742, was frequently attended by members of the Danish royal family. Notable\n\nKing Oil is a board game designed by Scott Patton and published by Milton Bradley Company. It was created in 1974 and now long out-of-print. The game requires players to drill for oil on a three-dimensional board, acquiring property and wealth. The board is \"randomized\" using three rotating discs, hidden inside the plastic frame of the game and containing varying hole locations; one player turns at least one of the discs before play begins. There are 1,728 (12\u00b3, or 12x12x12) permutations of oil wells. The rotating discs determine the depth of the wells that players will drill, with four possibilities: shallow depth (the \"driller\" passes through no holes, showing all three colors) medium depth (passes through one hole, showing two colors) deep depth (passes through two holes, showing one color) dry hole (passes through all three holes, showing no colors) At least two color schemes are used for the driller\n\nVladimir Anatolyevich Kuzichkin \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438\u043d (born 1947) is a former Soviet foreign intelligence officer who defected to Great Britain. He worked as an undercover agent for the KGB in Iran beginning in 1977. The details of his defection are uncertain, but he arrived in Great Britain in October 1982. Kuzichkin gave information on Soviet operations, agents, and socialist activists to MI6; British intelligence and the CIA then provided the information to the Khomeini regime, which executed many of the agents. His memoirs were published by Andre Deutsch in the UK in 1990 as Inside the KGB: Myth and Reality. Pantheon Books published the U.S. edition in 1991 under the title Inside the KGB: My Life in Soviet Espionage. Early life and recruitment to KGB Kuzichkin was born in Moscow in 1947 to a large family. He joined the Soviet Army and was stationed in East Germany for three years.\n\nQuestion: Tell me what King Oil is.", "output": "King Oil is a board game designed by Scott Patton and published by Milton Bradley Company."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The concept of a stable model, or answer set, is used to define a declarative semantics for logic programs with negation as failure. This is one of several standard approaches to the meaning of negation in logic programming, along with program completion and the well-founded semantics. The stable model semantics is the basis of answer set programming. Motivation Research on the declarative semantics of negation in logic programming was motivated by the fact that the behavior of SLDNF resolution\u2014the generalization of SLD resolution used by Prolog in the presence of negation in the bodies of rules\u2014does not fully match the truth tables familiar from classical propositional logic. Consider, for instance, the program Given this program, the query will succeed, because the program includes as a fact; the query will fail, because it does not occur in the head of any of the rules. The query will fail also, because the\n\nThe Night Ferry was an international boat train from London Victoria to Paris Gare du Nord that crossed the English Channel on a train ferry. It ran from 1936 until 1939 when it ceased due to the onset of World War II. It resumed in 1947, ceasing in 1980. It was operated by Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits until 1977 and then British Rail. History The Night Ferry was introduced on the night of 14 October 1936. The train was operated by Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits (CIWL) until 1 January 1977, when it was taken over by British Rail. Motive power was provided by the Southern Railway and later British Railways in England, SNCF in France and from 1957, by SNCB in Belgium. When loaded onto the train ferry the train was split into sections and loaded equally on tracks on the port and starboard sides of the ship, to maintain\n\nAromatic compounds, also known as \"mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons\", are organic compounds containing one or more aromatic rings. The word \"aromatic\" originates from the past grouping of molecules based on odor, before their general chemical properties were understood. The current definition of aromatic compounds does not have any relation with their odor. Heteroarenes are closely related, since at least one carbon atom of CH group is replaced by one of the heteroatoms oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. Examples of non-benzene compounds with aromatic properties are furan, a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered ring that includes a single oxygen atom, and pyridine, a heterocyclic compound with a six-membered ring containing one nitrogen atom. Hydrocarbons without an aromatic ring are called aliphatic. Approximately half of compounds known in the year 2000 are described as aromatic to some extent. Aromatic compounds play key roles in the biochemistry of all living things. The four\n\nQuestion: What is Night Ferry", "output": "The Night Ferry was an international boat train from London Victoria to Paris Gare du Nord that crossed the English Channel on a train ferry."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Marcus McNeill (born November 16, 1983) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle for six seasons with the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Auburn Tigers football, and was two-time All-American. San Diego selected McNeill in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft, and he played his entire pro career with the Chargers. He was selected to the Pro Bowl twice. Early years McNeill was born in Chicago, Illinois. He attended Cedar Grove High School in southern DeKalb County, Georgia (a suburb of Atlanta), and played both offensive and defensive line for the Cedar Grove Saints, earning SuperPrep All-American honors. He played in the Georgia-Florida High School All-Star Game as a senior. McNeill was also a standout track star finishing second in the state in the shot put. College career McNeill attended Auburn University, where\n\nSir John Anthony Holt Saunders, CBE, DSO, MC (29 July 1917 \u2013 4 July 2002) was chairman of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (now HSBC Holdings plc), at a time of rapid and turbulent development of the Hong Kong economy. In his banking career, as chief manager (effectively chief executive) from 1962, and chairman from 1964 to 1972, Saunders was at the helm of Hong Kong's most important financial institution at a time when the Crown Colony was rapidly changing from a trading post to a regional centre of manufacturing and finance. The fierce pace of economic growth for Hong Kong was fuelled by an influx of industrious migrants from China and an administration dedicated to laissez-faire tax and trade policies. From 1966, however, domestic business confidence and dealings with mainland China were severely disrupted by Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution. In 1967 the devaluation of sterling \u2013 to which\n\nMam Tor Publishing is an English independent comic book publisher founded by Liam Sharp and his wife Christina McCormack. The company's headquarters are in Derby, East Midlands. The name \"Mam Tor\" comes from the landmark high peak near Castleton in the High Peak of Derbyshire, England. History During 2004, Mam Tor Publishing was established by Liam & Christina McCormack-Sharp to publish Sharpenings, The Art of Liam Sharp. It, a personal artbook featuring previously unreleased art samples of Sharp, was initially a portfolio showcase he could send publishers. Mam Tor has published the anthology Mam Tor: Event Horizon. Currently Mam Tor is releasing stand-alone graphic novels, like Matt Coyle's Worry Doll and Sharp's Lap Of The Gods, as well as developing other properties for comics, books, and film. They have just started publishing a quarterly free comic given away in Time Out. Four Feet From a Rat is a 16-page comic\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Mam Tor Publishing is.", "output": "Mam Tor Publishing is an English independent comic book publisher founded by Liam Sharp and his wife Christina McCormack."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The newspaper riddle is a riddle joke or conundrum in English that begins with the question: Q: What is black and white and red all over? The traditional answer, which relies upon the identical pronunciation of the words \"red\" and \"read\", is: A: A newspaper. Barrick believes this riddle to be \"perhaps the most common example of a folk riddle collected in the United States in the twentieth century\", pointing out that between 1917 and 1939 it appeared in 15 collections of folk riddles, and in a further six between 1939 and 1974. Alternative answers to the riddle exist, where red is used as a color, parodying the canonical form of the riddle. Examples include: \"a chocolate sundae with ketchup on top\", \"a badger in a blender\", \"a crossword done in red ink\", and \"a penguin with a sunburn\". Portnoy describes these answers as \"adequate, but not clever\", because they\n\nt Goy is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Houten, and lies about 5 km southeast of Houten. History It was first mentioned in the 10th century as Upgoa, and means \"upper settlement\" maybe to distinguish from Het Gooi. 't Goy was an old settlement around a church which was demolished in 1800. Castle Ten Goye was located nearby. The earliest history of the Castle Ten Goye is unknown. It was first mentioned in 1259, but was a lot older. In 1317, it was besieged by Guy of Avesnes, the Prince-Bishop of Utrecht. Guy took the castle, but died shortly after, and the van Goy family recaptured the castle. Between 1353 and 1355, there was a war between Prince-bishop of Utrecht and the Count of Holland. Ten Goye sided with Holland, and the castle was severely damaged during fighting. In\n\nThe Douglas Lake Cattle Company is Canada's largest working cattle ranch, usually known as the Douglas Lake Ranch. Founded June 30, 1886, it has been operating continuously since. This date also marks the completion of the last leg of the first transcontinental rail line of the Canadian Pacific Railway from Montreal to Vancouver. In response to booming demand for beef in rapidly growing Vancouver, the Interior stock industry went into high gear in the wake of the railway's opening, spurring on something of a golden age in BC ranching. In 1907 the Nicola branch line of the CPR was built into the Nicola Valley to serve the booming stock operation at Douglas Lake, which was already one of the country's largest and for many years second only to the sprawling Gang Ranch on the west side of the Fraser, which has since shrunk in scale, leaving the Douglas Lake as\n\nQuestion: What is Douglas Lake Cattle Company", "output": "The Douglas Lake Cattle Company is Canada's largest working cattle ranch, usually known as the Douglas Lake Ranch."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Coigach () is a peninsula north of Ullapool, in Wester Ross in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. The area consists of a traditional crofting and fishing community of a couple of hundred houses located between mountain and shore on a peninsula looking over the Summer Isles and the sea. The main settlement is Achiltibuie. Like its northerly neighbour, Assynt in Sutherland, Coigach has mountains which rise sharply from quiet, lochan-studded moorland, and a highly indented rocky coast with many islands, bays and headlands. The highest summit is Ben Mor Coigach at 743 metres; the distinctive profile of Stac Pollaidh is the other main peak within Coigach. The scenic qualities of Coigach, along with neighbouring Assynt, have led to the area being designated as the Assynt-Coigach National Scenic Area, one of 40 such areas in Scotland. The name is derived from the Gaelic for \"five\" or \"fifths\", and refers to the\n\nThe sphenoidal conchae (sphenoidal turbinated processes) are two thin, curved plates, situated at the anterior and lower part of the body of the sphenoid. An aperture of variable size exists in the anterior wall of each, and through this the sphenoidal sinus opens into the nasal cavity. Each is irregular in form, and tapers to a point behind, being broader and thinner in front. Its upper surface is concave, and looks toward the cavity of the sinus; its under surface is convex, and forms part of the roof of the corresponding nasal cavity. Each bone articulates in front with the ethmoid, laterally with the palatine; its pointed posterior extremity is placed above the vomer, and is received between the root of the pterygoid process laterally and the rostrum of the sphenoid medially. A small portion of the sphenoidal concha sometimes enters into the formation of the medial wall of the\n\nArthur Michaluk (May 4, 1923 \u2013 March 14, 2006) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played 5 games in the National Hockey League with the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1947\u201348 season. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1945 to 1948, was spent in the minor leagues. Michaluk was born in Canmore, Alberta. Prior to his hockey career he served with the Royal Canadian Air Force during the Second World War later worked for the Calgary Police Service for 23 years. He died of cancer on March 14, 2006. Art was the brother of NHL hockey player John Michaluk. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs External links 1923 births 2006 deaths Canadian ice hockey defencemen Canadian military personnel of World War II Canadian expatriates in the United States Canadian police officers Deaths from cancer in Alberta Chicago Blackhawks players Ice hockey people from Alberta People from\n\nQuestion: What's Sphenoidal conchae?", "output": "The sphenoidal conchae are two thin, curved plates, situated at the anterior and lower part of the body of the sphenoid."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\u015eerefliko\u00e7hisar, formerly known as Ko\u00e7hisar, is a municipality and district of Ankara Province, Turkey. Its area is 2,155 km2, and its population is 33,140 (2022). It is 148 km south of the city of Ankara. Its average elevation ranges between 900 and 1,200 m, with the highest point being Mt. Karasenir at 1,650 m. The area is a flat dry plain, the only water being Hirfanl\u0131 reservoir and the salt lake Lake Tuz. The countryside is inhospitable, with minerals extracted from the salt lake being a major source of income. Therefore, the rural population is migrating to nearby towns or abroad. Demographics Name The name derives from the Seljuk Turkish castle of Ko\u00e7hisar. The prefix \u015eerefli meaning \"honourable\" was added by Atat\u00fcrk in recognition of the men of the town lost at the battle of Gallipoli. History \u015eerefliko\u00e7hisar is believed to have been inhabited since the time of the Hittites\n\nOvie Phillip Mughelli (born June 10, 1980) is a former American football fullback who last played for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). After playing college football for Wake Forest University, he was drafted in the fourth round of the 2003 NFL Draft by the Baltimore Ravens. Mughelli also currently serves as a co-host on the all-digital sports network, 120 Sports. High school career Mughelli attended Porter-Gaud School and a letterman in football, basketball, tennis, and track & field. In football, he rushed for more than 4,500 yards and scored 69 touchdowns during his career at Porter-Gaud, and he rushed for 2,167 yards and 29 touchdowns as a senior. He was named the team's MVP for three years, was a three-time All-Conference selection, and as a senior, he was also named the State Player of the Year in his classification and was a Regional All-Star selection in\n\nThe Deep Creek Range, (often refereed to as the Deep Creek Mountains (Goshute: Pi'a-roi-ya-bi), are a mountain range in the Great Basin located in extreme western Tooele and Juab counties in Utah, United States. The range trends north\u2013south (with a curl to the west at the southern end, 16% of range in White Pine County, Nevada), and is composed of granite in its central highest portion. The valley to the east is Snake Valley, and to the west is Deep Creek Valley. Nearby communities include Callao, Utah to the east and the community of Ibapah and the lands of the Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation to the west. The highest point in the Deep Creek Range is Ibapah Peak, an ultra prominent peak, which rises to . Other peaks include Haystack Peak at and Red Mountain at . The range is the source of several perennial streams and supports\n\nQuestion: Who was Ovie Mughelli?", "output": "Ovie Phillip Mughelli is a former American football fullback who last played for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jockgrim is a municipality in the district of Germersheim, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the left bank of the Rhine, approximately 15 km north-west of Karlsruhe. Jockgrim is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde (\"collective municipality\") Jockgrim. Jockgrim station is on Schifferstadt\u2013W\u00f6rth railway and is served by the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn. In 1965, Jockgrim celebrated the 700th anniversary of the old part of town: Hinterstadtl. This picturesque area has a bi-annual festival called Hinterstadtl Fest which takes place on the first weekend of September. In 2015 they were celebrating the 750th anniversary. Facts Jockgrim had a little scene in the movie \"Buffalo Soldiers\". The scene when a tank runs over a gas station was filmed in Jockgrim, in the background is the Hinterst\u00e4del. People who have worked on the ground Franz Bernhard (1934\u20132013), sculptor, lived in Jockgrim Albert Haueisen (1872\u20131954), painter Helmut Ru\u00dfwurm (1911\u20131995), painter External links References Germersheim (district)\n\nThe Almoravid dynasty () was an imperial Berber Muslim dynasty centered in the territory of present-day Morocco. It established an empire in the 11th century that stretched over the western Maghreb and Al-Andalus, starting in the 1050s and lasting until its fall to the Almohads in 1147. The dynasty emerged from a coalition of the Lamtuna, Gudala, and Massufa, nomadic Berber tribes living in what is now Mauritania and the Western Sahara, traversing the territory between the Draa, the Niger, and the Senegal rivers. During their expansion into the Maghreb, the Almoravids founded the city of Marrakesh as a capital, . The Almoravids were crucial in preventing the fall of Al-Andalus (Muslim rule in Iberia) to the Iberian Christian kingdoms, when they decisively defeated a coalition of the Castilian and Aragonese armies at the Battle of Sagrajas in 1086. This enabled them to control an empire that stretched north to\n\nMoominsummer Madness (Swedish title Farlig midsommar, or \"Dangerous Midsummer\") is the fifth in the series of Tove Jansson's Moomins books, published in 1954. The major theme of the novel is theatre, described as an infuriating but ultimately rewarding process. The novel forms the basis of episodes 28\u201330 in the 1990 TV series. Plot summary A nearby volcano causes a massive wave to flood Moominvalley. While escaping the flood the Moomin family and their friends find a building floating past, and take up residence there. They believe it is a deserted house until they realise someone else lives there, Emma, who explains that it is not a house but a theatre. The moomins start to understand about the scenery, props, and costumes they have found. The theatre drifts aground and Moomintroll and the Snorkmaiden decide to go and sleep in a tree. When they wake next morning the theatre has floated\n\nQuestion: Define Almoravid dynasty.", "output": "The Almoravid dynasty was an imperial Berber Muslim dynasty centered in the territory of present-day Morocco."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bhadrak is a city of Odisha state in eastern India. The city is the district headquarters of Bhadrak district. According to legend, the city derives its name from the Goddess Bhadrakali, whose temple is on the banks of the Salandi River. History According to legend, Bhadrak derives its name from the Goddess Bhadrakali, whose temple is situated on the southwest outskirts of the town. It is an ancient land, dating from the age of the Puranas. Bhadrak's contribution to Odisha's maritime and agrarian prosperity, trade, and commerce throughout the ages is a part of history. In the Mughal period, Bhadrak was a subah, or province, under the Nawabs of Bengal. When the imperial power of the Mughals waned, the area consisted of principalities such as Kanika, Nampo, and Agarapada, with administrative sub-units called chowparhies, all ruled by Kshatriya chiefs. After the occupation of Odisha by the British in June 1804,\n\nHaramaya University (HU) (; Oromo: Univarsiitii Haramayaa) is a public research university in Haramaya, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. It is approximately east of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The Ministry of Science and Higher Education admits qualified students to Haramaya University based on their score on the Ethiopian Higher Education Entrance Examination (EHEEE). History Haramaya University as \"Haramaya University College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences\" was established in 1954 and it was part of Addis Ababa University until 1985 when it upgraded full-fledged university of agriculture. The university converted to multi-disciplinary university in 1996. The university named as \"Haramaya University\" in 2006. On 27 May 1985, marking the historic visit of President Mengistu Haile Mariam to campus, the college transformed into University of Agriculture. By 1995/1996, the university underwent new transformation phase involving fields of Teacher Education and Health. In September 2002, two more facilities were opened: Faculty of Law and Faculty of\n\nBlue \u00d6yster Cult ( ; sometimes abbreviated B\u00d6C or BOC) is an American rock band formed on Long Island in Stony Brook, New York, in 1967. The band has sold 25 million records worldwide, including 7 million in the United States. The band's fusion of hard rock with psychedelia, and penchant for occult, fantastical and tongue-in-cheek lyrics, had a major influence on heavy metal music. They developed a cult following and, while achieving mainstream hits like \"(Don't Fear) The Reaper\" (1976) and \"Burnin' for You\" (1981), rarely experienced commercial success. Both songs, and others such as \"Godzilla\" (1977), remain classic rock radio staples. The band were early adopters of the music video format, and their videos received heavy rotation on MTV in its early period. Blue \u00d6yster Cult's longest-lasting and the most commercially successful lineup included Donald \"Buck Dharma\" Roeser (lead guitar, vocals), Eric Bloom (lead vocals, \"stun guitar\", keyboards,\n\nQuestion: Define Haramaya University.", "output": "Haramaya University is a public research university in Haramaya, Oromia Region, Ethiopia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mudskippers are any of the 23 extant species of amphibious fish from the subfamily Oxudercinae of the goby family Oxudercidae. They are known for their unusual body shapes, preferences for semiaquatic habitats, limited terrestrial locomotion and jumping, and the ability to survive prolonged periods of time both in and out of water. Mudskippers can grow up to long, and most are a brownish green colour that ranges anywhere from dark to light. During mating seasons, the males will also develop brightly coloured spots in order to attract females, which can be red, green or blue. Unlike other fish, the mudskipper's eyes protrude from the top of its flat head. Their most noticeable feature however is their side pectoral fins that are located more forward and under their elongated body. These fins are jointed and function similarly to limbs, which allow the mudskipper to crawl from place to place. Although having\n\nA spudger (also known as a spludger, non-marring nylon black stick tool) is a tool that has a wide flat-head screwdriver-like end that extends as a wedge, used to separate pressure-fit plastic components without causing damage during separation. Uses The flat end of the spudger is often used to loosen or release components inside electronics, for example during the replacement of batteries or touch screens for smartphones. The other end is often a point or a hook depending on application. When applied to separate pressure-fit panels, there is often a point to create an initial gap before the wedge end is utilized. A spudger is also a wiring tool used for poking or adjusting small wires or components, generally in the electronics and telecommunications industries. A typical spudger is an insulating stick, made of either wood, plastic or a nylon fiberglass material. For instances where the spudger is used for\n\nBeno\u00eet \"Ben\" Poher (born 27 June 1979) is a French singer, songwriter and lyricist. He is the lead singer of French rock band Kyo and was the lead singer in the supergroup Empyr. Early life Poher was born in Mantes-la-Jolie, Yvelines, in the western suburbs of Paris to musician parents. He pursued a musical life while at Ensemble scolaire Notre-Dame \"Les Oiseaux\" (a French junior high school). In Kyo While studying at Notre-Dame \"Les Oiseaux\" in 1994, Poher met the brothers Fabien and Florian Dubois, and Nicolas Chassagne. They formed a rock band later known as Kyo in 1997. Originally Beno\u00eet was a bass player in the band before taking over as lead vocals because of his powerful voice. The band continued practicing and performing and in 2000 released an independent self-titled album Kyo. But it was with their follow-up album le chemin in 2003 that made it to number\n\nQuestion: What is Mudskipper?", "output": "Mudskippers are any of the 23 extant species of amphibious fish from the subfamily Oxudercinae of the goby family Oxudercidae."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mother Brook is a stream that flows from the Charles River in Dedham, Massachusetts, to the Neponset River in the Hyde Park section of Boston, Massachusetts. Mother Brook was also known variously as East Brook and Mill Creek in earlier times. Digging the brook made Boston and some surrounding communities an island, accessible only by crossing over water, making Mother Brook \"Massachusetts' Panama Canal.\" Dug by English settlers in 1639 to power a grist mill, it is the oldest such canal in North America. Mother Brook was important to Dedham as its only source of water power for mills, from 1639 into the early 20th century. Today, Mother Brook is part of a flood-control system that diverts water from the Charles River to the Neponset River. The brook's flow is under the control of the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation and is used for flood control on the Charles.\n\nAircraft hijacking (also known as airplane hijacking, skyjacking, plane hijacking, plane jacking, air robbery, air piracy, or aircraft piracy, with the last term used within the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States) is the unlawful seizure of an aircraft by an individual or a group. Dating from the earliest of hijackings, most cases involve the pilot being forced to fly according to the hijacker's demands. There have also been incidents where the hijackers have overpowered the flight crew, made unauthorized entry into the cockpit and flown them into buildingsmost notably in the September 11 attacksand in several cases, planes have been hijacked by the official pilot or co-pilot; e.g., Ethiopian Airlines Flight 702. Unlike carjacking or sea piracy, an aircraft hijacking is not usually committed for robbery or theft. Individuals driven by personal gain often divert planes to destinations where they are not planning to go themselves. Some hijackers\n\nLas Trampas or just Trampas (Spanish: \"traps\"), is a small unincorporated town in Taos County, New Mexico. Founded in 1751, its center retains the original early Spanish colonial defensive layout from that time, as well as the 18th-century San Jos\u00e9 de Gracia Church, one of the finest surviving examples of Spanish Colonial church architecture in the United States. The village center was designated a National Historic Landmark District (the Las Trampas Historic District) in 1967. Geography Las Trampas is located on the scenic High Road to Taos (New Mexico State Road 76) in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. it is approximately halfway between Santa Fe to the south and Taos to the north. The town has an elevation of . The town has a post office, with the ZIP code 87576; the US Postal Service prefers the name \"Trampas\". No ZIP Code Tabulation Area information for 87576 is available from\n\nQuestion: What is Las Trampas, New Mexico?", "output": "Las Trampas or just Trampas, is a small unincorporated town in Taos County, New Mexico."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Serve the People\" () is a political slogan and the motto of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It originates from the title of a speech by Mao Zedong, delivered in September 1944. The slogan became popular in the United States due to the strong Maoist influence on the New Left, especially among the Red Guard Party, the Black Panther Party, and the Yellow Brotherhood of West Los Angeles. Development Mao Zedong wrote this speech to commemorate the death of a PLA soldier, Zhang Side, a participant in the Long March who died in the collapse of a kiln when he worked in Shaanxi province. In the speech, Mao quoted a phrase written by the famous Han Dynasty historian Sima Qian: \"Though death befalls all men alike, it may be heavy as Mount Tai or light as a feather\" (\u4eba\u56fa\u6709\u4e00\u6b7b\uff0c\u6216\u8f7b\u4e8e\u9e3f\u6bdb\uff0c\u6216\u91cd\u4e8e\u6cf0\u5c71). Mao continued: \"To die for the people is weightier than Mount\n\nNatalya Anatolyevna Petrusyova (; born 2 September 1955) is a former speed skater. Short biography Natalya Petrusyova trained at Burevestnik. Competing for the Soviet Union, Petrusyova was a very successful skater \u2013 once Olympic Champion (on the 1,000 m), twice World Allround Champion, once World Sprint Champion, twice European Allround Champion, three times Soviet Allround Champion, twice Soviet Sprint Champion, and ten-time world record holder. Petrusyova was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples in 1980. After her speed skating career had ended, Petrusyova became the senior speed skating coach at the Committee for Physical Culture and Sports in Moscow. At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, she was the senior coach of the Russian speed skating team. She married Vladimir Komarov, a Soviet Olympic speed skater. Medals An overview of medals won by Petrusyova at important championships she participated in, listing the years in which she won each: World\n\nThe Baralong incidents were two incidents during the First World War in August and September 1915, involving the Royal Navy Q-ship and two German U-boats. Baralong sank , which had been preparing to attack a nearby merchant ship, the Nicosian. About a dozen of the crewmen managed to escape from the sinking submarine and Lieutenant Godfrey Herbert, commanding officer of Baralong, ordered the survivors to be executed after they boarded the Nicosian. All the survivors of U-27s sinking, including several who had reached the Nicosian, were shot by Baralongs crew. Later, Baralong sank in an incident which has also been described as a British war crime. First incident Action of 19 August 1915 After the sinking of by a German submarine in May 1915, Lieutenant-Commander Godfrey Herbert, commanding officer of Baralong, was visited by two officers of the Admiralty's Secret Service branch at the naval base at Queenstown, Ireland. He\n\nQuestion: Define Baralong incidents.", "output": "The Baralong incidents were two incidents during the First World War in August and September 1915, involving the Royal Navy Q-ship  and two German U-boats."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Beavis and Butt-Head: The Mike Judge Collection is a series of three DVD box sets from MTV and Paramount Home Entertainment, each containing 40 Beavis and Butt-Head episodes chosen by series creator Mike Judge and special features such as interviews and music videos. The first entry in the series was released on November 8, 2005, while the final two volumes were released in 2006. In 2007, a complete set of all three DVDs was released, which included the content from all three volumes as well as the film Beavis and Butt-Head Do America. In 2012, the set was reissued as a single DVD. The Mike Judge Collection was also released in three volumes in UMD format for the PlayStation Portable. Due to the limited space of UMDs, the special features were removed and the number of episodes in each volume was reduced. On February 14, 2017, MTV and Paramount released\n\nRobert Randall Thomas (born August 7, 1952) is a former justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois and a former professional football player. He has served as the Illinois Supreme Court Justice for the Second District since December 4, 2000, and as chief justice from September 6, 2005 to September 5, 2008. His political affiliation is Republican. Early life and education Born in Rochester, New York, Thomas graduated from McQuaid Jesuit High School in Rochester, where he excelled both academically and in athletics, lettering in both football and soccer. He attended the University of Notre Dame where he kicked for the football team, including kicking the winning field goal in the 1973 Sugar Bowl victory over University of Alabama, which clinched the AP National Championship that season for Notre Dame. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Government in 1974 and was named an Academic All-American in that same\n\nTolga Safer (born 26 June 1982) is a British actor who is known for playing Igor Karkaroff's Aide in the movie version of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Life and career Safer was born in London, to Turkish Cypriot parents. He started acting at the age of 7 in school plays and attended classes at the Sylvia Young Theatre School. Safer has appeared in various TV commercials for Pepsi and Korres, and The Red Cross, (Directed by Peter Webber). He has appeared in several TV episodes of BBC's Casualty and Doctors. His first main role was in the film Culture Menace which was a British independent movie before working on Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire in a role created especially for him. Other notable film credits include Sugarhouse alongside Andy Serkis and Ashley Walters and Shoot on Sight. In 2017, Safer appeared alongside Dylan O'Brien in\n\nQuestion: Who is Robert R. Thomas", "output": "Robert Randall Thomas is a former justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois and a former professional football player."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Irvine railway station is a railway station serving the town of Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Ayrshire Coast Line, south west of . History The station opened on 5 August 1839 as part of the Glasgow, Paisley, Kilmarnock and Ayr Railway. There was a branch leaving here for and which closed in 1965. During the electrification of the Ayrshire Coast Line by British Rail, Irvine station was partially refurbished, resulting in a glass front canopy on the main building and external ramp access to both platforms. Facilities The station is staffed on a full-time basis seven days a week. There is a small kiosk shop and an adjoining car park with 100 spaces. Train running information is offered via digital CIS displays, automated announcements, timetable posters and customer help points on each platform. Step-free access is available to both sides of\n\nVanderCook College of Music is a private music school in Chicago, Illinois. It is the only college in the United States solely specializing in the training of music educators. Students may pursue a Bachelor of Music in Education (B.M.Ed.), Master of Music in Education (M.M.Ed.), and Master of Music in Education and Certification. The college is located in a Mies van der Rohe building on the campus of Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT). VanderCook is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and the National Association of Schools of Music. History VanderCook Cornet School (later VanderCook College of Music) was founded in 1909 by Hale Ascher VanderCook (1864\u20131949) to train professional musicians, directors and teachers. The year 1909 is given as the founding date of VanderCook College because, in that year, Mr. VanderCook purchased the home, school and studios of his teacher, Alfred F. Weldon. The school was located at 1652\n\nKiryat Netafim (, ) is an Israeli settlement in the northern West Bank. Located about 8 km west of the city Ariel, it is organised as a community settlement and falls under the jurisdiction of Shomron Regional Council. In it had a population of . The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this. History Kiryat Netafim was founded in June 1986, on land belonging to the Palestinian villages of Qarawat Bani Hassan, and Haris, by a group of Orthodox Yemenite Jews as another link in a chain of settlements built along the Trans-Samaria Highway and adjacent to the Barkan Industrial Park. It is named after a Bible verse: \"New wine will drip from the mountains.\" (Amos 9:13) Since then, Kiryat Netafim has lost its homogeneous nature while accepting families from many different backgrounds. In 2009 Peace Now petitioned\n\nQuestion: What is VanderCook College of Music?", "output": "VanderCook College of Music is a private music school in Chicago, Illinois."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Udaipur (Hindi: , ) (ISO 15919: Udayapura) is a city and municipal corporation in Udaipur district of the state of Rajasthan, India.It is also known as the 'City of Lakes' and serves as the administrative headquarters of Udaipur district. It is the historic capital of the kingdom of Mewar in the former Rajputana Agency. It was founded in 1559 by Udai Singh II of the Sisodia clan of Rajputs, when he shifted his capital from the city of Chittorgarh to Udaipur after Chittorgarh was besieged by Akbar. It remained as the capital city till 1818 when it became a British princely state, and thereafter the Mewar province became a part of Rajasthan when India gained independence in 1947. The city is located in the southernmost part of Rajasthan, near the Gujarat border. It is surrounded by the Aravali Range, which separates it from the Thar Desert. It is placed almost\n\nOdds Bodkin (born February 14, 1953) is the pseudonym of an American storyteller, musician, and author who has published a number of spoken and/or musical interpretations of traditional tales, as well as a number of original tales and children's books. \"Little Proto's T-Rex Adventure\" was awarded the Parents' Choice Gold Award. Odds and his family live in Bradford, New Hampshire. Bodkin tours both nationally and internationally, appearing at storytelling festivals, schools, universities, theaters and museums. He has performed at the White House and the National Storytelling Festival. Bodkin projects include The Vanishers: The App that Brings Objects to Life, a story-based Alternative Reality Game (ARG) for museums and outdoor places, and Young Hercules: The Legendary Bully, an empathy-awareness program for middle, high school and college students. Under the pseudonym \"McKenzie Bodkin\", Bodkin's original epic poem The Water Mage's Daughter: A Novel of Love, Magic and War in Verse was published\n\nSymphony station is an underground light rail station in Boston, Massachusetts on the E branch of the MBTA Green Line. It is located at the intersection of Massachusetts Avenue and Huntington Avenue. Symphony is the outermost underground station on the E branch; after leaving Symphony, outbound trains emerge onto the surface and continue down the median of Huntington Avenue. Symphony station is named after the nearby Symphony Hall. The station is not accessible. Utility work for accessibility renovations began in 2023, with station reconstruction work to last from 2024 to 2026. History Opening The station opened February 16, 1941 as part of the Huntington Avenue tunnel, which was a Works Progress Administration project that eliminated streetcars from Boylston Street and Copley Square in order to ease congestion. The tunnel ran from just west of Copley to just east of Opera Place, with intermediate stations near the major performance halls at\n\nQuestion: What is Symphony station", "output": "Symphony station is an underground light rail station in Boston, Massachusetts on the E branch of the MBTA Green Line."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The True Vine ( h\u0113 ampelos h\u0113 al\u0113thin\u0113) is an allegory or parable given by Jesus in the New Testament. Found in John , it describes Jesus' disciples as branches of himself, who is described as the \"true vine\", and God the Father the \"husbandman\". Old Testament There are numerous Old Testament passages which refer to the people of Israel as a vine ( gephen): , , , , , and , and . The Old Testament passages which use this symbolism appear to regard Israel as faithful to God and/or the object of severe punishment. Ezek 15:1\u20138 in particular talks about the worthlessness of wood from a vine (in relation to disobedient Judah). A branch cut from a vine is worthless except to be burned as fuel. This appears to fit more with the statements about the disciples than with Jesus\u2019 description of himself as the vine. Ezek 17:5\u201310\n\nPhosphate nephropathy or nephrocalcinosis is an adverse renal condition that arises with a formation of phosphate crystals within the kidney's tubules. This renal insufficiency is associated with the use of oral sodium phosphate (OSP) such as C.B. Fleet's Phospho soda and Salix's Visocol, for bowel cleansing prior to a colonoscopy. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the potential risk factors of this complication include pre-existing kidney disease, increased age, female gender, dehydration, comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and concurrent treatment with hypertensive medications (ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers) and medications that affect renal perfusion (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug or NSAIDs and diuretics). This complication can be diagnosed with renal tests and biomarkers in laboratories including histochemical staining of renal biopsy specimens, the measure of creatinine level, GFR level, and urine output, urine microscopy, CT scanning, and urinalysis. Phosphate nephropathy may also lead to further renal\n\nMillville is a former village in York County, New Brunswick, Canada. It held village status prior to 2023 and is now part of the rural community of Nackawic-Millville. It is at the intersection of Route 104 and Route 605. Situated on the Nackawic River approximately 58.16 kilometers northwest of Fredericton, Millville has one combination convenience store and gas station both have now been closed, as well as a volunteer fire department and several churches and post office. The village is famous for having the World's Largest Artificial Maple Leaf. The community is served by the Millville Fire Department, consisting of approximately 18 volunteer firefighters. History Millville was established about 1860 as a New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Land Company settlement. A post office was established in 1866. In 1898, Millville was a station on the Canadian Pacific Railway. It was incorporated as a village in 1966. On 1 January 2023,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Phosphate nephropathy is.", "output": "Phosphate nephropathy or nephrocalcinosis is an adverse renal condition that arises with a formation of phosphate crystals within the kidney's tubules."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kentlake High School is a public high school, of more than 1,500 students located in Kent, Washington, United States. It is part of the Kent School District. History Kentlake High School was designed by the architectural firm Burr Lawrence Rising and was a prison gates and built in 1997. Built to accommodate 1600 students, the brick-exterior, two-story facility has for student use. Under a cooperative agreement with King County Parks, an adjacent site provides additional fields for Kentlake's athletic programs. Kentlake welcomed its first student body, the classes of 1999 and 2000 in grades 10\u201311, when it opened on September 2, 1997. Kentlake opened to grades 9\u201312 during the 2004\u201305 school years. During the 2010-2011 school year, Dr. Joe Potts, former assistant principal of Kentwood High School, replaced Diana Pratt as the principal of Kentlake. The replacement was followed with the hiring of two assistant principals - Dylan Smith and\n\nKudai are a Chilean pop rock band from Santiago, Chile, formed in early 2000. The group is composed of Pablo Holman, B\u00e1bara Sep\u00falveda, Tom\u00e1s Manzi, and Nicole Natalino, who left the group in 2006 citing personal reasons, and was replaced by Ecuadorian Gabriela Villalba for three years. After the group disbanded in 2010, in November 2016, the band confirmed their return to the scene with the original members. Originally beginning their career as a children band named CIAO, they rose to international fame when they changed their name and musical style with their debut album Vuelo (2004), which was a worldwide success, reaching triple platinum status in Chile, and selling over 500,000 copies worldwide. Their third studio album Nadha (2008) was nominated for Best Pop Album by Group or Duet at the 9th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, and was critically acclaimed. They are well known for hit songs, such as\n\nSkidegate () is a Haida community in in British Columbia, Canada. It is on the southeast coast of Graham Island, the largest island in the archipelago, and is approximately west of mainland British Columbia across Hecate Strait. Skidegate, which is on Skidegate Indian Reserve No. 1 and was formerly home to the Skidegate Mission is also the northern terminal for the BC Ferries service between Graham Island and Alliford Bay on Moresby Island. According to tradition, the village was named after an earlier village chief, Sg\u0331iida-gidg\u0331a Iihllngas = \"Son of the Chiton\u201d whose name late 18th-century traders in sea otter pelts recorded as Skidegate. Between 1790 and 1820, the community was a hub for the exploitation of sea otter furs. Skidegate is home to a number of totem poles: T'anuu'llnagaay (Tanu) by Giitsxaa Hlknul'llnagaay (Cumshewa) by Gidansda Guujaaw HlGaagilda'llnagaay (Skidegate) by Norman Price K'uuna'llnagaay (Skedans) by Jim Hart Ts'aahj'llnagaay (Chaatl)\n\nQuestion: Define Kentlake High School.", "output": "Kentlake High School is a public high school, of more than 1,500 students located in Kent, Washington, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Pelinkovac is a bitter liqueur based on wormwood (Croatian and Slovenian: pelen or pelin), popular in Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Bulgaria as well as in Slovenia, where it is known as pelinkovec or pelinovec. The alcohol content is 28\u201335% by volume. It has a very bitter taste, resembling that of J\u00e4germeister. History Badel Pelinkovac was the first Croatian drink to be enjoyed in the court of Napoleon III of France. In January 2017, Badel Pelinkovac started exports to the United States. It took two years for the company to get the permits to export to the USA. The drink was already exported to 30 countries worldwide. Brands In Croatia: Pelinkovac by Dalmacijavino (Split, Croatia). 28% alcohol. Maraska Pelinkovac by Maraska Distillery (Zadar, Croatia). 28% alcohol. Rovinjski Pelinkovac by Darna Distillery (Rovinj, Croatia). 28% alcohol. Badel Pelinkovac by the Badel Distillery (Zagreb, Croatia) since 1871. 32% alcohol.\n\nStefan Avalos is an American Filmmaker, Musician and Journalist, best known for his work in film. Together with his partner Lance Weiler, he made The Last Broadcast (1997), a horror film based on found footage. The two men wrote, directed, starred in, and produced the film together. It was shown at film festivals, winning Best Feature Film Silver Prize at the Chicago Underground Film Festival. Trained as a classical violinist, Avalos performed as a soloist with, among others, the Philadelphia Orchestra. Biography Avalos studied classical violin from childhood, but by early high school, he realized his true love was film. He made amateur movies in high school and studied filmmaking in college. He has worked in many aspects of the film business, producing and directing commercials for foreign television, as well as working for numerous American clients. These included Rescue 911, Frontline, and MTV. In 1993, he wrote, produced and\n\nFrank Alan Hamblen II (April 16, 1947 \u2013 September 30, 2017) was an American basketball coach and scout. He played college basketball at Syracuse. He died in San Diego on September 30, 2017. Early life Born in Terre Haute, Indiana in 1947, Hamblen graduated from Garfield High School in Terre Haute in 1965. As a Sophomore, he was a reserve guard on the 1963 IHSAA State Finals team that was defeated by South Bend Central, 72\u201345 in the first game of the semi-final round. He finished as the Purple Eagles' #3 scorer behind 3-time All-American Terry Dischinger and Hall of Famer Clyde Lovellette. Hamblen was recognized among the top 12 high school basketball players in Indiana and 25 years later was named to the Silver Anniversary Team in 1990 by the Indiana Sports Hall of Fame. College career Hamblen graduated from Syracuse University in 1969. On the Syracuse Orange men's\n\nQuestion: What is Frank Hamblen", "output": "Frank Alan Hamblen II was an American basketball coach and scout."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Pennant Hills Demons is an Australian rules football club competing in the Sydney AFL Premier League and based out of the Sydney suburb of Pennant Hills. Their home ground moved from Ern Holmes Oval in April 2011 to Mike Kenny Oval History The club was formed in 1971. Pennant Hills were promoted to the top Sydney grade, the SFL (now Sydney AFL Premier Division) in 1977. The club has won the Sydney Premier Division premiership 5 times. Their first was won in 2000, when the Demons defeated North Shore 15.12 (102) to 12.7 (79) at Macquarie University. Their second was in 2006, at Henson Park. The Demons scored eight behinds in a row to defeat the previously undefeated East Coast Eagles by two points. Pennant Hills 5.20 (50) East Coast Eagles 7.6 (48) The third flag in 2008 again came against East Coast Eagles, with a record 104-point win also\n\nHarir (, ) is a town and sub-district in Erbil Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The town is located in the Shaqlawa District. In the town, there was a church of Mar Yohanna. History According to the Yazidi tradition, the ruler (M\u00eer) of Har\u00eer was P\u00eer Hesinmeman (Pir Hassan ibn Mam), who was one of the close companions of Sheikh Adi and is considered P\u00eer of forty P\u00eers ('P\u00eer\u00ea \u00e7il P\u00eera') and head of the P\u00eer caste. Initially, upon hearing about Sheikh Adi's arrival, P\u00eer Hesinmeman declared a war on him with his 700 riders and decided to banish him. But when he came to Lalish and saw the dervish dressed in the garment, i.e Sheikh Adi, he had a vision, after which he left worldly life and became a disciple of Sheikh Adi. The settlement of Salahaddin, where the residence of Masoud Barzani is situated, is believed to have\n\nSirkuspelle Hermanni (translates to Hermanni the Circus Clown) is a Finnish children's TV show from 1978\u20131988 shown on Yle TV2 in the Pikku Kakkonen children's program. The show's main character is Pelle Hermanni (translates to Hermanni the Clown), a clown who lives in his own trailer at a circus trailer park. He was played by Veijo Pasanen. There is no major continuing plot, instead the episodes consist of Hermanni talking about his life and daily events in a funny, clownish, somewhat childish way. His comedic antics are further increased by the comically misproportioned props and his way of fumbling over difficult words. Hermanni would often ask questions from his children audience, and then pretend to actually hear what they answered, saying such things like \"Right, Annika there knew the answer!\" In by far the most of the episodes, Hermanni is the only human actor shown. Other characters include Vekkari, Hermanni's\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Harir, Iraq is.", "output": "Harir is a town and sub-district in Erbil Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Folk-pop is a musical style that may be 1) contemporary folk songs with large, sweeping pop arrangements, or 2) pop songs with intimate, acoustic-based folk arrangements. Recording production values created a unblemished style that appealed to a mass audience, and thus led to commercial success as measured by high record sales, particularly as illustrated by hit records reaching the Top 40 on AM radio in the United States. Folk-pop developed during the 1960s folk music and folk rock boom. Key example of folk-pop artists include The Kingston Trio and Peter, Paul and Mary with contracts with major record labels (Capitol Records and Warner Brothers Records, respectively). The commercially successful artists stood in contrast to more politically charged and uncompromising folk music performers such as Joan Baez, Barbara Dane, Odetta, Phil Ochs, Nina Simone and The Weavers, or in more recent decades Tracy Chapman or Ani DiFranco. Folk-pop is found in\n\nAidan Girt is a Canadian drummer for the Montreal-based post-rock collectives Godspeed You! Black Emperor, and Exhaust. He is also a solo electronic artist under the names OSB, 1-Speed Bike, and Bottleskup Flenkenkenmike and continues to record (with others) in Some Became Hollow Tubes. Career In 1994, Girt co-founded Godspeed You! Black Emperor. Girt, along with Gordon Krieger and Mike Zabitsky, formed the group Exhaust; they performed in Montreal for a short time and released a single in 1996. In 1998, the three released a self-titled album and, in 2001, a studio album, Enregistreur. Girt played drums as a guest musician on the debut album of A Silver Mt. Zion in 2000. As 1-Speed Bike, Girt released a number of solo albums and EPs, including El Gallito in 2004 In 2019 Girt began releasing music as a duo with guitarist Eric Quach under the name Some Became Hollow Tubes. Discography\n\nThe Diocese of Austin () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church comprising 25 counties of Central Texas in the United States. The diocese estimates a population of over 625,000 Catholics. As of 2021, the Diocese of Austin had 216 priests (168 active, 48 retired); 240 permanent deacons (160 active, 80 retired); and approximately 30 brothers and 84 sisters. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston. Territory The Diocese of Austin includes 123 parishes and missions and six Catholic student centers at universities. The diocese boundaries are: West, Texas in the north San Marcos in the south Bryan - College Station in the east Mason in the west. The largest metropolitan areas in the diocese are Austin, Bryan - College Station, the Killeen \u2013 Temple \u2013 Fort Hood area and Waco. History 1690 to 1947 The first\n\nQuestion: What is Roman Catholic Diocese of Austin", "output": "The Diocese of Austin is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory, or diocese, of the Catholic Church comprising 25 counties of Central Texas in the United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Arianespace SA is a French company founded in 1980 as the world's first commercial launch service provider. It undertakes the operation and marketing of the Ariane programme. The company offers a number of different launch vehicles: the heavy-lift Ariane 5 for dual launches to geostationary transfer orbit, the Soyuz-2 as a medium-lift alternative, and the solid-fueled Vega for lighter payloads. , Arianespace had launched more than 850 satellites in 287 launches over 41 years. The first commercial flight managed by the new entity was Spacenet F1 launched on 23 May 1984. Arianespace uses the Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana as its main launch site. Through shareholding in Starsem, it can also offer commercial Soyuz launches from the Baikonur spaceport in Kazakhstan. It has its headquarters in \u00c9vry-Courcouronnes, Essonne, France. History The formation of Arianespace SA is closely associated with the desire of several European nations to pursue joint collaboration\n\nThe Sutherland Cup is the ice hockey Ontario Junior \"B\" Provincial Championship trophy. The trophy was first awarded in 1934, and named in honour of former OHA and CAHA president, James T. Sutherland. The Sutherland Cup is now the championship trophy of the Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League. Until 2007, the Cup served as an interleague provincial championship. From 1976 until 1978, as many as eight leagues competed for the Sutherland Cup in a massive playdown structure that took months to complete. There is no National Championship for Junior B hockey in Canada, similar championships are held in Western Canada (Keystone Cup), Quebec (Coupe Dodge), Eastern Ontario (Barkley Cup), and Atlantic Canada (Don Johnson Memorial Cup)\u2014leaving five teams at the end of each year with a shared claim to being the best Junior B team in Canada. Competing leagues Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League (GOJHL) 2007 to present Past competing\n\n\"The Forms of Things Unknown\" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on May 4, 1964, and was the final episode of the first season. It was filmed in a dual format as both a regular episode of The Outer Limits and as a pilot episode for a possible series called The Unknown. The opening and closing narration listed here are only in The Unknown version and not in the broadcast The Outer Limits episode. There are plot differences between the two versions as well. Opening narration (used for The Unknown pilot) There is a fear that is unlike all other fears. It has a special, clammy chill, a deadly gift for inspiring deeper, darker dread. It is the fear of unentered rooms, of bends in lonely roads. It is the fear of the phone call in the middle of the night, of\n\nQuestion: Define Arianespace.", "output": "Arianespace SA is a French company founded in 1980 as the world's first commercial launch service provider."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Fereydoon Moshiri (; September 21, 1926 \u2013 October 24, 2000) was one of the prominent contemporary Persian poets who wrote poems in both modern and classic styles of the Persian poem. A selection of his poems has been translated into English entitled With All my Tears by Ali Salami. Some of his other published works are as follows: 1957, Gonah-e Darya (The Sin of the Sea) 1958, Nayafteh (Undiscovered) 1960, Abr (The Cloud) 1970, Parvaz Ba Khorshid (Flying With the Sun) 1978, Bahar ra Bavar Kon (Believe the Spring) 1988, Ah Baran (Oh, the Rain) 2001, Ta Sobh-e Tabnak-e Ahura'ii (Until the Bright of Ahuric Dawn) Last years Fereydoon Moshiri had been suffering from leukaemia and kidney failure for five years and died in \"Tehran Clinic\" hospital on October 24, 2000, at the age of 74. References External links Fereydoon Moshiri at Iran Chamber Society Fereydoon Moshiri's life Kooche by\n\nThe Millenary Petition was a list of requests given to James I by Puritans in 1603 when he was travelling to London in order to claim the English throne. It is claimed, but not proven, that this petition had 1,000 signatures of Puritan ministers. This carefully worded document expressed Puritan distaste regarding the state of the Church of England, and took into consideration James' religious views as well as his liking for a debate, as written in Basilikon Doron. While many of the main Puritan goals were rebutted, the petition did culminate in the Hampton Court Conference, which eventually led James to authorize the 1604 minor revision of the Book of Common Prayer. The most substantial outcome of the conference was the commission of a new English translation of the bible, now known as the King James Version. Context and formulation In a time where it was unwise to criticise\n\nBernard Cooper (October 3, 1951) is an American novelist, essayist and short story writer. His writings are in part autobiographical and influenced by his own experiences as a gay man. His work has appeared in numerous magazines, journals, and five volumes of The Best American Essays. Two of Cooper's novels have received literary awards. He is often described as a \"writer's writer\". Cooper has taught at the California Institute of the Arts and Bennington College, and in 2014 he served as the Bedell Distinguished Visiting Professor at the University of Iowa's nonfiction writing program. Biography, education and work Cooper was born in Hollywood, California, to Jewish parents; Lillian and Edward Cooper. He was the youngest of his parents' four boys, and was raised in Los Angeles. His three older brothers all died from either cancer or heart attack, when they were in their 30s. His father was a prosperous divorce\n\nQuestion: Define Fereydoon Moshiri.", "output": "Fereydoon Moshiri was one of the prominent contemporary Persian poets who wrote poems in both modern and classic styles of the Persian poem."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Swayambhu (Devanagari: \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u092e\u094d\u092d\u0942 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0942\u092a; Nepal bhasa: \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902\u092d\u0942; sometimes Swayambu or Swoyambhu) is an ancient religious complex atop a hill in the Kathmandu Valley, west of Kathmandu city. The Tibetan name for the site means 'Sublime Trees' (Wylie: Phags.pa Shing.kun), for the many varieties of trees found on the hill. However, Shingun may be of in Nepalbhasa name for the complex, Swayambhu, meaning 'self-sprung'. For the Buddhist Newars, in whose mythological history and origin myth as well as day-to-day religious practice Swayambhu occupies a central position, it is probably the most sacred among Buddhist pilgrimage sites. For Tibetans and followers of Tibetan Buddhism, it is second only to Boudha. Swayambhu is the Hindu name. The complex consists of a stupa, a variety of shrines and temples, some dating back to the Licchavi period. A Tibetan monastery, museum and library are more recent additions. The stupa has Buddha's eyes and eyebrows painted\n\nAbigail Sin Si Ern () (born 1992 in Singapore) is a Singaporean concert pianist. She was hailed by Time Asia magazine as a bona fide prodigy and one of Asia's \"Small Wonders\" when she was ten years old. Early life Sin was born in Singapore, as a twin, in 1992. She also has a younger brother (born in 1994). She started reading at age two and stumbled across her first piano in her grandmother's basement at the age of four and a half. Sin was educated at Methodist Girls' School, where she excelled academically, particularly in mathematics and creative writing. She was also the top Primary School Leaving Examination student in Methodist Girls' School in 2004 and was awarded their Scholar Award. At the age of 14, she became the youngest student in the history of the National University of Singapore to enter the Yong Siew Toh Conservatory of Music\n\nThe long-nosed snake (Rhinocheilus lecontei) is a species of nonvenomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to North America. It has two recognized subspecies. The other species in the genus were previously considered subspecies. Etymology The specific name, lecontei, commemorates American entomologist John Lawrence Le Conte (1825-1883). Description The long-nosed snake is distinguished by a long, slightly upturned snout, which is the origin of its common name. It is tricolor, vaguely resembling a coral snake, with black and red saddling on a yellow or cream-colored background. Cream-colored spots within the black saddles are a distinct characteristic of the long-nosed snake. It differs from all other harmless snakes in the United States by having undivided subcaudal scales. The total length (including tail) of adults is usually , but the maximum record total length is . Behavior R. lecontei is a shy, nocturnal burrowing snake. It spends most of\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Long-nosed snake is.", "output": "The long-nosed snake is a species of nonvenomous snake in the family Colubridae."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bay\u02bfah (, \"Pledge of allegiance\"), in Islamic terminology, is an oath of allegiance to a leader. It is known to have been practiced by the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Bay\u02bfah is sometimes taken under a written pact given on behalf of the subjects by leading members of the tribe with the understanding that as long as the leader abides by certain requirements towards his people, they are to maintain their allegiance to him. Bay\u02bfah is still practiced in countries such as Saudi Arabia and Sudan. In Morocco, bay\u02bfah is one of the foundations of the monarchy. Etymology Bay'ah derives from the Semitic triconsonantal root B-Y-\u2019, related to commerce, and shows the contractual nature of the bond between caliph and the people. Bay'ah originally referred to the striking together of hands between buyer and seller to mark an agreement. In Islamic history The tradition of bay\u02bfah can be traced back to the\n\nStephen Spurr (born 9 October 1953) is an independent consultant and expert in UK and international education. From 2014 to August 2019, he was the Global Education Director of Inspired, an international education network of over 60 premium K-12 schools on five continents. A British teacher, classicist, and academic, from 2005 to 2014 he was the Head Master of Westminster School. Prior to that he was headmaster of Clifton College (2000-2005) and House Master and Head of Classics at Eton College (1984-2000). Before Eton he was a university academic, lecturing on Greek and Roman literature, history and archaeology. Education Spurr was educated at The King's School, Canterbury and Sydney Grammar School. He studied classics at the Universities of Sydney and Oxford, culminating in a DPhil degree in Ancient History from Oxford. He was awarded a postgraduate Fellowship at Harvard University, the Ancient History Prize and Cooper and Pelham Scholarships at\n\nWestern Spirit Football Club are an Australian football (soccer) club from Goodna, a suburb of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. The club was formed in 2005 from a merger between Goodna Soccer Club and Camira Soccer Club and currently play in Brisbane Premier League Division 1. They narrowly missed out on promotion in 2015 finishing 3rd and then going on to make the Grand final, going down to Souths United 3\u20130. The club draws its members mainly from the outer Brisbane suburbs Goodna, Camira, Springfield, Redbank Plains, Forest Lake, Inala and even Greenbank. Although Western Spirit is a relatively new club it is one of the largest clubs in the Ipswich area, as well as being 1 of only 3 clubs in the district to have 2 or more fields being in ownership of the club. The club offers almost every age-group and gender, membership, with members participating in an active team.\n\nQuestion: What is Western Spirit FC", "output": "Western Spirit Football Club are an Australian football club from Goodna, a suburb of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ole Myrvoll (18 May 1911 \u2013 16 July 1988) was a Norwegian professor in economy and politician for the Liberal Party and later the New People's Party. He was born in Krager\u00f8. He served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Bergen during the terms 1965\u20131969 and 1969\u20131973. From August to September 1963 he was Minister of Wages and Prices during the short-lived centre-right cabinet Lyng. He became Minister of Finance from 1965 to 1971 during the cabinet Borten. In December 1972, Myrvoll joined the New People's Party which split from the Liberal Party over disagreements of Norway's proposed entry to the European Economic Community. He was elected to Norwegian Parliament for this party in 1973, this time from Hordaland as Bergen had ceased to be a county and as such constituency. On the local level Myrvoll was a member of the executive committee of Bergen city council\n\nBlackadder is a series of four period British sitcoms, plus several one-off installments, which originally aired on BBC1 from 1983 to 1989. All television episodes starred Rowan Atkinson as the antihero Edmund Blackadder and Tony Robinson as Blackadder's dogsbody, Baldrick. Each series was set in a different historical period, with the two protagonists accompanied by different characters, though several reappear in one series or another, e.g., Melchett (Stephen Fry), Lord Flashheart (Rik Mayall) and George (Hugh Laurie). The first series, The Black Adder, was written by Richard Curtis and Rowan Atkinson, while subsequent series were written by Curtis and Ben Elton. The shows were produced by John Lloyd. In 2000, the fourth series, Blackadder Goes Forth, ranked at 16 in the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes, a list created by the British Film Institute. In a 2001 poll by Channel 4, Edmund Blackadder was ranked third on their list of\n\nTell Fekheriye () (often spelled as Tell el-Fakhariya or Tell Fecheriye, among other variants) is an ancient site in the Khabur river basin in al-Hasakah Governorate of northern Syria. It is securely identified as the site of Sikkan, attested since c. 2000 BC. While under an Assyrian governor c. 1000 BC it was called Sikani. Sikkan was part of the Syro-Hittite state of Bit Bahiani in the early 1st millennium BC. In the area, several mounds, called tells, can be found in close proximity: Tell Fekheriye, Ras al-Ayn, and 2.5 kilometers east of Tell Halaf, site of the Aramean and Neo-Assyrian city of Guzana. During the excavation, the Tell Fekheriye bilingual inscription was discovered at the site, which provides the source of information about Hadad-yith'i. In the early 20th century Tell Fekheriye was suggested as the site of Washukanni, the capital of Mitanni, but the claim is unconfirmed. Many scholars\n\nQuestion: Who is Ole Myrvoll?", "output": "Ole Myrvoll was a Norwegian professor in economy and politician for the Liberal Party and later the New People's Party."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Douglas John Buffone (June 27, 1944 \u2013 April 20, 2015) was an American professional football player who was a linebacker for the Chicago Bears in the National Football League (NFL). Buffone, the son of a coal miner (whose parents were Italian immigrants from the southern province of Cosenza, regione di Calabria), attended high school at Shannock Valley High School in Rural Valley, Pennsylvania. College career Born in Yatesboro, Pennsylvania, Buffone played linebacker and center from 1962 to 1965 at the University of Louisville. Buffone is one of only four players to lead UofL in tackles for three consecutive seasons. The others are Mark Sander, Tom Jackson (1970\u201372) and Tyrus McCloud (1994-96). He remains the Cardinals' No. 3 all-time tackler with 479, just nine stops behind the program's all-time leader Mark Sander (1987\u201390). Veteran head coach Frank Camp, who tutored NFL greats like Johnny Unitas, Lenny Lyles, Ernie Green and Ken\n\nKoonsville is a former American town that is now a section of Union Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. It is located approximately one mile outside Shickshinny, along Route 239 and McKendree Road. Its elevation is approximately 616 feet (188 m). History Formerly known as Arch Bridge, this town was named for the stone bridge that crosses Shickshinny Creek. It served as a logging community until the Battle of Wyoming in 1778, when most of the white settlers fled their homes, fearing Iroquois raids. Several farmers and loggers returned a few years later to rebuild, including Shadrick Austin, who bought of land and, in 1801, established the Austin Family Inn. Upon the establishment of the post office in 1850, the area was incorporated and renamed as Koonsville to honor William Koons, the town's first postmaster, who had moved to the area and occupied the Austin family inn that year. That post office\n\nTheodore is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Banana, Queensland, Australia. In the the locality of Theodore had a population of 438 people. It was established in the 1920s as part of Queensland Premier Ted Theodore's ambitious Dawson River Irrigation Scheme which failed to eventuate. It was originally known as Castle Creek, but that name is now used by another locality in the area. Geography Theodore is situated on the Dawson River just off the Leichhardt Highway north-west of the state capital, Brisbane. Castle Creek flows through the town and into the Dawson River immediately south of the town centre. History The Aboriginal inhabitants of the area were the Gangulu people. Gangalu (Gangulu, Kangulu, Kanolu, Kaangooloo, Khangulu) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Gangula country. The Gangula language region includes the towns of Clermont and Springsure extending south towards the Dawson River. The first European settler\n\nQuestion: Define Doug Buffone.", "output": "Douglas John Buffone was an American professional football player who was a linebacker for the Chicago Bears in the National Football League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bhagatrav () is a minor archaeological site belonging to the Indus valley civilization. Excavated by the Archaeological Survey of India led by Dr. S. R. Rao, Bhagatrav is located in Hansot (51 km away from Surat) taluka of Bharuch district in south Gujarat, near the coastline with the Arabian Sea, and gives access to the agate-bearing mines and forested hills of the valleys of the rivers Narmada and Tapti. Port Bhagatrav seems to have been an important port, as Lothal. However, backwaters of sea and floods from Kim river has washed out the site to a large extent and only peripheral area is left for exploration and for eight months in a year, the site is surrounded by water. The number of lead pieces, many earth samples with rich iron contents, stone beads, evidences of production of glazed ware (pottery) are found. It may have been a trading port contemporary\n\nBoyd's Cove, also known as Boyd's Harbour, is a local service district and designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador that is near Lewisporte. There is an interpretive centre dedicated to the earlier indigenous Beothuk settlement at this location. History Boyd's Cove was first settled by the Beothuks in the late 18th century. During the summer months, the people lived by the cove in wigwams built over shallow excavations in the ground. As well as more traditional activities, the group scavenged metal items left behind at French and English summer fishing camps, and refashioned these for their own use. Although these indigenous people didn't interact with European traders as much as most native peoples, some of the Beothuk were killed by encroaching settlers, and researchers have concluded that the group later died out partly because of exposure to disease and partly because of starvation, which in turn\n\nAlexander Solomon Wiener (March 16, 1907 \u2013 November 6, 1976), was an American biologist and physician, specializing in the fields of forensic medicine, serology, and immunogenetics. His pioneer work led to discovery of the Rh factor in 1937, along with Dr. Karl Landsteiner, and subsequently to the development of exchange transfusion methods that saved the lives of countless infants with hemolytic disease of the newborn. He received a Lasker Award for his achievement in 1946. Life Alexander Solomon Wiener was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of George Wiener, an attorney who had emigrated from Russia in 1903, and Mollie (Zuckerman) Wiener. He attended Brooklyn public schools, graduating from Brooklyn Boys' High School at the age of 15. He was awarded scholarships to attend Cornell University where he continued his study of mathematics and even contributed mathematical problems to the American Mathematical Monthly. He majored in biology, however, receiving\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Boyd's Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador is.", "output": "Boyd's Cove, also known as Boyd's Harbour,  is a local service district and designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador that is near Lewisporte."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Anna Viktorovna Pyatykh () (born April 4, 1981, in Moscow) is a professional Russian triple jumper. She has won the SPAR European Cup four consecutive times, won bronze medals at the 2005 World Championships in Helsinki and 2009 World Championships in Berlin. She has also competed at the 2004 Athens Olympics. In 2006, she finished second at the 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships behind countrywoman Tatyana Lebedeva. She received a retrospective ban for doping after retest of her samples, resulting in the disqualification of her results at the IAAF World Championships in Osaka, Japan on 31 August 2007, and from 6 July 2013 to 15 December 2016. International competitions See also List of doping cases in athletics List of World Athletics Championships medalists (women) List of European Athletics Championships medalists (women) List of IAAF World Indoor Championships medalists (women) Doping in Russia Doping at the World Athletics Championships Doping at\n\nShamshabad is a city in the Indian state of Telangana. It is located in Shamshabad mandal of Rajendranagar revenue division. Sri Vendikonda Siddalingeshwara Devastanam temple is situated in Siddulagutta Road in Shamshabad mandal. The international airport of Hyderabad is located here. History In former times the area was known as Sedanti village, which was later renamed Shamsabad in reference to Shams-ul-Umra, the title bestowed upon \"Abul Fateh Khan\", Tegh Jung, Shams-ud-Daula, Shams-ul-Mulk and Shams-ul-Umrah (\"The Sun among the Nobles\"), who founded the Paigah nobility during the reign of Nizam II, Mir Nizam Ali Khan (1762-1803). There was a time when the whole of the Shamsabad area were under the direct control of Paigah, including where the new airport has been built, the entire Shamsabad village was granted to Nawab Shams-ul-Umara Bahadur as a reward. Nawab Moin-Ud-Dowlah Bahadur Asman Jah, a leading Paigah noble, built a country home on a hillock\n\n\u0130zb\u0131rak (; ) is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Midyat, Mardin Province in southeastern Turkey. It is located in the historical region of Tur Abdin. In the village, there are churches of Mor Dimet and Mort Shmuni. There is also the ruins of the church of Mor Gabriel. The village is populated by Assyrians and by Kurds of the El\u00eekan tribe had a population of 32 in 2021. History Zaz is identified as the settlement of Zazabukha, where the Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II made camp whilst on campaign against Nairi and received tribute from Khabkhi in 879 BC. Arches on the north side of the church of Mor Dimet suggest pre-Christian buildings originally stood on the site. The church of Mor Dimet was constructed by 932, from which year a funerary inscription survives. A copy of the Syriac diptychs (, \"Book of Life\") written in the village\n\nQuestion: What's \u0130zb\u0131rak, Midyat?", "output": "\u0130zb\u0131rak is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Midyat, Mardin Province in southeastern Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "DJ-Kicks: Rockers Hi-Fi (also known as DJ-Kicks: The Black Album) is a DJ mix album, mixed by Rockers Hi-Fi. It was released on 19 May, 1997 on the Studio !K7 independent record label as part of the DJ-Kicks series. The album was compiled and mixed by Rockers Hi-Fi, with additional vocals by MC Farda P. Allmusic described the album as \"a smart, thrilling ride into the minds and record collection of Rockers Hi-Fi\", with an overall feel of \"cinematic dub\". M. Tye Comer, reviewing the album for CMJ New Music Monthly, described it as \"an adventurous, entertaining, and mesmerizing record\". Track listing \"Rockers Intro\" - Farda P \u2013 0:05 \"Theme From Kung Fu\" - Jeff Danna \u2013 2:15 \"He Builds The World\" - Small Fish with Spine \u2013 6:20 \"Feel\" - Kid Loops \u2013 5:07 \"Candles & Versions\" - Wraparound Sounds \u2013 4:04 \"Up Through The Down Pipe\" - DJ\n\nThe Lindsay Muskies are a Junior \"A\" ice hockey team from Lindsay, Ontario, Canada. They are a part of the Ontario Junior Hockey League. History The Muskies started out in the Central Junior C Hockey League. In 1989, the team jumped to the Central Junior \"B\" and stayed with the league when it became the OPJHL in 1993. Season-by-season results Ownership The Muskies were formally owned and operated by a group headed by Roger Neilson, former NHL Coach, and his estate. In 2005, they were purchased by a group led by former NHL defenseman Jeff Beukeboom and Uxbridge, Ontario businessman Dave Knapp. Clarence Schmalz Cup appearances 1964: Hespeler Shamrocks defeated Lindsay Muskies 4-games-to-1 1965: Simcoe Blades defeated Lindsay Muskies 4-games-to-1 1973: Caledonia Corvairs defeated Lindsay Muskies 4-games-to-1 1975: Essex 73's defeated Lindsay Muskies 4-games-to-3 1983: Dunnville Terriers defeated Lindsay Muskies 4-games-to-2 Notable alumni Jason Arnott Jeff Beukeboom Kory Nagy (NHL\n\nBruno Gordano Grollo (born 1942, Melbourne, Victoria) is an Australian businessman, property developer, former Director of Grocon and is noted for his controversy surrounding the Swanston Street Wall incident on 29 March 2013. Bruno is the son of Luigi Grollo, who founded Grocon, one of Australia\u2019s largest construction companies, in 1948 after immigrating to Australia from Italy. Bruno\u2019s role in his company remains despite handing the title of chief executive and chairman to his son, Daniel Grollo in 1999. Following public disputes with Infrastructure New South Wales in 2020, Grocon announced that it and 86 of its subsidiaries have entered Voluntary Administration. Early life Bruno Grollo was born in Melbourne in 1942 and is the son of accountant Emma Girardi (1913-1986) and builder Luigi Arturo Grollo (1909-1994). His grandfather, Giovanni Grollo, was a farmer. Luigi Grollo emigrated to Australia at 18 years old, due to his adolescent life being rife\n\nQuestion: Who is Bruno Grollo", "output": "Bruno Gordano Grollo is an Australian businessman, property developer, former Director of Grocon and is noted for his controversy surrounding the Swanston Street Wall incident on 29 March 2013."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ed Zaunbrecher (born March 1, 1950) is an American football college football coach. He served as the head football coach at Northeast Louisiana University\u2014now known as the University of Louisiana at Monroe,\u2014from 1994 to 1998, compiling a record of 20\u201336. He is currently the head instructor for the Ed Zaunbrecher Coaching School. Coaching career During his tenure as head coach at the Northeast Louisiana, Zaunbrecher transitioned the football program from NCAA Division I-AA to NCAA Division I-A. He held that position for five seasons, from 1994 until 1998. His coaching record at the Northeast Louisiana was 20\u201336. The highlights of his stint at Northeast Louisiana included victories over Southeastern Conference teams Mississippi State and Kentucky, and giving numerous other teams scares including a 1996 near victory over a ranked Auburn team. Head coaching record References External links Ed Zaunbrecher Coaching School 1950 births Living people Arizona Wildcats football coaches Florida\n\nThe Arcata Community Forest is part of the parks and recreation system of the City of Arcata, California, United States. It was originally created in 1955 from six forest tracts: Gannon Tract, Burns Tract, Preston Tract I, Preston Tract II, Reclamation Water Co. Tract, and Brizard Tract. The main forest area covers . The park was the culmination of efforts to combine tracts of forest land located east of the city together in one continuous section of city-owned second-growth coast redwood forest. Over a 50-year period, were obtained in several purchases. In November 2006, the Sunny Brae Forest was added to the Community Forest. The city also owns and manages the Jacoby Creek Forest. The City owns a total of of forest.\" Until 1964, this land was used as the municipal water source, obtaining its supply from Gannon Creek, Preston Creek (Jolly Giant), and Janes Creek. Historically, steelhead and salmon\n\nXERCN (1470 AM, RCN) is a Spanish talk radio station in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. It is owned and operated by Uniradio, an operator of primarily Mexican radio stations with offices in San Diego. History XEAU-AM 1470 received its first concession in 1943. It soon after affiliated to the Radio Cadena Nacional network, based at 1110 AM in Mexico City, which then bore the XERCN callsign. Radio Cadena Nacional was owned by Rafael Cutberto Navarro (who also created the Kaliman radio drama), and thus the callsign both represented the network and his own name. When Broadcasting Baja California bought the station sometime in the 1950s or early 1960s, the station became XEBBC-AM and then, after the Mexico City station was sold and its callsign changed, XERCN-AM. Before it became operated by Uniradio, XERCN broadcast a wide variety of programming, from children's programming (La isla infantil de Beto Grillo) to public\n\nQuestion: Define Arcata Community Forest.", "output": "The Arcata Community Forest is part of the parks and recreation system of the City of Arcata, California, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra (also known in English as the SWR Baden-Baden Freiburg Symphony Orchestra and in German as the Sinfonieorchester des S\u00fcdwestrundfunks) was a German radio orchestra located in the German cities of Baden-Baden and Freiburg. History The first incarnation of the orchestra occurred in 1946, initially with members of the discontinued spa orchestra of the city as the core of players. The revival of the spa orchestra two years later forced the reorganization of the radio orchestra. Subsequently, Hans Rosbaud was hired as the orchestra's first chief conductor. Rosbaud was already well known as a champion of modern music, and Heinrich Strobel, the music director in charge of the orchestra, shared this sympathy with contemporary music. Thus the orchestra had as its focus performances of modern music. The orchestra was first sponsored by S\u00fcdwestfunk (SWF), a public broadcasting corporation headquartered in Baden-Baden. In 1998 SWF merged\n\nShane Tronc (born 19 January 1982) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played for the Brisbane Broncos and the North Queensland Cowboys in the National Rugby League, and the Wakefield Trinity Wildcats in the Super League. He previously played for the Redcliffe Dolphins, winning the club's Player of the Year award in 2003 before joining the Cowboys. A relative of Queensland state of Origin forward Scott Tronc, his father James Tronc played for the Redcliffe Dolphins and the Souths Magpies in the BRL Premiership. Background Tronc was born in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Playing career While attending Wavell State High School in 1999, Tronc was selected to play for the Australian Schoolboys team. Tronc played at prop forward in the 2005 NRL Grand Final, the Cowboys' first, which they lost to the Wests Tigers. During a game against the Brisbane Broncos in Round 18 of the NRL competition\n\nJean-S\u00e9bastien Fecteau (born May 7, 1975) is a Canadian former pair skater. He is a two-time World Junior silver medallist with Caroline Haddad, the 2001 Nebelhorn Trophy silver medallist with Valerie Saurette, and the 2006 Four Continents silver medallist with Utako Wakamatsu. Career From 1990 to 1994, Fecteau competed internationally with Caroline Haddad. They won silver medals at the 1992 and 1994 World Junior Championships. In 1995, Fecteau began competing with Valerie Saurette. They competed on the Grand Prix series for three seasons, twice at the Four Continents (best result was fourth), and once at the World Championships, placing 13th. They won the silver medal at the 2001 Nebelhorn Trophy and three bronze medals at the Canadian Championships. Their partnership ended in early 2002. In April 2002, Fecteau teamed up with Japanese skater Utako Wakamatsu to compete for Canada. In 2003, they won gold medals at the Finlandia Trophy and\n\nQuestion: What is Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra", "output": "The Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra was a German radio orchestra located in the German cities of Baden-Baden and Freiburg."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its more than 3.85 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constituent states, Berlin is surrounded by the State of Brandenburg and contiguous with Potsdam, Brandenburg's capital. Berlin's urban area, which has a population of around 4.5 million, is the most populous urban area in Germany. The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has around 6.2 million inhabitants and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr region. Berlin straddles the banks of the Spree, which flows into the Havel (a tributary of the Elbe) in the western borough of Spandau. Among the city's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree, Havel and Dahme, the largest of which is Lake M\u00fcggelsee. About one-third\n\nHugo Pesce Pescetto (17 June 1900 \u2013 26 July 1969) was a Peruvian physician and left-wing activist, intellectual and philosopher. Medical work Pesce was born in Tarma, and studied medicine at the University of Genoa in Italy. He first practiced in rural parts of the Peruvian Andes, where he was radicalised by his experiences of the debilitating effects of poverty. He later specialised in treatment of leprosy. He and other Latin Americans disagreed with the recommendations of the 1938 World Leprosy Congress in Cairo, and agreed a different process in Tr\u00eas Cora\u00e7\u00f5es, which Pesce implemented successfully at Andahuaylas in 1938 and the Apur\u00edmac Region in 1940. The 1948 World Leprosy Congress in Havana endorsed the Latin-American strategy; Pesce was later a member of the World Health Organization's expert committee on the disease. In 1945 he joined the faculty of the National University of San Marcos, where he was professor of\n\nMillwood Lake is a reservoir in southwestern Arkansas, United States. It is located from Ashdown and is formed from the damming of the point where Little River and Saline River meet. Statistics Lake statistics: Drainage area above the dam: Elevation above sea level of the top of flood control pool: Elevation above sea level of the top of conservation pool: Elevation above sea level of the top of inactive pool: Surface area of lake at top of flood control pool: Surface area of lake at top of conservation pool: Shoreline length at top of conservation pool: Dam statistics: Length of dam: Maximum height of dam above streambed: Length of spillway: Length of non-overflow section: Spillway crest gates (13), size: Outlet conduits (2), size: Water supply pipe (1), diameter: Overview Lake Millwood is mainly recognized for its fishing and birding access. It is also known for housing the 1,380-pound alligator, which\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Hugo Pesce.", "output": "Hugo Pesce Pescetto was a Peruvian physician and left-wing activist, intellectual and philosopher."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tukufu Zuberi (born April 26, 1959) is an American sociologist, filmmaker, social critic, educator, and writer. Zuberi has appeared in several documentaries on Africa and the African diaspora, including Liberia: America's Stepchild (2002), and 500 Years Later (2005). He is one of the hosts of the long-running PBS program History Detectives. As founder of his own production company, he produced the film African Independence, which premiered at the San Diego Black Film Festival in January 2013. He is the Lasry Family Professor of Race Relations, professor and chair of the sociology department, and professor of Africana studies at the University of Pennsylvania. Biography Born Antonio McDaniel to Willie and Annie McDaniel, and raised in the housing projects of Oakland, California in the 1970s, he changed his name to Tukufu Zuberi, which is Swahili for \"beyond praise\" and \"strength\". Zuberi says that he \"took the name because of a desire to\n\nThe Canterbury Rams are a New Zealand basketball team based in Christchurch. The Rams compete in the National Basketball League (NBL) and play their home games at Cowles Stadium. For sponsorship reasons, they are known as The Wheeler Motor Canterbury Rams. Team history The Canterbury Rams were a foundation member of the National Basketball League (NBL) in 1982. Between 1986 and 1994, the Rams made the NBL final seven times, winning championships in 1986, 1989, 1990 and 1992. Import players Kenny Perkins, Clyde Huntley, Eddie Anderson and Angelo Hill were central to the success of the Rams, as was the outstanding New Zealand core of John \"Dutchie\" Rademakers, Gilbert Gordon, Andy Bennett, Graham Timms, John Hill, Ian Webb, Glen Denham and Ralph Lattimore. The architects of this success were coaches Garry Pettis, who led the team from 1986 to 1988, and Keith Mair, who took over in 1989. In 1999,\n\nAbiathar ( \u02beE\u1e07y\u0101\u1e6f\u0101r, \"father (of) abundance\"/\"abundant father\"), in the Hebrew Bible, is a son of Ahimelech or Ahijah, High Priest at Nob, the fourth in descent from Eli and the last of Eli's House to be a High Priest. Bible account Abiathar was the only one of the priests to escape from Saul's (reigned c. 1020\u20131000 BCE) massacre in Nob, when his father and the priests of Nob were slain on the command of Saul. He fled to David (reigned c. 1003\u2013970 BCE) at Keilah, taking with him the ephod and other priestly regalia. Rabbinical literature that linked the later extermination of the male descendants of David with the priests of Nob, also link the survival of David's descendant Joash with that of Abiathar. Abiathar joined David, who was then in the cave of Adullam. He remained with David, and became priest of the party of which he was the\n\nQuestion: Who was Tukufu Zuberi?", "output": "Tukufu Zuberi is an American sociologist, filmmaker, social critic, educator, and writer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kheti or Khety was an Ancient Egyptian name, borne by pharaohs and other nobility. The name may refer to: Pharaohs of the 9th or 10th Dynasty Meryibre Khety, a pharaoh of the First Intermediate Period Nebkaure Khety, a pharaoh of the First Intermediate Period Wahkare Khety, a pharaoh of the First Intermediate Period Khety III, purported author of the Teaching for King Merykara, a treatise on kingship Nobles Khety I (nomarch), in Asyut during the 9th or 10th Dynasty Khety II (nomarch), in Asyut during the 10th Dynasty and grandson of Khety I Khety (BH17), nomarch in Men'at Khufu during the 11th Dynasty, buried in Beni Hasan Kheti (treasurer), during the 11th Dynasty Kheti, vizier famous for his impartiality, mentioned in the Installation of the Vizier and possibly to be identified with the one below Kheti (vizier), 1800 BC, under Amenemhat III of the Twelfth Dynasty, mentioned in a papyrus\n\nThe Reformed Government of the Republic of China (; Japanese: ) was a Chinese puppet state created by Japan that existed from 1938 to 1940 during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The regime had little authority or popular support, nor did it receive international recognition even from Japan itself, lasting only two years before it was merged with the Provisional Government into the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China under Wang Jingwei. Due to the extensive powers of the Japanese advisors within the government and its own limited powers, the Reformed Government was not much more than an arm of the Japanese military administration. History After the retreat of KMT forces from Nanjing in 1938, and from their defeat in the Battle of Nanjing, the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters authorized the creation of a collaborationist regime to give the semblance of at least nominal local control over Japanese-occupied central\n\nDornava (, ) is a settlement in the Municipality of Dornava in northeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the municipality. It lies east of Ptuj, on the Pesnica River. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Drava Statistical Region. The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Dorothea and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor. It was built 1519 and rebuilt in the early 18th century. Dornava is best known for a large Baroque mansion north of the village. It was initially a castle in the 15th century, but after it was destroyed by fire in 1695 it was, it was bought by the Attems family from the Lords of Ptuj and entirely rebuilt around 1730. It is one of the best-preserved examples of a Baroque mansion in Slovenia. References External links Dornava on Geopedia\n\nQuestion: What is Reformed Government of the Republic of China?", "output": "The  Reformed Government of the Republic of China was a Chinese puppet state created by Japan that existed from 1938 to 1940 during the Second Sino-Japanese War."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Continuum mechanics is a branch of mechanics that deals with the deformation of and transmission of forces through materials modeled as a continuous medium (also called a continuum) rather than as discrete particles. The French mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy was the first to formulate such models in the 19th century. Continuum mechanics deals with deformable bodies, as opposed to rigid bodies. A continuum model assumes that the substance of the object completely fills the space it occupies. This ignores the fact that matter is made of atoms, however provides a sufficiently accurate description of matter on length scales much greater than that of inter-atomic distances. The concept of a continuous medium allows for intuitive analysis of bulk matter by using differential equations that describe the behavior of such matter according to physical laws, such as mass conservation, momentum conservation, and energy conservation. Information about the specific material is expressed in constitutive\n\nBaird's Manual of American College Fraternities was a compendium of fraternities and sororities in the United States and Canada, published between 1879 and 1991. One modern writer notes, \"Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities, was, in essence, the Bible of the Greek letter system.\" History While seeking a Greek organization as a merger partner for his small national fraternity of Alpha Sigma Chi (which later joined Beta Theta Pi) at Stevens Institute of Technology, William Raimond Baird conducted extensive research on fraternal organizations. He compiled and published his research as American College Fraternities: A Descriptive Analysis of the Society System in the Colleges of the United States, with a Detailed Account of Each Fraternity in 1879. Baird's publication coincided with a period of immense growth for fraternities in the United States. His book was in demand for libraries and fraternity chapters, the latter contacting Baird with updates to their entry.\n\nBekwai Municipal Assembly is one of the forty-three districts in Ashanti Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988 when it was known as Amansie East District, which it was created from the former Amansie District Council. Later, the western part of the district was split off by a decree of president John Agyekum Kufuor on 12 November 2003 (effectively 18 February 2004) to create Amansie Central District; thus the remaining part has retained as Amansie East District. Then the eastern part of the district was later split off to create Bosome Freho District on 29 February 2008; while the remaining part was elevated to municipal district assembly status on the same year to become and has since been renamed as Bekwai Municipal District. The municipality is located in the southern part of Ashanti Region and has Bekwai as its capital town. Footnotes before the split off\n\nQuestion: What is Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities", "output": "Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities was a compendium of fraternities and sororities in the United States and Canada, published between 1879 and 1991."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "East Mamprusi Municipal Assembly is one of the six districts in North East Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988 when it was known as East Mamprusi District, which was created from the former Mamprusi District Council, until the eastern part of the district was split off by a decree of president John Agyekum Kufuor on 19 August 2004 to create Bunkpurugu-Yunyoo District; thus the remaining part has been retained as East Mamprusi District. However on 15 March 2018, it was elevated to municipal district assembly status to become East Mamprusi Municipal District. The municipality is located in the eastern part of North East Region and has Gambaga as its capital town. Area It covers a land mass of 1,706.8 km2. Geographical Structure To the north, it shares boundaries with Talensi and Nabdam Districts, Bawku West and Garu Districts, all in the Upper East Region and\n\nJames Michael Heron (born 27 December 1942) is a Scottish singer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, best known for his work in the Incredible String Band in the 1960s and 1970s. Career Heron was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and attended the Royal High School, Edinburgh and later George Heriot's School, where his father was a teacher. He spent a year at the University of Edinburgh before leaving to start training as an accountant. He played in R&B and pop bands in Edinburgh, including the Saracens and, in late 1965, successfully auditioned to join a new trio, the Incredible String Band, with Robin Williamson and Clive Palmer. Heron has said that \"It was an exploring era in the Sixties and people were rebelling from the boring pop stuff into folk and blues and world music. You couldn't sit down and listen to Buddy Holly and pass the joint around. So we tried to\n\nEl Kantara () is a town and commune in Biskra Province, Algeria. The 1911 Baedeker travel guide described it as \"one of the most important caravan-stations in E. Algeria.\" The town is well known for the eponymous gorge nearby, described by locals as the \"Mouth of the Desert\". The area was named El Kantara by Arab conquerors. The gorge is narrow, at only wide, but the walls can be as high as . History Roman soldiers of the Third Augustan Legion dubbed the gorge Calceus Herculis (English: Hercules' Kick), in reference to the divine hero Hercules' legendary strength. They also constructed an arched bridge over the river in the bottom of the gorge, in order to allow caravans and military supplies to pass through the town with ease. In the second century A.D., the town and bridge were guarded by Syrian archers who are thought to have planted the first\n\nQuestion: Tell me what East Mamprusi Municipal Assembly is.", "output": "East Mamprusi Municipal Assembly is one of the six districts in North East Region, Ghana."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\u00c7aml\u0131hem\u015fin, formerly Vice, ( Vija or \u10d5\u10d8\u10ef\u10d4 Vije ; Vija ) is a small town in Rize Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of \u00c7aml\u0131hem\u015fin District. Its population is 1,763 (2021). With its mountains and valleys in all shades of green, \u00c7aml\u0131hem\u015fin has a reputation as one of the most attractive parts of the eastern Black Sea region, particularly with the autumn foliage. Etymology The town was originally known as Vija, Vije, or Vice with local variants Vicealt\u0131, Vicedibi, although it was officially named as Vicealt\u0131 until 1953 when its name was changed to \u00c7aml\u0131ca by Turkish authorities. Its current name, \u00c7aml\u0131hem\u015fin, was given in 1957, a combination of the terms \"\u00c7aml\u0131\", which in Turkish means \"pine-forested\" or \"piney\u201d The name Vija is the Laz word for brine, mineral (salty) water, which corresponds to the Kartvelian *we\u0292\u2081- form. Geography \u00c7aml\u0131hem\u015fin is high in the\n\nWAJM, assigned to 88.9 FM and licensed to Atlantic City, New Jersey, is a high school radio station owned by the Atlantic City Board of Education and is operated by the students of Atlantic City High School. Currently, WAJM broadcasts live Monday thru Friday from 7:00am to 3:30pm and during after hours, on weekends, holidays and when Atlantic City High School is closed due to inclement weather the station operates on an automated system where music, station IDs and PSA are shuffled and broadcast on-air. Starting at its inception WAJM had been broadcasting with a jazz radio format until 2009 when it flipped to a freeform radio format using the moniker 88.9 The Jam. The studios, offices and transmitter are located on the campus of Atlantic City High School on North Albany Avenue in Atlantic City. In 2009 WAJM began simulcasting its live and automated broadcasts via the Internet in\n\nGorgonops (from 'Gorgon' and 'eye, face', literally 'Gorgon eye' or 'Gorgon face') is an extinct genus of gorgonopsian therapsid, of which it is the type genus. Gorgonops lived during the Late Permian (Wuchiapingian), about 260\u2013254 million years ago in what is now South Africa. History of discovery The holotype of the type species, Gorgonops torvus, was one of the first therapsids discovered. It was described by Richard Owen, who also coined the name \"Dinosauria\" on the basis of the first known dinosaur fossils. G. torvus was also used as the type for the family Gorgonopsidae, which was described by Richard Lydekker in 1890. Five years later, in 1895, Harry Govier Seeley used this genus to establish the larger clade of Gorgonopsia. In later years, a large number of further species and genera were designated, though many of these were later determined to be synonyms. Gorgonops is known from the Tropidostoma\n\nQuestion: Define Gorgonops.", "output": "Gorgonops is an extinct genus of gorgonopsian therapsid, of which it is the type genus."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Banu Makhzum () was one of the wealthy clans of the Quraysh. They are regarded as being among the three most powerful and influential clans in Mecca before the advent of Islam, the other two being the Banu Hashim (the tribe of the Islamic prophet Muhammad) and the Banu Umayya. History Pre-Islamic era The Banu Makhzum were a major clan of the larger Quraysh tribal grouping which dominated Mecca. Though in Arab genealogical tradition, there are some twenty branches descended from the progenitor Umar ibn Makhzum, the line of al-Mughira ibn Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn Makhzum emerged as the principal family of the Banu Makhzum. According to the historian Martin Hinds, the \"extent of the power and influence of Makhzum in Mecca during the 6th century A.D. cannot be established with any certainty\". Based on the traditional Arabic sources, they formed part of the Ahlaf (\"allies\") faction of\n\nJerry Lee Tagge (born April 12, 1950) is a former American football player. He played college football as quarterback at the University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln, where he led the Nebraska Cornhuskers to consecutive national championships in 1970 and 1971. Tagge played professionally with the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1972 to 1974, the San Antonio Wings of the World Football League (WFL) in 1975, and the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL) from 1977 to 1979. Early life Tagge was born at Offutt Air Force Base south of Omaha, Nebraska, the third child and second son of William Robert (Billy) Tagge and Lois Jurczyk Tagge. As a teenager in the mid-1960s in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Tagge sold concessions at Lambeau Field, the home of the Green Bay Packers, then coached by Vince Lombardi. He graduated from Green Bay West High School in 1968. College\n\nThe ethics of care (alternatively care ethics or EoC) is a normative ethical theory that holds that moral action centers on interpersonal relationships and care or benevolence as a virtue. EoC is one of a cluster of normative ethical theories that were developed by some feminists and environmentalists since the 1980s. While consequentialist and deontological ethical theories emphasize generalizable standards and impartiality, ethics of care emphasize the importance of response to the individual. The distinction between the general and the individual is reflected in their different moral questions: \"what is just?\" versus \"how to respond?\" Carol Gilligan, who is considered the originator of the ethics of care, criticized the application of generalized standards as \"morally problematic, since it breeds moral blindness or indifference\". Assumptions of the framework include: persons are understood to have varying degrees of dependence and interdependence; other individuals affected by the consequences of one's choices deserve consideration\n\nQuestion: What is Ethics of care", "output": "The ethics of care is a normative ethical theory that holds that moral action centers on interpersonal relationships and care or benevolence as a virtue."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Il cucchiaio d'argento (), or The Silver Spoon in English, is a major Italian cookbook and kitchen reference work originally published in 1950 by the design and architecture magazine Domus. It contains about 2000 recipes drawn from all over Italy, and has gone through eleven editions. History It originated from a post-World War II pricing dispute between the publishers and some of the distributors of the popular Il talismano della felicit\u00e0 by Ada Boni. Editoriale Domus still publishes the book as a single volume as well as a series of single-subject books. It is now in its eleventh Italian edition. Domus also produces Il cucchiaino d'argento for children, as well as creating recipes for Phaidon's books; these include regional cookbooks (so far for Tuscany, Sicily, and Puglia) as well as seasonal and single-ingredient books on pasta and seafood. Several English versions (customized for the country of sale) were published as\n\nThe is a railway line in Japan, operated by the private railway operator Keikyu. The line connects the Tokyo wards of Minato, Shinagawa, \u014cta, and the Kanagawa municipalities of Kawasaki, Yokohama and Yokosuka. The Keikyu Main Line began as a short line in 1895. By 1905 it was extended from Shinagawa Station in Tokyo to central Yokohama, becoming a major interurban line between the two cities. Service types Keikyu operates the following different types of service, including all-stations \"Local\" trains. Abbreviations: Lo = : Stops at all stations AE = (1) between Sengakuji and Haneda Airport Terminal 1\u00b72 (mornings and evenings only) (2) between Zushi\u00b7Hayama and Haneda Airport Terminal 1\u00b72 LE = (mornings and evenings only) LE = A = MW = : A \"Home Liner\" service with an additional charge for seat reservation. Operates only on weekday mornings from Miurakaigan on the Keikyu Kurihama Line to Shinagawa and Sengakuji.\n\nRosliston is a small village and civil parish in South Derbyshire, England close to the county boundaries of Leicestershire and Staffordshire. The civil parish population at the 2011 Census was 642. Location It is within The National Forest and just outside the village is the Rosliston Forestry Centre. History The manor belonged to Earl Algar, son of Earl Leofric and Countess (Lady) Godiva. In the Domesday Book the manor was called Redlauseton after it was taken by William the Conqueror, and it included a church and a mill. During World War II a prisoner of war camp was built near to the village to hold German and Italian prisoners. After the end of the war the camp was used to accommodate Polish servicemen. Features The main features are St. Mary's Church, Rosliston Forestry Centre, The Bull's Head pub, Co-op supermarket and Beehive woodland lakes. The Forestry centre is sustainable. It\n\nQuestion: Define Rosliston.", "output": "Rosliston is a small village and civil parish in South Derbyshire, England close to the county boundaries of Leicestershire and Staffordshire."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tichosteus (meaning \"walled bone\") is a genus of herbivorous dinosaur from the Late Jurassic. It is known only from vertebrae recovered from Kimmeridgian rocks in the Morrison Formation, Colorado. History In 1877 Edward Drinker Cope named the type species Tichosteus lucasanus. The generic name is derived from Greek teichos, \"wall\", and osteon, \"bone\", referring to the fact that the vertebrae, though hollow inside, had no lateral pneumatic foramina, openings in the side wall for air sacks to invade the bone. The specific name honours superintendent of public schools Oramel W. Lucas, who collected two vertebrae for Cope, near Arkansas River. The dorsal vertebrae, together forming the holotype AMNH 5770, are about long. Cope estimated the size of the animal as that of an alligator; Charles Craig Mook later compared it to a wolf. The specimen represents a subadult individual, as can be seen from the suture between the vertebral centrum\n\nFrederick Robert Goodall (9 January 1938 \u2013 18 October 2021) was a New Zealand international cricket umpire who officiated in 24 Tests and 15 One-Day Internationals between 1965 and 1988. Goodall was the son of Fred and Betty Goodall from Greymouth. He umpired his first first-class match in December 1963, and went on to umpire 102 first-class matches before retiring in 1989. His debut as a One-Day International umpire was at Christchurch in February 1973, the first one-day international played in New Zealand. He had made his Test debut eight years earlier, also in Christchurch. During the Second Test between New Zealand and West Indies at Christchurch's Lancaster Park in February 1980, the West Indies considered his umpiring so poor that they refused to emerge from their dressing room after the tea break on the third day unless Goodall was immediately replaced. After 11 minutes, they were persuaded to resume.\n\nCollie-Preston is a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia. While the seat was known as Collie for just over a century of its existence as an electorate, the seat was known as South West Mining from 1901 to 1904, and Collie-Wellington from 2005 to 2008. It is named for the South West coal mining town of Collie. While historically a very safe seat for the Labor Party, redistributions in 1988 and 2007 due to increases in the quota for country seats which had historically been malapportioned resulted in the seat incorporating surrounding rural shires which were hostile to Labor and thereby becoming more marginal. History Collie was originally created as the seat of \"South West Mining\" in the Constitution Act Amendment Act 1899, the last redistribution of seats to require a modification of the Constitution. It was first contested at the 1901 election. The district in 1900\n\nQuestion: Who was Fred Goodall?", "output": "Frederick Robert Goodall was a New Zealand international cricket umpire who officiated in 24 Tests and 15 One-Day Internationals between 1965 and 1988."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Section Eight Productions, or just Section Eight, was an American film production company founded in 2000 by film director Steven Soderbergh and actor/director George Clooney. It produced the critical hits Far from Heaven, Insomnia, Syriana, A Scanner Darkly and Michael Clayton, as well as Clooney-directed films Confessions of a Dangerous Mind and Good Night, and Good Luck. In 2005, Syriana and Good Night, and Good Luck picked up eight Oscars nominations between them. With Soderbergh citing a desire to focus on directing, and Clooney forming production company Smokehouse Pictures with Grant Heslov, the two decided to shut down Section Eight at the end of 2006. Films Notes and references External links New York Times, January 18, 2005: Trying to Combine Art and Box Office in Hollywood \u2014 article about Section Eight, Clooney, & Soderbergh. Entertainment companies established in 2000 Mass media companies established in 2000 Mass media companies disestablished in\n\nThe Pleasure of My Company is a 2003 novel by Steve Martin, which tells the story of the life of Daniel Pecan Cambridge, an introverted young man with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The novel revolves around Daniel, his obsessions, and his interactions with the world around his home in Santa Monica, California. Characters Daniel Pecan Cambridge is the book's protagonist. Daniel has obsessive-compulsive disorder, and thus acts out compulsive behaviors such as stepping over cracks in the sidewalk. Elizabeth Warner is a real estate agent whom Daniel falls in love with from afar. Zandy is a pharmacist at the local Rite Aid whom Daniel develops a crush on before he meets her. Daniel's grandmother is a kind, wealthy woman who sends him letters and checks throughout the novel. Philipa is an intelligent and attractive actress who lives upstairs from Daniel with her boyfriend Brian and her dog Tiger. She is one of\n\nCarpathian Ruthenia was a region in the easternmost part of Czechoslovakia (Subcarpathian Ruthenia, or Transcarpathia) that became an autonomous region within that country in September 1938. It declared its independence as the \"Republic of Carpatho-Ukraine\u201d in 15 March 1939, however being occupied and annexed by Hungary the same day. Starting with October 1944, the Soviet Red Army occupied the territory and short period the territory of the region was organised as , until it was incorporated into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1946. In total between 1939 and 1944 80,000 Carpathian Ukrainians perished. Independence and subsequent annexation In November 1938, under the First Vienna Award, which resulted from the Munich Agreement, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy prevailed on the Second Czechoslovak Republic to cede the southern third of Slovakia and southern Carpathian Ruthenia to the Kingdom of Hungary. Between 14 March and 15 March 1939, the Slovak Republic declared\n\nQuestion: What is The Pleasure of My Company", "output": "The Pleasure of My Company is a 2003 novel by Steve Martin, which tells the story of the life of Daniel Pecan Cambridge, an introverted young man with obsessive-compulsive disorder."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Waratah Football Club, nicknamed, Warriors or Tahs, is a member club of the Northern Territory Football League. Club achievements History The club was formed in November 1916, and was one of the original foundation clubs. Waratah is the only Club with an involvement in every year the competition has been played in Darwin. The Waratah FC has won 15 League Premierships (including 3 consecutive Premierships from 1928/29 to 1930/31) 12 Reserves Premierships and 2 Under 18 Premierships. The League side broke a 21-year drought in the 1998/99 season to win the League Premiership and followed this up with a back-to-back Premiership in 1999/2000. The Reserve Grade won the Premiership for 3 consecutive years over this period with Premiership wins in 1997/98, 1998/99 and 1999/2000, and again last season. The prestigious AFLNT Nichols Medal has been won by 8 legends of the Club, with one of these players to have\n\nThe Lamborghini Cheetah was an off-road prototype built in 1977 by the Italian carmaker Lamborghini. History The Lamborghini Cheetah was Lamborghini's first attempt at an off-road vehicle. It was built on contract from Mobility Technology International (MTI), which in turn was contracted by the US military to design and build a new all-terrain vehicle. The basis of the design came from MTI, and was largely a copy of FMC's XR311 prototype developed for the military in 1970. This resulted in legal action from FMC against MTI and Lamborghini in 1977 when the Cheetah was presented at the Geneva Motor Show. The XR311 and Cheetah could be considered progenitors of the current Humvee. The Cheetah was built in San Jose, California. After initial construction, the prototype was sent to Sant'Agata so Lamborghini could put on the finishing touches. They decided to go with a large, waterproofed 180 bhp 5.9L Chrysler engine,\n\nMidland is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fauquier County, Virginia, United States. The population as of the 2010 census was 218. Midland is home to a post office with the local ZIP code of 22728. Midland is the closest community to the birthplace of John Marshall, the longest-serving Chief Justice in U.S. Supreme Court history. A small park honors his birthplace, with a marker placed where his home once stood. The county is also designated as part of the John Marshall Soil and Water Conservation District. Geography Midland is in southern Fauquier County along State Route 28, northeast of Bealeton and southwest of Calverton. Warrenton, the Fauquier County seat, is to the north. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which , or 0.20%, is water. The Warrenton\u2013Fauquier Airport is situated in Midland. Ross Industries is a company that has its headquarters\n\nQuestion: What's Waratah Football Club?", "output": "The Waratah Football Club, nicknamed, Warriors or Tahs, is a member club of the Northern Territory Football League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Father Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology (FCRIT) is a private engineering college affiliated to the University of Mumbai located in Vashi, Navi Mumbai. The institute offers the B.E degree courses in Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and Information Technology. Accreditation and affiliation FCRIT is a private, un-aided, minority, non-autonomous institute affiliated to the University of Mumbai. It offers a four-year baccalaureate course culminating in the B.E. degree conferred by the university. The institute has been graded \"A\" by the Directorate of Technical Education, Government of Maharashtra State. It is recognised by the AICTE and has received accreditation from the National Board of Accreditation(NBA), New Delhi. History FCRIT was established in 1994 as a part of the Agnel Technical Education Complex at Vashi, which itself was established in 1984. The institute is named after late Rev. Fr. Conceicao Rodrigues, who died in odour of sanctity. Admissions\n\nAhmed II ( A\u1e25med-i s\u0101n\u012b) (25 February 1643 or 1 August 1642 \u2013 6 February 1695) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1691 to 1695. Early life Ahmed II was born on 25 February 1643 or 1 August 1642, the son of Sultan Ibrahim and Muazzez Sultan. On 21 October 1649, Ahmed, along with his brothers Mehmed and Suleiman were circumcised. During the reigns of his older brothers, Ahmed was imprisoned in Kafes, and he stayed there almost 43 years. Reign During his reign, Ahmed II devoted most of his attention to the wars against the Habsburgs and related foreign policy, governmental and economic issues. Of these, the most important were the tax reforms and the introduction of the lifelong tax farm system (malik\u00e2ne). Following the recovery of Belgrade under his predecessor, Suleiman II, the military frontier reached a rough stalemate on the Danube, with the Habsburgs no\n\nSeventh Dream of Teenage Heaven is the debut studio album by English rock band Love and Rockets. It was released on 11 October 1985, through record label Beggars Banquet. Seventh Dream was preceded by the non-album single \"Ball of Confusion\" on 17 May 1985, and the album's first proper single \"If There's a Heaven Above\" on 13 September 1985. The album was remastered in October 1999 and reissued in the year 2000 with six bonus tracks (four B-sides and two alternate mixes) and new album cover artwork. Reception AllMusic wrote, \"Though the years have deadened its impact somewhat, there is still a visceral thrill to be drawn from replaying the first Love and Rockets album, a sense of the first step taken towards a brave new world\", calling the album \"as profound an experience as any of the lauded trips of the original psychedelic era.\" Track listing Personnel Love and\n\nQuestion: Who is Ahmed II?", "output": "Ahmed II was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1691 to 1695."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Guangdong University of Foreign Studies (GDUFS) () is a leading public university with emphasis in foreign languages and cultures, overseas economy and trade, and international strategies in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. It has been selected as one of the national 2011 Program. GDUFS is the Chinese partner institution of the United Nations University Outreach Programme for the training of high-end translators, the founding member of the Conf\u00e9rence Internationale Permanente d'Instituts Universitaires de Traducteurs et Interpr\u00e8tes (CIUTI) and the International Federation of Translators (FIT). It is also an important base for the training of international talents and the international dissemination of foreign languages and literature, global economic governance and Chinese culture. The university is ranked 151-200 in linguistics and 251-300 in English Language and Literature by QS World University Rankings. Together with Beijing Foreign Studies University and Shanghai International Studies University, it is considered one of the top 3 universities in\n\nAlbany Hill is a prominent hill along the east shore of San Francisco Bay in the city of Albany, California. Geologically, the hill is predominantly Jurassic sandstone, carried to the western edge of North America on the Pacific Plate and scraped off there in the course of subduction. Albany Hill is part of a range of hills uplifted long before today's Berkeley Hills. These hills include Fleming Point and Point Isabel (their summits dynamited away), Brooks Island, the Potrero San Pablo, and the hills across San Pablo Strait. Albany Hill's indigenous Ohlone name is unknown. The 1772 Fages expedition referred to the landmark as \"El Cerrito,\" and it was named Cerrito de San Antonio by the Lu\u00eds Mar\u00eda Peralta family after the name of their ranch, Rancho San Antonio, a Spanish land grant which encompassed much of the East Bay. The name was changed to Albany Hill shortly after the\n\nOguta Lake is a lean 'finger lake' formed by the damming of the lower Njaba River with alluvium. it is the largest natural lake in Imo State, Southeastern Nigeria; within the equatorial rainforest region of Niger Delta. Oguta Lake's catchment area comprises the drainage area of the Njaba River and a part of the River Niger floodplain in the region south of Onitsha. Location The lake is situated in Oguta about from the junction of the Ndoni and Orashi River. It is about long from east to west and wide. The lake is 5:41-5:44N, 6:41-6:50E; <50 m above sea level The stream from Njaba River is the major inflow to Oguta Lake. The other three tributaries are Awbana, Utu and Orashi. The Orashi River flows past Oguta Lake in its southwestern portion. Climate The wet season is warm while the dry season is hot, muggy, and partly cloudy in Oguta\n\nQuestion: What's Oguta Lake?", "output": "Oguta Lake is a lean 'finger lake' formed by the damming of the lower Njaba River with alluvium."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Joseph Whiteside Boyle (6 November 1867 \u2013 14 April 1923), better known as Klondike Joe Boyle, was a Canadian adventurer who became a businessman and entrepreneur in the United Kingdom. In the First World War he came to see service assisting the allied Kingdom of Romania. Family Joseph Boyle was born in Toronto, Ontario, the son of Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame racehorse trainer Charles Boyle and wife Martha Bain Boyle. His brother, David A. Boyle, would follow in their father's footsteps and become a Thoroughbred racehorse trainer. His family had immigrated from the Ulster region of Ireland (modern Northern Ireland) to Canada in 1839. The Boyle family were Protestants and Unionist in their political sympathies, but he was always proud to call himself a \"fighting Irishman\". Though he was born in Toronto, he grew up in Woodstock. Early career Boyle was early to recognize the potential of large-scale\n\nThe Clarence Schmalz Cup is the Ontario Hockey Association's Junior \"C\" ice hockey championship and championship trophy. The champions of the Provincial Junior Hockey League (PJHL) are awarded the Cup. The PJHL was formed in 2016 from the former 8 provincial leagues that previously competed in a tournament, commonly called the All-Ontario Championships, to determine the winner of the Cup. Tubby Schmalz The trophy was named in honour of Clarence \"Tubby\" Schmalz, an administrator from Walkerton, Ontario. He served as the Ontario Hockey Association president from 1969 to 1972. In 1974, the Major Junior A program began operating independently of the association as the Ontario Major Junior Hockey League; Schmalz became the league's first commissioner, a post he held until 1978. He served as vice-chairman of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association from 1979 to 1981, and as chairman in 1981. The association renamed the OHA Junior C Cup in his\n\nAndrea Alciato (8 May 149212 January 1550), commonly known as Alciati (Andreas Alciatus), was an Italian jurist and writer. He is regarded as the founder of the French school of legal humanists. Biography Alciati was born in Alzate Brianza, near Milan, and settled in France in the early 16th century. He displayed great literary skill in his exposition of the laws, and was one of the first to interpret the civil law by the history, languages and literature of antiquity, and to substitute original research for the servile interpretations of the glossators. He published many legal works, and some annotations on Tacitus and accumulated a sylloge of Roman inscriptions from Milan and its territories, as part of his preparation for his history of Milan, written in 1504\u201305. Among his several appointments, Alciati taught Law at the University of Bourges between 1529 and 1535. It was Guillaume Bud\u00e9 who encouraged the\n\nQuestion: What's Clarence Schmalz Cup?", "output": "The Clarence Schmalz Cup is the Ontario Hockey Association's Junior \"C\" ice hockey championship and championship trophy."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Thal\u00eda's Hits Remixed is a remix album by Latin pop singer Thal\u00eda released on 25 February 2003 in North America. It contains remixes of many of her hits, such as \"Amor a la Mexicana\", \"Piel Morena\", \"No Me Ense\u00f1aste\" and \"T\u00fa y Yo.\" It also contains the English version of \"Arrasando\", called \"It's My Party\" that was released only on CD single back in 2001 and the previously unreleased medley that Thal\u00eda recorded especially for her the 2001 Latin Grammy Awards performance. It was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. In the Japanese version, the remix of \"The Mexican (Dance Dance)\"' used was the \"Hex Hector-Mac Qualye Radio Remix\". Background and production Since her first studio album on the EMI label Thal\u00eda's albums were released with added remixes of some songs as bonus tracks. In 1997, after the success of the album En \u00e9xtasis EMI released an\n\nThe Egebergs \u00c6respris (\"Honorary Prize of Egeberg\") is a prize awarded to Norwegian athletes who excel in more than one sport. The prize was created by Ferdinand Julian Egeberg, and consists of a bronze statuette modelled by sculptor Magnus Vigrestad. History In 1917 a donation of was given by Cabinet Chamberlain Ferdinand Julian Egeberg to the sports association Norges Riksforbund for Idr\u00e6t. His donation was basis for the sports prize Kabinetskammerherre Egebergs \u00e6respris for alsidig idrett. The statutes for the award were agreed on 10 February 1920. The basic capital was not to be touched, while the fund's interests should be used for a prize given to a sportsperson who, during the last two years, had excelled in one sport and also showed eminent performances in another, completely different sport. The prize is a bronze statuette modelled by sculptor Magnus Vigrestad, who won the design competition. The prize was regarded\n\nGerede is a town in Bolu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is located on the highway from Istanbul to Ankara (approximately from Ankara, where the road to the Black Sea coast branches off). It is the seat of Gerede District. Its population is 23,547 (2021). Elevation is about 1,300 m. The mayor is Mustafa Allar (AKP). History In Roman times, the town was called Cratia (\u039a\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1) and was part of the Roman province of Honorias, whose capital was Claudiopolis in Honoriade. Ecclesiastical history Cratia was a metropolitan see, also called Flaviopolis or Flavianopolis. The names of some its bishops are known because of their participation in ecumenical councils: Epiphanius at the Council of Ephesus (431), Genethlius represented by the priest Eulogius at the Council of Chalcedon (451), Diogenes at the Second Council of Constantinople (553), Georgius at the Third Council of Constantinople (680\u2013681), Constantinus or Constans\n\nQuestion: Define Gerede.", "output": "Gerede is a town in Bolu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Louisville Board of Aldermen was the legislative branch of government for the City of Louisville prior to its merger with Jefferson County in 2003. It comprised twelve wards. History From its earliest days Louisville was governed by a board of trustees. In 1828, when it became Kentucky's first city, government shifted to a ten-member \"Common Council\". In 1851 the city was given a new charter, keeping the Common Council as a \"lower house\" to the Board of Aldermen, an \"upper house\" of the city's legislative power. Originally Aldermen had to live in a ward and be elected by its residents. Reforms in 1893 aimed at reducing corruption allowed citywide election of all Aldermen, who could live in any ward. In 1929 the larger but less prestigious Common Council was eliminated, leaving just the Board of Aldermen as the city's sole legislative body, in an arrangement that would become familiar\n\nMax Rooke (born Jarad Maxwell Rooke; 19 December 1981) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). A utility player, tall and weighing , Rooke's versatility allowed him to play as a forward, defender, and midfielder. Rooke made his Geelong debut in 2002 and went on to become a dual premiership player with the club, playing key roles in both the 2007 and 2009 grand final victories. AFL career Rooke was recruited from Casterton in 2001, and he made his debut in the second round of 2002. In 2003, he was awarded Geelong's most determined and dedicated player award. Rooke was a regular senior player until a shin injury forced him to miss the second half of 2004, including the finals series, but he recovered to play all but one game in 2005. His lack of pace against small\n\nThe Glynd\u0175r Award (Welsh: Gwobr Glynd\u0175r) is made for an outstanding contribution to the arts in Wales. It is given by the Machynlleth Tabernacle Trust to pre-eminent figures in music, art and literature in rotation. The award takes its name after Owain Glynd\u0175r, crowned Prince of Wales at Machynlleth in 1404. The award consists of a large medal in silver, bearing a stylised design of Cardigan Bay and the Dyfi river, with the location of Machynlleth marked by an inlaid bead of pure unmixed 18ct Welsh gold from the Gwynfynydd gold mine, near Ganllwyd, Dolgellau. The bilingual Glynd\u0175r medal was designed in 1995 by designer and goldsmith Kelvin Jenkins, whose studio is in Machynlleth, and has been handmade by him for presentation to every winner since then. Recipients The composer Ian Parrott (1994) The painter Sir Kyffin Williams (1995) The writer Jan Morris (1996) The composer Alun Hoddinott (1997) The\n\nQuestion: What is Louisville Board of Aldermen", "output": "The Louisville Board of Aldermen was the legislative branch of government for the City of Louisville prior to its merger with Jefferson County in 2003."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Burgess Shale is a fossil-bearing deposit exposed in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. It is famous for the exceptional preservation of the soft parts of its fossils. At old (middle Cambrian), it is one of the earliest fossil beds containing soft-part imprints. The rock unit is a black shale and crops out at a number of localities near the town of Field in Yoho National Park and the Kicking Horse Pass. Another outcrop is in Kootenay National Park 42 km to the south. History and significance The Burgess Shale was discovered by palaeontologist Charles Walcott on 30 August 1909, towards the end of the season's fieldwork. He returned in 1910 with his sons, daughter, and wife, establishing a quarry on the flanks of Fossil Ridge. The significance of soft-bodied preservation, and the range of organisms he recognised as new to science, led him to return to the\n\nEkachakra is a small village, located 20 km away from the town of Rampurhat in the Birbhum District of West Bengal. Within Hindu tradition, the five Pandavas from the epic, Mahabharata are described as staying in Ekachakra during their years in exile. It is also famous as the birthplace of Nityananda Rama (b 1474 CE), a principal religious figure in the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition. The village extends north and south for an area of about eight miles. Other villages, namely Viracandra-pura and Virabhadra-pura, are situated within the area of the village of Ekacakra. In honor of Virachandra Goswami (the son of Nityananda), these places are renowned as Viracandra-pura and Virabhadra-pura. Toponym The origin of the name Ekachakra is associated with the legend of the Pandavas. In the battle of Kurukshetra Krishna broke his vow of not actively participating in the war as a warrior and rushed with chariot wheel chakram\n\nA granule is a large particle or grain. It can refer to: Granule (cell biology), any of several submicroscopic structures, some with explicable origins, others noted only as cell type-specific features of unknown function Azurophilic granule, a structure characteristic of the azurophil eukaryotic cell type Chromaffin granule, a structure characteristic of the chromophil eukaryotic cell type. Astrophysics and geology: Granule (solar physics), a visible structure in the photosphere of the Sun arising from activity in the Sun's convective zone Martian spherules, spherical granules of material found on the surface of the planet Mars Granule (geology), a specified particle size of 2\u20134 millimetres (-1 to -2 on the \u03c6 scale) Granule, in pharmaceutical terms, small particles gathered into a larger, permanent aggregate in which the original particles can still be identified Granule (Oracle DBMS), a unit of contiguously allocated virtual memory Granular synthesis of sound See also Granularity, extent to which\n\nQuestion: What is Burgess Shale", "output": "The Burgess Shale is a fossil-bearing deposit exposed in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ak\u00e7akale () is a municipality and district of \u015eanl\u0131urfa Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,038 km2, and its population is 123,721 (2022). Ak\u00e7akale forms a divided city with Tell Abyad in Syria, maintaining a border crossing. The Mayor is Mehmet Yal\u00e7\u0131nkaya (AKP). The current District Governor is Onur \u015ean. Syrian Civil War On October 3, 2012, Ak\u00e7akale was hit by shells from across the Syrian border in Tell Abyad, killing five civilians. In October 2014, there was an Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant presence in the town, due to the porous nature of the border at that time between Ak\u00e7akale and Tell Abyad, which was then part of the Islamic State. Geography There are 120 neighbourhoods in Ak\u00e7akale District: Ac\u0131kuyu Adnan Menderes Akbilek Ak\u00e7ak\u00f6y Ak\u00e7al\u0131 Akdiken Akke\u00e7i Aksahr\u0131n\u00e7 Alatlar Al\u0131ncak Ar\u0131can A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Be\u011fde\u015f A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00c7inpolat A\u015fa\u011f\u0131deren Aslanl\u0131 Atat\u00fcrk Ayd\u0131nl\u0131 Ayranl\u0131 Ayy\u0131ld\u0131z Bayku\u015f Bilece Bolatlar Boybeyi Buket Bulutlu B\u00fcy\u00fccek\n\nThe Lake Placid Stakes is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old fillies over a distance of one and one-sixteenths miles on the turf course scheduled annually in late July or early August at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York. The event currently carries a purse of $200,000. History The event was inaugurated on 20 August 1984 as the Nijana Stakes and was won by the Edward P. Evans owned Possible Mate as part of an entry with Miss Audimar leading throughout the race to win by 2 lengths in a time of 1:50 flat. The event was named after the broodmare Nijana, who as a two-year-old won the Grade III Schuylerville Stakes in 1975 at Saratoga. In 1986 the event was upgraded to the Grade III and in 1999 to Grade II. In 1998 the event was renamed the Lake Placid Stakes after the village\n\nThe Pacific Science Association (PSA) is a regional, non-governmental, scholarly organization that seeks to advance science and technology in support of sustainable development in the Pacific Rim. It was founded in 1920 and its secretariat is based at the Bishop Museum in Honolulu, United States. Activities Through Congress and Inter-Congress meetings, and ongoing scientific Working Groups, PSA provides an interdisciplinary platform for scientists to discuss and review common concerns and priorities in the region. Through our scientific network, PSA links scientists from developed countries with those from developing countries, including the archipelagic and more remote states of the Pacific. PSA facilitates research initiatives on critical emerging issues for the region, such as biodiversity loss, climate change, infectious diseases, and the social implications of globalization, in which science can provide crucial information in a way that is required by both society and policymakers to make sound and informed decisions. PSA is\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Ak\u00e7akale is.", "output": "Ak\u00e7akale is a municipality and district of \u015eanl\u0131urfa Province, Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Oriental studies is the academic field that studies Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, peoples, history and archaeology. In recent years, the subject has often been turned into the newer terms of Middle Eastern studies and Asian studies. Traditional Oriental studies in Europe is today generally focused on the discipline of Islamic studies, and the study of China, especially traditional China, is often called Sinology. The study of East Asia in general, especially in the United States, is often called East Asian studies. The European study of the region formerly known as \"the Orient\" had primarily religious origins, which have remained an important motivation until recent times. That is partly since the Abrahamic religions in Europe (Christianity, Judaism, and Islam) originated in the Middle East and because of the rise of Islam in the 7th century. Consequently, there was much interest in the origin of those faiths\n\nAndrey Ivanovich Denisov (; born October 3, 1952) is a Russian diplomat, who served as the Russian Ambassador to China from to . He is fluent in Chinese, as well as English, apart from his native language. Career Timeline From 1973 to 1981, he was translator, as well as an economic and trade representative of the Soviet Union in China. From 1981 to 1991, Expert of the International Department of the Central Committee of the CPSU in the People's Republic of China. From 1992 to 1997, he served as a senior counselor at the Russian Embassy in China. During the period of 1997 to 2000, he was the Director of the Economic Cooperation Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. During that time, he concurrently served as a member of the administrative board of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. From May 2000 to December 2001, he\n\nMark Garry Alvey (born 10 June 1980) is a former Australian rules football player who was drafted by the Western Bulldogs in the 1997 draft from the Bendigo U18s. He is originally from Curlwaa in Southern New South Wales and earned a football scholarship to move to Bendigo at the age of 16. A small player (height 176 cm), he was used mostly as a midfielder, rotating through the forward pocket. He never managed to make it into the Western Bulldogs\u2019 best 18 on a consistent basis, which is not surprising considering that his rivals for positions in that part of the ground during this period included Tony Liberatore, Scott West and Jose Romero. He played 45 games in 6 seasons. In 2004 he was picked up by Essendon Bombers in the draft where he managed 14 games in two seasons as a forward. References Holmesby, Russell & Main, Jim\n\nQuestion: Who was Mark Alvey?", "output": "Mark Garry Alvey is a former Australian rules football player who was drafted by the Western Bulldogs in the 1997 draft from the Bendigo U18s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The New England Primer was the first reading primer designed for the American colonies. It became the most successful educational textbook published in 17th-century colonial United States and it became the foundation of most schooling before the 1790s. In the 17th century, the schoolbooks in use had been Bibles brought over from England. By 1690, Boston publishers were reprinting the English Protestant Tutor under the title of The New England Primer. The Primer included additional material that made it widely popular with colonial schools until it was supplanted by Noah Webster's Blue Back Speller after 1790. History The New England Primer was first published between 1687 and 1690 by printer Benjamin Harris, who had come to Boston in 1686 to escape the brief Catholic ascendancy under James II. It was based largely upon The Protestant Tutor, which he had published in England, and was the first reading primer designed for\n\nThe kingdom of Tushara, according to ancient Indian literature, such as the epic Mahabharata, was a land located beyond north-west India. In the Mahabharata, its inhabitants, known as the Tusharas, are depicted as mlechchas (\"barbarians\") and fierce warriors. Modern scholars generally see Tushara as synonymous with the historical \"Tukhara\", also known as Tokhara or Tokharistan \u2013 another name for Bactria. This area was the stronghold of the Kushan Empire, which dominated India between the 1st and 3rd centuries CE. Tukhara The historical Tukhara appears to be synonymous with the land known by Ancient Chinese scholars as Daxia, from the 3rd century BCE onwards. Its inhabitants were known later to Ancient Greek scholars as the Tokharoi and to the Ancient Romans as Tochari. Modern scholars appear to have conflated the Tukhara with the so-called Tocharians \u2013 an Indo-European people who lived in the Tarim Basin, in present-day Xinjiang, China, until the\n\nBey\u015fehir () is a municipality and district of Konya Province, Turkey. Its area is 2,054 km2, and its population is 77,690 (2022). The town is located on the southeastern shore of Lake Bey\u015fehir and is marked to the west and the southwest by the steep lines and forests of the Taurus Mountains, while a fertile plain, an extension of the lake area, extends in the southeastern direction. History The Hittite monument situated in Bey\u015fehir's depending locality of Eflatunp\u0131nar, at a short distance to the northeast from the town, proves that the Hittite Empire had reached as far as the region, marking in fact, in the light of present knowledge, the limits of their extension to the southwest. Evidence points out that an earlier settlement, perhaps dating back to the Neolithic Age, was also located in Eflatunp\u0131nar. Another important early settlement was located in Erbaba H\u00f6y\u00fck, situated to the southwest of\n\nQuestion: What is Tushara", "output": "The kingdom of Tushara, according to ancient Indian literature, such as the epic Mahabharata, was a land located beyond north-west India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Century II Performing Arts & Convention Center is a performing arts and convention center in Wichita, Kansas, United States. It is located between Douglas Street and Waterman Street near the east bank of the Arkansas River in downtown Wichita. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2020. The convention center is operated by Kansas native Phillip Anschutz's ASM Global. Century II is the largest center for entertainment, consumer shows and meetings in Wichita and is home to four arts organizations - Wichita Symphony Orchestra, Wichita Grand Opera, Music Theatre Wichita, and Music Theatre for Young People. The facility has almost of contiguous exhibit space, 20 meeting rooms, a Concert Hall that seats 2,197 people in continental seating, the Mary Jane Teall Theatre that seats 650 people in continental seating, and Convention Hall that seats 4,700 people. The Performing Arts and Convention Center hosted Miss USA pageants\n\nAntonio Alatorre Vergara (July 25, 1922 \u2013 October 21, 2010) was a Mexican writer, philologist and translator, famous due to his influential academic essays about Spanish literature, and because of his book Los 1001 a\u00f1os de la lengua espa\u00f1ola (The 1001 Years of the Spanish Language). Early years Antonio Alatorre was born in Autl\u00e1n de la Grana, Jalisco. He studied Latin, Greek, French and English during his youth. He studied law at first, but switched to studying literature at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and philology at El Colegio de M\u00e9xico (Colmex). He studied in France and Spain with professors such as Raymond Lebergue and Marcel Bataillon. Works He was the director of El Colegio de M\u00e9xico from 1953 to 1972, when he edited and directed the Nueva Revista de Filolog\u00eda Hisp\u00e1nica. He taught since 1943 and participated in conferences and courses in several countries. He won Mexico's\n\nThe Hemavati is a river in southern India near Karnataka and an important tributary of the Kaveri. Origin and course The source of the Hemavati River lies in the Western Ghats (Javali village) at an elevation of about . Located in Mudigere taluk of Chikmagalur District in the state of Karnataka, it flows through Hassan District where it is joined by its chief tributary the Yagachi River and then into Mandya district before joining the Kaveri near Krishnarajasagara. It is approximately 245 km long and has a drainage area of about 5,410 km\u00b2. Hemavati Dam and Reservoir Gorur dam across the Hemavati was completed in 1979 above Gorur in Hassan district and downstream from the Yagachi confluence. The dam is a masonry dam with a central spillway through 6 radial gates. It is 44.5 meters in height and 4692 meters long with an area of 9162 hectares. The reservoir has\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Hemavati River is.", "output": "The  Hemavati is a river in southern India near Karnataka and an important tributary of the Kaveri."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Grapette is a grape-flavored soft drink that was first produced and marketed in 1939 by Benjamin \"Tyndle\" Fooks. Grapette is now produced by Grapette International, and is marketed in the United States by Walmart as part of its Sam's Choice line of soft drinks. Development Grapette was developed by Benjamin \"Tyndle\" Fooks (1901-1981) when, while working as a traveling salesman selling a product known as \"Fooks Flavors\", he noticed the popularity of his grape flavor. From this, Fooks, dissatisfied with existing grape sodas on the market, sought to develop a grape soda that tasted the way he believed that a grape soda should taste. Over the course of two years and tens of thousands of taste tests, by 1939, he had developed a flavor that he believed was superior to all other grape sodas available at the time. To name the drink, Fooks turned to Hubert Owen. Owen and an\n\nIn Greek mythology, Broteas (Ancient Greek: \u0392\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2), a hunter, was the son of Tantalus (by Dione, Euryanassa or Eurythemista), whose other offspring were Niobe and Pelops. Broteas was also one of the Lapiths, killed at the battle of the Lapiths and the centaurs. Historical accounts Broteas was consumed on a pyre as a propitiating sacrifice. The mythic rationale, that he was a famous hunter who refused to honour Artemis. Artemis then drove him mad, causing him to immolate himself. He can be compared to the hunter Actaeon, whose sacrifice is also justified as retribution. Broteas had a son Tantalus, like his grandfather. A Hesiodic papyrus fragment from Oxyrhyncus connects Dardanus, Broteas and Pandion, in a tradition of which there is no further evidence. Manisa relief This ancient rock carving was famous in antiquity. It's located near the town of Magnesia ad Sipylum, and it was believed to have been carved\n\nThe Picts and the Martyrs is the eleventh book in Arthur Ransome's Swallows and Amazons series of children's books. It was published in 1943. This is the last completed book set in the Lake District and features the Blackett sisters, the Amazons and the Callum siblings, Dick and Dorothea, known as the Ds. Ransome's most native character, the Great Aunt also features prominently as do many aspects of Lakeland life. The Dog's Home is based on a small stone hut built in the woods above Coniston Water close to Ransome's then residence. Characters The D's - Dick and Dorothea Callum The Amazons - Peggy and Nancy Blackett The Great Aunt (Maria Turner) Jacky Warriner Sammy Lewthwaite the policeman Billy Lewthwaite the gardener (Sammy's brother) Cook - cook in the Blackett household Timothy Stedding - known as \"Squashy Hat\" in Pigeon Post Plot summary The Ds have been invited to stay\n\nQuestion: What's Grapette?", "output": "Grapette is a grape-flavored soft drink that was first produced and marketed in 1939 by Benjamin \"Tyndle\" Fooks."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Multimedia Internet KEYing (MIKEY) is a key management protocol that is intended for use with real-time applications. It can specifically be used to set up encryption keys for multimedia sessions that are secured using SRTP, the security protocol commonly used for securing real-time communications such as VoIP. MIKEY was first defined in . Additional MIKEY modes have been defined in , , , and . Purpose of MIKEY As described in RFC 3830, the MIKEY protocol is intended to provide end-to-end security between users to support a communication. To do this, it shares a session key, known as the Traffic Encryption Key (TEK), between the participants of a communication session. The MIKEY protocol may also authenticate the participants of the communication. MIKEY provides many methods to share the session key and authenticate participants. Using MIKEY in practice MIKEY is used to perform key management for securing a multimedia communication protocol.\n\nStuart Kirk Inman (August 2, 1926 \u2013 January 30, 2007) was an American basketball player, coach and executive. He was selected in the sixth round of the 1950 NBA draft from San Jose State University by the Chicago Stags; however, he did not play in the NBA. Early life and education Inman played college basketball at San Jose State from 1947 to 1950. As a senior, he averaged 14.9 points. Coaching career After graduating from San Jose State, Inman became head coach at Madera High School in Madera, California for a season, then was head coach at Theodore Roosevelt High School in Fresno from 1951 to 1953. He then moved up to the junior college level as head coach at Santa Ana City College from 1953 to 1955, then at Orange Coast Junior College from 1955 to 1957. From 1957 to 1960, Inman was an assistant coach at San Jose\n\nC\u00e9gep Limoilou is a French-language CEGEP in the province of Quebec, situated in La Cit\u00e9-Limoilou, a borough of Quebec City. C\u00e9gep Limoilou offers pre-university and technical programs, continuing education and corporate services. It has 6 faculties and 43 programs leading to a Diploma of College Studies (DEC) and 20 programs lead to an Attestation of College Studies (AEC). Programs Pre-university programs (DEC), which take two years to complete, cover the subject matter which roughly corresponds to the additional year of high school given elsewhere in Canada in preparation for a chosen field in university. Visual Arts Creative Arts Communication, cinema and creativity Languages Theatre International Stakes and Languages (Double DEC) Natural Sciences Health Sciences Pure and Applied Sciences Computer Sciences and Mathematics Social Sciences Administration and Economic Environment International Stakes Human Development and Society Education International Stakes and Languages (Double DEC) Technical programs (DEC): Technical programs, which take three-years to\n\nQuestion: What is MIKEY?", "output": "Multimedia Internet KEYing is a key management protocol that is intended for use with real-time applications."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Chibuzor \"Chib\" Chilaka (born 21 October 1986) is a Nigerian footballer who plays as a forward for Matlock Town in the Northern Premier League. Career Chilaka began his football career at Rushden & Diamonds in 2002, spending two years at the club's academy. In 2004, Chilaka joined Notts County after Notts County youth team coach Neville Hamilton had previously worked with the player at Rushden. He impressed during his year in the club's youth system, and subsequently signed a one-year professional contract on 4 July 2005. He made one first-team appearance for the club in the Football League Trophy 5\u20132 defeat at Northampton Town in October 2005. In December 2005, Chilaka joined Hinckley United on a three-month loan spell, playing two games for the club before Notts County recalled him on 10 January 2006. Chilaka was released by Notts County in May 2006. He studied at the University of Hull,\n\nKalamalka Lake Provincial Park and Protected Area is a provincial park in Coldstream, British Columbia, Canada. Located within the Okanagan region, the park encompasses a land area of about of pristine natural areas in the North Okanagan Regional District. Kalamalka Lake Provincial Park and Protected Area adopted its current name from Kalamalka Lake, for which it is located on its shore. During the process of entering summer, calcium carbonate forms crystals that reflect sunlight and create the vivid blue and green colours. Temperature changes in the fall and the spring sometimes create ribbons of deep blue colour in the lake, seen from the park. The park is a preserved remnant of the natural grasslands that once stretched from Vernon to Osoyoos. There are several forests and cross-country ski trails available throughout the year, along with two archaeological sites. Mammals include coyote, deer, black bear, Columbian ground squirrel, marmot, mink, bobcat\n\nChristin Elizabeth Cooper (born October 10, 1959) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer and Olympic medalist from the United States. Early years Born in Los Angeles, California, she was raised in Ketchum, Idaho, and learned to ski and race at neighboring Sun Valley. Cooper's stepfather was William C. \"Bill\" Janss (1918\u201396), owner of the Sun Valley Resort until 1977. After her father William died of cancer in Los Angeles, her mother Glenn moved the family of five children to Ketchum in the late 1960s. At the request of longtime friends Bill and Anne Janss, owners of Sun Valley, Mrs. Cooper founded the arts center for the resort in 1969. Anne Janss died in an avalanche accident near the resort in early 1973; later that year Glenn Cooper and Bill Janss were married, with a combined family of eight children. Racing career As a member of the U.S. Ski\n\nQuestion: Who is Christin Cooper", "output": "Christin Elizabeth Cooper is a former World Cup alpine ski racer and Olympic medalist from the United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Richard Leigh Cruess, (born December 17, 1929) is a Canadian orthopaedic surgeon and academic. Born in London, Ontario, he received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Princeton University in 1951 and his Doctor of Medicine degree from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1955. From 1955 to 1962, he did his internship and residency at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal and at the New York Orthopaedic Hospital of Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. From 1957 to 1959, he served with the Navy Medical Corps of U.S. Naval Reserve with a rank of Lieutenant. From 1963 to 1968, he was the attending Orthopaedic Surgeon at the Royal Victoria Hospital and from 1968 to 1981 was the Orthopaedic Surgeon-in-Charge. From 1979 to 1981, he was the Assistant Surgeon-in-Chief. From 1970 to 1982, he was also the Surgeon-in-Chief at the Shriners Hospital for Children \u2013 Canada in Montreal. From 1981 to\n\nPenn State Schuylkill is a Commonwealth Campus of the Pennsylvania State University in Schuylkill Haven, Pennsylvania. History The Schuylkill campus was originally chartered in 1934 and was located in Pottsville, approximately six miles (10 km) north of the current campus. Classes were originally held in rented space, and laboratory facilities for science students were shared with an area high school. After World War II, the college began to grow, and in 1953, they began offering their first full associate degree programs. In the 1960s, the nearly 500 student body was outgrowing its Pottsville facilities, and the college looked to relocate. In 1967, the campus was relocated to a 39-acre tract of land just outside of Schuylkill Haven, former site of the county almshouse. The campus saw continued growth during the 1970s, including expanding infrastructure and the addition of new academic programs and activities. In the fall of 1970 a new\n\nTroy Southgate (born 22 July 1965) is a British far-right political activist and a self-described national-anarchist. He has been affiliated with far-right and fascist groups, such as National Front and International Third Position. He co-created the think tank New Right alongside Jonathan Bowden and is the founder and editor-in-chief of Black Front Press. Southgate's movement has been described as working to \"exploit a burgeoning counter culture of industrial heavy metal music, paganism, esotericism, occultism and Satanism that, it believes, holds the key to the spiritual reinvigoration of western society ready for an essentially Evolian revolt against the culturally and racially enervating forces of American global capitalism.\" Far-right activism Southgate joined the National Front in 1984 and began writing for publications such as National Front News and Nationalism Today. According to Searchlight magazine, in 1987 he joined the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX). In 1998, he and other ENM members\n\nQuestion: Who was Richard Cruess?", "output": "Richard Leigh Cruess, is a Canadian orthopaedic surgeon and academic."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Royal Swedish Ballet is one of the oldest ballet companies in Europe. Based in Stockholm, Sweden, King Gustav III founded the ballet in 1773 as a part of his national cultural project in response to the French and Italian dominance in this field; he also founded the Royal Swedish Opera and the Royal Dramatic Theatre. All of these were initially located in the old theatre of Bollhuset. The troupe was founded with the opening of the Royal Swedish Opera, which has served as its home since that time. History In 1773, the cultural professions of acting, opera-singing and ballet-dancing in Sweden were all performed by foreign troupes. The first ballet performance was performed at the Swedish court when the French ballet troupe of Antoine de Beaulieu was hired at the court of Queen Christina in 1638, and the first Public ballet performance were performed by the foreign theatre troupes\n\nEducation in West Bengal is provided by both the public sector as well as the private sector. The modern education system was developed by the British missionaries and the Indian social reformists. West Bengal has many institutes of higher education like \u2013Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Marine Engineering and Research Institute, Jadavpur University, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Kalyani, Indian Statistical Institute, West Bengal University of Health Sciences, University of North Bengal and University of Calcutta. History Kolkata has played a pioneering role in the development of the modern education system in India. Western models of education came to India through Kolkata. Many of the first schools and colleges were established by the missionaries and reformists. Sir William Jones (philologist) established the Asiatic Society\n\nThe supratrochlear nerve is a branch of the frontal nerve, itself a branch of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) from the trigeminal nerve (CN V). It provides sensory innervation to the skin of the forehead and the upper eyelid. Structure Origin The supratrochlear nerve is the smaller of the two terminal branches of the frontal nerve (the other being the supraorbital nerve). It arises midway between the base and apex of the orbit where the frontal nerve splits into said terminal branches. Course The supratrochlear nerve passes medially above the trochlea of the superior oblique muscle. It then travels anteriorly above the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. It exits the orbit through the supraorbital notch or foramen. It then ascends onto the forehead beneath the corrugator supercilii muscle and frontalis muscle. It finally divides into sensory branches. The supratrochlear nerve travels with the supratrochlear artery, a branch of the ophthalmic artery.\n\nQuestion: What is Supratrochlear nerve?", "output": "The supratrochlear nerve is a branch of the frontal nerve, itself a branch of the ophthalmic nerve from the trigeminal nerve."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Reasoning based on relations of proportionality is one form of what in Piaget's theory of cognitive development is called \"formal operational reasoning\", which is acquired in the later stages of intellectual development. There are methods by which teachers can guide students in the correct application of proportional reasoning. In mathematics and physics In mathematics and in physics, proportionality is a mathematical relation between two quantities; it can be expressed as an equality of two ratios: Functionally, proportionality can be a relationship between variables in a mathematical equation. For example, given the following equation for the force of gravity (according to Newton): the force of gravity between two masses is directly proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two masses. Intellectual development In Piaget's model of intellectual development, the fourth and final stage is the formal operational stage. In\n\nCatatonia is a complex neuropsychiatric behavioral syndrome that is characterized by abnormal movements, immobility, abnormal behaviors, and withdrawal. The onset of catatonia can be acute or subtle and symptoms can wax, wane, or change during episodes. It has historically been related to schizophrenia (catatonic schizophrenia), but catatonia is most often seen in mood disorders. It is now known that catatonic symptoms are nonspecific and may be observed in other mental, neurological, and medical conditions. Catatonia is not a stand-alone diagnosis (although some experts disagree), and the term is used to describe a feature of the underlying disorder. There are several subtypes of catatonia: akinetic catatonia, excited catatonia, malignant catatonia, and delirious mania. Recognizing and treating catatonia is very important as failure to do so can lead to poor outcomes and can be potentially fatal. Treatment with benzodiazepines or ECT can lead to remission of catatonia. There is growing evidence of\n\nThe US Standard Light Rail Vehicle (SLRV) was a light rail vehicle (LRV) built by Boeing Vertol in the 1970s. The Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA) of the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) promoted it as a standardized vehicle for U.S. cities. Part of a series of defense conversion projects in the waning days of the Vietnam War, the SLRV was seen as both a replacement for older PCC streetcars in many cities and as a catalyst for cities to construct new light rail systems. The US SLRV was marketed as and is popularly known as the Boeing LRV or SLRV, and should not be confused with their prior lunar roving vehicles for NASA. The SLRV was purchased by the public transportation operators of Boston and San Francisco; in service by 1976, the US SLRV proved to be unreliable and scrapping started as early as 1987, but the SLRV\n\nQuestion: What's US Standard Light Rail Vehicle?", "output": "The US Standard Light Rail Vehicle was a light rail vehicle built by Boeing Vertol in the 1970s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Niamh Cosgrave (born 9 October 1964) is a former Fine Gael politician from Dublin, Ireland. She campaigned for victims of the Hepatitis C blood contamination scandal, and was the subject of a book on this. She was briefly a member of the second house of the Irish parliament, and, for several years, of Dublin City Council, which, in a very rare move, removed her for non-attendance. She later moved to France, where she survived a serious attack; she was subsequently the subject of a TV documentary. Early life Cosgrave is the daughter of former Fine Gael Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) Michael Joe Cosgrave. Anti-D After she witnessed an RT\u00c9 news report about contaminated blood, relating to anti-D, which concerned women that had received the product in 1977, Cosgrave recognised the symptoms, having received anti-D during the birth of her second child. She immediately presented for testing and tested positive for hepatitis\n\nThe Book of Malachi (Hebrew: , ) is the last book of the Neviim contained in the Tanakh, canonically the last of the Twelve Minor Prophets. In most Christian orderings, the grouping of the prophetic books is the last section of the Old Testament, making Malachi the last book before the New Testament. Most scholars consider the Book of Malachi to be the work of a single author who may or may not have been identified by the title Malachi. Its title has frequently been understood as a proper name, although its Hebrew meaning is simply \"My Messenger\" (the Septuagint reads \"his messenger\") and would not have been a proper name at the time of its writing. \"Malachi\" is often assumed to be a pseudonym used by the real writer so he would not face retribution for his prophecies. Jewish tradition states that the book was written by Ezra the\n\nAn ( ; Medieval Latin for \"he has declared under oath\") is a written statement voluntarily made by an affiant or deponent under an oath or affirmation which is administered by a person who is authorized to do so by law. Such a statement is witnessed as to the authenticity of the affiant's signature by a taker of oaths, such as a notary public or commissioner of oaths. An affidavit is a type of verified statement or showing, or in other words, it contains a verification, which means that it is made under oath on penalty of perjury, and this serves as evidence for its veracity and is required in court proceedings. Definition An affidavit is typically defined as a written declaration or statement that is sworn or affirmed before a person who has authority to administer an oath. There is no general defined form for an affidavit, although for\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Niamh Cosgrave.", "output": "Niamh Cosgrave is a former Fine Gael politician from Dublin, Ireland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Old St Paul's (formerly St Paul's Pro-Cathedral) is a historic site, a city landmark (tourist attraction) and a wedding and event venue in the heart of Wellington, the capital city of New Zealand. The building served a dual role as the parish church of Thorndon and the pro-cathedral (provisional cathedral) of the Diocese of Wellington of the Anglican Church between 1866 and 1964. It exemplifies 19th-century Gothic Revival architecture adapted to colonial conditions and materials, and stands at 34 Mulgrave Street, Pipitea, close to Parliament Buildings. History George Selwyn, the first Bishop of New Zealand, purchased part of the site of the church in 1845 and Governor George Grey added to it in 1853, at which time the land stood on a prominent cliff-top overlooking Wellington harbour. Agreement to build the church was reached by 1861 and the Reverend Frederick Thatcher, then vicar of St Paul's, Thorndon, was engaged as\n\nPossum Dixon was an American rock band, which existed between 1989 and 1999. Fronted by singer-songwriter and bassist Rob Zabrecky, the group's neo-new wave pop and post punk style first appeared among a string of early independently released 7 inch singles and on their self-titled debut on Interscope Records in 1993. Zabrecky's lyrical content often described love lost and slacker life in Los Angeles. History Formed in 1989 by college and high school friends Zabrecky, and Celso Chavez, the group took their name from a suspected murderer mentioned on television show America's Most Wanted. Initially performing as a duo, they mixed haphazard punk-folk compositions with store-front theatre to some measurable success, primarily performing at LA art/coffeehouses (Bebop Records & Fine Art, Jabberjaw, Pik-Me-Up). The following year, longtime friends and former schoolmates Robert O\u2019Sullivan (guitar/organ/keyboards) and Rich Truel (drums) were enlisted and together a fuller musical range was explored. Chronicling their\n\nJohn Joseph McCarthy (April 25, 1934 \u2013 May 9, 2020) was an American basketball player and coach. A point guard, he played college basketball and was an All-American at Canisius College. He was selected by the Rochester Royals in the 1956 NBA draft. He played a total of six seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA)\u2014two for the Royals, three for the St. Louis Hawks, and one for the Boston Celtics. McCarthy is the first of only four players in NBA history to record a triple-double in his playoff debut, with 13 points, 11 rebounds and 11 assists against the Minneapolis Lakers on March 16, 1960; he was later joined by Magic Johnson in 1980, LeBron James in 2006 and Nikola Joki\u0107 in 2019. McCarthy later coached the Buffalo Braves, his hometown team, for part of a season. McCarthy died on May 9, 2020. References External links BasketballReference.com: Johnny McCarthy\n\nQuestion: What is Possum Dixon", "output": "Possum Dixon was an American rock band, which existed between 1989 and 1999."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Baltimore Orioles (also known as the O's) are an American professional baseball team based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Orioles compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the American League (AL) East division. As one of the American League's eight charter teams in 1901, the franchise spent its first year as a major league club in Milwaukee as the Milwaukee Brewers before moving to St. Louis to become the St. Louis Browns in 1902. After 52 years in St. Louis, the franchise was purchased in 1953 by a syndicate of Baltimore business and civic interests led by attorney and civic activist Clarence Miles and Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. The team's current owner is American trial lawyer Peter Angelos. The Orioles' home ballpark is Oriole Park at Camden Yards, which opened in 1992 in downtown Baltimore. The oriole is the official state bird of Maryland; the name has\n\nA backplane (or \"backplane system\") is a group of electrical connectors in parallel with each other, so that each pin of each connector is linked to the same relative pin of all the other connectors, forming a computer bus. It is used to connect several printed circuit boards together to make up a complete computer system. Backplanes commonly use a printed circuit board, but wire-wrapped backplanes have also been used in minicomputers and high-reliability applications. A backplane is generally differentiated from a motherboard by the lack of on-board processing and storage elements. A backplane uses plug-in cards for storage and processing. Usage Early microcomputer systems like the Altair 8800 used a backplane for the processor and expansion cards. Backplanes are normally used in preference to cables because of their greater reliability. In a cabled system, the cables need to be flexed every time that a card is added or removed\n\nThe ; CSAP) is the Francophone school board for Nova Scotia. History It was created in 1996 to meet the needs of Acadian and French language and education requirements in Nova Scotia. Schools Centre scolaire \u00c9toile de l'Acadie (pr to 12); Sydney \u00c9cole acadienne de Pomquet (pr to 12); Pomquet \u00c9cole Beau-Port (pr to 12); Arichat \u00c9cole NDA (pr to 12); Ch\u00e9ticamp Centre Scolaire de la Rive-Sud (pr to 12); Cookville \u00c9cole acadienne de Truro (pr to 12); Truro \u00c9cole Rose-des-Vents (pr to 12); Greenwood \u00c9cole du Carrefour (5 to 8); Dartmouth \u00c9cole Bois-Joli (pr to 4); Dartmouth \u00c9cole secondaire Mosa\u00efque (9 to 12); Burnside, Nova Scotia \u00c9cole des Beaux-Marais (pr to 4); Porters Lake \u00c9cole secondaire du Sommet (6 to 12); Halifax \u00c9cole Beaubassin (pr to 5); Halifax \u00c9cole du Grand-Portage (pr to 7); Lower Sackville \u00c9cole Belleville (pr to 6); Tusket \u00c9cole Joseph-Dugas (pr to 6); Pointe-de-l'\u00c9glise \u00c9cole\n\nQuestion: What is Conseil scolaire acadien provincial?", "output": "The ; CSAP) is the Francophone school board for Nova Scotia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gareth Gerald McAuley ( ; born 5 December 1979) is a Northern Irish former professional footballer who played as a centre back. He represented Northern Ireland at senior international level, being capped on 80 occasions and scoring nine times. McAuley began his career playing in Northern Irish football with Linfield, Ballyclare Comrades, Crusaders and Coleraine before joining English side Lincoln City in the summer of 2004. He impressed enough at Sincil Bank to earn a move to Championship side Leicester City. He moved on to Ipswich Town in June 2008 following Leicester's relegation and then on to Premier League side West Bromwich Albion in July 2011. McAuley won West Brom's player of the year award for the 2012\u201313 season. Club career Early career McAuley was born in Larne, County Antrim. He began his career at Linfield and spent some time in early 2000 on loan at Ballyclare Comrades. After four\n\nThe New York Line was a formation within the Continental Army. The term \"New York Line\" referred to the quota of numbered infantry regiments assigned to New York at various times by the Continental Congress. These, together with similar contingents from the other twelve states, formed the Continental Line. The concept was particularly important in relation to the promotion of commissioned officers. Officers of the Continental Army below the rank of brigadier general were ordinarily ineligible for promotion except in the line of their own state. Not all Continental infantry regiments raised in a state were part of a state quota, however. On December 27, 1776, the Continental Congress gave Washington temporary control over certain military decisions that the Congress ordinarily regarded as its own prerogative. These \"dictatorial powers\" included the authority to raise sixteen additional Continental infantry regiments at large. Early in 1777, Washington offered command of one of\n\nLeslie Jensen (September 15, 1892 \u2013 December 14, 1964) was an American businessman and politician who served as the 15th Governor of South Dakota. Early life and military career Leslie Jensen was born in Hot Springs, South Dakota. In 1916 and 1917, he was a Second Lieutenant in the South Dakota National Guard 4th Infantry Regiment during the 1916 Mexican border expedition. From 1917 to 1919 he was a Captain in the 147th Artillery Regiment with the American Expeditionary Forces. He received an LL.B. degree from the University of South Dakota School of Law in 1921. He married Elizabeth Ward and they had three children. Career From 1922 until 1934 Jensen was a collector for the Internal Revenue Service. He became president and general manager of the People's Telephone and Telegraph Company. In 1936, Jensen, a Republican, defeated incumbent Governor Tom Berry as South Dakota Governor. He served from 1937\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Gareth McAuley.", "output": "Gareth Gerald McAuley is a Northern Irish former professional footballer who played as a centre back."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Juliet Clutton-Brock, FSA, FZS (6 September 1933 \u2013 21 September 2015) was an English zooarchaeologist and curator, specialising in domesticated mammals. From 1969 to 1993, she worked at the Natural History Museum. Between 1999 and 2006, she was the managing editor of the Journal of Zoology. Early life Clutton-Brock was born on 6 September 1933 in London. She was the daughter of Alan Clutton-Brock (1904-1976), an art critic of The Times and Slade Professor of Fine Art at Cambridge, and his first wife, Sheelah Mabel Stoney Archer. In 1936, she and her brother were sent to Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) to live with an aunt after the death of their mother in a car-accident. There, her brother died from polio. Juliet enjoyed the wildlife in her aunt's garden, but was terrified of snakes. Having returned to England after the end of the war in 1945, she was educated at Runton\n\nSudbury () is a suburb in the London Borough of Brent, located in northwest London, United Kingdom. The suburb forms the western part of Wembley and is centred around west of Wembley Central railway station. Sudbury is a historical area, having once extended from the 'South Manor - Sudbury' (thought to have been on Harrow Hill) to the area that is now known as Wembley Central. Much of the land that once formed Sudbury Common until the 1930s has now been developed as a relatively green residential suburb of London. Much of Sudbury was once in the ownership of the Barham family, who give their name to a number of local landmarks, including Barham School and Barham Park. Today, Sudbury covers a narrow area with Wembley to its east, North Wembley to its north, Sudbury Hill to the west, and North Greenford, in the London Borough of Ealing, directly south.\n\nDrepanophycus is a genus of extinct plants of the division Lycopodiophyta of Early to Late Devonian age (around ), found in Eastern Canada and Northeast US, China, Russia, Egypt and various parts of Northern Europe and Britain. Description Extinct terrestrial vascular plants of the Devonian period. Stem of the order of several mm to several cm in diameter and several cm to a metre long, erect or arched, dichotomizing occasionally, furnished with true roots at the base. Vascular bundle actinostele, tracheids of primitive annular or helical type (so-called G-type). Leaves are unbranched thorn-shaped (i.e. with a wide base, tapering to a blunt point) microphylls several mm long with a single prominent vascular thread, arranged spirally to randomly on the stem. Sporangia borne singly on the upper leaf surface. Drepanophycus has similarities to the genus Halleophyton. It differs from a closely related genus of the same period, Baragwanathia, in the position\n\nQuestion: Who is Juliet Clutton-Brock", "output": "Juliet Clutton-Brock, FSA, FZS was an English zooarchaeologist and curator, specialising in domesticated mammals."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hillsborough Community College (HCC) is a public community college in Hillsborough County, Florida. It is part of the Florida College System. History HCC was one of the last community colleges to be created in Florida, founded in 1968. Only Pasco\u2013Hernando State College, out of the 28-school Florida community college system, was founded later. In January 2008 the school opened its first residence hall, Hawk's Landing, named after the school mascot. This marks HCC as one of the few community colleges with its own residence hall. Campus The college has five campuses located throughout the county. Locations include: Brandon, Dale Mabry, Plant City, Ybor City, and South Shore (on the south shore of Tampa Bay in Ruskin); with the Dale Mabry campus being the largest. There are also instructional centers at MacDill Air Force Base (South Tampa/aligned with the Plant City Campus) and at the Regent (Riverview) aligned with the Brandon\n\nMichelle Vizzuso (born April 13, 1977 in Fairfield Township, Essex County, New Jersey) is an American former field hockey player who made her international senior debut for the Women's National Team in 1997. Playing as a forward, Vizzuso was a member of the team, that won the silver medal at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg. Vizzuso grew up in Fairfield, and attended West Essex High School. She graduated from the University of Virginia in 1999, having majored in English. She currently resides in Marvin, NC. International Senior Tournaments 1998 \u2013 World Cup, Utrecht, The Netherlands (8th) 1999 \u2013 Pan American Games, Winnipeg, Canada (2nd) 2000 \u2013 Olympic Qualifying Tournament, Milton Keynes, England (6th) References 1977 births Living people American female field hockey players People from Fairfield Township, Essex County, New Jersey University of Virginia alumni West Essex High School alumni Field hockey players at the 1999 Pan American\n\nThe Association of Professionals on Land and Realty (former Association for Protection of Landowners' Rights (APLR) (Georgian: \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0) is Georgian non-governmental, not-for-profit organization. The mandate of the organization is to facilitate the development, regulation and transparency of Georgian land (real estate) markets. With its active participation in the land reform program, legislative initiatives, and close monitoring of existing legislation, APLR represents one of the main participants in the real estate market regulation field in Georgia (country); it is also an organization with an established reputation and prominence in the South Caucasus region. History APLR was founded in 1996 by a group of landowners' rights activists. Soon after establishment, the organization became a primary advocacy group for Georgian land users, and already in 1997, started to play an active role in land reform, formulating policies for land privatization in Georgia. Activities Today, APLR offers a wide\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Association for Protection of Landowners' Rights is.", "output": "The Association of Professionals on Land and Realty is Georgian non-governmental, not-for-profit organization."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Traci Thirteen, also known as Girl 13 and Traci 13, is a superhero featured in American comic books published by DC Comics. Created by writer Joe Kelly and artist Dwayne Turner, she first appeared in Superman vol. 2 #189 (February 2003). Traci is the daughter of sorceress Meihui Lan and Doctor Thirteen, a renowned investigator and skeptic of the supernatural. Despite her father's disapproval of her mystic powers, Traci eventually separates from him and embarks on her own superhero career as a sorceress. She combines her magical abilities with the detective skills taught to her by her father and Elongated Man. Throughout her appearances, Traci becomes an ally of the Superman Family and has been involved with several superhero teams, including Justice League Dark, Night Force, and Justice League Queer. The character is often written to be of Asian descent and queer, having been love interests to both Blue Beetle\n\nThomas Hilliard Moodie (May 26, 1878 \u2013 March 3, 1948) was an American politician who was born in Winona, Minnesota. After he was inaugurated Governor of North Dakota in January 1935, it was revealed that he had not officially been a resident of the state for the mandatory five years, and he was removed from office in February 1935 having served less than a month. Biography A native of Winona, Minnesota, Thomas H. Moodie left school at the age of sixteen. He moved to Wadena, Minnesota, and began his career as a newspaperman in the printing department of the Wadena Pioneer. He married Julia Edith McMurray. He also worked as a brakeman for the Northern Pacific Railroad. Career He moved to North Dakota and was a cub reporter for the Bismarck Tribune. He became a journeyman printer, reporter, and editor of newspapers throughout the state, and also served as an\n\nThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is the nonprofit applied research arm of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. GTRI employs around 2,400 people, and is involved in approximately $600 million in research annually for more than 200 clients in industry and government. Initially known as the Engineering Experiment Station, (EES) the organization was proposed in 1929 by W. Harry Vaughan as an analog to the agricultural experiment stations; the Georgia General Assembly passed a law that year creating the organization on paper but did not allocate funds to start it. To boost the state's struggling economy in the midst of the Great Depression, funds were found, and the station was finally established with US$5,000 (equivalent to $ in ) in April 1934. GTRI's research spans a variety of disciplines, including national defense, homeland security, public health, education, mobile and wireless technologies, and economic development. Major\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Traci Thirteen is.", "output": "Traci Thirteen, also known as Girl 13 and Traci 13, is a superhero featured in American comic books published by DC Comics."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lillian Riemer BeVier (born June 11, 1939) is a professor of law at the University of Virginia School of Law. She was the first woman to become a full professor at the law school, and she holds the position of Distinguished Professor of Law Emeritus. Early life and education BeVier earned a bachelor's degree from Smith College in 1961 and a Juris Doctor degree from Stanford Law School in 1965. Early career BeVier began her career working on staff at Stanford University, and she also worked as a research associate for a Stanford Law School professor. She later practiced law at a firm in Palo Alto, California and worked as an assistant professor at Santa Clara University School of Law. Professorial career BeVier joined the University of Virginia law faculty in 1973. She has taught constitutional law (with special emphasis on First Amendment issues), intellectual property (trademark, copyright), real property,\n\nMarco Khaleel Zamboni (born 7 December 1977) is an Italian professional football defender, currently playing for AC Garda. Club career Zamboni was born in Bussolengo, Italy. After starting his career with Chievo in 1995, he played for Juventus between 1997 and 1999, but immediately after he was signed by the Turin club in the summer of 1997, he was loaned to Napoli of Serie A in October and subsequently back to Chievo (Serie B) in January. After he was loaned to U.S. Lecce, he was spotted by Serie A team Udinese Calcio. He was signed in co-ownership deal for \u20ac1.29M (2.5 billion lire) .Udinese also signed Morgan De Sanctis in co-ownership deal also for \u20ac1.29M (2.5 billion lire). After not playing in 2001\u201302 season, he left on loan again to Modena F.C. of Serie A, then Verona (Serie B). In summer 2003, he was signed by Napoli again, then time\n\nMultimedia Internet KEYing (MIKEY) is a key management protocol that is intended for use with real-time applications. It can specifically be used to set up encryption keys for multimedia sessions that are secured using SRTP, the security protocol commonly used for securing real-time communications such as VoIP. MIKEY was first defined in . Additional MIKEY modes have been defined in , , , and . Purpose of MIKEY As described in RFC 3830, the MIKEY protocol is intended to provide end-to-end security between users to support a communication. To do this, it shares a session key, known as the Traffic Encryption Key (TEK), between the participants of a communication session. The MIKEY protocol may also authenticate the participants of the communication. MIKEY provides many methods to share the session key and authenticate participants. Using MIKEY in practice MIKEY is used to perform key management for securing a multimedia communication protocol.\n\nQuestion: Who is Marco Zamboni", "output": "Marco Khaleel Zamboni is an Italian professional football defender, currently playing for AC Garda."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Cruel Melody is the debut album of American rock band Black Light Burns, released on June 5, 2007, through Ross Robinson's label I AM: WOLFPACK. The album is an outcome of frontman Wes Borland's efforts after his departure from Limp Bizkit in 2001, after which he took part in many projects such as Eat the Day and The Damning Well. After receiving additional inputs from then members Danny Lohner, Josh Freese and Josh Eustis, Cruel Melody was released in the spring of 2007. Background Wes Borland began writing in early 2004 a solo album of mainly melodic and esoteric material after he disbanded his projects such as Big Dumb Face, Eat the Day and The Damning Well but slightly before he rejoined Limp Bizkit in mid-2004. During this time Borland was offered the touring guitarist spot in Nine Inch Nails, and frontman Trent Reznor offered his opinions on the material\n\nJes\u00fas Miguel Roll\u00e1n Prada (4 April 1968 \u2013 11 March 2006) was a water polo goalkeeper from Spain who was a member of the national team that won the gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. Four years earlier, when Barcelona hosted the Summer Olympics, he was on the squad that captured the silver medal. Born in Madrid, Roll\u00e1n competed in five Summer Olympics, starting in 1988. He is among four Spanish water polo players, all in the 1992 and 1996 medal winning teams, to have competed at five Olympics, the others being Manuel Estiarte, Chiqui Sans and Chava Gomez. Roll\u00e1n is the first water polo goalkeeper of either gender to compete at five Olympics. He was also known as a close friend of Infanta Cristina, whom he introduced to her future husband I\u00f1aki Urdangarin. On 11 March 2006, three weeks and three days before his 38th\n\nRamnes is a village in T\u00f8nsberg municipality, and former municipality in Vestfold og Telemark county, Norway. The village of Ramnes was the administrative centre of the municipality. Summary The parish of Ramn\u00e6s was established as a municipality January 1, 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). According to the 1835 census the municipality had a population of 2,716. On 16 July 1873 an uninhabited part of V\u00e5le municipality was moved to Ramnes following a royal resolution. On January 1, 2002, Ramnes was merged with V\u00e5le to form the new municipality of Re, which on January 1, 2020, merged into T\u00f8nsberg. In 1996 Ramnes had a population of 3,579. The municipality and originally the parish was named after the old farm Ramnes (Old Norse Rafnnes), since the first church was built there. The first element is rafn m 'raven', the last element is nes n 'headland'. (Here the headland is made by the meeting of\n\nQuestion: Who is Jes\u00fas Roll\u00e1n?", "output": "Jes\u00fas Miguel Roll\u00e1n Prada was a water polo goalkeeper from Spain who was a member of the national team that won the gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Grupul Antiterorist (The Anti-Terrorist Group) is an anti-terrorist unit belonging to the Romanian Foreign Intelligence Service. Serviciul de Informa\u0163ii Externe (SIE, the Romanian Foreign Intelligence Service) is responsible for collecting information and carrying out intelligence activities abroad, although it also incorporates a small counter-intelligence unit that is tasked with the surveillance of foreign operatives on Romanian soil. Allegedly, in 1998 the Romanian Government decided that SIE needed a small anti-terrorist detachment, which could be used in capturing terrorist elements abroad, in cooperation with similar friendly structures from NATO. Thus, the detachment was created, with members taken mainly from Romania's national anti-terrorist authority, the Brigada Antiterorist\u0103 of the Romanian Intelligence Service (SRI, Romanian Intelligence Service). The small detachment was composed of only 23 operatives. Over the years, their number was decreased to 15 operatives. The Group's activities are unknown, and the unit was secret until its existence was revealed by the\n\nJalal Jalalizadeh (born in Sanandaj) is an Iranian Kurdish politician, University of Tehran professor, and political activist. Jalalizadeh was advisor to Iran's interior minister and also a representative of Sanandaj in Iran's 6th parliament. He is now a member of Islamic Iran Participation Front (IIPF). In 2008 Jalalizadeh was sentenced to a year in prison after being charged with \"propaganda against the state\". Works Compilations and translations into Persian \"History of Jurisprudence and Jurists\" \"Kurds are descendants of the Medes\" \"The Last Journey (True Tragedy of a Kurdish Family)\" \"Talk Always\" \"The Exalted Passage\" \"Mirror of Sentences in Shafi'i Jurisprudence\" \"A Revolution in the Prophetic Tradition\" \"The Role of Marriage in Community Health\" \"History of the Principles of Jurisprudence\" \"Luminous Words\" \"Do we deserve democracy?\" \"Explanation of Problems\" \"Principles of Jurisprudence\" References Iranian Kurdish politicians Living people Members of the 6th Islamic Consultative Assembly Islamic Iran Participation Front politicians Kurdish\n\nPre-Romanesque architecture in Asturias is framed between the years 711 and 910, the period of the creation and expansion of the kingdom of Asturias. History In the 5th century, the Goths, a Christianized tribe of Eastern Germanic origin, arrived in the Iberian peninsula after the fall of the Roman empire, and dominated most of the territory, attempting to continue Roman order by the so-called Ordo Gothorum. In the year 710, the Visigothic king Wittiza died, and instead of being succeeded by the eldest of his three sons, Agila, the throne was usurped by the duke of Baetica, Roderic. The young heir sought support to recover the throne, and apart from local backing, he approached the Muslim Kingdom in northern Africa. Tarik, the caliph of Damascus governor in Tangier, received permission to offer his army and disembark in Spain, ready to face the Visigothic army of King Roderic. On July 19,\n\nQuestion: What is Grupul Antiterorist", "output": "Grupul Antiterorist  is an anti-terrorist unit belonging to the Romanian Foreign Intelligence Service."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Blephariceridae, commonly known as net-winged midges, are a nematoceran family in the order Diptera. The adults resemble crane flies except with a projecting anal angle in the wings, and different head shape, absence of the V on the mesonotum, and more laterally outstretched, forward-facing legs. They are uncommon, but dozens of genera occur worldwide, and over 200 species. They are found near fast-flowing streams where the larvae live. Blepharicerid larvae are filter feeders and have suckers on their abdominal sternites, used to adhere to rocks in the torrents in which they live. These suckers are sometimes called creeping welts. These are of unique evolutionary origin within the Diptera. One recent classification based largely on fossils treats this family as the sole member of its infraorder, but this has not gained wide acceptance. Selected Genera and Species Subfamily Blepharicerinae Tribe Blepharicerini Agathon Rodor, 1890 Agathon arizonica (Alexander, 1958) Agathon aylmeri\n\nThe Barrelman was a name adopted by Joseph Smallwood for his fifteen-minute radio program on the Broadcasting Corporation of Newfoundland to promote pride in Newfoundland's history and culture. The show began as a column in the Daily News newspaper, and later appeared as a radio show on St. John's radio station VONF (Now CBN) in 1937 and became part of BCN's schedule when the network was established two years later. Within a week of its 1937 premiere, it had gathered an appreciative audience that it caught the attention of F.M. O'Leary Limited who began sponsoring it. The program was aired six nights a week and remained on the air for seven years. The opening introduction was always; F.M. O'Leary Limited presenting The Barrelman in a program of making Newfoundland better known to Newfoundlanders. The show consisted of The Barrelman (Smallwood) telling anecdotes and tales illustrating the culture and likeable attributes\n\nThe Quare Fellow is Brendan Behan's first play, first produced in 1954. The title is taken from a Hiberno-English pronunciation of queer. Plot The play is set in Mountjoy Prison, Dublin. The anti-hero of the play, The Quare Fellow, is never seen or heard; he functions as the play's central conceit. He is a man condemned to die on the following day, for killing his brother. It revolts his fellow inmates far less than that of The Other Fellow, a very camp, almost Wildean, homosexual man. There are three generations of prisoners in Mountjoy including boisterous youngsters who can irritate both other inmates and the audience and the weary old lags Neighbour and \"methylated martyr\" Dunlavin. The first act is played out in the cramped area outside five cells and is comedic. After the interval, the pace slows considerably and the play becomes much darker, as the time for the\n\nQuestion: What is The Barrelman", "output": "The Barrelman was a name adopted by Joseph Smallwood for his fifteen-minute radio program on the Broadcasting Corporation of Newfoundland to promote pride in Newfoundland's history and culture."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Check Yo Self\" is the third and final single from American rapper Ice Cube's third solo album, The Predator. It was released on July 13, 1993, and features New York City rappers Das EFX. It topped both the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop and Rap charts while also reaching number 20 on the Hot 100 chart. The song retains two main versions, the original and a remix which utilizes the same beat as Grandmaster Flash's \"The Message\", titled \"Check Yo Self (The Message Remix)\". The original mix includes a sample from the intro of the Beastie Boys' track \"The New Style\", which uses the phrase \"check it\" throughout the chorus. While the single version of the song (also titled Radio Remix \"The Message\") has been censored, the longer, uncensored version of The Message remix is featured on Ice Cube's Bootlegs & B-Sides album and was later released on his Greatest Hits album. The\n\nMount Stirling is a mountain in the Victorian Alps of the Great Dividing Range, located in the Hume region of Victoria, Australia. The mountain has an elevation of above sea level. Mount Stirling is also an abbreviation of the Mount Stirling Alpine Resort, a cross-country and backcountry ski resort located on the slopes of the mountain and situated approximately from Melbourne. The Mount Stirling ski resort is a popular location for beginner backcountry skiers and snowboarders due to its distance from Melbourne and proximity to the Mount Buller Alpine Resort. As at the 2011 census, the area had a population of 36. The Mount Stirling Alpine Resort is contained within an unincorporated area under the direct administration of the government of Victoria, and is surrounded by the Shire of Mansfield. Mount Stirling was named in honour of James Stirling, a surveyor and later, the Victorian Government Geologist. Location and features\n\nCameron \"Cam\" Knight is an Australian comedian and television personality, born in Cummins, South Australia. Career He studied at the South Australian Centre for the Performing Arts before making his break into television as a member of the Big Bite sketch comedy show and then became a regular presenter on Foxtel's The Comedy Channel. His sister, Nikki Dwyer, is a former newsreader for Network Ten in Adelaide. In 2006, he became the host of the Australian made stand up TV show, Stand Up Australia, shown 5 nights a week on The Comedy Channel. He has also hosted a variety of different shows on Foxtel, namely Chain Reaction on Fox 8, We'll Call You on The Comedy Channel and also the second series of Hit & Run on The Comedy Channel. In 2007, Knight was the host of the Australia heat of Last Comic Standing season 5 which aired on Fox8\n\nQuestion: What is Cameron Knight?", "output": "Cameron \"Cam\" Knight is an Australian comedian and television personality, born in Cummins, South Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Palais Schwarzenberg is a Baroque palace in front of Schwarzenbergplatz, Landstra\u00dfe, the 3rd district of Vienna, Austria. It is owned by the princely Schwarzenberg family. Construction started in 1697 under the architect Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt and finished with alterations in 1728 under Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach. Construction was supervised by master builder Anton Erhard Martinelli. The palace was commissioned by the Obersthofmarschall Heinrich Franz Graf von Mansfeld and Prince von Fondi, but he died while the Palace was being built. The unfinished property was finally bought in 1716 by Prince Adam Franz of Schwarzenberg, who had it completed. In 1751, a riding school and an orangery were added. The richly decorated Marmorgalerie (marble gallery) is one of the largest features in the palace. Until 2006, parts of it were a five star hotel, and the building has been used for festivities and events. It doubled as James Bond's\n\nMameria is an area of high-elevation jungle to the northeast of the Paucartambo range in southeast Peru, drained by the Mameria river, an affluent of the Nistr\u00f3n river. Until the 1960s this remote and sparsely populated area would have been considered a part of the Callanga jungle area. Machiguenga peoples, fleeing the slavery that they were subject to along the Yavero river, fled to this area which acquired its current name from the Machiguenga observing that \"mameri,\" which means \"there are none,\" regarding the lack of fish in the river. Mameria has pre-Columbian stone ruins that are the remains of ancient Incan coca plantations, some of which were sacked by the Peruvian helicopter-borne General Ludwig Essenwanger in 1980, a year after the area was first brought to the attention of the outside world by the also helicopter-borne expedition made by French-Peruvian explorers Herbert and Nicole Cartagena, guided by Peruvian campesino/adventurer\n\nPanzer Division Marduk is the sixth studio album by Swedish black metal band Marduk. It was recorded and mixed at The Abyss in January 1999 and released in June 1999 by Osmose Productions. The theme of the album is fire, as Nightwing was blood, and La Grande Danse Macabre (the band's next studio album) would be death, forming a trilogy of \"Blood, Fire, and Death\", Marduk's vision of what black metal is, unending grimness (as well as a tribute to the Bathory album Blood Fire Death). Panzer Division Marduk was the last Marduk release by Osmose Productions. The original album cover features a photo of the Swedish version (Stridsvagn 104) of the British Centurion Mk5 tank. The 2008 reissue of the album featured a Panzer VI E \"Tiger\" on its cover, reinforcing the Germanic World War II theme of the album. The internal sleeve pictures a tank column triumphant across\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Mameria is.", "output": "Mameria is an area of high-elevation jungle to the northeast of the Paucartambo range in southeast Peru, drained by the Mameria river, an affluent of the Nistr\u00f3n river."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Plow to the End of the Row is the 2004 debut album by Nashville, Tennessee-based singer/songwriter Adrienne Young and her band, Little Sadie. Overview After attending Belmont University in Nashville, Young worked for two years in various jobs on Music Row. \"No one was interested in my music\", she says. \"I was working in the music business offices, and everyone around me was doing what they wanted to do. It was driving me crazy because I knew I could do it, but you can't save up the money to do a record when you're making seven or eight bucks an hour\". Young was also determined to retain ownership of the rights to her songs and recordings, something that runs counter to the way the music industry typically works. In an e-mail to friend and philanthropist Wallace Rasmussen, Young confessed her frustration and admitted that she was thinking of returning to\n\n\"And She Was\" is a song by the American band Talking Heads, from their 1985 album Little Creatures. The song was written by David Byrne, who also provides the lead vocals. The song is musically notable for its unusual use of modulation. The overall key of the song is E major; however, the bridge to the chorus is in F major. The second bridge back to the verse is in the key of G major (Chords B minor to G major, \"She was glad about it...\") It reached on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and on the British singles chart. The accompanying music video was directed by avant-garde filmmaker Jim Blashfield, who cites the style of Terry Gilliam as one of his major influences. Background \"I used to know a blissed-out hippie-chick in Baltimore,\" recalled Byrne in the liner notes of Once in a Lifetime: The Best of Talking Heads.\n\nRetrospectacle \u2013 The Supertramp Anthology is the first comprehensive compilation album by the English rock band Supertramp, released in October 2005. Overview As Supertramp's first career retrospective, Retrospectacle contains a compilation of the most popular songs, live tracks and favourite album tracks from all of their albums from Supertramp to Slow Motion, including the live albums Paris and It Was the Best of Times. It was released as either a single disc or a double album. Also, Retrospectacle marks the first appearance on an album of the single \"Land Ho\" and its B-side \"Summer Romance\". The version of \"Land Ho\" used on the compilation is the 1975 remix which the band intended to use on Crisis? What Crisis? but left off at the last minute, while \"Summer Romance\" is the original mix from the single. \"Land Ho\" was later rerecorded by Roger Hodgson for his 1987 solo album Hai Hai\n\nQuestion: Define Plow to the End of the Row.", "output": "Plow to the End of the Row is the 2004 debut album by Nashville, Tennessee-based singer/songwriter Adrienne Young and her band, Little Sadie."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sainte-Anne-de-Madawaska is a former village in Madawaska County, New Brunswick, Canada. It held village status prior to 2023 and is now part of the town of Vall\u00e9e-des-Rivi\u00e8res. Sainte-Anne-de-Madawaska is located on the Saint John River, 30 kilometres southeast of Edmundston. Forestry is the major industry in the area. History On 1 January 2023, Sainte-Anne-de-Madawaska amalgamated with the town of Saint-L\u00e9onard and parts of four local service districts to form the new town of Vall\u00e9e-des-Rivi\u00e8res. The community's name remains in official use. Geography Sainte-Anne-De-Madawaska is made up of several smaller communities including: Fourche-\u00e0-Clark Prime Quisibis Rang-des-Desch\u00eane Siegas Siegas Lake Settlement Sirois Demographics In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Sainte-Anne-de-Madawaska had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. Population trend Mother tongue\n\nDecatur Township is one of the nine townships in Marion County, Indiana, United States, and part of the consolidated city of Indianapolis. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 32,388. Located in the southwest corner of the county, the township is home to the Indianapolis International Airport main terminal. It is one of the most rural sections of the county, but has seen many new residential and commercial developments. AmeriPlex, one of the largest industrial parks in Indiana, is in Decatur Township. Through the White River, Decatur and Perry townships share the only water boundary among Marion County's townships. Population Decatur Township was home to 24,726 residents in the 2000 census. As of the 2010 census, the population had increased to 32,388. By the 2020 census it had reached 36,951. The almost 50% increase between 2000 and 2020 census tabulations ranks Decatur Township second among Marion County's\n\nThe Rashtrapati Niwas (), formerly known as Viceregal Lodge, is located on the Observatory Hills of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. It was formerly the residence of the British Viceroy of India. It houses some of the most ancient articles and photographs going back to the times of the British rule in India. The Viceregal Lodge was designed by British architect Henry Irwin and built in the Jacobethan style during Lord Dufferin\u2019s tenure as Viceroy. Its construction started in 1880 and was completed in 1888. Lord Dufferin occupied the lodge on 23 July 1888. The final cost of project was around 38 lakh (3,800,000) rupees with the annual upkeep cost being around 1.5 lakh (150,000) rupees in the 1880s. At that time the estate stood on an area of , but today is reduced to . The structure draws inspiration from the architectural style of the English Renaissance, and also reflects\n\nQuestion: Define Sainte-Anne-de-Madawaska, New Brunswick.", "output": "Sainte-Anne-de-Madawaska is a former village in Madawaska County, New Brunswick, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alfred Jarry (; 8 September 1873 \u2013 1 November 1907) was a French symbolist writer who is best known for his play Ubu Roi (1896), often cited as a forerunner of Dada and the Surrealist and Futurist movements of the 1920s and 1930s. He also coined the term and philosophical concept of 'pataphysics. Jarry was born in Laval, Mayenne, France, and his mother was from Brittany. He wrote in a variety of hybrid genres and styles, prefiguring the postmodern, including novels, poems, short plays and op\u00e9ras bouffes, absurdist essays and speculative journalism. His texts are considered examples of absurdist literature and postmodern philosophy. Biography and works His father Anselme Jarry (1837\u20131895) was a salesman who descended into alcoholism; his mother Caroline, n\u00e9e Quernest (1842\u20131893), was interested in music and literature, but her family had a streak of insanity, and her mother and brother were institutionalized. The couple had two surviving\n\nHarold Victor Campbell Thorby (2 October 1888 \u2013 1 January 1973) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the Country Party and served as the party's deputy leader from 1937 to 1940. He represented the Division of Calare (1931\u20131940) and held ministerial office as Minister for War Service Homes (1934\u20131936), Defence (1937\u20131938), Civil Aviation (1938\u20131939), Health (1940), and Postmaster-General (1940). He lost his seat at the 1940 federal election. Early life Thorby was born on 2 October 1888 in Annandale, Sydney, New South Wales. He was the son of Elizabeth (n\u00e9e Campbell) and Frederick James Thorby; his mother was Irish and his father English. Thorby grew up with his maternal grandparents in Geurie and attended the local public school before going on to Sydney Grammar School. He later acquired his own property in Geurie and studied woolclassing, veterinary science and architecture through Sydney Technical College. He also worked\n\nThe Sherman Minton Bridge is a double-deck through arch bridge spanning the Ohio River, carrying I-64 and US 150 over the river between Kentucky and Indiana. The bridge connects the west side of Louisville, Kentucky to downtown New Albany, Indiana. History In 1952 the \"Second Street Bridge\" was reaching peak traffic, and the K&I Bridge faring similarly. Arthur W. Grafton commissioned two studies in 1952 and 1953, with their results being a need for two bridges in Louisville; one crossing to Jeffersonville, Indiana, and the other to New Albany. Hoosiers as far as Scottsburg, Indiana ( away) were vastly against making any bridges toll, and many residents of Louisville were against toll bridges as well. When the Interstate Highway System was announced by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, the solution became clear. The Federal government would finance 90% of both bridges, with Indiana paying 10% of the New Albany bridge, and\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Sherman Minton Bridge is.", "output": "The Sherman Minton Bridge is a double-deck through arch bridge spanning the Ohio River, carrying I-64 and US 150 over the river between Kentucky and Indiana."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bayesian probability ( or ) is an interpretation of the concept of probability, in which, instead of frequency or propensity of some phenomenon, probability is interpreted as reasonable expectation representing a state of knowledge or as quantification of a personal belief. The Bayesian interpretation of probability can be seen as an extension of propositional logic that enables reasoning with hypotheses; that is, with propositions whose truth or falsity is unknown. In the Bayesian view, a probability is assigned to a hypothesis, whereas under frequentist inference, a hypothesis is typically tested without being assigned a probability. Bayesian probability belongs to the category of evidential probabilities; to evaluate the probability of a hypothesis, the Bayesian probabilist specifies a prior probability. This, in turn, is then updated to a posterior probability in the light of new, relevant data (evidence). The Bayesian interpretation provides a standard set of procedures and formulae to perform this\n\nLochgelly railway station is a railway station in Lochgelly, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Fife Circle Line, north of . Lochgelly station is on the end of the town towards Ballingry. The station can be accessed via a ramp from the small car park up to the Edinburgh platform. To access the north bound platform, passengers must cross the road from the car park and climb a flight of stairs. This station is unmanned and has no ticket vending facilities. Passengers boarding here must buy their tickets from staff on the train. There is a public phone in the waiting shelter on the Kirkcaldy platform. There are regular bus services to the town centre. Services There is generally an hourly service in each direction along the Fife Circle Line westbound towards or eastbound towards . Daytime services in both directions begin and end at\n\nBirdhouse Skateboards (originally Birdhouse Projects) is a skateboard company formed by ex-Powell Peralta professional skateboarders Tony Hawk and Per Welinder in 1992. Birdhouse makes decks and wheels, as well as clothing and accessories. History After the skateboard boom of the late 1980s had died, former Powell Peralta professional and freestyle skateboarder Per Welinder wanted to stay involved with skateboarding by starting a company. Welinder had originally asked Powell Peralta pro skateboarder Lance Mountain to be his equal partner in the venture. Mountain declined as he only wanted to start a skateboard company if he had 100% ownership. Mountain later founded The Firm Skateboards (now defunct). Welinder later asked another Powell Peralta pro skateboarder Tony Hawk to be 50-50 partners in this new skateboard company. Hawk gladly accepted as he felt his time in skateboarding was nearly over due to the lack of interest in vert skating caused by the popularity\n\nQuestion: What's Lochgelly railway station?", "output": "Lochgelly railway station is a railway station in Lochgelly, Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Black Sabbath were an English rock band formed in Birmingham in 1968 by guitarist Tony Iommi, drummer Bill Ward, bassist Geezer Butler and vocalist Ozzy Osbourne. They are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music. The band helped define the genre with releases such as Black Sabbath (1970), Paranoid (1970) and Master of Reality (1971). The band had multiple line-up changes following Osbourne's departure in 1979, with Iommi being the only constant member throughout their history. After previous iterations of the group \u2013 the Polka Tulk Blues Band and Earth \u2013 the band settled on the name Black Sabbath in 1969. They distinguished themselves through occult themes with horror-inspired lyrics and down-tuned guitars. Signing to Philips Records in November 1969, they released their first single, \"Evil Woman\", in January 1970, and their debut album, Black Sabbath, was released the following month. Though it received a negative critical response, the\n\nSomeone Comes to Town, Someone Leaves Town is a contemporary fantasy novel by Canadian author Cory Doctorow. It was published in June 2005, concurrently released on the Internet under a Creative Commons license, free for download in several formats including ASCII and PDF. It is Doctorow's third novel. The novel was chosen to launch the Sci Fi Channel's book club, Sci Fi Essentials (now defunct). Plot summary The story mainly takes place in two Ontario locales. In flashbacks, the main character, usually but not always called Alan (he appears to have been alphabetized rather than named, and will answer to and identify himself as any masculine name beginning with A), and his brothers (also alphabetized) grow up outside of the remote town of Kapuskasing. The novel opens with Alan's purchase of a home in the Kensington Market neighborhood of modern-day Toronto. There are two main plotlines. Alan befriends Kurt, a\n\nJos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn Vicente de Iturrigaray y Ar\u00f3stegui, KOS (27 June 1742, C\u00e1diz, Spain \u2013 22 August 1815, Madrid) was a Spanish military officer and viceroy of New Spain, from 4 January 1803 to 16 September 1808, during Napoleon's invasion of Spain and the establishment of a Bonapartist regime in Spain. His plans to form a provisional autonomous government led to his arrest and deposition. Origins and military career Iturrigaray was born of a family of wealthy Vizca\u00edno (Basque) merchants in C\u00e1diz. His parents were Jos\u00e9 Yturrigaray y Gainza, born in Pamplona, Navarre, and Mar\u00eda Manuela de Ar\u00f3stegui y Larrea, born in Aranaz, Navarre. Under Charles III in 1762 he took part in the Spanish invasion of Portugal and in Gibraltar. In 1793, now under Charles IV, he earned fame for the courage shown in the War of the Pyrenees with Republican France. In 1801 he was commander in chief of\n\nQuestion: What's Black Sabbath?", "output": "Black Sabbath were an English rock band formed in Birmingham in 1968 by guitarist Tony Iommi, drummer Bill Ward, bassist Geezer Butler and vocalist Ozzy Osbourne."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow. Therefore, approximants fall between fricatives, which do produce a turbulent airstream, and vowels, which produce no turbulence. This class is composed of sounds like (as in rest) and semivowels like and (as in yes and west, respectively), as well as lateral approximants like (as in less). Terminology Before Peter Ladefoged coined the term \"approximant\" in the 1960s, the terms \"frictionless continuant\" and \"semivowel\" were used to refer to non-lateral approximants. In phonology, \"approximant\" is also a distinctive feature that encompasses all sonorants except nasals, including vowels, taps and trills. Semivowels Some approximants resemble vowels in acoustic and articulatory properties and the terms semivowel and glide are often used for these non-syllabic vowel-like segments. The correlation between semivowels and vowels is strong enough that cross-language differences between\n\nThe Aurora Tigers are a Canadian ice hockey team from Aurora, Ontario. They play in the Ontario Junior Hockey League. The team has previously played in the Metro Junior A Hockey League, Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League, and the Ontario Junior Hockey League. History The Aurora Tigers were first formed in 1967 as a member of the Metro Junior \"B\" league. In 1972, the most viable teams were pulled from the Metro and into the OHA Junior \"A\" league. The Tigers stayed on board until 1985, and as the financial situation of the league changed and became less viable, the Tigers folded. In 1987, Aurora's financial interests were intrigued into coming back. With the OHA Jr. \"A\" now folded, the Central Junior \"B\" and Metro Junior \"B\" were consistently being judged as the heirs to the Junior \"A\" title. The Aurora Eagles joined the Central Junior \"B\" league and\n\nAngtoria was a symphonic metal band composed of British singer Sarah Jezebel Deva and Swedish brothers Chris and Tommy Rehn. Singer Sarah Jezebel Deva joined with the brothers in 2001 to create the band. Their debut album, God Has a Plan for Us All, was released in April 2006. The name Angtoria derives its origin from the title of a song by the band Moahni Moahna where Tommy was a member between 1992\u20131997. History The band started with a friendship forged between Sarah and Chris when they were touring in 2001 with Therion and Evergrey. They went on to produce a four-track film soundtrack-like CD in 2002 which was an unofficial demo only for record companies. The band won a competition at gothmetal.net in May 2005, for which their prize was inclusion on a compilation CD. In late 2005, after 99% of the album was written, Tommy Rehn joined the\n\nQuestion: What's Approximant?", "output": "Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term borough designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely. History In the Middle Ages, boroughs were settlements in England that were granted some self-government; burghs were the Scottish equivalent. In medieval England, boroughs were also entitled to elect members of parliament. The use of the word borough probably derives from the burghal system of Alfred the Great. Alfred set up a system of defensive strong points (Burhs); in order to maintain these particular settlements, he granted them a degree of autonomy. After the Norman Conquest, when certain towns were granted self-governance, the concept of the burh/borough seems to have been reused to mean a self-governing settlement. The concept of the borough has been used repeatedly (and often differently) throughout the world. Often, a borough is a single town with\n\nOsmaneli is a town in Bilecik Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is the seat of Osmaneli District and has a population of 16,192 (2021). Its neighbours are Pamukova from north, Geyve from north-east, G\u00f6lpazar\u0131 from south-east, Bilecik from south, Yeni\u015fehir from south-west and \u0130znik from west. Situated on a hillside at a point where the Karasu, flowing down from Kandilli Da\u011f, enters the Sakarya River, this small town was known in antiquity as Leukai and more recently as Lefke. South of the town is a narrow and very beautiful river gorge with rocky walls up to 100 m/328 ft high, contributing to some spectacular scenery. History Leukai was a town located on the road from Nicaea to Dorylaion and thus part of both the Byzantine Military Road and the Pilgrim's Road, the land route taken typically by Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. The town was then\n\nNaqada III is the last phase of the Naqada culture of ancient Egyptian prehistory, dating from approximately 3200 to 3000 BC. It is the period during which the process of state formation, which began in Naqada II, became highly visible, with named kings heading powerful polities. Naqada III is often referred to as Dynasty 0 or the Protodynastic Period to reflect the presence of kings at the head of influential states, although, in fact, the kings involved would not have been a part of a dynasty. In this period, those kings' names were inscribed in the form of serekhs on a variety of surfaces including pottery and tombs. History The Protodynastic Period in ancient Egypt was characterised by an ongoing process of political unification, culminating in the formation of a single state to begin the Early Dynastic Period. Furthermore, it is during this time that the Egyptian language was first\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Naqada III is.", "output": "Naqada III is the last phase of the Naqada culture of ancient Egyptian prehistory, dating from approximately 3200 to 3000\u00a0BC."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Amateur Emigrant (in full: The Amateur Emigrant from the Clyde to Sandy Hook) is Robert Louis Stevenson's travel memoir of his journey from Scotland to California in 1879-1880. It is not a complete account, covering the first third, by ship from Europe to New York City. The middle leg of the trip is documented in Across the Plains (1892) with the final part covered in The Silverado Squatters (1883). The Amateur Emigrant was written in 1879-80 and was not published in full until 1895, one year after his death. In July 1879, Robert Louis Stevenson received word that his future American wife's (Fanny Vandegrift) divorce was almost complete and she was ready to remarry, but that she was seriously ill. He left Scotland right away to meet her in her native California. Leaving by ship from Glasgow, Scotland, he determined to travel in steerage class to see how the\n\nis a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tochi Ueyama. It has been serialized in Kodansha's seinen anthology magazine Morning since 1985. Kodansha has collected its into individual tank\u014dbon volumes and it as a total of 167 volumes as of October 2023, making it one of the longest manga series by number of volumes. The story revolves around a salaryman who can cook well and full recipes for the dishes featured in each chapter are provided at the end of the chapter. The series has been adapted into a 151-episode anime television series of the same name by Eiken and directed by Toshitaka Tsunoda. The anime series was originally broadcast in Japan on TV Asahi between April 1992 and May 1995, A Japanese television drama adaptation aired on Fuji TV on August 29, 2008. Cooking Papa won a Special Award at the 39th Kodansha Manga Awards in 2015. Story\n\nJuan Camilo Novoa Aguinaga (born October 5, 1981) is Colombian professional boxer. As an amateur, he won a gold medal at the 2002 Central American and Caribbean Games at junior middleweight vs Juan Ubaldo. He is nicknamed \"La Boa\". Amateur career He qualified for the Olympic Games by ending up in first place at the 2nd AIBA American 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He moved down to welterweight to participate in the 2004 Summer Olympics for his native country. There he was beaten in the quarterfinals of the welterweight (69 kg) division by Korea's Kim Jung Joo. Professional career He turned professional at middleweight and is 12\u20131, the loss being a stoppage defeat in the first round. External links 1981 births Living people Colombian male boxers Olympic boxers for Colombia Boxers at the 2004 Summer Olympics Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Colombia Competitors\n\nQuestion: Define Cooking Papa.", "output": "is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tochi Ueyama."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Adelaide ( ; ) is the capital city of South Australia, the state's largest city and the fifth-most populous city in Australia. \"Adelaide\" may refer to either Greater Adelaide (including the Adelaide Hills) or the Adelaide city centre. The demonym Adelaidean is used to denote the city and the residents of Adelaide. The Traditional Owners of the Adelaide region are the Kaurna. The area of the city centre and surrounding Park Lands is called in the Kaurna language. Adelaide is situated on the Adelaide Plains north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, between the Gulf St Vincent in the west and the Mount Lofty Ranges in the east. Its metropolitan area extends from the coast to the foothills of the Mount Lofty Ranges, and stretches from Gawler in the north to Sellicks Beach in the south. Named in honour of Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen of King William IV, the city was founded\n\nThe Italian Confederation of Trades Unions (, ; CISL ) is a national trade union centre in Italy representing various Catholic-inspired groups linked with Christian Democracy party. It was founded on 30 April 1950, when Catholics in the Italian General Confederation of Labour (CGIL) left after they clashed with the Italian Communist Party on the issue of a general strike provoked by the latter. Like the French Force Ouvri\u00e8re (FO) union, it received financial support from Irving Brown, leader of the international relations of the US AFL\u2013CIO and a CIA contractee. Structure The CISL is formed on two levels: a vertical one, grouping workers according to employment (such as transport, banks, and teaching), and the confederation itself, representing all categories. The base of the latter is formed by districts (or Unioni territoriali), grouped in regions. On the national level, CISL ensures cooperation of various branch organisms within the territorial hierarchy.\n\nFrancavilla di Sicilia (Sicilian: Francavigghia) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Messina on the island of Sicily, southern Italy. It has a population of about 3,900 people and is situated in the southern part of the province, close to the northern slopes of Mount Etna. The distance to Messina is about , and the town is about from Catania airport, in the valley of the River Alcantara between Taormina and Randazzo. Taormina and the Mediterranean Sea are about to the southeast. Neighboring towns and villages include: Antillo, Castiglione di Sicilia, Fondachelli-Fantina, Malvagna, Montalbano Elicona, Motta Camastra, Novara di Sicilia and Tripi. History In the vicinity of the town artefacts have been found dating back to the 5th century BC. In 1092 the Abbey of San Salvatore di Placa was built, and the town grew around it. On June 20, 1719 a major battle was fought between\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Italian Confederation of Trades Unions is.", "output": "The Italian Confederation of Trades Unions is a national trade union centre in Italy representing various Catholic-inspired groups linked with Christian Democracy party."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Ranfjorden (or just Ranfjord) is a fjord in the Helgeland district of Nordland county, Norway. The largest part of the fjord is in the municipality of Rana, but the fjord also passes through the municipalities of Hemnes, Vefsn, Leirfjord, Nesna, and D\u00f8nna. The Ranelva river meets the Ranfjord in at the town of Mo i Rana at the innermost part of the fjord. It then flows to the west for about to where it meets the sea along the border of D\u00f8nna and Nesna municipalities. The inner part of the fjord is lush, forested, and more heavily populated. The western parts of the fjord are narrow with steep sides and that area has few inhabitants. There is a narrow strait that connects to the S\u00f8rfjorden and Elsfjorden at the village of Hemnesberget. Two large rivers flow into the fjord: Ranelva and R\u00f8ss\u00e5ga. The European route E6 highway follows the\n\nVirginia Marlita \"Penny\" Toler (born March 24, 1966) is an American basketball executive and former player who served most recently as the general manager of the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). Toler holds the distinction of scoring the first basket in WNBA history. College years Toler began her college career with the San Diego State Aztecs, joining a squad led by Tina Hutchinson. Toler then sat out a year after transferring to Long Beach State, where she became an All-American. During her career Long Beach State made it to the Final Four twice, in 1987 and 1988. Toler was considered one of the best ever collegiate players under future Hall of Fame coach Joan Bonvicini. In 1995 she was inducted into the Long Beach State Athletic Hall of Fame. Long Beach State statistics Source Professional career Having no viable domestic professional options, Toler began her\n\nBorgentreich is a municipality in the H\u00f6xter district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Geography Borgentreich lies roughly 20 km south of Brakel and 10 km northeast of Warburg. The constituent community of Borgholz lies on the foothill of a high ridge northeast of Borgentreich (main town). Constituent communities Borgentreich consists of the following 12 centres: Borgentreich Borgholz B\u00fchne Drankhausen Gro\u00dfeneder K\u00f6rbecke L\u00fctgeneder Manrode Muddenhagen Natingen Natzungen R\u00f6sebeck History Borgentreich was mentioned for the first time in 1280 under the name Borguntriche when Otto von Rietberg, the Bishop of Paderborn, was granted leave by Siegfried von Westerburg, the Archbishop of Cologne, to fortify the town. Later Borgentreich would become a city in the hanseatic league. Borgholz Borgholz was first mentioned in 1291 in two documents, both confirming that there was a Borcholte at this time. It has to thank for its founding \u2013 as does the main town \u2013 a dispute over\n\nQuestion: What's Borgentreich?", "output": "Borgentreich is a municipality in the H\u00f6xter district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A personal web server (PWS) is system of hardware and software that is designed to create and manage a web server on a desktop computer. It can be used to learn how to set up and administer a website, and it can also serve as a site for testing dynamic web pages. One of the main functions of PWS is to provide an environment where web programmers can test their programs and web pages. Therefore, a PWS supports the more common server-side programming approaches that can be used with production web servers. A personal web server, or personal server in short, allows users to store, selectively share, or publish information on the web or on a home network. Unlike other types of web servers, a personal web server is owned or controlled by an individual, and operated for the individual's needs, instead of by a company. It can be implemented\n\nPeople of Praise is a network of lay Christian intentional communities. As a parachurch apostolate, membership is open to any baptized Christian who affirms the Nicene Creed and agrees to the community's covenant. The majority of its members are Catholics, but Protestants can also join, reflecting the ecumenical nature of People of Praise. It has 22 branches in the United States, Canada, and the Caribbean, with approximately 1,700 members. It founded Trinity Schools, which are aligned with the philosophy of classical Christian education. People of Praise was formed in 1971 by Kevin Ranaghan and Paul DeCelles. Both men were involved in the Catholic Charismatic Renewal, in which Pentecostal religious experiences such as baptism in the Holy Spirit, speaking in tongues and prophecy are practiced by Catholics. In its early history, it influenced the institutional development of the Catholic Charismatic movement in the United States and played important roles in national\n\nThe great sparrow (Passer motitensis), also known as the southern rufous sparrow, is found in southern Africa in dry, wooded savannah and towns. This is a 15\u201316 cm long sparrow superficially like a large house sparrow. It has a grey crown and rear neck and rufous upperparts. While in the past some authorities considered this species and several related species of 'rufous sparrow' on the African mainland to be the same as the Iago sparrow of Cape Verde, they do not appear to be so closely related as thought. A few currently recognise only some of the rufous sparrows as separate from the great sparrow, but the Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International recognise the Socotra sparrow, Kenya sparrow, Kordofan sparrow, and Shelley's sparrow as separate species. References Works cited External links Southern Rufous Sparrow at the Internet Bird Collection Great Sparrow species text in The\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Great sparrow is.", "output": "The great sparrow, also known as the southern rufous sparrow, is found in southern Africa in dry, wooded savannah and towns."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ibrahim Moustafa (, 23 September 1904 \u2013 9 October 1968) was a Greco-Roman wrestler from Egypt. At his first international tournament, the 1924 Olympics, he finished fourth in the light-heavyweight category. Four years later he won the gold medal in this event, becoming the second Egyptian Olympic champion after Sayed Nosseir. Next year, upon invitation from the Swedish Wrestling Federation, Moustafa toured Europe and competed in several international tournaments. A carpenter by profession, upon returning home he became a wrestling coach, and prepared one of his three sons, Adel Ibrahim Moustafa, for the 1948 and 1952 Olympics. After his death, the annual Ibrahim Moustafa International Tournament was carried out in his honor. References External links 1904 births 1968 deaths Wrestlers at the 1924 Summer Olympics Wrestlers at the 1928 Summer Olympics Egyptian male sport wrestlers Olympic wrestlers for Egypt Olympic gold medalists for Egypt Olympic medalists in wrestling Medalists at\n\nWalter \"Schoko\" Schachner (born 1 February 1957) is a football manager and former player, who played as a forward. He made 64 appearances scoring 23 goals for the Austria national team. As he always brought chocolate to the games when he was a boy, he got the nickname schoko. He was one of the most successful Austrian players in Italian football, as he played for four clubs over seven years. Club career Schachner was born in Leoben, Austria. Much-travelled, he started his professional career at local outfit Alpine Donawitz at 18 in the 1975\u201376 season, earning a place in the national team after only one and a half season. He was duly picked up by Vienna club Austria Wien but moved abroad to play in Italy for seven years, from 1981 to 1988, in A.C. Cesena (58 matches, 17 goals), Torino F.C. (85 matches, 18 goals) and Avellino (48 matches\n\nJohn Joshua Webb (February 14, 1847 \u2013 April 12, 1882) was a noted lawman turned gunfighter and outlaw of the American Old West. Early life Webb was born February 14, 1847, in Keokuk County, Iowa, the seventh of twelve children born to William Webb Jr and Innocent Blue Brown Webb. Webb moved about often in his youth. The family moved to Nebraska in 1862, and later to Osage City, Kansas. Webb headed west on his own in 1871, working as a buffalo hunter and miner along the way. Gunfighter Webb drifted to Dodge City, Kansas, where he came into contact with several notable personalities of the old west, including Wyatt Earp and Bat Masterson. While there, he took part as a member of several posses and served as a deputy. By January 1878, Bat Masterson was the newly appointed sheriff of Ford County. Masterson deputized Webb and two others, Kinch\n\nQuestion: Who is Ibrahim Moustafa?", "output": "Ibrahim Moustafa was a Greco-Roman wrestler from Egypt."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "St\u00e9phane Diagana (born 23 July 1969 in Saint-Affrique, Aveyron) is a retired, French track and field sprinter and hurdler. His specialities were the 400 metres hurdles and the 4 x 400 metres relay. Diagana won the 400 metres hurdles gold medal at the 1997 World Championships in Athens and the 4 x 400 metres relay gold medal at the 2003 World Championships in Paris. In 2002 he won the 400 metres hurdles gold medal at the European Championships in Munich. Diagana also set a new, European 400 metres hurdles outdoor record of 47.37 sec. in Lausanne, Switzerland on 5 July 1995. This record stood until June 2019. In his only Olympic appearance, Diagana finished in fourth position in the final of the 400 metres hurdles of the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona. In that Olympics, his 4 x 400 metres relay team was eliminated in the heats. Diagana retired from competition\n\nANSI C, ISO C, and Standard C are successive standards for the C programming language published by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 14 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Historically, the names referred specifically to the original and best-supported version of the standard (known as C89 or C90). Software developers writing in C are encouraged to conform to the standards, as doing so helps portability between compilers. History and outlook The first standard for C was published by ANSI. Although this document was subsequently adopted by ISO/IEC and subsequent revisions published by ISO/IEC have been adopted by ANSI, \"ANSI C\" is still used to refer to the standard. While some software developers use the term ISO C, others are standards-body neutral and use Standard C. Informal specification: K&R C (C78) Informal specification in 1978 (Brian Kernighan and\n\nNorth Lindsey College is a further education college in Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire, England, situated on the A18. Structure North Lindsey College is an associate college of the University of Lincoln providing a range of further education and higher education courses. The college comprises 69 departments and occupies an area of . It has two local centres in Ashby and Barton. College funding decisions are made by the Yorkshire and the Humber Learning and Skills Council in Bradford. History The college was established in 1953 as North Lindsey Technical College. Its main building opened in 1964. In 1971 the college became the North Lindsey College of Technology \u2013 at that time it was run by Lindsey Education Committee (based in Lincoln). Humberside Education Committee in Beverley took over the administration of the college in 1974. At that stage it had five departments: Business and Management Studies Construction Engineering General Studies Science\n\nQuestion: Define ANSI C.", "output": "ANSI C, ISO C, and Standard C are successive standards for the C programming language published by the American National Standards Institute and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22/WG 14 of the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Music for UNICEF Concert: A Gift of Song was a benefit concert of popular music held in the United Nations General Assembly in New York City on January 9, 1979. It was intended to raise money for UNICEF world hunger programs and to mark the beginning of the International Year of the Child. The concert was videotaped and broadcast the following day on NBC in the U.S. and around the world. The moderator was David Frost, with Gilda Radner and Henry Winkler also introducing some of the performers. Henry Fonda made a short appearance. Each performer signed a large parchment declaring support for UNICEF's goals. The concert was the idea of impresario Robert Stigwood, the Bee Gees, and David Frost, who originally conceived it as an annual event. Not all of the performances were truly live, with ABBA lip-synching their new song \"Chiquitita\" and the Bee Gees lip-synching their\n\nThe anus (: anuses or ani; from Latin, 'ring' or 'circle') is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to control the expulsion of feces, the residual semi-solid waste that remains after food digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, includes: matter which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after the nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts. Amphibians, reptiles, and birds use the same orifice (known as the cloaca) for excreting liquid and solid wastes, for copulation and egg-laying. Monotreme mammals also have a cloaca, which is thought to be a feature inherited from the earliest amniotes via the therapsids. Marsupials have a single orifice for excreting both solids and liquids\n\nCharlotte Elizabeth Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington, 6th Baroness Clifford (born Lady Charlotte Boyle; 27 October 1731 \u2013 8 December 1754) was the daughter of Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and Lady Dorothy Savile. From 1748 until her death she was married to William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington, later the 4th Duke of Devonshire and Prime Minister of Great Britain. Family and early life Lady Charlotte Elizabeth Boyle was the only surviving daughter of Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and Lady Dorothy Savile. Her mother was the daughter of William Savile, 2nd Marquess of Halifax. Personal life On 28 March 1748, she married William Cavendish, then the Marquess of Hartington, who later became the 4th Duke of Devonshire and the Prime Minister of Great Britain. The advantageous union had been arranged since childhood and was happy. The marriage helped him rise politically. They had four children: William, Dorothy, Richard,\n\nQuestion: What is Anus", "output": "The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Workers' Unity League (WUL) was established in January 1930 as a militant industrial union labour central closely related to the Communist Party of Canada on the instructions of the Communist International. This was reflective of the shift in the Communist International's political line that ushered in its \"Third Period\". Rather than \"boring from within\"\u2014the policy of the \"Second Period\" that encouraged Communists to join mainstream labour unions and progressive organizations in order to move them to the revolutionary left\u2014this new line emphasized creating independent communist organizations. The WUL paralleled similar alternative trade union structures elsewhere: the Trade Union Unity League in the US, and the National Minority Movement in the UK. Some of the unions affiliated with the WUL include the Mine Workers' Union of Canada, Lumber Workers Industrial Union of Canada and the Relief Camp Workers' Union. Unlike both the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada (TLC) and\n\nThe Black Waltz is the fourth full-length studio album by the Finnish melodic death metal band Kalmah and their first with keyboard player Marco Sneck. This album has them gravitating more towards thrash metal, which has often been cited as the Kokko brothers' primary musical influence. The vocals have changed to lower death vocals, compared to their higher pitched growls in previous albums. The instrumental \"Svieri Doroga\" is a combination of the name of their first demo Svieri Obraza and a track on that demo entitled \"Vezi Doroga\". The name of the title track and album comes from a song originally recorded ten years earlier when the band was still named \"Ancestor\". The video for \"The Groan of Wind\" shows the band members playing inside a cave, with alternating shots of a young boy and girl running from their possessed family members. They are later rescued by a disfigured old\n\nOverbrook is an urban neighbourhood situated in Rideau-Rockcliffe Ward, in the east end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is located across the Rideau River from the neighbourhood of Sandy Hill and is just to the south of Vanier. To the east of Overbrook is the former City of Gloucester. It was constituted as a police village in 1922 and was annexed by the City of Ottawa in 1950. Overbrook covers an area of 3.04 square kilometres and has a population density of 3,174 people per square kilometre (2011 Census). Overbrook's main street is Queen Mary Street, which runs from North River Road to St. Laurent Boulevard. Although predominantly a residential neighbourhood at Overbrook's south end is Coventry Road where commercial and office buildings are found along with a major shopping centre (St. Laurent Centre) at the intersection with St. Laurent Boulevard. The neighborhood of Overbrook is bounded on the north\n\nQuestion: What's Overbrook, Ottawa?", "output": "Overbrook is an urban neighbourhood situated in Rideau-Rockcliffe Ward, in the east end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "ICDDR,B (formerly known as the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh) is an international health research organisation located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Dedicated to saving lives through research and treatment, ICDDR,B addresses some of the most critical health concerns facing the world today, ranging from improving neonatal survival to HIV/AIDS. In collaboration with academic and research institutions over the world, ICDDR,B conducts research, training and extension activities, as well as programme-based activities, to develop and share knowledge for global lifesaving solutions. ICDDR,B is one of the leading research institutes of the Global South, releasing, according to the Thomson Reuters Web of Science, 18 percent of the Bangladesh's publications. ICDDR,B has a mix of national and international staff, including public health scientists, laboratory scientists, clinicians, nutritionists, epidemiologists, demographers, social and behavioural scientists, IT professionals, and experts in emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, and vaccine sciences. ICDDR,B is supported by about 55\n\nThe Vermont City Marathon (VCM) is an annual marathon in the city of Burlington, Vermont, in the United States, first held on May 28, 1989. The race is generally held on the Sunday of Memorial Day weekend, and attracts people from the New England area. It is produced by RunVermont, a not-for-profit organization. History The race was first held in 1989. The race record for men, set by Michael Khobotov in 2001, is 2:17:03. The women's record is held by 2023 champion Maegan Krifchin, who ran 2:33:40. In 2010, there were 2737 marathon finishers, 690 two-person teams and 706 three-to-five person teams. The VCM was the first marathon to incorporate relay teams which consists of 5 members. The 2020 in-person edition of the race was cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic, with all marathon registrants given the option of running the race virtually or transferring their entry to 2021 or\n\nAline Bernstein (December 22, 1880 \u2013 September 7, 1955) was an American set designer and costume designer. She and Irene Lewisohn founded the Museum of Costume Art. Bernstein was the lover, patron, and muse of novelist Thomas Wolfe. Early life She was born in 1880 in New York City, the daughter of Rebecca (Goldsmith) and Joseph Frankau, an actor. Joseph was a cousin of London cigar importer Arthur Frankau and thus, by marriage, of novelist and art historian Frank Danby, whom Aline recalled visiting as a child when Joseph Frankau was performing in London. Her family was Jewish. By the time she was 17, both of her parents had died and she was raised by her aunt, Rachel Goldsmith. Goldsmith had a theatrical boarding house on West 44th Street in New York City. Career Between 1916 and 1951, Bernstein would do set design, costuming, or both for 51 productions. Bernstein\n\nQuestion: What is Vermont City Marathon?", "output": "The Vermont City Marathon is an annual marathon in the city of Burlington, Vermont, in the United States, first held on May 28, 1989."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Millennium Dome Show was a multimedia theatrical performance created to commemorate the year 2000 in the Millennium Dome in London, England. The show was directed by Douglas Hodge, who wrote the show alongside English musician Peter Gabriel and English architect Mark Fisher. Fisher designed the show while Gabriel composed the music, later made available as his eleventh studio album OVO. Micha Bergese was the Artistic Director. The show was performed in the middle of the Dome, opened on 1 January 2000 and was performed 999 times before its closing on 31 December of that year. The stage and sets are now Toy Story Midway Mania at Disney's Hollywood Studios in Florida which Hodge assisted to develop. The Story of OVO The Story of OVO was released in the CD-shaped comic book which was part of the CD edition of the studio album OVO with the title \"OVO The Millennium\n\nCinf\u00e3es () is a village and a municipality in the northern district of Viseu, Portugal. The village proper has about 3,300 inhabitants. The population of the municipality in 2011 was 20,427, in an area of 239.29 km2. Its history is linked to the first king of Portugal, Afonso Henriques and several noblemen of his entourage, like the server Egas Moniz. In Cinf\u00e3es existed several fortified houses or towers like \"Torre da Ch\u00e3\" destroyed during the first half of the 20th century. It has an important heritage resource, especially the Romanesque churches such as St. Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o de Nogueira; Santa Maria Maior de Tarouquela, Igreja do Escamar\u00e3o, Ermida do Douro among many important others churches, specially dated to the Baroque period, like the one of S\u00e3o Pedro of Ferreiros de Tendais, and Santa Cristina of Tendais. The present mayor is Armando Mourisco, elected by the Socialist Party. The municipal holiday is June\n\nTineo (Asturian Tin\u00e9u) is a concejo (municipality) in the Principality of Asturias, Spain. It is situated on a small tributary of the Narcea River. It is the second-largest municipality in Asturias. It is bordered to the north by Vald\u00e9s, to the south by Cangas del Narcea, to the west by Villay\u00f3n and Allande, and to the east by Salas, Belmonte de Miranda and Somiedo. Mining, agriculture and stock-rearing have been the principal industries since the early 20th century. History Coat of arms Top left, Castle Tineo Top right, Coat of Arms from Garc\u00eda de la Plaza, the local Heroe Bottom left, Coat of Arms by the Cistercians Monastery in Castilla Bottom right unten, Coat of Arms by the Franciscans in the Monastery of Tieno middle, das Coat of Arms from the Count of Tineo Way of St. James The Way of St. James or Camino de Santiago named \"The Northern\n\nQuestion: What is Tin\u00e9u", "output": "Tineo is a concejo in the Principality of Asturias, Spain."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Vendobionts or Vendozoans (Vendobionta) are a proposed very high-level, extinct clade of benthic organisms that made up of the majority of the organisms that were part of the Ediacaran biota. It is a hypothetical group and at the same time, it would be the oldest of the animals that populated the Earth about 580 million years ago, in the Ediacaran period (formerly Vendian). They became extinct shortly after the so-called Cambrian explosion, with the introduction of fauna formed by more recognizable groups and more related to modern animals. It is very likely that the whole Ediacaran biota is not a monophyletic clade and not every genus placed in its subtaxa is an animal. This biological group is not widely recognized; credibility is limited by the expansive speculation needed to establish phylogenetic relationships between such ancient extinct groups. The hypothesis was formulated by the German geologist Adolf Seilacher, who even doubts\n\nEdvard Armas J\u00e4rnefelt (14 August 1869 \u2013 23 June 1958), was a Finnish conductor and composer, who achieved some minor success with his orchestral works (1904) and Praeludium (1900). He spent much of his conducting career at the Royal Swedish Opera in Stockholm, Sweden. Life Armas J\u00e4rnefelt was born in Vyborg, in the Grand Duchy of Finland, the son of General August Aleksander J\u00e4rnefelt and Elisabeth J\u00e4rnefelt (n\u00e9e Clodt von J\u00fcrgensburg). J\u00e4rnefelt studied with Ferruccio Busoni in Helsinki and with Jules Massenet in Paris. Both J\u00e4rnefelt and Busoni enjoyed a close relationship with Jean Sibelius, who was married to J\u00e4rnefelt's sister Aino. From 1905 J\u00e4rnefelt had a long career as conductor at the Royal Swedish Opera in Stockholm, beginning as repetiteur from 1905 to 1911 (he became a Swedish citizen in 1909); conductor 1911-1923 and chief conductor 1923\u20131933. Between 1932 and 1936 J\u00e4rnefelt was the artistic director and conductor of\n\nAndrew Hicks (born 10 August 1973) is an English professional snooker player. Nicknamed \"The Cream of Devon\", Hicks was a semi-finalist at both the World Snooker Championship and UK Championship in 1995, and the same stage at four other ranking tournaments. A Masters semi-finalist in 1996, he was ranked within the world's top 32 players between 1995 and 2000, and again from 2005 to 2007, but was relegated from the main tour in 2013. He regained a two-year tour card in 2019. Career Although a professional since 1991, Hicks first came to prominence in the 1995 World Championship, in which he reached the semi-finals, beating Steve Davis, Willie Thorne and Peter Ebdon along the way, but being blocked from the finals by Nigel Bond, 11\u201316. He has never reached a major final, but reached the semi-finals of the four BBC-screened events within 2 seasons \u2013 the 1994 Grand Prix, the\n\nQuestion: Who was Armas J\u00e4rnefelt?", "output": "Edvard Armas J\u00e4rnefelt, was a Finnish conductor and composer, who achieved some minor success with his orchestral works and Praeludium."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lucas Monteverde (born December 18, 1976) is an Argentine professional polo player with a handicap of 9 (formerly 10). He grew up near the town of 25 de Mayo, Buenos Aires Province, at the estancia El Rinc\u00f3n. The ranch is run by his father Lucas, and uncle Marcelo Monteverde, one of the world's most successful coaches. He is married to the Argentine model Loli Lopez and has two children. Monteverde has played polo since a very early age and turned professional with a 5-goal handicap travelling to Europe. Today, Monteverde, has grown into one of the world's finest defensive players, is well known for his outstanding work rate and horsemanship on the field. During his career, he played for teams including La Martina, Ellerstina & notably La Dolfina. Monteverde's first Grand Slam win was at the 2005 Veuve Clicquot Cowdray Park Gold Cup, where he was called in as a\n\nValiyaparamba (Malayalam: \u0d35\u0d32\u0d3f\u0d2f\u0d2a\u0d31\u0d2e\u0d4d\u0d2a) is a coastal island in Hosdurg taluk, Kasaragod district, Kerala state, India. Location Valiyaparamba is separated from the mainland by Kavvayi Backwater. It is located southwest of Cheruvathur and about from Bekal, Kasaragod, north Kerala. The island is approximately in size, and had a population of 11,917 in 1991. The island's main source of income is from agriculture and fishing. The island has 13 wards ruling by each ward member to leading the Valiyaparamba Panchayat. Geography Valiyaparamba is fed by four rivers and dotted with numerous little islands. Valiyaparamba, a hinterland separated from the mainland, is a noted fishing centre in the district. A Bekal Fort stands on a headland that runs into the sea. A National Waterway passes through the island. Education The island has seven primary schools, one higher secondary school. Transportation The island is separated from the mainland and accessible by transport boat service\n\nPrince Kasper Doenhoff (, , 1587\u20131645) was a Polish nobleman of Baltic-German extraction, a Reichsf\u00fcrst of the Holy Roman Empire and Governor of Dorpat Province within the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth. Upon converting to Catholicism, he became a trusted courtier and advisor to Sigismund III of Poland. Early life Doenhoff was the son of Gerhard von D\u00f6nhoff (1554-1598) and his wife, Margaretha von Zweiffeln (1555-1622). He was the brother of Ernst Magnus von D\u00f6nhoff (Governor of Parnawa) (1581-1642), Hermann von D\u00f6nhoff (1591-1620) and Gerhard von D\u00f6nhoff, Governor of Pomorze (1590-1648) and Anna von Maydel (1585-1639). Titles He became titular Governor of Dorpat (1627\u201334) (although already in 1625 the town had capitulated to Sweden and was never reobtained by the Poles); from 1633, Count of the Holy Roman Empire (along with Ernst and Gerhard von D\u00f6nhoff); Governor of Sieradz (1634\u201345); Court Marshal of the Queen (from 1639); and starosta of Wielu\u0144, Lauenburg (L\u0119bork),\n\nQuestion: Who is Kasper Doenhoff", "output": "Prince Kasper Doenhoff was a Polish nobleman of Baltic-German extraction, a Reichsf\u00fcrst of the Holy Roman Empire and Governor of Dorpat Province within the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alberic of Ostia (1080\u20131148) was a Benedictine monk, and Cardinal Bishop of Ostia from 1138 to 1148. He was born at Beauvais in France. He entered the monastery of Cluny and became its sub-prior and, later, prior of Saint-Martin-des-Champs, but was recalled (1126) to Cluny by Peter the Venerable, to aid in the restoration of discipline in that famous monastery. In 1131, he was Abbot of Vezelay in the Diocese of Autun, and held that office until he was made Cardinal-Bishop of Ostia by Pope Innocent II (1138). Immediately after his consecration Alberic went as papal legate to England. He was successful in his endeavours to end the war then raging for possession of the throne between the usurper Stephen of Blois and David I of Scotland, who had espoused the cause of Empress Matilda. He then called a legatine council of all the bishops and abbots of England, which\n\nMournful Congregation is a funeral doom metal band from Adelaide, South Australia, which was founded in 1993, and has included members of Chalice, Cauldron Black Ram and Esoteric. History Beginnings (1993\u20132009) During the 1990s the band released three demos; the last of these Tears From A Grieving Heart was re-released on vinyl in 2001. All of the band's demo releases were included, alongside their side of the split single with Worship, The Epitome of Gods and Men Alike, on the double CD The Dawning of Mournful Hymns released in 2002. Another 7\" split single with the band Stabat Mater, A Slow March to the Burial, was released in 2004. 2005 saw the release of the band's first LP release The Monad of Creation. Despite the LP's release date, some of the material dates back to the band's earliest period of recordings in 1994. In 2009, the band performed live for\n\n(born December 24, 1982) is a Japanese singer, actor, television personality, radio host and dancer. He is a member of the boy band Arashi. Aiba began his career in the entertainment industry when he joined the Japanese talent agency Johnny & Associates in 1996 at the age of 13. Prior to his debut as a singer with Arashi in 1999, Aiba started an acting career when he was cast as the lead role of Gordie for the stage play Stand by Me, which was based on the film of the same name. About five years after his debut as a singer with Arashi in 1999, he became one of the co-hosts of the variety show in 2004, making him the first member of Arashi to regularly participate in a variety show not primarily hosted by Arashi. Early life Aiba was born in Hanamigawa, Chiba as the first child of his\n\nQuestion: What is Mournful Congregation", "output": "Mournful Congregation is a funeral doom metal band from Adelaide, South Australia, which was founded in 1993, and has included members of Chalice, Cauldron Black Ram and Esoteric."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In the classification of the archaeology of the Americas, the Post-Classic Stage is a term applied to some Precolumbian cultures, typically ending with local contact with Europeans. This stage is the fifth of five archaeological stages posited by Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips' 1958 book Method and Theory in American Archaeology. The Lithic stage The Archaic stage The Formative stage The Classic stage The Post-Classic stage Cultures of the Post-Classic Stage are defined distinctly by possessing developed metallurgy. Social organization is supposed to involve complex urbanism and militarism. Ideologically, Post-Classic cultures are described as showing a tendency towards the secularization of society. Postclassic Mesoamerica runs from about 900 to 1519 AD, and includes the following cultures: Aztec, Tarascans, Mixtec, Totonac, Pipil, Itz\u00e1, Kowoj, K'iche', Kaqchikel, Poqomam, Mam. In the North American chronology, the \"Post-Classic Stage\" followed the Classic stage in certain areas, and typically dates from around AD 1200 to\n\nCornelis Bloemaert II (1603 \u2013 28 September 1692), was a Dutch Golden Age painter and engraver. Biography Bloemaert was born at Utrecht. He studied with his father, Abraham Bloemaert, his brothers Hendrick and Adriaan, and his father's pupil, Gerard van Honthorst. Though originally trained as a painter, he devoted himself primarily to printmaking, which he learned from Crispijn van de Passe. He went to Paris in 1630, where he made engravings from among others, Michel de Marolles's Temple des Muses, before going to Rome in 1633. His chisel can be recognised by the colours' richness and the smoothness of their transitions. Amongst his pupils were Michel Natalis and Gilles Rousselet. Some of his better known engravings are of Annibale Carracci's The Holy Family, Pietro da Cortona's Adoration of the Shepherds, and Rubens' Meleager. According to Houbraken he traveled to Rome, where he made prints of many Italian paintings. During 1664-1677,\n\nArthur Brian Sellers (5 March 1907 \u2013 20 February 1981) was an English amateur first-class cricketer, who played in 334 first-class matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club between 1932 and 1948, and later became a prominent administrator at the club. Career Sellers was born in Keighley, Yorkshire, England, and was a middle-order right-handed batsman of modest attainments, and close fielder. His cricketing significance relates almost entirely to his captaincy of the successful Yorkshire side, both before and after World War II. He played regularly for Yorkshire in 1932, and often captained the side in his debut season in the absence of the regular captain, Frank Greenwood. When Greenwood resigned at the end of that season, Sellers was appointed captain for 1933, and then held the post until 1948, when he retired. During Sellers' ten seasons of captaincy, Yorkshire won the County Championship six times, making him one of the most\n\nQuestion: Who is Brian Sellers?", "output": "Arthur Brian Sellers was an English amateur  first-class cricketer, who played in 334 first-class matches for Yorkshire County Cricket Club between 1932 and 1948, and later became a prominent administrator at the club."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Edwin Cameron (born 15 February 1953 in Pretoria) is a retired judge who served as a Justice of the Constitutional Court of South Africa. He is well known for his HIV/AIDS and gay-rights activism and was hailed by Nelson Mandela as \"one of South Africa's new heroes\". President Ramaphosa appointed him as Inspecting Judge of Correctional Services from 1 January 2020 and in October 2019 he was elected Chancellor of Stellenbosch University. Early life Cameron was born in Pretoria. His father was imprisoned for car theft and his mother did not have the means to support him. He therefore spent much of his childhood in an orphanage in Queenstown. His elder sister was killed when Cameron was seven. Cameron won a scholarship to attend Pretoria Boys High School, one of South Africa's best state schools, and reinvented himself, he says, \"in the guise of a clever schoolboy\". Thereafter he went\n\nThe Southern California Legends, known commonly as the SoCal Legends, were a team in the Continental Basketball Association. The Legends are owned and coached by former NBA player Gary Grant. They played their home games at Azusa Pacific University's Felix Events Center. They were formerly a part of the American Basketball Association, and in their first and only season there, they went 20\u20135 in their first season, made it into the playoffs, moved on to the Great Eight Tournament and made it to the championship game, where they were defeated by the Rochester Razorsharks, 117\u2013114. The team had planned to go to the CBA in 2006, but then realized that their new arena, Gilbert Sports and Fitness Center on the campus of California Lutheran University in Thousand Oaks, California was not going to be completed in time, so they decided in the end to begin play in 2007. In the\n\nThe Hotan River (also known as the Khotan River or the Ho-t'ien River) is formed by the union of the White Jade (Yurungkash) and Karakash (Black Jade) Rivers, which flow north from the Kunlun Mountains into the Taklamakan Desert in northern China. The two rivers unite towards the middle of the desert, some north of the town of Hotan. The river then flows northwards across the desert and empties itself into the Tarim River. Because the river is fed by melting snow from the mountains, it only carries water during the summer and is dry the rest of the year. Prior to construction of the Tarim Desert Highway in 1995, the Hotan river bed provided the only transportation system across the Tarim Basin. Wells In the mid-20th century, wells along the course of the river included (south to north): Hs\u00fceh-erh-ch'i-k'o-ma, Chi-la-mu-yeh-te-tao, Ai-k'o-t'i-ken, Ch'i-erh-ko-han-t'u-mu-shu-k'o, A-ya-k'o-wu-ssu-tan, Man-ta-t'u-mu-shu-k'o, Lo-tsa-pai-t'u-mu-shu-k'o, Yeh-ma-la-k'o-tao, Po-lo-ch'u-shih-kan, Hsi-t'i-pa-ku-t'an and\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Edwin Cameron.", "output": "Edwin Cameron is a retired judge who served as a Justice of the Constitutional Court of South Africa."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wilhelm Heinrich Roscher (12 February 1845, in G\u00f6ttingen \u2013 9 March 1923, in Dresden) was a German classical scholar. He specialized in studies of Greek and Roman mythology. He received his education at the Universities of G\u00f6ttingen and Leipzig, obtaining his PhD in 1868. While at Leipzig, from encouragement by Friedrich Ritschl, he along with fellow students Wilhelm Wisser, Richard Arnold and Friedrich Nietzsche, formed a student philological association in December 1865. Since 1871 he taught classes at the F\u00fcrstenschule in Meissen, and from 1882, served as vice-principal at the gymnasium in Wurzen. In 1894, he was appointed school rector. After his retirement in 1905 he lived and worked in Dresden. During his career, he travelled extensively in Europe, his research trips taking him to Italy, France, Dalmatia, Montenegro, Greece and Asia Minor. The economist Wilhelm Georg Friedrich Roscher (1817\u20131894) was his father. Written works He is best known for\n\nThe \"World's Largest Buffalo Monument\" is a sculpture of an American Bison located in Jamestown, North Dakota at the Frontier Village. It is visible from Interstate 94, overlooking the city from above the James River valley. The statue is a significant tourist draw for Jamestown and the source of its nickname, The Buffalo City. Description The sculpture is tall and long and weighs . It was constructed with stucco and cement around a steel beam frame shaped with wire mesh. The sculpture is complete in many respects of detail. It is sculptured after a male bison in mid-stride and is anatomically correct. History The sculpture was commissioned in 1959 by local businessman Harold Newman, designed by Elmer Petersen, Jamestown College Art Professor and sculptor, and constructed under Peterson's supervision by professional construction workers and community members. The final construction cost was approximately US$8,500 in 1969; a significant overrun from initial\n\nPro/DESKTOP (commonly referred to as Pro/D and formerly known as DesignWave) is a discontinued computer-aided design (CAD) program from Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC), that allowed users to design and model in 3D and create 2D drawings. It can transfer a 3D design into a 2D engineering drawing format and also create photo-realistic views using Album Views. It is part-compatible with Pro/ENGINEER, and uses the Granite kernel, but otherwise is a freestanding CAD system. Initially written by David Taylor in Cambridge, England, the original software is registered to Cyril Slug of the fictitious company Bimorcad Ltd. Dialog box 356 shows a picture of the author, wearing a red and black checked jacket sat on a wall, drinking a cup of tea outside his house. The software was built using Microsoft Visual C++ (Microsoft Foundation Class 4.X) and also software modules from D-Cubed to implement geometric constraint solution as well as parametric\n\nQuestion: What is Wilhelm Heinrich Roscher", "output": "Wilhelm Heinrich Roscher was a German classical scholar."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Miguel Adolfo Cubas Contreras (born December 2, 1964 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a well known Venezuelan actor. Biography Miguel Adolfo Cubas Contreras was born on December 2, 1964 in Caracas, Venezuela. He grew up in a conservative family. Cubas wanted to become a priest and he attended a Catholic seminar school with that purpose in mind, but he left the school after two years. He has admitted that later on as a teenager, he attempted to commit suicide. Personal life Adolfo Cubas has a daughter who was born in 1987. Adolfo Cubas divorced in 1998. In 2005, a brain tumor was removed that nearly ended his life. Once recovered, he had to endure criticism for having publicly thanked the former president Hugo Ch\u00e1vez for his help because the insurance did not cover the intervention and he could not pay for it, being Ch\u00e1vez the one who had him operated at\n\nBuriki One: World Grapple Tournament '99 in Tokyo, otherwise known simply as Buriki One, is a 3D competitive fighting game produced by SNK and released as a coin-operated arcade game in 1999. It is the seventh and final game developed for SNK's short-lived Hyper Neo Geo 64 hardware and like most games released for the platform, it has never been officially ported to home consoles. It was planned for release for the PS1 platform but was never officially released. Gameplay The control system uses two buttons for movement, keeping the player on a 2-D axis, despite the 3D arena. Pressing the left button moves the character in the left direction, pressing the right moves in that respective direction. Double tapping each button produces a dash in each corresponding direction for evasion and closing distance. Pressing both buttons makes the character block. By using the joystick, the player can execute attacks\n\nCocio is a chocolate milk drink produced in Esbjerg, Denmark. It is moderately popular in the rest of Scandinavia and, to a lesser extent in some US regions, namely New England. It is also available in the Philippines, Spain, the UK, the Netherlands and Poland. The new factory in Esbjerg was first used in 2002. The factory is 8,000 square meters, and contains Production and Administration. History Cocio was founded by Anker Pallesen in 1951. He and his wife began researching recipes in their own kitchen. In the beginning, the new factory produced 1,000 bottles a day. In 1976, he sold the company to The Borden Food Corporation in United States, but production continued in Esbjerg. In the mid-1980s, Cocio released a new 1 litre bottle, and the drink gained popularity in Denmark. In 1988, Cocio had the first commercial in Danish television. In 1989, the Cocio company bought its\n\nQuestion: Who is Adolfo Cubas", "output": "Miguel Adolfo Cubas Contreras is a well known Venezuelan actor."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Warm dark matter (WDM) is a hypothesized form of dark matter that has properties intermediate between those of hot dark matter and cold dark matter, causing structure formation to occur bottom-up from above their free-streaming scale, and top-down below their free streaming scale. The most common WDM candidates are sterile neutrinos and gravitinos. The WIMPs (weakly interacting massive particles), when produced non-thermally, could be candidates for warm dark matter. In general, however, the thermally produced WIMPs are cold dark matter candidates. keVins and GeVins One possible WDM candidate particle with a mass of a few keV comes from introducing two new, zero charge, zero lepton number fermions to the Standard Model of Particle Physics: \"keV-mass inert fermions\" (keVins) and \"GeV-mass inert fermions\" (GeVins). keVins are overproduced if they reach thermal equilibrium in the early universe, but in some scenarios the entropy production from the decays of unstable heavier particles may\n\nMurrayfield Wanderers Football Club is a rugby union side based in Edinburgh, Scotland, founded by the merger of Edinburgh Wanderers and Murrayfield RFC in 1997. Beginnings The club's roots were based on two clubs; Edinburgh Wanderers and Murrayfield RFC. Edinburgh Wanderers was the elder of the two clubs. For the history of these clubs see: Edinburgh Wanderers FC dated from 1868. Murrayfield RFC dates from 1971. A merger was proposed, and to facilitate this the Wanderers renamed in 1997, to allow the Murrayfield club to join in a merger. As part of the merger there was notable restructuring. The Scotman newspaper reporting: \"after Murrayfield RFC and Edinburgh Wanderers FC merged in 1997, the old clubhouse on Corstorphine Road was sold and the \u00a3300,000 proceeds invested in the new pavilion next to the main stadium. Public sports grants of \u00a3125,000 and \u00a3165,000 were made on the basis of a wider public\n\nSuperior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK, Th\u00e9odore's syndrome) is a disease of the eye characterized by episodes of recurrent inflammation of the superior cornea and limbus, as well as of the superior tarsal and bulbar conjunctiva. It was first described by F. H. Th\u00e9odore in 1963. Symptoms and signs Patients present with red eye, burning, tearing, foreign body sensation and mild photophobia. Upon examination, the conjunctiva appears inflamed and thickened, especially at the limbus. Pathophysiology The development and pathophysiology of SLK is not well understood, but appears to involve microtrauma of keratoconjunctival surfaces. This mechanical hypothesis is supported by the increased lid apposition of exophthalmic thyroid patients, who are known to have an increased incidence of superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis. Diagnosis Treatment First-line treatments include topical corticosteroids and artificial tears. For non-responsive cases, potential treatments include topical ciclosporin A, vitamin A, autologous serum and injections of triamcinolone. Surgical treatment options include thermocauterization of\n\nQuestion: What's Warm dark matter?", "output": "Warm dark matter is a hypothesized form of dark matter that has properties intermediate between those of hot dark matter and cold dark matter, causing structure formation to occur bottom-up from above their free-streaming scale, and top-down below their free streaming scale."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Goodby, Silverstein & Partners (also known as GSP) is an advertising agency based in San Francisco. History The agency was founded on April 15, 1983 as Goodby, Berlin & Silverstein by Jeff Goodby, Andy Berlin and Rich Silverstein. Andy Berlin left in 1992 and the agency was renamed. Goodby, Silverstein & Partners is now part of the Omnicom Group, Inc., an advertising holding company. The agency is based in San Francisco, CA. In 2015, after 32 years, Rich Silverstein and Jeff Goodby announced they were passing on the reigns of the creative department to Margaret Johnson, Executive Creative Director and Eric Kallman, Executive Creative Director. Margaret and Eric were also named to Adweek's Creative 100 list in 2015. Derek Robson was the President and Managing Partner from 2005 to 2023. As of May 2023, Leslie Barrett has been promoted to President after being a Managing Partner for 23 years at\n\nIn mathematics, an initial algebra is an initial object in the category of -algebras for a given endofunctor . This initiality provides a general framework for induction and recursion. Examples Functor Consider the endofunctor sending to , where is the one-point (singleton) set, the terminal object in the category. An algebra for this endofunctor is a set (called the carrier of the algebra) together with a function . Defining such a function amounts to defining a point and a function . Define and Then the set of natural numbers together with the function is an initial -algebra. The initiality (the universal property for this case) is not hard to establish; the unique homomorphism to an arbitrary -algebra , for an element of and a function on , is the function sending the natural number to , that is, , the -fold application of to . The set of natural numbers\n\nGo Ask Malice: A Slayer's Diary is an original 2006 novel based on the American television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The author, Robert Joseph Levy, also wrote the Buffyverse novel The Suicide King. The book's title references Go Ask Alice, a controversial book which was an account of drug abuse. In turn, that book's own title is a reference to the 1967 Jefferson Airplane song, \"White Rabbit\", which includes the lyrics, \"Go ask Alice when she's ten feet tall.\" Grace Slick wrote the song after noticing possible drug references in Alice in Wonderland. Plot summary Faith has always been a loner. Growing up in a broken home in South Boston, shuffled from relative to relative, her only companion was an imaginary friend named Alex, who helped her escape into a fantasy world of monsters and the supernatural, far from the real-life horrors of the waking world. Now, taken away\n\nQuestion: Define Initial algebra.", "output": "In mathematics, an initial algebra is an initial object in the category of -algebras for a given endofunctor ."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kevin David Walters (born 20 October 1967) is an Australian professional rugby league football coach and former player, who has been the head coach of the Brisbane Broncos in the National Rugby League (NRL) since 2021. Walters previously coached the Queensland State of Origin team, and the French Catalans Dragons in the British Super League. He has also commentated for Fox League in Australia. As a player, Walters was positioned at or and won a total of six rugby league premiership titles. He represented Australia and Queensland, mostly in the 1990s. Walters played for the Brisbane Broncos and the Canberra Raiders NRL clubs, Warrington Wolves in the British Super League, and the Ipswich Jets in the Brisbane Rugby League Premiership. Early life Walters was born in Rockhampton, Queensland in 1967 to parents Kevin (died 2010) and Sandra (died 2013), who had a total of five children, all male: Brett, Steve,\n\nThe Book of Zephaniah (, \u1e62\u0259fany\u0101; sometimes Latinized as Sophonias) is the ninth of the Twelve Minor Prophets of the Old Testament and Tanakh, preceded by the Book of Habakkuk and followed by the Book of Haggai. Zephaniah means \"Yahweh has hidden/protected,\" or \"Yahweh hides\". Zephaniah is also a male given name. Authorship and date The book's superscription attributes its authorship to \"Zephaniah son of Cushi son of Gedaliah son of Amariah son of Hezekiah, in the days of King Josiah son of Amon of Judah,\" All that is known of Zephaniah comes from the text. The name \"Cushi,\" Zephaniah's father, means \"Cushite\" or \"Ethiopian,\" and the text of Zephaniah mentions the sin and restoration of Cushim. While some have concluded from this that Zephaniah was dark-skinned and/or African, Ehud Ben Zvi maintains that, based on the context, \"Cushi\" must be understood as a personal name rather than an indicator\n\nHenry Barrett Tillman (born December 24, 1948) is an American author who specializes in naval and aviation topics in addition to fiction and technical writing. Tillman's most influential book to date is On Yankee Station (1987), written with John B. Nichols. It is a critical appraisal of naval aviation in the Vietnam War. According to Tillman, it was added to the US Air Force and Marine Corps professional reading lists, and at least one squadron took copies of the book with them to Operation Desert Storm as \"a reality check on tactics\". Biography Early life Born a fourth-generation Oregonian, descended from American pioneers, American Revolutionary War Patriots, Pilgrims (i.e. Priscilla Alden) and Pocahontas, Tillman was raised on the family wheat and cattle ranch. His younger brothers include a breeder of exotic animals and a Rhodes Scholar. In high school he was an Eagle Scout, won two state titles as a\n\nQuestion: What's Book of Zephaniah?", "output": "The Book of Zephaniah is the ninth of the Twelve Minor Prophets of the Old Testament and Tanakh, preceded by the Book of Habakkuk and followed by the Book of Haggai."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dan DiDio (; born October 13, 1959) is an American writer, editor, and publisher who has worked in the television and comic book industries. From February 2010 until February 2020, he was the co-publisher of DC Comics, along with Jim Lee. Wizard magazine recognized him as its first ever \"Man of the Year\" in 2003 for his work in the DC Universe line of comics. Career TV work Prior to joining DC Comics, DiDio worked in television, beginning in 1981. DiDio was a freelance writer and story editor for Mainframe Entertainment, specifically working on ReBoot and War Planets. DC Comics DiDio joined DC Comics in January 2002, as vice president\u2013editorial, as well as writer for Superboy (issues #94 to 100). He was promoted to vice president\u2013executive editor, DC Universe in October 2004. In 2006, DiDio began writing a weekly column called \"DC Nation\" which appeared on the end page of\n\nAbeyance (from the Old French meaning \"gaping\") is a state of expectancy in respect of property, titles or office, when the right to them is not vested in any one person, but awaits the appearance or determination of the true owner. In law, the term abeyance can be applied only to such future estates as have not yet vested or possibly may not vest. For example, an estate is granted to A for life, with remainder to the heir of B. Following A's death, if B is still alive, the remainder is in abeyance, for B has no heirs until B's death. Similarly, the freehold of a benefice, on the death of the incumbent, is said to be in abeyance until the next incumbent takes possession. The term hold in abeyance is used in lawsuits and court cases when a case is temporarily put on hold. English peerage law History\n\nWagga Wagga is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. The district has been held by MP Joe McGirr since the September 2018 by-election. Wagga Wagga is a regional electorate. It entirely covers two local government areas: the City of Wagga Wagga and Lockhart Shire. It also covers part of the Snowy Valleys Council, which was established following the merger of Tumut Shire and Tumbarumba Shire. History Wagga Wagga was created in 1894. In 1920, Wagga Wagga, Albury and Corowa was absorbed into Murray and elected three members under proportional representation. When proportional representation was replaced by single-member electorates in 1927, Wagga Wagga was recreated, with Matthew Kilpatrick, the Country Party candidate, winning the October election. According to the Wagga Daily Advertiser, it was a decisive vote against the continuance of the Labor government led by Jack Lang. Labor regained the seat\n\nQuestion: What is Abeyance", "output": "Abeyance is a state of expectancy in respect of property, titles or office, when the right to them is not vested in any one person, but awaits the appearance or determination of the true owner."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hvittingfoss is a village in the municipality of Kongsberg in Buskerud, Norway. Hvittingfoss has traditionally been associated with the manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products. History Prior to the municipal merger in 1964, Hvittingfoss was in Ytre Sandsv\u00e6r. Hvittingfoss borders Lardal and Hof. Hvittingfoss is located about 30 kilometers from Kongsberg. The river Numedalsl\u00e5gen runs through the village. The village population (2005) is 1,016. Industrial development was driven by the waterfalls of Hvittingfoss as far back as the 17th century. In 1651, there were reportedly five sawmills in the northern waterfall, called Nord-fossen. The royal privileges of Vittingfossen was given to the counts in Jarlsberg and Larvik. Industrialist Christian August Anker (1840-1912) developed H\u00f8nefoss Tr\u00e6sliberi which started its production of wood pulp in 1881. The pulp and paper group Edward Lloyd Limited, owner of Lloyd's Illustrated London Newspaper and the Daily Chronicle in London, operated huge paper mills in\n\nSelve Automobilwerke AG was a car maker located in Hameln (near Hannover, Germany). After World War I, the Northern German Automobile Works (), which made the Colibri car and the Sperber, was absorbed by the Selve firm, which was already producing Basse & Selve engines for the automotive industry. The first cars produced were the 24 horsepower 1.5 litre engine displacement and the 32 horsepower 2 litre model. The 40 hp 2090 cc model (which was later carried over to the 40 hp and 2352 cc) was also available in a sport version. Six-cylinder models of 2850 cc in engine displacement were produced in 1925 and the Selecta 3075 cc engine produced in 1927 completed the product line. Adolf Hitler was a fan of the automobile mark in the 1920s having a Green Selve 6/20 in which he was chauffeured around by his adjutant Julius Schaub. These automobiles were produced\n\nThe judicial system of Vietnam is governed under the Constitution of Vietnam, the Law on the Organization of People's Courts (2014), and the Law on the Organization of People's Procuracies (2014). Since Vietnam is a one-party socialist republic, the judiciary falls under the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam, and judges and procurators are all members of the Party. The judiciary is nominally accountable to the National Assembly of Vietnam, which is the highest institution of government power in the country. Structure The judicial system of Vietnam comprises the \"people's courts,\" military tribunals, and people's procuracies. The highest court in the country is the Supreme People's Court. Underneath the Supreme People's Court are three levels of courts: the superior people's courts (to\u00e0 \u00e1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ea5p cao), of which there are three; the provincial-level people's courts (to\u00e0 \u00e1n nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh), of which there are 63; and district-level\n\nQuestion: What is Hvittingfoss?", "output": "Hvittingfoss is a village in the municipality of Kongsberg in  Buskerud, Norway."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Chirine Njeim (born 4 October 1984) is a Lebanese alpine skier and long-distance runner. She represented Lebanon in the 2002, 2006 and the 2010 Winter Olympics, and the 2016 Summer Olympics. Biography Njeim started skiing at age 3. At 12, she went to France to train for 2 of years with a personal coach. She then moved to Salt Lake City in the United States in ninth grade, when she was 13, to attend the Rowmark Ski Academy, former home of U.S. Olympian Picabo Street. She went on to study at, and compete for, the University of Utah. Njeim married Ronny Kamal, a Lebanese-American management consultant, in 2012 - the couple first met when they were seated together on a flight from Beirut to the United States in 2009. Since marrying the couple have lived in Chicago. Whilst in Chicago Njeim took up running, completing the 2012 Chicago Marathon in\n\nJasminum sambac (Arabian jasmine or Sambac jasmine) is a species of jasmine native to tropical Asia, from the Indian subcontinent to Southeast Asia. It is cultivated in many places, especially West Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is naturalised in many scattered locales: Mauritius, Madagascar, the Maldives, Christmas Island, Chiapas, Central America, southern Florida, the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and the Lesser Antilles. Jasminum sambac is a small shrub or vine growing up to in height. It is widely cultivated for its attractive and sweetly fragrant flowers. The flowers may be used as a fragrant ingredient in perfumes and jasmine tea. It is the national flower of the Philippines, where it is known as sampaguita, as well as being one of the three national flowers of Indonesia, where it is known as melati putih. Description Jasminum sambac is an evergreen vine or shrub reaching up to tall.\n\nThe Brazilian Catholic Church, or Catholic Church in Brazil, is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome, and the influential National Conference of Bishops of Brazil (), composed of over 400 primary and auxiliary bishops and archbishops. There are over 250 dioceses (both of the Latin and Eastern rites) and other territorial jurisdictions in Brazil. The primate of Brazil is Dom S\u00e9rgio da Rocha. The Catholic Church is the largest denomination in the country, where 123 million people, or 64.6% of the Brazilian population, were self-declared Catholics in 2010. These figures made Brazil the single country with the largest Catholic community in the world. In 2022, Catholics made up 68% of the population. History According to the tradition, the first Mass celebrated in Brazil took place on 26 April 1500. It was celebrated by a priest who arrived in the country along\n\nQuestion: Who is Chirine Njeim", "output": "Chirine Njeim is a Lebanese alpine skier and long-distance runner."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lohmar (Ripuarian: Luhme) is a town in the Rhein-Sieg district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Geography Lohmar is located about 20 km east of Cologne and 15 km north-east of Bonn in the Bergisches Land area. Because it is only 20 minutes by car to Cologne or Bonn, Lohmar is a popular place for commuters. The main part of the town area is at the course of the Agger, southern of Overath. History Lohmar was first mentioned as a donation of archbishop Sigewid to the church of Cologne. A farmyard in Lomereis mentioned. Lohmar is also mentioned on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris as a place of Napoleon's visit. While his inspection of the army positioned in the Rhineland in 1811 he lived in Schloss Auel in Lohmar. Politics Town council The town council consists of 40 members. The current breakdown after the local elections held on 13 September 2020\n\nCreid (; meaning \"Believe\") is the arranged soundtrack to Square's role-playing video game Xenogears. It was written by the game's composer Yasunori Mitsuda and performed by a musical ensemble dubbed Millennial Fair. It was released on April 22, 1998, in Japan by DigiCube, and re-released by Square Enix on June 29, 2005. Comprising ten tracks arranged from the Xenogears Original Soundtrack, the album is mostly done in Irish or Celtic music style, with minor influences of Japanese rock according to Mitsuda. Artists from Japan and Ireland were recruited for the project. Four of the five vocal tracks on the album were written by Junko Kudo and sung by Tetsuko Honma, while the title track \"Creid\" was written by Mitsuda and performed by Eimear Quinn. The album was well received by critics, who praised both the originality of the concept as well as the execution and track selection. The work on\n\nAir Marshal Sir Kenneth William Hayr, (13 April 1935 \u2013 2 June 2001) was a senior Royal Air Force commander who served as Deputy Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Strike Command and Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Commitments). Early life and flying career Born in Whang\u0101rei, New Zealand, Hayr was educated at Auckland Grammar School. He joined the Royal New Zealand Air Force and was sent to the United Kingdom to attend the RAF College Cranwell, graduating in 1957. Hayr was Officer Commanding No. 228 Operational Conversion Unit at RAF Coningsby during the introduction of the F4 Phantom and subsequent training of No. 6 and No. 54 Squadrons. He was then appointed Officer Commanding No. 1 Squadron in 1970. The following year, he married Joyce Gardiner: they had three sons. Hayr served as Station Commander at RAF Binbrook in Lincolnshire in 1974. He attended the Royal College of Defence Studies, after\n\nQuestion: Who is Kenneth Hayr", "output": "Air Marshal Sir Kenneth William Hayr, was a senior Royal Air Force commander who served as Deputy Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Strike Command and Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Marshall Strickland (born March 1, 1983) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball at Indiana University for four years from 2002 to 2006. He is originally from Kingston, Massachusetts and went to Winchendon Prep in Winchendon before transferring to South Carroll High School in Carroll County, Maryland. He is tall and weighs . He is the son of Marshall and Joanna Strickland, and younger brother of former Maryland Terrapins star Marche Strickland. Marshall is a graduate of the University of Maryland School of Dentistry in 2017. College career As a senior, coach Mike Davis started him in every game for which he was healthy. He averaged 11.9 points per game, third on the team behind Robert Vaden and Marco Killingsworth. He was first in minutes per game with 34.5 and first in FT percentage shooting 94%. As a junior, he started in 28 out of 29\n\nA media consultant is a marketing agent or public relations executive that is hired by businesses or political candidates to obtain positive press coverage. Media consultants usually draft press releases to highlight positive achievements of a business, organization, or individual, and prepare subjects for interviews with the media. In politics, media consultants create advertisement campaigns to plant a desired image in the minds of voters. Alternatively, a media consultant is also a person or company that enables media organizations to develop their businesses. An example where a consultant would be needed is a company that is moving its print business online. Consulting firms such as Bain, McKinsey & Company, and Boston Consulting Group have media, technology, and entertainment practices. Media consultants at management consulting firms seek to address issues facing the industry such as strengthening operational efficiency, brand strategy, digital media strategies, and business technology. Media consultants are often employed\n\nDarbandokeh (, ) is a village in Erbil Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located in the Shaqlawa District. In the village, there was a church of Mar Quryaqos. Etymology The name of the village is derived from \"enclosed place\" in Kurdish. History Darbandokeh was founded in 1928 by Assyrians from the refugee camp at Baqubah in the aftermath of the Assyrian genocide in the First World War, most of whom belonged to the Nochiya clan from Shemsdin in the Hakkari mountains in Turkey. By 1938, the village was inhabited by 108 Assyrians in 15 families. In 1963, amidst the First Iraqi\u2013Kurdish War, Darbandokeh was attacked and its Assyrian population was either killed or expelled by pro-government Kurds, who subsequently resettled the village; the church of Mar Quryaqos was also destroyed. Notable people Dinkha IV (1935\u20132015), Catholicos-Patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East Emanuel Kamber (b. 1949), Assyrian-American\n\nQuestion: What is Darbandokeh", "output": "Darbandokeh is a village in Erbil Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Heaven Cent is a fantasy novel by American writer Piers Anthony, the eleventh book of the Xanth series. It is the second book of a trilogy beginning with Vale of the Vole and ending with Man from Mundania. Plot introduction The protagonist of Heaven Cent is Prince Dolph, shapeshifting son of King Dor and Queen Irene and younger brother of Princess Ivy. The story begins with Dolph, a pre-teen, setting out on a Quest with his designated Adult Companion Marrow Bones to locate the magician Humfrey, who had been missing since Vale of the Vole. Plot summary The story begins with Prince Dolph lying in his sister, Ivy's, bed watching her magical tapestry which shows images from the past and present of Xanth. Dolph is the son of King Dor and Queen Irene, and he has the powerful talent of being able to shapeshift, giving him the power to change\n\nJames Hartness (September 3, 1861 \u2013 February 2, 1934) was an American inventor, mechanical engineer, entrepreneur, amateur astronomer, and politician who served as the 58th governor of Vermont from 1921 to 1923. Early life and education Hartness was born in Schenectady, New York, one of three sons of John William Hartness and Ursilla (Jackson) Hartness. His family moved to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1863 where his father worked as a foreman in the city's machine shops. Hartness was educated in the public schools of Cleveland until he was sixteen, when he became an apprentice machinist. Career Hartness worked up through the ranks in machine shops in Connecticut before moving to Springfield, Vermont. He became one of the nation's first aviators and became a one-term governor of the state of Vermont. He had two daughters, Anna and Helen. His daughter, Helen (Helen Hartness Flanders), was a noted folk song collector who married\n\nFlat Flexible Cable (FFC) refers to any variety of electrical cable that is both flat and flexible, with flat solid conductors. A flexible flat cable is a type of flexible electronics. However, the term FFC usually refers to the extremely thin flat cable often found in high-density electronic applications like laptops and cell phones. Overview Sometimes the term FPC (flexible printed circuit) is even\u2014somewhat inaccurately\u2014used for any type of FFC; however, this is more accurately used to describe etched or printed circuits that incorporate components and are built onto a flexible material. FFCs are usually straight connections without any components. FFC is a miniaturized form of ribbon cable, which is also flat and flexible. The cable usually consists of a flat, flexible plastic film base with multiple flat metallic conductors bonded to one surface. Often, each end of the cable is reinforced with a stiffener to make insertion easier or\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Flexible flat cable is.", "output": "Flat Flexible Cable refers to any variety of electrical cable that is both flat and flexible, with flat solid conductors."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A calavera (Spanish \u2013 for \"skull\"), in the context of Day of the Dead, is a representation of a human skull or skeleton. The term is often applied to edible or decorative skulls made (usually with molds) from either sugar (called Alfe\u00f1iques) or clay, used in the Mexican celebration of the Day of the Dead () and the Roman Catholic holiday All Souls' Day. Calavera can also refer to any artistic representations of skulls or skeletons, such as those in the prints of Jos\u00e9 Guadalupe Posada, or to gifts or treats in relation to the Day of the Dead. Some widely known calaveras are created with cane sugar, decorated with items such as colored foil, icing, beads, and sometimes objects such as feathers. They range in multiple colors. Traditional methods for producing sugar skulls with molds have been in use for a long time, though the first known mention of\n\nGeoff Fox (born July 26, 1950) is an Emmy Award-winning American television broadcast meteorologist, with his career and expertise the industry covering 4 decades. For 27 years of his career he was at the television station WTNH in New Haven, Connecticut, where he started in 1984 and was senior meteorologist until 2011, and later with WTIC-TV in Hartford, Connecticut, where he was the weeknight 5:00 and 11:00 p.m. meteorologist, reported science and technology stories for the 4:00 p.m. newscast and was host for a garden segment titled \"Geoff's Garden\". Fox, a New York City native graduated from Brooklyn Technical High School. He received a certificate in broadcast meteorology from Mississippi State University and holds a broadcast seal from the American Meteorological Society. Television. In May, 1984 Fox started his meteorology career for the television station WTNH in New Haven, Connecticut, where he was then promoted to \"senior meteorologist\". In 1995,\n\nElijah Clarke (1742 \u2013 December 15, 1799) was an American military officer and Georgia legislator. Career Elijah Clarke was born near Tarboro in Edgecombe County, Province of North Carolina, the son of John Clarke of Anson County, North Carolina. served in the Georgia Militia during the American Revolutionary War. When the state troops disbanded after the surrender of Savannah, he became a lieutenant colonel in the Wilkes County Militia. He fought in the southern theater and served under Col. Andrew Pickens in the Battle of Kettle Creek. He was one of three American commanders at the Battle of Musgrove\u2019s Mill, during which he was wounded. After the war, Clarke was elected to the Georgia legislature, serving from 1781 - 1790. In early 1794, he was asked if he'd be interested in leading a French invasion of Spanish East Florida, but the plot never materialised. Instead of invading Florida, Clarke led\n\nQuestion: Define Calavera.", "output": "A calavera, in the context of Day of the Dead, is a representation of a human skull or skeleton."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Redouane Bouchtouk (born December 19, 1976) is a boxer from Morocco who participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics for his native North African country. At these games he was stopped in the first round of the Light Flyweight (48 kg) division by Colombia's Carlos Jos\u00e9 Tamara. He then qualified for the Athens Games by winning the silver medal at the 1st AIBA African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Casablanca, Morocco. In the final of the event he lost to Ugandan fighter Jolly Katongole. At the first qualifier for the 2008 Summer Olympics he lost to Japhet Uutoni. At his second try he qualified for the Beijing Games, too, even though he lost in the final round to Thomas Essomba. In Beijing he lost his only bout to Paulo Carvalho. External links First qualifier results 2nd Qualifier 1976 births Light-flyweight boxers Olympic boxers for Morocco Living people Boxers at the 2004\n\nBattery Park City is a mainly residential planned community and neighborhood on the west side of the southern tip of the island of Manhattan in New York City. It is bounded by the Hudson River on the west, the Hudson River shoreline on the north and south, and the West Side Highway on the east. The neighborhood is named for the Battery, formerly known as Battery Park, located directly to the south. More than one-third of the development is parkland. The land upon which it is built was created by land reclamation on the Hudson River using over of soil and rock excavated during the construction of the World Trade Center, the New York City Water Tunnel, and certain other construction projects, as well as from sand dredged from New York Harbor off Staten Island. The neighborhood includes Brookfield Place (formerly the World Financial Center), along with numerous buildings designed\n\nInternational Justice Mission is an international, non-governmental 501(c)(3) organization focused on human rights, law and law enforcement. Founded in 1997 by lawyer Gary Haugen of the United States, it is based in Washington, D.C. All IJM employees are required to be practicing Christians; 94% are nationals of the countries they work in. IJM works to combat sex trafficking, child sexual exploitation , cybersex trafficking, forced labor slavery, property grabbing, and police abuse of power, and addresses citizenship rights of minorities. The bulk of IJM's work focuses on sex trafficking. IJM's close coordination with third-world police agencies and the resulting arrests and deportations of sex workers have generated criticism from human rights and sex worker organizations over its mission and tactics. History Founding The International Justice Mission was founded in 1997 as a faith-based non-profit by American lawyer Gary Haugen of the United States. In its first case, the organization aided\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Redouane Bouchtouk.", "output": "Redouane Bouchtouk is a boxer from Morocco who participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics for his native North African country."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Philadelphia Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra (PVCO) is a chamber orchestra that is located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1991 by Daniel Spalding. History and notable features Composed of some of the Philadelphia region\u2019s foremost musicians, the Philadelphia Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra was founded in 1991 by music director and conductor Daniel Spalding. Under his baton, the orchestra has performed numerous concerts in Center City Philadelphia, as well as in unusual venues throughout the region designed to reach new audiences. The orchestra\u2019s repertoire spans the Baroque to Modern eras. Programs often include new discoveries of less-known works, world premieres, and arrangements written especially for the Philadelphia Virtuosi, as well as standard repertoire, sometimes performed with creative visual effects such as special lighting or stage movement. Since 1996, the Philadelphia Virtuosi has been in demand outside of its home city and is often on the road. The orchestra has performed at\n\nThe Catholic Church in the Czech Republic () is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope, curia in Rome, and the Conference of Czech Bishops. Overview In the 2021 census, 741,000 people identified themselves Roman Catholics, another 8,309 people identified as Greek Catholics, and an additional 236,000 people described themselves as simply Catholics. Together, they represent over 9% of the Czech population. There are eight dioceses including two archdioceses. Additionally, there is a separate jurisdiction for those of the Byzantine Rite called the Ruthenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Czech Republic. The Catholic Church is the largest single religious denomination in the country. History Protestant Bohemia vs. the Habsburgs After the death of Jan Hus in 1415, the Czechs were mostly Hussite, a diverse sect which was considered heretical by the Catholic Church. The Hussite wars were fought over religious freedom in Bohemia as five\n\nThe Sacred Heart of Jesus Church is in Fontana, Gozo Island, part of the Maltese Archipelago. It is the parish church of Fontana, one of the smallest villages on the island. History The foundation stone was laid on 29 January 1893. The church was dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus on 29 January 1905 by Bishop Giovanni Maria Camilleri. The main altarpiece, showing the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, was crowned with a golden crown on 18 June 1993, by Bishop Nicholas J. Cauchi, on the occasion of the first centenary of the laying of the church's foundation stone. The main altarpiece is part of Giuseppe Cal\u00ec's works. The Fontana parish was established March 27, 1911 by Bishop Giovanni Maria Camilleri. The church building is listed on the National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands. See also Culture of Malta History of Malta List of Churches\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Sacred Heart of Jesus Church, Fontana is.", "output": "The Sacred Heart of Jesus Church is in Fontana, Gozo Island, part of the Maltese Archipelago."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alan Peter Roberts (born 1982), known professionally as Jim Noir, is an English singer-songwriter from Davyhulme, Greater Manchester. He has released five albums to date: 2005's Tower of Love, 2008's self-titled LP Jim Noir, 2012's Jimmy's Show, 2014's Finnish Line, and 2019's A.M. Jazz, as well as a number of EPs. Biography Noir's stage name is in homage to Vic Reeves, whose real name is Jim Moir. His early releases, including Tower of Love as well as all of the preceding EPs, were self-recorded at his parents' home in Davyhulme, Manchester. Noir's music has been described as psychedelic pop electronica with simple, often repetitive lyrics. Noir is a multi-instrumentalist, playing all the instruments on his work. He uses a band at performances. He played at the 2006 and 2008 South by Southwest music festival in Austin, Texas and is currently signed to Seattle-based indie label Barsuk Records in the States,\n\nRomer's tree frog (Liuixalus romeri) is a species of frog native to Hong Kong and a small portion of Guangxi, China. With an average snout-vent length of 1.5 \u2013 2.5 cm, it is the smallest amphibian recorded in the territory. Despite its common name, it belongs to the family Rhacophoridae, instead of the Hylidae. Description The female frog is slightly larger than the male. The body is tan brown, with the underside white. An X-like marking, made up of two crooked black lines, can be seen on the dorsum. Sometimes, the lines do not meet medially, thus leading to a chevron marking posteriorly. Underneath the X-like marking lies another upside-down V-like marking. The skin is peppered with fine granules. A distinct fold extends from the eye to the foreleg. Romer's tree frog has a triangular but blunt snout with brown-spotted lips. Between the eyes is a dark bar, which extends\n\nSimon Crane (born 1960) is a British stuntman, stunt coordinator, second unit director and film director. Biography Born in Twickenham, Middlesex, England. Crane was originally a law student, but not liking it, he dropped out after one year and worked as an acrobat in a circus for three years. To fulfill English requirements for stuntmen to achieve instructor level in six sports, Crane became an instructor in gymnastics, parachuting, scuba diving, high diving, karate, and fencing. When he could not obtain a union card as a stuntman fast enough, he became an instructor in three more sports, including hang gliding. His father, Dr. John Crane, was the doctor for Arsenal F.C and the England national football team. Career Crane's first major work came in the 1985 Bond film A View to a Kill. In 1987 he became Timothy Dalton's stunt double in The Living Daylights. He also played the character\n\nQuestion: Who is Jim Noir", "output": "Alan Peter Roberts, known professionally as Jim Noir, is an English singer-songwriter from Davyhulme, Greater Manchester."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Muhi al-Din Muhammad ( \u2013 3 March 1707), commonly known as ( ) and by his regnal name Alamgir I ( ), was the sixth Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1707. Under his emperorship, the Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent with territory spanning nearly the entirety of the Indian subcontinent. Aurangzeb belonged to the aristocratic Timurid dynasty, held administrative and military posts under his father Shah Jahan () and gained recognition as an accomplished military commander. Aurangzeb served as the viceroy of the Deccan in 1636\u20131637 and the governor of Gujarat in 1645\u20131647. He jointly administered the provinces of Multan and Sindh in 1648\u20131652 and continued expeditions into the neighboring Safavid territories. In September 1657, Shah Jahan nominated his eldest and liberalist son Dara Shikoh as his successor, a move repudiated by Aurangzeb, who proclaimed himself emperor in February 1658. In April 1658, Aurangzeb defeated\n\nA groin attack is a deliberate strike to the groin area of one's opponent. The technique can be quickly debilitating due to the sensitivity of the groin area and genitalia and is sometimes used as a self-defense technique. The technique is often banned in sports. Groin attacks have been popularized as a comedic device in various forms of media. In sports An attack to the groin in sports is considered to be a \"low blow\", not only in the literal sense, but is the origin of the metaphor as well. In a playful attack, or attack in the framework of a sport, a low blow is seen as unfair or improper and is often considered dishonorable. Strikes to the groin have been forbidden in boxing as far back as the Marquess of Queensberry Rules, and they are almost universally forbidden in martial arts competitions including kickboxing, and mixed martial arts.\n\nTragic Serenades is an EP by the Swiss extreme metal band Celtic Frost. It was released in 1986 and was an influence on the developing death metal and black metal genres. According to frontman Thomas Gabriel Fischer, the purpose of this EP was to include Martin Eric Ain's bass lines and improve on Horst M\u00fcller's original production of tracks from To Mega Therion. The EP was reissued in 2018, with 2,500 copies pressed for Record Store Day 2018. Overview The re-recorded version of \"Return to the Eve\" (the original version of which was featured on the Morbid Tales album) features Reed's habit of loudly goofing off during songs, with Reed loosely sharing lead vocals. Celtic Frost included this \"party-like studio jam\" of the song on Tragic Serenades as their \"first public display of light-heartedness\". Track listing Personnel Celtic Frost Thomas G. Warrior \u2013 vocals, guitar, effects, producer Martin Ain \u2013\n\nQuestion: Define Aurangzeb.", "output": "Muhi al-Din Muhammad, commonly known as and by his regnal name Alamgir I, was the sixth Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1707."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Salome Clausen is a Swiss pop music artist, best known for winning the 2005 second series of the music-based reality television show MusicStars. Whilst part of MusicStars, Clausen topped the singles chart twice, and be part of three album releases (all of which made the Swiss album top 20). After winning the show, Clausen spent three weeks at the top of the Swiss singles chart with \"Gumpu\", and saw her debut album ...Moji peak at number two. Clausen has since fallen out of the spotlight, however, and appears to be a one-hit wonder. In 2006 she chose to go back to her former life. She works now, like before her short singing career, as a hair stylist. In winning MusicStar, Salome beat out competition from talents such as Daniel Kandlbauer and Claudia D'Addio, who have both also had success in their post-MusicStar careers. Discography Singles \"Friends Forever\" (2005) (#1, Switzerland)\n\nElvira's Haunted Hills is a 2001 American comedy horror film directed by Sam Irvin and written by Cassandra Peterson and John Paragon. It is the second film starring Peterson in the title role (credited as Elvira), after the 1988 theatrical release Elvira: Mistress of the Dark. The film also stars Richard O'Brien and Mary Scheer. The film opened on the July 5, 2001 weekend at the Laemmle Fairfax Cinemas in Los Angeles after premiering at the International Rocky Horror Fan Convention on 23 June 2001. It was released direct-to-video on 31 October 2002. Plot In 1851 in the Carpathian Mountains of Romania, Elvira and her maidservant Zou Zou (Mary Jo Smith), on their way to a can-can revue in Paris, get kicked out of an inn for a slight monetary discrepancy. After making their way out of the village, they are rescued by Dr. Bradley Bradley (Scott Atkinson), who takes\n\nCebrene (), also spelled Cebren (), was an ancient Greek city in the middle Skamander valley in the Troad region of Anatolia. According to some scholars, the city's name was changed to Antiocheia in the Troad () for a period during the 3rd century BCE (see below). Its archaeological remains have been located on \u00c7al Da\u011f in the forested foothills of Mount Ida (modern Kaz Da\u011f\u0131), approximately 7 km to the south of the course of the Skamander. The site was first identified by the English amateur archaeologist Frank Calvert in 1860. History Foundation The earliest Greek archaeological remains found at Cebren date to the mid-7th and early 6th century BCE and were found together with indigenous pottery, suggesting that to begin with the city was a mixed Greco-Anatolian community. Writing in the early 4th century BCE, Xenophon implies that the population of Cebren ca. 400 BCE still consisted of\n\nQuestion: What is Elvira's Haunted Hills?", "output": "Elvira's Haunted Hills is a 2001 American comedy horror film directed by Sam Irvin and written by Cassandra Peterson and John Paragon."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Horayot (; \"Decisions\") is a tractate in Seder Nezikin in the Talmud. In the Mishnah, this is the tenth and last tractate in Nezikin, the ninth tractate in the Babylonian Talmud, and the eighth in the Jerusalem Talmud. It consists of three chapters in the Mishnah and two in the Tosefta. The tractate mainly discusses laws pertaining to erroneous rulings by a Jewish court, as well as unwitting actions performed by leading authorities of the Jewish people, and the sacrificial offerings (Hebrew korban, plural korbanot) that might be brought as a consequence of these actions. The conclusion of the tractate (12a-13b) deals with the prioritization of korbanot in the temple and explores the question of how to quantify human life in emergencies. Mishnah The Mishnah of Horayot is the final work of Nezikin. Horayot contains three chapters. There are twenty paragraphs of Mishna, or twenty mishnayot, within the three chapters.\n\nThe Kirk o' Shotts transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications site at The Hirst which lies just outside the village of Salsburgh which is near the town of Shotts in North Lanarkshire central Scotland. (Kirk o' Shotts means 'Church of Shotts' and takes its name from nearby Kirk o' Shotts Parish Church and Kirk o' Shotts Primary School both located as you enter the nearby village of Salsburgh.) History Construction It was built by BICC. Transmission The BBC 405-line television service in Scotland started from Kirk o' Shotts on 14 March 1952 using low power reserve transmitters (Marconi). Full service began on 17 August 1952 using the main high power transmitters (Vision EMI Type 5704, Sound STC Type CTS-12). The station provided a service to a potential 4.1 million viewers and operated on Channel 3 (Vision 56.75 MHz, Sound 53.25 MHz) and transmissions were vertically polarised. It subsequently became\n\nCrippled Lucifer is the only album by Burning Witch which is a compilation album of EP tracks. Its complete title is Crippled Lucifer (Seven Psalms for Our Lord of Light). It consists of three tracks taken from their Rift.Canyon.Dreams release (\"Warning Signs\", \"Stillborn\" and \"History of Hell\") and four tracks from their Towers... release (\"Sacred Predictions\", \"Country Doctor\", \"Tower Place\" and \"Sea Hag\"). It was first released on CD in 1998 on Southern Lord Records and Bad Acid Records. Bad Acid released the European digipack version of which only 2000 were made. Southern Lord handled the American release of which there were effectively three presses. The first pressing's cover was incorrectly printed so it was repressed. Then, it was pressed for a third time, this time with a different cover altogether. In 1999, it was released on cassette by Mystic Production. In 2008, Southern Lord reissued the album as a\n\nQuestion: What is Kirk o' Shotts transmitting station?", "output": "The Kirk o' Shotts transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications site at The Hirst which lies just outside the village of Salsburgh which is near the town of Shotts in North Lanarkshire central Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Santa Sabina College (abbreviated as Santa, Santa Sabina or SSC) is a multi-campus independent Roman Catholic, single-sex, early learning, primary and secondary day school for girls from Year 5 to Year 12; and a co-educational day school from early learning years through Prep to Year 4. Located on eight hectares in Strathfield, an inner-western suburb of Sydney; and on 97 hectares in , in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales, Australia; students are educated in the Dominican tradition. Established in 1894, Santa Sabina has a non-selective enrolment policy and as of 2007 catered to approximately 1,400 students. The College is owned by the Congregation of Dominican Sisters of Eastern Australia and the Solomon Islands and located within the Archdiocese of Sydney. The College is affiliated with the Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia (AHISA), the Junior School Heads Association of Australia (JSHAA) and an affiliate member of\n\nThe Bedford Whigs (or Bedfordites) were an 18th-century British political faction, led by John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford. Other than Bedford himself, notable members included John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich; Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Gower; Richard Rigby, who served as principal Commons manager for the group; Thomas Thynne, 3rd Viscount Weymouth; Edward Thurlow; and George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough History The Bedfordites emerged as a specific faction in the wake of Bedford's dismissal as Secretary of State in 1751. Initially, Bedford opposed the ministry, dominated by the Old Corps Whigs led by Prime Minister Henry Pelham and his brother the Duke of Newcastle. Following Pelham's death in 1754, Bedford aligned himself with Henry Fox, and after Fox became Secretary of State in late 1755, some of Bedford's followers accepted jobs in the new administration. When the Devonshire-Pitt ministry was formed in November 1756, Bedford gave it his\n\nJoanne Greenbaum (born 1953) is an American artist, known for her abstract paintings and small sculptures. She is based in New York City, and has previously worked in Neuk\u00f6lln in Berlin. Early life and education Joanne Greenbaum was born in 1953, in New York City. Greenbaum received her BA degree in 1975 from Bard College, where she studied under the direction of Elizabeth Murray. Work Greenbaum has exhibited her artwork internationally at places such as MoMA PS1, the Kusthalle D\u00fcsseldorf, the Nerman Museum of Contemporary Art, and the Haus Konstruktiv, among others. Art critic John Yau writes of Greenbuam's process: \"Working within a smaller surface area, and in her own words, doing 'just one thing' at a time, Greenbaum paints incrementally, adding a new layer upon whatever preceded it.\" Greenbaum uses mixed media some of which is not conventional, including oil paint, acrylic paint, magic marker, and others. Her paintings\n\nQuestion: Define Bedfordite.", "output": "The Bedford Whigs were an 18th-century British political faction, led by John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Max Merkel (7 December 1918 \u2013 28 November 2006) was an Austrian footballer who played international football for both Germany and Austria as a defender. At club level, he played for Rapid Wien, Wiener SC, and Luftwaffen SV Markersdorf. Managerial honours Rapid Wien Austrian League: 1956\u201357 1860 Munich Bundesliga: 1965\u201366 DFB-Pokal: 1963\u201364 European Cup Winners' Cup: Runners-up: 1964\u201365 1. FC N\u00fcrnberg Bundesliga: 1967\u201368 Atl\u00e9tico Madrid Copa del General\u00edsimo: 1971\u201372 Spanish League: 1972\u201373 References 1918 births 2006 deaths Austrian men's footballers Austria men's international footballers Austrian expatriate sportspeople in Spain Sevilla FC managers Austrian football managers Atl\u00e9tico Madrid managers Austrian people of German descent La Liga managers HBS Craeyenhout football managers Netherlands national football team managers Wiener Sport-Club players SK Rapid Wien players SK Rapid Wien managers FC Z\u00fcrich managers FC Schalke 04 managers Borussia Dortmund managers TSV 1860 Munich managers 1. FC N\u00fcrnberg managers Karlsruher SC managers FC Augsburg managers\n\nAmateur astronomy is a hobby where participants enjoy observing or imaging celestial objects in the sky using the unaided eye, binoculars, or telescopes. Even though scientific research may not be their primary goal, some amateur astronomers make contributions in doing citizen science, such as by monitoring variable stars, double stars, sunspots, or occultations of stars by the Moon or asteroids, or by discovering transient astronomical events, such as comets, galactic novae or supernovae in other galaxies. Amateur astronomers do not use the field of astronomy as their primary source of income or support, and usually have no professional degree in astrophysics or advanced academic training in the subject. Most amateurs are hobbyists, while others have a high degree of experience in astronomy and may often assist and work alongside professional astronomers. Many astronomers have studied the sky throughout history in an amateur framework; however, since the beginning of the twentieth\n\nBahdinan or Badinan was one of the most powerful and enduring Kurdish principalities. It was founded by Baha-al-Din originally from \u015eemz\u00eenan area in Hakkari in sometime between 13th or 14th century CE. The capital of this emirate was Amadiya for a long time. The rulers of the Bahdinan emirate governed over the Emirate since the Abbasid Empire, an early dynasty in Islamic history. It was centered in the town of Amadiya (or Am\u00ead\u00ee) in the present-day Dahuk province in Iraqi Kurdistan. According to Evliya Celebi the principality was divided into the following districts: Aqra, Zakho, Shikhoyi, Duhok, Zibari, and Muzuri. The districts were autonomous units under their own rulers who were appointed by the Khan of Amadiya. In addition to this, there were tribal chieftains with formalized positions (for example, the chiefs of the Sindi and Silvane tribes needed confirmation from the ruler of Zakho). The principality reached its peak\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Bahdinan is.", "output": "Bahdinan or Badinan was one of the most powerful and enduring Kurdish principalities."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Fearless Records is an American independent record label that was founded in 1994. Fearless is based in Culver City, California, and is best known for its early pop punk moments captured in the Fearless Flush Sampler and Punk Bites releases, as well as additional releases by bands such as Bigwig and Dynamite Boy; and later Sugarcult; Plain White T's; The Aquabats; Amely; and post-hardcore releases by At the Drive-In and Anatomy of a Ghost. However, the label has experimented with different styles in recent years. Acts such as Blessthefall, The Word Alive, Ice Nine Kills, Mayday Parade, Pierce The Veil, Starset, The Pretty Reckless, Underoath and The Color Morale have showcased post-hardcore, metalcore, hard rock and alternative rock bands that have emerged in recent years. Fearless Records' releases were distributed in the US by RED Distribution, but after Concord Music Group's purchase of the label in 2015, it is now\n\nLoch Awe railway station is a railway station serving the village of Lochawe, on the northern bank of Loch Awe, in western Scotland. This station is on the Oban branch of the West Highland Line, originally part of the Callander and Oban Railway. It is sited from Callander via Glen Ogle, between Dalmally and Falls of Cruachan. ScotRail manage the station and operate all services. History This station was opened on 1 July 1880 by the Callander and Oban Railway when it opened the to section of line. The station originally had one platform on a passing loop with sidings on both sides of the line, but a second platform, on the north side of the loop, was brought into use on 5 May 1902. On 8 August 1897, the station building was destroyed by fire. A camping coach was also positioned here by the Scottish Region from 1952 to\n\nJodi Leigh Miller is an American female bodybuilder and figure competitor. Biography Miller, a bodybuilder and figure competitor, was born in Chicago, Illinois on November 8, 1972, and currently resides in Dallas, Texas. She graduated from the University of Texas at Austin with a BA in English and a Secondary Teaching Certification, and earned certification as a personal trainer from the Cooper Institute in Dallas. In the mid-1990s, her interest in powerlifting led her to try her hand in competition. She won first place in her first two powerlifting appearances, and began to consider competing in other fields. She is also an accomplished kickboxer. By the early 2000s she had been successful in sporting challenges and turned to bodybuilding, along with fitness and figure competition. In 2001, Miller began competing in events for the NPC, an affiliate of the IFBB and the largest amateur bodybuilding organization in the United States.\n\nQuestion: What's Jodi Leigh Miller?", "output": "Jodi Leigh Miller is an American female bodybuilder and figure competitor."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Frank William \"Menty\" Keaney (June 5, 1886 \u2013 October 10, 1967) was an American football, basketball, and baseball coach and college athletics administrator. As a college men's basketball coach, he was known as the architect of modern \"run-and-shoot\" basketball and the inventor of the fast break. Keaney was a native of Boston, Massachusetts, and attended Cambridge Latin School, graduating in 1906. He graduated from Bates College, where he played several sports, in 1911. He was the head football coach at Everett High School in Massachusetts from 1917 to 1919. He coached at Rhode Island State College (now the University of Rhode Island) from 1920 to 1948 and taught a style of basketball using a fast-breaking offense and a full-court defense. In his 28 years at Rhode Island, Keaney's basketball Rams won eight conference championships and had only one losing season. In 1939, Keaney's Rams became the first college team to\n\nAndrey Andreyevich Markov (14 June 1856 \u2013 20 July 1922) was a Russian mathematician best known for his work on stochastic processes. A primary subject of his research later became known as the Markov chain. He was also a strong, close to master-level chess player. Markov and his younger brother Vladimir Andreevich Markov (1871\u20131897) proved the Markov brothers' inequality. His son, another Andrey Andreyevich Markov (1903\u20131979), was also a notable mathematician, making contributions to constructive mathematics and recursive function theory. Biography Andrey Markov was born on 14 June 1856 in Russia. He attended the St. Petersburg Grammar School, where some teachers saw him as a rebellious student. In his academics he performed poorly in most subjects other than mathematics. Later in life he attended Saint Petersburg Imperial University (now Saint Petersburg State University). Among his teachers were Yulian Sokhotski (differential calculus, higher algebra), Konstantin Posse (analytic geometry), Yegor Zolotarev (integral\n\nWayne Towne Center is a regional shopping center located in Wayne, New Jersey, in the New York City metropolitan area, adjacent to Willowbrook Mall along Willowbrook Boulevard. As of 2008, the mall had a gross leasable area of . The center formerly operated as an indoor shopping mall from the time when JCPenney was built, in the late 1980s, until its de-malling in 2008. The inner portion of the mall, which had one floor has since been demolished. The center is anchored by JCPenney, Costco, Dick's Sporting Goods, Nordstrom Rack, and UFC Fit. Of the five anchors, JCPenney has been there the longest as it was built along with the original mall. Costco had previously been located in a former Price Club in another shopping center across Willowbrook Boulevard, and decided to move to Wayne Towne Center and its own building when its lease expired. Dick's had long been attached\n\nQuestion: Who is Andrey Markov?", "output": "Andrey Andreyevich Markov was a Russian mathematician best known for his work on stochastic processes."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tana Qirqos (variantly spelled Tana Kirkos; also called Tana Chirqos or Tana Chirkos, etc.; Ge'ez: \u1323\u1293 \u1242\u122d\u1246\u1235 \u1e6d\u0101n\u0101 qirqos, \u1323\u1293 \u132a\u122d\u1246\u1235 \u1e6d\u0101n\u0101 \u010d\u0323irqos) is an island in the eastern part of Lake Tana in Ethiopia, near the mouth of the Gumara River, having a latitude and longitude of . It is considered a holy island, and only monks of the Ethiopian Church live there. The monks believe that the island was once the resting place of the Ark of the Covenant. According to tradition, the Ark was placed there by Emperor Ezana, the first Ethiopian sovereign to convert to Christianity, and it remained on the island until it was transported to Mary of Zion church in Axum. Graham Hancock has speculated that the Ark was carried from Elephantine by the Jewish garrison on the island, around the 5th century BC. However, some specialists consider the theory unfounded. When R.E. Cheesman\n\nThe Women's Royal Australian Naval Service (WRANS) was the women's branch of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). In 1941, fourteen members of the civilian Women's Emergency Signalling Corps (WESC) were recruited for wireless telegraphy work at the Royal Australian Navy Wireless/Transmitting Station Canberra, as part of a trial to free up men for service aboard ships. Although the RAN and the Australian government were initially reluctant to support the idea, the demand for seagoing personnel imposed by the Pacific War saw the WRANS formally established as a women's auxiliary service in 1942. The surge in recruitment led to the development of an internal officer corps. Over the course of World War II, over 3,000 women served in the WRANS. The organisation was disbanded in 1947, but was reestablished in 1951 in response to the manpower demand caused by Cold War commitments. In 1959, the WRANS was designated a permanent part\n\nIn the United States, the paramedic is a allied health professional whose primary focus is to provide advanced emergency medical care for patients who access Emergency Medical Services (EMS). This individual possesses the complex knowledge and skills necessary to provide patient care and transportation. Paramedics function as part of a comprehensive EMS response under physician medical direction. Paramedics often serve in a prehospital role, responding to Public safety answering point (9-1-1) calls in an ambulance. The paramedic serves as the initial entry point into the health care system. A standard requirement for state licensure involves successful completion of a nationally accredited Paramedic program at the certificate or associate degree level. History Prior to 1970, ambulances were staffed with advanced first-aid level responders who were frequently referred to as \"ambulance attendants.\" There was little regulation or standardized training for those staffing these early emergency response vehicles or the required equipment carried\n\nQuestion: Define Paramedics in the United States.", "output": "In the United States, the paramedic is a allied health professional whose primary focus is to provide advanced emergency medical care for patients who access Emergency Medical Services."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Pierre Marteau (French for Peter Hammer) was the imprint of a supposed publishing house. Allegedly located in Cologne from the 17th century onward, contemporaries were well-aware that such a publishing house never actually existed. Instead, the imprint was a fiction under which publishers and printers \u2014 in the Netherlands, France and Germany \u2014 evaded the open identification with books they published. History Open pseudonym and political joke, spreading in the 1660s The first French-language Marteau books appeared in the 1660s and were immediately identified as not actually being published by a man named Pierre Marteau residing in Cologne. The name would have been that of a Frenchman who had opened his shop outside France yet close to the French border. Cologne's geographical location smelled of political freedom \u2014 Marteau would avoid France's censorship by publishing outside France; Cologne promised access to the European market and the chance to get a\n\nAndrijana Janevska (, born December 6, 1981) is a Macedonian singer and musician. Biography Janevska was born in Skopje, SR Macedonia, Yugoslavia where she currently works and lives. Her occupation is a violinist for the Macedonian National Opera. In addition to her musical talents, Andrijana also enjoys playing chess as a hobby. She is also proficient in playing the piano and her first composition was created at the age of 11. Andrijana started her studies in the School Centre for Music Education in Skopje at the age of 6, and recently finished her master studies at the Faculty of Arts in Skopje. Andrijana Janevska's talent was first exposed to the public in 1998, when she took part in SkopjeFest. In October the next year, Andrijana was voted the best newcomer in the annual Makfest festival in Stip. At the festival, she sang a sensual ballad called \"Ne mozam da zaljubam\n\nHilchenbach () is a town in the Siegen-Wittgenstein Kreis (district) of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Geography Location Hilchenbach is about northeast of Siegen. The town borders in the south on Netphen, in the west on Kreuztal, in the north on Kirchhundem and in the east on Erndtebr\u00fcck. Geology The town's largest flowing body of water is the Ferndorfbach, a tributary to the river Sieg. The municipal area's average elevation is above sea level, with its highest elevation being at at the Riemen, a peak in the Rothaargebirge. Constituent communities The town is made up of the following centres: Allenbach, Dahlbruch, Grund, Hadem, Helberhausen, (Alt-)Hilchenbach (alt means \"old\"), L\u00fctzel, M\u00fcsen, Oberndorf, Oechelhausen, Ruckersfeld and Vormwald. The recent political unit of Hilchenbach was founded in 1969. History The town of Hilchenbach was first mentioned in documents in 1292, when it went by the name Heylichinbach in a donation document from Countess Agnes von\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Hilchenbach is.", "output": "Hilchenbach is a town in the Siegen-Wittgenstein Kreis of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rutalahti is a village in Leivonm\u00e4ki, since 2008 a part of the municipality of Joutsa in Central Finland. The distance to Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 is 40 km. The countryside festival Suo Anteeks has been organized two times, 2005 and 2009. Geography Rutalahti is located in the far western part of the old Leivonm\u00e4ki municipality, close to the borders with Toivakka and Korpilahti (since 2009 part of Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4). The village is located by the P\u00e4ij\u00e4nne and one of its bays, also called Rutalahti, however the bay is mostly within the territory of Toivakka and Korpilahti. History Rutalahti is named after the Rutalahti bay of P\u00e4ij\u00e4nne, originally held by the people of S\u00e4\u00e4ksm\u00e4ki as hunting grounds. As a village, Rutalahti was first mentioned in the 1540s. It was originally one of the villages of Vespuoli in Korpilahti, but was transferred to Leivonm\u00e4ki in 1936. The village became a part of Joutsa with the rest\n\nVefa SK is a football club in Vefa, neighborhood of the Fatih (Emin\u00f6n\u00fc between 1928 and 2008) district of Istanbul. The team currently competing at B\u00f6lgesel Amat\u00f6r Lig 8th Grup which is 5th level of Turkish leagues. Vefa SK is the first and only Turkish club coached by a female manager, \u00d6zg\u00fcr G\u00f6z\u00fca\u00e7\u0131k Aky\u0131ld\u0131z. History The club was founded in 1908 when Turkish football was legalized. The club was formed by the students from Vefa Idadisi (Vefa College), Saim Turgut Aktansel, Zeki (Baban), Hikmet (Barlan), R\u0131fat (Baban), Sudi Cavit (Oral), Tevfik (Kut), Yusuf Ziya and Sabri Beyler as Vefa Idman Yurdu. Following foundation of the Republic of Turkey, club's name change into Vefa Spor Klubu (Vefa Sport Club). They played in the Istanbul League until the establishment of the S\u00fcper Lig in 1959, for which they qualified. Vefa were relegated to the Second League (2. Lig) first time in 1962\u201363.\n\nThe Book of Isaiah ( ) is the first of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible and the first of the Major Prophets in the Christian Old Testament. It is identified by a superscription as the words of the 8th-century BCE prophet Isaiah ben Amoz, but there is evidence that much of it was composed during the Babylonian captivity and later. Johann Christoph D\u00f6derlein suggested in 1775 that the book contained the works of two prophets separated by more than a century, and Bernhard Duhm originated the view, held as a consensus through most of the 20th century, that the book comprises three separate collections of oracles: Proto-Isaiah (chapters 1\u201339), containing the words of the 8th-century BCE prophet Isaiah; Deutero-Isaiah (chapters 40\u201355), the work of an anonymous 6th-century BCE author writing during the Exile; and Trito-Isaiah (chapters 56\u201366), composed after the return from Exile. Isaiah 1\u201333 promises judgment and\n\nQuestion: What is Book of Isaiah", "output": "The Book of Isaiah is the first of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible and the first of the Major Prophets in the Christian Old Testament."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gregory James Nava (born April 10, 1949) is an American film director, producer and screenwriter. Personal life Nava was born in San Diego, of Mexican and Basque heritage. Nava graduated from St. Augustine High School in San Diego and attended film school at UCLA where he earned a Master of Fine Arts in 1976. At UCLA he directed the short film The Journal of Diego Rodriguez Silva (based on the life of Garc\u00eda Lorca), and for this work, won the Best Dramatic Film Award at the National Student Film Festival. Nava married Anna Thomas in 1975. They collaborated on many projects and had sons Christopher (born 1984) and Teddy (born 1985). They divorced in 2006. Nava married Barbara Martinez in 2013. Career The Confessions of Amans, Nava's first feature film, won the Best First Feature Award at the Chicago International Film Festival in 1976. Later, he came to the attention\n\nKate Fox is a British social anthropologist, co-director of the Social Issues Research Centre (SIRC) and a Fellow of the Institute for Cultural Research. She has written several books, including Watching the English: The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour. Biography Kate Fox is the daughter of anthropologist Robin Fox. As a child she lived in the UK, the United States, France, and Ireland. She studied for an undergraduate degree in anthropology and philosophy at Trinity Hall, Cambridge. In 1989 she became co-director of MCM Research Ltd., and continues to provide consulting services. She is now a co-director of the Social Issues Research Centre, based in Oxford, England. Recent topics include social effects of alcohol and the purposes of small talk. Fox is currently writing a book that \"examine[s] many aspects of 21st-century life and obsessions - including mobile phones, social media, online dating, shopping, celebrity, reality TV, computer games, selfies,\n\nThe Black Forest ( ) is a large forested mountain range in the state of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg in southwest Germany, bounded by the Rhine Valley to the west and south and close to the borders with France and Switzerland. It is the source of the Danube and Neckar rivers. Its highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation of above sea level. Roughly oblong in shape, with a length of and breadth of up to , it has an area of about . Historically, the area was known for forestry and the mining of ore deposits, but tourism has now become the primary industry, accounting for around 300,000 jobs. There are several ruined military fortifications dating back to the 17th century. History In ancient times, the Black Forest was known as , after the Celtic deity, Abnoba. In Roman times (Late antiquity), it was given the name (\"Marcynian Forest\", from the\n\nQuestion: What is Kate Fox", "output": "Kate Fox is a British social anthropologist, co-director of the Social Issues Research Centre and a Fellow of the Institute for Cultural Research."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "SM Town (stylized in all caps as SMTOWN) is a musical collective for the recording artists under South Korean entertainment company SM Entertainment. SM Town artists have performed at the annual SM Town Live world tours since the SM Town Live '08 Asia tour in 2008. As of 2014, the SM Town Live concert series had cumulatively attracted over 1 million audience members. Artists Discography Projects 2015\u201319: The Agit - Concert Series 2016\u2013present: SM Station Studio albums Compilation albums Single albums Single Concerts Concert tours SM Town Live '08 (2008\u201309) SM Town Live '09 (2009; canceled) SM Town Live '10 World Tour (2010\u201311) SM Town Live World Tour III (2012\u201313) SM Town Live World Tour IV (2014\u201315) SM Town Live Tour V in Japan (2016) SM Town Live World Tour VI (2017\u201318) SM Town Live 2022: SMCU Express (2022) Music festivals SM Smile Concert China (2002) SM Smile Concert (2003)\n\nSt Patrick's Grammar School (), Armagh, is a Roman Catholic boys' non-selective voluntary grammar school in the city of Armagh, Northern Ireland. The present-day school was officially opened on Thursday, 27 October, 1988, by the late Cardinal Tom\u00e1s \u00d3 Fiaich, the then Chairman of the Board of Governors, and was the result of the amalgamation of two of Northern Ireland's oldest grammar schools, Christian Brothers' Grammar School and St. Patrick's College, both of which had traditions stretching back as far as the 1830s. The school once again went through an expansion in 2014-2015, this time with the closure of St. Brigid's High School. The school moved away from academic selection with immediate effect, leaving St Patrick's the last Catholic Grammar School to abandon academic selection in the Armagh and Craigavon area, after St Michael's Lurgan ended academic selection after amalgamating with two other schools in Lurgan. Enrollment at St. Patrick's\n\nMadder Rose is a New York City-based alternative rock band who recorded in the 1990s. After a 20-year hiatus, a new album was released in September 2019. The band is fronted by Mary Lorson, who shares songwriting duties with guitarist Billy Cot\u00e9. The two singer/songwriters continued their collaboration after Madder Rose disbanded in 1999, Cot\u00e9 as guitarist and producer on Lorson's three albums with Saint Low, Lorson as guest vocalist on Cot\u00e9's Jazz Cannon album. Lorson and Cot\u00e9 have also created the original scores to several films, notably HBO's documentary What Remains: The Life and Work of Sally Mann, and in 2008, they released an album with Kathy Ziegler as the Piano Creeps. The name Madder Rose came from the herb-based paint rose madder. Many of their songs, including \"Panic On\" and \"Car Song\", were featured in John Peel's end-of-year round-up, the Festive Fifty, major feature films, and television shows.\n\nQuestion: What is St Patrick's Grammar School, Armagh?", "output": "St Patrick's Grammar School, Armagh, is a Roman Catholic boys' non-selective voluntary grammar school in the city of Armagh, Northern Ireland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mohammed Yaqub Ali (Urdu, ) (March 1912 \u2013 5 August 1994) was a Pakistani judge who was Chief Justice of Pakistan from 1975 to 1977. Early life and education Muhammad Yaqub Ali was born at Jalandhar in March 1912, received early education at Jalandhar. He did his graduation from Islamia College (Lahore) and Law from University of Punjab in 1936. He remained active in the Pakistan Movement and was Chairman of the Julundar Chapter of the All India Muslim League. Career In 1948, he started practicing at Lahore High Court. He was promoted to the High Court Bench in 1955 and in 1965 was elevated to the Supreme Court Bench. Justice Yaqub Ali was appointed the Chairman of the Karachi Airport Enquiry Commission in 1969 and in 1971 the Chairman of Special Court for Ganga Hijacking Case. In 1975, he led the Pakistan Delegation to the 7th World Peace Conference\n\nThe Greenhorn Mountains are a mountain range of the Southern Sierra Nevada, in California. They are protected within the Sequoia National Forest. Geography The range is located in eastern Kern County and Tulare County. They are east of the San Joaquin Valley, northeast of Bakersfield, and form the west side of the Kern River Valley. The range reaches an elevation of at Sunday Peak, located just south of Portuguese Pass. The lower Kern Canyon is a dramatic and deep canyon cut by the Kern River through the Greenhorn Mountains to the San Joaquin Valley. State Route 178 follows the canyon up to the Kern River Valley. During the Gold Strike of 1854 miners crossing the Greenhorn Mountains founded the town of Keyesville. Ecology The Greenhorn Mountains contain a variety of native California flora and fauna. One wildflower found here is the Yellow mariposa lily (Calochortus luteus), which is at the\n\nThe parore (Girella tricuspidata) also known as luderick, black bream, black snapper or blackfish is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea chub from the family Kyphosidae which is found in the southwestern Pacific Ocean off Australia and New Zealand. Parore or paraore is the common name in New Zealand but in Australia luderick is preferred. Description The parore was first formally described as Boops tricuspidatus in 1824 by Jean Ren\u00e9 Constant Quoy & Joseph Paul Gaimard with the type locality given as \"Shark Bay, Western Australia\". The parore has a moderately deep, compressed, oval shaped body with a thin caudal peduncle, It has a small head which has a slightly convex forehead, and small eyes. The mouth is small and does not extend as far as the eye. The jaws have an outer row of overlapping, flattened, tricuspid teeth beside a wide band of teeth of similar shape\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Muhammad Yaqub Ali.", "output": "Mohammed Yaqub Ali was a Pakistani judge who was Chief Justice of Pakistan from 1975 to 1977."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Reuben Gold Thwaites ( May 15, 1853 \u2013 October 22, 1913) was an American librarian and historical writer. Biography Thwaites was born in 1853 in Dorchester, Massachusetts. His parents were William George and Sarah Bibbs Thwaites, who had moved to Dorchester in 1850 from Yorkshire, England. The family moved to Omro, Wisconsin, in 1866, where Reuben worked on the farm, studied college-level coursework and reported for the Oshkosh Times. In 1874\u20131875 he studied English literature, economic history and international law at Yale University. Thwaites studied at Yale as a special student, and beyond that never formally studied at the collegiate level, although later in his life he was awarded an LLD from the University of Wisconsin. From 1876 to 1886, Thwaites was managing editor of the Wisconsin State Journal, at Madison. In 1885 he became assistant corresponding secretary of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, and when Lyman Draper retired\n\nDishwasher salt is a particular grade of granulated, crystalline sodium chloride intended for regenerating the water softener circuit of household or industrial dishwashers. Analogous to water softener salt, dishwasher salt regenerates ion exchange resins, expelling the therein trapped calcium and magnesium ions that characterize hard water. Dishwater salt granules are larger than those of table salt. The granule size ensures that the salt dissolves slowly, and that fine particles do not block the softener unit. Dishwasher salt is unsuitable for cooking as it is not considered food grade and therefore may contain toxic elements. In some countries, especially those in Europe, dishwashers include a built-in water softener that removes calcium and magnesium ions from the water. Dishwasher salt, which is coarse-grained sodium chloride (table salt), is used to regenerate the resin in the built-in ion-exchange system. The coarse grains prevent it from clogging the softener unit. Unlike certain types of\n\nThe Indonesia Institute of the Arts Yogyakarta (Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta, ISI Yogyakarta) is a state-owned college in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It teaches visual, performing, and media arts in traditional Indonesian and modern international styles. ISI Yogyakarta was ranked number one in Indonesia on the QS World's Top Performing Arts Schools in 2022. History ISI Yogyakarta was founded on 23 July 1984, replacing ASRI Arts Academy (founded in 1950), AMI Music Academy (founded in 1952), and ASTI Dance Academy (founded in 1961). It became the largest arts institution in the nation. Administration The Minister of National Education directly appoints its governing board, including president, vice-presidents, and deans. The institute delegates authority to the Senate, composed of professors, faculty members, and top administrative offices, who define the institute policy as a whole, determines and supervises courses and curricula, advises the administrators on budgets, faculty appointments, and promotions.\n\nQuestion: What's Dishwasher salt?", "output": "Dishwasher salt is a particular grade of granulated, crystalline sodium chloride intended for regenerating the water softener circuit of household or industrial dishwashers."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "James Durand (1799\u20131872) was a merchant and political figure in Upper Canada and Canada West. He was born in London, England, the son of James Durand. His brother was named Charles Morrison Durand. He represented Halton County in the 12th Parliament of Upper Canada and the electoral district of Halton West in the 1st Parliament of the Province of Canada. He also served in the Gore militia. Durand died in Kingston in 1872. Durand was a strong supporter of the Reform movement. In the first Parliament of the Province of Canada, he voted against the principle of the union of the two Canadas, and was considered an \"ultra\" Reformer. He consistently voted with Robert Baldwin, the leader of the ultra-Reformers in the Assembly, and was an opponent of the Governor General, Lord Sydenham. Durand was defeated in the general election of 1844 and retired from politics. References See also Becoming\n\nLake Norman High School is located in Mooresville, North Carolina. The school is a part of the Iredell-Statesville school system. The name of the school comes from nearby Lake Norman. In 2009, Lake Norman High School had the highest graduation rate of North Carolina public non-charter schools, with 95% of the senior class receiving a diploma. In June 2012, Lake Norman High School was recognized as a National Blue Ribbon Schools Program School of Excellence. Enrollment As of August 2020, Lake Norman High has over 1,885 students. In 2006, a new wing was added on to the school as the Freshmen Academy. Athletics Lake Norman High has sports teams that compete in soccer, tennis, golf, basketball, swimming, cross-country, track and field, lacrosse, football, wrestling, baseball, volleyball, softball, and cheerleading. The school has won state championships in cheerleading (2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022), women's lacrosse (2015),\n\nLee's Summit High School is a high school in Lee's Summit, Missouri, United States. It is located near downtown Lee's Summit on Blue Parkway, next to the intersection of U.S. Route 50 and Route 291. It is one of three high schools in the Lee's Summit R-VII School District. History The original building, built in 1953 using military surplus paint, has been added onto throughout the years. The first addition in 1963 was built to house freshmen and sophomores. Later, a Field-house and Performing Arts center were added (1963 and 1979 respectively). A corridor connecting the cafeteria and the \"B Building\" was then added (this glass hallway is referred to as \"the Breezeway\"). A major addition, including a lecture hall was completed during the 2000-01 school year. Recently, a weight room was added during the 2009-2010 school year. Academics Lee's Summit is an A+ designated high school. LSHS has received\n\nQuestion: Who is James Durand Jr.", "output": "James Durand was a merchant and political figure in Upper Canada and Canada West."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Muhammed Necati \u015ea\u015fmaz (born 15 December 1971) is a Turkish actor, best known for playing the lead role of Polat Alemdar in the popular television series Kurtlar Vadisi (Valley of the Wolves) and its movie spin-offs, including Kurtlar Vadisi Irak (Valley of the Wolves Iraq). Life and carrer Necati \u015ea\u015fmaz was born to a family of Kurd-Zaza origin in Harput, Elaz\u0131\u011f, Turkey, as the oldest son of Abd\u00fclkadir \u015ea\u015fmaz. He studied Tourism and Hotel Management, both in Turkey and in Canada. He lived in the United States for six years before returning to Turkey for a visit to his parents. In Istanbul, Necati \u015ea\u015fmaz met renowned Turkish director Osman S\u0131nav, who offered him the leading role in the Valley of the Wolves. He played the fictional character Polat Alemdar in the series and in the movie. He currently plays in another spin-off of the original series titled Kurtlar Vadisi: Pusu\n\nMaurice Manning (born 14 June 1943) is an Irish academic and former Fine Gael politician. Manning was a member of the Oireachtas for 21 years, serving in both the D\u00e1il and the Seanad. On 12 March 2009 he was elected Chancellor of the National University of Ireland, while remaining President of the Human Rights Commission. From 2002 to 2014, he was President of the Irish Human Rights Commission. Early life Manning was born in Bagenalstown, County Carlow, and educated at Presentation De La Salle College there. He attended Rockwell College, University College Dublin (UCD) and the University of Strathclyde. He earned a BA and MA from UCD, which in 2000 awarded him a DLitt. An academic by background, Manning previously lectured in the politics department of UCD. He is a member of the Senate of the National University of Ireland and of the Governing Authority of UCD, and was a\n\nLaughing in the Wind is a 2001 Chinese television series produced by Zhang Jizhong, starring Li Yapeng and Xu Qing in the leading roles. The series is an adaptation of Louis Cha's novel The Smiling, Proud Wanderer. It was first broadcast on CCTV in China in 2001. Cast Li Yapeng as Linghu Chong Xu Qing as Ren Yingying Wei Zi as Yue Buqun Miao Yiyi as Yue Lingshan Li Jie as Lin Pingzhi Chen Lifeng as Yilin L\u00fc Xiaohe as Ren Woxing Tu Men as Zuo Lengshan Liu Dong as Ning Zhongze Ba Yin as Xiang Wentian Li Qinqin as Abbess Dingyi Zang Jinsheng as Monk Bujie Yang Kun as Mute Granny Feng Xijun as Fangzheng Yang Niansheng as Fangsheng / Shangguan Yun Peng Denghuai as Yu Canghai Yu Chenghui as Feng Qingyang Huang Zongluo as Ping Yizhi Li Fei as Lan Fenghuang Sun Haiying as Tian Boguang Xiu Zongdi\n\nQuestion: Who is Maurice Manning", "output": "Maurice Manning is an Irish academic and former Fine Gael politician."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Faculty of Engineering of UMons (French: Facult\u00e9 Polytechnique de Mons (FPMs)) is a faculty of engineering at the University of Mons in the Wallonia region in Belgium. Before the 2009 merger of the Facult\u00e9 Polytechnique de Mons and the University of Mons-Hainaut, the FPMs was the oldest university of the city of Mons and the first civil Engineering school in Belgium (1836). Its first name was \u00c9cole des Mines (Mining School). It is a member of the Top Industrial Managers for Europe (TIME) network, an association of 50 leading engineering schools and faculties in Europe. On January 1, 2009, the Engineering Faculty of Mons and the University of Mons-Hainaut merged into a new university called the University of Mons (UMons). The Faculty organizes a five-year course and delivers the Engineering (Ir.) and Master of Science (MSc.) degree. An Applied Sciences Doctoral degree (Dr.) is also available at the FPMs.\n\nA stripper well or marginal well is an oil or gas well that is nearing the end of its economically useful life. In the United States a \"stripper\" gas well is defined by the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission as one that produces or less of gas per day at its maximum flow rate; the Internal Revenue Service, for tax purposes, uses a threshold of per day. Oil wells are generally classified as stripper wells when they produce 10-15 barrels per day or less for any twelve-month period. Economic importance In the United States in 2015, 11 percent of crude oil produced comes from a marginal oil well, and over 85 percent of the total number of U.S. oil wells are now classified as such. There are over 420,000 of these wells in the United States, and together they produce nearly of oil per day, 18 percent of U.S.\n\nBillboard Year-End charts are cumulative rankings of entries in Billboard magazine charts in the United States in any given chart year. Several hundred Year-End charts are now published by Billboard, the most important of which are the single or album charts based on Hot 100 and Billboard 200 respectively. Billboard's \"chart year\" runs from the first Billboard \"week\" of December to the final week in November, but because the Billboard week is dated in advance of publication, the last calendar week for which sales are counted is usually the third week in November. This altered calendar allows for Billboard to calculate year-end charts and release them in time for its final print issue in the last week of December. Due to this methodology, albums at the peak of their popularity at the time of the November/December chart-year cutoff many times end up ranked lower than one would expect on a\n\nQuestion: What is Facult\u00e9 polytechnique de Mons?", "output": "The Faculty of Engineering of UMons) is a faculty of engineering at the University of Mons in the Wallonia region in Belgium."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "James Robert \"Loafer\" McAleer (July 10, 1864April 29, 1931) was an American center fielder, manager, and stockholder in Major League Baseball who assisted in establishing the American League. He spent most of his 13-season playing career with the Cleveland Spiders, and went on to manage the Cleveland Blues, St. Louis Browns, and Washington Senators. Shortly before his retirement, he became a major shareholder in the Boston Red Sox. His career ended abruptly. During his brief tenure as co-owner of the Red Sox, McAleer quarreled with longtime friend and colleague Ban Johnson, president of the American League. In the wake of this disagreement, he sold off his shares in the Red Sox and broke off his relationship with Major League Baseball. McAleer's rift with Johnson, along with his sudden retirement, damaged his professional reputation, and he received little recognition for his contributions to baseball. Today, he is most often remembered for\n\nOdds Bodkin (born February 14, 1953) is the pseudonym of an American storyteller, musician, and author who has published a number of spoken and/or musical interpretations of traditional tales, as well as a number of original tales and children's books. \"Little Proto's T-Rex Adventure\" was awarded the Parents' Choice Gold Award. Odds and his family live in Bradford, New Hampshire. Bodkin tours both nationally and internationally, appearing at storytelling festivals, schools, universities, theaters and museums. He has performed at the White House and the National Storytelling Festival. Bodkin projects include The Vanishers: The App that Brings Objects to Life, a story-based Alternative Reality Game (ARG) for museums and outdoor places, and Young Hercules: The Legendary Bully, an empathy-awareness program for middle, high school and college students. Under the pseudonym \"McKenzie Bodkin\", Bodkin's original epic poem The Water Mage's Daughter: A Novel of Love, Magic and War in Verse was published\n\nSquirrel Bait was an American punk rock band from Louisville, Kentucky active from 1983 to 1987. Squirrel Bait's dense, moody, melodic hardcore sound, featuring pronounced tempo shifts, foreshadowed the grunge sound of the late 1980s as well as math rock. Squirrel Bait, along with H\u00fcsker D\u00fc, are often noted as precursors to the emocore (\"emotional hardcore\") sound that arose from the D.C. hardcore punk scene with bands like Rites of Spring, Beefeater and Fugazi. Squirrel Bait signaled the second coming of American punk \u2013 bands of little brothers and sisters who got to grow up on Black Flag and H\u00fcsker D\u00fc without a preparatory course in Supertramp. ... Like a hundred other little D\u00fcs across the country, Squirrel Bait managed to make a couple of records before spintering off to form five more bands. Unlike most of that punk rock loam, the members of Squirrel Bait chewed up their legacy\n\nQuestion: What is Jimmy McAleer", "output": "James Robert \"Loafer\" McAleer was an American center fielder, manager, and stockholder in Major League Baseball who assisted in establishing the American League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Beeckerwerth is a part of the German city of Duisburg and located right of the Rhine. It has a population of 3,807 and an area of 7.62 km2. History Until the Middle Ages, Beeckerwerth was surrounded by water on all sides: on the west and northwest by the Rhine, on the east and northeast by the Emscher and on the south by a branch of the Emscher called the Monnarde. This is the origin of the name of Beeckerwerth which means \"Island of Beeck\" in Old German. The house of Beeck ruled over Beeckerwerth since the 13th century. Their castle, Haus Knipp, was first mentioned in 1292. It served as their court until its destruction in 1571. It was rebuilt further inland in 1620. Beeckerwerth became a borough of Duisburg on 1 October 1905, together with Beeck, Laar and Ruhrort. The industrialist August Thyssen purchased most of Beeckerwerth, including Haus\n\nGilles Dauv\u00e9 (pen name Jean Barrot; born 1947) is a French ultra-left political theorist, school teacher, and translator, associated with the development of communization theory. Biography In collaboration with other left communists such as Fran\u00e7ois Martin and Karl Nesic, Dauv\u00e9 has attempted to fuse, critique, and develop different left communist currents, most notably the Italian movement associated with Amadeo Bordiga (and its heretical journal Invariance), German-Dutch council communism, and the French perspectives associated with Socialisme ou Barbarie and the Situationist International. He has focused on theoretical discussions of economic issues concerning the controversial failure of Second International, Marxism (including both Social Democracy and Leninist Communism), the global revolutionary upsurge of the 1960s and its subsequent dissolution, and on developments in global capitalist accumulation and class struggle. Among English-speaking communists and anarchists, Dauv\u00e9 is best known for his Eclipse and Re-emergence of the Communist Movement, first published by Black & Red\n\nIn molecular biology, G-quadruplex secondary structures (G4) are formed in nucleic acids by sequences that are rich in guanine. They are helical in shape and contain guanine tetrads that can form from one, two or four strands. The unimolecular forms often occur naturally near the ends of the chromosomes, better known as the telomeric regions, and in transcriptional regulatory regions of multiple genes, both in microbes and across vertebrates including oncogenes in humans. Four guanine bases can associate through Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding to form a square planar structure called a guanine tetrad (G-tetrad or G-quartet), and two or more guanine tetrads (from G-tracts, continuous runs of guanine) can stack on top of each other to form a G-quadruplex. The placement and bonding to form G-quadruplexes is not random and serve very unusual functional purposes. The quadruplex structure is further stabilized by the presence of a cation, especially potassium, which sits\n\nQuestion: Who is Gilles Dauv\u00e9?", "output": "Gilles Dauv\u00e9 is a French ultra-left political theorist, school teacher, and translator, associated with the development of communization theory."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "KeyFly is a conditional access (CA) system developed by SIDSA which is compatible with the DVB-CSA platform. The system is based on SIDSA MACtsp processors, and conditional-access modules for it can integrate the card directly into the CAM. Overview KeyFly is a platform for digital television. In addition to offering security as a CA system, it is a platform that allows new sources of revenues for pay-TV or free TV operators. The platform has been created to meet new requirements and challenges of digital television, going further than traditional subscription payment systems, incorporating more flexible business models with no need for permanent subscriptions, value-added services to free TV, as well as new payment techniques via mobile phones. KeyFly allows different options such as with or without smart card, CAS embedded into set-top box or into Common Interface CAMs, with or without need for subscription. KeyFly supports different methods for rights\n\nThe La Pointe Light is a lighthouse located on Long Island, one of the Apostle Islands, in Lake Superior in Ashland County, Wisconsin, near the city of Bayfield. Currently owned by the National Park Service and part of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, as reference number 83003366. Listed in the Library of Congress, Historic American Buildings Survey, WI-325 and WI-325-A. One of the oldest skeletal lighthouses on the Great Lakes, it played an important role in transportation on Lake Superior. A square wooden tower, constructed in 1858, was located around west of the current light. The previous lens was moved to the Chequamegon Point Lighthouse in 1897. It is one of the Apostle Islands Lighthouses. Getting there Most of the Apostle Islands light stations may be reached on the Apostle Islands Cruise Service water taxi or by private\n\nBoulevard Saint-Raymond is a major boulevard located in Gatineau, Quebec. It starts at Boulevard Saint-Joseph and ends at Boulevard Alexandre-Tache just west of the limits between the Hull and Aylmer sectors. Before 2003, it ended at Chemin Pink but since then it includes the former section of Chemin de la Montagne Sud. Chemin de la Montagne also used to have a northern section which started from Chemin Pink and ended in Luskville in the Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais region. In the past, it also used to run all the way to the Casino du Lac-Leamy before it was renamed Boulevard du Casino east of Saint-Joseph. Eastern section The eastern section passes between two residential areas and is often very crowded (if not overcrowded), especially in the rush hours, where long lineups can be seen as motorists head towards Autoroute 5 (also caused by the lack of adequate access to Autoroute 50. There\n\nQuestion: Define La Pointe Light.", "output": "The La Pointe Light is a lighthouse located on Long Island, one of the Apostle Islands, in Lake Superior in Ashland County, Wisconsin, near the city of Bayfield."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In logic and computer science, the Boolean satisfiability problem (sometimes called propositional satisfiability problem and abbreviated SATISFIABILITY, SAT or B-SAT) is the problem of determining if there exists an interpretation that satisfies a given Boolean formula. In other words, it asks whether the variables of a given Boolean formula can be consistently replaced by the values TRUE or FALSE in such a way that the formula evaluates to TRUE. If this is the case, the formula is called satisfiable. On the other hand, if no such assignment exists, the function expressed by the formula is FALSE for all possible variable assignments and the formula is unsatisfiable. For example, the formula \"a AND NOT b\" is satisfiable because one can find the values a = TRUE and b = FALSE, which make (a AND NOT b) = TRUE. In contrast, \"a AND NOT a\" is unsatisfiable. SAT is the first problem\n\nThe \"DK Rap\" is the introduction theme to the 1999 Nintendo 64 video game Donkey Kong 64. Originally conceived by Rare designer George Andreas and composed by Grant Kirkhope, Andreas co-wrote and performed the lyrics, with Rare staffers joining in the chorus. Its lyrics describe the five playable characters in the game, with Kirkhope's goal to juxtapose the previous iteration of Donkey Kong from Donkey Kong Country against the new one. The \"DK Rap\" is the first song in the 1999 Donkey Kong 64 Original Soundtrack, where it was named \"Da Banana Bunch\". Despite Grant Kirkhope not intending to make a serious rap, the \"DK Rap\" has received generally mixed reception and has been awarded \"dubious awards\" for its quality. The song has since been remixed in other Nintendo games and can be downloaded on the company's website. Concept and history The lyrics to the \"DK Rap\" describe the five\n\nFerrocarriles Chiapas-Mayab (reporting mark FCCM) is a state owned railroad in southeastern Mexico since 2016. History Ferrocarriles Chiapas-Mayab became a subsidiary of the Genesee & Wyoming in 1999 with a 30-year concession to operate the railroad. The railroad was damaged by Hurricane Stan in October 2005. The hurricane damaged over 175 miles of track and Genesee & Wyoming was not financially capable to repair the railroad. On 25 June 2007, Genesee & Wyoming Inc announced it was giving up its 30-year concession and liquidating FCCM SA by the end of 2007. Operation of Ferrocarriles Chiapas-Mayab was officially taken over by Ferrocarril del Istmo de Tehuantepec in 2008. In 2012, Secretary of Communications and Transportation amended the railway concession in order to keep the railways under government control while allowing any potential investor to operate the cargo operations. By 2013, The Secretary of Communications and Transportation announced it had given the\n\nQuestion: Define Ferrocarriles Chiapas-Mayab.", "output": "Ferrocarriles Chiapas-Mayab is a state owned railroad in southeastern Mexico since 2016."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles (IFFLA) is an annual film festival held in Los Angeles, California. Established by Christina Marouda in 2003, as a nonprofit organization devoted to paving the way for a greater appreciation of Indian cinema and diverse culture by providing the public with a selection of films from and about the Indian diaspora by Indian and international filmmakers. It features, documentaries and shorts and presents Grand Jury and Audience Choice awards in the following categories: Best Feature, Best Documentary, and Best Short. The IFFLA's Cinematic Scoring Achievement Award is given to composers, honoring film scores. In 2022, the festival is completing 20 years of existence. Founding Marouda, a film lover of Greek descent established the festival to garner greater appreciation amongst Western audiences to all forms of Cinema in India. Growing up in Crete, she watched several Indian films, growing up with the films of\n\nAudio most commonly refers to sound, as it is transmitted in signal form. It may also refer to: Sound Audio signal, an electrical representation of sound Audio frequency, a frequency in the audio spectrum Digital audio, representation of sound in a form processed and/or stored by computers or digital electronics Audio, audible content (media) in audio production and publishing Semantic audio, extraction of symbols or meaning from audio Stereophonic audio, method of sound reproduction that creates an illusion of multi-directional audible perspective Audio equipment Entertainment AUDIO (group), an American R&B band of 5 brothers formerly known as TNT Boyz and as B5 Audio (album), an album by the Blue Man Group Audio (magazine), a magazine published from 1947 to 2000 Audio (musician), British drum and bass artist \"Audio\" (song), a song by LSD Computing , an HTML element, see HTML5 audio See also Acoustic (disambiguation) Audible (disambiguation) Audiobook Radio broadcasting\n\nJos\u00e9 Carlos Nepomuceno Mozer (born 19 September 1960) is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a central defender, and is a manager. In his career, he was mainly associated with Benfica in Portugal, which he represented in two separate spells. He also spent three years with French club Marseille. Mozer appeared for Brazil at the 1990 World Cup. Club career Born in Rio de Janeiro, Mozer starting playing for local Clube de Regatas do Flamengo, which he helped win the Copa Libertadores and the Intercontinental Cup, both in 1981. After well more than 100 official appearances he left for Portugal and S.L. Benfica, being an undisputed starter from the beginning and helping the club to the Primeira Liga in 1988\u201389 while scoring more than ten overall goals in his first stint; also that season, he partnered compatriot Ricardo Gomes in the heart of the defence. Mozer was sold\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles is.", "output": "The Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles is an annual film festival held in Los Angeles, California."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Al-Rumay\u1e63\u0101\u02be bint Mil\u1e25\u0101n (; died 650 CE; 28 AH), popularly known by her kunya as Umm Sulaym, was one of the earliest women converts to Islam in Yathrib (now Medina). Umm Sulaym was first married to Malik ibn an-Nadr and her son by this marriage was Anas ibn Malik, a notable companion of Muhammad. Following the death of her first husband, Abu Talha al-Ansari resolved to become engaged to her before anyone else did. He was confident that Umm Sulaym would not pass him over for another. He was quite rich, an accomplished horseman, and a skilful archer and he belonged to the same clan as Umm Sulaym, the Banu Najjar. But she refused. Abu Talha did not take no for an answer. He asked her if there was someone more worthy for her than him, and she explained that she was a Muslim and could not marry a polytheist.\n\nBelow is a list of all poker players who have won multiple World Series of Poker (WSOP) bracelets, together with the year(s) in which the bracelets were won. List of all time List by decade Three Bracelets in One Year The first person to win three bracelets in the same WSOP was Walter \"Puggy\" Pearson, at the 1973 WSOP. Since 1973, only five other players have won three bracelets in a single year, which encompasses the WSOP and either the WSOPE or WSOP APAC. Other records Johnny Moss, with a win at the 1971 WSOP, became the first person to have won multiple lifetime WSOP bracelets. Moss also was the first person to win 5 lifetime WSOP bracelets, with a win at the 1975 WSOP. Johnny Chan, with a win in Event #25 at the 2005 WSOP, became the first person to win 10 lifetime WSOP bracelets, just a few\n\nCertified email (known as Posta elettronica certificata in Italy, or PEC in short) is a special type of email in use in Italy, Switzerland, Hong Kong and Germany. Certified email is meant to provide a legal equivalent of the traditional registered mail, where users are able to legally prove that a given email has been sent and received by paying a small fee. Registered mail is mainly used in Italy, but there are present efforts to extend its legal validity according to the framework of the European Union. Description A certified email can only be sent using a special Certified Email Account provided by a registered provider. When a certified email is sent, the sender's provider will release a receipt of the successful (or failed) transaction. This receipt has legal value and it includes precise information about the time the certified email was sent. Similarly, the receiver's provider will deliver\n\nQuestion: Who was Umm Sulaym bint Milhan?", "output": "Al-Rumay\u1e63\u0101\u02be bint Mil\u1e25\u0101n, popularly known by her kunya as Umm Sulaym, was one of the earliest women converts to Islam in Yathrib."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Michael Sucsy (born February 14, 1973) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. He is best known for directing the HBO film Grey Gardens and The Vow. Early life and education Sucsy was raised in Connecticut and New York City. He is a graduate of Deerfield Academy, Georgetown University's Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, where he earned a degree in International Relations, Law & Organization, and the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, CA, where he received a Masters in Fine Arts. Film career Sucsy segued from studying international relations to film production via the advertising industry, where he worked for the award-winning agency Cliff Freeman & Partners on the first-ever Staples t.v. ads. Sucsy then pursued work as a production assistant, an art department coordinator, a production secretary, and an assistant director on feature films, commercials, and music videos in Washington DC, New York City,\n\nL\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng (\u9ece\u592a\u5b97 22 December 1423 \u2013 28 August 1442), birth name L\u00ea Nguy\u00ean Long (\u9ece\u5143\u9f8d), was the second king of the Later L\u00ea dynasty from 1433 until his early death nine years later. Biography L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng was the second son of L\u00ea L\u1ee3i. Although his mother died when he was at a young age, he was considered as bright and capable as his father was. When L\u00ea L\u1ee3i became sick in 1433, he summoned his closest advisors (L\u00ea S\u00e1t, Tr\u1ecbnh Kh\u1ea3, Pham Van Sao, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, Tran Nguyen Han, and Le Ngan) to name L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng as his heir to the throne. At the time L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng was only ten years old. Upon L\u00ea L\u1ee3i's death, L\u00ea S\u00e1t assumed the regency of Vietnam. L\u00ea S\u00e1t ruled Vietnam more for himself than for the young king. He eliminated many of his rivals by various means and\n\nThe Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War was signed at Geneva, July 27, 1929. Its official name is the Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva July 27, 1929. It entered into force 19 June 1931. It is this version of the Geneva Conventions which covered the treatment of prisoners of war during World War II. It is the predecessor of the Third Geneva Convention signed in 1949. On their web site, the International Committee of the Red Cross states that: General provisions Article 1 makes explicit reference to Articles 1, 2, and 3 of Hague Convention respecting the laws and customs of war on land (Hague IV), of October 18, 1907, to define who are lawful combatants and so qualify as prisoners of war (POW) on capture. In addition to combatants covered by Hague IV, some civilians are also covered in the section of this Convention\n\nQuestion: What's Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War?", "output": "The Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War was signed at Geneva, July 27, 1929."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Johan Verbeke (born 9 July 1951) is a Belgian diplomat, the former Belgian Ambassador to the United States until 2016. Early life Verbeke holds a Master of Laws (LL.M.) from the Yale Law School and a Dipl\u00f4me d\u2019Etudes Sup\u00e9rieures Europ\u00e9ennes (D.E.S.) from the Universit\u00e9 de Nancy. Career Verbeke joined the Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1981 and has served in various capacities for his country's foreign service, including as Chairman of the Security Council Sanctions Committees on C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Iran and Al Qaida/Taliban, leader of the Security Council Mission to Kosovo (April 2007), Facilitator of the President of the General Assembly for the negotiation of General Assembly-resolutions on Millennium Development Goals-implementation and Economic and Social Council-reform (2005\u20132006), Personal Representative of the Minister of Foreign Affairs for Counter-Terrorism (2003), Special Envoy of the Prime Minister to the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) (2002\u20132005). Verbeke worked in the Ministry as\n\nVaastav: The Reality is a 1999 Indian Hindi-language action film written and directed by Mahesh Manjrekar in his directorial debut, and starring Sanjay Dutt, Namrata Shirodkar, and Sanjay Narvekar. It features Mohnish Behl, Paresh Rawal, Reema Lagoo and Shivaji Satam in supporting roles. \"The Reality\" as described by the film's tagline, refers to the harsh realities of life in the Mumbai underworld. The film is said to be loosely based on the life of Mumbai underworld gangster Chhota Rajan. The film released on 7 October 1999. It very well received by both critics and audiences, and it was extremely successful both in India and overseas. It was nominated for and won many awards. At Filmfare Awards, It was nominated in many category including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Actor. Sanjay Dutt won his first ever best actor award at Filmfare out of his four nominations in his career, regarded\n\nByglandsfjord is a village in Bygland municipality in Agder county, Norway. The village is located in the Setesdal valley along the Norwegian National Road 9 and the river Otra in the far southern part of the municipality, just north of the border with Evje og Hornnes municipality and at the southern end of the lake Byglandsfjorden. The village has a population (2016) of 365 which gives the village a population density of . Revsnes Hotel offers accommodation. The highest point in the area surrounding the village is the tall \u00c5rdalsknaben, about northeast of the village. The village itself sits at an elevation of about above sea level. Byglandsfjord is located about south of the village of Grendi and about north of the village of Evje in the neighboring municipality. Byglandsfjord Station, the terminal station of the now defunct Setesdal Line was also located in this village. The steamboat (1866) travels\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Byglandsfjord is.", "output": "Byglandsfjord is a village in Bygland municipality in Agder county, Norway."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Reno-Sparks Convention Center is a convention center in the western United States, located in Reno, Nevada. Opened in 1965 as Centennial Coliseum, it hosted the Big Sky Conference basketball tournament and also hosts boxing matches. In 2021 the convention center will host the Legion Sports Fest, the largest fitness and bodybuilding event in the West. Southwest of the airport, its elevation at street level is approximately above sea level. Facilities The main exhibit space is , which can be divided into five halls. Freight access is provided via a set of nineteen freight doors, eight of which are drivable, and of which one is a hangar-style door that measures wide by tall. In addition, the Mt. Rose Ballroom, a column-free space, can be divided into seven meeting rooms. A total of 53 meeting rooms, of capacities ranging from fifty to over three thousand, are available within the complex. References\n\n\u00c9douard Louis Joseph, 1st Baron Empain (20 September 1852 \u2013 22 July 1929), was a wealthy Walloon Belgian engineer, entrepreneur, financier and industrialist, as well as an amateur Egyptologist. During World War I he became a known Major General. Early life Empain was born at Bel\u0153il, Belgium, and was the son of schoolteacher Fran\u00e7ois Julien Empain and his wife Catherine (n\u00e9e Lolivier). He went into business with his brother, Baron Fran\u00e7ois Empain and other family members, and amassed a great fortune. Empain began his career a draughtsman at a metallurgical company, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 m\u00e9tallurgique, in 1878, and became involved in railway construction when he noticed that transport infrastructure in the countryside was inadequate. After success in Belgium with the Li\u00e8ge-Jemeppe line, his companies developed several railway lines in France, including the creation of the Paris M\u00e9tro. Because he felt that he depended too much on the banks for his industrial plans,\n\nRobert Montgomery Knight (born October 25, 1940) is an American former basketball coach. Nicknamed \"the General\", Knight won 902 NCAA Division I men's college basketball games, a record at the time of his retirement, and currently fifth all-time. Knight is best known as the head coach of the Indiana Hoosiers from 1971 to 2000. He also coached at Texas Tech (2001\u20132008) and at Army (1965\u20131971). While at Army, Knight led the Black Knights to four post-season tournament appearances in six seasons, winning two-thirds of his games along the way. After taking the job at Indiana, Knight led his teams to three NCAA championships, one National Invitation Tournament (NIT) championship, and 11 Big Ten Conference championships. His 1975\u201376 team went undefeated during the regular season and won the 1976 NCAA tournament. Knight received National Coach of the Year honors four times and Big Ten Coach of the Year honors eight times.\n\nQuestion: Who is Bob Knight?", "output": "Robert Montgomery Knight is an American former basketball coach."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gatelawbridge is a hamlet in the region of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. It is situated two and a half miles east of Thornhill and near the gorge Crichope Linn. The origin of the name is unknown though in the past the locals called it Gateley Bridge, so perhaps it takes its name from a type of bridge over the Cample River in the centre of the settlement. The river divides the parishes, with all those east of the river being in Closeburn Parish, and those west of the river being in Morton Parish. The African explorer Joseph Thomson lived in Gatelawbridge from the age of 10 until leaving for Edinburgh. He attended the secondary school Morton Academy in Thornhill (now Wallace Hall), making the journey each day on his pony called Donald. His father was the quarry master and presumably that is where his interest in rocks began. He studied\n\nYad Sarah () is the largest national volunteer organization in Israel. Employing over 6,000 volunteers, with a salaried staff of 150, Yad Sarah serves over 350,000 clients each year. It is best known for its free loans of over 244,000 pieces of medical and rehabilitative home-care equipment annually, enabling sick, disabled, elderly and recuperating patients to live at home. This saves the country's economy an estimated $320 million in hospital fees and long-term care costs each year. According to an independent survey, one out of every two Israeli families has been helped by Yad Sarah. The organization serves Jews, Christians, Muslims and Druze, as well as tourists with disabilities. Its menu of free or nominal-fee services include lending of medical and rehabilitative equipment, oxygen service, wheelchair transportation, national emergency alarm system, services for the homebound, legal aid for the elderly, geriatric dentistry, day rehabilitation centers, a play center for special\n\nA Cadbury Snack is a shortcake biscuit square or two biscuits with chocolate filling, covered with milk chocolate. History Three versions of Cadbury Snack are available in the United Kingdom and Ireland: Snack Shortcake (chocolate-coated shortbread in a yellow wrapper), Snack Wafer (chocolate-covered wafer fingers in a pink wrapper) and Snack Sandwich, an individual chocolate-and-biscuit bar similar to the original Jacob's Club biscuit. In February 2015, Cadbury announced that it was ceasing production of the Snack Wafer due to declining sales. During the 1970s there was a Cadbury Snack Finger (chocolate-covered fingers in a blue wrapper) see Cadbury Fingers & in the 2000s there were limited editions of other versions of Snack. Advertising During the 1950s and 1960s there were black-and-white television adverts for the Snack product. Colour ads appeared in the 1970s. In 1986 the television advert used the phrase \"Bridge the Gap\". There were cartoon adverts in the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Gatelawbridge is.", "output": "Gatelawbridge is a hamlet in the region of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Archibald John Burgess Fowler (1 April 1891 \u2013 7 May 1977) was an English first-class cricketer. Archie Fowler represented Middlesex County Cricket Club in 26 first-class matches between 1921 and 1930 and received his County Cap. He never quite established himself, but did well in 1924, when he took 5/29 versus a strong Lancashire team. He scored 133 runs at an average of 7.00, with a highest score of 21. He took 14 catches and 41 wickets at an average of 26.75, with a personal best of 5/29. He succeeded George Fenner as the MCC Coach during the mid-1930s and is remembered as an outstanding coach. He constantly umpired at Lord's and finally acted as 1st XI Scorer, following the retirement of Patsy Hendren in 1960, before being succeeded by Jim Alldis. His connection with Lord's lasted for over fifty years. References 1891 births 1977 deaths English cricket coaches Cricket\n\nLa Fille aux yeux d'or (English: The Girl With the Golden Eyes) is an 1835 novella by Honor\u00e9 de Balzac. It is the third part of the Thirteen series, which includes the short stories Ferragus and La Duchesse de Langeais. It is also part of his La Com\u00e9die humaine novel sequence. Synopsis The story follows the decadent heir Henri de Marsay, who becomes enamored of the beautiful Paquita Valdes, and his plan to seduce her. He succeeds but becomes disillusioned when he discovers she is involved with another lover, and so he plots to murder her. When he arrives to kill her, he discovers that she is already dead by the hand of her lover, his half-sister. She declares that Paquita came from a land where women are no more than chattels, able to be bought and used in any way. In the last lines of the story, de Marsay\n\nArthur Yoria is an American musician based in Houston, Texas, United States. Born in Chicago on September 5, 1969, as Alvaro Arturo Guzman, Yoria started to play guitar very late while he was attending the University of Houston. After stints in the Houston-based bands, The Jeepneys and Lavendula, Arthur decided to set out on his own and released a 4-song, self-titled EP in 2001 followed by a 5-song EP, Can You Still Look Adorable in 2002. He has since released other EPs in both English and Spanish. Yoria was nominated for several prizes in the Houston Press Music Awards. He founded 12 Records, Inc. together with his good friend and former Houston Rocket, Matt Maloney, and recorded I'll Be Here Awake which reached #8 on the specialty radio charts. One of Yoria's songs from that album, Here to Stay, was used in the Fox Television show The O.C. and in\n\nQuestion: Who is Archie Fowler", "output": "Archibald John Burgess Fowler was an English first-class cricketer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Huangfu Song (died April 195), courtesy name Yizhen, was a military general who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty of China. He is best known for helping to suppress the Yellow Turban Rebellion and Liang Province Rebellion. He was one of three imperial commanders when the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out, along with Zhu Jun and Lu Zhi. He was known to be a modest and generous person. Lu Zhi was removed from command after the eunuch Zuo Feng (\u5de6\u8c50) made false accusations against him; Lu Zhi had refused to bribe Zuo Feng. Huangfu Song, who took over command of the imperial troops from Lu Zhi, continued to use Lu as a strategist and reported his contributions to the imperial court. Thus, in the same year, Lu Zhi regained his post as Master of Writing (\u5c1a\u4e66). Life Huangfu Song was a nephew of Huangfu Gui (\u7687\u752b\u89c4), a military general, and\n\nRoni Jonah (born July 16, 1986) is a Canadian director, actress, and professional wrestler. She has worked for both Ohio Valley Wrestling and Women's Extreme Wrestling. She is known for starring in the 2015 horror anthology film Volumes of Blood. Professional wrestling career Ohio Valley Wrestling (2006\u20132008) Jonah originally pursued a career in professional wrestling because she \"thought it looked fun\". Her extensive theater and sports background made wrestling an obvious choice. After completing her English degree, she moved to Louisville to train. She made her debut at the March 18, 2006 Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) house show from Shepherdsville, Kentucky, teaming with Cherry to defeat Serena Deeb. A month later, at a house show in Austin, Indiana, Jonah lost to Beth Phoenix by disqualification when Shelly Martinez came out and attacked Phoenix. She made her OVW television debut in the spring of 2006, managing Mike Mizanin and playing the\n\nCristi\u00e1n Andr\u00e9s de la Fuente Sabarots (; born March 10, 1974) is a Chilean actor, presenter, model and producer. Early life Cristian De la Fuente was born in Santiago, Chile, the only child of chemist Hugo de la Fuente (died 1996) and Adriana Sabarots, a homemaker of French descent. He served in the Chilean Air Force reserve prior to attending the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, where he pursued a degree in civil engineering. Career 1998\u20132003 De la Fuente was spotted by a talent scout during his sophomore year as a civil engineering major at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, and won a contest as Chile's next \"Super Teen\". Beginning with small network roles in prime time, he quickly went on to star in four prime time dramas including Eclipse de Luna and the highly acclaimed televised theatrical production of La T\u00eda de Carlos. He starred in Chile's number-one\n\nQuestion: Who is Cristi\u00e1n de la Fuente?", "output": "Cristi\u00e1n Andr\u00e9s de la Fuente Sabarots is a Chilean actor, presenter, model and producer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "John Royds Culshaw, OBE (28 May 192427 April 1980) was a pioneering English classical record producer for Decca Records. He produced a wide range of music, but is best known for masterminding the first studio recording of Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen, begun in 1958. Largely self-educated musically, Culshaw worked for Decca from the age of 22, first writing album liner notes and then becoming a producer. After a brief period working for Capitol Records, Culshaw returned to Decca in 1955 and began planning to record the Ring cycle, employing the new stereophonic technique to produce recordings of unprecedented realism and impact. He disliked live recordings from opera houses, and sought to put on disc specially made studio recordings that would bring the operas fully to life in the listener's mind. In addition to his Wagner recordings, he supervised a series of recordings of the works of Benjamin Britten, with\n\nEvangelical Press (also known as 'EP Books') is a small Christian not-for-profit publisher of books, including two commentary series and a range of non-fiction aimed at the ordinary reader. In 2022, 10Publishing acquired the publishing rights of EP, and today is continuing to grow the publishing range of EP. Distribution in the USA is provided by 10ofThose USA, based in Louisville, KY. It serves a Reformed conservative evangelical constituency. EP's best-selling authors include John Blanchard, Dane Ortlund, Faith Cook, Sharon James, JC Ryle and many others. John Blanchard's booklet Ultimate Questions has now printed in excess of eighteen million copies and is translated into over fifty languages, and is also online. EP also publishes the popular Welwyn Commentary series, helpful for preachers but intended to reach ordinary readers as well. In 2018 this series completed a revision and redesign. In late 2023, the whole Bible was covered by the commentary\n\nIndian Rock Park is a public park at 950 Indian Rock Avenue in the city of Berkeley, California, on the slope of the Berkeley Hills. It is located in the northeast part of the city, about two blocks north of the Arlington/Marin Circle, and straddles Indian Rock Avenue. The central feature of the park is a large rock outcropping on the west side of Indian Rock Ave. The larger portion of the park, on the opposite side of the street, has several much smaller rock outcroppings, grass fields, and a small barbecue and picnic area. The rock is composed of Northbrae rhyolite. History Volcanic in origin, Indian Rock is the largest of a number of similar rhyolite rock formations in the vicinity, including the smaller rocks in the portion of the park on the east side of Indian Rock Ave. For example, only one block farther up the east side\n\nQuestion: What is John Culshaw?", "output": "John Royds Culshaw, OBE was a pioneering English classical record producer for Decca Records."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Azerbaijan is a country in the Caucasus region, situated at the juncture of Eastern Europe and West Asia. Three physical features dominate Azerbaijan: the Caspian Sea, whose shoreline forms a natural boundary to the east; the Greater Caucasus mountain range to the north; and the extensive flatlands at the country's center. About the size of Portugal or the US state of Maine, Azerbaijan has a total land area of approximately 86,600 square kilometers, less than 1% of the land area of the former Soviet Union. Of the three Transcaucasian states, Azerbaijan has the greatest land area. Special administrative subdivisions are the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, which is separated from the rest of Azerbaijan by a strip of Armenian territory, and the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region, entirely within Azerbaijan. The status of Nagorno-Karabakh is disputed by Armenia, but is internationally recognized as territory of Azerbaijan. Located in the region of the southern Caucasus\n\nOmi-\u1eccs\u0323un, literally meaning \"\u1eccs\u0323un waters\", is the northernmost source tributary of the \u1eccs\u0323un River in southwestern Nigeria. The Omi-\u1eccs\u0323un tributary rises from the eastern sector of the Yoruba hills and flows westwards into the \u00d2y\u00ec River which subsequently flows southward along two deep gorges within the Oke-Ila quartzite ridges, (adjacent to Oke-Ila Orangun), before its confluence with other rivers to form the main Osun. Ruins of an ancient settlement called Omi-\u1eccs\u0323un also exists along the Omi-\u1eccs\u0323un river. This settlement was a former location of the Oke-Ila Orangun kingdom during the migrations of earlier centuries following the departure of the Oke-Ila and Ila factions from their ancient kingdom and mother city of Ila-Yara. The name Omi-\u1eccs\u0323un is attributed to the realization that the tributary feeds the \u1ecc\u1e63un River, as well as its subsequent dedication in ancient times to \u1eccs\u0323un worship. Gallery Pollution In recent years, the river, which flows across five\n\nEberhard Havekost (1967 \u2013 5 July 2019) was a contemporary German painter based in Berlin and Dresden, who exhibited internationally. Biography Born in Dresden, Havekost was the son of a sculptor and a taxidermist. He completed an internship as a stonemason in 1985. In 1989, he fled to the West via Budapest and lived in Frankfurt. He studied at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Bildende K\u00fcnste in Dresden from 1991 to 1996, where he became a master student under Professor Ralf Kerbach in 1997. In 1999 he was awarded the Karl Schmidt-Rottluff grant. He lived in Berlin, and was a professor at the Kunstakademie D\u00fcsseldorf. Work Havekost was one of a new generation of painters who used a digitalized, multimedial visual language in their work. Working from photographic sources \u2013 shots from TV and video, images culled from magazines and catalogues and his own photographs \u2013 he selected subjects ranging from anonymous\n\nQuestion: Who is Eberhard Havekost?", "output": "Eberhard Havekost was a contemporary German painter based in Berlin and Dresden, who exhibited internationally."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay (23 July 1898 \u2013 14 September 1971) was an Indian novelist who wrote in the Bengali language. He wrote 65 novels, 53-story-books, 12 plays, 4 essay-books, 4 autobiographies, 2 travel stories and composed several songs. He was awarded Rabindra Puraskar, Sahitya Akademi Award, Jnanpith Award, Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan. He was nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature in 1971 and posthumously nominated in 1972. Biography Bandyopadhyay was born at his ancestral home at Labhpur village in Birbhum district, Bengal Province, British India (now West Bengal, India) to Haridas Bandyopadhyay and Prabhabati Devi. He passed the Matriculation examination from Labhpur Jadablal H. E. School in 1916 and was later admitted first to St. Xavier's College, Calcutta and then to South Suburban College (now Asutosh College). While studying in intermediate at St. Xavier's College, he joined the non-co-operation movement. He could not complete his university course due to ill\n\nInvershin railway station is a railway station in the Highland council area of Scotland. The station is on the Far North Line, from , between Culrain and Lairg. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services. History The station opened on 13 April 1868, as part of the Sutherland Railway, later becoming part of the Highland Railway and later the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. Location It is extremely close to the previous station on the line, at , situated at the opposite side of Shin Viaduct (or 'Oykel Viaduct'), a major structure on the Far North line which crosses the Kyle of Sutherland at its narrowest point. Facilities Invershin only has very basic facilities, being a waiting shelter, a help point and bike racks. As there are no facilities to purchase tickets, passengers must buy one in advance, or from the guard on the train. On , Transport Scotland\n\nSusan Williams-Ellis (6 June 1918 \u2013 26 November 2007) was a British pottery designer, who was best known for co-founding Portmeirion Pottery. She was the eldest daughter of Sir Clough Williams-Ellis. Background Williams-Ellis was born in Guildford, Surrey, England, in the house of artist and critic Roger Fry. Her father, Sir Clough, was an eminent architect; Williams-Ellis' mother was writer Amabel Strachey, cousin of author and Bloomsbury figure Lytton Strachey. Her parents were friends of other members of the Bloomsbury Group, including Augustus John and Virginia Woolf. Williams-Ellis' godfather was Rudyard Kipling. She was determined to be an artist from an early age. In the 1930s, Susan studied ceramics with Bernard and David Leach while she was at Dartington Hall School. At Chelsea School of Art, during the 1940s, her tutors included Graham Sutherland for painting and Henry Moore for sculpture, who helped to develop Susan's innate feeling for three-dimensional\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Susan Williams-Ellis.", "output": "Susan Williams-Ellis was a British pottery designer, who was best known for co-founding Portmeirion Pottery."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Otto Georg Thierack (19 April 188926 October 1946) was a German Nazi jurist and politician. Early life and career Thierack was born in Wurzen in Saxony. He took part in the First World War from 1914 to 1918 as a volunteer, reaching the rank of lieutenant. He suffered a facial injury and was decorated with the Iron Cross, second class. After the war ended, he resumed his interrupted law studies and ended them in 1920 with his Assessor (junior lawyer) examination. In the same year, he was hired as a court Assessor in Saxony. Joining the Nazi Party On 1 August 1932, Thierack joined the Nazi Party. After the Nazis seized power in 1933, he managed within a very short time to rise high in the ranks from a prosecutor to President of the People's Court (Volksgerichtshof). The groundwork on which this rise was built was not merely that Thierack\n\nGabriele Reinsch (born 23 September 1963 in Cottbus) is a German track and field athlete. She represented East Germany in the 1988 Olympic Games in discus throw. On 9 July 1988 at the East Germany\u2013Italy tournament in Neubrandenburg, she set a new world record with a throw of . This was further than the previous record, set by the Czechoslovakian Zdenka \u0160ilhav\u00e1. Reinsch's record still stands (the East German Martina Hellmann had in fact thrown and , both on 6 September 1988, but these came in an unofficial event and could not be counted as the world record). Reinsch began competing at the age of 14 and tried at first the high jump and shot put, even placing second in the shot put at the 1981 junior European championships. In 1982 she switched to the discus. International competitions 1988 Olympic Games: (67.26 - 66.50 - 63.30 - 65.88 - 66.40\n\nMurong Long () (died 397), formally Prince Kang of Gaoyang (\u9ad8\u967d\u5eb7\u738b), was a general and imperial prince of China's Xianbei-led Later Yan dynasty. He was a son of the founding emperor Murong Chui (Emperor Wucheng) and a brother of Murong Bao (Emperor Huimin), and when his brother's empire was under threat from the rival Northern Wei's prince Tuoba Gui, he tried to save it, but was killed by his nephew Murong Hui, intent on seizing power from both his father and his uncles. Before Later Yan's founding The first reference to Murong Long in history was in 369, when Murong Chui, then a Former Yan prince, fled to Former Qin after he came after suspicion of the emperor Murong Wei's mother Empress Dowager Kezuhun and the regent Murong Ping; Murong Long was one of his sons who fled with him. When Murong Chui subsequently resolved to rebel against Former Qin\n\nQuestion: Who is Murong Long?", "output": "Murong Long, formally Prince Kang of Gaoyang, was a general and imperial prince of China's Xianbei-led Later Yan dynasty."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Dimasa Kingdom (also Kachari kingdom) was a late medieval/early modern kingdom in Assam, Northeast India ruled by Dimasa kings. The Dimasa kingdom and others (Kamata, Chutiya) that developed in the wake of the Kamarupa kingdom were examples of new states that emerged from indigenous communities in medieval Assam as a result of socio-political transformations in these communities. The British finally annexed the kingdom: the plains in 1832 and the hills in 1834. This kingdom gave its name to undivided Cachar district of colonial Assam. And after independence the undivided Cachar district was split into three districts in Assam: Dima Hasao district (formerly North Cachar Hills), Cachar district, Hailakandi district. The Ahom Buranjis called this kingdom Timisa. In the 18th century, a divine Hindu origin was constructed for the rulers of the Kachari kingdom and it was named Hidimba, and the kings as Hidimbesvar. The name Hi\u1e0dimb\u0101 continued to be\n\nMisrah Ghar il-Kbir (informally known as Clapham Junction) is a prehistoric site in Si\u0121\u0121iewi, in the south of the Island of Malta, near the Dingli Cliffs. It is best known for its \"cart ruts\", a complex network of tracks carved in the rock. The age and purpose of the tracks is uncertain with estimates of their origins ranging from the Neolithic to Medieval times and all points in-between. Several researchers have suggested they may have been used in different periods perhaps even for different activities. It appears the ruts could only have been made no later than c.700BC with several examples pointing to a Temple Period date c. 3800-2500BC. It is reported that the \"Clapham Junction\" nickname was given by archaeologist David H. Trump, who reported that it reminded him of the busy railway station Clapham Junction in London. Origin of the tracks Similar tracks (known and signposted in Malta\n\nRail Wheel Factory, Yelahanka (RWF) (also known as Wheel and Axle Plant) is a manufacturing unit of Indian Railways, producing wheels, axles and wheel sets of railroad wagons, coaches and locomotives for the use of Indian Railways and overseas customers is situated at Yelahanka, Bangalore in the Indian state of Karnataka. The unit was started by C. K. Jaffer Sharief, the then Railway Minister, who got this project to Bangalore. It was commissioned in 1984 to manufacture wheels and axles for the Indian Railways. This factory uses cast steel technology in the manufacturing of wheels which utilizes scrap steel collected from Railways' own workshops as raw material. The products (Wheels, Axles and wheel sets) are engineered with little scope for human errors. It has a planned capacity to manufacture of about 70,000 wheels of different sizes, 23,000 axles and to assemble 23,000 wheel sets. It employs over 2000 personnel and\n\nQuestion: What's Rail Wheel Factory?", "output": "Rail Wheel Factory, Yelahanka is a manufacturing unit of Indian Railways, producing wheels, axles and wheel sets of railroad wagons, coaches and locomotives for the use of Indian Railways and overseas customers is situated at Yelahanka, Bangalore in the Indian state of Karnataka."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Siskiyou Pass (sometimes called Siskiyou Summit) is a historic mountain pass in the Siskiyou Mountains of Jackson County. It is the most used pass in the U.S. state of Oregon. The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) made the Siskiyou Trail over the pass before pioneers traversed it with their wagons, while still later it evolved into a stage road, a railroad line, and a highway route. The name Siskiyou is believed to be derived from Cree, meaning \"bob-tailed horse\". Siskiyou Pass is west of the summit (high point) of Interstate 5, which is known as Siskiyou Summit (though sometimes it is referred to as \"Siskiyou Pass\"). Geography The pass is situated in Jackson County on the road and rail transport link between Oregon and California. It measures above MSL. Situated along Oregon Route 273 (also known as Old Highway 99), it is north of California state boundary, and west of the\n\nIgnacio Saul (\"Nani\") Corleto (born June 21, 1978 in Buenos Aires) is a retired Argentine rugby union player. Club career He began his rugby career in the local Club Universitario de Buenos Aires, known as CUBA, where he played from 1997 to 2000. He moved afterwards into professional rugby signing with French club Narbonne, where he played from 2000/01 to 2001/02. He moved to Stade Fran\u00e7ais, where he played from 2002/03 to 2007/08. He won three French championships, in 2002/03, 2003/04 and 2006/07. He had a serious injury in 2008 which meant the end of his career, even if it was only officially announced in 2010. International career Corleto participated for the Junior teams in a South American Championship and in two Southern Hemisphere Tournaments with the U21 representative team. He had 37 caps for Argentina, from 1998 to 2007, scoring 14 tries and 1 drop goal, 73 points on\n\n\u00c7ifteler is a municipality and district of Eski\u015fehir Province, Turkey. Its area is 858 km2, and its population is 14,906 (2022). Its elevation is . It borders with Sivrihisar, Seyitgazi, Han and Mahmudiye districts, and Afyonkarahisar Province. It was established as a district in 1951. The livelihood of the people of the region is based on animal husbandry, primarily agriculture. Aquaculture is also popular in \u00c7ifteler. The region, which was under the influence of Phrygian and Roman in ancient times, was known for grain production during the Ottoman period. The origin of the name is based on the fact that the region, which was called \"\u00c7ifteli\" in 1795, changed into \u00c7ifteler over time. Sakaryaba\u015f\u0131 is offered to visitors as a natural beauty near the district. Composition There are 28 neighbourhoods in \u00c7ifteler District: Abbashalimpa\u015fa Adalar Alikan Arslanl\u0131 Ba\u015fkurt Belp\u0131nar \u00c7atmap\u0131nar \u00c7ift\u00e7i Dikilikaya Dikmen Do\u011fanay Eminekin Erbap Hayriye Il\u0131caba\u015f\u0131 Kad\u0131kuyusu K\u00f6rhasan\n\nQuestion: What is \u00c7ifteler?", "output": "\u00c7ifteler is a municipality and district of Eski\u015fehir Province, Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Chief Justice Sir Mari Kapi (12 December 1950 \u2013 25 March 2009) was a Papua New Guinean judge who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea from 16 August 2003 until his retirement in 2008 due to health reasons. Kapi was the first Papua New Guinean citizen to be appointed as a judge and only the third PNG national to be appointed Chief Justice. Kapi was born at Keapara village, Rigo District, Central Province. He was entirely educated in Papua New Guinea, graduating from the University of Papua New Guinea in 1972. He was employed as a lawyer with the Office of the Public Solicitor and on 1 January 1978 became the first Papua New Guinean national to be appointed a puisne justice of the Supreme and National Courts of Papua New Guinea (the Supreme Court not being a separately constituted court but\n\nDennis Martin Walling (born April 17, 1954) is a former Major League Baseball player. Walling played all or parts of 18 seasons in the majors, from 1975 to 1992. His most frequent position was third base, but he also saw significant time as an outfielder and first baseman. Walling may be best known as a pinch-hitting specialist for the Houston Astros. Nicknamed \"Good Wood\", Walling was a valuable bat off the bench for most of his career. Entering the 2009 season, his 108 career pinch hits are tied for 13th all-time. He hit .271 with 799 hits in 2,945 lifetime at bats with 49 home runs and 380 RBI in 1,271 games. Walling served as the hitting coach for the Norfolk Tides, the Triple-A affiliate of the Baltimore Orioles before Butch Davis Amateur career Walling grew up in Farmingdale, New Jersey, and played baseball at Howell High School in New\n\nPsychological torture or mental torture is a type of torture that relies primarily on psychological effects, and only secondarily on any physical harm inflicted. Although not all psychological torture involves the use of physical violence, there is a continuum between psychological torture and physical torture. The two are often used in conjunction with one another and often overlap in practice, with the fear and pain induced by physical torture often resulting in long-term psychological effects, and many forms of psychological torture involving some form of pain or coercion. United Nations Convention against Torture The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (commonly known as the United Nations Convention against Torture) is an international human rights treaty, under the review of the United Nations, that aims to prevent torture and other acts of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment around the world. The Convention requires\n\nQuestion: Who is Mari Kapi", "output": "Chief Justice Sir Mari Kapi was a Papua New Guinean judge who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea from 16 August 2003 until his retirement in 2008 due to health reasons."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Quenby Fung () (12 November 1965 \u2013 23 February 2020), born Fung Yan Yan () was a novelist in Hong Kong focused on writing Chinese children's literature for early teens. She had been writing stories and novels when she was studying in university. She became a teacher later on when she returned to Hong Kong from studying in the United States, and started a column in a local leading newspaper, the Ming Pao. Quenby's pen name came from her award-winning novel of the same name. Her stories are known for depicting the subtle changes in feelings and behavioral changes of teenagers, as she was an experienced English teacher in a local girls' school. Many schools choose her novels as selected books for book reports. Information on her novels Fung's novels focus on depicting the mindset and behaviors of adolescents, such as interpersonal relationships of secondary school students and the romantic\n\nV for Vendetta: Music from the Motion Picture is the soundtrack from the 2006 film V for Vendetta, released by Astralwerks Records on March 21, 2006. Most of the music was written by Dario Marianelli. Other artists include Julie London, Cat Power and Antony and the Johnsons. Music The track \"Remember, Remember\" uses the \"national anthem\" part of the 1812 Overture by Tchaikovsky, and \"Knives And Bullets (And Cannons Too)\" incorporates the piece in its final two minutes. The second track in the ending credits is \"BKAB\" by independent producer Ethan Stoller. It features excerpts of speeches by Malcolm X and Gloria Steinem, and Martin Luther King Jr. It also samples two Bollywood songs, \"Pardesi Pardesi\" composed by music director duo Nadeem-Shravan and \"Chura ke dil meraaa .. goriya chali\" composed by music director Anu Malik. Several songs used in the film were omitted from the soundtrack. These included the\n\nThe ME Four-Twelve is an American high-performance concept car that was engineered, developed and produced by Chrysler in 2004. The name is a combination of the Mid-Engine with Four turbochargers on a Twelve cylinder engine. Background There were two ME Four-Twelve vehicles produced. The first was an auto show version using performance expertise from Daimler, but with limited operational capabilities. It was designed behind-the-scenes during 2003 by a small team. The auto show vehicle, unveiled at the 2004 North American International Auto Show (NAIAS) in Detroit, took less than one year for design and development. The exterior design was done by American Brian Nielander. Chrysler announced at the 2004 NAIAS that the ME Four-Twelve was a full running prototype. At the time, key personnel within the Street & Racing Technology group at Chrysler directed by Dan Knott (also responsible for the Dodge Viper, SRT production adaptations such as the Dodge\n\nQuestion: Who is Quenby Fung?", "output": "Quenby Fung, born Fung Yan Yan was a novelist in Hong Kong focused on writing Chinese children's literature for early teens."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Nu Flow\" is the debut single of British R&B collective Big Brovaz. It was released as the first single from their debut album, Nu-Flow (2002), on 14 October 2002. \"Nu Flow\" peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart and spent 19 weeks inside the UK top 100. The single was also successful in New Zealand and Norway, where it reached number one, and in Australia, where it peaked at number three to become their joint highest-peaking hit with \"Favourite Things\". Music video The accompanying music video was directed by Vaughan Arnell. Track listings UK CD1 \"Nu Flow\" (original clean radio edit) \"Nu Flow\" (Blacksmith club rub) \"Nu Flow\" (Shy FX and T Power remix) \"Nu Flow\" (video) UK CD2 \"Nu Flow\" (original) \"Nu Flow\" (Marley Marl main mix) \"Nu Flow\" (Fusion remix) UK 12-inch single A1. \"Nu Flow\" (Blacksmith club rub) A2. \"Nu Flow\" (original) B1. \"Nu Flow\"\n\nThe New York Red Bulls are an American professional soccer club based in the New York metropolitan area. The Red Bulls compete in Major League Soccer (MLS) as a member of the Eastern Conference. The club was established in October 1994 and began play in the league's inaugural season in 1996 as the New York/New Jersey MetroStars. In 2006, the team was sold to Red Bull GmbH and re-branded as part of the company's global network of soccer clubs. The Red Bulls have played their home matches at Red Bull Arena in Harrison, New Jersey since 2010, having previously played at Giants Stadium. The club is one of two teams in MLS based in the New York metropolitan region along with New York City FC, which entered the league in 2015. The two teams compete against each other in the Hudson River Derby. Other rivals include the Philadelphia Union. The\n\nJohn Taylor (born 16 April 1963), better known as Chaka Demus, is a Jamaican reggae musician and deejay, best known as part of the duo Chaka Demus & Pliers. Biography Early years Born in West Kingston, Taylor was a regular attendee at Kingston dances and was given a chance by Prince Jammy to DJ on his sound system. Upon releasing his debut single, the Jammy-produced \"Increase Your Knowledge\" in 1985, he was virtually unknown. None of his early records saw chart success, though they later met with increased success. Other musicians quickly recognised him as having great potential, most notably Yellowman who joined him for such songs as \"Everybody Loves The Chaka\", \"Scotty\", and \"Bring It To Me\" and Admiral Bailey, who collaborated with him on \"One Scotch, One Bourbon, One Beer\", giving him his first hit. The same year saw the release of \"Everybody Loves The Chaka\", for the\n\nQuestion: Who was Chaka Demus?", "output": "John Taylor, better known as Chaka Demus, is a Jamaican reggae musician and deejay, best known as part of the duo Chaka Demus & Pliers."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Georgios Samaras (, ; born 21 February 1985) is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a striker. Samaras started his career at OFI Crete, before moving on to Eredivisie side Heerenveen in 2001. He made his first team debut two years later and after a further three seasons with the club he moved to Premier League club Manchester City for a fee of \u00a36 million in 2006. After Sven-G\u00f6ran Eriksson took over as manager Samaras fell out of favour with the first team. In January 2008 he was loaned out to Scottish Premier League team Celtic, moving on a permanent basis in the summer. Samaras helped Celtic win Scottish league championships in 2008, 2012, 2013 and 2014, totalling 74 goals in 249 competitive games. He left the club at the end of his contract in 2014 and returned to the Premier League with West Bromwich Albion, where he\n\nKimble Lynard Anders (born September 10, 1966) is a former American football fullback in the National Football League. Early years He played college football at the University of Houston where he produced 261 carries for 1,359 yards and 16 TDs to go with 115 receptions for 1,718 and 11 scores. Professional career Kimble was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1990. In 1991, he was signed as a free agent by the Kansas City Chiefs. He played for the Chiefs throughout his career. In 2022, the Chiefs announced he would be inducted into the team's Hall of Fame during the 2022 season. Personal life On April 4, 2013, it was announced that Anders would return to his home town of Galveston, TX to serve as Head Coach for Ball High School and Athletic Director for Galveston Independent School District. References External links NFL.com player page\n\nKatze im Sack (English title: Let the Cat Out of the Bag) is a German drama film directed by and written by Michael Proehl. The film's tagline translates to English as A romantic film for those who don't like romantic films. Set primarily in Leipzig, two apparently lost souls find one another but struggle to find romance against circumstances and their own divisive personalities. The two lead characters, Karl played by Christoph Bach and Doris Jule B\u00f6we, have a chance meeting on a train. The pair steal minor items from one another during the journey and that theft leads Karl to attempt to track down Doris to her place of work at a bar in Leipzig. Once in Leipzig, the pair each make convoluted attempts to get to know the other in a series of events coloured by disaffected members of Leipzig society including an older male friend of Doris\n\nQuestion: What is Katze im Sack", "output": "Katze im Sack is a German drama film directed by  and written by Michael Proehl."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mi\u0137elis Valters (born May 7, 1874, April 24 O.S., died March 25, 1968) was the first Latvian Minister of the Interior (1918\u20141919), member of the New Current intellectual movement, lawyer, politician, diplomat, social activist, and one of the authors of the Latvian Constitution. He was the first social activist who publicly advocated for a sovereign Latvian state. In the 1903 journal \"Prolet\u0101rietis\" (The Proletarian) he wrote the article \"Patvald\u012bbu nost! Krieviju nost!\" (Off with the Monarchy! Off with Russia!) Recipient of the Order of the Three Stars Commander Grand Cross (1st class). Early life and education Valters was born May 7, 1874, in Liep\u0101ja into the family of dockworker P\u0113teris Valters and wife Zane. He received his basic education at Liep\u0101ja's Church of St. Anne elementary school, subsequently at the Liep\u0101ja City School, while working as a typesetter's apprentice. In 1889 he began working at the Jaunliep\u0101ja railroad workshops, and\n\nLimulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) is an aqueous extract of blood cells (amoebocytes) from the Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. LAL reacts with bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a membrane component of gram-negative bacteria. This reaction is the basis of the LAL test, which is widely used for the detection and quantification of bacterial endotoxins. In Asia, a similar Tachypleus amebocyte lysate (TAL) test based on the local horseshoe crabs Tachypleus gigas or Tachypleus tridentatus is occasionally used instead. The recombinant factor C (rFC) assay is a replacement of LAL/TAL based on a similar reaction. Background The American medical researcher Fred Bang reported in 1956 that gram-negative bacteria, even if killed, will cause the blood of the horseshoe crab to turn into a semi-solid mass. It was later recognized that the animal's blood cells, mobile cells called amoebocytes, contain granules with a clotting factor known as coagulogen; this is released\n\nIn a featural writing system, the shapes of the symbols (such as letters) are not arbitrary but encode phonological features of the phonemes that they represent. The term featural was introduced by Geoffrey Sampson to describe the Korean alphabet and Pitman shorthand. Joe Martin introduced the term featural notation to describe writing systems that include symbols to represent individual features rather than phonemes. He asserts that \"alphabets have no symbols for anything smaller than a phoneme\". A featural script represents finer detail than an alphabet. Here, symbols do not represent whole phonemes, but rather the elements (features) that make up the phonemes, such as voicing or its place of articulation. In the Korean alphabet, the featural symbols are combined into alphabetic letters, and these letters are in turn joined into syllabic blocks, so the system combines three levels of phonological representation. Some scholars (e.g. John DeFrancis) reject this class or\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Featural writing system is.", "output": "In a featural writing system, the shapes of the symbols are not arbitrary but encode phonological features of the phonemes that they represent."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Think Like a Dinosaur\" is a science fiction novelette written by James Patrick Kelly, originally published in the June 1995 issue of Asimov's Science Fiction magazine. Significance The story won the 1996 Hugo Award for Best Novelette, the Asimov's Reader Poll Award, and the SF Chronicle Award. It was also nominated for the Locus Poll Award and the Nebula Award. Since its original publication, \"Think Like a Dinosaur\" has been reprinted in several science fiction anthologies. In 2001, it was adapted as the \"Think Like a Dinosaur\" episode of The Outer Limits TV series. It was adapted into an audio play for Seeing Ear Theater. Plot The story postulates a transportation device supervised by a dinosaur-like race of aliens that can transmit an exact copy of a person's body to distant planets. The original body is disintegrated once reception at the destination is confirmed. The fictional race, nicknamed \"dinos\", looks\n\nErik the Red's Land () was the name given by Norwegians to an area on the coast of eastern Greenland occupied by Norway in the early 1930s. It was named after Erik the Red, the founder of the first Norse or Viking settlements in Greenland in the 10th century. The Permanent Court of International Justice ruled against Norway in 1933, and the country subsequently abandoned its claims. The area once had an Inuit population, but the last member was seen in 1823 by Douglas Clavering in Clavering Island. By 1931, that part of Greenland was uninhabited and included only three main Norwegian stations (Jonsbu, Myggbukta and Antarctic Havn) and numerous smaller ones. Origin of the claim The first European settlement in Greenland was established by Norse colonists from Iceland around the year 1000. There were two main Norse settlements on Greenland, but both were on the southwestern coast of the\n\nLicodia Eubea () is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Catania, on the island of Sicily, southern Italy. It is bounded by the comuni of Caltagirone, Chiaramonte Gulfi, Giarratana, Grammichele, Mazzarrone, Mineo, Monterosso Almo and Vizzini. It rises over an internal hilly area, above sea level. Situated above a hill overlooking the valley of the Dirillo river, Licodia Eubea boasts a rich production of olives, almonds, citrus fruits, and excellent table grapes, that can be tasted during the annual Sagra dell'Uva (Grapes' festival) held in the month of September. Cattle breeding, as well as horse, sheep, and goat farms, are flourishing, not to mention the production of absolutely delicious typical Sicilian cheeses. Among the notable buildings in the town are Santa Margherita, the mother church of the town, erected during the 17th century, preserving the emblem of the Santapau family on its front portal, the Chiesa del\n\nQuestion: What is Erik the Red's Land?", "output": "Erik the Red's Land was the name given by Norwegians to an area on the coast of eastern Greenland occupied by Norway in the early 1930s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Tikar (also Tikari, Tika, Tikali, Tige, Tigare and Tigre) are a Central African people who inhabit the Adamawa Region and Northwest Region of Cameroon. They are known as great artists, artisans and storytellers. Once a nomadic people, some oral traditions trace the origin of the Tikar people to Northern Nigeria, the Sudanian savanna, or the Sudan. Such ethnic groups were referred to in the 1969 official statistics as \"Semi-Bantus\" and \"Sudanese Negroes.\" They speak a Northern Bantoid language called Tikar. One of the few African ethnic groups to practice a monotheistic traditional religion, the Tikar refer to God the Creator by the name Nyuy.They also have an extensive spiritual system of ancestral reverence. The current population of the Tikar in Cameroon is approximately 170,000. This is a vast difference from other enslaved and trafficked ethnic groups such as the Kirdi, who still number around 15 million people. This could\n\nThe Bezold\u2013Br\u00fccke shift or luminance-on-hue effect is a change in hue perception as light intensity changes. As intensity increases, spectral colors shift more towards blue (if below 500 nm) or yellow (if above 500 nm). At lower intensities, the red/green axis dominates. This means that reds become more yellow with increasing brightness. Light may change in the perceived hue as its brightness changes, despite the fact that it retains a constant spectral composition. It was discovered by Wilhelm von Bezold and M.E. Br\u00fccke. The shift in the hue of the colors that occur as the intensity of the corresponding energy change is materially increased, except in some cases like the change for certain invariable hues (approximating the psychologically primary hues). Both Bezold & Br\u00fccke worked on the Bezold-Br\u00fccke effect and gave important contributions in the field of optical illusions. This effect is a problem for simple HSV-style color models, which\n\nProf Karl (Carl) Theodor Ernst von Siebold FRS(For) HFRSE (16 February 1804 \u2013 7 April 1885) was a German physiologist and zoologist. He was responsible for the introduction of the taxa Arthropoda and Rhizopoda, and for defining the taxon Protozoa specifically for single-celled organisms. Biography He was born at W\u00fcrzburg in the Electorate of Bavaria, the son of Elias von Siebild (sic), a professor of obstetrics, and his wife, Sophie von Schaffer. He was educated in W\u00fcrzburg and the Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster in Berlin. Von Siebold studied medicine and science chiefly at the University of Berlin (under K. A. Rudolphi) and also at G\u00f6ttingen (under Johann Friedrich Blumenbach), submitting a thesis on the metamorphosis of the salamander. In 1831 he began to practice medicine in Heilsberg, East Prussia (now Lidzbark Warmi\u0144ski), moving in 1834 to K\u00f6nigsberg, and then in the same year to be Director of the Midwifery School\n\nQuestion: Who is Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold", "output": "Prof Karl Theodor Ernst von Siebold FRS HFRSE was a German physiologist and zoologist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Robert Maurice Jean Opron (22 February 1932 \u2013 29 March 2021) was a French automotive designer. He created or collaborated on numerous projects that became production cars for brands that included Simca, Renault, and Fiat. He is best known for his work at Citro\u00ebn, which he joined in 1962 and where he became responsable de style (head of the design department) in 1964. Biography Opron was born in Amiens in Picardy, France. His father was in the military and received several postings to locations in French Colonial Africa, so Opron grew up in places like Algeria, Mali and Abidjan. At 18 years old Opron contracted tuberculosis, and had to spend time in a sanatorium. He returned to France in 1952 and enrolled in the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts in Amiens; one year later he transferred to the \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9rieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris. He studied architecture under Auguste Perret. Altogether\n\nIn computing and telecommunication, a control character or non-printing character (NPC) is a code point in a character set that does not represent a written character or symbol. They are used as in-band signaling to cause effects other than the addition of a symbol to the text. All other characters are mainly graphic characters, also known as printing characters (or printable characters), except perhaps for \"space\" characters. In the ASCII standard there are 33 control characters, such as code 7, , which rings a terminal bell. History Procedural signs in Morse code are a form of control character. A form of control characters were introduced in the 1870 Baudot code: NUL and DEL. The 1901 Murray code added the carriage return (CR) and line feed (LF), and other versions of the Baudot code included other control characters. The bell character (BEL), which rang a bell to alert operators, was also\n\nWong Nai Chung Road (Chinese: \u9ec3\u6ce5\u6d8c\u9053) is a major road in Happy Valley, Hong Kong. It is a U-shaped road that encircles the southern and eastern sides of the Happy Valley Racecourse. Location Wong Nai Chung Road starts northeast at the junction with Leighton Road, then turns southward and meets Blue Pool Road at the southern residential area of the valley. It turns westward to Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital and then northwest to meet Morrison Hill Road and Queen's Road East and under the Wong Nai Chung Gap Flyover. The western side of the road on the west of the valley forms part of the eastern limits of the City of Victoria. Features Amigo restaurant (No. 79A) St Paul's Primary Catholic School (\u8056\u4fdd\u797f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5c0f\u5b78) (No. 81A). The school building was designed by Leigh & Orange and constructed in 1907 for the Roman Catholic Order of the Sisters of St Paul\n\nQuestion: Who was Robert Opron?", "output": "Robert Maurice Jean Opron was a French automotive designer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Unmuzzled OX was a quarterly of poetry, art and politics founded in 1971 by poet Michael Andre, edited in New York City and Kingston, Ontario. Aided by artist Erika Rothenberg, the best-known issue was The Poets' Encyclopedia, the world's basic knowledge transformed by 225 poets, artists, musicians and novelists. The circulation of Unmuzzled OX peaked at 25,000 in the 80s with The Cantos (121-150) Ezra Pound. Regular contributors to Unmuzzled OX included Allen Ginsberg, Andy Warhol, John Cage, Daniel Berrigan, Eugene McCarthy, Margaret Atwood, Denise Levertov, Robert Peters, Robert Creeley and Gregory Corso. OX frequently features photographs of contributors by Gerard Malanga. Unmuzzled OX was located near the World Trade Center, and a translation by W. H. Auden of an opera by Carlo Goldoni appeared shortly before September 11, 2001. The publication ran until 2001, and most publications are still available. References Bibliography Unmuzzled OX (volume 1-17; New York, N.Y.\n\nPhongsali or Phongsaly () is the capital of Phongsaly Province, Laos. It is the northernmost provincial capital in Laos, opposite Attapeu in the south. The town has about 8,000 inhabitants. It lies at approximately 1,430 meters elevation on the slopes of Mount Phu Fa (1,625 meters). Phongsali has summer temperatures around 25-30 \u00b0C, with frequent rain. In winter, from November to March, it is cool and mostly sunny, with daytime temperatures between 10-18 \u00b0C. In the centre of the town are houses built in Yunnanese style with ornate wooden fronts. This is quite rare as the preserved city was not destroyed like other cities in northern Laos during the Vietnam War by bombing. A 400 year-old tea plantation is about 18 kilometers away in the village of Ban Komaen, which according to some tea experts has some of the oldest tea trees in the world. The large root system of\n\nEva Henderson Mottley (24 October 1953 \u2013 14 February 1985) was a Barbadian-born British actress. She played Bella O'Reilly in the television drama Widows, and Corinne Tulser, wife of Denzil Tulser in Only Fools and Horses. Early life Mottley was born into a family of politicians in Barbados in 1953. Her grandfather, Ernest Mottley, was the first mayor of Bridgetown, while her cousin, Mia Mottley, was elected Prime Minister of Barbados in 2018. She was raised in Nigeria and England. After serving 15 months in prison for possession of LSD, Mottley embarked on an acting career. Career Mottley appeared in the drama series Widows, and was scheduled to appear in its sequel. However, shortly before her death in 1985, she left the production of Widows 2 claiming that she had been racially and sexually abused by the production team. Widows 2 was broadcast nearly two months later, with Debby Bishop\n\nQuestion: Who is Eva Mottley?", "output": "Eva Henderson Mottley was a Barbadian-born British actress."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mozaic is a two-player abstract strategy board game, in which players try to score points by placing colored glass gemstones onto a game board to form square patterns. The game was designed by Martin H. Samuel. It was originally produced by Games Above Board, Sunnywood, Inc., of Hong Kong, then licensed and published through Sterling Games in 2003. Giseh Verlag launched the game in Germany at Essen Spiel in 2006. An Axiom-powered electronic version of Mozaic was programmed for the PC platform by Greg Schmidt in 2010. Gameplay The Mozaic game board has 64 tiles (8 x 8 squares) with a score-keeping \"ladder\" on either end. Players may choose between either amber or cobalt gems, which are picked to construct their point-scoring squares. Players take turns drawing gems from a bag, one at a time, and place them on any empty tile on the board. 4 points are scored when\n\nThe Shell Seekers is a 1987 novel by Rosamunde Pilcher. It became one of her most famous best-sellers. It was nominated by the British public in 2003 as one of the top 100 novels in the BBC's Big Read. In Germany the novel is called Die Muschelsucher and was also in the top 100 novels. The novel sold more than five million copies worldwide, and was adapted for the stage and as a film for television twice. Plot summary Shifting in time, the novel tells the story of Penelope Keeling, the daughter of unconventional parents (an artist father and his much-younger French wife), examining her past and her relationships with her adult children. When the novel opens, Penelope is in her 60s and has just been discharged from the hospital after what was seemingly a heart attack. Penelope's life from young womanhood to the present is revealed in pieces, from\n\nBob Caudle (born August 2, 1930) is an American professional wrestling announcer most notable for his time with the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). He started working with Jim Crockett Promotions in the late 1950s for promoter Jim Crockett, Sr. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Caudle was the official voice of Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling and is known for his trademark greeting, \"Hello wrestling fans...\", and his trademark sign-off line, \"That'll do it for this week. We'll see you next week, and until then, so long for now.\" He is known for constantly addressing the viewers as \"fans\" many times on each episode. Broadcast career NWA Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling His television broadcasting career began in Wilmington, North Carolina. He then moved to another broadcasting position in Savannah, Georgia. While in Savannah in the late 1950s, Caudle hosted a televised studio wrestling show. Caudle was the weatherman at WRAL-TV in Raleigh, North Carolina,\n\nQuestion: Define Mozaic.", "output": "Mozaic is a two-player abstract strategy board game, in which players try to score points by placing colored glass gemstones onto a game board to form square patterns."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Point of View of My Work as an Author (subtitle: A Direct Communication, Report to History) is an autobiographical account of the 19th-century Danish philosopher S\u00f8ren Kierkegaard's use of his pseudonyms. Overview The work was written in 1848, published in part in 1851 (as On my Work as an Author), and published in full posthumously in 1859. This work explains his pseudonymous writings and his personal attachment to those writings. Walter Lowrie, a Kierkegaardian translator and scholar, called this an autobiography \"so unique that it has no parallel in the whole literature of the world.\" However, Kierkegaard did make the following remarks in The Point of View that cast doubt on whether he regarded the pseudonymous writings as highly as he did his Christian writings. He published Either/Or under the pseudonym, Victor Eremita, February 20, 1843, and Two Edifying Discourses, May 16, 1843 under his own name. The Point\n\nWMHK (89.7 FM) is a non-commercial Christian radio station in Columbia, South Carolina. It is owned and operated by the Educational Media Foundation. Its programming is Contemporary Christian music programmed from K-LOVE studios in Rocklin, California. WMHK is one of South Carolina's most powerful stations. It provides at least grade B coverage to much of the South Carolina portions of the Charlotte and Augusta areas, and can be heard clearly as far east as Florence and as far west as Union. History Columbia International University signed WMHK on the air August 30, 1976 with a vision to share the Gospel through the airwaves. Until its sale to the Educational Media Foundation, it was unique in the sense that it was locally owned and operated, while most radio stations in Columbia are corporate owned. During its time as a locally owned station, WMHK enjoyed much higher ratings than most other CCM\n\nSmithson or Smythson is an English surname and (less often) a given name. Notable people bearing the name include: Architects Alison and Peter Smithson, 20th-century British architects Robert Smythson, 16th-century English architect, father of architect John Smythson, and grandfather of architect Huntingdon Smithson Artists and entertainers Annie M. P. Smithson, novelist Robert Smithson, American artist Carly Smithson, singer Florence Smithson, singer and actor Harriet Smithson, also known as Henrietta Constance Smithson, actor and wife of Hector Berlioz Henry Smithson, the musician Riton Politicians Hugh Smithson, (1714\u201386) later Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland the Smithson baronets Smithson E. Wright, 16th mayor of Columbus, Ohio Scientists James Smithson, British scientist, eponym of the Smithsonian Institution Smithson Tennant, chemist Sportspeople Bryan Smithson, American basketball player Fish Smithson, former NFL player Forrest Smithson, American athlete Gerald Smithson, English cricketer Jerred Smithson, former NHL player Moondog Spike, wrestler born Bill Smithson Rodney Smithson, footballer\n\nQuestion: What is WMHK", "output": "WMHK is a non-commercial Christian radio station in Columbia, South Carolina."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kasey Green (born 10 September 1979) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with the West Coast Eagles and the Kangaroos in the Australian Football League (AFL), as well as with the East Fremantle Football Club in the West Australian Football League (WAFL). Debuting with the West Coast Eagles in 2000, Green was used as a utility/defender and was always on the fringes of selection. He played just six games in each of his first two seasons, before having a solid year in 2003 where he managed to hold his spot in the side. In 2004 he played the first seven games before being suspended for four weeks for kicking Cameron Bruce. Green never returned to the side for 2004 after serving the suspension, and finally returned more than a year and a half later, in Round 20, 2005. He kept his spot for Round 21 on the back\n\nThe Italian Socialists (I Socialisti Italiani) was a minor social-democratic political party in Italy. History The party was founded on 7 February 2006 as the result of a split from the New Italian Socialist Party (NPSI) by the wing favourable to a political alliance with The Union on the centre-left, and an immediate discontinuance of ties with the centre-right House of Freedoms. The party was originally led by Bobo Craxi, son of the late Bettino Craxi, former leader of the Italian Socialist Party and former Prime Minister of Italy. In the 2006 general election the party was part of The Union coalition, being present only in few constituencies and thus gaining only 0.3% of the vote for the Chamber of Deputies and 0.4% for the Senate. The party saw none of its members elected and even Craxi, who had a place on The Olive Tree electoral list, was not elected,\n\nWindows Address Book was a component of Microsoft Windows that lets users keep a single list of contacts that can be shared by multiple programs. It is most commonly used by Outlook Express. It was introduced with Internet Explorer 3 in 1996 and improved in subsequent versions. The Windows Address Book API can query LDAP servers or read/write data to a local file. In Windows Vista, Windows Address Book was replaced with Windows Contacts. Overview The Windows Address Book is an application that has a local database and user interface for finding and editing information about people, making it possible to query network directory servers using Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. Other applications can also use the WAB. Microsoft Office Outlook uses its own store for email messages. However, it can import contacts from the format. Microsoft Exchange / Windows Messaging uses file for Personal Address Book. Features Can store comprehensive\n\nQuestion: Tell me what The Italian Socialists is.", "output": "The Italian Socialists was a minor social-democratic political party in Italy."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Thomas Joseph Beckwith (January 28, 1955May 22, 2021) was an American baseball pitcher who played seven seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Kansas City Royals from 1979 to 1986. He threw right-handed and served primarily as a relief pitcher. Beckwith was drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1977 and played for two of their minor league affiliates until 1979, when the Dodgers promoted him to the major leagues. After spending three more seasons with the organization, he was traded to Kansas City. The Royals won the World Series in 1985, and he was released before the start of the following season. He returned to the Dodgers in 1986 and played his last game on September 30 that year. Early life Beckwith was born in Opelika, Alabama, on January 28, 1955. His father, Bill, worked at the Auburn University in public relations\n\nStuart Littler (born 19 February 1979) is the former head coach of Oldham in RFL League 1. He is a former Ireland international rugby league footballer and a former head coach of Ireland. Littler played for the Salford City Reds in the Super League, playing for his hometown club, Leigh Centurions and finishing his career with Swinton Lions, retiring at the end of the 2016 season. Littler's position of choice was as a . He could also operate in the and also played some games on the . Background Littler was born in Higher End, Wigan, Greater Manchester, England. He is of Irish descent. He is a lifelong resident of Leigh. Career Littler is an Ireland international. Littler was expected to leave the club following Salford's relegation to National League One. Littler was expected to seal a move to Harlequins RL, however Chairman Ian Lenagan decided not to offer him\n\nMonsheim is an Ortsgemeinde \u2013 a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality \u2013 in the Alzey-Worms district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Geography Location Monsheim lies in the southern Wonnegau in Rhenish Hesse on the river Pfrimm, which rises in the southern Donnersbergkreis and empties into the Rhine at Worms, which is roughly 10 km from the municipality. It is also the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Monsheim. History Prehistory The Pfrimm valley has long been settled. In the Monsheim municipal area there have been many archaeological finds. Important are the finds made in the rural area known as Hinkelstein. Here, in 1866, while a field was being cleared to make way for a vineyard, a burial ground was discovered. Originally standing here was a menhir some 2 m tall, known in the local speech as the Hinkelstein; this is now kept in the Monsheim Castle grounds. The\n\nQuestion: What is Monsheim?", "output": "Monsheim is an Ortsgemeinde \u2013 a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality \u2013 in the Alzey-Worms district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Too Much Love Will Kill You\" is a song written by British guitarist Brian May of Queen, Frank Musker and Elizabeth Lamers. The song reflected the breakdown of May's first marriage and attraction to his future wife, Anita Dobson. It was first recorded by Queen around 1988 or before, and was intended to be on the band's The Miracle album in 1989, but did not make the cut due to legal disputes following the band's decision that all songs on the album would be written by the group as opposed to individuals. After Freddie Mercury's death in 1991, May arranged a solo version, which he performed at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert in 1992, and subsequently included on his solo album Back to the Light that same year. When released as a single, it reached number five on the UK Singles Chart, number two in Belgium, and topped the charts\n\nKikomun Creek Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. Kikomun Creek Provincial Park has a campground with five lakes, an abundance of the endangered painted turtles, many mountain bike trails throughout, two beautiful sandy beaches among its attractions. Geography Kikomun Creek is situated in the southern region of the Rocky Mountain Trench, on the eastern shores of a man-made reservoir along the Kootenay River. This 685-hectare park provides recreational access to Lake Koocanusa, whose name is supposedly a combination of Kootenay, Canada and United States. The park encompasses large open grasslands, ponderosa pine forests and many small lakes. The grasslands in the area were used historically as grazing areas for the horses of the Ktunaxa people and the cattle of early settlers. Throughout the park, evidence of glacial activity thousands of years ago is evident in the form of ridges, valleys and water-filled depressions. Kikomun Creek Provincial\n\nRidgeway Clocks is a division of Howard Miller Company, and is a producer of longcase clocks, mantle clocks, and wall clocks. The company's facilities are located in Zeeland Michigan. According to Furniture Today magazine, Howard Miller is one of only three major manufacturers of floor clocks in the U.S. History Ridgeway began as The Gravely Furniture Company in 1926 and started producing grandfather clocks exclusively in 1960. This makes Ridgeway the oldest continuously produced grandfather clock brand in the United States. Pulaski Furniture Corporation acquired Gravely Furniture Company in 1985, renaming it Ridgeway Clocks, though the name \"Ridgeway\" appears on some clocks prior the acquisition. Zeeland, Michigan based Howard Miller Clock Company acquired Ridgeway Clocks in November 2004 from Pulaski Furniture Corporation. Miller also owns Germany based Kieninger, which manufactures the movements that are built into each Ridgeway clock. The clock-making work moved to Zeeland in the spring of 2005.\n\nQuestion: Define Too Much Love Will Kill You.", "output": "\"Too Much Love Will Kill You\" is a song written by British guitarist Brian May of Queen, Frank Musker and Elizabeth Lamers."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bangladesh Islami Chhatrashibir (), is an Islamic student organization based in Bangladesh. It was established on 06 February 1977. The organisation is generally understood to be the student wing of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, and several of the leaders of the student organisation have gone on to become notable leaders within Jamaat. The organisation has a significant presence in higher educational institutions of the country such as University of Dhaka, University of Chittagong, Rajshahi University, SUST, BUET, DUET, Medical College. Recently however, the student Organisation has been under pressure from the Bangladesh government led by the ruling party Awami League and its student wing, the Bangladesh Chhatra League. History Bangladesh Islami Chhatrashibir was established on 6 February 1977 at the Dhaka University central mosque. Their stated mission is \"to seek the pleasure of Allah (SWT) by moulding entire human life in accordance with the code, bestowed by Allah (SWT) and exemplified by\n\nNeidan, or internal alchemy (), is an array of esoteric doctrines and physical, mental, and spiritual practices that Taoist initiates use to prolong life and create an immortal spiritual body that would survive after death. Also known as Jindan ( \"golden elixir\"), inner alchemy combines theories derived from external alchemy (waidan ), correlative cosmology (including the Five Phases), the emblems of the Yijing, and medical theory, with techniques of Taoist meditation, daoyin gymnastics, and sexual hygiene. In neidan, the human body becomes a cauldron (or \"ding\") in which the Three Treasures of Jing (\"Essence\"), Qi (\"Breath\") and Shen (\"Spirit\") are cultivated for the purpose of improving physical, emotional and mental health, and ultimately returning to the primordial unity of the Tao, i.e., attaining Taoist Immortality. It is believed the Xiuzhen Tu is such a cultivation map. In China, it is an important form of practice for most schools of Taoism.\n\nAlexios III Angelos (Greek: \u0386\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0386\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2; 1211), Latinized as Alexius III Angelus, was Byzantine Emperor from March 1195 to 17/18 July 1203. He reigned under the name Alexios Komnenos (Greek: \u0386\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2), associating himself with the Komnenos dynasty (from which he was descended matrilineally). A member of the extended imperial family, Alexios came to the throne after deposing, blinding and imprisoning his younger brother Isaac II Angelos. The most significant event of his reign was the attack of the Fourth Crusade on Constantinople in 1203, on behalf of Alexios IV Angelos. Alexios III took over the defence of the city, which he mismanaged, and then fled the city at night with one of his three daughters. From Adrianople, and then Mosynopolis, he attempted unsuccessfully to rally his supporters, only to end up a captive of Marquis Boniface of Montferrat. He was ransomed and sent to Asia Minor where he plotted\n\nQuestion: What's Neidan?", "output": "Neidan, or internal alchemy, is an array of esoteric doctrines and physical, mental, and spiritual practices that Taoist initiates use to prolong life and create an immortal spiritual body that would survive after death."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Louis McLaughlin Orr (May 7, 1958 \u2013 December 15, 2022) was an American basketball player and coach. He played professionally in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and became a college basketball coach. Orr was the head coach at Bowling Green State University from 2007\u20132014 and at Seton Hall from 2001 until 2006. He was formerly an assistant at Xavier University, Providence College and his alma mater Syracuse University, before getting his first head coaching job at Siena College. He was also an assistant coach at Georgetown under his former New York Knicks teammate Patrick Ewing. Playing career Orr attended Withrow High School where he was coached by Charles Cadle. Orr was recruited by Jim Boeheim as part of his first recruiting class to play at Syracuse University from 1976 to 1980, and was part of the famed \"Louie & Bouie Show\" with teammate Roosevelt Bouie. The duo was named so\n\nJohann Ludwig Jacob (January 1, 1903 \u2013 September 13, 1992), professionally known as Lou Jacobs, was a German-born American auguste clown who performed for Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus for more than 60 years. He was inducted into the International Clown Hall of Fame in 1989. He is credited with popularizing the clown car, which has been a staple of circus clown acts ever since. He is also often cited as the originator of the red rubber ball nose, which is used by many clowns today. He was the first living person to have his portrait appear on an American postage stamp. Career in US In 1923, Lou Jacobs came to the U. S. on a steamship. His older brother Karl, had already made it to the U. S. and worked in the Keith Orpheum Theater as a contortionist. He saved up $150.00 to pay for his brother's\n\nMohammed Boualem Benchicou (; born 1952 in Miliana, A\u00efn Defla Province) was the director and publisher of the Algerian newspaper Le Matin (), closed in August 2006. Career In 1989, he was one of the founders of the movement of Algerian journalists (MJA) a movement born during the opening of the media field. He then leads the team which relaunched Alger R\u00e9publicain, banned from publication in 1965. Benchicou left Alger R\u00e9publicain in 1991 with Sa\u00efd Mekbel and Fodil Mezali and founded the daily newspaper Le Matin of opposition. In June 2004, he was sentenced to two years in prison for an infraction in money exchange regulation. In July, SIMPRAL, the Algiers-based government publisher, stopped printing Le Matin for its failure to pay a debt of 38 million dinars ($535,200) PEN (the international association of writers) describes the prison in which Benchicou was in as harsh and infested with lice and\n\nQuestion: What is Louis Orr?", "output": "Louis McLaughlin Orr was an American basketball player and coach."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Drummond is a former village in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada. It held village status prior to 2023 and is now part of the town of Grand Falls. It is located in rolling farmland approximately 5 kilometres southeast of Grand Falls, of which it is administratively a part. Drummond's economy is centred on the potato industry, and cereal crops such as wheat, barley and oats are grown mainly through crop rotation. More than 50% of the potatoes grown are sold for processing to McCain Foods Limited, and 45% are grown as seed potatoes for inter-provincial and international export. History The village was first settled by Irish immigrants in the 1850s. It was named after Gordon Drummond, a major in the British Army. Acadian settlement occurred during the latter half of the 19th century. On 1 January 2023, Drummond amalgamated with the town of Grand Falls The community's name remains in official\n\nFour discourses is a concept developed by French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. He argued that there were four fundamental types of discourse. He defined four discourses, which he called Master, University, Hysteric and Analyst, and suggested that these relate dynamically to one another. Lacan's theory of the four discourses was initially developed in 1969, perhaps in response to the events of social unrest during May 1968 in France, but also through his discovery of what he believed were deficiencies in the orthodox reading of the Oedipus complex. The four discourses theory is presented in his seminar L'envers de la psychanalyse and in Radiophonie, where he starts using \"discourse\" as a social bond founded in intersubjectivity. He uses the term discourse to stress the transindividual nature of language: speech always implies another subject. Necessity of formalising psychoanalysis Prior to the development of the four discourses, the primary guideline for clinical psychoanalysis was\n\nThe Fountain of Youth Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually at Gulfstream Park in Hallandale Beach, Florida in late February. A Grade II event open to three-year-olds willing to race one and one-sixteenth miles on the dirt, it currently offers a purse of $300,000. It is the final stakes prep to the Florida Derby and is an official prep race on the Road to the Kentucky Derby. History The race was named for the mythical Florida spring that granted eternal youth. It was sought by Spanish explorer Ponce de Leon who searched throughout the southeastern United States for it without success. The race has long been a major prep for the Kentucky Derby, with multiple horses being victorious in both races. Four colts, Tim Tam (1958), Kauai King (1966), Spectacular Bid (1979) and Thunder Gulch (1995), won this race then went on to become \"Dual Classic Winners,\"\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Fountain of Youth Stakes is.", "output": "The Fountain of Youth Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually at Gulfstream Park in Hallandale Beach, Florida in late February."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Apertium is a free/open-source rule-based machine translation platform. It is free software and released under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Overview Apertium is a transfer-based machine translation system, which uses finite state transducers for all of its lexical transformations, and Constraint Grammar taggers as well as hidden Markov models or Perceptrons for part-of-speech tagging / word category disambiguation. A structural transfer component is responsible for word movement and agreement; most Apertium language pairs up until now have used \"chunking\" or shallow transfer rules, though newer pairs use (possibly recursive) rules defined in a Context-free grammar. Many existing machine translation systems available at present are commercial or use proprietary technologies, which makes them very hard to adapt to new usages. Apertium code and data is free software and uses a language-independent specification, to allow for the ease of contributing to Apertium, more efficient development, and enhancing the project's\n\nLuc Malo (born November 2, 1973) is a Canadian politician, who was a Member of Parliament for the riding of Verch\u00e8res\u2014Les Patriotes from 2006 to 2011. He ran as a member of the Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois in the 2006 federal election and won with approximately 57% of the vote. As a member of the Bloc Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois Shadow Cabinet, he was the Bloc's critic for the Minister of Sport. Malo was born in Contrecoeur, Quebec, and graduated with a Master of Business Administration degree from the Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke. From 1996 until 2001, he was an attach\u00e9 and chief of staff for St\u00e9phane Bergeron, the Member of Parliament (MP) for Verch\u00e8res\u2014Les Patriotes, then called Verch\u00e8res. In 2003 and 2004, he continued to serve as an attach\u00e9, becoming a research associate for the riding's Member of Parliament in 2005. He presently works as an advisor and business development consultant. Malo has stated that\n\nSocialist Students is a socialist organisation with branches in universities, further education colleges and sixth form colleges in the United Kingdom. Socialist Students was established in the late 1990s by members of the Socialist Party (SP) who had built support for the Save Free Education Campaign amongst students in the battle over the introduction of fees when the Labour Party under Tony Blair was elected in 1997. Socialist Students describes itself as a politically independent organisation, and has its own national committee meetings and annual conference at which motions are debated and voted on. Socialist Students produces the political magazine Megaphone. It is affiliated with International Socialist Resistance and takes part in campaigns such as Youth Fight for Jobs and \"Hands off our Schools\" against city academies. The two organisations have a joint presence on anti-war and anti-G8/climate change demonstrations, which they term the \"Red Contingent\". Socialist Students has been\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Socialist Students is.", "output": "Socialist Students is a socialist organisation with branches in universities, further education colleges and sixth form colleges in the United Kingdom."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "La Goulette (, ), in Arabic Halq al-Wadi ( ), is a municipality and the port of Tunis, Tunisia. La Goulette is located at around on a sandbar between Lake T\u016bnis and the Gulf of Tunis. The port, located 12km east of Tunis, is the point of convergence of Tunisia's major road and rail networks. La Goulette is linked to Tunis by the TGM railway and to Europe by a ferry service. Origin of the name The name derives from the \"gullet\" or \"river's throat\", a channel where the city is located, and not from the ship type schooner, called go\u00e9lette, gulet, goleta or goletta in French, Turkish, Spanish and Italian. Transit activities In addition to its transit and cruise activities, the port of La Goulette also receives ships carrying cargoes such as cars, bulk cereals. It handles a large portion of the country's imports and much of its exports\n\nRiverbend Mall was a shopping mall located in Rome, Georgia. It was open from 1975 to 2002, when it was demolished and replaced with a strip mall. The mall was built by the Ledbetter family, local developers that continue to own the property it sits on today. The Mall was the scene of a notorious kidnapping on September 25, 1982, of thirteen-year-old Lisa Ann Millican, by sexual predators Alvin and Judith Neelley. Millican was subsequently murdered by the Neelleys. Early history At its peak, the mall contained three anchors: Belk Rhodes, Miller Brothers, and J. C. Penney. All three anchors were only one story and the JCPenney was one of the smallest in the chain. Other stores in the mall included a Revco Drug (later CVS), Morrison's Cafeteria, Circus World (later KB Toys), GNC, Riverbend Cinema, World Bazaar, Walden Books, Martin's Men's Wear, Dollar Tree, Faye's Hallmark, Briar Patch, King\n\nRiley Mackey Odoms (born March 1, 1950) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at the University of Houston, where he had a highlight year in 1971 with 45 catches for 730 yards and 8 touchdowns after playing sparingly the two seasons prior. Odoms played his entire NFL career with Denver. He was drafted fifth overall in the 1972 NFL Draft, which tied him with Mike Ditka for the highest drafted tight end ever in the NFL Draft. That record stood for 49 years until the 2021 NFL Draft, where Kyle Pitts was selected fourth overall. Odoms was a four-time Pro Bowl selection and was a two-time All-Pro. He finished his career with 396 receptions for 5,755 yards and 41 touchdowns. He is the grandson of Baseball Hall of Famer Biz\n\nQuestion: What is La Goulette", "output": "La Goulette, in Arabic Halq al-Wadi, is a municipality and the port of Tunis, Tunisia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rhodogune (; 2nd century BCE) was a queen of the Seleucid Empire by marriage to Demetrius II Nicator. She was the daughter of the Parthian king Mithridates I (171 BCE-132 BCE), and sister of Phraates II (ruled 132 BCE-127 BCE). Life In 138 BCE Rhodogune married Seleucid King Demetrius II Nicator (ruled 146-139 BCE, 129-126 BCE). They were kept by her brother in Hyrcania on the shores of the Caspian Sea, during which time they had several children. During their marriage, Demetrius was temporarily a hostage in the Parthian court after an ill-fated campaign in Babylonia. Polyaenus wrote that Rhodogune, informed of a revolt while preparing for a bath, vowed not to bathe or brush her hair until the revolt was quashed. She immediately went into battle, riding out to the head of her army. She defeated the rebels, and was depicted thereafter on seals of the kings of Persia\n\nTeresa Mary \"Tessie\" O'Shea (13 March 1913 \u2013 21 April 1995) was a Welsh entertainer and actress. Early life O'Shea was born at 61 Plantagenet Street in Riverside, Cardiff to newspaper wholesaler James Peter O'Shea, who had been a soldier and who was the son of Irish emigrants, and his wife Nellie Theresa Carr. O'Shea was reared in the British music hall tradition and performed on stage as early as age six, billed as \"The Wonder of Wales\". When staying at Weston-super-Mare as a child, she got lost and was only discovered when her mother heard her singing the Ernie Mayne hit, \"An N'Egg and some N'Ham and some N'Onion\". Career By her teens she was known for her BBC Radio broadcasts and appeared on stages in Britain and South Africa. She frequently finished her act by singing and playing a banjolele in the style of George Formby. While appearing\n\nS\u00e4ben Abbey (; ; ) was a Benedictine nunnery located near Klausen in South Tyrol, northern Italy. It was established in 1687, when it was first settled by the nuns of Nonnberg Abbey in Salzburg. The last nuns left the abbey in 2021. History S\u00e4ben (from ), situated on the \"holy mountain\", was for centuries a centre of pilgrimage and controlled an extensive religious precinct. Situated above the town of Klausen, the hill it is built on was already settled during the New Stone Age. On the site of the present nunnery there was an earlier Roman settlement. Between the 6th century and about 960 there was a bishopric (episcopatus Sabiona) seated here. The church \"im Weinberg\" dates from that time and its remains have been excavated along with a large burial ground in recent times. Bishop Ingenuin is documented as a participant in the Synod of Grado in 579.\n\nQuestion: What's S\u00e4ben Abbey?", "output": "S\u00e4ben Abbey was a Benedictine nunnery located near Klausen in South Tyrol, northern Italy."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Carl Ferdinand von Jaenisch (, Karl Andreyevich Yanish; April 11, 1813 \u2013 March 7, 1872) was a Finnish and Russian chess player and theorist. In the 1840s, he was among the top players in the world. Life and career Born in Vyborg, he began a military career in Finland, but soon moved to Russia to teach rational mechanics in Petersburg (now Saint Petersburg). He dedicated his life to mathematics and chess, two subjects which he considered closely related. He tried to show their connections in his work D\u00e9couvertes sur le cavalier (aux \u00e9checs), published in Petersburg in 1837. In 1842\u201343, he published a book on the openings in two volumes: Analyse Nouvelle des ouvertures. In 1862\u201363, he published his major work: Trait\u00e9 des applications de l'analyse math\u00e9matique au jeu des \u00e9checs, in three volumes. He wanted to take part in the London 1851 chess tournament, but arrived late and instead\n\nEsterel Technologies is a supplier of model-based design, validation, and code generation tools for safety-critical software and hardware applications. Esterel's tools create formal specifications that produce control designs code in software and/or hardware. Esterel Technologies, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ansys, Inc., has offices in \u00c9lancourt, France, and Mountain View, California. Esterel also has direct sales offices in Ottobrunn, Germany, Bracknell, United Kingdom, and Shanghai, P.R. China. Distributors in Japan, China, South Korea, Israel, and India complement the Esterel direct sales offices. Products The Esterel Technologies' SCADE Product Family includes: SCADE System, SCADE Suite, SCADE Display, and SCADE LifeCycle. SCADE Suite was acquired from Telelogic in 2001. In September 2006, Esterel Technologies acquired the IMAGE product from Thales and Diehl Aerospace. It is now proposed as SCADE Display, a display framework targeted for Real-time applications, for prototyping, display design, simulation, verification and validation, DO-178B certified code generation (up to level\n\nA counting-out game or counting-out rhyme is a simple method of 'randomly' selecting a person from a group, often used by children for the purpose of playing another game. It usually requires no materials, and is achieved with spoken words or hand gestures. The historian Henry Carrington Bolton suggested in his 1888 book Counting Out Rhymes of Children that the custom of counting out originated in the \"superstitious practices of divination by lots.\" Many such methods involve one person pointing at each participant in a circle of players while reciting a rhyme. A new person is pointed at as each word is said. The player who is selected at the conclusion of the rhyme is \"it\" or \"out\". In an alternate version, the circle of players may each put two feet in and at the conclusion of the rhyme, that player removes one foot and the rhyme starts over with\n\nQuestion: Define Counting-out game.", "output": "A counting-out game or counting-out rhyme is a simple method of 'randomly' selecting a person from a group, often used by children for the purpose of playing another game."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "If You Love Me, Let Me Know is a United States and Canada-only album by singer Olivia Newton-John, released on 28 May 1974. Other than the title track, all the material was from her previous three albums, Olivia (1972), Music Makes My Day (1973) and Long Live Love (1974). It is her first album to top the Billboard 200 pop albums chart. Two hit singles were released from the album, the title song and \"I Honestly Love You\", the latter of which became Newton-John's first number-one US single, and her signature song as well. Background Six of the tracks on the album are from her European and Australian release, Long Live Love, two are tracks from Olivia and one from Music Makes My Day, with the title song being the only new addition. Reception It was the first of two Newton-John albums to top the Billboard 200 pop albums chart,\n\nBootleg Versions is a remix album released by R&B and Reggae Fusion group The Fugees. The album was released on November 26, 1996. The album features only eight tracks, including seven remixes, and one new recording. The album along with their previous album, The Score, was later re-issued in 2001, as a double album, \"The Complete Score\" and in 2011, the two albums along with their first, Blunted on Reality was released as a 3-CD box set, \"Original Album Classics\". The album peaked at #127 on the Billboard 200 in the United States. Track listing \"Ready or Not\" (Clark Kent/Django Remix) (Hill, Jean, Michel, Lewis) \u2013 5:17 \"Nappy Heads\" (Mad Spider Mix) (Hill, Jean, Michel) \u2013 4:27 \"Don't Cry Dry Your Eyes\" (Hill, Jean, Michel) \u2013 4:15 \"Vocab\" (Salaam's Remix) (Hill, Jean, Michel) \u2013 7:00 \"Ready or Not\" (Salaam's Ready For The Show Remix) (Hill, Jean, Michel) \u2013 4:42 \"Killing\n\nThe chestnut-fronted macaw or severe macaw (Ara severus) is one of the largest of the mini-macaws. It reaches a size of around of which around half is the length of the tail. They can be found over a large part of Northern South America from Panama south into Amazonian Brazil and central Bolivia. A feral population is found in Florida. Their lifespan is listed as anything from 30 to 80 years of age. Taxonomy The chestnut-fronted macaw was formally described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. He placed it with all the other parrots in the genus Psittacus and coined the binomial name Psittacus severus. This macaw is now one of the eight extant species placed the genus Ara that was erected in 1799 by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lac\u00e9p\u00e8de. The genus name is from ar\u00e1 meaning \"macaw\"\n\nQuestion: What is Bootleg Versions", "output": "Bootleg Versions is a remix album released by R&B and Reggae Fusion group  The Fugees."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "H\u00e9ro\u00efnes is a 1997 French drama film directed by G\u00e9rard Krawczyk and starring Virginie Ledoyen. Plot Two best friends, Johanna and Jeanne, live in the small town of Decazeville, a mining town in France. One year at the Miners' Ball, the music group The Sirens perform, of which Johanna and Jeanne are members. In a spontaneous moment, a new friend of Johanna's (named Luc) discovers Johanna and Jeanne's incredible musical talent and singing ability when they sing a duet together without musical accompaniment. The two girls begin practicing and recording in a studio together with the help of Luc and an arranger, Jasper, and finally manage to record a tape with a few songs. A co-worker of Jeanne's joins their team as Jasper's assistant. Just after Luc leaves for Paris to take the tape around to various record companies, the others spot posters for a music contest, but only single\n\nSuspense is a state of mental uncertainty, anxiety, being undecided, or being doubtful. In a narrative work, suspense is the audience's excited anticipation about the plot or conflict (which may be heightened by a violent moment, stressful scene, puzzle, mystery, etc.), particularly as it affects a character for whom the audience feels sympathy. However, suspense is not exclusive to narratives. In narratives In literature, films, television, and plays, suspense is a major device for securing and maintaining interest. It may be of several major types: in one, the outcome is uncertain and the suspense resides in the question of who, what, or how; in another, the outcome is inevitable from foregoing events, and the suspense resides in the audience's anxious or frightened anticipation in the question of when. Readers feel suspense when they are deeply curious about what will happen next, or when they know what is likely to happen\n\nSir Charles Spencer Chaplin (16 April 188925 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, the Tramp, and is considered one of the film industry's most important figures. His career spanned more than 75 years, from childhood in the Victorian era until a year before his death in 1977, and encompassed both adulation and controversy. Chaplin's childhood in London was one of poverty and hardship. His father was absent and his mother struggled financiallyhe was sent to a workhouse twice before the age of nine. When he was 14, his mother was committed to a mental asylum. Chaplin began performing at an early age, touring music halls and later working as a stage actor and comedian. At 19, he was signed to the Fred Karno company, which took him\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Charlie Chaplin is.", "output": "Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Peter Lurie is an American voice actor, sports anchor and television personality who has worked in television shows, movies, and dubbed anime, since the mid-1990s. He is most well known for his role as the voice of Vulcan Raven in the Metal Gear video game series, Marvel Comics supervillain Sabretooth and Paxton Fettel of F.E.A.R. series. He currently works as an HRTV, TVG Network anchor, and as an in-house host for Hoosier Park, and for Indiana Grand Racetrack as well. Biography 1980s Early in his career, Lurie worked as a tour guide at Universal Studios Hollywood. The owner of the recording studio heard Lurie giving a tour, and recommended he try out voice acting. Six months later, Lurie got his first job as a sound engineer for ABC's Wild World of Kids. During this time, he also continued to develop music with a band he co-founded called \u201cFourth Car Foreign\u201d.\n\nChile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country located in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. With an area of and a population of 17.5 million as of 2017, Chile shares borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. The country also controls several Pacific islands, including Juan Fern\u00e1ndez, Isla Salas y G\u00f3mez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island, and claims about of Antarctica as the Chilean Antarctic Territory. The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago, and the national language is Spanish. Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, replacing Inca rule, but failed to conquer the independent Mapuche people who inhabited what is now south-central Chile. Chile\n\nJames Mundy (June 28, 1907 \u2013 April 24, 1983) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist, arranger, and composer, best known for his arrangements for Benny Goodman, Count Basie, and Earl Hines. Mundy died of cancer in New York City at the age of 75. Discography Jimmy Mundy / Jimmy Mundy Orchestra 1937\u20131947: Jimmy Mundy 1937\u20131947 (Classics 1200) May 1946: \"Bumble Boogie\" / \"One O'Clock Boogie\" (Aladdin 131) June 1946: \"I Gotta Put You Down Pt 1\" / \"I Gotta Put You Down Pt 2\" (Aladdin 132) 1958: On a Mundy Flight (Epic LN 3475) 2002: Fiesta in Brass (Golden Era LP-15060) As arranger With Chet Baker Baker's Holiday (Limelight, 1965) With Al Hibbler After the Lights Go Down Low (Atlantic 1957) With Illinois Jacquet The Soul Explosion (Prestige, 1969) With Harry James Harry James and His Orchestra 1948\u201349 (Big Band Landmarks Vol. X & XI, 1969) With Sonny Stitt Sonny\n\nQuestion: What is Peter Lurie?", "output": "Peter Lurie is an American voice actor, sports anchor and television personality who has worked in television shows, movies, and dubbed anime, since the mid-1990s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Khon Kaen University () or KKU (\u0e21\u0e02.) is a public research university, and it is one of the most prestigious universities in Thailand. The university was the first institution of higher education in the northeastern Thailand and remains the oldest and the most competitive university in the region. The university is a hub of education in northeast Thailand. It is a widely recognized university in Asia with strong emphasis on medicine, engineering, science, agriculture and social science. Khon Kaen University was ranked 21st in Southeast Asia by Time Higher Education in 2009, and 4th in Thailand by The Office of Higher Education Commission. History In 1941 during the reign of King Ananda Mahidol with the government of Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram as Prime Minister, there have been policies and projects to expand higher education to the provinces. For the northeastern region, a university have been established in Ubon Ratchathani Province\n\nPaul Carell was the post-war pen name of Paul Karl Schmidt (2 November 1911 \u2013 20 June 1997) who was a writer and German propagandist. During the Nazi era, Schmidt served as the chief press spokesman for Joachim von Ribbentrop's Foreign Ministry. In this capacity during World War II, he maintained close ties with the Wehrmacht, while he served in the Allgemeine-SS (General SS). One of his specialities was the \"Jewish question\". After the war, Carell became a successful author whose books romanticized and whitewashed the Wehrmacht. Some may disagree with this view, arguing that nowhere in Carrell's two-volume work on the Russo-German War, is there any mention of glorifying Hitler or Nazism. In fact, Carrell/Schmidt criticises Hitler many times throughout. Career before and during World War II Born in Kelbra, Paul Karl Schmidt became a member of the Nazi Party in 1931 and a member of the SS in\n\nHow to Beat the High Cost of Living is a 1980 American comedy heist film directed by Robert Scheerer and starring Susan Saint James, Jane Curtin, and Jessica Lange. Set in the aftermath of the economic recession of the 1970s, the film follows three women in suburban Oregon who, each facing personal and financial crises and desperate for money, devise a plan to steal a large amount of cash from a giveaway event in the local shopping mall. The film features supporting performances by Dabney Coleman, Fred Willard, Richard Benjamin, Eddie Albert, Scott Elliott, Cathryn Damon, Sybil Danning, and a cameo by Curtin's fellow Saturday Night Live co-star Garrett Morris. The film was produced by American International Pictures (AIP) but released under Filmways in the summer of 1980, as AIP had merged with the latter following the film's completion. It is considered the final AIP production, before its revival by\n\nQuestion: Who is Paul Carell", "output": "Paul Carell was the post-war pen name of Paul Karl Schmidt who was a writer and German propagandist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Invershin railway station is a railway station in the Highland council area of Scotland. The station is on the Far North Line, from , between Culrain and Lairg. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services. History The station opened on 13 April 1868, as part of the Sutherland Railway, later becoming part of the Highland Railway and later the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. Location It is extremely close to the previous station on the line, at , situated at the opposite side of Shin Viaduct (or 'Oykel Viaduct'), a major structure on the Far North line which crosses the Kyle of Sutherland at its narrowest point. Facilities Invershin only has very basic facilities, being a waiting shelter, a help point and bike racks. As there are no facilities to purchase tickets, passengers must buy one in advance, or from the guard on the train. On , Transport Scotland\n\nThe pin-striped tit-babbler (Mixornis gularis), also known as the yellow-breasted babbler, is a species of bird in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae that is found in South and Southeast Asia. Taxonomy and systematics The pin-striped tit-babbler was formally described in 1822 by the American naturalist Thomas Horsfield based on a specimen collected in Sumatra. He coined the binomial name Timalia gularis. The pin-striped tit-babbler was formerly placed in the genus Macronus but based on the results of a large molecular phylogenetic study published in 2019, the species was moved to the genus Mixornis that had been introduced in 1842 by the English zoologist Edward Blyth. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek mixis meaning \"mixed\" or \"mingling\" with ornis meaning \"bird\". The specific epithet gularis is Modern Latin meaning \"-throated\". The pin-striped tit-babbler belongs within a clade that includes the genera Dumetia and Timalia. The species has also been\n\nJohn Mark Eustace (born 3 November 1979) is an English professional football coach and former player who was most recently head coach of club Birmingham City. During his playing career, he played as a central midfielder for Coventry City, Stoke City, Watford and Derby County. He also spent time on loan at Dundee United, Middlesbrough and Hereford United. After retiring as a player, Eustace served as manager of Kidderminster Harriers between 2016 and 2018, eventually leaving to become assistant manager of Queens Park Rangers in 2018. He had a brief spell as caretaker manager at QPR in 2019. Playing career Coventry City Born in Solihull, Eustace began his career as a trainee at Coventry City. Despite the fact that he was at the club for seven years, he only recorded 98 appearances in all competitions due to injuries. At 19 he went out on loan to Dundee United to gain\n\nQuestion: Define Invershin railway station.", "output": "Invershin railway station is a railway station in the Highland council area of Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Joseph \"Jihad Jack\" Terrence Thomas (born 1973) is an Australian citizen who undertook pistol, light firearm and demolition training with Al-Qaeda. Osama Bin Laden visited his training camp three times while he was in attendance and he shook hands with him. He was convicted for receiving funds from Al-Qaeda, which was later overturned on appeal. Thomas, commonly referred to in Australian media as \"Jihad Jack\", was acquitted of providing resources that would assist in a terrorist act before becoming the first Australian to be placed under a control order under the Australian Anti-Terrorism Act 2005. Terrorism conviction Joseph Terrence Thomas was the first Australian to be convicted under anti-terrorism laws introduced in Australia after the 11 September 2001 attacks in the United States. He was sentenced on 31 March 2006 to five years prison with a non-parole period of two years. Thomas's lawyer, Rob Stary, described the not guilty verdicts\n\nLa Cueva High School is a public high school located in northeast Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, within the Albuquerque Public Schools District. Its mascot is the Bears. The La Cueva feeder schools include Desert Ridge, Madison, and Eisenhower middle schools; and Dennis Chavez, Double Eagle, E. G. Ross, Hubert Humphrey, and North Star elementary schools. La Cueva opened in 1986 with 1200 students. School Grade The NMPED (New Mexico Public Education department) replaced the No Child Left Behind Act and AYP testing with a new school grading formula, which took effect for the 2010\u201311 school year. The grade is calculated using many forms of testing, and includes graduation rates. Academics La Cueva has been a New Mexico Exemplary School for several years, and the only APS high school to meet AYP. According to www.greatschools.net, La Cueva is one of few high schools in the state to receive a GreatSchools\n\nBullfrog is a common English language term to refer to large, aggressive frogs, regardless of species. Examples of bullfrogs include: Frog species America Helmeted water toad (Calyptocephalella gayi), endemic to Chile American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), indigenous to North America Cane toad (Rhinella marina), a toad indigenous to Central and South America, called 'bullfrog' in the Philippines Australia Limnodynastes dorsalis, found in Southwest Australia Limnodynastes dumerilii, found in Western Australia Giant banjo frog (Limnodynastes interioris), found in Eastern Australia Africa African bullfrog (Pyxicephalus adspersus), found in central and southern Africa Calabresi's bullfrog (Pyxicephalus obbianus), found in Somalia Crowned bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus occipitalis), found in much of Africa Edible bullfrog (Pyxicephalus edulis), found in much of Africa Asia Banded bullfrog (Kaloula pulchra), found in Southeast Asia Chinese edible frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) or East Asian Bullfrog, found in China and Southeast Asia Hoplobatrachus crassus or Jerdon's bullfrog, found in India Hoplobatrachus tigerinus or Indus\n\nQuestion: Define La Cueva High School.", "output": "La Cueva High School is a public high school located in northeast Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, within the Albuquerque Public Schools District."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dynamic financial analysis (DFA) is a simulation approach that looks at an insurance enterprise's risks holistically as opposed to traditional actuarial analysis, which analyzes risks individually. Specifically, DFA reveals the dependencies of hazards and their impacts on the insurance company's financial well being such as business mix, reinsurance, asset allocation, profitability, solvency, and compliance. In addition to projecting stochastic future economic scenarios through using scenario generators such as interest rate, underwriting cycle and jurisdictional risk models, DFA also links the scenarios with the financial models of the targeted insurance company that is being analyzed. Such models not only reveal the operation and the business structure of the company, but also uncover the dependencies among its business practices. Because DFA tries to account for every aspect of the company, it produces a vast amount of data. As a result, analyzing and presenting the outputs effectively is of great importance. Objectives DFA\n\nThe captopril challenge test (CCT) is a non-invasive medical test that measures the change in renin plasma-levels in response to administration of captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used to assist in the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. It is not generally considered a useful test for children, and more suitable options are available for adult cases. Procedure Plasma concentration of renin is measured prior to and following the administration of captopril. The CCT is considered positive if the renin levels increase substantially or the baseline renin level is abnormally high. An abnormal captopril test is indicative of the presence of renovascular disease. In adults CCT in adults is known to have high sensitivity, but a low specificity. Subtraction angiography is considered a more suitable test for renal artery stenosis in adults. See also Captopril suppression test - used to diagnose primary aldosteronism References Blood tests Dynamic endocrine\n\nUnder Indian criminal law, there is a provision for anticipatory bail under Section 438(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code. Law Commission of India in its 41st report recommended to incorporate this provision in procedure code. This provision allows a person to seek bail in anticipation of an arrest on accusation of having committed a non-bailable offence. On filing anticipatory bail, the opposing party is notified about the bail application and the opposition can then contest the bail application in court (public prosecutor can also be used to do this). Anticipatory bail is a direction to release a person on bail, issued even before the person is arrested. It is only issued by the Sessions Court and High Court. Eligibility When any person apprehends that there is a move to get him arrested on false or trumped-up charges, or due to enmity with someone, or he fears that a false case\n\nQuestion: Define Dynamic financial analysis.", "output": "Dynamic financial analysis is a simulation approach that looks at an insurance enterprise's risks holistically as opposed to traditional actuarial analysis, which analyzes risks individually."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wig Wamania is the second studio album by Norwegian glam metal band Wig Wam. The album was released on 13 March, 2006, and produced by the band's guitarist Trond Holter. The album's first single \"Gonna Get You Someday\" was released on 7 February, 2006 and was also featured on the soundtrack for the Norwegian 2006 movie Lange Flate Ball\u00e6r. Two bonus tracks were added for the Japanese version of the album, \"After the Nine O'Clock News\" and \"Flying High\", the latter being the first recording with bassist Bernt Jansen singing lead vocals. In October 2006, Wig Wam released an acoustic version of the album's song \"Bygone Zone\" and performed the single for TV-aksjonen, an annual national Norwegian charity fund raising event, with all the sale proceeds from the single being donated to M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res. Wig Wamania is certified gold in Norway. Track listing Personnel Wig Wam Glam (\u00c5ge Sten\n\nIf Nobody Speaks of Remarkable Things is British writer Jon McGregor's first novel, which was first published by Bloomsbury in 2002. It portrays a day in the life of a suburban British street, with the plot alternately following the lives of the street's various inhabitants. All but one person's viewpoint is described in the third person, and the narrative uses a flowing grammatical style which mimics their thought processes. Receiving generally positive critical reviews, the book notably won the prestigious Somerset Maugham Award, issued by the Society of Authors. Inspiration On his website, Jon McGregor explains that the book began partly as a book about the reaction to the death of Princess Diana, set in 'a street where life was going on regardless'. His aim was 'to take a day in the life of one street in a city, and try to show the vast multiplicity of stories which were\n\nSunningdale School is a family-run boys' preparatory independent boarding school of around 100 pupils, situated in Sunningdale in Berkshire, close to London, England. Introduction Sunningdale School is a small school that seeks to educate its pupils in a range of subjects and disciplines, and to encourage them to take the Common Entrance Examination for entry to senior independent boarding schools. In previous decades, many former pupils have gone on to some of Britain's best independent schools, including Eton College, Harrow School, Oundle School, Shrewsbury School, Radley College, Winchester College, Sherborne School, Marlborough College, Wellington College and Charterhouse. Founded in 1874 by William Girdlestone, it stands in of gardens and grounds. He was later joined by his son, Theophilus Girdlestone, who helped run the school for the next quarter of a century until an unfortunate period for the family with Girdlestone dying on 22 February 1897 and Theophilus quickly following on\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Wig Wamania is.", "output": "Wig Wamania is the second studio album by Norwegian glam metal band Wig Wam."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Five Star Prison Cell was an Australian four-piece band from Melbourne, Australia, whose music was generally labelled as tech metal or math rock. They were known for their use of unusual time signatures, dissonant guitar riffs, and a vocal approach that explored many different avenues and styles. History Five Star Prison Cell was formed in 2004 from members of various other bands. Vocalist Adam Glynn came from Melbourne band Frankenbok, Marc Whitworth had played drums for Gold Coast band Tension and Cameron Macdonald and Mark Holain played bass and guitar in Extra Virgin. The group was initially conceived as a one-off studio project but after Extra Virgin disbanded it was decided to continue with Five Star Prison Cell. In 2005, the band released its debut album The Complete First Season through Faultline Records. During the year the band toured throughout Australia and supported Arch Enemy and Spiderbait. Much of the\n\nBorchen is a municipality in the district of Paderborn, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Geography Location Borchen is situated in the Paderborn tableland, approximately 5 km south of Paderborn. The municipality also contains a small part of the eastern Hellweg area. At the north-western border of Borchen the Altenau flows into the Alme River. Neighbouring municipalities Starting in the north, rotating clockwise, Paderborn, Lichtenau, Bad W\u00fcnnenberg and Salzkotten are neighbouring municipalities of Borchen. Division of the municipality According to \u00a7 4 of Borchen's ordinance the municipality is divided into the following urban areas: Alfen D\u00f6renhagen (including Eggeringhausen and Busch) Etteln Kirchborchen (including Schlo\u00df Hamborn) Nordborchen History Borchen in its current form has only existed since 1969. Its predecessors were governed by the Archdiocese of Paderborn. In the 14th century the Bishopric of Paderborn was formed, which in turn became part of the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle from the 16th century onward. From\n\nCourtney Gains (born August 22, 1965) is an American character actor best known for his portrayal of Malachai in the 1984 horror movie Children of the Corn. Career Gains achieved success during the 1980s with a variety of roles in films such as Children of the Corn, Hardbodies, Lust in the Dust, Back to the Future, Can't Buy Me Love, Secret Admirer, Colors, The 'Burbs, and Memphis Belle. Later films include Sweet Home Alabama, Dorm Daze (which he also executive-produced), Desolation Canyon, and a cameo in Rob Zombie's Halloween remake. In addition to his film work, Gains appeared in the video games Wing Commander III: Heart of the Tiger, LA Noire and guest-starred on episodes of various television series, including Seinfeld, Monk, In the Heat of the Night, ER, JAG, Nash Bridges, Diagnosis: Murder, Charmed, Alias and My Name is Earl. Gains has also worked as an acting coach. Gains\n\nQuestion: What is Five Star Prison Cell", "output": "Five Star Prison Cell was an Australian four-piece band from Melbourne, Australia, whose music was generally labelled as tech metal or math rock."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Elemir (; ) is a village located in the Zrenjanin municipality, in the Central Banat District of Serbia. It is situated in the province of Vojvodina. As of 2011 census, the village has a population of 4,338 inhabitants. Name In Serbian, the village is known as Elemir or \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440, in Hungarian as Elem\u00e9r and in German as Elemer. Demographics As of 2011 census, the village has a population of 4,338 inhabitants. Historical population 1869: 4,359 1900: 4,749 1948: 4,656 1953: 4,757 1961: n/a 1971: 5,001 1981: 4,998 1991: 4,724 2002: 4,690 2011: 4,338 Ethnic groups The ethnic composition of the village (as of 2011 census): Serbs = 4,158 (88.66%) Romani = 181 (3.86%) Hungarians = 93 (1.98%) Yugoslavs = 54 (1.15%) Croats = 24 (0.51%) Others (3.84%) Gallery See also List of places in Serbia List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina References Slobodan \u0106ur\u010di\u0107, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi\n\nis a Japanese television series in the Metal Hero Series franchise. It is the sequel to Juukou B-Fighter, taking place five years after the preceding B-Fighter series. Kabuto aired from 1996 to 1997. The action footage and props were used for the Beetleborgs Metallix series. Plot Five years after the destruction of Jamahl, Earth has returned to peace again. The Earth Academia has become the , a scientific research and military organization, where Takuya Kai works with Sage Guru on a new generation of Insect Armor in the event of another threat to the Earth. This threat is realized when a Cosmo Academia exploration submarine comes across a fissure in the ocean floor, out of which rises a huge flying fortress of the ancient tribe Melzard. This clan has been resting for millennia and seeks to destroy mankind. Matriarch Mother Melzard sends her oldest sons Raija and Dezzle to lead\n\nAn NBC (nuclear, biological, chemical) suit, also called a chem suit, or chemical suit is a type of military personal protective equipment. NBC suits are designed to provide protection against direct contact with and contamination by radioactive, biological, or chemical substances, and provide protection from contamination with radioactive materials and all types of radiation. They are generally designed to be worn for extended periods to allow the wearer to fight (or generally function) while under threat of or under actual nuclear, biological, or chemical attack. The civilian equivalent is the hazmat suit. The term NBC has been replaced by CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear), with the addition of the new threat of radiological weapons. Use NBC stands for nuclear, biological, and chemical. It is a term used in the armed forces and in health and safety, mostly in the context of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) clean-up in overseas conflict\n\nQuestion: What's Elemir?", "output": "Elemir is a village located in the Zrenjanin municipality, in the Central Banat District of Serbia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jewel Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park bordering the northwestern end of Jewel Lake in the Boundary region of south central British Columbia. The park, via BC Highway 3 and Jewel Lake Rd, is about northeast of Greenwood and northwest of Grand Forks Name origin Long Lake, the original name, was first mentioned in 1895 regarding mining claims. In 1898, Randolph Stuart obtained a crown grant for land on the south and west sides of the lake. The next year, British aristocratic Arthur Norris Pelly bought some of this land, which he subdivided to create the Long Lake townsite, but the place amounted to little. Mount Pelly, east of the lake, bears his name. In the mid-1920s, Jewel Lake became the rename. The official adoption of this name occurred in the 1950s, as did the rename of Granite Creek to Jewel Creek. Physiography and aquatic life The lake is\n\nKeratan sulfate (KS), also called keratosulfate, is any of several sulfated glycosaminoglycans (structural carbohydrates) that have been found especially in the cornea, cartilage, and bone. It is also synthesized in the central nervous system where it participates both in development and in the glial scar formation following an injury. Keratan sulfates are large, highly hydrated molecules which in joints can act as a cushion to absorb mechanical shock. Structure Like other glycosaminoglycans keratan sulfate is a linear polymer that consists of a repeating disaccharide unit. Keratan sulfate occurs as a proteoglycan (PG) in which KS chains are attached to cell-surface or extracellular matrix proteins, termed core proteins. KS core proteins include lumican, keratocan, mimecan, fibromodulin, PRELP, osteoadherin, and aggrecan. The basic repeating disaccharide unit within keratan sulfate is -3Gal\u03b21-4GlcNAc6S\u03b21-. This can be sulfated at carbon position 6 (C6) of either or both the Gal or GlcNAc monosaccharides. However, the detailed\n\nEnniskillen Castle is situated in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. It was originally built in the 16th century and now contains the Fermanagh County Museum and a museum for the 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards and Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers. History Hugh Maguire built a castle at Enniskillen in 1428. It was besieged by Captain John Dowdall's troops at the start of 1594 and fell on 2 February after a short siege, when the occupants were massacred after they surrendered. The castle was again under siege later that year but was relieved. The fortress finally fell to the Irish in 1595. The castle remained in Irish hands until it fell to the crown's Irish ally, Niall Garve O'Donnell in the summer of 1602. In 1607 Captain William Cole was given command of the castle. Cole remodelled and refurbished the castle adding the riverside tower at the south, known as the Watergate,\n\nQuestion: What is Enniskillen Castle", "output": "Enniskillen Castle is situated in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Schifferstadt (, Schiffaschdad, or Schiwwerschdadt) is a town in the Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. If not including Ludwigshafen (the district free city that is the capital of Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis), Schifferstadt is the only urban municipality in the Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis. It is situated approximately 12 km southwest of Ludwigshafen and 6 km northwest of Speyer. History In 1835 the Golden Hat of Schifferstadt was found nearby, the oldest of four known hats of that kind, dated to 1400-1300 BC. Mayors 1945\u20131946: Arnulf Kaufmann 1946\u20131949: Valentin Stahl (CDU) 1949\u20131971: Adam Teutsch (CDU) 1971\u20131975: Theo Magin (CDU), born 1932 1975\u20131995: Josef Sold (CDU) 1995\u20132003: Edwin Mayer (CDU) 2003\u20132011: Klaus Sattel (FWG) since 2011: Ilona Volk (The Greens), born 1963, first green mayor in Rhineland-Palatinate Population development Coat of arms The blazon of the coat of arms of Schifferstadt is: \u201eIn Blau ein stilisiertes goldenes Schiff mit vorne angelehntem, aufrechtem goldenem Ruder, daraus wachsend ein silbernes\n\nWire wheels, wire-spoked wheels, tension-spoked wheels, or \"suspension\" wheels are wheels whose rims connect to their hubs by wire spokes. Although these wires are considerably stiffer than a similar diameter wire rope, they function mechanically the same as tensioned flexible wires, keeping the rim true while supporting applied loads. The term suspension wheel should not be confused with vehicle suspension. Wire wheels are used on most bicycles and are still used on many motorcycles. They were invented by aeronautical engineer George Cayley in 1808. Although Cayley first proposed wire wheels, he did not apply for a patent. The first patent for wire wheels was issued to Theodore Jones of London, England on October 11, 1826. Eug\u00e8ne Meyer of Paris, France was the first person to receive, in 1869, a patent for wire wheels on bicycles. Bicycle wheels were not strong enough for cars until the development of tangentially spoked wheels.\n\nStadion Ergilio Hato (, also in Papiamento: Sentro Deportivo Korsou SDK) is a multi-purpose stadium in Willemstad, Cura\u00e7ao. It is also known as Sentro Deportivo Korsou (SDK) and is the island's largest stadium, with a capacity of 10,000 spectators. It is named after Ergilio Hato, a legendary football player from the island. The stadium is currently used mostly for football matches, also being the home ground of the Cura\u00e7ao national football team, successor of the Netherlands Antilles national football team. The clubs using the ground are CRKSV Jong Holland, CRKSV Jong Colombia and RKSV Centro Dominguito. Originally the stadium was used as the home of the Netherlands Antilles National Team, which was disbanded when this entity disappeared in 2010. The stadium underwent a series of renovations in 2013 to improve its infrastructure and make it more suitable for the international competitions it usually hosts. It hosted CONCACAF Nations League matches\n\nQuestion: What is Schifferstadt", "output": "Schifferstadt is a town in the Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tara Morice (born 23 June 1964) is an Australian actress, singer and dancer. Background Born in Hobart, Tasmania, Morice also lived in Sydney, Alice Springs and Adelaide as a child. She is a fifth-generation Australian and is of English, Irish, Scottish, Latvian, French and Jewish ancestry. She appeared in a short film for the Tasmanian Film Corporation in 1980, The ABC of Unions. She made her stage debut at Australia's oldest theatre, the Theatre Royal in Hobart in The Diary of Anne Frank, aged 16. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in Australian History and English from the Australian National University and graduated from the National Institute of Dramatic Art in 1987. Career She has worked extensively on stage in Australia, including productions for the Sydney Theatre Company, Bell Shakespeare Company, Griffin Theatre Company, Belvoir Theatre Company, State Theatre of South Australia, Queensland Theatre Company, Malthouse and the Ensemble. She\n\nThe (, Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m: \u5f48\u4e8c), also called , is a Vietnamese bowed string instrument with two strings. The word nh\u1ecb means \"two\" in Sino-Vietnamese, and means \"instrument\". Its sound box is generally covered on one end with snakeskin. There is some variation in construction between different forms of the \u0111\u00e0n nh\u1ecb. Instruments colloquially referred to as \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f2 are often more similar to the Chinese Erxian Khmer tro and Thai saw duang, while instruments referred to as \u0111\u00e0n nh\u1ecb are often constructed more similarly to the modern erhu of China. However, in the past, both names referred to what is now generally called the \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f2. In the past, it was often paired with the \u0110\u00e0n g\u00e1o, not unlike the pairing of the Yehu and Erxian/Gaohu in Cantonese music, or the pairing of the Saw duang and Saw u in Thailand, although this pairing is a bit more rare in\n\nSkircoat Green () is an area to the south of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England. Skircoat is a ward of the Borough of Calderdale whose population at the 2011 Census was 12,712. In the 13th century, the land was granted to the Earl Warren, and then passed to the Savile family. This was an independent township before being absorbed by the Borough of Halifax in 1892. The name was originally Schircotes and means building on the rocks. The Skircoat Green Area of Halifax is north of Salterhebble and is one of the most expensive areas of Halifax. Schools The main school in the Skircoat Green area is All Saints CofE J&I School. It provides primary education from Reception through to Year 6 and is consistently ranked as one of the best primary schools in Calderdale. Shops, pubs and takeaways Skircoat Green has a relatively wide variety of shops on its 'high\n\nQuestion: What's Skircoat Green?", "output": "Skircoat Green is an area to the south of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wahidi Balhaf ( ), or the Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf in Hadhramaut (), was one of several Wahidi states in the British Aden Protectorate. It was previously part of the Federation of Arab Emirates of the South, and then of its successor, the Federation of South Arabia when it was known simply as Wahidi. Its capital was Balhaf on the Gulf of Aden coast and it included the inland town of Azzan (formerly the seat of a separate Wahidi Sultanate of Azzan). The Sultanate was abolished in 1967 upon the founding of the People's Republic of South Yemen and is now part of the Republic of Yemen. History The predecessor state, the Wahidi Sultanate (Saltanat al-Wahidiyya), was established at an uncertain date. In 1830 the Wahidi Sultanate split into four states: Wahidi Sultanate of Ba\u00b4l Haf (Saltanat Ba al-Haf al-Wahidiyya) Wahidi Sultanate of `Azzan (Saltanat `Azzan al-Wahidiyya) Wahidi Sultanate of\n\nPictou West is a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. Its Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) since 2013 has been Karla MacFarlane of the Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia (PC). Geography The geography of Pictou West is of land area. Members of the Legislative Assembly This riding has elected the following Members of the Legislative Assembly: Election results 1949 general election 1953 general election 1956 general election 1960 general election 1963 general election 1967 general election 1970 general election 1974 general election 1978 general election 1981 general election 1984 general election 1988 general election 1993 general election 1998 general election 1999 general election 2003 general election 2006 general election 2009 general election 2013 general election |- |Progressive Conservative |Karla MacFarlane |align=\"right\"|3,026 |align=\"right\"|40.10 |align=\"right\"| |- |New Democratic Party |Charlie Parker |align=\"right\"|2,588 |align=\"right\"|34.29 |align=\"right\"| |- |Liberal |Glennie Langille\n\n\"Man and the Moon\" is an episode of Disneyland, which originally aired on December 28, 1955. It was directed by Disney animator Ward Kimball. The show begins with a humorous look with a man's fascination with the Moon through animation. This segment features characteristics of the Moon depicted from William Shakespeare and children's nursery rhymes to lunar superstitions and scientific research. Then Kimball comes on with some information on the Moon, supplemented by graphics. Kimball then introduces Dr. Wernher von Braun, who discusses plans for a trip around the Moon. Dr. Wernher von Braun was employed as a technical consultant on this film by Walt Disney, and on a number of other Disney films. He had a great knowledge of rockets, as he had helped to develop the V-2 rocket while working for Nazi Germany. Finally, a live action simulation from inside and outside the crewed ship Lunar Recon Ship\n\nQuestion: What is Man and the Moon?", "output": "\"Man and the Moon\" is an episode of Disneyland, which originally aired on December 28, 1955."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Como West is a locality in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located in the western part of the suburb of Como. The postcode is 2226, the same as Como. Como West is located on the north eastern bank of the Woronora River. It features its own primary school \u2013 Como West Public School and sports fields. There is a small shopping area with a motor repair shop, wine cellar, a Chinese restaurant, a veterinarian, doctor, chemist, cafe, butcher, hairdresser and a corner shop. Henry Lawson Park celebrates the name of that great Australian poet. History In early 1884, James Frederick Murphy (Manager of the Holt-Sutherland Company Estate) is attributed as being responsible for the renaming of the postal locality previously known as \"Woronora\" \u2013 to \"COMO\". Thirty years later on 19 June 1914, the elevated portion of \"Como\" lying west of the Illawarra\n\nQuick was an electronic purse system available on Austrian bank cards to allow small purchases to be made without cash. The history of the Quick system goes back to 1996. Quick was discontinued on July 31, 2017. The system was aimed at small retailers such as bakeries, caf\u00e9s, drink, and parking automats (but even small discount shops such as Billa accept it) and intended for purchases of less than \u20ac400. The card was inserted into a handheld Quick reader by the merchant who enters the transaction amount for the customer. The customer then confirms the purchase by pushing a button on the keypad, the exact amount debited from the card within a few seconds. As well as the multipurpose bank card version, anonymous cards (also smart cards) are available for the use of people without bank accounts, such as children and tourists. At ATMs, one can transfer money for free\n\nBernard Wiseman (26 August 1922 \u2013 11 January 1995) was an American author of children's books. He wrote Morris and Boris: Three Stories (1974) and other children's books. He was active from 1958 to 1995. Early Years Wiseman was born in the Canarsie section of Brooklyn, New York on August 26, 1922. He joined the U.S Coast Guard during World War II. He rose to the rank of bosun's mate and saw action in the Atlantic Ocean on a destroyer escort. Career After being honorably discharged in 1945, Wiseman began working as a cartoonist in New York City. His work was frequently published in The New Yorker and Playboy magazine. Wiseman also created a series for Boys' Life magazine called Sir Nervous Norman, humorous stories of an insecure medieval knight. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Wiseman began writing and illustrating early reader children's books. His first major title\n\nQuestion: What is Como West?", "output": "Como West is a locality in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kim St-Pierre (born December 14, 1978 in Ch\u00e2teauguay, Quebec) is a Canadian ice hockey player. She is a three-time Olympic gold medallist and five-time IIHF world champion. She was announced as a Hockey Hall of Fame inductee on June 24, 2020. She was named to the Order of Hockey in Canada in 2022. Playing career McGill In 1998-99, she was the top rookie for the McGill Martlets women's ice hockey team. She was also the first woman in Canadian Interuniversity Sports history to win a men\u2019s regular season game when McGill University defeated Ryerson University on November 15, 2003 by a score of 5-2. International play Kim St. Pierre was the goaltender for Team Canada in the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics, and was the starting goaltender in Team Canada's 3-2 victory over Team USA in the gold medal final. She also played for the Canadian women's team in Turin.\n\nLower Carniola (; ) is a traditional region in Slovenia, the southeastern part of the historical Carniola region. Geography Lower Carniola is delineated by the Ljubljana Basin with the city of Ljubljana to the northwest, by the Kolpa River and the border with Croatia with the Gorjanci Mountains to the south and southeast, by the Sava River to the north and northeast, and by Mount Krim, the Bloke Plateau, and the Potok Plateau () to the west. The southernmost region down to the border with Croatia on the Kolpa River is called White Carniola and usually considered part of Lower Carniola. Within the Ko\u010devje Rog karst plateau, the mountains reach an elevation of up to . The historic centre of Lower Carniola is Novo Mesto, and other towns include Ko\u010devje, Grosuplje, Kr\u0161ko, Trebnje, Mirna, \u010crnomelj, Semi\u010d, and Metlika. History In the 17th century, the Habsburg duchy of Carniola was internally\n\nDili Municipality (, ) is one of the 14 municipalities, formerly districts, of Timor-Leste, and includes the national capital Dili. The municipality had a population of 277,279 , most of whom live in the capital city. Etymology Several explanations have been proffered for the origin of the municipality's name. It is often explained, including by the municipality's own website, as being derived from the Tetum word , which means pawpaw. According to Australian linguist, ethnologist and historian Geoffrey Hull, however, that explanation is phonologically and historically implausible, as the language spoken in the area now known as Dili before the Portuguese established their seat of administration there in 1769 was Mambai, not Tetum. Hull describes such explanations as \"folk etymology\". In Hull's view, the word Dili appears to be cognate with the Bunak word zili (), a reference to the escarpment behind the city; he comments that a Papuan language,\n\nQuestion: Who was Kim St-Pierre?", "output": "Kim St-Pierre is a Canadian ice hockey player."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ibri () is a city and Wil\u0101yat (Province) in the Ad Dhahirah Governorate, in northwest Oman. Ancient history Ibri Province (Wilayat Ibri) is distinguished by archaeological landmarks including forts, castles, and towers. In 1979 the largest metal hoard in the ancient Near East came to light in \u02bfIbri-Selme. Also, there are the remains of the town of Bat, which is the second archaeological site to be classified by UNESCO on the list of world heritage and culture sites, after the Bahla Fort in the A\u2019Dakhliya district. The protohistoric archaeological complex of Bat, al-Khutm and al-Ayn represents one of the most complete and well-preserved ensembles of settlements and necropolises from the 3rd millennium BCE worldwide. The core site is a part of the modern village of Bat, in the Wadi Sharsah approximately east of the city of Ibri, in the Al-Dhahira Governorate of north-western Oman. Further extensions of the site of\n\nSaint Mark's High School is a coeducational Roman Catholic high school located at 2501 Pike Creek Road, in unincorporated New Castle County, Delaware, with a Wilmington postal address. The school is administrated by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Wilmington. It is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools. Notable alumni Nicole Bosso, former Miss Delaware USA John Carney, Governor of Delaware (2017\u2013present), former U.S. Representative from Delaware (2011-2017) and former Lieutenant Governor of Delaware (2001\u20132009) Louis Carlet, union organizer Tom Douglas, Seattle chef and restaurateur Kevin Mench, retired Major League Baseball player. Mario Pino, horse racing jockey David Plouffe, campaign manager for Barack Obama Keith Powell, television actor Pedro Swann, former MLB player Steve Watson, NFL wide receiver References External links High schools in New Castle County, Delaware Catholic secondary schools in Delaware Educational institutions established in 1969 1969 establishments in Delaware Roman Catholic Diocese of Wilmington\n\nPhilemon Wright High School is an anglophone high school located in the Hull sector of Gatineau, Quebec, Canada. It is administered by the Western Quebec School Board and named after Philemon Wright, founder of Hull. Philemon Wright High school also offers an Enriched French program course to students. The school was constructed in 1968. Its first principal was Clyde MacTavish, who remained in his position until 1976. Students who enrolled in Philemon Wright High School during its first year only had access to the second floor of one block in the building, resulting in over sixty students per classroom until Christmas, when the first-floor classrooms were ready for use. The building that houses the school is shared with Hadley Junior High School, which contains students from grades 7\u20138. The two schools are associated with each other within the Western Quebec School Board and share a website. References External links Philemon\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Ibri is.", "output": "Ibri is a city and Wil\u0101yat in the Ad Dhahirah Governorate, in northwest Oman."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Judith Goslin Hall (born July 3, 1939) is a pediatrician, clinical geneticist and dysmorphologist who is a dual citizen of the United States and Canada. Early life and education The daughter of a minister, Judith Goslin Hall was born on July 3, 1939, in Boston, Massachusetts. She graduated from Garfield High School in Seattle and then attended Wellesley College in Wellesley, Mass. from which she earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1961. She went to medical school in Seattle at the University of Washington (UW) from which she received an MD degree in 1966. She was also awarded an MS degree in Genetics from UW. She did her Pediatric training at Johns Hopkins Hospital, and did her fellowships in Medical Genetics and Pediatric Endocrinology. Career In 1972, she returned to the University of Washington School of Medicine and was given a joint appointment in the Departments of Pediatrics and\n\nSteffan Tubbs is a radio host on Denver, Colorado's News/Talk 710 KNUS. He currently hosts The Steffan Tubbs Show on News/Talk 710 KNUS weekday afternoons from 3pMT - 7pMT M-F. He was the host of Colorado's Morning News and on 850 KOA having begun his radio career at the station in 1994. His voice was a continued presence during a six-year career with ABC News; he was a national radio anchor for the service on the evening of September 11, 2001. He returned to the Denver market after reporting and anchoring for WNYW Fox5-TV, the Fox affiliate in New York City. In 2006, Tubbs founded Mountain Time Media www.mountaintm.com He is the author of two books: \u25aa \"They Said. They Said.\" - which examines the 2019 death of Kate Rafferty Petrocco in Adams County, Colorado. \u25aa\"Life, Liberty & Resilience\" - a look at a segregated World War II veteran from\n\nSammy Leung Chi Kin is an actor under TVB, DJ, singer, and host for Commercial Radio Hong Kong. Life and career Leung was raised in Kwai Shing Estate, and received his secondary education at St. Stephen's College and La Salle College, graduating with a score of 25 (1A5B) in the HKCEE. He graduated from Chinese University of Hong Kong's School of Journalism and Communication. He was invited to be a lecturer at his alma mater, teaching radio production and media studies, until he left in 2006 to pursue his radio career further. Leung tried out to become a DJ for Commercial Radio when he was studying at the New Asia College of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Though also working part-time, he became a DJ, taking the name Kelvin at first. He then used his own English name and converted it to a Chinese translation as his DJ name,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Steffan Tubbs is.", "output": "Steffan Tubbs is a radio host on Denver, Colorado's  News/Talk 710 KNUS."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lord Strange's Men was an Elizabethan playing company, comprising retainers of the household of Ferdinando Stanley, Lord Strange (pronounced \"strang\"). They are best known in their final phase of activity in the late 1580s and early 1590s. After 25 September 1593, they were known as the Earl of Derby's Men, that being the date of Stanley's accession to his father's title. History Early iterations of the company were active in the 1560s and 1570s; Henry Stanley, 4th Earl of Derby, kept players both before and after his accession to the title in 1572. A later iteration was active throughout the 1580s, playing at Court in 1580\u20131, 1583, and 1585\u20136. And \"active\" was the key word: they were a troupe of acrobats, led by John Symons \"the Tumbler.\" In 1588 the company went through a re-organization: Symons and the other tumblers left for a competing troupe, Queen Elizabeth's Men. Lord Strange's\n\nRobert Samuel \"Sam\" Gwynn (born 1948, Eden, North Carolina) is an American poet and anthologist associated with New Formalism. Life Gwynn is married and lives in Beaumont, Texas. He graduated from Davidson College in 1969, where he won the Vereen Bell Award for creative writing twice, played varsity football, and was a member of the school's championship team on the General Electric College Bowl. He did graduate work at Middlebury College's Bread Loaf School of English and later earned an M.A. and an M.F.A. from the University of Arkansas. Poetry and Career Gwynn's first full-length book, The Drive-in, won the Breakthrough Award of the University of Missouri Press in 1986. He has received the Michael Braude Award for Light Verse of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, served as an original faculty member of the West Chester University Conference on Form and Narrative in Poetry, and was included in\n\nCharles Richard Plotkin (born September 8, 1942) is an American record producer, film producer, audio engineer and mixing engineer, best known for his work with Bruce Springsteen and Bob Dylan. Recording engineer Plotkin has recorded, engineered, mastered and produced albums by Bruce Springsteen, Bob Dylan, and many other artists, starting with the Floating House Band in 1972. Just before hooking up with Springsteen for the mixing of Darkness on the Edge of Town, Plotkin produced the Cocaine Drain album by the Cowsills. Among Plotkin's major achievements as an engineer, according to Springsteen official biographer Dave Marsh, was the mastering of Bruce Springsteen's Nebraska album. Springsteen recorded the album as a set of demonstration tapes on an inexpensive home cassette recorder. According to Marsh, the task of turning the raw, unprocessed cassette tape (which had spent weeks in Springsteen's pants pocket) into a professional-sounding vinyl LP was a daunting one, and\n\nQuestion: What is Lord Strange's Men?", "output": "Lord Strange's Men was an Elizabethan playing company, comprising retainers of the household of Ferdinando Stanley, Lord Strange."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Francis Lewis High School (FLHS) is a selective public high school located in Fresh Meadows, in the New York City borough of Queens. It is one of the most-applied-to public high schools in New York City with 9,468 applicants in 2016. Operated by the New York City Department of Education, the school serves students of grades 912. The school is named after Francis Lewis, who signed the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New York. The school has several competitive and high-performing academic programs. Students are admitted to the school, either as zoned applicants from the surrounding area, or through these programs, whose acceptance rate are below 3% in the 2019 admissions statistics, some being as low as 1%. The school has a 93% attendance rate, compared to 89% citywide. The school's graduation rate is 88% in four years, compared to 76% citywide. Of the graduating class,\n\nAnne-Jos\u00e8phe Th\u00e9roigne de M\u00e9ricourt (born Anne-Jos\u00e8phe Terwagne; 13 August 1762 \u2013 8 June 1817) was a Belgian singer, orator and organizer in the French Revolution. She was born at Marcourt, in Prince-Bishopric of Li\u00e8ge (from which comes the appellation \"de M\u00e9ricourt\"), a small town in the modern Belgian province of Luxembourg. She was active in the French Revolution and worked within the Austrian Low Countries to also foster revolution. She was held in an Austrian prison from 1791 to 1792 for being an agent provocateur in Belgium. She was a cofounder of a Parisian revolutionary club and had warrants for her arrest issued in France for her alleged participation in the October Days uprising. She is known both for her portrayal in the French Revolutionary press and for her subsequent mental breakdown and institutionalization. Early life (1767\u20131789) She was born Anne-Jos\u00e8phe Terwagne in Marcourt, Rendeux, to Pierre Terwagne (b. 1731)\n\nDodanim ( D\u014d\u1e0f\u0101n\u012bm) or Rodanim, ( R\u014d\u1e0f\u0101n\u012bm, , R\u00f3dioi) was, in the Book of Genesis, a son of Javan (thus, a great-grandson of Noah). Dodanim's brothers, according to Genesis 10:4, were Elishah, Tarshish and Chittim. He is usually associated with the people of the island of Rhodes as their progenitor. \"-im\" is a plural suffix in Hebrew, and the name may refer to the inhabitants of Rhodes. Traditional Hebrew manuscripts are split between the spellings Dodanim and Rodanim \u2014 one of which is probably a copyist's error, as the Hebrew letters for R and D ( and respectively) are quite similar graphically. The Samaritan Pentateuch, as well as 1 Chronicles 1:7, have Rodanim, while the Septuagint has Rodioi. The Dodanim were considered either kin to the Greeks or simply Greeks. The Targum Pseudo-Jonathan calls his country Dordania, while the Targum Neofiti names it Dodonia. Connections have been suggested with Dodona\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Theroigne de Mericourt.", "output": "Anne-Jos\u00e8phe Th\u00e9roigne de M\u00e9ricourt was a Belgian singer, orator and organizer in the French Revolution."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The aim of color calibration is to measure and/or adjust the color response of a device (input or output) to a known state. In International Color Consortium (ICC) terms, this is the basis for an additional color characterization of the device and later profiling. In non-ICC workflows, calibration sometimes refers to establishing a known relationship to a standard color space in one go. The device that is to be calibrated is sometimes known as a calibration source; the color space that serves as a standard is sometimes known as a calibration target. Color calibration is a requirement for all devices taking an active part in a color-managed workflow and is used by many industries, such as television production, gaming, photography, engineering, chemistry, medicine, and more. Information flow and output distortion Input data can come from device sources like digital cameras, image scanners, or any other measuring devices. Those inputs can\n\nJan Drda (April 4, 1915, P\u0159\u00edbram \u2013 November 28, 1970, Dob\u0159\u00ed\u0161) was a Czech journalist, politician, playwright, screenwriter and author of modern fairytales. He was the Czech State Prize Laureate in 1949 and 1953, and was a nominated again for the same prize in 1965. Life Jan Drda was born April 4, 1915, in P\u0159\u00edbram and was the son of a laborer and organizational founder. His parents divorced and his father became an alcoholic and abandoned his children. In 1921, Drda's mother died during the birth of his second sibling. Drda and his sister, Marie, were educated by their grandfather. In 1934, Drda graduated from Charles University in Prague with a degree in philosophy. From a young age, Drda wrote stories and dramatic plays for , and he began contributing to newspapers and magazines from 1932. Between 1937 and 1942, Drda was the editor of Lidov\u00e9 noviny (People's News) to\n\nWarehorne is a village and civil parish in the south of the Ashford Borough of Kent, England. It is a scattered community centred on the Hamstreet to Tenterden road (B2067) around seven miles SSW of Ashford. The Royal Military Canal passes through the south of the civil parish. Be aware, the bellringing at St Matthews Church is not safe. The first recorded mention of Warehorne is in an Anglo-Saxon charter of Ecgberht, King of Wessex of 820 AD, where it is called Werehornas. The Domesday Book of 1086 mentions Warehorne by name and states that a church existed there. The present church (St Matthews) shows no sign of Saxon or of Norman work. Warehorne was also where Reverend Richard Harris Barham, the author of The Ingoldsby Legends, resided for a short while. Geography The settlement is in four main parts: The main part of Warehorne is near the central village\n\nQuestion: What is Warehorne", "output": "Warehorne is a village and civil parish in the south of the Ashford Borough of Kent, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The taxonomic order Rhynchonellida is one of the two main groups of living articulate brachiopods, the other being the order Terebratulida. They are recognized by their strongly ribbed wedge-shaped or nut-like shells, and the very short hinge line. The hinges come to a point, a superficial resemblance to many (phylogenetically unrelated) bivalve mollusk shells. The loss of the hinge line was an important evolutionary innovation, rhynchonellids being the first truly non-strophic shells with a purely internal articulation (teeth-sockets). Strong radiating ribs are common in this group; and there are generally very strong plications or accordion-like folds on the sulcus (the long middle section) of the shell. This probably helps regulate the flow of water in and out of the shell. All rhynchonellids are biconvex (have a bulbous shell), and have a fold located in the brachial valve. This means that the commissure, the line between the two valves or shells,\n\nTerence Joseph Burke (born 1 February 1942) is a former member for the seat of Perth in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly. He held the seat between 1968 and 1987. In 1974, with the Labor Party in Opposition, he was a member of the Tonkin shadow ministry. He is the elder brother of former premier Brian Burke and both are sons of former federal shadow cabinet member Tom Burke. Early life Burke was born on 1 February 1942 in Perth, Western Australia. His parents were Tom Burke, an Australian Labor Party politician in the House of Representatives from 1943 to 1955, and Madeline Muirson Orr. Tom Burke had Irish ancestry, and was deeply Catholic. Madeline Orr was of Irish and Scottish ancestry. Terry Burke was the first child out of five: the second child was Anne Burke, the third child was Brian Burke, the fourth child was Frankie Burke, who\n\nThe Amboyna cuckoo-dove (Macropygia amboinensis) is a dove in the genus Macropygia found in the Moluccas and New Guinea. It was one of three new species defined when the slender-billed cuckoo-dove was split up in 2016 and retains the Latin binomial of the former species.[1] Taxonomy In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the Amboyna cuckoo-dove in his six volume Ornithologie based on a specimen collected on Ambon Island, one of the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. He used the French name La tourterelle d'Amboine and the Latin Turtur amboinensis. Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson. One of these was the\n\nQuestion: What's Rhynchonellida?", "output": "The taxonomic order Rhynchonellida is one of the two main groups of living articulate brachiopods, the other being the order Terebratulida."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The newsvendor (or newsboy or single-period or salvageable) model is a mathematical model in operations management and applied economics used to determine optimal inventory levels. It is (typically) characterized by fixed prices and uncertain demand for a perishable product. If the inventory level is , each unit of demand above is lost in potential sales. This model is also known as the newsvendor problem or newsboy problem by analogy with the situation faced by a newspaper vendor who must decide how many copies of the day's paper to stock in the face of uncertain demand and knowing that unsold copies will be worthless at the end of the day. History The mathematical problem appears to date from 1888 where Edgeworth used the central limit theorem to determine the optimal cash reserves to satisfy random withdrawals from depositors. According to Chen, Cheng, Choi and Wang (2016), the term \"newsboy\" was first\n\nIn a chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which both the reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system. This state results when the forward reaction proceeds at the same rate as the reverse reaction. The reaction rates of the forward and backward reactions are generally not zero, but they are equal. Thus, there are no net changes in the concentrations of the reactants and products. Such a state is known as dynamic equilibrium. Historical introduction The concept of chemical equilibrium was developed in 1803, after Berthollet found that some chemical reactions are reversible. For any reaction mixture to exist at equilibrium, the rates of the forward and backward (reverse) reactions must be equal. In the following chemical equation, arrows point both ways to indicate equilibrium. A\n\nLaddering is an investment technique that requires investors to purchase multiple financial products with different maturity dates. Benefits Laddering avoids the risk of reinvesting a large portion of assets in an unfavorable financial environment. Each \"rung\" of the ladder is a bond of a specific maturity date and the \"height\" of the ladder is the difference between the shortest maturity bond and the longest maturity bond. The more rungs in the ladder (10 or more is recommended), the better the diversification, the more stable the yield, and the higher the average yield. For example, a person has both a 2015 matured CD and a 2018 matured CD. Even if the interest rate is low in 2015 when one certificate is to be renewed, half of the income is locked in until 2018. Laddering can free up capital as needed. A person may purchase a shorter term bond in the event\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Newsvendor model is.", "output": "The newsvendor model is a mathematical model in operations management and applied economics used to determine optimal inventory levels."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Elizabeth Miklosi (born August 10, 1983), known professionally as Lizzy Valentine, is a former American professional wrestler, valet, model, and actress. She is best known from MTV's Wrestling Society X. Professional wrestling career Training (2000) Valentine was trained by Homicide and began her career under the ring name Miss Led with the Long Island Wrestling Federation and the Northeast independent circuit. She also appeared in numerous other independent wrestling promotions, managing multiple wrestlers and feuding with multiple others. Independent circuit (2000\u20132010) In Jersey All Pro Wrestling, she managed Dixie and had her first professional match against April Hunter. Mikosi also managed Nick Berk and Z-Barr in Liberty All-Star Wrestling in Philadelphia and NWA Florida. Valentine also had a career long feud with Alexis Laree. The two faced each other up and down the East Coast in KAPOW!, Southern Championship Wrestling, and Dangerous Women of Wrestling. Valentine has also teamed with\n\nThe Battle of Munychia was fought between Athenians exiled by the oligarchic government of the Thirty Tyrants and the forces of that government, supported by a Spartan garrison. In the battle, a substantially superior force composed of the Spartan garrison of Athens and the army of the oligarchic government attacked a hill in Piraeus (the Munychia) which had been seized by 1,000 exiles under Thrasybulus, but was defeated. After this defeat, the Thirty Tyrants were forced to flee to Eleusis. Prelude In late 404 BC, Thrasybulus, with other Athenian exiles, had seized Phyle, a strong point on the Athenian border. He and his men resisted an abortive attempt to dislodge them and then, as their numbers were swelled by new recruits, ambushed the Spartan garrison of Athens, which had been dispatched to watch them. Shortly after this victory, the men from Phyle, now 1,000 strong, marched by night to Piraeus,\n\nS\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o d'Alian\u00e7a is a municipality in northeastern Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o is a gateway to the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park. The name is sometimes written as S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o D'Alian\u00e7a. Location S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o is located north of Bras\u00edlia on state highway G0-118, which begins near Planaltina and connects with Alto Para\u00edso de Goi\u00e1s. It is part of the Chapada dos Veadeiros Microregion. The distance to the state capital, Goi\u00e2nia is 357 km. Highway connections from Goi\u00e2nia are made by BR-153 / An\u00e1polis / BR-060 / Alex\u00e2nia / Planaltina (DF) / GO-430 / Planaltina de Goi\u00e1s (GO) / GO-118 / BR-010 /. Neighboring municipalities are: North: Alto Para\u00edso de Goi\u00e1s South: Formosa and \u00c1gua Fria de Goi\u00e1s East: Flores de Goi\u00e1s West: Niquel\u00e2ndia The economy The economy is based on agriculture (corn, soybeans, and manioc), cattle raising (64,800 head in 2006), services, public administration, and small transformation industries. The\n\nQuestion: Tell me what S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o d'Alian\u00e7a is.", "output": "S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o d'Alian\u00e7a is a municipality in northeastern Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Eatons Hill is a suburb in the City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. In the , Eatons Hill had a population of 7,973 people. Its postcode is 4037. Geography South Pine River forms most of the southern boundary of the suburb. Cashs Crossing is a neighbourhood in the east of the suburb (). It takes its name from the crossing point over the South Pine River and was named after James and Mary Cash, who settled near the crossing point. South Pine Road now crosses the river at that point via a bridge. Bunya Crossing is another ford across the South Pine River in the south of the locality (). It takes its name from the Kabi language word \"Bonyi\" or \"Bunyi\" referring to the Bunya pine (Araucaria bidwillii). It is at the southern end of Bunya Crossing Road and does not have a bridge. Eatons Hill is in the\n\nArthur Robinson Gould (March 16, 1857July 24, 1946) was an American industrialist involved in lumber, railroads, hydroelectricity, and other large scale industry in Aroostook County, Maine and the neighboring Canadian province of New Brunswick from the 1880s until his death in 1946. From 1926 to 1931, he served as a Republican United States senator from Maine. Prior to being elected to the Senate, he had stated that he was in favor of maintaining the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol. However, once in office, he became nationally known for writing in favor of the legalization of wine and beer. Born in Corinth, Maine, he attended the common schools and East Corinth Academy. He moved first to Bangor, Maine, where he opened a candy factory and met Mary Frances Donovan, who became his wife. They moved to Presque Isle, Maine, in\n\nBacteroides is a genus of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria. Bacteroides species are non endospore-forming bacilli, and may be either motile or nonmotile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40\u201348% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, Bacteroides membranes contain sphingolipids. They also contain meso-diaminopimelic acid in their peptidoglycan layer. Bacteroides species are normally mutualistic, making up the most substantial portion of the mammalian gastrointestinal microbiota, where they play a fundamental role in processing of complex molecules to simpler ones in the host intestine. As many as 1010\u20131011 cells per gram of human feces have been reported. They can use simple sugars when available; however, the main sources of energy for Bacteroides species in the gut are complex host-derived and plant glycans. Studies indicate that long-term diet is strongly associated with the gut microbiome composition\u2014those who eat plenty of protein and animal fats have predominantly Bacteroides bacteria, while for those\n\nQuestion: What is Arthur R. Gould?", "output": "Arthur Robinson Gould was an American industrialist involved in lumber, railroads, hydroelectricity, and other large scale industry in Aroostook County, Maine and the neighboring Canadian province of New Brunswick from the 1880s until his death in 1946."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kamtapur is an autonomous area in the Assam state of India administered by the Kamatapur Autonomous Council. History Kamtapur is a very ancient city, it was known as \"Kampilya\" according to Purana and Mahabharata. Kamatapur emerged as a sovereign state in the middle of the 13th century, and it continued through fluctuating levels of prosperity until the year 1498, when its last capital at Gosanimari was attacked by the invading army of Alauddin Husain Shah of Bengal. The ancient kingdom of Kamatapur was located in the western Brahmaputra Valley. Most probably, Nalrajar Garh in Chilapata forest was its earliest capital. Through a long course of changes and developments the capital shifted to Maynaguri and then to Prithu Rajar Garh, Singijani and finally Gosanimari, an ancient river port-town since the seventh century. After the kingdom's end, the Koch Kingdom emerged with its capital at Hingulavas in the Dooars. Nilambar was the\n\nThe FBI Files is an American television docudrama series that originally ran from 1998 to 2006 on the Discovery Channel and produced by New Dominion Pictures. The show was cancelled in 2006. However, Court TV Mystery, Discovery, and its sister network, Investigation Discovery, aired re-runs until October 2012. Investigation Discovery only showed episodes from seasons 5,6, and 7. As of October 2012, the network now airs episodes from the earlier seasons (although not necessarily in chronological order), with updated information about the cases at the end of most episodes. Up to late September 2012, WE tv showed episodes from seasons 1-4, but the network had removed the episode introductions by Jim Kallstrom. In the UK on Quest Red, The FBI Files airs every weeknight. It has also been shown on TV Denmark, Discovery Australia, and Netflix in Canada. More recently, New Dominion Pictures made all episodes of The FBI Files\n\nEA Orlando is an American video game developer located in Orlando, Florida founded in 1994. It was formerly known as Tiburon Entertainment, which was acquired by Electronic Arts in 1998. After the acquisition, the studio was renamed EA Tiburon. EA had already purchased a minority equity interest in Tiburon in May 1996, the terms of which included that Tiburon would develop games exclusively for EA. The studio is best known for developing the Madden NFL series of games. In addition to the usual titles developed by the studio which include Madden, NCAA Football, NFL Street, NASCAR, and NFL Head Coach, in late 2006 Tiburon released the Superman Returns game based on the movie of the same name. EA Tiburon has taken over the Tiger Woods PGA Tour series from EA Salt Lake as of the 2008 edition of the game. History Tiburon Entertainment Tiburon Entertainment was originally founded by John\n\nQuestion: Tell me what The FBI Files is.", "output": "The FBI Files is an American television docudrama series that originally ran from 1998 to 2006 on the Discovery Channel and produced by New Dominion Pictures."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "efbet Arena () is a multi-purpose stadium in Burgas, Bulgaria. It is currently used for football matches and is the home ground of Neftochimic 1962 Burgas. The stadium holds 18,037 people and carries a 3-star rating by UEFA. It was opened in 1967 and was renovated between 1990 and 1997. Officially opened after renovation at 13 April 1997 with the match Neftochimik - Levski Sofia 4:1. Until 2002 the stadium was named \"Neftochimic\" and later \"Naftex\". The stadium was used by PFC Chernomorets Burgas between 2006 and 2015, even though they had plans to move to a new stadium in the future. It was used also in some European matches of Litex Lovech (for the UEFA Champions League match against FC Spartak Moscow), PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv (for UEFA Champions League match against Club Brugge and for UEFA Cup matches against OFK Beograd and Bolton Wanderers F.C.) and PFC Cherno More\n\nFitness and figure competition is a class of physique-exhibition events for women and recently also men. While bearing a close resemblance to bodybuilding, its emphasis is on muscle definition, not size. The class was originally introduced when bodybuilding's popularity began to noticeably decline, in terms of both fanbase and number of participants. Overview Fitness and Figure are two distinct forms of competition, not just one. In a Fitness contest (the older of the two disciplines), female competitors showcase their physiques (which are noticeably less massive than bodybuilders') while performing a demanding, time-limited, aerobic/dance routine. In a Figure contest, the most important attributes are a curvaceous-yet-trim body, and facial beauty; however, the physique guidelines are similar to a Fitness pageant's, and many contestants move back and forth between the two disciplines. The Figure division emerged on the bodybuilding scene when the numbers for Fitness pageant competitions started to dwindle. Typically, fitness\n\nDavie Poplar is a large tulip poplar tree located in McCorkle Place on the campus of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Named in honor of Revolutionary War general and university founder William Richardson Davie, the tree is approximately 300 to 375 years old. History and legends As plans were being drawn up for the university in 1792, it was already a large tree, and legend has it that Davie personally chose to locate the school lands around the tree after having a pleasant summer lunch underneath it. The story is not true \u2013 the university's location was chosen by a six-man committee in November 1792 \u2013 and the tree was named by Cornelia Phillips Spencer in the late 1800s to commemorate the legend. The most enduring legend associated with the tree is that as long as Davie Poplar remains standing, the university will thrive; if it falls,\n\nQuestion: What is Davie Poplar?", "output": "Davie Poplar is a large tulip poplar tree located in McCorkle Place on the campus of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "NFL Challenge is a video game for MS-DOS released in 1985 by XOR Corporation. It uses statistical models for not only the NFL season, but also the outcome of a single football game. Game play Unlike most football games, this one was more abstract. The players acted as coaches, picking the offensive or defensive plays from a series of nested menus. The computer then ran the plays against each other, using the pre-configured abilities of the teams and players picked. There was no interaction once the play was called, other than making a decision to accept or deny a penalty if called. This made for an abstract game, unlike others where the player actually participated in the offense or defense. One of the user changeable features of the game was the fact that you could create or edit your own dream team, or enhance the performance of a particular current\n\nRed Earth, White Lies: Native Americans and the Myth of Scientific Fact is a book by Native American author Vine Deloria, originally published in 1995. The book's central theme is to criticize the scientific consensus which has, in his words, created \"a largely fictional scenario describing prehistoric North America\". Overview The book's particular focus is on a criticism of current models of migration to the New World, in particular the Bering land bridge theory. Deloria attempts to expose what he thought were fundamental weaknesses in this theory by detailing supposed archeological inconsistencies and positing alternative hypotheses that he believed align better with his understanding of the origins of Native Americans. He argued that there was an earlier presence for indigenous peoples in the Americas than what the archaeological record provides. In a similar vein, he criticized the so-called \"overkill hypothesis\", which proposes that humans migrating into the Americas were partially\n\nFranklin Stewart Harris (August 29, 1884 \u2013 April 18, 1960) was president of Brigham Young University (BYU) from July 1921 until June 1945, and president of Utah State University from 1945 to 1950. His administration was the longest in BYU history and saw the granting of the first master's degrees. Under his administration the school became an accredited university. He set up several colleges, such as the College of Fine and Performing Arts with Gerrit De Jong as the founding dean. Harris was an agricultural scientist, holding a doctorate in agronomy from Cornell University. He had served as the agriculture department head and head of the experiment station at Utah State Agricultural College and left BYU to become president of that institution. Harris also traveled to Russia and to Iran and other parts of the Middle East in order to provide expert advice on agriculture issues. The Harris Fine Arts\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Franklin S. Harris is.", "output": "Franklin Stewart Harris was president of Brigham Young University from July 1921 until June 1945, and president of Utah State University from 1945 to 1950."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lilavati (reigned 1197\u20131200, 1209\u201310, and 1211\u201312) was the fourth woman in Sri Lankan history to rule as sovereign in her own right. Lilavati rose to prominence as the wife of Parakramabahu I, king of the Kingdom of Polonnaruwa. Being of royal descent herself, she then ruled as sole monarch on three occasions in the near-anarchy following Parakramabahu's death, with the backing of various generals. The primary source for her life is the Culavamsa, specifically chapter LXXX. It is known that Lilavati was the daughter of Sirivallabha and his wife Sugala, and that she had a brother, also called Manabharana. She would have met her future husband when still young as Parakramabahu was her cousin, the son of her uncle Manabharana of Dhakkinadesa. Following his death, Kittisrimegha ascended to the throne of Dhakkinadesa, and Manabharana's family came to live with Sirivallabha in Ruhuna. It is not known at what point she\n\nBouteloua gracilis, the blue grama, is a long-lived, warm-season (C4) perennial grass, native to North America. It is most commonly found from Alberta, Canada, east to Manitoba and south across the Rocky Mountains, Great Plains, and U.S. Midwest states, onto the northern Mexican Plateau in Mexico. Blue grama accounts for most of the net primary productivity in the shortgrass prairie of the central and southern Great Plains. It is a green or greyish, low-growing, drought-tolerant grass with limited maintenance. Description Blue grama has green to greyish leaves less than wide and long. The overall height of the plant is at maturity. The flowering stems (culms) are long. At the top are one to four, usually two, comb-like spikes, which extend out at a sharp angle from the flowering stem. Each spike has 20 to 90 spikelets. Each spikelet is long, and has one fertile floret and one or two reduced\n\nThe Faculty of Engineering of UMons (French: Facult\u00e9 Polytechnique de Mons (FPMs)) is a faculty of engineering at the University of Mons in the Wallonia region in Belgium. Before the 2009 merger of the Facult\u00e9 Polytechnique de Mons and the University of Mons-Hainaut, the FPMs was the oldest university of the city of Mons and the first civil Engineering school in Belgium (1836). Its first name was \u00c9cole des Mines (Mining School). It is a member of the Top Industrial Managers for Europe (TIME) network, an association of 50 leading engineering schools and faculties in Europe. On January 1, 2009, the Engineering Faculty of Mons and the University of Mons-Hainaut merged into a new university called the University of Mons (UMons). The Faculty organizes a five-year course and delivers the Engineering (Ir.) and Master of Science (MSc.) degree. An Applied Sciences Doctoral degree (Dr.) is also available at the FPMs.\n\nQuestion: What's Bouteloua gracilis?", "output": "Bouteloua gracilis, the blue grama, is a long-lived, warm-season perennial grass, native to North America."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The \u00c9claireurs Neutres de France (Neutral (= interreligious) Scouts of France, ENF) is a non-aligned French Scouting association, founded in 1947 by Marcel Lepage and serving 3,000 to 4,000 members of both genders. The association has no political or religious involvement and is open to all without distinction of religion or race and respects the convictions of everyone. ENF is not a coeducational or mixed organisation although coeducation is accepted for the Cub Scouts, it has two distinct sections for girls and boys. History Some sources argue that the ENF is a spinoff from another French Scouting association, the \u00c9claireurs de France. The ENF claims on their website that this would be a statement in contradiction with its founding principles of openness and mutual respect. Although, initially a traditional Scouting association, it has evolved to adapt itself to modern life and standards of health and safety imposed by French Ministry\n\nThe medial brachial cutaneous nerve (lesser internal cutaneous nerve; medial cutaneous nerve of arm) is a sensory branch of the medial cord of the brachial plexus derived from spinal nerves C8-T1. It provides sensory innervation to the medial arm. It descends accompanied by the basilic vein. Anatomy Origin It is the smallest and medial-most branch of the brachial plexus, and arising from the medial cord receives its fibers from the eighth cervical and first thoracic spinal nerves. Course It passes through the axilla, at first lying behind, and then medial to the axillary vein, and communicates with the intercostobrachial nerve. It descends along the medial side of the brachial artery to the middle of the arm, where it pierces the deep fascia, and is distributed to the skin of the back of the lower third of the arm, extending as far as the elbow, where some filaments are lost in\n\nPiner High School (PHS) is a Public high school in Santa Rosa, California, United States. It is part of the Santa Rosa High School District, which itself is a part of Santa Rosa City Schools. History Piner High School was built in 1966 in Santa Rosa, California. Piner High School has been opened with 10th, 11th, and 12th grades in the fall of 1966. It did not become a four-year high school until the early 1990s. The class of 1968 was the first graduating class of the school history. Prior to the first graduating class, William McCrossen, an adult, finished his high school education and was in fact the very first graduate of Piner High School. The class of 1975 was the last of the four-year classes until 1996 when Piner was re-established as a four-year high school to alleviate overcrowding of local middle schools. Athletics Piner High School is\n\nQuestion: What is Medial cutaneous nerve of arm", "output": "The medial brachial cutaneous nerve is a sensory branch of the medial cord of the brachial plexus derived from spinal nerves C8-T1."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Arlene Blum (born March 1, 1945) is an American mountaineer, writer, and environmental health scientist. She is best known for leading the first successful American ascent of Annapurna (I), a climb that was also an all-woman ascent. She led the first all-woman ascent of Denali (\"Denali Damsels\" expedition), and was the first American woman to attempt Mount Everest. She is Executive Director of the Green Science Policy Institute. Early life Blum was born in Davenport, Iowa, and raised from the age of five on in Chicago by her Orthodox Jewish mother and grandparents. In the early 1960s, she attended Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Her first climb was in Washington, where she failed to reach the summit of Mount Adams. However, she persevered, climbing throughout her college days. She was rejected from an Afghanistan expedition in 1969, with its leader writing to her, \"One woman and nine men would seem\n\nModern Language Review is the journal of the Modern Humanities Research Association (MHRA). It is one of the oldest journals in the field of modern languages. Founded in 1905, it has published more than 3,000 articles and 20,000 book reviews. Modern Language Review is published four times a year (in January, April, July and October). All articles are in English and their range covers the following fields: English (including United States and the Commonwealth) French (including Francophone Africa and Canada) Germanic (including Dutch and Scandinavian) Hispanic (including Latin-American, Portuguese, Catalan, and Galician) Italian Slavonic and East European Studies General Studies (including linguistics, comparative literature, and critical theory) History The first issue was published in October 1905 with John G. Robertson as the founding editor-in-chief. When Robertson died in 1933, he was replaced by Charles Jasper Sisson. Sources Modern Language Review page on the MHRA website References Linguistics journals English-language journals\n\nUnholy Grave is a Japanese grindcore band that formed in 1993 and are based in the city of Nagoya, Japan. The band got its name from the song \"Beyond the Unholy Grave\" by the American death metal band Death. Unholy Grave's lyrics mainly focus on political and social issues. A common phrase appearing on the artwork of the band's releases is \"Grindcore Against Terrorism!\". Unholy Grave are known for being highly prolific, releasing a considerably large amount of splits. Band members Current Takaho Komatsu - vocals (1993\u2013present) Tee - guitar (1993\u2013present) Former Chucky - drums (1998-2006) Naito - drums (1997-2006) Ume - bass (1993-2012) Osamu - bass (1993) Debuzo - drums (1993-2012) Kajisa - guitar (1995-2012) Kaz - drums (1999-2014) Hee-Chung - drums (2008-2015; r.i.p. 2015) Yasu - bass (1999\u20132021; r.i.p. 2021) Politics The band is of interest to the Chinese Government due their track \"Taiwan - Another China\". Chinese\n\nQuestion: Who was Arlene Blum?", "output": "Arlene Blum is an American mountaineer, writer, and environmental health scientist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Deadlock II: Shrine Wars is a science fiction turn-based strategy video game developed by Cyberlore Studios and published by Accolade, released on February 23, 1998 as a sequel to Deadlock: Planetary Conquest. The game allows the player to play as the leader of an alien species who controls colonies on a planet's surface. Tommo purchased the rights to this game and digitally publishes it through its Retroism brand in 2015. Overview Deadlock II: Shrine Wars features turn-based gameplay that takes place on a planet map that ranges from around 1 to 9000 tiles, each presenting a region, or area of building. Players take control of each territory by colonizing it with a \"Colonizer\" vehicle or taking it from another player through military conquest. Each territory consists of a six-by-six grid in which buildings can be placed. Like most strategy games, Deadlock II: Shrine Wars uses natural resources and credits to\n\nLeicester St Andrews Football Club are a football club based in Aylestone, a suburb of Leicester, England. They play in the , having been relegated from the Premier Division at the end of the 2017\u201318 season. History They joined Division One of the Leicestershire Senior League in 1985 and promoted to the Premier Division after two seasons. The Andrews are three-time champions of the Leicestershire Senior League Premier Division. In the 1994\u201395 season, the Drews reached the 5th round of the FA Vase. The 2013\u201314 season saw the side reach the semi-final of the FA Vase. The run included victories against several Step 5 sides along the way including away victories at AFC Rushden and Diamonds and East Preston. The semi-final draw gave the Andrews a two-legged tie against much favoured West Auckland. A goalless draw was played out in the first leg, which provided a chance of a bumper\n\nThe Lalonde Report is a 1974 report produced in Canada formally titled A new perspective on the health of Canadians. It proposed the concept of the \"health field\", identifying two main health-related objectives: the health care system; and prevention of health problems and promotion of good health. The report is considered the \"first modern government document in the Western world to acknowledge that our emphasis upon a biomedical health care system is wrong, and that we need to look beyond the traditional health care (sick care) system if we wish to improve the health of the public.\". The Report also recognizes that use of the local Health System shapes how people define their health-related need, options for care and definition of health. Background Marc Lalonde, who was the Canadian Minister of National Health and Welfare in 1974, proposed a new \"health field\" concept, as distinct from medical care. Lalonde noted\n\nQuestion: What is Leicester St Andrews F.C.", "output": "Leicester St Andrews Football Club are a football club based in Aylestone, a suburb of Leicester, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wilson Mizner (May 19, 1876 \u2013 April 3, 1933) was an American playwright, raconteur, and entrepreneur. His best-known plays are The Deep Purple, produced in 1910, and The Greyhound, produced in 1912. He was manager and co-owner of The Brown Derby restaurant in Los Angeles, California, and was part of the failed project of his older brother Addison to create a new resort in Boca Raton, Florida. He and Addison are the protagonists of Stephen Sondheim's musical Road Show (alternately known as Wise Guys, Gold!, and Bounce). Life Wilson (\"Bill\") Mizner was born in Benicia, California, one of eight children, including brothers William, Edgar, Murray, Addison, Henry, and Lansing and sister Mary. Sir Joshua Reynolds was their great-great-uncle. Their father, Lansing Bond Mizner, was named Benjamin Harrison's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Central American states, and the family moved to Guatemala for a year, the brothers spending their\n\nLewannick (; ) is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The village is situated approximately five miles (8 km) southwest of Launceston. The civil parish had a population of 973 at the 2011 census. The parish is rural in character and is within the Deanery and Hundred of East. It is bounded on the north by Trewen and South Petherwin, on the east by Lezant, on the south by North Hill and on the west by Altarnun. The parish church is dedicated to St Martin and is located at . History Evidence of early medieval habitation at Lewannick is in the form of two inscribed pillar stones, each having text in both Latin and ogham characters; on the basis of the ogham text, these stones have been dated as having been inscribed between the fifth and sixth centuries. One is located in the village churchyard, and\n\nAlishar H\u00fcy\u00fck (in modern Yozgat Province, Turkey) was an ancient Near Eastern city. It is near the modern village of Ali\u015far, Sorgun. History Alishar H\u00fcy\u00fck was occupied beginning in the Neolithic Period, through the Chalcolithic, Bronze Age and the Hittites, and into Phrygian times. The remnants of a Late Roman or Byzantine church were also found. During the Neolithic times (found at 26 meters below the mound surface and about 11 meters above virgin soil) the site was in the middle of a lake and occupation was restricted to the mound. As the area dried in the Chalcolithic Age occupation slowly spread off the mound and outer defenses were built. Eventually in the Early Bronze Age a large defensive fortification wall, with gates, was built. Fifty three (allowing for copies) cuneiform tablets in Old Assyrian of the Cappadocia type were found there. The tablets appear to be typical of an\n\nQuestion: What is Ali\u015far H\u00fcy\u00fck?", "output": "Alishar H\u00fcy\u00fck was an ancient Near Eastern city."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "D\u0105browa Tarnowska () is a town in Poland, in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, about north of Tarn\u00f3w. It is the capital of D\u0105browa County. Before reorganization (in 1999) D\u0105browa Tarnowska was part of Tarn\u00f3w Voivodeship (1975\u20131998). As of December 2021, the town has a population of 11,828. Etymology The name of the town comes from oak groves, called d\u0105browy in Polish, which were abundant here in the past. D\u0105browa used to be called Dambrawa Wielka (Dambrawa Magna) as well as Dobrowa, and finally the adjective \u201cTarnowska\u201d was added to it, to distinguish it from D\u0105browa G\u00f3rnicza and D\u0105browa Bia\u0142ostocka. Geography D\u0105browa lies on the Bren river, on the boundary of two geographic regions, the Carpathian Foothills and the Sandomierz Basin. History D\u0105browa Tarnowska was first mentioned as a parish village in 1326. At that time, it already was a large village, which belonged to the noble Ligeza family, and had a\n\nClaro was a wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was split into two divisions. The Upper Division included the parishes of Farnham, Fewston, Hampsthwaite, Kirkby Malzeard and Pannal and parts of Aldborough, Knaresborough, Otley, Little Ouseburn, Ripley, Ripon, Wetherby and Whixley, many of which formed exclaves. The Lower Division included the parishes of Allerton Mauleverer, Goldsborough, Hunsingore, Kirk Deighton, Kirkby Overblow, Leathley, Spofforth with Stockeld, Weston and parts of Addingham, Aldborough, Harewood, Ilkley, Kirk Hammerton, Otley, Ripley and Whixley. At the time of the Domesday Book the wapentake was known as Burghshire, named from its meeting place at Aldborough. In the 12th century the name was changed to Claro, from Claro Hill near Coneythorpe, presumably its meeting place. Claro wapentake is exceptional because it is one of the few hundreds or wapentakes to have divisions with exclaves. The historic reasons for the situation are obscure but are\n\nGregory Harold \"Box\" Johnson (born May 12, 1962) is a former NASA astronaut and a retired colonel in the United States Air Force. Johnson is a veteran of two space flights, STS-123 and STS-134. He served as pilot on his first mission, which delivered the Kibo logistics module and the Dextre robot arm to the International Space Station. Johnson was also assigned as the pilot to the STS-134 mission, which launched on May 16, 2011, and landed on June 1, 2011. Greg Johnson has also served in numerous roles for NASA including as a Capcom for several missions. Gregory H. Johnson (Colonel, USAF, Ret.) was the President and executive director for the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) until March 10, 2018. He is now working with Lockheed Martin. Background Johnson was born in South Ruislip, Greater London, United Kingdom. He graduated from Park Hills High School\n\nQuestion: Who is Gregory H. Johnson", "output": "Gregory Harold \"Box\" Johnson is a former NASA astronaut and a retired colonel in the United States Air Force."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Reginald John Garfield Dutton (8 November 1886 \u2013 23 June 1970) was the inventor of the auxiliary language and stenographic system known as Dutton Speedwords. Dutton was born in Nottingham, England and was the eldest son of George H. J. Dutton. In 1890, when Dutton was three or four, his family moved to Skegness so George could work as a phrenologist and bookseller. Dutton studied Pitman Shorthand and other shorthand systems as an aid to his work as a newspaper correspondent. He invented his own system, published in 1916 under the title \"Shorthand in Three Days\". He made minor improvements but settled on a final form by 1919, republishing his work as \"Dutton One Week Shorthand\" as the 12 lessons could be mastered in one week. Dutton became interested in Esperanto and, in general, the concept of an auxiliary constructed language in the interests of increasing communication and goodwill among\n\nA skeleton key (also known as a passkey) is a type of master key in which the serrated edge has been removed in such a way that it can open numerous locks, most commonly the warded lock. The term derives from the fact that the key has been reduced to its essential parts. Master keys A skeleton key is a key that has been filed or cut to create one that can be used to unlock a variety of warded locks each with a different configuration of wards. This can usually be done by removing most of the center of the key, allowing it to pass by the wards without interference, operating the lock. To counteract the illicit creation of such keys, locksmiths can put wards not just in the center but on the outside as well, making the creation of a skeleton key more difficult. Lever lock skeleton keys\n\nUnione Sindacale Italiana (USI; Italian Syndicalist Union or Italian Workers' Union) is an anarcho-syndicalist trade union. It is the Italian section of the International Workers' Association (IWA; Associazione Internazionale dei Lavoratori in Italian or AIT - ''Asociaci\u00f3n Internacional de los Trabajadores in the common Spanish reference), and the name of USI is also abbreviated as USI-AIT. Early history The USI was founded in 1912, after a group of workers, previously affiliated with the Confederazione Generale del Lavoro (CGL), met in Modena and declared themselves linked to the legacy of the First International, and later joined the anarcho-syndicalist International Workers' Association. The most left-wing camere del lavoro adhered in rapid succession to the USI, and it engaged in all major political battles for labor rights - without ever adopting the militarist attitudes present with other trade unions. Nonetheless, after the outbreak of World War I, USI was shaken by the dispute\n\nQuestion: Who was Reginald J. G. Dutton?", "output": "Reginald John Garfield Dutton was the inventor of the auxiliary language and stenographic system known as Dutton Speedwords."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The American Red Cross (ARC), also known as the American National Red Cross, is a nonprofit humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and disaster preparedness education in the United States. It is the designated US affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the United States movement to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. The organization offers services and development programs. History and organization Founders Clara Barton established the American Red Cross in Dansville, New York, on May 21, 1881, and was also the organization's first president. She organized a meeting on May 12 of that year at the house of Senator Omar D. Conger (R, MI). Fifteen people were present at the meeting, Conger and Representative William Lawrence (R, OH) (who became the first vice president) to discuss the start of the American Red Cross. The first local chapter was\n\nHaris Medunjanin (; born 8 March 1985) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays for Spanish club CD Castell\u00f3n as a midfielder. He started his professional career at AZ, who loaned him to Sparta Rotterdam in 2006. In 2008 he joined Valladolid, before signing with Maccabi Tel Aviv two years later. He was loaned to Gaziantepspor in 2012, signing on a permanent basis the following season; in 2016 he returned to Maccabi and, one year later, moved to the Philadelphia Union. Medunjanin represented the Netherlands at under-21 level, but in 2009 he decided to play for Bosnia and Herzegovina as a senior. His international career lasted until 2018, with the highlight being appearing at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Club career AZ Medunjanin made his Eredivisie debut on 20 February 2005, with AZ Alkmaar. During his three-year spell, however, opportunities were scarce. For the 2006\u201307 season, he was loaned to\n\nRamey Air Force Base also known as Borinquen Field, is a former United States Air Force base in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico. It was named after United States Army Air Forces Brigadier General Howard Knox Ramey. Following its closure, it was redeveloped into Rafael Hernandez Airport. History Pre-World War II In 1939, the U.S. Army Air Corps sent Major George C. Kenney to Puerto Rico to conduct a preliminary survey of possible air base sites on Puerto Rico. He examined 42 sites and declared that Punta Borinquen the best site for a major air base. Sugar cane farms covered some 3796 acres that the government purchased for military use in the first week of September 1939 at a cost of $1,215,000. Later that year, Major Karl S. Axtater assumed command of what was to become Borinquen Army Airfield. The 1940 US Census counted enumeration district 22-32 as Borinquen Field in Aquadilla,\n\nQuestion: Who is Haris Medunjanin", "output": "Haris Medunjanin is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays for Spanish club CD Castell\u00f3n as a midfielder."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Henrik Johan Bull (13 October 18441 June 1930) was a Norwegian businessman and whaler. Henry Bull was one of the pioneers in the exploration of Antarctica. [[File:BULL(1896) COVER.jpg|thumb|right| The Cruise of the 'Antarctic''' (London & New York: Edward Arnold, 1896)]] Biography Henrik Johan Bull was born at Stokke in Vestfold County, Norway. He attended school in T\u00f8nsberg and worked for several years as a businessman in T\u00f8nsberg. He had squandered the family fortunes through his excessively social lifestyle. At the end of 1886, he traveled to Melbourne, Australia to try and restore the family fortunes. Initially he was reduced to labouring in the timber industry. Finally in 1891 he obtained a position at Trapp, Blair and Co, Melbourne shipping agents and with the support of his employer was able to pursue his dream of an Antarctic whaling and sealing expedition. In 1893, Norwegian whaling and shipping magnate Svend Foyn agreed\n\nJulie Lynne Hayek (born October 4, 1960) is an American actress, model, charity worker and beauty queen who won Miss USA 1983. Early life Hayek is of Czech and German descent on her father's side and Norwegian, Scottish, Irish, and English on her mother's side. Her father was an airline pilot and her mother a high school guidance counselor. She graduated from UCLA a year after holding the Miss USA title, with a bachelor's degree in biology and a minor in psychology. While cheerleading at UCLA, she was discovered. After shooting a poster for 20th Century Fox, she was asked to do a screen test by Paramount Studios head of casting Rueben Cannon, and was subsequently featured in an NBC Nightly News story. She was prominently featured in a Sports Illustrated article about the UCLA cheerleading squad, Eight Beauties and a Beat. Miss USA Hayek won the 1983 Miss California\n\n\"I Keep Forgettin\" is a song by Chuck Jackson, written by Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller, and Gilbert Garfield. It appears on his second studio album Any Day Now. It peaked at No. 55 on the Billboard Top 100 and remained on the chart for 7 weeks. It did not chart on the R&B chart. This single is often cited as one of the most innovative yet least commercial singles written and produced by Leiber-Stoller. In 1982, Michael McDonald released a song titled \"I Keep Forgettin' (Every Time You're Near)\". The song's similarity to Jackson's \"I Keep Forgettin'\" resulted in Leiber and Stoller being given a songwriting credit. Track listing \"I Keep Forgettin'\" (Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller, Garfield) \u2013 2:43 \"Who's Gonna Pick Up the Pieces\" (Florence Green, Van McCoy) \u2013 2:47 Chart performance Cover versions The Artwoods recorded a version of the song for their 1966 album Art Gallery. Checkmates,\n\nQuestion: Who is Julie Hayek", "output": "Julie Lynne Hayek is an American actress, model, charity worker and beauty queen who won Miss USA 1983."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Pension Protection Fund (PPF) is a statutory corporation, set up by the Pensions Act 2004, and has been protecting members of eligible defined benefit (DB) pension schemes across the United Kingdom since 2005. It protects close to 10 million members belonging to more than 5,200 pension schemes across the UK. If an employer collapses and its DB pension scheme cannot pay members what they were promised, the PPF will pay compensation for their lost pensions. Despite being a public body, the PPF is not funded by the government or the taxpayers. It has four sources of funding including an annual levy charged to all the eligible pension schemes under its protection, income from its investments, assets from the schemes that transfer into the fund and recoveries, including money and other assets, from the insolvent employers of the schemes that transfer into the fund. The PPF is one of the\n\nThis is a Timeline of South Australian history. Pre 1836 18,000 BC: Evidence of flint mining activity and rock art in the Koonalda Cave on the Nullarbor Plain. 1627: First recorded European sighting of the South Australian coast. 1802: South Australian coastline mapped by Matthew Flinders und Nicolas Baudin. 1802 (Circa): Unofficial settlement of Kangaroo Island by sealers. 1830: Captain Charles Sturt travels to the mouth of the Murray River in a whale boat. 1831: Captain Collet Barker explores the Adelaide Plains and climbs to the summit of Mount Lofty. 1800s 1830s 1836: South Australia proclaimed by Governor John Hindmarsh on 28 December at the Old Gum Tree, Glenelg. 1836: Site for Adelaide chosen by Colonel William Light beside the River Torrens. 1837: Colonel Light completes survey of Adelaide city centre and designs the city's grid layout. Allotments of are made. 1837: First regional town, Gawler, is founded north of\n\nSir Henry Lytton (born Henry Alfred Jones; 3 January 1865 \u2013 15 August 1936) was an English actor and singer who was the leading exponent of the starring comic patter-baritone roles in Gilbert and Sullivan operas from 1909 to 1934. He also starred in musical comedies. His career with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company spanned 50 years, and he is the only performer ever knighted for achievements in Gilbert and Sullivan roles. Lytton was born in London; he studied there with a painter but then went on the stage in defiance of his family's wishes. At the age of 19 he married Louie Henri, an actress and singer who helped him gain a place in a D'Oyly Carte touring company in 1884. After briefly playing in other companies, he and his wife rejoined D'Oyly Carte. He had an early breakthrough in 1887 when the Savoy Theatre star George Grossmith fell\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Timeline of South Australian history is.", "output": "This is a Timeline of South Australian history."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bille August (born 9 November 1948) is a Danish director, screenwriter, and cinematographer of film and television. In a career spanning over four decades, he has been the recipient of numerous accolades, making him one of the most acclaimed contemporary Danish filmmakers. August's 1987 film Pelle the Conqueror won the , Academy Award and Golden Globe Award. He is one of only nine directors to win the twice, winning the award again in 1992 for The Best Intentions, based on the autobiographical script by Ingmar Bergman. His filmography includes The House of the Spirits, based on the novel by Isabel Allende; Smilla's Sense of Snow; Les Mis\u00e9rables; Night Train to Lisbon, Silent Heart, The Chinese Widow and A Fortunate Man. He has received five Robert Awards (including Best Film and Best Director) and three Bodil Awards for Best Danish Film. He is also a Knight of the Order of the\n\nLaurence Olivier (1907\u20131989) was an English actor who, along with his contemporaries Ralph Richardson and John Gielgud, dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century. He also worked in films throughout his career, playing more than fifty cinema roles. From 1935 he performed in radio broadcasts and, from 1956, had considerable success in television roles. After attending drama school, Olivier began his professional career with small touring companies before being taken on in 1925 by Sybil Thorndike and her husband, Lewis Casson, as a bit-part player, understudy and assistant stage manager for their London company. In 1926 he joined the Birmingham Repertory Company, where he was given the chance to play a wide range of key roles. In 1930 he had his first important West End success in No\u00ebl Coward's Private Lives, and in 1935 he played in a celebrated production of Romeo and Juliet alongside Gielgud and Peggy Ashcroft,\n\nHockey Saskatchewan is the governing body of all ice hockey in Saskatchewan. Hockey Saskatchewan is a branch of Hockey Canada. Hockey Saskatchewan was established as the Saskatchewan Amateur Hockey Association in 1906, and was later known as the Saskatchewan Hockey Association. History The Saskatchewan Amateur Hockey Association (SAHA) was established in 1906 to govern ice hockey in the province of Saskatchewan. Its senior ice hockey teams began competing for the Allan Cup in 1909. The SAHA became a charter member of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association when the national body was established in 1914. Junior ice hockey teams from Saskatchewan began competing for the Memorial Cup in 1919. The SAHA later shortened its name to the Saskatchewan Hockey Association (SHA). The SHA rebranded itself as Hockey Saskatchewan in 2021, to bring itself inline with the naming convention used by Hockey Canada, and to avoid confusion with the Saskatchewan Health Authority\n\nQuestion: What's Hockey Saskatchewan?", "output": "Hockey Saskatchewan is the governing body of all ice hockey in Saskatchewan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Catholic Church in Bolivia is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Catholicism was introduced in the 1530s and the first diocese was established in 1552. Evangelization among the Indians bore much fruit from the mid-18th to early 19th century, resuming again in 1840. The country declared independence from Spain in 1825. Today, Bolivia is a predominantly Catholic country. Although the Church was disestablished as the state religion in early 2009, relations between Church and state are guided by a concordat signed with the Holy See in 1951. According to a 2018 survey, 70% of Bolivians were Catholics. Organization There are seventeen territorial jurisdictions in the country\u2014four archdioceses, six dioceses, and five apostolic vicariates and two Territorial Prelatures: Archdiocese of Cochabamba Diocese of Oruro Territorial Prelature of Aiquile Archdiocese of La Paz Diocese of Coroico Diocese of El Alto Territorial Prelature\n\nThe University of Sarajevo (Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian: Univerzitet u Sarajevu / Sveu\u010dili\u0161te u Sarajevu / \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0443 \u0421\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0458\u0435\u0432\u0443) is a public university located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the largest and oldest university in the country, tracing its initial origins to 1537 as an Islamic madrasa. With 20 faculties, three academies and three faculties of theology and with 30,866 enrolled students as of 2014, it ranks among the largest universities in the Balkans in terms of enrollment. Since opening its doors in 1949, a total of 122,000 students received bachelor's degrees, 3,891 received master's degrees and 2,284 received doctorate degrees in 45 different fields. It is now widely regarded as the most prestigious university in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and employs more than one thousand faculty members. History Ottoman period, late Medieval-early Modern Before establishment of modern University of Sarajevo, first schools of higher educations in Sarajevo and\n\nVasyl Semenovych Stus (; 6 January 1938, Rakhnivka, Ukrainian SSR \u2013 4 September 1985, Perm-36, Kuchino, Russian SFSR) was a Ukrainian poet, translator, literary critic, journalist, and an active member of the Ukrainian dissident movement. For his political convictions, his works were banned by the Soviet regime and he spent 13 years in detention until his death in Perm-36\u2014then a Soviet forced labor camp for political prisoners, subsequently The Museum of the History of Political Repression\u2014after having declared a hunger strike on September 4, 1985. On November 26, 2005, the Ukrainian president Viktor Yushchenko posthumously awarded him the highest national title: Hero of Ukraine. Stus is widely regarded as one of Ukraine's foremost poets. Biography Vasyl Stus was born on January 6, 1938, into a peasant family in the village of Rakhnivka, Haisyn Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast (modern Ukraine) (province), Ukrainian SSR. The following year, his parents Semen Demyanovych and Iryna\n\nQuestion: What's University of Sarajevo?", "output": "The University of Sarajevo is a public university located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Page\u2013Ladson archaeological and paleontological site (8JE591) is a deep sinkhole in the bed of the karstic Aucilla River (between Jefferson and Taylor counties in the Big Bend region of Florida) that has stratified deposits of late Pleistocene and early Holocene animal bones and human artifacts. The site was the first pre-Clovis site discovered in southeastern North America; radiocarbon evidence suggests that the site dates from 14,200 to 14,550 BP. These dates are roughly 1,000 to 1,500 years before the advent of the Clovis culture. Early dates for Page\u2013Ladson challenge theories that humans quickly decimated large game populations in the area once they arrived. Prehistoric environment At the height of the last ice age (the Wisconsin glaciation), the sea level was up to 100 meters lower than at present. Much more land was above the water along the coast, which was extended much farther to the west. Most of Florida\n\nTschierv is a village in the Val M\u00fcstair municipality in the district of Inn in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. In 2009 Tschierv merged with Fuldera, L\u00fc, M\u00fcstair, Santa Maria Val M\u00fcstair and Valchava to form the municipality of Val M\u00fcstair. History Tschierv is first mentioned in 1432 as Zirff. In the past it was known under the German name of Cierfs. Geography Tschierv has an area, , of . Of this area, 25.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 26.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (46.3%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). The municipality is located in the Val M\u00fcstair sub-district (now Val M\u00fcstair municipality) of the Inn District. The borders of the village once stretched west over the Ofen Pass to Buffalora, Italy and included part of the Val N\u00fcglia, which since 1918 has been part\n\nThe Bank of Hamilton was established in 1872 by local businessmen in the city of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada under the leadership of Donald McInnes, the bank's first President. Like the other Canadian chartered banks, it issued its own paper money. The bank issued notes from 1872 to 1922. The end dates are the final dates appearing on notes, which may have circulated for some time after. Beginnings The bank had a rough start, including near bankruptcy during the summer of 1879 when six banks in the area had to suspend activities due to financial difficulties. On August 1, 1879, the bank would run into further difficulties when its headquarters burned down; however, the bank would go on to thrive. On July 29, 1896 the Bank of Hamilton's first Winnipeg branch opened. By December 1898, six more branches were opened in Manitoba. This marked the beginning of two decades of explosive\n\nQuestion: Define Bank of Hamilton.", "output": "The Bank of Hamilton was established in 1872 by local businessmen in the city of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada under the leadership of Donald McInnes, the bank's first President."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bernardino Herrera Casanueva (born 15 October 1977 in Santander, Cantabria) is a field hockey goalkeeper from Spain. He earned his first cap for the Men's National Team in 1998 during the Champions Trophy tournament in Lahore, Pakistan. He is also the husband of the female hockey star Silvia Mu\u00f1oz. Herrera competed in two Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 2000. There he finished in ninth position, followed by the fourth place in Athens. The goalie of Club de Campo Villa de Madrid won the title at the Champions Trophy in Lahore, and at the 2005 Men's Hockey European Nations Cup in Leipzig. External links Profile on Athens 2004-website 1977 births Living people Sportspeople from Santander, Spain Field hockey players from Cantabria Spanish male field hockey players Male field hockey goalkeepers Olympic field hockey players for Spain Field hockey players at the 2000 Summer Olympics 2002 Men's Hockey World\n\nChina Aviation Oil (Singapore) Corporation Ltd (CAO) is the largest purchaser of jet fuel in the Asia Pacific region and supplies jet fuel to the civil aviation industry of the People's Republic of China (PRC). CAO supplies to the three key international airport in the PRC, i.e. Beijing Capital International Airport, Shanghai Pudong International Airport and Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, and accounts for more than 90% of PRC's jet fuel imports. CAO also engages in international trading of jet fuel and other oil products such as fuel oil and gas oil. CAO owns investments in strategic oil-related businesses, which include Shanghai Pudong International Airport Aviation Fuel Supply Company Ltd and China National Aviation Fuel TSN-PEK Pipeline Transportation Corporation Ltd. The company was incorporated on 26 May 1993, and has been listed on the Singapore Exchange since December 2001. 2004 Scandal CAO began trading oil-related derivatives to hedge its purchases of\n\nDalbandin (Urdu and ) is a city and the headquarter of District Chagai in the province of Balochistan near the Iran and Afghanistan border. It has a population of 16,319, and the remainder of the entire Dalbandin Tehsil has a population of 110,503. It is located at an altitude of 843 m (2769 ft). Dalbandin is famous for fruit orchards and more. Dalbandin Airport is a small domestic airport located southwest of the city.Dalbandin City is surrounded by Desert and Mountain.Afghan Refugee Camp is also located in between Dalbandin Chagai road. Etymology The name of city has a little story. Before the advent of the British into the Sub-Continent, the territory was known as Naalbandin. The people in this area were expert farriers, that were regionally known Naalbandin. But the English people could not properly pronounce the word Naalbandin and modified it into Dalbandin. Climate Dalbandin has a hot desert\n\nQuestion: What is China Aviation Oil?", "output": "China Aviation Oil Corporation Ltd is the largest purchaser of jet fuel in the Asia Pacific region and supplies jet fuel to the civil aviation industry of the People's Republic of China."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Anita Faye Hill (born July 30, 1956) is an American lawyer, educator and author. She is a professor of social policy, law, and women's studies at Brandeis University and a faculty member of the university's Heller School for Social Policy and Management. She became a national figure in 1991 when she accused U.S. Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas, her supervisor at the United States Department of Education and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, of sexual harassment. Early life and education Anita Hill was born to a family of farmers in Lone Tree, Oklahoma, the youngest of Albert and Erma Hill's 13 children. Her family came from Arkansas, where her maternal grandfather Henry Eliot and all of her great-grandparents had been born into slavery. Hill was raised in the Baptist faith. Hill graduated from Morris High School, Oklahoma in 1973, where she was class valedictorian. After high school, she enrolled at\n\nGarlic knots are a type of garlic bread found primarily in pizzerias around New York City and the surrounding regions. They were developed in the 1940s in Brooklyn. Many pizzerias claim to be the progenitors of the baked good. As they are a way to make use of scraps, garlic knots tend to be the least expensive item on a pizzeria menu, often provided as complimentary with larger orders. Making garlic knots Garlic knots are typically made from bread dough. The dough is rolled and then pulled into small, tight overhand knots, and pre-baked in a pizza oven (temperatures of 700 \u00b0F or higher). The knots are then dipped in or generously brushed with a mix of oil, Parmesan cheese, and crushed garlic; variations can include finely chopped parsley, dried oregano, or black pepper. Before serving, garlic knots are baked a second time, and may be accompanied by marinara sauce.\n\nThe Star Wars Epic Duels board game was released by Hasbro in 2002. It was designed for ages 8 and up, and for 2-6 players. The main designer of the game was Craig Van Ness, with assistance from Rob Daviau. It is out of print. Characters There are 12 major characters in the game, and each major character is accompanied by one or two minor characters. The character combinations are: Anakin Skywalker with Padm\u00e9 Amidala, Darth Maul with two Battle Droids, Obi-Wan Kenobi with two clone troopers, Yoda with two clone troopers, Luke Skywalker with Princess Leia, Mace Windu with two clone troopers, Darth Vader with two Stormtroopers, Count Dooku with two Super Battle Droids, Boba Fett with Greedo, Emperor Palpatine with two Royal Guards, Jango Fett with Zam Wesell, and Han Solo with Chewbacca. Game play Game play is based on a card-centered combat system. Each set of characters\n\nQuestion: Who is Anita Hill?", "output": "Anita Faye Hill is an American lawyer, educator and author."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Aleister Crowley (; born Edward Alexander Crowley; 12 October 1875 \u2013 1 December 1947) was an English occultist, philosopher, ceremonial magician, poet, painter, novelist and mountaineer. He founded the religion of Thelema, identifying himself as the prophet entrusted with guiding humanity into the \u00c6on of Horus in the early 20th century. A prolific writer, he published widely over the course of his life. Born to a wealthy family in Royal Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, Crowley rejected his parents' fundamentalist Christian Plymouth Brethren faith to pursue an interest in Western esotericism. He was educated at Trinity College at the University of Cambridge, where he focused his attentions on mountaineering and poetry, resulting in several publications. Some biographers allege that here he was recruited into a British intelligence agency, further suggesting that he remained a spy throughout his life. In 1898, he joined the esoteric Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, where he\n\nNational Lawyers' Congress (NLC) is the body representing the lawyers practising before the various courts of India on behalf of Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran) (DIC). History National Lawyers\u2019 Congress (NLC) was formed as a front organisation of DIC(K). Its first State convention was held in Cochin on 28 May 2005. NLC organized special reception for the Nava Kerala Yatra under the leadership of the DIC(K) president Sri. K. Muraleedharan on 20 December 2005 at Jos Junction and garlanded the President with currency worth Rs. 41500/- as a special contribution for the DIC(K) building fund for Priyadarsini Bhavan. The function was attended by a large number of lawyers from Kerala High Court, Ernakulam District Court, North ParavurAdditional District Court and the courts in Aluva, Perumbavoor, Kochi, Muvattupuzha, Kolencheri and Kothamangalam along with lawyers' groups in Family Court, MACT, Tax, CBI, CAT, Consumer, Ombudsman, Human Rights etc. External links national-lawyers-congress.org Legal organisations\n\nGros-M\u00e9catina is a municipality on the Lower North Shore of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, near the border with Labrador in Quebec, Canada. Located near crab, lobster, and scallop fishing grounds, it is dependent on the fishing business, including a fish processing factory that contributes to regional economic activity. The isolated municipality can only be reached via a regular weekly ferry service, or La Tabati\u00e8re Airport. The villages of La Tabati\u00e8re and Mutton Bay are connected via a asphalted road that has views of the gulf from the mountains; but in the winter the road is not plowed, and the only access is via snowmobile. The name, pronounced (me-kuh-TEE-nuh) is from the Innu word makatinau, or \"It is a large mountain.\" History Exploration of the area began in 1535 when Jacques Cartier passed by during his second voyage. The place became an important hunting and fishing ground in the first\n\nQuestion: Who was Aleister Crowley?", "output": "Aleister Crowley was an English occultist, philosopher, ceremonial magician, poet, painter, novelist and mountaineer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Voul\u00ed Tile\u00f3rasi (, Parliament TV) is a Greek network dedicated to airing non-stop coverage of government proceedings and public affairs programming. The name comes from Greek \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ae Voul\u00ed, meaning 'assembly', 'council', or 'parliament'; and Tile\u00f3rasi, meaning television. Overview The primary aim of the channel is to give each citizen direct access to the inner workings of the Hellenic Parliament. It broadcasts live all sessions of parliament and the meetings of the department of parliamentary recess. Also broadcast recorded not live, the work of the various permanent parliamentary committees. Voul\u00ed TV broadcasts a daily parliamentary newscast that gives briefings on the day-to-day business of parliament, as well as information on democratic institutions and the parliamentary history of Greece. It also features updates on the European Parliament with special emphasis on the Greek members of parliament. The network also features non-political type programming, a block of cultural programming airs daily from 6pm-Midnight,\n\nBanya Bashi Mosque (, ; ) is a mosque in Sofia, Bulgaria. History The mosque was designed by the famous Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan and completed in 1566, during the years the Ottomans had control of the city. The mosque derives its name from the phrase Banya Bashi, which means many baths. In the Turkish language Banyo means bath and Ba\u015f (pronounced Bash) means 'head' or 'main', so looking at the location it is built on, a more logical translation of the name would be 'Head of the bath mosque'. The most outstanding feature of the mosque is that it was actually built over natural thermal spas; one can even see the steam rising from vents in the ground near the mosque walls. The mosque is famous for its large dome, diameter 15m, and the minaret. Currently, the Banya Bashi Mosque is the only functioning mosque in Sofia, a remnant\n\nThe two were built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during World War II. Both ships of the class, and , were originally laid down as luxury passenger liners before being acquired by the IJN for conversion to aircraft carriers in 1941. Jun'y\u014d was the first of the sister ships to be completed in May 1942 and the ship participated in the invasion of the Aleutian Islands the following month. Both ships participated in several battles during the Guadalcanal Campaign in late 1942. Their aircraft were disembarked several times and used from land bases in a number of battles in the South West Pacific. Hiy\u014d was torpedoed in June 1943 and Jun'y\u014d in November; both ships spent about three months under repair. They spent most of the time after their repairs training and ferrying aircraft before returning to combat. Hiy\u014d was sunk by a gasoline vapor explosion caused by an\n\nQuestion: Define Banya Bashi Mosque.", "output": "Banya Bashi Mosque is a mosque in Sofia, Bulgaria."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Phenomics is the systematic study of traits that make up a phenotype. It was coined by UC Berkeley and LBNL scientist Steven A. Garan. As such, it is a transdisciplinary area of research that involves biology, data sciences, engineering and other fields. Phenomics is concerned with the measurement of the phenotype where a phenome is a set of traits (physical and biochemical traits) that can be produced by a given organism over the course of development and in response to genetic mutation and environmental influences. It is also important to remember that an organisms phenotype changes with time. The relationship between phenotype and genotype enables researchers to understand and study pleiotropy. Phenomics concepts are used in functional genomics, pharmaceutical research, metabolic engineering, agricultural research, and increasingly in phylogenetics. Technical challenges involve improving, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the capacity to measure phenomes. Applications Plant sciences In plant sciences, phenomics research occurs\n\nFukuisaurus (meaning \"Fukui (Fortunate) lizard\") is a genus of herbivorous ornithopod dinosaur that lived during the Early Cretaceous in what is now Japan. The type species is F. tetoriensis, which was named and described in 2003. Discovery and naming Remains of Fukuisaurus were discovered in 1989, in Katsuyama, Fukui Prefecture, in rocks from the Kitadani Formation, dating to the Barremian. The type species, Fukuisaurus tetoriensis, was described in 2003 by Yoshitsugu Kobayashi and Yoichi Azuma. The genus name refers to Fukui; the specific name to the geological Tetori Group. The type specimens or cotypes are FPDM-V-40-1, a right maxilla, and FPDM-V-40-2, a right jugal. Further elements of a skull and a right sternal plate had been recovered. Since 2003 much more extensive finds have been made and much of the skeleton is now known. Description Fukuisaurus was a relatively small ornithopod. In 2010 Gregory S. Paul estimated its length at\n\nSergio Pascual Vargas Parra (Villa Altagracia, Dominican Republic, March 15, 1960) is a performer of merengue and bolero, who was very popular in the 80s and 90s, during the \"golden age of merengue\" and today remains active as one of the leading figures in Dominican merengue. His brothers, Kaki and Johnny, are also interpreters of the genre and have been by his side for much of their respective musical careers. Vargas was a deputy for the Dominican Liberation Party representing his people Villa Altagracia in the period 2006\u20132010. Career Known as El negrito de Villa, Vargas participated in the Festival of the Voice organized by the Dominican musician Rafael Solano, where he finished second. Two years later in 1982, he became part of the Dionis Fern\u00e1ndez orchestra. In this orchestra, Sergio came to perform great hits like \"The designers\", \"To the rhythm of the night\", \"A man and a woman\",\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Sergio Vargas is.", "output": "Sergio Pascual Vargas Parra is a performer of merengue and bolero, who was very popular in the 80s and 90s, during the \"golden age of merengue\" and today remains active as one of the leading figures in Dominican merengue."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Latin liturgical rites, or Western liturgical rites, is a large family of liturgical rites and uses of public worship employed by the Latin Church, the largest particular church sui iuris of the Catholic Church, that originated in Europe where the Latin language once dominated. Its language is now known as Ecclesiastical Latin. The most used rite is the Roman Rite. The Latin rites were for many centuries no less numerous than the modern Eastern Catholic liturgical rites. The number of Latin rites and uses is now much reduced. In the aftermath of the Council of Trent, in 1568 and 1570 Pope Pius V suppressed the breviaries and missals that could not be shown to have an antiquity of at least two centuries in favor of the Roman Missal and Roman Breviary. Many local rites that remained legitimate even after this decree were abandoned voluntarily, especially in the 19th century, in\n\nFrank Beddor (July 31, 1958) is a former American world champion freestyle skier, film producer, actor, stuntman, and author. He worked as a producer on There's Something About Mary and Wicked, and wrote the book The Looking Glass Wars. Life and career Beddor grew up in Excelsior, Minnesota. His parents often traveled and by age twelve, Beddor already knew how to barefoot-ski. After winning nationals, Beddor was invited to join the Olympic ski team. He went on tour in Europe for competitive skiing. Beddor was World Champion freestyler skier in 1981 and 1982. In 1985 Beddor played John Cusack's skiing stunt double in Better Off Dead. Beddor moved to Los Angeles during this period and studied with acting coach Stella Adler. Part of Adler's method was encouraging her students to write the scene the character is in before stepping onstage. Later, Beddor started his career in producing. He worked as\n\nPrince Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini (15 May 1942 \u2013 28 September 2018) was a Swazi politician who served as Prime Minister of Eswatini, from 1996 to 2003 and again from October 2008 to September 2018. Career Dlamini was a member of parliament from 1978 before becoming Minister of Finance from 1984 to 1993. He was also an executive director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). From 1996 to 2003, he was Prime Minister, and in 2003 he became a member of King Mswati III's advisory council. Dlamini was a candidate, backed by the Swazi government, for the position of Chairperson of the African Union Commission in early 2008. The government withdrew his candidacy out of solidarity with the Southern African Development Community (SADC) so that SADC could present a single candidate. Following the September 2008 parliamentary election, Dlamini was reappointed as Prime Minister by Mswati III on 16 October 2008. Jan\n\nQuestion: Who is Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini?", "output": "Prince Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini was a Swazi politician who served as Prime Minister of Eswatini, from 1996 to 2003 and again from October 2008 to September 2018."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Malbazar, also known as Mal, is a town and a municipality in Jalpaiguri district in the state of West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Malbazar subdivision. It lies about 65 km from Jalpaiguri and 55 km from Siliguri. It lies on the bank of river Neora. History Before 1947 Malbazar was a very small place, mainly known for its tea gardens mostly owned by British people. Those tea gardens had a few Bengali white collar employees and the work force consisted of tribal people. After independence of India as well as partition of Bengal refugees from the then East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) started to settle here by cutting down forests. By that time, Narayan Chandra Bannerjee, Dr Amalendu Biswas (came from Pabna), Debaprasad Ghosh(Patal Babu),Dr Tarak Mukherjee, Nripendra nath Choudhary who came there from Dhaka established this city. Bannerjee had earned a lot of respect for his\n\nLowman is a small unincorporated rural census-designated place in the western United States, located in Boise County, Idaho. It is nestled along the north bank of the South Fork of the Payette River in the central part of the state, at an elevation of above sea level. As of the 2010 census, its population was 42. History The community was named for a homesteader, Nathaniel Winfield Lowman, from Polk County, Iowa, who settled there in 1907. Lowman is notable for having a one-room school, one of only a couple hundred still in use in the United States. A devastating wildfire ravaged the area around Lowman in 1989; it destroyed over and 26 structures, but without injuries or fatalities. Geography from Boise on State Highway 21, the \"Ponderosa Pine Scenic Byway,\" Lowman is at the junction with the \"Banks-Lowman Highway\"; now designated Highway 2512A. It is the \"Wildlife Canyon Scenic Byway,\"\n\nPul-e-Charkhi prison (Pashto/Dari: \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0644 \u0686\u0631\u062e\u06cc), also known as the Afghan National Detention Facility, is a maximum-security prison located next to the Ahmad Shah Baba Mina neighborhood in the eastern part of Kabul, Afghanistan. It has the capacity to house between 5,000 and 14,000 inmates, but as of February 2023 it only has between 2,000 and 2,500 inmates, most of whom have been arrested and convicted within the jurisdiction of Kabul Province. It is considered the country's largest prison. History Construction of Pul-e-Charkhi prison began in the 1970s by order of former president Mohammed Daoud Khan and was completed during the 1980s. It became notorious for torture and executions after the 1978 Saur Revolution as well as during the ten-year Soviet war that followed. Some claim that between April 1978 and December 1979, the communist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) under Nur Muhammad Taraki, executed around 27,000 political prisoners\n\nQuestion: What is Lowman, Idaho", "output": "Lowman is a small unincorporated rural census-designated place in the western United States, located in Boise County, Idaho."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Manavadar is a city and a municipality in Junagadh district of India. History Bantva Manavadar was a princely state of British India. Founded in 1733, it became a British protectorate in 1818. On 25 September 1947, it acceded to the newly formed Pakistan. However, Indian forces entered the area on the grounds that the state was a vassal of the Junagadh state, which was itself a vassal of the Baroda state that had acceded to India. This land is still considered a disputed area between India and Pakistan. It was also known as the Asia's third center for cotton ginning. It contained almost around more than 75 ginning factories of cotton. Pakistan's government has maintained its territorial claim on Manavadar, along with Junagadh State and Sir Creek in Gujarat, on its official political map. Geography Manavadar is located at . It has an average elevation of 24 metres (78 feet).\n\nBorland Software Corporation was a computer technology company founded in 1983 by Niels Jensen, Ole Henriksen, Mogens Glad, and Philippe Kahn. Its main business was the development and sale of software development and software deployment products. Borland was first headquartered in Scotts Valley, California, then in Cupertino, California, and then in Austin, Texas. In 2009, the company became a full subsidiary of the British firm Micro Focus International plc. History The 1980s: Foundations Borland Ltd. was founded in August 1981 by three Danish citizens Niels Jensen, Ole Henriksen, and Mogens Glad to develop products like Word Index for the CP/M operating system using an off-the-shelf company. However, the response to the company's products at the CP/M-82 show in San Francisco showed that a U.S. company would be needed to reach the American market. They met Philippe Kahn, who had just moved to Silicon Valley and had been a key developer\n\nIlluminares is an annual lantern festival formerly held every summer in John Hendry Park (also known colloquially Trout Lake Park) in east Vancouver. The first festival took place in 1989. In 2010, it moved to Canada Place, them returned to John Hendry Park in 2012. It was produced by the Public Dreams Society, a group formed in 1985 to encourage community participation in creativity. A nighttime event, it featured street performers such as fire-breathers, jugglers and bands. Local artists conducted lantern-making workshops, and participants brought their own ornate homemade lanterns. The festival was financed through corporate and community sponsors, government grants, and donations from attendees. Beginning as a small community festival, it quickly grew into one of Vancouver's most popular events. About 30,000 people attended each year. Another local lantern festival, the North Shore's Wild Lights Lantern Festival, continues to be held in Edgemont Village. References External links Public Dreams'\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Borland is.", "output": "Borland Software Corporation was a computer technology company founded in 1983 by Niels Jensen, Ole Henriksen, Mogens Glad, and Philippe Kahn."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Royal Air Force East Fortune, or more simply RAF East Fortune, is a former Royal Air Force station located just south of the village of East Fortune. It is a short distance east of Edinburgh, in Scotland. RAF East Fortune was used as a fighter station during the First World War and later used by a night fighter operational training unit during the Second World War. The motto of the station is \"Fortune Favours the Bold\". Following the Second World War, the runways were taken over for local private aviation use. The former RAF buildings have been used for the National Museum of Flight since 1976. The airfield is a Scheduled Monument. History The establishment of East Fortune as a flying station pre-dates the formation of the Royal Air Force. RAF East Fortune was first designated as a fighter and airship airfield in 1915 and became a Royal Naval Air\n\nKWQC-TV (channel 6) is a television station licensed to Davenport, Iowa, United States, serving the Quad Cities area as an affiliate of NBC. Owned by Gray Television, the station maintains studios on Brady Street in downtown Davenport, and its transmitter is located near Orion, Illinois. History KWQC first signed on the air on October 31, 1949, as WOC-TV. The station was founded by B. J. Palmer, founder of the Palmer College of Chiropractic (located directly across the street from the station's studios) along with WOC radio (1420 AM and 103.7 FM, now WLLR-FM). The WOC stations were also sister stations to WHO-AM/FM/TV in Des Moines. According to local legend, the WOC calls stood for \"Wonders of Chiropractic\", though the Palmer family never acknowledged the phrase in print or otherwise. WOC-TV has the distinction of being considered both Iowa's and the Quad Cities' first television station, carrying programming from all four\n\nCatterlen is a small village and civil parish north west of Penrith, Cumbria. At the 2001 census the civil parish had a population of 471, increasing to 605 at the 2011 Census. The village is a linear one with the B5305 road dividing it into two. Junction 41 of the M6 motorway is at Catterlen. The parish of Catterlen also includes the slightly more populous village of Newton Reigny which was a separate parish from 1866 to 1934, previous to 1866 both villages were part of a larger Newton Reigny Parish. The large house and former pele tower known as Catterlen Hall is closer to Newton Reigny than Catterlen. Within the parish is Newton Rigg College, which was part of the Yorkshire-based Askham Bryan College. Etymology The name Catterlen is Brittonic in origin. The first part of the name is the element cadeir, meaning \"throne, chair\" (see Chatterton and Chadderton\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Catterlen is.", "output": "Catterlen is a small village and civil parish  north west of Penrith, Cumbria."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Brevik Bridge () is one of two bridges that span the mouth of the Frierfjord. It connects the municipalities of Bamble and Porsgrunn in Vestfold og Telemark county. On the west side, in Bamble, lies the town of Stathelle, while on the east side lies the town of Brevik in Porsgrunn. When the bridge opened in May 1962, it was part of the European route E18 highway. In 1996, the nearby Grenland Bridge () opened, taking over this role. Today, it is part of national road 354. Protection In 1997, the Norwegian Public Roads Administration and Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage were ordered to prepare a protection plan for state-owned roadworks in Norway. The final report published in 2002, National Protection Plan for Roads, Bridges, and Road-Related Cultural Heritage, recommended that both Brevik Bridge and Grenland Bridge be protected. On April 17, 2008, the Directorate for Cultural Heritage officially protected\n\nHicham Mesbahi (born December 4, 1980) is a boxer from Morocco who participated in three Olympics. He was born in Casablanca. In 2000, when Sydney hosted the Summer Olympics, he fell in the second round. At the 2004 Summer Olympics where he fought for his native North African country he was defeated in the second round of the flyweight (51 kg) division by Poland's Andrzej Rzany. He qualified for the Athens Games by winning the gold medal at the 1st AIBA African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Casablanca, Morocco. In the final of the event he defeated Algeria's Mebarek Soltani. For the 2008 Summer Olympics Mesbahi qualified at bantamweight beating among others Issa Samir even though he lost the final of the qualifier to Abdelhalim Ouradi. References 1980 births Sportspeople from Casablanca Flyweight boxers Olympic boxers for Morocco Living people Boxers at the 2000 Summer Olympics Boxers at the 2004\n\nBaltasar and Blimunda (, 1982) is a novel by the Nobel Prize-winning Portuguese author Jos\u00e9 Saramago. It is an 18th-century love story intertwined with the construction of the Convent of Mafra, now one of Portugal's chief tourist attractions, as a background. Two young lovers interact naturally with historical characters including the composer and harpsichordist Domenico Scarlatti and the priest Bartolomeu de Gusm\u00e3o, recognized today as an aviation pioneer, all in the shadow of the Inquisition. The lovers are always at center stage wrapped in Saramago's language, which ranges from short simple sentences to surrealistic, unpunctuated paragraphs that help to intensify both the action and the setting. The book served as the basis for the opera Blimunda (1990), composed by Azio Corghi. Critical reception \"Much reverberates in memory after reading this enchanting novel, but most of all the love story which soars over the rest of the action like a flute\n\nQuestion: Who is Hicham Mesbahi?", "output": "Hicham Mesbahi is a boxer from Morocco who participated in three Olympics."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hazel Ying Lee (; August 24, 1912 \u2013 November 25, 1944) was an American pilot who flew for the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) during World War II. Early life Lee was born in Portland, Oregon. Her parents were Yuet Lee and Ssiu Lan Wong, first-generation Chinese Americans who had immigrated to Portland from Taishan, Guangdong. The family owned a Chinese restaurant in Old Town Chinatown. Lee's mother devoted her energy to raising eight children and helping with the family business. Despite the widespread anti-Chinese bias of her time, Lee led a full and active life. She was involved in athletics such as swimming and handball, loved to play cards, and in her teenage years, learned how to drive. Following graduation from Commerce High School in 1929, Lee found a job as an elevator operator at Liebes Department Store in downtown Portland. It was one of the few jobs that\n\nTrickbaby is a London based band, influenced by modern dance music and Indian Bollywood classics. They are based around the songwriting partnership of Saira Hussain and Steve Ager, and the rhythms of Vikaash Sankadecha. Lead singer Saira cites influences from modern Western music through to Bollywood movies. Career Trickbaby's debut single, \"Indie-Yarn\" received mainstream media attention. It reached #46 in the UK Singles Chart, and was the first Hindi language single to be playlisted at BBC Radio One. Following media support for \"Neelaa\" after its inclusion on the Asian Flavas album, particularly at Radio One, Trickbaby released their debut album, Hanging Around on their own Chachaman label. Five stars in OK!, Mojo, and a good reviews in The Times, The Observer and in the main Asian press resulted in Trickbaby signing to EMI\u2019s Far East head office in Hong Kong. MTV in the SE Asia region made Trickbaby artist of\n\nThe Australian Army is the principal land warfare force of Australia, a part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) along with the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Australian Air Force. The Army is commanded by the Chief of Army (CA), who is subordinate to the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) who commands the ADF. The CA is also directly responsible to the Minister for Defence, with the Department of Defence administering the ADF and the Army. Formed in 1901, as the Commonwealth Military Forces, through the amalgamation of the colonial forces of Australia following the Federation of Australia. Although Australian soldiers have been involved in a number of minor and major conflicts throughout Australia's history, only during the Second World War has Australian territory come under direct attack. The Australian Army was initially composed almost completely of part\u2013time soldiers, where the vast majority were in units of the\n\nQuestion: Define Trickbaby.", "output": "Trickbaby is a London based band, influenced by modern dance music and Indian Bollywood classics."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Britonia (which became Breto\u00f1a in Galician and Spanish) is the name of a Romano-British settlement on the northern coast of the Iberian peninsula at the time of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain. The area is roughly analogous to the northern parts of the modern provinces of A Coru\u00f1a and Lugo in the autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. History Britonia was established in the Germanic Kingdom of the Suebi, in Gallaecia, northwestern Hispania, in the late 5th and early 6th centuries AD by Romano-Britons. Britonia is therefore similar to Brittany in Gaul (present-day France), in that it was settled by expatriate Britons at roughly the same time. But unlike in Brittany, the Celts settling in the Iberian Britonia were soon assimilated, completely losing their original language. The Britons may have occupied a pre-existing hill fort or castro. Gallaecia had earlier been inhabited by the Gallaeci peoples, before the arrival of the\n\nVinger Royal Road (Eskoleia) was the historical name of an ancient route in southern Norway. Historically Eskoleia was one of the most important traffic arteries between Norway and Sweden. It provided an established road leading both north and south from the Swedish border. After the canonization of Saint Olaf in 1031, Eskoleia became an important pilgrim\u2019s route from Sweden. During the early medieval period, pilgrims traveled to the shrine of St. Olaf at Trondheim. In Koppom in Eda Municipality, there was an old chapel site from pilgrimage hikes to Nidaros, with cross and altar called Eskoleia Uligama. From Sweden, Eskoleia went from Vingulmark (the land south and east of the Oslo Fjord) over Raumariki along Glomma further over S\u00f8r-Odal and Vinger to Eidskog. The road has also been important militarily and the route of several invasions throughout history. The last time the Swedish forces attacked by way of Eidskog was\n\nThe A Band are a British musical collective formed in Nottingham in the late 1980s. In 2005, The Wire compared the band's importance to that of AMM and SME, and noted their lack of musical training. The line-up of the group has never been fixed. New members are always invited to join the band. History Some of the early A Band members had previously recorded material in the 1980s as Well Crucial, a group scattered across the UK and, in some cases, collaborating by post. A core of members was based in Kettering, Northamptonshire around Neil Campbell, Stewart Keith and Stream Angel, with other contributions by Richard Youngs. However, by 1990 these members had moved to Nottingham and the focus shifted there, with Well Crucial effectively ceasing to be. The A Band itself was founded at the behest of saxophonist Vince Earimal, who required a backing band, and the unit\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Britonia is.", "output": "Britonia is the name of a  Romano-British settlement on the northern coast of the Iberian peninsula at the time of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hydrometeorology is a branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the lower atmosphere. Hydrologists often use data provided by meteorologists. As an example, a meteorologist might forecast of rain in a specific area, and a hydrologist might then forecast what the specific impact of that rain would be on the local terrain. UNESCO has several programs and activities in place that deal with the study of natural hazards of hydrometeorological origin and the mitigation of their effects. Among these hazards are the results of natural processes and atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic phenomena such as floods, tropical cyclones, drought, and desertification. Many countries have established an operational hydrometeorological capability to assist with forecasting, warning, and informing the public of these developing hazards. Hydrometeorological forecasting One of the more significant aspects of hydrometeorology involves predictions about and attempts to mitigate the\n\nBurr and Burton Academy (BBA) is a private, non-profit, co-educational, day and boarding school in Manchester, Vermont, United States. It was established in 1829 through a bequest from local businessman Joseph Burr. In addition to serving local students and families, BBA offers a boarding program for international students. Admissions Burr and Burton Academy accepts all students from designated \"sending towns,\" which vote annually to approve the school's tuition and pay the cost through education funding. Admission is also open on an annual basis to students from other, non-sending towns, as well as through BBA's International Program. Tuition for the 2022-23 school year is $19,200 for sending town students; $21,200 for non-sending town students; and $59,500 for boarding international students. Notable alumni James K. Batchelder, speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives Jacob Benton, congressman Charity Clark, Vermont Attorney General Sarah Norcliffe Cleghorn, educator, author, social reformer and poet Carroll William\n\nThe Woronora River is a perennial river of the Sydney Basin, located in the Sutherland Shire local government area of Greater Metropolitan Sydney, approximately south of the Sydney central business district, in New South Wales, Australia. 'Woronora' is an Aboriginal place name. Records show the spelling of the name has varied since it first appeared in the 19th century, the earliest being Wooloonora (Dixon, 1827, quoted in Walker 1974:66, followed by Wolonora (Dixon, 1837, and Woronora Mitchell, 1835). The name was first applied to the Woronora River, a tributary of the Georges River, before being given to an electoral district, a local road east of the river, and finally the suburb itself. The Woronora River rises on the northwestern slopes of the Illawarra escarpment and has its origin from Waratah Rivulet, near Darkes Forest, and flows generally north for approximately 36 kilometres (22 mi), joined by three minor tributaries, before\n\nQuestion: Define Woronora River.", "output": "The Woronora River is a perennial river of the Sydney Basin, located in the Sutherland Shire local government area of Greater Metropolitan Sydney, approximately  south of the Sydney central business district, in New South Wales, Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Derinkuyu (\"deep well\") (Cappadocian Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae; Latin: Malakop\u00ed) is a town in Nev\u015fehir Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Derinkuyu District. Its population is 10,912 (2022). The elevation is . Located in Cappadocia, Derinkuyu is notable for its large multi-level underground city, which is a major tourist attraction. The historical region of Cappadocia, where Derinkuyu is situated, contains several historical underground cities, carved out of a unique geological formation. They are not generally occupied. Over 200 underground cities at least two levels deep have been discovered in the area between Kayseri and Nev\u015fehir, with around 40 of those having at least three levels. The troglodyte cities at Derinkuyu and Kaymakl\u0131 are two of the best examples of underground dwellings. History The oldest written source about underground structures is the writings of Xenophon. In his Anabasis (circa 370 BCE), he writes that the people\n\nArnold Lynch (3 June 1914 \u2013 13 November 2004) was an English engineer, known for his work on an optical tape reader which was used in the construction of the Colossus, the first electronic computer. By 1944 ten Colossus computers were installed at Bletchley Park and used to read high-level (Fish or Tunny) German ciphers. Lynch joined the Post Office Research Station in 1936, specialising in the measurement of the electrical and magnetic properties of materials. He retired in 1974, but continued to come to work at NPL in the dielectric area of RF and microwave electromagnetism up to the year of his death. The Maths, Art and Design Technology Department at Dame Alice Owen's School was named after Lynch, in thanks for his work during his time at the school and his success as a scientist. He married Edith Taylor in 1953. Their children are Cedric Lynch and two\n\nBonk's Revenge, known as in Japan and PC Kid 2 in Europe, is a 2D platformer set in prehistory, originally for the PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 console, created in 1991 by the Red Company for Hudson Soft, and licensed by NEC. This is the second title in the Bonk series, and it was re-released for the TurboGrafx-16 in 1992 on the Gate of Thunder 4-in-1 game CD-ROM. A completely different game with the same name appeared on the Game Boy, whereas the original version was re-released for Wii Virtual Console and on the Japanese PlayStation Store. It was also released in Japan on Windows Store on December 13, 2013, and on Wii U Virtual Console on March 12, 2014. The title is also playable on the Turbografx-16/PC Engine Mini Console. Gameplay This time, the titular large-headed caveman is on a quest to recover half of the Moon, which was stolen by the\n\nQuestion: Define Bonk's Revenge.", "output": "Bonk's Revenge, known as  in Japan and PC Kid 2 in Europe, is a 2D platformer set in prehistory, originally for the PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 console, created in 1991 by the Red Company for Hudson Soft, and licensed by NEC."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "I Am Santa Claus is the second Christmas album by Bob Rivers & Twisted Radio. It was released in November 1993 by Atlantic Records (WEA 82548), five years after Twisted Christmas, and four years before More Twisted Christmas. Track listing \"There's Another Santa Claus\" - 2:01 (parody of \"Here Comes Santa Claus,\" performed by a Gene Autry impersonator) \"Walkin' 'Round in Women's Underwear\" - 1:55 (parody of \"Winter Wonderland\" about cross-dressing) \"I Am Santa Claus\" - 3:22 (sung to tune of \"Iron Man\" by Black Sabbath, except the last ten notes on the prominent guitar riff are replaced with five notes from Jingle Bells.) A music video was made for the title track, in which Rivers, playing a father of two, inexplicably transforms into a heavy-metal Santa Claus riding in a reindeer-pulled limousine on Christmas Eve. In a meta-cameo, Ozzy Osbourne, in a black-and-white universe watching the video on a\n\nMary Oppen (November 28, 1908 \u2013 May 14, 1990), was an American activist, artist, photographer, poet and writer. She published an autobiography, Meaning a Life (1978), and a book of verse, Poems and Transpositions (1980). Early life Oppen was born in Kalispell, Montana, to Ora and Alice (Conklin) Colby. Her father was a postmaster and her mother was a singer. She was raised in the Pacific Northwest. In 1926 she met George Oppen in a poetry class at Oregon State University. Although they were, respectively, suspended (George) and expelled (Mary) for staying out together overnight, they formed a serious commitment, eventually to be a lifetime bond. Together they travelled extensively, and this began the succession of friendships and contacts out of which the poetry and politics of George and Mary Oppen grew. Fifty years later, in her autobiography Meaning A Life (1978), Mary Oppen observed of these times: Poetry, activism,\n\nLintneria eremitus, the hermit sphinx, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Jacob H\u00fcbner in 1823. It is found in the temperate areas of the eastern United States, north into southern Canada over the Great Plains. It prefers gardens and yards, but is common wherever the nectar and larval host plants are found. This moth is easily confused with the Canadian sphinx (Sphinx canadensis) but these two moths do not typically co-occur. The wingspan is 65\u201375 mm. There is one generation per year with adults on wing from late June to August. They nectar at deep-throated, light-colored flowers such as phlox (Phlox species) or milkweed (Asclepias species). Adults typically fly at dusk. They are easily attracted to light. The larvae feed on many plants in the family Lamiaceae, such as Lycopus, Mentha, Monarda and Salvia species. Larvae have green, black, or brown coloration. References\n\nQuestion: What's Mary Oppen?", "output": "Mary Oppen, was an American activist, artist, photographer, poet and writer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Space Truckers is a 1996 science fiction comedy film directed by Stuart Gordon and starring Dennis Hopper, Stephen Dorff, Debi Mazar and Charles Dance. It was filmed at Ardmore Studios, County Wicklow, Ireland. The story concerns John Canyon, one of the last independent space transport entrepreneurs. Bad times have forced him to carry suspicious cargo to Earth without asking questions. During the flight, the cargo turns out to be a multitude of virtually unstoppable killer robots. Plot At a corporation's base on the Neptunian moon Triton, mercenaries are setting up a defense perimeter to try to hold off an unstoppable cyborg warrior. The company's CEO E.J. Saggs and chief scientist Dr. Nabel seal themselves inside the control room. The cyborg destroys the soldiers' tank and then attacks a helicopter, which crashes into the control room. The soldiers are killed one by one, until Nabel finally deactivates the cyborg with a\n\nGeorge David Odom (born October 9, 1942) is a retired American men's college basketball coach. He served as the head coach of the East Carolina Pirates, Wake Forest Demon Deacons and South Carolina Gamecocks. Playing career Odom began his career in sports at Goldsboro High School, in North Carolina, as the captain of his basketball and baseball teams. After graduating in 1961, he attended Guilford College where he played quarterback on the football team for three years, as well as playing basketball for all four years. As a senior in 1965, Odom was named the college's most outstanding athlete. He was also inducted into the Guilford College Athletics Hall of Fame in 1983. Pete Maravich remarked late in his life that he had patterned many of his signature moves off of Odom's game. Early career After graduation in 1965, Odom accepted a job as the coach of Goldsboro High School\n\nI'm Telling You for the Last Time is a 1998 stand-up comedy special and the second starring Jerry Seinfeld. The special aired live on HBO on August 9, 1998, from the Broadhurst Theatre in New York City. It was then released as an album on cassette and CD by the same title that same year. In 1999, a VHS and DVD titled Jerry Seinfeld: I'm Telling You for the Last Time - Live on Broadway was released. The recording was taped just a couple of months after the show Seinfeld went off the air. Entertainment Weekly said about the album: \"On its own, the CD is a more than respectable stand-up disc; Seinfeld's riffs ... are worthy of preservation.\" I'm Telling You for the Last Time was nominated for a 1999 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Comedy Album. After recording this special/album, Seinfeld vowed never to use old material again\n\nQuestion: What is I'm Telling You for the Last Time", "output": "I'm Telling You for the Last Time is a 1998 stand-up comedy special and the second starring Jerry Seinfeld."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Parable of the Two Sons is a parable told by Jesus in the New Testament, found in Matthew (). It contrasts the tax collectors and prostitutes who accepted the message taught by John the Baptist with the ostensibly religious people who did not. Summary A man with 2 sons asks them both to go work that day in his vineyard. The first son initially told his father that he would not do it, but afterwards; he repented & did the work. The second son had initially told his father that he would do it, but he did not go to do the work like he originally said he would. Narrative in Matthew's Gospel In the Gospel of Matthew, the parable is as follows: \u201cBut what think ye? A certain man had two sons. He came to the first & said, \u2018Son, go work today in my vineyard.\u2019 \u201c He\n\nMotor Racing Developments Ltd., commonly known as Brabham (), was a British racing car manufacturer and Formula One racing team. Founded in 1960 by Australian driver Jack Brabham and British-Australian designer Ron Tauranac, the team won four Drivers' and two Constructors' World Championships in its 30-year Formula One history. Jack Brabham's 1966 FIA Drivers' Championship remains the only such achievement using a car bearing the driver's own name. In the 1960s, Brabham was the world's largest manufacturer of open-wheel racing cars for sale to customer teams; by 1970 it had built more than 500 cars. During this period, teams using Brabham cars won championships in Formula Two and Formula Three. Brabham cars also competed in the Indianapolis 500 and in Formula 5000 racing. In the 1970s and 1980s, Brabham introduced such innovations as in-race refuelling, carbon brakes, and hydropneumatic suspension. Its unique Gordon Murray-designed 'fan car' won its only race\n\nRunar S\u00f8gaard (born 27 June 1967 in Kongsvinger, Hedmark, Norway) is a Norwegian leadership trainer, life-coach, motivational speaker and former preacher. He was earlier married to singer Carola H\u00e4ggkvist. In 2012 his business Vinger Consulting AB was threatened with bankruptcy following a lawsuit by On Strategies LLC. Activism In April 2005 he created some reaction during a speech in Stockholm, by saying that the Islamic prophet Muhammad had been a pedophile. This led to some condemnation and protests. During the same sermon he also made disparaging remarks about Jesus and Siddharta. S\u00f8gaard received threats from radical Islamists. Author and columnist Jan Guillou at the Aftonbladet news paper called for calm and wrote \"it would be of great harm for Sweden's Muslims if S\u00f8gaard was harmed\". Legal problems In November 2014, S\u00f8gaard was convicted for a third time of violating accounting laws, and sentenced by Nacka district court to two months\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Brabham is.", "output": "Motor Racing Developments Ltd., commonly known as Brabham, was a British racing car manufacturer and Formula One racing team."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Digital Radio in the Republic of Ireland is broadcast on a number of digital terrestrial, cable and internet platforms. Until the 31 March 2021, official broadcasts of the digital audio broadcasting standard were also available in the state by Raidi\u00f3 Teilif\u00eds \u00c9ireann (RT\u00c9) of their full banquet of radio services. DAB broadcasts since April 2021 are now restricted to unlicensed, low powered multiplexes in a small number of locations. Digital Terrestrial Television All of RTE's digital radio services and the private radio service, Radio Maria Ireland are available on Saorview. Generic DVB receivers generally need mains power, but are typically cheaper than DAB radios. Many portable DAB radio sets have 1/10th to 1/50th of the running time of an AM/FM set, typically giving only 6 hours use. There are also in-dash DVB Terrestrial receivers for cars, though it is illegal for the driver to watch the TV channels. One of\n\nTommy Tricker and the Stamp Traveller is a 1988 Canadian fantasy adventure film written and directed by Michael Rubbo. It is the seventh in the Tales for All series of children's movies created by Les Productions la F\u00eate. Plot A young boy, Ralph, and his sister discover a magical ability to travel the world, riding within postage stamps. Complicated by a series of rules, they are soon lost in such far-flung places as Australia and China. Ralph has a stutter, and the film is essentially a coming-of-age story wherein Ralph can speak fluently by the film's end. Cast Anthony Rogers as Tommy Lucas Evans as Ralph Jill Stanley as Nancy Andrew Whitehead as Albert Paul Popowich as Cass Ron Lea as Brin James Han Yun as Mai Ling Chen Yuen Tao as Chen Tow Catherine Wright as Cheryl Rufus Wainwright as Singer Ernie Dingo as Dave Tony Barry as Mad\n\nKREN-TV (channel 27) is a television station in Reno, Nevada, United States, affiliated with the Spanish-language Univision network. It is owned by Entravision Communications alongside low-power, Class A UniM\u00e1s affiliate KRNS-CD (channel 46). The two stations share studios on Wells Avenue in Reno; KREN-TV's transmitter is located on Slide Mountain between SR 431 and I-580/US 395/US 395 ALT in unincorporated Washoe County. History The station was founded on March 1, 1982, and first signed on in October 1986 as a Univision affiliate owned by the Sainte Broadcasting Group, a company that was partially related to the present-day Sainte Partners II, L.P. Pappas Telecasting acquired the station at the end of 1994 and converted it to an English-language general entertainment station, taking the WB affiliation when that network launched on January 11, 1995. When Paxson Communications launched Pax TV in 1998, KREN took on a secondary affiliation with that network. In\n\nQuestion: What is KREN-TV", "output": "KREN-TV is a television station in Reno, Nevada, United States, affiliated with the Spanish-language Univision network."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "William Thomas Napier Champ (15 April 1808 \u2013 25 August 1892) was a soldier and politician who served as the first Premier of Tasmania from 1856 to 1857. He was born in the United Kingdom. Early life Champ was born in Maldon, Essex, England the son of Captain Thomas Champ and his wife Mary Anne n\u00e9e Blackaller. Champ was educated at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He joined the army as an ensign when 18 years old and later became an adjutant. Army and police career Champ was serving with the 63rd Regiment of Foot as an ensign by 1826 and was posted with them to Sydney, New South Wales in October 1828. Some of the regiment was detached as a garrison force for the Macquarie Harbour Penal Station, Van Diemens Land (now Tasmania) in 1829, and Champ was amongst them. As a lieutenant with the 63rd, he took part\n\nLawrence Arthur Goldstone (1903\u20131998), better known by his pen name, Lawrence Treat, was an American mystery writer, a pioneer of the genre of novels that became known as police procedurals. Treat began his professional life as a lawyer, having attended Dartmouth College and Columbia Law School. When his law firm broke up in 1928, shortly after he had begun to work there, he traveled to Paris. A friend living in Brittany provided him with free room and board, and Goldstone decided to settle down and teach himself to write. His knowledge of law led him to try his hand at crime writing. He sold his very first novel and returned to the United States to write full-time. In a career that would span over seventy years, Treat wrote several hundred short stories for mystery magazines and other publications. He was a founding member of the Mystery Writers of America and\n\nMuratl\u0131 is a municipality and district of Tekirda\u011f Province, Turkey. Its area is 388 km2, and its population is 30,067 (2022). It is located at 24 km north of the town of Tekirda\u011f and on the railway line from Istanbul to the Bulgarian border. The district has hot summers and cold winters. The mayor is Nebi Tepe (CHP). Composition There are 20 neighbourhoods in Muratl\u0131 District: Arzulu A\u015fa\u011f\u0131sevindikli Ayd\u0131nk\u00f6y Balabanl\u0131 Ball\u0131hoca \u00c7evrimkaya Fatih Hano\u011flu \u0130nanl\u0131 \u0130stiklal-Kurtp\u0131nar Kepenekli K\u0131rkkepenekli Muradiye M\u00fcsellim Turan Yava\u015f\u00e7a Ye\u015fils\u0131rt Yukar\u0131sevindikli Yukar\u0131s\u0131rt Yurtbekler Places of interest The railway station - built in 1870; the Orient Express passed through here between Istanbul and Europe. \u0130nanl\u0131 \u00c7e\u015fmesi - a fountain built in 1914 The house that Atat\u00fcrk visited - in 1935 Atat\u00fcrk ordered the construction of a settlement for Turkish refugees from Bulgaria and Romania. On 3 June 1936 he made a visit of inspection to one of the\n\nQuestion: Who is Lawrence Treat", "output": "Lawrence Arthur Goldstone, better known by his pen name, Lawrence Treat, was an American mystery writer, a pioneer of the genre of novels that became known as police procedurals."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dirty Rhymes & Psychotronic Beats is an EP of the Austrian death metal band Pungent Stench. It was originally released on April 7, 1993 on Nuclear Blast. It contains a couple of new songs, two covers and two remixes of the \"Blood, Pus, and Gastric Juice\" song, taken off the debut album For God Your Soul... For Me Your Flesh. The EP featured a rather controversial cover which was banned in many countries. Hence, three versions of the cover had been created, each of various degrees of censorship. Australian CD version includes one bonus track (Daddy Cruel). The song \"Why Can't the Bodies Fly\" is a Warning cover song. Warning was from Germany and played EBM, originally it was a soundtrack on the popular German thriller TV series Tatort for the episode \"Peggy hat Angst\". The 2001 Re-release by Nuclear Blast contains the bonus track \"Madcatmachopsychoromantik\", a medley of Drahdiwaberl\n\nA glass-ceramic-to-metal seal is a type of mechanical seal which binds glass-ceramic and metal surfaces. They are related to glass-to-metal seals, and like them are hermetic (airtight). Properties Glass-ceramics are polycrystalline ceramic materials prepared by the controlled crystallization of suitable glasses, normally silicates. Depending on the starting glass composition and the heat-treatment schedule adopted, glass-ceramics can be prepared with tailored thermal expansion characteristics. This makes them ideal for sealing to a variety of different metals, ranging from low expansion tungsten (W) or molybdenum (Mo) to high expansion stainless steels and nickel-based superalloys. Glass-ceramic-to-metal seals offer superior properties over their glass equivalents including more refractory behaviour, in addition to their ability to seal successfully to many different metals and alloys. They have been used in electrical feed-through seals for such applications as vacuum interrupter envelopes and pyrotechnic actuators, in addition to many applications where a higher temperature capability than is possible\n\nSanta Fe College is a public college based in Gainesville, Florida, with satellite campuses in Alachua and Bradford counties. It is part of the Florida College System. It was established in 1965 as Santa Fe Junior College by the Florida Legislature and began offering classes in September 1966. As of Fall 2020, the school had an enrollment of 12,607 students, and offers associate and baccalaureate degree programs. History Santa Fe Community College was established by the Florida Legislature in 1965 in response to a request from the Alachua and Bradford County Boards of Public Instruction, which had canvassed the area and learned that the community would be well served if all citizens have the opportunity for an education. Although the original name of the school was Santa Fe Junior College, the name was changed to Santa Fe Community College in 1972. The name sometimes caused confusion with the similarly named\n\nQuestion: What's Glass-ceramic-to-metal seals?", "output": "A glass-ceramic-to-metal seal is a type of mechanical seal which binds glass-ceramic and metal surfaces."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The governor-general of the West Indies Federation was a post in the government of the West Indies. The federation, also known as the British Caribbean Federation, consisted of Antigua (with Barbuda), Barbados, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad and Tobago, and Turks & Caicos Islands. The federation was formed on 3 January 1958, and was formally dissolved on 31 May 1962. The governor-general was constitutionally required to take advice from the prime minister of the West Indies Federation, but was by far the more powerful and prestigious of the two positions, containing almost all executive authority within the government and containing powers far beyond that of governors-general in the Dominions. Governor-general of the West Indies Federation (1958\u20131962) References External links World Statesmen \u2013 West Indies Federation West Indies Federation West Indies Federation West Indies Federation, Governor-General Westminster system West Indies Federation Titles held\n\nGen Art is an arts and entertainment organization that showcases emerging fashion designers, filmmakers, musicians and visual artists. It has produced over 100 events annually, which included fashion shows, film premieres and screenings, live music and art receptions and tours. Gen Art's offices are located in New York City and Los Angeles and since 2014, the company has been headed up by Keri Ingvarsson and a small team of private investors. Previous offices have included San Francisco, Miami and Chicago. On February 21, 2011, Gen Art announced it would return with the 16th Annual Gen Art Film Festival in New York City. Gen Art has since then announced its \"Fresh Faces in Fashion Show\" during New York Fashion Week 2011, which will feature the designers Ann Yee, ace & jig, Sunghee Bang, Eighteenth, Jennifer Chun, William Okopo, Baron Wells, Collina Strada, Falconiere, Osborn, and Wool and the Gang. History Gen\n\nAlice Temple is an English musician, singer and songwriter, born in London. She is best known for her collaboration with Eg White under the name and Alice. She is also notable for having been the first female UK and European BMX champion. BMX In her teens, Temple was the first female UK and European BMX champion. Tim March, ex-European BMX Champion, has said of Temple \"She was the first Shanaze, she beat the boys easy\". Music Temple began her music career with Eg White, founding member of 80s boyband Brother Beyond, at the age of twenty. Their collaboration, and Alice, released only one album, 24 Years of Hunger (1991), but this was described by Allmusic as \"one of the finest, most refined and fully realized recordings of the era, employing a much more sophisticated and romantic style than anything else out of England at the time\". Allmusic also notes the\n\nQuestion: What's Alice Temple?", "output": "Alice Temple is an English musician, singer and songwriter, born in London."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Olivier Schoenfelder (born 30 November 1977) is a French retired ice dancer and coach. With partner Isabelle Delobel, he is the 2008 World champion, the 2007 European and the 2008 Grand Prix Final champion. Career Schoenfelder began skating after seeing Isabelle and Paul Duchesnay at an ice show and switched to ice dancing after only six months in singles. Delobel and Schoenfelder were paired together in 1990 by coach Lydie Bontemps on the suggestion of Irina Moiseeva and Andrei Minenkov. They won a silver medal at 1996 Junior Worlds before moving up to the senior ranks prior to the 1996\u201397 season. They won their first Grand Prix medal at the 1999 Skate Canada. Early in their career, they were coached by Muriel Boucher-Zazoui in Lyon, France. Tatiana Tarasova and Nikolai Morozov were their choreographers from 1998 to 2002 and their coaches from 2000 to 2002 in Newington, Connecticut. While practising\n\nThe Apache Railway is an Arizona short-line railroad that operates from a connection with the BNSF Railway at Holbrook to the Snowflake Mill near Snowflake, Arizona, . The APA was acquired by Catalyst Paper from Abitibi Consolidated in 2008. The Snowflake paper mill shut down permanently on September 30, 2012. In late 2015, the railway was purchased out of bankruptcy by a group including Aztec Land & Cattle Company and Midwest Poultry Producers, L.P., thereby avoiding a shutdown and scrappage of the line. The railway continues to operate, and its revenues are driven primarily by car repair and storage. The railway's freight revenues have not yet recovered from the shutdown of the Snowflake paper mill then owned by Catalyst, although efforts to enhance them continue. Traffic 16,000 cars per year (1996 figure) recycled fiber pulpwood wood chips coal paper chemicals grain History The Apache Railway was incorporated in 1917, when\n\nI Am a Camera is a 1951 Broadway play by John Van Druten adapted from Christopher Isherwood's 1939 novel Goodbye to Berlin, which is part of The Berlin Stories. The title is a quotation taken from the novel's first page: \"I am a camera with its shutter open, quite passive, recording, not thinking.\" The original production was staged by John Van Druten, with scenic and lighting design by Boris Aronson and costumes by Ellen Goldsborough. It opened at the Empire Theatre in New York City on November 28, 1951 and ran for 214 performances before closing on July 12, 1952. The production was a critically acclaimed success for both Julie Harris as the insouciant Sally Bowles, winning her the first of five Tony Awards of her career for Best Leading Actress in a play, and for Marian Winters, who won both the Theatre World Award and Tony Award for Featured\n\nQuestion: Who is Olivier Schoenfelder?", "output": "Olivier Schoenfelder is a French retired ice dancer and coach."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alfonso Leng Haygus (11 February 1884 \u2013 11 November 1974) was a post-romantic composer of classical music. He was born in Santiago, Chile. He wrote the first important symphonic work in Chilean tradition, \"La Muerte de Alcino\", a symphonic poem inspired by the novel of Pedro Prado. He composed many art songs in different languages and important piano pieces, like the five \"Doloras\" (1914), which he later orchestrated and are normally played in concerts in Chile and Latin America. He won the National Art Prize in 1957. Leng was also an accomplished dentist in Santiago. As a dentist, he was the main founder of the dentistry faculty of the University of Chile, and he was eventually elected as the first dean. Leng was the nephew of composer Carmela Mackenna. References 1884 births 1974 deaths Chilean classical composers Chilean male composers Chilean dentists Musicians from Santiago Academic staff of the University\n\nBeya\u011fa\u00e7 is a municipality and district of Denizli Province, Turkey. Its area is 333 km2, and its population is 6,197 (2022). Beya\u011fa\u00e7 district area neighbors those of three other districts of Denizli Province from the north-west to the south-east, namely Kale, Tavas and Ac\u0131payam and the central district and K\u00f6yce\u011fiz district of Mu\u011fla Province to its west. It is closer to the neighboring provincial seat of Mu\u011fla than its own. Among the districts of Denizli Province as a whole, Beya\u011fa\u00e7 is the one which is the closest to the Turkish Riviera coastline, along its Marmaris, K\u00f6yce\u011fiz and Fethiye axis. The district center first came into existence as a large village with the fusion in 1996 of two neighboring villages, Eskere and Sar\u0131yer, under the name Beya\u011fa\u00e7 (meaning 'Gentleman's tree'). Beya\u011fa\u00e7 was made into a municipality in 1972, and was under Kale as its district center and became a district center\n\nHomer Hailey (August 12, 1903 \u2013 November 9, 2000) was an American preacher in the churches of Christ in the 20th century, a professor at Abilene Christian University and Florida College, and the author of at least fifteen theological books. He was well known for his general biblical knowledge, especially the Old Testament. Hailey and the churches of Christ are the topics of the book The Churches of Christ in the 20th Century: Homer Hailey's Personal Journey of Faith by David Edwin Harrell, Jr. Most of Hailey's books are still in print. Audio recordings of his sermons and classes are available through TruthOnDisc.Net Homer Hailey was born outside Marshall in Harrison County in East Texas, the oldest child of Robert Thomas Hailey and the former Mamie Collins. His brothers and sisters were Rob, Ruth, Jack, Roy, and Mary Ida. On December 20, 1930, in Abilene, Texas, he married the former\n\nQuestion: Who is Alfonso Leng", "output": "Alfonso Leng Haygus was a post-romantic composer of classical music."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Sabanc\u0131 family is one of the wealthiest families in Turkey according to the Forbes billionaires list of 2016, with an estimated fortune ranging between $20\u201330 billion. The family's main business entity was founded by Hac\u0131 \u00d6mer Sabanc\u0131 in the 1930s. Hac\u0131 \u00d6mer Sabanc\u0131, the progenitor of the Sabanc\u0131 family, moved from his native Kayseri to Adana in the early 1920s. His business grew, in part, due to reduced business competition as a result of the Armenian genocide. Some second and third generation members of the family today control a group of companies under Sabanc\u0131 Holding. Most of the companies were established by the efforts of the second generation members of the family, Sak\u0131p Sabanc\u0131, Hac\u0131 Sabanc\u0131, \u015eevket Sabanc\u0131, Erol Sabanc\u0131, and \u00d6zdemir Sabanc\u0131 . After the death of Sak\u0131p Sabanc\u0131, also known as Sakip Aga, in 2004, the granddaughter of the founder, G\u00fcler Sabanc\u0131, was chosen to run Sabanc\u0131\n\nThe Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of Bangladesh and India. The ecoregion covers an area of , comprising most of Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar and Tripura, and extending into adjacent states of Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and a tiny part of Assam, as well as adjacent western Myanmar. Geography The Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests extends across the alluvial plain of the lower Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, which form the world's largest river delta. The ecoregion is currently one of the most densely populated regions on earth, and the forests have largely been replaced with intensive agriculture. The ecoregion is bounded on the east and northeast by montane tropical rain forests; the Mizoram\u2013Manipur\u2013Kachin rain forests covers the Chin Hills and Chittagong Hills to the east, extending into Myanmar and other states of Northeast India, while\n\nLink Access Procedure for Modems (LAPM) is part of the V.42 error correction protocol for modems. LAPM is an error control protocol defined in ITU-T recommendations V.42. Like many data link layer protocols, it is a variant of HDLC. Like the Microcom Networking Protocols that preceded it, LAPM uses cyclic redundancy checking (CRC) and retransmission of corrupted data (ARQ) to ensure data reliability. Error control protocols such as LAPM use frames of variable lengths, each beginning with a header and ending with a frame check sequence trailer (a cyclic redundancy check). Correctly received packets are acknowledged, and unacknowledged packets are automatically retransmitted (ARQ). The larger the payload included in each frame, the smaller the relative cost of transmitting the header and trailer bits. Usually LAPM adds only about 5 percent framing overhead. This is a noticeable improvement over the fixed 25% overhead of start and stop bits required by direct\n\nQuestion: What is Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests?", "output": "The Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of Bangladesh and India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Plague Column () or Immaculata is a Baroque plague column (Marian and Holy Trinity column) in Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia. The column is situated in a small park and commemorates the gratitude to Mary for an end to the plague epidemic from 1709 and 1710. It was erected at the place of medieval gallows at F\u0151 utca (Main Street, now called Hlavn\u00e1 ulica) in 1723. Local legend holds that the relics of Saint Valentine are hidden beneath the structure. It is a column on a stone basement with sculptures of Saint Joseph, Saint Sebastian and Saint Ladislaus. There is a sculpture of the Virgin Mary on the top of the column. The sculptures of Saint Gabriel, Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, Saint Margaret, Saint Michael the Archangel and Saint Barbara are on the pillars of the fence. The statue was damaged during World War II. It was restored by academic sculptor Vojtech\n\nDonald Starr (September 20, 1917 \u2013 July 11, 1995) was an American actor who became known for his recurring role as oil baron Jordan Lee in the CBS-TV primetime soap opera series Dallas. Life and career Starr was born and raised in Riverside, California; he studied acting in 1938\u201339 under scholarship at the Pasadena (Calif.) Community Playhouse. He served as an officer and a medical administrator with the U.S. Army from 1945\u201348 and earned an associate degree in 1950 at the University of Texas. The next year, he took a job as an assistant administrator at Scott and White Memorial Hospital in Temple, Texas. He came to Tucson in 1956 to accept a position as business manager of the Tucson Clinic, retiring from that job in 1977. During his time living in Tucson, he served as a volunteer in several capacities, including president and board member of the Tucson Association\n\nWeetabix is a breakfast cereal produced by Weetabix Limited in the United Kingdom. It comes in the form of palm-sized (approx. 9.5 cm \u00d7 5.0 cm or 4\" \u00d7 2\") wheat biscuits. Variants include organic and Weetabix Crispy Minis (bite-sized) versions. The UK cereal is manufactured in Burton Latimer, Northamptonshire, and exported to over 80 countries. Weetabix for Canada and the United States is manufactured in Cobourg, Ontario, in both organic and conventional versions. Weetabix is made from whole-grain wheat. UK Weetabix has 3.8 g of fibre in a 37.5 g serving (2 biscuits) (10.1% by weight). The product sold in Canada and the U.S. has 4 grams of fibre in a 35 g serving (11.4% by weight). History Produced in the UK since 1932, Weetabix is the British version of the original Australian Weet-Bix. Both Weet-Bix and Weetabix were invented by Bennison Osborne, an Australian. Weet-Bix was introduced in\n\nQuestion: What is Don Starr?", "output": "Donald Starr was an American actor who became known for his recurring role as oil baron Jordan Lee in the CBS-TV primetime soap opera series Dallas."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Brown University is a private Ivy League research university in Providence, Rhode Island. It is the seventh-oldest institution of higher education in the United States, founded in 1764 as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. One of nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution, it was the first college in the United States to codify in its charter that admission and instruction of students was to be equal regardless of their religious affiliation. The university is home to the oldest applied mathematics program in the United States, the oldest engineering program in the Ivy League, and the third-oldest medical program in New England. It was one of the early doctoral-granting U.S. institutions in the late 19th century, adding masters and doctoral studies in 1887. In 1969, it adopted its Open Curriculum after a period of student lobbying, which eliminated mandatory \"general education\" distribution\n\nJules Munshin (February 22, 1915 \u2013 February 19, 1970) was an American actor, comedian and singer who had made his name on Broadway when he starred in Call Me Mister. His additional Broadway credits include The Gay Life and Barefoot in the Park. On screen, he is best remembered for On the Town, in which he co-starred with Frank Sinatra and Gene Kelly as sailors on leave in New York City. Early life Munshin was born in New York City and began in show business shortly after graduating from high school. He worked in Catskill resorts, then vaudeville and was a singer for the George Olsen band. While serving in the U.S. Army during World War II, he played in Army shows such as The Army Play\u2010by\u2010Play and About Face, a touring show that featured Joe Louis. Career In 1946 he joined the Broadway show Call Me Mister which dealt\n\nLuis Negr\u00f3n L\u00f3pez (April 19, 1909 - September 18, 1991) was a politician from Puerto Rico. Negr\u00f3n was among the founding members of the Popular Democratic Party (PPD) and served as Senator and as candidate for Governor of Puerto Rico in the elections of 1968. Early life and education Negr\u00f3n L\u00f3pez was born Sabana Grande, Puerto Rico in 1909. He graduated from the University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras in 1932. Two years later he received his law degree and dedicated himself to private practice until 1948. Political career In 1940, he helped Luis Mu\u00f1oz Mar\u00edn and others in the creation of the Popular Democratic Party. In the elections of that year, Negr\u00f3n was elected Representative to the Puerto Rican Legislature. In the elections of 1944, Negr\u00f3n is then elected to Senate of Puerto Rico. He worked closely with then Senate President Mu\u00f1oz Mar\u00edn in the implementation of legislation\n\nQuestion: What's Jules Munshin?", "output": "Jules Munshin was an American actor, comedian and singer who had made his name on Broadway when he starred in Call Me Mister."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Pickering Public Library is the library system of Pickering, Ontario, Canada. The library was operational in separate branches since 1841, but officially launched as the Main Library in 1990 at the Central Branch. There are also the George Ashe (formerly Petticoat) and Claremont branches which remain part of the Pickering Public Library. History The Pickering Public Library officially opened its doors on May 22, 1990, which is the Central Branch, after two years of construction in response to the Town of Pickering's growing needs. Prior to opening, there were various library branches including Greenwood, Claremont, Whitevale, Bay Ridges, Rouge Hill, Brougham, which was the first branch opened in 1841, and the formerly named Liverpool Branch until the official opening of the Central Branch. The former three branches remain open to this day. The Petticoat Creek Library branch opened their doors on June 14, 2001 and was officially renamed to the\n\nThe Dreams of Sparrows is a documentary film about post-war Iraq, by Hayder Daffar of the Iraq Eye Group, an Iraqi filmmaking group. The film was shot throughout 2003 and 2004 with a hand-held camera, consisting of street level interviews with various Iraqi citizens and explores their feelings about the changes occurring around them. The film was produced by digitally sending footage to the United States via e-mail where it was assembled in rough sequences and posted on the internet. A DVD version of the film was released in 2005. Dreams of the Sparrows offers many differing viewpoints in its interviews. Some Iraqis place photos of U.S. President George W. Bush in shrines, while others oppose the presence of American forces. Some admit a longing for the days of Saddam Hussein's rule, while others, having survived torture under his regime, express happiness with his removal. The capture of Hussein occurred\n\nChad Steven Henne (; born July 2, 1985) is an American former football quarterback who played 15 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Michigan. While there, Henne became only the second freshman starting quarterback in Michigan history, accumulated a total of 32 wins in regular season play, 8,740 offensive yards, and 87 touchdowns, and in his senior season led the Wolverines to a Capital One Bowl victory over Florida. He was subsequently named as the game's MVP after throwing for over 350 yards. Henne's professional career began when he was drafted by the Miami Dolphins in the second round of the 2008 NFL Draft. Henne spent most of his rookie season on the bench as the back-up to veteran quarterback Chad Pennington. In his second season with the Dolphins, Henne started the majority of the 2009 season after Pennington was unable to play due\n\nQuestion: What is Pickering Public Library", "output": "Pickering Public Library is the library system of Pickering, Ontario, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Royal Society for Public Health (RSPH) is an independent, multi-disciplinary charity concerned with the improvement of the public's health. RSPH's Chief Executive is William Roberts, while its current president is Professor Lord Patel of Bradford; current vice presidents are Natasha Kaplinsky OBE, Professor Bola Owolabi and Michael Sheen OBE. It has a Royal Charter, and is governed by a Council of Trustees, all of whom are RSPH members. History The Sanitary Institute was established in 1876 following the landmark Public Health Act of 1875. In 1904, it was tagged Royal Sanitary Institute which name it held until 1955. The Sanitary Institute was created during a period of great change within the areas of public health provision and sanitary reform to which it contributed significantly. During its first fifty years, the (Royal) Sanitary Institute became the leading public health organization both in the United Kingdom and the rest of the world.\n\nMorrisound Recording (also Morrisound Studios) is an audio recording facility in Tampa, Florida, United States, owned and operated by brothers Jim and Tom Morris. Since its opening in 1981, Morrisound has been responsible for the popularization of death metal, but caters to other genres. Notable albums recorded at Morrisound include works by bands such as Steve Morse, Sepultura, Savatage, Morbid Angel, Death, Control Denied, Napalm Death, Obituary, Incubus, Cannibal Corpse, Demolition Hammer, Deicide, Iced Earth, Six Feet Under, End-Time Illusion, Trans-Siberian Orchestra, Atheist, Kamelot, Seven Mary Three and Demons and Wizards. Selected albums recorded Agent Steel - Unstoppable Force (1987) Atrocity - Hallucinations (1990) Atheist - Piece of Time (1990) Atheist - Unquestionable Presence (1991) Brooke Hogan - About Us ft. Paul Wall (2006) Cancer - Death Shall Rise (1991) Cannibal Corpse - Eaten Back to Life (1990) Cannibal Corpse - Butchered at Birth (1991) Cannibal Corpse - Tomb of\n\nVermes () is a former municipality in the district of Del\u00e9mont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. The municipalities of Montsevelier, Vermes and Vicques merged on 1 January 2013 into the new municipality of Val Terbi. History Very little is known about the early centuries of Vermes. The village is first mentioned in 769 by the name of Verteme, supposedly derived from the Gaulish word vertima, meaning mountain top. It is again mentioned in 866 as Vertima and in 1308 as Vermunt. The village of Vermes has its origins in the Saint Paul monastery, which was built in the 7th century by monks of the order of Saint Columban of Luxeuil. The abbot of Luxeuil Saint Waldebert has appointed Saint Germanus of Granfelden abbot of Moutier; at the same time he was assigned the smaller monasteries of Vermes and Saint-Ursanne. Saint Germanus governed the monasteries for 35 years, leading\n\nQuestion: Define Royal Society for Public Health.", "output": "Royal Society for Public Health is an independent, multi-disciplinary charity concerned with the improvement of the public's health."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The End Conscription Campaign was an anti-apartheid organisation allied to the United Democratic Front and composed of conscientious objectors and their supporters in South Africa. It was formed in 1983 to oppose the conscription of all white South African men into military service in the South African Defence Force. Apartheid government's policy on military conscription The apartheid government had a policy of compulsory conscription for young white men who were expected to perform military service at regular intervals, starting with an extended training which began in the year immediately following the one in which they left school or as soon as they turned 16, whichever came last. Many were granted deferment, for example to attend University and complete an undergraduate degree first, but very few young men were exempted from conscription for any reason other than being medically unfit or for a race classification error. Valid reasons included conscientious objection\n\nActing Crazy is a Canadian television game show. Hosted by Wayne Cox (who previously hosted Second Honeymoon and Talk About), announced by Terry Reid and produced by Blair Murdoch, the show was shot at the U.TV studios in Vancouver and originally aired on the Global Television Network in 1991. It was brought back in 1994, but it was later put into repeat syndication on its sister specialty channel, Prime Television (now known as DTour), both having shown every episode. GameTV aired 26 episodes of the show until it was removed from the channel's schedule in October 2012. Rules Each episode of Acting Crazy featured two teams of four, each having one contestant, one celebrity and two \"house players\" (recurring players hired by the show), playing several rounds. In each round, one member of each team was brought out onto the centre stage and given a charade to act out to\n\nKathina is a Buddhist festival which comes at the end of Vassa, the three-month rainy season retreat for Theravada Buddhists in Bangladesh (known as Ka\u1e6dhina C\u012bbar D\u0101n), Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, and Vietnam. The season during which a monastery may hold Kathina is one month long, beginning after the full moon of the eleventh month in the Lunar calendar (usually October). It is a time of giving, for the laity to express gratitude to bhikkhus (Buddhist monks). Lay Buddhists bring donations to temples, especially new robes for the monks. The gift of the Eight Requisites (Attha Parikara, or Atapirikara in Sri Lanka) is also part of the offerings. Origins Ka\u1e6dhina (or Ka\u1e6dina) is a Pali word referring to the wooden frame used to measure the length and width by which the robes of Buddhist monks are cut. As the legend goes, thirty bhikkhus were journeying\n\nQuestion: Define Acting Crazy.", "output": "Acting Crazy is a Canadian television game show."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Loch Goil; () is a small sea loch forming part of the coast of the Cowal peninsula in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. The sea loch is entirely within the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park. It is an arm of Loch Long. The village of Lochgoilhead stands at its head. Located in the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park, Lochgoilhead sits at the head of Loch Goil, a fjord type sea loch. Only an hour from the Erskine Bridge, Glasgow Airport the M8 and Glasgow. The village is accessed from the Rest & Be Thankful pass by way of a single-track road. The area is surrounded by hills and mountains, with loch views, and a range of accommodation, leisure activities and entertainment. Carrick Castle lies on the west shore 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Lochgoilhead. The landscape at Loch Goil shows its remoteness and Highland grandeur with\n\nMount Murray is a hill above sea level on the Isle of Man located at the northern end of Santon, near the boundaries with Marown and Braddan parishes. It is named after Lord Henry Murray, 4th Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man. Often referred to simply as The Mount and formerly as Cronk Glass (green hill), Mount Murray is home to the Chibbanagh Plantation and nine of the eighteen holes of the Mount Murray Golf Club. History The hill was originally known as Ais H\u00f3lt, meaning Holt's Hill, and giving rise to derivations of the name: Ash hole (1703), Ashold (1734) and Ashole (1739). Several families of the latter name lived in the Castletown area in the 16th century. It was a Norse surname and is still found in Kildare and Wicklow, Ireland. Mount Murray Estate In the early part of the 18th Century the hill and surrounding area\n\nKapoor or Kapur is a Punjabi surname of Khatri clan found in the Punjabi Hindu and Sikh communities. Notable people Notable people bearing the name Kapoor include: Academia Anuradha Kapur, professor at National School of Drama Deepak Kapur, Distinguished Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of New Mexico. Ilan Kapoor, professor of Critical Development Studies at York University. Jagdish Chandra Kapur, Indian social scientist, entrepreneur and the founder of Kapur Surya Foundation Kapil Kapoor, Indian scholar of linguistics and literature and an authority on Indian intellectual traditions in JNU. Mahendra Nath Kapur, served as Principal of Modern School, New Delhi, for thirty years. Ratna Kapur, law professor and former director of the Centre for Feminist Legal Research in New Delhi, India Shiv G. Kapoor, professor at the University of Illinois Sudarshan Kapoor, professor emeritus, California State University Sukhbir Singh Kapoor, Indian writer and educator. V.K. Kapoor,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Loch Goil is.", "output": "Loch Goil; is a small sea loch forming part of the coast of the Cowal peninsula in Argyll and Bute, Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nettersheim is a municipality in the district of Euskirchen in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Eifel hills, approx. 20 km south-west of Euskirchen. The rivers Erft and Urft have their source in the municipality. Location The district of the city Netterheim is built out of the constituent communities (Ortsteile): Zingsheim, also administrative headquarters Pesch Roderath Tondorf Bouderath Buir Engelgau Frohngau Holzm\u00fclheim Marmagen Nettersheim (accordingly) Education and culture Kindergarten (5 in city district) Family center Primary school (2 in city district) Secondary school (lower level, Hauptschule) House of literature, with included library Nature information centrum Eifel Archeological park with several information points Public education center Culture and Art center, located at the old railway station building Permanent exhibition, located at town hall (since 2007) Art installation, named \u201eMacht der Drei\u201c Agricultural museum Nettersheimer Hof Wood competence center Tourism In the city of Nettersheim there is\n\nThe heart of a Seedy Sunday or Seedy Saturday event is the swapping and sale of seeds of landraces, folk varieties, farmer varieties and heritage seed. Sharing information about the social, cultural and culinary aspects of the seed is an important part of heritage seed saving around the world. Providing education about techniques for seed-saving, small-scale agriculture and horticulture, and about local, national and international laws that affect public-domain crop plants can also be an important part of the event. The titles Seedy Saturday and Seedy Sunday are dedicated to the public domain by the event founder Sharon Rempel. The first Seedy Saturday was held at VanDusen Botanical Garden in Vancouver, Canada, in 1990. History The idea of conserving heritage varieties of garden and field crops was in its infancy in Canada in 1989. It was very difficult to find heritage varieties of vegetables, fruits, flowers and grains. In 1988\n\nThe 1584 siege of Kanie was one of many elements in Toyotomi Hideyoshi's campaign to consolidate his power over the lands held by the Oda clan in Owari province, Japan. This event actually consisted of two sieges. First Siege When Hideyoshi forces came to attack Kanie castle, it was held by Maeda Tanetoshi on behalf of the Oda. However, Hideyoshi had pardoned Tanetoshi's cousin, Takigawa Kazumasu, for his support of Shibata Katsuie at Battle of Shizugatake, and as a result Kazumasu was an ally of Hideyoshi. Kazumasu negotiate and convinced his cousin, Tanetoshi, to switch sides joining Hideyoshi and giving up the castle to him. Later, Kazumasu and Tanetoshi then attempted to attack Oda's, nearby Ono castle, but they were repulsed by Oda Nagamasu, when the Oda defenders threw torches into the attackers' boats. Second Siege Tanetoshi and Kazumasu withdraw and returning to Kanie castle. However, they came under siege\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Nettersheim is.", "output": "Nettersheim is a municipality in the district of Euskirchen in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Amblygonite () is a fluorophosphate mineral, , composed of lithium, sodium, aluminium, phosphate, fluoride and hydroxide. The mineral occurs in pegmatite deposits and is easily mistaken for albite and other feldspars. Its density, cleavage and flame test for lithium are diagnostic. Amblygonite forms a series with montebrasite, the low fluorine endmember. Geologic occurrence is in granite pegmatites, high-temperature tin veins, and greisens. Amblygonite occurs with spodumene, apatite, lepidolite, tourmaline, and other lithium-bearing minerals in pegmatite veins. It contains about 10% lithium, and has been utilized as a source of lithium. The chief commercial sources have historically been the deposits of California and France. History The mineral was first discovered in Saxony by August Breithaupt in 1817, and named by him from the Greek amblus, blunt, and gonia, angle, because of the obtuse angle between the cleavages. Later it was found at Montebras, Creuse, France, and at Hebron in Maine; and\n\nThe Malia altar stone is a stone slab bearing an inscription in Cretan hieroglyphs. It was found by a farmer near Malia, Crete. Chapouthier describes the find from an archeologist point of view. Olivier and Godard (1996) present several photographs of the Malia altar stone, which they list as item 328 in their inventory of Cretan hieroglyphs inscriptions. The stone has a cuplike cavity and is thought to be a Minoan altar stone. The side of the Malia altar stone contains an inscription with sixteen glyphs. The inscription is the only known instance of Cretan hieroglyphs on stone and is significant as one of the longest Cretan hieroglyphic inscriptions. Of the sixteen glyphs of the inscription, three occur twice each. Some of the glyphs show similarities with those of the Arkalochori Axe and the Phaistos Disc. Revesz gives a translation of the text and discusses earlier translation attempts. Literature J.-P.\n\nThe northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) is one of three spotted owl subspecies. A western North American bird in the family Strigidae, genus Strix, it is a medium-sized dark brown owl native to the Pacific Northwest. An important indicator species, the northern spotted owl remains threatened due to continued population decline from human-caused habitat destruction and competition with invasive species, its main competitor being the barred owl. Description Northern spotted owls have dark brown plumage with white spots and no ear tufts. They are typically around sixteen to nineteen inches in length and one to one and one sixth pounds. Females are about 10-20% larger than males. Their wingspan is approximately 42 inches. They are a mainly nocturnal species, and form long-term pair bonds. While most owls have yellow to red-orange colored eyes, northern spotted owls are one of the few owls with darkish to black-colored eyes. Vocalizations Thirteen\n\nQuestion: Define Amblygonite.", "output": "Amblygonite is a fluorophosphate mineral, , composed of lithium, sodium, aluminium, phosphate, fluoride and hydroxide."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "David John Profumo, FRSL (born 20 October 1955), is an English novelist. Profumo was born in London, the son of former British government minister John Profumo, and his wife, actress Valerie Hobson. The Profumo family is of Italian origin. Biography Profumo was educated at Eton College and Magdalen College, Oxford. He was Assistant Master of English at Eton in 1978 and at Shrewsbury School from 1978 to 1979. He then became part-time lecturer of English at King's College London, from 1981 to 1983 and Deputy Editor of Fiction Magazine from 1982 to 1984. He was a columnist for The Daily Telegraph from 1987 to 1995. Profumo was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1995. Profumo married BBC Television producer Helen Fraser, daughter of Alasdair Fraser, former Consultant Gynaecologist at St Mary's Hospital, on 22 March 1979 at St Marylebone Parish Church, Marylebone, London. They have a\n\nAnnette Pehnt (born 1967 in Cologne) is a German writer and literary critic. She lives in Freiburg in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. After graduating from school in 1986 Pehnt performed voluntary social work in Belfast. After a year living in Scotland, she studied English, Celtic studies and German language and literature at the University of Cologne, University of Galway, University of California, Berkeley and University of Freiburg. After her master's degree and the first national examination in 1994, graduation followed in 1997 at the University of Freiburg with a work on Irish literature. Since 1992 Pehnt, married and mother of three children, has lived as a literature critic and self-employed author in Freiburg and teaches at the University of Hildesheim, where she leads the Institut f\u00fcr Literarisches Schreiben & Literaturwissenschaft. Awards 2001 2002 Preis der Jury des Ingeborg-Bachmann-Wettbewerbs 2004 Gro\u00dfes Stipendium des Darmst\u00e4dter Literaturfonds 2008 Thadd\u00e4us-Troll-Preis 2009 Italo-Svevo-Preis 2012 Solothurner Literaturpreis 2012 Hermann-Hesse-Preis\n\nMarco Siffredi (22 May 1979 \u2013 8 September 2002) was a French snowboarder and mountaineer who hailed from a climbing family; his father was a mountain guide, and his older brother Pierre had died in an avalanche in their hometown of Chamonix, France. Siffredi was the first to descend Mount Everest on a snowboard, completing this feat in 2001 via the Norton Couloir. In 2002, he disappeared after making his second Everest summit, while attempting to snowboard the Hornbein Couloir; his body has never been found. First snowboard descent at Mont Blanc In his early years, Marco Siffredi made several first descents in the Chamonix valley before extending his horizons to bigger peaks. In June 1999, he made the second-ever descent of Mont Blanc on the Aiguille Verte, after Jean-Marc Boivin\u2019s ski descent in 1989. First Everest descent Siffredi reached the summit of Everest, an mountain on May 23, 2001,\n\nQuestion: Who is Annette Pehnt?", "output": "Annette Pehnt is a German writer and literary critic."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A bull's eye level is a type of spirit level that allows for the leveling of planes in two dimensions \u2014 both the 'pitch' and 'roll' in nautical terms. Standard tubular levels only consider one dimension. Bull's eye levels are used primarily by carpenters in construction, but can also be found as features of compasses or other devices that need to be kept from tipping in certain directions (whether it be for functionality or precision of measurements). Small bull's eye levels are also found incorporated into tripods. Another name for a bull's eye level is a \"circular bubble\" which is the name used by surveyors in the United Kingdom. Surveying instruments such as theodolites (transits) and total stations often have a circular bubble as well as a tubular level or \"plate level\". The circular bubble is used to roughly level the instrument in two dimensions. The plate level is then\n\nCa\u00f1ada College is a public community college in Redwood City, California. It is located on in the western part of Redwood City. It is one of the smallest community colleges in the San Francisco Bay Area. History In 1957, the San Mateo Junior College District Board of Trustees developed a 25-year district master plan based on the recommendations of a citizens' advisory committee, and the same year submitted a $5.9 million bond issue to voters that was approved by a three-to-one margin. The bond issue victory cleared the way for prompt acquisition of the present College of San Mateo campus and also provided funds for purchase of a site west of Skyline Boulevard and south of Sharp Park Road in San Bruno. A third site of west of the Farm Hill subdivision on the Redwood City-Woodside line, was purchased in 1962. The current College of San Mateo campus was opened\n\nBhokal is a superhero appearing in Raj Comics. Most stories are based on dark fantasy with blood and gore. Bhokal was created by Manoj Gupta and Sanjay Gupta. Story Plot He is a legendary winged warrior prince of a fictional fabled Parilok (fairyland). He descended to earth to take part in a fighting tournament and landed in Vikasnagar, becoming a zealous defender of the people of Vikasnagar. Origin Real name Rajkumar Alop (Prince Alop), Bhokal appeared first in a seven comic series along with his friends Tureen (with whom he falls in love), Shootan and Atikrur. He killed his rival Fuchang who was responsible for death of his parents. Presently Bhokal's parental origins are being explored in the latest issues starting from 'Dhikkar' where Bhokal loses his powers as a result of a conspiracy planned by his master and mentor Mahaguru Bhokal. In issues 'Dhikkar' and 'Antardwand' Bhokal battles to\n\nQuestion: What's Bull's eye level?", "output": "A bull's eye level is a type of spirit level that allows for the leveling of planes in two dimensions\u00a0\u2014 both the 'pitch' and 'roll' in nautical terms."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Iain Cumming Gray (born 7 June 1957) is a Scottish politician who served as Leader of the Scottish Labour Party from 2008 to 2011. He was the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the East Lothian constituency from 2007 to 2021, having previously represented Edinburgh Pentlands from 1999 to 2003. A former aid worker and teacher of mathematics and physics, Gray was first elected to the Scottish Parliament in 1999 as MSP for the Edinburgh Pentlands constituency, which he lost to Leader of the Scottish Conservative Party David McLetchie in 2003. Gray was returned to Holyrood in 2007 as MSP for East Lothian. Following Wendy Alexander's resignation as Leader of the Scottish Labour Party in 2008, Gray stood at the subsequent leadership election, and was elected with a 57.8% share of the vote in the second round. Initially, Gray oversaw some electoral successes for Scottish Labour, such as repelling\n\nAbd ar-Rahman II () (792\u2013852) was the fourth Umayyad Emir of C\u00f3rdoba in al-Andalus from 822 until his death. A vigorous and effective frontier warrior, he was also well known as a patron of the arts. Abd ar-Rahman was born in Toledo, the son of Emir al-Hakam I. In his youth he took part in the so-called \"massacre of the ditch\", when 72 nobles and hundreds of their attendants were massacred at a banquet by order of al-Hakam. He succeeded his father as Emir of C\u00f3rdoba in 822 and for 20 years engaged in nearly continuous warfare against Alfonso II of Asturias, whose southward advance he halted. In 825, he had a new city, Murcia, built, and proceeded to settle it with Arab loyalists to ensure stability. In 835, he confronted rebellious citizens of M\u00e9rida by having a large internal fortress built. In 837, he suppressed a revolt of Christians\n\nAndrew Dugald Daddo (born 18 February 1967) is an Australian actor, author and television and radio personality. Early life Daddo was born in Melbourne on 18 February 1967. He began his education at Mt Eliza Primary School and in year seven moved to Peninsula Grammar. After a short stint at the grammar school, the Daddo family moved away and continued his education at Millburn Junior High in New Jersey, USA. Returning to Australia, Daddo spent the last two and a half years of his schooling at Melbourne Grammar School. Daddo holds an Arts degree from Monash University. Career Andrew Daddo was a co-host of The Factory with Alex Papps, broadcast on ABC TV on Saturday mornings, from 1987 to 1989. He also hosted Countdown Revolution in 1989. From 1989 to 1991, Daddo was a VJ on the American MTV network. Daddo played characters in the children's series Round the Twist\n\nQuestion: Who is Iain Gray?", "output": "Iain Cumming Gray is a Scottish politician who served as Leader of the Scottish Labour Party from 2008 to 2011."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Asian Academy for Sports and Fitness Professionals (AASFP) is a fitness instructors certification body founded in Hong Kong in 1992. The academy provides professional education and training programs in Asia. Certification Programs AASFP runs a variety of fitness programs which include instructor certification courses in personal fitness training, aerobic & group fitness, yoga, pilates, fit-ball, children's fitness, aquatic fitness, distance running and Muay Thai. AASFP also conducts a number of professional certification courses in such fields as sports massage, sports injury management and nutrition and weight management. Since its establishment, AASFP has conducted programs in China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and Taiwan. Research of Hong Kong Fitness Guide 2018 (www.fitnessguide.hk) stated that, 60% of certified personal trainers are certified by AASFP in Hong Kong. Development in China In 2001, AASFP became the first fitness academy to enter China, introducing the concept of \u201cFitness\u201d to a relatively new but\n\nThe Khuman Lampak Main Stadium is a multi-use stadium located in Imphal, in the Indian state of Manipur. It is used mostly for football and athletics, and hosts majority matches of Manipur State League. The stadium holds 35,285 people and was built in 1999. This stadium lies inside the Khuman Lampak Sports Complex. The stadium's record attendance was set in a football match between NEROCA FC and Indian Arrows (2\u20131; 2017\u201318 I-League season), with 35,285 people in attendance, on 5th January, 2018. In March 2023, the stadium for the first time, hosted international matches, as India alongside Kyrgyz Republic and Myanmar appeared in games of Hero Tri-Nation Series. Stadium The stadium is a one tier stadium with roofing only on the main stand. History Upgrade On 25 May 2011, it was announced that the stadium would get floodlights added along with a new turf. Football matches The Khuman Lampak Main\n\nJohannes (Hannes) Evelinus Sk\u00f6ld (20 September 1886 \u2013 14 September 1930) was a Swedish socialist and anti-militarist. Sk\u00f6ld was also a linguist, a writer and a poet. He also wrote songs. Johannes Sk\u00f6ld was born in Heby. Large parts of his childhood was spent in China, as his father was a missionary there. His family returned to Sweden in 1897 and settled in the city of Norrk\u00f6ping, where he became friends with Ture Nerman. After Gymnasia high school he moved to Gothenburg to study at the University. In Gothenburg, Hannes Sk\u00f6ld got to know Zeth H\u00f6glund and became active with him in the left wing of the workers\u2019 movement. As a young bohemian, Hannes Sk\u00f6ld traveled around Europe and lived in Paris and Copenhagen while working as a correspondent for different Swedish newspapers. He published his first book of poetry in 1911. The same year, he was jailed in L\u00e5ngholmen\n\nQuestion: Who is Hannes Sk\u00f6ld", "output": "Johannes Evelinus Sk\u00f6ld was a Swedish socialist and anti-militarist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kudargarh is a famous Hindu pilgrim centre situated in Surajpur District of the state of Chhattisgarh in India. It is 44 km from district headquarters of Surajpur connected by an all-weather road. The best time to visit is during Chaitra Navaratra (in the month of April). It is located on a hillock with approximately 800 steps. A very panoramic view from top on addition to the DARSHAN of deity. Temple The Maa Bagheshwari Devi Temple is dedicated to Goddess Kudargarhi who is perched on top of a hill and is the major attraction in Kudargarh. The history of the temple is obscure. According to Dalton, the temple was built by Suryavanshi Khairwar Baland Rajput Kings. Balands were the original rulers of Korea state in the 17th century. Also Devotees throng this temple to appease the goddess for the fulfillment of their desires. On fulfillment of their wish, the Goddess is\n\nGordon Taylor Snyder, (December 17, 1924 \u2013 December 10, 2005) was the Minister of Labour of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan from 1971 to 1982, and a member of the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party (NDP). Early years His formative years, spanning the Great Depression, were divided between his family farm and Moose Jaw where his father worked as a railroad engineer and a respected union leader. Family discussions surrounded Christian responsibility to Snyder and the works of prominent European social thinkers. Snyder was appalled at the injustice of an economic system, which left to its own devices, threw so many into despair and poverty, then quickly flourished when socially unproductive items like tanks, guns and bombs were built. This view that society should serve all its citizens, not just the wealthy and powerful, led Snyder and his parents to become some of the earliest members of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation\n\nThe Bonan language (pronounced , Baonang; Chinese: \u4fdd\u5b89\u8bed, B\u01ceo'\u0101ny\u01d4; Amdo Tibetan: Dork\u00e9) is the Mongolic language of the Bonan people of China. As of 1985, it was spoken by about 8,000 people, including about 75% of the total Bonan ethnic population and many ethnic Monguor, in Gansu and Qinghai Provinces. There are several dialects, which are influenced to varying degrees \u2014 but always heavily \u2014 by Chinese and Tibetan, while bilingualism in Wutun is less common. The most commonly studied is the Tongren dialect. There is no writing system in use. The language is also referred to as \"Manegacha\", natively. Phonology Bonan phonology has been heavily influenced by Tibetan. Consonants possess a voicedness contrast. Initial consonant clusters of mostly falling sonority are present in native words, as are heavy diphthongs, though the content of both is heavily restricted. The possible word-initial consonant clusters in Bonan are . \u00d1antoq Baoan has\n\nQuestion: What is Bonan language?", "output": "The Bonan language is the Mongolic language of the Bonan people of China."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Harlem River Lift Bridge (also known as the Park Avenue Bridge) is a vertical lift bridge carrying the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line, Harlem Line, and New Haven Line across the Harlem River between the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx in New York City. The average weekday ridership on the lines is 265,000. History First bridge The first bridge on this site was constructed by the New York and Harlem Railroad in 1841. It was composed of four -long box truss spans, three of which were fixed iron spans, while the remaining span was a wooden swing span. In the closed position, the bridge had a clearance of only seven feet above mean high water. Masonry piers supported the four box-truss spans. In 1867, the wooden drawbridge was replaced with an iron one that gave a clearance of 50 feet. By the 1880s, the bridge was crossed by more\n\nSalatiwara was a Middle Bronze Age city in south-central Anatolia on a road connecting the kingdoms and Burushattum. The history of the city is known primarily from the Anitta text. In the 18th century BC, Salatiwara was besieged by Anitta, King of Kussara. Anitta defeated troops who were sent out from the city to confront him. The soldiers were taken to Nesa as prisoners. When the city revolted and marshaled its forces along the Hulana River, Anitta circled around and captured the city from behind, setting fire to the city in the process. A large amount of silver and gold, as well as 40 teams of horses and 1400 infantry were removed from the city, either by the king of Salatiwara as he escaped, or by Anitta as booty. References External links Image and transliteration of the Anitta text Hittite cities Former populated places in Turkey Lost ancient cities and\n\nSofia Zoo in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, was founded by royal decree on 1 May 1888, and is the oldest and largest zoological garden in Southeast Europe. It covers and, in March 2006, housed 4,850 animals representing 840 species. History Initially, the zoo was located in the park of the former royal palace, with the primary attraction being a Eurasian black vulture caught in Bulgaria and exhibited in a cage in the garden. Later, pheasants and deer were added to the collection, but since the exhibits and facilities of the time proved inadequate to accommodate a pair of brown bears, Tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria ordered a grant of land to be awarded to Sofia Zoo on the grounds of the former botanical garden, then in the outskirts of the city. Sofia Zoo's exhibition of animals constantly increased, with both local and foreign species being added, most notably a pair\n\nQuestion: What is Harlem River Lift Bridge", "output": "The Harlem River Lift Bridge is a vertical lift bridge carrying the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line, Harlem Line, and New Haven Line across the Harlem River between the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx in New York City."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Great-circle navigation or orthodromic navigation (related to orthodromic course; ) is the practice of navigating a vessel (a ship or aircraft) along a great circle. Such routes yield the shortest distance between two points on the globe. Course The great circle path may be found using spherical trigonometry; this is the spherical version of the inverse geodetic problem. If a navigator begins at P1 = (\u03c61,\u03bb1) and plans to travel the great circle to a point at point P2 = (\u03c62,\u03bb2) (see Fig. 1, \u03c6 is the latitude, positive northward, and \u03bb is the longitude, positive eastward), the initial and final courses \u03b11 and \u03b12 are given by formulas for solving a spherical triangle where \u03bb12 = \u03bb2 \u2212 \u03bb1 and the quadrants of \u03b11,\u03b12 are determined by the signs of the numerator and denominator in the tangent formulas (e.g., using the atan2 function). The central angle between the two\n\nThe East Coast Eagles is an Australian rules football club competing in the Sydney AFL competition based out of the Sydney suburb of Rouse Hill, New South Wales. Previously known as the Baulkham Hills Falcons (1976\u20131999) and Sydney Hills Eagles (2012\u20132014) and wearing maroon and gold, the team wears the West Coast Eagles uniforms of blue and Gold. History The history of the Sydney Hills Eagles can be traced back to the formation of the Baulkham hills junior Australian football club in 1976. Since 1976 Baulkham Hills has fielded teams in all age groups in the major junior competition in suburban Sydney. Baulkham Hills are the most successful junior club in Sydney, having enough players to field two teams in every age group in most seasons and more often than not winning the premiership. In the mid-to-late 1980s it was not uncommon for two Baulkham Hills teams (then known as\n\nThe Coral Sea Islands Territory is an external territory of Australia which comprises a group of small and mostly uninhabited tropical islands and reefs in the Coral Sea, north-east of Queensland, Australia. The only inhabited island is Willis Island. The territory covers , most of which is ocean, extending east and south from the outer edge of the Great Barrier Reef and includes Heralds Beacon Island, Osprey Reef, the Willis Group and fifteen other reef/island groups. Cato Island is the highest point in the Territory. History and status The Coral Sea Islands were first charted in 1803. In the 1870s and 1880s the islands were mined for guano but the absence of a reliable supply of fresh water prevented long-term habitation. The Coral Sea Islands became an Australian external territory in 1969 by the Coral Sea Islands Act (prior to that, the area was considered a part of Queensland) and\n\nQuestion: Define East Coast Eagles.", "output": "The East Coast Eagles is an Australian rules football club competing in the Sydney AFL competition based out of the Sydney suburb of Rouse Hill, New South Wales."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sir Thomas Vansittart Bowater, 1st Baronet, (29 October 1862 \u2013 28 March 1938) was a British Conservative Party politician who served as Lord Mayor of London from 1913 to 1914 and as one of the city's Members of Parliament (MPs) from 1924 to 1938. Career Bowater was the son of William Vansittart Bowater and his wife, Eliza Jane n\u00e9e Davey. On 8 June 1887, he married Emily Margaret Spencer and they later had six children. From 1905 to 1906, he was a Sheriff of the City of London. In 1906, he was knighted by King Edward VII. Bowater was subsequently elected as Lord Mayor of London in 1913 and on finishing this post a year later, he was created Baronet Bowater, of Hill Crest in the Borough of Croydon. His wife died in 1924 and a year later he married Alice Mary Hoskins. Bowater was later one of two MPs\n\nWellington Barracks () was a military barracks located to the east of Garden Road in Admiralty, Hong Kong. One of many military complexes constructed by the British Army in the area, the land was returned to the Hong Kong government in the 1970s and gradually reverted to civilian use. As a result, the barracks was closed at the end of that decade, demolished in the mid-1980s and replaced with Harcourt Garden. History Original hospital (1841) During the First Opium War, the British occupied Hong Kong in 1841 and one year later, Hong Kong Island was ceded to them in the Treaty of Nanking. The new administration chose the site between the bottom of Government Hill and Wan Chai as land for military use. The British Army erected the Naval and Military Hospital in a matshed in January (or April) 1841. However, it was obliterated just six months later when a\n\nEl Qantara () is a northeastern Egyptian city on both sides of the Suez Canal, in the Egyptian governorate of Ismailia, northeast of Cairo and south of Port Said. The two parts of the city are connected by a high-level fixed road bridge, the Mubarak Peace Bridge. The bridge makes a connection between the division of Africa, and Asia, making El Qantara a Border town. History El Qantara was built next to a site of an ancient city Sele (, , Tcharou). During World War I, Kantara, as it was referred to by the Allied troops, was the site of Headquarters No. 3 Section, Canal Defences and Headquarters Eastern Force during the latter stages of the Defence of the Suez Canal Campaign and the Sinai Campaign of 1916. The massive distribution warehouse and hospital centre supported and supplied all British, Australian and New Zealand operations in the Sinai from 1916\n\nQuestion: What is Wellington Barracks, Hong Kong?", "output": "Wellington Barracks was a military barracks located to the east of Garden Road in Admiralty, Hong Kong."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "KRLD-FM (, \"105.3 The Fan\") is a commercial radio station licensed to Dallas, Texas, and serving the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. KRLD-FM is owned by Audacy, Inc., and airs a sports radio format. The station's studios and offices are located along North Central Expressway in Uptown Dallas, and the transmitter site is in Cedar Hill. The station airs local sports talk shows most of the day and evening, and carries nationally syndicated programming from CBS Sports Radio during the late night and overnight hours. KRLD-FM is the flagship station of the Dallas Cowboys Radio Network and the Texas Rangers Radio Network. Some early hours on weekends are paid brokered programming. In the sports radio format, KRLD-FM's chief rival is Sportsradio 1310/96.7 The Ticket. However, it also shares audience with KEGL 97.1 The Freak, a hot talk and sports betting-formatted station. KRLD-FM broadcasts in HD Radio. It carries the all-news/talk format of\n\nChess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess pieces, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king. It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to distinguish it from related games such as (Chinese chess) and (Japanese chess). The recorded history of chess goes back at least to the emergence of a similar game, chaturanga, in seventh century India. The rules of chess as they are known today emerged in Europe at the end of the 15th century, with standardization and universal acceptance by the end of the 19th century. Today, chess is one of the world's most popular games played by millions of people worldwide. Chess is an abstract strategy game that involves no hidden information and no elements of chance. It is played on a chessboard with 64 squares arranged in an 8\u00d78 grid. At the start,\n\nCurlON (formerly the Ontario Curling Association) is the governing body of curling in Southern Ontario. Northern Ontario is governed by the Northern Ontario Curling Association (NOCA). The CurlON sends a team to represent Team Ontario at all major Canadian Championships. The NOCA sends a separate team to all of these events. CurlON was founded in 1875. It was renamed from the Ontario Curling Association in 2016. Championships Ontario Tankard The Ontario Tankard is the provincial championship for men's curling. The winner represents Team Ontario at the Tim Hortons Brier. Previous names: Ontario Silver Tankard: 1927-1931 1932: Round robin playoff between the winners of the Ontario Tankard, Canada Life Trophy and the Toronto Bonspiel. 1933: Winner was decided between a playoff between the winners of the Ontario Tankard and the Toronto Bonspiel. Ontario Tankard: 1934-1937 British Consols: 1938-1979 Labatt Tankard: 1980-1985 Blue Light Tankard: 1986-1995 Nokia Cup: 1996-2003 Ontario Men's Curling\n\nQuestion: Tell me what CurlON is.", "output": "CurlON is the governing body of curling in Southern Ontario."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Valentin Ivanovich Varennikov () (December 15, 1923 \u2013 May 6, 2009) was a Soviet/Russian Army general and politician, best known for being one of the planners and leaders of the Soviet\u2013Afghan War, as well as one of the instigators of the 1991 Soviet coup d'\u00e9tat attempt. Early life Valentin Varennikov was born to a poor Cossack family in Krasnodar. His father, who fought in the Russian Civil War, graduated from the Moscow industrial institute and was a manager. His mother died in 1930 when he was seven. In 1938, Varennikov lived in Armavir, where he graduated from high school in 1941. Military career World War II In August 1941, Varennikov was drafted by the Armavir city military registration and enlistment office into the ranks of the Red Army. He attended the Cherkassk Infantry School, which was then evacuated to Sverdlovsk following the start of Operation Barbarossa. From October, the first\n\nWonderCon is an annual comic book, science fiction, and film convention held in the San Francisco Bay Area (1987\u20132011), then\u2014under the name WonderCon Anaheim\u2014in Anaheim, California (2012\u20132015, 2017\u2013present), and WonderCon Los Angeles in 2016. The convention returned to the Anaheim Convention Center in 2017 after a one-year stint in Los Angeles due to construction at the Anaheim Convention Center. The convention was conceived by retailer John Barrett (a founder of the retail chain Comics and Comix) and originally held in the Oakland Convention Center. In 2003, it moved to San Francisco's Moscone Center. The show's original name was the Wonderful World of Comics Convention. History Retailer Joe Field (of Flying Colors Comics and Other Cool Stuff) and his partner Mike Friedrich owned and operated the convention for fifteen years. In 2001, they brokered a deal with the management team that runs the San Diego Comic-Con International to make it part\n\nAsnuntuck Community College (ACC) is a public community college in Enfield, Connecticut. It offers associate degree and certificate programs as well as healthcare certificate programs and business and industry programming. History Asnuntuck Community College was established in 1972 as the twelfth institution in the Connecticut State Colleges and Universities system (CSCU). Classes began in 1972 with an initial enrollment of 251, and 12 Associate in Science degrees and 20 Associate of Art degrees were awarded to the first graduating class in 1974. The college operated under provisional approval until it was first accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges in 1977. Asnuntuck was subsequently reaccredited after comprehensive reviews in 1980 and 1985; an interim report was submitted to the New England Association in 1990, and accreditation was reaffirmed through 1995. This was followed by a 1995 comprehensive visit and a 2000 interim report that accredited the college\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Valentin Varennikov is.", "output": "Valentin Ivanovich Varennikov was a Soviet/Russian Army general and politician, best known for being one of the planners and leaders of the Soviet\u2013Afghan War, as well as one of the instigators of the 1991 Soviet coup d'\u00e9tat attempt."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "W\u00edlmer Cabrera Linares (born September 15, 1967) is a Colombian former football defender and current head coach of Rio Grande Valley FC Toros in the USL Championship. He previously coached for Chivas USA and Houston Dynamo, as well as the United States men's national under-17 soccer team. During his playing career, Cabrera played as a right back for clubs in the Colombian league and the Colombia national team, representing the country at the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Career Cabrera, born in Cartagena, Colombia, and raised in Bogot\u00e1, made his professional debut at the age of 17 for Santa Fe. His 18-year playing career included stints at Am\u00e9rica de Cali (reaching the 1996 Copa Libertadores Final), Millonarios, Chic\u00f3, Independiente of Argentina, Herediano of Costa Rica and the Long Island Rough Riders of the United States. International career Cabrera was capped 48 times and scored 3 international goals for Colombia between 1989\n\nHallsville Independent School District is a public school district based in Hallsville, Texas (USA). In addition to Hallsville, the district serves a small portion of Longview as well as rural areas in western Harrison County. In 2009, the school district was rated \"academically acceptable\" by the Texas Education Agency. In 2010, the entire school district was rated \"Exemplary\" by the Texas Education Agency. HISD is a \"district of innovation\" or DOI. A DOI is \"traditional independent school districts most of the flexibilities available to Texas' open-enrollment charter schools. To access these flexibilities, a school district must adopt an innovation plan, as set forth in Texas Education Code chapter 12A.\" Schools Hallsville High School (Grades 9-12) Hallsville Junior High School (Grades 6-8) Hallsville Intermediate School (Grades 4-5) Hallsville East Elementary School (Grades PK-3) Hallsville North Elementary School (Grades ECD/PK-3) In Fall 2022, Hallsville West Elementary will open, however, not at the\n\nDan Leibovitz (born July 30, 1973) is a former American basketball coach. He was an assistant coach for the Charlotte Bobcats of the NBA for the 2012-13 season, and previously a college head coach at Hartford from 2006\u201310, and an assistant coach at Temple (1996-2006) and Penn (2010-2012). Leibovitz worked as the Associate Commissioner for men\u2019s basketball for the Southeastern Conference (2016-2023). He is currently the Senior Associate Commissioner for Men's Basketball for the Big East. Coaching career Temple Leibovitz served as an assistant under Hall of Fame coach John Chaney for 10 seasons. On March 14, 2006, Leibovitz served as acting head coach for Temple's NIT playoff game, which they lost in overtime to Akron after star player Mardy Collins, a projected NBA first-round pick, was seriously injured. In 2005, Leibovitz was also acting coach during the final three regular season contests and the Owls' two Atlantic 10 Tournament\n\nQuestion: Who is Dan Leibovitz?", "output": "Dan Leibovitz is a former American basketball coach."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Actias selene, the Indian moon moth or Indian luna moth, is a species of saturniid moth from Asia. It was first described by Jacob H\u00fcbner in 1807. This species is popular among amateur entomologists and is often reared from eggs or cocoons that are available from commercial sources. They fly mainly at night. Distribution This moth is quite widespread, found from India to Japan and then south into Nepal, Sri Lanka, Borneo, and other islands in eastern Asia. Many subspecies live in Pakistan, Afghanistan, the Philippines, Russia, China, Java, Sri Lanka, Sumatra and Borneo. Subspecies Actias selene selene (H\u00fcbner, 1807) Actias selene brevijuxta (N\u00e4ssig & Treadaway, 1997) Actias selene eberti Rougeot, 1969 (Afghanistan) Actias selene taprobanis U. Paukstadt & L.H. Paukstadt, 1999 (Sri Lanka) Hybrid Graellsia isabellae \u00d7 Actias selene is a hybrid of the Spanish moon moth (Graellsia isabellae) and the Indian moon moth. Adult Male: Head, thorax, and\n\nMoo, You Bloody Choir is the third studio album by the Australian indie rock band Augie March. It was released in 2006 in Australia by BMG. It entered the ARIA album charts at #10 and was nominated for Album of the Year at the ARIA Music Awards of 2006, losing to Tea & Sympathy by Bernard Fanning. The album was re-released 19 May 2007 with a bonus CD of live and unreleased tracks. The 2006 version of \"There Is No Such Place\" features an orchestra. The title comes directly from the lyrics of \"The Honey Month\". Reception At the ARIA Music Awards of 2006, the album was nominated for five awards. It also won the Australian Music Prize in 2006. At the J Award of 2006, the album was nominated for Australian Album of the Year. In October 2010, Moo, You Bloody Choir was listed in the top 50 in\n\nLaser scanning is the controlled deflection of laser beams, visible or invisible. Scanned laser beams are used in some 3-D printers, in rapid prototyping, in machines for material processing, in laser engraving machines, in ophthalmological laser systems for the treatment of presbyopia, in confocal microscopy, in laser printers, in laser shows, in Laser TV, and in barcode scanners. Applications specific to mapping and 3D object reconstruction are known as 3D laser scanner. Technology Scanning mirrors Most laser scanners use moveable mirrors to steer the laser beam. The steering of the beam can be one-dimensional, as inside a laser printer, or two-dimensional, as in a laser show system. Additionally, the mirrors can lead to a periodic motion - like the rotating polygon mirror in a barcode scanner or so-called resonant galvanometer scanners - or to a freely addressable motion, as in servo-controlled galvanometer scanners. One also uses the terms raster scanning\n\nQuestion: Define Actias selene.", "output": "Actias selene, the Indian moon moth or Indian luna moth, is a species of saturniid moth from Asia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Stirling was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1950 to 2008. The district was located in the Great Southern region of Western Australia. Geography Stirling was a rural district, surrounding but not including the coastal city of Albany. At its abolition it included the towns of Denmark, Mount Barker, Walpole and Cranbrook. History Stirling was first created for the 1950 state election. It was held at all times by the National Party, or factions thereof, under their various guises. The district was abolished ahead of the 2008 state election as a result of the reduction in rural seats made necessary by the one vote one value reforms. Its former territory was largely incorporated into the new district of Blackwood-Stirling with parts also added to Albany. Following Stirling's abolition, sitting National MP Terry Redman contested the seat of Blackwood-Stirling. Members for Stirling\n\nPipera village is a neighborhood in Voluntari, Ilfov County, at the northern edge of the city of Bucharest, Romania. Development Until 1995, Pipera was an ordinary village. After that, an \"El Dorado\" of land transactions began. Plots of land that were US$1/m2 reached in 2005 the US$250/m2. In this time, more than 1,400 houses were built there, transforming Pipera in one of the most expensive residential areas. Between 2002 and 2011, in just ten years, the surface of the residential area doubled in size. The residential area expanding quickly and faster than the street network created many problems and concerns, such as urban planning, traffic control, water supply and electrical supply. A shopping park was also built, initially as a Carrefour and Bricostore, and later developed into a Metro, a Selgross Cash & Carry, an IKEA and, most importantly, B\u0103neasa Shopping City. However, these have been developed chaotically. Transportation This\n\nThe Ethel Barrymore Theatre is a Broadway theater at 241 West 47th Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. Opened in 1928, it was designed by Herbert J. Krapp in the Elizabethan, Mediterranean, and Adam styles for the Shubert family. The theater, named in honor of actress Ethel Barrymore, has 1,058 seats and is operated by the Shubert Organization. Both the facade and the auditorium interior are New York City landmarks. The ground-floor facade is made of rusticated blocks of terracotta. The theater's main entrance consists of two archways and a doorway shielded by a marquee. The upper stories contain an arched screen made of terracotta, inspired by Roman baths, which is surrounded by white brick. The auditorium contains ornamental plasterwork, a sloped orchestra level, a large balcony, and a coved ceiling with a dome. The balcony level contains box seats topped by decorative arches.\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Ethel Barrymore Theatre is.", "output": "The Ethel Barrymore Theatre is a Broadway theater at 241 West 47th Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ardipithecus is a genus of an extinct hominine that lived during the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene epochs in the Afar Depression, Ethiopia. Originally described as one of the earliest ancestors of humans after they diverged from the chimpanzees, the relation of this genus to human ancestors and whether it is a hominin is now a matter of debate. Two fossil species are described in the literature: A. ramidus, which lived about 4.4 million years ago during the early Pliocene, and A. kadabba, dated to approximately 5.6 million years ago (late Miocene). Initial behavioral analysis indicated that Ardipithecus could be very similar to chimpanzees, however more recent analysis based on canine size and lack of canine sexual dimorphism indicates that Ardipithecus was characterised by reduced aggression, and that they more closely resemble bonobos. Some analyses describe Australopithecus as being sister to Ardipithecus ramidus specifically. This means that Australopithecus is distinctly\n\nUSS Neuendorf (DE-200) was a in service with the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946. She was sunk as a target in 1967. History Namesake USS Neuendorf was named in honour of Seaman First Class William Frederick Neuendorf (1916\u20131941), who was killed in action aboard the battleship , as gun captain of No. 6 A.A. gun, gave an example of leadership, skill, and bravery that is remarked upon by all who observed it during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. He was commended posthumously \"for distinguished devotion to duty and extraordinary courage and disregard for his own safety[,]\" and was the most junior sailor mentioned specifically for distinguished conduct in the after action report of USS Nevada regarding the attack on Pearl Harbor. Pacific War Neuendorf was laid down at the Charleston Navy Yard on 15 February 1943. The ship was launched on 1 June\n\nAn aberration is something that deviates from the normal way. Aberration may also refer to: Biology and medicine Form (zoology) or aberration, a rare mutant butterfly or moth wing pattern Cardiac aberrancy, aberration in the shape of the EKG signal Chromosome aberration, abnormal number or structure of chromosomes Entertainment Aberration, a DLC for the video game Ark: Survival Evolved Aberration (film), a 1997 horror film Aberration (EP), by Neurosis, 1989 Aberrations, or abbies, human-like creatures in the American TV series Wayward Pines Optics and physics Astronomical aberration, phenomenon wherein objects appear to move about their true positions in the sky Chromatic aberration, failure of a lens to focus all colors on the same point Defocus aberration, in which an image is out of focus Optical aberration, an imperfection in image formation by an optical system Relativistic aberration, the distortion of light at high velocities Spherical aberration, which occurs when light\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Ardipithecus is.", "output": "Ardipithecus is a genus of an extinct hominine that lived during the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene epochs in the Afar Depression, Ethiopia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Colin Alexander Cunningham (born 1966) is an American television and film actor. Cunningham is best known for his roles as John Pope in the TNT science fiction series Falling Skies and as Major/Lt.Col Paul Davis on Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis. Career Cunningham began his acting career when he was dared by a friend to audition for a role in a public casting call. He was part of the founding company of the Open Fist Theatre Company, and he studied directing at the Vancouver Film School. He had a recurring role on Stargate SG-1 as USAF Major Paul Davis (15 episodes). Another major role was his portrayal of Brian Curtis, a crooked cop, in the popular, award-winning Canadian series Da Vinci's Inquest. He reprises the role of Brian Curtis in the 2006 sequel series, Da Vinci's City Hall. He appeared as Steven Lefkowitz in the short-lived jPod and in several\n\nCDG Express is a planned railway line between Gare de l'Est in Paris and Charles de Gaulle Airport to alleviate the saturation of the RER B line. , it is scheduled to open in early 2027. and, when operational, it will take no more than 20 minutes to travel the 32-kilometre distance, for a fare of \u20ac24. History In June 2000 SNCF, R\u00e9seau Ferr\u00e9 de France and A\u00e9roports de Paris formed CDG-Express, a groupement d'int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e9conomique, to develop a high-speed rail link from Paris to Charles de Gaulle Airport. It was proposed to open in 2006. In July 2008 a consortium of Vinci, Caisse des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts et consignations, Axa and Keolis was selected to finance, build and manage the line with a scheduled 2013 opening. However the project stalled, until it was relaunched in January 2014. It will be built and operated by a 50:50 joint venture between SNCF and\n\nRobert Jeffrey Zimmer (November 5, 1947 \u2013 May 23, 2023) was an American mathematician and academic administrator. From 2006 until 2021, he served as the 13th president of the University of Chicago and as the Chair of the Board for Argonne National Lab, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, and the Marine Biological Laboratory. He then served as chancellor of the University of Chicago until July 2022. As a mathematician, Zimmer specialized in geometry, particularly ergodic theory, Lie groups, and differential geometry. Education and work experience Zimmer graduated from New York's Stuyvesant High School in 1964. He matriculated to Brandeis University as an undergraduate, earning his B.A., summa cum laude, in 1968. He conducted his mathematics graduate study at Harvard University, receiving his master's degree in 1971 and his Ph.D. in 1975 under the supervision of George Mackey. He taught at the United States Naval Academy from 1975 to 1977, and moved\n\nQuestion: Define CDG Express.", "output": "CDG Express is a planned railway line between Gare de l'Est in Paris and Charles de Gaulle Airport to alleviate the saturation of the RER B line."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Geometric analysis is a mathematical discipline where tools from differential equations, especially elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs), are used to establish new results in differential geometry and differential topology. The use of linear elliptic PDEs dates at least as far back as Hodge theory. More recently, it refers largely to the use of nonlinear partial differential equations to study geometric and topological properties of spaces, such as submanifolds of Euclidean space, Riemannian manifolds, and symplectic manifolds. This approach dates back to the work by Tibor Rad\u00f3 and Jesse Douglas on minimal surfaces, John Forbes Nash Jr. on isometric embeddings of Riemannian manifolds into Euclidean space, work by Louis Nirenberg on the Minkowski problem and the Weyl problem, and work by Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov and Aleksei Pogorelov on convex hypersurfaces. In the 1980s fundamental contributions by Karen Uhlenbeck, Clifford Taubes, Shing-Tung Yau, Richard Schoen, and Richard Hamilton launched a particularly exciting\n\nThe Fremont Solstice Parade is an annual event that occurs each June in Seattle, Washington. The Parade was founded by Barbara Luecke and Peter Toms in 1989. Luecke and Toms were inspired by the Santa Barbara Summer Solstice Parade and Celebration. The Parade quickly grew to include thousands of participants and tens of thousands of spectators. The event is produced each June by the Fremont Arts Council (FAC), a non-profit organization based in the Fremont neighborhood of Seattle, Washington that supports the arts and artists in and around the city. The Parade kicks off the Fremont Fair, which for many years was a benefit for Solid Ground (originally known as the Fremont Public Association). The Fremont Solstice Parade is famous for its style and flair, political humor, energetic ensembles, and creative floats. It is also widely known for the body-painted Solstice Cyclists, who kick off the event each year by\n\nAteke Tom is a traditional ruler and the first Amanyanabo of Okochiri Kingdom, who was the former leader of the Niger Delta Vigilante, an ethnic Ijaw militia in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. In August 2007, following days of gun fights between various militia groups and security forces in Port Harcourt, Ateke Tom wrote to the Governor of Rivers State Celestine Omehia, requesting amnesty in response to an offer of clemency and rehabilitation the government had offered to militia who surrendered. On 1 October 2009, the 49th anniversary of Nigerian independence and three days before the closing of a government amnesty program, Tom willingly surrendered to President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua at the Government House, Abuja. The presidential jet was sent to fly Tom to Abuja, and the President stated, \"Today, Chief Tom Ateke you have given me my 49th independence anniversary gift and I cherish it so much.\" Also\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Ateke Tom is.", "output": "Ateke Tom is a traditional ruler and the first Amanyanabo of Okochiri Kingdom, who was the former leader of the Niger Delta Vigilante, an ethnic Ijaw militia in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Nederlander Theatre (formerly the National Theatre, the Billy Rose Theatre, and the Trafalgar Theatre) is a Broadway theater at 208 West 41st Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. Opened in 1921, it was designed by William Neil Smith for theatrical operator Walter C. Jordan. It has around 1,235 seats across two levels and is operated by the Nederlander Organization. Since 1980, it has been named for American theater impresario David Tobias Nederlander, father of theatrical producer James M. Nederlander. It is the southernmost Broadway theater in the Theater District. The facade is relatively plain and is made of brick, with a fire escape at the center of the second and third floors. The auditorium was originally designed in the early Renaissance style, which has since been modified several times. Unlike other theaters operated by the Shubert family, the interior contained little plaster decoration.\n\nIn linear algebra, an alternant matrix is a matrix formed by applying a finite list of functions pointwise to a fixed column of inputs. An alternant determinant is the determinant of a square alternant matrix. Generally, if are functions from a set to a field , and , then the alternant matrix has size and is defined by or, more compactly, . (Some authors use the transpose of the above matrix.) Examples of alternant matrices include Vandermonde matrices, for which , and Moore matrices, for which . Properties The alternant can be used to check the linear independence of the functions in function space. For example, let and choose . Then the alternant is the matrix and the alternant determinant is Therefore M is invertible and the vectors form a basis for their spanning set: in particular, and are linearly independent. Linear dependence of the columns of an alternant does\n\nFalco of Benevento (; ) was an Italian-Lombard twelfth-century historian, notary and scribe in the papal palace in Benevento, his native city, where he was born to high-standing parents. He is an important chronicler for the years between 1102 and 1139 in the Mezzogiorno. As an historian, he is not only reliable, as he was often an eyewitness to events he recounts, but also partisan, for he was a Lombard by birth and he fiercely opposed the Normans, whom he saw as barbarians. He was an opponent of King Roger II of Sicily, and a supporter of Innocent II against Roger's friend Anacletus II. He was, above all, a patriotic supporter of Benevento. As a supporter of Innocent II, Falco was exiled from Benevento in 1134. T.S. Brown writes that Falco demonstrated \"a blazing pride in his city and a vitriolic hate of the Normans.\" Parts of his chronicle are\n\nQuestion: What is Alternant matrix?", "output": "In linear algebra, an alternant matrix is a matrix formed by applying a finite list of functions pointwise to a fixed column of inputs."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gil Grand (born Gilles Lagrandeur, January 8, 1968) is a Canadian country music singer. Since 1998, he has released three studio albums: Famous First Words (1998), Burnin (2002) and Somebody's Someone (2006). He has charted several singles on the Canadian country singles charts as well, including the RPM top ten single \"Famous First Words\" in 1998. Career In 1998, Grand signed a record deal with Monument Records' Nashville division. His debut album, Famous First Words, helped him receive three Canadian Country Music Awards nominations including Male Vocalist of the Year, Album of the Year and Wrangler Rising Star. Burnin was released in December 2002. \"Cry A Little,\" \"Break It to Them Gently,\" \"Run\" and the title track were all released as singles. Grand earned five CCMA nominations in 2003 including Single of the Year, SOCAN Song of the Year, Video of the Year, and Best Album Graphics, and won Independent\n\nWarray (Waray) was an Australian language spoken in the Adelaide River area of the Northern Territory. Wulwulam may have been a dialect. Ngorrkkowo may have been another name for Wulwulam. Phonology Vocabulary The following basic vocabulary items of Warray are from Tryon (1968). {| class=\"wikitable sortable\" ! no. !! gloss !! Warrai |- | 1 || head || anbam |- | 2 || hair || me\u01f0a |- | 3 || eyes || andum |- | 4 || nose || ange |- | 5 || ear || angan\u00efm |- | 6 || tooth || anl\u00e6tma |- | 7 || tongue || an\u01f0\u00e6n |- | 8 || shoulder || anmunak |- | 9 || elbow || angunmu\u014b |- | 10 || hand || \u00e6nn\u00e6b\u00e6 |- | 11 || breasts || \u010d\u0153\u010d\u0153\u010d |- | 12 || back || angib\u00e6 |- | 13 || belly || anmi\u0272 |- | 14 || navel || anlan\u01f0\u025brak\n\nHavixbeck (Westphalian: Havkesbierk or Havkesbieck) is a municipality situated on the north-east edge of the Baumberge in the district of Coesfeld, in northern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located approximately 15 km west of M\u00fcnster. Geography Geographical Location Havixbeck is located on the fringes of the Baumberge, with 187 m the highest elevations of the M\u00fcnsterland. West of the town emanates the spring of M\u00fcnstersche Aa which, after passing M\u00fcnster, converges in the Ems River near Greven. Adjacent municipalities Havixbeck borders (clockwise, starting north) on Altenberge (District of Steinfurt), the city of M\u00fcnster, as well as Senden, Nottuln and Billerbeck (District of Coesfeld). Division of the town The district of Hohenholte has a population of about 1,000 residents. In the parish church of St. George, a former monastery church, there is a crucifixion relief from the period around 1530/40 as well as the epitaph of the prioress Richmond Warendorp (\u2020\n\nQuestion: What's Havixbeck?", "output": "Havixbeck is a municipality situated on the north-east edge of the Baumberge in the district of Coesfeld, in northern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "is a 1983 Japanese historical martial arts fantasy film directed by Kinji Fukasaku. The script is adapted from Toshio Kamata's 1982 novel Shin Satomi Hakkenden (\u65b0\u30fb\u91cc\u898b\u516b\u72ac\u4f1d), itself a loose reworking of the epic serial Nans\u014d Satomi Hakkenden by Kyokutei Bakin. Synopsis The story follows Princess Shizu (Hiroko Yakushimaru), her family slain and on the run from her enemies. As she escapes she is found by the vagabond Shinbei (Hiroyuki Sanada), before being rescued from her pursuers by D\u014dsetsu (Sonny Chiba). He tells her the legend of a curse on her family, and of eight beads that identify eight dog-warriors who can lift it, of which he and his companion are two. To defeat the evil queen Tamazusa (Mari Natsuki) who killed her family, they must find all eight. But Shinbei hears of Princess Shizu's identity, and vows to collect the reward for capturing her. Cast Hiroko Yakushimaru as Princess Shizu\n\nFranklin Square station is an unused, underground rapid transit station on the PATCO Speedline, operated by the Delaware River Port Authority. It is located under Franklin Square in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Opened on June 7, 1936, the station was the first westbound and final eastbound station in Philadelphia, located just west of the Benjamin Franklin Bridge which carries trains over the Delaware River. The station has been opened for four separate intervals, each time eventually being closed for low ridership. , the station was being refurbished and was expected to reopen in April 2024. History The station first opened on June 7, 1936, along with 8th Street in Philadelphia and City Hall and Broadway in Camden, New Jersey, as part of Philadelphia Rapid Transit's Bridge Line service. The station was open for several intervals, each time eventually being closed for low ridership. Most recently, the station was refurbished and\n\nwas a Japanese petroleum company, a wholly owned subsidiary of Nippon Mining Holdings (now JXTG Nippon Mining & Metals). The petroleum products of Japan Energy Corporation were sold by filling stations under the brand name JOMO (for \"joy of motoring\"). Aside from petroleum, mining, electronic materials, and operations, the company was also involved in transportation, construction, and engineering industries. History The predecessor to Japan Energy was first established in 1905 as a mining company in Hitachi, Ibaraki, which expanded into oil exploration in 1914. Namihei Odaira, an employee of the mining company, established Hitachi within the mine in 1908. The mine was renamed the Nippon Mining Company, Ltd. in 1929 following its integration into the Nissan Group the previous year. In 1966, at the behest of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Nippon Mining's oil division merged its downstream business with those of unrelated oil companies Asia Oil and\n\nQuestion: Define Franklin Square station.", "output": "Franklin Square station is an unused, underground rapid transit station on the PATCO Speedline, operated by the Delaware River Port Authority."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Isoamyl acetate, also known as isopentyl acetate, is an organic compound that is the ester formed from isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid, with the molecular formula C7H14O2. It is a colorless liquid that is only slightly soluble in water, but very soluble in most organic solvents. Isoamyl acetate has a strong odor which is described as similar to both banana and pear. Pure isoamyl acetate, or mixtures of isoamyl acetate, amyl acetate, and other flavors in ethanol may be referred to as banana oil or pear oil. Production Isoamyl acetate is prepared by the acid catalyzed reaction (Fischer esterification) between isoamyl alcohol and glacial acetic acid as shown in the reaction equation below. Typically, sulfuric acid is used as the catalyst. Alternatively, p-toluenesulfonic acid or an acidic ion exchange resin can be used as the catalyst. It is also produced synthetically by the rectification of amyl acetate. Applications Isoamyl acetate\n\nDomagoj () was Duke of Croatia from 864 to 876, and the founder of the Domagojevi\u0107 dynasty. He usurped the Croatian throne after the death of Trpimir I and expelled his sons. He took a more active role in the Adriatic Sea than his predecessors, encouraged the use of force and waged many wars, specifically with the Arabs, Venice and the East Francia. Domagoj's belligerence and the tolerance and support of piracy caused bad relations with Pope John VIII, which was further worsened after Domagoj showed no mercy to his conspirators. Formally a Frankish vassal, he used to his advantage the Frankish succession crisis and started a successful revolt against Carloman of Bavaria. After his death in 876, Domagoj was succeeded by his son who was deposed and expelled by Zdeslav in 878. Reign Wars with the Venetians and Arabs Following the death of Duke Trpimir I in around 864,\n\nOldtown () is a population centre and townland in the civil parish of Clonmethan in Fingal, County Dublin, Ireland. The R122 road runs through the village linking Naul to St Margaret's and Dublin Airport. Physical features The character of the landscape is \"Low-Lying Agricultural\", as indicated in the County Development Plan. This area contains mixed pasture and arable farming on low lands, consisting of large fields with few tree belts or large settlements. The village itself is situated in a shallow valley drained by a small river known locally as 'The Daws River' and is surrounded by lands zoned as agricultural in the 1999 Fingal County Development Plan. It is the policy of the council to protect and provide for the development of agriculture and rural amenity within this zone. History Oldtown is an example of a \"chapel village\" which led to a widespread investment in chapel building following the\n\nQuestion: What is Domagoj of Croatia?", "output": "Domagoj was Duke of Croatia from 864 to 876, and the founder of the Domagojevi\u0107 dynasty."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Private Parts and Pieces IV: A Catch at the Tables is the ninth studio album by English multi-instrumentalist and composer Anthony Phillips. It was released in April 1984 by Passport Records as the fourth instalment to his generic album series, Private Parts & Pieces. A release in the United Kingdom followed in 1990 by Virgin Records. Background and recording In October 1983, Phillips released his eighth studio album Invisible Men. At this point in his career, he was pressured into delivering more radio friendly material by his US-based label Passport Records. For his next release, Phillips decided to assemble the fourth instalment in his Private Parts & Pieces album series which showcase more \"generic\" tracks, including rough cuts, demos, and outtakes. This process began in the spring of 1983 after Invisible Men had been recorded. An early idea that Phillips had at this stage was to construct a suite consisting\n\nThe Silent Speaker is a Nero Wolfe detective novel by Rex Stout, first published by the Viking Press in 1946. It was published just after World War II, and key plot elements reflect the lingering effects of the war: housing shortages and restrictions on consumer goods, including government regulation of prices, featuring the conflict between a federal price regulatory body and a national business association, paralleling the conflicts between the Office of Price Administration and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the National Association of Manufacturers. The Silent Speaker was Stout's first full-length Nero Wolfe novel since Where There's a Will in 1940. \"Thereafter, though he would continue writing for another thirty years, his stories would all be Nero Wolfe stories,\" wrote biographer John McAleer. \"He liked Wolfe and Archie. After all, they were an essential part of himself. 'During the war years I missed them,' he told me.\" Plot\n\nTiger Trap was an American twee-pop foursome composed of high school friends Angela Loy and Rose Melberg, with Heather Dunn and Jen Braun. The group recorded for K Records. The name \"Tiger Trap\" comes from the very first Calvin and Hobbes cartoon, and was used prior to the formation of the band by Rose Melberg for a solo set in 1991 at the first night of the International Pop Underground Convention, Love Rock Revolution Girl Style Now, inspiring the Beat Happening song of the same name. Formed in Sacramento, California in 1992, they managed to garner something of a cult following before disbanding only a year later. Their last concert took place at Bottom of the Hill, San Francisco, in December 1993. Bands they played with include Heavenly, Unwound, Shadowy Men on a Shadowy Planet, Girl Trouble, Mecca Normal, Beat Happening, and Tsunami. Along with Beat Happening, Lois, Tullycraft, and\n\nQuestion: What is Private Parts and Pieces IV: A Catch at the Tables?", "output": "Private Parts and Pieces IV: A Catch at the Tables is the ninth studio album by English multi-instrumentalist and composer Anthony Phillips."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Country (also called country and western) is a music genre originating in the Southern and Southwestern United States. First produced in the 1920s, country music primarily focuses on working class Americans and blue-collar American life. Country music is known for its ballads and dance tunes (also known as \"honky-tonk music\") with simple form, folk lyrics, and harmonies generally accompanied by instruments such as banjos, fiddles, harmonicas, and many types of guitar (including acoustic, electric, steel, and resonator guitars). Though it is primarily rooted in various forms of American folk music, such as old-time music and Appalachian music, many other traditions, including African-American, Mexican, Irish, and Hawaiian music, have also had a formative influence on the genre. Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its history as well. The term country music gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to hillbilly music; it came to encompass western music, which evolved parallel\n\nNucleosys was a video game developer based in Argentina specializing in the adventure genre. History The company was founded in 2003 by Agustin Cordes and Alejandro Graziani. The studio' s first release was Scratches in 2006. After this release, Nucleosys rebranded as Nucleosys Digital Studio. On July 15, 2009 Nucleosys was announced to be disbanding. On August 3, 2009 the studio announced via its official site that it would be closing its doors soon. Agustin Cordes later went on to found Senscape. Games Nucleosys's first project Scratches was released in North America on March 8, 2006. Scratches (2006) Scratches: Director's Cut (2007) Risk Profile: Federal Cases (2008) Untitled Project (unreleased) About their final, untitled project, the only information ever released on the company's website was that it would have been a horror first-person adventure, taking place in a single location, over the course of one night, with several characters to\n\nNaomi Alderman (born 1974) is an English novelist, game writer, and television executive producer. She is best known for her speculative science fiction novel The Power, which won the Women's Prize for Fiction in 2017 and has been adapted into a television series for Amazon Studios. Biography Alderman was born in London, the daughter of Geoffrey Alderman, a specialist in Anglo-Jewish history who has described himself as an unconventional Orthodox Jew. Alderman was educated at South Hampstead High School and Lincoln College, Oxford, where she read Philosophy, Politics and Economics. After she left Oxford, she worked in children's publishing and then for a law firm, editing their publications. She went on to study creative writing at the University of East Anglia before becoming a novelist. In 2007, The Sunday Times named her their Young Writer of the Year. In 2007, she was named as one of the 25 Writers of\n\nQuestion: Define Country music.", "output": "Country is a music genre originating in the Southern and Southwestern United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Klover was an American, short-lived Boston punk band, consisting of Mike Stone (later a Queensr\u00ffche guitarist) on vocals and guitar, Chris Doherty (ex-Gang Green) on lead guitar, Darren Hill (ex-Red Rockers, Paul Westerberg) on bass and Brian Betzger (ex-Jerry's Kids, Gang Green) on drums. They released only one album, Feel Lucky Punk?, and an EP, Beginning to End, on Mercury Records in 1995 and disbanded after the subsequent tour. \"Beginning to End\" was used in the soundtrack for the 1995 Sylvester Stallone film Assassins. Discography Feel Lucky Punk? (Mercury, 1995) \"Our Way\" \"Beginning to End\" \"Here I Go Again\" \"All Kindsa Girls\" \"What a Waste\" \"I Wanna Be\" \"Memory\" \"Brain\" \"Illusions (Make It Go Away)\" \"Sandbag\" \"Building a Wall\" \"Y.R.U. (Still Here)\" Beginning to End (EP) (Mercury, 1995) \"Beginning to End\" \"Common Factor\" (non-lp) \"Nothing\" (non-lp) \"Building a Wall\" References External links Klover Robert Christgau: CG: Klover Punk rock groups\n\nBosanski Petrovac () is a town and municipality located in the Una-Sana Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013 census, the municipality has a population of 7,328 inhabitants, while the town has a population of 3,427 inhabitants. History The settlement has existed since Roman times. It was conquered by the Ottoman Empire somewhere between 1520 and 1530. From 1929 to 1941, Bosanski Petrovac was part of the Vrbas Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During the Second World War, it was a Partisan stronghold which was conveniently located close to Marshal Josip Broz Tito's headquarters in Drvar. On 6 December 1942 the Women's Antifascist Front of Yugoslavia was established in the town. During the 1992\u201395 Bosnian War, the town's Serb majority remained in the city while the Bosniaks and Croats were forced to leave their homes. Then in 1995, as\n\n\"The Ballad of the Green Berets\" is a patriotic song in the ballad style about the United States Army Special Forces. It is one of the few popular songs of the Vietnam War years to cast the military in a positive light. In 1966 it became a major hit, reaching No. 1 for five weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 and four weeks on Cashbox. It was also a crossover hit, reaching No. 1 on Billboard Easy Listening chart and No. 2 on Billboard Country survey. The song was written by then-Staff Sergeant or \"SSG\" Barry Sadler, beginning when he was training to be a Special Forces medic. The author Robin Moore, who wrote the book The Green Berets, helped Sadler write the lyrics and get a recording contract with RCA Records. The demo of the song was produced in a rudimentary recording studio at Fort Liberty, with the help\n\nQuestion: What's Bosanski Petrovac?", "output": "Bosanski Petrovac is a town and municipality located in the Una-Sana Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kim St-Pierre (born December 14, 1978 in Ch\u00e2teauguay, Quebec) is a Canadian ice hockey player. She is a three-time Olympic gold medallist and five-time IIHF world champion. She was announced as a Hockey Hall of Fame inductee on June 24, 2020. She was named to the Order of Hockey in Canada in 2022. Playing career McGill In 1998-99, she was the top rookie for the McGill Martlets women's ice hockey team. She was also the first woman in Canadian Interuniversity Sports history to win a men\u2019s regular season game when McGill University defeated Ryerson University on November 15, 2003 by a score of 5-2. International play Kim St. Pierre was the goaltender for Team Canada in the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics, and was the starting goaltender in Team Canada's 3-2 victory over Team USA in the gold medal final. She also played for the Canadian women's team in Turin.\n\nPrivate Audition is the sixth studio album by American rock band Heart, released on May 20, 1982, by Epic Records. The album reached number 25 on the US Billboard 200, spending 14 weeks on the chart. It spawned the single \"This Man Is Mine\", which peaked at number 33 on the Billboard Hot 100. It is the last Heart album to feature longtime members Mike Derosier and Steve Fossen, who left after the recording of the album and were replaced by Denny Carmassi and Mark Andes. In 2009, Private Audition was re-released by BGO Records as a double CD with the band's subsequent album, Passionworks (1983). Prior to this, Private Audition had been out of print for a number of years and was Heart's most difficult CD to obtain. Track listing Personnel Credits adapted from the liner notes of Private Audition. Heart Ann Wilson \u2013 vocals ; piano ; backing\n\nJunction Sheep Range Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located near the confluence of the Chilcotin and Fraser Rivers on the west bank of the latter river. History The Chilcotin Region began its history of agricultural settlements just as the Cariboo Gold Rush was waning in the 1860s. Two of the earliest ranches in this area were the Cotton and Deer Park Ranches, now amalgamated as Riske Creek Ranching. Settlement followed the accessible bunchgrass ranges along the terraces of the Chilcotin River between 1873 and 1893, and ranges have been used for livestock grazing since 1873. There is also historical evidence of mining in the area; remnants of old Chinese placer mining activities have been found at the confluence of the Fraser and Chilcotin Rivers. In 1973, a 4,573 hectare Wildlife Reserve, managed by the Fish and Wildlife Branch, was established to protect the bighorn sheep\n\nQuestion: What is Junction Sheep Range Provincial Park?", "output": "Junction Sheep Range Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located near the confluence of the Chilcotin and Fraser Rivers on the west bank of the latter river."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wayne Denne (born 5 March 1976 in Cape Town, Western Cape) is a field hockey player from South Africa, who was a member of the national squad that finished tenth at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. He made his international debut for his native country in 1995, against Australia at the Indra Gandhi Gold Cup in India. The midfielder played for Western Province. International Senior Tournaments 1997 \u2013 World Cup Qualifier, Kuala Lumpur (9th) 1999 \u2013 All-Africa Games, Johannesburg (1st) 2002 \u2013 World Cup, Kuala Lumpur (13th) 2002 \u2013 Commonwealth Games, Manchester (4th) 2003 \u2013 Champions Challenge, Johannesburg (3rd) 2004 \u2013 Olympic Qualifier, Madrid (7th) 2004 \u2013 Summer Olympics, Athens (10th) References sports-reference External links 1976 births Living people South African male field hockey players Male field hockey midfielders Olympic field hockey players for South Africa Field hockey players at the 2002 Commonwealth Games 2002 Men's Hockey World Cup\n\nBaron Profumo was a title in the nobility of the Kingdom of Sardinia. It was created by Charles Albert, King of Sardinia, on 30 November 1843 for Antonio Profumo, a Genoese merchant and politician who was President of the Tribunal of Commerce in Genoa. The best known Baron Profumo was the British politician John Profumo, who did not use the title. Italian noble titles were no longer recognised in Italy after 1948. Barons Profumo , 1st Baron Profumo (1788\u20131852) Pietro Profumo, 2nd Baron Profumo, principal secretary to Count Cavour (d. 1867) Joseph Alexander Profumo, 3rd Baron Profumo (1849\u20131911) Alberto Pier Anthony Profumo, 4th Baron Profumo, barrister (1879\u20131940) John Dennis Profumo, 5th Baron Profumo, British politician known for the Profumo affair (1915\u20132006) David John Profumo, 6th Baron Profumo, FRSL, is an English novelist (born 20 October 1955). See also Nobility of Italy References Profumo Families of Genoa Noble titles created in\n\nThe Curse of the Mummy's Tomb is a 1964 British horror film produced, written and directed by Michael Carreras, starring Terence Morgan, Ronald Howard, Fred Clark and introducing Jeanne Roland. Plot \"Egypt in the year 1900\". The mummy of Ra-Antef, son of Ramesses VIII, is discovered by three Egyptologists: Englishmen John Bray (Ronald Howard) and Sir Giles Dalrymple (Jack Gwillim) as well as French Professor Eugene Dubois (unbilled Bernard Rebel, who died three weeks before the film's UK premiere). Assisting in the expedition is Professor Dubois' daughter, and Bray's fianc\u00e9e, Annette (Jeanne Roland), herself an Egyptology expert. All the artifacts are brought back to London by the project's backer, American showman Alexander King (Fred Clark), who plans to recoup his investment by staging luridly sensational public exhibits of the Egyptian treasures. Soon after arrival, however, the mummy revives and starts to kill various members of the expedition, while it becomes\n\nQuestion: Tell me what The Curse of the Mummy's Tomb is.", "output": "The Curse of the Mummy's Tomb is a 1964 British horror film produced, written and directed by Michael Carreras, starring Terence Morgan, Ronald Howard, Fred Clark and introducing Jeanne Roland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nur (, also Romanized as N\u016br, Nour, and Noor); Nursar (), formerly, Suldeh, is a city in the Central District of Nur County, Mazandaran province, Iran, and serves as both capital of the county and of the district. It is on the Caspian Sea. At the 2006 National Census, its population was 21,806 in 6,164 households. The following census in 2011 counted 22,978 people in 6,815 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 26,947 people in 8,597 households. Overview Nur is one of the oldest cities of Mazandaran Province. Located on the Caspian Sea coast. It derives its name from Nur County, of which it is the administrative seat. In the past, Nur was reputedly known as Suldeh and is one of the ancient cities of Mazandaran. Nur Forest Park, the largest forest park in the West Asia with an area about 4000 hectares and a variety\n\nPendekanti Law College was founded in 1991 by Pendekanti Venkatasubbaiah, former Governor to the state of Bihar and Karnataka. It is affiliated with Osmania University, India's 7th oldest university (1918). The school initially occupied a three-floor building in Himayatnagar. The college now occupies a five-storey building at Viveknagar, Chikkadpally, Hyderabad. History Pendekanti Law College was established by Vasavi Academy of Education and formally inaugurated on 13 April 1991 by the then Chief Justice of India, Hon'ble Justice Ranganadha Misra, with the then governor of Andhra Pradesh, Krishna Kanth as the chief guest. The college started with the three-year LL.B Evening Course in the first year 1990\u20131991, from the Second Year onwards the college introduced a 3-year LL.B Day Course, 5-year LL.B Course intended for the benefit of Post-Intermediate students. The college at present has two sections of 80 students each of three-year LL.B Course and one section of 80 students\n\nFriedrich Materna (21 June 1885 \u2013 11 November 1946) was a general in the Bundesheer (Austrian Federal Army) in the 1930s and the German Wehrmacht during the World War II. He became a general-major in the Austrian army in 1935, and he was also a part of the Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Landesverteidigung (Federal Ministry of Defence), in which he acted as Head of the Training Department. After the Anschluss he was incorporated into the Wehrmacht, where from 1938 to 1940, he commanded the 45. Infanterie-Division. Between 1940 and 1942, he commanded the XX Armeekorps, and from 1942 to 1943, the Military District XVII. Between 1943 and 1944, he was held in reserve, and, in 1944, he retired from the Army. He died in 1946. Awards Iron Cross (1939) 2nd and 1st Class German Cross in Gold (15 December 1942) Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 5 August 1940 as Generalleutnant\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Friedrich Materna.", "output": "Friedrich Materna was a general in the Bundesheer in the 1930s and the German Wehrmacht during the World War II."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The first conflict between Moldavia and the Ottoman Empire for which there is a historical account occurred during the reign of Alexandru cel Bun, in 1420, when the Ottomans tried to capture Chilia. The attack was unsuccessful. In 1439, King Sigismund of Hungary argued with King Wladislaw of Poland about dividing Moldavia between their two countries. Sigismund complained that the Moldavians refused to aid him in his expeditions against the Turks, but King Wladyslaw argued that the Moldavians couldn't aid Sigismund with troops because they aided him, instead, and Sigismund had to give up on his claims. In 1444, Moldavia sent troops that joined King W\u0142adys\u0142aw III of Varna at the Battle of Varna. The Turks had camels with them and in case of defeat, they would spill gold and silver coins on the ground in order to slacken the enemy. The Moldavians went after the camels for the money.\n\nManduca occulta, the occult sphinx, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. Distribution The species was first described by Rothschild & Karl Jordan in 1903. It is found from Panama north through Central America (including Belize, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Costa Rica) and Mexico to southern Arizona and on occasion southern Florida. Description The wingspan is 105\u2013120 mm. It is similar to Manduca diffissa tropicalis and can be distinguished only by a study of the genitalia. There are brownish-black bands on the hindwing underside. Biology There is one generation per year in Costa Rica with adults on wing from May to June. In Nicaragua, adults have been recorded from July to August and in October. Strays in Florida have been recorded in September. They feed on the nectar of various flowers. The larvae feed on Cestrum glanduliferum, Cestrum racemosum, Solanum accrescens and Solanum hazenii. References External links Occult Sphinx Moths of\n\nJohn Malcolm Forbes Ludlow (8 March 1821 \u2013 17 October 1911) was an Anglo-Indian barrister. He led the Christian socialist movement and founded its newspaper of the same name. Biography He was born in Nimach, British India, where his father worked for the East India Company. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, and called to the bar in 1843. Ludlow was influenced by French socialism as he was educated in Paris. In 1850, he founded and became editor of The Christian Socialist newspaper. He was also a co-founder of the Working Men's College. Most of his work focused on mission work to the poor in London. He promoted mutual cooperation via friendly societies. He was secretary to the royal commission on friendly societies from 1870 to 1874, and served as England's chief registrar of friendly societies from 1875 to 1891. He was one of the first members and subsequently\n\nQuestion: What is Manduca occulta?", "output": "Manduca occulta, the occult sphinx, is a moth of the family Sphingidae."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Katharine Wagner (born May 11, 1964) is an American television personality and Hollywood reporter. She is best known for her 2002\u20132004 stint as the hostess for TV Guide Channel. Early life Wagner was born in Los Angeles, California. Her parents are actress Marion Marshall and actor Robert Wagner, who divorced in 1971. On her mother's side she has two older half-brothers, Joshua Donen and Peter Donen. On her father's side, she has a younger half-sister, Courtney Wagner. She has a stepsister, Natasha Gregson Wagner, from her father's marriage to Natalie Wood. Her stepmother is Jill St. John. Wood was her stepmother from July 1972 until her death on November 29, 1981. Wagner graduated from Beverly Hills High School in 1982 and attended Santa Barbara City College for a semester. After dropping out of college, she dabbled in modeling, which allowed her to live in Tokyo and London. She received a\n\nThe Guinness share-trading fraud was a major business scandal of the 1980s. It involved the manipulation of the London stock market to inflate the price of Guinness shares to thereby assist Guinness's \u00a34 billion takeover bid for the Scottish drinks company Distillers. Four businessmen were convicted of criminal offences for taking part in the manipulation. The scandal was discovered in testimony given by the US stock trader Ivan Boesky as part of a plea bargain. Ernest Saunders, Gerald Ronson, Jack Lyons and Anthony Parnes, the so-called Guinness four, were charged, paid large fines and, with the exception of Lyons, who was suffering from ill health, served prison sentences. The case was brought by the Serious Fraud Office. Crime The defendants bought shares in Guinness plc to enable Guinness (by supporting its share price) to take over Distillers, a much larger company. The Distillers board favoured Guinness as partners and were\n\nAmpicillin is an antibiotic belonging to the aminopenicillin class of the penicillin family. The drug is used to prevent and treat a number of bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, salmonellosis, and endocarditis. It may also be used to prevent group B streptococcal infection in newborns. It is used by mouth, by injection into a muscle, or intravenously. Common side effects include rash, nausea, and diarrhea. It should not be used in people who are allergic to penicillin. Serious side effects may include Clostridium difficile colitis or anaphylaxis. While usable in those with kidney problems, the dose may need to be decreased. Its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding appears to be generally safe. Ampicillin was discovered in 1958 and came into commercial use in 1961. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. The World Health Organization classifies ampicillin as critically important\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Ampicillin is.", "output": "Ampicillin is an antibiotic belonging to the aminopenicillin class of the penicillin family."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hucking is a small hamlet and civil parish in the Maidstone District of Kent, England. It is located north-east of Maidstone and south-west of Sittingbourne. The parish is governed by a parish meeting. The settlement sits atop the North Downs in a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) near the villages of Hollingbourne, Detling, Bicknor (where the population is included for census purposes) and Wormshill and between the main A249 and B2163 roads connecting the towns of Sittingbourne and Maidstone. The parish church is dedicated to St Margaret. History Hucking was historically part of the Hundred of Eyhorne. It has always been sparsely populated and isolated, with the parish forming part of the manor of Hollingbourne. The name may derive from Houkynnge, although in the middle ages it was also known as Rumpsted after the family which owned the land. The church of St Margaret is early Norman in\n\nSongs of the Heart is the twelfth studio album by Christian alternative rock band Daniel Amos, released on BAI Records in 1995. Concept The album's concept is a musical journey down legendary Route 66 with the fictional couple Bud & Irma Akendorf. This concept was partially conceived after discovering an LP hanging on the wall of their rehearsal hall. The LP, which was released in the early 1960s and entitled Songs of the Heart, was by a singing gospel duo by the name of Bob and Elsa Beckendorf. The cover featured the couple pictured in Oak Creek Canyon. The band, inspired by the cover, decided to explore the lives of a fictional couple, which they named Bud and Irma Akendorf. The released cover of D.A.'s Songs of the Heart is an exact copy of the original LP by the Beckendorfs, with the artist name replaced. In an interesting turn of\n\nBanksia integrifolia, commonly known as the coast banksia, is a species of tree that grows along the east coast of Australia. One of the most widely distributed Banksia species, it occurs between Victoria and Central Queensland in a broad range of habitats, from coastal dunes to mountains. It is highly variable in form, but is most often encountered as a tree up to in height. Its leaves have dark green upper surfaces and white undersides, a contrast that can be striking on windy days. It is one of the four original Banksia species collected by Sir Joseph Banks in 1770, and one of four species published in 1782 as part of Carolus Linnaeus the Younger's original description of the genus. It has had a complicated taxonomic history, with numerous species and varieties ascribed to it, only to be rejected or promoted to separate species. Modern taxonomy recognises three subspecies: B.\n\nQuestion: What is Banksia integrifolia?", "output": "Banksia integrifolia, commonly known as the coast banksia, is a species of tree that grows along the east coast of Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tamar Ross (Hebrew: \u05ea\u05de\u05e8 \u05e8\u05d5\u05e1) is a professor of Jewish philosophy at Bar-Ilan University and a specialist of religious feminist philosophy. Work Ross makes a vital contribution to philosophical questions around gender in Judaism by arguing that feminism is not external to Torah but rather integral to it. She argues for the concept of evolving revelation, that is, that people learn more as history evolves and societies develop and mature, and argues against the concept of Yeridat ha-dorot, the idea that knowledge of Torah diminishes with time. She also argues against approaches of more liberal movements which address perceived flaws by challenging the divinity and religious validity of sacred texts and traditions, arguing that such an approach only undermined the foundations faith. She develops the metaphor of \"Expanding the Palace of Torah\", originally an idea of Abraham Isaac Kook, for an approach seeking to address contemporary concerns by expanding rather\n\nThe Volvo Philip was a concept car that was built by Volvo in 1952. It was designed especially for the United States market and so was fitted with a prototype V8 engine called the B8B, which produced at 4000 rpm and was fitted with whitewall tires and a hint of tailfins. The design was inspired by American cars and was similar to the 1951 Kaiser. The designer was Jan Wilsgaard, who also designed the Volvo Amazon. However, it was cancelled by the board and never reached production, with only one car being made. That car was used for several years by the board at Bolinder-Munktell in Eskilstuna and is now preserved at the Volvo Museum in Gothenburg. This vehicle was hand built under extreme secrecy and was subjected to thorough testing. However, the V8 engine entered production in 1956 and was used for a truck, the Volvo Snabbe, as well\n\nSir Arthur de Capell Brooke, 2nd Baronet (22 June 1791 in Northamptonshire \u2013 6 December 1858) was a British baronet and travel writer, Fellow of the Royal Society (1823) and co-establisher of the Raleigh Club (1827). Remarks on Norway He travelled in Northern Norway in 1820 and remarked the following regarding sea monsters \u00abOff Otersoen.... It was of considerable length, and longer than it appeared, as it lay in large coils above the water to the height of many feet. Its head was shaped like that of a serpent; but he could not tell whether it had teeth or not. He said it emitted a very strong odour and that the boatmen were afraid to approach near it.\u00bb \u00abAt Alstahoeg I found the Bishop of the Nordlands (another clergyman!) who was an eye-witness to the appearance of two in the Bay of Sorsund, on the Drontheim Fjord.... They were swimming\n\nQuestion: What is Arthur de Capell Brooke?", "output": "Sir Arthur de Capell Brooke, 2nd Baronet was a British baronet and travel writer, Fellow of the Royal Society and co-establisher of the Raleigh Club."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Harry Clasper (5 July 1812 \u2013 12 July 1870) was a professional rower and boat builder from Tyneside in England. He was an innovative boat designer who pioneered the development of the racing shell and the use of outriggers. He is said to have invented spoon-shaped oars. He was the first of three well-known Tyneside oarsmen, the other two being Robert Chambers and James Renforth. Early history Harry Clasper was born in Dunston, now part of the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead, but then an independent village on the south bank of the River Tyne, a mile upriver from Gateshead. Later his family moved to Jarrow, also on the south bank of the Tyne, downriver from Newcastle. At the age of 15, he began to work at Jarrow Pit, which was notorious for firedamp. After a while, Clasper decided that mining did not suit him and he became apprenticed as a\n\nThe Shahrud (, from , DMG \u0161\u0101h-r\u016bd or \u0161\u0101h-i-r\u016bd) was a short-necked lute, illustrated in the Surname-i H\u00fcmayun, resembling an oud or barbat, but being much larger. The larger size gave the instrument added resonance and a deeper (bass) range, like the modern mandobass, mandolone or Algerian mandole. The word also referred to a type of zither written about by Al Farabi and illustrated in his book Kit\u0101b al-m\u016bs\u012bq\u012b al kab\u012br. That illustration has led scholars to speculate the instrument was a box-zither, or a harp combined with a psaltery. The \u0161\u0101h-r\u016bd was introduced to Samarkand in the early 10th century and spread to Middle Eastern Arabic music. Another writer who referred to the instrument was Abd al-Qadir in his work Maqasid al-Alhan (Persian for: purports of Music)(\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0646). al-Qadir was interested in the restoration and improvement of stringed musical instruments, and his work provides information about numerous musical instruments,\n\nWadgassen is a municipality in the district of Saarlouis, in Saarland, Germany. It is situated on the river Saar, approx. 6 km southeast of Saarlouis, and 15 km west of Saarbr\u00fccken. Religion Between 1135 and 1792 the Premonstratensian Wadgassen Abbey () was located here. Fusion 1974: Differten, Friedrichweiler, Hostenbach, Schaffhausen (Saar), Wadgassen (village), Werbeln Politics Local council (as at 24 May 2014) Mayor From 1 May 2014 \u2013 today: Sebastian Greiber 1 May 1988 \u2013 30 April 2014: Harald Braun, SPD 1974\u20131988: Dr. Friedrich Mouty, CDU Twin town Arques (Pas-de-Calais), France, since 1979 Economy Glass industry (Villeroy & Boch). Mechanical engineering (Firma Koch; since 2007 FL SMIDTH KOCH MVT) Startup: Factory-Outlet-Center Museums Deutsches Zeitungsmuseum (DZM) in the Abteihof (part of the former Premonstratensian abbey) Glash\u00fctte Museum: Villeroy & Boch Museum Academia Wadegotia \u2013 local history and living history of Wadgassen: Treppenstrasse 13 (csw Neubau), Wadgassen. Founded as institute museum. Saarl\u00e4ndisches\n\nQuestion: Define Wadgassen.", "output": "Wadgassen is a municipality in the district of Saarlouis, in Saarland, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Kobol's Last Gleaming\" is the two-part first-season finale of the reimagined Battlestar Galactica television series. In the first part, the human fleet discovers the abandoned planet Kobol, the mythical birthplace of humanity, who left here and founded the Twelve Colonies of Kobol elsewhere in the galaxy. A survey team is stranded there by Cylons while President Laura Roslin convinces Starbuck to disobey orders and retrieve an artifact called the Arrow of Apollo. In the second part, Commander William Adama stages a military coup and places Roslin in Galacticas brig. Starbuck retrieves the Arrow and discovers that Boomer, still on Galactica, is a Cylon. This Boomer destroys the Cylon Basestar orbiting Kobol, returns to Galactica, and shoots Commander Adama; the season ends on a cliffhanger. \"Kobol's Last Gleaming\" underwent numerous substantial rewrites. It was one of the most expensive episodes of the first season to produce. The episode received favorable critical\n\n\"Valley of the Shadow\" is a 51-minute episode of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone. In this episode, a reporter is held captive in a small town after he discovers its incredible secret. Opening narration Plot Reporter Philip Redfield gets lost while driving with his dog, Rollie, on unfamiliar back roads, and stops in Peaceful Valley, New Mexico, seeking food, directions, and gasoline. The gas station attendant fills his tank but is curt and claims the only restaurant in town is closed. Rollie leaps out of the car to chase a little girl's cat up a tree. The girl uses a strange device to make the dog disappear. When Philip confronts the girl's father, he pretends to go looking for Rollie, then secretly uses the device to make the dog re-materialize. Philip and his dog seek food at the town's hotel. Ellen, the proprietor, is as curt as\n\nWeird Little Boy is a one-off album by a band of the same name, performed by John Zorn (alto saxophone, keyboards, samplers), Trey Spruance (guitar, drums, keyboards), William Winant (percussion), Mike Patton (drums, vocals) and Chris Cochrane (guitar). It was released in 1998 on the Japanese label Avant. Weird Little Boy is regarded by fans (as well as by the actual performers) as the best/worst thing that could have resulted from the meeting of this eclectic mix of artists. Every performer on the recording has at some point professed their distaste for the project. Most vocal on this subject was Trey Spruance. Reception The Allmusic review by Bradley Torreano awarded the album 3 stars noting that \"This is not for fans of jazz, or fans of anything really. This is a brutal noise experience for listeners interested in how far sonic technology can really be stretched and twisted. It is\n\nQuestion: What's Valley of the Shadow?", "output": "\"Valley of the Shadow\" is a 51-minute episode of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Frogner Park () is a public park in the central West End borough of Frogner in Oslo, Norway. The park is historically part of Frogner Manor and is Oslo's largest park, open to the public at all times. It includes the manor house which is the seat of Oslo Museum, the nearby Henriette Wegner Pavilion, the Vigeland installation of sculptures () created by sculptor Gustav Vigeland, Frogner Baths, Frogner stadion, Frognerparken Caf\u00e9, the restaurant Herreg\u00e5rdskroen and the largest collection of roses in the country with 14,000 plants of 150 species. Frogner Park is the most visited tourist attraction in Norway. Frogner Manor was historically one of the largest estates in the modern Oslo area. Both the park, the entire borough of Frogner as well as Frognerseteren derive their names from Frogner Manor. The manor house is located in the south of the park, and houses Oslo Museum, which opened there\n\nOswald O'Neil Skippings (born 19 February 1953) is a Turks and Caicos Islander politician who served as the 2nd Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands from 19 June 1980 to 4 November 1980 and again from 3 March 1988 to 3 April 1991. Skippings became the youngest member of a Caribbean government ever when he was first elected to the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI) legislature in 1976 at the age of 22. He later became the youngest leader of a Caribbean government ever when he became Chief Minister in 1980 at the age of 26. Skippings was Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands between June and November 1980 and again between March 1988 and April 1991. In July 2012, he was re-elected leader of the People's Democratic Movement. References |- 1953 births Chief Ministers of the Turks and Caicos Islands Living people People's Democratic Movement\n\nBGN/PCGN romanization are the systems for romanization and Roman-script spelling conventions adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) and the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use (PCGN). The systems have been approved by the BGN and the PCGN for application to geographic names, but they have also been used for personal names and text in the US and the UK. Details of all the jointly approved systems are outlined in the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency publication Romanization Systems and Policies (2012), which superseded the BGN 1994 publication Romanization Systems and Roman-Script Spelling Conventions. Romanization systems and spelling conventions for different languages have been gradually introduced over the course of several years. The currently used set is available on the UK government site. A complete list of BGN/PCGN systems and agreements covering the following languages is given below (the date of adoption is given in the\n\nQuestion: What is BGN/PCGN romanization", "output": "BGN/PCGN romanization are the systems for romanization and Roman-script spelling conventions adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names and the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Scottish League Championship (Formerly Scottish Premiership Division Three) is the third tier of Scotland's national rugby union league system, and therefore part of the Scottish League Championship. Between 1973 and 2012 the league was the lowest division in the Scottish Premiership and as such was a nationwide league with the best teams being promoted to Scottish Premiership Division Two and the bottom teams relegated to Scottish National League Division One. Beginning in the 2012\u201313 season the SRU have regionalised the third tier of the Scottish League Championship, replacing the 12 team nationwide league with two 10 team 'East' and 'West' Championships. Division Three, 2011-2012 Ardrossan Academicals RFC Cartha Queens Park RFC Dalziel RFC Dumfries RFC Greenock Wanderers RFC Glasgow Hutchesons Aloysians RFC Haddington RFC Howe of Fife RFC Kirkcaldy RFC Lasswade RFC Morgan Academy RFC Perthshire RFC Details: Past winners Kilmarnock RFC Highland RFC Haddington Preston Lodge Leith Academicals\n\nJohn Muirhead Macfarlane FRSE LLD (28 September 1855, Kirkcaldy, Fife \u2013 16 September 1943, Lancaster) was a Scottish botanist. Life He was born in Kirkcaldy in Fife on 28 September 1855. He was educated locally, then studied sciences at the University of Edinburgh, first graduating with a BSc, followed by a degree of Doctor of Science in 1883. He occupied several different academic positions at the University of Edinburgh and the Royal Dick Veterinary College. In 1885 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Alexander Dickson, Robert Gray, Alexander Buchan and Andrew Peebles Aitken. During this period he lived at 3 Bellevue Terrace on the eastern fringe of the New Town. In 1893 he travelled to the United States to assume a professorial chair at the University of Pennsylvania. He held this position until retirement in 1920. During his time at the University\n\nGairsay (Old Norse: G\u00e1reksey) is a small island in Orkney, Scotland, located in the parish of Rendall, off the coast, astride one of the approaches to the bays of Firth and Kirkwall. It is about long and wide and includes one conical hill and a small harbour called Millburn Bay, which is sheltered by the peninsula known as the Hen of Gairsay. History Viking age According to the Orkneyinga saga, in Norse times Gairsay was the winter home of the Norse chieftain Sweyn Asleifsson, one of the last great Vikings. He farmed during the summer months and spent the winters with his eighty men at arms on his Gairsay estate. After the spring planting had been done Sweyn would go on Viking raids down the coast of Scotland, England and Ireland. He died attempting to conquer Dublin in the year 1171. 17th to 19th centuries A mansion called Langskaill was\n\nQuestion: Tell me what John Muirhead Macfarlane is.", "output": "John Muirhead Macfarlane FRSE LLD was a Scottish botanist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The National Division (, , ) is the highest football league in Luxembourg. Until 2011, it was known as the BGL Ligue, after the Luxembourg Football Federation managed to seal a sponsorship deal with Fortis. Before 2006, it contained twelve teams, but it expanded to fourteen for the 2006\u201307 season. Following the abandonment of the previous season, the 2020\u201321 season saw the further expansion of the league to 16 teams. The current champions are Swift Hesperange. The competition was first held in 1909\u201310, and has been held every year since, with the exceptions of 1912\u201313 and four seasons during the Second World War. The competition was called the Luxembourgish Championship (, ) until 1913\u201314. From the 1914\u201315 season until 1931\u201332 it was called the Premier Division (, ). It was then called the Division of Honour (, ) from 1932\u201333 to 1956\u201357. Since the 1957\u201358 season, the competition has been\n\nJyoti Sunita Kullu (born 9 September 1978 in Sundargarh, Odisha) is a female field hockey player from India, who made her international debut for her native country in 1996 in Delhi at the Indira Gandhi Gold Cup. In 2002, she became the topscorer of the Champions Challenge tournament in Johannesburg, South Africa, with five goals in six matches. In the same year Kullu won the golden medal with India at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, England. International Senior Tournaments 1996 \u2013 Indira Gandhi Gold Cup, New Delhi 1997 \u2013 World Cup Qualifier, Harare (4th) 1998 \u2013 World Cup, Utrecht (12th) 1998 \u2013 Commonwealth Games, Kuala Lumpur (4th) 1998 \u2013 Asian Games, Bangkok (2nd) 1999 \u2013 Hockey Asia Cup, New Delhi (2nd) 2000 \u2013 Olympic Qualifier, Milton Keynes (10th) 2001 \u2013 World Cup Qualifier, Amiens/Abbeville (7th) 2002 \u2013 Champions Challenge, Johannesburg (3rd) 2002 \u2013 Commonwealth Games, Manchester (1st) 2002 \u2013\n\nRohit Gurunath Sharma (born 30 April 1987) is an Indian international cricketer and the current captain of India national cricket team in all formats. Considered one of the best batsmen of his generation. Sharma is known for his timing, elegance, six-hitting abilities and leadership skills. He plays as a right-handed batsman for India national cricket team in international cricket, Mumbai Indians in IPL and for Mumbai in domestic cricket. Sharma also captains Mumbai Indians and the team has won 5 titles under his leadership. With India, Sharma was a member of the team that won the 2007 T20 World Cup, and the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy, where he played in the finals of both tournaments. Rohit is one of four players to have played in every edition of the ICC T20 World Cup, from the inaugral edition in 2007 to the latest one in 2022 Sharma currently holds the world\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Rohit Sharma.", "output": "Rohit Gurunath Sharma is an Indian international cricketer and the current captain of India national cricket team in all formats."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lincoln Square is the name of both a square and the surrounding neighborhood on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. Lincoln Square is centered on the intersection of Broadway and Columbus Avenue, between West 65th and 66th streets. The neighborhood is bounded by Columbus and Amsterdam avenues to the east and west, and 66th and 63rd streets to the north and south, respectively. However, the term can be extended to refer to the neighborhood between 59th and 72nd streets. It is bounded by Hell's Kitchen, Riverside South, Central Park, and the Upper West Side proper. The studios for WABC-TV are located here. The area includes the 66th Street\u2013Lincoln Center station served by the New York City Subway's , and is anchored by Lincoln Center, a collection of performing-arts venues, and the Manhattan campus of Fordham University. Lincoln Square is part of Manhattan Community District 7 and\n\nSt Lawrence College (SLC) is a private independent school in Athens, Greece. It was founded in 1980 by Jack Meyer (the founder of Millfield in England), to provide a British education for any family desiring it (usually, so the pupil could later attend university in the United Kingdom or abroad). It started with 60 children, and rapidly expanded with a present student body of over 1000 at preschool, junior school and high school level. The current headmaster is Mr. P.A.Holden. Hellinikon campus The old campus of St Lawrence College was located in Hellinikon from where it operated for 22 years. In its early years, in the mid-1980s, there was also a second campus at Gargitos, which housed students from 3rd grade onward, with school facilities that included a hall, a tuck shop, a football pitch and a play area behind the two-storey school buildings. Also in these early years, students\n\nOscar Rudolph Neumann (3 September 1867 in Berlin \u2013 17 May 1946 in Chicago) was a German ornithologist and naturalist who explored and collected specimens in Africa. He fled via Cuba and settled in the United States to escape Nazi persecution of Jews. Neumann's starling (Onychognathus neumanni) and several other species are named after him. Neumann was born in wealthy Jewish family, the son of Maximilian and Anna n\u00e9e Meyer. A younger sister of his was Elsa Neumann (1872-1902) who became one of the first physics doctorates from Berlin University. Another sister Alice was a sculptor. He travelled to German East Africa across Tanganyika, Uganda and Kenya in 1892 and collected for the Berlin Museum publishing descriptions. In 1899 he accompanied Baron Carlo von Erlanger through Somaliland and southern Ethiopia, collecting birds that went to Lord Walter Rothschild's bird collection in Tring. In 1915 he went to New Guinea and\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Lincoln Square, Manhattan is.", "output": "Lincoln Square is the name of both a square and the surrounding neighborhood on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ubercode is a high level programming language designed by Ubercode Software and released in 2005 for Microsoft Windows. Ubercode is influenced by Eiffel and BASIC. It is proprietary software and can be tried out for free for 30 days. Ubercode has the following design goals: Compilable language\u2014compiled into Windows EXE files. Automatic memory management\u2014memory is allocated / freed automatically, and the language has no memory management primitives. Pre and post conditions\u2014these are run-time assertions which are attached to function declarations, as in Eiffel. High-level data types\u2014resizable arrays, lists and tables may contain arbitrary components. Integrated file handling\u2014primitives for transparent handling of text, binary, CSV, XML and dBase files. Ease of use\u2014language structure is relatively simple, making the language accessible to beginners. Hello, World! Here is the basic \"Hello, World!\" program: Ubercode 1 class Hello public function main() code call Msgbox(\"Hello\", \"Hello World!\") end function end class Preconditions and Postconditions Here\n\nGhosts of Loss is the second studio album by Swallow the Sun, released on August 24, 2005. Compared with their debut, this album has more influences of gothic metal. Some of its themes are greatly influenced by the 1990-91 TV serial Twin Peaks. Track listing All songs written by Juha Raivio. Personnel Mikko Kotam\u00e4ki - vocals Markus J\u00e4msen - guitar Juha Raivio - guitar Aleksi Munter - keyboards Matti Honkonen - bass guitar Pasi Pasanen - drums Production Recorded, engineered & mixed by Sami Kokko. Mastered by Minerva Pappi. Chart positions Cultural references The album contains multiple references to the TV series Twin Peaks. Laura Palmer is the girl around whose murder the series revolves. Guitarist Juha Raivio said in an interview, \"The song got nothing to do with real Laura Palmer or Twin Peaks, but the feeling is there and everybody knows what kind of girl Laura really was.\n\nRock Spring is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located in northwest Georgia, United States, approximately south of Chattanooga, Tennessee. It is in Walker County which resides in Georgia's 14th congressional district. Rock Spring is included in the Chattanooga, TN-GA Metropolitan Statistical Area. It first appeared as a CDP in the 2020 Census with a population of 891. Highlights The nearest major city is Chattanooga, and the nearest incorporated cities are Chickamauga and La Fayette. There is a Georgia Department of Driver Services branch in the community. Rock Spring Elementary School, Saddle Ridge Elementary, and Saddle Ridge Middle School serves the community as part of the Walker County School District. Walker County has relocated its tag and tax office to a former bank building at the intersection of US 27 and Hwy 95. History Northwest Georgia has a significant history tied to the Civil War. The Battle of Chickamauga was\n\nQuestion: What is Ghosts of Loss?", "output": "Ghosts of Loss is the second studio album by Swallow the Sun, released on August 24, 2005."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Packard Eighteenth Series One-Ten was a range of six-cylinder automobiles produced by the Packard Motor Car Company of Detroit, Michigan during the 1940 and 1941 model years. The One-Ten designation was renamed from the previous Packard Fifteenth Series Six (115-C).The One-Ten shared the wheelbase of the One-Twenty but was given the One-Ten designation to indicate it was the entry level product. Packard reintroduced a line of six-cylinder cars in 1937 after a ten-year absence as a response to the economic depression and ongoing recovery cycle in the United States. As an independent automaker, Packard could not look to other internal divisions to support its luxury models, so the inclusion of the Six, and the later One-Ten, was necessary to aid in supporting the firm's bottom line until better times returned. Critics of the Packard Six and One-Ten have long maintained they hurt Packard's reputation of being America's premier luxury\n\nThe Philadelphia Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra (PVCO) is a chamber orchestra that is located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1991 by Daniel Spalding. History and notable features Composed of some of the Philadelphia region\u2019s foremost musicians, the Philadelphia Virtuosi Chamber Orchestra was founded in 1991 by music director and conductor Daniel Spalding. Under his baton, the orchestra has performed numerous concerts in Center City Philadelphia, as well as in unusual venues throughout the region designed to reach new audiences. The orchestra\u2019s repertoire spans the Baroque to Modern eras. Programs often include new discoveries of less-known works, world premieres, and arrangements written especially for the Philadelphia Virtuosi, as well as standard repertoire, sometimes performed with creative visual effects such as special lighting or stage movement. Since 1996, the Philadelphia Virtuosi has been in demand outside of its home city and is often on the road. The orchestra has performed at\n\nThe Liberal State Party, \"the Freedom League\" (, LSP), was a conservative liberal political party in the Netherlands from 1921 to 1948. It is historically linked to the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), a major Dutch political party. History The LSP was founded on 16 April 1921 as a merger of the mainstream liberal Liberal Union, the conservative liberal League of Free Liberals, the minor Economic League and the single seat parties of the Neutral Party and the Middle Class Party. They were joined by the General Political Party, who lacked parliamentary representation. These were all the liberal parties in the Netherlands except for the progressive-liberal Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB). The merger was forced by the constitutional revision of 1918 implementing universal suffrage and proportional representation. The two biggest parties (the Liberal Union and the League of Free Liberals) had lost a considerable number of seats with the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Packard One-Ten is.", "output": "The Packard Eighteenth Series One-Ten was a range of six-cylinder automobiles produced by the Packard Motor Car Company of Detroit, Michigan during the 1940 and 1941 model years."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jody Simon (born June 4, 1956) is an American pharmacist and retired professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Joe Malenko. He is the son of Boris Malenko and the older brother of Dean Malenko. Professional wrestling career Japan Malenko is most known for his stints wrestling in Japan. Malenko began in the Universal Wrestling Federation (Japan) in May 1985 for 13 days. One of his most well known matches in the UWF was his tag match with Super Tiger where they faced the team of Yoshiaki Fujiwara and Osamu Kido. Malenko would then team up with his brother, Dean, in All Japan Pro Wrestling to form \"The Malenko Brothers\". Malenko would tour regularly with All Japan from February 1988 until May 1992. Malenko had two reigns as World Junior Heavyweight Champion. From late 1989 to early 1990, he teamed with Kenta Kobashi against the Can-Am Express (Dan Kroffat\n\nBertram Barney Wainer (30 December 192816 January 1987) was an Australian doctor who successfully campaigned for legal access to abortion for women in the state of Victoria. In the process he received multiple death threats from Victoria Police and survived at least three attempts on his life, including shootings and arson. He was also to uncover political and police corruption. Biography Born in Edinburgh, Scotland (his father had died before his birth), he left school at thirteen and migrated to Australia eight years later with 2s 6d in his pocket. He did many odd jobs while attending night school and later the University of Melbourne, where he obtained his medical degree in 1958. He became an army doctor in 1960 but resigned in 1966 as commander of a military hospital to go into private practice in St Kilda, Melbourne. In 1967 a young woman came to Wainer's Melbourne surgery seeking\n\nBoston By Foot is a non-profit organization offering guided architectural and historical tours of Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1976, Boston By Foot offers daily scheduled tours from May through October. Tours are conducted by a trained corps of over 200 volunteers. As of 2007, more than 210,000 residents and visitors from around the world have participated in Boston By Foot tours. Regular tours Beacon Hill Boston By Little Feet - children's tour The Dark Side of Boston The Heart of the Freedom Trail Literary Landmarks The North End Reinventing Boston: A City Engineered Road to Revolution Victorian Back Bay Lecture Series and docent training Each spring, Boston By Foot offers a six-week Lecture Series. Each Saturday session features a lecturer (experienced architects, historians, and engineers) as well as an afternoon field trip. It is open to the public and required for those wishing to become a volunteer guide. Colonial Boston\n\nQuestion: Define Bertram Wainer.", "output": "Bertram Barney Wainer was an Australian doctor who successfully campaigned for legal access to abortion for women in the state of Victoria."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "USS Amesbury (DE-66/APD-46), a of the United States Navy, was named in honor of Lieutenant (jg) Stanton Morgan Amesbury (1916\u20131942), who was killed in action while flying from the aircraft carrier during Operation Torch in 1942. Amesbury was laid down on 8 March 1943 at Hingham, Massachusetts, by the Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard; launched on 6 June 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Janet Kenney Amesbury, the widow of Lieutenant (jg.) Amesbury; and commissioned on 31 August 1943. Service history Convoy escort, 1943\u20131944 Upon the completion of her shakedown training at Bermuda and of post-shakedown availability at the Boston Navy Yard, Amesbury proceeded to Norfolk, Virginia, where, until 13 November she served as a unit of the destroyer escort (DE) pre-commissioning training detail, used for the instruction of future DE sailors. One week later, on 20 November, Amesbury commenced operation with Task Force 69 on trans-Atlantic convoy escort runs and later joined Task Group\n\nAlf\u00e2ndega da F\u00e9 () is a municipality in northeast Portugal. The population in 2011 was 5,104, in an area of 321.95 km2. History Early archaeological sites, such as Castro hill fort-settlements, can be found scattered throughout the municipality. The municipality has an origin that comes from mixed Moorish influences and Christian faith. Alfandagh, the Arabic term for this region, which means hospice, castle or frontier, or literally \"a place of calm hospitality populated by peaceful or hard-working peoples\". In a published work of Jo\u00e3o Manuel d\u2019Almeida Moraes Pessanha: \"Alf\u00e2ndega, public hospice, market likely, like the Kahn's Orient...It is a village of Arab foundation, in likely the 8th century; The Arabs maintained their nomadic lifestyle. Charmed by the conquest of Spain, they immediately molded the country according to their use and customs: a soil that many liked, a land that, many said was similar to Syria in its climate and purity\n\nElements of art are stylistic features that are included within an art piece to help the artist communicate. The seven most common elements include line, shape, texture, form, space, color and value, with the additions of mark making, and materiality. When analyzing these intentionally utilized elements, the viewer is guided towards a deeper understanding of the work. Line Lines are marks moving in a space between two points whereby a viewer can visualize the stroke movement, direction, and intention based on how the line is oriented. Lines describe an outline, capable of producing texture according to their length and curve. There are different types of lines artists may use, including, actual, implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal and contour lines, which all have different functions. Lines are also situational elements, requiring the viewer to have knowledge of the physical world in order to understand their flexibility, rigidity, synthetic nature, or life. Shape\n\nQuestion: What is Alf\u00e2ndega da F\u00e9?", "output": "Alf\u00e2ndega da F\u00e9 is a municipality in northeast Portugal."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ethel Soliven Timbol (born Ethelinda Villaflor Soliven; 22 January 1940 \u2013 September 6, 2020) was a Filipina journalist and lifestyle editor of the Manila Bulletin, published in the Philippines. She was the ninth child of Congressman Benito Soliven and Pelagia Villaflor Soliven. She was the youngest sister of journalist Maximo V. Soliven. She finished High School at St. Theresa's College in Manila. After two years of college at St. Theresa's, she left to study at the College of Mount Saint Vincent in Riverdale, New York, U.S.A. on a Knights of Columbus scholarship. She majored in English and Child Psychology. Timbol joined the Manila Bulletin in 1960, handling the police beat at the Western Police District, which at that time included then patrolman, and later Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim. Aside from her reportorial beat, she was tapped to edit the Youth section, \"The Page for the Young at Heart.\" She has\n\nDe La Salle College was an independent Roman Catholic comprehensive single-sex secondary day school for boys, located in Ashfield, an inner-western suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Established in 1916 by the De La Salle Brothers and Vincentian Fathers, the college caters to students in Year 7 to Year 12 from the inner-west Parishes of the Archdiocese of Sydney. The college is under the patronage of the Archbishop of Sydney, Anthony Fisher. De La Salle College is one of 18 Lasallian Schools in Australia, and in the 1970s became the first Catholic high school in Australia to have a lay headmaster. On 8 June 2022, it was announced that the college would amalgamate with adjacent girls' high school, Bethlehem College, and St Vincent\u2019s Primary School, due to increasing demand for co-educational schools in inner Sydney. From 2023, the new school was known as St Vincent's College and from 2027,\n\nGalleywood is a village surrounded by countryside in Essex; it is situated on the outskirts of the city of Chelmsford, about 30 miles from London. The A12 trunk road passes nearby, which connects to the M25 in London. Galleywood sits astride a Roman road running south from Chelmsford towards Vange Creek; currently, the B1007 Stock Road and B1009 Beehive Lane run through it. Galleywood was a part of the Great Baddow parish, comprising two villages or hamlets: Galleywood and Galleyend, about a mile apart. Galleywood has a population of 5,757 and has a higher percentage of retired citizens than the national average. Galleywood Common is approximately 400 yards in width and one mile in length, consisting of open fields and woodland. It also has St. Michael's Church in the woodland, which is visible for many miles around. History Galleywood dates back to early medieval times and was recorded in 1250\n\nQuestion: Who is Ethel Soliven Timbol?", "output": "Ethel Soliven Timbol was a Filipina journalist and lifestyle editor of the Manila Bulletin, published in the Philippines."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Homoranthus is a genus of about thirty species of plants in the myrtle family Myrtaceae and all are endemic to Australia. Plants in this genus share similarities with those in both Darwinia and Verticordia. They are shrubs with their leaves arranged in opposite pairs and with flowers appearing either singly or in small groups, usually in upper leaf axils. They are found in Queensland, New South Wales and South Australia. The genus was first described in 1836. None of the species is common nor are they well-known in horticulture. Description Plants in the genus Homoranthus are shrubs with their leaves arranged in opposite pairs, at right angles to the ones above and below (decussate) so that the leaves are in four rows along the stems. They are linear to cylindrical in shape, sometimes thicker than wide. The flowers are arranged singly or in groups of up to four in the\n\nLake Ouachita (Pronounced WAH-shi-tah) is a reservoir created by the damming of the Ouachita River by Blakely Mountain Dam (). Blakely Mountain Dam was built by the United States Army Corps of Engineers from 1948 to 1953 for hydroelectric power, recreation, water supply and wildlife conservation. The dam is tall, long at the crest, and is capable of 75 megawatts. The lake is located near Hot Springs, Arkansas. Lake Ouachita is the largest lake completely in Arkansas, as the larger Bull Shoals Lake extends into Missouri. Lake Ouachita has over of shoreline and over of water. It is completely surrounded by the Ouachita National Forest. Lake Ouachita is located near two other lakes, Lake Hamilton and Lake Catherine. These three lakes, DeGray Lake to the near south, and the thermal springs of Hot Springs National Park make Hot Springs a popular tourist getaway. Largemouth Bass, Small Mouth Bass, Spotted Bass,\n\nThe Wade Trophy is an award presented annually to the best upperclass women's basketball player in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I competition. It is named after three\u2013time national champion Delta State University coach Lily Margaret Wade. The award debuted in 1978 as the first\u2013ever women's national player of the year award in college basketball. State Farm Insurance sponsors the award, and the trophy is presented at the Women's Basketball Coaches Association (WBCA) National Convention. UConn has the most all-time winners with nine. Maya Moore is the only player to win the Wade Trophy three times, accomplishing the feat in 2009 (only sophomore ever to win the award), 2010 and 2011. Other multiple award winners include Nancy Lieberman (1979, 1980), Seimone Augustus (2005, 2006), Brittney Griner (2012, 2013), and fellow UConn alum Breanna Stewart (2015, 2016), and University of Oregon standout Sabrina Ionescu (2019, 2020). Baylor is in sole\n\nQuestion: What is Lake Ouachita", "output": "Lake Ouachita is a reservoir created by the damming of the Ouachita River by Blakely Mountain Dam."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A Tribute to Carl Albert is a live album by heavy metal band Vicious Rumors, released in 1995. This live album is a compilation of recordings done in 1994 during their European Tour and put together as a tribute to singer Carl Albert. Tracks 1 through 14 were recorded live, while tracks 15-17 are previously unreleased studio tracks. Track listing \"On the Edge\" \"Abandoned\" \"No Fate\" \"Ministry of Fear\" \"Digital Dictator\" \"Against the Grain\" \"The Voice\" \"Hell Razor\" \"Thunder and Rain Pt. 1\" \"Thunder and Rain Pt. 2\" \"Worlds and Machines\" \"Thinking of You\" \"Down to the Temple\" \"Don't Wait for Me\" \"My Machine\" \"Put the Blame on Me\" \"Indisintegration\" Personnel Geoff Thorpe: Guitars Mark McGee: Guitars Carl Albert: Vocals Tommy Sisco: Bass Dave Starr: Bass (on My Machine, Put the Blame on Me and Indisintegration) Larry Howe: Drums Rationale The details for the recording rationale is included into the\n\nA college (Latin: collegium) is an educational institution or a constituent part of one. A college may be a degree-awarding tertiary educational institution, a part of a collegiate or federal university, an institution offering vocational education, a further education institution, or a secondary school. In most of the world, a college may be a high school or secondary school, a college of further education, a training institution that awards trade qualifications, a higher-education provider that does not have university status (often without its own degree-awarding powers), or a constituent part of a university. In the United States, a college may offer undergraduate programs \u2013 either as an independent institution or as the undergraduate program of a university \u2013 or it may be a residential college of a university or a community college, referring to (primarily public) higher education institutions that aim to provide affordable and accessible education, usually limited to\n\nSacerdotalis caelibatus (Latin for \"Of priestly celibacy\") is an encyclical written by Pope Paul VI. Acknowledging the traditions given by the Holy Spirit to the Church in the East and acknowledging some few pastoral exceptions in the West, the encyclical explains and defends the Catholic Church's tradition of clerical celibacy in the West. The encyclical is dated 24 June 1967. Summary of the encyclical This encyclical was written in the wake of the Second Vatican Council, when the Catholic Church was examining and revising many long-held practices. Priestly celibacy is a discipline, a practice, rather than required dogma, and many at the time had expected that it might be relaxed together with some other practices. In response to these questions, the pope reaffirms the teaching as a principled, long-held practice with special importance in the Catholic Church. Discussion of arguments against priestly celibacy Paul VI begins the encyclical by considering\n\nQuestion: Define College.", "output": "A college is an educational institution or a constituent part of one."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Think Tank (1994-2010) \u2014 also known as Think Tank with Ben Wattenberg \u2014 was a discussion program that aired on Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), hosted by Ben Wattenberg. Andrew Walworth was co-creator and executive producer. The program was a co-production of New River Media and BJW Inc. In addition to its weekly half-hour broadcast, Think Tank produced a number of special editions, including The First Measured Century, a three-hour documentary series and Heaven On Earth: The Rise and Fall of Socialism (2005), a three-hour documentary series on the history of socialism, based on the book of the same title by Joshua Muravchik. The series aired from 1994 to 2010. External links Official Think Tank Page Archive of full-length episodes on video References 1994 American television series debuts 1990s American television talk shows 2000s American television talk shows 2010s American television talk shows PBS original programming 2010 American television series endings\n\nThe amphisbaena (, , or , plural: amphisbaenae; ) is a mythological, ant-eating serpent with a head at each end. The creature is alternatively called the amphisbaina, amphisbene, amphisboena, amphisbona, amphista, amfivena, amphivena, or anphivena (the last two being feminine), and is also known as the \"Mother of Ants\". Its name comes from the Greek words , meaning \"both ways\", and , meaning \"to go\". Mythology According to Greek mythology, the amphisbaena was spawned from the blood that dripped from the Gorgon Medusa's head as Perseus flew over the Libyan Desert with her head in his hand, after which Cato's army then encountered it along with other serpents on the march. Amphisbaena fed on the corpses left behind. The amphisbaena has been referred to by various poets such as Nicander, John Milton, Alexander Pope, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Alfred Tennyson, Aim\u00e9 C\u00e9saire, A. E. Housman and Allen Mandelbaum; as a mythological\n\nThe Cahuapanan languages are a language family spoken in the Amazon basin of northern Peru. They include two languages, Chayahuita and Jebero, which are spoken by more than 11,300 people. Chayahuita is spoken by most of that number, but Jebero is almost extinct. Language contact Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Kechua, Arawak, Kandoshi, Pukina, and Karib language families due to contact. Varieties Chayahuita or Chawi (also known or rendered as Balsapuertino, Cahuapa, Chayabita, Chayawita, Chayhuita, Tshaahui, Paranapura, Shayabit) Chayahuita dialect Cahuapana dialect Jebero (also known or rendered as Chebero, Xebero, Xihuila) Glottolog classifies the extinct language Maynas as close to Chawi. Other Cahuapanan varieties that are listed by Loukotka (1968): Yamorai - spoken on the Sillai River in Loreto Department Ataguate - extinct language of the same region, once spoken on the Aipena River and around Lake Atagua (unattested) Pamdabegue - once spoken on the\n\nQuestion: What is Cahuapanan languages", "output": "The Cahuapanan languages are a language family spoken in the Amazon basin of northern Peru."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The piastra was the distinct currency of the Kingdom of Sicily until 1815. In order to distinguish it from the piastra issued on the mainland Kingdom of Sicily (also known as the Kingdom of Naples), it is referred to as the \"Sicilian piastra\" as opposed to the \"Neapolitan piastra\". These two piastra were equal, but were subdivided differently. The Sicilian piastra was subdivided into 12 tar\u00ec, each of 20 grana or 120 piccoli. The oncia was worth 30 tar\u00ec (2\u00bd piastra). In 1815, a single piastra currency was introduced for the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the Two Sicilies piastra. Coins In the late 18th century, coins were circulating in denominations of 3 piccoli, 1, 2, 10 and 20 grana, 2, 3, 4 and 6 tari, 1 piastra and 1 oncia. These were struck in copper up to the 2 grana, with the higher denominations in silver. In 1801, copper\n\nHelmsdale railway station is a railway station serving the village of Helmsdale in the Highland council area, northern Scotland. It is located on the Far North Line, between Brora and Kildonan, from Inverness. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services. History The Duke of Sutherland's Railway had opened between and (near Gartymore) on 1 November 1870. Extensions of this line southward to and northward to Helmsdale were opened on 19 June 1871. The station buildings were designed by the architect William Fowler. Another company, the Sutherland and Caithness Railway (S&CR), was authorised on 13 July 1871 to take over the powers of the projected Caithness Railway and link Helmsdale with that line at , and the S&CR opened on 28 July 1874. The station master's house on the platform was abandoned in the 1980s. In 2013 it was refitted as self-catering holiday accommodation. Accidents and incidents On 29 April\n\nThe Saint-Omer Open is an annual men's professional golf tournament played at Saint-Omer Golf Club in Saint-Omer, France. The tournament was founded in 1997 and was part of the MasterCard Tour a year later, before taking its place on the Challenge Tour for the 2000 season. In 2003 it also became an official money event on the European Tour, but since it was played during the same week as the U.S. Open (one of golf's four major championships), the tour's leading players were not available to play. It had the smallest purse available on the European Tour. It was removed from the European Tour schedule in 2014 but remained on the Challenge Tour. In 2022, the event became part of the Alps Tour schedule. Winners Notes References External links Coverage on the Challenge Tour's official site Former Challenge Tour events Former European Tour events Golf tournaments in France Recurring sporting\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Sicilian piastra is.", "output": "The piastra was the distinct currency of the Kingdom of Sicily until 1815."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Club Le\u00f3n, also known as Le\u00f3n, is a Mexican professional football club based in Le\u00f3n, Guanajuato, that competes in the Liga MX, the top flight of Mexican football. Le\u00f3n has won the Primera Divisi\u00f3n de M\u00e9xico/Liga MX title eight times in 1948, 1949, 1952, 1956, 1992, the Apertura in 2013, the Clausura in 2014, and the Apertura in 2020. After winning the League and the M\u00e9xico Cup in 1949, it became the first Mexican campeon\u00edsimo. Le\u00f3n finished as runners-up for the CONCACAF Champions' Cup in 1993 and won the competition (renamed the Champions League) in 2023 against Los Angeles FC. The team were relegated to the Liga de Ascenso in 2002 and were a consistent contender for promotion, but failed to advance in the playoffs. Le\u00f3n were promoted in the Clasura 2012 and won the Liga MX's Apertura 2013. They defended their league championship in Clausura 2014, earning them the\n\nLazarus Eitaro Salii (17 November 1936 \u2013 20 August 1988) was a politician from Palau. He served as the second elected President of Palau from 25 October 1985 until his death by suicide on 20 August 1988, amid bribery allegations. Salii was elected to the Senate of Micronesian Congress. He was involved in the Palau Constitutional Convention of 1978. After the Constitution took effect in 1981, he became an ambassador. As ambassador, he was given wide-ranging authority to negotiate with the U.S. ambassador. He was ambassador until 1984, when he became a senator, representing Koror in the Palau National Congress. When President Haruo Remeliik was assassinated on 30 June 1985, Salii was elected in August to finish his term of office (although Thomas Remengesau and then Alfonso Oiterong served in the interim). Following his suicide by gunshot in 1988, he was succeeded by Vice President Remengesau as president for the\n\nCourchavon is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. History Courchavon is first mentioned in 1279 as Corchavon. Geography Courchavon has an area of . Of this area, or 30.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 60.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 7.6% is settled (buildings or roads), or 1.0% is either rivers or lakes and or 1.6% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 2.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.7%. Out of the forested land, 59.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 12.8% is used for growing crops and 16.6% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The municipality is located in the Porrentruy district, on the left bank\n\nQuestion: What is Courchavon", "output": "Courchavon is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\u017dalgiris Stadium () was a multi-purpose stadium in \u017dirm\u016bnai elderate of Vilnius, Lithuania. The stadium held 15,029 and was the largest in Lithuania until its demolition. It had been built on the desecrated graves of Jews interred in the Old Jewish Cemetery under the stadium. It was named after the Battle of Grunwald and was rebuilt by the German POWs after World War II and finished in 1950 (the stadium existed already before World War II and was used by Pogo\u0144 Wilno; in 1936 the Polish athletics championships were held at the stadium). After independence it was used by the Lithuania national football team, but later it lost its meaning as the national stadium and all the international football matches were played either at Darius and Gir\u0117nas Stadium in Kaunas or at the renovated LFF Stadium in Vilnius. In 2015, the stadium was sold to Lithuanian real estate company Hanner\n\nThe Autshumato Anti-Aircraft Regiment (formerly the Cape Garrison Artillery) is a reserve air defence artillery regiment of the South African Army. Cape Garrison Artillery (1st) The original regiment had a fragmented history: 1879-1899 A new unit, called the Cape Town Volunteer Engineers was formed in the Cape Colonial Forces in 1879. It served in the Transkei campaign in 1880 and 1881. In 1889, it added a coast artillery company, and the title was later changed to Garrison Artillery & Engineer Volunteer Corps. Engineering was discontinued in 1896, and the title was then changed to Cape Garrison Artillery. The commanding officer of the unit at that time was Major le Vicomte de Montfort. The Regiment had an authorised strength of 320 men and was trained by the Royal Garrison Artillery. In 1898 the CGA was changed to a partially paid unit and thus lost its volunteer status. 1899-1902 The CGA was\n\nKUAR (89.1 MHz \"FM 89\") is a public radio station in Little Rock, Arkansas. It is a network affiliate of National Public Radio (NPR) and is licensed to the University of Arkansas at Little Rock. During the day, KUAR airs NPR news, talk and information programming as well as Arkansas news and culture. At night, the station airs jazz music. Programming is simulcast on a translator station, 94.5 K233AD in Monticello. KUAR's transmitter shares the tower of Channel 7 KATV, on Two Towers Road in Little Rock. KLRE-FM (90.5 MHz \"Classical 90.5\") is also a public radio station in Little Rock, licensed to the University of Arkansas at Little Rock. KLRE is a full-time classical music station, airing syndicated classical programming from Classical 24 and NPR, along with some local hosts. KLRE's transmitter is on the campus of Metropolitan High School, off Scott Hamilton Drive. The two stations have studios\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Autshumato Anti-Aircraft Regiment is.", "output": "The Autshumato Anti-Aircraft Regiment is a reserve air defence artillery regiment of the South African Army."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The fauna of Madagascar is a part of the wildlife of Madagascar. Madagascar has been an isolated island for about 70 million years, breaking away from Africa around 165 million years ago, then from India nearly 100 million years later. This isolation led to the development of a unique endemic fauna. Before humans arrived about 2,000 years ago, there were many large and unusual animals living there, descended from species that were originally present when Madagascar became an island, or from species that later crossed the sea to Madagascar. Ecological niches were often filled by animals with quite different histories from those on the African mainland, often leading to convergent evolution. A large proportion of these endemic Malagasy animals have died out since the arrival of humans, most particularly the megafauna. Despite this, and massive deforestation, Madagascar is still home to an incredible array of wildlife, the vast majority of\n\nJuan de Fuca Provincial Park is a provincial park located on the west coast of Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. The park was established on April 4, 1996 by combining three former parks - China Beach, Loss Creek, and Botanical Beach - into one provincial park. It is the location of the majority of the Juan de Fuca Marine Trail, which is a southern compliment to the West Coast Trail within Pacific Rim National Park Reserve. History The region was recognized as biologically significant, and Josephine Tilden of the University of Minnesota installed the first marine research station in the Pacific Northwest at Botanical Beach in 1901. The University of Minnesota maintained a research station here for five years, but they left in 1906. Conway MacMillan resigned from the University of Minnesota after the university refused to take ownership of land in a different country. After the departure of\n\nChauff\u00e9 \u00e0 bloc is an EP by Canadian rock band Big Sugar, released on July 27, 1999. The title translates literally to \"Block Heating\" in English and is similar to the expression \"All Heated Up.\" In 1996, Big Sugar decided to record a French language version of the single \"Open Up Baby\", from the album Hemi-Vision, for radio airplay in Quebec. The experiment was successful, and following the released of 1998's Heated, the band recorded a French rendition of each single released from that album, as well as a French-only cover of Gilles Valiquette's 1973 hit \"Je suis cool\". Chauff\u00e9 \u00e0 bloc collects all five of the French songs. For their next album, 2001's Brothers and Sisters, Are You Ready?, the band recorded the entire album in both English and French, and simultaneously released both versions as separate albums. The French recording was titled Brothers and Sisters, \u00cates Vous Ready?.\n\nQuestion: What is Juan de Fuca Provincial Park", "output": "Juan de Fuca Provincial Park is a provincial park located on the west coast of Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lords of Madness is an official supplement for the 3.5 edition of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game. Contents The book includes new content for aberrations including new aberration monsters and monsters related to them, and information on how to hunt aberrations. It is split into the following chapters: \"What Is an Aberration?\": Defines what characteristics make a creature an aberration, and how these creatures originated. Also provides details on how to run a campaign based on aberrations. \"The Deep Masters\": Provides information on the aboleth, including their anatomy, variant creatures, a prestige class called the Savant, feats, and magic. \"The Eye Tyrants\": Provides information on the beholder, including their anatomy, variant creatures, a prestige class called the Beholder Mage, feats, and magic. \"The Mind Flayers\": Provides information on the illithid, including their anatomy, variant creatures, and magic. \"The Slave Takers\": Provides information on the neogi, including different types\n\nThe Stoke-on-Trent Regional College of Art was one of three colleges that were merged in 1971 to form North Staffordshire Polytechnic (later renamed as Staffordshire Polytechnic and now Staffordshire University). The College of Art achieved Regional Art College status after the Second World War, but its roots lay in the nineteenth century as it was formed from three of the Potteries\u00b4 art schools. Although the six towns which make up Stoke-on-Trent were a relatively small conurbation, each had its own art school: those at Fenton, Hanley and Tunstall had closed by the time the Regional College of Art was created, leaving Burslem, Longton and Stoke. Burslem Burslem School of Art was perhaps the best known art school in the Potteries. It was provided with a fine building in 1905. Burslem continued to be the home of the Department of Fine Art for some years after the formation of North Staffordshire\n\n\"Cocaine Blues\" is a Western swing song written by Troy Junius Arnall, a reworking of the traditional song \"Little Sadie.\" Roy Hogsed recorded a well known version of the song in 1947. Background The song is the tale of a man, Willy Lee, who murders his unfaithful girlfriend while under the influence of whiskey and cocaine. He flees to Mexico and works as a musician to fund his continued drug use. Willy is apprehended by a sheriff from Jericho Hill, tried, and promptly sentenced to \"ninety-nine years in the San Quentin Pen\". The song ends with Willy imploring the listener: Early recordings Lyrically based upon the turn of the century, traditional, folk song \"Little Sadie\", the popular version of this song was originally recorded by W. A. Nichol's Western Aces (vocal by \"Red\" Arnall) on the S & G label, probably in 1947, and by Roy Hogsed and the Rainbow\n\nQuestion: What's Lords of Madness?", "output": "Lords of Madness is an official supplement for the 3.5 edition of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Warcon Enterprises was a New York City based independent record label focusing on mostly post-hardcore, started by Bob Chiappardi of Concrete Marketing and Kevin Lyman, the founder of Warped Tour, in 2004. Warcon was a sponsor of the Rockstar Taste of Chaos tour. Warcon was distributed through Alternative Distribution Alliance and Fontana Distribution, and operated as the distributor of UK label Demolition Records in the United States starting in August 2006. Warcon signed contracts with artists which included integration of merchandise and marketing along with distribution of albums. Among its signatories were Helmet and My American Heart. It also released the soundtrack to the film Saw III. Warcon Enterprises closed its doors in late 2008. There were several attempts to re-finance the label which failed. Jim Chambers (GM), Stu Fine (President), Kyle Roeger (Head of new Media), and Hadley Poole (Head of PR/Video) were all that were left in the\n\nOdontochilus is a small genus from the orchid family (Orchidaceae). These terrestrial, mycoparasitic orchids occur from China, Japan, the Himalayas, Southeast Asia, New Guinea and Melanesia. The genus is related to Gonatostylis, endemic to New Caledonia. Species Species accepted as of June 2014: Odontochilus acalcaratus (Aver.) Ormerod (2002). - southern Vietnam Odontochilus asraoa (J.Joseph & Abbar.) Ormerod (2005) - India, Nepal, Bhutan Odontochilus brevistylus Hook.f., (1890) - Tibet, Yunnan, Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam Odontochilus clarkei Hook.f. (1890) - India, Bhutan, Assam, Tibet, Myanmar Odontochilus crispus (Lindl.) Hook.f. (1890) - India, Bhutan, Assam, Tibet, Myanmar, Yunnan Odontochilus degeneri L.O.Williams (1942) - Fiji Odontochilus duplex (Holttum) Ormerod (2005) - Thailand, Malaysia Odontochilus elwesii C.B.Clarke ex Hook.f. (1890) - India, Bhutan, Assam, Tibet, Myanmar, Taiwan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan Odontochilus grandiflorus (Lindl.) Hook.f. (1890) - Bhutan, Assam Odontochilus guangdongensis S.C.Chen, S.W.Gale & P.J.Cribb (2009) - Guangdong, Hunan Odontochilus hasseltii (Blume) J.J.Wood (2011) - Borneo,\n\n\u015acinawa () is a town and municipality on the Oder river in the Lower Silesian region of Poland. The \u015acinawa train station is a key gateway for travel throughout the region, connecting major destinations such as Wroc\u0142aw and G\u0142og\u00f3w. As of 2019, the town's population is 5,582. Between 1975 and 1998, \u015acinawa was in Legnica Voivodeship. It is now part of Lubin County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, and is the seat of the municipality called Gmina \u015acinawa. History \u015acinawa was first documented as a possession of the newly established Trzebnica Abbey in a deed issued by Pope Innocent III, which dates back to 1202, when it was part of fragmented Poland. Town privileges were first granted between 1248 and 1259 by Konrad I, Duke of G\u0142og\u00f3w. The town church of St John's was first constructed in 1209. After the partition of the Duchy of G\u0142og\u00f3w by Konrad's sons in 1273,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Warcon Enterprises is.", "output": "Warcon Enterprises was a New York City based independent record label focusing on mostly post-hardcore, started by Bob Chiappardi of Concrete Marketing and Kevin Lyman, the founder of Warped Tour, in 2004."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "B\u00e9la Viktor J\u00e1nos Bart\u00f3k (; ; 25 March 1881 \u2013 26 September 1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist, and ethnomusicologist. He is considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century; he and Franz Liszt are regarded as Hungary's greatest composers. Through his collection and analytical study of folk music, he was one of the founders of comparative musicology, which later became known as ethnomusicology. Biography Childhood and early years (1881\u20131898) Bart\u00f3k was born in the Banatian town of Nagyszentmikl\u00f3s in the Kingdom of Hungary (present-day S\u00e2nnicolau Mare, Romania) on 25 March 1881. On his father's side, the Bart\u00f3k family was a Hungarian lower noble family, originating from Borsodszir\u00e1k, Borsod. His paternal grandmother was a Catholic of Bunjevci origin, but considered herself Hungarian. Bart\u00f3k's father (1855\u20131888) was also named B\u00e9la. Bart\u00f3k's mother, Paula (n\u00e9e Voit) (1857\u20131939), also spoke Hungarian fluently. A native of Tur\u00f3cszentm\u00e1rton (present-day Martin, Slovakia), she\n\nTerence Michael Mackenroth (16 July 1949 \u2013 30 April 2018) was an Australian politician from Queensland, who was a member of the Labor Party. He served almost 28 years with a notable parliamentary service history and a number of ministerial roles including Treasurer and Deputy Premier. Early life Prior to his entry into politics, Mackenroth was principal in a steel fabrication and building company. Political career Mackenroth was first elected on 12 November 1977 in the southern Brisbane seat of Chatsworth. Mackenroth was Minister for Police and Emergency Services and Leader of the House from 7 December 1989 to 10 December 1991, then Minister for Housing and Local Government until the Goss government lost power on 19 February 1996. While in opposition, Mackenroth was Shadow Minister for Housing, Local Government and Planning, Communication and Information from 17 December 1996 to 26 June 1998. On 3 November 1995, Mackenroth opened the\n\nGuy Charbonneau (June 21, 1922 \u2013 January 18, 1998) was a Canadian senator who was the longest serving Speaker of the Canadian Senate, serving from 1984 to 1993. During his tenure, amendments to the Standing Orders of the Senate extended the powers of the speaker. Chabonneau was born in Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Quebec. He received his Bachelor of Arts from the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, and pursued further studies in economics at McGill University. He served during World War II in the Royal Canadian Air Force. After being demobilized, he joined the insurance industry. He rose to the position of vice-president and director of Peerless Insurance Agencies in 1948. He became president in 1963. He later served as chief executive officer of the firm of Charbonneau, Dulude and Associates Ltd., Insurance Brokers, and became a limited partner in the Mer Banco Group of Calgary. Charbonneau served on the board of directors of Canadian\n\nQuestion: Who was Terry Mackenroth?", "output": "Terence Michael Mackenroth was an Australian politician from Queensland, who was a member of the Labor Party."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Robert Norman \"Punk\" Berryman (May 18, 1892 \u2013 May 18, 1966) was an American football player and coach. He played as a halfback at Pennsylvania State University and was selected as third-team All-American in 1915, his senior year. Berryman served as the head football coach at Gettysburg College in 1916 and at Lafayette College in 1917. He was subsequently an assistant football coach at the University of Iowa and Dickinson College. Berryman served as the head basketball coach at Iowa State University during the 1919\u201320 season; his team finished the season with an overall record of 6\u201312, placing seventh in the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association with a conference mark of 2\u201310. In 1922 and 1923 Berryman was an assistant coach at Colgate University under fellow Penn State alumnus, Dick Harlow. In 1924, he coached the Frankford Yellow Jackets, newly enfranchised to the National Football League (NFL), to a record\n\nA main battery is the primary weapon or group of weapons around which a warship is designed. As such, a main battery was historically a gun or group of guns, as in the broadsides of cannon on a ship of the line. Later, this came to be turreted groups of similar large-caliber naval rifles. With the evolution of technology the term has come to encompass guided missiles as a vessel's principal offensive weapon, deployed both on surface ships and submarines. A main battery features common parts, ammunition, and fire control across the weapons which it comprises. Description In the age of cannon at sea, the main battery was the principal group of weapons around which a ship was designed, usually its heavies. With the coming of naval rifles and subsequent revolving gun turrets, the main battery became the principal group of heaviest guns, regardless of how many turrets they were\n\nKwun Tong Road () is a major thoroughfare in Kwun Tong District, New Kowloon, Hong Kong. Location Kwun Tong Road starts at the junction with Prince Edward Road East, Clear Water Bay Road and Lung Cheung Road in Ngau Chi Wan. It runs along the coast of Kwun Tong before reclamation, spans south in Ngau Tau Kok and Kwun Tong, and ends at a junction with Tsui Ping Road, where it is succeeded by Lei Yue Mun Road. Kwun Tong Road is a section of Route 7. Kwun Tong Road runs through the areas around Kwun Tong Bypass, Kai Yip Estate, the ex-premise of St. Joseph's Anglo-Chinese School, Kowloon Bay station, Lower Ngau Tau Kok Estate, Ting Fu Street, Ngau Tau Kok station, Millennium City, apm Millennium City 5 shopping mall, the roundabout with Hip Wo Street and Hoi Yuen Road beneath Kwun Tong station of MTR, and Bus Terminus.\n\nQuestion: What is Kwun Tong Road?", "output": "Kwun Tong Road is a major thoroughfare in Kwun Tong District, New Kowloon, Hong Kong."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The DYMO routing protocol is successor to the popular Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing protocol and shares many of its benefits. It is, however, slightly easier to implement and designed with future enhancements in mind. DYMO can work as both a pro-active and as a reactive routing protocol, i.e. routes can be discovered just when they are needed. In any way, to discover new routes the following two steps take place: A special \"Route Request\" (RREQ) messages is broadcast through the MANET. Each RREQ keeps an ordered list of all nodes it passed through, so every host receiving an RREQ message can immediately record a route back to the origin of this message. When an RREQ message arrives at its destination, a \"Routing Reply\" (RREP) message will immediately be passed back to the origin, indicating that a route to the destination was found. On its way back to\n\nAmansie West District is one of the forty-three districts in Ashanti Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988, which it was created from the former Amansie District Council. On 15 March 2018, the southern part of the district was split off to create Amansie South District; thus the remaining part has been retained as Amansie West District. The district assembly is located in the southern part of Ashanti Region and has Manso Nkwanta as its capital town. Background It covers an area of 1,364 square kilometers and has a population of 144,104 according to the 2010 census. Aside from its capital, the main settlements in the district include Mpatuam, Pakyi No. 1, Antoakrom and Esuowin. There are 4 main ethnic groups in the district: the largest group of people is the Akans (86.4%), with three other smaller groups the Northerners (9.7%), the Ewe (3.6%) and the\n\nArmy of Darkness is a 1992 American dark fantasy horror comedy film directed, co-written, and co-edited by Sam Raimi. The film is the third installment in the Evil Dead film series and the sequel to Evil Dead II (1987). Starring Bruce Campbell and Embeth Davidtz, it follows Ash Williams (Campbell) as he is trapped in the Middle Ages and battles the undead in his quest to return to the present. The film was produced as part of a production deal with Universal Pictures after the financial success of Darkman (1990). Filming took place in California in 1991. The makeup and creature effects for the film were handled by two different companies: Tony Gardner and his company Alterian, Inc. were responsible for the makeup effects for Ash and Sheila, while Kurtzman, Nicotero & Berger EFX Group was credited for the remaining special makeup effects characters. Tom Sullivan, who had previously worked\n\nQuestion: What is Army of Darkness?", "output": "Army of Darkness is a 1992 American dark fantasy horror comedy film directed, co-written, and co-edited by Sam Raimi."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Marques Haynes (March 10, 1926 \u2013 May 22, 2015) was an American professional basketball player and member of the Harlem Globetrotters, notable for his ability to dribble the ball and keep it away from defenders. According to the 1988 film Harlem Globetrotters: Six Decades of Magic, Haynes could dribble the ball as many as 348 times a minute. Early playing days As a child, Haynes learned to dribble a basketball in the dirt yard of his home. A native of Sand Springs, Oklahoma, he attended Booker T. Washington High School and received a $25 church scholarship to play basketball for Langston University, where he attended from 1942 to 1946. During his time with the Langston Lions, the team racked up a winning record of 112\u20133, including a 59-game winning streak. In a February 1945 conference tournament game, Haynes showed off his dribbling skills for more than two minutes, running down\n\nThe following is a list of governors of the Mexican state of Jalisco from 1821. The current Constitution indicates a term of six years in length, which cannot be renewed under any circumstances. It also stipulates the qualifications for becoming governor: a Mexican citizen by birth, at least 30 years of age, and a resident of Jalisco for at least five years prior to election. Elections are held concurrently with presidential elections. List of governors Rulers of the Province of Nueva Galicia during Independent Mexico (1821\u20131823) Rulers of the State of Jalisco during Independent Mexico (1823\u20131836) Governors of Jalisco, Centralism and Federalism (1836\u20131857) Rulers of Jalisco during the Reform and the Second Empire, until the Restored Republic (1857\u20131867) Governors of Jalisco since the Restored Republic until 1877 (1867\u20131877) Governors of the State of Jalisco during the Porfiriato (1877\u20131911) Governors of the State of Jalisco during the Mexican Revolution (1911\u20131920) Governors\n\nMiriodor is a Canadian musical group in the genre of Rock in Opposition; the band combines jazz, progressive rock and chamber music into a powerful sound reminiscent of artists like Univers Z\u00e9ro or Art Zoyd. History Miriodor was founded by Fran\u00e7ois \u00c9mond and Pascal Globensky in 1980. By 1983 the band consisted of \u00c9mond (violin, flute, keyboards, clarinet), Globensky (keyboards, acoustic guitar), R\u00e9mi Leclerc (percussion), Sabin Hudon (saxophone), Denis Robitaille (guitar, bass, vocals) and Marc Petitclerc (keyboards). In 1986, this line-up independently released the album Rencontres. In 1984, \u00c9mond, Globensky, Leclerc and Hudon moved to Montreal, and began recording. One song, \u201cMiddle Ages\u201d, appeared in the audio magazine R\u0113R Quarterly. In 1987, they independently released two albums: Tot Ou Tard and Metam Orpho Sis. \u00c9mond left the band in 1987. In 1988, the band was signed by Cuneiform Records and recorded the album Miriodor, which included many of their previously-published\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Governor of Jalisco is.", "output": "The following is a list of governors of the Mexican state of Jalisco from 1821."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gyposaurus (meaning \"vulture lizard\", referring to the outdated hypothesis that prosauropods were carnivores) is a genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the early Jurassic of South Africa. It is usually considered to represent juveniles of other prosauropods, but \"G.\" sinensis is regarded as a possibly valid species. Taxonomy G. capensis was named in 1911 by Scottish physician and paleontologist Robert Broom from a partial skeleton consisting of eleven dorsal and six caudal vertebrae, ribs, gastralia, partial right scapula, right pelvic girdle, left ilium, and most of the right leg, discovered in the Upper Elliot Formation of Orange Free State, South Africa. Originally, he thought the specimen belonged to the dubious genus Hortalotarsus. Galton and Cluver placed it in the genus Anchisaurus in 1976, but Michael Cooper synonymized it with Massospondylus in 1981, which has been generally accepted. \"G.\" sinensis was named by Yang Zhongjian (C.C. Young) in 1941 for four\n\nKingsmill is a geographic area in James City County, Virginia, that includes a large planned residential community, a resort complex, a theme park, a brewery, and a commercial park. The Kingsmill area is between the north bank of the James River just east (downstream) of the site where the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown was established in 1607 and Interstate Highway 64. Highway access to most of the area's businesses and attractions is from U.S. Route 60 between the eastern city limits of Williamsburg and the adjacent community of Grove, or from Virginia State Route 199, which forms a semi-circular beltway of sorts around Williamsburg's southern side. History Kingsmill Plantation A prominent member of the Virginia Company, Richard Kingsmill, became the namesake of the Kingsmill Plantation. The Virginia Company was a for-profit organization chartered in England which was charged with the founding and settlement of Virginia\n\nThe General Federation of Workers Trade Unions in Bahrain(Formerly known as the General Committee for Bahrain Workers) (Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646) (GFWTUB) is a national trade union federation in Bahrain. It was established in 2002, by the Workers Trade Union Law granting workers the right to organize collectively. The General Federation of Workers Trade Unions in Bahrain represents 80 unions and 25,000 members. To date, there have been 57 trade unions in Bahrain, of which 6 are in the public sector. It is an affiliate of both the International Trade Union Confederation and the International Confederation of Arab Trade Unions. History The establishment of the Federation was part of a number of key labour reforms introduced under the Minister of Labour, Majeed Al Alawi. The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions' Annual Survey 2005 highlighted: \"Bahrain, a bright spot in an otherwise dismal landscape of persistent labour rights\n\nQuestion: What is Gyposaurus?", "output": "Gyposaurus is a genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the early Jurassic of South Africa."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Etchemin was a language of the Algonquian language family, spoken in early colonial times on the coast of Maine. The word Etchemin is thought to be either French alteration of an Algonquian word for 'canoe' or a translation of Skidijn, the native word for people in use by the inhabitants of the St. John, Passamaquoddy and St. Croix Rivers. The only known record of the Etchemin language is a list of the numbers from one to ten recorded by Marc Lescarbot in the early 17th century and published in his book The History of New France (1609). The numerals in the list match those of Malecite-Passamaquoddy, Eastern Abenaki, as well as languages of southern New England such as Wampanoag, but as a set they do not match any other Algonquian language. The Etchemin language disappeared not long after Lescarbot's visit, and it is unknown what became of the tribe. All\n\nCarrsville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Isle of Wight County in the Hampton Roads region of southeastern Virginia in the United States. The population as of the 2010 Census was 359. The town is named for Jesse Carr, whose family had long roots in Isle of Wight County. Jesse Carr died in the place that would later bear his name. Carrsville was located on the Portsmouth and Roanoke Railroad, built through the area in the mid-1830s to provide a link between the Roanoke River and the port areas of Norfolk and Portsmouth. The railroad is now part of CSX Transportation. History According to Civil War Encyclopedia, on November 17, 1862, 150 Union soldiers encountered and fought with 400 Confederate cavalry between Carrsville and Holland's corners. No casualties were reported. In May, 1862, Union forces controlled Norfolk and Portsmouth, Virginia. The Union army had a garrison at Suffolk, fifteen miles\n\nChicken Soup with Barley is a 1956 play by British playwright Arnold Wesker. It is the first of the 'Wesker trilogy' \u2013 being followed by Roots and I'm Talking About Jerusalem \u2013 and was first performed on stage in 1958 at the Belgrade Theatre in Coventry, transferring later that year to the Royal Court Theatre in London. It is considered to be an important play in the history of post-war British theatre, and one of the few English plays with a sympathetic portrayal of a communist family. The play is split into three acts, each with two scenes. It spans 20 years of the lives of the Jewish, immigrant Kahn family living in 1936 in London, and traces the downfall of their ideals in a changing world, parallel to the disintegration of the family. The protagonists are the parents, Sarah and Harry, and their children, Ada and Ronnie. They are\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Carrsville, Virginia is.", "output": "Carrsville is a census-designated place in Isle of Wight County in the Hampton Roads region of southeastern Virginia in the United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "ART.Welten is an Austrian association for independent artists. It was founded in 2005 by Monja Art, an Austrian film-maker and author, with the stated goal of being a place for artists to meet connected only by the \"love of art\". ART.Welten focuses on the spreading of non-mainstream art, especially that which is of queer-interest or opposes to discrimination due to race, religion, sexual orientation, or disability. History and current status History While working on her first feature Anemonis, Monja Art founded the association ART.Welten with the two filmmakers and journalists Caroline Bobek and Patrick Dorner. Other founding members were Miha Veingerl and Bernhard Art. Current status ART.Welten has elected a new directorate. Monja Art is president, Caroline Bobek is deputy president. Both were accepted at the Filmacademy Vienna. Antonia Barboric, Miha Veingerl, Patrick Dorner and Bernhard Art remain as members of the directorate. Completed ART.Welten projects Feature film Anemonis (Monja\n\nThe National Business Aviation Association (NBAA) is a non-profit, 501(c)(6) organization based in Washington, DC, United States. The association serves a membership of individuals and companies involved in private business aviation. NBAA's mission, according to the non-profit data and transparency organization GuideStar, is: \"to foster an environment that allows business aviation to thrive in the United States and around the world.\" Overview As noted on NBAA's website: \"Founded in 1947, the National Business Aviation Association collects, interprets and disseminates operational and managerial data related to the safe, efficient and cost-effective use of business aircraft.\" \"The Association is the focal point for identifying and understanding advances in technology and procedures important to the business aviation community.\" Surpassing the 11,000-member mark in 2016, NBAA represents the business aviation industry's access to airports and airspace. Other work performed by NBAA on behalf of the industry includes safety and security, international operations, and certification\n\nSleepaway Camp III: Teenage Wasteland (released as Nightmare Vacation III in the United Kingdom) is a 1989 American slasher film and the third installment in the Sleepaway Camp film series. Written by Fritz Gordon and directed by Michael A. Simpson, it stars Pamela Springsteen as Angela, Tracy Griffith, Mark Oliver, and Michael J. Pollard. Taking place one year after the events in the previous film, it again follows the same transgender serial killer, Angela, who is targeting more teenagers at another summer camp. A fourth film called Sleepaway Camp IV: The Survivor was intended to be released in 1992, but production stopped after the company went bankrupt upon shooting less than forty minutes (which was followed by a DVD release of the footage and one of a cobbled together cut). In 2008, Return to Sleepaway Camp (2008), a direct sequel to the original film was released. Plot One year after\n\nQuestion: Define ART.Welten.", "output": "ART.Welten is an Austrian association for independent artists."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "An airport authority is an independent entity charged with the operation and oversight of an airport or group of airports. These authorities are often governed by a group of airport commissioners, who are appointed to lead the authority by a government official. When the authority of an entity encompasses more than just the airports in an area, harbor and rail facilities for example, the entity may be referred to as a port authority. The Airports Council International is the world trade association of airport authorities. In Canada, airport authorities usually refer to private (not government owned or affiliated) not-for-profit companies that are established to manage a city's commercial airports. Examples of airport authorities overseeing multiple airports Canada Edmonton Airports Edmonton International Airport Edmonton/Villeneuve Airport France A\u00e9roports de Paris Manages 14 airports near Paris Spain AENA Manages 46 airports and 2 heliports in Spain Hong Kong Airport Authority Hong Kong Hong\n\nNewton under Roseberry is a village in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is on the A173, between Great Ayton and Guisborough and is close to the base of Roseberry Topping. The village is situated near the edge of the North York Moors National Park, and also close to the border of Redcar and Cleveland with Middlesbrough and the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire. In popular culture A reference to Newton under Roseberry was featured in the folk-rock group America's \"Hat Trick\" from the Hat Trick album. The exact lyric stanza is: Newton-Under-Roseberry-Topping And it's cold and it's wet And you feel like you're part of all time Religion The Anglican church of St Oswald's is a Grade II* listed building, with an Anglo-Saxon carving. References External links Villages in North Yorkshire Places in the Tees Valley Redcar and Cleveland Guisborough\n\nJerome Barkum (born July 18, 1950) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver and tight end for 12 years with the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Jets out of Jackson State University with the 9th overall pick in the first round of the 1972 NFL Draft. In 1973, he was selected to the Pro Bowl as a WR. His biggest catch in the NFL was made in Shea Stadium in a 1981 clash against the Miami Dolphins in the last seconds of the game to lift the Jets to victory 16-15. The Jets made the playoffs that year for the first time since their loss to the Kansas City Chiefs in 1969. Barkum was also a part of the Jets team in the 1982 season that made it to that year's AFC Championship. In 2013 Jerome\n\nQuestion: Who is Jerome Barkum?", "output": "Jerome Barkum is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver and tight end for 12 years with the New York Jets of the National Football League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Manfred Stohl (born 7 July 1972, in Vienna) is an Austrian rally driver who debuted in the World Rally Championship in 1991. Stohl's co-driver is fellow Austrian Ilka Minor. Career Stohl ventured into rallying following the career path of his father Rudi Stohl. Stohl's first professional rally was the 1991 Rallye C\u00f4te d'Ivoire Bandama, driving an Audi 90 Quattro with Kay Gerlach as his co-driver. He took his first World Rally Championship points by finishing seventh in the same event the following year. After several more privateer entries in the WRC, Stohl got a contract with Team Mitsubishi Ralliart Germany to compete in the FIA Cup for Drivers of Production Cars (now the Production World Rally Championship) driving a Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution. He finished third in the championship in 1997, second in 1998 and fourth in 1999, before winning the title in 2000 ahead of defending champion Gustavo Trelles. Progressing\n\nNannup is a town in the South West region of Western Australia, approximately south of Perth on the Blackwood River at the crossroads of Vasse Highway and Brockman Highway; the highways link Nannup to most of the lower South West's regional centres. At the 2011 census, Nannup had a population of 587. The town is the seat of the Shire of Nannup. History Nannup's name is of Noongar origin, meaning either \"stopping place\" or \"place of parrots\", and was first recorded by surveyors in the 1860s. The area was at one point known as \"Lower Blackwood\", and the first European settler to explore it was Thomas Turner in 1834. In 1866, a bridge was built over the river and a police station was established. A townsite was set aside in 1885, surveyed in 1889 and gazetted on 9 January 1890. In 1906, a primary school and shire office were built.\n\nTruro City Football Club () is an English football club based in Truro, Cornwall. They compete in the National League South, at the sixth tier of the English football league system. They are the highest ranked club from Cornwall. The club had previously played in what was known as the Conference South in 2011, following five promotions in six seasons. They were relegated at the end of the 2012\u201313 season after going into administration, but returned to that level, now known as the National League South, in 2015, before being relegated back to the Southern League in 2019. They were founding members of the South Western League in 1951 and won the title five times in their history. Apart from a three-season spell in the 1970s, when they played in the Cornwall Combination after losing their ground as part of a by-pass development, they remained in the South Western League\n\nQuestion: Define Nannup, Western Australia.", "output": "Nannup is a town in the South West region of Western Australia, approximately  south of Perth on the Blackwood River at the crossroads of Vasse Highway and Brockman Highway; the highways link Nannup to most of the lower South West's regional centres."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Paranoid: A Chant\" is a 100-line poem by Stephen King originally published in the 1985 short story collection Skeleton Crew. Synopsis The poem is a first-person narrative from the diary of a person with paranoid schizophrenia, the character complains of persecution from \"the old woman in the room above\" who \"has put an electric suction cup on the floor...\" \"the waitress says it was salt, but I know arsenic when it's put before me...\" and many more horrors. When he is served food with mustard he thinks it is \"to mask the bitter odor of almonds,\" presumably a reference to cyanide. According to the poem, the victim has amassed \"500 notebooks with 500 pages in each one\" and records all the wrongs done unto him in the books. He thinks that his enemies are part of a massive government conspiracy and mentions the FBI and the CIA. He is also\n\nLo-Fidelity Records is a record label founded in 2002 by Jeffrey Kotthoff Based in North Aurora, Illinois, Lo-Fidelity specializes in limited edition releases, special edition reissues, and DVDs for artists. Artists The following have released albums (CD, vinyl) or DVDs through Lo-Fidelity. The 77s Adam Again Derri Daugherty The Lost Dogs at the close of every day Terry Scott Taylor Bill Mallonee & Vigilantes of Love Michael Roe Kerosene Halo Chris Taylor Label catalog Adam Again - Ten Songs By Adam Again, Re-Release (2002) The Lost Dogs - Green Room Serenade, Part Tour (2002) Terry Scott Taylor - Songs for the Day After Christmas (2002) Derri Daugherty - A Few Unfinished Songs EP (2003) The Lost Dogs - The Lost Dogs... Via Chicago DVD (2003) Bill Mallonee & Vigilantes of Love - Need To Bleed EP (2003) at the close of every day - The Silja Symphony Limited Edition Vinyl\n\nArthur Peabody (November 16, 1858 \u2013 September 6, 1942) was the campus architect for the University of Wisconsin from 1905 to 1915 and the state architect of Wisconsin from 1915 to 1938. Peabody was born in Eau Claire, Wisconsin. He graduated from the University of Illinois in 1882. He designed or directed a number of Madison landmarks, including the Wisconsin State Office Building and the University of Wisconsin Memorial Union. He died in Madison, Wisconsin on September 6, 1942. Buildings designed or overseen University Club, UW-Madison 803 State Street (1905-1906) Hydraulics Laboratory, UW-Madison, now the Water Science and Engineering Laboratory, 660 N. Park Street (1906) additions to Bascom Hall, UW-Madison, 500 Lincoln Drive (1906-1907, and 1924) Old Agronomy Building, UW-Madison, now Agricultural Journalism, 440 Henry Mall (1907) Agricultural Engineering Building, UW-Madison, 460 Henry Mall (1907) Stock Pavilion, UW-Madison, 1675 Linden Drive (1908) Litter Shed addition to the Dairy Barn, UW-Madison,\n\nQuestion: Define Arthur Peabody.", "output": "Arthur Peabody was the campus architect for the University of Wisconsin from 1905 to 1915 and the state architect of Wisconsin from 1915 to 1938."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Aldert van der Ziel (12 December 1910, Zandeweer \u2013 20 January 1991, Minneapolis), was a Dutch physicist who studied electronic noise processes in materials such as semiconductors and metals. Biography Aldert van der Ziel was a pioneering researcher into the phenomenon of flicker noise in physical electronics. He published 15 books and more than 500 scientific papers. He was also a writer on Christianity, particularly the relationship between science and religion. Van der Ziel belonged to a conservative Lutheran church. Van der Ziel obtained a Ph.D. in 1934 from the University of Groningen. He worked at Philips in Eindhoven until 1947. In 1947 he went to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and moved to the University of Minnesota in 1950 to become professor of electrical engineering. He was also associated, later, with the University of Florida at Gainesville. Aldert van der Ziel was elected in 1978 as a member of National\n\nEast Peckham is a village and civil parish in Kent, England on the River Medway. The parish covers the main village as well as Hale Street and Beltring. History The Domesday entry for East and West Peckham reads:- The Archbishop himself holds Pecheham, In the time of King Edward the Confessor it was taxed at six sulungs, and now six sulungs and one yoke. The arable land is ten carucates. In demesne there are two, and sixteen villeins, with fourteen borderers, having four carucates and a half. There is a church, and ten servants, and one mill, and six acres of meadow. Wood for the pannage of six hogs. Of the land of this manor, one of the archbishop's tenants holds half a sulung, and was taxed with these six sulungs in the time of King Edward the Confessor, although it could not belong to the manor, except in the\n\nThe Point Theatre (sometimes referred to as the Point Depot or simply as the Point) was a concert and events venue in Dublin, Ireland, that operated from 1988 to 2007, visited by in excess of 2 million people. It was located on the North Wall Quay of the River Liffey, amongst the Dublin Docklands. The Point was closed in the middle of 2007 for a major redevelopment and underwent a rebranding as The O2 in July 2008. Prior to the redevelopment, the seated capacity was 6,300; the rebranded O2 has a fully seated only capacity of 9,000. Following the acquisition of O2 Ireland by 3 Ireland, it was renamed in September 2014 as the 3Arena. The Point was noted for its flexible seating configurations \u2013 over the years it served not only as a music venue, but had also been turned into an ice rink, a boxing arena, a conference\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Aldert van der Ziel is.", "output": "Aldert van der Ziel, was a Dutch physicist who studied electronic noise processes in materials such as semiconductors and metals."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Vedanta University is a proposed, private, multi-disciplinary, co-educational university to be started by Anil Agarwal of Vedanta Resources corporation near Puri-Konark highway, Odisha, India. According to news reports and as of September 2010, there were no clear plans regarding the establishment of this proposed University. However, in late April 2015 a revival of the project was initiated; The ex-Chief Secretary of Odisha, Mr. Bijay Patnaik, was hired as the President of the Vedanta University Project to revive this project. The vision Anil Agarwal, an Indian businessman, who heads the London based Vedanta Resources corporation and Naveen Patnaik, the Chief Minister of Odisha state in eastern India, had signed a memorandum of understanding to create a world class, multidisciplinary university, Vedanta University. The university, which would be entirely a not-for-profit venture, was planned to be funded from Agarwal's personal funds Sam Pitroda, the chairman of the Knowledge Commission was the choice\n\nCone Health is a private, not-for-profit healthcare delivery system based in Greensboro, North Carolina. It includes Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital, Wesley Long Hospital, and Cone Health Behavioral Health Hospital, all located in Greensboro. The Cone Health network also includes Alamance Regional Medical Center (Burlington, North Carolina), Annie Penn Hospital (Reidsville, North Carolina), MedCenter High Point, MedCenter Kernersville, MedCenter Mebane, MedCenter Greensboro and a wide range of primary care and specialty practices staffed by Cone Health Medical Group physicians. The Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital, the flagship of the system, opened in 1953 on near downtown Greensboro. Bertha Cone established it in honor of her husband, Moses H. Cone. Moses Cone was a textile magnate and founder of Cone Mills. Cone Health is active in primary care, cardiology, neuroscience, oncology, orthopedics, rehabilitation, obstetrics and many other specialties. U.S. News & World Report. listed Cone Health hospitals as a 2022-2023 High\n\nIbrahim Edhem Pasha (1819\u20131893) was an Ottoman statesman, who held the office of Grand Vizier in the beginning of Abdul Hamid II's reign between 5 February 1877 and 11 January 1878. He resigned from that post after the Ottoman chances on winning the Russo-Turkish War (1877\u20131878) had decreased. He furthermore served numerous administrative positions in the Ottoman Empire including minister of foreign affairs in 1856, then ambassador to Berlin in 1876, and to Vienna from 1879 to 1882. He also served as a military engineer and as Minister of Interior from 1883 to 1885. In 1876\u20131877, he represented the Ottoman Government at the Constantinople Conference. Early life He was born in Chios of Greek ancestry, in a Christian Greek Orthodox village on the island of Chios. Strangely, his connection to Chios is not well-documented: his son Osman Hamdi Bey claimed that he was a member of the Skaramanga family, but\n\nQuestion: Define Cone Health.", "output": "Cone Health is a private, not-for-profit healthcare delivery system based in Greensboro, North Carolina."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Adelaide ( ; ) is the capital city of South Australia, the state's largest city and the fifth-most populous city in Australia. \"Adelaide\" may refer to either Greater Adelaide (including the Adelaide Hills) or the Adelaide city centre. The demonym Adelaidean is used to denote the city and the residents of Adelaide. The Traditional Owners of the Adelaide region are the Kaurna. The area of the city centre and surrounding Park Lands is called in the Kaurna language. Adelaide is situated on the Adelaide Plains north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, between the Gulf St Vincent in the west and the Mount Lofty Ranges in the east. Its metropolitan area extends from the coast to the foothills of the Mount Lofty Ranges, and stretches from Gawler in the north to Sellicks Beach in the south. Named in honour of Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen of King William IV, the city was founded\n\nThe Coppell Independent School District is a school district based in Coppell, Texas (USA). The district includes most of Coppell and small parts of Grapevine, Irving (including a portion of Valley Ranch), Dallas and Lewisville. In 2009, the school district was rated \"recognized\" by the Texas Education Agency. In 2022, the school district was accused of tolerating racism and bullying against minority students. Overview and History The district was created as Coppell Independent School District by a vote of the local citizenry in 1959. In 1927, Dallas County Schools had acquired of land for $900 upon which to build Pinkerton Elementary, the only campus to serve Coppell children attending kindergarten through the eighth grade. At that time, the total number of students in grades K-8 was about 175. Until the first high school was built, at what is currently the site for Coppell Middle School West, Coppell students wishing to\n\nEl Kala (, Latin Thinisa in Numidia) is a seaport of Algeria, in El Tarf Province, 56 miles (90 km) by rail east of Annaba and 10 miles (16 km) west of the Tunisian frontier. It is the centre of the Algerian and Tunisian coral fisheries and has an extensive industry in the curing of sardines. The harbor is small and exposed to the northeast and west winds. El Kala attracts tourists from within and outside the country, especially during the summer. It is home to an exceptional ecosystem and was declared a biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 1990. History Thinisa in Numidia was an ancient city in the Roman province of Numidia. It was important enough to become a bishopric. The old fortified town was built on a rocky peninsula about 400 metres long, connected with the mainland by a sand bank. French and Italian coral fishing companies were\n\nQuestion: What is Coppell Independent School District", "output": "The Coppell Independent School District is a school district based in Coppell, Texas."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Different Drum\" is a song written by American singer-songwriter Michael Nesmith in 1964. It was first recorded by the northern bluegrass band The Greenbriar Boys and included on their 1966 album Better Late than Never! Nesmith offered it to the Monkees, but the producers of the TV show, who had wide control over the group's musical output early on, turned him down (though Nesmith did perform a short comic version of the song in an episode of The Monkees). The song became popular in 1967 when it was recorded by the Stone Poneys featuring Linda Ronstadt, who took their version of \"Different Drum\" to No. 12 on the Cash Box Top 100, No. 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, and No. 16 in Record World magazine. \"Different Drum\" did best in New Zealand, where it reached No. 5. In 1972, Nesmith recorded his own version. \"Different Drum\" has since\n\nFriends with Money is a 2006 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Nicole Holofcener. It opened the 2006 Sundance Film Festival on January 19, 2006, and went into limited release in North America on April 7, 2006. Plot Olivia is a single, always broke woman who cleans houses in Los Angeles to make ends meet. She is in a group of wealthy friends consisting of: Franny \u2013 a stay at home mom with a large trust fund, Christine \u2013 a television writer, Jane \u2013 a fashion designer, and their husbands. While the disparity in financial situations between Olivia and her friends creates some friction, each woman is facing her own individual struggles. Olivia can't seem to find love or money. Franny's inheritance sometimes causes tension between her and her accountant husband, who likes to spend it. Christine's marriage is falling apart. Jane is increasingly unpleasant because she's not growing\n\nArte Moris (meaning \"Living Art\" in Tetun) is the first fine arts school, cultural center and artists\u2019 association in East Timor. It is based in the capital, Dili. Founded following the violent Indonesian occupation, \"Its primary aim was to use art as a building block in the psychological and social reconstruction of a country devastated by violence, with special emphasis on helping its young citizens.\" Arte Moris provides art classes to local East Timorese, sponsors advanced students, and manages the sale of artwork, both at their on-site gallery and at two up-scale hotels in Dili. Arte Moris also collaborates with the professional drama troupe Bibi Bulak (\"Crazy Goat\"). The art center was housed on the former premises of the National Museum in Comoro, near Dili. The artwork produced at the school is wide-ranging, but is often surrealist in style, and exhibits cultural aspects from the varied regions of the country.\n\nQuestion: What is Arte Moris", "output": "Arte Moris is the first fine arts school, cultural center and artists\u2019 association in East Timor."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wheelchair rugby league is a wheelchair-based version of rugby league football, one of two recognised disability versions of the sport. It was developed by French rugby league player, coach and official, Wally Salvan in 2004. Unlike other wheelchair sports, people without disabilities are allowed to compete in top-level competition. The sport is also unique in the fact that men and women of any age can play against each other in top-level competition. Rules The game shares many features with the regular rugby league: Use of a size 4 rugby ball Ball may only be passed backwards Each team retains possession for six tackles, after which there is a hand-over A modified version of the play-the-ball is used after a tackle Same offside rules as rugby league The 2006 rules The game then sees its own particular rules: All kicks \u2013 penalties, drop outs and conversions \u2013 are taken with the\n\nTelligent, A Verint Company is an enterprise collaboration and community software business founded in 2004 by Rob Howard. The company changed its name to Zimbra, Inc. in September 2013 after acquiring Zimbra from VMWare. In August 2015, Verint Systems, Inc. acquired Telligent and currently operates Telligent as an independent business unit. As of August 2015, the remaining assets of Zimbra were acquired by Synacor. Company history Telligent was founded by Rob Howard in 2004. Howard was previously a founding member of Microsoft's ASP.NET team and helped build and run the Microsoft ASP.NET community. Telligent introduced its first product, Community Server, in the fall of 2004. Community Server was an integrated community platform that brought together blogs, wikis, forums, user profiles, etc. Community Server was based on the work done by Rob Howard on the ASP.NET Forums, Jason Alexander on Gallery, and Scott Watermasysk on Text. Dell and Myspace both became\n\n\"Jess-Belle\" is an episode of the American television science fiction and fantasy anthology series The Twilight Zone. In this episode, a young woman, whose name sounds like \"Jezebel\", spurned by the man she loves, becomes a witch in order to make him love her. This is the only episode of The Twilight Zone in the Rod Serling incarnation with no closing narration. Opening narration Plot Jess-Belle, determined that ex-boyfriend Billy-Ben Turner and his fiancee Ellwyn Glover not marry, enlists the aid of local witch Granny Hart. Granny casts a spell that makes Billy-Ben forget Ellwyn and fall madly in love with Jess-Belle. There is a price for the spell: Jess-Belle will transform into a leopard from midnight until dawn. Jess-Belle also feels herself growing colder and more heartless with each transformation. The witch explains that Jess-Belle's soul has been extinguished, and she has been transformed into a witch herself. Horrified\n\nQuestion: What is Wheelchair rugby league", "output": "Wheelchair rugby league is a wheelchair-based version of rugby league football, one of two recognised disability versions of the sport."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Catatonia is a complex neuropsychiatric behavioral syndrome that is characterized by abnormal movements, immobility, abnormal behaviors, and withdrawal. The onset of catatonia can be acute or subtle and symptoms can wax, wane, or change during episodes. It has historically been related to schizophrenia (catatonic schizophrenia), but catatonia is most often seen in mood disorders. It is now known that catatonic symptoms are nonspecific and may be observed in other mental, neurological, and medical conditions. Catatonia is not a stand-alone diagnosis (although some experts disagree), and the term is used to describe a feature of the underlying disorder. There are several subtypes of catatonia: akinetic catatonia, excited catatonia, malignant catatonia, and delirious mania. Recognizing and treating catatonia is very important as failure to do so can lead to poor outcomes and can be potentially fatal. Treatment with benzodiazepines or ECT can lead to remission of catatonia. There is growing evidence of\n\nMonipur Uchcha Vidyalaya and College (MUBC) () is a secondary school and college in Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was established in 1962 by the late Abul Kalam Azad. The school offers education from class I to class XII, and the college offers undergraduate courses in arts, science, and commerce. The school and college are affiliated with the National Curriculum and Textbook Board (NCTB) and the University of Dhaka, respectively. It is one of the most renowned institutes in the country. The school often ranks among the top of the passing rate in the board exams such as Secondary School Certificate (SSC), Junior School Certificate (JSC), and always ranks first in Primary Education Certificate (PSC). In 2023, the institution was accused of tax fraud and embezzlement of more than 3.5 crore BDT ($326,558). The investigation is underway. Academic results In 2007, 2008, and 2009, the school was ranked third, and in\n\nTheodore is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Banana, Queensland, Australia. In the the locality of Theodore had a population of 438 people. It was established in the 1920s as part of Queensland Premier Ted Theodore's ambitious Dawson River Irrigation Scheme which failed to eventuate. It was originally known as Castle Creek, but that name is now used by another locality in the area. Geography Theodore is situated on the Dawson River just off the Leichhardt Highway north-west of the state capital, Brisbane. Castle Creek flows through the town and into the Dawson River immediately south of the town centre. History The Aboriginal inhabitants of the area were the Gangulu people. Gangalu (Gangulu, Kangulu, Kanolu, Kaangooloo, Khangulu) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Gangula country. The Gangula language region includes the towns of Clermont and Springsure extending south towards the Dawson River. The first European settler\n\nQuestion: What is Theodore, Queensland?", "output": "Theodore is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Banana, Queensland, Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Baron Daryngton, of Witley in the County of Surrey, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 12 February 1923 for Herbert Pike Pease, who had previously represented Darlington in Parliament as a Liberal Unionist. He was the younger son of Arthur Pease and the younger brother of Sir Arthur Pease, 1st Baronet, while Sir Joseph Pease, 1st Baronet, was his uncle and Jack Pease, 1st Baron Gainford, his first cousin. The peerage became extinct on the death of his son, the 2nd Baron, in 1994. Barons Daryngton (1923) Herbert Pike Pease, 1st Baron Daryngton (1867\u20131949) Jocelyn Arthur Pease, 2nd Baron Daryngton (1908\u20131994) See also Pease Baronets Baron Gainford Pease family of Darlington References Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990. Extinct baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom Pease family Noble titles\n\nPoseidon Linux is a Linux distribution, a complete operating system, originally based on Kurumin, now based on Ubuntu. It is developed and maintained by developers located at the Rio Grande Federal University in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and the MARUM institute in Germany. Naming The name Poseidon was chosen after the God of the seas in Greek mythology, since oceanologists have been involved in the development of the system. History The 3.x family was pre-presented in 2008 at the 9th Free Software International Forum (FISL9.0). It was well received by the Linux community, including Jon \"maddog\" Hall of Linux International. Poseidon 3.2 was officially released in May 2010 at the IV Brazilian Oceanography Congress, in Rio Grande, Brazil. For version 4.0, the project changed the base distribution from Knoppix/Kurumin to Ubuntu. This was due to the wide acceptance of Poseidon outside the Portuguese-speaking scientific community, and because of the\n\nThe Gyeongsangbuk-do Provincial Council is the chief legislature governing the South Korean province of Gyeongsangbuk-do. The current chairperson of the Council is Lee Cheol-u. A chairperson, together with two vice-chairs, is elected twice for each term of the council, serving for two years. The Council has 339 members, representing the various cities and counties of the province. The largest number of members (35) is sent by the large industrial city of Pohang. The smallest number (7) represent isolated Ulleung County and sparsely populated Yeongyang County. The modern Provincial Council was established with the restoration of local autonomy. However, the first three Provincial Councils convened under the First and Second Republics in the 1950s and early 1960s. Thus, it was the fourth Council which finally convened again in 1991. The eighth Provincial Council will begin serving in July 2006. See also Politics of South Korea Subdivisions of South Korea External links\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Baron Daryngton is.", "output": "Baron Daryngton, of Witley in the County of Surrey, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Biotite is a common group of phyllosilicate minerals within the mica group, with the approximate chemical formula . It is primarily a solid-solution series between the iron-endmember annite, and the magnesium-endmember phlogopite; more aluminous end-members include siderophyllite and eastonite. Biotite was regarded as a mineral species by the International Mineralogical Association until 1998, when its status was changed to a mineral group. The term biotite is still used to describe unanalysed dark micas in the field. Biotite was named by J.F.L. Hausmann in 1847 in honor of the French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot, who performed early research into the many optical properties of mica. Members of the biotite group are sheet silicates. Iron, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, oxygen, and hydrogen form sheets that are weakly bound together by potassium ions. The term \"iron mica\" is sometimes used for iron-rich biotite, but the term also refers to a flaky micaceous form of haematite,\n\nThe Agra Canal is an important Indian irrigation work which starts from Okhla in Delhi. The Agra canal originates at the Okhla barrage, downstream of Nizamuddin bridge. The canal receives its water from the Yamuna River at Okhla, about to the south of New Delhi. The weir across the Yamuna was constructed of locally quarried stone. It was about long, and rises seven feet above the summer level of the river. From Okhla the canal follows a route south then southeast for in the high land between the Khari-Nadi and the Yamuna and finally joins the Utanga River about below Agra. Navigable branches connect the canal with Mathura and Agra. The canal irrigates about in Agra, and Mathura in Uttar Pradesh, Faridabad in Haryana, Bharatpur in Rajasthan and also some parts of Delhi. History The canal opened in the year 1874. In the beginning, it was available for navigation, in\n\nFranciszek Piper (born 1941) is a Polish scholar, historian and author. Most of his work concerns the Holocaust, especially the history of the Auschwitz concentration camp. Dr. Piper is credited as one of the historians who helped establish a more accurate number of victims of Auschwitz-Birkenau death camps. According to his research, at least 1.1 million people were murdered at Auschwitz-Birkenau, of whom about 960,000 were Jewish. He is the author of several books and chair of the Historical Department at the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum. Auschwitz: How Many Perished Franciszek Piper, former Head of Historical department of the Auschwitz Museum, is the author of scholarly analysis translated numerous times and widely quoted by foremost Holocaust historians and the media, in which he presented the results of his scientific analysis of the original sources and findings on the deportations to Auschwitz. Piper concluded that a total of at least 1,300,000 people\n\nQuestion: What is Agra Canal", "output": "The Agra Canal is an important Indian irrigation work which starts from Okhla in Delhi."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Adam Botbyl is an American computer hacker from Michigan. He gained unauthorized access to the Lowes corporate computer network via an open, unsecured wireless access point used by the Lowe's chain of home improvement and hardware stores. The access point was initially discovered inadvertently by his then-roommate, Paul Timmins. Months later, Botbyl and Salcedo returned to explore and exploit the network at a store located in Southfield, Michigan. They then attempted to install a program that could have allowed them to capture the credit card information of customers conducting transactions through the Southfield store. The government claimed that the crime could have caused more than $2.5 million in damages. The three men were initially charged with 16 counts of wire fraud and unauthorized intrusion. Botbyl pleaded guilty to one count of Conspiracy, and the remaining counts were dismissed on the government's motion, per a plea bargain. Ultimately, Botbyl was sentenced\n\nThe Comunidade Intermunicipal do Alto Minho () is an administrative division in northern Portugal. It is situated between the Minho River and Lima River. It was created in October 2008. Since January 2015, Alto Minho is also the designation of a NUTS3 subregion of Norte Region, that covers the same area as the intermunicipal community. The main town of the intermunicipal community is Viana do Castelo. The intermunicipal community is coterminous with the Viana do Castelo District. The population in 2011 was 244,836, in an area of 2,218.84 km\u00b2. It borders to the north the Galicia autonomous region in Spain and to the south with the C\u00e1vado intermunicipal community. It is an area with a strong gastronomic identity and produces a specific type of wine called Vinho Verde (young wine). Municipalities It is composed of ten municipalities: References External links Official website CIM Alto Minho Intermunicipal communities of Portugal Minho\n\nSanta Rosa Sound is a sound connecting Pensacola Bay and Choctawhatchee Bay in Florida. The northern shore consists of the Fairpoint Peninsula and portions of the mainland in Santa Rosa County and Okaloosa County. It is bounded to the south by Santa Rosa Island (also known as Okaloosa Island in the easternmost region of the sound), separating it from the Gulf of Mexico. The Gulf Intracoastal Waterway between Pensacola Beach and Fort Walton Beach is routed through the sound. Communities located along Santa Rosa Sound Gulf Breeze, Florida Pensacola Beach, Florida Navarre, Florida Navarre Beach, Florida Mary Esther, Florida Fort Walton Beach, Florida Bridges crossing Santa Rosa Sound Three bridges carry pedestrian and automobile traffic to the barrier islands on the south side of the sound. The first two bridges have the lowest clearance of any span over the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway. For this reason, many sailboats with masts taller\n\nQuestion: What's Adam Botbyl?", "output": "Adam Botbyl is an American computer hacker from Michigan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Phil Driscoll (born November 9, 1947) is a trumpeter, singer, composer, and producer. He performs in varying music genres and styles which include rock and roll, rhythm and blues, and patriotic music, and is best known for his work in Christian music and his longterm Christian ministry. In 1985, Driscoll won the Grammy Award for Best Gospel Performance \u2013 Duo/Group for a duet with Debby Boone on \"Keep the Flame Burning\", and he has been nominated for three additional Grammys, two for Best Gospel Performance \u2013 Male and one for Best Gospel/Pop Album. He has also won three Dove Awards for his music, and the 1999 Christian Country Music Association Award for Best Musician. Early life and education Phil Driscoll was born in Seattle, Washington, and when he was a small child his family moved to Spokane, where his father pastored a small church and his mother played hymns on\n\nThe Minnesota State Knowledge Bowl Meet is an annual, two-day academic quiz competition sponsored by the Minnesota Service Cooperatives, which is Minnesota's governing body of Knowledge Bowl. The State Meet is held in April at Cragun's Resort in Brainerd. Format The 48 teams that qualify for the Minnesota State Knowledge Bowl Meet are ordered by enrollment size and then are evenly divided, with the larger 24 schools in Class AA, and the smaller 24 schools in Class A. All schools from the Metro Region (Region XI) are automatically placed in Class AA. If one private school qualifies, it is automatically placed in Class AA, regardless of size. If two private schools qualify, the larger is placed in Class AA, and the smaller in Class A. If three private schools qualify, the larger two are placed in Class AA, and the smallest is placed in Class A, and so on. The\n\nJohn Edward Walsh (12 November 1816 \u2013 20 October 1869) was an Irish lawyer and Conservative politician. He served as Attorney-General for Ireland in 1866 and as Master of the Rolls in Ireland from 1866 to 1869. Background and education Walsh was born at Finglas, County Dublin, where his father, Robert Walsh, was rector. His mother was Anne Bayly. He was educated at Bective College, and matriculated at Trinity College Dublin in July 1832. He was elected a Scholar of the college in 1835, and graduated B.A. in 1836, obtaining a senior moderatorship in ethics and logics and gaining a gold medal. He was a distinguished speaker also at the college Historical Society. Walsh was called to the Irish Bar in 1839, and graduated LL.D. in his University in 1845. He published, in collaboration with Richard Nun, Q.C., a work on The Powers and Duties of Justices of the Peace\n\nQuestion: What is Minnesota State Knowledge Bowl Meet", "output": "The Minnesota State Knowledge Bowl Meet is an annual, two-day academic quiz competition sponsored by the Minnesota Service Cooperatives, which is Minnesota's governing body of Knowledge Bowl."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bj\u00f8rg Eva Jensen (born 15 February 1960) is a speed skater from Norway. She had her best year in 1980, when she became junior world allround champion, finished third at the senior allround world championships, and won the 3,000 m event at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid. After that she had very few international successes, but she won 15 Norwegian titles, including 8 allround, 4 sprint, and 3 single distance titles. In 2002, aged 42, she won silver on the 5,000 m at the Norwegian Single Distance Championships. She later participated in the 2006 Norwegian Single Distance Championships, aged 45, finishing 12th on the 1,500 m and 7th on the 3,000 m. Jensen is also a successful bicycle racer and won the Norwegian Championships in both time trial and individual pursuit in 1979. She was awarded the 1980 Egebergs \u00c6respris for her achievements in speed skating and cycling\n\nKerala ( ), officially Keralam (), is a state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile regions of Cochin, Malabar, South Canara, and Travancore. Spread over , Kerala is the 21st largest Indian state by area. It is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west. With 33 million inhabitants as per the 2011 census, Kerala is the 13th-largest Indian state by population. It is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram. Malayalam is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state. The Chera dynasty was the first prominent kingdom based in Kerala. The Ay kingdom in the deep south and the Ezhimala kingdom in the north\n\nArthur Robinson Gould (March 16, 1857July 24, 1946) was an American industrialist involved in lumber, railroads, hydroelectricity, and other large scale industry in Aroostook County, Maine and the neighboring Canadian province of New Brunswick from the 1880s until his death in 1946. From 1926 to 1931, he served as a Republican United States senator from Maine. Prior to being elected to the Senate, he had stated that he was in favor of maintaining the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol. However, once in office, he became nationally known for writing in favor of the legalization of wine and beer. Born in Corinth, Maine, he attended the common schools and East Corinth Academy. He moved first to Bangor, Maine, where he opened a candy factory and met Mary Frances Donovan, who became his wife. They moved to Presque Isle, Maine, in\n\nQuestion: What is Kerala?", "output": "Kerala, officially Keralam, is a state on the Malabar Coast of India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Pipera village is a neighborhood in Voluntari, Ilfov County, at the northern edge of the city of Bucharest, Romania. Development Until 1995, Pipera was an ordinary village. After that, an \"El Dorado\" of land transactions began. Plots of land that were US$1/m2 reached in 2005 the US$250/m2. In this time, more than 1,400 houses were built there, transforming Pipera in one of the most expensive residential areas. Between 2002 and 2011, in just ten years, the surface of the residential area doubled in size. The residential area expanding quickly and faster than the street network created many problems and concerns, such as urban planning, traffic control, water supply and electrical supply. A shopping park was also built, initially as a Carrefour and Bricostore, and later developed into a Metro, a Selgross Cash & Carry, an IKEA and, most importantly, B\u0103neasa Shopping City. However, these have been developed chaotically. Transportation This\n\nWard LeRoy Churchill (born October 2, 1947) is an American author and political activist. He was a professor of ethnic studies at the University of Colorado Boulder from 1990 until 2007. The primary focus of his work is on the historical treatment of political dissenters and Native Americans by the United States government. His work features controversial views, written in a direct, often confrontational style. While Churchill has claimed Native American ancestry, genealogical research has failed to unearth such ancestry and he is not a member of a tribe. In January 2005, Churchill's 2001 essay \"On the Justice of Roosting Chickens\" gained attention. In the work, he argued the September 11 attacks were a natural and unavoidable consequence of unlawful U.S. foreign policy over the latter half of the 20th century; the essay is known for Churchill's use of the phrase \"little Eichmanns\" to describe the \"technocratic corps\" working in\n\nAnna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1 July 1627, in Schwerin \u2013 11 December 1669, in Halle) was a German noblewoman, a member of the House of Mecklenburg and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Weissenfels. She was the fourth child and second daughter of Adolf Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin by his first wife Anna Maria, daughter of Enno III, Count of Ostfriesland. In older historiography she appears with a third name, Dorothea, but modern historians have discarded it. Life The wars involving Mecklenburg forced her father to send Anna Maria and her two older brothers, Christian Louis and Karl, first to Sweden and shortly afterwards to Denmark, to the court of Dowager Queen Sophia (born Duchess of Mecklenburg-G\u00fcstrow). In 1629 Anna Maria was sent to Saxony with Dowager Electress Hedwig, to the latter's dower state, Castle Lichtenberg near Prettin, where she was educated. After Hedwig's death in 1642, Anna Maria returned to\n\nQuestion: Who was Ward Churchill?", "output": "Ward LeRoy Churchill is an American author and political activist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Volunteering Matters is a UK charity focused on \"the advancement of citizenship and community development for the public benefit through the promotion of volunteering\". It was founded in 1962 as Community Service Volunteers (CSV) by Mora and Alec Dickson. In the 2018/2019 financial year, Volunteering Matters engaged around 20,000 volunteers through its hundreds of voluntary projects across England, Scotland and Wales. As of 2021, the president of Volunteering Matters is Lord Freud. He succeeded Lord Levy, who had been President from 1999, in 2019. The charity is led by a Trustee Board headed by Anne Heal. Its Chief Executive since 2019 is Paul Reddish. History In 1958, Dr Alec Dickson founded Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) which focused on international volunteering projects. After leaving VSO, in 1962, Dickson and his wife Mora Dickson formed Community Service Volunteers, which focused on UK-based volunteer projects. Elisabeth Hoodless was appointed Assistant Director of CSV\n\nVfR Wormatia 08 Worms is a German association football club that plays in Worms, Rhineland-Palatinate. The club and its historical predecessors were regular participants in regional first-division football competition until the formation of the national top-flight Bundesliga in 1963. History SC Wormatia was formed on 23 May 1908 and renamed VfL Wormatia Worms in 1921 just before merging with VfR Wormatia Worms in 1922. VfR was the product of the 1919 merger of Union 08 and Viktoria 1912. Both VfL and VfR were playing in the Kreisliga Hessen (I). The combined side played in the Bezirksliga Rheinhessen-Saar earning mid-table results. In 1927, SC joined the Bezirksliga Main-Hessen and enjoyed first- and second-place finishes in that league's Gruppe Hessen. German football was re-organized under the Third Reich into sixteen Gauligen, or regional upper class leagues, in 1933. Wormatia found themselves playing in the Gauliga S\u00fcdwest (I) where they continued to play\n\nCriolla is a genre of Cuban music which is closely related to the music of the Cuban Coros de Clave and a genre of Cuban popular music called Clave. The Clave became a very popular genre in the Cuban vernacular theater and was created by composer Jorge Anckermann based on the style of the Coros de Clave. The Clave served, in turn, as a model for the creation of a new genre called Criolla. According to musicologist Helio Orovio, \"Carmela\", the first Criolla, was composed by Luis Casas Romero in 1909, which also created one of the most famous Criollas of all times, \"El Mamb\u00ed\". Like the Clave and the Guajira (music), the formal structure of the Criolla consist of a brief introduction, followed by two sections of 16 measures each. The first one in a minor tone, and the second one in its major direct relative. The essential rhythm\n\nQuestion: Define Wormatia Worms.", "output": "VfR Wormatia 08 Worms is a German association football club that plays in Worms, Rhineland-Palatinate."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ale\u0161 Valenta () (born 6 February 1973 in \u0160umperk, Czechoslovakia) is a former Czech freestyle skier who participated in aerials. On February 19, 2002, he won the Winter Olympics gold medal in the freestyle aerials competition where he succeeded to perform the first triple back flip with five twists in the world. He operates the freestyle skiing centre in the town of \u0160t\u00edty. In December 2007 Valenta won the second season of StarDance with his professional partner Iva Langerov\u00e1. References External links Official Web site Official Web site on Ales Valenta Acrobat Park Profile on Czech Olympic Committee's Web site 1973 births Freestyle skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics Freestyle skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics Freestyle skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics Czech male freestyle skiers Living people Olympic gold medalists for the Czech Republic Olympic freestyle skiers for the Czech Republic Olympic medalists in freestyle skiing Medalists at\n\nChristopher James Weddle (born 1983) is a bodhr\u00e1n player and instructor. He has taught workshops nationwide including Mountain View Arkansas, the Dublin Irish Festival, SE Missouri State University, Westminster College and in his home town of St. Louis Missouri. Chris Weddle has represented the United States in the Fleadh Cheoil na h\u00c9ireann seven times, winning Silver and Bronze Medals in the All Ireland in the solo competitions as well as a gold medal in the Grapa\u00ed Cheoil. He has performed in Canada, Ireland, throughout the United States, he has opened for various artists such as the Chieftains, and has played before the U.S. Congress. He has recorded several CDs consisting of traditional Irish music as well as rock and bluegrass. In recognition of his accomplishments, he has received the highest Congressional award given to civilians - the Congressional Award gold medal which was presented to him in June 2002 in\n\nAxura (also, Akhura) is a village and municipality in the Sharur District of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan. It is located 20 km away from the district center, on the right bank of the Akhura River (tributary of the Eastern Arpachay River). Its population is busy with grain-growing and animal husbandry. There are secondary and an incomplete secondary schools, cultural house and a medical center in the village. It has a population of 1,481. Etymology The village got its name from the river of the same named in the area. Its previous name was the Yeni Axura (New Akhura). First time the name of the settlement which was named Axura was mentioned in the sources of the 7th century. On June 20, 1840, the Axura village which was located at the foot of Mount Ararat, has been destroyed at the result of a strong earthquake. The population of the village has\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Ale\u0161 Valenta.", "output": "Ale\u0161 Valenta is a former Czech freestyle skier who participated in aerials."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Thunder Bay Bulldogs were a Junior \"A\" ice hockey team from the Port Arthur section of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. They were a part of the Superior International Junior Hockey League. History The Thunder Bay Bulldogs, sometimes referred to as the Port Arthur Bulldogs, were founded with the inception of the Superior International Junior Hockey League. Both the 2001-02 and 2002-03 season were winning seasons for the Bulldogs, with the 2002-03 season having them finish in second place overall. Despite a record of 31 wins, 15 losses, 3 ties, and 3 losses in overtime, the Bulldogs were unable to displace the Fort Frances Borderland Thunders for the 2003 Bill Salonen Cup. In 2003, their crosstown rivals, the Fort William North Stars, started picking up momentum. For two seasons, the Port Arthur squad dominated while Fort William tried to keep up. In 2003, the Bulldogs fell apart while the North\n\nThe Africa Alphabet (also International African Alphabet or IAI alphabet) is a set of letters designed as the basis for Latin alphabets for the languages of Africa. It was initially developed in 1928 by the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures from a combination of the English alphabet and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Development was assisted by native speakers of African languages and led by Diedrich Hermann Westermann, who served as director of the organization from 1926 to 1939. The aim of the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures, later renamed the International African Institute (IAI), was to enable people to write for practical and scientific purposes in all African languages without the need of diacritics. The Africa Alphabet influenced the development of orthographies of many African languages, serving \"as the basis for the transcription\" of about 60 by one count. Discussion of how to harmonize these\n\nThe Novello Theatre is a West End theatre on Aldwych, in the City of Westminster. It was known as the Strand Theatre between 1913 and 2005. History The theatre was built as one of a pair with the Aldwych Theatre on either side of The Waldorf Hilton, London, both being designed by W. G. R. Sprague. The theatre was opened by The Shubert Organization as the Waldorf Theatre on 22 May 1905, and was renamed the Strand Theatre, in 1909. It was again renamed as the Whitney Theatre in 1911, before again becoming the Strand Theatre in 1913. In 2005, the theatre was renamed by its owners (Delfont Mackintosh Theatres) the Novello Theatre in honour of Ivor Novello, who lived in a flat above the theatre from 1913 to 1951. The black comedy Arsenic and Old Lace had a run of 1337 performances here in the 1940s, and Sailor Beware!\n\nQuestion: What's Thunder Bay Bulldogs?", "output": "The Thunder Bay Bulldogs were a Junior \"A\" ice hockey team from the Port Arthur section of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jonathan Goldberg (June 11, 1943 \u2013 December 9, 2022) was an American literary theorist who was the Sir William Osler Professor of English Literature at Johns Hopkins University, and Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor Emeritus of English at Emory University where he directed Studies in Sexualities from 2008 to 2012. His work frequently deals with the connections between early modern literature and modern thought, particularly in issues of gender, sexuality, and materiality. He received his BA, MA, and PhD from Columbia University. Goldberg received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1984. Personal life and death Goldberg was born in Kew Gardens, Queens on June 11, 1943. Goldberg died in Decatur, Georgia, on December 9, 2022, at the age of 79. Bibliography Endlesse Worke: Spenser and the Structures of Discourse (1981) James I and the Politics of Literature: Jonson, Shakespeare, Donne, and Their Contemporaries (1983) Voice Terminal Echo: Postmodernism and English Renaissance Texts\n\nThe efferent arterioles are blood vessels that are part of the urinary tract of organisms. Efferent (from Latin ex + ferre) means \"outgoing\", in this case meaning carrying blood out away from the glomerulus. The efferent arterioles form a convergence of the capillaries of the glomerulus, and carry blood away from the glomerulus that has already been filtered. They play an important role in maintaining the glomerular filtration rate despite fluctuations in blood pressure. In the mammalian kidney they follow two markedly different courses, depending on the location of the glomeruli from which they arise. In the mammalian kidney about 15% of glomeruli lie close to the boundary between the renal cortex and renal medulla and are known as juxtamedullary glomeruli. The rest are simply undifferentiated cortical glomeruli. In undifferentiated cortical glomeruli The efferent arterioles of the undifferentiated cortical glomeruli are the most complex. Promptly on leaving the glomerulus they\n\nAlloxylon is a genus of four species in the family Proteaceae of mainly small to medium-sized trees. They are native to the eastern coast of Australia, with one species, A. brachycarpum found in New Guinea and the Aru Islands. The genus is a relatively new creation, being split off from Oreocallis in 1991. The name is derived from Ancient Greek allo- \"other\" or \"strange\" and xylon or \"wood\" due to their unusual cell architecture compared with the related genera Telopea and Oreocallis. In Australia, they are known as tree waratahs due to similarities in the inflorescences between them and the closely related Telopea. Classification Together with Telopea, Oreocallis and Embothrium, Alloxylon makes up a small group of terminal often red-flowering showy plants scattered around the southern edges of the Pacific Rim. Known as the subtribe Embothriinae, this is an ancient group with roots in the mid Cretaceous, when Australia, Antarctica\n\nQuestion: What is Alloxylon?", "output": "Alloxylon is a genus of four species in the family Proteaceae of mainly small to medium-sized trees."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "M\u00e4larh\u00f6jden/Bred\u00e4ng Hockey (often referred to as MB Hockey or MB) is an ice hockey club based in Stockholm, Sweden. Founded: 1988 Arena: SDC-hallen (capacity 850) Uniform colours: Red, white Logo design: \"MB\" in red with white and blue trim in a stylized white maple leaf with red and blue trim Swedish women's championships won: 7 (1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006) History Named after the districts where it is located, the club was founded in 1988 through a merger between M\u00e4larh\u00f6jden/V\u00e4stertorp and Bred\u00e4ng/\u00d6stberga hockey clubs. Until the 2006-07 season MB Hockey had sections for both men's and women's ice hockey, and while the men's team has never reached higher than the 3rd tier league, the women's team playing in the top level league established itself as one of the most successful in the nation, winning seven Swedish championships in eight years. Before the start of the 2006-07 season the\n\nCampaniform sensilla are a class of mechanoreceptors found in insects, which respond to local stress and strain within the animal's cuticle. Campaniform sensilla function as proprioceptors that detect mechanical load as resistance to muscle contraction, similar to mammalian Golgi tendon organs. Sensory feedback from campaniform sensilla is integrated in the control of posture and locomotion. Structure Each campaniform sensillum consists of a flexible dome, which is embedded in a spongy socket within the cuticle and innervated by the dendrites of a single bipolar sensory neuron (see schematic cross-section). Campaniform sensilla are often oval-shaped with long axes of about 5-10 \u00b5m (see SEM). Campaniform sensilla are distributed across the body surface of many insects. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, for example, has over 680 sensilla. Campaniform sensilla are located in regions where stress is likely to be high, including on the legs, antennae, wings, and halteres. Sensilla may occur alone, but\n\nHimesh Reshammiya (born 23 July 1973) is an Indian playback singer, music director, songwriter, film & music producer and actor in Hindi cinema. He started his career as music director in the film Pyaar Kiya To Darna Kya in 1998 and made his acting debut with the film Aap Kaa Surroor in 2007. Early and personal life Himesh Reshammiya was born in Mumbai to Vipin Reshammiya, an Indian music composer, and Madhu Reshammiya, on 23 July 1973. At the age of 21, Reshammiya married Komal and they have a son named Swaym. On 12 September 2016, it was reported that Himesh and Komal mutually agreed to separate and file for divorce. On 11 May 2018, Himesh married his long-time girlfriend, actress Sonia Kapoor. Music and film career Early career (1998\u20132002) Reshammiya began producing TV series such as Andaz, Ahha, Aman, Aashiqui, Amar Prem and Jaan on Zee TV. He also\n\nQuestion: What is M\u00e4larh\u00f6jden/Bred\u00e4ng Hockey?", "output": "M\u00e4larh\u00f6jden/Bred\u00e4ng Hockey is an ice hockey club based in Stockholm, Sweden."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The British Columbia Amateur Hockey Association, more commonly known as BC Hockey, is a non-profit organization and member branch of Hockey Canada in charge of governing amateur hockey at all levels in British Columbia and Yukon Territory. It comprises approximately 150 minor hockey associations, 55,000 players, 4,500 referees, and 20,000 official volunteers. History Founded in 1919 as the British Columbia Amateur Hockey Association, BC Hockey has seen many changes and substantial growth over the years. The organization continues to strive to provide training and resources for volunteers so that they may better serve the amateur hockey community. The organization is overseen by a board of directors composed of 9 elected members. Notable executives Doug Grimston (1900\u20131955), BCAHA president from 1942 to 1947, and Canadian Amateur Hockey Association president from 1950 to 1952 Leagues British Columbia Hockey League - Junior \"A\" Kootenay International Junior Hockey League - Junior \"B\" Pacific Junior\n\n(, ), also known as Ela Toghat Al Alaam, is a poem written in the early 1900s by the Tunisian poet Aboul-Qacem Echebbi during the French conquest of Tunisia. It's also a song and a music video produced in the year 2002, during the second Intifada, by the Tunisian vocalist Latifa who sung the poem and dedicated it to Ariel Sharon and George W. Bush. English translation Hark! You tyrannous dictator, lover of darkness, enemy of life. You mocked the cries of the weak, and your palm is stained with their blood. You set out tarnishing the enchantment of existence, sowing the thorns of anguish among the hills. Slow down! Let not the Spring deceive you, nor the serenity of the sky, nor the glow of the morning. For in the vast horizon lurks the power of darkness, the bombardment of thunder, and the raging of winds. Beware! Under the\n\n\"Stupid Girls\" is a song recorded by American singer Pink from her fourth studio album I'm Not Dead (2006). It was released in February 2006 as the first single from her third studio album on LaFace Records. The song marked Pink's return to LaFace Records under Zomba Label Group via Sony BMG, after Arista Records consolidated LaFace's operations into its own in mid-2001. \"Stupid Girls\" was written by Pink, Billy Mann, Niklas Olovson, and Robin Mortensen Lynch. Mann and MachoPsycho both produced the track. The song introduces a more provocative, feminist, and explicit side of Pink. Lyrically, it condemns sexism and encourages intelligence in women. A music video was filmed and premiered on MTV's Overdrive in January 2006. It features Pink in a variety of roles, both as an angel and a demon, a variety of celebrities, a random woman getting plastic surgery, a lady with a purging disorder, and\n\nQuestion: What's Ila Tughat al-Alam?", "output": ", also known as Ela Toghat Al Alaam, is a poem written in the early 1900s by the Tunisian poet Aboul-Qacem Echebbi during the French conquest of Tunisia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Deborah Compagnoni (; born 4 June 1970) is an Italian former Alpine skier who won three gold medals at the 1992, 1994, and 1998 Winter Olympics. Biography Deborah Compagnoni was born in Bormio, northern Lombardy, and skied with the G.S. Forestale club. Compagnoni soon attracted attention for her great talent. Her career was always marked by major successes, but also by serious accidents. After her first major victory, the World Junior title in giant slalom, and her first podium in World Cup, she broke her right knee in the Val d'Is\u00e9re downhill. After surgery, she decided to stop competing in downhill races, where her talent could have permitted even greater successes than those she obtained in her still outstanding career. Compagnoni won her first race in the World Cup in 1992. She also won the gold medal at the Winter Olympics of the same year, again in the super-G; however,\n\nFereydoon Moshiri (; September 21, 1926 \u2013 October 24, 2000) was one of the prominent contemporary Persian poets who wrote poems in both modern and classic styles of the Persian poem. A selection of his poems has been translated into English entitled With All my Tears by Ali Salami. Some of his other published works are as follows: 1957, Gonah-e Darya (The Sin of the Sea) 1958, Nayafteh (Undiscovered) 1960, Abr (The Cloud) 1970, Parvaz Ba Khorshid (Flying With the Sun) 1978, Bahar ra Bavar Kon (Believe the Spring) 1988, Ah Baran (Oh, the Rain) 2001, Ta Sobh-e Tabnak-e Ahura'ii (Until the Bright of Ahuric Dawn) Last years Fereydoon Moshiri had been suffering from leukaemia and kidney failure for five years and died in \"Tehran Clinic\" hospital on October 24, 2000, at the age of 74. References External links Fereydoon Moshiri at Iran Chamber Society Fereydoon Moshiri's life Kooche by\n\nAnimaminA is the debut EP by Icelandic string quartet amiina. The EP was first published in early December 2004 by Smekkleysa in Iceland, and then in mid-2005 by The Workers Institute in the United States and Speak N Spell in Australia. Its title was a palindrome based on the band's name, which at the time of the EP's publication was am\u00edna. (It has now been changed to amiina to avoid disputes with another group of the same name.) The EP is composed of four tracks and is predominantly strings, electronic samples, and experimental instrumentation, such as the use of drinking glasses to generate sound or the playing of a saw with a bow. The album's sound is reminiscent of fellow Icelandic artists Sigur R\u00f3s and M\u00fam though their style remains largely disparate from either, and have collaborated with the former. Track listing \"Skakka\" \u2013 4:13 \"Hemipode\" \u2013 4:29 \"Fjarskanistan\" \u2013\n\nQuestion: What is Animamina?", "output": "AnimaminA is the debut EP by Icelandic string quartet amiina."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona) is an Old World monkey that lives in western Africa between Ghana and Cameroon. The mona monkey can also be found on the island of Grenada as it was transported to the island aboard slave ships headed to the New World during the 18th century. This guenon lives in groups of up to thirty-five in forests. It mainly feeds on fruit, but sometimes eats insects and leaves. The mona monkey has brown agouti fur with a white rump. Its tail and legs are black and the face is blue-grey with a dark stripe across the face. The mona monkey carries food in cheek pouches. Description The male mona monkey has a head-and-body length of and a tail of . The female's head-and-body length is . The head has a brown crown, broad whitish brow band, grey mask of bare skin and bushy pale cheek fur.\n\nThe Delaware Handicap is an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually in mid July at Delaware Park Racetrack in Wilmington, Delaware. The Grade 2 race is open to fillies and mares, age three and up, willing to race one mile and three-sixteenths on the dirt. The race was inaugurated as the New Castle Handicap as part of the racing schedule with the 1937 opening of Delaware Park Racetrack. In 1953, the new $100,000 purse offered by the New Castle Handicap made it the richest race in the world for fillies and mares. In 1955 it was renamed the Delaware Handicap. The race was held at Saratoga from 1982 until 1985. In 2017, champion filly Songbird won as the shortest-priced favorite in the race's history at 1-9 odds. In 2023, Delaware Park management announced that the race would be shortened to miles, citing difficulties in attracting top fillies and mares to\n\nMalew ( ; ) is one of the seventeen parishes of the Isle of Man. It is located in the south of the island (part of the traditional South Side division) in the sheading of Rushen. Administratively, part of the historic parish of Malew is now covered by the town of Castletown. As a result, there is a small exclave of the parish district which includes Scarlett point. Other settlements in the parish include Ballasalla, Derbyhaven and St Mark's. Local government For the purposes of local government, most of the historic parish forms a single parish district with five elected Commissioners. Since 1883, an area in the south of the historic parish of Malew has formed the separately administered town of Castletown, with its own town commissioners. The Captain of the Parish (since 1996) is Roy H. Gelling. Politics Malew parish is part of the Arbory, Castletown & Malew constituency,\n\nQuestion: Define Malew.", "output": "Malew is one of the seventeen parishes of the Isle of Man."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jack Hirschman (December 13, 1933 \u2013 August 22, 2021) was an American poet and social activist who wrote more than 100 volumes of poetry and essays. Biography Hirschman was born in New York City to a Russian Jewish family. He received a B.A. from the City College of New York in 1955 and an M.A. (1957) and Ph.D. (1961) from Indiana University. While attending City College, he worked as a copy boy for the Associated Press. When he was 19, he sent a story to Ernest Hemingway, who responded: \"I can't help you, kid. You write better than I did when I was 19. But the hell of it is, you write like me. That is no sin. But you won't get anywhere with it.\" Hirschman left a copy of the letter with the Associated Press, and when Hemingway killed himself in 1961, the \"Letter to a Young Writer\" was\n\nMasters of Moral - Servants of Sin is the fourth album of the Austrian death metal band Pungent Stench. It was originally released in 2001 on Nuclear Blast. The album was recorded after the band had re-united. The lyrical content is more Christian-based (the cover also reflects that), though there are other themes such as school shootings (\"School's out Forever\") and paedophilia (\"Rex Paedophilus\" and \"Suffer the Little Children to Come unto Me\"). Track listing All Songs Written By \"Reverend\" Martin Schirenc & Alex \"Rector\" Wank. \"Loot, Shoot, Electrocute\" \u2013 2:16 \"School's out Forever\" \u2013 5:29 \"Diary of a Nurse\" \u2013 4:14 \"The Convent of Sin\" \u2013 5:25 \"Rex Paedophilus\" \u2013 3:54 \"Retaliation\" \u2013 4:36 \"Suffer the Little Children to Come unto Me\" \u2013 5:32 \"Viva il Vaticano\" \u2013 5:24 \"Mortuary Love Affair\" \u2013 5:24 \"The Testament of Stench\" \u2013 5:05 Personnel \"Reverend\" Martin Schirenc: Guitars, Vocals Reverend Mausna: Bass\n\nMyra-Bellevue Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located in the Okanagan Highland east of Kelowna. It was established to protect the full elevational range of the North Okanagan Basin and North Okanagan Highlands ecosections. Features Myra-Bellevue Provincial Park includes: Angel Springs Bellevue Canyon Myra Canyon 18 trestles and 2 tunnels of the Kettle Valley Railway line, now a cycling and hiking route Little White Mountain, noted for its escarpment Flora includes: Old Growth Ponderosa Pine Old Growth Douglas Fir Larch Engelmann Spruce Subalpine Fir Fauna includes: Mountain goats in winter White-throated Swifts Flammulated Owl Lewis\u2019 Woodpecker Spotted Bat Boreal Owl Western Screech-owl Northern Alligator Lizard Elk Deer Moose Cougar Grizzly Bear Great Basin Pocket Mouse Spotted Bat Images References External links Myra Canyon Trestle Restoration Society The Friends of South Slopes Society Provincial parks of British Columbia Regional District of Central Okanagan Provincial parks in the\n\nQuestion: What is Jack Hirschman?", "output": "Jack Hirschman was an American poet and social activist who wrote more than 100 volumes of poetry and essays."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nashville String Machine is a musical collective comprising session musicians, based in Nashville, Tennessee, United States. Members of the group have been credited on records dating from 1972 to the present, although the group was formally formed as \"The Nashville String Machine\" in 1981. The group was formed by violinist and concertmaster Carl J. Gorodetzky (born 1936/7 in Pennsylvania) and his wife (also violinist) Carol W. Gorodetzky (b. 1937 in Pennsylvania). They oversee the contracting of arrangers, players and studio support as needed; their available supply of potential orchestra members maximizes at 80. Since the required number of orchestra members changes from project to project, individual members vary. However, there are four members of the ensemble who date from its 1981 founding: Carol W. Gorodetzky \u2013 violin Pam Sixfin \u2013 violin Gary Vanosdale \u2013 viola Craig Nelson \u2013 arco bass. The music aggregating website AllMusic lists 1,171 albums on which\n\nWoodie Walter White (born 1935) is an American bishop of the United Methodist Church, elected in 1984. Birth and family Woodie was born on August 27, 1935, in New York City. He is married to the former Jennie (Kim) Tolson, a native of Worcester, Massachusetts. She attended Clark University in Worcester, and holds degrees from Howard Community College and Towson University. An elementary school teacher, Mrs. White was honored as the 1992 \"Teacher of the Year\" by the Springfield, Illinois School District. The Whites have four daughters: Kimberly Yvette, Hope Angela, Valerie Elizabeth, and Sharon Denise, and one son, Bryan Michael. Education Woodie graduated from the DeWitt Clinton High School in the West Bronx in New York City in 1953 and from Paine College in Augusta, Georgia, in 1958. He earned an S.T.B. (Bachelor of Sacred Theology) from Boston University School of Theology in 1961. While attending BU he served\n\nThe Government of Barbados (GoB), is a unitary parliamentary republic, where the President of Barbados is the head of state and the Prime Minister of Barbados is the head of government. Structure The country has a bicameral legislature and a political party system, based on universal adult suffrage and fair elections. The Senate has 21 members, appointed by the President, 12 on the advice of the Prime Minister, two on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition, and seven at the President's sole discretion. The House of Assembly has 30 members, all elected. Both houses debate all legislation. However, the House of Assembly may override Senate's rejection of money bills and other bills except bills amending the Constitution. Officers of each house (President and Deputy President of the Senate; Speaker, Deputy Speaker, and Chairman of Committees of the Assembly) are elected from the members of the respective houses. In\n\nQuestion: Define Government of Barbados.", "output": "The Government of Barbados, is a unitary parliamentary republic, where the President of Barbados is the head of state and the Prime Minister of Barbados is the head of government."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "ASP.NET AJAX, formerly called Atlas, is a set of extensions to ASP.NET developed by Microsoft for implementing Ajax functionality. It is released under the Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL). Clients supporting Ajax ASP.NET AJAX runs on the following browsers: Microsoft Internet Explorer (>= 6.0) Mozilla Firefox (>= 1.5) Opera (>= 9.0) Apple Safari (>= 2.0) Google Chrome (>= 5) ASP.NET AJAX Suite At present, the ASP.NET AJAX suite consists of the following components and packages: Microsoft Now Launched Ajax Library 4.0, which supports Data Driven Web Applications. Microsoft Ajax Library 3.5, which is a JavaScript library that provides the client-side features of the ASP.NET AJAX framework. Integrated in ASP.NET 3.5, the library is also available as a separate download for use in other environments, such as PHP. A server framework \u2013 included in ASP.NET 3.5 \u2013 for building Ajax-enabled ASP.NET server controls. These components are also available for ASP.NET 2.0 in\n\nThe Grande Sert\u00e3o Veredas National Park () is a national park located on the border between the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil. Location The park is in the Cerrado biome. It covers an area of and is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. It was created by decree n\u00ba 97.658 of 12 April 1989, revised on 21 May 2004. It is in the municipality of Formoso, Minas Gerais. Altitude ranges from . Annual rainfall averages . Temperature ranges from with average . The park contains forests, savannah, cerrado and dense cerrado. There are extensive streams (veredas) which can form oxbow lakes or larger rivers. The terrain contains extensive sandstone plateaus covered in savannah vegetation with lower drainage areas holding the streams. The park contains much of the upper basin of the Carinhanha River and of the sub-basins of its tributaries such as the Itaguari, Mato\n\nChip Morningstar is an American software architect, mainly for online entertainment and communication. Morningstar held many jobs throughout his career in the research and development of technology and programs. Most notably was Morningstar's role as project leader for Lucasfilm's Habitat, the first large-scale virtual multiuser environment. In March 2001, Morningstar and colleague Randy Farmer were awarded the inaugural \"First Penguin Award\" by the International Game Developers Association for their work on Habitat. He also participated in Project Xanadu, for which the word hypertext was first coined. Additionally, he is credited with coining the term avatar and pre-Internet work in online information marketplaces. Early life and education Morningstar graduated from University of Michigan with a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Engineering in 1981. While at the University of Michigan he performed research in the Space Physics Research Laboratory, where he wrote device drivers and CAD software for electronic circuitry. Chip\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Grande Sert\u00e3o Veredas National Park is.", "output": "The Grande Sert\u00e3o Veredas National Park is a national park located on the border between the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Geoffrey Howard Bourne (17 November 1909 \u2013 19 July 1988) was an Australian-American anatomist and primatologist. In particular, he studied the adrenal gland, conducting pioneering work in histochemistry. Bourne was director of Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University from 1962 until 1978. Prior to coming to Emory he had taught histology at the University of London and physiology at Oxford University. He received his doctorates from Oxford University (D.Sc., 1935; Ph.D., 1943) and was a fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine. Bibliography (ed.) (1942) Cytology and Cell Physiology (1949) The Mammalian Adrenal Gland (1956) Biochemistry and Physiology of Bone (1957) Vitamin C in the Animal Cell (ed.) (1961) Physiological and Pathological Aging (1962) Structure and Function of Muscle (1970) Ape People (1974a) Non-Human Primates and Medical Research (1974b) Primate Odyssey (1975) The Gentle Giants: The Gorilla Story' (ed.) (1977) Human and Veterinary Nutrition (ed.) (1988) Sociological and\n\nDavid Roblin (April 19, 1812\u2013March 1, 1863) was a lumber merchant and political figure in Canada West. He was born in Adolphustown Township in Upper Canada in 1812, the son of John Roblin. He settled in Richmond Township and opened a general store there in 1832. In 1841, he moved to Napanee. He served as reeve for the township from 1841 to 1857 and warden for the united counties of Frontenac, Lennox and Addington from 1849 to 1857. Over time, he expanded his business interests into the trade in timber. He took advantage of his political connections to support legislation in favour of the Grand Trunk Railway and received a contract to build a railway bridge and an appointment as arbitrator for the railway company. In 1854, he was elected to the 5th Parliament of the Province of Canada representing Lennox and Addington; he was re-elected to the 6th Parliament.\n\nBoulby is a hamlet in the Loftus parish, located within the North York Moors National Park. It is in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland, North Yorkshire, England. The hamlet is located off the A174, near Easington and west of Staithes. It was in the North Riding of Yorkshire until 1974, followed by the county of Cleveland until 1996. The village formerly had alum mining activity and is currently the site of Boulby mine, a site by Cleveland Potash Limited which produces half of the UK's potash output. Etymology and history Etymology Boulby is an old Scandinavian place name meaning \"Bolli's Farm\", constructed from the male personal name Bolli + -by, an Old Scandinavian element meaning \"farmstead, village or settlement\". Examples of Bolli from the 10th century are the Norse Bolli Thorleiksson and his son Bolli Bollason from the Icelandic Sagas, although neither were recorded as coming to England. The\n\nQuestion: Who is Geoffrey H. Bourne?", "output": "Geoffrey Howard Bourne was an Australian-American anatomist and primatologist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"American shot\" or \"cowboy shot\" is a translation of a phrase from French film criticism, , and refers to a medium-long (\"knee\") film shot of a group of characters, who are arranged so that all are visible to the camera. The usual arrangement is for the actors to stand in an irregular line from one side of the screen to the other, with the actors at the end coming forward a little and standing more in profile than the others. The purpose of the composition is to allow complex dialogue scenes to be played out without changes in camera position. In some literature, this is simply referred to as a 3/4 shot. One of the other main reasons why French critics called it \"American shot\" was its frequent use in the western genre. This was because a shot that started at knee level would reveal the weapon of a cowboy,\n\nViscount Boyle of Kinalmeaky, in the County of Cork, is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1628 for the eight-year-old the Hon. Lewis Boyle, second son of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, with remainder, in default of male issue of his own, to the heirs male of his father. He was killed at the Battle of Liscarrol in 1642, aged twenty-three, and was succeeded according to the special remainder by his elder brother Richard, who the following year also succeeded his father as second Earl of Cork. Viscounts Boyle of Kinalmeaky (1628) Lewis Boyle, 1st Viscount Boyle of Kinalmeaky (1619\u20131642) Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Burlington, 2nd Earl of Cork, 2nd Viscount Boyle of Kinalmeaky (1612\u20131698) For further succession see the Earl of Cork References Boyle of Kinalmeaky Viscountcies in the Peerage of Ireland Peerages created with special remainders Noble titles created in 1628\n\nShaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (, abbreviated as SKMCH&RC/SKMCH) is a cancer centre with locations in Lahore and Peshawar, Pakistan. It is the first project of the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Trust, a charitable organization established under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1858 of British India. It is Pakistan's largest tertiary care hospital. History The hospital was founded by Imran Khan, Pakistani cricketer-turned-politician and former Prime Minister. The inspiration to build a cancer hospital came after his mother, Mrs. Shaukat Khanum, succumbed to cancer in 1985. During his mother's illness, he also witnessed the plight of poor cancer patients in Pakistan's hospitals, and deeply felt the need for a specialized cancer centre in his country. He had a vision of making cancer treatment accessible to every Pakistani who needed it. This is reflected in the hospital's mission statement: \"To act as a model institution to alleviate the\n\nQuestion: What is Viscount Boyle of Kinalmeaky?", "output": "Viscount Boyle of Kinalmeaky, in the County of Cork, is a title in the Peerage of Ireland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Racconigi (; ) is a town and (municipality) in Piedmont, Italy. It is located in the province of Cuneo, south of Turin, and north of Cuneo by rail. History The town was founded in medieval times. It was a possession of the marquisses of Saluzzo, of the princes of Acaia and of the Savoy-Carignano. On 24 October 1909 King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and Nicholas II of Russian Empire concluded a secret agreement at Racconigi, known as the Racconigi Bargain. Geography Racconigi is located in the northern borders of its province with the Metropolitan City of Turin. The town borders with the municipalities of Caramagna Piemonte, Carmagnola (TO), Casalgrasso, Cavallerleone, Cavallermaggiore, Lombriasco (TO), Murello, Polonghera and Sommariva del Bosco. Its municipal hamlets () are Berroni, Canapile, Migliabruna Nuova, Migliabruna Vecchia, Oia, Parruccia, San Lorenzo, Streppe, Tagliata. Economy The economy is mostly based on agriculture, production of milk and meat,\n\nAshokan was a former railroad station located in the Shokan section of the town of Olive, Ulster County, New York, United States. Located from the terminus at Kingston Point in Kingston, it was located along the Ulster and Delaware Railroad, later the Catskill Mountain Branch of the New York Central Railroad. The station opened on June 8, 1913, when the railroad abandoned their former alignment due to the construction of the Ashokan Reservoir. The railroad moved the station depot at Brown's Station to Ashokan for service. The New York Central Railroad discontinued passenger service on the line on March 31, 1954. The depot would then be moved to Woodstock, New York in May 1970. The station site and the right-of-way, is now part of the Ashokan Rail Trail, an long rail trail from West Hurley to Cold Brook. References External links Catskill Mountain Railroad Railway stations in the Catskill Mountains\n\nKarnata was an ancient kingdom, mentioned in the great epic Mahabharata, It gave the name to the South Indian state of Karnataka. References in Mahabharata Sahadeva's Military Campaign to the South of India Mahabharata, Book 2, Chapter 30 Sahadeva conquered the town of Sanjayanti and the country of the Pashandas and the Karanatakas by means of his messengers alone, and made all of them pay tributes to him. The hero brought under his subjection and exacted tributes from the Paundrayas and the Dravidas along with the Udrakeralas and the Andhras and the Talavanas, the Kalingas and the Ushtrakarnikas, and also the delightful city of Atavi and that of the Yavanas. Nakula's Military Campaign to the West of India Mahabharata, Book 2, Chapter 32 Nakula subjugated the whole of the desert country and the region known as Sairishaka full of plenty, as also that other one called Mahetta. And the hero\n\nQuestion: What's Ashokan station?", "output": "Ashokan was a former railroad station located in the Shokan section of the town of Olive, Ulster County, New York, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Allies of the Night is the eighth book of The Saga of Darren Shan by Darren Shan (his real name, Darren O'Shaughnessy). It is part of the Vampire War trilogy, which comprises three books: Hunters of the Dusk, Allies of the Night and Killers of the Dawn. Allies of the Night was first published in Great Britain by HarperCollins in 2002. It was then published in the Vampire War Trilogy in 2005. Plot summary Darren, Harkat, and Mr. Crepsley [Vancha going back to Vampire Mountain to inform the other Princes and Generals of their encounter with the Vampaneze Lord] go to Mr. Crepsley's hometown once again to investigate if the Vampaneze had set up territories there. But soon after their arrival Darren is discovered by the police and forced to attend school. He has trouble with most of his subjects as he only has a middle school education, but luckily\n\nBYU Vocal Point, or simply Vocal Point, is a nine-member, male a cappella group at Brigham Young University (BYU). Founded by two students, Bob Ahlander & Dave Boyce, in 1991, Vocal Point was under the direction of Emmy award-winning director and former member, McKay Crockett. However, in December 2022, Crockett decided to leave as director for a new job opportunity. He is replaced by former member Carson Trautman. The group has won three Pearl Awards and it was the winner of the 2006 International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella (ICCA). In 2011, the group placed fifth on NBC's third season of The Sing Off. History Vocal Point was founded in 1991 by two students at BYU, Dave Boyce and Bob Ahlander. Boyce and Ahlander became introduced to modern a cappella while visiting the Eastern United States, where a cappella had become popular among colleges. Jill Petersen-Lex became the group's first\n\nSir Tomu Malaefone Sione, (17 November 1941 \u2013 April 2016), was a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu. He worked as a journalist from 1962 to 1968, and held the post of radio announcer in the Broadcasting and Information Department of the administration of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony (GEIC). He was the head of the southern Niutao clan. He was married to Segali. Member of Parliament Tomu Sione was first elected to represent the constituency of Niutao in the House of Assembly of the GEIC in 1970. He was re-elected in the 1971 Gilbert and Ellice Islands general election, and in the 1974 Gilbert and Ellice Islands general election. Following the separation of Tuvalu from Kiribati he served in the House of Assembly of the Colony of Tuvalu. From 1975 to 1978 he was the minister for commerce and natural resources in the cabinet of the\n\nQuestion: What's BYU Vocal Point?", "output": "BYU Vocal Point, or simply Vocal Point, is a nine-member, male a cappella group at Brigham Young University."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Great Stupa of Dharmakaya Which Liberates Upon Seeing is located at the Shambhala Mountain Center in Colorado, USA. It was built to inter the ashes of Chogyam Trungpa, who died in 1987. In many Buddhist traditions it is common to build a stupa to honour a respected teacher after their death. The site of the Great Stupa of Dharmakaya was first identified as an auspicious location by the 16th Karmapa, head of the Kagy\u00fc school of Tibetan Buddhism, on his first visit to North America in 1974. Construction of the stupa began in 1988. The structure took thirteen years to complete and used a special concrete formula designed to last one thousand years. The Stupa was consecrated in a ceremony that lasted several days in the summer of 2001. This ceremony was attended by many important lamas and students of Chogyam Trungpa. In September 2006, The Dalai Lama visited\n\nAmiga software is computer software engineered to run on the Amiga personal computer. Amiga software covers many applications, including productivity, digital art, games, commercial, freeware and hobbyist products. The market was active in the late 1980s and early 1990s but then dwindled. Most Amiga products were originally created directly for the Amiga computer (most taking advantage of the platform's unique attributes and capabilities), and were not ported from other platforms. During its lifetime, thousands of applications were produced with over 10,000 utilities (collected into the Aminet repository). However, it was perceived as a games machine from outside its community of experienced and professional users. More than 12,000 games were available. New applications for the three existing Amiga-like operating systems are generally ported from the open source (mainly from Linux) software base. Many Amiga software products or noteworthy programs during the timeline were ported to other platforms or inspired new programs,\n\nScott Matthew Olsen (born January 12, 1984) is an American former pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball for the Florida Marlins and Washington Nationals between 2005 and 2010. Early life Olsen was born in Kalamazoo, Michigan. He attended Crystal Lake South High School in Crystal Lake, Illinois, for high school where he was all-conference in baseball. He was drafted 173rd overall during the sixth round of the 2002 Major League Baseball Draft by the Florida Marlins. MLB career Florida Marlins 2005 season Olsen played his first season in the MLB in 2005 with the Florida Marlins. The team activated him on June 25, 2005, when pitcher Josh Beckett went on the disabled list. Olsen had one win and one loss in five starts, with a 3.98 ERA during the season, but was also later sent to the disabled list with an elbow injury. 2006 season During the 2006 season\n\nQuestion: Who is Scott Olsen", "output": "Scott Matthew Olsen is an American former pitcher."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jazmin Benitez (born November 17, 1980) is an American professional wrestler currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW) under the ring name Mercedes Martinez. She also appears for AEW's sister promotion, Ring of Honor (ROH), where she is a former ROH Women's World Champion. She is also known for her time in WWE, primarily on the NXT brand. Prior to going to WWE in 2020, Martinez was a mainstay on the independent circuit, winning numerous titles - including three WSU Championships, two Shimmer Championships, one Shine Championship and one Phoenix of Rise Championship. Early life Jazm\u00edn Ben\u00edtez was born on November 17, 1980, in Waterbury, Connecticut. She is of Puerto Rican descent. In high school, she played both basketball and softball. She then attended college at Teikyo Post University, where her major was criminal justice. Professional wrestling career Early career (2000\u20132005) Mercedes Martinez got involved in professional wrestling after an\n\nRichard Dwight Butler (born May 1, 1973) is a Canadian former outfielder in Major League Baseball for the Toronto Blue Jays and Tampa Bay Devil Rays. He is the brother of another former Blue Jay, Rob Butler. Career Butler was signed as a non-drafted free agent by the Toronto Blue Jays on September 24, 1990. After seven years in Minor League Baseball, he was called up to play for the major league club on September 6, 1997. He played seven games that season with the Blue Jays. In the Major League Baseball expansion draft of 1997, Butler was selected 10th overall by the Tampa Bay Devil Rays. In Tampa Bay's inaugural season of 1998, Butler played in 72 games at the major league level and 38 games with the Triple-A Durham Bulls. Butler remained at AAA Durham in 1999, where he played 90 games. He was called up to the\n\nBotell\u00f3n (; Spanish for \"big bottle\") is a Spanish activity when people congregate in public areas to socialize while drinking alcohol. The activity is popular among teenagers and young adults partly in response to rising drink prices at bars or clubs, and partly because more people can meet in one place. Botell\u00f3n is not an alternative to typical nightlife, but is rather an economical way to drink with people before going out to bars, discos, or clubs. Origins The origins of botell\u00f3n trace back to Andalusia in the 1980s. Workers began buying alcohol to drink outdoors in areas such as plazas or parks instead of spending money in a bar or club. Young people, especially students, adopted the concept of botell\u00f3n in the mid \u201880s and it is thought to have first appeared in the city of Punta Umbr\u00eda (Huelva, Spain). It is believed botell\u00f3n has a correlation to an\n\nQuestion: What's Botell\u00f3n?", "output": "Botell\u00f3n is a Spanish activity when people congregate in public areas to socialize while drinking alcohol."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "James Lee Howell (September 27, 1914 \u2013 January 4, 1995) was an American football player and coach for the National Football League (NFL)'s New York Giants. Howell was born in Arkansas, and played college football and basketball at the University of Arkansas. Playing career He was drafted by the Giants in the 1937 NFL Draft, and played wide receiver and defensive back from 1937 to 1947. While playing for the Giants, he was elected to the Arkansas House of Representatives to represent Lonoke County in 1940 and served one term during the January to March 1941 session of the legislature. Coaching career After his playing career ended, he was head coach for Wagner College football. Howell returned to the Giants in 1954 as head coach, succeeding fan, media, and player favorite Steve Owen after 21 years. Howell quickly hired Vince Lombardi as his offensive coordinator. Shortly afterward, he named punter\n\nIn mathematics, the Cuntz algebra , named after Joachim Cuntz, is the universal C*-algebra generated by isometries of an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space satisfying certain relations. These algebras were introduced as the first concrete examples of a separable infinite simple C*-algebra, meaning as a Hilbert space, is isometric to the sequence space and it has no nontrivial closed ideals. These algebras are fundamental to the study of simple infinite C*-algebras since any such algebra contains, for any given n, a subalgebra that has as quotient. Definitions Let n \u2265 2 and be a separable Hilbert space. Consider the C*-algebra generated by a set of isometries (i.e. ) acting on satisfying This universal C*-algebra is called the Cuntz algebra, denoted by . A simple C*-algebra is said to be purely infinite if every hereditary C*-subalgebra of it is infinite. is a separable, simple, purely infinite C*-algebra. Any simple infinite C*-algebra contains a\n\nSouth by Southwest, abbreviated as SXSW and colloquially referred to as South By, is an annual conglomeration of parallel film, interactive media, and music festivals and conferences organized jointly that take place in mid-March in Austin, Texas, United States. It began in 1987 and has continued growing in both scope and size every year. In 2017, the conference lasted for 10 days with the interactive track lasting for five days, music for seven days, and film for nine days. There was no in-person event in 2020 and 2021 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas; in both years there was a smaller online event instead. SXSW is run by the company SXSW, LLC, which organizes conferences, trade shows, festivals, and other events. In addition to SXSW, the company runs the conference SXSW Edu and the SXSW Sydney festival (from 2023, in Sydney, Australia), and co-runs North by\n\nQuestion: Tell me what South by Southwest is.", "output": "South by Southwest, abbreviated as SXSW and colloquially referred to as South By, is an annual conglomeration of parallel film, interactive media, and music festivals and conferences organized jointly that take place in mid-March in Austin, Texas, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "BigDog is a dynamically stable quadruped military robot that was created in 2005 by Boston Dynamics with Foster-Miller, the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the Harvard University Concord Field Station. It was funded by DARPA, but the project was shelved after the BigDog was deemed too loud for combat. History BigDog was funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in the hopes that it would be able to serve as a robotic pack mule to accompany soldiers in terrain too rough for conventional vehicles. Instead of wheels or treads, BigDog uses four legs for movement, allowing it to move across surfaces that would defeat wheels. The legs contain a variety of sensors, including joint position and ground contact. BigDog also features a laser gyroscope and a stereo vision system. BigDog is long, stands tall, and weighs , making it about the size of a small mule. It is\n\nThe Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad was organized in 1833 (as the Portsmouth and Roanoke Railroad) to extend from the area of the rapids of the Roanoke River at its fall line near Weldon, North Carolina to Portsmouth, Virginia, across the Elizabeth River from Norfolk on the harbor of Hampton Roads. History In the early 19th century, competition was fierce among Virginia's port cities to be the point where export products such as tobacco could be transferred to ocean-going and coast-wise shipping. Canals, turnpikes and railroads became important conduits in the antebellum period in Virginia. The original goal of the Portsmouth and Roanoke Railroad was to provide a link for shipments of goods originating on the Roanoke River and its canal system from points west to reach port facilities in the Norfolk area on the harbor of Hampton Roads. For such traffic, Norfolk and Portsmouth were fiercely competitive with Petersburg, which\n\nJordan Walker-Pearlman (born June 24, 1967) is an American film director, screenwriter, film producer, and executive. Early life Walker-Pearlman was born in New York City, and is the nephew of actor Gene Wilder with whom he lived for a period of time in childhood. Career Jordan is best known for the 2000 film The Visit, for which he was nominated for two Independent Spirit Awards (One for Directing and one for Writing the Screenplay) and the movie four. His 2005 film, Constellation, starring Gabrielle Union, Zoe Saldana, and Billy Dee Williams, premiered at the Pan African Film Festival, Roxbury Film Festival, Black Filmmaker Magazine Film Festival, and the Chicago International Film Festival. It also had a special premiere at the Kwa Mashu Film Festival in South Africa with both director and actress Gabrielle Union present for ten days to open the movie theater at the Arts Centre in the Kwa\n\nQuestion: Who is Jordan Walker-Pearlman?", "output": "Jordan Walker-Pearlman is an American film director, screenwriter, film producer, and executive."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Claremont district is a neighborhood straddling the city limits of Oakland and Berkeley in the East Bay section of the San Francisco Bay Area in California, United States. The main thoroughfares are Claremont and Ashby Avenues. The name \"Claremont\" was adopted December 20, 1879, at a meeting convened by a real estate developer and local resident, Grant Taggert. Within a year or so of this, the name of the main thoroughfare was changed from Telegraph Road to Claremont Avenue. The Telegraph Road had been named for the first telegraph line into Oakland, strung by the Alta Telegraph Company in 1859. The line ran from Martinez across the hills and down what was then named \"Harwood's Canyon\" after an early claimant to grazing lands in the canyon above the Claremont neighborhood, retired sea captain and Oakland wharfinger William Harwood. With the advent of the telegraph line, it became \"Telegraph Canyon\",\n\nThe Kyiv Funicular () is a steep slope railroad on Kyiv Hills that serves the city of Kyiv, connecting the historic Uppertown, and the lower commercial neighborhood of Podil through the steep Volodymyrska Hill overseeing the Dnieper River. The line consists of only two stations and is operated by the Kyiv city community enterprise Kyivpastrans. History The funicular was constructed during 1902\u20131905, and was first opened to the public on . The construction cost, about 230,000 rubles, was covered by a Belgian owner of the Kyiv trams. The funicular was the project of Arthur Abrahamson, who received professional training on railroad engineering in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland and Saint Petersburg, Russia. The station vestibules were initially developed by N. Pyatnitskiy, and the railway structure was designed by N. Baryshnikov. Due to its proximity to the St. Michael's Cathedral, it was once named the Mykhailivskyi Mekhanichnyi Pidyom (, literally St. Michael's Mechanical Lift).\n\nThe National Black Law Students Association (NBLSA), founded in 1968, is a nationwide organization formed to articulate and promote the needs and goals of black law students and effectuates change in the legal community. As the largest law student organization in the country with over 6,000 members, NBLSA includes chapters or affiliates in six countries including the Bahamas, Nigeria, and South Africa. NBLSA encourages the development of talented, social conscious lawyers of tomorrow. NBLSA help start the Black Law Students Association of Canada (BLSAC), the National Latino/Latina Student Association (NLLSA), National Association of Law Students with Disabilities (NALSD), and the National Asian Pacific American Law Student Association (NAPALSA). The headquarters of NBLSA is located in Washington, D.C. Organized into six regions (Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Southern, Mid-West, Rocky Mountain and Western Region) the organization has over 200 chapters and is present in all but a few of the nation's accredited law schools,\n\nQuestion: What's National Black Law Students Association?", "output": "The National Black Law Students Association, founded in 1968, is a nationwide organization formed to articulate and promote the needs and goals of black law students and effectuates change in the legal community."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A fill device or key loader is a module used to load cryptographic keys into electronic encryption machines. Fill devices are usually hand held and electronic ones are battery operated. Older mechanical encryption systems, such as rotor machines, were keyed by setting the positions of wheels and plugs from a printed keying list. Electronic systems required some way to load the necessary cryptovariable data. In the 1950s and 1960s, systems such as the U.S. National Security Agency KW-26 and the Soviet Union's Fialka used punched cards for this purpose. Later NSA encryption systems incorporated a serial port fill connector and developed several common fill devices (CFDs) that could be used with multiple systems. A CFD was plugged in when new keys were to be loaded. Newer NSA systems allow \"over the air rekeying\" (OTAR), but a master key often must still be loaded using a fill device. NSA uses two\n\nGames played (GP) is a statistic used in team sports to indicate the total number of games in which a player has participated (in any capacity); the statistic is generally applied irrespective of whatever portion of the game is contested. Baseball In baseball, the statistic applies to players, who prior to a game, are included on a starting lineup card or are announced as an ex ante substitute, whether or not they play. For pitchers only, the statistic games pitched is used. A notable example of the application of the above rule is pitcher Larry Yount, who suffered an injury while throwing warmup pitches after being summoned as a reliever in a Major League Baseball (MLB) game on September 15, 1971. He did not face a batter, but was credited with an appearance because he had been announced as a substitute. Yount never appeared in (or actually played in) any\n\nJepetto was a popular band from 1994 to 2004 from Annapolis, Maryland. The band was managed by Adam Wheatley of Funkstarr band's core members, Chris Cosgrove, David Richardson, and Chris Hartman formed Victory Party with Casey Hean, Ben Frock, and Carl Jenson. Lineup Chris \"Kahz\" Cosgrove \u2014 vocals Dan Marcellus \u2014 drums Dave Richardson \u2014 vocals, percussion Chris \"FC\" Hartman \u2014 bass Jesse Hosch \u2014 guitar Larry Byrne \u2014 keyboards Discography Albums 12:33 CD / LP (Funkstarr Records, 1999) Drip \u2014 Human \u2014 Groove Juice \u2014 Smack Doo Doo \u2014 Urge \u2014 One Way \u2014 Generation X \u2014 Cheeba \u2014 Jesse's Song \u2014 Underground \u2014 Timbuk \u2014 Deciding Where the World Begins \u2014 It's About Time Inkbox CD / LP (Fowl Records, 2002) Faders \u2014 Better Off \u2014 Destroyer \u2014 Caleco \u2014 Dynamite Team \u2014 One Way \u2014 Eleven \u2014 Faceless \u2014 Complications \u2014 Old-balls EPs Mung Sessions Compilations Penthouse\n\nQuestion: What is Fill device", "output": "A fill device or key loader is a module used to load cryptographic keys into electronic encryption machines."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Secret Railroad or Les Voyages du Tortillard in French, was a series produced by Societe Radio-Canada of 52 (or possibly 61) animated shorts made in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Episodes last 5 minutes each. It was originally recorded in English at Place D'Youville in Montreal then subsequently dubbed into French. It was produced by Peter Saunders and Danielle Marleau under the production company Films du Train Secret, and the participation of Les Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Radio-Canada and the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de D\u00e9veloppement de l'Industrie Cin\u00e9matographique Canadienne. . It also aired in the United States on The Great Space Coaster in the early 1980s. Characters Simon (Voiced by Douglas Heintzman) The main character is a young boy named Simon who discovers a magical steam locomotive hidden in the basement of his apartment building. Acting as the engineer Simon uses the locomotive to travel on many magical adventures. Mr. George T. Passenger (Voiced by Neil\n\nVineland Senior High School North is a public high school located in Vineland, in Cumberland County, New Jersey, United States, as part of the Vineland Public Schools. The school opened in 1976. It holds classes for 9th and 10th grade students, as well a small number of students from other grades. It is considered to be a different school, but on the same campus of Vineland Senior High School South. As of the 2005\u201306 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,314 students and 122.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student\u2013teacher ratio of 10.8. Administration The principal is Suzette DeMarchi. The other \\cCore members of the school's administration include three assistant principals. References External links Vineland Public Schools Data for the Vineland Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics South Jersey Sports: Vineland HS 1976 establishments in New Jersey Educational institutions established in 1976 Public high\n\nRoyal High Corstorphine RFC is a former Edinburgh rugby union club, formed from the merger of the Royal HSFP and Corstorphine RFC. The merged club was dissolved in 2017 as two clubs:- Corstorphine Cougars and Royal HSFP. History Royal High Corstorphine was formed in 2003 from the merger of two Edinburgh rugby union sides:- Royal HSFP and Corstorphine RFC. RHC was originally planned as a bilateral club based both in Royal HSFP's Barnton ground and Corstorphine RFC's Union Park. The club had a very successful women's side that produced several Scotland international players. Dissolve of club As time passed more and more matches were being played in Barnton; eventually the 1st XV playing in Barnton and the 2nd XV played in Union Park. This highlighted differences between the two factions on how a club should be run and the merged club was dissolved into two clubs. Honours Men Edinburgh Northern\n\nQuestion: What's Royal High Corstorphine RFC?", "output": "Royal High Corstorphine RFC is a former Edinburgh rugby union club, formed from the merger of the Royal HSFP and Corstorphine RFC."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Pituffik is a former settlement in northern Greenland, located at the eastern end of Bylot Sound by a tombolo known as Uummannaq, near the current site of the American Pituffik Space Base, formerly Thule Air Base. The former inhabitants were relocated to the present-day town of Qaanaaq. The relocation and the fallout from the 1968 Thule Air Base B-52 crash in the vicinity are a contentious issue in Greenland's relations with Denmark and the United States. Exploration Pituffik was a hunting village of the Greenlandic Inuit. The Qaanaaq region of northern Greenland in which it is located was inhabited for several thousand years, first settled 4,500 years ago by the Paleo-Eskimo peoples migrating from the Canadian Arctic. The area was explored by Commander James Saunders of the Royal Navy while wintering on HMS North Star in 1849-50 after being trapped by the ice in the sound. Military control Forced relocation\n\nPotosi Correctional Center (PCC) is a Missouri Department of Corrections prison located in unincorporated Washington County, Missouri, near Mineral Point. The facility currently houses 800 death row, maximum security and high-risk male inmates. The facility, which opened in 1989, is a maximum security prison. In 1989 it had about 200 prisoners. Shortly after the prison's opening, the majority of the non-death row prisoners at Potosi were serving long sentences, such as life imprisonment without parole, or sentences with a 50-year minimum before parole eligibility. A small number had shorter sentences. Death row In April 1989 the state transferred its 70 death row inmates from Jefferson City Correctional Center (JCCC, originally Missouri State Penitentiary) to Potosi. The U. S. District Court for the Western District of Missouri approved some modifications to the consent decree before the inmates were moved to Potosi. Originally death row prisoners lived in a 92-bed, two wing\n\nTina Harris is a Maryland-born singer best known for being a member of Sweetbox. Career Early life Tina Harris was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and due to her military father being stationed there, the whole family moved to Frankfurt, West Germany, when she was four and grew up there. Tina Harris's start in the music industry came when her cousin, rapper Turbo B of the music group Snap! chose Harris's sister Jackie to mime on the videoclip and on promotional appearances to the female parts of their hit \"The Power\". Later, Tina Harris and her other sister Angel became dancers on Snap!'s tour and in videoclips, first appearing in the videoclip for \"Ooops Up\". In 1991, the three Harris sisters left Snap! and formed the pop-rap group B.O.Y. (an acronym for Because Of You), which was active for two years. Sister Angel left in 1992 after the release of the\n\nQuestion: What is Pituffik", "output": "Pituffik is a former settlement in northern Greenland, located at the eastern end of Bylot Sound by a tombolo known as Uummannaq, near the current site of the American Pituffik Space Base, formerly \nThule Air Base."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Arno is a river in the Tuscany region of Italy. It is the most important river of central Italy after the Tiber. Source and route The river originates on Monte Falterona in the Casentino area of the Apennines, and initially takes a southward curve. The river turns to the west near Arezzo passing through Florence, Empoli and Pisa, flowing into the Tyrrhenian Sea at Marina di Pisa. With a length of , it is the largest river in the region. It has many tributaries: Sieve at long, Bisenzio at , Ombrone Pistoiese at , and the Era, Elsa, Pesa, and Pescia. The drainage basin amounts to more than and drains the waters of the following subbasins: The Casentino, in the province of Arezzo, formed by the upper course of the river until its confluence with the Maestro della Chiana channel. The Val di Chiana, a plain drained in the\n\nYunnanosaurus ( ) is an extinct genus of sauropodomorph dinosaur that lived approximately 199 to 183 million years ago in what is now the Yunnan Province, in China, for which it was named. Yunnanosaurus was a large sized, moderately-built, ground-dwelling, quadrupedal herbivore, that could also walk bipedally, and ranged in size from 7 meters (23 feet) long and 2 m (6.5 ft) high to 4 m (13 ft) high in the largest species. Discovery Yang Zhongjian (also known as C. C. Young) discovered the first Yunnanosaurus skeletons in the upper Zhangjiawa Member of the Lufeng Formation of Yunnan, China, dating to the Sinemurian stage of the Early Jurassic. The fossil find was composed of over twenty incomplete skeletons, including two skulls, it was excavated by Tsun Yi Wang. These remains were the basis for the species Y. huangi (the type species) and Y. robustus. In 2007, L\u00fc Junchang and colleagues\n\nTerence Dolan (8 April 1943 \u2013 20 April 2019) was an Irish lexicographer and radio personality. He was professor of Old and Middle English in the School of English and Drama at University College Dublin. He acted as the School's Research Co-ordinator, and was the director of the Hiberno-English Archive website. He appeared weekly on Se\u00e1n Moncrieff's radio show (Mondays) on Newstalk 106. Podcasts of his appearances are available from Newstalk's website. Life Dolan was born in London of Irish parents, both of whom hailed from County Cavan. He was formerly a Hastings Senior Scholar of The Queen's College, Oxford. He was twice the National Endowment for the Humanities Distinguished Visiting Professor of the Humanities, University of Richmond, Virginia (in 1986 and 1992). He was a director of the international James Joyce summer school, Dublin. He is perhaps best known for his Dictionary of Hiberno-English which gives a comprehensive account\n\nQuestion: Define Yunnanosaurus.", "output": "Yunnanosaurus is an extinct genus of sauropodomorph dinosaur that lived approximately 199 to  183 million years ago in what is now the Yunnan Province, in China, for which it was named."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gossypiboma, textiloma or more broadly Retained Foreign Object (RFO) is the technical term for surgical complications resulting from foreign materials, such as a surgical sponge, accidentally left inside a patient's body. Etymology Gossypiboma is derived from Latin gossypium (cotton) and Swahili \"boma\" (place of concealment), meaning a tumor or growth. Gossypiboma describes a mass within a patient's body comprising a cotton matrix surrounded by a foreign body granuloma. Textiloma is derived from textile (surgical sponges have historically been made of cloth), and is used in place of gossypiboma due to the increasing use of synthetic materials in place of cotton. Incidence and clinical presentation The actual incidence of gossypiboma is difficult to determine, possibly due to a reluctance to report occurrences arising from fear of legal repercussions, but retained surgical sponges is reported to occur once in every 3000 to 5000 abdominal operations and are most frequently discovered in the\n\nCDI College is a private, for-profit career college in Canada. It offers programs in the business, technology and health care fields. The college has 23 campus locations in five Canadian provinces: six in British Columbia, eight in Alberta, one in Manitoba, four in Ontario and five in Quebec. The school has been owned by the Eminata Group since 2007. A 2022 investigation by CBC reported that some recruiters for CDI College lied to applicants about program accreditation and the post-graduation hiring rates of its students. History The now-defunct Corinthian Colleges, Inc. (CCi) purchased CDI Education Corporation in August 2003. CDI had a post-secondary education division of career colleges operating under the brand names of CDI College of Business and Technology and The Institute for Computer Studies. CDI's corporate training division operated under the brand name of CDI Corporation Education Services. On November 8, 2007, Corinthian completed the sale of substantially\n\nMustafa Ceri\u0107 (, born 5 February 1952) is a Bosnian imam who served as the Grand Mufti of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1993 to 2012, and is currently president of the World Bosniak Congress. In the 2014 general election, he ran for a seat in the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a Bosniak member, but was not elected. Ceri\u0107 ensured that Islam is a strong element of Bosniak nationalism and has argued that Bosnia and Herzegovina should become a Bosniak nation state as Croats and Serbs already have their own nation states, Croatia and Serbia. Life Ceri\u0107 graduated from the Gazi Husrev-beg Madrasa in Sarajevo and received a scholarship to Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt. He then returned to Yugoslavia, where he became an Imam. In 1981, he accepted the position of Imam at the Islamic Cultural Center of Greater Chicago (ICC) in Northbrook, Illinois and lived in the\n\nQuestion: Define Gossypiboma.", "output": "Gossypiboma, textiloma or more broadly Retained Foreign Object is the technical term for surgical complications resulting from foreign materials, such as a surgical sponge, accidentally left inside a patient's body."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Neornithischia (\"new ornithischians\") is a clade of the dinosaur order Ornithischia. It is the sister group of the Thyreophora within the clade Genasauria. Neornithischians are united by having a thicker layer of asymmetrical enamel on the inside of their lower teeth. The teeth wore unevenly with chewing and developed sharp ridges that allowed neornithischians to break down tougher plant food than other dinosaurs. Neornithischians include a variety of basal forms historically known as \"hypsilophodonts\", including the Parksosauridae; in addition, there are derived forms classified in the groups Marginocephalia and Ornithopoda. The former includes clades Pachycephalosauria and Ceratopsia, while the latter typically includes Hypsilophodon and the more derived Iguanodontia. Classification Neornithischia was first named by Cooper in 1985 and defined as \"all genasaurians more closely related to Parasaurolophus walkeri than to Ankylosaurus magniventris or Stegosaurus stenops\". In 2021, Neornithischia was given a formal definition under the PhyloCode: \"The largest clade containing\n\nAppearances of Argentine Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara (1928\u20131967) in popular culture are common throughout the world. Although during his lifetime he was a highly politicized and controversial figure, in death his stylized image has been transformed into a worldwide emblem for an array of causes, representing a complex mesh of sometimes conflicting narratives. Che Guevara's image is viewed as everything from an inspirational icon of revolution, to a retro and vintage logo. Most commonly he is represented by a facial caricature originally by Irish artist Jim Fitzpatrick and based on Alberto Korda's famous 1960 photograph titled Guerrillero Heroico. The evocative simulacra abbreviation of the photographic portrait allowed for easy reproduction and instant recognizability across various uses. For many around the world, Che has become a generic symbol of the underdog, the idealist, the iconoclast, or the martyr. He has become, as author Michael Casey notes in Che's Afterlife: The Legacy\n\nBy Royal Command is the fifth novel in the Young Bond series depicting Ian Fleming's superspy James Bond as a teenager in the 1930s. The novel, written by Charlie Higson, takes place in 1934 and see James at the age of fourteen. Locations include The Alps (Kitzb\u00fchel), England, France, Lisbon, and Vienna. By Royal Command was published in hardcover by Puffin Books in the UK on September 3, 2008. Cover art (featuring a black and red Union Jack) was not revealed until the day of publication. The paperback was released on May 28, 2009, and includes an extract from a new Young Bond short story by Charlie Higson, \"A Hard Man to Kill\". By Royal Command was released by Disney-Hyperion in the U.S. on May 18, 2010. Cover artwork is by Owen Richardson. Synopsis In Lisbon, OGPU Colonel Irina Sedova, also known as 'Babushka' (Russian for 'grandmother'), visits the leader\n\nQuestion: Define By Royal Command.", "output": "By Royal Command  is the fifth novel in the Young Bond series depicting Ian Fleming's superspy James Bond as a teenager in the 1930s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ami Foster is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Margaux Kramer in the TV series Punky Brewster. Biography Foster, a native of California, won the National Tap Dance Championship after which she was discovered on Star Search as a singer at age eight. In 1984, Foster landed her most notable role, in the NBC series Punky Brewster as Margaux Kramer, the spoiled upper class friend of the title character. During the run of Punky Brewster, Foster appeared on Circus of the Stars; she shared an act with actor-musician Corey Yothers, whose sister Tina (of Family Ties fame) was also featured that year in COTS. Following the end of Punky Brewster in 1988, Foster appeared in various guest roles: on The Wonder Years, Quantum Leap, and Life Goes On. In 1986\u201387, she was the voice of Holly, the young owner of the Puppy Pound\n\nThe Fridtjof Nansen Institute (FNI) is an independent research foundation specializing in research on international environmental, energy and resource management issues, including political and legal aspects. The institute is named after the Norwegian Arctic explorer, scientist, diplomat and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Fridtjof Nansen. It is situated in Nansen's old mansion, Polh\u00f8gda, in B\u00e6rum municipality outside Oslo. Organisation The Fridtjof Nansen Institute has 30-40 scholarly employees. Most of them come from the fields of political science and law, but historians, economists and anthropologists are also represented among the research staff. Iver B. Neumann has served as FNI Director since December 2019. Main focus FNI activities include academic studies as well as contract work for research, investigations and evaluations. Current FNI research has seven focal points: Global environmental governance and law Climate change Law of the Sea and marine affairs Biodiversity and genetic resources Polar and Russian politics European energy and\n\nThe Cuba national cricket team was the team that represented the Republic of Cuba in international cricket. The team was organised by the Cuban Cricket Commission (CCC), which became an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in 2002. However, the CCC had its membership revoked in 2013 for failing to adhere to ICC guidelines, so the team's current status is unclear. A Cuban representative team was assembled as early as 1952, when the Jamaica national cricket team toured. However, the popularity of the sport (played mainly by Afro-Cubans descended from West Indian sugar workers), diminished rapidly after the Cuban Revolution, and the game was not revived until the late 1990s. Cuba was invited to participate in the 2008 edition of the Stanford 20/20, and was drawn to play Sint Maarten in its preliminary round match. However, the U.S. embargo meant the team was forced to withdraw, as the\n\nQuestion: Define Ami Foster.", "output": "Ami Foster is an American actress and singer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Susan Lynn Bernard (February 11, 1948 \u2013 June 21, 2019) was an American author, actress, model and businesswoman from Los Angeles, California. She was the daughter of photographer Bruno Bernard. Career Susan Bernard was the author of six books, including Marilyn: Intimate Exposures, Bernard of Hollywood's Ultimate Pin-Up Book and Joyous Motherhood. She was the president of Bernard of Hollywood/Renaissance Road Incorporated. Bernard starred in the Russ Meyer film Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill! in 1965, and in two seasons of General Hospital in the late 1960s. She appeared in Playboy in December 1966, and was believed to be the first Jewish Playmate of the month, though in recent years Cindy Fuller, Miss May 1959, has claimed that she was the first Jewish Playmate. In an interview in the August 1998 issue of Femme Fatales, Bernard revealed, \"I was the first under-18 Jewish virgin who was in the centerfold placed in\n\nMerivale Road is an arterial road in the west end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It starts at Island Park Drive just north of Highway 417 and continues south until it ends at Prince of Wales Drive in Rideau Glen. South of Clyde Avenue, Merivale is known as Ottawa Road #17, while north of Clyde it is Ottawa Road #63. From Island Park Drive to Carling Avenue the road is as a small collector route, passing the Westgate Shopping Centre. South of Carling Avenue it is a minor arterial road that goes through the Carlington residential neighborhood. It passes just west of the Central Experimental Farm, land owned by the federal Government of Canada. South of Baseline Road, Merivale Road turns (it is actually the continuation of Clyde Avenue and Maitland Avenue) and becomes a major arterial route through a commercial district that contains several major malls, dozens of restaurants and\n\nJohn Winston Foran (March 13, 1952 \u2013 September 6, 2023) was a Canadian politician and police officer in New Brunswick. He was a member of Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick representing the electoral district of Miramichi Centre. Early life John Winston Foran was born in Newcastle, New Brunswick on March 13, 1952. He was a member of the local school board and of the Newcastle municipal council for four terms, including service as deputy mayor and acting mayor prior to Newcastle becoming a part of the City of Miramichi. When Miramichi became a city, Foran was made the superintendent of the Miramichi Police Force, having previously been the chief of police for Chatham. Political career Foran served on Newcastle town council from 1986 to 1995. Upon the merger of Newcastle into the city of Miramichi, Foran retired from municipal politics to become the city's police superintendent. A lifelong member of\n\nQuestion: What is Merivale Road", "output": "Merivale Road is an arterial road in the west end of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Madder Rose is a New York City-based alternative rock band who recorded in the 1990s. After a 20-year hiatus, a new album was released in September 2019. The band is fronted by Mary Lorson, who shares songwriting duties with guitarist Billy Cot\u00e9. The two singer/songwriters continued their collaboration after Madder Rose disbanded in 1999, Cot\u00e9 as guitarist and producer on Lorson's three albums with Saint Low, Lorson as guest vocalist on Cot\u00e9's Jazz Cannon album. Lorson and Cot\u00e9 have also created the original scores to several films, notably HBO's documentary What Remains: The Life and Work of Sally Mann, and in 2008, they released an album with Kathy Ziegler as the Piano Creeps. The name Madder Rose came from the herb-based paint rose madder. Many of their songs, including \"Panic On\" and \"Car Song\", were featured in John Peel's end-of-year round-up, the Festive Fifty, major feature films, and television shows.\n\nor is an island in Troms\u00f8 Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. It lies in the Troms\u00f8ysundet strait between the mainland and the larger island of Kval\u00f8ya. The city of Troms\u00f8 is located on the island, which has 39,882 residents. The island is connected to the Tromsdalen area on the mainland to the east by the Troms\u00f8 Bridge and Troms\u00f8ysund Tunnel, and to the village of Kval\u00f8ysletta on Kval\u00f8ya island to the west by the Sandnessund Bridge. Troms\u00f8 Airport is situated on the western side of the island. Prestvannet lake is located in the middle of the island, and the lake and the area around it is now a nature reserve area. The University of Troms\u00f8, Troms\u00f8 police station, Troms\u00f8 fire station, University Hospital of North Norway, and Troms\u00f8 Museum are all located on the eastern part of the island. References External links Google Maps satellite picture of Troms\u00f8ya\n\nIziduko (pl.) in Xhosa are family names that are considered more important than surnames among Xhosa people. Many Xhosa persons can trace their family history back to a specific male ancestor or stock. Mentioning the clan name of someone is the highest form of respect, and it is considered polite to enquire after someone's clan name on meeting. The clan name is also sometimes used as an exclamation by members of that clan. When a woman marries, she may take her husband's surname, but she always keeps her own clan name and adds the prefix \"Ma-\" to it. A man and a woman who have the same clan name may not marry, as they are considered to be related. References Sources Mlungisi Ndima (1988). A History of the Qwathi People from the Earliest Times to 1910. MA Thesis. Rhodes University. Kirsch et al. Clicking with Xhosa (2001). Cape Town: David\n\nQuestion: What is Troms\u00f8ya", "output": "or  is an island in Troms\u00f8 Municipality in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ernest Sosa (born June 17, 1940) is an American philosopher primarily interested in epistemology. Since 2007 he has been Board of Governors Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers University, but he spent most of his career at Brown University. Education and career Born in C\u00e1rdenas, Cuba, on June 17, 1940, Sosa earned his BA and MA from the University of Miami and his PhD from the University of Pittsburgh in 1964. His dissertation was supervised by Nicholas Rescher. He joined the Rutgers faculty in 2007, having taught at Brown University since 1964. While full-time at Brown, he was also a distinguished visiting professor at Rutgers every spring from 1998 to 2006. Sosa has been described as \"one of the most important epistemologists of the last half-century.\" Sosa is a past president of the American Philosophical Association and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He edits the philosophical\n\nThe was originally a French gazette and literary magazine first published in the 17th century, but after several incarnations has evolved as a publisher, and is now part of the \u00c9ditions Gallimard publishing group. The gazette was published from 1672 to 1724 (with an interruption in 1674\u20131677) under the title (sometimes spelled ; 1672\u20131674) and (1677\u20131724). The title was changed to in 1724. The gazette was briefly suppressed (under Napoleon) from 1811 to 1815 and ceased publication in 1825. The name was revived in 1890 for both a literary review and (in 1894) a publishing house initially linked with the symbolist movement. Since 1995 has been part of the \u00c9ditions Gallimard publishing group. The original Mercure galant and Mercure de France The Mercure galant was founded by the writer Jean Donneau de Vis\u00e9 in 1672. He directed the publication until his death in 1710. The name refers to the god\n\nVenezuela is a predominantly Christian country, with Islam being a minority religion. There are approximately 100,000 Muslims in Venezuela which make up 0.4 percent of the nation's population. Venezuela has a small but influential Muslim population. Many of them are Arabs of Lebanese, Palestinian, Syrian and Turkish descent. The capital city Caracas has a Muslim population of 15,000. The Mosque of Sheikh Ibrahim Al-Ibrahim in Caracas is the second largest mosque in Latin America. Located in a rapidly changing area of the city, this historic mosque features a dome, minaret and portal to signal its presence in the urban landscape, and devices such as the octagonal hall rising up from a platform to a circular dome to achieve the transition between the street and the interior of the prayer hall. It was constructed with funds from the Ibrahim bin Abdul Aziz Al-Ibrahim Foundation under the planning of architect Oscar Bracho.\n\nQuestion: What is Islam in Venezuela?", "output": "Venezuela is a predominantly Christian country, with Islam being a minority religion."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Diocese of Toledo in America () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or diocese, of the Catholic Church covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio in the United States. The diocese is a suffragan see of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Cincinnati. The See city for the diocese is Toledo. The eighth and current bishop of Toledo is Daniel Thomas. Our Lady, Queen of the Most Holy Rosary Cathedral is the mother church of the diocese. History 1700 to 1900 During the 17th century, present day Ohio was part of the French colony of New France. The Diocese of Quebec, had jurisdiction over the region. However, unlike other parts of the future American Midwest, there were no attempts to found Catholic missions in Ohio. In 1763, Ohio Country became part of the British Province of Quebec, forbidden from settlement by American colonists. After the American Revolution ended in 1783, Pope Pius\n\nSubterranean Records is an independent record label based in San Francisco. Founded by Steve Tupper and a then partner, Michael Fox in 1979, it focused on that city's underground punk and industrial music scene. Subterranean and fellow punk/alt/underground San Francisco label Alternative Tentacles both sprang forth from the DIY punk movement in 1979, and were quite successful on college and community radio stations in the US. These labels helped define the San Francisco punk movement. Subterranean was the more avant garde of the two. While originally just focused on documenting and promoting the SF area, over the years Subterranean has released records by artists from many areas and genres. Like many small DIY labels, Steve Tupper noted that bands were chosen based on his musical tastes. Subterranean had a small storefront record shop on Valencia Street for about 4 years, from about 1984 to 1988. The label has released a\n\nLeechModem was a BBS file transfer protocol client. LeechModem was compatible with protocols like XMODEM (and YMODEM), but it would mischievously NAK the last packet and then abort the file transfer. The user had successfully downloaded the file, but the BBS would mistakenly not count the aborted file transfer against the user's download quota. The user would need to know and input the filesize before the transfer so the client would know when to abort. Leech-modem was designed by Sam Brown. Leech ZMODEM was suggested by Sam Brown but written by a long lost friend in Atlanta, GA. Leech ZMODEM was a LeechModem variant that was compatible with the faster ZMODEM streaming file-transfer protocol. Subsequent versions of Leech ZMODEM were authored by Sam Brown. LeechModem was used successfully for 2-3 years by a small group of people centered in the 408 area code and 203 area code. It was not\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Roman Catholic Diocese of Toledo is.", "output": "The Diocese of Toledo in America is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or diocese, of the Catholic Church covering nineteen counties in northwestern Ohio in the United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bibleland is the eleventh album by Christian alternative rock band Daniel Amos, released in 1994 by BAI Records. The album is unusual for its loud, distorted noise pop sound, atypical of the band's other recordings. The title song mocks cheap religious merchandise in the form of a fictional Amusement Park (although based on several real parks) called \"Bibleland.\" The album's artwork includes a \"Circus\" style gatefold illustration by Douglas TenNapel. Track listing \"Broken Ladders to Glory\" (words and music by Taylor) \"Bibleland\" (words and music by Taylor) \"Theo's Logic\" (words and music by Taylor) \"Low Crawls and High Times\" (words and music by Taylor) \"Bakersfield\" (words and music by Taylor) \"Out in the Cold\" (words and music by Taylor) \"The Bubble Bursts\" (words and music by Taylor) \"Pete and Repeat\" (words and music by Taylor) \"Constance of the Universe\" (words and music by Taylor) \"I'll Get Over It\" (words and\n\nSfakianakis Group is a Greek company that primarily focuses on the import, distribution, and trading of automobiles, trucks, and buses employing over 2800 in 6 countries in 2014.. The company has been in operation for several decades and has established itself as a prominent player in the Greek automotive market. It is known for representing and distributing various international brands, including Mercedes-Benz, Setra, and other well-known manufacturers. Additionally, Sfakianakis Group is involved in the provision of after-sales services, spare parts, and accessories for the vehicles they distribute. They have an extensive network of dealerships and service centers throughout Greece to ensure customer satisfaction and maintain their strong market presence. History and evolution of the Industrial division The company's origins were based on vehicle manufacture. Originally called B\u00fcssing Hellas (after the German manufacturer whose engines it used) it was founded in 1957 succeeding earlier trading companies founded by the same family.\n\nOak Grove Lutheran School is a private, Lutheran school for students in pre-Kindergarten through grade 12 in Fargo, North Dakota. It was founded in 1906. Oak Grove began as school that housed mostly Norwegian schoolgirls. History In March 2009, the permanent dike surrounding the school was breached by the Red River, causing the school to relocate operations for the remainder of the school year. Athletics Oak Grove competes in the North Dakota High School Activities Association. Oak Grove offers baseball, basketball, golf, track and field, and volleyball. In conjunction with other Fargo schools, it also offers softball, cross country, ice hockey, soccer, swimming and diving, tennis, wrestling, and gymnastics. Fine arts Oak Grove students begin participating in music programs in elementary school. Students participate in choirs K-12. Elementary students can perform in the choir squad alongside their general music classes. Starting in 5th grade, students can participate in school bands.\n\nQuestion: What's Sfakianakis S.A.?", "output": "Sfakianakis Group is a Greek company that primarily focuses on the import, distribution, and trading of automobiles, trucks, and buses  employing over 2800 in 6 countries in 2014.."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Beverley High School is a girls' comprehensive school in Beverley, East Riding of Yorkshire, England. According to government league tables for 2018, it was the highest performing secondary school in the East Riding of Yorkshire, with a Progress 8 score of \"well above average\". In 2021 the school was rated as \"Outstanding\u201d by Ofsted, and \"Outstanding\" in every category including 6th form Beverley High School shares a joint sixth form with Beverley Grammar School. History Beverley High School opened on 23 September 1908. In 1933 its head was Ethel Sandford whose mother, Margaret Sandford had been head of The Queen's School in Chester. The school celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2008. Some of the school buildings were constructed in 1875, as part of St Mary\u2019s School, which became part of Beverley High School when it opened. Curriculum Key Stage 3/4 Beverley High School is a five-form comprehensive school for girls,\n\nThe Rwandese National Union (, UNAR) was a conservative, pro-monarchy political party in Rwanda. History Union Nationale Rwandaise (Rwandese National Union), or UNAR, was a conservative Rwandan political party. Founded on 3 September 1959, by Fran\u00e7ois Rukeba, and strongly supported by King Kigeri V. At the time, Rwanda was still under Belgian administration, and UNAR was the leading monarchist party. It called for immediate independence under a hereditary Tutsi constitutional monarchy. Michel Rwagasana became its secretary general. The party boycotted the 1960 local elections, but participated in the 1961 parliamentary elections, receiving 17% of the vote, winning 7 of the 44 seats in the Legislative Assembly. It joined a coalition government with the victorious Parmehutu, and was given the cabinet posts responsible for cattle and public health. On 21 December 1963 Rwandan Tutsi exiles from Burundi attacked a military camp in Gako, Bugesera. They then advanced on Kigali before being\n\nLaserburn is a set of wargaming rules written by Bryan Ansell in 1980. Written for use with 15mm sci-fi figures, but also playable with 25mm figures, the Laserburn set of rules, published by Tabletop Games, is set in a universe where man has reached the stars and the highest pinnacles of technology and is well on his way back to barbarism. The rules consist of 'Laserburn' and four other supplements, all of which are still available. A range of 15mm metal figures were produced for use with Laserburn and are still available. There is a small, but active, internet group promoting and expanding on the limited Laserburn background and rules. Some elements of the Laserburn rules, such as power and dreadnought armour, bolt guns and jet cycles were carried forward and appear in Warhammer 40,000 by Games Workshop whom Ansell worked for in the late 80s onwards. See also Imperial\n\nQuestion: What is Laserburn?", "output": "Laserburn is a set of wargaming rules written by Bryan Ansell in 1980."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kassena-Nankana Municipal is one of the fifteen districts in Upper East Region, Ghana. Originally it was formerly part of the then-larger Kassena-Nankana District in 1988, until the western part of the district was split off to create Kassena-Nankana West District on 29 February 2008; thus the remaining part has been renamed as Kassena-Nankana East District, which it was later elevated to municipal assembly status on 28 June 2012 to become Kassena-Nankana Municipal District. The municipality is located in the western part of Upper East Region and has Navrongo as its capital town. Background The municipality lies approximately between latitude 11\u00b010' and 10\u00b03' North and longitude 10\u00b01' West. The Municipality is bounded by seven (7) districts and one country; on the North by Kassena Nankana West District and Burkina Faso, on the East by Kassena Nankana West District, Bolgatanga Municipality, Talensi District and Bongo District, on the West by the Builsa\n\nCamilo Villegas Restrepo (; born 7 January 1982) is a Colombian professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. Early years Villegas was born in Medell\u00edn, Colombia, and took up golf as a child. After several different National Junior Championships in Colombia between the ages of 8 and 15, at 16 he became the first player in Colombian golf history to win the Amateur's Grand Slam in the same year: The National Junior Championship (stroke play), the National Junior Championship (match play), the National Amateur Championship, and the Colombian Open in the amateur category. Then, in 2001, he became only the second player to win the Colombian Open as an amateur. His success in Colombian golf throughout the 1990s earned him the distinction of \"Player of the Decade\" issued by the Colombian Golf Federation. College career Villegas accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida,\n\n\"Rude Mood\" is the sixth track on Stevie Ray Vaughan's debut album, Texas Flood. It is a blues shuffle instrumental in 4/4 (common time) and played at 264 beats per minute. The song was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance in 1984 but lost to Sting's \"Brimstone and Treacle\". Origin and structure \"Rude Mood\" is a take-off of a Lightnin' Hopkins song called \"Hopkins' Sky Hop\". Vaughan played this song in several live performances including Live at Carnegie Hall and can be seen on the DVD Live at Montreux 1982. There are also versions where he uses an acoustic guitar instead of his characteristic Stratocaster, while sometimes also taking it faster or slower than the recorded studio version. The song starts out with the main riff introduced by the guitar; the bass notes are played quickly with muted notes in between, resulting in a swung feel.\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Kassena-Nankana Municipal District is.", "output": "Kassena-Nankana Municipal  is one of the fifteen districts in Upper East Region, Ghana."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In mathematics, the correlation immunity of a Boolean function is a measure of the degree to which its outputs are uncorrelated with some subset of its inputs. Specifically, a Boolean function is said to be correlation-immune of order m if every subset of m or fewer variables in is statistically independent of the value of . Definition A function is -th order correlation immune if for any independent binary random variables , the random variable is independent from any random vector with . Results in cryptography When used in a stream cipher as a combining function for linear feedback shift registers, a Boolean function with low-order correlation-immunity is more susceptible to a correlation attack than a function with correlation immunity of high order. Siegenthaler showed that the correlation immunity m of a Boolean function of algebraic degree d of n variables satisfies m + d \u2264 n; for a given\n\nThanatus is a genus of false crab spiders described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1837, belonging to the order Araneae, family Philodromidae. Species of this genus are present in most of Europe. Adult members of this genus of spiders can reach in length and can mostly be encountered above the soil surface (epigeal organism) on low vegetation. The members of this genus have a clear leaf-like cardiac mark on the anterior dorsal elongated abdomen. They are very similar to Philodromus species, but they can mainly be distinguished by differences in the eyes. Species This genus includes approximately 100 species: Thanatus africanus Karsch, 1878 Thanatus albescens O. P.-Cambridge, 1885 Thanatus alpinus Kulczy\u0144ski, 1887 Thanatus altimontis Gertsch, 1933 Thanatus arcticus Thorell, 1872 Thanatus arenarius Thorell, 1872 Thanatus arenicola (Schmidt, 1976) Thanatus aridorum Silhavy, 1940 Thanatus atlanticus Berland, 1936 Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875 Thanatus balestrerii Caporiacco, 1935 Thanatus bungei (Kulczynski, 1908) Thanatus chorillensis\n\nSophie Milman (born 1983) is a Russian-born Canadian jazz vocalist. After emigrating from Russia in the early 1990s, Milman, who is Jewish, spent most of her childhood years in Israel where she listened extensively to jazz. Her family later emigrated to Toronto, Canada. Milman's self-titled debut album was released on October 12, 2004, in Canada by Linus Entertainment and in 2006 in the United States by Koch. She graduated from the University of Toronto in 2011 with a Bachelor of Commerce degree. Milman is married to lawyer, professor, and musician Casey Chisick. He was executive producer on her albums Make Someone Happy (2007) and Take Love Easy (2009) as well as her concert DVD Live in Montreal (2008). Milman's recording of \"So Long, You Fool\" is used in commercials for Air Wick's Winter Collection candles. Milman won 2008 Juno Award for Vocal Jazz Album of the Year for Make Someone\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Thanatus is.", "output": "Thanatus is a genus of false crab spiders described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1837, belonging to the order Araneae, family Philodromidae."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Professor Jamil is a municipality in south-central Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. The population was 3,203 (2020) in a total area of 347.4 km2. Geographical information Located 66 kilometers south of the state capital, Goi\u00e2nia, on BR-153, Professor Jamil has boundaries with the following municipalities: north: Hidrol\u00e2ndia; south: Mairipotaba and Piracanjuba; east: Piracanjuba; west: Crom\u00ednia and Mairipotaba In road connections there are two state highways and several local roads linking the rural area to the town. The most important interstate highway of the state\u2014BR153\u2014crosses the municipality from north to south, connecting Professor Jamil to all the regions of Brazil. History The origin of the town goes back to 1942 when a group of people got together and built a football field. Soon the first grocery store appeared. The first mass was prayed in 1952 when the settlement was called Campo Limpo. Soon it became a district of Piracanjuba and was emancipated in\n\nFranti\u0161ek Kmoch (1 August 1848 \u2013 30 April 1912) was a Czech composer and conductor. Life and career Franti\u0161ek Kmoch was born in Z\u00e1smuky near Kol\u00edn, Bohemia. His father was a tailor and a clarinetist who performed folk music. As a child, Franti\u0161ek learned to play the violin, and by the age of 10 he was already beginning to compose small pieces. In 1868 he was studying at the Teachers College in Prague, and by 1869 he had become a teacher in Suchdol. In addition to his occupation as a teacher, he zealously performed in several ensembles, continued to develop himself as a conductor, and composed. In 1873 he was excluded from further assignment as an instructor, allegedly because he had neglected his teaching duties, preferring instead to appear with performing ensembles at balls. It has been suggested, however, that the dismissal was a political decision, since Kmoch did not\n\nThe Pousette-Dart Band [poo-sette] (also known as PDB) was an American soft rock group active in the 1970s and early 1980s. Conceived in 1973 as a string band from Cambridge, Massachusetts, PDB comprised Jon Pousette-Dart, John Troy and John Curtis. With a shift to a more commercially oriented sound and a steady succession of additional personnel, the group went on to record a series of four albums for their label Capitol Records, two of which (Amnesia and Pousette-Dart Band 3) made the Billboard album chart. Their single \"For Love\" reached #83 on the Billboard singles chart. Although the band formally broke up in 1981, members reunited in 1991 for a series of concerts, and a \"Best Of\" album was released in 1994. Since then, collaborations among various former personnel have continued, with original members Pousette-Dart and Troy also launching solo careers. The song \"Fall on Me\" from the band's second\n\nQuestion: Define Pousette-Dart Band.", "output": "The Pousette-Dart Band [poo-sette] was an American soft rock group active in the 1970s and early 1980s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Parham is a village and civil parish in the East Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England. Located seven miles north of Woodbridge, in 2005 it had a population of 300, reducing to 263 at the 2011 census and according to the 2011 census there were 129 males and 134 females living at this time. The flint-built parish church of St Mary, though restored in 1886, dates from the late 14th Century and was likely built for William de Ufford. The Rood screen is from the 15th Century. Parham is located on the B1116. William Willoughby, 1st Baron Willoughby of Parham is interred in the church, too. Parham Airfield Museum is located nearby. Parham railway station, on the Framlingham Branch, was shut to passenger traffic in November 1952. Between 1870 and 1872 John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer visited Parham and wrote the following as an entry for the parish.PARHAM, a\n\nThe Henry Guest House is in New Brunswick, Middlesex County, New Jersey, at Livingston Avenue and Morris Street. It was originally located on New Street (previously known as Carroll Place) between Livingston Avenue and George Street. The Georgian stone farmhouse was built in 1760 by Henry Guest. He was a New Brunswick alderman and an associate of John Adams and author Thomas Paine. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 24, 1976. Henry Guest, who operated a tannery, bought two and a half acres on the corner of Livingston Avenue and Carroll Place (New Street) in 1755. He built a sandstone house five years later and lived there with his family until his death in 1815. Henry Guest said, \"If his descendants would only keep a roof on it, the house would stand till Gabriel blew his trumpet.\" In an 1817 sales advertisement the building\n\nTiarella cordifolia, the heart-leaved foamflower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Saxifragaceae. The specific name cordifolia means \"with heart-shaped leaves\", a characteristic shared by all taxa of Tiarella in eastern North America. It is also referred to as Allegheny foamflower, false miterwort, and coolwort. Historically, the name Tiarella cordifolia has referred to the one and only species of Tiarella in eastern North America, but in 2021, the species was split into multiple taxa, which caused the name to have a different meaning. For clarity, the qualified name Tiarella cordifolia sensu stricto (abbreviated s.s.) refers to the new taxon while Tiarella cordifolia sensu lato refers to the old taxon. Tiarella cordifolia sensu lato is wide-ranging across eastern North America while Tiarella cordifolia sensu stricto is narrowly confined to the East Coast of the United States. Cultivars of Tiarella are valued in horticulture for their erect stems of foamy\n\nQuestion: What is Parham, Suffolk?", "output": "Parham is a village and civil parish in the East Suffolk district of Suffolk in eastern England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Johnny Kalsi is a British Indian dhol drum performer residing in London. He rose to prominence as a former member of Transglobal Underground and the founder of the Dhol Foundation. He also is a member of the Afro Celt Sound System and The Imagined Village. Biography Early life Kalsi was born in Leeds, Yorkshire in 1967. His parents had emigrated to the United Kingdom from Kenya. His grandfather had earlier moved to Mombasa from Punjab. As a youth, he was interested in music, though his parents had other aspirations for him, hoping he would become a doctor or lawyer. Kalsi was self-taught as a drummer when he joined a school jazz trio and they performed at school concerts and assembly hall meetings. He was also the drummer in the orchestra as well as in a rock band in school. His exposure to a variety of genres embraced both traditional Indian\n\nPrincess Augusta of Denmark (8 April 1580 \u2013 5 February 1639) was the Duchess of Holstein-Gottorp as the wife of Duke John Adolf. She was the third daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark and Sophia of Mecklenburg-G\u00fcstrow. She was politically influential during the reign of her son, Duke Frederick III. Life In August 1594 there were negotiations for Augusta to marry Maurice, Prince of Orange, involving her sister the Queen of Scotland, but the plan was abandoned. Earlier in Augusta's life, another match for her had been considered. Between 1589 and 1590 there had been plans for a marriage between Princess Augusta and William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel's eldest son Maurice. It was Duke Adolf of Gottorp's widow, Duchess Christine, Landgrave William's sister, who was particularly interested in this party. The Gottorp councillor Casper Hoyer, stable master in Eiderstedt, was sent to Danish Chancellor Niels Kaas repeatedly to negotiate\n\nMoritz Pasch (8 November 1843, Breslau, Prussia (now Wroc\u0142aw, Poland) \u2013 20 September 1930, Bad Homburg, Germany) was a German mathematician of Jewish ancestry specializing in the foundations of geometry. He completed his Ph.D. at the University of Breslau at only 22 years of age. He taught at the University of Giessen, where he is known to have supervised 30 doctorates. In 1882, Pasch published a book, Vorlesungen \u00fcber neuere Geometrie, calling for the grounding of Euclidean geometry in more precise primitive notions and axioms, and for greater care in the deductive methods employed to develop the subject. He drew attention to a number of heretofore unnoted tacit assumptions in Euclid's Elements. He then argued that mathematical reasoning should not invoke the physical interpretation of the primitive terms, but should instead rely solely on formal manipulations justified by axioms. This book is the point of departure for: Similarly concerned Italians:\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Augusta of Denmark.", "output": "Princess Augusta of Denmark was the Duchess of Holstein-Gottorp as the wife of Duke John Adolf."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Three Days of Rain is a play by Richard Greenberg that was commissioned and produced by South Coast Repertory in 1997. The title comes from a line from W. S. Merwin's poem, \"For the Anniversary of My Death\" (1967). The play has often been called Stoppardian but Greenberg says he wasn't aware of Stoppard's work before he wrote the play but instead claims 1967 BBC series The Forsyte Saga was a much greater influence. Three Days of Rain was nominated for the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Plot Walker and his sister Nan meet in an unoccupied studio in lower Manhattan in 1995. Walker, who had disappeared the day after his father's funeral, now months later is living in this apartment where his father Ned Janeway and business partner, Theo Wexler, once lived and worked designing the famous \"Janeway House\". Walker has found their father's journal and attempts to use\n\nA deanery (or decanate) is an ecclesiastical entity in the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican Communion, the Evangelical Church in Germany, and the Church of Norway. A deanery is either the jurisdiction or residence of a dean. Catholic usage In the Catholic Church, Can.374 \u00a72 of the Code of Canon Law grants to bishops the possibility to join together several neighbouring parishes into special groups, such as vicariates forane, or deaneries. Each deanery is headed by a vicar forane, also called a dean or archpriest, who is\u2014according to the definition provided in canon 553\u2014a priest appointed by the bishop after consultation with the priests exercising ministry in the deanery. Canon 555 defines the duties of a dean as: promotion and coordination of the common pastoral activity within the deanery; seeing that the clerics of the deanery lead a life in harmony with their state in life\n\nJoseph Moore Dixon (July 31, 1867May 22, 1934) was an American Republican politician from Montana. He served as a Representative, Senator, and the seventh Governor of Montana. A businessman and a modernizer of Quaker heritage, Dixon was a leader of the Progressive Movement in Montana and nationally. He was the nation chairman for Theodore Roosevelt running for the presidency as the candidate of the Progressive Party in 1912. His term as governor, 1921\u20131925, was unsuccessful, as severe economic hardship limited the opportunities for action by the state government, and his great enemy the Anaconda Copper company mobilized its resources to defeat reform. Early life Dixon was born in Snow Camp, North Carolina, to a Quaker family, the son of Flora Adaline (Murchison) and Hugh W. Dixon. His father operated a farm and a small factory. Dixon attended Quaker colleges, Earlham College in Indiana and Guilford College in North Carolina, graduating\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Joseph M. Dixon is.", "output": "Joseph Moore Dixon was an American Republican politician from Montana."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Haideng (; also sometimes spelled as Hai Teng and Hai-tank in older translations) (14 August 1902\u201311 January 1989) was a Buddhist monk, martial artist and emeritus abbot of Shaolin Temple during the 20th century. He was born Fan Wubing () in Jiangyou County, Sichuan province. His parents gave him the name \"Fan Wubing\", which means Fan the Never Sick, in hopes that this might improve his being constantly sick when he was young. At the age of 19, Fan Wubing was accepted into Sichuan University, but did not attend due to financial difficulties. Instead, he attended Sichuan Police Academy, but later dropped out in pursuit of martial arts training. Hai Deng was famous for his one-finger Chan, one of the 72 arts of the Shaolin temple, with which he could support most of his body weight on one finger. Thanks to a visit to the USA in 1985, he was\n\nThe Petwo (), also spelled Petro and alternatively known as , are a family of lwa (loa) spirits in the religion of Haitian Vodou. They are regarded as being volatile and \"hot\", in this contrasting with the Rada lwa, which are regarded as sweet-tempered and \"cool.\" Description The Petwo are also known as the Dompete. They are considered one of the ('nations') of lwa spirits in the religion. Various commentators have described the Petwo as a \"pantheon\" of deities. Along with the Rada, they are one of the two main groups of lwa worshipped by practitioners in Port-au-Prince. The Petwo spirits are considered to be volatile and hot-tempered, exhibiting bitter, aggressive, and forceful characteristics. In this they contrast with the Rada lwa, who are deemed sweet-natured and dependable. The Petwo lwa are kept separate from the Rada lwa, both spatially, by placing their altars in different parts of the (temple),\n\nStarsuckers is a 2009 British documentary film aiming to expose the \"shams and deceit involved in creating a pernicious celebrity culture\". Directed by Chris Atkins, director of the 2007 documentary Taking Liberties, it shows the production team planting a variety of celebrity-related stories in the UK media, such as a claim that the singer Avril Lavigne had been seen asleep in a nightclub. A variety of tabloid newspapers accepted the stories without corroboration or evidence. The film launched as part of the British Film Institute's 53rd Film Festival. Thirty minutes of footage from the film were shown to the Leveson Inquiry as part of the evidence presented by the film's director, Chris Atkins. Legal threats from Max Clifford On 23 October 2009, six days before the Starsuckers premiere, the makers reported that they had received an e-mail from the law firm Carter-Ruck, acting on behalf of controversial publicist Max Clifford\n\nQuestion: What's Petwo lwa?", "output": "The Petwo, also spelled Petro and alternatively known as , are a family of lwa spirits in the religion of Haitian Vodou."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Block Truncation Coding (BTC) is a type of lossy image compression technique for greyscale images. It divides the original images into blocks and then uses a quantizer to reduce the number of grey levels in each block whilst maintaining the same mean and standard deviation. It is an early predecessor of the popular hardware DXTC technique, although BTC compression method was first adapted to color long before DXTC using a very similar approach called Color Cell Compression. BTC has also been adapted to video compression. BTC was first proposed by Professors Mitchell and Delp at Purdue University. Another variation of BTC is Absolute Moment Block Truncation Coding or AMBTC, in which instead of using the standard deviation the first absolute moment is preserved along with the mean. AMBTC is computationally simpler than BTC and also typically results in a lower Mean Squared Error (MSE). AMBTC was proposed by Maximo Lema\n\nJohn Thomas Gulick (March 13, 1832 \u2013 April 14, 1923) was an American missionary and naturalist from Hawaii. He was one of the pioneers of modern evolutionary thinking based on his studies of Hawaiian snails of the genus Achatinella. He was among the first to describe the formation of species through geographic separation of breeding populations. He developed early ideas on the founder effect and what is now known as the Baldwin effect. He coined the term \"divergent evolution\". Life Gulick was born in Waimea on Kauai Island, during the Kingdom of Hawaii. His father was missionary Peter Johnson Gulick (1796\u20131877) and mother was Fanny Hinckley Thomas Gulick (1798\u20131883). Early in life he went to Oregon and sought gold in California. In 1851, he started to collect and study Hawaiian land snails. He had been interested in snails (a field now known as Conchology) since his early teens, and developed\n\nAcetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the chemical compound with the formula and structure . It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in its pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution. Pure acetylene is odorless, but commercial grades usually have a marked odor due to impurities such as divinyl sulfide and phosphine. As an alkyne, acetylene is unsaturated because its two carbon atoms are bonded together in a triple bond. The carbon\u2013carbon triple bond places all four atoms in the same straight line, with CCH bond angles of 180\u00b0. Discovery Acetylene was discovered in 1836 by Edmund Davy, who identified it as a \"new carburet of hydrogen\". It was an accidental discovery while attempting to isolate potassium metal. By heating potassium carbonate with carbon at very high temperatures, he produced\n\nQuestion: What's J. T. Gulick?", "output": "John Thomas Gulick was an American missionary and naturalist from Hawaii."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lee Seng Wee (; 4 April 1930 \u2013 7 August 2015) was a Singaporean banker and businessman. Early life Lee was the third son of Lee Kong Chian, and maternal grandson of Tan Kah Kee. Lee was educated at the Anglo-Chinese School in Singapore before graduating from the University of Toronto, where he studied engineering. He subsequently completed a Master of Business Administration degree at the University of Western Ontario, where he topped his class. Career Upon returning to Singapore, Lee joined the Lee Rubber Company and rose to the position of vice-chairman. He subsequently became a director of the second-largest bank in Southeast Asia, OCBC Bank, where he served from 1966 to 2016, and later chairman from 1995 to 2003. He orchestrated a S$2.4 billion takeover bid for Singapore's then-fifth largest bank, Keppel Capital Holdings in June 2001. In 2003, Lee stepped down as chairman and moved to a\n\nLiam is a short form of the Irish name Uilliam or the old Germanic name William. Etymology The original name was a merging of two Old German elements: willa (\"will\" or \"resolution\"); and helma (\"helmet\"). The juxtaposition of these elements effectively means \"helmet of will\" or \"guardian\". When the Frankish Empire was divided, the name developed differently in each region. In Northern Francia, Willahelm developed first into \"Willelm\" and then into \"Willaume\" in Norman and Picard, and \"Guillaume\" in Ile-de-France French. The Norman form was further developed by the English into the familiar modern form \"William\". Origin Although the names Willahelm and Guillaume were well known in England before 1066, through Saxon dealings with Guillaume, Duc de Normandie, it was viewed as a \"foreign\" name. The Norman Conquest had a dramatic effect on English names. Many if not most Saxon names, such as Ethelred, died out under the massive influx\n\nDesperation Band is a worship band led by Jon Egan, and part of the worship ministry of New Life Church in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The band has been featured on the main stage at Creation East and Kingdom Bound, and has led worship in the Worship Tent at both Creation East and KingdomBound. They have also been featured on Teen Mania's Acquire the Fire tour dates in stadiums around the country. Their albums, recorded live at New Life Church, appear on Integrity\u2019s Vertical Music label and feature \"high-energy, passionate new worship songs that convey the hunger of their generation for God.\" Career Desperation Band was first formed in 2001, when New Life Church pastor David Perkins suggested that Jon Egan, Jared Anderson, and Glenn Packiam play together with their bands at the first Desperation Conference. Held annually in July, Desperation Conferences draw thousands of college and high school students. The\n\nQuestion: What's Desperation Band?", "output": "Desperation Band is a worship band led by Jon Egan, and part of the worship ministry of New Life Church in Colorado Springs, Colorado."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "North Common is a village just outside Warmley, Bristol, in South Gloucestershire, England. Historically this was a rural hamlet surrounded by farmland. The residents are fortunate enough that to the east of the village is attractive rolling countryside, with views of Lansdown, and the surrounding hills. The village is on the eastern outskirts of Bristol and approximately halfway between Bristol city centre and the neighbouring city of Bath. North Common is a semi rural village, adjacent to the villages of Warmley, Oldland Common and Bridgeyate. To the east of the village is open farmland and greenbelt which is only a few minutes walk. The village is home to the Bath Ales brewery. The Bristol and Bath Railway Path passes through North Common and steam trains from the Avon Valley Steam Railway travel as far as North Common where the rail track terminates. Many local children attend St Barnabas CE Primary\n\nThe Book of Ezra is a book of the Hebrew Bible; which formerly included the Book of Nehemiah in a single book, commonly distinguished in scholarship as Ezra\u2013Nehemiah. The two became separated with the first printed rabbinic bibles of the early 16th century, following late medieval Latin Christian tradition. Composed in Hebrew and Aramaic, its subject is the Return to Zion following the close of the Babylonian captivity. Together with the Book of Nehemiah, it represents the final chapter in the historical narrative of the Hebrew Bible. Book of Ezra is divided into two parts: the first telling the story of the first return of exiles in the first year of Cyrus the Great (538 BC) and the completion and dedication of the new Temple in Jerusalem in the sixth year of Darius I (515 BC); the second telling of the subsequent mission of Ezra to Jerusalem and his struggle\n\nThe Journal of Peace Research is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes scholarly articles and book reviews in the fields of peace and conflict studies, conflict resolution, and international security. It was established by Johan Galtung in 1964 and has been published since 1998. Nils Petter Gleditsch was editor-in-chief from 1983 to 2010; between 2010 and 2017 the editor was Henrik Urdal, and as of July 2010 the editor is Gudrun \u00d8stby (all researchers at the Peace Research Institute Oslo). Abstracting and indexing Journal of Peace Research is abstracted and indexed in Scopus and the Social Sciences Citation Index. According to the Journal Citation Reports, its 2017 impact factor is 2.419, ranking it 14th out of 86 journals in the category \"International Relations\" and 32nd out of 169 journals in the category \"Political Science\". See also List of political science journals References External links Journal page at the Peace\n\nQuestion: What is Journal of Peace Research", "output": "The Journal of Peace Research is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes scholarly articles and book reviews in the fields of peace and conflict studies, conflict resolution, and international security."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Duress in English law is a complete common law defence, operating in favour of those who commit crimes because they are forced or compelled to do so by the circumstances, or the threats of another. The doctrine arises not only in criminal law but also in civil law, where it is relevant to contract law and trusts law. Contract law Duress involves illegitimate threats. The common law long allowed a claim if duress was of a physical nature. So long as a threat is just one of the reasons a person enters an agreement, even if not the main reason, the agreement may be avoided. In Barton v Armstrong Mr Armstrong tried to \"strong-arm\" Mr Barton into paying him a large golden parachute to exit a business by getting his goons to make death threats to Barton's family. Even though Barton was tough, and would have probably done the payout\n\nEvaline Ness (April 24, 1911 \u2013 August 12, 1986) was an American commercial artist, illustrator, and author of children's books. She illustrated more than thirty books for young readers and wrote several of her own. She used a great variety of artistic media and methods. As an illustrator of picture books she was one of three Caldecott Medal runners-up each year from 1964 to 1966 and she won the 1967 Medal for Sam, Bangs and Moonshine, which she also wrote. In 1972 she was the U.S. nominee for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award for children's illustrators. Life Ness was born Evaline Michelow in Union City, Ohio and grew up in Pontiac, Michigan. As a child she illustrated her older sister's stories with collages cut from magazine pictures. She studied at Ball State Teachers College 1931\u201332 to become a librarian, then at Chicago Art Institute 1933\u201335 to become a\n\nGiulio Variboba (Arb\u00ebrisht: Jul Variboba; 1725\u20131788) was an Arb\u00ebresh poet that gave an important contribution to the literature in the Albanian language. Life Variboba was born in San Giorgio Albanese in the province of Cosenza to a family originally from the Mallakastra region of southern Albania. He studied at the Corsini seminary in San Benedetto Ullano, a centre of learning and training for the priesthood of the Italo-Albanian Catholic Church. This seminary, founded in 1732 by Pope Clement XII, affected the cultural advancement of the Arb\u00ebresh of Calabria in the eighteenth century similar to that of the Greek seminary of Palermo for the Arb\u00ebresh of Sicily. Variboba, one of its first students, was ordained as a priest in 1749 and returned to his native San Giorgio to assist his elderly father Giovanni, archpriest of the parish. Even during his studies at the Corsini seminary, Variboba had shown a definite preference\n\nQuestion: What is Duress in English law", "output": "Duress in English law is a complete common law defence, operating in favour of those who commit crimes because they are forced or compelled to do so by the circumstances, or the threats of another."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gwydir Castle is situated in the Conwy valley, Wales, a mile to the west of the ancient market town of Llanrwst and to the south of the large village of Trefriw. An example of a fortified manor house dating back to , it is located on the edge of the floodplain of the river Conwy, and overlooked from the west by the now-forested slopes of Gwydir Forest. Etymology The name Gwydir derives from the Welsh gwo- 'under, low' and tir 'land', referring to the land beside the river Conwy. Any similarity with the Welsh word gwydr 'glass' is coincidental. History There have been fortifications associated with this site since AD 600. In the Early Middle Ages, numerous skirmishes were fought in the area between the post-Roman kingdoms of Wales. Two significant encounters were in AD 610, when Llywarch Hen, a bardic prince of Rheged, fought a bloody battle nearby and\n\nThe Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system. One character common to many members of the order is the production of glucosinolate (mustard oil) compounds. Most systems of classification have included this order, although sometimes under the name Capparales (the name chosen depending on which is thought to have priority). The order typically contains the following families: Akaniaceae \u2013 two species of turnipwood trees, native to Asia and eastern Australia Bataceae \u2013 salt-tolerant shrubs from America and Australasia Brassicaceae \u2013 mustard and cabbage family; may include the Cleomaceae Capparaceae \u2013 caper family, sometimes included in Brassicaceae Caricaceae \u2013 papaya family Cleomaceae Gyrostemonaceae \u2013 several genera of small shrubs and trees endemic to temperate parts of Australia Koeberliniaceae \u2013 one species of thorn bush native to Mexico and the US Southwest Limnanthaceae \u2013 meadowfoam family Moringaceae\n\nThe Southern Districts Football Club, nicknamed the Crocs, is an Australian rules football club established in 1981. The club plays in the Northern Territory Football League at semi-professional level and represent the rural area of Litchfield. Premier League ('A' Grade) The club won their first ever 'A' Grade Premiership under Coach Mark Motlop in the 1997/98 season defeating St Mary's. Michael \"Magic\" McLean coached for a number of seasons commencing with the 2006/07 Premiership season. Shannon Rusca became Senior Coach in the 2012/13 season. Shannon who played as the youngest Premier League premiership player as a 17-year-old in the club's first 'A' grade Premiership in the 1997/98 season was Captain in the 2006/07 season Premiership winning team playing as a Player / Assistant Coach under \"Magic\". Then in the 2017/18 season coached the team to the club's third Premier League premiership. Club achievements History The club was formed in the\n\nQuestion: Define Gwydir Castle.", "output": "Gwydir Castle is situated in the Conwy valley, Wales, a mile to the west of the ancient market town of Llanrwst and  to the south of the large village of Trefriw."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The MG C-type is a sports car that was produced by MG from 1931 to 1932. It was designed for competition use and based on the M-Type Midget. A special car, EX120 had been developed from the M-Type for George Eyston to make an attempt on the 750 cc class 24-hour record at Autodrome de Montlh\u00e9ry in France. The attempt was successful and a series of replica cars were made which became the C-Type. The car used a tuned short-stroke (73 mm) version of the bevel gear driven overhead camshaft engine from the 1928 Morris Minor and Wolseley 10 with a single SU carburettor and a new crankshaft producing at 6400 rpm. It could from 1932 be had with the crossflow head to be seen later on the MG J-type and a Powerplus supercharger version was also available with at 6500 rpm. Drive was to the rear wheels through a\n\nAdrian Wright (1 July 1947 \u2013 28 November 2015) was English Australian actor remembered for his roles in the 1970s children's television series Freewheelers and the Australian serial Prisoner in which he played male nurse Neil Murray, after playing an off-duty policeman in episode 10. Personal life and career Born in Maidenhead, England, he was the son of Matvin Wright, a painter and first appeared as an actor in repertory theatres in England and Wales. He subsequently moved to Australia where he continued his career. His most prominent role is probably that of Neil Murray in Prisoner. He was married to Australian actress and singer Abigail, he died in 2015. Selected filmography Film End Play (1975) as Andrew Gifford Summerfield (1977) as Peter Flynn The Survivor (1981) as Goodwin Sky Pirates (1986) as Valentine The Lighthorsemen (1987) as Lawson Gross Misconduct (1993) as Kenneth Carter Body Melt (1993) as Thompson\n\nCzes\u0142awa Gospodarek (n\u00e9e Cie\u015blak; 10 June 1938 \u2013 5 December 2011), known by her stage name Violetta Villas, was a Polish and international cabaret star, singer, actress, composer and songwriter. Her voice was characterized as coloratura soprano, which spanned over four octaves. She could play the piano, violin, and trombone and had absolute pitch. Characterisations of her included \"the voice of the atomic age\", \"the singing toast of the continent\", \"a voice like French champagne\", and the \"Polish Yma Sumac\". Villas was the first star of the Casino de Paris at Dunes Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas (1966\u20131970). Villas was known for her conspicuous wardrobe and number-one hits. During her show business career, Villas acted in six films, performed in numerous musical shows, and recorded almost three hundred songs in ten languages, including Polish, English, French, German, Italian, Latin, Neapolitan, Russian, Spanish and Portuguese. She was an animal rights\n\nQuestion: What is MG C-type?", "output": "The MG C-type is a sports car that was produced by MG from 1931 to 1932."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The city of Smyrna (modern-day \u0130zmir) and surrounding areas were under Greek military occupation from 15 May 1919 until 9 September 1922. The Allied Powers authorized the occupation and creation of the Zone of Smyrna () during negotiations regarding the partition of the Ottoman Empire to protect the ethnic Greek population living in and around the city. The Greek landing on 15 May 1919 was celebrated by the substantial local Greek population but quickly resulted in ethnic violence in the area. This violence decreased international support for the occupation and led to a rise in Turkish nationalism. The high commissioner of Smyrna, Aristeidis Stergiadis, firmly opposed discrimination against the Turkish population by the administration; however, ethnic tensions and discrimination remained. Stergiadis also began work on projects involving resettlement of Greek refugees, the foundations for a university, and some public health projects. Smyrna was a major base of operations for Greek\n\nThe Coppell Independent School District is a school district based in Coppell, Texas (USA). The district includes most of Coppell and small parts of Grapevine, Irving (including a portion of Valley Ranch), Dallas and Lewisville. In 2009, the school district was rated \"recognized\" by the Texas Education Agency. In 2022, the school district was accused of tolerating racism and bullying against minority students. Overview and History The district was created as Coppell Independent School District by a vote of the local citizenry in 1959. In 1927, Dallas County Schools had acquired of land for $900 upon which to build Pinkerton Elementary, the only campus to serve Coppell children attending kindergarten through the eighth grade. At that time, the total number of students in grades K-8 was about 175. Until the first high school was built, at what is currently the site for Coppell Middle School West, Coppell students wishing to\n\nCalgon Carbon Corporation is a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania based company that manufactures and markets products that remove contaminants and odors from liquids and gases, both for industrial, municipal, and consumer markets. Calgon Carbon's product lines typically use activated carbon in various forms, Originally formed as the Pittsburgh Coke & Chemical Company in the 1940s, the company's main operations are currently centered in North America. The company has its presence overseas such as Chemviron Carbon in Europe, Calgon Carbon Japan KK in Japan, Calgon Carbon Thailand Ltd. in Thailand, and Hyde Marine, Inc. As of 2015 Calgon Carbon operates fifteen facilities for manufacturing, reactivation, and equipment in the US, Asia, and Europe, and employs around 1,100 people. In early 2015 the company moved their headquarters from the Pittsburgh suburb of Robinson to nearby Moon Township. History Formation and government contract (1940s\u20131950s) Calgon Carbon Corporation was founded as the Pittsburgh Coke and Chemical\n\nQuestion: Define Calgon Carbon.", "output": "Calgon Carbon Corporation is a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania based company that manufactures and markets products that remove contaminants and odors from liquids and gases, both for industrial, municipal, and consumer markets."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wafa Sultan (; born June 14, 1958) is a Syrian-American medical doctor, writer, and critic of Islam. Early life and career Sultan was born into a modest middle class Alawite family in Baniyas, Syria. Although Sultan wanted to be a writer, and would have preferred to study Arabic literature, she studied at the medical faculty at the University of Aleppo due to pressure from her family. She says that she was shocked into secularism by the 1979 atrocities committed by Islamic extremists of the Muslim Brotherhood against innocent Syrians. She states that while she was a medical student, she witnessed the machine-gun assassination of her professor, Yusef al Yusef, an ophthalmologist from the university who was renowned outside Syria. \"They shot hundreds of bullets into him, shouting, 'Allahu Akbar!' \" she said. \"At that point, I lost my trust in their god and began to question all our teachings. It\n\nThe Rumps (, meaning fort at Pentire) () is a twin-headland promontory at the north-east corner of Pentire Head in north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The promontory is formed from hard basaltic rock (see also Geology of Cornwall) and projects north into the Atlantic Ocean. Its headlands lie east-to-west. A small offshore island named The Mouls lies off the eastern headland; the western headland is named Rumps Point. Access to The Rumps is via the South West Coast Path from Polzeath or by an inland public footpath from the car park at Pentire Farm. The entire Pentire headland, including The Rumps, is under the stewardship of the National Trust. Sightseeing boat tours regularly sail around The Rumps from the nearby port of Padstow. It is also listed by the RSPB as one of Cornwall's \"prime spots\" to see the corn bunting, a species of high conservation priority. Iron Age fort\n\nErich Schmid was a Swiss composer and conductor. He was born on 1 January 1907 in Balsthal, Switzerland and died on 17 December 2000 in Z\u00fcrich. He studied composition with Bernhard Sekles at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt and later with Arnold Sch\u00f6nberg. Among many other international conducting roles, he was chief conductor of the Tonhalle Orchestra, Z\u00fcrich from 1949 to 1957. Literature Peter Cahn: Das Hoch'sche Konservatorium in Frankfurt am Main (1878-1978), Frankfurt am Main: Kramer, 1979. (Seite 268ff) Chris Walton: \"... in my duty to defend the truth\", Erich Schmid in Schoenberg's Berlin Composition Class; in: Tempo, a quarterly review of Modern Music No. 218, Oktober 2001, p. 15-19, ill. Chris Walton: Schoenberg's Alpine wanderer: Erich Schmid at 100; in: The Musical Times, no. 1897, Winter 2006, p. 5-22, ill. External links Erich Schmid Biography Sound recordings of works of the composer from the archives of SRG SSR\n\nQuestion: Who was Wafa Sultan?", "output": "Wafa Sultan is a Syrian-American medical doctor, writer, and critic of Islam."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Shomron Regional Council (, Mo'atza Azorit Shomron, English Samaria Regional Council) is an Israeli regional council in the northern portion of the Israeli-occupied West Bank. Thirty-five Israeli settlements fall under its jurisdiction. As of December 2020 the jurisdiction area of the council has a population of about 47,200 people. The main offices are located in the Barkan Industrial Park. The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this. Covering 2,800 square kilometers of the West Bank, it was, prior to the fall of 2005 when some of its municipal land was abandoned as part of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan, the largest Israeli regional council in municipal area. In August 2015, Yossi Dagan was elected to position of Chairman of Shomron Regional Council, with 62% of the vote. Geography The municipal area of the Council spreads across 2,800 square\n\nSonorasaurus is a genus of brachiosaurid dinosaur from the Early to Late Cretaceous (Albian to Cenomanian stages, around 112 to 93 million years ago). It was a herbivorous sauropod whose fossils have been found in southern Arizona in the United States. Its name, which means \"Sonora lizard\", comes from the Sonora River that flows in the Sonoran Desert where its fossils were first found. The type species is S. thompsoni, described by Ratkevich in 1998. Discovery Fossilized remains were discovered in November 1994 by geology student Richard Thompson in the Turney Ranch Formation, located in the Chihuahua Desert region of the Sonoran Desert in southern Arizona. Thompson had investigated a previously almost unexplored region, where fossils proved to be plentiful and directly accessible on the surface. A relatively complete sauropod skeleton was weathering out on a rock wall. He informed paleontologist Ronald Paul Ratkevich of the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Tucson\n\nThe Marching Knights (also known as The Pride of Central Florida) are the official marching band of The University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida, USA. The Marching Knights are the largest and the most visible student organization at the University of Central Florida. They are known for their high-energy performances and unique drill designs. Their musical selections are also notable for including a variety of genres. History In 1979, the University of Central Florida fielded their first football team, and subsequently created a marching band to support it. On July 1, 1980, Jerry Gardner was hired as the first director of what would become the UCF Marching Knights. With the help of the young Troy Driggers, who would become one of the first drum majors (along with Ken DeBord), Gardner poured through the file of every UCF student looking for those who had marching/band experience and invited them to\n\nQuestion: What is Shomron Regional Council?", "output": "The Shomron Regional Council is an Israeli regional council in the northern portion of the Israeli-occupied West Bank."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Naked Ape: A Zoologist's Study of the Human Animal is a 1967 book by English zoologist and ethologist Desmond Morris that looks at humans as a species and compares them to other animals. The Human Zoo, a follow-up book by Morris that examined the behaviour of people in cities, was published in 1969. Summary The Naked Ape, which was serialised in the Daily Mirror newspaper and has been translated into 23 languages, depicts human behaviour as largely evolved to meet the challenges of prehistoric life as a hunter . The book was so named because out of 193 species of monkeys and apes, only humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) are not covered in hair. Desmond Morris, the author, who had been the curator of mammals at London Zoo, said his book was intended to popularise and demystify science. Morris said that Homo sapiens not only have the largest brains of\n\nHockey Newfoundland and Labrador (HNL) is the governing body of all amateur hockey ice hockey in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Hockey Newfoundland and Labrador is a branch of Hockey Canada. History Hockey Newfoundland and Labrador (HNL) was founded as the Newfoundland Amateur Hockey Association (NAHA) on December 20, 1935 in the St. John's Law offices of Robert S. Furlong on 315 Duckworth Street to govern hockey in all regions of Newfoundland. Furlong was the first President of NAHA and kept that position until 1952. Don Johnson was elected president of the NAHA in 1966 and wanted to expand minor ice hockey as one of its permanent programs. He expected that the NAHA could join the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) within five years if the terms of affiliation were acceptable, and to be admitted independent of and equal to the Maritime Amateur Hockey Association. He sought for the CAHA to\n\nA service record is a collection of either electronic or printed material which provides a documentary history of a person's activities and accomplishments while serving as a member of a given organization. Service records are most often associated with the military, but are commonly found in other groups, such as large corporations or for use by employees of a civilian government. Australian armed forces Service records for the Australian Army, are available at the National Archives of Australia website. The service records of the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force are also available. World War I service records provide the dates when the person was \"in the field\", that is with his unit on active service, if and when they embarked for oversea service, and the names of the units in which the person served. The service record also documents other changes\u2014promotions, transfers, time at base, the date\n\nQuestion: What's The Naked Ape?", "output": "The Naked Ape: A Zoologist's Study of the Human Animal is a 1967 book by English zoologist and ethologist Desmond Morris that looks at humans as a species and compares them to other animals."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lucas Monteverde (born December 18, 1976) is an Argentine professional polo player with a handicap of 9 (formerly 10). He grew up near the town of 25 de Mayo, Buenos Aires Province, at the estancia El Rinc\u00f3n. The ranch is run by his father Lucas, and uncle Marcelo Monteverde, one of the world's most successful coaches. He is married to the Argentine model Loli Lopez and has two children. Monteverde has played polo since a very early age and turned professional with a 5-goal handicap travelling to Europe. Today, Monteverde, has grown into one of the world's finest defensive players, is well known for his outstanding work rate and horsemanship on the field. During his career, he played for teams including La Martina, Ellerstina & notably La Dolfina. Monteverde's first Grand Slam win was at the 2005 Veuve Clicquot Cowdray Park Gold Cup, where he was called in as a\n\nAnders Celsius (; 27 November 170125 April 1744) was a Swedish astronomer, physicist and mathematician. He was professor of astronomy at Uppsala University from 1730 to 1744, but traveled from 1732 to 1735 visiting notable observatories in Germany, Italy and France. He founded the Uppsala Astronomical Observatory in 1741, and in 1742 proposed (an inverted form of) the Centigrade temperature scale which was later renamed Celsius in his honour. Early life and education Anders Celsius was born in Uppsala, Sweden, on 27 November 1701. His family originated from Ovan\u00e5ker in the province of H\u00e4lsingland. Their family estate was at Doma, also known as H\u00f6jen or H\u00f6gen (locally as H\u00f6gen 2). The name Celsius is a latinization of the estate's name (Latin 'mound'). As the son of an astronomy professor, Nils Celsius, nephew of botanist Olof Celsius and the grandson of the mathematician Magnus Celsius and the astronomer Anders Spole, Celsius\n\nThe aorta ( ; : aortas or aortae) is the main and largest artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart, branching upwards immediately after, and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits at the aortic bifurcation into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries). The aorta distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the systemic circulation. Structure Sections In anatomical sources, the aorta is usually divided into sections. One way of classifying a part of the aorta is by anatomical compartment, where the thoracic aorta (or thoracic portion of the aorta) runs from the heart to the diaphragm. The aorta then continues downward as the abdominal aorta (or abdominal portion of the aorta) from the diaphragm to the aortic bifurcation. Another system divides the aorta with respect to its course and the direction of blood flow. In this system, the\n\nQuestion: Who was Lucas Monteverde?", "output": "Lucas Monteverde is an Argentine professional polo player with a handicap of 9."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bookkeeping is the recording of financial transactions, and is part of the process of accounting in business and other organizations. It involves preparing source documents for all transactions, operations, and other events of a business. Transactions include purchases, sales, receipts and payments by an individual person or an organization/corporation. There are several standard methods of bookkeeping, including the single-entry and double-entry bookkeeping systems. While these may be viewed as \"real\" bookkeeping, any process for recording financial transactions is a bookkeeping process. The person in an organisation who is employed to perform bookkeeping functions is usually called the bookkeeper (or book-keeper). They usually write the daybooks (which contain records of sales, purchases, receipts, and payments), and document each financial transaction, whether cash or credit, into the correct daybook\u2014that is, petty cash book, suppliers ledger, customer ledger, etc.\u2014and the general ledger. Thereafter, an accountant can create financial reports from the information recorded\n\nCarol Ronning Kapsner (born November 25, 1947) is a former Justice of the North Dakota Supreme Court. Carol Ronning Kapsner was born and raised in Bismarck, North Dakota. She graduated with B.A. degree in English literature from College of St. Catherine, studied 17th-century English literature at Oxford University, received a Master of Arts degree in English literature from Indiana University, and a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Colorado School of Law in Boulder, Colorado, in 1977. She was appointed to the Supreme Court in 1998. She retired from active service on July 31, 2017. Career 1977 - started the law firm of Kapsner and Kapsner 1980 - served as president of the Burleigh County Bar Association. 1988-1996 - appointed by the Bar Association to serve on the Judicial Conference 1998 - appointed by Governor Ed Schafer to fill vacancy created by Justice Herbert L. Meschke 2000 - elected\n\nWilliam Henry Hanzlik (born December 6, 1957) is an American former professional basketball player and coach. College career A 6'7\" guard, Hanzlik played college basketball at the University of Notre Dame. He was selected for the 1980 US Men's Olympic Team, which did not compete due to the US's boycott of the Moscow Games. However, in 2007 he did receive one of 461 Congressional Gold Medals created especially for the spurned athletes. Professional career He was selected with the 20th pick of the 1980 NBA draft by the Seattle SuperSonics. A defensive specialist, at the time of his selection Hanzlik had the lowest college scoring average (7.2 ppg) for any player selected in the first round of the draft. Hanzlik played in the NBA for ten years \u2013 two with the Sonics and eight with the Denver Nuggets. He was a 1986 All-Defense second team selection. He worked as an\n\nQuestion: Who is Carol Ronning Kapsner?", "output": "Carol Ronning Kapsner is a former Justice of the North Dakota Supreme Court."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Allyson Kay Duncan (born September 5, 1951, in Durham, North Carolina) is a former United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. She was the Fourth Circuit's first female African American judge. Background Duncan received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Hampton University in 1972 and a Juris Doctor from Duke University School of Law in 1975. She was an associate editor at the Lawyers Co-Operative Publishing Company from 1976 to 1977. Duncan then served for one year as a law clerk to Judge Julia Cooper Mack of the District of Columbia Court of Appeals from 1977 to 1978. In 1978, Duncan joined the staff of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. By the time she left in 1986, she had served in a variety of important posts at the commission: appellate attorney, assistant to the deputy general counsel, assistant to the chairman, acting\n\nAdolph Stephan Friedrich Jentsch (29 December 1888 Dresden \u2013 18 April 1977 Windhoek) was a German-born Namibian artist. He studied at the Dresden Staatsakademie f\u00fcr Bildende K\u00fcnste (Dresden Art Academy, today's College of Fine Arts) for six years, and used a travel grant award to visit France, Italy, UK and the Netherlands. Jentsch moved to Namibia in 1938 to escape the approaching war and lived there until his death. He travelled extensively in Namibia and eventually settled down near Dordabis, about 60 km from the capital Windhoek. He is one of Namibia's most famous painters. Life and career Germany Jentsch was the son of a Lutheran church official, Stephan Jentsch, and his wife Adele. He attended the gymnasium of the Brudergemeine Zinzendorf, at Nieski. Six years of further education followed at Dresden's Staatsakademie f\u03cbr Bildende K\u00fcnste. Other student artists at the Academy were Max Pechstein, George Grosz and Kurt Schwitters.\n\nGibberellic acid (also called gibberellin A3 or GA3) is a hormone found in plants and fungi. Its chemical formula is C19H22O6. When purified, it is a white to pale-yellow solid. Plants in their normal state produce large amounts of GA3. It is possible to produce the hormone industrially using microorganisms. Gibberellic acid is a simple gibberellin, a pentacyclic diterpene acid promoting growth and elongation of cells. It affects decomposition of plants and helps plants grow if used in small amounts, but eventually plants develop tolerance to it. GA stimulates the cells of germinating seeds to produce mRNA molecules that code for hydrolytic enzymes. Gibberellic acid is a very potent hormone whose natural occurrence in plants controls their development. Since GA regulates growth, applications of very low concentrations can have a profound effect while too much will have the opposite effect. It is usually used in concentrations between 0.01 and 10\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Allyson K. Duncan.", "output": "Allyson Kay Duncan is a former United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Houndsharks, the Triakidae, are a family of ground sharks, consisting of about 40 species in nine genera. In some classifications, the family is split into two subfamilies, with Mustelus, Scylliogaleus, and Triakis in the subfamily Triakinae, and the remaining genera in the subfamily Galeorhininae. Houndsharks are distinguished by possessing two large, spineless dorsal fins, an anal fin, and oval eyes with nictitating eyelids. They are small to medium in size, ranging from in adult length. They are found throughout the world in warm and temperate waters, where they feed on fish and invertebrates on the seabed and in midwater. Genera Furgaleus Whitley, 1951 (whiskery shark) Galeorhinus Blainville, 1816 (school shark) Gogolia Compagno, 1973 (sailback houndshark) Hemitriakis Herre, 1923 Hypogaleus J. L. B. Smith, 1957 (blacktip tope) Iago Compagno & Springer, 1971 Mustelus H. F. Linck, 1790 (smooth-hound) Scylliogaleus Boulenger, 1902 Triakis J. P. M\u00fcller & Henle, 1839 See also List\n\nMacau was under Portuguese rule from 1557 until 1999. During the final period of colonial administration prior to the handover to China, Portugal retained only limited numbers of military personnel in Macau for liaison and support purposes; the last major units having been withdrawn following the Carnation Revolution of 1974. The Macao Garrison of the People's Liberation Army was established in 1999. Military installations Fortaleza do Monte 1616\u20131762 Barra Fort \u2014 1620s it once had 22 cannons and now site of Pousada De S\u00e3o Tiago Macau S\u00e3o Francisco Barracks 1864 \u2014 now home to the Office of the Secretary for Security Mong-H\u00e1 Fort 1864\u20131960s \u2014 fort consisted of barracks with 10 artillery pieces Army Historic The permanent Portuguese military garrison of Macau dates from March 1691, replacing the employment as needed of sailors from warships based in the colony. During much of the colonial period, the Portuguese garrison of Macau\n\nThe Patriot League men's basketball tournament is held at the conclusion of each regular season. The winner of the tournament is awarded an automatic bid to the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship. Tournament finals results Sources: Championships by school ^ Regular season co-champion *In 2021, Navy finished 12\u20131, the best regular season winning percentage and received the #1 seed in the league tournament. However, the Patriot League did not award Navy a regular season title due to the unbalanced schedule. Navy played only 5 of the other 9 teams in the league and played more than half of their league games against just two teams. \u2020 Fordham departed the Patriot League in all sports (except football) in 1995. Postseason results All-time Patriot League Tournament records Records *Fordham left the Patriot League in men's basketball after the 1994\u201395 season, with a cumulative tournament record of 7\u20133 in its 5 seasons\n\nQuestion: What is Patriot League men's basketball tournament", "output": "The Patriot League men's basketball tournament is held at the conclusion of each regular season."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nawab Fazal Nawaz Jung Bahadur (-1964) was a noted Hyderabadi politician and financier during the period of the Nizam of Hyderabad Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII. Birth and Family He was born Syed Fazlullah in Hyderabad, India to a family of ancient Arab nobility. His father's antecedents traced their lineage to Muhammad, insuring their position in the upper classes of Hyderabadi society. The family were singular for their piety and devotion to the disadvantaged classes, though they were not known for their particular wealth. However, the successful political career of their most famous son would launch the family to a level of prominence in the Raj rivaling that of the Nizam himself. Marriage, children and early life Fazal Nawaz Jung married the sahibzadi Habeeba Begum, a lady of an illustrious and prodigiously wealthy Delhi family whose father was known to be one of Hyderabad's richest men. Habeeba's father\n\nGrandfontaine () is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. History Grandfontaine is first mentioned in 1136 as Granfontana. Geography Grandfontaine has an area of . Of this area, or 64.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 28.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 6.7% is settled (buildings or roads) and or 0.2% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.7%. Out of the forested land, 25.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 40.0% is used for growing crops and 23.1% is pastures, while 1.3% is used for orchards or vine crops. The municipality is located in the Porrentruy district, in a small valley near the Porrentruy to Besan\u00e7on road.\n\nKurt Schottenheimer (born October 1, 1949) is an American former football coach who was a position coach and coordinator at the college and professional levels for almost 40 years. During his National Football League (NFL) career, Schottenheimer coached with the Cleveland Browns, Kansas City Chiefs, San Francisco 49ers, Washington Redskins and Detroit Lions, and finished as the head coach for the Virginia Destroyers of the United Football League. College Schottenheimer was a junior college All-American quarterback at Coffeyville Community College, and led the nation in passing as a sophomore. The following year, he transferred to the University of Miami, where he started for his remaining two seasons at defensive back. Schottenheimer was inducted into Coffeyville's athletic Hall of Fame in 2000. Coaching career Collegiate coaching Schottenheimer then pursued a coaching career in the college ranks, working as the defensive coordinator for William Paterson University in 1974, the linebackers and defensive\n\nQuestion: Define Grandfontaine, Switzerland.", "output": "Grandfontaine is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Boudh District is an administrative and a municipal district, one of the thirty in the Odisha, India. The district headquarters of the Boudh District is the city of Boudh. History The early history of Boudh is uncertain. The discovery of Buddhist artifacts from Boudh has led historians to believe that Boudh was an important center of Buddhism. There are inscriptions that indicate that in the middle of the 8th century CE Boudh region was a part of Khinjali Mandala and it was under the rule of the Bhanja rulers. The earliest known ruler of this Bhanja dynasty was Nettabhanja who was the independent ruler of the Dhenkanal region. But his successors migrated towards Boudh-Sonepur region and founded Khinjali Mandala. They ruled there as the feudatory of the Bhauma-Karas of Tosali. The name Khinjali Mandala appears for first time in Sonepur Copper Plate grant of Satrubhanja Dev.Satrubhanja Dev was son of\n\nJohn Kosh, known simply as Kosh, is an English art director, album cover designer, graphic artist, and documentary producer/director. He was born in London, England and rose to prominence in the mid-1960s while designing for the Royal Ballet and the Royal Opera House. He was the creative director of Apple Corps for The Beatles and was art director and album cover designer for Abbey Road and Let It Be, as well as other Apple artists. History As art director of Art & Artists Magazine, he met the Beatles towards the end of the 1960s and was hired as Creative Director for Apple Records, where he was responsible for design, promotion and publicity. During this period he designed albums for a clientele that covered numerous British rock bands including the Rolling Stones. In 1969 Kosh handled the War Is Over campaign for John Lennon and Yoko Ono and created the famous\n\nThe Clumsy Lovers are a folk rock/bluegrass/Celtic jam band formed in Vancouver, British Columbia with more than 2500 performances in the United States and Canada. The 2015 line-up consists of Jason Homey on banjo and mandolin, Jeff Leonard on bass guitar and vocals, Chandra Johnson on fiddle and vocals, Devin Rice on drums, and Trevor Rogers on vocals and guitar. History All of the band's original members were previously members of The Paperboys, reforming as The Clumsy Lovers in 1993 after the Paperboys' original lineup broke up due to creative differences. Later many of the original members left, and the band changed its name temporarily to the Six Million Dollar Band. In 2002 the Clumsy Lovers toured Canada and the US. with Devon Wells, and have performed in various rock clubs. Fiddler Jode and songwriter Chris Jonat are a former members of the band, as is Andrea Lewis. The band\n\nQuestion: What's Clumsy Lovers?", "output": "The Clumsy Lovers are a folk rock/bluegrass/Celtic jam band formed in Vancouver, British Columbia with more than 2500 performances in the United States and Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Games of the Small States of Europe (GSSE) is a biennial multi-sport event, launched by the Republic of San Marino, organized by and featuring the National Olympic Committees of ten European small states since 1985. The Games are held at the end of May or beginning of June and feature competition in nine Summer Olympic sports. Member countries The games are organized by the members of the European Olympic Committees (EOC). From its initial forming at the 1984 Olympics through 2009, there were eight members; the group's ninth member (Montenegro) was admitted in 2009. Members all have a population of less than one million people (Cyprus is the only exception; however, its population was below one million in 1984). The participating countries are: (*) Montenegro became the ninth GSSE country on 1 June 2009. The Faroe Islands are also seeking to compete at the Games; however, unlike the other\n\nThe River Wild is a 1994 American thriller film starring Meryl Streep, Kevin Bacon, and David Strathairn. It was directed by Curtis Hanson and written by Denis O'Neill. It follows a young family whose white-water rafting holiday turns into a nightmare when they are taken hostage by a pair of armed fugitives. The film was theatrically released in the United States on September 30, 1994, by Universal Pictures. It was a box office success, grossing $94.2 million worldwide against a $45 million budget. Streep was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award for her performance, while Bacon received a Golden Globe nomination for his performance. Plot A Boston couple, Gail and Tom Hartman, are having marital problems, mostly due to Tom, an architect, spending so much time working. Gail, a history teacher and former river guide, is taking their son, Roarke, on a rafting trip\n\n\"Get Down on It\" is a 1981 song by American band Kool & the Gang. It was originally released on their Something Special album in 1981. The single was certified Gold by the RIAA. Record World called it a \"kinetic dancer\" and said that the \"chant-like chorus hook is contagious.\" Track listing Charts The song hit the top 10 of the US Pop and R&B charts in Billboard in early 1982. It entered the UK charts in December 1981 and reached number three, their highest-charting hit in the UK at that time. It spent a total of 12 weeks on the British play list. Ten years later, it was re-released in the UK charts \u2013 on the Mercury label \u2013 but only charted for a week (at number 69). Weekly charts Year-end charts Charts for Eiffel 65 remix Certifications Cover versions Peter Andre version \"Get Down on It\" was re-recorded\n\nQuestion: What is The River Wild?", "output": "The River Wild is a 1994 American thriller film starring Meryl Streep, Kevin Bacon, and David Strathairn."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Hyundai Terracan is a mid-size SUV produced by the South Korean manufacturer Hyundai Motor Company from 2001 to 2007. Overview The design of the Hyundai Terracan was originally previewed by the Hyundai Highland concept and featured a chassis derived from the second generation Mitsubishi Pajero. It was powered by one of three engines: a 2.9 liter diesel inline-four Hyundai J engine, a 2.5 liter diesel inline-four licensed from Mitsubishi (4D56), and a 3.5 liter petrol V6 Hyundai Sigma engine. The car's name derives from Tarascan, a Mesoamerican empire state was located in west central Mexico. The Terracan was replaced by the Hyundai Veracruz. Markets Australia Australian specification Terracans were available in three trim levels - base and Highlander. Highlander models came standard with leather seats, climate control airconditioning and an automatic 4wd differential that engaged 4wd on the fly. All models came with low range gearing and a separate\n\nCharacter dance is a specific subdivision of classical dance. It is the stylized representation of a traditional folk or national dance, mostly from European countries, and uses movements and music which have been adapted for the theater. Character dance is integral to much of the classical ballet repertoire. A good example of character dance within ballet is the series of national dances which take place at the beginning of Act II of Swan Lake. The ballet Don Quixote also features many character variations based on traditional Spanish dances. Popular character dance adaptations for ballet also include the national dances of Hungary , Russia, Poland, Italy and Spain: cs\u00e1rd\u00e1s, mazurka, tarantella, flamenco, etc. One of the best known schools that incorporate character dance to teaching syllabus is Vaganova Ballet Academy. Outside of Russia and the former republics of the late Soviet Union, there is little training in the art of character\n\nScotscalder railway station is a railway station located in the Highland council area in the far north of Scotland. It serves several rural hamlets in the historic county of Caithness, including Scotscalder, Olgrinmore, Westerdale and Calder. It is accessed from the B870 road, south of Scotscalder Hall. The station is situated on the Far North Line, down the line from , between Altnabreac and Georgemas Junction. It has a single platform which is long enough to accommodate a four-carriage train. The station is managed by ScotRail, who operate all trains serving the station. History The station was opened by the Sutherland and Caithness Railway on 28 July 1874. In 1988 the station house was sold by the British Railways Board for conversion to a residential dwelling. Following the conversion, in 1993, the station house was sold again and renovated further, for which the owner won the Ian Allan Railway Heritage\n\nQuestion: Define Scotscalder railway station.", "output": "Scotscalder railway station is a railway station located in the Highland council area in the far north of Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Staryi Sambir (, ) is a city in Sambir Raion, Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine, close to the border with Poland. Staryi Sambir hosts the administration of Staryi Sambir urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is approximately History The exact date of establishment of the town is not known. Sambir, known in Polish as Sambor, was for the first time mentioned in documents in 1378. At that time, it was a private town of the noble Herburt family, part of Przemysl Land, Ruthenian Voivodeship, Kingdom of Poland. In 1501, a Roman Catholic church was opened here, and in 1553, Sambir received a town charter. In 1668, a town hall was built here, and in the early 18th century, the local church was remodelled. Until 1772 (see Partitions of Poland), Sambir belonged to Przemysl Land, Ruthenian Voivodeship. From 1772 until late 1918, Sambir belonged to Austrian Galicia.\n\nStruthiosaurus (Latin struthio = ostrich + Greek sauros = lizard) is a genus of nodosaurid dinosaurs, from the Late Cretaceous period (Santonian-Maastrichtian) of Austria, Romania, France and Hungary in Europe. It was a small dinosaur, measuring in length and weighing . History of discovery In 1859, geologist Eduard Suess at the Gute Hoffnung coal mine at Muthmannsdorf near Wiener Neustadt in Austria, discovered a dinosaur tooth on a stone pile. With the help of mine intendant Pawlowitsch it was attempted to find the source of the fossil material. The search proved fruitless at first but ultimately a thin marl layer was discovered, intersected by an obliquely sloping mine shaft, which contained an abundant number of various bones. These were subsequently excavated by Suess and Ferdinand Stoliczka. The marl was a fresh water deposit, now considered part of the Gr\u00fcnbach Formation. The finds were stored in the museum of the University\n\nTransform Drug Policy Foundation (Transform) is a registered non-profit charity based in the United Kingdom working in drug policy reform. As an independent think tank, Transform works to promote public health, social justice and human rights through drug policy reform, seeking to achieve these goals through the legal regulation of the production, supply and use of drugs. Transform began as an independent campaign group called Transform Drugs Campaign Ltd, and was set up in 1996 by its former Head of External Affairs, Danny Kushlick. The organisation achieved charitable status in 2003 and was renamed 'Transform Drug Policy Foundation' in 2004. In 2007, Transform became the first UK based non-governmental organisation calling for drug law reform to be granted special consultative status at the United Nations. In 2012, Transform launched a Latin American programme of work in collaboration with the Mexico City-based NGO M\u00e9xico Unido Contra la Delincuencia (MUCD). In 2015,\n\nQuestion: What is Transform Drug Policy Foundation", "output": "Transform Drug Policy Foundation is a registered non-profit charity based in the United Kingdom working in drug policy reform."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Pacific Lumber Company, officially abbreviated PALCO, and also commonly known as PL, was one of California's major logging and sawmill operations, located 28 miles (45 km) south of Eureka and 244 miles (393 km) north of San Francisco. Begun in 1863, PALCO was managed over most of the twentieth century by generations of the Simon J. Murphy, Sr. Family or managers chosen by the Murphys from 1905 through 1985. Primary operations existed in massive log storage and milling operations at the historic company town of Scotia, California, located adjacent to US 101 along the Eel River. Secondary mills were located in nearby Fortuna and Carlotta. PALCO had extensive timber holdings exceeding well over 200,000 acres (890 km\u00b2) in the Redwood and Douglas-Fir forests of Humboldt County. For generations, it was one of the largest private employers in the entire region, appropriately known as the Redwood Empire. The company was\n\nA water bar or interceptor dyke is a road or trail construction feature that is used to prevent erosion on sloping roads, cleared paths through woodland (for utility companies such as electricity pylons), or other accessways by reducing flow length. It is a diagonal channel across the road that diverts surface water (that would otherwise flow down the whole length of the road) off the road and into a stable drain way. By constructing a series of water bars at intervals along a road, the volume of water flowing down the road is reduced. Without water bars, flooding, washouts, and accelerated road degradation can occur. The drain way carries the water that would otherwise be carried by the road. For proper operation of the water bars it must be stable and regularly inspected to ensure that it is free of silt buildup or other obstructions. Water bars are usually constructed\n\nDuncan Tucker is an American film director and screenwriter. Tucker was born in Kansas City and grew up between Kansas City and Phoenix, Arizona. He graduated from New York University. After the short subject film The Mountain King (2000), which was screened at over thirty international festivals, he wrote and directed his first feature film, Transamerica in 2005. His book Many Fish is published by Ascent, and his photos and pictures are exhibited at many New York art galleries. Awards 2005 Verzaubert International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival \u2014 Rosebud Award (Best Feature Film) for Transamerica 2005 San Francisco International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival \u2014 Audience Award (Best Feature) for Transamerica 2005 Deauville Film Festival - Best Screenplay for Transamerica 2005 Berlin International Film Festival - Siegess\u00e4ule Readers' Prize for Transamerica 2006 Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay for Transamerica 2005 Woodstock Film Festival \u2014 Audience Award for\n\nQuestion: What is Pacific Lumber Company?", "output": "The Pacific Lumber Company, officially abbreviated PALCO, and also commonly known as PL, was one of California's major logging and sawmill operations, located 28 miles south of Eureka and 244 miles north of San Francisco."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Yauatcha is a Chinese restaurant in Broadwick Street, Soho, London, England, specialising in dim sum. The restaurant was created in 2004 by Alan Yau, who previously created the Japanese Wagamama and Thai Busaba Eathai restaurant chains as well as the more expensive Hakkasan restaurant, also in London. Like Hakkasan, Yauatcha gained a Michelin star rating in 2005, which it lost in 2019. In January 2008, Yau sold a majority interest in Yauatcha and Hakkasan to Tasameem, part of the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority. Yauatcha opened a branch in Mumbai in December 2011, and another branch in Bangalore in September 2013, Delhi in November 2013 Kolkata in September 2014, with Honolulu and Houston locations both opening later in 2017. The Honolulu and Houston locations have since closed. See also List of Chinese restaurants References External links Restaurants established in 2004 Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster Chinese restaurants in\n\nPop rap (also known as pop hip-hop, hip pop, pop hop, melodic hip-hop or melodic rap) is a genre of music fusing the rhythm-based lyricism of hip-hop music with pop music's preference for melodious vocals and catchy tunes. The lyrics are often lighthearted, with choruses similar to those heard in pop music. This genre gained mainstream popularity during the 1990s, though the influences and roots of pop rap can trace back to late-1980s hip-hop artists such as Run-DMC, LL Cool J, and Beastie Boys. Characteristics AllMusic describes pop rap as \"a marriage of hip hop beats and raps with strong melodic hooks, which are usually featured as part of the chorus section in a standard pop-song structure.\" Pop rap also tends to have less aggressive lyrics than street-level rap music. However, some 1990s artists fused pop rap with a more aggressive attitude to defuse backlash on their own accessibility. Music\n\nArgus (formerly known as Petroleum Argus Ltd) is an independent provider of price information, consultancy services, conferences, market data and business intelligence for the global petroleum, natural gas, electricity, emissions, biofuels, biomass, LPG, metals, chemicals, fertilizers, agriculture and coal industries. Overview Argus is a privately held UK-registered company which produces price assessments and analysis of international energy and other commodity markets, and also offers consulting services and conferences. Argus was the first price-reporting agency to apply an IOSCO audit for its energy benchmarks. Argus was owned by the family of its founder Jan Nasmyth and its senior staff, but in September 2016 a majority-stake was sold to the equity firm General Atlantic valuing the company at $1.4 billion. Argus's headquarters are in London, with major offices in Houston, Dubai, Singapore, Paris, Seoul, Amsterdam, Hamburg, Riga, Kyiv, Astana, Calgary, San Francisco, Mexico City, Washington DC, Pittsburgh, New York, Sao Paulo, Tokyo,\n\nQuestion: What is Argus Media?", "output": "Argus is an independent provider of price information, consultancy services, conferences, market data and business intelligence for the global petroleum, natural gas, electricity, emissions, biofuels, biomass, LPG, metals, chemicals, fertilizers, agriculture and coal industries."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell (13 September 1750, in Weilburg \u2013 24 February 1823, in Munich) was a German landscape gardener from Weilburg an der Lahn. He is regarded as the founder of the English gardens in Germany, which he introduced to the German experts with his writings on garden design. His manner of grouping and choice of plants is still used to an extent in German landscaping today. Career Sckell was trained in the Court Market Garden in Schwetzingen near Mannheim and worked after his apprenticeship in Bruchsal, Paris, and Versailles. From 1773 to 1777, he was in England busying himself with English-style gardening. Upon his return, Sckell redesigned the gardens of Sch\u00f6nbusch Park in Aschaffenburg for the Prince-Electors of Mainz and Archbishop Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal in the English style, as well as those of Sch\u00f6ntal Park. Afterwards he was responsible for the beginning of the Schwetzinger Gardens\n\nCINQ-FM is a multilingual Canadian radio station located in Montreal, Quebec. It broadcasts on 102.3 MHz using a directional antenna with an average effective radiated power of 1,285 watts and a peak effective radiated power of 2,335 watts (class A). Its studios are located on Saint-Laurent Boulevard in Montreal. The station operates under a community radio licence and offers varied programming in seven different languages whereas all programmes are produced and animated by volunteers. It identifies itself as \"Radio Centre-Ville\". CINQ-FM opened on 27 January 1975; at the time the station was on 99.3 MHz and used only 7.5 watts of power. Originally, the station aired programming in five different languages, hence the call sign (\"cinq\" being the French word for \"five\"). Those five languages were English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Greek. It has since added Arabic and Haitian Creole programming to its lineup. External links Official website CINQ-FM's Chinese\n\n\"The Testament of Arkadia\" is the twenty-third episode of the first series of Space: 1999. The screenplay was written by Johnny Byrne; the director was David Tomblin. The final shooting script is dated 5 February 1975, with a revised final shooting script dated 25 February 1975. Live-action filming took place Tuesday 11 February 1975 through Tuesday 25 February 1975. Story Late into the simulated Alpha 'night', John Koenig sits alone in his office, updating the official log. As he reviews the past several days, the viewer can hear his thoughts courtesy of a voice-over narration. He reflects on how their struggle to survive in a hostile universe had long erased casual recollection of the cataclysm that hurled the Moon out of Earth orbit; however, recent events on the planet Arkadia have revived this painful memory, as the Alphans were forced to reconsider their purpose in space. The Commander's solemn words\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell is.", "output": "Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell was a German landscape gardener from Weilburg an der Lahn."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Ashbury Carriage and Iron Company Limited was a manufacturer of railway rolling stock founded by John Ashbury in 1837 in Commercial Street, Knott Mill in Manchester, England, near the original terminus of the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway. It moved to Ashton Old Road, Openshaw in 1841 and became a limited company in 1862 as The Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company. After the founder's death in 1866, the company was owned by his son, James Lloyd Ashbury. In 1898 the works covered about and employed about 1,700. Later history In 1902 the business was transferred to Saltley in Birmingham when it merged with Ashbury, Brown and Marshalls. This was absorbed into the Metropolitan Amalgamated Railway Carriage & Wagon Company, which later became the Metropolitan-Cammell Carriage & Wagon Co. Examples of its rolling stock survive to this day on preserved railways all over the world. The company name was\n\nThe Clontarf Foundation is a not-for-profit organisation that assists in the education and employment of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men. Overview With support from the corporate/philanthropic sector, state/Territory governments and the Federal Government, academies now operate in 141 schools in Western Australia, the Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. The founder and Chief Executive Officer is Gerard Neesham, former coach of Fremantle Football Club. Staff include former teachers, youth workers, professional football players and people from a range of industries. The original Clontarf Football Academy was established in 2000 at the Clontarf Aboriginal College site in Waterford, Western Australia. Since then, Clontarf academies have expanded to the Northern Territory, South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. Locations Academies now operate in the following locations: Western Australia \u2013 Broome Senior High School Carnarvon Community College Cecil Andrews College Champion Bay Senior High School Clontarf\n\nHemi-Vision is the third album by Canadian blues-rock band Big Sugar. The album was nominated for Best Rock Album at the 1997 Juno Awards. The singles from the album were \"Diggin' a Hole\", \"If I Had My Way\", \"Gone For Good\", and \" Up Baby\". The band also recorded a French language version of \" Up Baby\", entitled \"Ouvres-toi B\u00e9b\u00e9\", for radio airplay in Quebec (see also Chauffe \u00e0 bloc). Background The album was recorded in six weeks at Presence Studios and Phase One Studios. According to Gordie Johnson, this was the first album that the band had recorded with an adequate budget, having $65,000 Canadian at their disposal. Johnson collaborated with several other songwriters for this album. \"Gone for Good\", \"Empty Head\", and \"If I Had My Way\" were co-written with Patrick Ballantyne; \"La Stralla\" and \"Skull King\" with Andrew Whiteman; \"Tired All The Time\" with bandmate Kelly Hoppe;\n\nQuestion: What's Ashbury Railway Carriage and Iron Company Ltd?", "output": "The Ashbury Carriage and Iron Company Limited was a manufacturer of railway rolling stock founded by John Ashbury in 1837 in Commercial Street, Knott Mill in Manchester, England, near the original terminus of the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Psychodynamics, also known as psychodynamic psychology, in its broadest sense, is an approach to psychology that emphasizes systematic study of the psychological forces underlying human behavior, feelings, and emotions and how they might relate to early experience. It is especially interested in the dynamic relations between conscious motivation and unconscious motivation. The term psychodynamics is also used to refer specifically to the psychoanalytical approach developed by Sigmund Freud (1856\u20131939) and his followers. Freud was inspired by the theory of thermodynamics and used the term psychodynamics to describe the processes of the mind as flows of psychological energy (libido or psi) in an organically complex brain. There are four major schools of thought regarding psychological treatment: psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, biological, and humanistic treatment. In the treatment of psychological distress, psychodynamic psychotherapy tends to be a less intensive (once- or twice-weekly) modality than the classical Freudian psychoanalysis treatment (of 3\u20135 sessions per week).\n\nMax Isaac Dimont (August 12, 1912 \u2013 March 25, 1992) was a Finnish American Jewish historian, lecturer, publicist, and writer. Early life Dimont was born into a Jewish family on August 12, 1912, in Helsinki, Finland, one of five children. Some sources claim he was born in Lithuania due to passenger lists on the ship on which they traveled. Dimont finished high school in Finland, where \"he was given his choice of two foreign language courses, English or German. For reasons he doesn't recall too well, he chose German.\" In 1929, he moved with his mother and four siblings to the United States to join his father, who had moved to Cleveland, Ohio in 1922. His father, Hyman Dimont, was a merchandise broker and Talmudic scholar, and returned to teaching Hebrew in his later years. Dimont, who did not speak any English, taught himself the language by reading Shakespeare and\n\nAndrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 \u2013 June 8, 1845) was an American lawyer, planter, general, and statesman who served as the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before being elected to the presidency, he gained fame as a general in the U.S. Army and served in both houses of the U.S. Congress. Although often praised as an advocate for ordinary Americans and for his work in preserving the union of states, Jackson has also been criticized for his racial policies, particularly his treatment of Native Americans. Jackson was born in the colonial Carolinas before the American Revolutionary War. He became a frontier lawyer and married Rachel Donelson Robards. He briefly served in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, representing Tennessee. After resigning, he served as a justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1798 until 1804. Jackson purchased a property later known as\n\nQuestion: What is Andrew Jackson", "output": "Andrew Jackson was an American lawyer, planter, general, and statesman who served as the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Harke & Burr are two fictional comic book characters who appeared in their own stories for thirteen episodes in issues of British comic Judge Dredd Megazine. The majority of the Harke & Burr stories were written by Si Spencer and drawn by Dean Ormston. Gordon Rennie co-wrote one story and Paul Peart provided the artwork for another. The name is a Spoonerism based on infamous body-snatchers Burke and Hare who committed the West Port murders. Bibliography They have only appeared in their own, eponymous strip: \"Antique and Curious\" (by Si Spencer and Dean Ormston, in Judge Dredd Megazine #2.27-2.28, 1993) \"Hamster Horror\" (by Si Spencer and Dean Ormston, in Judge Dredd Megazine #2.40-2.42, 1994) \"Grief Encounter\" (by Si Spencer and Dean Ormston, in Judge Dredd Megazine #2.47-2.49, 1994) \"Secret Origin\" (by Si Spencer and Paul Peart, in Judge Dredd Megazine #2.83, 1995) \"Satanic Farces\" (by Gordon Rennie/Si Spencer and Dean\n\nThe First Roumanian-American Congregation, also known as Congregation Shaarey Shomayim (, \"Gates of Heaven\"), or the Roumanishe Shul (Yiddish for \"Romanian synagogue\"), was an Orthodox Jewish congregation that, for over 100 years, occupied a historic building at 89\u201393 Rivington Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York. Those who organized the congregation in 1885 were part of a substantial wave of Romanian-Jewish immigrants, most of whom settled in the Lower East Side. The Rivington Street building, built around 1860, had previously been a church, then a synagogue, then a church again, and had been extensively remodeled in 1889. It was transformed into a synagogue for a second time when the First Roumanian-American congregation purchased it in 1902 and again remodeled it. The synagogue became famous as the \"Cantor's Carnegie Hall\", because of its high ceiling, good acoustics, and seating for up to 1,800 people. Yossele Rosenblatt, Moshe Koussevitzky,\n\nKWHE (channel 14) is a religious independent television station in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. The station is owned by the Family Broadcasting Corporation (formerly known as LeSEA Broadcasting), and maintains studios on Bishop Street in downtown Honolulu; its transmitter is located near Hawaii Pacific University. KWHE's signal was formerly relayed on two satellite stations: KWHM (channel 21) in Wailuku and KWHD (channel 14) in Hilo. KWHM was sold in 2018 and is now KLEI, a satellite of Telemundo affiliate KFVE; KWHD was sold in 2020 and is now KEKE, a Spanish-language independent. KWHE, whose call letters stand for \"World Harvest Entertainment\", is part of the World Harvest Television network and follows the same programming format as sister stations WHME-TV in South Bend and WHMB-TV in Indianapolis. KWHE, along with KKAI, is one of only two religious stations in the Honolulu market (out of the six licensed to the area, which\n\nQuestion: What is First Roumanian-American Congregation", "output": "The First Roumanian-American Congregation, also known as Congregation Shaarey Shomayim, or the Roumanishe Shul, was an Orthodox Jewish congregation that, for over 100 years, occupied a historic building at 89\u201393 Rivington Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Oligosaurus is a genus of iguanodont dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Gr\u00fcnbach Formation of Austria. Discovery and species In 1859 coal mine administrator Pawlowitsch notified the University of Vienna that some fossils had been found in the Gute Hoffnung mine at Muthmannsdorf in Austria. A team headed by geologists Eduard Suess and Ferdinand Stoliczka subsequently uncovered numerous bones of several species, among them those of an ornithopod dinosaur. Stored at the university museum, the finds remained undescribed until they were studied by Emanuel Bunzel from 1870 onwards. Bunzel in 1871 referred the scapula PIUW 3518 along with a humerus and metapodial (identified by him as a femoral fragment) to Lacerta sp. Seeley (1881) erected Oligosaurus for the scapula and considered the metapodial and humerus to be conspecific, while referring the paralectotype caudal vertebrae of Mochlodon suessi to the taxon. The generic name is derived from Greek oligos, \"few\", and sauros,\n\nLobster Johnson (also known as The Lobster or The Claw) is a fictional character featured in the Hellboy and Bureau for Paranormal Research and Defense comic books published by Dark Horse Comics. He was created by Mike Mignola. Within the Hellboy universe, the Lobster was a vigilante who worked in secret in New York City during the 1930s. Although the public believes that the Lobster was only the hero of pulp serials and comics, he was a real man who faced gangsters as well as paranormal threats. The Lobster had a reputation for violence, such as killing mobsters and burning his trademark lobster claw symbol into their foreheads with the palm of his gloved hand. This behavior was similar to the Marvel UK comic book character Night Raven, the Phantom and the pulp magazine hero The Spider. Lobster Johnson appeared in the 2019 Hellboy reboot, portrayed by Thomas Haden Church.\n\n/John Dean Provincial Park, formerly John Dean Provincial Park, is a small, densely vegetated provincial park (174 hectares) on the Saanich Peninsula of southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The park is located on and around (Mount Newton), a small mountain (elevation 305 m) in the traditional territory of Wsanec First Nations , itself situated 20 km north of Victoria, the provincial capital city. Featuring lush vegetation, the park is noted for its virgin old-growth douglas-fir and western red cedar, with large specimens up to 70 m in height (taller than the tallest tree in the UK and the tallest conifer in all of Europe) and for its rich Coastal Douglas-Fir ecosystem, little of which remains on southern Vancouver Island. About a quarter of the old-growth forest to the north-west lies on the Cole Bay reserve of the Pauquachin First Nation. Geography The park itself, and the larger old-growth forest\n\nQuestion: Define John Dean Provincial Park.", "output": "/John Dean Provincial Park, formerly John Dean Provincial Park, is a small, densely vegetated provincial park on the Saanich Peninsula of southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "SIMDIS is a software toolset developed by Code 5770 at the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The software provides 2D and 3D interactive graphical and video displays of live and postprocessed simulation, test, and operational data. SIMDIS is a portmanteau of simulation and display. Features SIMDIS runs on Windows, Linux, and Sun Microsystems workstations with hardware-accelerated 3D graphics and provides identical execution and \"look and feel\" for all supported platforms. SIMDIS provides either a 2D or a 3D display of the normally \"seen\" data such as platform position and orientation, as well as the \"unseen\" data such as the interactions of sensor systems with targets, countermeasures, and the environment. It includes custom tools for interactively analyzing and displaying data for equipment modes, spatial grids, ranges, angles, antenna patterns, line of sight and RF propagation. Capability for viewing time synchronized data from either a standalone workstation or multiple networked workstations is\n\nEmperor of the Sea (; literally \"Sea God\") is an epic South Korean television drama series starring Choi Soo-jong, Chae Shi-ra, Song Il-kook\u060c Soo Ae and Chae Jung-an It aired on KBS2 from November 24, 2004, to May 25, 2005, on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 51 episodes. The period drama is based on Choi In-ho's 2003 novel Hae-sin, which depicts the life of Jang Bogo, who rises from a lowly slave to a powerful maritime figure who dominated the East Asia seas and international trade during the Unified Silla dynasty. The series was received extremely well, holding the number one spot in the ratings for majority of the weeks it aired. It was also exported to eight countries earning approximately in profits. The filming set in Wando County, South Jeolla Province also became a tourist attraction. Plot Jang Bogo (Choi Soo-jong) rises from a lowly slave to the\n\nOlle Adolphson (2 May 1934, in Stockholm \u2013 10 March 2004, in Stockholm) was a Swedish writer, singer and songwriter. He released a range of books (Aubade, Foli\u00e1), LPs (En stol p\u00e5 Tegn\u00e9r, etc.) and CDs (\u00c4lskar inte jag dig d\u00e5, M\u00e4ssa p\u00e5 svenska spr\u00e5ket, etc.). He was the son of the actor Edvin Adolphson and the actress Mildred Mehle, and the brother of the actress Kristina Adolphson. Adolphson's theme was, according to himself, \"to see the great in small things and the small in big things\". Some of his most loved songs follow that description, for example Gustaf Lindstr\u00f6ms visa (\"The Ballad of Gustaf Lindstr\u00f6m\", about the human victims of urban renewal), Trubbel (\"Trouble\", about male disappointments and defeats), Nu har jag f\u00e5tt den jag vill ha (\"Now I've got the one I want\", about the futility of getting one's wishes), and Sigge Skoog (about the unreliability of memories:\n\nQuestion: What is SIMDIS", "output": "SIMDIS is a software toolset developed by Code 5770 at the US Naval Research Laboratory."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Coventry Christian Schools (CCS) is a pre-K-12 classical Christian school located in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, United States. It was founded by superintendent Mark E. Niehls. CCS first opened its doors in 1984 with only seven students in a two-morning preschool taught by two volunteer teacher School History 1983 \u2013 Preliminary plans to open a preschool finalized. Curriculum is developed and supplies obtained. Registration with the Pennsylvania Department of Education and 501c(3) tax exemption status received from IRS. 1984 \u2013 The school is incorporated and opens its first academic year in September with seven students in a two morning preschool class taught by two volunteer teachers. 1985 \u2013 A full-day kindergarten class is added and preschool is expanded. 1986 \u2013 First grade is added. 1987 \u2013 Second grade is added. The 5.2 acre (21,000 m2) property at 962 East Schuylkill Road is purchased. 2,000 sq ft (190 m2) of usable space becomes\n\nThe Land Before Time X: The Great Longneck Migration is a 2003 direct-to-video animated adventure musical drama film and the tenth film in the The Land Before Time series. Plot Littlefoot has an ominous \"sleep story\" (dream) where he sees the \"Great Circle\" (the sun) falling out of the sky, and when he mentions it to his grandparents, they reveal they are sharing the same experience, with his grandpa lamenting that they need to go somewhere. Littlefoot explains his situation to his friends and they become interested. Led only by their instinct, they leave the next day. Out of curiosity, Cera, Spike, Ducky, and Petrie follow them. During their trek, Littlefoot is nearly eaten by a Sarcosuchus while playing in a swamp, but a Supersaurus named Sue saves his life by stepping on the predator and joins him and his grandparents, as she is driven on by the same sense\n\nRoyal Air Force Bovingdon or more simply RAF Bovingdon is a former Royal Air Force station located near the village of Bovingdon, Hertfordshire, England, about south-west of Hemel Hempstead and south-east of Berkhamsted. During the Second World War, the airfield was used by the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Eighth Air Force. It was assigned USAAF designation Station 112, station code \"BV\", later changed to \"BZ\". Royal Air Force use Bovingdon was built in 1941\u201342 as a standard Class A RAF bomber airfield. The main NE/SW runway was long and the two secondary runways were each long. Over 30 dispersal hardstandings were built. On 15 June 1942, No. 7 Group, RAF Bomber Command took up residence at Bovingdon. Operational missions were flown in June and July by the RAF until the field was turned over to the USAAF in August. United States Army\n\nQuestion: Define RAF Bovingdon.", "output": "Royal Air Force Bovingdon or more simply RAF Bovingdon is a former Royal Air Force station located near the village of Bovingdon, Hertfordshire, England, about  south-west of Hemel Hempstead and  south-east of Berkhamsted."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sri Lankan Mukkuvar () is a Tamil speaking ethnic group found in the Western and Eastern coastal regions of Sri Lanka. They are primarily concentrated in the districts of Batticaloa, Ampara and Puttalam. They are also related to \"Sri Lankan Moors\". Sri Lankan Mukkuvars along with Eastern tamils of Sri Lankan claim their origin from Kerala and matrilineal in practice. Recent studies show their habits and clan structure, as well as dialects, show affinity towards the Northern Kerala regions. It is still unclear when did this group migrated from South Western India to Sri Lanka.Mukkuvars traditionally involved in fishing, conch shell pearl diving and but are also rendered their service as Mercenaries and Naval Mariners to Kings of Sri Lanka, today most of them involved in agriculture. They also include the major landlords in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka who historically also served as mercenaries in medieval era. Etymology\n\nRahway station is an NJ Transit train station in Rahway, New Jersey that is located 20.7 miles southwest of New York Penn Station, with service on the Northeast Corridor and North Jersey Coast lines. History The station first opened on January 1, 1836. The station is located in downtown Rahway on an embankment completed in 1913, with bridges over Milton Avenue and Irving and Cherry Streets. The present station was built by New Jersey Transit at a cost of $16 million and opened in early 1999. It replaced a passenger station built by the Penn Central and the New Jersey Department of Transportation in 1974, which was an Amtrak stop from May 1971\u2013November 1975. The City of Rahway completed a $600,000 public plaza in front of the station in 2001. Another station in the city, North Rahway, previously existed at Scott Avenue, near the Merck facility, but was closed and\n\nThe Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi (NHBP) is a federally-recognized tribe of Potawatomi in the United States. The tribe achieved federal recognition on December 19, 1995, and currently has approximately 1500 members. The Pine Creek Indian Reservation is located at in Athens Township in southwestern Calhoun County in southwestern Michigan. It has a land area of a little over 199 acres. It has purchased an additional 230 acres of land for its use and operates a gaming casino in Battle Creek. Name Despite the name, this band of Potawatomi has no direct connection with the unrelated Huron people. Rather, both \"Nottawaseppi\" and \"Huron\" refer to the band's historical location along the Clinton River in southeastern Michigan. This river was formerly known as the Nottawasippee River or the Huron River of St. Clair. The root Nottawa in Nottawasippee is an Ojibwe ethnic slur meaning \"like rattlesnakes\", referring to the Huron people,\n\nQuestion: What is Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi?", "output": "The Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi is a federally-recognized tribe of Potawatomi in the United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Galloway Mowat syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder, consisting of a variety of features including hiatal hernia, microcephaly and nephrotic syndrome. Cause The exact genetic defect in Galloway Mowat syndrome is yet to be discovered. However, mutations in podocyte proteins, such as nephrin, alpha-actinin 4, and podocin, are associated with proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome. There is reduced expression of synaptopodin, GLEPP1, and nephrin in Galloway-Mowat syndrome, but these are likely secondary to the proteinuria, likely not the proteins mutated in Galloway-Mowat syndrome. The biochemical lesion appears to be in the Kinase, Endopeptidase and Other Proteins of small Size (KEOPS)/Endopeptidase-like and Kinase associated to transcribed Chromatin (EKC) (KEOPS/EKC) complex. Sequencing of genes in 37 cases of this condition revealed mutations in the OSGEP, TP53RK, TPRKB and LAGE3 genes all of which encode subunits in the KEOPS complex. Members of this complex are found in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes\n\nDavin\u00f3polis is a municipality in southeastern Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. The population was 2,094 (2020) in a total area of 520.0 km\u00b2. Location and Highway Connections The municipality is located in the statistical micro-region of Catal\u00e3o, 28 kilometers southeast of interstate BR-060, which connects Uberl\u00e2ndia to Cristalina. Catal\u00e3o is 53 kilometers away. The municipality of Catal\u00e3o lies to the north and Ouvidor to the southwest. The state boundary with Minas Gerais is formed by the Parana\u00edba to the south. The distance to the state capital, Goi\u00e2nia, is 304 km. Highway connections from Goi\u00e2nia are made by BR-352 / Bela Vista de Goi\u00e1s / Cristian\u00f3polis / GO-020 / BR-352 / Pires do Rio / GO-330 / Ipameri / Catal\u00e3o / BR-050. Political data in 2007 Eligible voters: 1,886 (12/2007) Mayor: Gomides Ferreira Gomes Vice-mayor: Dileno Machado Rodrigues Councilmembers: 09 Demographics Population growth rate 2000/2007: -0.66.% Urban population in 2007: 1,356 Rural population\n\nJohn Nilson is a retired Canadian politician in Saskatchewan. He was the member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan for the Regina Lakeview constituency from 1995 to 2016, representing the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party. A former lawyer with the Saskatchewan law firm Macpherson Leslie and Tyerman, he was first elected in the 1995 provincial election. He announced his retirement prior to the 2016 provincial election Nilson was educated at Pacific Lutheran University, the University of Oslo, at St. Olaf College in Minnesota and the University of British Columbia. He was admitted to the British Columbia bar in 1978 and to the Saskatchewan bar in 1979. He was appointed as Minister of Justice and Attorney General on November 22, 1995, Minister of Crown Investments Corporation on September 30, 1999, Minister of Health on February 7, 2001, where he was Saskatchewan's longest serving health minister and then Minister of Environment on February\n\nQuestion: What is Davin\u00f3polis?", "output": "Davin\u00f3polis is a municipality in southeastern Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "An acropolis was the settlement of an upper part of an ancient Greek city, especially a citadel, and frequently a hill with precipitous sides, mainly chosen for purposes of defense. The term is typically used to refer to the Acropolis of Athens, yet every Greek city had an acropolis of its own. Acropolises were used as religious centers and places of worship, forts, and places in which the royal and high-status resided. Acropolises became the nuclei of large cities of classical ancient times, and served as important centers of a community. Some well-known acropolises have become the centers of tourism in present-day, and, especially, the Acropolis of Athens has been a revolutionary center for the studies of ancient Greece since the Mycenaean period. Many of them have become a source of revenue for Greece, and represent some great technology during the period. Origin An acropolis is defined by the Greek\n\nThe League of Free Liberals () was a Dutch classical liberal political party and a predecessor of the Liberal State Party which is historically linked to the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, the major Dutch liberal party. The party's name League of Free Liberals was supposed to convey that the party was not a classical political party, with party discipline and a centralised organisation but a league of independent MPs. The conservative liberals were called free liberals before they had founded a separate party. History The League of Free Liberals was the first official organisation of old, free or conservative liberals, who had been elected on individual tickets since the 1870s. They held a considerable number of seats in the late 1880s and 1890s. The conservative classical liberals were opposed to the progressive politics of liberal politicians like Kappeyne van de Coppello. After the 1877 elections the first signs\n\nThe Museum of Roman Civilization (Italian: Museo della Civilt\u00e0 Romana) is a museum in Rome (Esposizione Universale Roma district), devoted to aspects of Ancient Roman Civilization. The museum has been closed for renovation since 2014. History and general introduction The museum was designed by the architects Pietro Ascheri, D. Bernardini and Cesare Pascoletti (1939\u20131941). Its 59 sections illustrate the history of Roman civilization from its origins to the 4th century, with models and reproductions, as well as original material. The premises are shared with a planetarium. It houses, among other things: a model of Archaic Rome (Room XVIII) , a 1:250 scale model of ancient Rome in the age of Constantine I by Italo Gismondi (Room XXXVII-XXXVIII), derived from the early 3rd-century Severan Forma Urbis Romae as updated by Lanciani and integrated with archeological discoveries. This model is made of plaster. The model was ordered by Mussolini in 1933 in\n\nQuestion: Define League of Free Liberals.", "output": "The League of Free Liberals was a Dutch classical liberal political party and a predecessor of the Liberal State Party  which is historically linked to the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, the major Dutch liberal party."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Off Our Backs (stylized in all lowercase; oob) was an American radical feminist periodical that ran from 1970 to 2008. It began publishing on February 27, 1970, with a twelve-page tabloid first issue. From 2002 the editors adapted it into a bimonthly journal. Off Our Backs was edited and published by a collective of women who practiced consensus decision-making. Marilyn Salzman Webb, Heidi Steffens, Marlene Wicks, Colette Reid, and Norma Lesser formed the original Off Our Backs collective. The staff later consisted of Carol Anne Douglas, Tacie Dejanikus, Amaya Roberson, Sherri Whatley, Laura Butterbaugh, Farar Elliott, Angie Manzano, Karla Mantilla, Jennie Ruby, Jenn Smith, Alice Henry, and Angie Young. Off Our Backs was last published in 2008 due to financial trouble. The editorial statement from the first issue in February 1970 states that Off Our Backs \"is a paper for all women who are fighting for the liberation of their\n\nis a light novel, visual novel and anime television series created by Hina Futaba and Mutsumi Sasaki. The anime aired in Japan in 2004. It replaced Sister Princess as Dengeki G's Magazine premiere flagship title. Story The story begins with Nozomu Futami returning to the town where he was born and raised as a child. He moves in near a shrine which houses a legendary stone that was rumoured to have been the place where twin girls turned into birds. The stone is rumoured to be the cause of an abundance of twin girls who are born in the town. The twins who turned into birds did so because of their love for a man who couldn't choose between them. Shortly after Nozomu enters town he begins to run into the same problems as six pairs of twins fight for his love. Characters Nozumu is voiced by Motoki Takagi. The\n\nA Choo Choo Bar is a brittle toffee liquorice-flavoured confectionery bar popular in Australia. Available in a bar, packaged in a blue wrapper depicting an old steam train, (\"The Choo Choo Funtime Express\"), Choo Choo Bars were originally a Plaistowe product, acquired by Nestl\u00e9. They are now made by Lagoon. There is also a raspberry-flavoured Choo Choo Bar. Cultural context The Choo Choo Bar is considered iconic. Choo Choo Bars are considered to be part of the Australian folklife. Academic work refers to Choo Choo Bars in this manner referring to prior Federal Governmental inquiry outcomes: They are considered to have an elevated status within Australian folklife, and are used when setting historical context. Choo Choo Bars are used as a specific reference to make a point about Australian food, culture, or lifestyle. History Plaistowe released the original Choo Choo Bar in Western Australia, in the mid 1950s. In the\n\nQuestion: What's Off Our Backs?", "output": "Off Our Backs was an American radical feminist periodical that ran from 1970 to 2008."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alcides Fern\u00e1ndez Airport is a commercial airport on the Caribbean coast serving to town of Acand\u00ed in the Choco Department of Colombia. The airport is considered by residents of the town of Acand\u00ed to be an important link between that community and the rest of Colombia as well as neighboring Panama. The airport was closed for some time during the early 2000s, as tourism to Acand\u00ed suffered a downturn. Acand\u00ed's mayor paid $30,000,000 Colombian pesos (approximately US$12,500) to enlarge the airport's runway and build better terminal facilities. The Colombian government paid a total of $1,500,000,000 Colombian pesos (approximately US$630,500) to aide in the renovation of the airport as part of Plan Colombia. In 2003, Colombian transportation minister Andres Uriel Gallego and Colombia's Civil Aeronautics minister Juan Carlos Velez re-opened the airport to public flights after renovation was completed. Prior to its closing, the airport was served by Aerol\u00ednea de Antioquia\n\nGene dosage is the number of copies of a particular gene present in a genome. Gene dosage is related to the amount of gene product (proteins or functional RNAs) the cell is able to express. Since a gene acts as a template, the number of templates in the cell contributes to the amount of gene product able to be produced. However, the amount of gene product produced in a cell is more commonly dependent on regulation of gene expression. The normal gene dosage is dependent on the species; humans generally have two doses -- one copy from the mother and one from the father. Changes in gene dosage can be a result of copy number variation (gene insertions or gene deletions), or aneuploidy (chromosome number abnormalities). These changes can have significant phenotypic consequences. Ploidy Ploidy refers to the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell. Humans typically have\n\nDeutschlandsender (, Radio Germany), abbreviated DLS or DS, was one of the longest-established radio broadcasting stations in Germany. The name was used between 1926 and 1993 to denote a number of powerful stations designed to achieve all-Germany coverage. History Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany Deutschlandsender I at first was the name of a powerful transmitter situated at K\u00f6nigs Wusterhausen in Brandenburg near Berlin, put into operation on 7 January 1926. The station was run by the Deutsche Welle GmbH, a commercial company \u2013 unconnected to today's similarly named international broadcaster \u2013 which had been set up by the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft (RRG) network for nationally relaying programmes from Germany's nine regional broadcasting stations. Broadcasting on long wave (182 kHz) from what was then a central position in the German Reich, the Deutschlandsender I transmitter enabled programmes from these stations to be heard throughout the country and its name was adopted as a\n\nQuestion: What is Gene dosage", "output": "Gene dosage is the number of copies of a particular gene present in a genome."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Taxi Doll is an American pop, electronica, and dance musical group from Los Angeles, California. Taxi Doll took their name from seeing the bobble-head dolls perched on top on the rear dash of taxicabs. The group consists of European vocalist Dhana Taprogge, leopardist Gregg \"G-dub\" Allen, drummer Jason Graham, guitarist Matt Emmer, and bassist Brian Hendrix. The group was formed in 2004 and called their type of music \"Rocktronica\", which was inspired by the influences of Blondie, Garbage, The Chemical Brothers, and other rock-electronic acts. The group's first single, \"Waiting\", became a major hit in both the clubs and at Dance radio in the United States, where it reached at number 3 on Billboard's Hot Dance Airplay chart's May 27, 2006 issue. \"Look at What You Get\" is on the soundtrack of Forza Motorsport 2, the Microsoft Xbox 360 game. The group's music was also found on the big screen\n\nChienkosaurus (\"Szechuan lizard\") is a dubious genus of carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Kuangyuan Series of China. It was probably related to Szechuanosaurus. Discovery and naming The type species is Chienkosaurus ceratosauroides, named by Yang Zhongjian (\"Chung Chien Young\") in 1942 on the basis of IVPP V.237, which consists of four teeth. The species name means \"Ceratosaurus-like\" because Yang interpreted the teeth as being similar to Ceratosaurus. Three of the teeth catalogued under IVPP V.237 were recognized by Dong et al. (1983) as non-theropod and instead belonging to the mesoeucrocodylian Hsisosuchus, effectively restricting the holotype to the theropod tooth. Yang also referred to Chienkosaurus an ulna (IVPP V.193) and a caudal centrum (IVPP V.192). Holtz et al. (2004) designated Chienkosaurus as dubious in their chapter on basal Tetanurae, as did Wu et al. (2009). References Fossil taxa described in 1942 Late Jurassic dinosaurs of Asia Prehistoric neotheropods Paleontology\n\nNa Casaidigh or The Cassidys are an Irish traditional group. They have been based in Dublin for many years, but they originally hail from Gweedore, County Donegal. The group consists of brothers Aongus, Seathr\u00fan, Ciar\u00e1n, Fionnt\u00e1n, Feargus, and Odhr\u00e1n. Irish is their native tongue and they had to study English as a second language during their school years. The brothers' music has attracted worldwide attention and brought them to audiences from Togo in West Africa to Carnegie Hall in New York City. The Cassidys' father has long been a church choirmaster. He instilled his love of music, and Gaelic music in particular. Music instruction was woven through the boys' childhood. Piano or fiddle was introduced first, followed by other instruments that included whistles and pipes, bodhr\u00e1n, and guitar. All of the Cassidy brothers contribute to the group's harmonies. In addition, each plays several instruments. Odhr\u00e1n studied the violin in Dublin,\n\nQuestion: What is Chienkosaurus?", "output": "Chienkosaurus is a dubious genus of carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Kuangyuan Series of China."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Bruckner rhythm is a 2 + 3 (duplet + triplet) or 3 + 2 rhythm in Anton Bruckner's symphonic music, where it occurs prevalently, and in many different ways. One example is in the main theme of the first movement of Symphony No. 4, from bars 43 forward: Bruckner also used the rhythm with a single pitch repeated, and this is the only way it occurs in Symphony No. 2 (e.g., bars 20 and 122). In Symphony No. 6, the Bruckner rhythm occurs to a much greater extent than in previous works, in several parts at slightly different times. At first it occurs as a string ostinato high in the violins' range against a melody of different rhythm in the cellos (bar 3), while at bars 195\u2013209 it serves to articulate hexatonic cycle block chords. The rhythm occurs in somewhat more \"manageable\" form in the secondary theme group of\n\nBasic Role-Playing (BRP) is a tabletop role-playing game which originated in the RuneQuest fantasy role-playing game. Chaosium released the BRP standalone booklet in 1980 in the boxed set release of the second edition of RuneQuest. Greg Stafford and Lynn Willis are credited as the authors. Chaosium used the percentile skill-based system as the basis for most of their games, including Call of Cthulhu, Stormbringer, and Elfquest. History The core rules were originally written by Steve Perrin as part of his game RuneQuest. It was Greg Stafford's idea to simplify the rules (eliminating such things as Strike Ranks and Hit Locations) and issue them in a 16-page booklet called Basic Role-Playing. Over the years several others, including Sandy Petersen, Lynn Willis, and Steve Henderson, contributed to the system. The BRP was notable for being the first role-playing game system to introduce a full skill system to characters regardless of their profession.\n\nPenny Tai (; born 22 April 1978) is a Malaysian singer, songwriter, producer and director. Since her debut in 2000, she has achieved many successes in her music career, including winning 5 Golden Melody Awards. In addition to performing arts, Tai is enthusiastic about charity and was elected as one of Malaysia's Top Ten Outstanding Youths in 2011. Life and career Tai started songwriting at the age of 17, participating in the Halo Songwriting Contest in Kuala Lumpur, a platform which also launched the career of fellow Malaysian singer, Fish Leong. In 1999 she was offered a contract by EMI Music (Taiwan) and moved to Taiwan pursue a career in singing and songwriting. She released her self-titled first album, Penny, in January 2000. In 2006, she won Best Composer at the Golden Melody Awards for the song \"Crazy Love\" (title track to her 2005 album), becoming the first Malaysian artist\n\nQuestion: What's Bruckner rhythm?", "output": "The Bruckner rhythm is a 2 + 3 or 3 + 2 rhythm in Anton Bruckner's symphonic music, where it occurs prevalently, and in many different ways."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rava-Ruska (; ; ) is a city in Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine. It is a border town between Ukraine and Poland. The border checkpoint is situated west of the city, along the international autoroute Warsaw\u2013Lviv. Rava-Ruska hosts the administration of Rava-Ruska urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its population is approximately History Rawa-Ruska was founded in 1455 by the Polish prince W\u0142adys\u0142aw I of P\u0142ock, Duke of Be\u0142z and Mazovia. He added the suffix \"Ruska\", meaning \"Russian\" (during this time, the urban Ukrainian inhabitants were referred to as \"Ruthenians\" or \"Russians\"), to distinguish it from Rawa Mazowiecka located further west. Due to a convenient location along the merchant trail from Lublin to Lviv, the newly located town quickly developed. For centuries, Rawa was part of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth. It remained in private hands of several consecutive szlachta families, such as the\n\nBodenstown Graveyard () is a cemetery located in County Kildare, Republic of Ireland. Containing a ruined medieval church, it is best known as the burial place of the Irish patriot Wolfe Tone (1763\u20131798). History The stone church dates to before 1352, in which year it belonged to Great Connell Priory, and measures by . It was described as being in good condition in 1612 but was ruined by the 19th century; all that remains are the west gable and north and south walls. Tone was buried next to his father at Bodenstown following his death in 1798. Semi-official commemorations are believed to have begun in the 1840s. In \"Tone's Grave\", Thomas Davis describes his visit there . Pilgrimages to Wolfe Tone's graveside were first held in 1873, the 75th anniversary of his death. After gaps in the 1880s, they resumed in 1891, and have been held every year since, except\n\nClaire Janet Tomlinson ( Lucas, 14 February 1944 \u2013 12 January 2022) was an English polo player and pony breeder. She was the highest-rated female polo player and coached the English national team she once captained. Biography Tomlinson was born on 14 February 1944, as the daughter of Ethel (n\u00e9e Daer) and Lascelles Arthur Lucas, who founded Woolmers Park Polo Club on a 250-acre estate in Hertfordshire in 1949. Her father was instrumental in the revival of polo in England after the Second World War. She went from Wycombe Abbey to take A-levels at Millfield and, while there, was selected for the British junior fencing team. Going on to study agricultural economics at Somerville College, Oxford, it was not long before she was awarded a squash blue and a fencing half-blue and was short-listed for the Olympic fencing team. When she was told that the Oxford University Polo team (OUPC)\n\nQuestion: What's Rava-Ruska?", "output": "Rava-Ruska is a city in Lviv Raion, Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sir Frank Baines, KCVO, CBE, FRIBA (1877\u20131933) was chief architect at the British Office of Works from 1920 to 1927. His most famous work was Thames House and its neighbour Imperial Chemical House (1929\u201330) in London. Thames House is currently the headquarters of the British Security Service (MI5) and Imperial Chemical House was built as the headquarters for Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI). Much of his work involved the conservation and preservation of old buildings, on which he had a worldwide reputation, including Tintern Abbey, Bylands Abbey, Huntingtower Castle, Jedburgh Abbey, Melrose Abbey, and Dryburgh Abbey. He was also adviser on the restoration of Westminster Hall, Eltham Palace Hall, and Caernarfon Castle in connection with the investiture of the Prince of Wales, later Edward VIII. However, he is also known for perpetuating the arts and crafts style into the mid-20th century, particularly by his large estates at Eltham, Roe Green, Kingsbury,\n\nSiltronic AG is a manufacturer of wafers made of hyperpure silicon, the basis for modern micro- and nanotechnology. The Munich-based company is one of the world's leading manufacturers of wafers for the semiconductor industry. History The company was founded in 1968 as Wacker-Chemitronic Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Elektronik-Grundstoffe mbH (\"Wacker-Chemitronic\") in Burghausen and changed its name to Wacker Siltronic GmbH in 1994. The company was renamed as a stock corporation (Wacker Siltronic AG) in 1996. In 2004, the company changed its name to Siltronic AG. The company manufactures silicon wafers with diameters of up to 300 mm at its two German production sites in Burghausen and Freiberg, as well as at sites in Asia and the USA. The company is a member of the Silicon Saxony association/industry association. In 2020, it was announced that Siltronic would be sold to Taiwanese manufacturer GlobalWafers, a subsidiary of Sino-American Silicon Products (SAS), for a good\n\nThe Pirates Who Don't Do Anything: A VeggieTales Movie is a 2008 American computer-animated family adventure comedy film directed by Mike Nawrocki, written by Phil Vischer, produced by Big Idea and distributed by Universal Pictures. It is the second of the two theatrical films to feature characters from the VeggieTales video series following Jonah: A VeggieTales Movie in 2002, and is the only VeggieTales media that deviates from its usual messages about Christianity and biblical morals. The film was released in theaters on January 11, 2008, and received mixed reviews from critics, who criticized the script but praised the animation. The film was also a box office bomb, grossing only $13 million worldwide on a $15 million budget. Plot In the past, the pirate Robert the Terrible attacks and boards one of the Kingdom of Monterria's ships, capturing Prince Alexander. Eluding the pirates, Princess Eloise and her servant Willory (played\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Frank Baines.", "output": "Sir Frank Baines,  KCVO, CBE, FRIBA was chief architect at the British Office of Works from 1920 to 1927."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "David Norman Dumville (born 5 May 1949) is a British medievalist and Celtic scholar. He attended Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he studied Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen; and received his PhD at the University of Edinburgh in 1976, presenting the thesis \"The textual history of the Welsh-Latin Historia Brittonum\". He is professor emeritus of Celtic & Anglo-Saxon at the University of Aberdeen. He has previously taught or held posts at Swansea University (Fellow, 1975\u20131977), the University of Pennsylvania (assistant professor of English, 1977\u20131978), and the University of Cambridge, (lecturer in Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, 1977\u20131991; reader in early Mediaeval history and culture of British Isles, 1991\u20131995; professor of palaeography and cultural history, 1995\u20132005). Among other academic appointments, he was visiting professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (1995). Publications Dumville has produced numerous scholarly articles and books. In 2007, he established a scholarly journal for Anglo-Saxon studies, entitled\n\n\"Bye Bye Bye\" is a song by American boy band NSYNC from their third studio album, No Strings Attached. It was released on January 17, 2000, as the lead single from the album. The song was written and produced by Kristian Lundin and Jake Schulze, with additional writing by Andreas Carlsson. Its lyrics describe the end of a romantic relationship; it was reported to also reference the group's separation from their manager Lou Pearlman and their record label RCA Records. \"Bye Bye Bye\" was a commercial success, peaking at number four on the US Billboard Hot 100 and within the top 10 in almost every country in which it charted. The song received a Grammy nomination in 2001 for Record of the Year, but lost to U2's \"Beautiful Day\". Background and development \"Bye Bye Bye\" was written and produced by Kristian Lundin and Jake Schulze, as part of Cheiron Productions,\n\nBilinda Jayne Butcher (born 16 September 1961) is an English musician and singer-songwriter, best known as a vocalist and guitarist of the shoegaze band My Bloody Valentine. Early life Butcher was born and raised in London and later relocated with her parents and older sister Jo-Anne to Golden Valley, Derbyshire, a small hamlet in the countryside. Her forename is an alternate spelling of Belinda and was chosen by her mother. Butcher has been quoted as saying, \"if I'd been a guy I would have been named Bill, but since I was a girl it became Bilinda\". Butcher has said that growing up in Golden Valley she was considered \"a weirdo\" as she wore clothes based on 1920s fashion and listened to records on a portable gramophone. Butcher stated: \"My mother thought I was up in the clouds. I never watched the news or read the papers; it was like I\n\nQuestion: What is Bye Bye Bye", "output": "\"Bye Bye Bye\" is a song by American boy band NSYNC from their third studio album, No Strings Attached."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Duilio Antonio Rafael Brunello (30 May 1925 - 9 May 2021) was an Argentine Peronist politician. He served in the Argentine Senate, the Argentine Chamber of Deputies and as Federal Interventor of C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina from March 15, 1974 to September 7, 1974. Brunello was elected to the Senate in 1955 for Catamarca Province, taking office in April 1955. The coup of September 1955 dissolved the Senate. He was later a vice-president of the Justicialist Party and was a national deputy at the time of the 1976 coup. He has also been deputy minister for Social Development. In 1990, Brunello received a presidential pardon from Carlos Menem relating to charges of embezzling government funds. References Governors of C\u00f3rdoba Province, Argentina 1925 births 2021 deaths Members of the Argentine Senate for Catamarca Members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies elected in Catamarca Justicialist Party politicians Government ministers of Argentina People from Catamarca\n\nIn computer science, a readers\u2013writer (single-writer lock, a multi-reader lock, a push lock, or an MRSW lock) is a synchronization primitive that solves one of the readers\u2013writers problems. An RW lock allows concurrent access for read-only operations, whereas write operations require exclusive access. This means that multiple threads can read the data in parallel but an exclusive lock is needed for writing or modifying data. When a writer is writing the data, all other writers and readers will be blocked until the writer is finished writing. A common use might be to control access to a data structure in memory that cannot be updated atomically and is invalid (and should not be read by another thread) until the update is complete. Readers\u2013writer locks are usually constructed on top of mutexes and condition variables, or on top of semaphores. Upgradable RW lock Some RW locks allow the lock to be atomically\n\nLalish (, also known as Lali\u015fa N\u00fbran\u00ee) is a mountain valley and temple in Shekhan, Duhok Governorate in Iraqi Kurdistan. It is the holiest temple of the Yazidis. It is the location of the tomb of the Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir, a central figure of the Yazidi faith. The temple is above the town of Shekhan, which had the second largest population of Yazidi prior to the persecution of Yazidis by ISIL. The temple is about sixty kilometers north of Mosul and 14 kilometers west from the village Ayn Sifna. The temple is built at about 1,000 meters above sea level and situated among three mountains, Hizrat in the west, Misat in the south and Arafat in the north. At least once in their lifetimes, Yazidis are expected to make a six-day pilgrimage to Lalish to visit the tomb of \u015e\u00eax Ad\u00ee and other sacred places. These other sacred places\n\nQuestion: What is Readers\u2013writer lock", "output": "In computer science, a readers\u2013writer is a synchronization primitive that solves one of the readers\u2013writers problems."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kock is a town in eastern Poland, about north of Lublin and south-east of Warsaw. It lies in Lublin Voivodeship, in Lubart\u00f3w County. It is the capital of the administrative district Gmina Kock. Historically Kock belongs to the Polish province of Lesser Poland and is located in its northeastern corner. , its population numbered 3,509. Name and location Kock is located a few kilometers north of the Wieprz river, approximately 150 meters above sea level, near the \u0141uk\u00f3w Lowland (R\u00f3wnina \u0141ukowska). In 1952\u20131954 it was the seat of Gmina Bia\u0142obrzegi. The town first appears in chronicles in 1258 as Cocsk. In the 15th century, it was called Kocsko or Koczsko, and in 1787, its name was spelled Kocko. Current form has been in use since the 19th century, and the word Kock either comes from the last name or a nickname Kot (a person named so founded the town), or\n\nAharon Davidi (1927 \u2013 February 11, 2012) was an Israeli general and founder of the Sar-El volunteer program of the IDF. Biography He was born in Mandatory Palestine as the youngest son of an immigrant family from Bender (Bessarabia). At the age of fifteen, he served in the Haganah and Palmach. In the 1947\u20131949 Palestine war he fought on the southern front with the Negev Brigade, where he met his future wife, Hassida. In 1953, Davidi volunteered for the new IDF Paratroopers Brigade as a company commander. The next year, the unit was very active in operations and other dangerous missions behind enemy lines. Davidi and his company supported Ariel Sharon's Unit 101 in the raid on Qibya, he and Sharon remained close friends. He was decorated for actions in the Gaza strip in 1955 with the Medal of Courage. In the Sinai Campaign, Davidi, as Lieutenant-Colonel and regimental commander,\n\nSamuel Llewelyn Kenrick (9 June 1847 \u2013 29 May 1933) was a Welsh solicitor who became the founder of the Football Association of Wales and organised the first Welsh international football match against Scotland in 1876. As such he became the \"father of Welsh football\". Early life and family Kenrick was born into the land-owning, industrialist Kenrick dynasty of Wynn Hall, Ruabon, Wales, the son of William Kenrick (1798\u20131865) who had founded the Wynn Hall Colliery, and a descendant of the Wynn family. After attending Ruabon Grammar School, Kenrick trained as a solicitor (admitted 1871) and practised at Ruabon. Two of his cousins, Harriet and Florence Kenrick, were the first and second wives of the politician Joseph Chamberlain. In 1909 Kenrick married Lillian Maud, daughter of the Rev. A. L. Taylor, headmaster of Ruabon Grammar School, although they had no children. Football career His earliest football appearances were in England\n\nQuestion: What is Aharon Davidi?", "output": "Aharon Davidi  was an Israeli general and founder of the Sar-El volunteer program of the IDF."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Roxalana \"Roxana\" Druse ( \u2013 February 28, 1887), was the last woman hanged in the state of New York, and the first woman hanged in 40 years in Central New York. Her botched execution didn't kill her instantly, further motivating New York officials to replace the gallows with the electric chair in New York in 1890. Druse murdered her husband, William Druse, in their home in Warren, New York, by shooting him and decapitating him with an axe. Her son and daughter, George and Mary Druse, and nephew, Frank Gates, assisted her in the murder. Druse later said that she murdered him because of domestic violence. She was sentenced to be hanged on October 6, 1885, and was hanged on February 28, 1887. Background William and Roxalana Druse married in approximately 1864. The marriage bore two children: an older daughter named Mary, who was 19 at the time of William\n\nBongkrek acid (also known as bongkrekic acid) is a respiratory toxin produced in fermented coconut or corn contaminated by the bacterium Burkholderia gladioli pathovar cocovenenans. It is a highly toxic, heat-stable, colorless, odorless, and highly unsaturated tricarboxylic acid that inhibits the ADP/ATP translocase, also called the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier, preventing ATP from leaving the mitochondria to provide metabolic energy to the rest of the cell. Bongkrek acid, when consumed through contaminated foods, mainly targets the liver, brain, and kidneys along with symptoms that include vomiting, diarrhea, urinary retention, abdominal pain, and excessive sweating. Most of the outbreaks are found in Indonesia and China where fermented coconut and corn-based foods are consumed. In October 2020, nine members of a family in China died after eating corn noodles contaminated with Bongkrek acid. Discovery and history In 1895, there was a food-poisoning outbreak in Java, Indonesia. The outbreak was caused by the consumption\n\nLoch'd & Loaded is the third album by the band The Real McKenzies, released in 2001 (see 2001 in music). Track listing \"Nessie\" (Boland, McKenzie, Robertson) \u2013 3:09 \"Raise the Banner\" (Boland, McKenzie, Robertson) \u2013 2:08 \"Lassie / Roamin' in the Gloamin'\" (Lauder) \u2013 1:47 \"Pickled\" (McKenzie, Robertson) - :53 \"Memories of Old Pa Fogerty\" (Campbell) - :42 \"Wild Cattieyote\" (McKenzie, Robertson) \u2013 2:07 \"Whiskey Scotch Whiskey\" (Boland, McKenzie, Robertson) \u2013 1:56 \"Scots 'Round the World\" (McKenzie, Robertson) \u2013 2:33 \"Bitch Off the Money\" (Boland, McKenzie) \u2013 2:07 \"Gi' Us a Dram\" (Boland, McKenzie) \u2013 2:36 \"Donald Where's Yer Troosers\" (MacFadyen, Stewart) \u2013 1:22 \"Flower of Scotland\" (Traditional) \u2013 1:23 \"Swords of a Thousand Men\" (Tudorpole) \u2013 2:23 \"Bonnie Mary\" (Traditional) \u2013 1:04 \"Ballad of John Silver\" (Boland, Lambert, Maefield, McKenzie) \u2013 2:22 \"Death of a Space Piper\" (Coppins) \u2013 1:26 2001 albums Honest Don's Records albums The Real McKenzies\n\nQuestion: Define Loch'd and Loaded.", "output": "Loch'd & Loaded is the third album by the band The Real McKenzies, released in 2001."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hilton Addison Wick (February 11, 1920 \u2013 March 17, 2006) was an American politician and Vermont Senator. Life Hilton Addison Wick was raised in Mt. Pleasant, Pennsylvania. After serving in World War II, he graduated from Maryville College and Harvard Law School Harvard, and in 1949 he moved to Vermont with his wife Barbara Shaw. He practiced law and became the President of the Chittenden Trust Co. He was a Trustee of Middlebury College from 1969 to 1984. His role as a community leader and charitable fundraiser helped to launch his political career. In 1984, he opposed Vermont Attorney General John Easton, Jr. for the Republican nomination in the 1984 Vermont gubernatorial election, but lost the nomination to Easton. In 1988 he was elected a Senator for the Chittenden district, and served from 1989 until 1991. He then resumed his law practice with his sons until his death in 2006.\n\nThe Miss Washington USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Washington in the Miss USA pageant. It is currently produced by Pageants NW Productions based in Puyallup, Washington since 2002, which also produces Idaho and Oregon state pageants. Washington has been moderately successful in terms of number of semi-finalists and placements, and has had one Miss USA. Dorothy Anstett won the crown in 1968 and went on to place 4th runner-up at Miss Universe. The most recent placement was Samantha Gallia in 2023, placing Top 20. Prior to 2017, no Washington delegate had previously competed at Miss Teen USA, although one has competed at Miss America. Alex Carlson-Helo, Miss Washington Teen USA 2012, became the last state to have made her the first Teen to Miss crossover for the state. Samantha Gallia of Sacramento, California, residing in Seattle, was crowned Miss Washington USA 2023\n\nKeith Edward Yandell (, Davenport, Iowa \u2013 , Madison, Wisconsin) was a philosopher of religion who became notable by his teaching and his writings. Teaching Yandell began teaching in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1966. He had become the Julius R. Weinberg Professor of Philosophy when he retired in 2011. Beginning in 2004 and continuing after his retirement from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Yandell became an Affiliate Professor of Philosophy at the Trinity Evangelical Divinity School in Deerfield, Illinois. Education Yandell earned a BA and an MA from Wayne State University. He received a PhD from Ohio State University. His fields of expertise include: History of modern philosophy, Metaphysics, Philosophy of religion, Ethics, and Indian philosophy. Works Yandell has over 60 articles and reviews in journals listed in EBSCO. His books including those co-authored or edited follow: Free Will and Evil (MA Thesis,\n\nQuestion: What is Miss Washington USA", "output": "The  Miss Washington USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Washington in the Miss USA pageant."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The community of Thornhill is an unincorporated settlement of over 5,000 people on the east side of the Skeena River immediately across from the City of Terrace, British Columbia. Terrace is connected to Thornhill by the Old Skeena Bridge and the Dudley Little Bridge, also known as the \"New Bridge.\" Thornhill has an independent volunteer firefighting detachment and an educational system consisting of the schools \u2014pro Thornhill Primary, Thornhill Elementary and Thornhill Junior Secondary School \u2014 containing a combined total of approximately 700 students from kindergarten to Grade 10. Thornhill junior secondary closed and is now a trades building. Thornhill is the fastest growing community in northwestern British Columbia between Prince George and Prince Rupert. Thornhill has three hotels and lodges, a few motels, six gas stations, several restaurants, a golf course, community grounds, rifle range, stock car track and other amenities. Thornhill pays for its own policing as well\n\nHalazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative that was marketed under the brand names Paxipam in the United States, Alapryl in Spain, and Pacinone in Portugal. Medical uses Halazepam was used for the treatment of anxiety. Adverse effects Adverse effects include drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, and sedation. Gastrointestinal side effects have also been reported including dry mouth and nausea. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were listed in Current Psychotherapeutic Drugs published on June 15, 1998 as follows: Regulatory Information Halazepam is classified as a schedule 4 controlled substance with a corresponding code 2762 by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Commercial production Halazepam was invented by Schlesinger Walter in the U.S. It was marketed as an anti-anxiety agent in 1981. However, Halazepam is not commercially available in the United States because it was withdrawn by its manufacturer for poor sales. See also Benzodiazepines Nordazepam Diazepam Chlordiazepoxide Quazepam, fletazepam, triflubazam \u2014 benzodiazepines with trifluoromethyl\n\nMarasuchus (meaning \"Mara crocodile\") is a genus of basal dinosauriform archosaur which is possibly synonymous with Lagosuchus. Both genera lived during the Late Triassic in what is now La Rioja Province, Argentina. Marasuchus contains a single species, Marasuchus lilloensis. Marasuchus lilloensis was originally designated as Lagosuchus lilloensis in 1972. It was considered a new species of Lagosuchus, a contemporary archosaur described the previous year. However, a 1994 study argued that the original material of Lagosuchus was undiagnostic. This would mean that Lagosuchus and its original species (Lagosuchus talampayaensis) could be considered nomen dubia. Specimens of Lagosuchus stored at a museum in San Miguel de Tucuman were considered to be more diagnostic than those of L. talampayensis, and thus they were given a new genus: Marasuchus. A 2019 study redescribed the original material of Lagosuchus and concluded that it was valid and not readily distinguishable from Marasuchus lilloensis. This suggests that\n\nQuestion: What's Thornhill, British Columbia?", "output": "The community of Thornhill is an unincorporated settlement of over 5,000 people on the east side of the Skeena River immediately across from the City of Terrace, British Columbia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Agrarianism is a social and political philosophy that has promoted subsistence agriculture, family farming, widespread property ownership, and political decentralization. Adherents of agrarianism tend to value traditional bonds of local community over urban modernity. Agrarian political parties sometimes aim to support the rights and sustainability of small farmers and poor peasants against the wealthy in society. Philosophy Some scholars suggest that agrarianism values rural society as superior to urban society and the independent farmer as superior to the paid worker, and sees farming as a way of life that can shape the ideal social values. It stresses the superiority of a simpler rural life as opposed to the complexity of city life. For example, M. Thomas Inge defines agrarianism by the following basic tenets: Farming is the sole occupation that offers total independence and self-sufficiency. Urban life, capitalism, and technology destroy independence and dignity and foster vice and weakness. The\n\nApplesoft BASIC is a dialect of Microsoft BASIC, developed by Marc McDonald and Ric Weiland, supplied with the Apple II series of computers. It supersedes Integer BASIC and is the BASIC in ROM in all Apple II series computers after the original Apple II model. It is also referred to as FP BASIC (from floating point) because of the Apple DOS command used to invoke it, instead of INT for Integer BASIC. Applesoft BASIC was supplied by Microsoft and its name is derived from the names of both Apple Computer and Microsoft. Apple employees, including Randy Wigginton, adapted Microsoft's interpreter for the Apple II and added several features. The first version of Applesoft was released in 1977 on cassette tape and lacked proper support for high-resolution graphics. Applesoft II, which was made available on cassette and disk and in the ROM of the Apple II Plus and subsequent models, was\n\nThe Volkswagen Microbus/Bulli concept vehicles are a series of concept cars that are styled to recall the original Volkswagen Microbus built by Volkswagen AG. The first of these was the Volkswagen Microbus Concept Car (also known as the New Microbus and Microbus Concept), first presented at the 2001 North American International Auto Show (NAIAS). Later concepts included the Bulli (2011), BUDD-e (2016), and ID BUZZ (2017), all battery electric vehicle concepts, and the ID BUZZ has now gone into production after its launch in 2022. Design The new Microbus Concept was completely modern compared to the Type 2, featuring a 7-inch screen in the center console and a second ceiling-located 7-inch screen that allowed the driver to see behind the vehicle. Passengers had 8-inch screens mounted in the seatbacks for video entertainment. The Microbus Concept was approximately the same size as the contemporary Volkswagen Eurovan, and was powered by a\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Volkswagen Microbus/Bulli concept vehicles is.", "output": "The Volkswagen Microbus/Bulli concept vehicles are a series of concept cars that are styled to recall the original Volkswagen Microbus built by Volkswagen AG."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Loenen aan de Vecht (or just Loenen) is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It was the main village in the former municipality of Loenen. Since 2011 it has become part of the newly formed municipality of Stichtse Vecht. It lies about 10 km west of Hilversum. History The village was first mentioned in 953 as Lona, and is probably the name of a waterway. In 1978, it was officially named Loenen aan de Vecht to distinguish from the other villages named Loenen. Loenen developed along the river Vecht. was built next to the village in the 13th century. The castle was destroyed in 1296 after some of the murderers of Floris V, Count of Holland sought shelter in the castle. The area was confiscated by Holland and became an enclave within Utrecht. In 1354, the castle was rebuilt. In 1672, it was destroyed by the French. In\n\nA Semantic Service Oriented Architecture (SSOA) is an architecture that allows for scalable and controlled Enterprise Application Integration solutions. SSOA describes an approach to enterprise-scale IT infrastructure. It leverages rich, machine-interpretable descriptions of data, services, and processes to enable software agents to autonomously interact to perform critical mission functions. SSOA is technically founded on three notions: The principles of Service-oriented architecture (SOA); Standard Based Design (SBD); and Semantics-based computing. SSOA combines and implements these computer science concepts into a robust, extensible architecture capable of enabling complex, powerful functions. Applications In the health care industry, SSOA of HL7 has long been implemented. Other protocols include LOINC, PHIN, and HIPAA related standards. There is a series of SSOA-related ISO standards published for financial services, which can be found at the ISO's website,,. Some financial sectors also adopt EMV standards to facilitate European consumers. A part of SSOA on transport and trade are\n\nBrian Tate Milner (born November 17, 1959) is an American former professional baseball player. He played two games in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays in 1978 as a catcher. Biography Milner attended Southwest High School in Fort Worth, Texas, where he played baseball and football. He planned to attend Arizona State University, but was selected in the seventh round of the 1978 MLB draft, held June 6\u20138, by the Toronto Blue Jays. He signed with Toronto on June 17 after being offered a $150,000 signing bonus and the opportunity to join the MLB team immediately. Milner joined the Blue Jays the next day, but did not make his major-league debut until June 23, in a road game against the Cleveland Indians. He became the first, and to date only, catcher to be brought directly to the major leagues after being signed since the MLB draft began\n\nQuestion: What's Semantic service-oriented architecture?", "output": "A Semantic Service Oriented Architecture is an architecture that allows for scalable and controlled Enterprise Application Integration solutions."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In England and Wales, from 1846 to 1971, a county court judge was a judge appointed under the terms of the County Court Act 1846 to sit in the county courts. Each county court judge was assigned to a county court circuit. Appointment They were initially appointed by the Lord Chancellor; after the enactment of the Administration of Justice Act 1956, they were directly appointed by the Queen. Salary Their salary was initially \u00a31,000. In 1852, a differential salary scheme was introduced whereby judges were paid \u00a31,500, \u00a31,350, or \u00a31,200. In 1867, their salaries were uniformly set to \u00a31,500. In 1937, it was raised to \u00a32,000, and in 1952 it was raised to \u00a32,800. Thereafter it was regularly adjusted upwards, up to \u00a36,550 in 1969. Style and dress From 1884, they were given the style of \"His Honour\" while in office. In 1919, they were given the right to continue\n\nEmrys Daniel Hughes (10 July 1894 \u2013 18 October 1969) was a Welsh Labour Party politician, journalist and author. He was Labour MP for South Ayrshire in Scotland from 1946 to 1969. Among his many published books was a biography of his father-in-law, Keir Hardie. Life Hughes was born in Tonypandy, Wales, the son of the Reverend J. R. Hughes, a Calvinistic Methodist minister, and his wife Annie. He was educated at Abercynon Council School, Mountain Ash Secondary School and City of Leeds Training College. While working as a teacher and journalist in the Rhondda, he became a strong supporter of the Labour Party and of Keir Hardie, the Labour MP for Merthyr Tydfil. Hughes was, like Hardie, a pacifist. He opposed the First World War and was imprisoned as a conscientious objector. In the 1923 General Election, Hughes was the unsuccessful Labour candidate for Bosworth, Leicestershire, a constituency which\n\nK\u00f6rfez, formerly known as Elaia, or Elaea, is a municipality and district of Kocaeli Province, Turkey. Its area is 301 km2, and its population is 178,048 (2022). The mayor is \u015eener S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct (AKP) and the district governor is U\u011fur Kalkar, appointed in August 2022. The cement plant is a major source of greenhouse gas. History is located in the district. It was built in 1898 for the German Emperor Wilhelm's visit to the Ottoman Empire. The district K\u00f6rfez was established in 1987 from parts of the central district of Kocaeli (now \u0130zmit) and of the district of Gebze. At the same time, the municipality Yar\u0131mca was renamed to K\u00f6rfez. It has borders with \u015eile to north, Derince from east, Dilovas\u0131 from southwest and Gebze from west. Hereke and Kirazl\u0131yal\u0131 were independent towns within the district until they were absorbed into the municipality K\u00f6rfez in 2008. Composition There are 36 neighbourhoods\n\nQuestion: What is County Court judge?", "output": "In England and Wales, from 1846 to 1971, a county court judge was a judge appointed under the terms of the County Court Act 1846 to sit in the county courts."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mobiola is a wide range of software by SHAPE Services. Overview Mobiola Video Studio is a video converter of movies, DVDs, YouTube, Metacafe, Google Videos to the video format appropriate for the iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, BlackBerry, Windows Mobile, Symbian, Java MIDP 2.0, Palm, Android, and Sony PSP devices. Mobiola Video Studio supports automatic discovery of mobile device model and drag-and-drop of videos from DVD or browser to device. Mobiola xPlayer is a multimedia player for BlackBerry with the support of mp3, m4a, avi, mp4, 3gp, wma, amr, mid, wav, aac, wmv file formats. It also supports live radio stations, podcasts, themes, BlackBerry Inbox integration and push notifications. Mobiola Web Camera is a mobile software that transforms BlackBerry, Windows Mobile, Symbian smartphones into a mobile wireless webcam. Mobiola Web Camera is a two-part application. One part must be installed onto a Microsoft Windows compatible PC or a Mac OS X\n\nAutostereoscopy is any method of displaying stereoscopic images (adding binocular perception of 3D depth) without the use of special headgear, glasses, something that affects vision, or anything for eyes on the part of the viewer. Because headgear is not required, it is also called \"glasses-free 3D\" or \"glassesless 3D\". There are two broad approaches currently used to accommodate motion parallax and wider viewing angles: eye-tracking, and multiple views so that the display does not need to sense where the viewer's eyes are located. Examples of autostereoscopic displays technology include lenticular lens, parallax barrier, and may include Integral imaging, but notably do not include volumetric display or holographic displays. Technology Many organizations have developed autostereoscopic 3D displays, ranging from experimental displays in university departments to commercial products, and using a range of different technologies. The method of creating autostereoscopic flat panel video displays using lenses was mainly developed in 1985 by\n\nDieter Hoene\u00df (born 7 January 1953) is a German former professional football player and executive. A forward in his playing career, Hoene\u00df was mainly associated with Bayern Munich. After retiring, he stayed connected with football, working extensively in directorial capacities for several clubs. Hoene\u00df represented West Germany at the 1986 World Cup. Club career Born in Ulm, West Germany, Hoene\u00df played from age six to fourteen as a goalkeeper on amateur level for VfB Ulm, which was co-founded by his father, the master butcher Erwin Hoene\u00df on 13 November 1949. The team won the 1960/61 season \u2013 together with his brother Uli \u2013 the 1st districts championship in the D\u2013Youth. From 1967 to 1973 Hoene\u00df played for TSG Ulm 1846. In 1973, at the age of 20, he moved to VfR Aalen in the first amateur league (third division), before he moved to the professionals in 1975 with VfB Stuttgart,\n\nQuestion: Who is Dieter Hoene\u00df", "output": "Dieter Hoene\u00df is a German former professional football player and executive."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "George MacKinnon Wrong (June 25, 1860 \u2013 June 29, 1948) was a Canadian clergyman and historian. Life and career Born at Grovesend in Elgin County, Canada West (now Ontario), he was ordained in the Anglican priesthood in 1883 after attending Wycliffe College. In 1894, as successor to Sir Daniel Wilson, he was appointed professor and head of the Department of History at the University of Toronto from which he retired in 1927. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1908 and received an honorary LLD from McGill University in 1919 and the University of Toronto in 1941. Wrong died in Toronto, Ontario on June 29, 1948. A believer in the historian's moral duty to interpret the past for society's present needs, Wrong viewed Canadian history in terms of the country's British and French origins and the American presence. As a teacher, administrator, writer, and a\n\nThe selector technique is a method to amplify and multiplex genomic DNA. Process Genomic DNA is digested with restriction enzymes, circularized by hybridisation to selectors and subsequently attached to a vector sequence by ligation. The procedure results in circular DNA molecules with an included general primer pair motif that can be used for amplification by PCR or RCA. Selector construct A selector consists of two oligonucleotides, one Vector oligonucleotide and one Selector probe. Together they form one Selector with target specific ends on each side of a general primer motif. Selection mechanisms A selector probe hybridizes with both ends of the selected target. A selector probe hybridizes with one end to the 3\u2019 end of the target and the other end to an internal sequence of the target. The protruding 5' end is cleaved off using Taq polymerase. Publications Demonstration of the selector method The PieceMaker software for designing selector\n\nDag Vag is a Swedish band formed in 1978. The lead singer was Per Odeltorp (1948\u20132012), popularly known as Stig Vig. Their early punk sound became, after a while, increasingly more reggae-like. The band referred to it as \"transcontinental rock-reggae\". Their popularity peaked in the 1980s, but they are still active. Dag Vag sometimes toured with Swedish punk band Ebba Gr\u00f6n and made a cameo in their documentary film Ebba the Movie. Members Current line up Tage Dirty - drums (1978\u2013present) Zilverzurfarn - guitar, vocals (1978-2007, 2010\u2013present) Teka Pukk - guitar (2008\u2013present) Former members Stig Vig - bass, vocals (1978-2012) Bumpaberra - keyboards (1978, 1981-1983, 1988-1990, 1999-2001) Beno Zeno - guitar (1979-1981, 1988-1992, 1999-2001, 2004-2010) Per Cussion - percussion, keyboards (1981-1983) Kopp Te - saxophones, flute (1981-1983, 1989-1992, 1999) Olsson - guitar (1978-1979) Discography Studio albums 1979 - Dag Vag 1979 - Scenbuddism (Live) 1980 - Palsternacka 1982 - 7\n\nQuestion: Define Dag Vag.", "output": "Dag Vag is a Swedish band formed in 1978."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alexander Emmanuel Rodolphe Agassiz (December 17, 1835March 27, 1910), son of Louis Agassiz and stepson of Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz, was an American scientist and engineer. Biography Agassiz was born in Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland, and immigrated to the United States with his parents, Louis and Cecile (Braun) Agassiz, in 1846. He graduated from Harvard University in 1855, subsequently studying engineering and chemistry, and taking the degree of Bachelor of Science at the Lawrence Scientific School of the same institution in 1857; in 1859 became an assistant in the United States Coast Survey. Thenceforward he became a specialist in marine ichthyology. Agassiz was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1862. Up until the summer of 1866, Agassiz worked as assistant curator in the museum of natural history that his father founded at Harvard. E. J. Hulbert, a friend of Agassiz's brother-in-law, Quincy Adams Shaw, had discovered a\n\nMcCool Hill is the tallest of the Columbia Hills in Gusev crater, Mars. It was named in honor of William C. McCool, an astronaut of the Space Shuttle Columbia during its final mission where it disintegrated during atmospheric reentry (see Space Shuttle Columbia disaster). The hill was to be Spirit rover's next target. She was expected to reach significant north-facing slopes on the hill in mid-April 2006, and spend her second winter on Mars there. However, on the way to the slopes on \"McCool Hill\" between outcrops nicknamed \"Oberth\" and \"Korolev,\" Spirit ran into an impassable sandy area. To increase solar power output, Spirits handlers redirected the rover to a closer north-facing slope in an area known as \"Low Ridge\" or \"Low Ridge Haven,\" about 20 meters away from the rover's position on sol 802 (April 5, 2006). Spirit spent the rest of the Martian winter here, operating from a\n\nPerlez (; ) is a village located in the Zrenjanin municipality, in the Central Banat District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Serb ethnic majority (87.29%) and its population numbering 3,818 people (2002 census). History Baden culture graves and ceramics (bowls, anthropomorphic urns) were found in the village. The town originally consisted of a hamlet named Siga, next to which a fort called \u0160anac was built in the early-18th Century. (At the time this was part of the Austrian frontier with the Ottoman Empire.) In 1752, Count Perlas, president the administration of the Banat and treasurer for the province of Timisoara, founded a new village just outside the fort, which he named after himself. Early settlers were Serbs from elsewhere in the region, Germans, Croats, Slovaks and Hungarians, many of whom were employed as border guards. Following the Treaty of Trianon\n\nQuestion: Define McCool Hill.", "output": "McCool Hill is the tallest of the Columbia Hills in Gusev crater, Mars."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The National Monuments Record of Scotland (NMRS) was the term used for the archive of the sites, monuments and buildings of Scotland's past maintained by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. The Commission was originally established by Royal Warrant in the reign of George VI \"to make an inventory of the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions connected with or illustrative of the contemporary culture, civilization and conditions of life of the people in Scotland from the earliest times to the year 1707, and to specify those which seem most worthy of preservation.\" The separate name for the archive is no longer given prominence in RCAHMS corporate publications, and the term National Record of the Historic Environment is preferred. The NMRS was created when the Scottish National Buildings Record (itself founded in 1942) was transferred to the RCAHMS in 1966. There are 240,000 archaeological sites,\n\nJohn Philip Brooke Brooke-Little (6 April 1927 \u2013 13 February 2006) was an English writer on heraldic subjects, and a long-serving herald at the College of Arms in London. In 1947, while still a student, Brooke-Little founded the Society of Heraldic Antiquaries, now known as the Heraldry Society and recognised as one of the leading learned societies in its field. He served as the society's chairman for 50 years and then as its president from 1997 until his death in 2006. In addition to the foundation of this group, Brooke-Little was involved in other heraldic groups and societies and worked for many years as an officer of arms; beginning as Bluemantle Pursuivant, Brooke-Little rose to the second highest heraldic office in England: Clarenceux King of Arms. Early and private life John Brooke-Little was born in Blackheath, Kent. His mother, Constance Egan, was the author of many children's stories including the\n\nJoseph Pilato (March 16, 1949 \u2013 March 24, 2019) was an American film and voice actor. He was perhaps best known for his performance as Captain Rhodes in the 1985 film Day of the Dead. Early life He was born in Fitchburg in 1949 to an Italian-American family. His father was a professional trombonist with the Les Brown Orchestra. Joseph was enrolled into Catholic school and became an altar boy, where his talent for acting was developed. Career Day of the Dead and success In 1984, six years after the release of Dawn of the Dead, director George A. Romero was planning a new zombie film called Day of the Dead. Pilato had appeared as a cameo in Dawn of the Dead as a police officer, which had been his first feature film role. Pilato was selected to play United States Army Captain Rhodes. He is best known for this\n\nQuestion: What is Joseph Pilato?", "output": "Joseph Pilato was an American film and voice actor."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Justvik or Gjusvik is a village and district in the municipality of Kristiansand in Vest-Agder county, Norway. Its population (as of January 2014) is 2,770. The village of Justvik is located on the west shore of the Topdalsfjorden, just north of the lake Gillsvannet. Before the large municipal merger with Kristiansand in 1965, the Justvik area was part of the old municipality of Tveit, while the Justnes and Eidsbukta areas immediately to the south belonged to Oddernes municipality. Justvik has both older housing and several housing estates which were built during the economic boom from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s. Within the village is Justvik Church, Justvik School (for elementary and middle school students), sports facilities, and a grocery store. There are several neighborhoods within the district of Justvik: Bleget, Greppest\u00f8l\u00e5sen, Justneshalv\u00f8ya, Justvik, J\u00e6rnesheia, and Kvernhusheia. Politics The 10 largest political parties in Justvik as of the 2015 election: Transportation\n\nQuartier La Horie is a French Army base. It is located in the Moselle d\u00e9partement, about 2 miles(3 km) west of the town of Phalsbourg, on the north side of the Route nationale 4 (N4) Highway adjacent to the village Saint-Jean-Kourtzerode; 29 miles (47 km) northwest of Strasbourg. During the Cold War, Phalsbourg-Bourscheid Air Base was a front-line base for the United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE). Origins Prior to 1950, there were no existing airfields in the Phalsbourg area. With the advent of the Cold War in the late 1940s and the formation of NATO, agreements were made to expand the United States military presence in western Europe. The United States would also provide some of the tactical air power. This led to the expansion of the United States Air Forces in Europe. The United States would eventually base combat aircraft and personnel in Belgium, England, France, Iceland,\n\nSidney Peterson (November 15, 1905, Oakland, California \u2013 April 24, 2000, New York City) was an American writer, artist, and avant-garde filmmaker. He attended UC Berkeley, worked as a newspaper reporter in Monterey, and spent time as a practicing painter and sculptor in France in the 1920s and 1930s. After World War II, Peterson founded Workshop 20 at the California School of Fine Arts (renamed the San Francisco Art Institute), initiating filmmaking courses at the school. Between 1947 and 1950 the workshop produced five films under Peterson's guidance that were influential on the burgeoning American avant-garde cinema, and significant artifacts of the San Francisco Renaissance. In the years that followed, Peterson worked as a consultant for the Museum of Modern Art, made a series of documentary films, penned a novel (A Fly in the Pigment, 1961) and a memoir (The Dark of the Screen, 1980), and worked at Walt Disney\n\nQuestion: What is Justvik", "output": "Justvik or Gjusvik is a village and district in the municipality of Kristiansand in Vest-Agder county, Norway."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Brixton is a predominantly working class suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is the site of the landmark Sentech Tower, and is near the suburbs of Auckland Park and Melville. History The suburb of Brixton was first surveyed in 1902 from a portion of the farm Braamfontein. The suburb was named after the Brixton suburb in London with many of the area's streets taking their names from districts in the British capital. The ridge on which the area was developed in the early 20th century offers a panoramic view of most surrounding areas of Johannesburg. Brixton consists of wide, neat streets containing some 980 houses, many of which are traditional semi-detached homes with low set walls. Architecture The suburb possesses several distinctive churches, with one having been built by Sir Herbert Baker and Frank Fleming. A few Brixton houses have been declared provincial heritage sites. The area also features one\n\nSamuel Esson Jonah (born 19 November 1949) is a Ghanaian businessman and the current chancellor of the University of Cape Coast. He is the executive chairman of Jonah Capital, an equity fund based in Johannesburg, South Africa. Jonah was previously president of AngloGold Ashanti and shared the strategic leadership of the company with its CEO, Bobby Godsell. Early life and education Sam Jonah is a Fante Royal but born in Obuasi and had his high-school education at Adisadel College then earned an Associateship in Mining Engineering at the Camborne School of Mines and subsequently a MSc in Mine Management at the Imperial College of Science and Technology. Career He joined Ashanti Goldfields Corporation in 1979, working in various capacities, including underground operations. At the age of 36 he became the chief executive officer, and supervised the transformation of Ashanti Goldfields into a mining multinational, increased gold production from 240,000 ounces\n\nThe Sassafras River is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay on the Delmarva Peninsula in the United States. It is approximately long and starts in western New Castle County, Delaware, and along the boundary between Cecil County, Maryland on the north and Kent County, Maryland on the south. It rises southwest of Middletown, Delaware and ends at the Chesapeake Bay in a wide mouth between Howell Point near Betterton, Maryland and Grove Point on Grove Neck. It is south of the Elk River and north of the Chester River. The Sassafras River is entirely within the coastal plain. Its watershed area (including the water surface) is , with of land. Thus, its total watershed area is 14% water. There are several small creeks on the northern shore of the Sassafras River, including Money Creek, Cox Creek, Foreman Creek, Back Creek, McGill Creek, Dowdel Creek, Hall Creek, and Duffy Creek. On\n\nQuestion: Who was Sam E. Jonah?", "output": "Samuel Esson Jonah is a Ghanaian businessman and the current chancellor of the University of Cape Coast."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Paul Whitehead is a British painter and graphic artist known for his surrealistic album covers for artists on the Charisma Records label in the 1970s, such as Genesis and Van der Graaf Generator. Life and work England: Liberty Records and Charisma Records An art show in London in the mid-sixties led to Whitehead being picked up as an in-house artist for the London office of Jazz record label Liberty Records. Previously, he had been studying at the University of Oxford on an art scholarship. The first record cover he designed was for a repackaged Fats Domino album. This was followed by a series of work for other reissues for the UK market. In 1968, Whitehead became the original art director for Time Out in London magazine, which led him to further commissions for album covers. After a meeting with producer John Anthony, Whitehead was introduced to Tony Stratton Smith, the\n\nis a 2004 Japanese teen romance film by director Shunji Iwai. The film, shot on HD digital video by the director of photography, Noboru Shinoda, who shared a longstanding working relationship with Shunji Iwai, concerns the life of two girls, the titular Hana (Anne Suzuki) and Alice (Y\u016b Aoi), and the stress placed on their friendship as they move into high school. It was theatrical released in Japan in 2004. It moved into theaters in other Asian territories later in 2004 and 2005, and into western film festivals, such as New York Asian Film Festival and Seattle International Film Festival. Plot When Alice develops a crush on a stranger at the train station, she offers her best friend, Hana, the stranger's \"half brother,\" Masashi. Hana declines, but after watching Masashi from a distance, she develops feelings for him. She stalks him by travelling on his regular train throughout the winter.\n\nSabah Air Aviation Sdn Bhd, trading as SabahAir (Malay: Penerbangan Sabah), is a non-scheduled airline with its main base in the Sabah Air Building in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. History The airline was incorporated in 1975 as a private limited company wholly owned by the state government of Sabah, under the purview of the state Ministry of Finance. The board of directors is made up of the state government and the private sector. The role of the board is to formulate a set of strategies and policies to achieve a common goal and vision. The Air Operator Certificate issued to SabahAir by the Malaysian Department of Civil Aviation permits it to carry out non-scheduled air services and flying services to any destinations in Malaysia. Services Sabah Air currently provides sightseeing flights above neighbouring islands and beaches in Sabah, such as Gaya, Manukan, and Sapi islands, to visitors. The airline has\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Hana and Alice is.", "output": "is a 2004 Japanese teen romance film by director Shunji Iwai."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Loreto College is a Roman Catholic sixth form college in Hulme, Manchester, England, based on the educational philosophy of Mary Ward, a 16th-century nun, who founded the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the congregation of religious sisters who started the college in 1851. Awards and achievements Loreto College was rated as \"Outstanding in every respect\" Ofsted 2010. Loreto College has also achieved the AoC Beacon Schools Award. The college has had 5 students gaining places on the Prime Minister's Global Fellowship programme. It achieved its first student in the inaugural year, 2008. Based on ALP's analysis between 2011 and 2013 (Advanced Level Performance) Loreto College has been placed in the top 1% of colleges nationally. Highest A-Level Results of any college in Manchester. Ranked as the first sixth form college in the country for value added, according to Government legal tables, three years on the run. Manchester Evening News\n\nJes\u00fas Hector Guti\u00e9rrez Rebollo (19 April 1934 \u2013 19 December 2013) was a Mexican military general who was sentenced to 40 years in prison on multiple charges, including involvement in organized crime in the late nineties. Biography He was born in 1934 in Jonacatepec, Morelos. He was a career soldier who rose to the rank of Division General. He commanded the Fifth Military Region based in Jalisco, and worked for the office of the Attorney General where he was appointed the country's top-ranking drug interdiction officer in 1996 as head of the Instituto Nacional para el Combate a las Drogas (INCD). Guti\u00e9rrez had access to local intelligence and to intelligence provided to Mexico by the United States, including anti-drug investigations, wiretaps, interdiction programs, operations and informant identities. Arrest and charges The authorities began investigating Guti\u00e9rrez on February 6, 1997, after they received a tip that he had moved into an\n\nAnders Rosenberg Hansen (born 16 September 1970) is a semi-retired Danish professional golfer. Career Hansen was born in S\u00f8nderborg, Denmark. He turned professional in 1995. It took him a few years to establish himself on the European Tour, with his first top 116 Order of Merit finish (the level a player requires to automatically regain his card) coming in 1999. His maiden European Tour victory was the 2002 Volvo PGA Championship and he finished in the top 60 on the Order of Merit every year from 2000 to 2012, with a best of seventh in 2011. He has featured in the top 25 of the Official World Golf Ranking and has been the highest ranked Danish golfer. Hansen represented Denmark in the WGC-World Cup in 1999, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2007. Hansen had six top-10 finishes in 2006 including a third at the Dubai Desert Classic, playing the two\n\nQuestion: Who is Anders Hansen?", "output": "Anders Rosenberg Hansen is a semi-retired Danish professional golfer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Soling is an open keelboat that holds the World Sailing \"International class\" status. The class was used from the 1972 Olympics until the 2000 Olympics as \"Open three-person keelboat\". Besides the Olympic career of the Soling the boat is used for international and local regattas as well as for recreational sailing. The Soling is managed by the International Soling Association under auspician of World Sailing since 1968. The Soling is a strong boat designed for any wind and sea condition by Jan Herman Linge from Norway in 1964. The boats are one-design originating from an authorized single plug and mould system and made of fiberglass. This together with a strict set of class rules makes competition possible on a \"level playing field\". Solings last a long time, and boats produced in the early days are still in competition today (more than 50 years after being built). At the 2019\n\nSiddiq Baloch (alternatively Siddiq Balouch or Siddique Baloch) (10 February 1940 5 February 2018) was a Pakistani journalist, and senior political economist. He was Editor-in-chief of the English daily Balochistan Express (Quetta), an Urdu daily Azadi, and the English Weekly Express, (Quetta). He also regularly contributed columns to Dawn newspaper for nearly 29 years, and was an authority on Balochistan's social, political and economic matters. Personal life Siddiq Balouch was born in the suburb of Chakiwara near Lyari, in Pakistan's 'business capital' Karachi, but migrated to Quetta, Balochistan in 1990. He advocated for 'freedom of expression' and, over the years, has spoken openly against dictatorship and bans on the media. When the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) Ordinance was amended in November 2007 by President Pervez Musharraf, placing curbs on the media, Balouch told Weekly Pulse:PEMRA ordinance is a bid to muffle the right to freedom of expression and\n\nDave Lavery (born May 28, 1959) is an American scientist and roboticist who is the Program Executive for Solar System Exploration at NASA Headquarters. He also is a member of the FIRST Executive Advisory Board, and is well-known among participants of the FIRST Robotics Competition as a mentor of Team 116. Early life and education From an early age, Lavery was obsessed with space exploration. With his eyesight being too poor to become an astronaut, he set about to use machines as his proxy for exploring the solar system. He attended Virginia Tech, where he obtained a bachelor's degree in Computer Science. Career Lavery led NASA's Telerobotics Technology Development Program, responsible for the direction and oversight of robotics and planetary exploration within the organization. He and the program was responsible for the likes of the Mars Sojourner rover, which was the first rover he worked on, and the National Robotics\n\nQuestion: Who is Dave Lavery", "output": "Dave Lavery is an American scientist and roboticist who is the Program Executive for Solar System Exploration at NASA Headquarters."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Centiloquium (= \"one hundred sayings\"), also called Ptolemy's Centiloquium, is a collection of one hundred aphorisms about astrology and astrological rules. It is first recorded at the start of the tenth century CE, when a commentary was written on it by the Egyptian mathematician Ahmad ibn Yusuf al-Misri (later sometimes confounded with his namesake Ali ibn Ridwan ibn Ali ibn Ja'far al-Misri, or in Latin \"Haly ibn Rodoan\", who lived a century later and wrote a commentary on Ptolemy's Tetrabiblios). Influence and authorship The Centiloquium opens with a dedication to Syrus, like the classical astronomer Ptolemy's astrological treatise the Tetrabiblos (\"Four books\"). Ptolemy was indeed accepted as its author by medieval Arabic, Hebrew and Latin scholars, and the book was widely taken up and quoted. In Arabic it was known as the Kitab al-Tamara (\"Book of the Fruit\"), the name supposedly a translation of the Greek meaning \"fruit\", the\n\nIn the Java computer programming language, an annotation is a form of syntactic metadata that can be added to Java source code. Classes, methods, variables, parameters and Java packages may be annotated. Like Javadoc tags, Java annotations can be read from source files. Unlike Javadoc tags, Java annotations can also be embedded in and read from Java class files generated by the Java compiler. This allows annotations to be retained by the Java virtual machine at run-time and read via reflection. It is possible to create meta-annotations out of the existing ones in Java. History The Java platform has various ad-hoc annotation mechanisms\u2014for example, the transient modifier, or the @Deprecated javadoc tag. The Java Specification Request JSR-175 introduced the general-purpose annotation (also known as metadata) facility to the Java Community Process in 2002; it gained approval in September 2004. Annotations became available in the language itself beginning with version 1.5\n\nOver the James is the fourth studio album by punk rock band Avail. It was released in 1998 on Lookout! Records. The album was re-released in 2006 by Jade Tree Records. The re-release contains the songs from Avail's split record with the (Young) Pioneers, as well as two tracks recorded for compilations. Reception and legacy Brian Raftery of AllMusic gave Over the James a three star review praising cuts like \"Sanctuary 13\" and \"August\" but noting the band's stagnation. Zach Baron of Pitchfork gave the album 7.7 out of 10 praising the album's production, stating: \"slicker, slower, longer-- epic, sorta pretentious-- but also the apotheosis of their sound, more or less: All chorus, all the time\". In May 2019, Decibel inducted Over the James into their Hall of Fame, calling it a melodic hardcore classic that was popular among emo and metal fans alike. Track listing All tracks by Avail.\n\nQuestion: What is Java annotation", "output": "In the Java computer programming language, an annotation is a form of syntactic metadata that can be added to Java source code."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Duirinish railway station is a remote railway station on the Kyle of Lochalsh Line near the settlement of Duirinish in the Highlands, northern Scotland. The station is approximately inland of Scotland's west coast, near Loch Lundie. The station is from , between Kyle of Lochalsh and Plockton. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services here. History The station was built by the Kyle of Lochalsh Extension (Highland Railway) between Stromeferry and Kyle of Lochalsh, opening on 2 November 1897. Facilities Facilities here, like many other stations on the line, are incredibly basic, consisting just of a shelter, a help point, some bike racks and a bench, although the station does have step-free access. As there are no facilities to purchase tickets, passengers must buy one in advance, or from the guard on the train. Services Four trains each way call (on request) on weekdays and Saturdays. On Sundays, there\n\nCircle: International Survey of Constructivist Art was an almost 300-page art book published in London, England, in 1937. It was edited by the artists Ben Nicholson and Naum Gabo and the architect Leslie Martin with the layout being designed by Barbara Hepworth. Circle was intended to be a series of publications so is sometimes referred to as a journal or magazine, although only one issue was actually produced. Contributors are listed and categorized as painters, sculptors, architects, and writers on the front cover. The main texts are Gabo's essay \"The Constructive Idea in Art\" that is the main statement by the artist on his work and Piet Mondrian's seminal essay \"Plastic Art and Pure Plastic Art\". As well as these, others featured are: J. D. Bernal Constantin Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i Le Corbusier Karel Honz\u00edk El Lissitzky Malevich L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Moholy-Nagy Henry Moore Lewis Mumford Richard Neutra Antoine Pevsner Herbert Read Cecil Stephenson Circle\n\nDeutschlandsender Zeesen was a facility for longwave broadcasting near Zeesen, a district of K\u00f6nigs Wusterhausen in Germany. Built by the German Reichspost in 1927, it served the nationwide Deutschlandsender radio transmissions by the Deutsche Welle broadcaster. History Construction started after the capacity of the first K\u00f6nigs Wusterhausen radio transmitter became insufficient to meet the growing demand. The completion of the Zeesen facility was delayed for three weeks, when the western of the two masts collapsed as its construction reached a height of . The station was inaugurated on 20 December 1927, then called Deutschlandsender II. The Zeesen transmitter's antenna comprised a and T-antenna spun between two guyed masts, which were apart. It was connected directly with the transmitter which was housed in a building in the middle of the two masts. Until 1928 Deutschlandsender II used the frequency 240 kHz. Afterwards its frequency was 183.5 kHz and, after 1934, 191\n\nQuestion: What is Duirinish railway station", "output": "Duirinish railway station is a remote railway station on the Kyle of Lochalsh Line near the settlement of Duirinish in the Highlands, northern Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Abhayamudr\u0101 \"gesture of fearlessness\" is a mudr\u0101 (gesture) that is the gesture of reassurance and safety, which dispels fear and accords divine protection and bliss in Hinduism, Buddhism and other Indian religions. The right hand is held upright, and the palm is facing outwards. This is one of the earliest mudr\u0101s found depicted on a number of Hindu, Buddhist, Jain and Sikh images. The abhayamudr\u0101 (\u65bd\u7121\u754f\u5370) represents protection, peace, benevolence and the dispelling of fear. The Hindu god Nataraja is depicted with the second right hand making the Abhaya Mudra, bestowing protection from both evil and ignorance to those who follow the righteousness of dharma. In Theravada Buddhism, it is usually made with the right hand raised to shoulder height, the arm bent and the palm facing outward with the fingers upright and joined and the left hand hanging down while standing. In Thailand and Laos, this mudra is\n\nLielv\u0101rde (; ), population 5885, is a town in Ogre Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia, on the right bank of the Daugava river, 52 km southeast of Riga. History The area was a contact zone between the Finnic Livonians and the Balts, and many prehistoric artifacts have been uncovered there. A Baltic hill-fort named Lennewarden being taken in fief by Albert of Buxhoeveden in 1201 is mentioned in the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia. This site is called Dievukalns (Hill of the Gods) in Latvian. A stone castle was constructed by the Riga diocese in 1229; its ruins are still accessible today. A parochial school was established when the area was part of Swedish Livonia, but ca. 70% of the population perished in the Great Plague of 1710. The opening of the Riga\u2013Daugavpils Railway in 1861 led to the expansion of the town around the railway station Ringmundhofa\n\nChristina of Holstein-Gottorp (13 April 1573 in Kiel \u2013 8 December 1625 at Gripsholm Castle) was Queen of Sweden as the second wife of King Charles IX. She served as regent in 1605, during the absence of her spouse, and in 1611, during the minority of her son, King Gustav II Adolph. Biography Christina was the daughter of Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, and Christine of Hesse (daughter of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse). In 1586, she was suggested as a bride for Sigismund of Poland, but nothing came of plans to marry him. On 8 July 1592, she became the second spouse of Charles, Duke of S\u00f6dermanland, who in 1599 became Sweden's regent and in 1604 its king. She was crowned together with her spouse in Uppsala cathedral in 1607. According to legend, she encouraged her spouse to conquer the throne from Sigismund in 1598 because of her disappointment that\n\nQuestion: What's Christina of Holstein-Gottorp?", "output": "Christina of Holstein-Gottorp was Queen of Sweden as the second wife of King Charles IX."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Cereal was a cereal based on the Bill & Ted movies and cartoon of the late 1980s and early 1990s. It was promoted with the branding slogan \"A Most Awesome Breakfast Adventure\". The magazine Mental Floss ranked it first in their list of the 10 best marketing-inspired breakfast cereals. The cereal was made by Ralston Purina, which at the time sold food products for both humans and animals. The cereal was cinnamon-flavored and had mini music-themed marshmallows, although they resembled pieces of Kibbles 'n Bits. While the cereal was sold, which was for only a short period, it offered many giveaways and promotions. One of the more prominent ones was \"Hysterical Postcards,\" which were mini-postcards involving Bill & Ted and their trips through time. Another notable promotion was a free audio-cassette holder, shaped in the image of the Phone Booth, and with a sticker depicting the\n\nSuperman: Ultimate Flight is the name of three flying roller coasters currently operating at three Six Flags amusement parks in the United States, those being Six Flags Over Georgia, Six Flags Great Adventure and Six Flags Great America. Each of these steel coasters were designed and built by Swiss manufacturer Bolliger & Mabillard and opened in 2002 and 2003. Since 2003, Six Flags has installed Superman: Ultimate Flight in three of their parks. Themed to the popular comic book character, Superman: Ultimate Flight simulates flying by positioning its passengers parallel to the track, supported by harnesses and facing the ground through most of the ride. In the station, riders board the train sitting down. After the train is locked and checked, the trains are raised into the flying position. After the ride, the seats are lowered back into the sitting position for the next round of riders. History The first\n\nFabrizio Cicchitto (born 26 October 1940) is an Italian politician, whose career has followed a trajectory from radical socialism to centre-right reformism. Biography Fabrizio Cicchitto entered politics in the early 1960s, supporting the Riccardo Lombardi-led Marxist left-wing of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and then becoming secretary of the party's youth organization (Federazione Giovanile Socialista Italiana; Italian Young Socialist Federation). Cicchitto also became sympathetic to Eurocommunism and the Historic Compromise path taken by the Italian Communist Party (PCI), while being highly critical of Christian Democracy (DC) itself, as well as of the American CIA and the Italian Servizio Informazioni Difesa. According to him, DC would have exploited the Red Brigades' activities and the Aldo Moro case to cut off relations with the PCI. In 1981, he confessed to being a member of the masonic lodge Propaganda Due (P2). Shortly after this move, Cicchitto was excluded from the Socialist Party. Readmitted\n\nQuestion: What's Bill & Ted's Excellent Cereal?", "output": "Bill & Ted's Excellent Cereal was a cereal based on the Bill & Ted movies and cartoon of the late 1980s and early 1990s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Swampscott Town Hall, previously the Elihu Thomson House, is a historic building in Swampscott, Massachusetts. The house was designed by architect James T. Kelley and built in 1889 for the noted inventor, electrical engineer, and industrialist Elihu Thomson (1853-1937). Thomson was, with Edwin J. Houston, co-founder of the Thomson-Houston Electric Company which would later merge with Thomas Edison's Edison General Electric Company to become the General Electric Company. The house was built with an observatory, which no longer exists. It has housed Swampscott town offices since 1944, when it was given to the town by Thomson's heirs. The building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976 for its association with Thomson. Description Swampscott Town Hall is set on an expansive lot overlooking the town's soldiers memorial and Linscott Park in the town center. It is a two-story brick Georgian Revival structure with a tiled hip roof that is crowned\n\nZhang Shijie () was a Chinese admiral, military general, and politician during the Mongol invasion of China. Zhang was born to a prosperous family in present-day Hebei (part of the Liao empire, then Jin empire). After the fall of the Jin to the Mongol Empire, Zhang joined the Mongol army and was stationed in present-day Henan province under the command of Zhang Rou, a Han Chinese general of the Mongol Empire. Zhang Shijie defected from the Mongols to the Southern Song dynasty after he committed a crime, to evade punishment. Zhang Shijie gained his position in the Song administration after passing his civil service examination, eventually becoming a successful administrator overseeing civil, military, and naval duties for the Southern Song. After the fall of the capital Lin'an (modern-day Hangzhou), Zhang commanded the Song naval forces during the Mongol invasion of China in 1276, and served as the last commander of\n\nThe fiery-throated hummingbird (Panterpe insignis) is a species of hummingbird in the \"mountain gems\" tribe Lampornithini in subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama. Taxonomy and systematics The fiery-throated hummingbird is the only member of genus Panterpe. It has two subspecies, the nominate P. i. insignis and P. i. eisenmanni. Description The fiery-throated hummingbird is long. Males weigh and females . Within each subspecies the male and female are alike. All have a mostly black bill with a pink base to the mandible and a small white spot behind the eye. The nominate P. i. insignis has a glittering royal blue crown and the rest of the face and nape are black. The back is bright metallic green that becomes bluish green on the uppertail coverts. The tail is blue-black. The center of the throat is brilliant rosy coppery orange and the sides are golden green. It\n\nQuestion: What is Fiery-throated hummingbird", "output": "The fiery-throated hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the \"mountain gems\" tribe Lampornithini in subfamily Trochilinae."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "MTD Products is an American manufacturer of outdoor power equipment for the mass market. Headquartered in Valley City, Ohio, the company began in 1932 and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Stanley Black & Decker. Prior to Stanley Black & Decker's acquisition in December 2021, MTD Products was a majority family-owned, private company. It originated as a tool and die maker (Modern Tool and Die Company). MTD's main competitors are Stihl, Ariens, Briggs & Stratton, John Deere and Husqvarna. Over the years, MTD acquired the Troy-Bilt, Bolens, Cub Cadet, Craftsman (owned by its minority partner), and Yard-Man brands and/or companies. MTD Craftsman mowers utilize the Sears \"247\" model prefix MTD bicycles Starting in 1966, MTD released their line of bicycles that were sold throughout the U.S. These bicycles were mostly muscle bikes and in 1969 they released a chopper, the MTD SS5 Chopper which merged Columbia and MTD. Both brands were\n\nThe Intimate Sessions is an album by Ilse Huizinga with pianist Erik van der Luijt. Track listing \"Angel Eyes\" (Earl Brent, Matt Dennis) \u2013 2:45 \"They Can't Take That Away from Me\" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) \u2013 3:42 \"Don't Explain\" (Arthur Herzog, Jr.) \u2013 3:11 \"It Had to Be You\" (Isham Jones, Gus Kahn) \u2013 2:11 \"That Old Devil Called Love\" (Allan Roberts, Doris Fisher) \u2013 2:23 \"What a Difference a Day Made\" (Mar\u00eda M\u00e9ndez Grever, Stanley Adams) \u2013 3:53 \"Cry Me a River\" (Arthur Hamilton) \u2013 3:51 \"I Can't Give You Anything but Love, Baby\" (Dorothy Fields, Jimmy McHugh) \u2013 2:38 \"Georgia on My Mind\" (Hoagy Carmichael, Stuart Gorrell) \u2013 3:42 \"Fly Me to the Moon\" (Bart Howard) \u2013 2:39 \"I've Got a Crush on You\" (G. Gershwin, I. Gershwin) \u2013 2:11 \"Body and Soul\" (Edward Heyman, Robert Sour, Frank Eyton, Johnny Green) \u2013 2:00 \"Our Love Is Here\n\nThe Cruzeros are a Canadian country rock band from Kelowna, British Columbia. Their concert lineup includes main songwriter and lead vocalist Barry Mathers on guitar and mandolin, Curtis Tulman on vocals, guitar, harmonica and saxophone, Jim Ryan on vocals and bass, songstress Rachel Matkin on vocals and mandolin, Jay Terrence on drums, Gary Smyth on lead guitar and Rod Miller on keys and accordion. History The Cruzeros were formed by Mathers and Tulman in 1985 under the name Sea Cruise. They played top forty cover tunes on the pub and nightclub circuit in Canada's BC Interior. They began writing and recording their own songs later that year and for the next decade home-produced singles which were played on local radio and television through videos produced by the BC Music Project. The band went on a tour of Mexico, and subsequently changed the name to The Cruzeros. During this time the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what The Cruzeros is.", "output": "The Cruzeros are a Canadian country rock band from Kelowna, British Columbia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A recurring dream is a dream which is experienced repeatedly over a long period. They can be pleasant or nightmarish and unique to the person and their experiences. Common themes in recurring dreams Through psychological analyses and studies, some recurrent themes have been identified. These include dreaming of being chased and pursued, which has been repeatedly demonstrated as being the most frequently experienced recurrent theme. The following themes below have been found to contribute to more than half of recurring dreams: Difficulties with house maintenance Teeth falling out \u2013 Sigmund Freud believed that if a woman had a recurring dream of her teeth falling out that she unconsciously longed to have children, and that if a man had this dream he was afraid of castration. Neither of these claims is substantiated. Discovering new rooms in a house \u2013 Freud believed that houses represented bodies. Others thought finding new rooms represented\n\nScott Patrick Moir OLY ( ; born September 2, 1987) is a Canadian retired ice dancer and coach. With ice dance partner Tessa Virtue, he is the 2010 and 2018 Olympic champion, the 2014 Olympic silver medallist, a three-time World champion (2010, 2012, 2017), a three-time Four Continents champion (2008, 2012, 2017), the 2016\u201317 Grand Prix Final champion, an eight-time Canadian national champion (2008\u20132010, 2012\u20132014, 2017\u20132018), the 2006 World Junior champion and the 2006 Junior Grand Prix champion. Moir and Virtue are also the 2018 Olympic gold medallists in the team event and the 2014 Olympic silver medallists in the team event. Upon winning their third Olympic gold medal, they became the most decorated Canadian ice dance team of all time and the most decorated Olympic figure skaters of all time. Widely regarded as one of the greatest ice dance teams of all time, they are the only ice dancers\n\nMung bean nuclease (Nuclease MB) is a nuclease derived from sprouts of the mung bean (Vigna radiata) that removes nucleotides in a step-wise manner from single-stranded DNA molecules (ssDNA) and is used in biotechnological applications to remove such ssDNA from a mixture also containing double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). This enzyme is useful for transcript mapping, removal of single-stranded regions in DNA hybrids or single-stranded overhangs produced by restriction enzymes, etc. It has an activity similar to Nuclease S1 (both are EC 3.1.30.1), but it has higher specificity for single-stranded molecules. The enzyme degrades single-stranded DNA or RNA to nucleoside 5\u2019-monophosphates, but does not digest double-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, or DNA / RNA hybrids. Mung Bean Nuclease catalyzes the specific degradation of single-stranded DNA or RNA, and produces mono and oligonucleotides carrying a 5\u2032-P terminus. Mung bean nuclease has a stringent single-stranded specificity for DNA or RNA. Mung bean nuclease has an\n\nQuestion: Who was Scott Moir?", "output": "Scott Patrick Moir  OLY is a Canadian retired ice dancer and coach."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Karpuzlu is a municipality and district of Ayd\u0131n Province, Turkey. Its area is 286 km2, and its population is 10,590 (2022). It is from the city of Ayd\u0131n. It became a district centre after separation from \u00c7ine in 1990. Karpuzlu is reached by turning off the road from Ayd\u0131n to \u00c7ine. There is infrequent public transport (by minibus) from both towns to Karpuzlu, which can also be reached by the mountain road from Bodrum or Milas. This latter route is popular with tourists on \"jeep safaris\" coming to see the ruins of Alinda. The town is partially situated on the slopes of a hill on the top of which can be seen the well-preserved ruins of the ancient acropolis of Alinda. The modern district of Karpuzlu covers part of the \u00c7ine plain that is part of the southern reaches of the fertile Menderes River (Maeander) valley. The main crops are\n\nThe Council for European Studies (CES), based at Columbia University, is an academic organization for the study of Europe. It offers scholarships and research grants, publications, and an annual conference. History The Council for European Studies was founded in 1970 with a grant from the Ford Foundation. First located at the University of Pittsburgh and later moved to Columbia University, its current institutional host, CES was originally formed as a limited consortium of Western European studies programs at eight major U.S. universities: University of California Berkeley, Columbia University, Harvard, Princeton, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Michigan, University of Wisconsin, and Yale. However, it ceased to be a consortium of eight in 1972, when twenty other universities were invited to become institutional members. Since that time, its institutional membership has grown substantially. Its institutional members currently include over 100 universities, colleges, and institutes around the world. Moreover, although membership was\n\n\"Ain't Talkin' 'bout Love\" is a song by American rock band Van Halen. It was released in October 1978 as the third single from their 1978 debut album, Van Halen. This song is one of the few David Lee Roth-era songs that subsequent replacement Sammy Hagar was willing to sing in concert when he joined the band in the mid-1980s. Guitar World readers ranked it the fifth-best metal riff of all time. Background and writing When Eddie Van Halen wrote the song, he did not consider it good enough to show his bandmates until a year later. He said it was supposed to be a punk rock parody, \"a stupid thing to us, just two chords. It didn't end up sounding punk, but that was the intention.\" The guitar solo was doubled in overdubs with an electric sitar. Legacy The song has been described as \"[laying] down the style and\n\nQuestion: What's Ain't Talkin' 'bout Love?", "output": "\"Ain't Talkin' 'bout Love\" is a song by American rock band Van Halen."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Klara Ivanovna Guseva (; 8 March 1937 in Tambov Oblast \u2013 12 May 2019) was a Russian speed skater. After her marriage, she was also known as Klara Nesterova (). Born in the Russian SFSR, Klara Guseva competed for the Soviet Union. She trained at Spartak in Ryazan. She won a silver medal at the Soviet Allround Championships in 1960 and participated one month later in the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley. These were the first Winter Olympics where speed skating for women was on the programme. Guseva participated in the 500 m and finished 6th. The next day, she finished 4th on the 1,500 m. The day after that, she started in the first pair on the 1,000 m and skated a new Olympic record time of 1:34.1. Nobody was able to beat that time and Guseva was Olympic Champion on the 1,000 m, ahead of silver medallist\n\nCarolyn \"Bunty\" Avieson is an Australian journalist, feature writer, novelist and academic. Career Avieson has a PhD and a Master of Philosophy from Macquarie University, as well as an Associate Diploma of Journalism from RMIT University. In 2008\u20132009 she worked as a media consultant to newspaper Bhutan Observer, partly funded by the United Nations Development Program and was a consultant to Journalists Without Borders, Asia Pacific Desk. Avieson has published three novels, a novella and travel memoir; and been translated into Japanese, German and Thai. She is the recipient of two Ned Kelly Awards. In the 1990s she was editorial director of mass market women's magazines Woman's Day and New Idea. She is a senior lecturer in journalism and media at the University of Sydney. Awards 2002 \u2013 Ned Kelly Awards \u2013 winner of the Best First Novel and Reader's Vote, for Apartment 255 2003 \u2013 shortlisted for Ned Kelly\n\nLaco Lu\u010deni\u010d (born 23 November 1952) is a Slovak musician and music producer. He is known as a former member of such Slovak bands as Ferm\u00e1ta, Pr\u00fady, Modus, and Limit. He became popular for his role as a judge on the Slovak Pop Idol (Slovensko h\u013ead\u00e1 SuperStar). Growing up in the 1960s, he became fascinated by the \"electrifying\" music of the Beatles, Kinks, Rolling Stones, and others. In his project called \"Satisfactory\", he plays music from the 1960s. In November 2006, the show was released on DVD Satisfactory Live In Concert on the Lu\u010deni\u010d's own label doubleL. Lu\u010deni\u010d is also the author of a 1960s encyclopaedia. As a guitarist, he has played with other musicians (Pavol Hammel, Mari\u00e1n Varga, Miro \u017dbirka), along with producing albums (HEX, IMT Smile, Peha, Slobodn\u00e1 Eur\u00f3pa, and also Marika Gombitov\u00e1). His own albums \"Bodliak na plavk\u00e1ch\", \"Zast\u00e1vky na znamenie\" and \"Svetlo (...a pocit bezpe\u010dia)\" have\n\nQuestion: What is Klara Guseva?", "output": "Klara Ivanovna Guseva was a Russian speed skater."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lord Sherborne, Baron of Sherborne, in the County of Gloucester, was a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1784 for James Dutton, who had earlier represented Gloucestershire in Parliament. He was the son of James Dutton (originally James Naper) by Anne Dutton, daughter of Sir Ralph Dutton, 1st Baronet (see Dutton baronets). His father had assumed the surname of Dutton in lieu of his patronymic on succeeding to the Dutton estates in 1743. The title became extinct upon the death of the eighth Baron in 1985. The Honourable Ralph Dutton, youngest son of the second Baron, was Member of Parliament for Hampshire South and Cirencester. The hereditary Earl of Sherbourne was Lord John Marbury (portrayed by Roger Rees) on the American TV series The West Wing. History of Sherborne The ancestral seat of the Dutton family was Sherborne, Gloucestershire. In 1883 the Dutton estate consisted\n\nSteeplecab is railroad terminology for a style or design of electric locomotive; the term is rarely if ever used for other forms of power. The name originated in North America and has been used in Britain as well. A steeplecab design has a central driving cab area which may include a full-height area in between for electrical equipment. On both ends lower sloping hood contain other equipment, especially noisy equipment such as the air compressor not desired within the cab area. When overhead lines are used for power transmission, the cab roof usually supports the equipment to collect the power, either by pantographs, bow collectors or trolley poles. Although on some early designs such as the North Eastern Railways Electric No. 1 a bow collector might be mounted on one of the hoods instead. History The steeplecab style was developed in America. The first ever built steeple cab was a\n\nKuvshinovo () is a town and the administrative center of Kuvshinovsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Osuga, from Tver, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: History The selo of Kamenka (), the predecessor of Kuvshinovo, was first mentioned in 1646. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, it was included into Ingermanlandia Governorate (since 1710 known as Saint Petersburg Governorate), and in 1727 Novgorod Governorate split off. In 1775, Tver Viceroyalty was formed from the lands which previously belonged to Moscow and Novgorod Governorates, and the area was transferred to Tver Viceroyalty, which in 1796 was transformed to Tver Governorate. Kamenka belonged to Novotorzhsky Uyezd (with the center in Torzhok). In the 18th century, a paper mill was opened close to Kamenka. In 1869, merchant Mikhail Kuvshinov bought the mill and considerably expanded it. The mill became known\n\nQuestion: What is Baron Sherborne", "output": "Lord Sherborne, Baron of Sherborne, in the County of Gloucester, was a title in the Peerage of Great Britain."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Suad Amiry () (born 1951) is a Palestinian author and architect living in the West Bank city of Ramallah. Education Her parents went from Palestine to Amman, Jordan. She was brought up there and went to Lebanon's capital of Beirut to study architecture. She studied architecture at the American University of Beirut, the University of Michigan, and the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. Personal life When she returned to Ramallah as a tourist in 1981, she met Salim Tamari, whom she married later, and stayed. Career Her book Sharon and My Mother-in-Law has been translated into 19 languages, the last one in Arabic, which was a bestseller in France, and was awarded in 2004 the prestigious Viareggio Prize in Italy together with Italo-Israeli Manuela Dviri, a journalist, playwright, and writer whose son was killed by a Hezbollah rocket during a confrontation while he was serving in the Israeli Army. From 1991\n\nThe pit of despair was a name used by American comparative psychologist Harry Harlow for a device he designed, technically called a vertical chamber apparatus, that he used in experiments on rhesus macaque monkeys at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison in the 1970s. The aim of the research was to produce an animal model of depression. Researcher Stephen Suomi described the device as \"little more than a stainless-steel trough with sides that sloped to a rounded bottom\": A in. wire mesh floor 1 in. above the bottom of the chamber allowed waste material to drop through the drain and out of holes drilled in the stainless-steel. The chamber was equipped with a food box and a water-bottle holder, and was covered with a pyramid top [removed in the accompanying photograph], designed to discourage incarcerated subjects from hanging from the upper part of the chamber. Harlow had already placed newly born monkeys\n\nWan Jifei (; born 1948) is a Chinese politician, and the former Chairman of the China International Trade Promotion Committee and China International Chamber of Commerce. He is the fourth son of Wan Li. Education He is a graduate of Beijing University's Politics and Administration Management Department. He holds a master's degree in law and is a senior economist for the People's Republic of China. Career Wan Jifei began his career as deputy party secretary of Shunyi County. Later, he was transferred to the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. He returned to Beijing in 1995 to serve as deputy chief of the Special Economic Zone Office of the State Council. He was named deputy chairman of the China International Trade Promotion Committee in 2000. References 1948 births Living people 21st-century Chinese economists People's Republic of China politicians from Shandong Political office-holders in Ningxia Chinese Communist Party politicians from Shandong Politicians from\n\nQuestion: What is Pit of despair", "output": "The pit of despair was a name used by American comparative psychologist Harry Harlow for a device he designed, technically called a vertical chamber apparatus, that he used in experiments on rhesus macaque monkeys at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison in the 1970s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Paul Coletti (born 1959 in Edinburgh) is a Scottish viola soloist and chamber musician. He has performed throughout the world, making solo appearances at the Sydney Opera House, Queen Elizabeth Hall (London), and Teatro Col\u00f3n (Buenos Aires, Argentina). He has performed B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k's Viola Concerto with Yehudi Menuhin conducting and has recorded Robert Schumann's M\u00e4rchenbilder and Rebecca Clarke's Sonata for Viola, to some acclaim. Biography Coletti was born in 1959 in Edinburgh, Scotland, to Italian parents. He began playing viola from the age of eight, while at St Mary's York Lane Primary School, and studied at the Royal Scottish Academy, the International Menuhin Music Academy, and the Juilliard School. He lives in Los Angeles with his wife, violist Gina Warnick, and their two daughters, and teaches viola and chamber music at the Colburn Conservatory. References Italian British musicians Juilliard School alumni Lionel Tertis International Viola Competition prize-winners Living people Scottish\n\nThe Muscle Shoals Bill was designed to build a dam in the Tennessee River and sell government-produced electricity. Congress passed bills to harness energy from the Tennessee River, but presidents Coolidge and Hoover insisted that private enterprise should do the job, and vetoed the bills. The chief sponsor, Senator George Norris of Nebraska, had blocked a proposal from Henry Ford to develop the dam site. Hoover's veto message stated: I am firmly opposed to the Government entering into any business the major purpose of which is competition with our citizens. There are national emergencies which require that the Government should temporarily enter the field of business, but they must be emergency actions and in matters where the cost of the project is secondary to much higher considerations. There are many localities where the Federal Government is justified in the construction of great dams and reservoirs, where navigation, flood control, reclamation,\n\nDenversaurus (meaning \"Denver lizard\") is a genus of panoplosaurin nodosaurid dinosaur from the late Maastrichtian of Late Cretaceous Western North America. Although at one point treated as a junior synonym of Edmontonia by some taxonomists, current research indicates that it is its own distinct nodosaurid genus. Discovery and naming In 1922, Philip Reinheimer, a collector and technician employed by the Colorado Museum of Natural History, the predecessor of the present Denver Museum of Nature and Science, near the Twito Ranch in Corson County, South Dakota discovered the fossil of an ankylosaurian in a Maastrichtian age terrestrial horizon of the Lance Formation. In 1943, Barnum Brown referred the find to Edmontonia longiceps. In 1988, Robert Thomas Bakker decided to split the genus Edmontonia. The species Edmontonia rugosidens was made into a separate genus named Chassternbergia and the Denver fossil was named and described as a new genus and species. The type\n\nQuestion: Who was Paul Coletti?", "output": "Paul Coletti is a Scottish viola soloist and chamber musician."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Carson Gulley (June 9, 1897 \u2013 November 2, 1962) was head chef at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison from 1926 to 1954. He is known in part for popularizing a recipe for fudge-bottom pie that is still served on campus today. The refectory where he once served as head chef is now known as Carson Gulley Commons. It was the first university building at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison to be named after an African American. Gulley was also a local pioneer in television and radio cooking programming. From 1953 to 1962, Gulley had his own weekly cooking show, called \"What's Cooking\", on local television station WMTV. Also, in 1953, he hosted a twice-weekly local radio cooking program, called \"WIBA Cooking School of the Air\", and each month compiled the program's recipes in booklets that listeners could request by mail. He and his wife Beatrice were the first African American couple to\n\nGu\u00f0mundur Kamban (8 June 1888 \u2013 5 May 1945) was an Icelandic playwright and novelist. Biography He was born in the farm of Litlib\u00e6r in Gar\u00f0as\u00f3kn, Iceland, son of a merchant of an old and well-known Icelandic family. He graduated from the College of Reykjav\u00edk, where he received honoris causa in literature and language. While still at college, he was made assistant editor of the best known newspaper in Iceland, edited by Bj\u00f6rn J\u00f3nsson. In 1906 his psychic abilities were also investigated by the Experimental Society founded by Einar Hj\u00f6rleifsson Kvaran: as a clairvoyant, he succeeded in divining the contents of closed books, and as an automatic writer he penned works supposedly by Hans Christian Andersen, J\u00f3nas Hallgr\u00edmsson, and Snorri Sturluson. But he lost his mediumistic abilities after a serious illness. In 1908 he adopted the family name Kamban in place of his birth name (Gu\u00f0mundur J\u00f3nsson) and advocated a\n\nPhase Linear was an audio equipment manufacturer founded by Bob Carver and Steve Johnston in 1970. While primarily known as a power amplifier company it also produced several innovative preamplifiers, tuners and the Andromeda loudspeaker. History Its first location was 19555 23rd Ave. N.W. Seattle, Washington. Its second location was a small building at 405 Howell Way in Edmonds, Washington. The first amplifier produced was the Phase Linear 700. With 350 watts per channel it soon became the standard amplifier used by recording studios, sound reinforcement companies, professional musicians and audiophiles. It had a retail price of $749.00, or a little more than a dollar a watt. The design was notable for its brushed aluminum front panel and large dual VU meters, and was made possible by the new high-power transistors designed for the high voltages of auto electronic ignitions. That original amp was replaced by the 700B and the\n\nQuestion: Who is Gu\u00f0mundur Kamban", "output": "Gu\u00f0mundur Kamban was an Icelandic playwright and novelist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Prince Bhekimpi Alpheus Dlamini (26 November 1924 \u2013 1 November 1999) was Prime Minister of Swaziland from 25 March 1983 to 6 October 1986. Dlamini was a Swazi politician known to be pro-South African and traditionalist. He was elected as Prime Minister in place of Prince Mabandla Dlamini after there were conflicts between Mabandla and other members of congress led by Mfanasibili Dlamini during the regency of Queen Dzeliwe. Dzeliwe was against this change and this led to her dismissal from the post of regent by Queen Ntombi. Bhekimpi started persecution of those who had fled the South African apartheid regime. After student protests, he also closed the University of Swaziland; all of these provoked the resurgence of the Movement for Swazi Liberation, then led by Prince Clement Dusima Dlamini. He was dismissed by King Mswati III of Swaziland, after holding power for only three years. 1924 births 1999 deaths\n\nAir Wave is the name of three superheroes appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The first two were active in the Golden Age of Comic Books (albeit the second Air Wave had only one appearance). The third appears in comics in the 21st century. Publication history The original Air Wave (Larry Jordan) debuted during the period fans and historians call the Golden Age of Comic Books. His first appearance was in Detective Comics #60 (December 1942) by artist Harris Levey, who signed his work under the pen name \"Lee Harris\", and a writer tentatively identified as either Mort Weisinger or Murray Boltinoff. Harris Levey (aka Lee Harris) drew the character's seven- to eight-page adventures from Detective Comics #60 (February 1942) to at least #74 (April 1943), and then following World War II in Detective Comics #114-137 (August 1946 - July 1948). In September 1942, Levey (aka Lee\n\nThe Monument to the Tsar Liberator (, Pametnik na Tsar Osvoboditel) is an equestrian monument in the centre of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. It was erected in honour of Russian Emperor Alexander II who liberated Bulgaria from Ottoman rule during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. The Neoclassical memorial's author is Italian sculptor Arnoldo Zocchi, who won the project in competition with 31 other artists from 12 countries (and with a total of 90 artists from 15 countries being interested) in the end of the 19th century. Bulgarian architect Nikola Lazarov participated in the monument's architectural design. The foundation stone was laid on 23 April 1901, St George's Day, in the presence of Knyaz Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, and the monument was completed on 15 September 1903. Ferdinand also attended the monument's inauguration on 30 August 1907 together with his sons Boris and Kiril, Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia,\n\nQuestion: Define Air Wave.", "output": "Air Wave is the name of three superheroes appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Gabilondo Pujol (born 19 October 1942, in San Sebasti\u00e1n) better known as I\u00f1aki Gabilondo is a Spanish journalist, and TV news anchor. Gabilondo started his career at 21 (1963) in Radio Popular (COPE) until 1969, when he became the director of Radio San Sebasti\u00e1n (Cadena SER). Two years later, he directed the news department of Cadena SER Sevilla. In 1978 he directed and hosted Hora 25 (Cadena SER), until he became the TV news director of Televisi\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola, the Spanish public TV channel network. His first night in front of the cameras was during Antonio Tejero's coup d'etat, on 23 February 1981. After he left Televisi\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola, he directed Radio Televisi\u00f3n 16 for a short time, before coming back to Cadena SER, where he hosted Aqu\u00ed la SER, Matinal SER, Pido la palabra and Onda Media. On 22 September 1986, he started hosting Hoy por hoy, the main\n\nFrank Wilson Pritt III (1940-2015) was a salesperson and product manager for Harris Corporation in the 1970s, then founder of Attachmate Corporation in 1982. Attachmate went on to become Washington's largest privately held software firm. He was listed on Forbes' list of 400 richest Americans in October 1995. He announced his retirement from Attachmate, where he had held the office of president, in 2005. Frank Pritt and Julia Pritt were Seattle software entrepreneurs, and co-founded Attachmate in their living room in 1982. They were married for 28 years, divorcing in 1990. On May 17, 2006 Frank listed his estate in Orange County for sale with a price of $75 million. The estate, located in Corona del Mar, CA, is named the Portabello Estate. The estate finally sold towards the end of 2010 for $34.1 million plus the buyer also gave the seller a property valued at around $7 million. He\n\nNathan ben Jehiel of Rome (, 1035 \u2013 1106) was a Jewish Italian lexicographer. He authored the Arukh, a notable dictionary of Talmudic and Midrashic words, and consequently he himself is often referred to as \"the Arukh\". Biography He was born in Rome not later than 1035 to one of the most notable Roman families of Jewish scholars. Owing to an error propagated by Azulai, he has been regarded as a scion of the house of De Pomis. However, according to present scholarship, it is almost a certainty that he belonged to the Anaw (, ) family. Nathan's father, Jehiel ben Abraham, aside from being an acknowledged authority on the ritual law, was, like the majority of the contemporary Italian rabbis, a liturgic poet. The details of Nathan's sad life must be excerpted and pieced together from several autobiographic verses appended to the first edition of his lexicon. It appears\n\nQuestion: Tell me about I\u00f1aki Gabilondo.", "output": "Jos\u00e9 Ignacio Gabilondo Pujol better known as I\u00f1aki Gabilondo is a Spanish journalist, and TV news anchor."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Roger IV (died 24 February 1265), son and successor of Roger-Bernard II the Great, was the eighth count of Foix from 1241 to his death. His mother was Ermessenda de Castellb\u00f2. His reign began with the south again at war with the north in France and, though he was reluctant to join his father's old ally, Raymond VII of Toulouse, in revolt and he did not aid the king of England, Henry III, in his Saintonge War. Roger IV was a vassal of both the count of Toulouse (for his county of Foix) and the king of France (for his Carcassonne lands), then Louis IX. His loyalty to the king, however, took precedence and war broke out with Raymond VII (October 1242). Although Raymond was forced to submit to the king on 30 November, the war with Roger continued until January 1243, when the king ended it. The count of\n\nRange Creek, rising in the Book Cliffs in Emery County, Utah, is a high tributary of the Green River, a major tributary of the Colorado River. The creek flows year around. It has been nominated for classification as a National Wild and Scenic River. One 4,200-acre area near the Creek, 44 miles southeast of Price, Utah, contains the prehistoric hamlets of the Fremont culture, people who lived in the area between A.D. 200 and 1300. Prehistory The Range Creek canyon was first publicized in 2020 as an area with pristine archaeological remains and rock art of the Fremont culture, a precontact Great Basin archaeological culture that was contemporaneous to the Ancestral Pueblo culture located to the south. Discovery of ruins and artifacts A cattle rancher owned the 4,200 acres of land along the Creek by the name of Waldo Wilcox. He recognized the value of the prehistoric remains and protected\n\nMidwestern Baptist College, is an independent Baptist college in Orion, Michigan. History In 1953, the school was founded in Pontiac, Michigan by Tom Malone Sr. as a liberal arts college, which included a Baptist seminary on more than . It specializes in Christian theological doctrine. Malone wanted to offer a faith-based education including both academics and morals. The college also stressed being a moral compass, to \"abstain from all appearances of evil\", and fulfilling the Great Commission. For the fall semester of 2010, Midwestern planned to move from Pontiac, Michigan to the property of Shalom Baptist Church in Orion Township, Michigan. Education Midwestern Baptist College is not accredited by any accreditation body recognized by its country. According to the US Department of Education, unaccredited degrees and credits might not be acceptable to employers or other institutions, and use of degree titles may be restricted or illegal in some jurisdictions. Some\n\nQuestion: What's Midwestern Baptist College?", "output": "Midwestern Baptist College,  is an independent Baptist college in Orion, Michigan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Gainesville Knights are a second year franchise in the World Basketball Association. They play at Gainesville High School's gymnasium. 2005 The Knights could be considered an extension of the Raleigh Knights, who played in the WBA in the 2004 season. When the Knights opted not to return for the 2005 season, the league scrambled for a replacement franchise, this franchise was awarded to Gainesville, and is co-owned by Curtis Richardson and Arthur Crawford. The team announced that they would be coached by Jim Price. The Knights underwent two coaching changes after a hot start. Price was replaced by co-owned Richardson, and Ricky Benitez, former Southern Crescent Lightning coach was hired to replace him. The team finished 8\u201316, and missed out on a playoff berth. 2006 The Knights announced in December 2005 that they would be returning for a second season, with Benitez returning as head coach. However, as of\n\nDolyna (; ; ) is a city in Kalush Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, south-western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Dolyna urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: In 2001, population was around 20,900. History The city's history reaches the 10th century, making it one of oldest in the region. By the 14th century Dolyna became renowned for its salt mine. In 1349 the city came under the rule of the Kingdom of Poland, where it remained until 1772 (see Partitions of Poland). In 1525 Dolyna, or Dolina, as it is called in Polish, was granted city rights under the Magdeburg law and the right to trade salt similar to that of Kolomyia. In 1740 in the city there was a riot of opryshky (Ukrainian rebels). In 1772 the city fell to Austrians and in 1791 it lost its status. During the second half of the 19th century a\n\nBarbara Crampton (born December 27, 1958) is an American actress and producer. She began her career in the 1980s in television soap operas before starring in horror and thriller films\u2014both paths would define her continued accolade-winning career. Crampton made her television debut on the daytime drama Days of Our Lives (1983\u201384) before a supporting role as Leanna Love on the soap opera The Young and the Restless (1987\u201393, 1998\u20132002, 2006\u201307 & 2023). Later in her career, she would appear in television horror anthologies such as Syfy's Channel Zero: The Dream Door (2018), Hulu's Into the Dark (2019), and Shudder's Creepshow (2021). She made her film debut in Body Double (1984), but received recognition in the comedy horror film Re-Animator (1985) as Megan Halsey and the science fiction film From Beyond (1986) as Dr. Katherine McMichaels. Later defining roles are Chopping Mall (1986), Puppet Master (1989), Castle Freak (1995), You're Next\n\nQuestion: Who is Barbara Crampton?", "output": "Barbara Crampton is an American actress and producer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "La S\u00e9paration () is a 1994 French romantic drama film directed by Christian Vincent and based on the novel La S\u00e9paration by Dan Franck. Plot When a Parisian couple, Pierre and Anne, go to see a film, it bothers Pierre that Anne rejects his hand during the screening. Afterwards Anne tells Pierre that she 'thinks she has fallen in love with someone else'. Pierre hears the news without responding. Both seem determined to remain composed and deal with Anne's love interest and Pierre's hurt pride rationally. Pierre discusses the situation with mutual friends but their reassurances are little comfort. Anne's new relationship make Pierre stressed. An added complication of their 18-month-old son. Despite the presence of a nanny, each find reason to claim the other is neglecting him. Paranoia and recrimination escalate. Fights break out, most bitterly after Pierre discovers that Anne has taken their son to her mother's house.\n\nArthur Hilary Armstrong, (13 August 1909 \u2013 16 October 1997) was an English educator and author. Armstrong is recognized as one of the foremost authorities on the philosophical teachings of Plotinus (ca. 205\u2013270 CE). His multi-volume translation of the philosopher's teachings is regarded as an essential tool of classical studies. Life Hilary Armstrong was born in Hove, England. He was the son of W. A. (clergyman) and E. Cripps Armstrong. He married Deborah Wilson in 1933. They had two sons and three daughters. He received a B.A. from Jesus College, Cambridge in 1932 and his M.A. in 1935. He was made a fellow of the British Academy in 1970 and a fellow in the American Catholic Philosophical Association. Academia Armstrong began his teaching career in 1936 at University College, Swansea, Wales. His tenure at the university lasted until 1939. He then began teaching at the Royal University of Malta in\n\nSolarWorld is a German company dedicated to the manufacture and marketing photovoltaic products worldwide by integrating all components of the solar value chain, from feedstock (polysilicon) to module production, from trade with solar panels to the promotion and construction of turn-key solar power systems. The group controls the development of solar power technologies at all levels in-house. SolarWorld AG is listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, the Photovoltaik Global 30 Index and the \u00d6koDAX. In May 2017, wholly owned subsidiary SolarWorld Americas, based in Oregon, US, joined fellow American solar panel manufacturer Suniva in its Section 201 trade action to request relief from what it claimed are unfair practices from solar panel importers to the United States. The requested remedy was a tariff on imported solar panels. FirstSolar, the largest US solar panel manufacturer, joined the action on October 10, 2017, while the Solar Energy Industry Association (the major American\n\nQuestion: Define SolarWorld.", "output": "SolarWorld is a German company dedicated to the manufacture and marketing photovoltaic products worldwide by integrating all components of the solar value chain, from feedstock to module production, from trade with solar panels to the promotion and construction of turn-key solar power systems."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Battle of Agincourt ( ; ) was an English victory in the Hundred Years' War. It took place on 25 October 1415 (Saint Crispin's Day) near Azincourt, in northern France. The unexpected English victory against the numerically superior French army boosted English morale and prestige, crippled France, and started a new period of English dominance in the war that would last for 14 years until England was defeated by France in the Siege of Orl\u00e9ans in 1429. After several decades of relative peace, the English had resumed the war in 1415 amid the failure of negotiations with the French. In the ensuing campaign, many soldiers died from disease, and the English numbers dwindled; they tried to withdraw to English-held Calais but found their path blocked by a considerably larger French army. Despite the numerical disadvantage, the battle ended in an overwhelming victory for the English. King Henry V of\n\nThe Juan de Fuca Marine Trail is a rugged wilderness hiking trail located within Juan de Fuca Provincial Park along the southwestern coast of Vancouver Island. The trail stretches from China Beach, 35 km west of Sooke, to Botanical Beach, just outside Port Renfrew. Panoramic views of the coastline, Juan de Fuca Strait and the Olympic Mountains can be seen from many points along this rainforest trail. Lucky are those who spot a pod of whales, but it is not uncommon to view sea lions, bald eagles, herons and other wildlife. It is a stunning trail of moderate difficulty. The trail can be hiked in part, as a day hike, or backpacked in its entirety in four to six days. Unlike the longer West Coast Trail (), the Juan de Fuca Trail does not require a reservation; however, there is a backcountry camping fee of $10 per person/per night. It\n\nNorthwest Fiber, LLC, doing business as Ziply Fiber, is an American telecommunications company based in Kirkland, Washington. Ziply is a subsidiary of WaveDivision Capital, a private investment company, which is also Kirkland-based. The company started operations on May 1, 2020 when it completed its acquisition of Frontier Communications Northwest operations and assets for $1.4 billion; Frontier sold its Northwest operations after filing for bankruptcy protection in April 2020. Ziply Fiber's footprint covers the Pacific Northwest region, specifically the states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho and Montana. Its key offerings include fiber internet and phone for residential customers, Business Fiber Internet, and Ziply Voice services for small businesses; and a variety of internet, networking and voice solutions for enterprise customers. The company will also continue to support DSL and grandfathered TV customers. Ziply has stated that it plans on investing $500 million to improve its network and service throughout its footprint. This\n\nQuestion: Define Battle of Agincourt.", "output": "The Battle of Agincourt was an  English victory in the Hundred Years' War."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Osijek Airport (; ), commonly referred to as Klisa is the international airport of Osijek, Croatia. It is located 20 km east southeast of Osijek and is situated near the D2 state road, southwest of the village of Klisa. Facilities The terminal building, with an area of 1300 m2, provides flow from 200 to 400 passengers per hour, i.e., 100,000 to 150,000 passengers per year. As an additional passenger service, there is the possibility for contracting individual charter flights. The passenger terminal is equipped to handle domestic and international traffic; it features passport and custom controls, passenger and baggage check-in, exchange, information, a caf\u00e9-bar and restaurant as well as rent a car, taxi and car parking services. Cargo traffic Osijek Airport is primarily constructed for cargo traffic, due to Croatia's favorable geographic and transport position. One of the examples is that the airport's apron can handle large freighter aircraft such\n\nAliki, Lady Russell (; born Aliki Diplarakou; 28 August 1912 \u2013 30 October 2002) was the first Maniot Greek contestant to win the Miss Europe title. She previously won the \"Miss Hellas\" () title at the Miss Star Hellas pageant. Her name has been spelled in various ways, from Alice Diplarakou to Aliki Diplearakos and Aliki Diplarakos. Family She was a daughter of lawyer Georgios Diplarakos and his wife, the former Elena Nikolessi or Nicolessis. She had three sisters: Nada Diplarakos (1911\u20131966), who married the French diplomat Andr\u00e9 Rodocanachi (who remarried the Dowager Duchess of Rohan, mother of the French Senator Josselin de Rohan) Cristina Diplarakos (1918\u20131999), who married Henri Claudel, Consul General of France in New York City and son of the French poet and diplomat Paul Claudel Although the Diplarakou family lived in Athens, they originally were Maniots from Krini in the Peloponnese. The original family name was\n\nThe blue petrel (Halobaena caerulea) is a small seabird in the shearwater and petrel family, Procellariidae. This small petrel is the only member of the genus Halobaena, but is closely allied to the prions. It is distributed across the Southern Ocean but breeds at a few island sites, all close to the Antarctic Convergence zone. Taxonomy The blue petrel was first described in 1777 by the German naturalist Georg Forster in his book A Voyage Round the World. He had accompanied James Cook on Cook's second voyage to the Pacific. Forster did not give the blue petrel a binomial name, but when the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin updated Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae in 1789 he included a brief description of the bird, coined the binomial name Procellaria caerulea and cited Forster's book. The blue petrel is now the only species placed in the genus Halobaena that was introduced for\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Aliki Diplarakou.", "output": "Aliki, Lady Russell was the first Maniot Greek contestant to win the Miss Europe title."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Matthias Groote (born 21 October 1973) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. From 2005 until 2016, he served as Member of the European Parliament and was a part of the Socialist Group in the European Parliament. Early life and education Groote was born in Leer and went to secondary school in Westrhauderfehn, taking the leaving exam in 1990. He was trained as an industrial engineer at Deutsche Bahn between 1991 and 1995, where he worked on plant design. In 1995 and 1996 he completed an alternate public service with the German Red Cross. Groote trained to become a technical engineer in 1999, became a qualified industrial engineer in 2005, and also became a sales engineer in 2005. Political career Role in local politics Groote has been a member of the Ostrhauderfehn local council since 1996, a member of the Leer district council since 2001, and\n\nRoad signs in Malaysia are standardised road signs similar to those used in Europe but with certain distinctions. Until the early 1980s, Malaysia closely practice in road sign design, with diamond-shaped warning signs and circular restrictive signs to regulate traffic. Signs usually use the Transport Heavy (cf. the second image shown to the right) font on non-tolled roads and highways. Tolled expressways signs use a font specially designed for the Malaysian Highway Authority (LLM) which is LLM Lettering. It has two type of typefaces, LLM Narrow and LLM Normal. Older road signs used the FHWA Series fonts (Highway Gothic) typeface also used in the United States, Canada, and Australia. Malaysian traffic signs use Bahasa Malaysia (Malay), the official and national language of Malaysia. However, English is also used for used at public places such as tourist attractions, airports, railway stations and immigration checkpoints. Both Malay and English are used in\n\nHong Kong Mathematical High Achievers Selection Contest (HKMHASC, Traditional Chinese: \u9999\u6e2f\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6578\u5b78\u7cbe\u82f1\u9078\u62d4\u8cfd) is a yearly mathematics competition for students of or below Secondary 3 in Hong Kong. It is jointly organized by Po Leung Kuk and Hong Kong Association of Science and Mathematics Education since the academic year 1998-1999. Recently, there are more than 250 secondary schools participating. Format and Scoring Each participating school may send at most 5 students into the contest. There is one paper, divided into Part A and Part B, with two hours given. Part A is usually made up of 14 - 18 easier questions, carrying one mark each. In Part A, only answers are required. Part B is usually made up of 2 - 4 problems with different difficulties, and may carry different number of marks, varying from 4 to 8. In Part B, workings are required and marked. No calculators or calculation assisting equipments\n\nQuestion: Who was Matthias Groote?", "output": "Matthias Groote is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Cahuapanan languages are a language family spoken in the Amazon basin of northern Peru. They include two languages, Chayahuita and Jebero, which are spoken by more than 11,300 people. Chayahuita is spoken by most of that number, but Jebero is almost extinct. Language contact Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Kechua, Arawak, Kandoshi, Pukina, and Karib language families due to contact. Varieties Chayahuita or Chawi (also known or rendered as Balsapuertino, Cahuapa, Chayabita, Chayawita, Chayhuita, Tshaahui, Paranapura, Shayabit) Chayahuita dialect Cahuapana dialect Jebero (also known or rendered as Chebero, Xebero, Xihuila) Glottolog classifies the extinct language Maynas as close to Chawi. Other Cahuapanan varieties that are listed by Loukotka (1968): Yamorai - spoken on the Sillai River in Loreto Department Ataguate - extinct language of the same region, once spoken on the Aipena River and around Lake Atagua (unattested) Pamdabegue - once spoken on the\n\nShahriar Hossain () is a Bangladeshi cricketer who played in three Test matches from 2000 to 2004. He was also one of the members of the 1999 World Cup Team. In Test matches He failed in the match against India, scoring just 12 and 7. In his next match, four years later, he scored his highest, 48, against Zimbabwe at Harare. Nevertheless, he was dropped after the tour. In ODIs He had a very successful 1999. At Dhaka, in March, he scored 95 against Kenya, narrowly missing out on his chance to become the first Bangladeshi to score a hundred in ODI. later, he scored 68 against more powerful Zimbabwe. In this match, he shared a 170 run first wicket partnership with Mehrab Hossain. In the WC, his 39 against Pakistan at Northampton helped Bangladesh achieve a famous win. He finished the year with knocks of 45 & 47 against\n\nBengalis (singular Bengali ), also rendered as Bangalee or the Bengali people, are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the Bengal region of South Asia. The current population is divided between the independent country Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura, Barak Valley, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Jharkhand and part of Meghalaya and Manipur. Most of them speak Bengali, a language from the Indo-Aryan language family. Bengalis are the third-largest ethnic group in the world, after the Han Chinese and Arabs. Thus, they are the largest ethnic group within the Indo-Europeans and the largest ethnic group in South Asia. Apart from Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura, Manipur, and Assam's Barak Valley, Bengali-majority populations also reside in India's union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, with significant populations in the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh, Delhi, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Mizoram,\n\nQuestion: Define Shahriar Hossain.", "output": "Shahriar Hossain is a Bangladeshi cricketer who played in three Test matches from 2000 to 2004."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tech Data Corporation (commonly referred to as Tech Data) was an American multinational distribution company specializing in IT products and services headquartered in Clearwater, Florida. It merged with competitor Synnex to form TD Synnex. Synnex is to be the primary owner (55% share). Tech Data provided a broad range of product lines, logistics capabilities and value-added services that enable technology manufacturers and resellers, such as Google, Apple, Cisco, Dell, Fortinet, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, HP Inc., IBM, Lenovo, LG, Microsoft, Sony, Trend Micro, Viewsonic, TP-Link and VMware, to deploy IT solutions. Tech Data is now one of the world's largest distributors of IT products and services, generating $37.7 billion in net sales for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2017. The company ranked No. 83 on the 2018 Fortune 500 and one of Fortune's \"World's Most Admired Companies.\" History Founded in Clearwater, FL by Edward C. Raymund in November 1974, Tech\n\nThe Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War was signed at Geneva, July 27, 1929. Its official name is the Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva July 27, 1929. It entered into force 19 June 1931. It is this version of the Geneva Conventions which covered the treatment of prisoners of war during World War II. It is the predecessor of the Third Geneva Convention signed in 1949. On their web site, the International Committee of the Red Cross states that: General provisions Article 1 makes explicit reference to Articles 1, 2, and 3 of Hague Convention respecting the laws and customs of war on land (Hague IV), of October 18, 1907, to define who are lawful combatants and so qualify as prisoners of war (POW) on capture. In addition to combatants covered by Hague IV, some civilians are also covered in the section of this Convention\n\nThis is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. Eastern Chester County is defined for this list as being the municipalities south and east of a line extending from Phoenixville to Exton to West Chester. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. There are 320 properties and districts listed on the Register in Chester County, including 7 National Historic Landmarks. Eastern Chester County includes 113 properties and districts, including 4 National Historic Landmarks; the county's remaining properties and districts are listed elsewhere. One district, the Middle Pickering Rural Historic District, is split between Northern and Eastern Chester County,\n\nQuestion: Define National Register of Historic Places listings in eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania.", "output": "This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gaston Berger (; 1 October 1896 \u2013 13 November 1960) was a French futurist but also an industrialist, a philosopher and a state manager. He is mainly known for his remarkably lucid analysis of Edmund Husserl's phenomenology and for his studies on the character structure. Berger was born in Saint-Louis, Senegal, French West Africa (now Senegal). He received his primary and part of his secondary education in Perpignan, France, and had to take up a position in an industrial firm. After having performed his military duties in World War I, he became an associate of the owner of the firm. Berger decided to continue his studies. He worked with Rene Le Senne and passed his baccalaureat. He then enrolled in the University of Aix-en-Provence, where he studied philosophy under Maurice Blondel. Having passed his licence, he obtained a diploma d\u2019Etudes Superieures with a thesis on the \u2018Relations between the conditions\n\nMitzi Green (born Elizabeth Keno; October 22, 1920 \u2013 May 24, 1969) was an American child actress and singer for Paramount and RKO, in the early \"talkies\" era. She then acted on Broadway and in other stage works, as well as in films and on television. Early years Mitzi Green was born in The Bronx on October 22, 1920. Starting at the age 3, she began appearing in her parents' vaudeville act under the name Little Mitzi. Career Green was often featured in Paramount's early talkies, as an outspoken and mischievous little girl alongside studio stars Clara Bow, Jack Oakie, Ed Wynn, Leon Errol, and Edna May Oliver among others. Green was a gifted mimic and her celebrity imitations were often worked into the films. She was cast (against type) opposite Jackie Coogan in two Mark Twain adaptations, Tom Sawyer (1930) and Huckleberry Finn (1931). Paramount released her in 1931,\n\nThe Rock and Pillar Range of high hills is located in the Maniototo, an area of inland Otago, New Zealand. They are surrounded by the Taieri River, which has its source in the range, flowing out across the scroll plain at Paerau, before almost doubling back on itself at Waipiata and flowing back along the other side through the Strath-Taieri. The town of Middlemarch lies close to the Taieri to the east of the range, and Patearoa lies to the northwest. The Rock and Pillars are a horst range, caused by movement on two parallel faults uplifting the area in between. Thus, the range is characterised by a very flat top, with steep escarpments on either side. The Great Moss Swamp lies on the upper surface of the range. There is a persistent and highly unusual cloud formation associated with the range. This strange cloud formation, found only in one\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Mitzi Green.", "output": "Mitzi Green was an American child actress and singer for Paramount and RKO, in the early \"talkies\" era."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Music Theater Works (formerly Light Opera Works) is a resident professional not-for-profit musical theatre company in Evanston, Illinois. It was founded in 1980 by Philip Kraus, Bridget McDonough, and Ellen Dubinsky. Music Theater Works has presented over 75 productions of operetta and musical theatre at Northwestern University's 1,000-seat Cahn Auditorium. Since 1998, in addition to its three annual productions in this theatre, Music Theater Works also produces a fourth, more intimate show, in the 450 seat Nichols Concert Hall. The company performs all of its productions in English with orchestra. History Kraus was the first Artistic Director of the company, serving from 1981 through 1999. The first production of the company occurred in 1981 with a staging of Gilbert and Sullivan's H.M.S. Pinafore. Under Kraus' leadership, the company's main emphasis in programming centered on American, French and Viennese operetta, and Gilbert and Sullivan's Savoy operas. Lara Teeter succeeded Kraus and\n\nis an \u2013 a municipality belonging to a , a kind of collective municipality \u2013 in the district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a state-recognized tourism community, and it was the seat of the former of . Its situation and amenities make it a lower-order centre. Geography Location lies roughly 15 km south of and 20 km northwest of Trier. The municipality is made up of the three centres () of , , and (\"Papermill\"). The river is met by the (\"Little Dhron\") in the outlying centre of , whereafter it empties into the Moselle at . Over on the other side of the river from , the river also empties into the Moselle. History is one of a series of places that claim the title \"Germany's Oldest Winemaking Centre\". The winemaking village of was founded by the Romans some 2,000 years ago as a waystation on the road from\n\nWSKG-FM, 89.3 MHz FM, is an NPR member station in Binghamton, New York. It has an effective radiated power of 11.5 kW. Due to hilly terrain, the signal is repeated on several other frequencies located throughout South Central New York State. WSKG-FM began broadcast in October 1975. Its operator WSKG Public Telecommunications Council is a cooperative non-profit of the State University of New York Board of Regents and New York State Department of Education. The station's format had long been principally classical music, NPR talk radio programs, and NPR news, with jazz on Friday evenings after All Things Considered and various folk music played on Saturday evenings after A Prairie Home Companion. On February 3, 2019, WSKG shuffled programming so that WSKG-FM took on an all-NPR and BBC talk and news format. WSKG-TV and WSQX-FM are other broadcast stations operated by the WSKG Public Telecommunications Council. Simulcasts WSKG-FM has five\n\nQuestion: Define Music Theater Works.", "output": "Music Theater Works is a resident professional not-for-profit musical theatre company in Evanston, Illinois."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Acton-Boxborough Regional High School (ABRHS) is an open-enrollment high school in Acton, Massachusetts, United States. A part of the Acton-Boxborough Regional School District, it serves the Massachusetts towns of Acton and Boxborough and has students in grades 9 through 12. It is situated downhill from the Raymond J. Grey Junior High School, at 36 Charter Road in Acton. Raymond J. Grey Junior High School occupies the facility that, until 1973, was the high school In 1999 multiple fires were set at ABRHS. The first fire began near the gymnasium but was quickly extinguished. The second fire, a five-alarm blaze in the school auditorium, seriously damaged the auditorium and forced the evacuation of all 1,300 students and canceled school the following day. No students or staff were injured, but one firefighters was hospitalized after suffering from smoke inhalation. ABRHS underwent a $40 million renovation and expansion in 2005. Notable alumni Seth\n\nKen Bruen (born 1951) is an Irish writer of hard-boiled and noir crime fiction. Biography Education and teaching career Born in Galway, he was educated at Gormanston College, County Meath and later at Trinity College Dublin, where he earned a PhD in metaphysics. Bruen spent twenty-five years as an English teacher in Africa, Japan, S.E. Asia and South America. His travels have been hazardous at times, including a stint in a Brazilian jail. Writing career Bruen is part of a literary circle that includes Jason Starr, Reed Farrel Coleman, and Allan Guthrie. His works include the well-received White Trilogy and The Guards. In 2006, Hard Case Crime released Bust, a collaboration between Bruen and New York crime author Jason Starr. Bruen's short story \"Words Are Cheap\" (2006) appears in the first issue of Murdaland. He has also edited an anthology of stories set in Dublin, Dublin Noir. Jack Taylor's informant,\n\nChristian Frei (born 1959 in Sch\u00f6nenwerd, Solothurn) is a Swiss filmmaker and film producer. He is mostly known for his films War Photographer (2001), The Giant Buddhas (2005) and Space Tourists (2009). Frei has been an associate lecturer on Reflection Competence at the renowned University of St. Gallen from 2006 to 2023. From 2006 to 2009 he was president of the \u201cDocumentary Film Commission\u201d for the film section of the Swiss Federal Office of Culture, and from 2010 to 2022 he had held the position of President of the Swiss Film Academy. Career From the very start of his career, Frei established a reputation as an exacting documentarist, with a . He follows his protagonists closely - always in search of authentic moments, and always keeping the whole picture in mind. Peter-Matthias Gaede said that Frei made films that avoided \"noise, pompous gestures, the rush of speed\" and that he\n\nQuestion: Who is Ken Bruen?", "output": "Ken Bruen is an Irish writer of hard-boiled and noir crime fiction."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Futabasaurus is a genus of plesiosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Fukushima, Japan. It was described and named in 2006, and was assigned to the family Elasmosauridae. The genus contains one species, F. suzukii. Description The size of Futabasaurus has been estimated within the range of in length and in body mass. It can be distinguished from other elasmosaurids by the following characteristics: there is a long distance between the eye sockets and nostrils; the interclavicles and clavicles are fused, and the anterior edge is bent; the humerus is relatively long; and the femora are slim and show prominent muscle scars. Discovery and naming Futabasaurus is the first elasmosaurid found in Japan. It was originally known as either \"Wellesisaurus sudzuki\" or \"Futaba-ryu\" before publication. The type specimen of Futabasaurus was found in the Irimazawa Member of the Tamayama Formation, in the Futaba Group of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. The rocks in\n\nThe Apostles' Creed (Latin: Symbolum Apostolorum or Symbolum Apostolicum), sometimes titled the Apostolic Creed or the Symbol of the Apostles, is a Christian creed or \"symbol of faith\". The creed most likely originated in 5th-century Gaul as a development of the Old Roman Symbol: the old Latin creed of the 4th century. It has been used in the Latin liturgical rites since the 8th century and, by extension, in the various modern branches of Western Christianity, including the modern liturgy and catechesis of the Catholic Church, Lutheranism, Anglicanism, Presbyterianism, Moravianism, Methodism, and Congregational churches. It is shorter than the full Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed adopted in 381, but it is still explicitly trinitarian in structure, with sections affirming belief in God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. It does not address some Christological issues defined in the Nicene Creed. It thus says nothing explicitly about the divinity of\n\nJack Staff is a British superhero created by comic book writer/artist Paul Grist. While the title character is billed as \"Britain's Greatest Hero\", the series is known for being in the style of an anthology title and featuring an ensemble cast, largely inspired by extant American and British characters from comics and other mediums. The series was first published in 2000 via Grist's own Dancing Elephant Press, before moving to American publisher Image Comics in 2003. Creation While various sources have stated the series began as a reworked pitch for a series about the Marvel Comics character Union Jack, Grist would later clarify that this was only partially true, having gone no further than an enquiry as to whether Marvel would be interested in a series featuring the character. Having previously worked for Marvel on the 1996 limited series The Daily Bugle, Grist had picked Union Jack off a list\n\nQuestion: What is Apostles' Creed", "output": "The Apostles' Creed, sometimes titled the Apostolic Creed or the Symbol of the Apostles, is a Christian creed or \"symbol of faith\"."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Judith Grace Gonz\u00e1lez Hincks (born September 7, 1962, in Monterrey Nuevo Le\u00f3n, M\u00e9xico) is a Mexican television personality and former Se\u00f1orita M\u00e9xico. She competed in the Miss Universe 1981 pageant. Biography Born on September 7, 1962, in Monterrey, Mexico, she was the first contestant from the state of Nuevo Le\u00f3n to win the Miss Mexico pageant, which then opened the doors for her in local television. She first started off being the host of a TV show from Televisa in Monterrey, M\u00e9xico, \"Estilo\". The show lasted for about 14 years. After that, in Mexico City she was the host of \"Al ritmo de la noche\" along with Jorge Ortiz de Pinedo and some other acting gigs on Mexican telenovelas, like Marisol for Televisa. She then became the director of the state television network \"Canal 28\" and changed the name of the network to \"TV NL\", she was recognized by the\n\nThe Kirenga () is a river in Irkutsk Oblast in Russia. The name originated in an Evenki word. The length of the river is . The area of its basin is . There are many settlements in the river valley. The Baikal Amur Mainline follows and crosses the Kirenga between Magistralny and Ulkan. Course It is a right tributary of the Lena which flows north between the upper Lena and Lake Baikal. The Kirenga begins in the Baikal Mountains west of Lake Baikal, a few dozen kilometres north of the source of the Lena. The Kirenga marks the eastern limit of the Lena-Angara Plateau. The river flows along the Cis-Baikal Depression, limited by the Akitkan Range to the east. Finally it joins the Lena at the town of Kirensk. The Kirenga is fed mainly by rain. It freezes up in late October to early November and stays under the ice\n\nSub-Terrania is a 1994 multidirectional shooter developed by Danish studio Zyrinx and published by Sega for the Mega Drive/Genesis. The game takes place in the future, where a deep-space mining colony has been invaded by an unknown alien race. The player assumes the role of a lone pilot who must defeat the alien forces and rescue the trapped miners. During the course of the game, the player controls a rotatable craft with thrusters that is constantly subject to gravity and the craft's inertia. Using the ship's \"rotate-and-thrust\" capabilities, the players must aim, shoot, dodge and carefully maneuver their way through the hazardous landscape while constantly taking gravity and refueling needs into account. It was the first game developed by Zyrinx, a small studio formed by people who had been active in the demoscene during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Upon its release, Sub-Terrania gained a reputation as an \"overly\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Kirenga is.", "output": "The Kirenga is a river in Irkutsk Oblast in Russia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Simon Crane (born 1960) is a British stuntman, stunt coordinator, second unit director and film director. Biography Born in Twickenham, Middlesex, England. Crane was originally a law student, but not liking it, he dropped out after one year and worked as an acrobat in a circus for three years. To fulfill English requirements for stuntmen to achieve instructor level in six sports, Crane became an instructor in gymnastics, parachuting, scuba diving, high diving, karate, and fencing. When he could not obtain a union card as a stuntman fast enough, he became an instructor in three more sports, including hang gliding. His father, Dr. John Crane, was the doctor for Arsenal F.C and the England national football team. Career Crane's first major work came in the 1985 Bond film A View to a Kill. In 1987 he became Timothy Dalton's stunt double in The Living Daylights. He also played the character\n\nStewardess School is a 1986 American comedy film directed by Ken Blancato and starring Brett Cullen and Don Most. It is also known for being one of voice veteran Rob Paulsen's very few onscreen roles, and up until the early 2000s, one of the most played films on the American cable channel Comedy Central. Plot Pilots Philo and George are about to land a plane, only for Philo to accidentally knock out his contact lenses, causing the plane to malfunction and crash into a skyscraper. The destruction is then revealed to be a simulator and the duo was taking an exam in pilot school, causing the two to be attrited for unsatisfactory performance. Unemployed and out of options, they enroll in Weidermeyer Academy, one of the top stewardess schools in the country. George and Philo get put in a group full of misfits, including a lady wrestler whose fianc\u00e9 got\n\nPhilip Lewis Clarke (September 8, 1938 \u2013 April 23, 2013) was an American voice actor. He provided voices in several TV series, films, and video games, including his leading role as Malcolm Betruger in Doom 3. Roles Oliver Twist - Additional Voices Devlin - Additional Voices Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo Cataclysm - Additional Voices The Man Who Saw Tomorrow - Nostradamus The Smurfs - Additional Voices Spider-Man - Sidewinder/Wild Willie Wilson Meatballs and Spaghetti - Additional Voices The New Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo Show - Additional Voices The Dukes - Additional Voices Challenge of the GoBots - Dr. Go, Tork Pole Position - Additional Voices CBS Storybreak - Additional Voices Starchaser: The Legend of Orin - Additional Voices GoBots: Battle of the Rock Lords - Herr Fiend, Crackpot, Tork The Transformers - Dead End, Tantrum, Auggie Cahnay, Abdul Fakkadi, Victor Drath, Marty Minkler, Ozu's sensei, Zeta Prime G.I. Joe - Matthew Burke\n\nQuestion: Define Philip L. Clarke.", "output": "Philip Lewis Clarke was an American voice actor."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A horror host is a person who acts as the host or presenter of a program where horror films and low-budget B movies are shown on television or the Internet. Usually the host assumes a horror-themed persona, often a campy or humorous one. Generally there are breaks in the film where the host comments on various aspects of the movie. Many horror host shows also include skits involving the hosts themselves, sometimes with a sidekick or other supporting characters. History Early hosts The first (proto) television horror host was Vampira (Maila Nurmi). The Vampira Show featured mostly low budget suspense films, as few horror films had yet been released for television broadcast. It ran from 1954-1955 only in the Los Angeles market, but Nurmi's persona (based on cartoonist Charles Addams's \"Morticia\" character) would gain fame in magazines, TV, and film. In 1957, John Zacherle of Philadelphia's WCAU (and later in\n\nLady Godiva Rides Again is a 1951 British comedy film starring Pauline Stroud, George Cole and Bernadette O'Farrell, with British stars in supporting roles or making cameo appearances. It concerns a small-town English girl who wins a local beauty contest by appearing as Lady Godiva, then decides to pursue a higher profile in a national beauty pageant and as an actress. The film was released in the United States under its original title in 1953 by Carroll Pictures, then was re-released in the United States as Bikini Baby, to capitalize on the profile of supporting player Diana Dors, who was given star billing with the new title. It also features Joan Collins in her film debut as an uncredited beauty contestant. Ruth Ellis, the last woman to be executed in England, also appears as an uncredited beauty queen. Ruth, who was four months pregnant at the time, had dyed her\n\nDan Dare: Pilot of the Future is a 1986 video game by Virgin Games for the ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC and Commodore 64 home computer systems. It is based on the classic British comic strip Dan Dare. The Commodore 64 version was considerably different in gameplay to the ZX Spectrum and Amstrad CPC versions. Plot The Mekon reveals his typically dastardly plan: Earth must submit to his terms or he will propel a hollowed-out asteroid the size of a small planet into Earth. Dan and his sidekick Digby fly to the asteroid in Dan's spaceship, the Anastasia. Arriving at the asteroid they find small buildings and structures and realise it must be inhabited. Digby remains on the ship whilst Dan is lowered down to the asteroid's surface. Once again, Earth is relying on him to defeat the Mekon. Versions Spectrum and Amstrad CPC Dan is armed with only a laser\n\nQuestion: What is Horror host", "output": "A horror host is a person who acts as the host or presenter of a program where horror films and low-budget B movies are shown on television or the Internet."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Franz Ackermann (born 1963 in Neumarkt-Sankt Veit, Bavaria) is a German painter and installation artist based in Berlin. He makes cartoonish abstraction. Life He attended the Akademie der Bildenden Kunste in Munich from 1984 to 1988 and the Hochschule f\u00fcr bildende K\u00fcnste Hamburg from 1989 to 1991. He has shown work internationally in many exhibitions including the 2003 Venice Biennale, \"Drawing Now: 8 Propositions\" at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, \"Hybrids\" at Tate Liverpool, \"Global Navigation System\" at Pace le aloghy de Tokyo in Paris and \"Seasons in the Sun\" at the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam. He is represented by neugerriemschneider in Berlin, Gavin Brown's Enterprise in New York, Meyer Riegger gallery in Karlsruhe, Galeria Fortes Vilaca in Sao Paulo and Gio Marconi in Milan. His works are held in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art, in New York. See also List of German\n\nKirkel is a municipality in the Saarpfalz district in Saarland, Germany. It is situated approximatively 8 km southeast of Neunkirchen, and 20 km east/northeast of Saarbr\u00fccken. Overview A rather well-preserved castle ruin is located a few hundred metres from the town centre. The small Kirkel castle was built in 1075 and is the town's landmark. Located on top of a small castle hill, and due to its large tower with 169 steps to the top, it can be seen from a great distance. Kirkel has the densest forest range in whole Saarland region. It attracts many visitors due to its nice picturesque valleys and greenery over the hills. Kirkel celebrates festivals more than any other place in the area. The most famous sight was the \"Wurstmarkt\" around August, which lasted for five days with a proper beer festival. As of 2014, no more Wurstmarkts are being held in Kirkel. Attractions\n\nAntoine Thomson d'Abbadie d'Arrast (3 January 1810 \u2013 19 March 1897) was an Irish-born French explorer, geographer, ethnologist, linguist and astronomer notable for his travels in Ethiopia during the first half of the 19th century. He was the older brother of Arnaud-Michel d'Abbadie, with whom he travelled. Biography d'Abbadie was born a British subject, in Dublin, Ireland, from a partially Basque noble family of the French province of Soule. His father, Michel Abbadie, was born in Arrast-Larrebieu and his mother was Irish. His grandfather Jean-Pierre was a lay abbot and a notary in Soule. The family moved to France in 1818 where the brothers received a careful scientific education. In 1827, Antoine received a bachelor's degree in Toulouse. Starting in 1829, he began his education in Paris, where he studied law. He married Virginie Vincent de Saint-Bonnet on 21 February 1859, and settled in Hendaye where he purchased 250ha to\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Kirkel is.", "output": "Kirkel is a municipality in the Saarpfalz district in Saarland, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Richard Warren Pousette-Dart (June 8, 1916 \u2013 October 25, 1992) was an American abstract expressionist artist most recognized as a founder of the New York School of painting. His artistic output also includes drawing, sculpture, and fine-art photography. Early life Richard Pousette-Dart was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota and moved to Valhalla, New York in 1918. His mother, Flora Louise Pousette-Dart (n\u00e9e Dart), was a poet and musician; his father, Nathaniel J. Pousette-Dart (n\u00e9 Pousette), was a painter, art director, educator and writer about art. His parents had combined their last names to form Pousette-Dart upon marrying. Pousette-Dart began painting and drawing by the age of eight, and in 1928 was featured in a New York Times photograph showing Richard and his father sketching each other's portraits. He attended the Scarborough School and by his teens possessed well-formed views about abstract art, writing in a psychology paper, \"The greater the\n\nBest of the 'B' Sides is a compilation of B-sides by the English heavy metal band Iron Maiden, released on 4 November 2002 as part of the Eddie's Archive box set. Each track was remastered and the set came with a running commentary from Rod Smallwood. It covers all of their singles from their first (1980's \"Running Free\") to 2000's \"Out of the Silent Planet\", although several of the band's original B-sides were excluded from the collection: \"Total Eclipse\" (from \"Run to the Hills\", 1982, although this has been added to the album The Number of the Beast from 1998 onwards), \"Mission From 'Arry\" (from \"2 Minutes to Midnight\", 1984); \"Bayswater Ain't a Bad Place to Be\" (from \"Be Quick or Be Dead\", 1992); and \"I Live My Way\" (from \"Man on the Edge\", 1995). Also missing are the band's cover of Thin Lizzy's \"Massacre\" (from \"Can I Play with\n\nSunnyside Unified School District is a school district in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The district extends from Tucson south to Sahuarita and from Interstate 19 to Wilmot Road. It has one early learning center, one 2-8 school, one intermediate school, 12 elementary schools, 4 middle schools and 3 high schools, with a certified teaching staff of 1,200 and a student body of 17,400. History Sunnyside School District was established in 1921. Around 1927, Sunny Side School (now Sunnyside), a two-story brick building was constructed on the southwest corner of Valencia Road and Nogales Highway. The school held first through eighth grades in it and consisted of four classrooms and an auditorium. The school served the children of neighboring areas such as Emery Park, which was a poultry colony, just to the north of the educational facility. In 1951, the Sunnyside School District chose to desegregate its elementary schools to\n\nQuestion: What is Best of the 'B' Sides?", "output": "Best of the 'B' Sides is a compilation of B-sides by the English heavy metal band Iron Maiden, released on 4 November 2002 as part of the Eddie's Archive box set."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nicosia (; Gallo-Italic of Sicily: ; ) is a Town and comune of the province of Enna in Sicily, southern Italy. It is located at 720 m above the sea level, on a rocky massive culminating in four imposing hills. The origin of Nicosia is uncertain. Nicosia and Troina are the northernmost towns in the province of Enna . The vicinity was traditionally made up of salt mines and arable lands. History Engio, Erbita and Imachara are the three cities of antiquity with which historians have attempted to identify Nicosia with, but there is no evidence that the mentioned towns are in fact Nicosia. The present name of the town suggests Greek Origins: it is believed to get its name from Saint Nicholas (), who together with San Felix are the Patrons of the Town, . Another theory suggests it is a derivative of the Greek saying \"City of Victory\"\n\nGarden International School (GIS) is a private, co-educational international school in Mont Kiara, Segambut, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Founded in 1951, GIS is one of the oldest and most prestigious private schools in Malaysia. GIS is part of the Taylor's Education Group and a member of the Federation of British International Schools in Asia (FOBISIA). GIS provides British-based education for students ages 3 to 18 years old, with an Early Years Centre (age 3\u20135), Primary School (age 5\u201311) and Secondary School (age 11\u201318). GIS is one of the biggest private co-educational schools in Malaysia, with around 2,000 students. Accredited by the Council of International Schools, GIS offers the British National Curriculum, including providing IGCSE and A Levels examinations. History Origins Founded in 1951 as Garden School, the school was established by Sally Watkins, the wife of Kuala Lumpur Fire Brigade Chief Lt. Col. F.F.C. Watkins, in the Lake Gardens of Kuala\n\nThe Earls Court Kangaroos were an Australian rules football team based in London, England. History The Earls Court Kangaroos were formed as a foundation club of the British Australian Rules Football League in 1990.Captained by ex St.Kilda player Chris Stone They changed their name to the Esher Kangaroos for the 1992 season, then to the Firkin Roos for the 1996\u201397 seasons, then folded after the 1997 season. They appeared in the inaugural Grand Final in 1990 and were defeated by the Wandsworth Demons. They returned to the next Grand Final in 1991 and defeated the Wandsworth Demons by the biggest winning margin in the history of BARFL Grand Finals. This was probably the highlight of the Roos existence, although former players attempted to get the club back on a sound footing, managed mainly under the guidance of Craig 'Howie' Howard. After the semi-final defeat in 1997, Howard decided he couldn't\n\nQuestion: Define Garden International School.", "output": "Garden International School is a private, co-educational international school in Mont Kiara,\nSegambut, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Olearia, most commonly known as daisy-bush, is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae, the largest of the flowering plant families in the world. Olearia are found in Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand. The genus includes herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees. The latter are unusual among the Asteraceae and are called tree daisies in New Zealand. All bear the familiar daisy-like composite flowerheads in white, pink, mauve or purple. Description Plants in the genus Olearia are shrubs of varying sizes, characterised by a composite flower head arrangement with single-row ray florets enclosed by small overlapping bracts arranged in rows. The flower petals are more or less equal in length. The centre of the bi-sexual floret is disc shaped and may be white, yellowish or purplish, generally with 5 lobes. Flower heads may be single or clusters in leaf axils or at the apex of branchlets.\n\nThibault is a French personal name and surname, a form of Theobald, a Germanic name composed from the elements theod- \"people\" and bald \"bold\". Surname Arthur Thibault (191483), Canadian farmer and political figure in Saskatchewan Bernard Thibault (born 1959), French trade unionist, Secretary of the Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration G\u00e9n\u00e9rale du Travail (CGT) Conrad Thibault (190387), American baritone vocalist David Thibault (born before 2013), French-Canadian singer and Elvis impersonator Dominique Thibault (born 1988), Canadian ice hockey player Emmanuel Thibault (born 1974), French dancer Fran\u00e7ois-Anatole Thibault (18441924), French writer and Nobel Laureate Fran\u00e7ois Thibault (born before 1992), French Ma\u00eetre de chai (Cellar Master) Genevi\u00e8ve Thibault de Chambure (190275), French musicologist G\u00e9rard Thibault d'Anvers (15741629), Dutch fencing master Guy Thibault (born before 1978), Canadian army officer Jean-Baptiste Thibault (181079), Canadian Roman Catholic priest and missionary Joachim Thibault de Courville (died 1581), French composer, singer, lutenist, and player of the lyre, of the late Renaissance Jocelyn\n\nMonochloramine, often called chloramine, is the chemical compound with the formula NH2Cl. Together with dichloramine (NHCl2) and nitrogen trichloride (NCl3), it is one of the three chloramines of ammonia. It is a colorless liquid at its melting point of , but it is usually handled as a dilute aqueous solution, in which form it is sometimes used as a disinfectant. Chloramine is too unstable to have its boiling point measured. Water treatment Chloramine is used as a disinfectant for water. It is less aggressive than chlorine and more stable against light than hypochlorites. Drinking water disinfection Chloramine is commonly used in low concentrations as a secondary disinfectant in municipal water distribution systems as an alternative to chlorination. This application is increasing. Chlorine (referred to in water treatment as free chlorine) is being displaced by chloramine\u2014to be specific, monochloramine\u2014which is much less reactive and does not dissipate as rapidly as free\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Thibault is.", "output": "Thibault is a French personal name and surname, a form of Theobald, a Germanic name composed from the elements  theod- \"people\" and bald \"bold\"."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Nann Nigga\", (\"Nann\" in the clean version), is the first single from Trick Daddy's second album, www.thug.com, released in 1998. It features Trina as the song's guest rapper. She is also the love (or lust) interest in the song. Background and composition The song is about Trick Daddy boasting that no one can do anything like him, especially when it comes to loving (or providing carnal pleasure to) Trina. The word \"Nann\" could be said to mean \"no\", \"none\" or \"not one\"; the resultant statement a double negative typical of southern vernacular: \"You don't know \"no\" nigga like me...\" Other possible interpretations could be that \"nann\" is a disambiguation of the colloquial \"nary\", meaning \"not a\" or \"not one,\" \"any other,\" or \"never a\". \"You don't know any other ho...\" Trick Daddy's boasting is reciprocated by Trina, with her singing \"You don't know nann ho...\" towards the middle of the\n\nIn mathematics, an automatic group is a finitely generated group equipped with several finite-state automata. These automata represent the Cayley graph of the group. That is, they can tell if a given word representation of a group element is in a \"canonical form\" and can tell if two elements given in canonical words differ by a generator. More precisely, let G be a group and A be a finite set of generators. Then an automatic structure of G with respect to A is a set of finite-state automata: the word-acceptor, which accepts for every element of G at least one word in representing it; multipliers, one for each , which accept a pair (w1, w2), for words wi accepted by the word-acceptor, precisely when in G. The property of being automatic does not depend on the set of generators. Properties Automatic groups have word problem solvable in quadratic time. More\n\nSportsBeat is a regular segment on ESPN Radio that provides a concise (2 minute) overview of the sports world. Hosted by Dari Nowkhah, it airs Monday through Friday in the afternoons, specifically at the bottom of the hour (:57-:00 minutes), The segment includes Nowkhah's opinions on relevant sports topics, separated by a commercial break in the :58 minute. It features an insightful capsule of the major breaking news of the day and a preview of the night ahead. It is heard on over 472 plus affiliates across the United States and Canada. On January 1, 2004, Tirico assumed the role as voice of ESPN Radio's weekday afternoon drivetime SportsBeat segments, the five-minute daily mainstay of the network since Brent Musburger launched ESPN Radio with the inaugural SportsBeat on January 1, 1992. Tirico is one of the most respected play-by-play men in the country as he has experience as the lead\n\nQuestion: What is SportsBeat", "output": "SportsBeat is a regular segment on ESPN Radio that provides a concise overview of the sports world."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Art School Confidential is a 2006 American comedy-drama film directed by Terry Zwigoff and starring Max Minghella, Sophia Myles, John Malkovich, Jim Broadbent, Matt Keeslar, Ethan Suplee, Joel Moore, Nick Swardson, Adam Scott, and Anjelica Huston. It is loosely based on the comic of the same name by Daniel Clowes. The film is Zwigoff's second collaboration with Clowes, the first being 2001's Ghost World (which was also released by United Artists). Plot Inspired by his longtime love of drawing, and hoping to meet girls, Jerome enrolls at the Strathmore School of Art. His roommates are aspiring filmmaker Vince and closeted-gay fashion major Matthew. Jerome looks for love amongst the female students, but is unsuccessful until he falls for art model Audrey, the daughter of a famous pop artist. Jerome forms a friendship with classmate and perennial loser, Bardo, a four-time dropout, who guides him through the college scene and introduces\n\nSophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (28 November 1700 \u2013 27 May 1770) was Queen of Denmark and Norway by marriage to King Christian VI of Denmark and Norway. Life Early life She was born in Castle Schonberg, Bavaria, to Christian Heinrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach by his wife, Countess Sophie Christiane of Wolfstein. She was raised at the court of the Queen of Poland, Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, in Saxony. Crown Princess King Frederick IV of Denmark allowed his son, Crown Prince Christian, to find a suitable bride. During a trip through Europe accompanied by Chancellor Ulrik Adolf Holstein the Crown Prince met Sophie Magdalene while she was serving as lady-in-waiting of the Queen of Poland at the Pretzsch Castle. She came from a small (the Margraviate of Kulmbach was not greater than Lolland-Falster), insignificant, relatively poor and large German princely family (she had 13 siblings); however, the King gave his permission.\n\nBranko Tomovi\u0107 (; born June 17, 1980) is a German-Serbian actor and filmmaker. Career He was born in M\u00fcnster, Germany, though his actual origin is from the Carpathians in Serbia. His parents emigrated in the '70s from the Golubac Fortress area on the Danube and Tomovi\u0107 was raised between Germany and Serbia before he studied acting at the prestigious Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute in New York City. Tomovi\u0107 was first seen on the big screen in the lead role in the American Film Institute/Sundance drama Remote Control, for which he received the OmU-Award at the Potsdam Film Festival. Currently settled in London, with his dark, brooding looks he has appeared in striking roles on British Television. He played the creepy main suspect Antoni Pricha, the Morgue Man, in Jack the Ripper thriller Whitechapel, the pyromaniac Junky-Henchman Marek Lisowski in the final episodes of A Touch of Frost and Polish fighter\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach.", "output": "Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach was Queen of Denmark and Norway by marriage to King Christian VI of Denmark and Norway."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mahalo Air was an airline that provided inter-island service within the state of Hawaii between 1993 and 1997. The airline started service on October 4, 1993, using Fokker F27 turboprop aircraft operated by Empire Airlines while awaiting its own certification. On May 31, 1994, the agreement with Empire ran out, shutting down the airline. In October of that year, the airline resumed operations with its own certificate, using new ATR-42 turboprops. During the summer of 1997, the airline filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and ceased operations on September 2. The airline was headquartered in Honolulu. Destinations Honolulu (Honolulu International Airport) Kahului (Kahului Airport) Kapalua (Kapalua Airport) Kaunakakai (Molokai Airport) Kona (Kona International Airport) Lihue (Lihue Airport) Fleet See also List of defunct airlines of the United States References External links Mahalo Air (Archive) Defunct airlines of the United States Airlines established in 1993 Airlines disestablished in 1997 Defunct companies\n\nSuper Play Action Football is an American football video game developed by Nintendo for the Super NES. It is the follow-up to NES Play Action Football. Gameplay The goal of the game is to obtain the ball and reach the other end of the field to score a touchdown, while avoiding opponent players who can pile onto the character possessing the ball. If the opponent players do manage to pile onto the character holding the ball, the play stops and the team goes back to the previous line. A quirk in the gameplay allows the defensive player to get an easy sack if they dive with the nose tackle at the precise moment the ball is snapped. Mario, from the Super Mario Bros. series of video games, makes a cameo in this video game as the \"heads\" on the coin. The raccoon tail power-up from Super Mario Bros. 3 is\n\nOtta Helene Maree (n\u00e9e Zille ; born 9 March 1951), known as Helen Zille, is a South African politician. She has served as the Chairperson of the Federal Council of the Democratic Alliance since 20 October 2019. From 2009 until 2019, she was the Premier of the Western Cape province for two five-year terms, and a member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament. She served as Federal Leader of the Democratic Alliance from 2007 to 2015 and as Mayor of Cape Town from 2006 to 2009. Zille is a former journalist and anti-apartheid activist and was one of the journalists who exposed the cover-up around the death of Black Consciousness leader Steve Biko while working for the Rand Daily Mail in the late 1970s. She also worked with the Black Sash and other pro-democracy groups during the 1980s. In the political arena, Zille has served in all three tiers of\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Mahalo Air is.", "output": "Mahalo Air was an airline that provided inter-island service within the state of Hawaii between 1993 and 1997."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Litton Reservoirs (also known as Coley Reservoirs) () are two reservoirs near the village of Litton, Somerset, England. They are operated by Bristol Water. They lie on the boundary between Bath and North East Somerset and Mendip districts. The individual lakes are called Lower Litton and Upper Litton. The former is in size, the latter and much deeper. They were built around 1850 by the Bristol Waterworks Company in conjunction with the \"Line of Works\" to bring water from the Mendip Hills to Bristol. A public footpath goes around the lakes and across the dam. The banks are home to a variety of flowers including; Primroses (Primula vulgaris), Common Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta, sometimes Endymion non-scriptus or Scilla non-scripta), Wood anemone (Anemone nemorosa), Violets and Campion. Several species of birds are frequent visitors including; Moorhen (Gallinula), Coot (Fulica), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Swan and Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula). Fishing (under permit) is\n\nBernardino Ochino (1487\u20131564) was an Italian, who was raised a Roman Catholic and later turned to Protestantism and became a Protestant reformer. Biography Bernardino Ochino was born in Siena, the son of the barber Domenico Ochino, and at the age of 7 or 8, in around 1504, was entrusted to the order of Franciscan Friars. From 1510 he studied medicine at Perugia. Transfer to the Capuchins At the age of 38, Ochino transferred himself in 1534 to the newly founded Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. By then he was the close friend of Juan de Vald\u00e9s, Pietro Bembo, Vittoria Colonna, Pietro Martire, Carnesecchi. In 1538 he was elected vicar-general of his order. In 1539, urged by Bembo, he visited Venice and delivered a course of sermons showing a sympathy with justification by faith, which appeared more clearly in his Dialogues published the same year. He was suspected and denounced, but\n\nLayke Anderson (born 10 October 1983) is a British film director and former actor. Career Anderson starred opposite Udo Kier and Stephen Fry in the 2009 Luxembourgian-German drama House of Boys, though left acting behind shortly after to explore working behind the scenes. Other acting credits include Richard Attenborough\u2019s Closing the Ring, action-horror Re-Kill, and Babylon (TV series) directed by Danny Boyle. Anderson's directorial debut Dylan's Room, starring Joanna Scanlan, screened at over thirty international film festivals winning multiple awards, and was later nominated for a British Independent Film Award. Dylan's Room was followed by the experimental film, Happy Thoughts. Filmography Director / Writer / Editor 2012: Dylan's Room (short) 2014: Happy Thoughts (short) 2016: Shopping (short) 2017: Epilogue (short) 2018: London Unplugged, Directed Shopping segment 2019: Mankind (short) Actor 2003: X2 as Cypher (Douglas Aaron Ramsey) (uncredited) 2004: Almost Strangers as Heath 2006: Communism and Football as Eduard Streltsov\n\nQuestion: Who is Layke Anderson", "output": "Layke Anderson is a British film director and former actor."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Akitu or Akitum ( ) ( ) is a spring festival and New Year's celebration, held on the first day of the Assyrian and Babylonian Nisan in ancient Mesopotamia and in Assyrian communities around the world, to celebrate the sowing of barley. Babylonian Akitu The Babylonian festival traditionally started on 4 Nissan, the first month of the year, as a celebration of the sowing of barley. All the people in the city would celebrate, including the awilu (upper class), muskena (middle class), wardu (lower class), High Priest, and the King. First to Third Day The priest of \u00c9sagila (Marduk's house) would recite sad prayers with the other priests and the people would answer with equally sad prayers which expressed humanity's fear of the unknown. This fear of the unknown explains why the high priest would head to the \u00c9sagila every day asking for Marduk's forgiveness, begging him to protect Babylon,\n\nHeckington railway station is located in the village of Heckington in Lincolnshire, England. The old station building houses the Heckington Station Railway and Heritage Museum. History The station was opened by the Boston, Sleaford and Midland Counties Railway on 13 April 1859. It is now owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Railway who provide all rail services. Stationmasters William Essame 1863 - 1871 Henry Porter 1871 - 1876 John Brice 1876 - 1881 (formerly station master at Great Poynton) Thomas Money White 1881 - 1904 William H. White 1904 - 1913 (formerly station master at Deeping St James) Herbert Joseph Osborn 1913 - 1922 (afterwards station master at Woodhall Spa) Joseph Mills Reddish 1922 -1932 (afterwards station master at Kimberley L.N.E.R. (Notts)) H.W. Rippon 1932 - 1949 (formerly station master at Thorpe Culvert) Norman Sigsworth 1949 S.G. Flowers 1949 - 1961 (formerly station master at Peakirk, afterwards\n\nOffensive realism is a structural theory in international relations that belongs to the neorealist school of thought and was put forward by the political scholar John Mearsheimer in response to defensive realism. Offensive realism holds that the anarchic nature of the international system is responsible for the promotion of aggressive state behavior in international politics. The theory fundamentally differs from defensive realism by depicting great powers as power-maximizing revisionists privileging buck-passing and self-promotion over balancing strategies in their consistent aim to dominate the international system. The theory brings important alternative contributions for the study and understanding of international relations but remains the subject of criticism. Theoretical origins Offensive realism is a prominent and important theory of international relations belonging to the realist school of thought, which includes various sub-trends characterised by the different perspectives of representative scholars such as Robert Gilpin, Randall Schweller, Eric J. Labs and Fareed Zakaria. Yet,\n\nQuestion: What is Heckington railway station?", "output": "Heckington railway station is located in the village of Heckington in Lincolnshire, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "West Point on the Eno is a city park and historical center covering in Durham, Durham County, North Carolina. Several historical structures are conserved on the site: West Point Mill - a reproduction colonial-era mill that is now a museum. Hugh Mangum Museum of Photography - located in the restored tobacco packhouse, features historic photographs from the late 19th and early 20th century from negatives found in the packhouse, also historic camera equipment McCown-Mangum House - home to one of the mill's owners, restored 1850s farmhouse with late 19th-century furnishings, open for tours Other facilities include: Amphitheatre - includes a large open field, lawn seating, stage, electricity, water, parking 5 miles of trails Picnic facilities Canoe access to the Eno River Natural Play Space - a play area for children History The Eno Indians first used this area to fish, hunt, and grow crops. Arrowheads left behind by the tribe\n\nGerman pronouns are German words that function as pronouns. As with pronouns in other languages, they are frequently employed as the subject or object of a clause, acting as substitutes for nouns or noun phrases, but are also used in relative clauses to relate the main clause to a subordinate one. Classification and usage Germanic pronouns are divided into several groups; Personal pronouns, which apply to an entity, such as the speaker or third parties; Possessive pronouns, which describe ownership of objects, institutions, etc.; Demonstrative pronouns; Determinative pronouns; Reflexive pronouns, in which the subject is also one of the objects; Relative pronouns, which connect clauses; Interrogative pronouns, which are used in questions, such as who?; Indefinite pronouns, which denote entities of quantities. With few exceptions, German pronouns must always have the same gender, same number, and same case as their antecedents. In German, a pronoun may have a certain position\n\nS\u00f8r-V\u00e5gs\u00f8y is a former municipality in the old Sogn og Fjordane county in Norway. The municipality existed from 1910 until 1964 and it encompassed the southern part of the island of V\u00e5gs\u00f8y and a small area on the mainland just east of the island. The area is now located in the present-day Kinn Municipality in Vestland county. The administrative centre of the municipality was M\u00e5l\u00f8y, where S\u00f8r-V\u00e5gs\u00f8y Church is located. Other population centres in the municipality are the villages of Holvik, V\u00e5gsv\u00e5g, Torskangerpoll, F\u00e6restrand, and Ytre Oppedal. History S\u00f8r-V\u00e5gs\u00f8y was originally a part of the municipality of Selje (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1910, the western part of the municipality of Selje was split off into the two new municipalities of S\u00f8r-V\u00e5gs\u00f8y and Nord-V\u00e5gs\u00f8y. S\u00f8r-V\u00e5gs\u00f8y had an initial population of 1,517. On 1 July 1921, the Blesr\u00f8d farm in Nord-V\u00e5gs\u00f8y (just north of M\u00e5l\u00f8y) was transferred to S\u00f8r-V\u00e5gs\u00f8y. During\n\nQuestion: What's West Point on the Eno?", "output": "West Point on the Eno is a city park and historical center covering  in Durham, Durham County, North Carolina."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Divine Child High School, commonly known as Divine Child (DC), is a private, Roman Catholic, college-preparatory, parochical high school in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. Divine Child is a highly ranked private high school in Michigan, scoring in the top 15 percent of private schools in the State. Notably, it is the seventh-largest private high school, and the largest co-educational Catholic high school in the State. The school is located on a 20-acre campus that includes a new athletic complex and fitness center, which was financed through an ongoing capital campaign that has raised five million in capital to date. Overview Divine Child High School is a highly rated, Catholic, college-preparatory high school located in Dearborn, Michigan. Divine Child is ranked among the top 15% of private high schools in the State of Michigan as of the 2021\u20132022 school year. It is the State's largest Catholic co-ed high school, enrolling near\n\nSchmallenberg (Westphalian: Smalmereg) is a town and a climatic health resort in the High Sauerland District, Germany. By area, it is the third biggest of all cities and towns of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the second biggest of the region of Westphalia. With small Schmallenberg central town and the rural Bad Fredeburg Kneipp health resort the town has two urban settlements. Additionally, 82 villages and hamlets belong to the town's territory. Also being called \u201cthe Schmallenberg Sauerland\u201d, the Town of Schmallenberg is famous for its total of five health resorts and nine villages which have been awarded gold for their beauty in the nationwide \u201c\u201d contest. Geography Schmallenberg is located in the southeast of the Sauerland mountainous landscape. The Rothaar Mountains make up a part of the town's territory. Through the central town flows the river Lenne. It is situated (linear distances): 14 miles (22 km) south of\n\nThe Miss Oregon USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Oregon in the Miss USA pageant. It is currently produced by Pageant NW Productions based in Puyallup, Washington since 2015. Oregon has only had limited success at Miss USA and has yet to win the title. The highest placed Miss Oregon USA was Gail Atchison who finished 2nd runner-up to Barbara Peterson in 1976. The most recent finalist was Toneata Morgan in 2018. Two Miss Oregon USA titleholders have formerly held the Miss Oregon Teen USA title and competed at Miss Teen USA. The current titleholder is Manju Bangalore of Corvallis, Oregon and was crowned on October 15, 2022 at Sherwood Center for the Fine Arts in Sherwood, Oregon. She will represent Oregon for the title of Miss USA 2023. Gallery of titleholders Results summary 2nd runners-up: Gail Atchison (1976) Top 10: Debbie Epperson\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Divine Child High School is.", "output": "Divine Child High School, commonly known as Divine Child, is a private, Roman Catholic, college-preparatory, parochical high school  in Dearborn, Michigan, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Pepper Dennis is an American comedy-drama television series that aired on The WB from April 4 to July 4, 2006. It was announced on May 17, 2006 that Pepper Dennis would not be one of the WB shows transferred to The CW. Pepper Dennis was the final show to premiere on the network before the rebrand. Plot The series stars Rebecca Romijn as Pepper Dennis, a television reporter for an evening news broadcast at the fictional television station WEiE (specifically with a small i) in Chicago. The series also starred Rider Strong as Chick, Pepper's cameraman who has an unrequited crush on her, Brooke Burns as Pepper's sheltered and somewhat flaky sister Kathy Dinkle, Lindsay Price as Kimmy Kim, Pepper's closest friend and WEiE's makeup artist and Josh Hopkins as Charlie Babcock, the station's news anchor. One of the focal points of the show was the love-hate relationship between Pepper\n\nHenrik Kauffmann (26 August 1888 \u2013 5 June 1963) was the Danish ambassador to the United States during World War II, who signed over part of Greenland to the US. Career Kauffmann started his foreign career by serving as envoy in Rome, 1921\u20131923. He afterwards served in Peking in 1924\u20131932 when he was succeeded by Oscar O'Neill Oxholm. During this period Kauffmann became notable for three things: political reports of high quality; an ability to gain close contacts with central Chinese decision makers; and his lavish spending. After his time in Peking, Kauffmann served as envoy in Oslo 1932\u20131939 (when he was, again, succeeded by Oxholm), where he helped soften the Danish-Norwegian relations following the Greenland case. On 9 April 1941, the anniversary of the German occupation of Denmark, he signed on his own initiative \"in the Name of the King\" () an \"Agreement relating to the Defense of Greenland\"\n\nPunnathurkotta is a fort and former palace located in Kottapadi, about 3 km from the Guruvayoor Sree Krishna Temple, in Thrissur District of Kerala State in South India. Description Punnathurkotta was once the palace of a local ruler, but the palace grounds are now used to house the elephants belonging to the Guruvayoor temple, and has been renamed Anakkotta (meaning \"Elephant Fort\"). There were 86 elephants housed there, but currently there are about 59 elephants. The elephants are ritual offerings made by the devotees of Lord Guruvayurappa. Described as a 'Palace for Elephants,' this facility is also used to train the elephants to serve Lord Krishna as well as to participate in many festivals that occur throughout the year. The oldest elephant is around 82 years of age and is called 'Ramachandran'. The rituals of Gajapooja (Worshipping Elephants) and Anayoottu (Feeding Elephants) are observed here, as an offering to Lord\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Henrik Kauffmann.", "output": "Henrik Kauffmann was the Danish ambassador to the United States during World War II, who signed over part of Greenland to the US."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Elastic scoring is a style of orchestration or music arrangement that was first used by the Australian composer Percy Grainger. Purpose This technique of orchestration is used to provide composers with the option of allowing a diverse group of voices or instrumentalists the ability to perform their music. An example of this is when a composer or arranger provides extra sheet music parts so a flute quartet (four flutes) can play the same piece as a group comprising two flutes, alto flute and bass flute, resulting a choir-like sound. In other words, a subtle re-engineering of the original work. This technique involves making extra and/or interchangeable musical parts which provide substitutions for more or fewer musicians depending on what is required for an individual performance. This also allows a musical work to be played in smaller communities where the required instruments may not always be available. One of the main\n\nCarol Deirdre McGiffin (born 18 February 1960) is an English radio and television broadcaster, who appeared on the daytime talk show Loose Women from 2000 until her first departure in 2013 and again from 2018 until 2023. McGiffin appeared on the twelfth series of Celebrity Big Brother. Early life McGiffin was born in London and brought up in Maidstone, Kent, to John McGiffin and Heather Barham. She grew up with her two sisters Kim and Tracy and her brother Mark. Career She started her broadcasting career in 1984 as a producer on cable channel Music Box and moved on to presenting in 1988 as co-host of the Chris Evans shows on GLR. Her style then and characterised today is based on comedic observation of men. In 1995 McGiffin was a founding member of the Talk Radio UK team, co-presenting the popular weekday evening show The Rude Awakening with Moz Dee.\n\nPermas Jaya, with the official name of Bandar Baru Permas Jaya, is a suburb in Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. It has about 40,000-45,000 residents. The Permas Jaya Bridge connects it with Kampung Baru Bakar Batu, Taman Sentosa and downtown Johor Bahru. The Second Permas Jaya Bridge is completed and had helped to reduce traffic jams. The new Eastern Dispersal Link has also been completed and opened for public on 1 April 2012. The residential areas are divided into sections, with the section numbers numbering from 1 to 15 and beyond, based on the phases when the town was built. The roads in the residential areas are further named with a \"/\" and another representing number, which means 1/13 is a road found in the residential area 1. Permas Jaya has a 9-hole golf course and residential condominiums. It also has a sports and recreational complex and a go-kart circuit. Permas\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Elastic scoring is.", "output": "Elastic scoring is a style of orchestration or music arrangement that was first used by the Australian composer Percy Grainger."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Shaun Palmer (born November 14, 1968) is an American professional snowboarder, skier, mountain biker, and motocross rider. Nicknamed \"Napalm\" and \"Palm Daddy\", he is known as one of the forefathers of extreme sports. Early life Palmer was born in South Lake Tahoe on November 14, 1968. From a young age, he maintained a strong interest in all things fast. His mother told People Magazine in 1999, \"Whether it was on wheels or on a board, it had to be superfast\u2014he had no fear. I remember once when he was 13, I had grounded him. Well, he jumped out of his second-floor bedroom window, got on his bike and took off. He was like that\u2014always pushing the limits.\" While Palmer showed potential in both skiing and baseball, Shaun grew enamored with the still-infant sport of snowboarding. At the age of 12, he built his own snowboard. Snowboarding career Palmer taught himself\n\nThe Florida Forensic League, Inc., or FFL, is a speech and debate organization offered to all schools in the state of Florida. It is the governing body for local and state speech and debate competitions in Florida, with higher-level competition under the auspices of the National Forensic League and the National Catholic Forensic League. The league was officially incorporated by the State of Florida on November 20, 2003, and began operations on January 1, 2004, although it existed some time before then in an unorganized fashion. Competitors in the league have been extremely successful at national tournaments. Officers The officers of the Florida Forensic League are: President - Carol Cecil Vice President/Operations - Dario Camara Vice President/Middle School Director - Alyssa Fiebrantz Awsare Treasurer - Grant Chmielewski Secretary - Ben Gaddis Panhandle Region Director - Timacuan Region Director - Nathan Johnston Gulf Coast Region Director - Macaw Region Director -\n\nHorst Brandst\u00e4tter (June 27, 1933 \u2013 June 3, 2015) was the owner of the German company Brandst\u00e4tter Group. The company was founded by Andreas Brandst\u00e4tter in 1876. At the age of 19, Horst Brandst\u00e4tter followed in his father's footsteps by joining the family business and successfully modernised it. One of his major successes was the production of hula hoops in 1958. In the early 1970s he commissioned inventor and employee Hans Beck to produce a toy system that would eventually become known as Playmobil. Brandst\u00e4tter retired from the company in 2000, but regularly visited the company offices until his death in 2015. Early life Horst Brandst\u00e4tter was born on June 27, 1933, in Zirndorf, Germany. He lost his father when he was seven years old and was told by his mother that he would eventually take his father's place in the family toy company at the age of 21. Before\n\nQuestion: What is Florida Forensic League?", "output": "The Florida Forensic League, Inc., or FFL, is a speech and debate organization offered to all schools in the state of Florida."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Vice Admiral Sir William Rooke Creswell, (20 July 1852 \u2013 20 April 1933) was an Australian naval officer, commonly considered to be the 'father' of the Royal Australian Navy. Early life and family Creswell was born in Gibraltar, son of Edmund Creswell (head of the postal service at Gibraltar and for the Mediterranean), and Margaret Mary Ward, n\u00e9e Fraser. He was educated at Gibraltar and Eastman's Royal Naval Academy, Southsea. Creswell's brother Edmund (1849\u20131931) played for the Royal Engineers in the first FA Cup Final in 1872. Another brother, Frederic (1866\u20131948) was a Labour Party politician in South Africa, who was Minister of Defence from 1924 to 1933. Naval career Beginning his naval career at the age of 13 as a cadet on the Royal Navy's training ship Britannia, Creswell was promoted to midshipman in 1867 and on 20 October 1871 became a sub-lieutenant. Having already served in the Channel\n\nViliame Cavubati (born 1945 on Lakeba Island, Lau) is a former Fijian politician and Cabinet Minister. He was a member of the Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei. His first foray into politics was in 1968, when he began working for the then-ruling Alliance Party. He was Minister for Works in the government of Sitiveni Rabuka in the 1990s, but lost the Lau Fijian Communal Constituency to Adi Koila Nailatikau in the 1999 parliamentary election. In February 2006, the National Alliance Party announced that Cavubati would challenge Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase, who held Cavubati's old seat, in the general election held from 6 to 13 May. Cavubati was trounced, gaining less than 7 percent of the vote. A former schoolteacher, Cavubati was educated at Queen Victoria School, and worked first as a field officer and subsequently as traffic officer and wharf manager of Ellington, for the Fiji Sugar Corporation. He w\n\nJohn Biscoe (28 April 1794 \u2013 1843) was an English mariner and explorer who commanded the first expedition known to have sighted the areas named Enderby Land and Graham Land along the coast of Antarctica. The expedition also found a number of islands in the vicinity of Graham Land, including the Biscoe Islands that were named after him. Early life Biscoe was born in Enfield, Middlesex, England. In March 1812, aged seventeen, he joined the Royal Navy and served during the 1812\u20131815 war against the United States. By the time of his discharge in 1815, he had become a justice Master. Thereafter he sailed on board merchant shipping as a mate or master, mostly to the East or West Indies. Southern Ocean expedition, 1830\u20131833 In 1830, the whaling company Samuel Enderby & Sons appointed Biscoe master of the brig Tula and leader of an expedition to find new sealing grounds\n\nQuestion: Who was William Creswell?", "output": "Vice Admiral Sir William Rooke Creswell, was an Australian naval officer, commonly considered to be the 'father' of the Royal Australian Navy."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Catholic branch of Christianity is the dominant religion in Mexico, representing 78% of the total population as of 2020. In recent decades the share of Catholics has been declining, due to the growth of other Christian denominations \u2013 especially various Protestant churches, Jehovah's Witness and Mormonism \u2013 which now constitute larger shares of the population. Conversion to non-Catholic denominations has been considerably lower than in Central America, and central Mexico remains one of the most Catholic areas in the world. Mexico is a secular country and has allowed freedom of religion since the mid-19th century. Mainline Protestant denominations and the open practice of Judaism established themselves in the country during that era. Modern growth has been seen in Evangelical Protestantism, Mormonism and in folk religions, such as Mexicayotl. Buddhism and Islam have both made limited inroads through immigration and conversion. Religion and the state The Mexican Constitution of 1917\n\nCamarasaurus lewisi is a species of sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of the United States. It was named by James A. Jensen in 1988. C. lewisi was originally placed in its own genus, Cathetosaurus, but in 1996 it was reclassified as a species of Camarasaurus; most researchers since have considered it to be one of the four valid species of Camarasaurus. Two unpublished studies have since argued that the genus Cathetosaurus should be reinstated, whereas two other studies have argued that C. lewisi may be a junior synonym of another species of Camarasaurus. Description C. lewisi is the smallest species assigned to Camarasaurus; despite representing a very old individual, the holotype specimen is roughly 26% smaller than C. supremus, with a humerus long. The possible C. lewisi specimen SMA 0002 also represents a fully mature individual, but is exceptionally small, with a humerus only long. It is possible that\n\nThe Aimaq () or Chahar Aimaq (), also transliterated as Aymaq, Aimagh, Aimak and Aymak, are a collection of Sunni and mostly Persian-speaking nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes. They live mostly in the central and western highlands of Afghanistan, especially in Ghor and Badghis. Aimaqs were originally known as chahar (\"four\") Aymaqs: Jamshidi, Aimaq Hazara, Firozkohi and Taymani. The Timuri, which is a separate tribe but is sometimes included among Aimaqs, which is known as Aimaq-e digar (\"other Aimaq\"). The Aimaq speak several subdialects of the Aimaq dialect of the Persian language, but some southern groups of Taymani, Firozkohi, and northeastern Timuri Aimaqs have adopted the Pashto language. Etymology The word \"Aimaq\" is derived from the Turkic-Mongolic word \"Oymaq\" that means \"tribe\" and \"group of tribes\". Aimaq Hazara and Timuri are closest to the Turco-Mongols since they are semi-nomadic tribes and some of them live in yurts, whereas other Aimaqs live\n\nQuestion: What is Religion in Mexico?", "output": "The Catholic branch of Christianity is the dominant religion in Mexico, representing 78% of the total population as of 2020."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Amber and Ashes is a fiction, fantasy novel in the Dragonlance book series and is the first of a trilogy called \"The Dark Disciple\", based around the character Mina. The book takes up where the War of Souls left off. This trilogy will explore the Chaos that is post-war Krynn. It is authored by Margaret Weis, who was a co-founder of the Dragonlance series, along with Tracy Hickman. This is Weis's fourteenth novel in the series, and first solo hardcover since the publication of the extremely popular Dragonlance title The Soulforge in 1998. Publication history Amber and Ashes was written by Margaret Weis and published in July 2005. Other books in the series include Amber and Iron (Volume 2) and Amber and Blood (Volume 3). Plot introduction Amber and Ashes is set in Krynn shortly after the death of Takhisis at the end of the War of Souls. Magic is\n\nKimberly Ann Pressler (born May 21, 1977) is an American sports reporter, businesswoman, model, and former Miss USA who currently works for FOX on Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) telecasts. Ms. Pressler has been featured in People Magazine, TIME, and voted one of Stuff Magazine.\u2019s \u201c101 Sexiest Women in the World.\u201d Additionally, Pressler is also Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of Dane Herron Industries, an award-winning, California-based company that specializes in the construction of dirt bike parks, skateparks, track building, event production and stunt coordinating, worldwide. Early life Pressler was born in Las Vegas, Nevada to Staff Sergeant Stan Pressler (Air-Force, Retired) and homemaker Michelle Pressler (Kulczyk). While Ms. Pressler's father was an active airman; she spent her early childhood living the military life in Nevada, California, and Germany before ultimately residing in Western New York where Kimberly completed her schooling, graduating from Ten Broeck Academy of Franklinville. Kimberly continued her education\n\nRobert Douglas Christian (born November 14, 1968) is a former American football fullback who played ten seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the Chicago Bears, the Carolina Panthers, and the Atlanta Falcons from 1992 to 2002. He was drafted by the Falcons in the 12th round of the 1991 NFL Draft. He was selected by the Carolina Panthers in the 1995 NFL Expansion Draft. College career Christian played college football for Northwestern University where he set records (since broken) for career rushing, single season rushing, and single game all-purpose yards. Professional career Christian played with Chicago Bears and Carolina Panthers prior to signing with Atlanta in 1997 and had 831 yards and 12 touchdowns on 193 carries in 135 games, including 85 starts. He had 230 receptions for 2,048 yards and seven touchdowns. Christian retired on March 13, 2003, after 11 seasons in the NFL. Current career After\n\nQuestion: Who is Kimberly Pressler", "output": "Kimberly Ann Pressler is an American sports reporter, businesswoman, model, and former Miss USA who currently works for FOX on Professional Bowlers Association telecasts."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander (1 October 208 \u2013 21/22 March 235), also known as Alexander Severus, was a Roman emperor, who reigned from 222 until 235. He was the last emperor from the Severan dynasty. He succeeded his slain cousin Elagabalus in 222. Alexander himself was eventually assassinated, and his death marked the beginning of the events of the Crisis of the Third Century, which included nearly fifty years of civil war, foreign invasion, and the collapse of the monetary economy. Alexander was the heir to his cousin, the 18-year-old Emperor Elagabalus. The latter had been murdered along with his mother Julia Soaemias by his own guards, who, as a mark of contempt, had their remains cast into the Tiber river. Alexander and his cousin were both grandsons of Julia Maesa, who was the sister of empress Julia Domna and had arranged for Elagabalus's acclamation as emperor by the Third\n\nThe red forest duiker, Natal duiker, or Natal red duiker (Cephalophus natalensis) is a small antelope found in central to southern Africa. It is one of 22 extant species form the subfamily Cephalophinae. While the red forest duiker is very similar to the common duiker, it is smaller in size and has a distinguishing reddish coloring. Additionally, the red forest duiker favors a denser bush habitat than the common duiker. The Natal red duiker is more diurnal and less secretive than most forest duikers, so therefore it is easier for them to be observed. In 1999, red forest duikers had an estimated wild population of 42,000 individuals. Description Red forest duikers have a body length of up to 1 m, a typical shoulder height of 43 cm, and an average mass of 14 kg. Both sexes have short, straight horns about 6 cm long, although in females they may be\n\nThe International Federation of Employees in Public Service (, INFEDOP) was an International Trade Federation of the World Confederation of Labour (WCL). History The federation was founded in November 1953, when the International Federation of Christian Post, Telegraph and Telephone Workers merged with the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions, at a meeting in Paris. Initially named the International Federation of Christian Staff Unions, Utilities and Post, Telegraph and Telephone Workers, it adopted its final name in 1966. In 1963, the federation founded a section for teachers' unions, which in 1974 split away as the independent World Confederation of Teachers. By 1979, INFEDOP claimed that its affiliates had a total of 3,500,000 members. Leadership General Secretaries Jacques Tessier Jos Vandecruys 1980 : Jos De Ceulaer 1991: Bert Van Caelenberg Presidents Paul Seiler Filip Wieers Fritz Neugebauer References External links www.cmt-wcl.org, detail from the WCL website. Trade unions established in 1953\n\nQuestion: What is International Federation of Employees in Public Service?", "output": "The International Federation of Employees in Public Service was an International Trade Federation of the World Confederation of Labour."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In Norse cosmology, \u00c1lfheimr (Old Norse: , \"Land of the Elves\" or \"Elfland\"; anglicized as Alfheim), also called \"Lj\u00f3s\u00e1lfheimr\" ( , \"home of the Light Elves\"), is home of the Light Elves. Attestations \u00c1lfheim as an abode of the Elves is mentioned only twice in Old Norse texts. Gr\u00edmnism\u00e1l The Eddic poem Gr\u00edmnism\u00e1l describes twelve divine dwellings beginning the stanza 5 with: A tooth-gift is a gift given to an infant on the cutting of the first tooth. Gylfaginning In the 12th century Eddic prose Gylfaginning, Snorri Sturluson relates it in the stanza 17 as the first of a series of abodes in heaven: Later in the section, in speaking of a hall in the Highest Heaven called Giml\u00e9 that shall survive when heaven and earth have died, explains: See also Alfheimbjerg Fairyland, a folkloric location sometimes referred to as Elfame Svart\u00e1lfaheimr Svart\u00e1lfar (black elves) Citations Bibliography Primary External links\n\nVransko (; ) is a small town in central Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Vransko. It lies on the western edge of the Savinja Valley. This area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now part of the Savinja Statistical Region. Name Vransko was attested in historical sources as Vrensk in 1123\u20131146, Wrayn\u00e7ke in 1302, Vrensch in 1339, and Vraensch in 1341. The name is derived via ellipsis from *Vransko selo 'Vran's village', referring to an early individual associated with the place. Church The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Archangel Michael and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1123 with various extensions and rebuilding over the centuries. It is now a three-naved church. One of the chapels contains an altar by the Baroque sculptor Francesco Robba. References External\n\nGeorge Gregoriou was an American political writer and professor of Greek Cypriot origins. Born in Cyprus in 1936 into a nationalistic family; his father was interned by the colonial authorities during the insurrection in 1931. The family emigrated to the United States in 1950 but continued to support Cyprus' struggle for freedom, a link that led Gregoriou to the writing of the books Cyprus: A View from the Diaspora. He worked as a political science professor at the William Paterson University of New Jersey, has written numerous books on the Western geopolitical strategies in the Eastern Mediterranean, particularly the political forces of British colonialism, the Greek and Cyprus events responsible for the events leading to the de facto partition in 1974 and the Anglo-American policies outside and inside the United Nations to legitimize the facts on the ground created by the Turkish occupation of northern Cyprus. Georgiou was highly critical\n\nQuestion: What is \u00c1lfheimr", "output": "In Norse cosmology, \u00c1lfheimr, also called \"Lj\u00f3s\u00e1lfheimr\", is home of the Light Elves."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Pollokshaws West railway station is a railway station in Glasgow, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is served by trains on the Glasgow South Western Line. History The station was opened as Pollokshaws on 27 September 1848 by Glasgow, Barrhead and Neilston Direct Railway, which later became the Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway - a joint railway company between the Caledonian Railway and the Glasgow and South Western Railway. To the south west is Busby Junction where the Busby Railway (latterly part of the Caledonian Railway) diverges. Following grouping, the station became part of the London Midland and Scottish Railway. It was not until British Railways days - 5 May 1952 - that the station was renamed as Pollokshaws West. The station buildings are now protected as a category B listed building. Services The station is normally served by a service every half hour to (Mondays Saturdays\n\nThe Dabie Mountains () are a major mountain range located in central China. Running northwest-to-southeast, they form the main watershed between the Huai and Yangtze rivers. The range also marks the boundary between Hubei Province and its neighbors of Henan (to the north) and Anhui (to the east). During the late 1920s and early 1930s, the Dabie Mountains were a stronghold of the Chinese Communist Party and the location of the Eyuwan Soviet. The western part of Dabie Mountains has a low elevation of only , though there are a few peaks rising to . The eastern part is higher, averaging more than . The highest peak is Mount Tianzhu at , with several others topping including the high Tiantangzhai. Landscape The range is heavily forested (about 85% coverage) and yields valuable bamboo as well as oak, particularly cork oak, making it China's chief cork-producing area. The region is median\n\nActive Directory (AD) is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. Windows Server operating systems include it as a set of processes and services. Originally, only centralized domain management used Active Directory. However, it ultimately became an umbrella title for various directory-based identity-related services. A domain controller is a server running the Active Directory Domain Service (AD DS) role. It authenticates and authorizes all users and computers in a Windows domain-type network, assigning and enforcing security policies for all computers and installing or updating software. For example, when a user logs into a computer part of a Windows domain, Active Directory checks the submitted username and password and determines whether the user is a system administrator or a non-admin user. Furthermore, it allows the management and storage of information, provides authentication and authorization mechanisms, and establishes a framework to deploy other related services: Certificate Services, Active Directory\n\nQuestion: What is Pollokshaws West railway station?", "output": "Pollokshaws West railway station is a railway station in Glasgow, Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Anointing of the sick, known also by other names such as unction, is a form of religious anointing or \"unction\" (an older term with the same meaning) for the benefit of a sick person. It is practiced by many Christian churches and denominations. Anointing of the sick was a customary practice in many civilizations, including among the ancient Greeks and early Jewish communities. The use of oil for healing purposes is referred to in the writings of Hippocrates. Anointing of the sick should be distinguished from other religious anointings that occur in relation to other sacraments, in particular baptism, confirmation and ordination, and also in the coronation of a monarch. Names Since 1972, the Roman Catholic Church has used the name \"Anointing of the Sick\" both in the English translations issued by the Holy See of its official documents in Latin and in the English official documents of Episcopal conferences.\n\nBrewing Up with Billy Bragg is the second album by Billy Bragg, released in 1984. While his debut album Life's a Riot with Spy vs Spy (1983) was performed by Bragg accompanied only by his guitar, Brewing Up with Billy Bragg began to use subtle overdubs, such as backing vocals on \"Love Gets Dangerous\", trumpet on \"The Saturday Boy\" and organ on \"A Lover Sings\". The album also continued Bragg's legacy of political songs. \"It Says Here\" is a bitingly satirical attack on the British tabloid press and \"Island of No Return\" is a concise anti-war anthem. The album reached number 16 on the UK albums chart. The cover of the original album has the subtitle \"A Puckish Satire on Contemporary Mores,\" a quote from the Woody Allen film Love and Death, in which Allen's character reviews an army play presented to Russian soldiers to prevent them from becoming infected\n\nThe Wild Stallion is a 2009 American direct-to-DVD film directed by Craig Clyde and starring Miranda Cosgrove, Danielle Chuchran, Robert Wagner, Paul Sorvino, Connie Sellecca and Fred Ward. It was distributed by Myriad Pictures. In December 2010, the popular Horse Book Club PONY included The Wild Stallion in their package. Plot Hanna Mills (Miranda Cosgrove), an 11-year-old girl from Cleveland, Ohio, wants to photograph wild horses for a project and to try to help save them. After visiting a ranch during summer vacation and befriending CJ (Danielle Chuchran), another 11-year-old girl, she learns about illegal activities that might jeopardize the mustangs. Along the way she learns about the horses including the legend of the black stallion. Cast Miranda Cosgrove as Hanna Mills Danielle Chuchran as C.J. Fred Ward as Frank Mills Manuel Ojeda as Jorge Valencia Connie Sellecca as Maddie Robert Wagner as Novak - The wild horse buyer Paul\n\nQuestion: What's Brewing Up with Billy Bragg?", "output": "Brewing Up with Billy Bragg is the second album by Billy Bragg, released in 1984."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Khokhropar or Khokhrapar (; ) is a border town situated in Tharparkar District, Sindh, Pakistan. It is located at 25\u00b041 North 70\u00b012 East and has an altitude of . Railway Khokhrapar railway station was established in 1916. Before the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the Sind Mail was run between Hyderabad, Pakistan and Ahmedabad, India via Mirpur Khas, Khokhrapar, Munabao, Barmer, Luni, Jodhpur, Pali, Marwar and Palanpur. After the independence Khokhrapar was the last railway station in Pakistan on Hyderabad, Pakistan - Jodhpur, India railway line and used for customs and immigration. The train service between Hyderabad, Pakistan and Jodhpur, India closed down after the 1965 war. The town, and the rest of the Nagarparkar salient were captured by India in the 1971 war, and returned to Pakistan in 1972. In February 2006 Mirpur Khas - Munabao railway line reopened after the conversion of metre gauge railway track to broad\n\nContext management is a dynamic computer process that uses 'subjects' of data in one application, to point to data resident in a separate application also containing the same subject. Context management allows users to choose a subject once in one application, and have all other applications containing information on that same subject 'tune' to the data they contain, thus eliminating the need to redundantly select the subject in the varying applications. An example from the healthcare industry where Context Management is widely used, multiple applications operating \"in context\" through use of a context manager would allow a user to select a patient (i.e., the subject) in one application and when the user enters the other application, that patient's information is already pre-fetched and presented, obviating the need to re-select the patient in the second application. The further the user 'drills' into the application (e.g., test, result, diagnosis, etc.) all context\n\nOrtak\u00f6y Mosque () or B\u00fcy\u00fck Mecidiye Camii () in Be\u015fikta\u015f, Istanbul, Turkey, is a mosque situated at the waterside of the Ortak\u00f6y pier square, one of the most popular locations on the Bosphorus. It was commissioned by the Ottoman sultan Abd\u00fclmecid I and its construction was completed around 1854 or 1856. This structure is symbolic of the district of Ortak\u00f6y as it has a distinctive view of the Bosphorus Strait of Istanbul and the Bosphorus Bridge. The mosque is visible from Bosphorus cruises and ferries. History On the site of the present-day Ortak\u00f6y Mosque there was previously a small mosque built in 1720 and ruined during the Patrona Halil Uprising in 1731. The current mosque was commissioned by the Ottoman sultan Abd\u00fclmecid I and built or completed around 1854 or 1856 (the exact dates of construction vary between scholarly sources). Its architects were Armenian father and son Garabet Balyan and\n\nQuestion: Define Khokhropar.", "output": "Khokhropar or Khokhrapar is a border town situated in Tharparkar District, Sindh, Pakistan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The James Earl Jones Theatre, originally the Cort Theatre, is a Broadway theater at 138 West 48th Street, between Seventh Avenue and Sixth Avenue, in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City, United States. It was built in 1912 and designed by architect Thomas W. Lamb for impresario John Cort. An annex to the west of the theater, built between 2021 and 2022, was designed by Kostow Greenwood Architects. The Jones has 1,092 seats across three levels and is operated by the Shubert Organization. Both the facade and interior of the theater are New York City designated landmarks. The theater maintains much of its original neoclassical design. Its 48th Street facade has a glass-and-metal marquee shielding the entrances, as well as a colonnade with an additional story above. The lobby has marble paneling and a coved ceiling. The auditorium contains a ground-level orchestra and two overhanging balconies\n\nThe Del Mar Mile Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for horses aged three years and older run over a distance of one mile on the turf held annually in August at Del Mar Racetrack in Del Mar, California. The event currently carries a purse of $150,000. History The event was inaugurated on 2 September 1987 with additional sponsorship from Budweiser and the Breeders' Cup at a distance of as a one-mile race on the dirt track and was won by the 9-1 shot Good Command who was ridden by United States' Racing Hall of Fame jockey Chris McCarron in a time of 1:35. The following year the event was by Precisionist, the 1985 U.S. Champion Sprint Horse who had come out of retirement after an unsuccessful stud career. For the third running the event had been classified as Grade III and the next year in 1990\n\nJon Sundby (born 8 June 1883 in Vestby, died 14 December 1972 in Vestby) was a Norwegian farmer, politician and a council of state, and he had central positions of trust within agricultural economic organizations. He served as Minister of Agriculture and food from 1931-1932 and Minister of Finance from 1932-1933. Personal life Sundby was born and grew up at Sundby farmyard in Vestby, Akershus, as the youngest child out of six. His father, Julius James Sundby (1837\u20131911) was a farmer and a political spokesman for H\u00f8yre, the conservatives, in Vestby, married to Othilie Strand (1841\u20131909). Jon Sundby married Bertha Marie M\u00f8rk on 29 April 1915. Jon Sundby was the great-grandfather of the Olympic Champion Siren Sundby. Education Sundby graduated state school in 1900, where he continued his education at Sem landbruksskole in Asker where he graduated in 1903. After graduating Norges landbruksh\u00f8gskole (Norwegian School of Agriculture) in 1905, and\n\nQuestion: Tell me what James Earl Jones Theatre is.", "output": "The James Earl Jones Theatre, originally the Cort Theatre, is a Broadway theater at 138 West 48th Street, between Seventh Avenue and Sixth Avenue, in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lindsay Frimodt (born March 28, 1981) is an American fashion model and fashion designer. She appeared in the annual Victoria's Secret Fashion Show in 2002 and 2003. Life and career Lindsay Frimodt was born on March 28, 1981, in Sacramento, California. Her advertisement campaigns include Donna Karan, Michael Kors, Giorgio Armani, Narciso Rodriguez, Zac Posen, Jill Stuart and Calvin Klein. She has appeared in the pages of Harper's Bazaar, Elle, Marie Claire, and Vogue. Frimodt has appeared on the cover of Russia's Harper's Bazaar, France's Bira, Italy's Vogue's Beauty Supplement and US' Planet and City. She walked the runway for Victoria's Secret's annual fashion show in 2002 and 2003. She was featured in Justin Timberlake's music video for \"I'm Lovin' It\" and Amr Diab's video for \"Lealy Nahary\". She also works as a fashion designer and teamed up with Superbright to create an augmented reality for her \"Lindsay\u2019s Designs\" during\n\nThe House of Courtenay is a medieval noble house, with branches in France, England and the Holy Land. One branch of the Courtenays became a royal house of the Capetian dynasty, cousins of the Bourbons and the Valois, and achieved the title of Latin Emperor of Constantinople. Origin The house was founded by Athon, the first lord of Courtenay in France. Athon took advantage of the succession crisis in the Duchy of Burgundy between Otto-William, Duke of Burgundy and King Robert II of France to capture a piece of land for himself, where he established his own seigneury (lordship), taking his surname from the town he founded and fortified. Athon was succeeded by his son Joscelin, who had three sons: Miles, who was Lord of Courtenay after him; Prince Joscelin, who joined the First Crusade and became Count of Edessa; and Geoffrey, who also fought in the Holy Land and\n\nV\u00e6r\u00f8y Heliport (; ) is a heliport located at Tobbisodden on the island of V\u00e6r\u00f8ya in V\u00e6r\u00f8y Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The heliport lies close to the village of S\u00f8rland, the municipal centre of the municipality. The airport, operated by the state-owned Avinor, consists of a single helipad and handled 9,420 passengers in 2014. Services are provided by Lufttransport using the AgustaWestland AW139 to the nearby mainland town of Bod\u00f8, based on a public service obligation contract. Wider\u00f8e commenced seaplane operates to V\u00e6r\u00f8y from 1965; five years later the first helicopter services were introduced. Planning of an airport started in the late 1960s, but V\u00e6r\u00f8y Airport did not open until 1986. The fatal Wider\u00f8e Flight 839 accident took place on 12 April 1990, causing the airport to be closed. Helicopter services commenced in 1993 and V\u00e6r\u00f8y Heliport opened in 1997, after several locations had been considered. Services were originally\n\nQuestion: What's V\u00e6r\u00f8y Heliport?", "output": "V\u00e6r\u00f8y Heliport is a heliport located at Tobbisodden on the island of V\u00e6r\u00f8ya in V\u00e6r\u00f8y Municipality in Nordland county, Norway."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The supratrochlear nerve is a branch of the frontal nerve, itself a branch of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) from the trigeminal nerve (CN V). It provides sensory innervation to the skin of the forehead and the upper eyelid. Structure Origin The supratrochlear nerve is the smaller of the two terminal branches of the frontal nerve (the other being the supraorbital nerve). It arises midway between the base and apex of the orbit where the frontal nerve splits into said terminal branches. Course The supratrochlear nerve passes medially above the trochlea of the superior oblique muscle. It then travels anteriorly above the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. It exits the orbit through the supraorbital notch or foramen. It then ascends onto the forehead beneath the corrugator supercilii muscle and frontalis muscle. It finally divides into sensory branches. The supratrochlear nerve travels with the supratrochlear artery, a branch of the ophthalmic artery.\n\nMuhlenbergia schreberi, the nimblewill, is a grass species in the family Poaceae native to North America. Description The nimblewill has purple to green culms that stand erect, and its spikelets are about 2-8\" long. Its panicles are greenish and contain a rachis. Each spikelet has 1-2 glumes that are 0.2 mm long and afterwards the spikelets disarticulate and fall to the ground. The florets of the nimblewill are pollinated by the wind. Turf grass It is considered a southern turf type lawn grass and turns brown in the winter. This makes it a lesser grass for northern climate lawns. It is shade tolerant and tends to spread aggressively once established. Because of its durability in moderately cold temperatures and invasive bug species, this grass can be used to protect certain crops in the American southeast. Ecology This species is eaten by the bug Stenodema vicinum, and is also eaten by\n\nJan Henry Tungeland Olsen (20 August 1956 \u2013 10 July 2018) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He was Minister of Fisheries from 1992 to 1996. He got the nickname \"No-fish Olsen\" during the negotiations of a possible membership for Norway in the European Union, when he said he was not going to give a single fish to the EU. In March 2008, Olsen told the Norwegian newspaper Nordlys that at the age of 51 he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. His wife, Laila Lanes, published the book \"Skynd deg \u00e5 elske\" in 2009, chronicling his life and his struggle with Alzheimer's. A documentary was released in 2011, showing the former politician's battle with the disease over the span of twelve months. Olsen spent his final years in hospice care. He died from the disease on 10 July 2018, aged 61. References 1956 births 2018 deaths Government\n\nQuestion: What is Muhlenbergia schreberi", "output": "Muhlenbergia schreberi, the nimblewill, is a grass species in the family Poaceae native to North America."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Diocese of St Davids is a diocese of the Church in Wales, a church of the Anglican Communion. The diocese covers the historic extent of Ceredigion, Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire, together with a small part of western Glamorgan. The episcopal see is the Cathedral Church of St David in the City of St Davids, Pembrokeshire. The present cathedral, which was begun in 1181, stands on the site of a monastery founded in the 6th century by Saint David. The diocese is divided into the three archdeaconries of St Davids, Carmarthen and Cardigan (additionally, Mones Farah was collated on 12 August 2018 as Archdeacon for New Church Communities). The bishop's residence is Llys Esgob in Abergwili, Carmarthenshire. History The history of the diocese of St Davids is traditionally traced to that saint (Dewi) in the latter half of the 6th century. Records of the history of the diocese before Norman times\n\nThe Arbatel De Magia Veterum () is a Latin grimoire of Renaissance ceremonial magic published in 1575 in Switzerland. Title A. E. Waite assumes that the title is from the (or Arbotal) as the name of an angel the author would have claimed to have learned magic from. Adolf Jacoby believed the name to be a reference to the Tetragrammaton, via the Hebrew ARBOThIM (fourfold) and AL (or God). Peterson, mentioning the above possibilities, also suggests that the title might be the author's pseudonym. Origin The Arbatel is noted for being straightforward in its writing, positive in its contents, and unusually honest regarding its origins. While a number of occult works claim to be from earlier periods and other regions than where they were actually published, textual evidence demonstrates that the book must have been written between 1536 and 1583, which encompasses the claimed date of 1575. The final editing\n\nCone Health is a private, not-for-profit healthcare delivery system based in Greensboro, North Carolina. It includes Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital, Wesley Long Hospital, and Cone Health Behavioral Health Hospital, all located in Greensboro. The Cone Health network also includes Alamance Regional Medical Center (Burlington, North Carolina), Annie Penn Hospital (Reidsville, North Carolina), MedCenter High Point, MedCenter Kernersville, MedCenter Mebane, MedCenter Greensboro and a wide range of primary care and specialty practices staffed by Cone Health Medical Group physicians. The Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital, the flagship of the system, opened in 1953 on near downtown Greensboro. Bertha Cone established it in honor of her husband, Moses H. Cone. Moses Cone was a textile magnate and founder of Cone Mills. Cone Health is active in primary care, cardiology, neuroscience, oncology, orthopedics, rehabilitation, obstetrics and many other specialties. U.S. News & World Report. listed Cone Health hospitals as a 2022-2023 High\n\nQuestion: What is Diocese of St Davids", "output": "The Diocese of St\u00a0Davids is a diocese of the Church in Wales, a church of the Anglican Communion."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rambynas is a hill on the right bank of the Neman River in Rambynas Regional Park, Pag\u0117giai Municipality, western Lithuania. The current hill, about above sea level and about above the Neman, is a remnant of the larger hill that was destroyed by erosion. The hill was known as sacred among locals and played a role in the ceremonies of pagan Lithuanians. It is featured in many local legends and is protected by the state as a mythological object. A large stone at the top of the hill, known as the altar stone, was destroyed by a miller in 1811. Rambynas became popular with Prussian Lithuanians at the end of the 19th century who organized various events, most notably celebrations of the Saint Jonas' Festivals or Rasos (summer solstice), on the hill. They rebuilt the altar in 1928. The hill is popular with Lithuanian neo-pagans and hosts the annual celebrations\n\nPaonias myops, the small-eyed sphinx, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by James Edward Smith in 1797. Distribution It is found from south-eastern Canada to Florida and westward almost to the Pacific Coast. It is also known from Mexico. Description The wingspan is 52\u201369 mm. Adults are more nocturnal than most sphingids; after an initial bout of activity after dusk, they fly throughout the night. Adults are on wing from June to September in eastern Canada. In New Jersey, there are two generations per year and there are four generations in Louisiana. Subspecies Paonias myops myops Paonias myops occidentalis Clark, 1919 (Mexico) References Fullard, James H. & Napoleone, Nadia (2001): Diel flight periodicity and the evolution of auditory defences in the Macrolepidoptera. Animal Behaviour 62(2): 349\u2013368. PDF fulltext External links Midnight racer on National Geographic. Paonias Moths described in 1797 Moths of North America\n\nFateh Jang (Punjabi and ) is a city in Attock District of Punjab Province, Pakistan. It is located from Attock City, and nearly southwest of Islamabad, Pakistan's capital near M1 motorway. Overview The city is located in between Kala Chitta Range and Khairi Murat Range. The New Islamabad International Airport, the largest airport of Pakistan, is located near the city. Fatehjang railway station is one of the important railway stations in the Attock district. It is about 50KM away from Jund City which is the last tehsil of Attock District in Punjab after which the KPK Province starts. History, toponymy and geography According to local tradition, an ancient Hindu king named Raja Indra built a fort here, due to which this settlement came to be known as Indrakot, but its current name is attributed to an elder of the modern settlers here who fought many wars and always won. There\n\nQuestion: What is Fateh Jang", "output": "Fateh Jang is a city in Attock District of Punjab Province, Pakistan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dicrocoelium dendriticum, the lancet liver fluke, is a parasite fluke that tends to live in cattle or other grazing mammals. History of discovery Much of what is presently known about Dicrocoelium dendriticum is the result of the work of the naturalist Wendell Krull. While D. dendriticum was discovered by Rudolphi in 1819 and D. hospes was discovered by Loos in 1899, the full life cycle was not known until Krull and C.R. Mapes published a series of papers from 1951-1953 detailing their observations and experiments. It was known that D. dendriticum affected sheep, but everything else was a mystery. The first link in the chain was the discovery of the first intermediate host, the land snail Cochlicopa lubrica (synonym: Cionella lubrica). Next came the discovery that the slime balls coughed up by the snails could be a potential method of transfer of the parasite. Shortly thereafter, the ant Formica fusca\n\nThe Nancy Reagan defense is a tactic in corporate finance used to counter a takeover or merger bidder who has made a formal bid to shareholders to buy their shares. When the board of directors of the target company meets to consider the bid, they \"just say no.\" For example, in a discussion of a takeover of the Walt Disney Company by Comcast, analyst Andy Kessler on Wall Street Week stated \"there are two great Wall Street defenses. One is the Nancy Reagan defense and the other is the Pac-Man defense, right? And the Nancy Reagan defense is, just say no.\" An early use of the term referred to NCR's takeover defense against AT&T in 1991. The term refers to the \"Just Say No\" anti-drug campaign of the early 1980s and repeated by former United States First Lady Nancy Reagan advocating abstinence from recreational drug use. References Further reading \"Hostile\n\nThe Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (USAC, University of San Carlos of Guatemala) is the largest and oldest university of Guatemala; it is also the fourth founded in the Americas. Established in the Kingdom of Guatemala during the Spanish colony, it was the only university in Guatemala until 1954, although it continues to hold distinction as the only public university in the entire country. The university grew out of the Colegio de Santo Tom\u00e1s de Aquino (Saint Thomas Aquinas High School), founded in 1562 by Bishop Francisco Marroqu\u00edn. After a series of major earthquakes in 1773, which destroyed many parts of the city of Santiago de los Caballeros, the crown authorities ordered the evacuation of the city and the relocation of its government, religious and university functions to the new capital La Nueva Guatemala de la Asunci\u00f3n, the university's present location. In the early years, from the 16th to\n\nQuestion: What's Dicrocoelium dendriticum?", "output": "Dicrocoelium dendriticum, the lancet liver fluke, is a parasite fluke that tends to live in cattle or other grazing mammals."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Rumour File is a morning radio segment on 3AW in Melbourne, Australia which began in 1993 . Listeners are encouraged to call in with rumours they have heard. The segment also runs promotions and games. Rumour File is reported to be one of Melbourne's most popular radio segments. The segment airs weekdays at 7:07am. The segment has a daily winner and a weekly winner. These winners - as well as wildcard entries - go into the draw for the annual prize, which is chosen at random. The winner receives a brand new Lexus. On January 16, 2018, it was announced that the BMW Australian network would be supplying the winning prize. On December 17, 2018 it was announced that Mercedes Berwick would sponsor the 2019 prize. Winners 2005 - Greg 2006 - KuzzNshazziie 2007 - Worldwide-Store (First eBay company to win) 2008 - David 2009 - ? 2010 -\n\nKalvarija () is a town in southwestern Lithuania, located in the Marijampol\u0117 County, close to the border with Poland. Etymology and names Variants of the name include Kalvarijos, Kalvariya, Kalwarja, Kalvarye (Yiddish), Kalwaria (Polish), Kalvarien (German), Calvaria, Kalvaria, Kalwariya, and Kalwarya. The town is named so because it was established in the 17th century as a shrine commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus. History In 1705 the first wooden church was built. In 1713, local Jews received permission from King August II to build a synagogue and Jewish craftsmen were first permitted to practice their crafts without having to be members of the craft guilds. In 1791 Stanis\u0142aw August Poniatowski recognized that Kalvarija had the right to call itself a town and confirmed the municipality's coat of arms. 1840 saw the construction of a new Catholic church, which still stands today. Kalvarija developed rapidly when the new St. Petersburg\u2013Warsaw road was\n\nKIIK-FM (104.9 FM) is a commercial radio station located in DeWitt, Iowa, broadcasting to the Quad Cities, Iowa area on 104.9 FM. Established in 1977 as WRSQ-FM, KIIK-FM is owned by Townsquare Media and broadcasts a country music format. Studios are located in Davenport, with a transmitter located near Eldridge, Iowa. History WGEN-FM The Quad Cities allocation for 104.9 MHz dates to 1977, when the city of license was Geneseo, Illinois. The station signed on as WRSQ-FM, the FM sister station of WGEN (1500 kHz). The station aired country music, along with community and farm news, local sports and St. Louis Cardinals baseball. The call letters were changed to WGEN-FM on October 6, 1980. In 1996, both WGEN and WGEN-FM were sold to Connoisseur Communications, owner of KJOC, KORB, WXLP and KBOB. For a time, the FM station was a repeater of KJOC's AM signal, while the AM signal was\n\nQuestion: What is Rumour File", "output": "The Rumour File is a morning radio segment on 3AW in Melbourne, Australia which began in 1993 ."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Vienna Coronation Gospels, also known simply as the Coronation Gospels (), is a late 8th century illuminated gospel book produced at the court of Charlemagne in Aachen. It was used by the future emperor at his coronation on Christmas Day 800, when he placed three fingers of his right hand on the first page of the Gospel of Saint John and took his oath. Traditionally, it is considered to be the same manuscript that was found in the tomb of Charlemagne when it was opened in the year 1000 by Emperor Otto III. The Coronation Evangeliar cover was created by Hans von Reutlingen, c. 1500. The Coronation Evangeliar is part of the Imperial Treasury (Schatzkammer) in the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria (Schatzkammer, Inv. XIII 18). History The Coronation Evangeliar is the principal work among a small group of manuscripts produced at the court of Charlemagne at Aachen, some\n\nThere are a wide range of ways in which people have represented the Trojan War in literature and the arts. Art Painting The pre-war episodes of Leda and the Swan and the Judgement of Paris were frequent subjects in art from the Renaissance onwards. Laoco\u00f6n, c.1610\u20131614, a painting by El Greco. from The National Gallery of Art Helen of Troy by Evelyn De Morgan Fifty Days at Iliam by Cy Twombly, painted in 1978 Sketches of Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, illustrating the fall of Troy Mosaic In a Roman villa complex at the Rutland (East Midlands, United Kingdom), dating back to the 3rd and 4th century AD, archaeologists discovered a mosaic depicting the fight between Achilles and Hector. Pottery Innumerable ancient items, including: the Trojan War was a classic subject for the Pottery of ancient Greece (for example see the potter Exekias and certain bands of the Fran\u00e7ois Vase). the Mykonos\n\nThe Emirate of Tbilisi ( , ) was a Muslim emirate in Transcaucasia. The Emirs of Tbilisi ruled over the parts of today's eastern Georgia from their base in the city of Tbilisi, from 736 to 1080 (nominally to 1122). Established by the Arabs during their invasions of Georgian lands, the emirate was an important outpost of the Muslim rule in the Caucasus until recaptured by the Georgians under King David IV in 1122. The city continued to serve as the seat of the Georgian kings, while being under the suzerainty of Persia until the Treaty of Turkmenchay. History The Arabs first appeared in Georgia, namely in Kartli (Iberia) in 645. It was not, however, until 735, when they succeeded in establishing their firm control over a large portion of the country. In that year, Marwan II took hold of Tbilisi and much of the neighbouring lands and installed there\n\nQuestion: What is Emirate of Tbilisi?", "output": "The Emirate of Tbilisi was a Muslim emirate in Transcaucasia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In analytic geometry, an asymptote () of a curve is a line such that the distance between the curve and the line approaches zero as one or both of the x or y coordinates tends to infinity. In projective geometry and related contexts, an asymptote of a curve is a line which is tangent to the curve at a point at infinity. The word asymptote is derived from the Greek \u1f00\u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (asumpt\u014dtos) which means \"not falling together\", from \u1f00 priv. + \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd \"together\" + \u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c4-\u03cc\u03c2 \"fallen\". The term was introduced by Apollonius of Perga in his work on conic sections, but in contrast to its modern meaning, he used it to mean any line that does not intersect the given curve. There are three kinds of asymptotes: horizontal, vertical and oblique. For curves given by the graph of a function , horizontal asymptotes are horizontal lines that the graph of\n\nJulius Eduard Ma\u0159\u00e1k (29 March 1832, Litomy\u0161l \u2013 8 October 1899, Prague) was a Czech landscape painter and graphic designer. Life His father was an auditor and land registrar. His first painting lessons came while he was still in the Gymnasium, although he had difficulty deciding between an artistic or a musical career, because several family members were singers and musicians. From 1852 to 1853, he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts, Prague, under Max Haushofer, then attended the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, where his instructors were Leopold Rottmann and Eduard Schleich. From 1855 to 1858, he wandered throughout Bohemia, seeking inspiration, then settled in Vienna. While there, he learned etching, gave drawing lessons, and provided illustrations for several local magazines. Influences from the Barbizon school began to appear in his work, although he had never been to France. He later made a tour of the Balkans and\n\nVB Rocks was a fashion line designed by Victoria Beckham for Rock and Republic. History In 2004, after ending her music career, Victoria Beckham teamed up with Rock and Republic to design her own line of jeans. The original jeans were designed for women to 'lift their bum'. Different types of washes were used and Victoria's Crown logo was put on the back pocket. The jeans were high-end, retailing for $300. The first jeans (originally 2 designs) and T-shirt (with the VB logo) were released in the UK right before the Christmas Shopping Season. Later the line was released in Japan and finally the U.S. In late 2005, Victoria had her first fashion show with her designs on the runway. These included jackets, T-shirts, jeans, and skirts; all of which have yet to be released to the public. In 2006, VB Rocks expanded to include a full women's line, children's\n\nQuestion: What is Julius Ma\u0159\u00e1k?", "output": "Julius Eduard Ma\u0159\u00e1k was a Czech landscape painter and graphic designer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wehrheim is a municipality in Hesse, Germany some 30 km (20 mi) north of Frankfurt am Main. The town's nickname is \"Apfeldorf Wehrheim\" (Apple-village Wehrheim). Geography Location Wehrheim lies from 300 to 600 m above sea level on the north slope of the crest of the Taunus between Bad Homburg and Usingen im Taunus. Neighbouring communities Wehrheim borders in the north on the town of Usingen and the community of Ober-M\u00f6rlen (Wetteraukreis), in the east on the towns of Friedberg and Rosbach (both in the Wetteraukreis), in the south on the towns of Friedrichsdorf and Bad Homburg vor der H\u00f6he, and in the west on the town of Neu-Anspach. Constituent communities The community has four centres named Wehrheim, Obernhain, Pfaffenwiesbach and Friedrichsthal. History The first traces of settlement go back to the Bronze Age. In Wehrheim, a burying ground from the early to middle Urnfield culture (11th to 10th century\n\nKara Janx (born 17 September 1975) is a South African fashion designer best known for her participation as a contestant on the second season of Bravo's Project Runway, which aired from December 2005 to March 2006. Early life Born Kara Jankelowitz, in Johannesburg to an Ashkenazi Jewish family. Career Janx moved to New York City after obtaining a degree in architecture. She then became a fashion designer and launched her first collection in 2002. In 2009 Janx won the title of International Sportswear Designer of the Year, and then in 2011 she launched a successful bridal-wear line. On 14 January 2007, Janx married Sharone Sohayegh (sometimes referred to as Red) in South Africa. Sharone is involved in real estate. Kara gave birth to her first child, a 6 lb. 14 oz daughter named Dylan on 12 November 2007. She gave birth to her second child, a boy named Calum, in\n\nThe current political regime in Angola is presidentialism, in which the President of the Republic is also head of state and government; it is advised by a Council of Ministers, which together with the President form the national executive power. Legislative power rests with the 220 parliamentarians elected to the National Assembly. The President of the Republic, together with the parliament, appoints the majority of the members of the two highest bodies of the judiciary, that is, the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court. The judiciary is still made up of the Court of Auditors and the Supreme Military Court. The Angolan government is composed of three branches of government: executive, legislative and judicial. For decades, political power has been concentrated in the presidency with the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola. History Since the adoption of a new constitution in 2010, the politics of Angola takes place in\n\nQuestion: Who was Kara Janx?", "output": "Kara Janx is a South African fashion designer best known for her participation as a contestant on the second season of Bravo's Project Runway, which aired from December 2005 to March 2006."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The photosynthetic efficiency is the fraction of light energy converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis in green plants and algae. Photosynthesis can be described by the simplified chemical reaction 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + energy \u2192 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 where C6H12O6 is glucose (which is subsequently transformed into other sugars, starches, cellulose, lignin, and so forth). The value of the photosynthetic efficiency is dependent on how light energy is defined \u2013 it depends on whether we count only the light that is absorbed, and on what kind of light is used (see Photosynthetically active radiation). It takes eight (or perhaps ten or more) photons to use one molecule of CO2. The Gibbs free energy for converting a mole of CO2 to glucose is 114 kcal, whereas eight moles of photons of wavelength 600 nm contains 381 kcal, giving a nominal efficiency of 30%. However, photosynthesis can occur with\n\nHerten (; Westphalian: Hi\u00e4tten) is a town and a municipality in the district of Recklinghausen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated in the industrial Ruhr Area, some west of Recklinghausen. Geography Town area Herten covers an area of 37.31 km2, with a maximum north-south extent of 9.5 km, and a maximum east-west extent of 6.5 km. The municipality's highest natural point is in Scherlebeck, close to the border with Recklinghausen, with an altitude of 110 m. Herten is divided into the following urban districts: Neighbouring towns Herten borders Marl in the north, Recklinghausen in the east, Herne in the south, and Gelsenkirchen in the west. History Herten was the seat of the governors of the County of Vest Recklinghausen, an autonomous state within the Archbishopric of Cologne. The first time Herten was mentioned in official documents was in 1050 as Herthene. In 1867 Herten was a village with 891\n\nBig Rideau Lake is a lake in the municipalities of Tay Valley and Drummond/North Elmsley, Lanark County and Rideau Lakes, United Counties of Leeds and Grenville in Eastern Ontario, Canada. The lake is on the border between the two counties, to the southwest of Ottawa. It is long and is wide, is much narrower at its northeastern end than at its southwestern end, and is part of the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin. It is the largest lake on the Rideau Canal, which was designated a UNESCO world heritage site in 2007. Hydrology The primary inflow, at the southwest, is the Rideau River/Rideau Canal from Upper Rideau Lake via The Narrows channel and the Narrows lock and control structures. A second primary inflow is Black Creek at the west. The primary outflow, at the north, is also the Rideau River/Rideau Canal which leads via a channel to Lower Rideau Lake.\n\nQuestion: What's Big Rideau Lake?", "output": "Big Rideau Lake is a lake in the municipalities of Tay Valley and Drummond/North Elmsley, Lanark County and Rideau Lakes, United Counties of Leeds and Grenville in Eastern Ontario, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Drijat (; ), also known as Draijat, is an Arab village in southern Israel. Located in the Negev desert near Arad, between Kuseife and the Yatir Forest, it falls under the jurisdiction of al-Kasom Regional Council. In its population was . History According to its residents, Drijat was established in the 19th century. However, like dozens of other Arab locales in the Negev Desert, was an unrecognized village until 2004, when it joined the Abu Basma Regional Council. It is the only Arab village in the Negev that is not Bedouin; its residents are descended from a long line of fellahin. The ruins of a historical site named Dargot is located in Drijat, which is on the Israel National Trail. In 2009 the village was connected to national water carrier, but remains unconnected to the electricity grid. In 2005, it became the first town in the world to be outfitted\n\nJedediah Smith Redwoods State Park is a state park of California, United States, preserving old-growth redwoods along the Smith River. It is located along U.S. Route 199 approximately east of Crescent City. The park is named after explorer Jedediah Smith, and is one of four parks cooperatively managed as Redwood National and State Parks. The park was established in 1929 and designated part of the California Coast Ranges International Biosphere Reserve in 1983. History The park was named after explorer Jedediah Smith, who was the first American to travel, by land, from the Mississippi River to California in 1826, passing through the area of the future park. Ecology The park consists of of redwood trees, including several groves of old growth trees. One of the groves, totaling , includes the world's largest (not tallest) coast redwood, which measures in diameter and tall. The Smith River, which flows through the park,\n\nThe heart of a Seedy Sunday or Seedy Saturday event is the swapping and sale of seeds of landraces, folk varieties, farmer varieties and heritage seed. Sharing information about the social, cultural and culinary aspects of the seed is an important part of heritage seed saving around the world. Providing education about techniques for seed-saving, small-scale agriculture and horticulture, and about local, national and international laws that affect public-domain crop plants can also be an important part of the event. The titles Seedy Saturday and Seedy Sunday are dedicated to the public domain by the event founder Sharon Rempel. The first Seedy Saturday was held at VanDusen Botanical Garden in Vancouver, Canada, in 1990. History The idea of conserving heritage varieties of garden and field crops was in its infancy in Canada in 1989. It was very difficult to find heritage varieties of vegetables, fruits, flowers and grains. In 1988\n\nQuestion: Define Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park.", "output": "Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park is a state park of California, United States, preserving old-growth redwoods along the Smith River."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A nuclear run-on assay is conducted to identify the genes that are being transcribed at a certain time point. Approximately one million cell nuclei are isolated and incubated with labeled nucleotides, and genes in the process of being transcribed are detected by hybridization of extracted RNA to gene specific probes on a blot. Garcia-Martinez et al. (2004) developed a protocol for the yeast S. cerevisiae (Genomic run-on, GRO) that allows for the calculation of transcription rates (TRs) for all yeast genes to estimate mRNA stabilities for all yeast mRNAs. Alternative microarray methods have recently been developed, mainly PolII RIP-chip: RNA immunoprecipitation of RNA polymerase II with phosphorylated C-terminal domain directed antibodies and hybridization on a microarray slide or chip (the word chip in the name stems from \"ChIP-chip\" where a special Affymetrix GeneChip was required). A comparison of methods based on run-on and ChIP-chip has been made in yeast (Pelechano\n\nMerrilee Rush ( Gunst; January 27, 1944) is an American singer, best known for her recording of the song \"Angel of the Morning\", a top-10 hit which earned her a Grammy nomination for female vocalist of the year in 1968. Early life and career Rush was born in Seattle, Washington to Reuben and Edith Gunst. Her father was a homebuilder. She grew up in north Seattle, and studied classical piano from a young age. In 1960, she auditioned and became the singer for the Amazing Aztecs, a Seattle-area rock & roll band led by saxophone player Neil Rush, whom she would later marry. The two went on to form Merrilee and Her Men, doing mostly cover versions of pop hits, and then joined rhythm and blues group Tiny Tony and the Statics, whose regional hit \"Hey Mrs. Jones\", on the Bolo label, featured Rush's keyboard playing and vocals. Merrilee Rush\n\nHampstead School is a large comprehensive school in the London Borough of Camden, England. The school building is one of the oldest in the borough. It has about 1,300 students between the ages of 11 and 19 attending the Lower School (Year 7 through to Year 11) and the Sixth Form College (Year 12 and Year 13). The current head teacher of Hampstead School is Matt Sadler, when Jacque Szemalikowski resigns in 2020. History The main building on Westbere Road was originally the site of Haberdashers' Aske's Hampstead School having relocated from its Hoxton premises in January 1903 and before moving again to its current location in Elstree to become Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School. Hampstead School was founded as a secondary modern in 1961 and incorporated Harben Secondary Modern School in Netherwood Street, Kilburn, before becoming a comprehensive. The old school's Latin motto Is est emendo; tendo quod macula iocus\n\nQuestion: Define Hampstead School.", "output": "Hampstead School is a large comprehensive school in the London Borough of Camden, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The ethics of care (alternatively care ethics or EoC) is a normative ethical theory that holds that moral action centers on interpersonal relationships and care or benevolence as a virtue. EoC is one of a cluster of normative ethical theories that were developed by some feminists and environmentalists since the 1980s. While consequentialist and deontological ethical theories emphasize generalizable standards and impartiality, ethics of care emphasize the importance of response to the individual. The distinction between the general and the individual is reflected in their different moral questions: \"what is just?\" versus \"how to respond?\" Carol Gilligan, who is considered the originator of the ethics of care, criticized the application of generalized standards as \"morally problematic, since it breeds moral blindness or indifference\". Assumptions of the framework include: persons are understood to have varying degrees of dependence and interdependence; other individuals affected by the consequences of one's choices deserve consideration\n\nPort Rowan is a town in Norfolk County, Ontario, Canada. It is located on Lake Erie, adjacent to Long Point. The lakeside community has a population of fewer than 1500 people and sports a number of traditional small businesses such as Twin's Ice Cream Parlour, which has been operating in the town for decades. Walking through Port Rowan is simple provided that caution is taken around traffic. The streets can get busy at times but the amount of traffic is light compared to cities like Hamilton, Kitchener, or London. Recommended activities include walking, hiking, running, and cycling. While most of the streets have sidewalks, people are safer to walk in a single line. Walking in this community is possible on a year-round basis and most of the streets are gravel unlike Delhi or Langton where the streets are asphalt. Port Rowan is the home of Robert F. Hill, a film\n\nL\u00fcliang (), also spelled as Lvliang or Lyuliang, is a prefecture-level city in the western Shanxi province, People's Republic of China. It borders Shaanxi province across the Yellow River to the west, Jinzhong and the provincial capital of Taiyuan to the east, Linfen to the south, and Xinzhou to the north. It has a total area of and a total population of 3,398,431 inhabitants according to the 2020 Chinese census, of whom 456,355 lived in the Lishi District metropolitan area. History Originally organized by the People's Republic of China as the Jinsui Border Region, the region was sparsely populated in the early 20th century. However, the discovery of coal, iron, and aluminum deposits incentivized economic investment and population growth in the region. In May 1971, L\u00fcliang was established as a Prefecture-level area, and in July 2004 the area L\u00fcliang was reformed into a Prefecture-level city. In 2010, the city had\n\nQuestion: Define L\u00fcliang.", "output": "L\u00fcliang, also spelled as Lvliang or Lyuliang, is a prefecture-level city in the western Shanxi province, People's Republic of China."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bellshill railway station is a railway station in the town of Bellshill, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and served by Argyle Line and Shotts Line services. The station is adjacent to Bellshill Main Street, on Hamilton Road, and was opened by the Caledonian Railway as part of the Cleland and Midcalder Line on 1 May 1879. West of the station, the Glasgow, Bothwell, Hamilton and Coatbridge Railway crossed with a second station in the town to the north west - this ceased to carry passengers back in 1951. The line through the station was electrified as part of the 1974 West Coast Main Line project. Although it is situated east of the Shotts Line's junction with the WCML south of , electric trains can reach Motherwell using a chord line to the route from and Mossend which passes beneath the Shotts route east of the station\n\nThe \u00dahlava () is a river in the Czech Republic, a right tributary of the Radbuza River. It flows through the Plze\u0148 Region. It is long, which makes it the 19th longest river in the Czech Republic. Etymology The name is probably of Slavic origin and is derived from \u00fahel (i.e. 'angle'), which refers to its relatively tortuous course. Characteristic The \u00dahlava originates in the territory of \u017delezn\u00e1 Ruda in the Bohemian Forest at the elevation of , on the slope of the Panc\u00ed\u0159 mountain, and flows to Plze\u0148, where it enters the Radbuza River at the elevation of . It is long, which makes it the 19th longest river in the Czech Republic. Its drainage basin has an area of . The longest tributaries of the \u00dahlava are: Settlements The river flows through the municipal territories of \u017delezn\u00e1 Ruda, Hamry, N\u00fdrsko, Janovice nad \u00dahlavou, Bezd\u011bkov, Klatovy, Dolany, \u0160vihov, \u010cerven\u00e9\n\nColiseo Rub\u00e9n Rodr\u00edguez (English: Ruben Rodr\u00edguez Coliseum) is an indoor sporting arena in Puerto Rico. The coliseum was dedicated to Rub\u00e9n Rodr\u00edguez (former player of the Vaqueros de Bayam\u00f3n). It is located in Bayam\u00f3n, Puerto Rico. It can accommodate up to 12,000 spectators and can be reached by the Tren Urbano system from the Deportivo station. Event uses and history This coliseum had been used for events like: The Miss Universe 2001 pageant Basketball games (Hosting the Bayam\u00f3n Cowboys professional team) Boxing Professional wrestling Volleyball Kickboxing Varied shows Other sports In 2021, the Rub\u00e9n Rodr\u00edguez Coliseum received a $1.1 million allocation of funds for renovations. References Buildings and structures in Bayam\u00f3n, Puerto Rico Indoor arenas in Puerto Rico Basketball venues in Puerto Rico Volleyball venues in Puerto Rico Boxing venues in Puerto Rico Mixed martial arts venues in Puerto Rico 1988 establishments in Puerto Rico Sports venues completed in 1988\n\nQuestion: What is Coliseo Rub\u00e9n Rodr\u00edguez?", "output": "Coliseo Rub\u00e9n Rodr\u00edguez is an indoor sporting arena in Puerto Rico."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Marilou Awiakta (born January 24, 1936 in Knoxville, Tennessee) is an American writer known for her poetry and essays about her experiences growing up in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Biography and career Marilou Awiakta is the seventh generation of her family to grow up in Appalachia, mostly in East Tennessee. Since 1730, her family has lived in the mountainous area of the state. She writes that she is of Scotch-Irish, Appalachian, and Eastern Band Cherokee descent. She self-identifies as Eastern Cherokee, but Awiakta is not a citizen of the Eastern Cherokee Tribe. Awiakta graduated from the University of Tennessee in 1958 receiving a B.A. magna cum laude, in both English and French. Awards Distinguished Tennessee Writer Award, 1989 Appalachian Heritage Writer's Award, Shepherd College, 2000 Books Abiding Appalachia: Where Mountain and Atom Meet. Memphis: Saint Luke's Press, 1978. Rpt. Bell Buckle, TN: Iris Press, 1995. 71 pp. Rp. 2006 Pocahontas Press,\n\nKorla Pandit (September 16, 1921 \u2013 October 2, 1998), born John Roland Redd, was an American musician, composer, pianist, and organist. After moving to California in the late 1940s and getting involved in show business, Redd became known as \"Korla Pandit\", a French-Indian musician from New Delhi, India. However, Redd was actually a light-skinned African-American man from Missouri who passed as Indian. A pathbreaking musical performer in the early days of television, Redd is known for Korla Pandit's Adventures In Music; the show was the first all-music program on television. He also performed live and on radio and made various film appearances, becoming known as the \"Godfather of Exotica\". Redd maintained the Korla Pandit persona\u2014both in public and in private\u2014until the end of his life. Early life, marriage, and family In 1921, John Roland Redd was born in St. Louis, Missouri. His father, Ernest Redd, was an African-American Baptist pastor.\n\n\"Like a Surgeon\" is a song recorded by \"Weird Al\" Yankovic that appears as the opening track on his third studio album, Dare to Be Stupid (1985). It was released as the album's second single on June 4, 1985, by Scotti Brothers Records. It was issued as a 7\", 12\", and picture disc. A parody of the pop song \"Like a Virgin\" by Madonna, its lyrics describe a hospital environment, with the same melody as Madonna's original. The track was written by Yankovic, Tom Kelly and Billy Steinberg, the latter two are credited as co-writers due to the \"Like a Virgin\" sample. Madonna came up with the parody's title, an act Yankovic generally discourages. Rick Derringer served as the executive producer. \"Like a Surgeon\" was well received by music critics, who praised Yankovic's take on Madonna's single. Another critic called it \"as good\" as \"Like a Virgin\". In the United\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Korla Pandit is.", "output": "Korla Pandit, born John Roland Redd, was an American musician, composer, pianist, and organist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Grayson Highlands State Park is a state park located in Grayson County, Virginia, United States. It is adjacent to the Mount Rogers National Recreation Area and lies within the Jefferson National Forest. The park was established in 1965 and contains a total of . The park hosts a number of outdoor activities including hiking, camping, mountainbiking, horseback riding, and backpacking. A 2.8 mile (4.5 km) portion of the Appalachian Trail runs through the park in addition to a number of other hiking and horseback riding trails. The state park is musically notable as the home for the Grayson Highlands Fall Festival as well as weekly jam sessions by local folk musicians, who draw upon the traditional styles of the Blue Ridge area. The park is also home to the Wayne C. Henderson Festival and Guitar Competition, a regionally important festival and guitarist contest named for local notable guitar-maker Wayne Henderson.\n\nBlue laws, also known as Sunday laws, Sunday trade laws and Sunday closing laws, are laws restricting or banning certain activities on specified days, usually Sundays in the western world. The laws were adopted originally for religious reasons, specifically to promote the observance of the Christian day of worship, but since then have come to serve secular purposes as well. Blue laws commonly ban certain business and recreational activities on Sundays and impose restrictions on the retail sale of hard goods and consumables, particularly alcoholic beverages. The laws also place limitations on a range of other endeavors, including travel, fashions, hunting, professional sports, stage performances, movie showings, and gambling. While less prevalent today, blue laws continue to be enforced in parts of the United States and Canada as well as in European countries, such as Austria, Germany, Norway, and Poland, where most stores are required to close on Sundays. In\n\nWalter Richard Szwender is a former provincial level politician and teacher from Alberta, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta from 1982 until 1986. Political career Szwender ran for a seat to the Alberta Legislature and was elected to the electoral district of Edmonton-Belmont in the 1982 Alberta general election. He held the seat for the governing Progressive Conservative caucus. He ran for a second term in office in the 1986 Alberta general election but was defeated in a closely contested race by New Democrat candidate Tom Sigurdson. Szwender finished second out of six candidates. Szwender would face off against Sigurdson three years later in the 1989 election in an attempt to retake Edmonton-Belmont and he was once again defeated, this time by a larger margin. He would attempt another come back to the Alberta Legislature by running in the 2004 provincial election in Edmonton\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Grayson Highlands State Park is.", "output": "Grayson Highlands State Park is a state park located in Grayson County, Virginia, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lewis Edwin Marsh (February 17, 1879 \u2013 March 4, 1936) was a Canadian athlete and referee, and one of the pioneers of sports journalism in Canada, working at the Toronto Star for 43 years. Life and career Marsh was born in Campbellford, Ontario and lived there until the age of nine, when he moved with his family to Toronto, Ontario. At 14, in the first year after the launch of the Toronto Star, Marsh walked into the newspaper's office responding to a want ad and was hired as a copyboy. He rose to junior reporter, reporter, columnist (With Pick and Shovel was the name of his long-running column), assistant sports editor under W. A. Hewitt, and finally, in 1931, sports editor. He held that position until his death in 1936. As an athlete, Marsh's first love was sailing, and through his life he played a wide variety of sports. At\n\nBougatsa ( ) is a Greek breakfast pastry (sweet or savoury) consisting of semolina custard. Origin The name comes from the Byzantine Greek \u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1 (pog\u00e1tsa), from the ancient Roman p\u0101nis foc\u0101cius, literally \"hearth bread\"; cf. Italian focaccia. It may have had a classical origin in the Roman-era placenta cake. A similar dessert is still known as placenta () on the island of Lesbos in Greece. It is found in Thessaloniki and in the Central Macedonia region of Northern Greece, particularly the city of Serres, where it was brought in the 20th century by Greek refugees from Constantinople. The taste of bougatsa varies between regions of Greece. For example, bougatsa in Veria is very sweet and full of cream, while in Thessaloniki it is crunchy and not that sweet, and in Chania Crete it is made of local mizithra cheese and sprinkled with sugar. Preparation Greek bougatsa is prepared from phyllo\n\nThe National Organization of Social Security Claimants' Representatives (NOSSCR), established in 1979, is an association of more than 4,000 attorneys, non-attorney representatives, and paralegals who represent Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income claimants. The organization provides continuing education and training for persons who represent claimants for disability benefits. The organization sponsors twice-a-year meetings with lectures and classes, and provides copies of important decisions, and other useful materials to members. The organization regularly comments on proposed changes in federal disability regulations and is regularly invited to provide testimony to Congress on related matters. The Commissioner of Social Security frequently speaks to NOSSCR meetings, providing updates on the federal programs. NOSSCR recognizes persons who have provided special service to the disabled through the Eileen Sweeney Distinguished Service Award, given to \"individuals whose outstanding service has resulted in a significant improvement in the quality of advocacy for Social Security claimants, a\n\nQuestion: What is National Organization of Social Security Claimants' Representatives?", "output": "The National Organization of Social Security Claimants' Representatives, established in 1979, is an association of more than 4,000 attorneys, non-attorney representatives, and paralegals who represent Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income claimants."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Peter William Connolly FSA (8 May 1935 \u2013 2 May 2012) was a British scholar of the ancient world, Greek and Roman military equipment historian, reconstructional archaeologist and illustrator. He was a regular contributor to such periodicals as the Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies and Roman Frontier Studies. Biography Connolly studied at the Brighton College of Arts and Crafts, and wrote his first book, The Roman Army, in 1975. He also wrote and illustrated books about the ancient world, including Pompeii, Greece and Rome at War, The Greek Armies, The Roman Army, Colosseum: Rome's Arena of Death, and the award-winning Legend of Odysseus. He appeared regularly on television as an expert on ancient armies and their equipment, and in the 1980s presented a series for UK schools called \"An Archaeological Background to the Gospels\" in which he travelled to ancient sites in Israel, illustrating the programmes with his own\n\nThe Palazzo Poli is a palace in Rome, Italy, that was altered in the 18th century to form the backdrop to the Trevi Fountain. History In 1566, Lelio dell'Anguillara, Duke of Ceri, purchased the Palazzo Del Monte. He commissioned the Palazzo Ceri, in honor of himself, and hired the architect Martino Longhi the Elder. In 1591, Martino Longhi the Elder died and the architect Ottaviano Noni was hired to finish the original project. The House of Borromeo inherited Palazzo Ceri and completed multiple renovations and extensions. Eventually, in 1678, the palace was for sale. Purchased by Lucrezia Colonna, who was married to the Duke of Poli, Giuseppe Lotario Conti. Here, the palace changed names again to how it is known today, Palazzo Conti di Poli, or Palazzo Poli. The Conti family was responsible for many more extensions, including purchasing and incorporating of many adjacent buildings which formed the Piazza di\n\nBillingsgate Island, also sometimes known as Bellingsgate Island, was an island off Cape Cod in Massachusetts in the United States. Originally settled as a fishing and whaling community as part of the town of Eastham, Massachusetts, Billingsgate Island was for a long time the site of a lighthouse used as a navigational aid in Cape Cod Bay. Local historians sometimes call it the Atlantis of Cape Cod. The area, which is just south of Great Island at the mouth of Wellfleet Harbor, is now known as Billingsgate Shoal and is visible from mainland Wellfleet at Jeremy Point at low tide. When exposed it is used as a picnic and shellfishing spot; access is by boat. The shoal is frequented by birds, seals, and anglers. History Early European settlers found an abundance of fish in Wellfleet Harbor. They named the area around the harbor Billingsgate after the Billingsgate Fish Market in\n\nQuestion: What is Palazzo Poli", "output": "The Palazzo Poli is a palace in Rome, Italy, that was altered in the 18th century to form the backdrop to the Trevi Fountain."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bursting, or burst firing, is an extremely diverse general phenomenon of the activation patterns of neurons in the central nervous system and spinal cord where periods of rapid action potential spiking are followed by quiescent periods much longer than typical inter-spike intervals. Bursting is thought to be important in the operation of robust central pattern generators, the transmission of neural codes, and some neuropathologies such as epilepsy. The study of bursting both directly and in how it takes part in other neural phenomena has been very popular since the beginnings of cellular neuroscience and is closely tied to the fields of neural synchronization, neural coding, plasticity, and attention. Observed bursts are named by the number of discrete action potentials they are composed of: a doublet is a two-spike burst, a triplet three and a quadruplet four. Neurons that are intrinsically prone to bursting behavior are referred to as bursters and\n\nMagenta Devine (born Kim Taylor; 4 November 1957 \u2013 6 March 2019) was a British television presenter, journalist and music promoter best known for presenting the travel programme Rough Guide and youth programme Reportage on BBC2 in the 1990s. She later presented Young, Gifted and Broke for ITV. Career Devine originally worked for Tony Brainsby, a publicist for Queen, Thin Lizzy and Whitesnake. While still living with boyfriend (ex-Generation X bassist) Tony James, she became the music promoter for James's new band Sigue Sigue Sputnik. She began her television career in 1986 as a presenter of BBC Wales's pop music show Juice. Following her breakup with James, producer Janet Street-Porter booked Devine to be a presenter on Channel 4's youth programme Network 7. She then moved after Street-Porter to BBC2 to present DEF II, of which Rough Guide was a feature before it became a separate programme. Devine appeared on\n\nEquine nasal cysts are abnormal fluid filled sacs which occur inside the nasal sinuses of horses. The cysts are lined with epithelium, and usually occur in the ventral conchae or maxillary sinuses, most commonly in horses less than one year old. Surgical removal of the cyst has a good prognosis for the horse. Characteristics The most common sign of a nasal cyst is facial swelling, with obstruction of the nasal passage. Sometimes, a mucoid nasal discharge occurs, which is caused by obstruction to mucociliary clearance, and therefore does not resolve following antibiotic treatment. If the cyst is located in the caudal maxillary sinus, it may cause the eyeball on the affected side to bulge out of the orbit, known as exophthalmos. Diagnosis Radiographs generally provide better results than endoscopic examination when diagnosing these problems; multiloculated densities and fluid lines show up more readily in the sinuses, occasionally with dental displacement\n\nQuestion: Define Equine nasal cysts.", "output": "Equine nasal cysts are abnormal fluid filled sacs which occur inside the nasal sinuses of horses."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "AnimaminA is the debut EP by Icelandic string quartet amiina. The EP was first published in early December 2004 by Smekkleysa in Iceland, and then in mid-2005 by The Workers Institute in the United States and Speak N Spell in Australia. Its title was a palindrome based on the band's name, which at the time of the EP's publication was am\u00edna. (It has now been changed to amiina to avoid disputes with another group of the same name.) The EP is composed of four tracks and is predominantly strings, electronic samples, and experimental instrumentation, such as the use of drinking glasses to generate sound or the playing of a saw with a bow. The album's sound is reminiscent of fellow Icelandic artists Sigur R\u00f3s and M\u00fam though their style remains largely disparate from either, and have collaborated with the former. Track listing \"Skakka\" \u2013 4:13 \"Hemipode\" \u2013 4:29 \"Fjarskanistan\" \u2013\n\nSvetlana Sergeyevna Zhurova (; born 7 January 1972) is a speed skater from Russia and a deputy at the State Duma of the Russian Federation. Career Zhurova has been competing internationally since 1989, took part in four Olympics, but did not win her first Olympic medal until her fourth Olympics, winning Olympic gold in Turin in 2006, two years after mothering a child. She also became Sprint World Champion in 2006. After her sporting career she became a politician and became Vice Speaker of the fifth State Duma as part of the ruling United Russia party. Sanctions On December 9, 2014, Zhurova was sanctioned by the United Kingdom after she voted in favor of a bill making the Republic of Crimea a federal subject of Russia earlier that year. Ten days later, Zhurova was placed on the Canadian sanctions list for the Ukrainian crisis. In 2023, she criticized at the\n\nEug\u00e8ne Deloncle (20 June 1890 \u2013 17 January 1944) was a French politician and fascist leader who founded the organisation \u201cSecret Committee of Revolutionary Action\" (CSAR), better known as . He became a prominent Nazi collaborator during World War II. Early life and war service Antoine Octave Eug\u00e8ne Deloncle was born on 20 June 1890 in Brest, Brittany, France. His parents were Antoine Charles Louis Deloncle and Anna Ange Marie Grossetti. His father died in tragic circumstances in 1898 when his son was 8. He was the captain of the French transatlantic liner SS La Bourgogne accidentally rammed in thick fog by the sailing ship Cromartyshire off Sable Island with a high death toll. Captain Deloncle did his best to organize rescue in difficult circumstances and refusing to leave the bridge went down with his ship. Eug\u00e8ne Deloncle was a graduate of the \u00c9cole Polytechnique, and worked as a naval\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Svetlana Zhurova.", "output": "Svetlana Sergeyevna Zhurova is a speed skater from Russia and a deputy at the State Duma of the Russian Federation."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Skull the Slayer (James Patrick Scully) is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character debuted in his own book in August 1975. Creation The idea for Skull the Slayer came to Marv Wolfman in 1973, while working as an assistant editor for DC Comics. Wolfman stated the basic concept: Publication history Skull the Slayer had his own ongoing series starting in August 1975, which ran for eight issues. He appeared later in Quasar, Fantastic Four, X-Men, and Squadron Supreme series. Fictional character biography Skull the Slayer is a trained soldier turned superhero who wears a Scorpion power belt that enhances his strength and durability. The belt also has preservative effects on his body's metabolism. On one occasion, Scully was able to funnel energy into explosive force. The full capabilities of the belt are unknown. Jim Scully was an adventurer whose plane went through a\n\nThe Atlantic County Board of Chosen Freeholders is a body of nine people that govern Atlantic County, New Jersey alongside the county executive. The members of the board are referred to as freeholders. Background The members of the board are elected in two different ways. Five of the members are elected from popular vote through districts. The last four are elected from an at-large popular vote. Atlantic County adopted the executive form of government. The freeholders create the laws of the county. Districts 1st District Townships: Atlantic City, Egg Harbor, Pleasantville. 2nd District Townships: Atlantic City, Egg Harbor, Linwood, Long Port, Margate, Northfield, Somers Point, Ventnor. 3rd District Townships: Egg Harbor, Hamilton Township. 4th District Townships: Absecon, Brigantine, Galloway Township, Port Republic. 5th District Townships: Buena Borough, Buena Township, Corbin City, Egg Harbor City, Estell Manor, Folsom Borough, Hamilton Township, Hammonton, Mullica Township, Weymouth. Party affiliation Freeholders References Atlantic County,\n\nMitchell Shannon Berger (born June 24, 1972) is a Canadian former professional football player who was a punter in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Colorado Buffaloes and was selected by the Philadelphia Eagles in the sixth round of the 1994 NFL Draft. Berger has also been a member of the Cincinnati Bengals, Chicago Bears, Indianapolis Colts, Green Bay Packers, Minnesota Vikings, St. Louis Rams, New Orleans Saints, Arizona Cardinals, Pittsburgh Steelers and Denver Broncos. He won Super Bowl XLIII with the Steelers against the Cardinals. Early years Berger attended North Delta Senior Secondary School in Delta, British Columbia and was a letterman in football and basketball. In football, as a senior, he won All-Provincial honours as both, a kicker and as a punter, and was also the team's starting quarterback. In basketball, he won All-Provincial honours. Mitch Berger graduated from North Delta Secondary School\n\nQuestion: Define Skull the Slayer.", "output": "Skull the Slayer is a character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ellesmere Port railway station is located in the town of Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, England. The station was an intermediate through station on the Hooton\u2013Helsby line. Now all passenger services terminate at the station from both directions. It is both a terminus of the Wirral Line, a commuter rail system operated by Merseyrail and of Northern Trains services to Warrington Bank Quay. Departures and arrivals of Merseyrail services are on platform 1 with departures and arrivals to Warrington Bank Quay on platform 2. History The station is situated on the branch of the Birkenhead Railway from Hooton to Helsby which opened in 1863. The station itself opened on 1 July 1863, as Whitby Locks. It was renamed Ellesmere Port on 1 September 1870. The station building is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. Ellesmere Port became part of the Merseyrail network in\n\nChamar (or Jatav) is a Dalit community classified as a Scheduled Caste under modern India's system of affirmative action. They are found throughout the Indian subcontinent, mainly in the northern states of India and in Pakistan and Nepal. History The Chamars are traditionally associated with leather work. Ramnarayan Rawat posits that the association of the Chamar community with a traditional occupation of tanning was constructed, and that the Chamars were instead historically agriculturists. The term chamar is used as a pejorative word for dalits in general. It has been described as a casteist slur by the Supreme Court of India and the use of the term to address a person as a violation of the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989. In reference to villages of Rohtas and Bhojpur district of Bihar, prevalence of a practice was revealed, in which it was obligatory for the women\n\nSparkman & Stephens is a naval architecture and yacht brokerage firm with offices in Newport, Rhode Island and Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA. The firm performs design and engineering of new and existing vessels for pleasure, commercial, and military use. Sparkman & Stephens also acts as a yacht and ship brokerage. The firm offers similar design and engineering services for the performance optimization of existing yachts. Their designs have won most of the major international yacht races such as the America's Cup, for several decades, including a string of victories in the Fastnet and Sydney to Hobart as well as winning twice the Whitbread Round the World Race by Sayula II in 1974 and Flyer in 1978. S&S has a number of custom yacht design projects as well as being designers for boat builders such as Nautor's Swan, Grand Banks Yachts, and Morris Yachts. With more than 100 units built, the\n\nQuestion: What's Ellesmere Port railway station?", "output": "Ellesmere Port railway station is located in the town of Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\u00c1ed mac Cin\u00e1eda (Modern Scottish Gaelic: Aodh mac Choinnich; ; Anglicized: Hugh; died 878) was a son of Cin\u00e1ed mac Ailp\u00edn. He became king of the Picts in 877, when he succeeded his brother Constant\u00edn mac Cin\u00e1eda. He was nicknamed \u00c1ed of the White Flowers, the wing-footed () or the white-foot (). Sources The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba says of \u00c1ed: \"Edus [\u00c1ed] held the same [i.e., the kingdom] for one year. The shortness of his reign has bequeathed nothing memorable to history. He was slain in the civitas of Nrurim.\" Nrurim is unidentified. The Annals of Ulster say that, in 878, \"\u00c1ed mac Cin\u00e1eda, king of the Picts, was killed by his associates.\" Tradition, reported by George Chalmers in his Caledonia (1807), and by the New Statistical Account (1834\u20131845), has it that the early-historic mound of the Cunninghillock by Inverurie is the burial place of \u00c1ed. This\n\nGeorgia Avenue is a major north-south artery in Northwest Washington, D.C., and Montgomery County, Maryland. Within the District of Columbia and a short distance in Silver Spring, Maryland, Georgia Avenue is also U.S. Route 29. Howard University is located on Georgia Avenue. Geography Georgia Avenue begins north of Florida Avenue, which was the boundary of the Old City, and is a continuation of 7th Street. Traveling northward, the street passes Howard University and Fort Stevens. At Eastern Avenue, the road crosses into Montgomery County and passes through Silver Spring. Where it crosses Colesville Road a mile into Maryland, Georgia Avenue splits off U.S. Route 29 and becomes Maryland State Highway 97. Georgia Avenue ends at the boundary with Howard County, where it becomes Roxbury Mills Road. The total length of the road is about 24 miles (39 km), of which 5 miles (8 km) are in Washington, D.C. History The\n\nOrenda Fink is an American singer, musician, and writer. Perhaps best known as half of the duo Azure Ray, Fink is also a member of Art in Manila, O+S, Closeness, and High Up, and has played with or appeared as a guest on records by Bright Eyes, Conor Oberst, Moby, The Faint, Pete Yorn, and others. She is married to Todd Fink (formerly Todd Baechle) of The Faint. Biography Born in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1975, Fink started her musical career at the age of fifteen in the band Little Red Rocket. The band released two CDs, Who Did You Pay (1997, Tim/Kerr) and It's in the Sound (2000, Monolyth Record Group). After the group disbanded, Fink and her bandmate Maria Taylor moved to Athens, Georgia, where they formed Azure Ray. (Drummer Louis Schefano would go on to be a founding member of Remy Zero). The pair signed to Warm Records\n\nQuestion: What is Georgia Avenue?", "output": "Georgia Avenue is a major north-south artery in Northwest Washington, D.C., and Montgomery County, Maryland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "(5 July 1951 \u2013 22 August 2013), known primarily by the stage name was a Japanese singer and actress. She had success in Japan in the 1960s and 1970s with her ballad-type songs. She was married on-and-off with Utada Teruzane, and was the mother of Japanese pop singer Hikaru Utada. Life and career Fuji (sometimes credited as Keiko Fujita) was born in Iwate Prefecture, where her father was a singer. Her mother was a player . As a child, Fuji sometimes accompanied her parents and sang with them when they were on tour. Her song \"Keiko no Yume wa Yoru Hiraku\" (Keiko's version of \"Yume wa Yoru Hiraku\") won the Mass Popularity Award at the Japan Record Awards in 1970. She also performed this song in the 21st K\u014dhaku Uta Gassen New Year's Eve TV special. Her debut album, , released 5 March 1970, topped the Oricon album chart for\n\nBritish Airways (BA) is the flag carrier of the United Kingdom. It is headquartered in London, England, near its main hub at Heathrow Airport. The airline is the second largest UK-based carrier, based on fleet size and passengers carried, behind easyJet. In January 2011 BA merged with Iberia, creating the International Airlines Group (IAG), a holding company registered in Madrid, Spain. IAG is the world's third-largest airline group in terms of annual revenue and the second-largest in Europe. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and in the FTSE 100 Index. British Airways is the first passenger airline to have generated more than US$1 billion on a single air route in a year (from 1 April 2017, to 31 March 2018, on the New York-JFK - London-Heathrow route). BA was created in 1974 after a British Airways Board was established by the British government to manage the two nationalised\n\nAdam Smith (baptised 1723 \u2013 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. Seen by some as \"The Father of Economics\" or \"The Father of Capitalism\", he wrote two classic works, The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). The latter, often abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations, is considered his magnum opus and the first modern work that treats economics as a comprehensive system and as an academic discipline. Smith refuses to explain the distribution of wealth and power in terms of God's will and instead appeals to natural, political, social, economic and technological factors and the interactions between them. Among other economic theories, the work introduced Smith's idea of absolute advantage. Smith studied social philosophy at the University\n\nQuestion: Who is Keiko Fuji", "output": ", known primarily by the stage name  was a Japanese  singer and actress."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "M\u012br\u0101nsh\u0101h ()() is a small town that is the administrative headquarters of North Waziristan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Miranshah lies on the banks of the Tochi River in a wide valley surrounded by the foothills of the Hindu Kush mountains. It is located at an elevation of about , from the Pakistan-Afghanistan border (Durand Line). The nearest city in Pakistan is Bannu, about to the east, while the nearest city across the border in Afghanistan is Khost, to the northwest. The city has a shrinking population of only 4,361, and it has only 356 households. This makes it the least populous urban area in Bannu Division, but it is also the only urbanized area in the entire region of North Waziristan, and also the entire Waziristan region, a mountainous area that has 99% of its 1.22 million residents living in rural areas. Administration Miranshah is the administrative headquarters\n\nNicholas Ware (February 16, 1776September 7, 1824) was a United States senator from Georgia. Ware was born in Caroline County, Virginia and later moved with his parents to Edgefield, South Carolina and a few years later to Augusta, Georgia. He received a thorough English education and studied medicine. He studied law in Augusta as well as at the Litchfield Law School in Litchfield, Connecticut. He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Augusta. From 1808 to 1811 and in 1814\u20131815, Ware was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives. He was elected as mayor of Augusta, serving from 1819 to 1821. That year the Georgia legislature elected him as a Democratic-Republican (later as a Crawford Republican) to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Freeman Walker; he served from November 10, 1821, until his death in New York City in 1824. Ware\n\nRobert William Dewar Boyce (born 1943, in Montreal) is a professional historian and was (until his retirement) a senior lecturer in International History at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). His main fields of interest are French external relations in the twentieth century, the role of economics, business and banking in modern international relations, Canadian external relations since 1900, and the modern history of international communications. Boyce earned his BA from Wilfrid Laurier University, his MA from the Institute of United States Studies, and his PhD from the London School of Economics. After completing his PhD, he was a research associate at the LSE Centre for International Studies before joining the Department of International History as a lecturer in 1977. He has been a visiting professor at the University of Toronto and the University of Paris IV: Paris-Sorbonne. He has made a significant number of publications in\n\nQuestion: What is Miranshah?", "output": "M\u012br\u0101nsh\u0101h  is a small town that is the administrative headquarters of North Waziristan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "HM Prison Acklington was a Category C men's prison, located near the village of Acklington a few miles from Amble), in Northumberland, England. Acklington Prison was operated by Her Majesty's Prison Service. In 2011 Acklington was merged into the newly named HM Prison Northumberland. HMP Acklington was the most northerly adult prison in England, and was built on the site of the former RAF Acklington airfield. History Acklington Prison opened in 1972, and was soon branded a holiday camp by the local media due to lax security and comfortable conditions for inmates. When the prison's security problems were at their worst, there were 14 escapes in one year. A review of security was undertaken in 1990 after a spate of escapes, including one in which a jogger trotted away from a supervised group and scaled the fence. Several weeks later two inmates hijacked a milk float and used it to\n\nTask Force Tripoli (TFT) was a United States Marine Corps air-ground task force formed after the fall of Baghdad during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. This ad-hoc formation was tasked with continuing the attack north to secure the city of Tikrit. It was commanded by Brigadier General John F. Kelly, then Assistant Division Commander of the 1st Marine Division. Within 12 hours of tasking, the Marines were able to put together a convoy of 600 vehicles and 4,000 troops for the mission. The unit was composited on April 12, 2003, in a staging area east of Baghdad and had secured Tikrit by April 15. It is the first time that the Marine Corps ever employed an entire LAV regiment and marked the farthest inland that Marine Forces had ever advanced. Order of Battle Task Force units included: 1st Marine Division Jump Headquarters 1st Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion 2nd Light Armored\n\nPeter Snowdon is a contemporary historian and journalist. Educated at St. Dunstan's College, Durham University and the London School of Economics, he has collaborated with Anthony Seldon on a number of books, including the authorised biography of John Major, Major: A Political Life (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1997), Blair (Simon & Schuster, 2004) and Blair Unbound (Simon & Schuster, 2007). He has written articles on the Conservative Party in several academic journals, including The Political Quarterly and Parliamentary Affairs. He has also contributed to Parliamentary Monitor, Parliamentary Brief and Newsweek. He is an occasional columnist for the Yorkshire Post and has appeared as a commentator on television and radio in the UK and abroad. He currently works for BBC political programmes, having previously worked at London Weekend Television. Books and publications Author, Back from the Brink: The Extraordinary Fall and Rise of the Conservative Party (September 2010) Co-author, Blair Unbound with\n\nQuestion: Define HM Prison Acklington.", "output": "HM Prison Acklington was a Category C men's prison,  located near the village of Acklington a few miles from Amble), in Northumberland, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Choum () is a town in northern Mauritania, lying in the Adrar Region close to the border with Western Sahara. In the year 2000, Choum had a population of 2,735. History The town grew from its position on trans-Saharan trading routes. It declined with the trade, and, in 1977, was attacked by French troops as a suspected base of the Polisario Front, the national liberation movement fighting for independence for the Western Sahara. Fortifications from the period survive around the town. Transport Choum is a stop on the Mauritania Railway from Nouadhibou on the Atlantic coast to Zou\u00e9rat, and a transport interchange for access to the Adrar Plateau and the Mauritanian capital Nouakchott. Railway tunnel The town stands on a spur of land which carries the major turning-point in the border between Mauritania and the Western Sahara. In the early 1960s, the French colonial authorities in Mauritania wished to build\n\nRobert Ben Garant, credited earlier in his career as Ben Garant, is an American actor, comedian, screenwriter, producer and director. He has a long professional relationship with Thomas Lennon and Kerri Kenney-Silver from their time on the sketch-comedy show The State, the cop show spoof Reno 911!, and numerous screenwriting collaborations. Early life Garant was born in Cookeville, Tennessee, and grew up in Farragut, Tennessee. He lived in New York City for several years and attended the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University. While at NYU he was a member of sketch comedy troupe The State. Career Garant was a cast member on the 1993-1995 MTV sketch comedy series The State. In 2003, Garant, Thomas Lennon and Kerri Kenney-Silver, all members of The State, created the mockumentary show Reno 911!, which aired on Comedy Central; Garant appeared on the show as Deputy Travis Junior. Garant and Lennon\n\nBolgatty Palace is a former palace built by the Dutch in India on Bolgatty Island in Kochi, Kerala. History One of the oldest existing Dutch palaces outside Holland, the palace was built in 1744 by Dutch traders and later extended and gardens were landscaped around it. The building was then the Governor's palace for the commander of Dutch Malabar, and in 1909 was leased to the British. It served as the home of the British governors, being the seat of the British Resident of Cochin during the British Raj. In 1947, when India attained independence, the palace became the property of the state and was converted into a heritage hotel resort. Facilities Bolgatty Palace has a swimming pool, 9-hole golf course, ayurvedic centre, and daily Kathakali performances and is a holiday destination for tourists. There is in a temple dedicated to Shiva that is the first of its kind in\n\nQuestion: What's Bolgatty Palace?", "output": "Bolgatty Palace is a former palace built by the Dutch in India on Bolgatty Island in Kochi, Kerala."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Catholic Church in Belarus is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. The first Latin Church diocese in Belarus was established in Tura\u016d between 1008 and 1013. In the subsequent centuries, Catholicism gradually became a dominant religion of Belarusian nobility (the szlachta) and of a large part of the population of West Belarus. Description According to official government data, , there were 674,500 Catholics in the country, about 7.1% of the total population. Figures in 2020 state that 10.58% of the population is Catholic. Other surveys put the figure as much higher. Most Catholics belong to the Latin Church. A small minority are Eastern Catholics who worship according to the Byzantine Rite, forming the Belarusian Greek Catholic Church. Polish and Lithuanian minorities in Belarus are predominantly Latin-Rite Catholics. The Greek Catholics are mostly ethnic Belarusians, with some Ukrainians. Hierarchy The numbers\n\nThe Mysian language was spoken by Mysians inhabiting Mysia in north-west Anatolia. Little is known about the Mysian language. Strabo noted that it was, \"in a way, a mixture of the Lydian and Phrygian languages\". As such, the Mysian language could be a language of the Anatolian group. However, a passage in Athenaeus suggests that the Mysian language was akin to the barely attested Paeonian language of Paeonia, north of Macedon. Inscription Only one inscription is known that may be in the Mysian language. It has seven lines of about 20 signs each, written from right to left (sinistroverse), but the first two lines are very incomplete. The inscription dates from between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE and was found in 1926 by Christopher William Machell Cox and Archibald Cameron in \u00dcy\u00fccek village, 15 km due south of Tav\u015fanl\u0131, in the Tav\u015fanl\u0131 district of K\u00fctahya province, near the outskirts\n\nThe economy of Burundi is $3.436 billion by gross domestic product as of 2018, being heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for 32.9% of gross domestic product as of 2008. Burundi itself is a landlocked country lacking resources, and with almost nonexistent industrialization. Agriculture supports more than 70% of the labor force, the majority of whom are subsistence farmers. Although Burundi is potentially sufficient in food production, civil unrest, overpopulation, and soil erosion have contributed to the contraction of the subsistence economy by 25% in recent years. Large numbers of internally displaced persons have been unable to produce their own food and are largely dependent on international humanitarian assistance. Burundi is a net food importer, with food accounting for 17% of imports in 1997. Burundi is a least developed country according to the United Nations. Agriculture Burundi produced in 2018: 2.3 million tons of cassava; 1.6 million tons of banana;\n\nQuestion: What is Mysian language?", "output": "The Mysian language was spoken by Mysians inhabiting Mysia in north-west Anatolia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tursunzoda (; also Tursunzade from ) is a city in western Tajikistan, known for its aluminium smelting plant TadAZ. It is located 60 km west of Dushanbe (40 km west of Hisor), near the border with Uzbekistan. It is near several rivers, Shirkent and Karatag immediately to the west and east of the city, and Kofarnihon further east. Its population is estimated at 55,700 for the city proper and 298,800 for the city with the outlying communities (2020). Its population was given as 40,600 in the 1989 census, falling to 39,000 in 2000, and estimated at 37,000 in 2006. The city has two television stations, TV-REGAR and TV-TADAZ, two newspapers, Aluminiy Tojikiston and Regar, and a radio station. Tursunzoda is home to football club Regar-TadAZ Tursunzoda. History Tursunzoda was originally the village of Regar, meaning \"a town on sand\". In 1978, the town and with it the whole district were\n\nJaco Van Dormael (born 9 February 1957) is a Belgian film director, screenwriter and playwright. His films especially focus on a respectful and sympathetic portrayal of people with mental and physical disabilities. Van Dormael spent his childhood travelling around Europe, before going on to study filmmaking at the INSAS in Brussels, where he wrote and directed his first short film, Maedeli la br\u00e8che (1981), which received the Honorary Foreign Film Award at the Student Academy Awards. Van Dormael's feature debut, Toto le h\u00e9ros (1991), won the Cam\u00e9ra d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. Five years later, Le huiti\u00e8me jour (1996) played at Cannes, where his two leading actors, Daniel Auteuil and Pascal Duquenne, were jointly awarded the prize for Best Actor. His third feature film, Mr. Nobody (2009), won six Magritte Awards, including Best Film and Best Director. Early life Jaco Van Dormael was born in Ixelles. Belgium, on 9\n\nPaul Lee Willson (born December 25, 1945) is an American film, television and voice actor well known for many roles, including as Paul Krapence on Cheers. Early life He was born in Fairmont, Minnesota, the son of Doris Geraldine and Lee Wilford Willson, and was raised in San Francisco, California. He attended Reed College in Portland, Oregon, where he began performing in improvisational theatre. Career Willson has played numerous guest characters on a variety of shows including Laverne & Shirley as Eraserhead in episode \"A Date with Eraserhead\", and Full House as Stu in episode \"Crimes and Michelle's Demeanor\" in 1990, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Boston Public, Caroline in the City, The Newsroom and Star Trek: Voyager. He is perhaps most famous for his repeated guest character of Paul Krapence on the television show Cheers (which he also reprised in an episode of the Cheers spin-off, Frasier). His character was originally\n\nQuestion: What's Tursunzoda?", "output": "Tursunzoda is a city in western Tajikistan, known for its aluminium smelting plant TadAZ."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In neuroanatomy, the parieto-occipital sulcus (also called the parieto-occipital fissure) is a deep sulcus in the cerebral cortex that marks the boundary between the cuneus and precuneus, and also between the parietal and occipital lobes. Only a small part can be seen on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, its chief part being on the medial surface. The lateral part of the parieto-occipital sulcus (Fig. 726) is situated about 5 cm in front of the occipital pole of the hemisphere, and measures about 1.25 cm. in length. The medial part of the parieto-occipital sulcus (Fig. 727) runs downward and forward as a deep cleft on the medial surface of the hemisphere, and joins the calcarine fissure below and behind the posterior end of the corpus callosum. In most cases, it contains a submerged gyrus. Function The parieto-occipital lobe has been found in various neuroimaging studies, including PET (positron-emission-tomography) studies, and\n\nMargaret of Citt\u00e0 di Castello (1287 \u2013 12 April 1320) was an Italian Roman Catholic and professed member of the Third Order of Saint Dominic. Margaret had disabilities and became known for her deep faith and holiness. Her parents abandoned her in a local church due to her disabilities and the town's poor took her in and assumed care for her. Nuns later offered her a home at their convent but soon came to detest her presence and cast her out, prompting the town's poor to once again take her in and care for her. But she met with Dominican friars and was accepted as a secular member in their third order; she started a school for children to teach them in the faith and often took care of children while their parents were out at work. Margaret's holiness was apparent to all in her life that people lobbied for\n\nThe Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, is an international cricket stadium in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is owned and operated by Hyderabad Cricket Association (HCA). It is the home ground of Hyderabad cricket team and Hyderabad women's cricket team. Located in the eastern suburb of Uppal, it has a Seating capacity of 55,000 and extends across 15 acres of land. It serves as the home ground IPL team Sunrisers Hyderabad. As of 18 October 2023, it has hosted 5 Tests, 10 ODIs, and 3 T20Is. The stadium hosted the first, the final game of 2017 IPL edition, and the final of 2019 IPL. The stadium hosted its first ICC event in October 2023 during the 2023 Cricket World Cup. It is renamed after the former prime minister of India Rajiv Gandhi. History Before the stadium was built, HCA hosted domestic and international matches at the Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium in\n\nQuestion: What's Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium?", "output": "The Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, is an international cricket stadium in Hyderabad, Telangana, India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Count Fleet Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race run at Aqueduct Racetrack, located in Jamaica, New York, at the beginning of January each year. It is the first stakes race of the year run in New York City for three-year-olds. Named after Count Fleet, the 1943 Triple Crown winner, the race is open to three-year-olds willing to race one mile and seventy yards on the inner dirt track. Offering a purse of $65,000 added, the race is a prep to the Whirlaway Stakes, the Gotham Stakes, the Bay Shore Stakes and the Wood Memorial Stakes. Inaugurated in 1975 as the Count Fleet Handicap at Belmont Park, it was run that year at a distance of one mile. In 1976 it was raced at seven furlongs then from 1977 through 1983 at a mile and a sixteenth. It has been contested at a mile and seventy yards since 1984.\n\nEd\u00e9ia is a municipality in south-central Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. Municipal Boundaries Ed\u00e9ia is in the Vale do Rio dos Boisstatistical micro-region and has municipal boundaries with: north: Indiara west: Acre\u00fana and Turvel\u00e2ndia east: Edealina south: Pontalina and Vicentin\u00f3polis Highway connections with the state capital, Goi\u00e2nia, are made by BR-060 / Guap\u00f3 / Cezarina / Indiara / GO-320. Political data Eligible voters: 7,839 (12/2007) Mayor: Elson Tavares de Freitas (January 2005) Vice-mayor: Amilson Ferreira Borges Councilmembers: 09 Demographic data Population density: 7.01 inhabitants/km2 (2003) Population growth rate 2000/2007: 0.05% Population in 1980: 12,597 Population in 1991: 8,999 Urban population in 2007: 8,511 Rural population in 2007: 1,740 Economic data Industrial units: 10 (06/2007) Retail units: 117 (August/2007) Banking institutions: Banco do Brasil S.A. - Banco Ita\u00fa S.A. (08/2007) Automobiles: 1,092 in 2007 Cooperatives: Coop. Educacional de Ed\u00e9ia Ltda - CEDEL Agriculture Cattle: 79,439 head (2006) Cotton 360 ha. /648 tons Corn:\n\nAntoine-Laurent de Lavoisier ( ; ; 26 August 17438 May 1794), also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution, was a French nobleman and chemist who was central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and who had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology. It is generally accepted that Lavoisier's great accomplishments in chemistry stem largely from his changing the science from a qualitative to a quantitative one. Lavoisier is most noted for his discovery of the role oxygen plays in combustion. He recognized and named oxygen (1778) and hydrogen (1783), and opposed phlogiston theory. Lavoisier helped construct the metric system, wrote the first extensive list of elements, and helped to reform chemical nomenclature. He predicted the existence of silicon (1787) and discovered that, although matter may change its form or shape, its mass always remains the same. His wife and laboratory assistant, Marie-Anne Paulze\n\nQuestion: Define Ed\u00e9ia.", "output": "Ed\u00e9ia is a municipality in south-central Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Parc and Dare Hall, now known as the Park and Dare Theatre (), is a former Miners' institute but now serves as a large entertainment venue in the village of Treorchy, in the Rhondda Valley of Wales. Since the demolition of the Abercynon Workingmen's Hall, the Parc and Dare Workingmen's Hall is the largest in the South Wales Coalfield. It is a Grade II* listed building. History The Parc and Dare Hall was built in 1892, and began its life as a working men's library and institute. The workers of the Park and the Dare Collieries funded the building by a donating a penny from each pound of their wages. It was a place where the miners could meet and socialise and featured a bar and a library. In the early twentieth century work began on the Parc and Dare Hall, adding a large theatre, initially to be used\n\nCitipati (; meaning \"funeral pyre lord\") is a genus of oviraptorid dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous period, about 75 million to 71 million years ago. It is mainly known from the Ukhaa Tolgod locality at the Djadochta Formation, where the first remains were collected during the 1990s. The genus and type species Citipati osmolskae were named and described in 2001. A second species from the adjacent Zamyn Khondt locality may also exist. Citipati is one of the best-known oviraptorids thanks to a number of well-preserved specimens, including individuals found in brooding positions atop nests of eggs, though most of them were initially referred to the related Oviraptor. These nesting specimens have helped to solidify the link between non-avian dinosaurs and birds. Citipati was among the largest oviraptorids; it is estimated to have been around in length and to have weighed . Its skull was highly pneumatized,\n\nPrincess Sara bint Asem (born 12 August 1978 in Amman) is the daughter of Prince Asem bin Nayef and Firouzeh Vokhshouri. Her parents divorced in 1985 and in 1986 her father re-married Princess Sana Asem . Marriage and children On the 26th of June 2008 Princess Sara married a Spanish prince named Alejandro Garrido at her father's, Prince Asem bin Nayef, house in Amman, through a Nikah ceremony. They have two children: Talal Alejandro Garrido (born December 2008 in Spain) Lola Alejandra Garrido (born December 2010 in Spain). Family Step Mother Princess Sana Asem (born 16 November 1960) Siblings Princess Yasmine (born 30 June 1975). Princess Noor (born 6 October 1982). Half Siblings Princess Salha (born 14 June 1987). Princess Nejla (born 9 May 1988). Prince Nayef (born 22 January 1998). References 1978 births House of Hashim People from Amman Living people Jordanian princesses Jordanian people of Iranian descent People\n\nQuestion: Define Citipati.", "output": "Citipati is a genus of oviraptorid dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous period, about 75 million to 71 million years ago."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Booker Prize, formerly the Booker Prize for Fiction (1969\u20132001) and the Man Booker Prize (2002\u20132019), is a literary award conferred each year for the best novel written in the English language, which was published in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The winner of the Booker Prize receives international publicity that usually leads to a sales boost. When the prize was created, only novels written by Commonwealth, Irish, and South African (and later Zimbabwean) citizens were eligible to receive the prize; in 2014, eligibility was widened to any English-language novel\u2014a change that proved controversial. A five-person panel constituted by authors, librarians, literary agents, publishers, and booksellers is appointed by the Booker Prize Foundation each year to choose the winning book. As of 2015, the chief executive of the Booker Prize Foundation is Gaby Wood. A high-profile literary award in British culture, the Booker Prize is greeted with anticipation and fanfare.\n\nBhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya (24 November 1880 \u2013 17 December 1959) was an Indian independence activist and political leader in the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was also the first governor (1 November 1956 \u2013 13 June 1957) of Madhya Pradesh. His books include Feathers and Stones, The History of Congress, and Gandhi and Gandhism. Early life and education Born in Gundugolanu village, Krishna district (now part of Eluru district) in Andhra Pradesh to a Telugu Niyogi Brahmin family, Pattabhi graduated from the Madras Christian College, fulfilled his ambition to become a medical practitioner by securing a M.B.C.M. degree. Career Medical and early political career He started his practice as a doctor in the coastal town of Machilipatnam, headquarters of Krishna District and the political centre of Andhra. He left his lucrative practice to join the freedom fighting movement. During the years 1912\u201313, when there was a great controversy over the\n\nThe Moonshine Conspiracy is a collective of surfers and artists who share a certain retro sensibility. The Conspiracy was begun in 1998 by Emmett Malloy, his cousins the Malloy brothers (surfers Chris Malloy, Keith, and Dan); and former pro-surfer and musician Jack Johnson in Ventura, California. Moonshine released four films. They made a total of six. Later, they developed a record label company, The Moonshine Conspiracy Records, to release soundtracks for Woodshed Films (owned by Jack Johnson and others). After releasing Johnson's On and On through Universal Records, the label was renamed as Brushfire Records. It was named in part after Johnson's Enjoy Records album debut. Moonshine Festival Held in Laguna Beach, California, the Moonshine Festival was an art, music, and film event related to surfing and named for the Malloy-led Moonshine Conspiracy. Jack Johnson, Will Oldham, the Shins, and others, such as surfer-musician Donavon Frankenreiter performed there. Films Thicker\n\nQuestion: Who is Booker Prize?", "output": "The Booker Prize, formerly the Booker Prize for Fiction and the Man Booker Prize, is a literary award conferred each year for the best novel written in the English language, which was published in the United Kingdom and Ireland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hidden Stash II: The Kream of the Krop is the third studio album by American rap rock group Kottonmouth Kings. It was released on October 9, 2001 via Suburban Noize/Capitol Records. Recording sessions took place at DJ Bobby B's 211 Hip-Hop Shack, Electric Ghetto Studios, The Green Room in Los Angeles and The Jungle Room. Production was handled by members Daddy X, who also served as executive producer, DJ Bobby B and D-Loc, as well as Mike Kumagai and Dog Boy. It features guest appearances from Dog Boy and Judge D. The album peaked at number 100 on the Billboard 200. While the album title refers to Hidden Stash, the KMK's post-Royal Highness collection of b-sides, rarities, and remixes, the album itself is a regular studio album. The only song on Hidden Stash, Vol. 2 that had been previously released was \"My Mind's Playin' Tricks on Me\", a Geto Boys\n\nDemir Demirkan () (born 12 August 1972) is a Turkish musician, Eurovision Song Contest winning composer, formerly guitarist for thrash metal band Mezarkabul. Demir Demirkan started playing music when he was 13 and played guitar with various groups in college. Demir Demirkan also wrote television jingles and composed soundtracks for television and films. Early life and influences Demirkan started playing music when he was 13 and played guitar with various groups in college. In 1990, Demir joined a heavy/rock group, Mezarkabul, based in Istanbul and wrote and played guitar in the group's second album, Trail Blazer. In 1992, he moved to Los Angeles where he studied with Scott Henderson, Frank Gambale and Paul Hanson who founded the MI-Musician's Institute. In 1996, he moved back to Istanbul and worked as a producer, guitarist and composer for various artists such as Sebnem Ferah and Sertab Erener. Demir rejoined Mezarkabul again in 1997\n\nKenosee Lake is a closed-basin lake in the south-east corner of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The lake lies in Moose Mountain Provincial Park in the heart of the Moose Mountain Upland, a forested plateau that rises about above the surrounding prairie. The village of Kenosee Lake and the neighbouring Moose Mountain subdivisions are the only places on the lake with a year-round population. There are three named islands in the lake. The largest is Hog Island. It got its name from when an early pioneering family, the Christophers, kept their hogs on that island to keep them safe from predators, such as wolves. In the 1920s, wolves were hunted to extinction on Moose Mountain. Up until the late 1890s, Manitoba Maples were very common on the upland. Settlers and the local Indians made syrup from the sap of the maples trees. The island right to the south of Hog\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Demir Demirkan.", "output": "Demir Demirkan is a Turkish musician, Eurovision Song Contest winning composer, formerly guitarist for thrash metal band Mezarkabul."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Inkaneep Provincial Park is a provincial park near Oliver, British Columbia, Canada, located just south of the town of Okanagan Falls. The park contributes to the protection of critical riparian values on the Okanagan River. The park is popular with naturalists, particularly bird-watchers. First Nations have identified the river and riparian area of the park as very important contributor to the long-term viability of the Okanagan River salmon run. The park's current primary purpose is to protect riparian habitat along the Okanagan River. The park consists of 2 separate areas: One area straddles a 750-metre section of the Okanagan Flood Control right of way The other lies on the east side of Tuc-El-Nuit Road, abutting the Osoyoos Indian Reserve No. 1. Park users should use caution when hiking around this park; poison ivy is abundant in this area. Rare species Inkaneep Provincial Park has important conservation values including: Lewis' woodpecker\n\nByron Joseph Anthony (born 20 September 1984) is a Welsh former professional footballer who is currentlyAcademy Manager at Bristol Rovers. Born in Newport, he began his career with Cardiff City, progressing through the club's youth system after signing in 2000. He made his professional debut for the club at the age of 20 in 2004 but only made one further senior appearance before being released following a brief loan spell with Forest Green Rovers. He joined Bristol Rovers, helping the club win promotion to League One after winning the 2007 Football League Two play-off final. He remained in the first team for several years, making over 150 appearances in all competitions for the club before joining Hereford United in 2012 after an initial loan spell. However, he was released by Hereford after making just two league appearances following his permanent transfer. He instead joined his hometown club Newport County in\n\nBankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their creditors. In most cases personal bankruptcy is initiated by the bankrupt individual. Bankruptcy is a legal process that discharges most debts, but has the disadvantage of making it more difficult for an individual to borrow in the future. To avoid the negative impacts of personal bankruptcy, individuals in debt have a number of bankruptcy alternatives. Take no action Bankruptcy prevents a person's creditors from obtaining a judgment against them. With a judgment a creditor can attempt to garnish wages or seize certain types of property. However, if a debtor has no wages (because they are unemployed or retired) and has no property, they are \"judgment proof\", meaning a judgment would have no impact on their financial situation. Creditors typically do not initiate legal action against a debtor with no assets, because it\n\nQuestion: What is Inkaneep Provincial Park", "output": "Inkaneep Provincial Park is a provincial park near Oliver, British Columbia, Canada, located just south of the town of Okanagan Falls."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Discovery Island Marine Provincial Park is a provincial park located about east of Oak Bay on the coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is about long and wide and looks out into the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Discovery Island Marine Provincial Park is only accessible by boat and is popular with kayakers. The nearest marina and official anchorage is located in Oak Bay and the nearest launching ramp is located at Cattle Point. On the east side of the island on Pandora Hill there is a lighthouse which has been automated for the past several years. Pandora Hill is also one of the turning points for the Canada\u2013United States border. The northern portion of Discovery Island is a First Nations reserve. Camping is allowed in the area southwest of Pandora Hill. Campers can set up a tent ( per person per night). There is a pit toilet, and there\n\nThe Gyeongsangbuk-do Provincial Council is the chief legislature governing the South Korean province of Gyeongsangbuk-do. The current chairperson of the Council is Lee Cheol-u. A chairperson, together with two vice-chairs, is elected twice for each term of the council, serving for two years. The Council has 339 members, representing the various cities and counties of the province. The largest number of members (35) is sent by the large industrial city of Pohang. The smallest number (7) represent isolated Ulleung County and sparsely populated Yeongyang County. The modern Provincial Council was established with the restoration of local autonomy. However, the first three Provincial Councils convened under the First and Second Republics in the 1950s and early 1960s. Thus, it was the fourth Council which finally convened again in 1991. The eighth Provincial Council will begin serving in July 2006. See also Politics of South Korea Subdivisions of South Korea External links\n\nRobert Tralles Herres (December 1, 1932 \u2013 July 24, 2008) was a United States Air Force officer who served as the first vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Early life and education Herres was born on December 1, 1932, in Denver, where he attended East High School. He was active in the Boy Scouts of America and earned its highest rank, Eagle Scout. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from the United States Naval Academy in 1954. He earned a Master of Science degrees in electrical engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology and in Public Administration from George Washington University in 1960 and 1965, respectively. He completed Air Command and Staff College in 1965 and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces in 1971. Military career After graduating from the United States Naval Academy, Herres chose a commission in the United States Air Force\n\nQuestion: What is Discovery Island Marine Provincial Park?", "output": "Discovery Island Marine Provincial Park is a provincial park located about  east of Oak Bay on the coast of British Columbia, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Donald John Bosseler (born January 24, 1936) is an American former professional football player who was a fullback in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins from 1957 to 1964. He played college football for the Miami Hurricanes and was selected in the first round of the 1957 NFL Draft with the ninth overall pick. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1990. Early life Bosseler attended and played high school football at Batavia High School in Batavia, New York. College career Bosseler was a four-year starter at fullback for the University of Miami. In his senior year, 1956, he helped the team to an 8-1-1 record, was named All-America by the Associated Press, and was MVP in the Senior Bowl. He rushed for 1,642 yards in his four years. Bosseler was inducted into the University of Miami Sports Hall of Fame in 1970.\n\nThe New Zealand raven (Corvus antipodum) was native to the North Island and South Island of New Zealand but has been extinct since the 16th century. There were two subspecies: the North Island raven (Corvus antipodum antipodum) and the South Island raven (Corvus antipodum pycrofti). Another closely related species, the Chatham raven (Corvus moriorum), occurred on the Chatham Islands. The holotype of the South Island raven (Corvus antipodum pycrofti) is in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. New Zealand ravens were large corvids with long, broad bills that were not as arched as those of some of the Hawaiian crows (Corvus hawaiiensis). They were significantly smaller than the Chatham Island raven, and the South Island subspecies was rather larger than the North Island subspecies. Remains of New Zealand ravens are most common in Pleistocene and Holocene coastal sites. On the coast, it may have frequented\n\nCaerlanrig - also spelled 'Carlenrig' - (Gaelic: Cathair Lannraig) is a hamlet in the parish of Cavers, Borders, Scotland, lying on the River Teviot, 6 miles (10 km) north east of that river's source, and 10 miles (16 km) south west of Hawick. Etymology The first element of the name is probably the extinct Cumbric cair 'fortification', though Gaelic cathair has been suggested. The second element is generally taken as Cumbric lanerx, meaning 'clearing' (cf. Welsh llanerch). Another suggestion is that the name is Cumbric cair + Old English lang 'long' and hrycg 'ridge'. Border reiver It is best known for being the site where John Armstrong of Gilnockie, notorious member of Clan Armstrong and brother of Thomas, Laird of Mangerton was captured and hanged by King James V for being a reiver. The king's household book records that James V was at Caerlanrig on Tuesday 5 July 1530. See\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Don Bosseler.", "output": "Donald John Bosseler is an American former professional football player who was a fullback in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins from 1957 to 1964."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dan DiDio (; born October 13, 1959) is an American writer, editor, and publisher who has worked in the television and comic book industries. From February 2010 until February 2020, he was the co-publisher of DC Comics, along with Jim Lee. Wizard magazine recognized him as its first ever \"Man of the Year\" in 2003 for his work in the DC Universe line of comics. Career TV work Prior to joining DC Comics, DiDio worked in television, beginning in 1981. DiDio was a freelance writer and story editor for Mainframe Entertainment, specifically working on ReBoot and War Planets. DC Comics DiDio joined DC Comics in January 2002, as vice president\u2013editorial, as well as writer for Superboy (issues #94 to 100). He was promoted to vice president\u2013executive editor, DC Universe in October 2004. In 2006, DiDio began writing a weekly column called \"DC Nation\" which appeared on the end page of\n\nManseok Park is a large public park in the Jeongja-dong area of Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Facilities The centrepiece of the park is a man-made reservoir around which there is a 1200 m track used for walking, running, rollerblading and cycling. There is a huge paved area and permanent stage on the east side of the park, which hosts various outdoor events and celebrations every year, while the Suwon Arts Centre can be found on the south side. The park is also home to the 14 tennis-courts(Manseok tennis-court/Hard court) of the North Suwon Tennis Club. The specialized tennis shop is on the first floor across from the tennis court. There is a full size dirt soccer pitch on the west side and a high quality astroturf soccer pitch on the east side of the park. In 2004 the Suwon X-games skatepark opened at Manseok. This public facility has\n\nIn plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids) is a clade of flowering plants within the monocots, distinguished by having cell walls containing ferulic acid. The commelinids are the only clade that the APG IV system has informally named within the monocots. The remaining monocots are a paraphyletic unit. Also known as the commelinid monocots it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch; the other two groups are the alismatid monocots and the lilioid monocots. Description Members of the commelinid clade have cell walls containing UV-fluorescent ferulic acid. Taxonomy The commelinids were first recognized as a formal group in 1967 by Armen Takhtajan, who named them the Commelinidae and assigned them to a subclass of Liliopsida (monocots). The name was also used in the 1981 Cronquist system. However, by the release of his 1980 system of classification, Takhtajan had merged this subclass into a larger one, and\n\nQuestion: What is Commelinids?", "output": "In plant taxonomy, commelinids is a clade of flowering plants within the monocots, distinguished by having cell walls containing ferulic acid."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Maghain Aboth Synagogue (, translit: Ma'gen Ahvot, \"Guardian of Patriarchs\" or \"Shield of our Fathers\") is a synagogue in Singapore. It is located at 24/26 Waterloo Street in Rochor, within the Central Area at Singapore's central business district. Constructed in 1878, it is the oldest and largest Jewish synagogue in Southeast Asia and the second largest in Asia itself, outside of Israel. Managed by the Jewish Welfare Board, it remains to be the main place of worship for the Jewish community in Singapore. It was designated as a national monument of Singapore in 1998. Today, the synagogue and its surroundings has served as the unofficial centre of Jewish activity in Singapore, with several Jewish buildings standing within its vicinity, including a kosher supermarket and a museum. History Early years As early as 1831, Singapore's earliest Jewish settlers were Mizrahi/Sephardic merchants from mainly modern-day Iraq and Iran who came to\n\nDennis Gilmore Dalton is a professor of political science from the United States. From 1969 until 2008, Dalton was the Ann Whitney Olin Professor of Political Science at Barnard College, Columbia University. Dalton's work had a particular focus on the thought and leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and civil disobedience. Before his retirement from Barnard College at Columbia University, he gave lectures on political theory from Plato to the present, eastern and western philosophies. He began teaching at Barnard in 1969, teaching classes in classical and modern political theory. Academia He received his bachelor's degree from Rutgers University (1960), his M.A. in Political Science from the University of Chicago (1962), and his Ph.D. in political theory from the University of London (1965). He started his teaching career in the Department of Economic and Political Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London where he taught graduate seminars on political\n\nHeath L'Estrange (born 21 May 1985), also known by the nickname of \"Stranger\", is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer. He played for the Sydney Roosters, Manly Warringah Sea Eagles and the St. George Illawarra Dragons in the National Rugby League, and the Bradford Bulls in the Super League. In his rugby league career, he won the 2008 NRL Grand Final with the Sea Eagles. He played as . Background L'Estrange was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. While attending Terra Sancta College, L'Estrange played for the Australian Schoolboys team in 2002 and 2003. Playing career Sydney Roosters: 2004-2007 L'Estrange signed for the club in late 2003. He made his first grade d\u00e9but on 9 April 2004 against the Brisbane Broncos during round 5 at Aussie Stadium where he scored two tries. L'Estrange played in the 2006 NSW Cup grand final for Newtown who were the Sydney Roosters\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Heath L'Estrange.", "output": "Heath L'Estrange, also known by the nickname of \"Stranger\", is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Virginijus Pra\u0161kevi\u010dius (born 4 March 1974) is a Lithuanian former professional basketball player. At a height of 2.06 m (6'9\") tall, he played at the power forward and center positions. Professional career Pra\u0161kevi\u010dius started playing with Banga Kaunas and in 1993\u201394 was bought by Lavera Kaunas. In 1995\u201396 decided to play for Atletas Kaunas together with \u017dydr\u016bnas Ilgauskas. In January 1997 he passed to LaCrosse Bobcats in the Continental Basketball Association. On 18 September 1996, he signed with the Minnesota Timberwolves of National Basketball Association (NBA). However, Pra\u0161kevi\u010dius did not play a single game for them and was loaned to the LaCrosse Bobcats of the Continental Basketball Association (CBA). On 19 February 1997, he was waived by the Timberwolves. In 1997\u201398 he came back to his home town Kaunas to play for Atletas and then for \u017dalgiris. With the best Lithuanian team he won a Saporta Cup. Then he played\n\nHenry Ernest Cooper (August 28, 1857 \u2013 May 15, 1929) was an American lawyer who moved to the Kingdom of Hawaii and became prominent in Hawaiian politics in the 1890s. He formally deposed Queen Lili'uokalani of Hawaii in 1893, held various offices in the ensuing Provisional Government of Hawaii and Republic of Hawaii governments, and was the first United States Territory of Hawaii Attorney General, 1899\u20131900. He later became a circuit judge in Honolulu. Early life Cooper was born August 28, 1857, in New Albany, Indiana, to Harriet Augusta Cooper and William Giles Cooper, a lawyer from England. He was educated in public schools in Boston and received the LLB degree from the Boston University School of Law in 1878. He was admitted to the bar in Suffolk County, Massachusetts and practiced law there. Cooper married Mary Ellen Porter October 2, 1883, in San Diego, California. In 1884 he named\n\nThe Italian Rugby Federation () or FIR is the governing body for the sport of rugby union in Italy. The FIR has one seat on the 28-member World Rugby Council, the governing body of World Rugby. (All other members of the Six Nations have two seats on the Council.) There are two fully professional Italian clubs that play in the United Rugby Championship, in the European Rugby Champions Cup and in the European Rugby Challenge Cup \u2014 Benetton and Zebre. There are twelve semi-professional Italian clubs that play in the Top12, four of which qualify to play in the European Rugby Challenge Cup Qualifying Competition to qualify to the European Rugby Challenge Cup. History On 25 July 1911 a Propaganda Committee was formed to promote the sport of rugby union in Italy. In 1928 this body became the Federazione Italiana Rugby (FIR). In 1934 the FIR was a founder member\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Virginijus Pra\u0161kevi\u010dius.", "output": "Virginijus Pra\u0161kevi\u010dius is a Lithuanian former professional basketball player."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Compass Resources NL is an Australian mining and mineral exploration company listed on the Australian Stock Exchange and currently in voluntary administration since 29 January 2009. The company's main assets are mineral resources at Browns, Browns East and Mount Fitch, adjacent to the former Rum Jungle uranium mine in the Northern Territory of Australia. Brown's consists of a multi-metal oxide deposit overlying a related sulphide deposit. Compass also has exploration rights over the site of the former uranium mine and some royalty rights on a gold mine in New South Wales. Mining in the Northern Territory On 29 January 2009, Compass Resources went into voluntary administration, while in the process of commissioning the Brown's Oxide mine. Compass was listed on the ASX with the fourth-largest lead deposit in the world, plus numerous other deposits with the potential value in excess of $15 billion. The company was chaired by mining magnate\n\nThe Hawaii Belt Road is a modern name for the M\u0101malahoa Highway and consists of Hawaii state Routes 11, 19, and 190 that encircle the Island of Hawaii. The southern section, between Hilo and Kailua-Kona is numbered as Route 11. The section between Hilo and Waimea is Route 19. Between Waimea and Kailua-Kona, the road is split in two: the original \"mauka\" route (now Route 190) and a \"makai\" Route 19, completed in 1975, which serves as access to the Kona and Kohala Coast resorts. In the Hawaiian language, mauka means \"towards the mountain\" and makai means \"towards the sea\". These terms are commonly used in travel directions. Parts of the southern half of the Hawaii Belt Road were known during the Territorial days as the Ka\u016b Belt Road. The names \"Hawaii Belt Road\" and \"M\u0101malahoa Highway\" refer to the road system that encircles the entire island; many sections are\n\nSusan Roosevelt Weld is an American educator who is a former professor at Harvard specializing in ancient Chinese civilization and law. She also was General Counsel to the Congressional-Executive Commission on China. She was the First Lady of Massachusetts from 1991 until 1997. Career Weld is currently an Adjunct Professor and Executive Director of the Law Asia Leadership program at Georgetown University Law School. She serves on the Advisory Council of the US-China Education Trust. Personal life and ancestry She is the daughter of Quentin Roosevelt II, and Frances Blanche Webb, and granddaughter of Theodore Roosevelt Jr., great-granddaughter of Theodore Roosevelt. She is the grand-niece of Kermit Roosevelt, Quentin Roosevelt, Archibald Roosevelt, Ethel Roosevelt Derby and Alice Roosevelt Longworth. She graduated from Radcliffe College of Harvard University in 1970, from Harvard Law School in 1974, and from Harvard University with a PhD, in 1990, in East Asian Languages and Civilizations.\n\nQuestion: What is Hawaii Belt Road", "output": "The Hawaii Belt Road is a modern name for the M\u0101malahoa Highway and consists of Hawaii state Routes 11, 19, and 190 that encircle the Island of Hawaii."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "June Elaine Rita Maston (later Ferguson; 14 March 1928 \u2013 3 December 2004) was an Australian sprinter and athletics coach from New South Wales. In 1948 she placed fourth in the Australian national championships over 100 yards. At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London she won a silver medal in 4 x 100 metres relay with teammates Shirley Strickland, Joyce King and Elizabeth McKinnon. She had earlier competed in the women's long jump event, but did not qualify for the final. At the Olympics she met her future husband, water polo player Jack Ferguson. Later, she became an athletics coach. Her most successful charges included four-time Olympic sprint champion Betty Cuthbert and Olympic 80 metres hurdles champion Maureen Caird. Maston had five children: Jeremy, Ian, Fiona, Megan, and Debra. References External links 1928 births 2004 deaths Australian female sprinters Australian athletics coaches Olympic female sprinters Olympic athletes for Australia Olympic\n\nRah Bras was a rock band originally out of Richmond, VA. The band consisted of Isabellarah Rubella on synth, Boo Rah on keytar, and Jean Rah on drums, with all three providing vocals. The band has played in the United States, Europe, Japan, Canada and Mexico. Discography Nipponoppin - Lungcast (1995) Wear the Beat Spectacular EP- Vermiform Records 1998 Concentrate to Listen to the Rondo That We Christen King Speed EP- Lovitt Records 1998 Ruy Blas! LP/CD- Lovitt Records 2001 Troubleman Mixtape CD- Troubleman Unlimited 2001 This Just In... Benefit For Indy Media - Geykido Comet Records 2005 WHOHM LP/CD- Lovitt Records 2005 See also Red Box\u2014the titles of the two 1998 EPs Wear the Beat Spectacular and Concentrate to Listen to the Rondo that We Christen King Speed are lines (albeit \"wear\" paraphrased from \"we're\" in the former) in the Red Box song \"Living in Domes\" on the 1986\n\nMicro Cornucopia, sometimes shortened to Micro C, was a 1980s magazine for microcomputer hobbyists and enthusiasts. It was published in Bend, Oregon by former Tektronix engineer David J. Thompson. The magazine, conceived as a newsletter for users of the Ferguson Big Board (a single-board CP/M computer), was published bi-monthly beginning in July 1981. It soon expanded its coverage to other board-level computers, the Kaypro computer, and general hobbyist/experimental computing, with special interest areas being robotics, interfacing, embedded systems and programming languages. The magazine routinely published circuit diagrams and source code. Micro C carried articles on a wide range of subjects, some system-specific and newsletter-like, but also covering (then) off-mainstream topics, e.g. 3D graphics, artificial intelligence, or the special needs of disabled users. They published a 32-page catalog of CP/M and MS-DOS software, cover date Fall/Winter 1986, describing it as the second, the first having been the Spring issue. The publishers\n\nQuestion: Tell me about June Maston.", "output": "June Elaine Rita Maston was an Australian sprinter and athletics coach from New South Wales."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Remillard brothers and members of their family were successful owners of brick manufacturing plants in Oakland and San Francisco, California from the 1860s to the mid 1900s. The three brothers who founded the brick making company, and started the Remillard fortune, immigrated from St. Valentin (near Napierville), Quebec to California toward the end of the California Gold Rush. Pierre-Nicolas \u201cPeter\u201d Remillard Pierre-Nicolas \u201cPeter\u201d Remillard was born April 2, 1837, at St. Valentin, Quebec. In 1854 he came to California as an aspiring and self-reliant seventeen-year-old. He became involved in gold mining and saved what was later described in his obituary as a \u201csnug sum\u201d of money. In 1861, at the age of twenty-four, he moved to Oakland, where he became an employee of a brickyard. Within five years, he rose from hired hand at the brickyard to its owner and opened an office and yard at Clay and 2nd\n\nThe National Association of Science Writers (NASW) was created in 1934 by a dozen science journalists and reporters in New York City. The aim of the organization was to improve the craft of science journalism and to promote good science reportage. In June 1934, John J. O'Neill, William L. Laurence, Howard W. Blakeslee, Gobind Behari Lal and David Dietz formed NASW as a press association with Dietz as its president. Several others joined the association. The NASW incorporated in 1955, pledging itself to \"foster the dissemination of accurate information regarding science through all media normally devoted to informing the public\". Leaders of the NASW have been freelance and staff reporters for a majority of US newspapers, wire services, magazines, and broadcasters. As of September 29, 2007, the organization reported having 2,549 members and claimed to be the largest organization of science writers in the world. Each year since 1972 the\n\nIn mathematical optimization, the ellipsoid method is an iterative method for minimizing convex functions. When specialized to solving feasible linear optimization problems with rational data, the ellipsoid method is an algorithm which finds an optimal solution in a number of steps that is polynomial in the input size. The ellipsoid method generates a sequence of ellipsoids whose volume uniformly decreases at every step, thus enclosing a minimizer of a convex function. History The ellipsoid method has a long history. As an iterative method, a preliminary version was introduced by Naum Z. Shor. In 1972, an approximation algorithm for real convex minimization was studied by Arkadi Nemirovski and David B. Yudin (Judin). As an algorithm for solving linear programming problems with rational data, the ellipsoid algorithm was studied by Leonid Khachiyan; Khachiyan's achievement was to prove the polynomial-time solvability of linear programs. This was a notable step from a theoretical perspective:\n\nQuestion: What's National Association of Science Writers?", "output": "The National Association of Science Writers was created in 1934 by a dozen science journalists and reporters in New York City."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Menaul School is an independent sixth through twelfth grade day and boarding school in Albuquerque, New Mexico with a diverse, intellectual, personal, college preparatory education experience. Menaul School is accredited by the State of New Mexico, Independent Schools Association of the Southwest (ISAS) and North Central Association (NCA). History Although the roots of Menaul School go back to 1881, when Rev. Sheldon Jackson, a Presbyterian minister, opened \"The Pueblo Training School\" (PTS) in Albuquerque, NM under a contract with the U.S. government, that did not mark the founding of Menaul School. Instead, it marked the establishment of Presbyterian-related education in Albuquerque. The PTS was originally located in the Duranes area, just north of Old Town in Albuquerque. In 1882, the government purchased 66.67 acres of land from citizens of Albuquerque. (This is the property at what is now Indian School Road and 12th Street.) In 1884, the school moved into\n\nCrissCross is a 1992 American drama film directed by Chris Menges and written by Scott Sommer, based on his homonymous novel. It stars Goldie Hawn, Arliss Howard, Keith Carradine, Steve Buscemi, and David Arnott. Plot Divorced mom Tracy Cross (Hawn) raises her 12-year-old son, Christopher (Arnott), in Key West in 1969 around the time of the Apollo 11 Moon landing. Chris narrates the film in voice-over and talks about his \"screwed up\" life living with his mother in a cheap hotel. Chris' father (Carradine) was an Annapolis trained fighter pilot who had served in Vietnam. However, he became seriously disturbed after bombing a civilian hospital and burned his uniform as a \"killer's costume\". Falling into alcoholism, he deserts Chris and Tracy moving into a commune separating himself from society. Chris hasn't seen his father in three years but still loves him deeply. Chris delivers papers and fish to help support\n\nSix Mile Bottom is a hamlet within the parish of Little Wilbraham, near Cambridge in England. History In the 1790s the only building at Six Mile Bottom was a paddock run by a stable keeper. In 1802, a sizeable country house was built nearby. Early residents were George and Augusta Leigh, the latter being Lord Byron's half-sister. Their residence is now the Country House Hotel, Paddocks House. In 1807 the hamlet was the scene for a bare-knuckle fight between John Gully and Bob Gregson in which Gregson was defeated by Gully in a fight in 36 rounds lasting an hour and a quarter. There was little additional building until the 1840s, but it grew from there until there were 22 homes housing around 170 people in around 1920, most owned by the Six Mile Bottom estate. The hamlet derives its name from its distance from the start of Newmarket Racecourse\n\nQuestion: What's Menaul School?", "output": "Menaul School is an independent sixth through twelfth grade day and boarding school in Albuquerque, New Mexico with a diverse, intellectual, personal, college preparatory education experience."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Arcenio James Advincula is a martial artist and a first-generation student of the founder of Isshin-ry\u016b Karate, Tatsuo Shimabuku. He also has an extensive background in Largo Mano Eskrima, Hindiandi Gung Fu, Ryukyu Kobudo and Combat Judo. He is a veteran of the United States Marine Corps who served for 22 years, 6 months, 18 days including two tours in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. He retired in 1981 as a Master Sergeant. Some of his other notable accomplishments include; designing the Isshinryu patch, receiving a Black Belt Emeritus from the United States Marine Corps, working with the San Diego Chargers on body mechanics, selected by the Okinawan Government to represent the U.S. at the 2005 Okinawa Karate and Kobudo Exchange Symposium. Early years Advincula was born in Juneau, Alaska, on January 25, 1938. When World War Two broke out Advincula's father, who was Filipino, brought him to a Filipino\n\nBo Ya () was a Chinese qin player from the state of Chu (), which is roughly equivalent to modern-day Jingzhou, Hubei, who lived during the Spring and Autumn period or Warring States period. His complete name is often incorrectly given as Yu Boya () in Stories to Caution the World (), so he is sometimes referred to with the name of Yu Boya in modern literature. However, Bo Ya is the correct name, which is clarified in L\u00fcshi Chunqiu (). Life Learning Guqin Bo Ya is well known in the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period for his Guqin skill. According to Qincao (\u7434\u64cd\uff09written by Cai Yong, He learned his Guqin skill from Chenglian, another famous Guqin player. When he was studying Guqin, his teacher brought him to Mount Penglai and left Bo Ya. Bo Ya was immersed in the natural sound of the waves and\n\nMarbled meat is meat, especially red meat, that contains various amounts of intramuscular fat, giving it an appearance similar to marble. Important terms defined Beef quality grades - A quality grade is a composite evaluation of factors that affect palatability of meat (tenderness, juiciness, and flavor). These factors include carcass maturity, firmness, texture, and color of lean, and the amount and distribution of marbling within the lean. Beef carcass quality grading is based on (1) degree of marbling and (2) degree of maturity. Marbling - (intramuscular fat) is the intermingling or dispersion of fat within the lean. Graders evaluate the amount and distribution of marbling in the ribeye muscle at the cut surface after the carcass has been ribbed between the 12th and 13th ribs. Degree of marbling is the primary determination of quality grade. Maturity refers to the physiological age of the animal rather than the chronological age. Because\n\nQuestion: Define Arcenio James Advincula.", "output": "Arcenio James Advincula is a martial artist and a first-generation student of the founder of Isshin-ry\u016b Karate, Tatsuo Shimabuku."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rock & Republic was an American jeans brand founded by Michael Ball in 2002. Ball is a cyclist who gained design experience by creating his cycling team's uniforms. Rock & Republic's line of jeans and casual wear \"VB Rocks\" was designed by singer Victoria Beckham until 2008. Timelines From 2007 to 2009, the company sponsored a professional cycling team named Rock Racing. On April 1, 2010, Rock & Republic filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. By December 2010, the company had entered into negotiations with VF Corporation to sell the trademark and intellectual property. On April 28, 2011, VF Corporation announced it had signed a long-term licensing deal with Kohl's Corporation to carry a budget version of the Rock & Republic brand with jeans priced at $88 versus $200 plus. In 2019, VF Corporation spun-off its jeans business, including the Rock & Republic, Lee, and Wrangler brands, into a new\n\nNeyriz (, also Romanized as Neyr\u012bz and N\u012br\u012bz) is a city in the Central District of Neyriz County, Fars province, Iran, serving as both capital of the district and of the county. At the 2006 National Census, its population was 45,180 in 11,970 households. The following census in 2011 counted 50,291 people in 14,416 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 49,850 people in 15,338 households. The name is also used for the district in which it is situated and for the Bakhtegan Lake. The town was located on its shores, but because of the shrinkage of the salt lake it is now to its southeast. In the nineteenth century some of the Neyriz inhabitants were B\u00e1b\u00eds, and were persecuted by the government. History Neyriz is mentioned in the Persepolis Administrative Archives of the Achaemenid Empire under the Elamite name Narezzash, which reflects its Old Persian name\n\nMontreal Road (French: Chemin de Montr\u00e9al), also known as Ottawa Road #34, is a major east-west Ottawa road that links Lowertown to Vanier and the farther eastern neighbourhoods of Ottawa. Until downloading in 1998, it was part of the provincially managed Highway 17B. Since the early 20th century, Montreal Road has been the cultural core of Vanier. It is one of a string of variously named roads that form an uninterrupted route between Parliament Hill and the City of Montreal, originally part of Ontario Highway 17, later bypassed by the freeway now known as Ottawa Road 174. In French, it is known as Chemin de Montr\u00e9al for most of its distance. The insertion of de in the 2010s marked a departure from the City's general bilingual street-naming policy to align with Francophone practice for streets that refer to place names. At its western end, Montreal Road begins at the Cummings\n\nQuestion: What's Montreal Road?", "output": "Montreal Road, also known as Ottawa Road #34, is a major east-west Ottawa road that links Lowertown to Vanier and the farther eastern neighbourhoods of Ottawa."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Allied Stores was a department store chain in the United States. It was founded in the 1930s as part of a general consolidation in the retail sector by B. E. Puckett. See also Associated Dry Goods. It was the successor to Hahn's Department Stores, a holding company founded in 1928. In 1935 Hahn's was reorganized into Allied Stores. In 1981, Allied Stores acquired the 24-year-old retail conglomerate Garfinckel, Brooks Brothers, Miller & Rhoads, Inc. for $228 million (~$ in ). With that transaction they acquired 178 department stores and 48 specialty shops in 28 states. In 1986 the chain was acquired by Campeau Corporation under Canadian entrepreneur Robert Campeau. In 1988 it merged with Federated Department Stores (now known as Macy's, Inc.), and the chains were consolidated in 1990 under the Federated name after Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Stores Department stores divisions at time of Campeau buyout Jordan Marsh founded in\n\nRuislip Manor is an area of Ruislip in the London Borough of Hillingdon in West London. It is located approximately west north west of Charing Cross. The construction of a halt on the Metropolitan Railway in the area in 1912 led to the development of Ruislip Manor, on what was rural land. History Ruislip Manor was originally owned by King's College, Cambridge, as a part of the Manor of Ruislip. At the turn of the 20th century, Ruislip Manor was undeveloped rural land until a halt was constructed in 1912 as part of the Metropolitan Railway running between Harrow and Uxbridge. George Ball later purchased 186 acres to the south of the railway line from King's College with construction of the new estate taking place between 1933 and 1939. Ball hoped the new housing would be available to the working man who wished to purchase his own home. The original\n\nDie Screaming, Marianne (also Die, Beautiful Marianne) is a 1971 British thriller film produced and directed by Pete Walker. Although Walker's films were mostly in the horror or sexploitation genres, this is a straight thriller, with mild horror undertones. Plot Marianne, a nightclub dancer, is on the run from her father, a retired corrupt judge who lives in a villa in Portugal with Marianne's half-sister Hildegarde. On her 21st birthday, Marianne will receive her mother's inheritance, which is tied up in a Swiss bank account and includes legal papers incriminating her father. The Judge and Hildegarde seek the account number from Marianne so that they can access and dispose of this evidence. While evading The Judge's henchmen, Marianne encounters Sebastian, who seduces her and persuades her to marry him. On the wedding day, Marianne suddenly suspects Sebastian's motives and sabotages the ceremony by tricking the registry office into thinking that\n\nQuestion: Define Die Screaming, Marianne.", "output": "Die Screaming, Marianne is a 1971 British thriller film produced and directed by Pete Walker."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Swing with Scooter is a DC Comics teen-humor American comic book published from 1966 to 1972. It starred a British teenage musician nicknamed Scooter who lived in the US. Publication history Swing with Scooter was published by DC Comics for 36 issues (cover-dated July 1966 - Nov. 1972). The series was an attempt at drawing upon the popularity of young British musicians such as the Beatles, and the teen humor market served by Archie Comics. Scooter was created by writers Barbara Friedlander, a writer of DC romance comics, and Jack Miller and artist Joe Orlando. Henry Scarpelli took over as artist with issue #14, giving the comic a more cartoony, Archie-style look. The entire DC humor line was cancelled between 1971 and 1972, including Leave It to Binky, Date with Debbi and Swing with Scooter. Fictional character biography The protagonist, Scooter, was a British teenage musician who left his band,\n\nThe Australian masked owl (Tyto novaehollandiae) is a barn owl of Southern New Guinea and the non-desert areas of Australia. Taxonomy Described subspecies of Tyto novaehollandiae include: T. n. calabyi I.J. Mason, 1983, (southern New Guinea) T. n. castanops (Gould, 1837), Tasmanian masked owl (Tasmania and introduced to Lord Howe Island) T. n. galei Mathews, 1914, (Cape York Peninsula) T. n. kimberli (Mathews, 1912), Northern masked owl (northern mainland Australia) T. n. melvillensis Mathews, 1912, (Tiwi Islands) T. n. novaehollandiae (Stephens, 1826), (southern mainland Australia) T. n. troughtoni N.W. Cayley, 1931, cave-nesting masked owl (Nullarbor Plain, validity doubtful) Description Brown feathers surround a white, heart-shaped mask. Their dorsal plumage is brown, aside from light gray spots on the upper back. Their front is white with brown spots. Their eye color varies from black to dark brown. The species have sexual dimorphism, females are darker shaded and larger than males. Male\n\nA dry loop is an unconditioned leased pair of telephone line from a telephone company. The pair does not provide dial tone or battery (continuous electric potential), as opposed to a wet pair, a line usually without dial tone but with battery. A dry pair was originally used with a security system but more recently may also be used with digital subscriber line (DSL) service or an Ethernet extender to connect two locations, as opposed to a costlier means such as a Frame Relay. The pair in many cases goes through the local telephone exchange. Wet pair naming comes from the battery used to sustain the loop, which was made from wet cells. Many carriers market dry loops to independent DSL providers as a BANA for basic analog loop or in some locales PANA for plain analog loop, OPX (off-premises extension) line, paging circuit, or finally LADS (local area data\n\nQuestion: Define Dry loop.", "output": "A dry loop is an unconditioned leased pair of telephone line from a telephone company."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Adrien-Gabriel Morice (27 August 1859 \u2013 21 April 1939) was a missionary priest belonging to the Oblates of Mary Immaculate. He served as a missionary in Canada, and created a writing system for the Carrier language. Early life Father Morice was born and raised in France, in the commune of Saint-Mars-sur-Colmont in the d\u00e9partement of Mayenne. As a seminarian he was inspired by Father \u00c9mile Petitot and set himself the goal of becoming a missionary and explorer in Northwestern Canada. He arrived in British Columbia in 1880, and after a stint in Williams Lake at St. Joseph's school, where he studied Chilcotin and, with the aid of Jimmy Alexander, the son of a Carrier woman and a fur trader who was sent to St. Joseph's School, began his study of Carrier. Work with aboriginal languages In 1885 his dreams were realized and he was posted to Fort St. James, the\n\nDock pudding is a distinctive West Yorkshire dish produced chiefly in the Calder Valley area. Its main ingredients are the leaves of bistort (sometimes called \"gentle dock\" or \"Passion dock\", though it is not a member of the genus Rumex), together with oatmeal, nettles, onion, and seasoning to taste. Other ingredients are added but each personal family recipe does differ. Traditionally the \"pudding\" is fried in a frying pan along with bacon. Starting in 1971, an annual World Dock Pudding Championship is held at the local community centre in the village of Mytholmroyd. The dish is most strongly associated with Calderdale in modern times, but is not unique to that region in history. Like tansy cakes, dock pudding has long been associated with Eastertide, and is still prepared as a Lenten dish in northern England. See also Laver bread English cuisine References External links Mytholmroyd.net News- Dock pudding recipe Love\n\nTarapur is a town and one of the three sub-divisions in Munger district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is centrally located and connects cities like Bhagalpur, Munger, Banka, Jamui and Deoghar. Geography Tarapur is a Sub-division under Munger District. It's a division of Water-wage and irrigation department. It also has a division Of kada vibhag (Government office). Tarapur is a Sub-Urban Market which serves all the necessities and requirements of nearby villages. Economy The main occupation of people residing around Tarapur is agriculture. Paddy, wheat, corn, pulses, sugarcane, and other cereals are grown here. Katarni Chura (flattened rice) and mangoes from this region are also famous. It is a market and educational hub for nearby villages. Tarapur has been growing as an administrative unit as well as a commercial centre in Munger district. Education Tarapur has about 10\u201315 educational institutes and one college \"R S College\" affiliated to\n\nQuestion: Define Dock pudding.", "output": "Dock pudding is a distinctive West Yorkshire dish produced chiefly in the Calder Valley area."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Szyd\u0142owiec (; Hebrew: \u05e9\u05d9\u05d3\u05dc\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05e5, Yiddish: \u05e9\u05d9\u05d3\u05dc\u05d0\u05b8\u05d5\u05d5\u05e6\u05e2; German: Schiedlowietz) is a town in Szyd\u0142owiec County, Mazovian Voivodeship, south-central Poland, with 5,243 inhabitants (December 31, 2005). It is the seat of Gmina Szyd\u0142owiec (commune). Szyd\u0142owiec is part of the historic region of Lesser Poland. History From the 12th century the environs of Szyd\u0142owiec belonged to the powerful knightly family of Odrow\u0105\u017c, who were descended from Moravian-Bohemian Baworowic family. In the 13th century the site of the present castle was occupied by a stronghold on an artificial island with wood and earth defences and by a village called Szyd\u0142owiec. The present town came into being in the early 15th century. It was a private town, administratively located in the Radom County in the Sandomierz Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland, and together with the neighbouring estate was the property of the Szyd\u0142owiecki and Radziwi\u0142\u0142 families until the 19th\n\nDiana Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park located 16 kilometres east of the city of Prince Rupert in the North Coast Regional District of British Columbia, Canada. The park was established by BC Parks in 1980. Description The park provides lake, lakeshore and forest recreation opportunities for local residents and travelers along the Highway 16 corridor. Diana Lake is the primary freshwater recreation site in the region. Diana Creek nature trail winds along Diana Creek through coastal temperate rainforest. The MacDonald Trail starts in the park, steps through several blanket bogs, and runs up to MacDonald peak. All five species of pacific salmon, as well as steelhead, rainbow and Dolly Varden trout can be found in the lakes and creeks around this park. From May 15 to September 15, the day-use area is accessible. This park does not have access to drinkable water. Images See also Prudhomme Lake Provincial\n\nTebbe's reagent is the organometallic compound with the formula (C5H5)2TiCH2ClAl(CH3)2. It is used in the methylidenation of carbonyl compounds, that is it converts organic compounds containing the R2C=O group into the related R2C=CH2 derivative. It is a red solid that is pyrophoric in the air, and thus is typically handled with air-free techniques. It was originally synthesized by Fred Tebbe at DuPont Central Research. Tebbe's reagent contains two tetrahedral metal centers linked by a pair of bridging ligands. The titanium has two cyclopentadienyl (, or Cp) rings and aluminium has two methyl groups. The titanium and aluminium atoms are linked together by both a methylene bridge (-CH2-) and a chloride atom in a nearly square-planar (Ti\u2013CH2\u2013Al\u2013Cl) geometry. The Tebbe reagent was the first reported compound where a methylene bridge connects a transition metal (Ti) and a main group metal (Al). Preparation The Tebbe reagent is synthesized from titanocene dichloride and\n\nQuestion: What is Tebbe's reagent", "output": "Tebbe's reagent is the organometallic compound with the formula2TiCH2ClAl2."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mason Durell Betha (born August 27, 1975), better known by his mononym Mase (formerly Murda Mase and stylized as Ma$e), is an American rapper. In the late 1990s, he recorded on the Bad Boy Records label alongside its founder Sean \"Puff Daddy\" Combs to significant mainstream success. In 1997 and 1998, Mase had a total of five platinum singles, five Hot Rap Songs number one singles, and six Billboard Hot 100 top ten singles, stemming from his guest features on Sean Combs' singles \"Can't Nobody Hold Me Down\" and \"Been Around the World\", the Notorious B.I.G.'s \"Mo Money Mo Problems\", as well as his singles as a lead artist: \"Feel So Good\" (featuring Kelly Price), \"What You Want\" (featuring Total) and \"Lookin' at Me\" (featuring Sean Combs). Both \"Can't Nobody Hold Me Down\" and \"Mo Money Mo Problems\" topped the Billboard Hot 100. Mase's 1997 debut album Harlem World was\n\n\"One of Our Submarines\" is a song by British musician Thomas Dolby. The song was recorded in August 1982 and remains a favourite among Thomas Dolby fans. Originally written for the Thompson Twins, the track was released in a 12\" extended version (found on the successful 1982 \"Blinded by Science\" EP) clocking in at 7:18, as well as in the album version found on The Golden Age of Wireless. Inspiration The inspiration for the song was Dolby's late uncle, who died as a submarine crewman during World War II. On February 2, 2018, Dolby published this statement on his personal Facebook page: In 1981 I wrote a song called 'One Of Our Submarines.' It was the B-side to the single 'She Blinded Me With Science', and the two songs were included on a reissue of my debut album The Golden Age of Wireless. In interviews I often told the story\n\nThe Thuwunna Youth Training Center Stadium (), simply known as the Thuwunna Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium located in Yangon, Myanmar. It is the venue of choice for most national and international football and track and field competitions. The stadium's eight-lane running track is the first in Myanmar that conforms to IAAF standards. History Constructed with help from the Japanese government, the stadium was completed in 1985. From 23 June to 3 July 2012, the stadium hosted 2013 AFC U-22 Asian Cup qualification Group G matches. The stadium underwent a major renovation and was expanded to host football matches of the 2013 Southeast Asian Games. It also hosted the qualification stage of the 2012 AFF Championship and matches in Group B of the main tournament in 2016. References External links Football venues in Myanmar Buildings and structures in Yangon Sports venues completed in 1985 Sport in Yangon 1985 establishments in\n\nQuestion: Who is Mase?", "output": "Mason Durell Betha, better known by his mononym Mase, is an American rapper."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sir Ivor Algernon Atkins (29 November 1869 \u2013 26 November 1953) was the choirmaster and organist at Worcester Cathedral from 1897 to 1950, as well as a composer of songs, church music, service settings and anthems. He is best known for editing Allegri's Miserere with the famous top-C part for the treble. He is also well known for \"The Three Kings\", an arrangement of a song by Peter Cornelius as a choral work for Epiphany. Born into a Welsh musical family at Llandaff, Atkins graduated with a bachelor of music degree from The Queen's College, Oxford in 1892, and subsequently obtained a Doctorate in Music (Oxford). He was assistant organist of Hereford Cathedral (1890-1893) and organist of St Laurence Church, Ludlow from 1893 to 1897. He directed the triennial Three Choirs Festival from his appointment at Worcester in 1897 through until 1948 (acting as conductor for 12 of them), and\n\nBock (or bok () is a strong beer in Germany, usually a dark lager. Several substyles exist, including: Doppelbock (Double Bock), a stronger and maltier version Eisbock (Ice Bock), a much stronger version made by partially freezing the beer and removing the ice that forms Maibock (May Bock), a paler, more hopped version generally made for consumption at spring festivals. Due to its lighter colour, it is also referred to as Heller Bock; from German hell (bright, light in colour). Weizenbock (Wheat Bock), a wheat beer made from 40 to 60% wheat History The style now known as Bock was first brewed in the 14th century in the Hanseatic town of Einbeck in Lower Saxony. The style was later adopted in Bavaria by Munich brewers in the 17th century. Due to their Bavarian accent, citizens of Munich pronounced \"Einbeck\" as \"ein Bock\" (\"a billy goat\"), and thus the beer became\n\nSilber is a surname, originally the German word meaning silver. It may refer to: Notable people named Silber Alexandra Silber (born 1983), American actor, singer, writer, and educator Christoph Silber (born 1971), German-born British film producer, screenwriter, and director Christopher Silber (born 1973), American television writer and producer Eddie Silber (1914\u20131976), American baseball player Irwin Silber (1925\u20132010), American writer, editor, publisher, historian, folk-song collector, and political activist Jane Silber (born ?), American chief executive, computer scientist, and artificial intelligence technologist Joan Silber (born ?), American novelist John Silber (1926\u20132012), American academician, politician, philosophy professor, and university president Jules C. Silber (1885\u2013?), German WWI spy, autobiographer, and interpreter Laura Silber (born ?), American professor, foundation executive, and writer Marianne Rafferty (n\u00e9e Silber; born 1971), American television news anchor and journalist Mary Silber (born ?), American statistical science professor, mathematician, and physicist Max I. Silber (1911\u20132004), American Scouting promoter and enthusiast, ingot\n\nQuestion: Who is Ivor Atkins", "output": "Sir Ivor Algernon Atkins was the choirmaster and organist at Worcester Cathedral from 1897 to 1950, as well as a composer of songs, church music, service settings and anthems."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jieh (or Jiy\u00e9, Jiyeh, \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0629) is a seaside town in Lebanon with an estimated population of 5000, 23 km south of Beirut, in the Chouf district via a 20-minute drive along the Beirut to Sidon highway south of the capital. In Phoenician times it was known as Porphyreon and was a thriving natural seaport, which still functions today. The town is also known for its seven kilometre sandy beach, a rarity along Lebanon's mainly rocky coastline. The Hebrew prophet Jonah was said to have landed on its shores when he was spat out of the giant fish described in the Old Testament, and a temple was built which stands until today. Many invaders passed through Porphyreon such as Tohomtmos the Egyptian who landed his soldiers on its natural seaport in order to fight the North. Alexander the Great relaxed on its shore preparing for the attack on Tyre. St Peter\n\nSujud Sutrisno (September 22, 1953 \u2013 January 15, 2018) was a street musician or busker from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. He calls himself \"kendhang tunggal\", which means \"solo drummer\". His music is based on his handheld drum complemented by his vocal. Biography Sujud was born in 1953 into a family of artists. His father, Wirosuwito, was a cokekan (dance show) artist, and an expert in Karawitan from Klaten. Due to financial difficulties, Wirosuwito was forced to become street musician/busker, specialising in uyon-uyon (Javanese traditional songs and chants). Sujud learned Karawitan from Wirosuwito. Sujud realised that his favorite instrument was the kendang (drum), so he decided to specialise in drumming. Sujud became a street singer to pay his way through school. Though he did not complete junior high school, he was eager to learn. He has been making money singing and playing percussion since the 1960s. Sujud does not consider himself a street\n\nBalo\u017ei (; ) is a town of Latvia situated in the \u0136ekava Municipality just 12 kilometres from the centre of Riga. In 2021, the city had a population of 6,746. Balo\u017ei was founded soon after the Second World War; as a village at the time, it was developed for the nearby peat factory workers. The oldest part of the town is built in a Stalinist style. During the 1970s, territory of the village was expanded towards the A7 highway. During the 1980s this part was built as a modern residential district and called Titurga. In 1991 Balo\u017ei received town rights. After the Latvian administrative territorial reform of 2009, Balo\u017ei became part of \u0136ekava Municipality and thus became one of the few Latvian towns which are not municipal centres. Balo\u017ei is defined by Latvian law as a part of the region of Vidzeme. Rail network Balo\u017ei had a small rail network.\n\nQuestion: What is Balo\u017ei?", "output": "Balo\u017ei is a town of Latvia situated in the \u0136ekava Municipality just 12 kilometres from the centre of Riga."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alyaksandr Kazulin (, , born 25 November 1955 in Minsk) is the former leader of the Belarusian Social Democratic Party and one of the candidates who ran for the office of President of Belarus on 19 March 2006. He was a rector of the Belarusian State University (BSU) from 1996 to 2003 and a government minister serving under Belarus President Lukashenko but later fell out of favor. He holds a PhD in mathematics and pedagogy. Biography Kazulin was born on 25 November 1955 in Minsk. In 1972, he graduated from school No. 87 and entered the evening department of the Mathematics Department of Belarusian State University. During this period he worked part-time as a lab technician in physics class at school. Served in the Baltic Navy in the Marines from 1974 to 1976. After the army, he worked in the forging shop at the Minsk Tractor Plant. In 1976 he\n\nFatehsinghrao Prataprao Gaekwad II (2 April 1930 \u2013 1 September 1988) was an Indian politician, cricketer, and titular Maharaja of Baroda from 1951 until 1988. In the 26th amendment to the Constitution of India promulgated in 1971, the Government of India abolished all official symbols of princely India, including titles, privileges, and remuneration (privy purses). Fatehsinghrao Gaekwad was born to Pratap Singh Gaekwad, the last ruling Maharaja of Baroda and his first wife, Maharani Shantadevi Sahib Gaekwad (1914\u20132002). He succeeded as titular Maharaja of Baroda in 1951 when his father was deposed by the Government of India. He served in public office as a Member of Parliament for Vadodara, from 1957 to 1967, and 1971 to 1980, representing various Congress factions. In 1967 he did not contest Lok Sabha elections, and was elected to Gujarat Vidhan Sabha from Sayajiganj seat. During his tenure in Lok Sabha, he served as Parliamentary\n\nGMV Aramoana (a M\u0101ori-language word meaning sea pathway) was a roll-on/roll-off train ferry operating across Cook Strait between 1962 and 1983. History Government Motor Vessel (GMV) Aramoana was built in 1961 for the New Zealand Railways Department to link the North and South Island rail networks. She was the last vessel built by William Denny & Brothers, Dumbarton, on the River Clyde. She arrived from Scotland on 26 July 1962 and entered service on 13 August. In 1965, she was joined by the similar, but slightly larger, . On 10 April 1968 Aramoana was the largest of the rescue vessels when , a New Zealand inter-island ferry of the Union Company, foundered after striking Barrett Reef at the entrance to Wellington Harbour. Aramoanas two motor lifeboats were lost in the very heavy seas. In July 1977 Aramoana left Wellington to be rebuilt by Sembawang Shipyard in Singapore to carry 800\n\nQuestion: What is GMV Aramoana?", "output": "GMV Aramoana was a roll-on/roll-off train ferry operating across Cook Strait between 1962 and 1983."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "VfL Osnabr\u00fcck is a German multi-sport club in Osnabr\u00fcck, Lower Saxony. It currently fields teams in basketball, gymnastics, swimming, table tennis, and tennis but is by far best known for its football section. The football team currently plays in the 2. Bundesliga, having been promoted from the 3. Liga in 2023. They are coached by Tobias Schweinsteiger and last season were captained by Marc Heider. The club has the record for most seasons played in the 2. Bundesliga without ever playing in the Bundesliga, and is 10th in the 2. Bundesliga's all-time table. History Foundation to WW2 The club has its origins in the coming together on 17 April 1899 of the memberships of the \"wild\" clubs Antipodia, Germania, and Minerva to create Fu\u00dfball Club 1899 Osnabr\u00fcck. This group joined Osnabr\u00fccker Ballverein 05 in 1920 to play as BV 1899 Osnabr\u00fcck. Predecessor Osnabr\u00fccker BV 05 was the product of the\n\nOleksandr Mykolayovych Sharkovsky (also Sharkovskyy, Sharkovs\u2019kyi, sometimes \u0160arkovskii or Sarkovskii) (, 7 December 1936 \u2013 21 November 2022) was a Ukrainian mathematician most famous for developing Sharkovsky's theorem on the periods of discrete dynamical systems in 1964. He was a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (1978), and academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (2006). Prize laureate of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine named after M. M. Bogolyubov and M. O. Lavretiev. Life and career In 1952, Sharkovsky's name appeared in the mathematical world - the magazine \"Russian Mathematical Surveys\", when eighth-grader Oleksandr Sharkovsky became the winner of the Kyiv Mathematical Olympiad for schoolchildren. By his first year in Kyiv National University, he had already written his first scientific work. After graduating with honors from Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv he successfully completed postgraduate studies at the NASU Institute\n\nThe eagle bone whistle is a religious object, used by some members of Native American spiritual societies in sacred ceremonies. They are made from bones of either the American bald eagle or the American golden eagle, and are considered powerful spiritual objects. Use Eagle bone whistles are used in many ceremonies of various American Indigenous cultures. The eagle bone whistle may be considered as a ceremonial or sacred object which may not be considered a musical instrument, if music is defined as entertainment: \"There is no time or need...to wallow in distinctions between a feather-and-bone raptor and a bone whistle avian mysticism; one would no doubt end in dichotomous Western readings thereof.\" The whistle is used in some Peyote ceremonies of some sects of the Native American Church. Eagle bone whistles are used in a number of Sun Dance cultures, such as the Crow. The eagle-bone whistle is also used\n\nQuestion: Who is Oleksandr Sharkovsky", "output": "Oleksandr Mykolayovych Sharkovsky was a Ukrainian mathematician most famous for developing Sharkovsky's theorem on the periods of discrete dynamical systems in 1964."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kunigunde of Austria (16 March 1465 \u2013 6 August 1520), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duchess of Bavaria from 1487 to 1508, by her marriage to the Wittelsbach duke Albert IV. Biography Early life Kunigunde was born in Wiener Neustadt, the fourth of five children to Emperor Frederick III and his wife Eleanor, daughter of King Edward of Portugal. However, only she and her elder brother Maximilian survived to adulthood. Frederick blamed her mother for the deaths of her older siblings, saying that she had fed them too much Portuguese sweet food. When Kunigunde fell ill, Frederick rushed into the women's quarter, took the baby from the cradle and moved her to his own bedchamber, removing her from the mother's supposed harmful care. Eleanor quickly fell ill herself. It is unknown whether mother and child ever saw each other again before her death. She was raised in\n\nGeneva Steel was a steel mill located in Vineyard, Utah, United States, founded during World War II to enhance national steel output. It operated from December 1944 to November 2001. Its unique name came from a resort that once operated nearby on the shore of Utah Lake. Integrated Steel mill The plant was an integrated steel mill. Raw materials were shipped in by rail, processed into steel and steel products, and then reshipped by rail and truck to their final market. The plant, in addition to having all of the facilities for primary steel making, included on-site conversion of coal into coke, plus other facilities for post-processing of coal byproducts, including production of inorganic fertilizers. Blast furnaces converted raw iron ores into pig iron, and final conversion into steel was via open hearth furnaces. Rolling mill facilities for forming steel into plate, and some structural shapes were also located there.\n\nPlane of immanence () is a founding concept in the metaphysics or ontology of French philosopher Gilles Deleuze. Immanence, meaning residing or becoming within, generally offers a relative opposition to transcendence, that which extends beyond or outside. Deleuze \"refuses to see deviations, redundancies, destructions, cruelties or contingency as accidents that befall or lie outside life; life and death [are] aspects of desire or the plane of immanence.\" This plane is a pure immanence which is an unqualified immersion or embeddedness, an immanence which denies transcendence as a real distinction, Cartesian or otherwise. Pure immanence is thus often referred to as a pure plane, an infinite field or smooth space without substantial or constitutive division. In his final essay entitled Immanence: A Life, Deleuze wrote: \"It is only when immanence is no longer immanence to anything other than itself that we can speak of a plane of immanence.\" Immanence as a\n\nQuestion: Define Plane of immanence.", "output": "Plane of immanence is a founding concept in the metaphysics or ontology of French philosopher Gilles Deleuze."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mike Westhoff (born January 10, 1948) is an American football coach who is the assistant head coach for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). Previously, he coached Special Teams for a number of teams, most notably for the New York Jets and Miami Dolphins. Westhoff is considered to be among the greatest special teams coaches in league history. Coaching career Miami Dolphins Westhoff was the special teams / tight ends coach for the Dolphins from 1986 - 2000. New York Jets Westhoff joined the Jets staff in 2001 after spending the previous 15 seasons in a similar capacity with the Miami Dolphins. He stepped down as the special teams coach for the New York Jets in December 2007 after the final game. On September 1, 2008, it was announced Westhoff would return to the Jets' sideline for the 2008 season in an undefined role. On August 8,\n\nMizrock is Miz's second Japanese album and contains the a-sides and b-sides to the last three singles before it: In The Sky, Backseat Baby, and Bittersweet. This album revolves more around rock (hence the name Mizrock) and jerkier tunes. The English version of New Day (bonus track on the limited edition) is the same as the one in Dreams. The English version of the track In The Sky, previously known as Amazing, was used in the Square-Enix game Grandia III. Track listing \"Bittersweet\" \"Eyes Don't Lie\" \"In The Sky\" \"Backseat Baby\" \"An Ordinary Day\" \"What Difference\" \"Dreamer\" \"Give It All Away\" \"In The Rain\" \"Yesterday\" \"Part Of My Balance\" \"Welcome To Our Party\" \"In My Life\" Bonus tracks \"New Day\" - English Version \"In The Sky\" - English Version Limited Edition DVD Backseat Baby (music clip) Bittersweet\" (music clip) Bittersweet making of Bittersweet + Mizrock photo session 2006 albums Victor\n\nThe bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is a bird of prey found in North America. A sea eagle, it has two known subspecies and forms a species pair with the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), which occupies the same niche as the bald eagle in the Palearctic. Its range includes most of Canada and Alaska, all of the contiguous United States, and northern Mexico. It is found near large bodies of open water with an abundant food supply and old-growth trees for nesting. The bald eagle is an opportunistic feeder which subsists mainly on fish, which it swoops down upon and snatches from the water with its talons. It builds the largest nest of any North American bird and the largest tree nests ever recorded for any animal species, up to deep, wide, and in weight. Sexual maturity is attained at the age of four to five years. Bald eagles are not\n\nQuestion: Who is Mike Westhoff", "output": "Mike Westhoff is an American football coach who is the assistant head coach for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Seth Merrill Gates (October 16, 1800 \u2013 August 24, 1877) was an American merchant, attorney and politician. He served as a member of the New York State Assembly and as a United States representative from the U.S. state of New York. Early life Gates was born in Winfield, New York, the son of Seth Gates and Abigail (Merrill) Gates. In 1806, he moved to Sheldon, New York, with his family. He attended the common schools and Middlebury Academy located in the village of Wyoming, New York, before working as a teacher. Career He became inspector of the common schools, and in 1825, he served as the deputy sheriff of Le Roy, New York. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1827. He began the practice of law in Le Roy and served as supervisor of Le Roy in 1830. In 1832, he served as a Whig member\n\nTomoka State Park is an Florida State Park located along the Tomoka River, three miles (5 km) north of Ormond Beach on North Beach Street. Fauna Among the wildlife of the park are West Indian manatees, alligators, white-tailed deer, gopher tortoises, bobcats, and 160 species of birds. Seasonal birds of prey include the bald eagle, peregrine falcon, and northern harrier. The park's wading birds include egrets, herons, wood stork and American white ibis. Historic status Within the park is the site of the Timucuan village of Nocoroco, located on the Tomoka River. Researchers suggest that the land containing the Tomoka Mound Complex just south of the Nocoroco village site was occupied as early as 5000 B.C. It was also the location of a plantation owned by Richard Oswald, a wealthy Scottish merchant, who owned the plantation throughout the British rule of Florida. It became a state park in 1945. On\n\nThe Judith Mountains are located in central Montana in the Central Montana Alkalic Province in Fergus County, just to the northeast of Lewistown, Montana. Judith Peak is the highest summit of this range, with an elevation of . History To the southeast of Judith Peak lies the remains of Fort Maginnis. Fort Maginnis was built in 1880 to protect the cattle ranches, the gold mining camps in and around the Judith Mountains and the Carroll Trail. The fort was constructed following the battle of the Little Bighorn. In 1879, Granville Stuart and his friend Samuel T. Hauser along with Helena banker Andrew J. Davis established the Davis, Hauser and Stuart (DHS) cattle company. Stuart was made the general manager of the DHS brand and Stuart located the ranch headquarters on on the southern slopes of the Judith Mountains near Flat Willow Creek. The DHS Ranch was one of the largest\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Judith Mountains is.", "output": "The Judith Mountains are located in central Montana in the Central Montana Alkalic Province in Fergus County, just to the northeast of Lewistown, Montana."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "I Never Liked You is a graphic novel by Canadian cartoonist Chester Brown. The story first ran between 1991 and 1993 under the title Fuck, in issues of Brown's comic book Yummy Fur; published in book form by Drawn & Quarterly in 1994. It deals with the teenage Brown's introversion and difficulty talking to others, especially members of the opposite sex\u2014including his mother. The story has minimal dialogue and is sparsely narrated. The artwork is amongst the simplest in Brown's body of work\u2014some pages consist only of a single small panel. Brown established his reputation in the early alternative comics scene of the 1980s with the surreal, taboo-breaking Ed the Happy Clown. He brought that story to an abrupt end in 1989 when, excited by the autobiographical comics of Joe Matt and Julie Doucet, he turned towards personal stories. The uncomplicated artwork of his friend and fellow Toronto cartoonist Seth\n\nBirmingham Guild of Handicraft was an Arts and Crafts organisation operating in Birmingham, England, established at the end of the 19th century. History The Guild began as a loose part of the Birmingham Kyrle Society, then became a more fully formed group within the Kyrle Society in 1890, under the leadership of the silversmith and architect Arthur Stansfeld Dixon (1856\u20131929) and with the lawyer Montague Fordham as first director, in Vittoria Street School for jewellers and silversmiths, Hockley. It was modelled on Charles Robert Ashbee's London-based Guild and School of Handicraft, founded in 1888, but like that body found itself in financial difficulties owing to high running costs and a lack of money-making ventures. In 1895, the Guild set up as an independent workshop and limited company under the guidance of Edward R. Taylor, who was an important figure in the history of Birmingham School of Art. William Kenrick, the\n\nHandel-C is a high-level programming language which targets low-level hardware, most commonly used in the programming of FPGAs. It is a rich subset of C, with non-standard extensions to control hardware instantiation with an emphasis on parallelism. Handel-C is to hardware design what the first high-level programming languages were to programming CPUs. Unlike many other design languages that target a specific architecture Handel-C can be compiled to a number of design languages and then synthesised to the corresponding hardware. This frees developers to concentrate on the programming task at hand rather than the idiosyncrasies of a specific design language and architecture. Additional features The subset of C includes all common C language features necessary to describe complex algorithms. Like many embedded C compilers, floating point data types were omitted. Floating point arithmetic is supported through external libraries that are very efficient. Parallel programs In order to facilitate a way to\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Birmingham Guild of Handicraft is.", "output": "Birmingham Guild of Handicraft was an Arts and Crafts organisation operating in Birmingham, England, established at the end of the 19th century."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alan Peter Roberts (born 1982), known professionally as Jim Noir, is an English singer-songwriter from Davyhulme, Greater Manchester. He has released five albums to date: 2005's Tower of Love, 2008's self-titled LP Jim Noir, 2012's Jimmy's Show, 2014's Finnish Line, and 2019's A.M. Jazz, as well as a number of EPs. Biography Noir's stage name is in homage to Vic Reeves, whose real name is Jim Moir. His early releases, including Tower of Love as well as all of the preceding EPs, were self-recorded at his parents' home in Davyhulme, Manchester. Noir's music has been described as psychedelic pop electronica with simple, often repetitive lyrics. Noir is a multi-instrumentalist, playing all the instruments on his work. He uses a band at performances. He played at the 2006 and 2008 South by Southwest music festival in Austin, Texas and is currently signed to Seattle-based indie label Barsuk Records in the States,\n\nIn geometry, the great cubicuboctahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U14. It has 20 faces (8 triangles, 6 squares and 6 octagrams), 48 edges, and 24 vertices. Its square faces and its octagrammic faces are parallel to those of a cube, while its triangular faces are parallel to those of an octahedron: hence the name cubicuboctahedron. The prefix great serves to distinguish it from the small cubicuboctahedron, which also has faces in the aforementioned directions. Orthographic projections Related polyhedra It shares the vertex arrangement with the convex truncated cube and two other nonconvex uniform polyhedra. It additionally shares its edge arrangement with the nonconvex great rhombicuboctahedron (having the triangular faces and 6 square faces in common), and with the great rhombihexahedron (having the octagrammic faces in common). Great hexacronic icositetrahedron The great hexacronic icositetrahedron (or great lanceal disdodecahedron) is the dual of the great cubicuboctahedron. See also List\n\nBurmu block is a community development block in the Ranchi Sadar subdivision of Ranchi district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Maoist activities, dissent Jharkhand is one of the states affected by Maoist activities. , Ranchi district was among the highly affected districts in the state. \"Areas of Tamar, Bundu, Sonahatu, Angarha, Sikidari Police Stations and Rahe O.P. have been widely affected by activities of CPI (Maoist) group till the end of year 2009. At the end of year 2010, The activities of CPI (Maoist) group has been minimized up to almost zero level.\" According to the Jharkhand Police spokesperson and Inspector General (IG) Saket Singh, as reported on 8 December 2020, \"The activities of CPI-Maoist are now confined to small pockets in the state because of our efforts.\" Civilian fatalities, a key index of security in a region, declined from 20 in 2019, to 8 in 2020, the lowest\n\nQuestion: What's Great cubicuboctahedron?", "output": "In geometry, the great cubicuboctahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U14."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Psychological astrology, or astropsychology, is the result of the cross-fertilisation of the fields of astrology with depth psychology, humanistic psychology and transpersonal psychology. There are several methods of analyzing the horoscope in the contemporary psychological astrology: the horoscope can be analysed through the archetypes within astrology (as is characteristic for Jungian approach in astrology) or the analyses can be rooted in the psychological need and motivational theories. There might exist other astrological methods and approaches rooted in psychology. Astrologer and psychotherapist Glenn Perry characterises psychological astrology as \"both a personality theory and a diagnostic tool\". No methodologically sound scientific studies exist that show a benefit or detriment in using psychological astrology. Psychological astrology, or astropsychology is a pseudoscience. Origins In the twentieth century, the western esoteric tradition inspired the Swiss psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology, Carl Jung to formulate his archetypal hypothesis, influenced by Plato's theory of ideas or\n\nStenopelix (meaning \"narrow pelvis\") is a genus of small marginocephalian dinosaur, possibly a basal ceratopsian, from the Early Cretaceous of Germany. It lived in the late Berriasian Stage of the Cretaceous period, approximately 140 myr ago. The genus is based on a partial skeleton lacking the skull, and its classification is based on characteristics of the hips. Discovery and species In 1855, in a sandstone quarry near B\u00fcckeburg on the Harrl, a fossil was found of a small dinosaur. Most of its bones were in a poor condition and removed on preparation, leaving two sets of hollow impressions on the plate and counterplate. The two plates do not overlap completely. The hollows, serving as a natural mold, have since been used to produce several casts in gypsum and latex to facilitate the study of the specimen. It was originally part of the collection of Max Ballerstedt preserved in the B\u00fcckeburg\n\nWilliam Le Lacheur or Guillaume Le Lacheur (15 October 1802 \u2013 27 June 1863), was a Guernsey sea captain who played an important role in the economic and spiritual development of Costa Rica. Le Lacheur is widely credited in Costa Rica with having transformed the economy of the country by establishing a direct regular trade route for Costa Rican coffee growers to the European market, thereby helping to establish the Costa Rican coffee trade. Biography Early life William Le Lacheur was born on 15 October 1802 and was baptised Guillaume Le Lacheur (using the French version of the forename) in the parish church of the Forest, Guernsey, on 31 October by his parents Jean Le Lacheur and Marie Suzanne (n\u00e9e Allez). He was named after his grandfather, Guillaume Allez, who was also one of his godparents. Little is known of his education and upbringing. At a young age, he went\n\nQuestion: Tell me about William Le Lacheur.", "output": "William Le Lacheur or Guillaume Le Lacheur, was a Guernsey sea captain who played an important role in the economic and spiritual development of Costa Rica."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dame Gwen Lucy Ffrangcon-Davies, (25 January 1891 \u2013 27 January 1992) was a British actress who worked mainly in theatre and television, as well as radio and film. She made her last acting appearance as a centenarian in 1991. Early life She was born in London of a Welsh family; the name \"Ffrangcon\" is said to originate from a valley in Snowdonia. Her parents were opera baritone David Ffrangcon-Davies (n\u00e9 David Thomas Davies) and Annie Francis Rayner. Career Ffrangcon-Davies made her stage debut in 1911, as a singer as well as an actress, and received encouragement in her career from Ellen Terry. In 1924, she played Juliet opposite John Gielgud as Romeo, and Gielgud was grateful to her for the rest of his life for the kindness she showed him, casting her as Queen Anne in Richard of Bordeaux in 1934. In 1925, Ffrangcon-Davies played Tess in a stage version\n\nWEPA-CD, virtual channel 59 (UHF digital channel 16), was a low-power, Class A Cozi TV-affiliated television station that was licensed to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The station was owned by OTA Broadcasting. The simulcast network gave it coverage similar to or greater than that of full-power television stations in that market. History The stations were founded and owned by Bruno-Goodworth Network, Inc. until sold on August 26, 2013 for $7.25 million to OTA Broadcasting, LLC (a company controlled by Michael Dell's MSD Capital). After the sale, WEPA-CD became an affiliate of Cozi TV, Movies! and Retro TV. Because of the coverage it had, WEPA was one of the few Class A stations in the country that is \"reportable\" by Nielsen Media Research . However, on April 13, 2017, FCC announced that it had accepted OTA Broadcasting's bids totaling $73.9 million to sell the spectrum rights of WEPA-CD and four other\n\nIn Ireland, a republican plot is a cemetery plot where combatants or members of various Irish republican organisations are buried in a group of adjacent graves, rather than being buried with family members. These plots often hold the bodies of casualties of earlier 19th and 20th-century campaigns by organisations such as the Fenians or the IRA. Most republican plots are owned and maintained by the National Graves Association. Notable Republican plots include those at Glasnevin Cemetery in Dublin, and Milltown Cemetery in Belfast, the Belfast graveyard was the site of a fatal attack on a Republican funeral in 1988 by a loyalist paramilitary, Michael Stone. Republican plots are the focus of annual commemorations by Republican groups and also by political parties such as Fianna F\u00e1il, the Workers' Party and Sinn F\u00e9in and its offshoots, each group commemorating its own fallen, as Fianna F\u00e1il commemorations focus exclusively on members of the\n\nQuestion: Who is Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies", "output": "Dame Gwen Lucy Ffrangcon-Davies, was a British actress who worked mainly in theatre and television, as well as radio and film."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ricardo Piglia (November 24, 1941 in Adrogu\u00e9, Argentina \u2013 January 6, 2017 in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine author, critic, and scholar best known for introducing hard-boiled fiction to the Argentine public. Biography Born in Adrogu\u00e9, Piglia was raised in Mar del Plata. He studied history in 1961-1962 at the National University of La Plata. Ricardo Piglia published his first collection of fiction in 1967, La invasi\u00f3n. He worked in various publishing houses in Buenos Aires and was in charge of the Serie Negra which published well-known authors of crime fiction including Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, David Goodis and Horace McCoy. A fan of American literature, he was also influenced by F. Scott Fitzgerald and William Faulkner, as well as by European authors Franz Kafka and Robert Musil. Piglia's fiction includes several collections of short stories as well as highly allusive crime novels, among them Respiraci\u00f3n artificial (1980, trans. Artificial\n\nBenapole () is a township in Sharsha Upazila in the Jessore District of Bangladesh. The Petrapole Customs station of India is situated across the border and since 1971 (some sources say 1947), many people have travelled between Bangladesh and India through Benapole Customs / Land port station. The railway link between Bangladesh and India through Benapole was discontinued when war broke out between Pakistan and India in September 1965 (during this time, modern day Bangladesh was part of Pakistan, known as East Pakistan). Urbanization of Benapole started in the 1990s along the Grand Trunk Road. In April 1971, the operational area of the sector 8 comprised the districts of Kushtia, Jessore, Khulna, Barisal, Faridpur and Patuakhali. At the end of May the sector was reconstituted and comprised the districts of Kuhstia, Jessore, Khulna, Satkhira and the northern part of Faridpur district. Benapole served as the headquarters of sector 8 in\n\nAllah (; , , ) is the common Arabic word for God. In the English language, the word generally refers to God in Islam. The word is thought to be derived by contraction from al-il\u0101h, which means \"the god\", and is linguistically related to the Aramaic words Elah and Syriac (\u02bcAl\u0101h\u0101) and the Hebrew word El (Elohim) for God. The word Allah has been used by Arabic people of different religions since pre-Islamic times. The pre-Islamic Arabs worshipped a supreme deity whom they called Allah, alongside other lesser deities. Muhammad used the word Allah to indicate the Islamic conception of God. Allah has been used as a term for God by Muslims (both Arab and non-Arab), Judaeo-Arabic-speaking Jews, and Arab Christians after the term \"al-il\u0101h\" and \"Allah\" were used interchangeably in Classical Arabic by the majority of Arabs who had become Muslims. It is also often, albeit not exclusively, used\n\nQuestion: Define Benapole.", "output": "Benapole is a township in Sharsha Upazila in the Jessore District of Bangladesh."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Arthur Byrne (born 14 September 1997), better known by his ring name Leyton Buzzard, is an English professional wrestler. He is best known for his work in Insane Championship Wrestling where he is a former ICW World Heavyweight Champion, and a one-time Zero-G Champion. He currently working for Big Japan Pro-Wrestling. He was previously a child actor on stage and screen, and was one of the twelve potential Olivers on the BBC talent show I'd Do Anything, making the final eight. Acting career Byrne first became involved in acting at the age of eight, and was encouraged by his parents who had seen their son sing along to Disney classics. A year later, his first role was when a production of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang came to Bristol, and he played the role of Jeremy Potts. Following this, he would be continuously working stage shows until 2008, when he appeared\n\nBrenda Kahn (born May 3, 1967) is an American singer-songwriter, poet and educator based in Boulder, Colorado, who is known for her poetic lyrics. Background Her career began in 1990, when her first album, Goldfish Don't Talk Back, was released to critical acclaim. Her punk-tinged folk music led to a major label deal with the Chaos label at Columbia Records, and in 1992, Kahn released Epiphany in Brooklyn. This album, which featured Kahn's darkly humorous stories of love, confusion, and tragedy in urban America, was heralded by critics and fans throughout the United States. People magazine compared her to the Violent Femmes and Patti Smith. Creem Magazine dubbed her \"the high priestess of the apocalyptic relationship.\" Kahn was selected to open up for Bob Dylan and The Kinks, toured the US and Europe, and seemed on the brink of stardom. Chaos Records folded just two weeks before Kahn's awaited third\n\nThe Bosporus or Bosphorus Strait ( ; , ; , colloquially ) is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul in northwestern Turkey that connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara. It forms part of the continental boundary between Asia and Europe, and divides Turkey by separating Anatolia from Thrace. It is the world's narrowest strait used for international navigation. Most of the shores of the Bosporus Strait, except for the area to the north, are heavily settled, with the city of Istanbul's metropolitan population of 17 million inhabitants extending inland from both banks. The Bosporus Strait and the Dardanelles Strait at the opposite end of the Sea of Marmara are together known as the Turkish Straits. Sections of the shore of the Bosporus in Istanbul have been reinforced with concrete or rubble and those sections of the Strait prone to deposition are periodically\n\nQuestion: Who is Leyton Buzzard", "output": "Arthur Byrne, better known by his ring name Leyton Buzzard, is an English professional wrestler."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Amarasimha (IAST: , ) was a Sanskrit grammarian and poet from ancient India, of whose personal history hardly anything is known. He is said to have been \"one of the nine gems that adorned the throne of Vikramaditya,\" and according to the evidence of Xuanzang, this is the Chandragupta Vikramaditya (Chandragupta II) who flourished about CE 375. Other sources describe him as belonging to the period of Vikramaditya of 7th century. Most of Amarasi\u1e43ha's works were lost, with the exception of the celebrated Amara-Kosha (IAST: ) (Treasury of Amara). The first reliable mention of the Amarakosha is in the Amoghavritti of Shakatayana composed during the reign of Amoghavarsha (814-867 CE) The Amarakosha is a lexicon of Sanskrit words in three books, and hence is sometimes called the Trik\u0101\u1e47\u1e0d\u012b or the \"Tripartite\". It is also known as \"Namalinganushasana\". The Amarakosha contains 10,000 words, and is arranged, like other works of its\n\nBabestation (labelled Babenation on the Sky EPG) is an adult chat television channel and programme block which has aired on television in the United Kingdom since 2002. Since 2015, Babestation has also had a complementary website that includes more options than those available on the TV channel. The television version was the first show of its kind in the UK allowing viewers to communicate live with female presenters via a premium-rate telephone number or text messaging. It is broadcast daily, and since 2006 has had a dedicated channel on Sky. Its sister stations and websites are more hardcore in nature but the main programme shown on TV is also streamed on the Internet via the Babestation websites. History Babestation began in late 2002 as a post-watershed two-hour programme (11 pm \u2013 1 am) on the computer game channel Game Network UK. Babestation featured two women taking calls (unheard by the\n\nUSS Whitehurst (DE-634), a of the United States Navy, was named in honor of Ensign Henry Purefoy Whitehurst, Jr., a crew member of the who was killed during the Battle of Savo Island in August 1942. Service history Whitehurst (DE-634) was laid down on 21 March 1943 at San Francisco, California, by the Bethlehem Steel Co.; launched on 5 September 1943; sponsored by Mrs Robie S. Whitehurst, mother of Ensign Whitehurst and commissioned on 19 November 1943. World War II Following shakedown off the west coast, Whitehurst proceeded to Hawaii, arriving at Pearl Harbor on 4 February 1944. Underway for the Solomons on the 7th, she sailed via Majuro and Funafuti with and SC-502, escorting SS George Ross, SS George Constantine and SS Robert Lucas, arriving on 23 February at Espiritu Santo in the New Hebrides. After shifting to Noum\u00e9a, New Caledonia, and back to Espiritu Santo, Whitehurst joined and\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Amarasimha is.", "output": "Amarasimha was a Sanskrit grammarian and poet from ancient India, of whose personal history hardly anything is known."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Riaumont (literally meaning \"royal mountain\") is located on the hill of Riaumont, in the commune of Li\u00e9vin, in the Pas-de-Calais d\u00e9partement in northern France, in the former province of Artois. It refers to a Benedictine monastic community, a children's residential village, and a Scout group. History The village and religious community was first directed since its formation in the 1960s by Father Revet, until his death in 1986. Built for young people at the request of the DDASS (the French social services) and the judges of Pas-de-Calais, this centre and independent school accepts children with disabilities like autism. The establishment was a main centre for children placed under the supervision of the DDASS. The French State financed the construction and the maintenance of the buildings as well as the teachers' salaries. The children have worked on the various building sites (receptions, farm, chapel, scout building, monastery, etc.), sometimes as a\n\nThe Dakota College at Bottineau Lumberjacks Ice Hockey are a Junior Collegiate ice hockey team from Bottineau, North Dakota. The Lumberjacks are one of seven sanctioned sports at Dakota College at Bottineau, a member of the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA). The Lumberjacks play their home games at the 800-seat Bottineau Community Arena, also referred to as the Lumberdome. Dakota College play roughly a 30-game season schedule against NJCAA opponents, and various ACHA, NCAA Division III teams, college JV teams, and Jr. A teams. History The Lumberjacks have won the NJCAA National Championships ten times: 1986, 1991, 1998, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2016, and 2017. During the 2005\u201306 season, the team participated in the Junior A Superior International Junior Hockey League. Season-by-season results Notable alumni Ryan Bartle (2005-06) - Twin City Cyclones (SPHL), Mississippi Surge (SPHL) Jed Johnsen (2007-09) - Evansville Icemen (AAHL), Queen City Storm (AAHL) Dustin\n\nTain railway station is an unstaffed railway station serving the area of Tain in the Highland council area of Scotland. The station is on the Far North Line, from , between Fearn and Ardgay. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services. History In its heyday the station had a staff of approximately thirty people. The station was opened on 1 June 1864 by the Highland Railway. Murdoch Paterson was the engineer involved in the construction of the station (1863\u20131864). There have been two engine sheds at Tain in the past: the first was timber-built and originally from Invergordon, which included a turntable. It was re-erected and reopened in June 1864, but burned down on 20 April 1877. The second was stone-built and opened in 1877. There were no facilities at the shed, although there was a water column and a turntable at the station. It was closed on 18\n\nQuestion: Define Riaumont.", "output": "Riaumont is located on the hill of Riaumont, in the commune of Li\u00e9vin, in the Pas-de-Calais d\u00e9partement in northern France, in the former province of Artois."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The European beewolf (Philanthus triangulum), also known as the bee-killer wasp or the bee-eating philanthus (from the now obsolete synonym Philanthus apivorus), is a solitary wasp that lives in the Western Palearctic and Afrotropics. Although the adults of the species are herbivores (feeding on nectar and pollen), the species derives its name from the behaviour of the inseminated females, who hunt Western honey bees. The female places several of its paralysed prey together with an egg in a small underground chamber, to serve as food for the wasp larvae. All members of the genus Philanthus hunt various species of bees, but P. triangulum is apparently the only one that specialises in Western honey bees. Identification The European beewolf is a species of solitary wasp with bold yellow and black markings on the abdomen, males have trident-shaped markings between their bluish eyes while the larger females have a reddish stripe behind\n\nTitus Brandsma, OCarm (; born Anno Sjoerd Brandsma; 23 February 188126 July 1942) was a Dutch Carmelite friar, Catholic priest and professor of philosophy. Brandsma was vehemently opposed to Nazi ideology and spoke out against it many times before the Second World War. He was imprisoned at the Dachau concentration camp, where he was murdered. He was beatified by the Catholic Church in November 1985 as a martyr of the faith and canonized as a saint on 15 May 2022 by Pope Francis. Early life Brandsma was born Anno Sjoerd Brandsma to Titus Brandsma (died 1920) and his wife Tjitsje Postma (died 1933) at Oegeklooster, near Hartwerd, in the Province of Friesland in 1881. His parents, who ran a small dairy farm, were devout and committed Catholics, a minority in a predominantly Calvinist region. With the exception of one daughter, all of their children (three daughters and two sons) entered\n\nPampisford is a village, south of Cambridge, on the A505 road near Sawston, Cambridgeshire, England. The remaining section of a defensive ditch, dug to close the gap between forest and marsh, is known as Brent Ditch, which runs between Abington Park and Dickman's Grove, and is most clearly seen in the park of Pampisford Hall. Famous local families The Herald's Visitations (1575 and 1619) record an armiger holding an estate here, John Killingworth, who is designated \"of Pampisford\", although he appears to have resided at another Killingworth estate, West Hall Manor at Mundford, in Norfolk. John had been educated at Queens' College, Cambridge. The Killingworths also held Balsham Place Manor in Cambridgeshire and John purchased Clare Priory in Suffolk from John Frende in 1589, who had it at the dissolution. It appears that the Killingworths were feudal tenants of the manor at Pampisford, held from the Cloville family as superiors\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Titus Brandsma.", "output": "Titus Brandsma, OCarm was a Dutch Carmelite friar, Catholic priest and professor of philosophy."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Ghosts of Motley Hall is a British children's television series written by Richard Carpenter. It was produced and directed by Quentin Lawrence for Granada Television, and broadcast between 1976 and 1978 on the ITV network. The series relates the adventures of five ghosts who haunt the crumbling, abandoned Motley Hall. Each ghost is from a different era, and all except one (Matt) are unable to leave the confines of the building\u2014and even Matt is unable to travel outside the grounds of the Hall. The only regular character who is not a ghost is Mr. Gudgin, a real estate agent and the de facto caretaker of Motley Hall. Though Gudgin is tasked with selling the hall and its property, the ghosts are anxious that it be sold to someone who will respect it and restore it to its former glory; consequently, they often work to thwart a potential sale to\n\nSt Anthony Head is a National Trust property situated at the southernmost tip of the Roseland Peninsula, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, overlooking the entrance to one of the world's largest natural harbours: Carrick Roads and the estuary of River Fal. It preserves the former St Anthony Battery, built in 1895\u201397 to defend the estuary of the River Fal. The headland is designated as part of Carricknath Point to Porthbean Beach and Lower Fal & Helford Intertidal Sites of Special Scientific Interest. At its tip lies St Anthony's Lighthouse. Shipwreck Empire Tavistock was a 798 GRT coastal tanker which was built by Grangemouth Dockyard Co Ltd, Grangemouth. Launched on 29 January 1945 and completed in April 1945. Sold in 1946 to Van Castricum & Co Ltd, London and renamed Sobat. Sold in 1951 to F. T. Everard & Sons Ltd and renamed Allegrity. On 13 December 1961 she ran aground at\n\nTeteven (, ) is a town on the banks of the Vit, at the foot of the Balkan mountains in north central Bulgaria. It is the administrative centre of the Teteven Municipality which is a part of Lovech Province. As of December 2010, the town had a population of 10,733 inhabitants. Geography Teteven is located in a mountainous area, in the foothills of the Balkan mountains between the peaks Ostrich, Petrahilya, Cherven, Treskavets and Vezhen. The river Vit meanders through the town. The altitude of Teteven district varies from 340 to 2100 m, and in the town center it is 415 m. The climate is temperate continental with cold winters and cool summers. The territory of Teteven is about 697 km\u00b2, which is 16.86% of the territory of Lovech district. History The town was first mentioned in a written document in 1421. It is thought that the town's name comes\n\nQuestion: Define St Anthony Head.", "output": "St Anthony Head is a National Trust property situated at the southernmost tip of the Roseland Peninsula, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, overlooking the  entrance to one of the world's largest natural harbours: Carrick Roads and the estuary of River Fal."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In statistical mechanics, the Zimm\u2013Bragg model is a helix-coil transition model that describes helix-coil transitions of macromolecules, usually polymer chains. Most models provide a reasonable approximation of the fractional helicity of a given polypeptide; the Zimm\u2013Bragg model differs by incorporating the ease of propagation (self-replication) with respect to nucleation. It is named for co-discoverers Bruno H. Zimm and J. K. Bragg. Helix-coil transition models Helix-coil transition models assume that polypeptides are linear chains composed of interconnected segments. Further, models group these sections into two broad categories: coils, random conglomerations of disparate unbound pieces, are represented by the letter 'C', and helices, ordered states where the chain has assumed a structure stabilized by hydrogen bonding, are represented by the letter 'H'. Thus, it is possible to loosely represent a macromolecule as a string such as CCCCHCCHCHHHHHCHCCC and so forth. The number of coils and helices factors into the calculation of fractional\n\nBarro Alto is a municipality in northern Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil, famous for its nickel mine and production of rubber. The population was 6,446 in 2007 and the total area of the municipality was 1,231.8 km2. Location Barro Alto is in the Ceres Microregion and is in an underpopulated region south of the Serra de Mesa artificial lake. It is 54 kilometers southeast of the important BR-153 highway, which links An\u00e1polis to Bel\u00e9m. The distance to Goi\u00e2nia is 228 km. Highway connections are made by GO-080 / Ner\u00f3polis / S\u00e3o Francisco de Goi\u00e1s / BR-153 / Jaragu\u00e1 / GO-080 / Goian\u00e9sia and 41 km northeast. See Sepin for complete list. Neighboring municipalities are: north: Niquel\u00e2ndia south: Goian\u00e9sia east: Padre Bernardo west: Santa Rita do Novo Destino History The foundation of Barro Alto began in 1949 on the Fazenda Barro Alto owned by the Silva brothers, who had lived there since 1940.\n\nThe Hopland Band of Pomo Indians of the Hopland Rancheria is a federally recognized tribe of Pomo people in Mendocino County, California, south of Ukiah. The Hopland Band Pomos traditionally lived in the Sanel Valley. Reservation The Hopland Pomo's reservation is the Hopland Rancheria. Approximately 700 tribal members live in the area and 50 on the rancher\u00eda. The Rancheria was established in 1907 and is large. It is located about east of Hopland, California. Government The Hopland Pomo ratified their constitution on August 20, 1981, which established a governing 7-person council. The tribe conducts business from Hopland, California. Services and programs The Hopland Band of Pomo Indians has a tribal education program, EPA office, health department, utility department, police department, court system, and economic development corporation. The tribe owns and operates the Hopland Sho-Ka-Wah Casino, located east of Hopland. Disenrollment In 2016, the Hopland Band disenrolled 74 members of the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Zimm\u2013Bragg model is.", "output": "In statistical mechanics, the Zimm\u2013Bragg model is a helix-coil transition model that describes helix-coil transitions of macromolecules, usually polymer chains."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Steve The Second was a four-part comedy series that was broadcast Saturday mornings on CBC Radio One, running from 11:30 - 12:00pm (half an hour later in Newfoundland). The successor series to Steve, The First, this bleak comedy was set 25 years after the original story. Set in a post-apocalyptic future, it details the story of the son of the original Steve as he is sent for by his mother to save the city of Orontonto (a thinly disguised Toronto) as it is besieged by the Dark Alliance. Steve The Second was written by Matt Watts, who also starred in the episodes. It was succeeded in its time slot by High Definition. Crew Tom Anniko directed all four episodes. Joe Mahoney recorded and mixed every episode and also served as the series story editor. Anton Szabo performed all the sound effects. Tom Anniko was also the Executive Producer. References External\n\nRinchinnyam Amarjargal (Mongolian ; born February 27, 1961) was Prime Minister of Mongolia from July 30, 1999 to July 26, 2000. He is a leading member of the Democratic Party. Life Early years and education Amarjargal was born in Ulaanbaatar in 1961. He fluently speaks Mongolian, Russian and English. He attended the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics in Moscow and earned a diploma in financial economy in 1982. From 1981 to 1982, he also attended the Evening University for Marxism\u2013Leninism. After that, Amarjargal worked at the Central Committee of Mongolian Trade Union. He taught at Military Institute from 1983 to 1990 and at Technical University from 1990 to 1991. He worked as a director of the Economic College of Mongolia from 1991 to 1996. From 1994 to 1995, he studied at the University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England, and graduated with a Master of Science in Macroeconomic Policy and Planning.\n\nSuper Bock is a Portuguese beer brand from the Super Bock Group brewery which produces a range of beers under the same name. Established in 1927, Super Bock maintains a leading position in the market and it is among the favourite beer brands of the Portuguese. It is also the best-selling Portuguese beer in the world. History The Super Bock brand was born in 1927, launched as a \"winter beer\", directly entering the list of prestigious beers. Interestingly, Super Bock, even before being registered, won its first prize in 1926, in its presentation at the Industrial Exhibition at Pal\u00e1cio de Cristal, winning the gold medal. 1942 - In the midst of World War II, Super Bock is produced entirely with national malt, due to navigation difficulties that lead to the use of 100% national malts for beer production, for the first time 1964 - Inauguration of the new production center\n\nQuestion: What is Steve, The Second?", "output": "Steve The Second was a four-part comedy series that was broadcast Saturday mornings on CBC Radio One, running from 11:30 - 12:00pm."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Laplatasaurus (meaning \"La Plata lizard\", named for La Plata, Argentina) is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous in South America, with the holotype and only known specimen found in the Anacleto Formation. Naming and description The genus was named in 1927 by Friedrich von Huene, but without a description, so that it remained a nomen nudum. In 1929 the type species, Laplatasaurus araukanicus, was described by Huene. The generic name refers to La Plata. The specific name is derived from the Araucanos or Mapuche. By accident Huene in 1929 also mentioned a \"Laplatasaurus wichmannianus\" but that was a lapsus calami for Antarctosaurus wichmannianus. In 1933 however, he and Charles Alfred Matley renamed Titanosaurus madagascariensis to Laplatasaurus madagascariensis. This last species is today commonly referred to the original Titanosaurus. Huene based Laplatasaurus on fragmentary material found in three locations in Argentina, in strata of the\n\nLeg theory is a bowling tactic in the sport of cricket. The term leg theory is somewhat archaic, but the basic tactic remains a play in modern cricket. Simply put, leg theory involves concentrating the bowling attack at or near the line of leg stump. This may or may not be accompanied by a concentration of fielders on the leg side. The line of attack aims to cramp the batsman, making him play the ball with the bat close to the body. This makes it difficult to hit the ball freely and score runs, especially on the off side. Since a leg theory attack means the batsman is more likely to hit the ball on the leg side, additional fielders on that side of the field can be effective in preventing runs and taking catches. Stifling the batsman in this manner can lead to impatience and frustration, resulting in rash\n\n\"Leiningen Versus the Ants\" by Carl Stephenson is a classic short story published in the December 1938 edition of Esquire. It is a translation, probably by Stephenson himself, of \"Leiningens Kampf mit den Ameisen\" which was originally published in German in 1938. Plot summary Leiningen, the owner of a plantation in the Brazilian rainforest, is warned by the district commissioner that a swarm of ferocious and organised soldier ants is approaching and that he must flee. Unlike his neighbours, Leiningen is not about to give up years of hard work and planning to \"an act of God\", as he believes in the superiority of the human brain and has already made preparations. He convinces his workers to stay and fight with him. When the ants reach his estate, Leiningen seals it by filling a moat that surrounds it on four sides, the fourth being a river. The ants attempt to\n\nQuestion: What is Leiningen Versus the Ants", "output": "\"Leiningen Versus the Ants\" by Carl Stephenson is a classic short story published in the December 1938 edition of Esquire."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ski Martock is a ski resort located near Windsor, Nova Scotia, Canada. The facilities feature a downhill area served by a quad chair lift and two T-bars(one functional), a beginners area served by Magic Carpet. The hill features a terrain park for snowboarding and freeskiing. It is the second largest ski hill in Nova Scotia, second only to Ski Wentworth. Martock is the closest downhill ski area to the Halifax Regional Municipality, Atlantic Canada's largest city, being roughly a 45-minute drive away. During the 2011 Canada Winter Games, it hosted the cross country skiing events. Trails Lifts Ski Martock has 1 Quad Chairlift , 1 T-Bar, and 1 Magic Carpet lift for the bunny hill, all which are operational. See also List of ski areas and resorts in Canada References External links Official website of the resort Martock Tourist attractions in Hants County, Nova Scotia 2011 Canada Winter Games Buildings\n\nEdward John Paul McGoldrick (born 30 April 1965) is an Irish football coach and former professional footballer who is currently the foundation academy manager of Premier League club Crystal Palace. As a player he was a winger and central midfielder, who played in the Football League for Northampton Town, Crystal Palace, Manchester City and Stockport County, and in the Premier League for Arsenal. He also played non-League football for Kettering Town, Nuneaton Borough and Corby Town. McGoldrick was capped for the Republic of Ireland and played in World Cup 94. Club career He started out at non-league side Kettering Town, but following a transfer to Nuneaton Borough he established himself as a utility player in the early 1980s. He went on to move into the Football League with Northampton Town, where he collected a Fourth Division title medal in 1987. McGoldrick then went on to have a spell at Crystal\n\nThe Workers' Unity League (WUL) was established in January 1930 as a militant industrial union labour central closely related to the Communist Party of Canada on the instructions of the Communist International. This was reflective of the shift in the Communist International's political line that ushered in its \"Third Period\". Rather than \"boring from within\"\u2014the policy of the \"Second Period\" that encouraged Communists to join mainstream labour unions and progressive organizations in order to move them to the revolutionary left\u2014this new line emphasized creating independent communist organizations. The WUL paralleled similar alternative trade union structures elsewhere: the Trade Union Unity League in the US, and the National Minority Movement in the UK. Some of the unions affiliated with the WUL include the Mine Workers' Union of Canada, Lumber Workers Industrial Union of Canada and the Relief Camp Workers' Union. Unlike both the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada (TLC) and\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Ski Martock is.", "output": "Ski Martock is a ski resort located near Windsor, Nova Scotia, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hockey Club Atlant Moscow Oblast (, ) was a Russian professional ice hockey team based in Mytishchi, Moscow Oblast. They were members of the Bobrov Division of the Kontinental Hockey League in the 2014\u201315 season, but have not been active since the 2015\u201316 season due to financial issues. History Overview Atlant was founded in 2005 when a team (Khimik) based in Voskresensk was relocated to Mytishchi. The old team traced its history back to 1953. Immediate success allowed Khimik to play in the Championship of the Soviet Union. Leading the team was playing-coach Nikolay Epshtein. In three years, Khimik was graduated to the top league of the Soviet Union. Three bronze medal results between 1965 and 1984 were capitulated in 1989 when the team achieved silver under prestigious head coach Vladimir Vasiliyev, a major accomplishment for a team from a small town. More impressive is how much successful homegrown talent\n\nThe rufous-capped warbler (Basileuterus rufifrons) is a New World warbler native from Mexico south to Guatemala, rarely occurring as far north as southeastern Arizona and south Texas. Birds in the southern part of the range are now split out as a separate species, as the chestnut-capped warbler (Basileuterus delattrii). Rufous-capped warblers generally reach a length of about . They are plain-olive to olive-gray, with white underbellies, bright yellow chests and throats, and a distinctive facial pattern consisting of a rufous cap, a white eyebrow-line (or superciliary), a dark eye-line fading into a rufous cheek, and a white malar marking. The bill is rather stout for a warbler, the wings are round and stubby, and the tail is long, often raised at a high angle and flicked. While rufous-capped warblers are generally birds of tropical shrubby highlands, North American sightings tend to be in oak woodland canyon bottoms, near running water,\n\nThe Alberta Legislature Building is located in Edmonton and is the meeting place of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta and the Executive Council of Alberta. It is often shortened to \"the Ledge\". The Alberta Legislature Building is located at 10801 97 Avenue NW. Free tours of the facility are offered throughout the week. The building is also connected via underground walkway to the Government Centre station and Government Centre Transit Centre. Location The building is located on a promontory overlooking the scenic North Saskatchewan River valley near the location of Fort Edmonton, Mark V (1830\u20131915), a Hudson's Bay Company fur-trading post, a long-established economic and administrative centre of the western Prairies. It is just up the hill from the archaeological finds at Rossdale Flats to the east, remnants of a long-standing First Nations campsite and location of an earlier Fort Edmonton. The Legislature's location was selected shortly after Edmonton was\n\nQuestion: What is Alberta Legislature Building", "output": "The Alberta Legislature Building is located in Edmonton and is the meeting place of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta and the Executive Council of Alberta."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Suzanne Morrow Francis (December 14, 1930 \u2013 June 11, 2006) was a Canadian figure skater and veterinarian. She competed in Ladies' Singles in the 1948 and 1952 Winter Olympics. Between 1947 and 1948, Francis competed in Pairs Mixed competitions with Canadian figure skater Wallace Diestelmeyer. Together they won the bronze medal at the 1948 Winter Olympics and the 1948 World Figure Skating Championships. They were the first pair team to perform the death spiral one-handed, with the man holding the woman in position with one hand, at the 1948 Olympic Games. Figure skating Competing in Ladies' Singles, Suzanne Morrow Francis came in 14th at the St. Moritz Winter Olympics but ended up in 6th place at the 1952 Oslo Winter Olympics. She retired from competition in 1953 but did not sever ties with figure skating. While working as a veterinarian, Francis continued to serve as a figure skating judge and\n\nPavaratty is a census town in Thrissur district in the Indian state of Kerala. Pavaratty is situated in the coastal area of Chavakkad taluk in Thrissur District. The town is about 23 km north-west of Thrissur town and 5 km south of Guruvayoor. It is the site of St. Joseph's Parish Shrine, Pavaratty and also lies near Palayur (4 km), famous for the Palayur Church. Nearby airports are Cochin International Airport (77 km) and Calicut Airport (95 km). The nearest railheads are at Guruvayoor and Thrissur. The Nearest bus stations are Thrissur Bus Station and Guruvayoor Bus Station. From Thrissur, the shortest way to Pavaratty is via Amala-Parappur-Puvathur. History of Pavaratty The area called Pavaratty, there are many speculations behind the name of this locality. Some may doubt relations with \"Paav \u2013 Roti\", Andhra Bread. Again many others try to find out a connection between this locality and the English\n\nXernona Clayton Brady (n\u00e9e Brewster, born August 30, 1930) is an American civil rights leader and broadcasting executive. During the Civil Rights Movement, she worked for the National Urban League and Southern Christian Leadership Conference, where she became involved in the work of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Later, Clayton went into television, where she became the first African American from the southern United States to host a daily prime time talk show. She became corporate vice president for Turner Broadcasting. Clayton created the Trumpet Foundation. She was instrumental in the development of the International Civil Rights Walk of Fame that was developed by the foundation to honor the achievements of African Americans and civil rights advocates. She convinced a Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan to denounce the Klan. Clayton has been honored by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the city of Atlanta\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Pavaratty is.", "output": "Pavaratty is a census town in Thrissur district in the Indian state of Kerala."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Sunday Philosophy Club is a series of novels and novellas by Alexander McCall Smith. It is also the name of the first novel in the series, and an informal talking group founded by the main character Isabel Dalhousie. The series is set in Edinburgh. The title of the first book and of the series was suggested by McCall Smith's editor. Books Novels The series includes: The Sunday Philosophy Club (2004) Friends, Lovers, Chocolate (2005) The Right Attitude to Rain (2006) The Careful Use of Compliments (2007) The Comfort of Saturdays (2008); U.S. title: The Comforts of a Muddy Saturday The Lost Art of Gratitude (2009) The Charming Quirks of Others (2010) The Forgotten Affairs of Youth (2011) The Uncommon Appeal of Clouds (2012) The Novel Habits of Happiness (2015) A Distant View of Everything (2017) The Quiet Side of Passion (2018) The Geometry of Holding Hands (2020) The Sweet\n\n, abbreviated from \"Japan Automatic Transmission COmpany\", is a company that manufactures automatic transmissions for automobiles. History In August 1943, Nissan established an aircraft engine production plant in the town of Yoshiwara, Shizuoka. After World War II, this plant began producing components for the production of Nissan automobiles. In January 1970, Nissan established a joint venture with Toyo Kogyo (Mazda) and Ford Motor Company named Japan Automatic Transmission Co., Ltd. This company changed its name to JATCO Corporation in October 1989. Nissan spun off its AT/CVT (automatic transmission/continuously variable transmission) development divisions and its Fuji manufacturing plant into a subsidiary called TransTechnology, Ltd. in June 1999. Four months later, TransTechnology Ltd and JATCO Corporation merged to form JATCO TransTechnology Ltd. In October 2001, as part of its restructuring, Mitsubishi Motors agreed to merge its transmission division with Jatco TransTechnology Ltd. Mitsubishi spun off its AT/CVT (automatic transmission/continuously variable transmission) division\n\nKaloula is a genus of microhylid frogs found in southern and eastern Asia. They are sometimes known as the Asian narrowmouth toads. Species The genus currently has at least 19 species. Some sources also recognize Kaloula macrocephala Bourret, 1942 as a valid species, whereas the Amphibian Species of the World treats it as a synonym of Kaloula pulchra. 5 new species have been described since 2000, and there are unnamed species yet to be described. Kaloula pulchra, Kaloula picta, and Kaloula borealis are the most widespread and commonly found varieties, often living near human settlements. Blackburn, et al. (2013) lists several Kaloula varieties that are likely to be new, previously undescribed species. Kaloula sp. nov. Palawan: Closely related to Kaloula baleata. Recorded in Palawan. Kaloula sp. nov. Sulawesi: Closely related to Kaloula baleata. Recorded in the Togian Islands (Batudaka Island), Central Sulawesi, and North Sulawesi (Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park).\n\nQuestion: What is The Sunday Philosophy Club series?", "output": "The Sunday Philosophy Club is a series of novels and novellas by Alexander McCall Smith."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Chausa is a village and corresponding community development block in Buxar district, Bihar, India. It is located 11 km west of the district headquarters, Buxar, on the bank of the river Ganga. As of 2011, the population of the village of Chausa was 9,011, in 1,362 households, while the total block population was 103,670, in 15,817 households. The area is famous as the site of the Battle of Chausa, in which the forces of Sher Shah Suri defeated Mughal emperor Humayun's army in 1539. It was also the site of discovery of the Chausa hoard, a set of 18 ancient Jain bronzes. According to the old records of Chausa we get to know that Chausa was established by Sakarwar Rajput of Kamsar region who adopted Islam in 1500ADs. Battle of Chausa The Battle of Chausa (25 June 1539) took place between Mughal Emperor Humayun and Sher Shah Suri (Sher Khan).\n\nChelmer is a south-western suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the , Chelmer had a population of 2,998 people. Geography Chelmer is by road from Brisbane GPO. Chelmer is zoned as a residential area, and consists of low-density housing. It has many fine Queenslanders, characterised by wooden verandahs, wide stairways and roofing of galvanized iron, but in recent years solid brick homes have been built also. Chelmer is located on a bend of the Brisbane River, between the Chelmer Reach () and the Indooroopilly Reach (), with all sides except south bounded by the median of the river. There are four bridges across the Brisbane River from Chelmer to Indooroopilly to the north (from west to east): Walter Taylor Bridge, a road bridge () Indooroopilly Railway Bridge, a rail bridge () Albert Bridge, a rail bridge () Jack Pesch Bridge, for pedestrians and cyclists () Chelmer railway\n\nLady Willingdon Hospital is public hospital is located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It is a teaching hospital of King Edward Medical College. It is one of the largest maternity hospital in Pakistan. Its history dates back to 1930 when Teka Devi Health Centre was opened as an outpatient clinic for women on the Fort Road, Lahore. It has been a teaching institution since 1933, attracting under-graduate, post-graduate and post-fellowship doctors. It is fully recognised for training by the HEC, PMDC, CPSP and the RCOG (UK). History In 1933, Lt. Col. S. N. Hayes, laid the foundation stone of Lady Willingdon Hospital, naming it after the wife of the 22nd Viceroy of India. He became the hospital's first Medical Superintendent and was also one of the former Principals of King Edward Medical College). The hospital was affiliated with King Edward Medical College, Lahore that same year. Relocation In 2011, the Punjab\n\nQuestion: What is Chelmer, Queensland", "output": "Chelmer is a south-western suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nehemiah Green (March 8, 1837 \u2013 January 12, 1890) was the fourth Governor of Kansas, serving in that position on an interim basis from November 1868 to January 1869. He subsequently served as Speaker pro Tempore of the Kansas House of Representatives. Background Green was born in Hardin County, Ohio. In 1855, he moved to Kansas Territory with two of his brothers, Lewis F. and George S., both of whom later served in the Kansas legislature. After two years in Kansas, Green returned to Ohio to complete his education at Ohio Wesleyan University. Following graduation in 1859 he served as minister at Methodist churches in Aberdeen, Ohio, and Williamsburg, Ohio. During the Civil War, Green enlisted as a private in the 153rd Ohio Infantry, a 100 days service regiment in 1864, but a serious illness in his lungs forced him to leave the service with the rank of sergeant major.\n\nCyberbots: Fullmetal Madness, released in Japan as simply , is a fighting game developed and published by Capcom in 1995. It is a spin-off of the beat'em up game Armored Warriors. Cyberbots was ported to the Sega Saturn and the PlayStation. The game only saw limited distribution in arcades outside Japan. With the exception of the untranslated PlayStation Network release, none of the console ports were released overseas. A port of Cyberbots: Fullmetal Madness is included in Capcom Fighting Collection on Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Windows, and Xbox One. Gameplay The premise in Cyberbots is similar to Armored Warriors, albeit it features a maximum of two playable characters on screen as opposed to three. Similar to the Armored Core series, different legs (which affect movement abilities), arms (which affect reach and melee capabilities) and weapons can be mixed and matched between the selectable robots available to the player. Gameplay in\n\nWMUM-FM (89.7 FM) (formerly WDCO-FM) is the Georgia Public Broadcasting (GPB) Public radio station serving Macon and central Georgia. The station shares a tower with its sister GPB Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) member television station, WMUM-TV, in Cochran, its city of license. The station is a partnership, established in 2006, between Mercer University and GPB. The station provides local content to central Georgia public radio listeners from its broadcast studio on Mercer's Macon campus. The studio, constructed in 2006, offers various media-related educational opportunities for Mercer students. The station's call letters were changed to WMUM-FM (Mercer University Macon) to identify the current partnership with Mercer. The station, under its former call letters, WDCO-FM, was one of the first GPB radio stations, signing on in 1984. As WDCO-FM, the station only simulcasted the GPB radio network, with no local origination. The new broadcast studio airs local programming. References External links Georgia\n\nQuestion: What's Nehemiah Green?", "output": "Nehemiah Green was the fourth Governor of Kansas, serving in that position on an interim basis from November 1868 to January 1869."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dustin Schlatter is an American former folkstyle wrestler. He won the 2006 NCAA wrestling title and was a three-time NCAA All-American at 149 pounds for the University of Minnesota. As a high school wrestler, Schlatter was a NHSCA Senior national title, USA Wrestling Junior and Cadet national titles in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling, and was a four-time Ohio high school state champion. Personal Schlatter is a native of Westerville, Ohio where he was born to Pat and Joyce Schlatter. He has one brother, C.P., who was also a four-time Ohio high school wrestling state champion. High school Schlatter attended Perry High School in Perry Township, Ohio during his junior and senior years (from 2003 to 2005), and Graham High School in St. Paris, Ohio during his freshman and sophomore years (from 2001 to 2003) where he compiled a 154-4 overall record. He also won four OHSAA state championships (two in\n\nThe flag and coat of arms of Transylvania were granted by Maria Theresa in 1765, when she established a Grand Principality within the Habsburg monarchy. While neither symbol has official status in present-day Romania, the coat of arms is marshalled within the national Romanian arms; it was also for decades a component of the Hungarian arms. In its upper half, it prominently includes the eagle, which may have been one of the oldest regional symbols, or is otherwise a localized version of the Polish eagle. Early versions of the Transylvanian charges were first designed in Habsburg Hungary at some point before 1550, and were therefore symbols of pretence. The arms were only attested as in use by the Transylvanian Principality in or after 1580. The first Prince to recognize and use them was Sigismund B\u00e1thory, who also simplified the charges. They entered the heraldic patrimony over the next few decades,\n\nRonald Charles David Breslow (March 14, 1931 \u2013 October 25, 2017) was an American chemist from Rahway, New Jersey. He was University Professor at Columbia University, where he was based in the Department of Chemistry and affiliated with the Departments of Biological Sciences and Pharmacology; he had also been on the faculty of its Department of Chemical Engineering. He had taught at Columbia since 1956 and was a former chair of the university's chemistry department. Life and career Breslow was born in Rahway, New Jersey, the son of Gladys (Fellows) and Alexander E. Breslow. He was interested in the design and synthesis of new molecules with interesting properties, and the study of these properties. Examples include the cyclopropenyl cation, the simplest aromatic system and the first aromatic compound prepared with other than six electrons in a ring. His seminal contributions include the correct site of reactivity of thiamin diphosphate in\n\nQuestion: What is Ronald Breslow?", "output": "Ronald Charles David Breslow was an American chemist from Rahway, New Jersey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hans Olof Ragnemalm (30 March 1940 \u2013 7 August 2016) was a Swedish lawyer, judge, and professor emeritus of public law. Ragnemalm became professor of public law at Lund University, and later professor of public law and dean of the law faculty at the University of Stockholm. He served as Parliamentary Ombudsman between 1987 and 1992, and from 1992 to 1995 as judge at the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden. In 1995 Ragnemalm became Sweden's first judge at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. In 2000 he returned to Sweden to serve as president of the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden until his retirement in 2005. See also List of members of the European Court of Justice References 1940 births 2016 deaths Justices of the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden European Court of Justice judges Academic staff of Lund University Academic staff of Stockholm University 20th-century Swedish judges Swedish\n\n\"Wild Eyed Boy from Freecloud\" is a song written by David Bowie, first recorded in June 1969 and released as a B-side to his single \"Space Oddity\". Bowie then rerecorded the song for his second eponymous album (released in the U.S. as Man of Words, Man of Music by Mercury and reissued by RCA in 1972 as Space Oddity). The single version has sparse instrumentation: guitar (played by Bowie) and arco bass (by Paul Buckmaster). The album version, recorded in July/August 1969, features a full orchestral arrangement by Tony Visconti and is said to be the debut on a Bowie record of Mick Ronson, contributing uncredited lead guitar and handclaps midway through the track. Bowie himself said of the song: \"It was about the disassociated, the ones who feel as though they're left outside, which was how I felt about me. I always felt I was on the edge of\n\nMaxim Yuryevich Sushinsky (; born July 1, 1974) is a Russian former professional ice hockey player. He played in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) and with the Minnesota Wild in the National Hockey League (NHL). His last name is sometimes transliterated as Sushinski or Sushinskiy. Playing career A skillful right winger, Sushinsky was drafted 132nd overall in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft by the Minnesota Wild, and played 30 games with the Wild before leaving the team for personal and family reasons. Sushinsky has spent the majority of his career in playing in Russia, spending time with Avangard Omsk, HC Dynamo Moscow, and his current team SKA St. Petersburg in the Kontinental Hockey League. Sushinsky represented the Russian Federation in the 2006 Winter Olympics, where he had five points in eight games played. Throughout the event the nameplate on the back of his jersey had his name spelled as \"Sushinksky\".\n\nQuestion: Who was Hans Ragnemalm?", "output": "Hans Olof Ragnemalm was a Swedish lawyer, judge, and professor emeritus of public law."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tv\u00e5\u00e5ker is the second largest locality situated in Varberg Municipality, Halland County, Sweden, with 2,534 inhabitants in 2010. It is located about 15 km south-east of Varberg. Name The actual name Tv\u00e5\u00e5ker could be translated as twofield (or twoacre). But it is instead a corruption of the name Toaker (1198). The word to has been interpreted as flax, i.e. \"flax field\". Education The village has a lower secondary school, Bosg\u00e5rdsskolan as well as an upper secondary school, Munkag\u00e5rdsgymnasiet, which is focused on animal care, agriculture, forestry and landscaping. Sport The football team, Tv\u00e5\u00e5kers IF was formed in 1920 and has a male team for the first time as high as 2nd league and a joint female team with Galtab\u00e4ck in the 5th league. A floorball-team, Tv\u00e5\u00e5kers IBK, was formed in 1986 and played in the top league for two seasons in the early 1990s. Other sports clubs located in Tv\u00e5\u00e5ker\n\nThe Franz Werfel Human Rights Award () is a human rights award of the German Federation of Expellees' Centre Against Expulsions project. It is awarded to individuals or groups in Europe who, through political, artistic, philosophical or practical work, have opposed breaches of human rights by genocide, ethnic cleansing, and the deliberate destruction of national, ethnic, racial or religious groups. The prize The foundations of the prize are considered to be the Fourth Hague Convention of 1907, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the International Agreement on Civilian and Political Rights of 1966, the resolution of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights of 1998 as well as the consequences of the meeting of the European Council of the Heads of State and Governments in Copenhagen of 1993 and other statements issued by the European Union. The award is named after the famous Austrian author Franz Werfel (1890\u20131945),\n\nSallins is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club in Sallins, County Kildare, Ireland, winner of Kildare club of the year in 2001. Honours Kildare Intermediate Football Championship: (2) 1968, 2003 Kildare Junior Football Championship: (2) 1967, 2001 Leinster Junior Club Football Championship: (1) 2000 Jack Higgins Cup Winners (1) 2001 The Niall Smullen Cup (5) 1925, 1946, 1954, 1971, 1985 Conneff Cup winners 2002 LGFA Junior C Championship winners 2021 History In 2009 & 2010 Sallins Minors won the B championship Hurling Sallins also has a separate hurling club. While juvenile hurling is part of the main Sallins GAA club, their men\u2019s team has been set up as a separate club due to a conflict of interest for some footballers. After a break of over 30 years, Sallins started juvenile hurling in 2002 and fielded an adult team in 2003 and has been competing ever since. The current hurling side\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Franz Werfel Human Rights Award is.", "output": "The Franz Werfel Human Rights Award is a human rights award of the German Federation of Expellees' Centre Against Expulsions project."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Emmalyn Paulette Moody (born February 17, 1945), known professionally as Lynne Moody, is an American film and television actress. Beginning her career in the early 1970s, Moody is best known her roles as Tracy Curtis\u2013Taylor in the ABC television sitcom That's My Mama (1974\u20131975), Irene Harvey in Roots (1977), Roots: The Next Generations (1979), and Patricia Williams in Knots Landing (1988\u20131990). Biography Early life and education Born in Detroit, Michigan, Moody was raised in Evanston, Illinois, a north suburb of Chicago, Illinois. Moody's mother was a social worker, her father worked as a doctor for a Chicago-area hospital. For high school, Moody attended Evanston Township High School, graduating in 1963. Moody worked as a stewardess prior to relocating to Los Angeles for her acting career. Career In 1970, Moody moved to Los Angeles where she was initially hired to work as a playboy bunny at a Playboy Club. While working\n\nA navigation system is a computing system that aids in navigation. Navigation systems may be entirely on board the vehicle or vessel that the system is controlling (for example, on the ship's bridge) or located elsewhere, making use of radio or other signal transmission to control the vehicle or vessel. In some cases, a combination of these methods is used. Navigation systems may be capable of one or more of: containing maps, which may be displayed in human-readable format via text or in a graphical format determining a vehicle or vessel's location via sensors, maps, or information from external sources providing suggested directions to a human in charge of a vehicle or vessel via text or speech providing directions directly to an autonomous vehicle such as a robotic probe or guided missile providing information on nearby vehicles or vessels, or other hazards or obstacles providing information on traffic conditions and\n\nLlanvaches or Llanfaches is a village and community parish within the boundaries of the city of Newport, Wales. It lies to the east of the urban area, in the historic county of Monmouthshire and the preserved county of Gwent. The population rose to 402 by the 2011 census. Location Llanvaches is located roughly midway between the market town of Chepstow and the centre of Newport. The village lies just north of the A48 road and below Wentwood, with both Newport centre and Chepstow about distant. History The village is named after Saint Maches (Latin: Machuta), a daughter of Saint Gwynllyw or Woolos and sister of Saint Cadoc, who according to tradition lived a humble life as a shepherdess in the 5th century but was killed by robbers stealing her finest ram. Saint Tathan, Abbot of nearby Caerwent, to whom the murderers confessed their crime, built a church on the spot\n\nQuestion: What's Navigation system?", "output": "A navigation system is a computing system that aids in navigation."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "My Mother's Castle () is a 1957 autobiographical novel by Marcel Pagnol, the second in the four-volume series Souvenirs d'enfance and the sequel to My Father's Glory. It was the subject of a film made by Yves Robert in 1990 which is faithful to the original plot but which includes material from the third book in the four-novel series, Le Temps des Secrets. Plot summary The book begins during Marcel's summer holiday. He describes his almost daily hunting trips with his father Joseph and his uncle Jules, and his growing friendship with a country boy named Lili. On the night before he is to return to the city to begin school, he plans to run away with the help of Lili. He leaves a note for his family saying goodbye and climbs through the window. As the night goes on, Marcel begins to grow scared, even seeing a ghost and\n\nOlsberg (Swiss German: Olschprg) is a municipality in the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. History During the neolithic era there was a small settlement near Olsberg. There was also a Roman farm in the area during the 1st Century AD. The modern village of Olsberg is first mentioned in 1236 as Olsperg. The original settlement grew out from the courtyard of the convent. Until 1790, the convent held the low justice rights as well as the ownership of the land. With some interruptions, the part of Olsberg to the right of the Violenbach stream belonged to the Austrian district of Rheinfelden from 1330 until 1797. After 1797 it was a French protectorate and then went with the rest of the Fricktal to the newly formed Canton of Aargau in 1803. The left hand side of the stream belonged to the city of Basel from 1461\n\nHorseheath is a village in Cambridgeshire, England, situated a few miles south-east of Cambridge, between Linton and Haverhill, on the A1307 road. It was known to the Romans, and it had for a while a fine house in a great park, but both are now gone. The population of the village is included in the civil parish of Bartlow. Church Its 600-year-old church contains Norman fragments. The fine nave, a blaze of light from great transomed windows, is 15th century, and its lofty height is crowned by a noble roof with a great span, with massive moulded beams and carved bosses. The oak chancel screen also dates from the 15th century and still has traces of painting in its panels. There is a 16th-century sundial. It has a 500-year-old font, and treasured brasses and monuments of lords and ladies of its greater days: the Audleys and the Alingtons. A fragment\n\nQuestion: What is Horseheath", "output": "Horseheath is a village in Cambridgeshire, England, situated a few miles south-east of Cambridge, between Linton and Haverhill, on the A1307 road."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sakari Severi Tuomioja (29 August 1911, Tampere \u2013 9 September 1964, Helsinki) was a Finnish politician and diplomat who served as Prime Minister of Finland between 1953\u20131954 and as Minister for Foreign Affairs between 1951\u20131952 and as the Governor of the Bank of Finland between 1945\u20131955. He was also Finland's ambassador in London and Stockholm. Tuomioja was the first Finn in high-level United Nations missions. In particular, he is remembered for acting as a mediator in the Cyprus crisis of 1963\u201364 and his abrupt death in the performance of his duties. Tuomioja was also the first Finnish invited to the Bilderberg Group meetings. Life Sakari Tuomioja's spouse was Vappu Tuomioja (n\u00e9e Wuolijoki), and they had two children, daughter Tuuli and son Erkki who has followed his father career in politics as Foreign Minister. The parents of Sakari Tuomioja were Walto Wihtori Tuomioja and Laina Sofia Tuomioja (n\u00e9e. Boman). Walto Wihtori\n\nPaul Kimmage (born 7 May 1962 in Dublin, Ireland) is an Irish sports journalist and former amateur and professional road bicycle racer, who was road race champion of Ireland in 1981, and competed in the 1984 Olympic Games. He wrote for The Sunday Times newspaper and others, and published a number of books. Kimmage was born into a cycling family. His father, Christy, cycled with the Dublin Wheelers, and his brothers Raphael and Kevin were also active. At schoolboy level (under 16) he and his brothers rode with the Orwell Wheelers, at the same time as Stephen Roche. Cycling career Amateur career Kimmage had a prominent career as an amateur, notably his 6th place at the amateur world road race championship. His brothers also enjoyed the spotlight: Raphael finished second in the 1984 R\u00e1s Tailteann, while Kevin won the race in 1991. Kimmage replicated his reputation as a successful amateur\n\nIn mathematics, specifically set theory, the continuum hypothesis (abbreviated CH) is a hypothesis about the possible sizes of infinite sets. It states that or equivalently, that In Zermelo\u2013Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice (ZFC), this is equivalent to the following equation in aleph numbers: , or even shorter with beth numbers: . The continuum hypothesis was advanced by Georg Cantor in 1878, and establishing its truth or falsehood is the first of Hilbert's 23 problems presented in 1900. The answer to this problem is independent of ZFC, so that either the continuum hypothesis or its negation can be added as an axiom to ZFC set theory, with the resulting theory being consistent if and only if ZFC is consistent. This independence was proved in 1963 by Paul Cohen, complementing earlier work by Kurt G\u00f6del in 1940. The name of the hypothesis comes from the term the continuum for\n\nQuestion: Who is Paul Kimmage?", "output": "Paul Kimmage is an Irish sports journalist and former amateur and professional road bicycle racer, who was road race champion of Ireland in 1981, and competed in the 1984 Olympic Games."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The \u00c9toile Nord-Africaine or ENA (French for North African Star) was an early Algerian nationalist organization founded in 1926. It was dissolved first in 1929, then reorganised in 1933 but was later finally dissolved in 1937. It can be considered a forerunner of the Front de Lib\u00e9ration Nationale (FLN), who fought France during the Algerian War of Independence (1954\u201362). It was formed in 1926 by Nationalist politician Hadj-Ali Abdelkader and called for an uprising against French colonial rule and total independence. It had no armed wing and attempted to organize peacefully. The party maintained links with the Parti Communiste Fran\u00e7ais (PCF, the French Communist Party) until its dissolution in 1929. Later the Comintern, the PCF declared Algerian national independence premature. In 1925, Messali Hadj joined the ENA and in 1927 participated in the creation of the League Against Imperialism. The reorganisation of the 'Glorieuse ENA' in 1933 elected Messali Hadj\n\nSol Worth (August 19, 1922 in New York City \u2013 August 29, 1977) was a painter, photography and visual communication scholar. Biography Worth's parents, Ida and Jacob Wishnepolsky, were Russian immigrants who worked in the garment industry and were active members of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. His first language was Yiddish, and he spoke virtually no English until he began school at age 5. Worth attended the founding class of the High School of Music and Art in New York City as an art student from 1936 until 1940; in 1937 one of his paintings was chosen to be part of a student exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art. Upon graduation from high school he attended the State University of Iowa, where he studied with the painter Philip Guston. He graduated in 1943 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in painting, but entered the Navy before graduation\n\nBellusaurus (meaning \"Beautiful lizard\", from Vulgar Latin bellus 'beautiful' (masculine form) and Ancient Greek sauros 'lizard') was a small short-necked sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) which measured about long. Its fossils were found in Shishugou Formation rocks in the northeastern Junggar Basin in China. Discovery and naming The type and only known species is Bellusaurus sui, formally described by Dong Zhiming in 1991. The remains of Bellusaurus were found in the Shishugou Formation in the northeastern Junggar Basin in China. Seventeen individuals were found in a single quarry, suggesting that a herd had been killed in a flash flood. Some features suggest they may have all been juveniles. Bellusaurus sui was derived from the Latin bellus meaning small, delicate, and beautiful, as these sauropods were small and lightly built. The specific name, sui, was named in honor of Senior Preparator Youling Sui, a notable restorer of dinosaur remains.\n\nQuestion: What is Bellusaurus", "output": "Bellusaurus and Ancient Greek sauros 'lizard') was a small short-necked sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic which measured about  long."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Grazing incidence diffraction (GID) is a technique for interrogating a material using small incidence angles for an incoming wave, often leading to the diffraction being surface sensitive. It occurs in many different areas: Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), where electrons of relatively high energy diffract at small angles from a surface. RHEED is used to interrogate surface structure. Surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD), which is similar to RHEED but uses X-rays, and is also used to interrogate surface structure. X-ray standing waves, another X-ray variant where the intensity decay into a sample from diffraction is used to analyze chemistry. Grazing-incidence small-angle scattering (GISAS) a hybrid approach using small scattering (diffraction) angles with X-rays or neutrons. X-ray reflectivity, yet another related technique, but here the intensity of the specular reflected beam is measured. Grazing incidence atom scattering, where the fact that atoms (and ions) can also be waves is used to diffract\n\nErik Jonsson Helland (1816\u20131868) was a Norwegian Hardanger fiddle maker. Erik Jonsson Helland was the eldest son of the Hardanger fiddle maker Jon Eriksson Helland from B\u00f8 in Telemark, Norway. Around 1830, he began to specialize in making Hardanger fiddles and to experiment in his father's workshop with new models in order to obtain a more powerful tone without losing the softness of the instrument. This led to a broader instrument, with a fuller outline and a lower vault, which is now the more common style. In the 1850s, he gained national attention and in 1861 was awarded a national scholarship to study with the violin makers, Enger & Son in Copenhagen. See also The Helland fiddle maker family Jon Eriksson Helland II References Related Reading Aksdal, Bj\u00f8rn (2009) Hardingfela felemakere og instrumentets utvikling (Trondheim: Tapir Akademisk Forlag) External links The Helland fiddle maker family 1816 births 1868 deaths Norwegian\n\nHawkhead (, ) is an area near Paisley in Renfrewshire, Scotland. The village is on the Hawkhead Burn and White Cart Water, crossed via Hawkhead Bridge. It is near Dykebar, Hunterhill and Blackhall neighbourhoods and is the source of the name of Hawkhead railway station on the Paisley Canal Line, although the station is some distance to the north of the residential area, on the opposite side of a cleared industrial zone (formerly a BASF plant) and a large cemetery, also named Hawkhead. History The area's name is recorded as Halkhead in some older maps and in the historical title of Lord Ross of Halkhead, with the family owning the estate from the 14th century. Their seat was Hawkhead House, constructed in the 17th century and part of Leverndale Hospital from 1914 until it was demolished in 1953. Its nearby associated farm dating from the late 18th century still exists\n\nQuestion: Who was Erik Jonsson Helland?", "output": "Erik Jonsson Helland was a Norwegian Hardanger fiddle maker."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Titans East is the name of several DC Comics superhero teams. The teams appear in the Teen Titans comic books and animated series. The comic book incarnation of Titans East first appeared in Teen Titans (vol. 3) #18 (2005) during the \"Titans Tomorrow\" storyline, which is set in the future. A present-day incarnation appeared in Teen Titans (vol. 3) #43 (2007), as a group of villains led by Deathstroke. Cyborg later assembled a new version of the team. Team history Titans East is based on the Teen Titans' west-coast counterpart Titans West, a team of lesser-known teenage heroes including Beast Boy, Flamebird, and Hawk and Dove. Currently, the \"main\" Titans team is based in San Francisco, California, on the West Coast. Titans Tomorrow The original Titans East first appeared in the \"Titans Tomorrow\" storyline in which the Teen Titans meet their villainous older selves in the future. This incarnation of\n\nThe Bay Colony Railroad is a shortline railroad (STB Class III) operating in Massachusetts. Formerly operating along most of the south coast region (including all lines on Cape Cod), Bay Colony currently operates only along a roughly six-mile stretch of track between New Bedford and Westport, referred to as the Watuppa Branch, as well as a section of the Millis Branch from Medfield Junction to Millis. In addition to moving freight for its customers, Bay Colony also performs AAR-certified repairs on rolling stock and contract track construction projects for other railroads. It has a sister railroad, the Seminole Gulf Railway, which is based out of Fort Myers, Florida. History The Bay Colony railroad was chartered on March 31, 1977, with the intent of taking over freight service on former New Haven lines from Conrail, which was planning to abandon service. The lines were purchased by the state government, and Bay\n\nGianluigi Gelmetti OMRI, (11 September 1945 \u2013 11 August 2021) was an Italian-Mon\u00e9gasque conductor and composer. Early life Gianluigi Gelmetti was born on 11 September 1945 in Rome, Italy. When 16-years old, Sergiu Celibidache let him conduct an orchestra, then took him as a pupil. He subsequently studied with Franco Ferrara and Hans Swarowsky. In 1967 he won the \u201cFirenze\u201d prize. Career Following his debut with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, Gelmetti regularly performed as a conductor at international opera houses, concert halls, and festivals. From 1989 to 1998 he was the Principal Conductor of the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra as well as the Schwetzingen Festival; and from 2000 to 2009, Musical and Artistic Director of Teatro dell'Opera di Roma. From 2004 to 2008 he was the Principal Conductor and Artistic Director of the Sydney Symphony Orchestra. In 2012, he was appointed Principal Conductor of the Orchestre Philharmonique de Monte-Carlo, a\n\nQuestion: What is Titans East?", "output": "Titans East is the name of several DC Comics superhero teams."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "John Gordon Bernander (born 22 September 1957) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party and former director-general of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) and the Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise. Early life and career He was born in New York City, grew up in Brooklyn and Kristiansand. He was educated at the Norwegian Naval Academy in Bergen from 1976 to 1977 and graduated from the University of Oslo with the cand.jur. degree in 1982. Politics In 1989 he was elected to the Parliament of Norway from Vest-Agder, but he did not stand for re-election in 1993. From March to November 1990 he was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Trade. During this period his seat in Parliament was taken by Kirsten Huser Leschbrandt. Bernander had been a personal secretary (today known as political advisor) in the Ministry of Industry from 1985 to 1986. On the local level he was\n\nZedekiah ben Abraham Anaw (13th century; also known by the surname HaRofeh) was an author of halakhic works and younger brother of Benjamin ben Abraham Anaw. He lived at Rome and received his Talmudic training not only in Rome but also in Germany where he was the pupil of Jacob of W\u00fcrzburg and possibly also of Abigdor Cohen of Vienna. Shibbolei haLeket He owes his reputation to his compilation of ritual law entitled Shibbolei haLeket (Ears of Gleaning). It is divided into 372 paragraphs forming twelve sections, covering the laws, regulations, and ceremonies relating to prayers, Sabbath, blessings, and the Jewish holidays. Appended to the work are several treatises and responsa on miscellaneous religious and legal matters, such as circumcision, mourning rites, tzitzit, shechita, inheritance, and interest. As the title indicates, and as the author never fails to point out, the material is not original but rather was culled from\n\nAnnette Pehnt (born 1967 in Cologne) is a German writer and literary critic. She lives in Freiburg in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. After graduating from school in 1986 Pehnt performed voluntary social work in Belfast. After a year living in Scotland, she studied English, Celtic studies and German language and literature at the University of Cologne, University of Galway, University of California, Berkeley and University of Freiburg. After her master's degree and the first national examination in 1994, graduation followed in 1997 at the University of Freiburg with a work on Irish literature. Since 1992 Pehnt, married and mother of three children, has lived as a literature critic and self-employed author in Freiburg and teaches at the University of Hildesheim, where she leads the Institut f\u00fcr Literarisches Schreiben & Literaturwissenschaft. Awards 2001 2002 Preis der Jury des Ingeborg-Bachmann-Wettbewerbs 2004 Gro\u00dfes Stipendium des Darmst\u00e4dter Literaturfonds 2008 Thadd\u00e4us-Troll-Preis 2009 Italo-Svevo-Preis 2012 Solothurner Literaturpreis 2012 Hermann-Hesse-Preis\n\nQuestion: What is Zedekiah ben Abraham Anaw", "output": "Zedekiah ben Abraham Anaw was an author of halakhic works and younger brother of Benjamin ben Abraham Anaw."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Cardiovascular physiology is the study of the cardiovascular system, specifically addressing the physiology of the heart (\"cardio\") and blood vessels (\"vascular\"). These subjects are sometimes addressed separately, under the names cardiac physiology and circulatory physiology. Although the different aspects of cardiovascular physiology are closely interrelated, the subject is still usually divided into several subtopics. Heart Cardiac output (= heart rate * stroke volume. Can also be calculated with Fick principle, palpating method.) Stroke volume (= end-diastolic volume \u2212 end-systolic volume) Ejection fraction (= stroke volume / end-diastolic volume) Cardiac output is mathematically ` to systole Inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic states Cardiac input (= heart rate * suction volume Can be calculated by inverting terms in Fick principle) Suction volume (= end-systolic volume + end-diastolic volume) Injection fraction (=suction volume / end-systolic volume) Cardiac input is mathematically ` to diastole Electrical conduction system of the heart Electrocardiogram Cardiac marker Cardiac action\n\nChantal Lefebvre (born June 5, 1977) is a Canadian former competitive ice dancer. With Michel Brunet, she is the 1999 Four Continents silver medallist and four-time Canadian silver medallist. With Justin Lanning, she is the 2000 Nebelhorn Trophy champion. Career Lefebvre skated with Patrice Lauzon early in her career. They placed fourth at the 1994 World Junior Championships. From 1995 to 1999, Lefebvre competed with Michel Brunet. They were selected to represent Canada at the 1998 Winter Olympics and finished 19th. They won silver at the 1999 Four Continents, in addition to four Canadian national silver medals. Brunet retired from competition in 1999. Lefebvre teamed up with Justin Lanning in October 1999. They won gold at the 2000 Nebelhorn Trophy and bronze at the 2001 Finlandia Trophy. They were coached by Kelly Johnson, David Islam, and Pavol Porac. Lefebvre teamed up with Arseni Markov in 2003. However, Markov was unable\n\nHat manipulation is a form of juggling in which the manipulator performs feats of skill and dexterity using a brimmed hat such as a bowler hat or a top hat as a prop. Tricks can range from rolling a hat up and down the various parts of the body to throwing and catching the hat in amusing ways. Hat manipulation is often comedic in nature. Part of the appeal of the art is in the necessary equipment; all that is needed is a good, heavy, brimmed hat, which can be found at many juggling stores. Famous manufacturers of manipulation specific hats are Nils Poll and Dub\u00e9. Hat manipulation is also frequently combined with traditional forms of juggling in order to create more varied acts. Technically, hat manipulation is a form of object manipulation where the hat is the skill toy. Types of tricks The types of tricks performed during hat\n\nQuestion: What's Cardiovascular physiology?", "output": "Cardiovascular physiology is the study of the cardiovascular system, specifically addressing the physiology of the heart and blood vessels."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Matthew Robert Ralph d'Ancona (born 27 January 1968) is an English journalist and editor-at-large of The New European. A former deputy editor of The Sunday Telegraph, he was appointed editor of The Spectator in February 2006, a post he retained until August 2009. Early life and education D'Ancona's father was a Maltese tennis champion of Italian descent who moved to England to study and played youth football for Newcastle United before becoming a civil servant. His mother was an English teacher. D'Ancona was educated at St Dunstan's College, an independent school for boys (now co-educational) in Catford in south London, where he was head boy. He also won an essay-writing competition run by The Observer on the subject of the future of British industry. He went to Magdalen College at the University of Oxford, where he took the top First in Modern History for his year in 1989. The same\n\nThe Holy Cross Mountains Brigade () was a controversial tactical unit of the Polish National Armed Forces established on 11 August 1944. It did not obey orders to merge with the Home Army in 1944 and was a part of the Military Organization Lizard Union faction. Its soldiers fought simultaneously with the Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union and the Polish communist underground, though it sometimes collaborated with the Nazis to further its anti-communist, anti-Jewish and totalitarian goals. Second Polish Republic background In 1934, within the National Party (Stronnictwo Narodowe, SN), a secret radically right-wing faction emerged, known as the Internal Organization. They were critical in respect to the democratic traditions of the SN and in April 1934 gave rise to the splinter National Radical Camp (Ob\u00f3z Narodowo Radykalny, ONR). The movement was quickly delegalized by the Sanation regime and many ONR activists ended up in the Bereza Kartuska camp for\n\nLielv\u0101rde (; ), population 5885, is a town in Ogre Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia, on the right bank of the Daugava river, 52 km southeast of Riga. History The area was a contact zone between the Finnic Livonians and the Balts, and many prehistoric artifacts have been uncovered there. A Baltic hill-fort named Lennewarden being taken in fief by Albert of Buxhoeveden in 1201 is mentioned in the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia. This site is called Dievukalns (Hill of the Gods) in Latvian. A stone castle was constructed by the Riga diocese in 1229; its ruins are still accessible today. A parochial school was established when the area was part of Swedish Livonia, but ca. 70% of the population perished in the Great Plague of 1710. The opening of the Riga\u2013Daugavpils Railway in 1861 led to the expansion of the town around the railway station Ringmundhofa\n\nQuestion: What is Lielv\u0101rde?", "output": "Lielv\u0101rde, population 5885, is a town in Ogre Municipality in the Vidzeme region of Latvia, on the right bank of the Daugava river, 52\u00a0km southeast of Riga."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Chris Rock Show was a weekly, Friday night, late-night talk show featured on HBO. It was created by comedian and namesake Chris Rock and featured various guests. The show won an Emmy for Outstanding Writing for a Variety or Music Program in 1999. It ran for five seasons from February 7, 1997, to November 25, 2000. Series overview Episodes Season 1 (1997) Season 2 (1997) Season 3 (1998) Season 4 (1999) Season 5 (2000) Home media There have been four DVD releases of The Chris Rock Show in Region 1. The two \"Best of\" DVDs that were released were later repackaged into a single compilation in 2005. Seasons 1 and 2 were released as a DVD set in 2006. Most of the episodes were released uncut, however for contractual reasons the segment featuring (The Artist Formerly Known as) Prince has been removed from the first episode of Season 1.\n\nHarassment is a topic which, in the past couple of decades, has been taken increasingly seriously in the United Kingdom, and has been the subject of a number of pieces of legislation. Introduction Racial and sexual discrimination have been unlawful under the Race Relations Acts and the Equality Act 2010 (originally the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 which was repealed). Respectively, it is only comparatively recently that specific legislation has defined harassment specifically as unlawful. Because of the rise recently in awareness of the issues involved in harassment, recent trends have shown significant rises in the number of people making claims of harassment at Employment Tribunals. If the complaint is serious, high damages may be awarded against the Employer, so it is important for the Employer to take seriously any allegation of harassment at an early stage and take steps to quickly resolve it. There is also legislation in place to\n\nIn mathematics, convex geometry is the branch of geometry studying convex sets, mainly in Euclidean space. Convex sets occur naturally in many areas: computational geometry, convex analysis, discrete geometry, functional analysis, geometry of numbers, integral geometry, linear programming, probability theory, game theory, etc. Classification According to the Mathematics Subject Classification MSC2010, the mathematical discipline Convex and Discrete Geometry includes three major branches: general convexity polytopes and polyhedra discrete geometry (though only portions of the latter two are included in convex geometry). General convexity is further subdivided as follows: axiomatic and generalized convexity convex sets without dimension restrictions convex sets in topological vector spaces convex sets in 2 dimensions (including convex curves) convex sets in 3 dimensions (including convex surfaces) convex sets in n dimensions (including convex hypersurfaces) finite-dimensional Banach spaces random convex sets and integral geometry asymptotic theory of convex bodies approximation by convex sets variants of convex sets (star-shaped,\n\nQuestion: What's Convex geometry?", "output": "In mathematics, convex geometry is the branch of geometry studying convex sets, mainly in Euclidean space."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Chelwood is a small village and civil parish in Somerset, England, and is in the affluent Chew Valley in the Bath and North East Somerset council area, about from Bristol and Bath. The parish, which includes the hamlets of West Chelwood and Breach, has a population of 148. It is situated on the A368 (Bath to Weston-super-Mare road) between Marksbury and Bishop Sutton, very close to the A37. History The first mention of Chelwood dates from 925 when Robert le Bok, a native of Chelwood, was tried and acquitted of attempting to burn down the house of John de Kylkenny. According to Robinson there are two entries in the 1086 Domesday Book: Cellwert and Celeworde both indicating the same meaning, \"the hill farm\" from the Old English ceol and wor. Although spellings varied down the years, the first attested use of the form \"Chelwood\" dates from the 12th century. The\n\nMarianne Merchez (born 25 October 1960 in Uccle) is a Belgian doctor from the Catholic University of Louvain and a former European Space Agency astronaut. She is certified in aerospace medicine and in industrial medicine, and she is also a professional pilot (holds a Belgian Air Transport Pilot License from Civil Aviation School, former co-pilot Boeing 737). Merchez has extensive experience as a consultant in human factors. Her predilection field is human relationships and communication and she integrates her training in brief systemic therapy and Ericksonian hypnosis in daily personal and professional situations. Merchez's hobbies include classical music, walking, and cycling. She is married to former Italian ESA astronaut Maurizio Cheli with whom she co-authored Tutto in un istante: le decisioni che tracciano il viaggio di una vita. References External links Official website Marianne Merchez on Encyclopedia Astronautica Living people 1960 births People from Uccle Women astronauts Physician astronauts Belgian\n\nA dog crate (sometimes dog cage) is a metal, wire, plastic, or fabric enclosure with a door in which a dog may be kept for security or transportation. Dog crates are designed to replicate a dog's natural den and as such can provide them with a place of refuge at home or when traveling to new surroundings. Other common reasons for using a dog crate are for toilet training a new puppy, transporting a dog, limiting access while the dog learns rules, ensuring the dog's safety, confining a dog in locations where dogs cannot safely or legally roam freely, or giving a dog a place to go when visitors come to the house. Crate training accustoms the dog to the crate so that they can rest in it without stress. Using a crate for a dog is similar to having a playpen for a toddler or a crib for a\n\nQuestion: Who is Marianne Merchez", "output": "Marianne Merchez is a Belgian doctor from the Catholic University of Louvain and a former European Space Agency astronaut."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Historical Illuminatus Chronicles is a series of three novels by Robert Anton Wilson written after his highly successful The Illuminatus! Trilogy and his 1981 Masks of the Illuminati. His co-author from the first trilogy, Robert Shea, was not involved in this series, providing only a praising blurb. It is composed of three books: The Earth Will Shake (1982) , The Widow's Son (1985) , and Nature's God (1991) . A fourth book, The World Turned Upside Down, was promised at the end of Nature's God but was never written; Wilson also had stated he intended the Chronicles to be a pentalogy. His death in 2007 left the series as a trilogy, incomplete. There is an audiobook of the first novel read by Scott Crisp. Plot summary The novels concern the adventures of Sigismundo Celine, an ancestor of the Hagbard Celine character from the Illuminatus! Trilogy, as he blunders through\n\n(\"demon drum group\"), sometimes referred to as \"Za Ondekoza\", is a Japanese troupe specializing in taiko drumming. Founded in 1969 by Den Tagayasu, in Sado Island, Japan. Ondekoza was influential in the rise of the kumi-daiko (group taiko) style of taiko. Not a taiko player himself, Tagayasu helped transform taiko from a festival-based music form to a virtuosic performance art performed on stage. Ondekoza's performances in North America in 1975 was the first exposure for many and helped spread interest in taiko through North America. The now widely recognized style of wearing only a 'shimekomi' ('fundoshi loincloth) was originally started by Ondekoza when Pierre Cardin suggested that the physique of the drummer be exposed. The traditional Japanese drummers do not play only in underwear. Part of a larger movement to rediscover Japanese folk art, Tagayasu brought together a group of young men and women to Sado Island to study and\n\n\u00c9mile-F\u00e9lix Gautier or Gauthier (19 October 1864 \u2013 16 January 1940) was a French geographer. Gautier was born in Clermont-Ferrand. His studies focused on northern Africa, especially Algeria, the Sahara desert and the territories of French Africa. He also conducted research in the French colony of Madagascar. He died, aged 75, in Pontivy (Saint-Pierre-de-Quiberon). During his career, he taught classes at the \u00c9cole sup\u00e9rieure des lettres in Algiers, and was also a director of education in Madagascar. In 1922 he became a member of the Acad\u00e9mie des sciences d'outre-mer. Works Madagascar : essai de g\u00e9ographie physique (1902) \u2013 Madagascar, essay of physical geography. \u00c9tudes d\u2019ethnographie saharienne, l\u2019Anthropologie XVIII, 1907 \u2013 Studies of Saharan ethnography. L\u2019Alg\u00e9rie et la m\u00e9tropole, 1920 \u2013 Algeria and the metropolis. Les Territoires du Sud. Description g\u00e9ographique, Gouvernement G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie, 1922 \u2013 The territories of the south, a geographical description. Le Sahara (1923: translated as \"Sahara,\n\nQuestion: Tell me about \u00c9mile-F\u00e9lix Gautier.", "output": "\u00c9mile-F\u00e9lix Gautier or Gauthier was a French geographer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Columbus College of Art & Design (CCAD) is a private art school in Columbus, Ohio. It was founded in 1879 as the Columbus Art School and is one of the oldest private art and design colleges in the United States. Located in downtown Columbus, CCAD's campus consists of 14 buildings (including 2 residence halls) on and is adjacent to the Columbus Museum of Art. Approximately 1,090 full-time students are enrolled. History Early history: 1879\u20131930 CCAD was founded in 1879 as the Columbus Art School. The idea for the school started in 1878, when a group of women formed the Columbus Art Association. Their main concern became creating an art school in Columbus. The first day of classes was January 6, 1879, on the top floor of the Sessions Building at Long and High. Use of that floor had been donated by Francis Sessions, an art-minded banker and entrepreneur and one\n\nStumptown Coffee Roasters is a coffee roaster and retailer based in Portland, Oregon, United States. The chain's flagship caf\u00e9 and roastery opened in 1999. Three other cafes, a roastery and a tasting annex have since opened in Portland, as well as locations in New York, and Los Angeles,. Stumptown is owned by Peet's Coffee, which in turn is owned by JAB Holding Company. The company was an early innovator with cold brew coffee in nitro cans and have continued to develop other cold brew product innovations. Business model Founder Duane Sorenson and Stumptown Coffee Roasters have been labeled as part of the third wave of coffee movement. Sorenson and his employees visited coffee farms in person and reportedly paid high prices for beans, occasionally three or four times the fair trade price. He once set the record for highest price ever paid for coffee beans. Sorenson also offered atypical perks\n\nThe West Trenton Railroad Bridge is a concrete arch bridge carrying CSX's Trenton Subdivision and SEPTA's West Trenton Line across the Delaware River between Lower Makefield Township in Bucks County, Pennsylvania and the West Trenton section of Ewing Township in Mercer County, New Jersey. It was originally designed by the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad and was constructed from 1911 to 1913 by the F. W. Talbot Construction Company. The bridge is long between abutments, and is made up of 14 arches, 11 of which have a clear span of and 3 with a clear span of The masonry piers alongside this bridge carried the original 1875 wrought-iron truss bridge (Yardleyville Centennial Bridge). See also List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Pennsylvania References External links 1875 Philadelphia Centennial Railroad Bridge at Yardleyville Bridges completed in 1913 Bridges in Bucks County, Pennsylvania Bridges in Mercer County, New\n\nQuestion: What's Columbus College of Art and Design?", "output": "Columbus College of Art & Design is a private art school in Columbus, Ohio."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Capital MetroRail is a hybrid rail (light rail with some features similar to commuter rail) system that serves the Greater Austin area in Texas and is owned by Capital Metro, Austin's primary public transportation provider. The Red Line is Capital Metro's first and currently only rail line, and connects Downtown Austin with Austin's northwestern suburbs. The line operates on of existing freight tracks, and serves nine stations. After a series of delays, Capital MetroRail was inaugurated in March 2010. Capital Metro added Friday evening and Saturday afternoon and evening regularly scheduled service on March 23, 2012. In , the line had a ridership of , or about per weekday as of . Several proposals to construct new tracks running through the densest areas of the city have been put forward over the years. Austin voters chose not to commit funds towards the construction of a light rail system in 2000\n\nEvert Augustus Duyckinck (pronounced DIE-KINK) (November 23, 1816 \u2013 August 13, 1878) was an American publisher and biographer. He was associated with the literary side of the Young America movement in New York. Biography He was born on November 23, 1816, in New York City to Evert Duyckinck, a publisher. Evert the younger graduated from Columbia College, where he was a member of the Philolexian Society, in 1835. He then studied law with John Anthon, and was admitted to the bar in 1837. He spent the next year in Europe. Before he went abroad he wrote articles on the poet George Crabbe, the works of George Herbert, and Oliver Goldsmith, for the New York Review. In 1840 he started a monthly magazine with Cornelius Mathews called Arcturus, which ran until 1842. The New York Tribune commented on the important partnership by referring to Duyckinck and Mathews as \"the Castor and\n\nVoloshin, Woloshin,Wolloshin, Voloshyn or Woloshyn (Cyrillic: \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u0438\u043d) is a Ukrainian and Russian masculine surname. It comes from the dated exonym Volokh (\"Vlach\", \"Romanian\"). Its feminine forms are Voloshina, Woloshina, Voloshyna or Woloshyna. People Voloshin, Voloshina Aleksandr Voloshin (born 1956), Russian politician and businessman Leonid Voloshin (born 1966), Russian triple jumper Maximilian Voloshin (1877\u20131932), Ukrainian-born Russian poet Mikhail Voloshin (1953\u20132020), Russian-American theoretical physicist Sergei Voloshin (born 1953), Russian-American nuclear physicist Vera Voloshina (1919\u20131941), Russian partisan 2009 Voloshina, main-belt asteroid named after Vera Voloshyn, Voloshyna Anna Voloshyna (born 1991), Ukrainian synchro swimmer Avgustyn Voloshyn (1874\u20131945), Ukrainian politician, teacher, and essayist Dmytro Voloshyn (disambiguation), multiple people Nazar Voloshyn (born 2003), Ukrainian footballer Oleg Voloshyn (born 1981), Russian-Ukrainian journalist Vikentiy Voloshyn (born 2001), Ukrainian footballer Vyacheslav Voloshyn (born 1952), Ukrainian scientist Woloshyn Bruce Woloshyn (born 1964), American digital effects artist and supervisor Illya Woloshyn, Canadian actor Stan Woloshyn (born 1939), Canadian politician Ted Woloshyn\n\nQuestion: Define Capital MetroRail.", "output": "Capital MetroRail is a hybrid rail system that serves the Greater Austin area in Texas and is owned by Capital Metro, Austin's primary public transportation provider."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Pat Jordan (17 July 1928 \u2013 1 September 2001) was a British Trotskyist who was central to founding the International Marxist Group. Jordan was born in Chelsea, London, the son of an electrical engineer. On 21 October 1950 he married Leonora May Comrie, but the marriage was annulled in 1958 and she went on to marry Rodney Kay-Kreizman. Jordan was a full-time organiser in the Communist Party of Great Britain in Nottingham, but he left the party with Ken Coates after the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956. After a brief period working with the Socialist Review Group in 1956, they joined the Revolutionary Socialist League (RSL) in 1957. Jordan edited the RSL's paper Socialist Fight before leaving to form the International Group in 1961. From 1964 to 1968 he edited and printed a weekly duplicated magazine, The Week, at his tiny bookshop at 4 Dane Street, Nottingham. It was\n\nLords of Madness is an official supplement for the 3.5 edition of the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game. Contents The book includes new content for aberrations including new aberration monsters and monsters related to them, and information on how to hunt aberrations. It is split into the following chapters: \"What Is an Aberration?\": Defines what characteristics make a creature an aberration, and how these creatures originated. Also provides details on how to run a campaign based on aberrations. \"The Deep Masters\": Provides information on the aboleth, including their anatomy, variant creatures, a prestige class called the Savant, feats, and magic. \"The Eye Tyrants\": Provides information on the beholder, including their anatomy, variant creatures, a prestige class called the Beholder Mage, feats, and magic. \"The Mind Flayers\": Provides information on the illithid, including their anatomy, variant creatures, and magic. \"The Slave Takers\": Provides information on the neogi, including different types\n\nMary Wallace (born 13 June 1959) is an Irish former Fianna F\u00e1il politician. She served as a Teachta D\u00e1la (TD) for the Meath and Meath East constituencies from 1989 to 2011. Early life Wallace was born in County Dublin in 1959. She was educated at the Loreto Convents in Balbriggan and North Great Georges Street, Dublin and the College of Commerce, Rathmines where she received a diploma in Hospital and Health Services Administration. Following this she went on to work as a Personnel Executive in Blanchardstown Hospital. Political career Wallace first held political office in 1982 when she was elected to Meath County Council. She served on that authority until 1997. In 1987 she was elected to the 18th Seanad \u00c9ireann on the Administrative Panel, having failed to get elected to D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann at the 1987 general election. She was successful at the 1989 general election and was elected for\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Mary Wallace.", "output": "Mary Wallace is an Irish former Fianna F\u00e1il politician."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Wyoming toad (Anaxyrus baxteri), also known commonly as Baxter's toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. The Wyoming toad is an extremely rare amphibian that exists only in captivity and within Mortenson Lake National Wildlife Refuge in Wyoming in the United States. The Wyoming toad was listed as an endangered species in 1984, and listed as extinct in the wild since 1991. As with black-footed ferrets at the Tom Thorne and Beth Williams Wildlife Research Center at Sybille in Wheatland, Wyoming, the effort to save the Wyoming toad has been a cooperative effort among state and federal agencies and private landowners. The Wyoming toad was common from the 1950s through the early 1970s, but its distribution was limited to the Laramie Basin in Albany County. The population crashed around 1975 and was extremely low by 1980. The Wyoming toad was federally listed as endangered in January\n\nBathurst Inlet (Inuinnaqtun: Qingaut Kingaok, Inuktitut syllabics: \u157f\u1675\u1405\u14d0), is a small Inuit community located in Bathurst Inlet in the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut, Canada. The Inuit name for the community is Kingaun (old orthography) or Qingaut (new orthography), meaning nose mountain, which refers to a hill close to the community. Thus, the people of the area are referred to as \"Kingaunmiut\" (miut - people of). The traditional language of the area was Inuinnaqtun, and is written using the Latin alphabet rather than the syllabics of the Inuktitut writing system. Like Kugluktuk, Cambridge Bay and Umingmaktok syllabics are rarely seen and used mainly by the Government of Nunavut. Bathurst Inlet is the traditional birthing grounds of a \"key northern species\", the large, migratory Bathurst herd of barren-ground caribou. Over millennia, the Inuit, First Nations and M\u00e9tis depended on the Bathurst Inlet herd for survival. History The first Europeans known to have\n\nTommy William Polley (born January 18, 1978) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for six seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He originally played for the St. Louis Rams from 2001 to 2004 before signing with the Baltimore Ravens as a free agent in 2005. He played only one season with the Ravens before signing with the Saints on June 2, 2006. Polley grew up in Baltimore and played football for Dunbar High School. He was a Top 50 Basketball prospect according to Hoop Scoop. Early years Polley was hailed as one of the top prep athletes in the nation during his senior year at Dunbar High School in Baltimore, which is regarded as one of the top producers of basketball talent in the country. He was USA Today\u2019s Player-of-the-Year in Maryland after recording 208 tackles (136 solo), 16 sacks and eight interceptions as\n\nQuestion: Who is Tommy Polley", "output": "Tommy William Polley is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker for six seasons in the National Football League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Southern Germany () is a region of Germany that included the areas in which Upper German dialects are spoken, which includes the stem duchies of Bavaria and Swabia (present-day Bavaria, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, and the southern portion of Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate that were part of the Duchy of Franconia). German-speaking Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Alsace and South Tyrol are historically, culturally, and linguistically associated with the region. Boundaries Southern Germany primarily contrasts with Northern Germany and defines the territories of modern Germany that did not form part of the North German Confederation in the 19th century. Between Northern and Southern Germany is the loosely defined area known as Central Germany (Mitteldeutschland), roughly corresponding to the areal of Central German dialects (Franconia, Thuringia, Saxony). The boundary between the spheres of political influence of Prussia (Northern Germany) and Austria (Southern Germany) within the German Confederation (1815\u20131866) was known as the \"Main line\" (Mainlinie, after the\n\nIron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron-containing compounds (like iron sulfate) to iron-poor areas of the ocean surface to stimulate phytoplankton production. This is intended to enhance biological productivity and/or accelerate carbon dioxide () sequestration from the atmosphere. Iron is a trace element necessary for photosynthesis in plants. It is highly insoluble in sea water and in a variety of locations is the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth. Large algal blooms can be created by supplying iron to iron-deficient ocean waters. These blooms can nourish other organisms. Ocean iron fertilization is an example of a geoengineering technique. Iron fertilization attempts to encourage phytoplankton growth, which removes carbon from the atmosphere for at least a period of time. This technique is controversial because there is limited understanding of its complete effects on the marine ecosystem, including side effects and possibly large deviations from expected behavior. Such effects potentially include release\n\nMOMA Machynlleth or Museum of Modern Art, Machynlleth (Formerly MOMA Wales()) is an arts centre and gallery adjacent to (The Tabernacle) in Machynlleth, Powys, Wales. The Tabernacle was converted in the mid-1980s from a Wesleyan chapel into a centre for the performing arts. Since then the Museum of Modern Art has grown up alongside it, with six exhibition spaces. Background MOMA Machynlleth originated as MOMA Wales in 1986 as Y Tabernacl, a centre of performing arts in an old chapel, a private initiative by businessman Andrew Lambert. In 1994 this was expanded with a new complex of art galleries, a recording studio and a language laboratory. In 2016 it gained accreditation from the Museums, Archives and Libraries Division of the Welsh Government and changed its name to MOMA Machynlleth. Events and exhibitions The Machynlleth Festival takes place in the Auditorium in late August every year. During the week events take\n\nQuestion: Define Southern Germany.", "output": "Southern Germany is a region of Germany that included the areas in which Upper German dialects are spoken, which includes the stem duchies of Bavaria and Swabia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Saint Apollinaris of Valence (also known as Aplonay) (453\u2013520), born in Vienne, France, was bishop of Valence, France, at the time of the irruption of the barbarians. Valence, which was the central see of the recently founded Kingdom of the Burgundians, had been scandalized by the dissolute Bishop Maximus, and the see in consequence had been vacant for fifty years. Life Apollinaris was of a family of nobles and saints; his father was Hesychius, bishop of Vienne, where episcopal honors were informally hereditary, and where his brother Avitus would also serve as bishop. His paternal grandfather was an unknown western emperor of Rome. He was a cousin of Tonantius Ferreolus, whom he visited in 517. Apollinaris was little over twenty when he was ordained a priest. In 486, when he was thirty-three years old, he was made bishop of the long-vacant See of Valence, and under his care abuses were\n\nThe Brisbane Lions are a professional Australian rules football club based in Brisbane, Queensland that compete in the Australian Football League (AFL), the sport's elite competition. The Lions came into existence in 1996 when the AFL expansion club the Brisbane Bears, established in 1987, absorbed the AFL operations of one of the league's foundation clubs, Fitzroy, established in Melbourne, Victoria in 1883. Upon changing the club's official name and adopting Fitzroy's AFL nickname, Brisbane contested its first AFL season as the Lions in 1997. Its colours of maroon, blue, and gold were drawn from both Fitzroy and the Bears. The club plays its home matches at the Gabba in Brisbane, and its headquarters and training facilities are located at Springfield Central Stadium. The Lions are one of the most successful AFL clubs of the 2000s, appearing in four consecutive grand finals from 2001 to 2004, a period in which they\n\nCharles von H\u00fcgel (born Carl Alexander Anselm Baron von H\u00fcgel; 25 April 1795 \u2013 2 June 1870), sometimes spelt in English Huegel, was an Austrian nobleman, army officer, diplomat, botanist, and explorer, now primarily remembered for his travels in northern India during the 1830s. During his lifetime he was celebrated by the European ruling classes for his botanical garden and his introduction of plants and flowers from New Holland (Australia) to Europe's public gardens. Early life H\u00fcgel was born in Regensburg, Bavaria, on 25 April 1795. In 1813, after studying law at Heidelberg University, he became an officer in the Austrian Hussars and fought in the armies of the sixth and seventh coalitions against Napoleon. After Napoleon's abdication, H\u00fcgel visited Scandinavia and Russia, before being stationed with other Austrian troops in southern France and then Italy. In 1824, H\u00fcgel took up residence in Hietzing, a district of Vienna, where he\n\nQuestion: What's Brisbane Lions?", "output": "The Brisbane Lions are a professional Australian rules football club based in Brisbane, Queensland that compete in the  Australian Football League, the sport's elite competition."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Columbus is a Latinized version of the Italian surname \"Colombo\". It most commonly refers to: Christopher Columbus (1451\u20131506), the Italian explorer Columbus, Ohio, the capital city of the U.S. state of Ohio Columbus, Georgia, the 2nd-largest city in the U.S. State of Georgia Columbus may also refer to: Places Extraterrestrial Columbus (crater), a crater on Mars Columbus (ISS module), the European module for the International Space Station Columbus (spacecraft), a program to develop a European space station 1986\u20131991 Italy Columbus (Rome), a residential district United States Columbus, Arkansas Columbus, Georgia, the 119th-largest city in the United States, and the 2nd-largest in Georgia after Atlanta Columbus, Illinois Columbus, Indiana, known for modern architecture Columbus, Kansas Columbus, Kentucky Columbus, Minnesota Columbus, Mississippi Columbus, Missouri Columbus, Montana Columbus, Nebraska Columbus, New Jersey Columbus, New Mexico Columbus, New York Columbus, North Carolina Columbus, North Dakota Columbus, Ohio, the largest city in the United States\n\nThe Tuacahn Center for the Arts is an arts organization located at the mouth of the Padre Canyon, adjacent to Snow Canyon State Park, in Ivins, Utah. The facility was completed in 1995 and includes a 1,920-seat outdoor amphitheater, a 328 seat indoor theater, a black box theater, a dance studio, a costume shop, a scene shop, and the campus of Tuacahn High School for the Arts. The Tuacahn Center for the Arts contributes to the arts by producing two or three performances on its amphitheater stage and offers a spring and fall concert series for the region. They also produce the annual \"Christmas in the Canyon\" featuring a live-action recreation of the nativity called the \"Festival of Lights.\" History Tuacahn was founded in 1995 by playwright Douglas C. Stewart. Partnering with philanthropist and businessman, Hyrum W. Smith, he planned to create a space to tell the stories of Utah's\n\nThe San Miguel Stakes was American Thoroughbred horse race run between 1956 and 2009 at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California. A race for three-year-olds, it was contested on dirt until its final two years when the synthetic Cushion Track was installed. It was raced at a distance of 7 furlongs in its 1956 inaugural then at 6 furlongs in 1957 and at 6.5 furlongs from 1958 through 1963 after which it reverted permanently to six furlongs. Tompion came in third, and T.V. Lark placed in 1960. Linda's Chief won and Ancient Title placed in 1973. Bold Forbes placed in 1976. A filly, Motivity, won in 1981. Precisionist won in 1984. The final running of the San Miguel Stakes took place on March 28, 2009. Records Speed record: 1:08.22 @ 6 furlongs : Prince Wild (1991) Most wins by a jockey: 6 - Bill Shoemaker (1960, 1964, 1966, 1971, 1977,\n\nQuestion: What is San Miguel Stakes?", "output": "The San Miguel Stakes was American Thoroughbred horse race run between 1956 and 2009 at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Swagatalakshmi Dasgupta () is a Bengali musician and exponent of Rabindra Sangeet. Early life Dasgupta was born into a musical family, the daughter of Late Shri Pabitra Dasgupta, a lecturer at Bhatkhande Marris Music College in Lucknow, who trained her in pure Hindustani classical music. Swagatalakshmi completed her M.A. in music at Rabindra Bharati University, Kolkata. She received further training from Smt. Maya Sen, an expert on Rabindra Sangeet. Swagatalakshmi subsequently worked at Rabindra Bharati University for two years as a lecturer. In 1985, Swagatalakshmi won the All India Singing Talent Contest, leading her towards the musical profession. The following year, she came first in Rabindra Sangeet and Bhajan in the All India Radio Music Competition (Akashbani), and Rabindra Sangeet and Atul Prasadee in West Bengal Rajya Music Competition. Music Swagatalakshmi has recorded over 5000 songs across genres including North Indian classical music, Rabindra sangeet, Carnatic classical music, Western music,\n\nLozani\u0107's triangle (sometimes called Losanitsch's triangle) is a triangular array of binomial coefficients in a manner very similar to that of Pascal's triangle. It is named after the Serbian chemist Sima Lozani\u0107, who researched it in his investigation into the symmetries exhibited by rows of paraffins (archaic term for alkanes). The first few lines of Lozani\u0107's triangle are 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 4 2 1 1 3 6 6 3 1 1 3 9 10 9 3 1 1 4 12 19 19 12 4 1 1 4 16 28 38 28 16 4 1 1 5 20 44 66 66 44 20 5 1 1 5 25 60 110 126 110 60 25 5 1 1 6 30 85 170 236 236 170 85 30 6 1 1 6 36 110 255 396 472 396 255 110 36 6 1 1\n\nInventure Academy is a private coeducational International School in Bangalore, India. It is located on the Whitefield-Sarjapura road on the Eastern periphery of Bangalore city and has a campus of over 20 acres. Established by the India Learning Foundation in 2005, Inventure Academy offers Kindergarten to Senior Secondary (Pre K - Grade 12) education, and is affiliated to the Cambridge Assessment International Education (CAIE) \u2013 IGCSE, A/AS levels, the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examination (CISCE) \u2013 ICSE & ISC. Management The board of founding trustees is made of the chairman and co-founder of Inventure Academy, Irfan Razack, who is also the Managing Director of the Prestige Group, a reputed property development company in South India, and a Honorary Secretary of the Al-Ameen Educational Society. The Managing Trustee, CEO, and Co-Founder of Inventure Academy, Ms. Nooraine Fazal, holds an MBA degree from Boston University. After working with global giants\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Swagatalakshmi Dasgupta is.", "output": "Swagatalakshmi Dasgupta is a Bengali musician and exponent of Rabindra Sangeet."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "P\u00e1l Csernai (21 October 1932 \u2013 1 September 2013) was a Hungarian football player and manager. Career Playing career Born in Pilis, Kingdom of Hungary, Csernai played club football in Hungary, Germany and Switzerland for Budapesti Post\u00e1s, Csepeli Vasas, Karlsruher SC, La Chaux-de-Fonds and Stuttgarter Kickers. He also earned two caps for Hungary in 1955. Management career After retiring as a player, Csernai managed clubs in Germany, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Turkey, Switzerland and Hungary. In the early 1990s, he was involved with the North Korean national team. In June 1991, he signed a six-month contract with the PRKFA, acting as a technical adviser to manager Hong Hyon-chol. During this time, North Korea beat the United States 2\u20131 in a friendly match. After Hong's sacking in October 1993, the PRKFA turned to Csernai to become the national team's manager. The team left for Qatar to participate in the final round of\n\nThe Kutub al-Sitta () are six (originally five) books containing collections of hadith (sayings or acts of the Islamic prophet Muhammad) compiled by six Sunni Muslim scholars in the ninth century CE, approximately two centuries after the death of Prophet Muhammad. They are sometimes referred to as al-Sihah al-Sittah, which translates as \"The Authentic Six\". Since then, they have enjoyed near-universal acceptance as part of the official canon of Sunni Islam. The sixth book is disputed in Sunni Muslim jurisprudence. They were first formally grouped and defined by Ibn al-Qaisarani in the 11th century, who added Sunan ibn Majah to the list. In particular, the Malikis and Ibn al-Athir consider al-Muwatta' to be the sixth book. Some scholars considered Sunan al-Daraqutni to be the sixth book. The reason for the addition of Ibn Majah's Sunan is that it contains many Hadiths which do not figure in the other five, whereas\n\nWEPA-CD, virtual channel 59 (UHF digital channel 16), was a low-power, Class A Cozi TV-affiliated television station that was licensed to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The station was owned by OTA Broadcasting. The simulcast network gave it coverage similar to or greater than that of full-power television stations in that market. History The stations were founded and owned by Bruno-Goodworth Network, Inc. until sold on August 26, 2013 for $7.25 million to OTA Broadcasting, LLC (a company controlled by Michael Dell's MSD Capital). After the sale, WEPA-CD became an affiliate of Cozi TV, Movies! and Retro TV. Because of the coverage it had, WEPA was one of the few Class A stations in the country that is \"reportable\" by Nielsen Media Research . However, on April 13, 2017, FCC announced that it had accepted OTA Broadcasting's bids totaling $73.9 million to sell the spectrum rights of WEPA-CD and four other\n\nQuestion: What is WEPA-CD", "output": "WEPA-CD, virtual channel 59, was a low-power, Class A Cozi TV-affiliated television station that was licensed to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Phagwara is a city and municipal corporation in the Kapurthala district of Punjab, India. It is located 40 kilometers from Kapurthala, the district headquarter, away from Chandigarh, away from Jalandhar and from New Delhi. The city is famous for sugar, glucose, starch, fine fabric textiles, and auto parts manufacturing for engines in Punjab. This place is also known for the Shri Hanuman Garhi Temple, which has statues of the Hindu God, Lord Hanuman. History Phagwara started as a market town in the region, founded by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. It eventually grew into a more rural character. In 1772 it became part of the Ahluwalia Sikh Dynasty of Kapurthala. A decade earlier, the militarist Sikh Guru Hargobind Sahib ji visited the city in 1635 near the end of his time as Sikh guru. One of his great devotees, Phagu, heard that Sahib was fighting the Mughals and coming to\n\nMartin Karplus (; born March 15, 1930) is an Austrian and American theoretical chemist. He is the Director of the Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, a joint laboratory between the French National Center for Scientific Research and the University of Strasbourg, France. He is also the Theodore William Richards Professor of Chemistry, emeritus at Harvard University. Karplus received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, together with Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel, for \"the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems\". Early life Martin Karplus was born in Vienna, Austria. He was a child when his family fled from the Nazi-occupation in Austria a few days after the Anschluss in March 1938, spending several months in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland and La Baule, France before immigrating to the United States. Prior to their immigration to the United States, the family was known for being \"an intellectual and successful secular Jewish family\" in Vienna. His\n\nVesna Ter\u0161eli\u010d (born in 1962) is a peace activist who founded the Anti-War Campaign of Croatia. In 1998, she was joint recipient of the Right Livelihood Award along with Katarina Kruhonja of the Centre for Peace, Non-violence and Human Rights, Osijek. Biography Ter\u0161eli\u010d, an ethnic Slovene born in Ljubljana, lives in Zagreb, where she works as a peace activist. Vesna Ter\u0161eli\u010d, together with other her friends, organized the Croatian Anti-War Campaign in 1991 to prevent war conflicts on the territories of the former Yugoslavia. As Ter\u0161eli\u010d said: \"We initiated the anti-war [campaign] on July 4, 1991, which means that we did it too late, because the whole previous year... passed in hope that surely the politicians were doing something in order to reach an agreement in a diplomatic way, reaching a new form of arrangement between Croats and Serbs in Croatia.\" They also launched the magazine Arkzin in September 1991\n\nQuestion: Who is Vesna Ter\u0161eli\u010d", "output": "Vesna Ter\u0161eli\u010d is a peace activist who founded the Anti-War Campaign of Croatia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Misguided is Argyle Park's only album under that name. The album was released on March 21, 1995, by R.E.X. Records into the Christian rock market, and sits alongside other early 90s work by Circle of Dust and Mortal as being instrumental in introducing industrial music to the Christian music scene. The album was nominated for Best Metal/Hard Rock Album at the 27th Annual GMA Dove Awards in 1996. Misguided is a diverse album that combines elements such as techno, metal guitar, ragtime piano, horns, samples, and dark vocals. Members cited influences such as Portishead and jazz being responsible for the experimentation on the album. It also features a wide variety of guest appearances by other alternative Christian bands and mainstream industrial bands of the mid 90s. The lyrics generally center around themes of betrayal, bitterness, and emotional pain, with band members and associates at various times hinting that the album\n\nThe University of North Carolina School of Law, sometimes referred to as Carolina Law, is the law school of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Established in 1845, it is among the oldest law schools in the United States and is the oldest law school in North Carolina. History 19th century On December 12, 1842, following discussion in the North Carolina legal community, the trustees of the University of North Carolina authorized the university's president David L. Swain to review and establish a law professorship. In 1845, William Horn Battle was named the first professor of law, and legal instruction began at the university. In the years following, assistant professors and later an organized faculty and law library were added. 20th century In 1915, Margaret Berry became the first female to graduate from the law school. In the 1920s, the school began taking on much of the character\n\nThe Stanford Solar Car Project (SSCP) is a student group at Stanford University that designs, builds, tests, and races solar-powered vehicles. The SSCP, a student-run, donation-funded organization, has been building and racing solar-powered vehicles since 1986. It has competed and placed at The World Solar Challenge, the Global Green Challenge, and American Solar Challenge. The Stanford Solar Car Project has historically prided itself on being a completely student-run project. There is no faculty involvement at a managerial or technical level; faculty involvement is limited to advocacy and fundraising. The project is open to Stanford students in all fields of study and seeks to educate groups on and off campus about applied engineering and renewable energy. The project works at the Volkswagen Automotive Innovation Lab, a building shared with the Stanford DARPA Grand Challenge team, the Dynamic Design Lab, and other automotive research groups. However, work on the car continues at\n\nQuestion: Define Misguided.", "output": "Misguided is Argyle Park's only album under that name."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Belle Meade Historic Site and Winery, located in Belle Meade, Tennessee, is a historic mansion that is now operated as an attraction, museum, winery, and onsite restaurant together with outbuildings on its 30 acres of property. In the mid 19th century, the plantation encompassed roughly 5,400 acres with over a hundred enslaved persons. A Winery and Visitors' Center have been constructed on the property. Preserved original outbuildings, including the original Harding Cabin where Belle Meade began, a dairy, a gardener's house, a carriage and stable house built in 1892, one of the largest smokehouses in Tennessee, and a mausoleum may also be seen. Since the 1990s, the executive leadership of the site began an effort to reconcile the past and to tell the stories of African Americans who were brought to and born at Belle Meade and worked there before and after emancipation. By 2018, this emphasis resulted in developing\n\nThe Guia Fortress (; ) is a 17th-century colonial military fort, chapel, and lighthouse complex in S\u00e3o L\u00e1zaro, Macau. The complex is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Historic Centre of Macau. The view of the fortress and the lighthouse has been blocked by the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Macao Special Administrative Region since 2010. Local citizens and scholars criticised that such a case proved that the Macao government had ignored the conservation of heritage in urban planning. Architecture The fort and chapel were constructed between the 1622 and 1638. The fort was already partly built during the unsuccessful attempt by the Netherlands to capture colonial Macau from Portugal, providing an advantageous firing position for defending against naval attacks. Lighthouse The lighthouse was constructed between 1864 and 1865, the first western style lighthouse in the Far East, southeast Asia or on the China coast.\n\nSAP NetWeaver Application Server or SAP Web Application Server is a component of SAP NetWeaver which works as a web application server for SAP products. All ABAP application servers including the message server represent the application layer of the multitier architecture of an ABAP-based SAP system. These application servers execute ABAP applications and communicate with the presentation components, the database, and also with each other, using the message server. Architecture The architecture of SAP Web Application Server can be separated into 5 areas: Presentation layer In the presentation layer, the user interface can be developed with JavaServer Pages (JSP), Business Server Pages (BSP), or with Web Dynpro technology. The underlying business layer provides the business content in Java or ABAP. Business layer The business layer consists of a J2EE certified run-time environment that processes the requests passed from the Internet Communication Manager (ICM) and dynamically generates the responses. The business\n\nQuestion: Tell me what SAP NetWeaver Application Server is.", "output": "SAP NetWeaver Application Server or SAP Web Application Server is a component of SAP NetWeaver which works as a web application server for SAP products."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ahmed Muradbegovi\u0107 (3 March 1898 \u2013 15 March 1972) was a Bosniak writer, dramatist and novelist. Early life Muradbegovi\u0107 was born in the eastern Bosnian town of Grada\u010dac in March 1898, while Bosnia was occupied by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He attended elementary school in his city of birth, but went to high school in Tuzla, Sarajevo and Biha\u0107, graduating in 1919, after the end of World War I. That same year, he enrolled in law school in Zagreb. After two months of that, he transferred to the Filozofski fakultet Sveu\u010dili\u0161ta u Zagrebu (Faculty of Philosophy of Zagreb). At the same time, he attended drama school starting in 1920 and completing two years later. Muradbegovi\u0107 entered literature at the age of 19 in the year 1917, when his poem U krvi i plamenu (In Blood and Fire) was published in a Sarajevo newspaper. Two more of his poems were published in\n\nVasse is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in Western Australia. Vasse is based in the South West region of the state, centred on the town of Busselton and is named for the Vasse River. It has been a safe seat for the Liberal Party at all times since its creation, including as its previous incarnation, Sussex. The current MLA, Liberal Libby Mettam, won a by-election on 18 October 2014 following the resignation of former Liberal leader Troy Buswell. Geography Originally centred on Geographe Bay and Busselton, the redistribution ahead of the 2008 state election expanded the electorate south to include large parts of the Shire of Augusta-Margaret River which had formerly been in Warren-Blackwood prior to that district's abolition. Apart from Busselton and its suburbs, the Vasse district includes the towns of Vasse, Dunsborough/Quindalup, Yallingup, Margaret River, Cowaramup, Gracetown and Prevelly as well as part of Witchcliffe. History\n\nSleepaway Camp III: Teenage Wasteland (released as Nightmare Vacation III in the United Kingdom) is a 1989 American slasher film and the third installment in the Sleepaway Camp film series. Written by Fritz Gordon and directed by Michael A. Simpson, it stars Pamela Springsteen as Angela, Tracy Griffith, Mark Oliver, and Michael J. Pollard. Taking place one year after the events in the previous film, it again follows the same transgender serial killer, Angela, who is targeting more teenagers at another summer camp. A fourth film called Sleepaway Camp IV: The Survivor was intended to be released in 1992, but production stopped after the company went bankrupt upon shooting less than forty minutes (which was followed by a DVD release of the footage and one of a cobbled together cut). In 2008, Return to Sleepaway Camp (2008), a direct sequel to the original film was released. Plot One year after\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Sleepaway Camp III: Teenage Wasteland is.", "output": "Sleepaway Camp III: Teenage Wasteland is a 1989 American slasher film and the third installment in the Sleepaway Camp film series."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Daara J (pronounced , which means \"the school\" in Wolof) are a Senegalese rap duet that consists of N'Dongo D and Faada Freddy. Their music takes influence from hip hop, Afro-Cuban rhythms, and reggae and is performed in English, French, Spanish, and Wolof. Daara J was formed in 1997 and quickly became popular in Senegal from the release of their first cassette album, Daara J. They followed in 1999 with a more politically themed recording, Xalima, which integrated numerous musical ideas and instruments from Senegal and other African countries. 2003's Boomerang was critically acclaimed and furthered the combination of various musical and lyrical influences of the previous two recordings. Activism has also been an important aspect of the group's philosophy since it was founded. Formation Daara J, formed in 1994, was originally a trio that consisted of Faada Freddy, N'Dongo D and Lord Alajiiman. Lord Alajiiman performed and toured throughout\n\nis a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Bisco Hatori. It was serialized in Hakusensha's LaLa magazine between the September 2002 and November 2010 issues. The series follows Haruhi Fujioka, a scholarship student at Ouran Academy, and the other members of the popular host club. The romantic comedy focuses on the relationships within and outside the Club. The manga has been adapted into a series of audio dramas, an animated television series directed by Takuya Igarashi and produced by Bones, a Japanese television drama series, a 2012 live-action film adaptation, and a visual novel by Idea Factory. Two musical adaptations opened in 2022, with the final one scheduled for 2023. By December 2011, Ouran High School Host Club had over 13 million copies in circulation. Plot The comedic series revolves around the escapades of Haruhi Fujioka, a scholarship student at the prestigious Ouran Academy, an elite private school for\n\nThe Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (CDHRI) is a declaration of the member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) first adopted in Cairo, Egypt, on 5 August 1990, (Conference of Foreign Ministers, 9\u201314 Muharram 1411H in the Islamic calendar), and later revised in 2020 and adopted on 28 November 2020 (Council of Foreign Ministers at its 47th session in Niamey, Republic of Niger). It provides an overview on the Islamic perspective on human rights. The 1990 version affirms Islamic sharia as its sole source, whereas the 2020 version doesn't specifically invoke sharia. The focus of this article is the 1990 version of the CDHRI. The CDHRI declares its purpose to be \"general guidance for Member States [of the OIC] in the field of human rights\". This declaration is widely acknowledged as an Islamic response to the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), adopted in\n\nQuestion: What's Ouran High School Host Club?", "output": "is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Bisco Hatori."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The FA Trophy, currently known as the IZIBET FA Trophy for sponsorship reasons, is an annual football cup competition that takes place in Malta. The cup was founded in 1933; following a match between England and Italy, played in Rome in May 1933, to where a number of pro-British Maltese supporters travelled to support the English side. The Football Association as recognition donated a silver trophy to be played on the model of the FA Cup. The team who wins the cup wins a place in the First qualifying round of the UEFA Europa Conference League. This competition is now played on a knock-out basis between all the senior clubs in the Maltese and Gozitan football pyramids. The cup winners play a match for the Maltese Super Cup against the league champions of the season. Format The ten teams from the First Division and the teams which placed from 4th\n\nHershey High School is a comprehensive four-year public high school located in Hershey, Pennsylvania. The high school is one of four buildings which comprise the campus of the Derry Township School District and serves students in ninth through twelfth grades. Along with Hershey Middle School, the high school is nationally recognized as a Blue Ribbon School. As of the 2019-2020 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1225 students and 82.48 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student\u2013teacher ratio of 14.85:1. Awards, recognition and rankings Hershey High School ranks consistently as one of the top public schools in the state of Pennsylvania. U.S. News & World Report ranks it as the number one rated school in the Harrisburg metropolitan area, and the tenth best high school in Pennsylvania. Niche ranks the high school as the 14th best in the state. Nationally, Hershey High School is ranked as\n\nThomas Seccombe (1866\u20131923) was a miscellaneous English writer and, from 1891 to 1901, assistant editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, in which he wrote over 700 entries. A son of physician and episcopus vagans John Thomas Seccombe, he was educated at Felsted and Balliol College, Oxford, taking a first in Modern History in 1889. Works (editor) Twelve Bad Men: Original Studies of Eminent Scoundrels (1894) The Age of Johnson (1899) The Age of Shakespeare (with John William Allen (1865\u20131944), 1903) Bookman History of English Literature (with W. Robertson Nicoll, 1905\u20136) In Praise of Oxford (1910) Scott Centenary Articles (with W. P. Ker, George Gordon, W. H. Hutton, Arthur McDowall, and R. S. Rait, 1932) The Dictionary of National Biography (assistant editor) References Cousin, John W. A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. 1910. Attribution External links A Guide to the Thomas Seccombe correspondence, NC829. Special Collections, University Libraries, University\n\nQuestion: What's Maltese FA Trophy?", "output": "The FA Trophy, currently known as the IZIBET FA Trophy for sponsorship reasons, is an annual football cup competition that takes place in Malta."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "University of Advancing Technology (UAT) is a private for-profit university in Tempe, Arizona. Founded in 1983, UAT integrates technology into its general education requirements. The institution offers core classes (e.g., Legal Issues in Technology, Technology and Society, Ethics in Technology), as well as deep sets of courses in each major. Each student is required to complete a \"Student Innovation Project\" and internship to graduate. UAT offers Associate, Bachelor's and Master's degrees, on campus and online. The school has an enrollment of approximately 1000 students. UAT also participates in a student exchange with DeMontfort University, UK. History Founded in 1983, the University of Advancing Technology was first known as CAD Institute, a small school focused on training engineers and architects in the then new field of computer-aided design. Students came to CAD Institute seeking professional development training and certifications. The institution received accreditation in 1987 by the Accrediting Council for Continuing\n\nAinkurunuru ( meaning five hundred short poems) is a classical Tamil poetic work and traditionally the third of the Eight Anthologies (Ettuthokai) in the Sangam literature. It is divided into five groups of 100 short stanzas of 3 to 6 lines, each hundred subdivided into 10s, or pattu. The five groups are based on tinai (landscapes): riverine, sea coast, mountain, arid and pastoral. According to Martha Selby, the love poems in Ainkurunuru are generally dated from about the late-2nd-to-3rd-century-CE (Sangam period). According to Takanobu Takahashi \u2013 a Tamil literature scholar, these poems were likely composed between 300 and 350 CE based on the linguistic evidence, while Kamil Zvelebil \u2013 another Tamil literature scholar \u2013 suggests the Ainkurunuru poems were composed by 210 CE, with some of the poems dated to 100 BCE. The Ainkurunuru anthology manuscript includes a colophon which states it to be a Chera (Kerala) text, rather than\n\nRobert Norman \"Punk\" Berryman (May 18, 1892 \u2013 May 18, 1966) was an American football player and coach. He played as a halfback at Pennsylvania State University and was selected as third-team All-American in 1915, his senior year. Berryman served as the head football coach at Gettysburg College in 1916 and at Lafayette College in 1917. He was subsequently an assistant football coach at the University of Iowa and Dickinson College. Berryman served as the head basketball coach at Iowa State University during the 1919\u201320 season; his team finished the season with an overall record of 6\u201312, placing seventh in the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association with a conference mark of 2\u201310. In 1922 and 1923 Berryman was an assistant coach at Colgate University under fellow Penn State alumnus, Dick Harlow. In 1924, he coached the Frankford Yellow Jackets, newly enfranchised to the National Football League (NFL), to a record\n\nQuestion: What's Ainkurunuru?", "output": "Ainkurunuru is a classical Tamil poetic work and traditionally the third of the Eight Anthologies in the Sangam literature."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Litton Reservoirs (also known as Coley Reservoirs) () are two reservoirs near the village of Litton, Somerset, England. They are operated by Bristol Water. They lie on the boundary between Bath and North East Somerset and Mendip districts. The individual lakes are called Lower Litton and Upper Litton. The former is in size, the latter and much deeper. They were built around 1850 by the Bristol Waterworks Company in conjunction with the \"Line of Works\" to bring water from the Mendip Hills to Bristol. A public footpath goes around the lakes and across the dam. The banks are home to a variety of flowers including; Primroses (Primula vulgaris), Common Bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta, sometimes Endymion non-scriptus or Scilla non-scripta), Wood anemone (Anemone nemorosa), Violets and Campion. Several species of birds are frequent visitors including; Moorhen (Gallinula), Coot (Fulica), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Swan and Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula). Fishing (under permit) is\n\nKerry Max Cook (born 1956) is an American former death row inmate who was wrongfully convicted and sentenced to death for the rape and murder of 21-year-old Linda Jo Edwards in 1977. Biography Kerry Max Cook was born in Stuttgart, West Germany, and moved to Texas with his family in 1972. He served over 20 years in a Texas prison on Death Row. Since his release, he has become an activist against the death penalty, speaking across the United States and in Europe. Cook wrote Chasing Justice, which was published by HarperCollins in 2008, that details his conviction, the widespread prosecutorial abuses which led to it, and the battle to prove his innocence. Chasing Justice was nominated for the Edgar Award by Mystery Writers of America. He was awarded a Soros Justice Fellowship to write the book. In an advance blurb for the memoir, former FBI Director and Federal Judge\n\nJohn Hubert Plunkett (June 1802 \u2013 9 May 1869) was Attorney-General of New South Wales, an appointed member of the Legislative Council 1836\u201341, 1843\u201356, 1857\u201358 and 1861\u201369. He was also elected as a member of the Legislative Assembly 1856\u201360. He is best known for the prosecution of the colonists who brutally murdered 28 Aboriginals in the Myall Creek Massacre of 1838, seven of whom were convicted and hanged. Early life John Hubert Plunkett was born at Mount Plunkett, County Roscommon, Ireland, the younger of twins and son of George Plunkett and his wife Eileen, n\u00e9e O'Kelly. Plunkett entered Trinity College Dublin, in November 1819 (graduating B.A. in 1824) and was called to the Irish bar in 1826 and later to the English bar. He practised as a barrister on the Connaught circuit in 1826\u201332 with distinction, fought for Catholic Emancipation, and was given credit by Daniel O'Connell for the success\n\nQuestion: What is Litton Reservoirs?", "output": "Litton Reservoirs are two reservoirs near the village of Litton, Somerset, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "John Lindsay Bryan (26 May 1896 \u2013 23 April 1985) was an English schoolteacher and cricketer who played for Cambridge University and Kent County Cricket Club. Bryan served in the British Army in both World War I and World War II and won the Military Cross in 1918. He played for Kent alongside two of his brothers and toured Australia with the England cricket team in 1924/25. He was named as one of Wisden's five Cricketers of the Year in 1922. Early life Bryan was born in Beckenham in Kent, the oldest son of Lindsay and Emily Bryan. His father was a solicitor. Bryan attended St Andrews' Preparatory School in Eastbourne where he captained the school Cricket XI, before winning an academic scholarship to Rugby School in 1911. He captained the Rugby Cricket XI in August 1914 and opened the batting for Lord's Schools against the Rest with George Whitehead\n\nAshley Avery Ambrose (born September 17, 1970) is a former professional American football cornerback for several National Football League (NFL) teams during the 1990s and early 2000s who most recently served as the cornerbacks coach at the University of Colorado. He was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the second round of the 1992 NFL Draft. Ambrose was hired as a defensive technical intern for the Colorado football team's 2008 season. In May 2009, head coach Dan Hawkins announced that Ambrose would take over as the wide receivers coach in 2010, but after the departure of Greg Brown, Ambrose took over the defensive backs. From 2011 to 2012, he was the secondary coach at University of California, Berkeley. In 2013, he spent the season with the New Orleans Saints in the NFL as a minority intern. In 2014, he coached cornerbacks at the University of Idaho and moved on to\n\nTanbridge House School is a coeducational secondary school located in Horsham, West Sussex, England. Its current head master is Mr Sheridan who started in 2022. The school teaches a variety of subjects across the curriculum. In 2012 95.7% of students achieved A*-C grades at GCSE. Of those, 79% achieved 5 A*-C including English and Maths. In November 2012, the school achieved an 'Outstanding' Ofsted rating in all four key areas of inspection. This placed it in the top three per cent of secondary schools in the country and made it one of only seven 'Outstanding' secondary schools in the county. School Information There is a 'Student Voice' at Tanbridge which involves over 100 student representatives, who are involved in interviewing potential staff, leading on environmental and charitable issues and helping new pupils make the transition from primary to secondary school. The school was one of the first schools in West\n\nQuestion: Who was Ashley Ambrose?", "output": "Ashley Avery Ambrose is a former professional American football cornerback for several National Football League teams during the 1990s and early 2000s who most recently served as the cornerbacks coach at the University of Colorado."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Flower of My Secret () is a 1995 drama film written and directed by Pedro Almod\u00f3var. It was selected as the Spanish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film category at the 68th Academy Awards, but it was not selected as one of the final five nominees. Plot Leocadia \"Leo\" Mac\u00edas, missing her husband, Paco, a NATO military official who is in Brussels for reasons related to the Bosnian War, puts on a pair of boots he gave her, but they are too tight, and she cannot get them off. Unable to contact her housekeeper, she tracks down her best friend, Betty, who removes the boots. Betty later encourages Leo, who is a writer, to contact Betty's friend \u00c1ngel, an editor at El Pa\u00eds, and ask for a job writing about literature as a distraction. \u00c1ngel and Leo get along well, but when he asks her to review a\n\nLincoln Square is the name of both a square and the surrounding neighborhood on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. Lincoln Square is centered on the intersection of Broadway and Columbus Avenue, between West 65th and 66th streets. The neighborhood is bounded by Columbus and Amsterdam avenues to the east and west, and 66th and 63rd streets to the north and south, respectively. However, the term can be extended to refer to the neighborhood between 59th and 72nd streets. It is bounded by Hell's Kitchen, Riverside South, Central Park, and the Upper West Side proper. The studios for WABC-TV are located here. The area includes the 66th Street\u2013Lincoln Center station served by the New York City Subway's , and is anchored by Lincoln Center, a collection of performing-arts venues, and the Manhattan campus of Fordham University. Lincoln Square is part of Manhattan Community District 7 and\n\nHardy Brown (May 8, 1924 \u2013 November 8, 1991) was an American football linebacker in the National Football League (NFL), All-America Football Conference (AAFC), and the American Football League (AFL). He played college football at the University of Tulsa and then professionally for the San Francisco 49ers, Washington Redskins, and the Denver Broncos. He was one of only two men who played in the AAFC, NFL, and the AFL (the other was Ben Agajanian). When Brown was four years old, he witnessed the murder of his father. He was then sent, along with his brothers and sisters, to live at the Texas Masonic Home, an orphanage for the children of deceased Freemasons in Fort Worth, Texas. At the Masonic Home, Brown became friends with Tex Coulter. Brown was a standout football player for the Mighty Mites, leading them to the state semi-finals his senior year. He then enlisted in the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Hardy Brown is.", "output": "Hardy Brown was an American football linebacker in the National Football League, All-America Football Conference, and the American Football League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gianni De Fraja is a professor of economics at the University of Nottingham, England and a Research Fellow (CEPR). He was born in Bologna, where he spent the first five years of his life, before moving to Bassano del Grappa and then on to Mestre, near Venice, where he lived until he was eighteen. He attended SSSUP college in Pisa from which he graduated in 1982. He then moved to a house near the Chianti Hills near Vagliagli where he took his doctorate at Siena with a thesis on Game Theory. After a year in Siena he was encouraged by his teachers to go abroad and so went to England, to Linacre College, Oxford. After two years in Oxford he returned to Italy for military service in the Italian Army. After a year he returned to complete his thesis on oligopolistic competition. Since finishing his studies in Oxford he has\n\nThe Decree of Turda (; ) was a 14th century decree by King Louis I of Hungary that granted special privileges to the Transylvanian noblemen to take measures against malefactors belonging to any nation, especially the Romanians. Background In the 14th century, the Kingdom of Hungary had a political and economic consolidation, thus Transylvania prospered as never before. The campaign against the Golden Horde in 1345 led by Andrew Lackfi, Count of the Sz\u00e9kelys had finally expelled the Tatars and ended the devastations of the Mongols. According to Hungarian historians, the main source of problems was the relationship between nobles and villains, which was not resolved and was further complicated as claimed by legal and social aspects of the settlement of Romanians in the Hungarian counties. Due to the different ways of life, the constantly increasing population of Romanians in Transylvania led to repeated conflicts with the Hungarians. King Louis\n\nComputational aeroacoustics is a branch of aeroacoustics that aims to analyze the generation of noise by turbulent flows through numerical methods. History The origin of computational aeroacoustics can only very likely be dated back to the middle of the 1980s, with a publication of Hardin and Lamkin who claimed, that \"[...] the field of computational fluid mechanics has been advancing rapidly in the past few years and now offers the hope that \"computational aeroacoustics,\" where noise is computed directly from a first principles determination of continuous velocity and vorticity fields, might be possible, [...]\" Later in a publication 1986 the same authors introduced the abbreviation CAA. The term was initially used for a low Mach number approach (Expansion of the acoustic perturbation field about an incompressible flow) as it is described under EIF. Later in the beginning 1990s the growing CAA community picked up the term and extensively used it\n\nQuestion: What is Computational aeroacoustics", "output": "Computational aeroacoustics is a branch of aeroacoustics that aims to analyze the generation of noise by turbulent flows through numerical methods."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Joseph Little Bristow (July 22, 1861 \u2013 July 14, 1944) was a Republican politician from the American state of Kansas. Elected in 1908, Bristow served a single term in the United States Senate where he gained recognition for his support of several political causes of the Progressive era. In retirement, Bristow was a farmer in Annandale, Virginia. Bristow was a bit player in a legendary episode in American political folklore when his Senate speech on \"what the country needs\" moved a bored Vice President Thomas R. Marshall, the presiding officer, to stage whisper \"What this country really needs is a good five-cent cigar.\" Early life Joseph Little Bristow was born just outside the hamlet of Hazel Green, Kentucky on July 22, 1861, the son of William Bristow and Savannah (Little) Bristow. William Bristow was the son of a Methodist minister who had become a Methodist minister, taught school, and was\n\nNieheim () is a town in H\u00f6xter district in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Historical names of Nieheim are: Nihem, Nyem, and Nym. The town covers an area of about 80 km2 and has about 6,250 inhabitants. Geography Nieheim lies roughly 10 km northeast of Brakel. Constituent communities Nieheim consists of the following 10 centres: Entrup Eversen Erwitzen Himmighausen Holzhausen Merlsheim Nieheim Oeynhausen Sch\u00f6nenberg Sommersell mit Kariensiek History Nieheim, with its more than 750-year-old history reaches well back into the Middle Ages. From its beginnings as a community, it grew after being granted municipal privileges (lower court rights, market rights and minting rights, among others) in Bishop Bernhard IV's time (1228\u20131247), into today's town of Nieheim. After quickly developing from a former farming town and Hanseatic member, Nieheim has risen today to be a climatic spa with a function as a minor centre, and a mediaeval town with flair. Politics Town council\n\nRobert Piet Houwer (born 13 December 1937) is a Dutch film producer. He studied at the University of Television and Film Munich, Germany. In 1964 he directed the short film Anmeldung (Declaration) which was awarded a Silver Bear at the Berlin Filmfest. During the 1960s, Rob Houwer became one of the most prolific producers in Germany, with directors Volker Schl\u00f6ndorff (A Degree of Murder, Man on Horseback), Peter Fleischmann (Hunting Scenes from Bavaria), Johannes Schaaf (Tattoo), Michael Verhoeven (Up the Establishment, o.k.) and Hans-J\u00fcrgen Syberberg (Romy: Anatomy of a Face). Upon his return to the Netherlands in 1971, he frequently collaborated with Paul Verhoeven and produced most of his Dutch films. Turkish Delight (1973), based on the novel by Jan Wolkers, became the most frequently visited film in Dutch cinema and still holds that place today. The relationship between Houwer and Verhoeven ended when Verhoeven moved to the US in\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Nieheim is.", "output": "Nieheim is a town in H\u00f6xter district in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Kapiti Urban Area is a statistical area that was defined by Statistics New Zealand to cover a group of urban settlements of the K\u0101piti Coast District, in the Wellington Region. It was classified as a main urban area under the New Zealand Standard Areas Classification 1992 because its population exceeded 30,000. The settlements comprise (north to south): Waikanae Paraparaumu (including Otaihanga, Raumati Beach and Raumati South) Paek\u0101k\u0101riki The largest settlement is Paraparaumu. Raumati may be considered a suburb of Paraparaumu or a separate town in its own right \u2013 there are no legal definitions for towns in New Zealand. Kapiti Urban Area is better described as a commuter area of Wellington than an independent city. Under Statistical Standard for Geographic Areas 2018, Kapiti Urban Area was split into separate urban areas for the three settlements. The K\u0101piti Coast District also includes the settlements of Te Horo and \u014ctaki, which\n\nMarina Prior (born 18 October 1963) is an Australian soprano and actress with a career mainly in musical theatre. From 1990 to 1993, she starred as the original Christine Daa\u00e9 in the Australian premiere of The Phantom of the Opera, opposite Anthony Warlow and later Rob Guest. Early life Prior was born in Port Moresby in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea, Australia, where her father was working in the shipping industry. Her parents were members of the local Gilbert and Sullivan Society. The family returned to Australia when she was a young child and she grew up in Melbourne, where she attended Syndal South Primary School and Korowa Anglican Girls' School. She began to take singing lessons at the age of twelve and also learnt piano, flute and guitar. In 1982 Prior started studying for a Bachelor of Music degree at the Melbourne State College (which later became\n\nAlice Geer Kelsey (September 21, 1896 \u2013 September 1982) was an American writer of children's books, many of which were based on folk tales she collected during her long public service career in Europe and the Near East. Life and career Alice Geer was born in Danvers, Massachusetts, and grew up in Lewiston, Maine, and West Hartford, Connecticut. She received her B.A. in history from Mount Holyoke College in 1918. In 1919, she married Lincoln David Kelsey and immediately thereafter left on the second boat taking relief workers to the Near East after World War I. She worked with war orphans at Merzifoun, Turkey, and collected the stories retold Once the Hodja. In 1928, Mr. Kelsey joined the faculty of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, where the Kelseys made their home. <author's bio on I Give You My Colt, Longman's Green & Co. 1956.> When World War II called\n\nQuestion: What's Kapiti Urban Area?", "output": "The Kapiti Urban Area is a statistical area that was defined by Statistics New Zealand to cover a group of urban settlements of the K\u0101piti Coast District, in the Wellington Region."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "That Total Age is the debut album of the British EBM group Nitzer Ebb. After its release, it spawned the hit single \"Join in the Chant,\" which hit #9 on the US dance chart in 1987. For unknown reasons, the song \"Warsaw Ghetto\" was omitted from the original CD versions. The 2018 remastered CD corrects this and adds additional remixes. The symbols on the cover of the album stand for \"Force is Machine\", \"Visions of Order\", and \"Muscle and Hate\". Two of these phrases can be heard repeated in the song \"Join in the Chant\". Track listing LP: Mute Stumm 45 (UK)|Geffen/Warner Bros. 24155 \"Fitness to Purpose\" \u2013 5:00 \"Warsaw Ghetto\" \u2013 3:47 \"Violent Playground\" \u2013 3:46 \"Murderous\" \u2013 5:40 \"Smear Body\" \u2013 5:40 \"Join in the Chant\" \u2013 6:05 \"Alarm\" \u2013 3:41 \"Let Your Body Learn\" \u2013 2:48 \"Let Beauty Loose\" \u2013 2:24 \"Into the Large Air\" \u2013 4:13\n\nTr\u00eas Ranchos is a municipality in south Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. Location Tr\u00eas Ranchos is located in the statistical micro-region of Catal\u00e3o See Citybrazil and is bordered by: North: Ouvidor East: Parana\u00edba River South: Catal\u00e3o and once again by the Parana\u00edba West: Catal\u00e3o. Highway Connections It is connected to the important city of Catal\u00e3o by highway GO-230, passing through Ouvidor. The distance to Catal\u00e3o is 28 km. The distance to Goi\u00e2nia is 383 km. Highway connections are made by BR-352 / Bela Vista de Goi\u00e1s / Cristian\u00f3polis / GO-020 / Pires do Rio / BR-352 / GO-330 / Ipameri / Catal\u00e3o / GO-330 / BR-352. See Distancias Rodoviarias Sepin There is also a small airport and two ferries that connect with the state of Minas Gerais crossing the artificial lake of Emborca\u00e7\u00e3o. History Tr\u00eas Ranchos began as a port in 1887 on the Parana\u00edba River and as a place where diamonds\n\nThe Sciotoville Bridge is a steel continuous truss bridge carrying railway tracks belonging to CSX Transportation across the Ohio River between Siloam - a junction located north of Limeville, Kentucky and east of South Shore, Kentucky - and Sciotoville, Ohio in the United States. Designed by Gustav Lindenthal, the bridge was constructed in 1916 by Chesapeake and Ohio Railway subsidiary Chesapeake and Ohio Northern Railway as part of a new route between Ashland, Kentucky and Columbus, Ohio. The bridge is continuous across two spans, and is considered an engineering marvel. It held the record for longest continuous truss span in the world from its opening until 1945. See also List of crossings of the Ohio River List of longest continuous truss bridge spans References External links C&O Sciotoville Bridge at Bridges & Tunnels Colossus on the Ohio at Minford, Ohio Schools True story involving the Sciotoville Bridge Dipping Ice Cream\n\nQuestion: What is That Total Age", "output": "That Total Age is the debut album of the British EBM group Nitzer Ebb."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dichroic glass is glass which can display multiple different colors depending on lighting conditions. One dichroic material is a modern composite non-translucent glass that is produced by stacking layers of metal oxides which give the glass shifting colors depending on the angle of view, causing an array of colors to be displayed as an example of thin-film optics. The resulting glass is used for decorative purposes such as stained glass, jewelry and other forms of glass art. The commercial title of \"dichroic\" can also display three or more colors (trichroic or pleochroic) and even iridescence in some cases. The term dichroic is used more precisely when labelling interference filters for laboratory use. Another dichroic glass material first appeared in a few pieces of Roman glass from the 4th century and consists of a translucent glass containing colloidal gold and silver particles dispersed in the glass matrix in certain proportions so\n\nThe Pittsburgh Vengeance are a non-sanctioned junior ice hockey team and are members of the Great Lakes Conference in the United States Premier Hockey League's Premier Division. The team plays at the Alpha Ice Complex in Harmar Township, Pennsylvania, a township outside of Pittsburgh. In addition to the junior team, the organization also fields teams at the former Tier III Junior B/C levels and various youth levels of play. From 1997 until 2012, the team was known as the Pittsburgh Jr. Penguins. History The Pittsburgh Jr. Penguins entered the Metro Junior A Hockey League in 1997. After a good inaugural season including a playoff run, under head coach John Vivian, the league merged with the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League. The Penguins opted not to join and entered the more local Empire Junior B Hockey League (EmJHL). In 2006, the Penguins fielded a second Junior B team in the\n\nKyokan () is a Japanese word that means \"feel one with\". It is used in many fields. One example is a concept forwarded by Masao Kawai as a means of studying primates in the field. It first appeared to Western primatologists in Kawai's book Life of Japanese Monkeys (1969). For primatologists, the kyokan method is a very subjective and empathic form of research. It involves feelings of mutual relationship, attachment and shared experience between both the researcher and their subject. In Kawai's own words; \"By positively entering the group, by making contact on some level, objectivity can be established. It is on this basis that the experimental method can be introduced into natural behaviour study and which makes scientific analysis possible\". His use of the term kyokan seems to be somewhat unusual amongst his peers in Japanese primatology, but the underlying principles are part of the foundation of the Japanese\n\nQuestion: What's Kyokan?", "output": "Kyokan is a Japanese word that means \"feel one with\"."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Barrow Town Football Club is a football club based in the large village of Barrow upon Soar, Leicestershire, England. They are currently members of the and play at Riverside Park. History The club was established as Barrow Old Boys as most of its players were former pupils of the local grammar school. They played in the Leicestershire Mutual League and later the Loughborough Alliance, which they won in 1940\u201341. Following World War II the club joined the Western Division of the Leicestershire Senior League in 1946. Two years later the league was re-organised and the club were placed in Division Two. The 1968\u201369 season saw Barrow win the Loughborough Charity Cup and the Sileby Cup, as well as finishing as runners-up in Division Two and earning promotion to Division One. However, they were relegated back to Division Two at the end of the 1970\u201371 season. In 1981 they adopted their\n\nWerauhia is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Tillandsioideae. The genus is named for Werner Rauh, a German botanist (1913\u20132000). Based on molecular evidence, a number of species previously classified within other bromeliad genera, especially Vriesea and Tillandsia, have been placed in Werauhia instead. Species Werauhia acuminata (Mez & Werckl\u00e9) J.R. Grant Werauhia ampla (L.B. Smith) J.R. Grant Werauhia anitana J.F. Morales Werauhia apiculata (L.B. Smith) J.R. Grant Werauhia attenuata (L.B. Smith & Pittendrigh) J.R. Grant Werauhia balanophora (Mez) J.R. Grant Werauhia barii (J.F. Morales) J.F. Morales Werauhia bicolor (L.B. Smith) J.R. Grant Werauhia boliviana H. Luther Werauhia bracteosa (Mez & Werckl\u00e9) J.R. Grant Werauhia broadwayi (L.B. Smith) J.R. Grant Werauhia brunei (Mez & Werckl\u00e9) J.R. Grant Werauhia burgeri (L.B. Smith) J.R. Grant Werauhia camptoclada (Mez & Werckl\u00e9) J.F. Morales Werauhia capitata (Mez & Werckl\u00e9) J.R. Grant Werauhia comata (Mez & Werckl\u00e9) J.R. Grant Werauhia cowellii (Mez &\n\nMartina \"Molly\" Beck (born Martina Glagow; 21 September 1979 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany) is a retired German biathlete. She now lives in Mittenwald in Bavaria. She was most successful in the 2002\u201303 season, when she was the first German to win the women's overall Biathlon World Cup. She is also a three-times world champion and three-times Olympic silver medalist. She married the Austrian biathlete G\u00fcnther Beck on 24 July 2008 and is now known as Martina Beck. She has one daughter named Hilde (born 1 April 2011). Career Beck's father, Martin Glagow, is a former army officer and ski technician: he waxed Martina's skis until the end of the 2004\u201305 season, and was also a wax technician for the British biathlon team from 2000 until his retirement in 2011. Although Beck stands only tall, she was a strong skier, but was renowned for her shooting ability: she was regularly among\n\nQuestion: What's Barrow Town F.C.?", "output": "Barrow Town Football Club is a football club based in the large village of Barrow upon Soar, Leicestershire, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Bundelkhand Agency was a political agency of the British Raj, managing the relations of the British government with the protected princely states of the Bundelkhand region. History Historical background The Marathas ceded parts of Bundelkhand, which were later called later British Bundelkhand, to the British in the 1802 Treaty of Bassein. After 1802, many of the local rulers were granted (leases) by the British, which entitled them to the lands they controlled at the death of Ali Bahadur, in return for the rulers signing a written bond of allegiance () to the British. A political officer attached to the British forces in Bundelkhand supervised British relations with the states. In 1806 British protection was promised to the Maratha ruler of Jhansi, and in 1817 the British recognized his hereditary rights to Jhansi state. In 1818 the Peshwa in Pune ceded all his rights over Bundelkhand to the British at\n\nDrue Kataoka (born ) is a Japanese American visual artist and political commentator. She is known for her Sumi-e art and interest in technology. In 2012, Kataoka was chosen as the Young Global Leader for the World Economic Forum summit at Davos. She is based in Silicon Valley, California. Early life and education Kataoka was born in Tokyo, Japan and lived there until age 5. Her family moved to Washington D.C., then onto Seattle, and later to Menlo Park, California. Her father Tetsuya Kataoka is a political scientist, and research fellow at Hoover Institution, and her mother Barbara Kataoka (n\u00e9e Slavin) worked in the communications department at Stanford University. She attended high school at Sacred Heart Preparatory a private school in Atherton, California, and graduated high school in 1996. Kataoka attended college at Stanford University, where she majored in Art History and graduated in 2000. She participated in Stanford Jazz\n\nThe Puerto Rican spindalis (Spindalis portoricensis) is a bird endemic to the island of Puerto Rico, where it is commonly known as reina mora. The species is widely distributed throughout the island and is an important part of the Puerto Rican ecosystem because of its help in seed dispersal and plant reproduction. The Puerto Rican spindalis is the unofficial national bird of Puerto Rico. Taxonomy The Puerto Rican spindalis was originally classified as Spindalis zena portoricensis, making it a subspecies of the western spindalis (Spindalis zena). In 1997, an article was published which presented an extensive analysis of the genus Spindalis. The report concluded, based on differences in weight, color, pattern, distribution, and voice, that a split of S. zena was necessary. Four distinct species were identified\u2014Spindalis dominicensis, Spindalis nigricephala, Spindalis portoricensis and Spindalis zena. S. zena was also subdivided into five subspecies: S. z. pretrei, S. z. salvini, S.\n\nQuestion: What is Puerto Rican spindalis", "output": "The Puerto Rican spindalis is a bird endemic to the island of Puerto Rico, where it is commonly known as reina mora."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "(On the Art of Building) is a classic architectural treatise written by Leon Battista Alberti between 1443 and 1452. Although largely dependent on Vitruvius's De architectura, it was the first theoretical book on the subject written in the Italian Renaissance, and in 1485 it became the first printed book on architecture. It was followed in 1486 with the first printed edition of Vitruvius. Book Alberti's Ten Books consciously echoes Vitruvius's writing, but Alberti also adopts a critical attitude toward his predecessor. In his discussion, Alberti includes a wide variety of literary sources, including Plato and Aristotle, presenting a concise version of the sociology of architecture. is subdivided into ten books and includes: Book One: Lineaments Book Two: Materials Book Three: Construction Book Four: Public Works Book Five: Works of Individuals Book Six: Ornament Book Seven: Ornament to Sacred Buildings Book Eight: Ornament to Public Secular Buildings Book Nine: Ornament to\n\nCarna is an area in Connemara, County Galway, Ireland. It is located on the country's west coast in the Gaeltacht, about 50 km west of Galway city. Carna is a tiny, extremely small area, but as a focal point for the surrounding areas, it contains a Garda S\u00edoch\u00e1na station, a Health Centre including a Rapid Response Ambulance, an Irish Coastguard lifeboat and Conor Boyce. Carna is not located close to any villages. The population dramatically dropped from the previous average of 8,000 before the Great Famine. The age of the average resident is significantly higher than the Irish national average. The National University of Ireland, Galway, has an Irish-language and educational centre (\u00c1ras Shorcha N\u00ed Ghuairim) in Rois\u00edn na Mainiach, near Carna. It also operates a marine biology station Martin Ryan Institute in Ma\u00ednis and an atmospheric research station at Mace Head, Carna, which is run by the university's experimental\n\n\"Casey at the Bat: A Ballad of the Republic, Sung in the Year 1888\" is a mock-heroic poem written in 1888 by Ernest Thayer. It was first published anonymously in The San Francisco Examiner (then called The Daily Examiner) on June 3, 1888, under the pen name \"Phin\", based on Thayer's college nickname, \"Phinney\". Featuring a dramatic narrative about a baseball game, the poem was later popularized by DeWolf Hopper in many vaudeville performances. It has become one of the best-known poems in American literature. Synopsis A baseball team from the fictional town of \"Mudville\" (the home team) is losing by two runs in its last inning. Both the team and its fans, a crowd of 5,000, believe that they can win if Casey, Mudville's star player, gets to bat. However, Casey is scheduled to be the fifth batter of the inning, and the first two batters (Cooney and Barrows)\n\nQuestion: What is De re aedificatoria", "output": "is a classic architectural treatise written by Leon Battista Alberti between 1443 and 1452."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Ural State University (, , often shortened to USU, \u0423\u0440\u0413\u0423) is a public university located in the city of Yekaterinburg, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russian Federation. Founded in 1920, it was an exclusive educational establishment made of several institutes (educational and scientific divisions) which later became independent universities and schools. Established in 1936 the university was named after one of its founders, Russian author Maxim Gorky. It is the second oldest University in the Middle Urals (the oldest being Urals State University of Mines) and one of the most prestigious universities in Russia; preparing research, educational and managerial elite on the basis of the integration of academic process and scientific research. It offers education in dozens of scientific and educational fields including 53 graduate programs. In 2007 Dmitriy Bugrov was elected new rector, while the incumbent Vladimir Tretyakov took the office of the President, representing the university in international affairs. The\n\nRenaldo Hill (born November 12, 1978) is an American football coach and former player who is the pass game coordinator and defensive backs coach for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). He previously served as the defensive backs coach for the Denver Broncos from 2019 to 2020, the Los Angeles Chargers from 2021 to 2022. Currently in 2023 serves as an assistant defensive coach for the Miami Dolphins. Hill played college football as a strong safety at Michigan State and was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the seventh round of the 2001 NFL Draft. During his 10 seasons as a player, Hill played for the Cardinals, Oakland Raiders, Miami Dolphins and Denver Broncos. Early years Hill attended Chadsey High School in Detroit, Michigan, where he was a four-year starter at defensive back. He was also named to the school\u2019s academic honor roll on two occasions. Playing\n\nFatos Kongoli (born January 12, 1944) is an Albanian novelist and a utilizer of contemporary Albanian prose. Biography He was born and raised in Elbasan and studied at the Qemal Stafa High School, in Tirana, Albania. Afterwards he studied mathematics in China during the tense years of the Sino-Albanian split. Kongoli chose not to publish any major works during the dictatorship. Rather than this, he devoted his creative energies at the time to an obscure and apolitical career as a mathematician, and waited for the storm to pass. His narrative talent and individual style only really emerged, at any rate, in the 1990s, since the fall of the communist dictatorship. His first major novel, The Loser (I humburi, Tirana 1992; English edition, 2007), is set in March 1991, when over 10,000 refugees scrambled onto a decrepit and heavily rusting freighter to escape the past and to reach the marvelous West.\n\nQuestion: Who is Renaldo Hill?", "output": "Renaldo Hill is an American football coach and former player who is the pass game coordinator and defensive backs coach for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Philadelphia Ballet, formerly known as Pennsylvania Ballet, was Philadelphia's largest ballet company until its rebranding in 2021. The company's annual local season features six programs of classic pieces, like George Balanchine's The Nutcracker, in addition to presentations of new works. The company's artistic director is Angel Corella. Company history Pennsylvania Ballet was established in 1963 by Barbara Weisberger, a prot\u00e9g\u00e9e of George Balanchine, through a Ford Foundation initiative to develop regional professional dance companies. A Philadelphia cultural institution, the company is noted for its focus on the Balanchine repertoire. The company performed in the national spotlight for the first time in 1968 at the New York City Center, a debut that led to a decade of national touring, appearances on PBS's Dance in America series, and a stint as the official company of the Brooklyn Academy of Music during the 1970s. In 1982, Pennsylvania Ballet became the first major American\n\nThe Catholic Church in Burkina Faso is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. According to the CIA Factbook, in 2018, 17% of the population are members of the Catholic Church. History The first Catholics to enter what is today Burkina Faso arrived with the French colonialists in 1896. In 1900 and 1901 Catholic missions were established at Koup\u00e9la and Ouagadougou, respectively and Joanny Th\u00e9venoud, a missionary helped to firmly establish Catholicism in the country over the following five decades. Abb\u00e9 Yougbar\u00e9 was consecrated as the Bishop of Koup\u00e9la on 29 February 1956 and became the first African Catholic bishop. Persecution There have been several incidences of persecution against the Catholic Church in Burkina Faso over the past years. Recent cases include an attack on the minor seminary of Saint Kisito de Bougui, in February, which caused no fatalities, but much material\n\nLatent learning is the subconscious retention of information without reinforcement or motivation. In latent learning, one changes behavior only when there is sufficient motivation later than when they subconsciously retained the information. Latent learning is when the observation of something, rather than experiencing something directly, can affect later behavior. Observational learning can be many things. A human observes a behavior, and later repeats that behavior at another time (not direct imitation) even though no one is rewarding them to do that behavior. In the social learning theory, humans observe others receiving rewards or punishments, which invokes feelings in the observer and motivates them to change their behavior. In latent learning particularly, there is no observation of a reward or punishment. Latent learning is simply animals observing their surroundings with no particular motivation to learn the geography of it; however, at a later date, they are able to exploit this knowledge\n\nQuestion: What is Philadelphia Ballet", "output": "Philadelphia Ballet, formerly known as Pennsylvania Ballet, was Philadelphia's largest ballet company until its rebranding in 2021."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dale Allison Graham (born October 6, 1951) is a former politician in New Brunswick, Canada. He served as an MLA from 1993 to 2014, as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 2010 to 2014, and as a member of the provincial cabinet from 1999 to 2006. Early life and career Born in Woodstock, New Brunswick, the son of Robert Graham and Letha Delong, Graham attended school in Centreville. He became a small business owner and was involved in local politics at the school board level. He married Shelley McDougall in 1972. In the 1991 provincial election, Graham was defeated by Liberal incumbent Fred Harvey, however Harvey's victory was later declared void when Harvey was convicted of violating election spending laws. Graham was successful in a by-election in 1993 winning the Carleton North seat. Graham went on to be re-elected in the new electoral district of Carleton in\n\nDeuil-la-Barre () is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. It is in the Department of Val-d'Oise and the arrondissement of Sarcelles. It is from the centre of Paris. Despite this proximity to the metropolis, Deuil has retained much of the charm of a country village, with orchards and wooded hillsides. Name In modern French, the word deuil means mourning. That is not, however, the derivation of this commune's name. The word is in fact Celtic, a combination of divo (God) and ialo (a clearing in a wood.) Historical citations include the toponyms Diogilum (862,) Doguillum, Diogilo (9th century,) and Villam Dueil (1070.) Originally called simply Deuil in modern times, the name of the commune became officially Deuil-la-Barre on 7 December 1952. Barre here has the sense of a barrier or enclosure. The demonym is Deuillois. History On 7 August 1850, a part of the territory of Deuil-la-Barre\n\nA naming collision is a circumstance where two or more identifiers in a given namespace or a given scope cannot be unambiguously resolved, and such unambiguous resolution is a requirement of the underlying system. Example: XML element names In XML, element names can be originated and changed to reflect the type of information contained in the document. This level of flexibility may cause problems if separate documents encode different kinds of information, but use the same identifiers for the element names. For example, the following sample document defines the basic semantics for a \"person\" document and a \"book\" document. Both of these use a \"title\" element, but the meaning is not the same: <root> <person> <fname>Nancy</fname> <lname>Davolio</lname> <title>Dr.</title> <age>29</age> </person> <book> <title>Harry Potter And The Cursed Child</title> <isbn>ABCD1234567</isbn> </book> </root> For an application to allow a user to correctly query for and retrieve the \"title\" element, it must provide a\n\nQuestion: What is Naming collision", "output": "A naming collision is a circumstance where two or more identifiers in a given namespace or a given scope cannot be unambiguously resolved, and such unambiguous resolution is a requirement of the underlying system."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Marbofloxacin is a carboxylic acid derivative third generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is used in veterinary medicine under the brand names Marbocyl, Forcyl, Marbo vet and Zeniquin. A formulation of marbofloxacin combined with clotrimazole and dexamethasone is available under the name Aurizon (CAS number 115550-35-1). Mechanism of action Its mechanism of action is not thoroughly understood, but it is believed to be similar to the other fluoroquinolones by impairing the bacterial DNA gyrase which results in rapid bactericidal activity. The other proposed mechanisms include that it acts against nondividing bacteria and does not require protein and RNA synthesis, which block protein and RNA synthesis respectively. Activity Marbofloxacin is a synthetic, broad spectrum bactericidal agent. The bactericidal activity of marbofloxacin is concentration dependent, with susceptible bacteria cell death occurring within 20\u201330 minutes of exposure. Like other fluoroquinolones, marbofloxacin has demonstrated a significant post-antibiotic effect for both gram\u2013 and + bacteria and is\n\nMoviefone is an American-based moving pictures listing and information service. Moviegoers can obtain local showtimes, cinema information, film reviews, and advance tickets, as well as TV content and a comprehensive search tool that allows users to find theaters, channels, and streaming services offering movies and television shows. The service is owned by Born in Cleveland LLC, Cleveland O'Neal III's holding company. O'Neal is creator and producer of Made in Hollywood syndicated daytime entertainment show. History In 1989, Russ Leatherman, Rob Gukeisen, Andrew Jarecki, Pat Cardamone, and Adam Slutsky launched the interactive telephone service, with initial service in Los Angeles and New York City. Leatherman provided the voice of \"Mr. Moviefone\" for the automated phone service. After gaining popularity, the service later expanded across the United States and eventually adopted an online presence as Moviefone.com. In 1999, AOL purchased Moviefone for $388 million. The acquisition was completed on May 21, 1999.\n\nHari Rhodes (April 10, 1932 \u2013 January 15, 1992) was an American author and actor whose career spanned three decades beginning around 1960. He was sometimes billed as Harry Rhodes, and appeared in 66 films and television programs, such as ABC's 1963 TV medical drama series about psychiatry Breaking Point. Early life In a 1968 TV Guide interview, Rhodes described growing up in a rough section of his native Cincinnati: \"We lived between the railroad tracks and the river bank. The flood ran us out every winter, but we'd always come back, kick out the mud and settle down again until flood time. All the boys had to learn how to hop freights and throw pieces of coal off. All I ever knew was rats, roaches, and poverty.\" When he was 15, Rhodes spent two months learning to copy his mother's signature, and forged it on enlistment papers to join\n\nQuestion: What's Marbofloxacin?", "output": "Marbofloxacin is a carboxylic acid derivative third generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kirk Craig Saarloos (born May 23, 1979) is an American baseball coach and former pitcher, who is the current head baseball coach of the TCU Horned Frogs. He played college baseball at Cal State Fullerton for coach George Horton from 1999 to 2001 and played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for seven seasons from 2002 to 2008. The Houston Astros selected Saarloos in the third round of the 2001 Major League Baseball Draft. He played 7 years a pitcher in MLB, with Houston from 2002 to 2003, the Oakland Athletics 2004 to 2006, Cincinnati Reds in 2007 before returning to Oakland in 2008. High school and college Saarloos graduated from Valley Christian High School in Cerritos, California, where he was a three-sport (baseball, football and soccer) athlete. He attended California State University, Fullerton, where he established himself as one of the best closers in college baseball during his sophomore and\n\nJulia Kathleen Nancy McKenzie (born 17 February 1941) is an English actress, singer, presenter, and theatre director. She has premi\u00e8red leading roles written by both Alan Ayckbourn and Stephen Sondheim. On television, she is known for her BAFTA Award nominated role as Hester Fields in the sitcom Fresh Fields (1984\u20131986) and its sequel French Fields (1989\u20131991), and as Miss Marple in Agatha Christie's Marple (2009\u20132013). McKenzie has also starred in numerous musicals, receiving a 1977 Tony Award nomination for her work in the Broadway revue, Side by Side by Sondheim. A six-time Olivier Award nominee, she has twice won the Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical; for the 1982 revival of Guys and Dolls and the 1993 revival of Stephen Sondheim's Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. She also starred in the original London productions of the Sondheim musicals Follies (1987) and Into the Woods (1990).\n\nAbila Lysaniou or Abila Lysaniae or Abila () was an ancient city, on the Abana River and capital of ancient Abilene, Coele-Syria. The site is currently that of the village of Souq Wadi Barada (called Abil-es-Suk by early Arab geographers), circa northwest of Damascus, Syria. It has also been identified as the village of Abil just south of Homs in central Syria. The city's surname is derived from Lysanias, a governor of the region. The site contains ruins of a temple, aqueducts, and other remains, and inscriptions, on the banks of the river. Though the names Abel and Abila differ in derivation and in meaning, their similarity has given rise to the tradition that this was the place of Abel's burial. The city is mentioned in the New Testament (Luke 3:1). According to Josephus, Abilene was a separate Iturean kingdom until AD 37, when it was granted by Caligula to\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Kirk Saarloos.", "output": "Kirk Craig Saarloos is an American baseball coach and former pitcher, who is the current head baseball coach of the TCU Horned Frogs."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bad Sassendorf is a municipality in the district of Soest, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. History From the 8th century, the area around the Soester plain was under the Merovingian dynasty. The name \u201cSassendorf\u201d indicates that it was a Saxon settlement. Mention was made of salt springs in the area appear in the 10th century, and were noted by the ambassador of the Caliphate of Cordoba to the court of Emperor Otto the Great in 973. Along with the surrounding area, the village was under the control of the Archbishopric of Cologne from at least the 12th century; however exploitation of the salt springs was the right of free peasant families in the area. From the 19th century, the brine produced in the area was used for bathing and medicinal purposes, and the first therapy center or spa was opened in 1852. Commercial salt production faced declining yields, and was largely\n\nNGL Prime SpA is a technology company created for the purpose of all activities related to future European launchers which are not related to Ariane 5 or Vega or their evolutions. History The company registration has taken place on the 10 March 2006. The company was awarded in June 2007 ESA's FLPP program and its associated IXV demonstrator programme. NGL Prime SpA team includes specialists from France, Germany and Italy. A great share of the work will also be subcontracted to specialised industries in many European countries. Corporate affairs NGL Prime is a joint venture of Arianegroup (70%) and Leonardo (30%). The corresponding shareholder agreement was signed on 31 January 2006. The registered seat of the company is Turin (Italy). The legal corporate form of the company is the one of an Italian Societ\u00e0 per Azioni (SpA), with indefinite duration. The CEO of NGL Prime were Axel Roenneke (2006-2008) and\n\nTurbo Esprit is a video game published by Durell Software in 1986 for the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, and Amstrad CPC. The game was very detailed and advanced for its time, featuring car indicator lights, pedestrians, traffic lights, and a view of the car's interior controls. Turbo Esprit was the first free-roaming driving game, and has been cited as a major influence on the later Grand Theft Auto series. Gameplay The object of the game is to prevent a gang of drug smugglers completing a delivery of heroin, by tracking down their cars and destroying them, or ramming them into submission. The player takes the role of a special agent driving the titular Lotus Esprit car, which had been used in a James Bond film a few years previously. The player must travel around one of four available cities looking for the criminals. Messages from HQ will flash up periodically\n\nQuestion: Define NGL Prime.", "output": "NGL Prime SpA is a technology company created for the purpose of all activities related to future European launchers which are not related to Ariane 5 or Vega or their evolutions."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Stephen Shore (born October 8, 1947) is an American photographer known for his images of scenes and objects of the banal, and for his pioneering use of color in art photography. His books include Uncommon Places (1982) and American Surfaces (1999), photographs that he took on cross-country road trips in the 1970s. In 1975 Shore received a Guggenheim Fellowship. In 1971, he was the first living photographer to be exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, where he had a solo show of black and white photographs. He was selected to participate in the influential group exhibition \"New Topographics: Photographs of a Man-Altered Landscape\", at the International Museum of Photography at the George Eastman House (Rochester, New York), in 1975-1976. In 1976 he had a solo exhibition of color photographs at the Museum of Modern Art. In 2010 he received an Honorary Fellowship from the Royal\n\nValentin Kononen (born 7 March 1969 in Helsinki) is a Finnish former race walker. His competitive accomplishments include winning several medals in major competitions, which ranks him as one of the top Finnish performer in his sport. Kononen's most notable achievement was winning a gold medal in the 1995 World Championships in Athletics in Gothenburg. He also won silver medals in the 1993 World Championships in Stuttgart and the 1998 European Championships in Budapest. Fastest 50km race results 3.39.34 (1) Dudince 26 March 2000 3.41.09 (3) Podebrady 20 April 1997 (World Race Walking Cup) 3.42.02 (2) Stuttgart 21 August 1993 (World Championships) 3.42.50 (3) Beijing 30 April 1995 3.43.42 (1) Gothenburg 11 August 1995 3.44.28 (2) Budapest 21 August 1998 (European Championships) 3.45.19 (2) Naumburg 28 April 1996 3.47.14 (7) Helsinki 13 August 1994 (European Championships) 3.47.40 (7) Atlanta 2 August 1996 (Olympic Games) 3.48.50 (9) Dudince 25 April 1998\n\nSel\u00e7uklu is a municipality and district of Konya Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,931 km2, and its population is 690,667 (2022). Sel\u00e7uklu is one of the central districts of Konya, along with the districts of Karatay and Meram. It covers the northwestern part of the agglomeration of Konya and the adjacent countryside. Flora Between 2004 and 2006, a study was carried out of plants in the district in the area of the Ba\u015farakavak and Tatk\u00f6y neighborhoods, and the Alt\u0131napa Dam. Two species are listed as 'Endangered' according to the IUCN Red List: Clypeola ciliata (Boiss) and Silene lycaonica (Chowdh). Also listed as 'Vulnerable' were Iris stenophylla and Centaurea bourgaei (Boiss). Places to see The Konya Tropical Butterfly Garden, opened in 2015, is a major tourist attraction. Composition There are 73 neighbourhoods in Sel\u00e7uklu District: Akademi Ak\u0131nc\u0131lar Akp\u0131nar Ak\u015femsettin Ard\u0131\u00e7l\u0131 A\u015fa\u011f\u0131p\u0131narba\u015f\u0131-Bucak Ayd\u0131nl\u0131kevler Ba\u011fr\u0131kurt Ba\u015farakavak Bedir Beyhekim Bi\u00e7er Bilecik Binkonutlar Bosnahersek Buhara\n\nQuestion: Who is Stephen Shore", "output": "Stephen Shore is an American photographer known for his images of scenes and objects of the banal, and for his pioneering use of color in art photography."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ashley Cleveland (born February 2, 1957) is an American singer-songwriter best known as a background vocalist and gospel singer. Ashley Cleveland was born in Knoxville, Tennessee. She has been married to Kenny Greenberg since April 27, 1991, and has three children. Career She sang \"We're Gonna Win This One\" in 1987 for the Touchstone Pictures film Ernest Goes to Camp. Her career includes vocal contributions to more than 300 albums, including the Dove Award winning albums Songs from the Loft (1994), The Jesus Record by Rich Mullins and A Ragamuffin Band, 1998. As part of John Hiatt's band, she has also made several widely seen television appearances including, Austin City Limits, Late Night with David Letterman, The Arsenio Hall Show and Saturday Night Live. Steve Winwood contributed duet vocals and played the Hammond B3 organ for the song \"I Need Thee Every Hour\" on Cleveland's 2005 album, Men and Angels\n\nNancy Greene Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located approximately northwest of the city of Rossland and west of the city of Castlegar in that province's West Kootenay region, at the junction of Highway 3 and Highway 3B. It is named for Nancy Greene, Canadian Olympic medallist in downhill skiing, who is a native of Rossland. The park offers camping, canoeing, fishing, swimming, and cross-country skiing, as well as a short hiking trail. Nancy Greene has 10 parking lot style sites. The large parking lot allows open parking and can accommodate extra vehicles or larger rigs. There is one walk-in tent site located just above the beach area. Grizzly bears routinely frequent the park in the spring to feed on vegetation. Pets/domestic animals must be on a leash at all times and are not allowed in beach areas or park buildings. Power boats are prohibited. See\n\nMarie-Th\u00e9odore Ratisbonne, N.D.S., (December 28, 1802 \u2013 January 10, 1884) was a French Jewish convert to the Catholic Church, who became a priest and missionary and who later founded the Congregation of Our Lady of Sion. He was the brother of Marie-Alphonse Ratisbonne, who joined him in this effort. Life Early life Th\u00e9odore Ratisbonne was one of the 13 children born in Strasbourg, Alsace, France, to Auguste Ratisbonne and his wife, Ad\u00e9la\u00efde Cerfbeer, who were members of a noted Jewish banking family. His father additionally served as president of the Provincial Council of Alsace. Conversion At the age of 22, Ratisbonne gained the acquaintance of a local Catholic, Louise Humann, who was a catechist and active in works of charity. After the conversion of his friends, Emile Dreyfus, Alfred Mayer and Samson Liebermann to Christianity, Th\u00e9odore spent two years under her guidance studying the Scriptures, both the Hebrew Scriptures and\n\nQuestion: Who is Ashley Cleveland?", "output": "Ashley Cleveland is an American singer-songwriter best known as a background vocalist and gospel singer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kawawachikamach () is a Naskapi/Iyiyiw First Nations reserve and community at the south end of Lake Matemace (where it joins Lake Peter), approximately northeast of Schefferville, Quebec, Canada. It belongs to the Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach. The village was built by the Naskapi/Iyiyiw from 1980 to 1983. The language spoken is Iyiyiw-Imuun, a dialect closely related to Innu and Iynu (East Cree). The name means \"the winding river\". Access to the village is by way of Schefferville Airport or railway from Sept-\u00celes to Schefferville, then by way of a road from the centre of Schefferville. With the demise of Schefferville as a residential centre for the iron ore mining operations, Kawawachikamach and Matim\u00e9kush are now the main communities in the region. Telephone and postal services are provided from the Schefferville exchange by Telebec and from the Schefferville Post Office, while electricity is provided by the Schefferville Power Company. The Naskapi/Iyiyiw\n\nHigh Leven is a village of Ingleby Barwick in North Yorkshire, England. It is in the borough of Stockton-on-Tees, on top of the River Leven's dell. It has a public house called The Fox Covert (previously Half Moon Inn) and a co-operative food store, open every day 05:00 to 24:00, with an ATM and petrol station. Administration Administratively, this village is in the borough of Stockton-on-Tees, made a unitary authority in 1996, before which High Leven was in the county of Cleveland, a creation of the Local Government Act 1972 which abolished the Stokesley Rural District in the North Riding of Yorkshire. High Leven, which is part of the Ingleby Barwick South ward has three local councilors sitting on Stockton borough council all of whom are members of Ingleby Barwick Independent Society. Geography The village is located to the east of Yarm at the top of Leven Bank. See also\n\nAn army, ground force or land force is an armed force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch or armed service of a nation or country. It may also include aviation assets by possessing an army aviation component. Within a national military force, the word army may also mean a field army. In some countries, such as France and China, the term \"army\", especially in its plural form \"armies\", has the broader meaning of armed forces as a whole, while retaining the colloquial sense of land forces. To differentiate the colloquial army from the formal concept of military force, the term is qualified, for example in France the land force is called , meaning Land Army, and the air and space force is called , meaning Air and Space Army. The naval force, although not using the term \"army\", is\n\nQuestion: Define Army.", "output": "An army, ground force or land force is an armed force that fights primarily on land."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A Ghost in Monte Carlo is a 1951 novel by Barbara Cartland. It was the gayest season Monte Carlo had ever known, Mademoiselle Fant\u00f4me was causing a sensation. Who was the exquisite \"ghost\", with her shining golden hair and dreaming dark eyes? Why did her formidable aunt guard her so carefully? Even Mademoiselle herself did not understand the seductive role she was playing. But her troubled young heart knew that evil was drawing close to her, that she was a pawn in a mysterious plot to avenge an old wrong. Too late, she discovered that jealousy and bitterness were threatening to destroy her new-found love. Film The book was adapted for made-for-television film in 1990 starring Lysette Anthony, Marcus Gilbert, Sarah Miles and Oliver Reed. Synopsis Eighteen-year-old Mistral is an innocent abroad in the sophisticated C\u00f4te D'Azur, Monte Carlo, where princes and millionaires mingle in the casinos and sumptuous hotels.\n\nThe King Cetshwayo Artillery Regiment (formerly the Natal Field Artillery) is an reserve artillery regiment of the South African Army. History The Natal Field Artillery was raised in 1862 as part of the Durban Volunteer Guard, and later became a unit in its own right. The regiment took part in the Second Anglo-Boer War and the South African invasion of German South-West Africa during the First World War. Although artillery units in the South African Army do not usually receive battle honours, the NFA was awarded the honour \"South-West Africa 1915.\" During the Second World War, the regiment formed part of the 2nd South African Division and was captured during the fall of Tobruk, part of the Western Desert campaign in North Africa fighting Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps. This occurred in a series of engagements called the Battle of Gazala. One of these engagements was Rommel's attack against Allied forces\n\nCKMW-FM is a Canadian radio station licensed to Winkler, Manitoba, serving the Pembina Valley Region broadcasting at 88.9 FM with a country format branded as Country 88. The station is currently owned & operated by Golden West Broadcasting. CKMW shares its location with sister stations CJEL-FM and CFAM. History It first began broadcasting at 6 a.m. on August 1, 1980 at 1530 kHz with the call sign CISV, before moving to 1570 kHz and adopting its current call sign in 1987. Move to FM On July 16, 2012, Golden West received approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to convert CKMW from the AM band to the FM band. The new frequency previously assigned was 103.7 MHz. On January 8, 2013, the CRTC granted permission for CKMW to broadcast instead on 88.9 MHz, as well as increasing the average effective radiated power (ERP) from 61,000 to 100,000 watts\n\nQuestion: Define A Ghost in Monte Carlo.", "output": "A Ghost in Monte Carlo is a 1951 novel by Barbara Cartland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Carol Deirdre McGiffin (born 18 February 1960) is an English radio and television broadcaster, who appeared on the daytime talk show Loose Women from 2000 until her first departure in 2013 and again from 2018 until 2023. McGiffin appeared on the twelfth series of Celebrity Big Brother. Early life McGiffin was born in London and brought up in Maidstone, Kent, to John McGiffin and Heather Barham. She grew up with her two sisters Kim and Tracy and her brother Mark. Career She started her broadcasting career in 1984 as a producer on cable channel Music Box and moved on to presenting in 1988 as co-host of the Chris Evans shows on GLR. Her style then and characterised today is based on comedic observation of men. In 1995 McGiffin was a founding member of the Talk Radio UK team, co-presenting the popular weekday evening show The Rude Awakening with Moz Dee.\n\nHelen Beatrix Potter (, 28 July 186622 December 1943) was an English writer, illustrator, natural scientist, and conservationist. She is best known for her children's books featuring animals, such as The Tale of Peter Rabbit, which was her first commercially published work in 1902. Her books, including 23 Tales, have sold more than 250 million copies. An entrepreneur, Potter was a pioneer of character merchandising. In 1903, Peter Rabbit was the first fictional character to be made into a patented stuffed toy, making him the oldest licensed character. Born into an upper-middle-class household, Potter was educated by governesses and grew up isolated from other children. She had numerous pets and spent holidays in Scotland and the Lake District, developing a love of landscape, flora and fauna, all of which she closely observed and painted. Potter's study and watercolours of fungi led to her being widely respected in the field of\n\nKenny Page (died July 29th 2002) was a Scottish radio broadcaster, known for his on-air comedy pranks and slick American-style presentation. He started his radio career on Radio Clyde presenting a short feature called Ken\u2019s Corner in 1974. Kenneth Page was born in Stirling on April 13, 1955 to Margaret Page and Albert Stanley Preen. Page has sisters Carol and Elizabeth, as well as brothers Michael and Roddy. After a brief stint at the BBC working in administration he joined the British pop-pirate station Radio Caroline in the summer of 1976, initially under the name Jimmy James and later Kenny James before finally adopting his own name. In the late 1970s he boarded The Voice of Peace, a popular Israeli offshore station. He was later a part of the launch team at Scotland\u2019s Radio Tay, where he hosted the Drivetime show until the mid-1980s. He returned to the Voice of\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Kenny Page.", "output": "Kenny Page was a Scottish radio broadcaster, known for his on-air comedy pranks and slick American-style presentation."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Coula edulis is a tree in the genus Coula, native to tropical western Africa from Sierra Leone to Angola. It is plentiful in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. It prefers tropical regions and is tolerant of light shade. It can be found in the top canopy of forest as well as the lower story and has no special soil requirements. It is an evergreen tree growing to a height of 25\u201338 m, and has a dense crown that can cast deep shade. The leaves are arranged alternately, simple, 10\u201330 cm long and 4 cm broad, with an entire margin and an acuminate apex. The flowers are produced from April to June, and are greenish yellow, with either four or five petals. The nut is an ellipsoidal drupe available from August to January, 3\u20134 cm long, with flesh surrounding the kernel, 5\u20136 mm thick, smooth in texture\n\nHelen Crump is a fictional dramatic character on the American television program The Andy Griffith Show (1960\u20131968). Helen was a schoolteacher and became main character Sheriff Andy Taylor's girlfriend, and eventually, wife. Helen first appears in the third-season episode \"Andy Discovers America\" (1963). She also appeared in spinoff program Mayberry R.F.D. (1968\u20131971), as well as the reunion telemovie, Return to Mayberry (1986). Helen was portrayed by Aneta Corsaut. Character biography Helen Crump is from Kansas where she attended college in Kansas City majoring in journalism. Helen takes up residence in Mayberry where she is employed as an elementary schoolteacher. Helen is first introduced in the third-season episode \"Andy Discovers America\". Opie and his classmates dislike their new teacher, referring to her as \"old lady Crump\". When Andy gives Opie advice about his own experience with school, Opie interprets this as not needing to do his history schoolwork. Helen confronts Andy\n\nThe Henry Guest House is in New Brunswick, Middlesex County, New Jersey, at Livingston Avenue and Morris Street. It was originally located on New Street (previously known as Carroll Place) between Livingston Avenue and George Street. The Georgian stone farmhouse was built in 1760 by Henry Guest. He was a New Brunswick alderman and an associate of John Adams and author Thomas Paine. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 24, 1976. Henry Guest, who operated a tannery, bought two and a half acres on the corner of Livingston Avenue and Carroll Place (New Street) in 1755. He built a sandstone house five years later and lived there with his family until his death in 1815. Henry Guest said, \"If his descendants would only keep a roof on it, the house would stand till Gabriel blew his trumpet.\" In an 1817 sales advertisement the building\n\nQuestion: What's Coula edulis?", "output": "Coula edulis is a tree in the genus Coula, native to tropical western Africa from Sierra Leone to Angola."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Cedar Forest (Sumerian: \ud808\udd11\ud808\udc9e\ud808\udd11\ud808\udf01gi\u0161 eren gi\u0161 tir) is the glorious realm of the gods of Mesopotamian mythology. It is guarded by the demigod Humbaba and was once entered by the hero Gilgamesh who dared cut down trees from its virgin stands during his quest for fame. The Cedar Forest is described in Tablets 46 of the Epic of Gilgamesh. Earlier Sumerian versions of the Epic of Gilgamesh say that Gilgamesh traveled east, presumably, to the Zagros mountains of Iran (ancient Elam) to the cedar forest, yet the later more extensive Babylonian examples place the cedar forests west in Lebanon. In the Epic of Gilgamesh Tablet 4 Tablet four tells the story of the journey to the Cedar Forest. On each day of the six-day journey, Gilgamesh prays to Shamash; in response to these prayers, Shamash sends Gilgamesh oracular dreams during the night. The first is not preserved. In the\n\nElgato is a brand of consumer technology products. The brand was manufactured and designed by Elgato Systems, founded in 2010 by Markus Fest and was headquartered in Munich, Germany, until 2018 when the brand was sold to Corsair. History The brand, Elgato, was formerly a brand of Elgato Systems. The Elgato brand was used to refer to the company gaming and thunderbolt devices and was commonly called Elgato Gaming. On June 28, 2018, Corsair acquired the Elgato brand from Elgato Systems, while Elgato Systems kept their smart home division and renamed the company to Eve Systems. Products Thunderbolt dock Elgato introduced a Thunderbolt docking station in June 2014. A computer is plugged into the dock using a Thunderbolt port in order to gain access to the dock's three USB ports, audio jacks, HDMI and Ethernet. It is typically used to plug a Macbook into an office setting (printer, monitor, keyboard)\n\nBrainstorms: Philosophical Essays on Mind and Psychology is a 1978 book by American philosopher Daniel Dennett. The book is a collection of seventeen essays in which Dennett reflects on the early achievements of artificial intelligence to develop his ideas on consciousness, theory of mind, and free will. Reception Douglas Hofstadter, writing in the New York Review of Books, praised Brainstorms, calling it \"one of the most important contributions to thinking about thinking yet written\". John Haugeland reviewed Brainstorms for the journal Philosophy of Science where he called it \"philosophically important and delightfully written\", though he criticised Dennett's arguments about morality. Gilbert Harman, writing in The Philosophical Review, called Brainstorms \"brilliant\". Robert Cummins wrote in Philosophical Topics that Brainstorms is \"important and good\" and called it \"the most entertaining bit of non-fiction I've read in a long while.\" References Brainstorms \u2013 MIT CogNet External links Reviews of Daniel C. Dennett's Brainstorms\n\nQuestion: What is Cedar Forest?", "output": "The Cedar Forest is the glorious realm of the gods of Mesopotamian mythology."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Keith Ward (born 1938) is an English philosopher and theologian. He is a fellow of the British Academy and a priest of the Church of England. He was a canon of Christ Church, Oxford, until 2003. Comparative theology and the relationship between science and religion are two of his main topics of interest. Academic work Ward was born on 22 August 1938 in Hexham. He graduated in 1962 with a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Wales and from 1964 to 1969 was a lecturer in logic at the University of Glasgow. He earned a Bachelor of Letters degree from Linacre College, Oxford, in 1968. From 1969 to 1971 he was lecturer in philosophy at the University of St Andrews. In 1972, he was ordained as a priest in the Church of England. From 1971 to 1975 he was lecturer in philosophy of religion at the University of\n\nTorger Nerg\u00e5rd, also spelled Nergaard (born 12 December 1974) is a Norwegian curler from Oslo. Career Nerg\u00e5rd has curled professionally since 1987 and currently plays third for Team Thomas Ulsrud. At the Junior level, he played third at the 1991 and 1992 World Junior Curling Championships for Thomas Due, and skipped his own team in 1996. Nerg\u00e5rd was the alternate for P\u00e5l Trulsen's team when Norway won the gold medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2005 European Curling Championships. With Team Ulsrud, Nerg\u00e5rd played lead in 1997, second in 1998, and third in 2000, 2002\u20132003 and 2006\u20132010; the latter years saw the team winning six World Curling Tour events, four European Curling Championship medals (silver in 2007 and 2008; bronze in 2002 and 2009), three World Curling Championship bronze medals (2006, 2008 and 2009), and silver at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics. Nerg\u00e5rd competed as skip during the\n\n\"\u00bfD\u00f3nde Est\u00e1s, Coraz\u00f3n?\" () is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira, taken from her third studio album Pies Descalzos. It was released in 1996 by Sony Music and Columbia Records as the second single from the album. Shakira and Luis Fernando Ochoa, her co-writer, earned the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers award for Pop/Contemporary Song in 1997 for the song. The song sold over 15,000 copies in Colombia. Background In 1990, a thirteen-year-old Shakira signed a recording contract with Sony Music and released her debut studio album Magia in 1991, which largely consisted of tracks she had written since she was eight years old. Commercially, the project struggled, selling an underwhelming 1,200 copies in her native Colombia. Her follow-up record Peligro was released in 1993, and suffered a similar failure. Consequently, Shakira took a two-year hiatus, allowing her to complete her high school education. This song originally appeared\n\nQuestion: Define \u00bfD\u00f3nde Est\u00e1s Coraz\u00f3n?.", "output": "\"\u00bfD\u00f3nde Est\u00e1s, Coraz\u00f3n?\" is a song by Colombian singer-songwriter Shakira, taken from her third studio album Pies Descalzos."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gladys Rodr\u00edguez (born June 4, 1943) is a Puerto Rican actress, comedian, and television host. She is also a Christian pastor and a priest at an Episcopalian church in Oviedo, Florida, near Orlando, United States. Early years Rodr\u00edguez was born in Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico. She and her parents moved to New York City when she was still a child. In New York, she received her primary and secondary education. When she was eight years old she attended the Children's Hour Academy where she learned tap dancing, drama and ballet. In 1960, Rodr\u00edguez returned to Puerto Rico where she took drama classes under the guidance of Edmundo Rivera Alvarez. She enrolled in the University of Puerto Rico and earned a degree in Dramatic Arts. Career Television Rodr\u00edguez made her television debut when she auditioned for a role in the soap opera La Mujer de Aquella Noche (The Woman of\n\nKriegsspiel is a genre of wargaming developed by the Prussian Army in the 19th century to teach battlefield tactics to officers. The word Kriegsspiel literally means \"wargame\" in German, but in the context of the English language it refers specifically to the wargames developed by the Prussian army in the 19th century. Kriegsspiel was the first wargaming system to have been adopted by a military organization as a serious tool for training and research. It is characterized by high realism, an emphasis on the experience of decision-making rather than on competition, and the use of an umpire to keep the rules flexible. After Prussia's impressive victory over France in the Franco-Prussian War, other countries swiftly began designing Kriegsspiel-like wargames for their own armies. Most forms of Kriegsspiel involve at least two teams of players and one umpire gathered around a map. The map represents a battlefield. Each team is given\n\nHydatellaceae are a family of small, aquatic flowering plants. The family consists of tiny, relatively simple plants occurring in Australasia and India. It was formerly considered to be related to the grasses and sedges (order Poales), but has been reassigned to the order Nymphaeales as a result of DNA and morphological analyses showing that it represents one of the earliest groups to split off in flowering-plant phylogeny, rather than having a close relationship to monocots, which it bears a superficial resemblance to due to convergent evolution. The family includes only the genus Trithuria, which has at least 13 species, although species diversity in the family has probably been substantially underestimated. Description Plants are submerged and emergent aquatic plants, rooted in the substrate below the water. They are tiny plants, just a few cm tall. Most species are ephemeral aquatics that flower in vernal pools when the water draws down, but\n\nQuestion: What is Hydatellaceae", "output": "Hydatellaceae are a family of small, aquatic flowering plants."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sir Tomu Malaefone Sione, (17 November 1941 \u2013 April 2016), was a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu. He worked as a journalist from 1962 to 1968, and held the post of radio announcer in the Broadcasting and Information Department of the administration of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony (GEIC). He was the head of the southern Niutao clan. He was married to Segali. Member of Parliament Tomu Sione was first elected to represent the constituency of Niutao in the House of Assembly of the GEIC in 1970. He was re-elected in the 1971 Gilbert and Ellice Islands general election, and in the 1974 Gilbert and Ellice Islands general election. Following the separation of Tuvalu from Kiribati he served in the House of Assembly of the Colony of Tuvalu. From 1975 to 1978 he was the minister for commerce and natural resources in the cabinet of the\n\nBeastie Boys were an American hip hop/rap rock group from New York City, formed in 1981. The group was composed of Michael \"Mike D\" Diamond (vocals, drums), Adam \"MCA\" Yauch (vocals, bass), and Adam \"Ad-Rock\" Horovitz (vocals, guitar, programming). Beastie Boys were formed out of members of experimental hardcore punk band The Young Aborigines, which was formed in 1979, with Diamond on drums, Jeremy Shatan on bass guitar, John Berry on guitar, and Kate Schellenbach later joining on percussion. When Shatan left New York City in the summer of 1981, Yauch replaced him on bass and the resulting band was named Beastie Boys. Berry left shortly thereafter and was replaced by Horovitz. After achieving local success with the 1983 comedy hip hop single \"Cooky Puss\", Beastie Boys made a full transition to hip hop, and Schellenbach left. They toured with Madonna in 1985 and a year later released their debut\n\nRoman Wladimir Jackiw (; ; 8 November 1939 \u2013 14 June 2023) was a Polish-born American theoretical physicist and Dirac Medallist. Biography Born in Lubliniec, Poland in 1939 to a Ukrainian family, the family later moved to Austria and Germany before settling in New York City when Jackiw was about 10. Jackiw earned his undergraduate degree from Swarthmore College and his PhD from Cornell University in 1966 under Hans Bethe and Kenneth Wilson. He was a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Theoretical Physics from 1969 until his retirement. He retained his affiliation in emeritus status in 2019. Jackiw co-discovered the chiral anomaly, which is also known as the Adler\u2013Bell\u2013Jackiw anomaly. In 1969, he and John Stewart Bell published their explanation, which was later expanded and clarified by Stephen L. Adler, of the observed decay of a neutral pion into two photons. This decay is forbidden by\n\nQuestion: What is Beastie Boys?", "output": "Beastie Boys were an American hip hop/rap rock group from New York City, formed in 1981."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Constance Binney (June 28, 1896 \u2013 November 15, 1989) was an American stage and film actress and dancer. Biography Born in New York City, Binney was educated at Westover School, a private college preparatory boarding school for girls in Middlebury, Connecticut, and in Paris, France. Her father, Harold Osgood Binney and her mother, Gertrude Miles, were both from wealthy and socially connected families. A maternal uncle was Basil Miles, an American diplomat to Russia during the presidency of Woodrow Wilson. In 1934, she told a newspaper reporter, \"I was born a society wench, and I've resented it ever since.\" She made her Broadway theatre debut in Saturday to Monday (1917) and the following year appeared with her actress sister, Faire Binney, in the Maurice Tourneur silent film, Sporting Life, her film debut. In 1919, she starred opposite John Barrymore in The Test of Honor. Her other Broadway credits included Oh,\n\nThe West Village is a neighborhood in the western section of the larger Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan, New York City. The West Village is bounded by the Hudson River to the west and 14th Street to the north. The eastern boundary is variously cited as Greenwich Avenue, Seventh Avenue, or Sixth Avenue, while the southern boundary is either Houston Street or Christopher Street. The West Village is part of Manhattan Community District 2, and is patrolled by the 6th Precinct of the New York City Police Department. Residential property sale prices in West Village are among the most expensive in the United States, typically exceeding US in 2017. History Beginning in the early 1980s, residential development spread in the Far West Village between West Street and Hudson Street, from West 14th Street to West Houston Street, resulting in the area being given its own name. Preservation Historically, local\n\nNorthpoint City, formerly known as Northpoint Shopping Centre, is a suburban shopping mall in Yishun, Singapore. Located opposite Yishun MRT station, the mall houses the Nee Soon Central Community Club, Yishun Public Library as well as the Yishun Bus Interchange, which forms part of the Yishun Integrated Transport Hub (ITH). The mall was first built in 1992, and was renovated and expanded in 2010. It susbeqeuently underwent a second renovation and expansion from 2017 to 2018. It is currently the largest shopping mall in northern Singapore. The centre has a combined net lettable area of at least and houses more than 400 tenants. History Northpoint City was originally called the Northpoint Shopping Centre, having been first constructed in November 1992 as the first suburban mall to be built in the northern heartlands of Singapore. Cold Storage, Swensen's and Giordano were one of the first few outlets to open in the\n\nQuestion: What is Constance Binney?", "output": "Constance Binney was an American stage and film actress and dancer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Caffeine citrate, sold under the brand name Cafcit among others, is a medication used to treat a lack of breathing in premature babies. Specifically it is given to babies who are born at less than 35 weeks or weigh less than once other causes are ruled out. It is given by mouth or slow injection into a vein. Side effects can include problems feeding, increased heart rate, low blood sugar, necrotizing enterocolitis, and kidney problems. Testing blood caffeine levels is occasionally recommended. Although it is often referred to as a citric acid salt of caffeine, as implied by its name, caffeine citrate in fact consists of cocrystals of the two components. Caffeine citrate is in the xanthine family of medication. It works by stimulating the respiratory centers in the brain. Caffeine was discovered in 1819. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. The intravenous form may\n\nNantong University (), colloquially known in Chinese as Tong da (\u901a\u5927, T\u014dngd\u00e0), was established in 1912. The university is located in Nantong, Jiangsu province, China. It occupies 4000 acres and have 800 thousand square meters used for school buildings. Nantong is comprehensive university constructed by Jiangsu Provincial Government and the state Ministry of Transport. It is composed of three parts, Nantong Medical College, Nantong Engineering College and Nantong Normal College and has four campuses: the new campus, Qixiu campus, Zhongxiu campus and Qidong campus. The enrollment is nearly 34 thousand full-time students, among whom 1550 are graduates and 300 are oversea students. The university has 84 undergraduate programs based on nine major disciplines, which are literature, science, engineering, medical science, education, economics, law, history and management. The Nantong University is Accredited and Approved By MCI (Medical Council of India) and WHO (World Health Organization). Vision and Mission The Nantong University's\n\nLane Hall is a later 20th-century neoclassical building serving as the principal workplace and headquarters of the central administration of Bates College, located at 2 Andrews Road in Lewiston, Maine. It has been the principle administrative headquarters of every Bates president since Thomas Hedley Reynolds in 1964. Lane Hall was named after George Lane Jr., who served as treasurer of the college and secretary of the corporation. The building name, Lane Hall is used to refer metonymically to the central administration of Bates College. The board of trustees combined with the office of the presidency create the Bates College Corporation, the highest level of authority for the college and its extended domains. The members of the board of trustees, central administration, and the president are afforded certain and selected powers, privileges, rights and immunities through the laws of the president and trustees of Bates College, the highest ranking document in\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Lane Hall is.", "output": "Lane Hall is a later 20th-century neoclassical building serving as the principal workplace and headquarters of the central administration of Bates College, located at 2 Andrews Road in Lewiston, Maine."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Donald Kenneth Gutierrez (March 10, 1932 \u2013 October 29, 2013) was an American writer and professor emeritus of English literature. Biography The eldest son of Latin-American immigrants, he was born in Oakland, California, in 1932. He taught at the University of Notre Dame and the Western New Mexico University in Silver City, New Mexico. He studied English literature at University of California, Berkeley in the early 1950s. Gutierrez left Berkeley in 1958 to pursue a career at the Metropolitan Museum of Art Library in New York, and wound up at book publisher Grosset & Dunlap. He returned to California to receive a PhD from UCLA in 1964 and later joined the Notre Dame English department. Gutierrez returned to Notre Dame on a research scholarship, shortly before finishing a book on Kenneth Rexroth that renowned former Notre Dame president and head, Reverend (\"Father\") Theodore M. Hesburgh, placed in Notre Dame's Hesburgh\n\nDaniel Ionel Opri\u021ba (born 10 August 1981) is a Romanian professional football manager and former football player. Club career Opri\u021ba began his career at FCM Re\u0219i\u021ba in 2000 in Liga II, the second tier of the Romanian football pyramid. In 2002, he moved on to Steaua Bucure\u0219ti, making the step up to Liga I in the top tier of the Romanian football. Opri\u021ba spent the next seven years of his career in Bucharest winning the Divizia A in 2004\u201305 and 2005\u201306 and also the Supercupa Rom\u00e2niei in 2005\u201306. He scored 14 goals in 93 appearances whilst at FCSB. On 12 April 2007, he moved across Bucharest to play for city rivals FC Dinamo Bucure\u0219ti on a four-year contract. His time at the club was not a success and he played just five games without scoring. Later, in 2008, he signed for FCM UTA Arad based in Arad in the west\n\nBenedetto Justiniani (1550 \u2013 19 December 1622) was a Jesuit theologian and Biblical scholar from Genoa, in what is today Italy. Justiniani entered the Jesuit noviciate at Rome in 1579 and later taught rhetoric in the Roman College, and then theology at Toulouse, Messina, and Rome. For more than twenty years, he served as head of the Roman College and regens of the Sacra Poenitentiaria (Apostolic Penitentiary). He also filled the post of Chief Preacher to the Pope. Pope Clement VIII appointed him theologian to Cardinal Thomas Cajetan, during his legation in Poland. Justiniani died at Rome in 1622. Works Justiniani's writings include: In omnes B. Pauli Epistolas explanationes, 2 vols. In omnes Catholicas Epistolas explanationes Apologia pro libertate ecclesiastica ad Gallo-Francos References 1550 births 1622 deaths 16th-century Genoese people 17th-century Genoese people 16th-century Italian Jesuits 17th-century Italian Jesuits 16th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians 17th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians 16th-century\n\nQuestion: Who is Daniel Opri\u021ba", "output": "Daniel Ionel Opri\u021ba is a Romanian professional football manager and former football player."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Matambre is the name of a very thin cut of beef in Argentina, Uruguay and also Paraguay. It is a rose colored muscle taken between the skin and the ribs of the steer, a sort of flank steak. It is not the cut known normally in the U.S. as flank steak. Some people refer to it as the \"fly shaker\", because it is the muscle used by the animal to twitch to repel flies and other flying insects. Overview The same word (or matambre arrollado or matambre relleno) is also used for a dish made of a matambre meat roll stuffed with vegetables, peppers, ham, hard-boiled eggs and herbs, then boiled or oven-roasted. It is served sliced\u2014with the fillings making a colourful display\u2014either hot or cold. It is often eaten with chimichurri sauce. It is a rather fatty meat and is usually eaten with vegetables. Pork matambre is also used.\n\nKavim () is an Israeli bus company based in Holon. It was founded in 2000 and provided lines in the eastern Gush Dan region - the towns/cities Kiryat Ono, Petah Tikva, Or Yehuda, Givatayim and others. In February 2005, Kavim expanded to the north, where it started providing bus lines in Afula, Bet She'an and the Nazareth area. In 2006, more routes are planned in Petah Tikva and Rosh HaAyin. Many of Kavim's current routes were transferred from the Dan Bus Company. In 2011, the bus company Illit was merged with Kavim. In 2012, Kavim won the tender for the Heshmonaim cluster which includes the cities Ramla, Lod and Modi'in, and the tender for cluster of regional bus routes in the Netanya Hadera area. Kavim started the operate the routes in both clusters in 2013. In 2015, Kavim's bus routes in Afula were transferred to Superbus bus company. In 2017\n\nHockey Alberta is the governing body of all ice hockey in Alberta, Canada and is affiliated with Hockey Canada. It was founded in 1907 as the Alberta Amateur Hockey Association (AAHA) to be the governing body for Alberta intra-city ice hockey play. As of the 2018\u201319 hockey season, the Chair of the Board of Directors was Terry Engen, and the Chief Executive Officer for operations management was Rob Litwinski. History Hockey had been played for over 10 years before Alberta was proclaimed a province in 1905. Play took place on an exhibition or friendly basis. As teams developed, a need developed for a governing body to administer the game at a provincial level for intra-city games. At a November 29, 1907 meeting in Red Deer, the Alberta Amateur Hockey Association was founded, with R.N. Brown elected as the first president of the organization. In 1914, the AAHA would be one\n\nQuestion: What is Hockey Alberta?", "output": "Hockey Alberta is the governing body of all ice hockey in Alberta, Canada and is affiliated with Hockey Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Euryhaline organisms are able to adapt to a wide range of salinities. An example of a euryhaline fish is the molly (Poecilia sphenops) which can live in fresh water, brackish water, or salt water. The green crab (Carcinus maenas) is an example of a euryhaline invertebrate that can live in salt and brackish water. Euryhaline organisms are commonly found in habitats such as estuaries and tide pools where the salinity changes regularly. However, some organisms are euryhaline because their life cycle involves migration between freshwater and marine environments, as is the case with salmon and eels. The opposite of euryhaline organisms are stenohaline ones, which can only survive within a narrow range of salinities. Most freshwater organisms are stenohaline, and will die in seawater, and similarly most marine organisms are stenohaline, and cannot live in fresh water. Osmoregulation Osmoregulation is the active process by which an organism maintains its level\n\nMalaysian National Projects are major national and giant projects which are important in the development of Malaysia. This is a list of national projects from Malaysian independence in 1957 to the present. 1957\u20131963 Stadium Merdeka Klang Gates Dam Stadium Negara Parliament House National Museum 1963\u20131970 Subang International Airport National Mosque National Monument East\u2013West Highway Angkasapuri 1971\u20131980 Rural Development Projects under New Economic Policy including: FELDA settlement FELCRA settlement Kedah territory (except Langkawi Island) (KEDA) Penang territory (PERDA) Kelantan South (KESEDAR) Central Terengganu (KETENGAH) Southeast Pahang (DARA) Southeast Johor (KEJORA) Kuantan Satellite Earth Station Temenggor Dam Karak Highway KOMTAR Penang 1981\u20131990 North\u2013South Expressway Penang Bridge Kenyir Dam Dayabumi Complex Petronas petroleum and gas refinery in Kerteh, Terengganu Sultan Ismail Power Station in Paka, Terengganu 1991\u20131999 Peninsula Gas Pipeline KTM Komuter Kuala Lumpur Integrated Transit System, also known as Rapid KL Kuala Lumpur International Airport Petronas Twin Towers Kuala Lumpur Tower Putrajaya\n\nFodbold Club Fredericia af 1991 (, simply known as FC Fredericia) is a professional association football club based in the town of Fredericia, Denmark, that competes in the Danish 1st Division, the second tier of the Danish football league system. Founded in 1991 as a merger between Fredericia fF and Fredericia KFUM, it is affiliated to DBU Jutland. The team plays its home matches at Fredericia Stadium, named Monjasa Park for sponsorship reasons, where it has been based since 2006. In 2002, Fredericia fF pulled out of the merger, which means that FC Fredericia today continues to be the professional branch of Fredericia KFUM. Despite this, FC Fredericia has enjoyed considerable success since its foundation as they have risen through the pyramid; from their inception when they competed in the Denmark Series, the fourth tier of Danish football to today, where they have established themselves in the second tier. History\n\nQuestion: Define FC Fredericia.", "output": "Fodbold Club Fredericia af 1991 is a professional association football club based in the town of Fredericia, Denmark, that competes in the Danish 1st Division, the second tier of the Danish football league system."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\u00c1ngeles Mastretta (born October 9, 1949, in Puebla) is a post-boom Mexican author, journalist, actress, and film producer. She is well known for creating inspirational female characters and fictional pieces that reflect the social and political realities of Mexico in her life. She is a recipient of the R\u00f3mulo Gallegos Prize and the Mazatl\u00e1n Prize for Literature for Best Book of the Year. Her book, Arr\u00e1ncame la vida (Tear This Heart Out) was adapted into a movie, which won an Ariel Award in Mexico. Background Mastretta began writing as a journalist for a Mexican magazine, Siete and an afternoon newspaper, Ovaciones. She claims that her father \u2013 a journalist in his youth \u2013 inspired her to be a writer. Her father died when the writer was still very young, but this did not prevent her from following in his footsteps. She later went on to marry writer, H\u00e9ctor Aguilar Cam\u00edn.\n\nChristianne Oliveira (previously Christianne Gadd) (born 1971) is a Brazilian actress, known for playing Donna Doyle on Night and Day from 2001 to 2003 and Countess Belanova on The Great from 2020 to 2023. Career Oliveira also appeared in the movie Chocolat with Johnny Depp in 2000, playing Chitza. In 2003, she appeared in a video clip of the Arabian singer Amr Diab. The clip was on song (Ana ayesh) and Oliveira was the sweetheart of Amr Diab in the clip, which was popular in Egypt and the Middle East. Oliveira joined the cast of EastEnders in May 2006, playing Carla Mitchell. She got the part after having strong sexual chemistry with Ross Kemp, who plays her on-screen husband, Grant Mitchell, at her audition. She joined the cast of Rodrigo Rodrigues`s Goitaca with Marlon Blue, Leandro Firmino, Luciano Szafir and Lady Francisco. From 2020 to 2023, Oliveira recurred as Countess\n\n\"Carbona Not Glue\" is a song by the Ramones from their second album, Leave Home (1977). Story \"Carbona Not Glue\" is a follow-up to \"Now I Wanna Sniff Some Glue\", a song that appeared on their first album. The band sarcastically suggested that the high obtained from sniffing Carbona cleaning solvent (carbon tetrachloride) was more pleasurable than that of airplane glue. In the hardcover book included in some versions of Hey! Ho! Let's Go: The Anthology, Tommy Ramone says, \"Something like 'Carbona Not Glue' has to be tongue-in-cheek. It's absurd, like saying that you should try something more poisonous.\" It was featured prominently in the graphic novel Ghost World by Dan Clowes. Controversy The original release of Leave Home included \"Carbona Not Glue\" as the fifth track on the album. However, the song was deleted from the album to avoid a potential lawsuit, as Carbona was a corporate trademark. The\n\nQuestion: Define Carbona Not Glue.", "output": "\"Carbona Not Glue\" is a song by the Ramones from their second album, Leave Home."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Genene Anne Jones (born July 13, 1950) is an American serial killer, responsible for the deaths of up to 60 infants and children in her care as a licensed vocational nurse during the 1970s and 1980s. In 1984, Jones was convicted of murder and injury to a child. She had used injections of digoxin, heparin, and later succinylcholine to induce medical crises in her patients, causing numerous deaths. The exact number of victims remains unknown; hospital officials allegedly misplaced and then destroyed records of Jones' activities, to prevent further litigation after Jones' first conviction. Early life and marriages Jones was adopted by a nightclub owner and his wife. She worked as a beautician before attending nursing school in the late 1970s. Jones was married to her high school sweetheart between 1968 and 1974, and they had one child during that time. The relationship ended in divorce. Three years later Jones\n\nApathy and Exhaustion is the third album by the Chicago, Illinois punk rock band The Lawrence Arms, released in 2002 by Fat Wreck Chords. It was the band's first album to be released on that label, and with this release, the band formed a close relationship with the label and its founder Fat Mike, with whom they released their next two albums. It was also their first full-length album recorded with producer Matt Allison, with whom they would go on to record all of their subsequent material. Apathy and Exhaustion shows the band experimenting with verse/chorus structures, and infectious pop melodies. Fat Mike included this album on a list of the 25 best albums released on Fat Wreck Chords. An independent music video was filmed for the song \"Porno and Snuff Films.\" Pseudonyms In the album's liner notes, the band members identify themselves under the false names Clarence Darrow, Lehigh\n\nLlu\u00eds Llach i Grande (; born 7 May 1948) is a Catalan singer-songwriter, novelist and politician from Spain. He is one of the main representatives of the nova can\u00e7\u00f3 genre and an outspoken advocate of the right to self-determination of Catalonia. His most famous song, \"L'Estaca\", has become the unofficial anthem of the Catalan independence movement. He was a member of the Catalan Parliament from September 2015 until January 2018. Music He is one of the main representatives of nova can\u00e7\u00f3 (New Song), a movement of musicians, and singers who defied Francisco Franco's dictatorship by singing political songs in Catalan during a time where the language, and other cultural manifestations of Catalan identity were allowed although Castillian was the official language in public institutions; nonetheless, on January 23, 1973, TVE aired the show Llu\u00eds Llach, in Catalan languague, shot various locations in Gerona province. His famous song \"L'Estaca\" about a\n\nQuestion: What is Apathy and Exhaustion?", "output": "Apathy and Exhaustion is the third album by the Chicago, Illinois punk rock band The Lawrence Arms, released in 2002 by Fat Wreck Chords."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The ocellated lizard or jewelled lizard (Timon lepidus) is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae (wall lizards). The species is endemic to southwestern Europe. Common names Additional common names for T. lepidus include eyed lizard, and jeweled lacerta (in the pet trade), Description Timon lepidus is one of the largest members of its family. The adult is in total length (including tail) and may reach up to , weighing more than . About two-thirds of its length is tail. Newly hatched young are long, excluding tail. This is a robust lizard with a serrated collar. The male has a characteristic broad head. It has thick, strong legs, with long, curved claws. The dorsal background colour is usually green, but sometimes grey or brownish, especially on the head and tail. This is overlaid with black stippling that may form a bold pattern of interconnected rosettes. The underside is yellowish\n\nFrank Anthony Castillo (April 1, 1969 \u2013 July 28, 2013) was an American Major League Baseball starting pitcher. Castillo played for the Chicago Cubs (1991\u20131997), Colorado Rockies (1997), Detroit Tigers (1998), Toronto Blue Jays (2000), Boston Red Sox (2001\u20132002, 2004), and Florida Marlins (2005). Career A sixth-round pick by the Cubs in the 1987 amateur draft, Castillo made his major league debut in 1991. On September 25, 1995, in a 7\u20130 shutout victory over the St. Louis Cardinals at Wrigley Field, Castillo had a no-hitter broken up with two out in the ninth inning by inches. Bernard Gilkey hit a two-strike, line drive that fell in for a hit, despite an all-out attempt by Sammy Sosa to make a diving catch. The ball rolled to the wall for a triple, the only hit Castillo allowed. He struck out a career-high 13, including the first two batters in the ninth. Castillo\n\nKenny Kramer (born May 1943) is an American former stand-up comedian, who was the inspiration for the character of Cosmo Kramer from the television sitcom Seinfeld. Early life Kramer grew up in New York City, in the Tremont section of the Bronx, and dropped out of high school at age 17. He sold magazines, played drums in a Catskills resort band, and had a spotty career as a stand-up comedian that lasted until 1981, when he gave up comedy to sell light-up \"electronic disco jewelry\" in nightclubs for a couple of years. Career Kramer sought to manage Bill Beason, a New York point karate champion, with the hopes that the karate tournament scene would develop along the same lines as wrestling had, since corporate sponsors such as Budweiser and Paul Mitchell were emerging. Seinfeld co-creator Larry David lived across the hall from Kenny for six years, just as the character\n\nQuestion: What is Ocellated lizard", "output": "The ocellated lizard or jewelled lizard is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The system partition and the boot partition (also known as the system volume and the boot volume) are computing terms for disk partitions of a hard disk drive or solid-state drive that must exist and be properly configured for a computer to operate. There are two different definitions for these terms: the common definition and the Microsoft definition. Common definition In context of every operating system, except those developed by Microsoft, the system partition and the boot partition are defined as follows: The boot partition is a primary partition that contains the boot loader, a piece of software responsible for booting the operating system. For example, in the standard Linux directory layout (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard), boot files (such as the kernel, initrd, and boot loader GRUB) are mounted at /boot/. Despite Microsoft's radically different definition (see below), System Information, a utility app included in Windows NT family of operating systems,\n\nGreve in Chianti (the old name was Greve; in 1972 it was renamed Greve in Chianti after the inclusion of that area in the Chianti wine district) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Florence, Tuscany, Italy. It is located about south of Florence and north of Siena. Sitting in the Val di Greve, it is named for the small, fast-flowing river that runs through it, is the principal town in the Chianti wine district that stretches south of Florence to just north of Siena. Until recently it has been a quiet, almost bucolic town because it was, and still is, well off the main roads. Even in ancient days Greve was not isolated because it was well-connected by secondary roads to the Via Volterrana and via Francigena. Nowadays, it is connected to the A1 superstrada between Florence and Rome and the main road between Florence\n\nMurhu block is a CD block that forms an administrative division in the Khunti Sadar subdivision of Khunti district, in the Indian state of Jharkhand. History Khunti subdivision was formed in Ranchi district in 1905 and Khunti district was created on 12 September 2007. Maoist activities Hemant Soren, Chief Minister of Jharkhand, has claimed, in September 2021, that effective action against left wing extremism has reduced the active involvement of such groups to only a few areas that includes the tri-junction of Khunti, Seraikela Kharsawan and West Singhbhum districts. Khunti has been a Maoist-hit district. Well co-ordinated efforts by Jharkhand police, including community policing programmes in remote areas, have shown positive results. Geography Khunti district occupies a part of the Ranchi Plateau with hills and undulating terrain. A major part of the district is in the altitude range of , with up to \u00b1 200 m for some parts. Murhu\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Greve in Chianti is.", "output": "Greve in Chianti is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Florence, Tuscany, Italy."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nuala Hafner is an Australian media personality of Ghanaian descent. She is also a psychologist. Early life and education Hafner was born in London, England, to Ghanaian-born Australian Dorinda Hafner. Her parents met in England, where her father, Julian, was a psychiatrist, and migrated to Adelaide in 1977, where Nuala was raised. The couple subsequently split up. She attended Adelaide's Pembroke School, Adelaide, where she was dux of her year before travelling to the UK and Europe. She taught drama in London till 1995. She completed a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws at Flinders University in 2000 and was admitted to the bar. Television career Hafner began her media career at the age of three months when she appeared in an advertisement for baby formula. She also starred in children's program The Book Place, and on Seven Adelaide's lifestyle program Discover. Nuala joined Seven News Sydney in April\n\nBlood of the Vampire is a 1958 British colour horror film directed by Henry Cass and starring Donald Wolfit, Barbara Shelley, and Vincent Ball. The film was produced by Robert S. Baker and Monty Berman for Tempean Films, from a screenplay by Jimmy Sangster. Many horror fans thought the feature was a Hammer Films production when it came out, due to its similar look and Sangster's writer's credit. The film's U.S. release was in October 1958 as a double feature with Universal's Monster on the Campus. The film's storyline, set in Transylvania, is about a scientist who uses the inmates of a prison for the criminally insane as sources for his gruesome blood-typing and transfusion experiments that are keeping him alive. Plot A man's body wrapped in a shroud is shoved into a Transylvania grave in 1874. An executioner drives a stake through its heart. Immediately afterward, Carl, severely physically\n\nPhilip Perceval Graves (25 February 1876 \u2013 3 June 1953) was an Anglo-Irish journalist and writer. While working as a foreign correspondent of The Times in Constantinople, he exposed The Protocols of the Elders of Zion as an antisemitic plagiarism, fraud and hoax. Life Early life and education Graves, eldest son of the writer Alfred Perceval Graves (1846\u20131931), was born in Ballylickey, County Cork, Ireland, into a prominent Anglo-Irish family. He studied at Haileybury and Oriel College receiving a bachelor's degree from Oxford University in March 1900. He was the elder half-brother of the authors Robert Graves and Charles Graves. Career As a correspondent of The Times in Constantinople from 1908 to 1914, he reported on the events preceding World War I. In 1914, as a British citizen, he had to leave the Ottoman Empire due to the war. In 1915\u20131919, he served in the British Army in the Middle\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Nuala Hafner is.", "output": "Nuala Hafner is an Australian media personality of Ghanaian descent."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Maynard Sonntag (born January 31, 1956) is a Canadian politician and a former Saskatchewan cabinet minister. He was born, raised and educated in Goodsoil, Saskatchewan. Prior to being elected, Sonntag was a manager in the Credit Union system from 1980 to 1991. Sonntag was first elected to the Saskatchewan legislature as the member for Meadow Lake in 1991 and was re-elected in 1995, 1999 and 2003. Sonntag was first appointed to cabinet in June 1997 and held various portfolios between then and 2007, including: Property Management and Saskatchewan Liquor and Gaming Authority, Post-Secondary Education and Skills Training, Highways and Transportation, Energy and Mines, First Nations and M\u00e9tis Relations, Industry and Resources, and Crown Investments Corporation. Sonntag was initially declared elected in the 2007 election, narrowly beating former federal Member of Parliament Jeremy Harrison in Meadow Lake, but was subsequently declared defeated after a count error was noted the following day.\n\nCorporate titles or business titles are given to corporate officers to show what duties and responsibilities they have in the organization. Such titles are used by publicly and privately held for-profit corporations, cooperatives, non-profit organizations, educational institutions, partnerships, and sole proprietorships that also confer corporate titles. Variations There are considerable variations in the composition and responsibilities of corporate title. Within the corporate office or corporate center of a corporation, some corporations have a chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) as the top-ranking executive, while the number two is the president and chief operating officer (COO); other corporations have a president and CEO but no official deputy. Typically, senior managers are \"higher\" than vice presidents, although many times a senior officer may also hold a vice president title, such as executive vice president and chief financial officer (CFO). The board of directors is technically not part of management itself, although its\n\nRustlers' Rhapsody is a 1985 American comedy\u2013Western film. It is a parody of many Western conventions, most visibly of the singing cowboy films that were prominent in the 1930s and the 1940s. The film was written and directed by Hugh Wilson, who was supposedly inspired by working at CBS Studio Center, the former Republic Pictures backlot. It stars Tom Berenger as a stereotypical good-guy cowboy, Rex O'Herlihan, who is drawn out of a black-and-white film and transferred into a more self-aware setting. Patrick Wayne, son of Western icon John Wayne, co-stars, along with Andy Griffith, Fernando Rey, G.W. Bailey, Marilu Henner and Sela Ward. Henner was nominated for a Golden Raspberry Award as Worst Supporting Actress. Plot The concept of the film is explained in a voiceover wondering what it would be like if one of the old Rex O'Herlihan films were to be made today. At that point, the\n\nQuestion: Define Rustlers' Rhapsody.", "output": "Rustlers' Rhapsody is a 1985 American comedy\u2013Western film."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Samuel Edwin Weir (March 14, 1903 \u2013 May 15, 1991) was an American collegiate and professional football player. He was the first Nebraska Cornhuskers football player elected to the College Football Hall of Fame and is known as one of Nebraska's greatest athletes. In 2005 the Omaha World-Herald, as part of a series on the 100 Greatest Athletes of Nebraska, named Weir the 19th best athlete in the state's history. Biography Born in Superior, Nebraska in 1903, Weir played on the line at Nebraska and was captain of the 1923 team that beat the \"Four Horsemen\" of the University of Notre Dame. He was elected All-American in 1924 and 1925. Weir turned down offers to play professionally in Jacksonville in 1925. He went on to play professionally for the Frankford Yellow Jackets of the National Football League (NFL). In 1927, he and several teammates took over the coaching job in\n\nNandambakkam () is a western neighbourhood of Chennai, India. It is known for the Chennai Trade Centre and the Surgical Instruments Factory. In 2011 Nandambakkam was included to Chennai district by the Government of Tamil Nadu. Geography Nandambakkam is situated at a distance of 13 kilometres south-west of Chennai on the Mount-Poonamallee Road. It is bound by Alandur and St Thomas Mount to the east and Manapakkam to the west. It is bound by Ramapuram to the north and north-west and Pallavaram to the south. The township extends from the Madras War Cemetery on the east to the banks of the Adyar River on the west. Demographics India census, Nandambakkam had a population of 9093. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Nandambakkam has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85%, and female literacy is 77%. In Nandambakkam,\n\nThe Regional District of Mount Waddington (RDMW) is a regional district in British Columbia. It takes in the lower Central Coast region centred on the Queen Charlotte Strait coast of northern Vancouver Island and the adjoining parts of mainland British Columbia. It has a total land area of 20,288.4 km2 (7,833.4 sq mi) and a 2016 census population of 11,035 persons, most of which is in towns on Vancouver Island and adjoining islands. The administrative centre is in the town of Port McNeill. Other municipalities include the district municipality of Port Hardy, the village of Port Alice, and the village of Alert Bay. Demographics As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Regional District of Mount Waddington had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of ,\n\nQuestion: What's Nandambakkam?", "output": "Nandambakkam is a western neighbourhood of Chennai, India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "El Guettar ( ) is a town in central Tunisia in Gafsa Governorate. It is traditionally known for its pistachio nuts. History In the 1950s, archaeologists found a crown of balls, 4,000 silex, mammal's teeth and bones of animals laid out near a dried up watering hole which is some 40,000 years old. Testimony of devotion with regard to a spirit of the waters, source of any life, and ruins which may constitute the oldest religious \"building\" known in the world (Herma\u00efon of El Guettar). During World War II the town was the site of the Battle of El Guettar between American forces under George S. Patton, and elements of the German Afrika Korps led by general J\u00fcrgen von Arnim, as well as Italian forces led by General Giovanni Messe in early 1943. The battle was later dramatized in the 1970 war film Patton. See also Culture of Tunisia Battle\n\nA wiigwaasabak (in Anishinaabe syllabics: , plural: wiigwaasabakoon ) is a birch bark scroll, on which the Ojibwa (Anishinaabe) people of North America wrote complex geometrical patterns and shapes, also known as a \"written language.\" When used specifically for Midewiwin ceremonial use, these scrolls are called mide-wiigwaas (in syllabics: ). These enabled the memorization of complex ideas, and passing along history and stories to succeeding generations. Several such scrolls are in museums, including one on display at the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, DC. In addition to birchbark, copper, and slate may have also been used, along with hides, pottery, and other artifacts. Some archaeologists are presently trying to determine the exact origins, dates, and locations of their use. Many scrolls were hidden away in caves and man-made pits. Construct The bark of the paper birch tree provides an excellent writing material. Usually, a stylus of either bone, metal or wood\n\nPlastic shamans, or plastic medicine people, is a pejorative colloquialism applied to individuals who are attempting to pass themselves off as shamans, holy people, or other traditional spiritual leaders, but who have no genuine connection to the traditions or cultures they claim to represent. In some cases, the \"plastic shaman\" may have some genuine cultural connection, but is seen to be exploiting that knowledge for ego, power, or money. Plastic shamans are believed by their critics to use the mystique of these cultural traditions, and the legitimate curiosity of sincere seekers, for their personal gain. In some cases, exploitation of students and traditional culture may involve the selling of fake \"traditional\" spiritual ceremonies, fake artifacts, fictional accounts in books, illegitimate tours of sacred sites, and often the chance to buy spiritual titles. Often Native American symbols and terms are adopted by plastic shamans, and their adherents are insufficiently familiar with\n\nQuestion: What is Wiigwaasabak", "output": "A wiigwaasabak is a birch bark scroll, on which the Ojibwa people of North America wrote complex geometrical patterns and shapes, also known as a \"written language.\" When used specifically for Midewiwin ceremonial use, these scrolls are called mide-wiigwaas."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Anthony Roberson (born February 14, 1983) is an American professional basketball player who is currently a free agent. Roberson played college basketball for the University of Florida, and signed with the NBA's Memphis Grizzlies as an undrafted free agent in 2005. Early years Roberson was born in Saginaw, Michigan. He attended Saginaw High School, where he played high school basketball for the Saginaw Trojans and was recognized as a Parade magazine high school All-American as a senior. Roberson was recruited by the University of Florida, Duke University, Michigan State University and the University of Michigan, after averaging 24 points per game as a high school junior. He ultimately chose to attend Florida. College career Roberson accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he played for coach Billy Donovan's Florida Gators men's basketball team from 2003 to 2005. He chose to forgo his final\n\nMichael Graham Vickers (born 18 April 1940) is an English musician who came to prominence as the guitarist, flautist, and saxophonist with the 1960s band Manfred Mann. Early life Vickers was born in Staines-upon-Thames, Surrey. At the age of seven, his family moved to Scotland, and when he was eleven, to Southampton, where he attended King Edward VI school. Career Manfred Mann Vickers originally played flute and saxophone, but with the increasing popularity of guitars in bands, it was decided that Manfred Mann should have a guitarist in their lineup. Vickers volunteered for this role, though he always preferred playing woodwind. His tough flute soloing on hard blues tracks, such as \"Without You\", prefigured the work of Ian Anderson with Jethro Tull five years later. As the group were all multi-instrumentalists, multi-tracking was used to allow Vickers to perform on guitar and woodwind on the same recordings, while drummer Mike\n\nThe Ulster Transport Authority Multi-Engined Diesel (UTA MED) was an early diesel powered railcar, used in Northern Ireland. The 12-mile Belfast-Bangor railway line had a well used passenger service and, being devoid of goods traffic, was chosen as the testing ground for the diesel railcar era. Before deciding to build its own railcars the UTA conducted an experiment by borrowing from the GNR(I). This was considered such a success that the UTA constructed its own experimental three-coach diesel railcar set at its Duncrue Street works, this being outshopped in late Spring 1951, ready for testing and driver training. History The prototype train was converted from conventional locomotive-hauled stock and consisted of two power cars with an intermediate, but non-powered trailer car. Each of the power cars was fitted with two under-floor AEC engines, and all the vehicles were substantially internally rebuilt, and fitted with power-operated sliding doors. The prototype Multi-engined\n\nQuestion: Who was Mike Vickers?", "output": "Michael Graham Vickers is an English musician who came to prominence as the guitarist, flautist, and saxophonist with the 1960s band Manfred Mann."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tung Wah Group of Hospitals Li Ka Shing College () is an aided secondary school in Hong Kong, founded in 1982. It is the twelfth secondary school established by Tung Wah Group of Hospitals. The school is located in Cheung Wah Estate, Fanling. Donor Li Ka-shing, renowned Hong Kong business magnate, investor and philanthropist, made significant donations to construct the school's campus in 1982 and upgrade the school's facilities, including air-conditioning system of the school hall, in 1997. In 2006, Li made another donation to build a new annex for the school and improve its facilities and equipment. Hence, the school was named after him. List of principals House There are currently 4 houses. The originally consisting 8 houses is merged into 4 in school year 2018\u20132019. The students in the eliminated houses in year 2017\u20132018 are now assigned to the corresponding houses shown on the table above. Academic Subjects\n\nGeorge Guest CBE FRCO (9 February 1924 \u2013 20 November 2002) was a Welsh organist and choral conductor. Birth and early life George Guest was born in Bangor, Gwynedd. His father was an organist and Guest assisted him by acting as organ blower. He became a chorister at Bangor Cathedral and subsequently at Chester Cathedral, where he took organ lessons from the sub-organist, Dr Roland Middleton. He passed the examinations for ARCO in 1940 and FRCO in 1942. By this time he had become the organist and choirmaster of Connah's Quay parish church, Flintshire. Being proud of his Welsh roots, from the 1970s onwards Guest took a personal interest in the Cambridge University Welsh Society (Cymdeithas Y Mabinogi), sponsoring many of its events and providing a welcome face for Welsh students away from home. At the age of 18 he was called up for military service, and joined the Royal\n\nPlateosauravus (\"grandfather of Plateosaurus\") is a basal plateosaurian of uncertain affinities from the Late Triassic Elliot Formation of South Africa. Sidney Haughton named Plateosaurus cullingworthi in 1924 from a partial skeleton, type specimen SAM 3341, 3345, 3347, 3350\u201351, 3603, 3607. The specific name honoured collector T.L. Cullingworth. Friedrich von Huene reassessed it in 1932 as belonging to a new genus, which he named Plateosauravus. Jacques van Heerden reassigned it to Euskelosaurus in 1979, and this has been how it was usually considered. However, recent study indicates that Euskelosaurus is based on undiagnostic material and thus a nomen dubium; in his series of sauropodomorph and basal sauropod papers, Adam Yates has recommended no longer using Euskelosaurus and has suggested the use of Plateosauravus instead. More than a dozen additional partial skeletons have been found in the Kruger National Park after a discovery by game warden Adriaan Louw on 27 March 1995.\n\nQuestion: Who was George Guest?", "output": "George Guest CBE FRCO was a Welsh organist and choral conductor."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Poduyane ( ) or Poduene ( ) is a residential complex and a district of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria with 85,996 inhabitants. It is located in the northeastern outskirts of the city and is divided into microregions. Poduyane consists of the neighbourhoods Suhata Reka, Hadzhi Dimitar, Poduyane, Stefan Karadzha, Levski, Levski-G, Levski-V. A former village, it was incoroparted in 1895. The district's holiday is celebrated on 1 June. History Poduene was first mentioned in 1453 as Poduyani. The name is derived from the word poduy, an adjective from pod (\"soil\") with the now-unproductive suffix \u2013uy. In that case poduy was a geographical term referring to a high flat country or a plain country at the foot of a hill. Poduene was the first village to be included within the city of Sofia in 1895 and was mentioned in the Elin Pelin works. In 1920s the neighbourhoods of Suha Reka\n\nAlbany Hill is a prominent hill along the east shore of San Francisco Bay in the city of Albany, California. Geologically, the hill is predominantly Jurassic sandstone, carried to the western edge of North America on the Pacific Plate and scraped off there in the course of subduction. Albany Hill is part of a range of hills uplifted long before today's Berkeley Hills. These hills include Fleming Point and Point Isabel (their summits dynamited away), Brooks Island, the Potrero San Pablo, and the hills across San Pablo Strait. Albany Hill's indigenous Ohlone name is unknown. The 1772 Fages expedition referred to the landmark as \"El Cerrito,\" and it was named Cerrito de San Antonio by the Lu\u00eds Mar\u00eda Peralta family after the name of their ranch, Rancho San Antonio, a Spanish land grant which encompassed much of the East Bay. The name was changed to Albany Hill shortly after the\n\nHind bint \u02bfAwf () was a mother-in-law twice of Muhammad. As the mother, mother-in-law and grandmother of several companions of Muhammad, she was known as the \"grandest mother-in-law on earth\". She was also known by the name Khawla. Family Hind's father, Awf ibn Zuhayr ibn al-Haarith ibn Humaatah ibn Juraysh/Jarsh, was from the Himyar tribe of Yemen. Her mother was Aisha bint al-Muhazzam. Marriage(s) and children Hind apparently married four times and had at least nine children. First marriage Her first husband was Al-Jaz'i al-Zubaydi. Al-Tabari mentions one child from this union. A son. 1. Mahmiyah ibn Al-Jaz'i al-Zubaydi. He was an early convert to Islam who spent thirteen years in Abyssinia. On his arrival in Medina in 628, Muhammad appointed him community treasurer. Second marriage She also married Al-Harith ibn Hazan ibn Jubayr ibn Al-Hazm ibn Rubiya ibn Abdullah ibn Hilal. The Banu Hilal were residents of Mecca. Although\n\nQuestion: What is Poduyane", "output": "Poduyane or Poduene is a residential complex and a district of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria with 85,996 inhabitants."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) is an aqueous extract of blood cells (amoebocytes) from the Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. LAL reacts with bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a membrane component of gram-negative bacteria. This reaction is the basis of the LAL test, which is widely used for the detection and quantification of bacterial endotoxins. In Asia, a similar Tachypleus amebocyte lysate (TAL) test based on the local horseshoe crabs Tachypleus gigas or Tachypleus tridentatus is occasionally used instead. The recombinant factor C (rFC) assay is a replacement of LAL/TAL based on a similar reaction. Background The American medical researcher Fred Bang reported in 1956 that gram-negative bacteria, even if killed, will cause the blood of the horseshoe crab to turn into a semi-solid mass. It was later recognized that the animal's blood cells, mobile cells called amoebocytes, contain granules with a clotting factor known as coagulogen; this is released\n\nRalung Monastery (), located in the Tsang region of western Tibet south of Karo Pass, is the traditional seat of the Drukpa Lineage of Tibetan Buddhism. It was founded in 1180 by Tsangpa Gyare, 1st Gyalwang Drukpa, a disciple of Lingje R\u00e9pa () who founded the Drukpa Lineage. Location The monastery is located in present-day Gyantse County several kilometers south of the road connecting Nakartse and Lungmar, immediately north of the Gasa district of Bhutan. In previous times, trade could be conducted across the Yak La pass across the high Himalayas, extending the influence of Ralung to the south. The monastery is surrounded by the towering peaks and glacier fields of Gyetong Soksum (6,244m), Jangzang Lhamo (6,324m) and Nojin Gangzang (7,191m). From the beginning the location was recognized as especially auspicious: History The founder of Bhutan, the first Zhabdrung Rinpoche, Ngawang Namgyal, was the 18th abbot of Ralung Monastery. In\n\nKarius and Bactus () is a Norwegian children's novel written and illustrated by playwright Thorbj\u00f8rn Egner. The book was first published in 1949 and produced as a 15-minute puppet animation film by film director Ivo Caprino in 1955. An English translation by Mike Sevig and Turi Olderheim was published in the United States in 1986. The main characters are Karius (black haired) and Bactus (red haired). Their names are puns on Caries and Bacteria, and they are two small \"tooth trolls\" that live inside cavities in the teeth of a boy named Jens. They have a very good life, especially when Jens eats white bread with syrup and fails to brush his teeth afterwards. Eventually their homes are destroyed by the work of a dentist and they are rinsed out of Jens' mouth through proper dental care. The story of Karius and Bactus, with its humorous illustrations and important message,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Ralung Monastery is.", "output": "Ralung Monastery, located in the Tsang region of western Tibet south of Karo Pass, is the traditional seat of the Drukpa Lineage of Tibetan Buddhism."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Brooks England is a bicycle saddle manufacturer originally based in Smethwick, West Midlands, England and now owned by Selle Royal of Italy. It has been making leather goods since 1866, when it was founded in Hockley, Birmingham. In the 1880s, the production of bicycle saddles began, the first saddle patent having been filed in 1882. In a 2014 interview with Feel Desain, a Brooks spokesperson stated that according to family legend, the company began when founder John Boultbee Brooks, a horse saddle manufacturer, tried to use a bicycle after his horse died but found the wooden seat very uncomfortable. As a result, he vowed to set about solving this problem and Brooks was born. Raleigh Bicycle Company bought Brooks in 1962. When Raleigh collapsed in 1999, Brooks was sold and subsequently went into liquidation. John Godfrey Macnaughtan and Adrien Williams were able to buy the company and keep production in\n\nOlema (Miwok: Olemaloke) is an unincorporated community in Marin County, California. It is located on Olema Creek south-southeast of Point Reyes Station, at an elevation of 69 feet (21 m). Olema is along State Route 1 at its intersection with Sir Francis Drake Boulevard, on the eastern edge of the Point Reyes Peninsula in the western part of Marin County. The name Olema comes from the Coast Miwok placename meaning \"coyote valley\". Olema was once thought to be the epicenter of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake due to the huge fault rifts still visible via a nearby hiking path. There are historical references to this in and around the town, including at shops and restaurants. However, more recent evidence suggests that a location near Daly City is more likely the epicenter. Olema was also the title subject of the late-1960s country-rock song, \"Hippie from Olema\", The Youngbloods' rejoinder to Merle\n\nPrussian districts () were administrative units in the former Kingdom of Prussia, part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918, and its successor state, the Free State of Prussia, similar to a county or a shire. They were established in the course of the Stein-Hardenberg Reforms from 1815 to 1818 at an intermediate level, between the higher provinces and the government districts (Regierungsbezirke), and the lower municipal governments (Gemeinden). Then part of a modern and highly effective public administration structure, they served as a model for the present-day districts of Germany In the aftermath of World War I, the Prussian districts of Eupen and Malmedy (Belgium) were annexed by Belgium in 1925, thereby causing the presence of a German-speaking minority. Administration After the Napoleonic Wars and the 1815 Congress of Vienna, the Prussian lands were re-arranged into ten provinces, three of them\u2014East Prussia, West Prussia and the Grand Duchy\n\nQuestion: What is Districts of Prussia", "output": "Prussian districts were administrative units in the former Kingdom of Prussia, part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918, and its successor state, the Free State of Prussia, similar to a county or a shire."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\u00c5sebakken Priory, or the Priory of Our Lady of \u00c5sebakken, is a Benedictine monastery of nuns at Birker\u00f8d, about 20 km north of Copenhagen in Denmark. The priory is part of the Beuronese Congregation within the Benedictine Confederation. History In 1898, the Apostolic Vicar of Denmark, Johannes von Euch, approached the monastery of the Sisters of Perpetual Adoration in Innsbruck, Austria, with the invitation to establish a monastic community in his prelature. During 1902-3, with the financial backing of Baroness Maria von Wacken Hartig, the Sisters acquired two parcels of land in Copenhagen. Construction on them, however, was not begun until 1913, and lasted into the following year. In June 1914, a group of seven Sisters left Austria under the leadership of Prioress M. Birgitta von Wacken Hartig, and the monastery was formally established on the following 8 October. That same day, two Danish women were received as postulants to\n\nInnisdale Secondary School is a public secondary school that is located in the south end of Barrie, Ontario, Canada. It is the largest high school in Simcoe County. It was founded in 1978. The principal is Julie Richardson. History Innisdale was founded in 1978. Between 1878 and 1945, the land was home to a farmstead. The maple trees that line the street that is attached to the school's parking lot were planted by the original owners of the farm and have not changed (except for some removals due to safety concerns) since the school was built. In honor of the original owners of the farm, the Kennedy family, the street beside which the trees run was named Kennedy Way in 2005. Sports and activities Sports offered include: badminton, baseball, basketball, cross country running, curling, flag football, football, golf, hockey, mountain biking, basketball, rugby, skiing (alpine and Nordic), soccer, swimming, tennis,\n\nEmu Ridge is a housing estate in the suburb of Belconnen, located in the district of Belconnen, in Canberra, within the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) of Australia. Emu Ridge is bounded by Benjamin Way, College Street, Eastern Valley Way and Belconnen Way; Hennessy Street and Condell Street are the two main thoroughfares, with many cul-de-sacs off these. Nomenclature Many people consider Emu Ridge to be a suburb name, and it is widely used in Canberra, even on some (though not most) official maps. It does not, however, have any official standing as a place name. There are other instances of estate names becoming de facto suburb names in Canberra, such as Gleneagles, in the suburb of Kambah, Harcourt Hill, in the suburb of Nicholls, and Swinger Hill in the suburb of Phillip. These are all discrete estates within larger suburbs, but none of these names have been officially gazetted by\n\nQuestion: Tell me what \u00c5sebakken Priory is.", "output": "\u00c5sebakken Priory, or the Priory of Our Lady of \u00c5sebakken, is a Benedictine monastery of nuns at Birker\u00f8d, about 20\u00a0km north of Copenhagen in Denmark."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Chicken Soup with Barley is a 1956 play by British playwright Arnold Wesker. It is the first of the 'Wesker trilogy' \u2013 being followed by Roots and I'm Talking About Jerusalem \u2013 and was first performed on stage in 1958 at the Belgrade Theatre in Coventry, transferring later that year to the Royal Court Theatre in London. It is considered to be an important play in the history of post-war British theatre, and one of the few English plays with a sympathetic portrayal of a communist family. The play is split into three acts, each with two scenes. It spans 20 years of the lives of the Jewish, immigrant Kahn family living in 1936 in London, and traces the downfall of their ideals in a changing world, parallel to the disintegration of the family. The protagonists are the parents, Sarah and Harry, and their children, Ada and Ronnie. They are\n\nZarb-i-Kalim (or The Rod of Moses; ) is a philosophical poetry book of Allama Iqbal in Urdu, a poet-philosopher of the Indian subcontinent. It was published in 1936, two years before his death. Introduction This is third collection of Allama Sir Muhammad Iqbal's poetry, which described as his political manifesto. It was published with the subtitle \"A Declaration of War Against the Present Times.\" Muhammad Iqbal who also known as \"Poet of the East\" argues that modern problems are due to the godlessness, materialism and injustice of modern civilisation, which feeds on the subjugation and exploitation of weak nations, especially the Indian Muslims. Editions Its first edition published in 1935 i.e. just three years before death of Allama Muhammad Iqbal, after that various editions published from Pakistan and India but most authentic edition is of Iqbal Academy Pakistan which published in 2002 from Lahore. See also Index of Muhammad Iqbal\u2013related\n\nA person's life stance, or lifestance, is their relation with what they accept as being of ultimate importance. It involves the presuppositions and theories upon which such a stance could be made, a belief system, and a commitment to potentials working it out in one's life. It connotes an integrated perspective on reality as a whole and how to assign valuations, thus being a concept similar or equivalent to that of a worldview; with the latter word (derived from the German ) being generally a more common and comprehensive term. Like the term worldview, the term life stance is a shared label encompassing both religious perspectives (for instance: \"a Buddhist life stance\" or \"a Christian life stance\" or \"a Pagan life stance\"), as well as non-religious spiritual or philosophical alternatives (for instance: \"a humanist life stance\" or \"a personist life stance\" or \"a Deep Ecology life stance\"), without discrimination in\n\nQuestion: What is The Rod of Moses?", "output": "Zarb-i-Kalim is a philosophical poetry book of Allama Iqbal in Urdu, a poet-philosopher of the Indian subcontinent."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Winsen an der Aller () or Winsen (Aller) is a town in the district of Celle in the German state of Lower Saxony. Geography Winsen has around 12,900 inhabitants and lies on the southern perimeter of the L\u00fcneburg Heath, on the banks of the Aller, somewhat to the west of its tributary, the \u00d6rtze and about 15 km northwest of Celle. As well as the town itself, the borough of Winsen also includes the villages of Bannetze, Mei\u00dfendorf, Stedden, S\u00fcdwinsen, Th\u00f6ren, Walle and Wolthausen. History The name of the town is derived from Wynhausen (Wyn = Weideland or meadow). Winsen's church is dedicated to John the Baptist. Because all villages with churches named after this patron saint appeared around 800 it is suspected that this was also when Winsen was founded. Today Winsen is a favourite local recreation and holiday area and, since 1975, has been recognised officially as a\n\nMatvei Konstantinovich Muranov (; 29 November 1873 \u2013 9 December 1959) was a Ukrainian Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician and statesman. Revolutionary beginnings Born in a peasant family in Rybtsy (now part of Poltava in Ukraine), Muranov moved to Kharkiv in 1900 and worked as a railroad worker. He joined the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP) in 1904 and became a member of the local party committee in 1907. In 1912 Muranov was elected to the 4th State Duma from the city of Kharkiv and became one of 6 Bolshevik deputies there. Muranov was the only Bolshevik deputy (the other one, Roman Malinovsky, was later exposed as a secret police agent) who voted to break away from the rival Menshevik faction of the RSDLP on 15 December 1912. After the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, Muranov and other Bolshevik deputies followed the lead\n\nLan\u00edn National Park () is a national park of Argentina, located in the Neuqu\u00e9n Province, with forests of diverse tree varieties, mainly Fagaceae and conifers such as the lenga and the Araucaria, many species of which are not found elsewhere in Argentina. The park contains the Lan\u00edn volcano, and the Huechulafquen, Alumin\u00e9, and L\u00e1car lakes among other attractions. Sport fishing of salmon and trout is practiced in the lakes and the numerous rivers and streams. The animal life of the park is similar to the southern Nahuel Huapi National Park. The city of San Mart\u00edn de los Andes on the shore of Lake L\u00e1car serves as hub for tourists visiting the park, as well as to skiers visiting the nearby Chapelco ski centre. Climate The park mostly has a moist temperate climate (except at the higher altitudes). Mean temperatures range from in winter to in summer. Mean annual precipitation is\n\nQuestion: Define Lan\u00edn National Park.", "output": "Lan\u00edn National Park is a national park of Argentina, located in the Neuqu\u00e9n Province, with forests of diverse tree varieties, mainly Fagaceae and conifers such as the lenga and the Araucaria, many species of which are not found elsewhere in Argentina."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jes\u00fas Miguel Roll\u00e1n Prada (4 April 1968 \u2013 11 March 2006) was a water polo goalkeeper from Spain who was a member of the national team that won the gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. Four years earlier, when Barcelona hosted the Summer Olympics, he was on the squad that captured the silver medal. Born in Madrid, Roll\u00e1n competed in five Summer Olympics, starting in 1988. He is among four Spanish water polo players, all in the 1992 and 1996 medal winning teams, to have competed at five Olympics, the others being Manuel Estiarte, Chiqui Sans and Chava Gomez. Roll\u00e1n is the first water polo goalkeeper of either gender to compete at five Olympics. He was also known as a close friend of Infanta Cristina, whom he introduced to her future husband I\u00f1aki Urdangarin. On 11 March 2006, three weeks and three days before his 38th\n\nAmrithaghateswarar Abhirami Temple (also called Abhirami temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva in his manifestation as Kalantaka and his wife Parvati as Abhirami. There is a Shrine for Maha Vishnu as Amrithanarayana and his consort Mahalakshmi as Amrithavalli. It is located in Thirukkadaiyur (Thirukkadavur), 21 km East of Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu in India. This temple is associated with the legend of Shiva saving his young devotee, Markendeya from death, and the tale of a saint, Abirami Pattar a devotee of the presiding goddess. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil saint poets known as the nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam. The temple complex covers 10 acres and has two gateway towers known as gopurams. The tallest is the eastern tower, with 11 stories and a height of . The temple has numerous shrines, with those\n\nRichard Garnet Rowland (born February 25, 1964) is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a backup catcher for the Detroit Tigers and the Boston Red Sox from 1990 to 1995. In addition to catching, he also played sparsely as a designated hitter, first baseman, third baseman, and pinch runner (although appearing only as a pinch runner in a game does not count as a game played). Prior to playing professional baseball, Rowland attended Mendocino College in nearby Ukiah, California. He also had a longer career in minor league baseball on and off from 1988 to 1997, where he even served as a pitcher in three games. Minor leagues Born in Cloverdale, California, Rowland played for minor league baseball for a total of nine seasons from 1988 to 1997; he did not play in the minor leagues in 1994. He played for the minor\n\nQuestion: Who is Rich Rowland", "output": "Richard Garnet Rowland is an American former professional baseball player."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The DCBL Stadium (historically known as Lowerhouse Lane and Naughton Park) is a multi-purpose rugby league, football and American football stadium in Widnes, Cheshire, England. It is the home of Rugby League side Widnes Vikings of the Betfred Championship, football team Widnes Football Club of the Northern Premier League who play their home games at the stadium, and also the American football side Halton Spartans of the BAFA National Leagues, the Halton Spartans having competed in the BAFANL national American football league since 2015. The stadium is all seater and has a total capacity of 13,350. During the 2011 Super League Season, St. Helens played their home games at the stadium. From 2013 to 2018 the Stadium was home to Everton Ladies and Liverpool Ladies. Since 2013 the stadium has also been used as the venue for the Drum Corps United Kingdom \"British Drum Corps Championships\". History Widnes Football Club\n\nJoseph Highmore (13 June 16923 March 1780) was an English painter of portraits, conversation pieces and history subjects, illustrator and author. After retiring from his career as a painter at the age of 70, he published art historical and critical articles. Life Highmore was born in London, the third son of Edward Highmore, a coal merchant, and nephew of Thomas Highmore, Serjeant Painter to William III. He displayed early his ability in art but was discouraged by his family from taking up art professionally, and began a legal training instead. At the ending of a clerkship at the age of 17 (during which he continued to attend a drawing academy run by Godfrey Kneller and lectures on anatomy by William Cheselden), he abandoned his law career and started to work as a portrait painter in London. From 1720 he attended the St Martin\u2019s Lane Academy, where he was exposed to\n\nSl\u00e6ttanes (pronounced ) is a village on the island of V\u00e1gar in the western Faroes, which is now abandoned and only used as summer homes. Sl\u00e6ttanes, like the also-abandoned village of V\u00edkar, is on the northern coast of the island. It was founded in 1835 by a man named Hendrik Thomasen and belonged to the municipality of Sandav\u00e1gur in the south. During its best years (1945 to 1950) around 130 people lived in the village, but the average population was around 70. There were 12 houses in Sl\u00e6ttanes. However, in 1965 the last inhabitants left the community because of its relatively isolated location. A road was never built to Sl\u00e6ttanes, but there are many trails there. One goes to Sandav\u00e1gur in the southeast, another to S\u00f8rv\u00e1gur to the south, and yet another goes west to G\u00e1sadalur. In the village itself there are no streets or discernible paths. The houses stand\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Joseph Highmore is.", "output": "Joseph Highmore was an English painter of portraits, conversation pieces and history subjects, illustrator and author."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Laon-Couvron Air Base is a former French and United States Air Force base in France. It is located in the Aisne d\u00e9partement of France, less than one mile southeast of the village of Couvron and 6 miles northwest of Laon; on the southwest side of the Autoroute des Anglais (A26 autoroute) 1 Mile (1.6 km) east of the village of Couvron-et-Aumencourt. After 1967, the facility was a French Army Arm\u00e9e de Terre station, renaming the base Quartier Mangin sur l'ancienne base de Couvron. From 1980 to 2012 it was the home of the 1st Marine Artillery Regiment (1er R\u00e9giment d'Artillerie de Marine (1er RAMa)). History The location was used for the first time for aviation purposes at the end of the First World War, when the Germans built an airstrip for defending the Paris Gun. The facility was re-established in 1938 as a French Air Force grass airdrome named \"Laon-Chambry\".\n\nHuisduinen () is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Den Helder, and lies about 2 km west of Den Helder. History The village was first mentioned between 918 and 948 as Husidina, and means \"house in the dunes\". A settlement more westwards had been known to exist in 866, but was lost in the sea in 1170. The second settlement disappeared in 1570. The current settlement was built around a 1574 sconce. In 1610, a dike was constructed to Callantsoog and Huisduinen was no longer an island. The town of Den Helder started to outgrow Huisduinen. In 1672, the Battle of Texel (1672) which is named \"Battle of Kijkduin\" in Dutch took place near the village. The Dutch Reformed church is an aisleless church from 1851. Between 1895 and 1896, the church was extensively remodelled. The church contains a\n\nThe Washington Theological Consortium is an ecumenical organization of Christian theological schools and interfaith partners located in Washington, DC, Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Members cooperate to deepen ecumenical unity in theological education and to broaden interfaith dialogue and understanding and to prepare both clergy and laity with skills they need to minister in a diverse church and society. The Consortium is one of the most diverse of its kind in the nation, as it includes Roman and Byzantine Catholic traditions, mainline Protestants, Evangelicals, and Historic Black Divinity schools; with partners in spiritual formation, Jewish, and Islamic education. A student enrolled at the master's level or above at a member institution may cross-register into courses offered by other member schools. In addition, a student or faculty member of one member institution may use and borrow from other institutions' libraries. Students (and members of the public) may also enroll in one of\n\nQuestion: What is Quartier Mangin?", "output": "Laon-Couvron Air Base is a former French and United States Air Force base in France."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jang Woo-hyuk (Hangul: \uc7a5\uc6b0\ud601; Hanja: \u5f35\u4f51\u8d6b; born May 8, 1978) is a South Korean singer and rapper. He debuted in 1996 as a member of the best-selling K-pop boy band H.O.T. After the band broke up due to a contract dispute, Jang and two other former members formed the boy band jtL, which was active from 2001 to 2003. Jang also released two full-length albums and two extended plays as a solo artist. He is the founder of talent agency WH Entertainment. H.O.T. As a member of H.O.T. he was known for being a dancer of the group, and was known for his strong vocal screams in his rap. His nicknames have been \"Hammer Boy\" for his famous hammer dance from H.O.T.s debut single; Candy. Another well-known nickname of him was \"tough guy\". When H.O.T disbanded in 2001, Woo Hyuk and two other H.O.T members; Tony An and Lee Jae\n\nThe Sofia Synagogue (, Sofiyska sinagoga) is the largest synagogue in Southeastern Europe, one of two functioning in Bulgaria (with the other one in Plovdiv) and the third-largest in Europe. Constructed for the needs of the Bulgarian capital Sofia's mainly Sephardic Jewish community after a project by the Austrian architect Friedrich Gr\u00fcnanger, it resembles the old Moorish Leopoldst\u00e4dter Tempel in Vienna and was officially opened on 9 September 1909 in the presence of King Ferdinand I of Bulgaria. The first preparations for the synagogue's construction date to 1903, while the construction itself had begun on 13 November 1905. The construction of a grand new synagogue was part of the reorganization efforts of the Bulgarian Jewish community under Lemberg-born Chief Rabbi Marcus Ehrenpreis and local leaders Ezra Tadjer and Avram Davidjon Levy. Prior to the construction of the new synagogue, the lot in central Sofia had been occupied by an older\n\nThe Ninoy Aquino Stadium is an indoor sporting arena located in the Rizal Memorial Sports Complex in Manila, Philippines. Originally built in the 1950s, it was renovated and renamed for Philippine senator Benigno S. Aquino Jr. in 1989. History Ninoy Aquino Stadium was originally built in the 1950s as an open-air stadium, in time for the 1954 Asian Games. By the 1980s, it had been converted into an indoor arena named Rizal Multi-Purpose Arena, in time for the 1989 ABC Under-18 Championships, which opened on January 24, 1989. At the opening of the tournament, it was renamed Ninoy Aquino Stadium and a marker dedicating the arena was unveiled. The renovation included new chairs and a new scoring system from South Korea installed by Korean technicians. It also hosted the volleyball tournament of the 1991 Southeast Asian Games, the table tennis competitions of the 2005 Southeast Asian Games and the 2013\n\nQuestion: What is Ninoy Aquino Stadium", "output": "The Ninoy Aquino Stadium is an indoor sporting arena located in the Rizal Memorial Sports Complex in Manila, Philippines."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lieutenant General Gerard Corfield Bucknall, (14 September 1894 \u2013 7 December 1980) was a senior British Army officer who served in both the First and Second World Wars. He is most notable for being the commander of XXX Corps during the Normandy landings and the subsequent Battle of Normandy which followed in the summer of 1944. Early life and First World War Gerard Bucknall was born on 14 September 1894 in Rock Ferry, Cheshire, England, the son of Harry Corfield Bucknall and Alice Frederica Oakshotta. He was educated at Repton School and West Downs School. Entering the Royal Military College, Sandhurst in 1913, Bucknall was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Middlesex Regiment on 25 February 1914. During the First World War Bucknall, promoted to the temporary rank of lieutenant on 5 October 1914 (made permanent on 11 December 1914), served with the 1st Battalion, Middlesex in France and\n\nAnthony Mabron Burton (March 23, 1937 \u2013 February 25, 2016) was an American actor and boxer. He was known for his role as Tony \"Duke\" Evers in the Rocky films. Early life Burton was born in Flint, Michigan. He had a younger sister named Loretta. A Flint Northern High School graduate, he was a Michigan Golden Gloves heavyweight boxing champion and two-time all-state football player. At Northern, he played halfback. In 1954, he scored 13 touchdowns and led his team in scoring. Many of his scoring runs were of 50 yards or more. He gained 820 yards rushing that year, and one of his runs was for 95 yards. That same year, he was selected to the first teams of the All City and All Valley teams as a halfback. He was also chosen as an All State honorable mention. He was the team's co-captain and Most Valuable Player. Burton\n\nThe peaceful dove (Geopelia placida) is a pigeon native to Australia and New Guinea. The peaceful dove is closely related to the zebra dove of south-east Asia and the barred dove of eastern Indonesia. Until recently, the three were classed as a single species, Geopelia striata, known as peaceful dove or zebra dove. Description The bird is a relatively small pigeon and varies in length from 19 to 21 centimetres (7.6 to 8.4 inches). The peaceful dove has a pink-grey breast with chequered grey-brown wings. Thin striations of black appear around the neck and nape area and descend down the back. The eye is greyish-white and a blue-grey ring surrounds the eye that tapers off and joins the beak/cere. The juveniles are paler and less striated. They also have a duller eye ring. The nape is similar to that of the bar-shouldered dove in that the nape feathers are striated\n\nQuestion: What's Peaceful dove?", "output": "The peaceful dove is a pigeon native to Australia and New Guinea."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Turkish archery () is a tradition of archery which became highly developed in the Ottoman Empire, although its origins date back to the Eurasian Steppe in the second millennium BC. Traditional Turkish archery has been inscribed on the Representative list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage of UNESCO in 2019. History From the decline of military archery after the Battle of Lepanto, mainly flight archery was practiced, and Turkish bowyers specialized in weapons which were particularly good for imparting high velocity to very light arrows. The sport of archery declined gradually until the reign of Mahmud II who made great efforts to revive it. He also ordered his archery student, Mustafa Kani, to write a book about the history, construction, and use of these bows, from which comes most of what is now known of Turkish bowyery. In\n\nA naming collision is a circumstance where two or more identifiers in a given namespace or a given scope cannot be unambiguously resolved, and such unambiguous resolution is a requirement of the underlying system. Example: XML element names In XML, element names can be originated and changed to reflect the type of information contained in the document. This level of flexibility may cause problems if separate documents encode different kinds of information, but use the same identifiers for the element names. For example, the following sample document defines the basic semantics for a \"person\" document and a \"book\" document. Both of these use a \"title\" element, but the meaning is not the same: <root> <person> <fname>Nancy</fname> <lname>Davolio</lname> <title>Dr.</title> <age>29</age> </person> <book> <title>Harry Potter And The Cursed Child</title> <isbn>ABCD1234567</isbn> </book> </root> For an application to allow a user to correctly query for and retrieve the \"title\" element, it must provide a\n\nStrange Cargo III is the fourth album by electronic instrumentalist William Orbit. It is the third in a series of similarly titled albums: Strange Cargo, Strange Cargo II and Strange Cargo Hinterland. The album was performed, produced and mixed by William Orbit at Guerilla Studios, London. Mark Rutherford and Sugar J co-performed \"Deus Ex Machina\" with William Orbit, with Rutherford also co-writing the song. Rico Conning contributed flexible bleeps and roadhouse piano on \"Time to get Wize\", spiky piano and strings on \"The Story of Light\" and additional programming on \"A Touch of the Night\". The album was featured in 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Track listing \"Water from a Vine Leaf\" (vocals: Beth Orton) \u2013 7:05 \"Into the Paradise\" (vocals: Baby B) \u2013 5:41 \"Time to get Wize\" (vocals: Divine Bashim) \u2013 4:10 \"Harry Flowers\" \u2013 4:31 \"A Touch of the Night\" (vocals: Cleo Torres) \u2013\n\nQuestion: What's Turkish archery?", "output": "Turkish archery is a tradition of archery which became highly developed in the Ottoman Empire, although its origins date back to the Eurasian Steppe in the second millennium BC."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Munib Shahid (1908\u20131973) was Chairman of Hematology and Oncology at the Faculty of Medicine of the American University of Beirut. He built the hematology laboratory at the Faculty of Medicine, a development that increased research output significantly. The Dr. Munib Shahid Award is presented annually at the American University of Beirut to the fourth year medical student demonstrating the best performance in internal medicine and a mature character. Munib Shahid was born in 1908 in Acre, Palestine to a prominent Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed lineage. He was the great-grandson of Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h, the founder-prophet of the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed Faith. His parents were Jalal, an Afn\u00e1n, and R\u00fa\u1e25\u00e1, a daughter of \u02bbAbdu'l-Bah\u00e1. His paternal grandfather was Muhammad-Hasan, titled \"King of the Martyrs\". In 1944, he married Serene Husseini according to the Muslem rites. She was related to the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, an enemy of the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00eds. Shoghi Effendi, Munib's cousin and then head of the\n\nThe Nightcliff Football Club, nicknamed, Tigers, is a member club of the Northern Territory Football League, and is based in the Darwin suburb of Nightcliff. Club achievements note: Nightcliff finished on top in the 1974/75 season after when it got cancelled after Round 11. History The club was formed in 1950. It was formally known as Working & Housing. Michael McLean was coach in 2005/06. Steve Easton was coach for the 2006/07 season. Nightcliff Football Club has competed in the NTFL competition in Darwin, Northern Territory since it entered as the Works & Housing team in 1950. The Home and Away season commences in October with Finals played in March the following year. The Club has its own home ground at the Nightcliff Oval (Darwin Mazda Oval) situated adjacent to the Nightcliff Sports Club. Games are also played at Darwin's TIO Marrara Stadium and various other club home grounds. The\n\nStuart Bingham (born 21 May 1976) is an English professional snooker player who is a former World Champion and Masters winner. Bingham won the 1996 World Amateur Championship but enjoyed little sustained success in the early part of his professional career. His form improved in his mid-thirties: at age 35, he won his first ranking title at the 2011 Australian Goldfields Open, which helped him enter the top 16 in the rankings for the first time. At 38, Bingham won the 2015 World Championship, defeating Shaun Murphy 18\u201315 in the final. The oldest first-time world champion in snooker history, he was the second player, after Ken Doherty, to have won world titles at both amateur and professional levels. His world title took him to a career-high number two in the world rankings, a spot he held until March 2017. He won his second Triple Crown title at the 2020 Masters,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Nightcliff Football Club is.", "output": "The Nightcliff Football Club, nicknamed, Tigers, is a member club of the Northern Territory Football League, and is based in the Darwin suburb of Nightcliff."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Josepha Sherman (December 12, 1946 \u2013 August 23, 2012) was an American author, folklorist, and anthologist. In 1990 she won the Compton Crook Award for the novel The Shining Falcon. Works Series Buffyverse Visitors (1999) (with Laura Anne Gilman) Deep Water (2000) (with Laura Anne Gilman) Find Your Fate Junior Transformers 9. The Invisibility Factor (1986) Bardic Choices (with Mercedes Lackey) 1. A Cast of Corbies (1994) Prince of the Sidhe 1. The Shattered Oath (1995) 2. Forging the Runes (1996) Novels Golden Girl and the Crystal of Doom (1986) The Shining Falcon (1989) -- based on the Russian fairy tale The Feather of Finist the Falcon The Horse of Flame (1990) Child of Faerie, Child of Earth (1992) - based on the French fairy tale Graciosa and Percinet A Strange and Ancient Name (1992) Windleaf (1993) Gleaming Bright (1994) King's Son, Magic's Son (1994) -- based on the Child\n\nBlock Truncation Coding (BTC) is a type of lossy image compression technique for greyscale images. It divides the original images into blocks and then uses a quantizer to reduce the number of grey levels in each block whilst maintaining the same mean and standard deviation. It is an early predecessor of the popular hardware DXTC technique, although BTC compression method was first adapted to color long before DXTC using a very similar approach called Color Cell Compression. BTC has also been adapted to video compression. BTC was first proposed by Professors Mitchell and Delp at Purdue University. Another variation of BTC is Absolute Moment Block Truncation Coding or AMBTC, in which instead of using the standard deviation the first absolute moment is preserved along with the mean. AMBTC is computationally simpler than BTC and also typically results in a lower Mean Squared Error (MSE). AMBTC was proposed by Maximo Lema\n\nAdrian Williams (born 16 August 1971) is a former Wales international footballer and former Didcot Town manager. He now presents the sports coverage on BBC Radio Berkshire. Club career Reading Born in Reading, Williams started his career with Reading, making his first appearance in the 1991\u201392 season. This first spell at Reading saw him established as a firm fans favourite. His talent and youth saw him play in every position for The Royals, from centre-forward to emergency goalkeeper, wearing every shirt number from 1\u201311, plus both substitute numbers 12 and 14, in the process. He was a regular in the side that missed out on promotion to the Premier League, eventually losing to Bolton Wanderers in the 1994\u201395 First Division Play-off Final at Wembley. Williams had scored the second goal in that game, giving them a 2\u20130 lead in the first half, before two late goals saw Bolton draw level\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Josepha Sherman is.", "output": "Josepha Sherman was an American author, folklorist, and anthologist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Iron Range Yellow Jackets were a Junior \"B\" ice hockey team from Coleraine, Minnesota, United States. This defunct hockey team was a part of the Minnesota Junior Hockey League and an interleague member of the Junior \"A\" Superior International Junior Hockey League. History The Yellow Jackets played in the MNJHL from 1999 until 2002. Iron Range won the regular season title and playoff championship all three seasons. During their first two seasons the Yellow Jackets played home games at Hodgins-Berardo Arena in Coleraine. Iron Range played in two USA Hockey Junior B National Tournament championship games, coming up just short both times. The Jackets attempted to win the title in their first season, but lost in overtime to the Ventura Mariners 5-4. In 2000-01 the Yellow Jackets traveled to the east coast and again were a goal short, losing to 5-4 to the Connecticut Clippers. During that final 2001-02\n\nOdorico Raynaldi or Rinaldi (1595 \u2013 22 January 1671) was an Italian historian and Oratorian. He is also known as Odericus Raynaldus, or just Raynald. Biography Raynaldi was born at Treviso of a patrician family and studied at Parma and Padua. He joined the Oratorians in Rome, where he was twice elected superior-general of his congregation. He was offered the direction of the Vatican library by Innocent X, but declined the position. He died at Rome on 22 January 1671. Raynaldi's major work was the continuation of the Annales Ecclesiastici of Baronius, extending it from 1198 to 1565 and including reproductions of numerous original documents. This was published at Rome, 1646-77; he also published excerpts in Latin and Italian both from the work of Baronius and his own continuation of it. The Catholic Encyclopedia criticizes his work for \"inaccurate chronological data and lack of criticism\", while valuing the primary sources\n\nWing Commander Donald Roderick MacLaren (28 May 1893 \u2013 4 July 1988) was a Canadian World War I flying ace. He was credited with 54 victories and, after the war, helped found the Royal Canadian Air Force. Biography Donald MacLaren was born in Ottawa but his family moved first to Calgary in 1899, then to Vancouver in 1911. In 1912 MacLaren went to Montreal to study at McGill University. In 1914 an illness forced him to abandon his studies and he returned to Vancouver. After recovering MacLaren, his father and his brother opened a fur trading post at a remote point on the Peace River. While there MacLaren learned to speak Cree. In 1916 the family gave up the trading post to help in the war effort. MacLaren's father was not allowed to join the army so he got a job with the Imperial Munitions Board. His sons did enlist\n\nQuestion: Who was Odorico Raynaldi?", "output": "Odorico Raynaldi or Rinaldi was an Italian historian and Oratorian."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Suillus luteus is a bolete fungus, and the type species of the genus Suillus. A common fungus native all across Eurasia from Ireland to Korea, it has been introduced widely elsewhere, including North and South America, southern Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Commonly referred to as slippery jack or sticky bun in English-speaking countries, its names refer to the brown cap, which is characteristically slimy in wet conditions. The fungus, initially described as Boletus luteus (\"yellow mushroom\") by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, is now classified in a different fungus family as well as genus. Suillus luteus (literally \"yellow pig\", from its greasy look in rain) is edible, though not as highly regarded as other bolete mushrooms. It is commonly prepared and eaten in soups, stews or fried dishes. The slime coating, however, may cause indigestion if not removed before eating. It is often sold as a dried mushroom. The fungus\n\nNanaya (Sumerian , DNA.NA.A; also transcribed as \"Nan\u0101y\", \"Nanaja\", \"Nan\u0101ja\", '\"Nan\u0101ya\", or \"Nanai\"; antiquated transcription: \"Nan\u00e2\"; in Greek: \u039d\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1 or \u039d\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1; Aramaic: \u05e0\u05e0\u05f1\u05e0\u05e0\u05d0\u05f1; Syriac: \u0722\u0722\u071d) was a Mesopotamian goddess of love, closely associated with Inanna. While she is well attested in Mesopotamian textual sources from many periods, from the times of the Third Dynasty of Ur to the conquest of Babylonia by the Achaemenids and beyond, and was among the most commonly worshipped goddesses through much of Mesopotamian history, both her origin and the meaning of her name are unknown. It has been proposed that she originated either as a minor Akkadian goddess or as a hypostasis of Sumerian Inanna, but the evidence is inconclusive. Her primary role was that of a goddess of love, and she was associated with eroticism and sensuality, though she was also a patron of lovers, including rejected or betrayed ones. Especially in early scholarship\n\nMilton Keynes Development Corporation (MKDC) was a development corporation operating from 1967 to 1992 oversee the planning and early development of Milton Keynes, then a planned new town midway between London and Birmingham. Establishment MKDC was established on 23 January 1967 to provide the vision and execution of a \"new city\" that would be the modern interpretation of the garden city movement concepts first expressed by Ebenezer Howard 60 years earlier. Situated in the north of Buckinghamshire near the borders with Northamptonshire and Bedfordshire, it would be a \"city in the trees\"the planning guideline for residential areas outside Central Milton Keynes was \"no building higher than the highest tree\" at a time when multi-storey flats and office blocks were dominating the redevelopment of most inner city areas and many large towns. The aims that MKDC set out in The Plan for Milton Keynes implied that the designers would learn from\n\nQuestion: What is Suillus luteus?", "output": "Suillus luteus is a bolete fungus, and the type species of the genus Suillus."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) is an aqueous extract of blood cells (amoebocytes) from the Atlantic horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. LAL reacts with bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a membrane component of gram-negative bacteria. This reaction is the basis of the LAL test, which is widely used for the detection and quantification of bacterial endotoxins. In Asia, a similar Tachypleus amebocyte lysate (TAL) test based on the local horseshoe crabs Tachypleus gigas or Tachypleus tridentatus is occasionally used instead. The recombinant factor C (rFC) assay is a replacement of LAL/TAL based on a similar reaction. Background The American medical researcher Fred Bang reported in 1956 that gram-negative bacteria, even if killed, will cause the blood of the horseshoe crab to turn into a semi-solid mass. It was later recognized that the animal's blood cells, mobile cells called amoebocytes, contain granules with a clotting factor known as coagulogen; this is released\n\n\u0160entjernej ( or ; in older sources also \u0160ent Jernej, ) is a small town in southeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of \u0160entjernej. It lies in the center of the \u0160entjernej Plain (), which is part of the larger Krka Flat (). The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola. It is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. Church The parish church, from which the town also gets its name, is dedicated to Saint Bartholomew () and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Novo Mesto. It is a Baroque building with remains of two earlier churches, one Romanesque from the 12th century and the other a 15th-century Gothic one, preserved in the floor of the current building. Two 18th-century side altars were brought to the church from the Cistercian monastery at Kostanjevica. Twin towns \u2014 sister cities \u0160entjernej is twinned\n\nThe University of Technology of Compi\u00e8gne (, UTC) is a public research university located in Compi\u00e8gne, France. The university has both the status of public university and grande \u00e9cole. It was founded in 1972 as the first experimental Institute of Technology in France. The university is a founding member of Sorbonne University Association, a group composed of French leading academic and research institutions, which alumni and faculty include 19 Nobel laureates and 7 Fields Medalists. A fundamental principle of the UTC is the education of both engineers and citizens inspired by humanist philosophy. Beyond an education in basic sciences (e.g. Mathematics, theoretical physics) and engineering sciences (e.g. thermodynamics, polymer physics), the curriculum also has a strong emphasise on humanities and social sciences (e.g. philosophy, history of science and engineering, journalism). The overarching goal is to form humanist scientists and technologists capable of solving problems within a conscious and ethical framework\n\nQuestion: Define University of Technology of Compi\u00e8gne.", "output": "The University of Technology of Compi\u00e8gne is a public research university located in Compi\u00e8gne, France."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In linguistics, an affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form. The main two categories are derivational and inflectional affixes. The first ones, such as -un, -ation, anti-, pre- etc, introduce a semantic change to the word they are attached to. The latter ones introduce a syntactic change, such as singular into plural (e.g. -(e)s), or present simple tense into present continuous or past tense by adding -ing, -ed to a word. All of them are bound morphemes by definition; prefixes and suffixes may be separable affixes. Adfixes, infixes and their variations Changing a word by adding a morpheme at its beginning is called prefixation, in the middle is called infixation, and at the end is called suffixation. Prefix and suffix may be subsumed under the term adfix, in contrast to infix. When marking text for interlinear glossing, as\n\nNarciso Jesus Rodriguez III (; born January 27, 1961) is an American fashion designer. Early life and education Rodriguez was born in Newark, New Jersey, the eldest child and only son of Cuban parents. His parents, Narciso Rodr\u00edguez Sanchez II, a longshoreman, and Rawedia Mar\u00eda Rodr\u00edguez. His paternal grandfather was born on the Canary Islands. He graduated from St. Cecilias High School in 1979, a small Catholic school in Kearny, New Jersey. He studied at the New School in New York City, at their art and design college, Parsons The New School for Design. His parents were against Narciso entering fashion. Career Rodriguez performed freelance design work in New York before becoming Women\u2019s Design Director for the Anne Klein label, then later working for Calvin Klein. His first major attention came in 1996 when he designed the wedding dress of fellow Calvin Klein employee Carolyn Bessette for her wedding to\n\nCain's Cutthroats is a 1971 western-themed exploitation film. It is a story of brutality, betrayal, and revenge set in the period immediately following the end of the American Civil War. The film was released under the alternate titles Cain's Way, The Blood Seekers, and Justice Cain. It stars John Carradine, Scott Brady, Darwin Joston, Robert Dix, Tereza Thaw, and Adair Jameson. Plot After the end of the Civil War, Confederate army captain Justice Cain (Scott Brady) retires from the military. He becomes a farmer and lives a peaceful life with his son, Jody (by his deceased first wife) and his new wife, Angie (Tereza Thaw), the biracial ex-slave of Cain's former father-in-law. Unbeknownst to Cain, a group of six soldiers previously under Cain's command (and known as \"Cain's Cutthroats\"), Ameson (Robert Dix), Billy-Joe (Darwin Joston), Tucker (Bruce Kimbale), Farrette (Don Epperson), Mason, and Crawford, has recently been released from a\n\nQuestion: Define Cain's Cutthroats.", "output": "Cain's Cutthroats is a 1971 western-themed exploitation film."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jouy-en-Josas () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the \u00cele-de-France region in Northern France. It is located in the southwestern outer suburbs of Paris, from the centre of Paris, on the departmental border with Essonne. In 2019, it had a population of 8,049. Jouy-en-Josas is home to the main campus of HEC School of Management (HEC Paris). Geography Jouy-en-Josas is four kilometres to the south-east of Versailles, and 19r km to the south-west of Paris, in the middle of the valley of the Bi\u00e8vre river. A town with nearly eight thousand inhabitants, half of Jouy-en-Josas is covered by forest. The communes that surround Jouy-en-Josas are V\u00e9lizy-Villacoublay, to the north-east, Bi\u00e8vres to the east, Saclay to the south, Toussus-le-Noble to the extreme south-west, Les Loges-en-Josas to the west, Buc to the north-west and Versailles to the north-north-west. History Jouy is a direct translation of Latin gaudium, both meaning \"joy\".\n\nHola Mohalla (Gurmukhi: \u0a39\u0a4b\u0a32\u0a3e-\u0a2e\u0a39\u0a71\u0a32\u0a3e h\u014dl\u0101 muhal\u0101), also called Hola, is a three-day long Sikh festival which normally falls in March. It takes place on the second day of the lunar month of Chett, usually a day after the Hindu spring festival Holi but sometimes, coincides with it. Hola Mohalla is a big festive event for Sikhs around the world. The fair held during Holi and Hola at Anandpur Sahib is traditionally a three-day event but participants attend Anandpur Sahib for a week, camping out and enjoying various displays of fighting prowess and bravery, and listening to kirtan, music and poetry. For meals, which is an integral part of the Sikh institution (Gurdwara), visitors sit together in Pangats (Queues) and eat lacto-vegetarian food of the Langars. The event concludes on the day of Hola Mohalla with a long, \"military-style\" procession near Takht Kesgarh Sahib, one of the five seats of temporal\n\nJoseph Pilato (March 16, 1949 \u2013 March 24, 2019) was an American film and voice actor. He was perhaps best known for his performance as Captain Rhodes in the 1985 film Day of the Dead. Early life He was born in Fitchburg in 1949 to an Italian-American family. His father was a professional trombonist with the Les Brown Orchestra. Joseph was enrolled into Catholic school and became an altar boy, where his talent for acting was developed. Career Day of the Dead and success In 1984, six years after the release of Dawn of the Dead, director George A. Romero was planning a new zombie film called Day of the Dead. Pilato had appeared as a cameo in Dawn of the Dead as a police officer, which had been his first feature film role. Pilato was selected to play United States Army Captain Rhodes. He is best known for this\n\nQuestion: What's Hola Mohalla?", "output": "Hola Mohalla, also called Hola, is a three-day long Sikh festival which normally falls in March."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Darraweit Guim is a Victorian locality, situated on Deep Creek, on the edge of the Shire of Macedon Ranges near the shire's boundary with the Shire of Mitchell. In 1992 the town had an approximate population of 300 with approximately 120 homes and a local school overseeing 51 students. Next to the school are the three local tennis courts which are regularly used. Up the hill is the Town Hall, Churches and CFA which protects the area. Platypus can be spotted in the local creek, and wombats also have burrows in the river banks. Naming It is thought by some that Darraweit Guim means \"where 3 creeks meet\" in a local Aboriginal language. Another legend has it that \"Darraweit' means the meeting and \"Guim\" means the turn which the course of the water makes in the township. Which legend is correct no one is sure, but according to the Postal\n\nThe superachromat or superachromatic lens was first conceived and developed by Maximilian Herzberger as the ultimate well-corrected lens. The color shift curve of a superachromat is a quartic, meaning that in theory four separate colors can be brought to focus in the same plane, while simultaneously correcting spherical aberration and field aberrations. This near-perfect correction of chromatic aberration is highly beneficial in film and digital multi-spectral photography, as a superachromat can focus near-infrared energy in the 0.7 to 1.0 micrometer wavelength band in the same focal plane as visible light, eliminating the need for refocusing. Unfortunately, due to the limited selection of optical glasses and partial dispersion properties, superachromats must be manufactured with costly fluorite glasses and to very tight tolerances. See also Photographic lens Achromat Apochromat References Herzberger, M., and N. McClure, The design of superachromatic lenses, Appl. Opt. 2, pp. 553\u2013560 (June 1963). N. v. d. W. Lessing,\n\nBrit\u00e2nia is a municipality in northwestern Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. The population was 5,797 (2020) in a total area of 1461.2 km2. Municipal boundaries Municipal boundaries: North: Aruan\u00e3 South: Jussara East: Itapirapu\u00e3 and Aruan\u00e3 West: the state of Mato Grosso Highway connections A paved highway connects Brit\u00e2nia with Santa F\u00e9 de Goi\u00e1s and Jussara. Connections with Goi\u00e2nia are made by highways GO-060 / Trindade / Claudin\u00e1polis / GO-326 / Anicuns / Sanclerl\u00e2ndia / Novo Brasil / GO-324 / Jussara / BR-070 / Nova Trindade / GO-173. The main rivers are the Vermelho and the Araguaia. There are also several lakes, like the Tigrinho, A\u00e7ar\u00e1 and the most important for tourist purposes, the Lago dos Tigres, which is used for fishing, water sports and swimming. Demographic and political data Population density in 2003: 3.47 inhabitants/km2 Population growth rate 2000-2007: -0.57% Urban population in 2007: 4,085 Rural population in 2007: 988 Eligible voters:\n\nQuestion: What is Superachromat?", "output": "The superachromat or superachromatic lens was first conceived and developed by Maximilian Herzberger as the ultimate well-corrected lens."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Philadelphia State Hospital at Byberry was a psychiatric hospital located on either side of Roosevelt Boulevard (US Route 1) in Northeast Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was specifically located in the Somerton section of the city on the border with Bucks County. The name of the institution was changed several times during its history being variously named Philadelphia State Hospital, Byberry State Hospital, Byberry City Farms, and the Philadelphia Hospital for Mental Diseases. It was home to people ranging from the mentally challenged to the criminally insane. The primary buildings were constructed between 1907 and the mid-1920s, and the newer buildings were constructed between 1940 and 1953. The facility included over fifty buildings such as male and female dormitories, an infirmary, kitchens, laundry, administration, a chapel, and a morgue. The hospital's population grew rapidly, quickly exceeding its capacity; the peak patient population was over 7,000 in 1960. Several investigations into the\n\nTaake () is a Norwegian black metal band from Bergen, formed in 1993 and originally named Thule. The band's one continuous member is Hoest, who writes all and records most of the music. He has released seven full-length albums and several EPs. The band describes itself as \"True Norwegian black metal\", and Hoest said that he wants to \"awaken national pride and cultural nostalgia in my Norwegian listeners\" as well as to remind people \"that Hell is right here on Earth and that humans can be demons\". All lyrics are in Hoest's native dialect and are printed in Norse runes. Taake is the old spelling of the Norwegian word t\u00e5ke, meaning \"fog\". History Early demos In 1993, \u00d8rjan Stedjeberg (then known as 'Ulvhedin'), formed the first version of the band Taake under the name Thule, together with drummer 'Svartulv'. Thule released two demos, Der vinterstormene raste in 1993 and Omfavnet\n\nHavana Blues (Habana Blues) is a 2005 Spanish and Cuban film by Benito Zambrano which tells the story of two young musicians in Cuba. The film revolves around their music and contains criticism of problems in Cuba such as poverty and electricity outages. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival. The two musicians, Ruy and Tito (Yoel and San Mart\u00edn), whose music is a mix of traditional Cuban music and more modern music such as rap, get a chance at an international breakthrough through a Spanish record company, but they would have to change their Cuba-themed lyrics to cater to an international audience. Ruy considers this a betrayal of his country and his art, whereas Tito recognizes the financial necessity of it. At the same time, Ruy is dealing with the fact that his children and their mother Caridad (Sierra) are leaving\n\nQuestion: What is Philadelphia State Hospital at Byberry?", "output": "The Philadelphia State Hospital at Byberry was a psychiatric hospital located on either side of Roosevelt Boulevard in Northeast Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Washoe Theater is a historic movie theater in Anaconda, Montana, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Description The theater is located at 305 Main Street, within the Anaconda Commercial Historic District. It was the last theater constructed in the United States in the Nuevo Deco (a form of Art Deco) style. The theater was designed in 1930 by Seattle architect B. Marcus Priteca. It was almost entirely finished by 1931, but its opening was delayed until Thursday, September 24, 1936 because of the Great Depression. In 1936 dollars, its construction cost was a grand $200,000 (). The Smithsonian rates the Washoe as a national treasure due to the lavish interior. April 30, 1982, the Washoe was listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places for architectural significance. The interior design and furnishings were done by Hollywood theater designer Nat Smythe. The\n\nPortable Standard Lisp (PSL) is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp. PSL was inspired by its predecessor, Standard Lisp and the Portable Lisp Compiler. It is tail-recursive, late binding (or dynamically bound), and was developed by researchers at the University of Utah in 1980, which released PSL 3.1; development was handed over to developers at Hewlett-Packard in 1982 who released PSL 3.3 and up. Portable Standard Lisp was available as a kit containing a screen editor, a compiler, and an interpreter for several hardware and operating system computing platforms, including Motorola 68000 series, DECSYSTEM-20s, Cray-1s, VAX, and many others. Today, PSL is mainly developed by and available from Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum f\u00fcr Informationstechnik Berlin (ZIB). Its main modern use is as the underlying language for implementations of Reduce. Like most older Lisps, in the first step, PSL compiles Lisp code to LAP code, which is another cross-platform language. However,\n\nBenjamin Haile DeMott (June 2, 1924, Rockville Centre, New York \u2013 September 29, 2005, Worthington, Mass.) was an American English professor and cultural critic. The author of more than a dozen books, DeMott was known for his cultural criticism in popular magazines and a trilogy, The Imperial Middle: Why Americans Can't Think Straight about Class (1990), The Trouble with Friendship: Why Americans Can't Think Straight about Race (1995), and Killer Woman Blues: Why Americans Can't Think Straight about Gender (2000). He wrote glowingly of Otis Redding, the Beatles' \"Blue Jay Way\" and \"the supergorgeous Mantovanian Motown Sound\", while mocking Marshall McLuhan and Mary Ellmann. One of DeMott's last pieces was a scalding dissection of the 9/11 Commission Report that appeared in Harper's Magazine in 2004. His final piece, \"Battling the Hard Man: Notes on Addiction to the Pornography of Violence\", was published in Harper's in August 2007. DeMott taught English\n\nQuestion: Define Portable Standard Lisp.", "output": "Portable Standard Lisp is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Minstead is a small village and civil parish in the New Forest, Hampshire, about north of Lyndhurst. There is a shop and a pub, the Trusty Servant. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's grave is under a large tree at the back of the 13th century All Saints' church. Overview Minstead is a small village and civil parish in the New Forest. The majority of the parish area is a complex of woodland, heathland, acid grassland, scrub and valley bog, supporting a great richness and diversity of wildlife. One mile north of the village at Lower Canterton lies the Rufus Stone, said to mark the place where in 1100 King William II (\"William Rufus\") was killed by an arrow whilst out hunting. Nearby Furzey Gardens contain of landscaped gardens containing many interesting and rare plants. There is also a gallery, open to the public from March to October, as well as a\n\nFleetwood Sheppard (sometimes spelled as \"Shepphard,\" \"Sheppheard,\" and \"Sheppeard\") (1 January 1634 \u2013 25 August 1698) was a British courtier and literary wit who was instrumental in the courts of Charles II of England and William of Orange. He was an educated man known for his lively wit and honesty, and he was an important figure in the poetry of the 1680s and 1690s. Life Education and introduction to royal court He was born in Oxfordshire, attended Magdalen Hall and Christ Church, Oxford, gaining the Bachelor of Arts in 1654 and Master of Arts in 1657. When all persons attaining an M.A. were required to join the Church of England, King Charles intervened and said that Sheppard had a background in civil law (having studied at Gray's Inn) and was \"not prepared to take orders, he being a person of much ability\" (Ellis 255). Instead, Sheppard became a courtier. He\n\nJohn Oscar Dickshot (born John Oscar Dicksus, January 24, 1910 \u2013 November 4, 1997), nicknamed \"Ugly\" Johnny Dickshot, was an American professional baseball left fielder. He played in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates, the New York Giants, and the Chicago White Sox. His professional career, including the seasons he spent in Minor League Baseball, ran from 1930 to 1947. He received the nickname \"Ugly\" because he proclaimed himself to be \"the ugliest man in baseball\" during his career. From Waukegan, Illinois, Dickshot began playing as a semi-professional and in the minor leagues in the early 1930s. He was scouted and signed by the Pirates in 1934, and they promoted him to the major leagues in 1936. The Pirates gave Dickshot a significant role in 1937, but played him sparingly in 1938. A strong season in the minor leagues in 1939 earned him a brief trial with the Giants.\n\nQuestion: Who was Johnny Dickshot?", "output": "John Oscar Dickshot, nicknamed \"Ugly\" Johnny Dickshot, was an American professional baseball left fielder."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bad H\u00f6nningen () is a municipality in the district of Neuwied, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Rhine, approx. 15 km (10 mi) northwest of Neuwied, and 30 km (20 mi) southeast of Bonn. Bad H\u00f6nningen is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde (\"collective municipality\") Bad H\u00f6nningen. The town contains three other districts called Ariendorf, Girgenrath and Reidenbruch. History Archeological findings suggest that the first settlers lived here over 1800 years ago when the Romans occupied the Rhineland. The limes ran between Bad H\u00f6nningen and Rheinbrohl, opposite the Vinxtbach, the border between Germania Inferior and Superior. At this point the limes crossed the Rhine and continued on the eastern bank. On this site a small castellum was built. In 1972 a Roman watchtower was reconstructed from archeological finds. In 1019, the town was documentary mentioned as \"Besitztum Hohingen\" for the first time. During Thirty Years'\n\nJohannes, Count van den Bosch (2 February 1780 \u2013 28 January 1844) was a Dutch officer and politician. He was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (1830\u20131833), commander of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, Minister of Colonies, and Minister of State. He was an officer in the Military William Order. Biography Johannes van den Bosch was born on 2 February 1780 in Herwijnen in the Dutch Republic (the present-day Netherlands), to the physician Johannes van den Bosch Sr. and his wife Adriana Poningh. Van den Bosch enrolled in the army of the Batavian Republic in 1797 and was, at his own request, sent to Batavia in the Dutch East Indies as a lieutenant a year later. At the time, the emphasis was put on asserting commercial interest, and Dutch control over the Indonesian archipelago was limited. As an adjutant, Van den Bosch remained close to the consecutive Governor-Generals, and\n\nImage stabilization (IS) is a family of techniques that reduce blurring associated with the motion of a camera or other imaging device during exposure. Generally, it compensates for pan and tilt (angular movement, equivalent to yaw and pitch) of the imaging device, though electronic image stabilization can also compensate for rotation about the optical axis (roll). It is mainly used in high-end image-stabilized binoculars, still and video cameras, astronomical telescopes, and also smartphones. With still cameras, camera shake is a particular problem at slow shutter speeds or with long focal length lenses (telephoto or zoom). With video cameras, camera shake causes visible frame-to-frame jitter in the recorded video. In astronomy, the problem of lens shake is added to variation in the atmosphere, which changes the apparent positions of objects over time. Application in still photography In photography, image stabilization can facilitate shutter speeds 2 to 5.5 stops slower (exposures 4\n\nQuestion: What is Image stabilization?", "output": "Image stabilization is a family of techniques that reduce blurring associated with the motion of a camera or other imaging device during exposure."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Cumberland County College was a public community college in Vineland and Millville in Cumberland County, New Jersey. It became the Cumberland Campus of Rowan College of South Jersey (RCSJ\u2013Cumberland) on July 1, 2019, as part of a merger with Rowan College at Gloucester County. The historic merger is the first of its kind in New Jersey. History Founded in 1966, Cumberland County College was the first community college in the state to open its own campus. The State of New Jersey, in 1962, passed the New Jersey County College Act, after which the Cumberland County Board of Chosen Freeholders authorized the founding of a community college. A groundbreaking ceremony took place on December 10, 1965. The original campus, which cost $2.7 million to construct, consisted of three buildings. Today, the 90-acre RCSJ Cumberland Campus consists of 12 buildings, including: Phillip Alampi Science Center, Frank Guaracini Jr. Fine and Performing Arts\n\nGeraldton is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia. Geraldton was one of the original 30 seats contested at the 1890 colonial election. The district is based on the eponymous regional city. Labor held throughout most of the twentieth century, Geraldton has since become a seat that has changed hands regularly in the last two decades. Geography The district has always been based on the regional coastal city of Geraldton. Electoral reform ahead of the 2008 state election necessitated an increase in the district's enrolment and thus an expansion of its boundaries, as it did for all non-metropolitan districts. This means the district now includes all outlying suburbs of the city, as well as adjacent rural areas. The district's current boundaries are identical with the former City of Geraldton-Greenough, itself a newly formed local government area. History Geraldton changed hands frequently between different\n\nThe Ulas family of 19 is from rural southern Turkey. Five of the family members (except for another, who has died) walk on all fours with their feet and the palms of their hands in what is called a \"bear crawl\". Their quadrupedal gait has never been reported in anatomically intact adult humans. The gait is different from the knuckle-walking quadrupedal gait of apes. In 2006, the family was the subject of a documentary: The Family That Walks On All Fours. The affected siblings have a form of non-progressive congenital cerebellar ataxia. The brain impairments include cerebellar hypoplasia, mild cerebral cortex atrophy and a reduced corpus callosum. They are also mildly intellectually disabled and have problems in balancing on two legs. However, they do not show the poor coordination of hands, speech, and eye movements often found in cerebellar ataxia. The four sisters can do needlework. They all share a\n\nQuestion: What's Ulas family?", "output": "The Ulas family of 19 is from rural southern Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Marion Danne \"Bill\" Adair (February 10, 1913 \u2013 June 17, 2002) was an American coach and interim manager in Major League Baseball (MLB). A second baseman, he was a career minor-league player who never rose about the Class AA level but who spent 21 years as a manager in the minors. History Born in Mobile, Alabama, Adair was a manager in the Braves organization (he managed farm clubs for all three cities the Braves played in), as well as the Detroit Tigers, San Diego Padres, Montreal Expos, and the Chicago White Sox organizations. Adair was later a major league scout for the Philadelphia Phillies. He compiled a 1,611-1,305 (.552) record in the minors, but his managing career in the major leagues was limited to ten games with the 1970 White Sox which was en route to a franchise-worst 56\u2013106 finish. He had succeeded Don Gutteridge on an interim basis on\n\nClogherinkoe GFC is a Gaelic football club in County Kildare, Ireland, the first junior C champions to qualify for the Jack Higgins Cup final. They formed an area team with Johnstownbridge, St John's, which reached the semi-final of the senior football championship in 1978. Padraig Gravin was corner-forward on the 1998 Kildare All Ireland final team. Pat Tyrrell was a noted Kildare forward in the 1960s. John Lowry and John Donoghue were major players for the team throughout the 80's and 90's. Both played on the Kildare senior team for several seasons. These days the club now includes well known names such Aedan Boyle and Jack Robinson. Won an intermediate final v Kilcock in 2020 under the management of Ronan Quinn, Seamus Galligan and Jim Kelly. Currently competing at senior level under the new management of Mark Murnaghan. Facebook page at Clogherinkoe Gaa. Amalgamated at underage with Jtb to form\n\nThe Complete Radio One Sessions is a compilation album by Napalm Death featuring all tracks recorded for BBC radio sessions. Tracks 1\u201312, which were recorded for the John Peel show, were previously released as The Peel Sessions. There are three versions of The Peel Sessions: 1987, 1989, and finally, the album that compiled all the sessions together, the 1993 version. All these tracks were also released as part of this longer compilation The Complete Radio One Sessions. Track listing Credits Tracks 1 to 8 (Tracks 1 to 4 - 1987, tracks 5 to 8 - 1988) Lee Dorrian - lead vocals Bill Steer - guitars Shane Embury - bass Mick Harris - drums, backing vocals Tracks 9 to 12 (1990) Mark \"Barney\" Greenway - lead vocals Jesse Pintado - guitar Mitch Harris - guitar Shane Embury - bass Mick Harris - drums, backing vocalsTracks 13 to 16 (1996)''' Mark \"Barney\"\n\nQuestion: What is The Complete Radio One Sessions", "output": "The Complete Radio One Sessions is a compilation album by Napalm Death featuring all tracks recorded for BBC radio sessions."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nothing Remains the Same is the third studio album by the Swedish industrial metal project Pain. It was released in 2002 via the Swedish label Stockholm Records and features the singles \"Shut Your Mouth\" (reached No. 14 on the Swedish single charts) and \"Just Hate Me\" (No. 47). The album itself reached No. 6 and remained on the Swedish album charts for nine weeks, longer than any other Pain album. Track listing \"It's Only Them\" \u2013 4:51 \"Shut Your Mouth\" \u2013 3:13 \"Close My Eyes\" \u2013 3:45 \"Just Hate Me\" \u2013 3:55 (co-written with Per Aldeheim and Max Martin) \"Injected Paradise\" \u2013 5:10 \"Eleanor Rigby\" \u2013 3:51 (The Beatles cover) \"Expelled\" \u2013 3:43 \"Pull Me Under\" \u2013 4:15 \"Save Me\" \u2013 3:37 \"The Game\" \u2013 4:05 \"Fade Away\" \u2013 4:59 \"Hate Me\" (bonus track) \u2013 5:22 \"Liar\" (bonus track) \u2013 5:18 \"Give It Up\" (bonus track) \u2013 3:56 Album videos\n\nColor (American English) or colour (Commonwealth English) is the visual perception based on the electromagnetic spectrum. Though color is not an inherent property of matter, color perception is related to an object's light absorption, reflection, emission spectra and interference. For most humans, colors are perceived in the visible light spectrum with three types of cone cells (trichromacy). Other animals may have a different number of cone cell types or have eyes sensitive to different wavelength, such as bees that can distinguish ultraviolet, and thus have a different color sensitivity range. Animal perception of color originates from different light wavelength or spectral sensitivity in cone cell types, which is then processed by the brain. Colors have perceived properties such as hue, colorfulness (saturation) and luminance. Colors can also be additively mixed (commonly used for actual light) or subtractively mixed (commonly used for materials). If the colors are mixed in the right\n\nQueen Elizabeth Sixth Form College, or QE as it is commonly known, is a sixth form college on Vane Terrace in Darlington, County Durham, England. It educates nearly 2000 students from Darlington and the surrounding areas with students coming from Stockton, Richmond, Newton Aycliffe and elsewhere. It is situated near the town centre, next to Stanhope Park. History It was established in 1970 on the site of the old Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, designed by George Gordon Hoskins. The original educational establishment was commissioned by Queen Elizabeth I, hence the name. Much of the building was refurbished following a fire in 1987 and on 17 April 1991, the Duchess of Kent opened the library. In 2004 a large extension was completed, the Trinity building, including a new sports hall, art department and atrium study area, increasing the capacity of students. In 2012 another extension was completed with the Stanhope building,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Color is.", "output": "Color or colour is the visual perception based on the electromagnetic spectrum."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) or malformation is an abnormal direct connection (fistula) between a meningeal artery and a meningeal vein or dural venous sinus. Signs and symptoms The most common signs/symptoms of DAVFs are: Pulsatile tinnitus Occipital bruit Headache Visual impairment Papilledema Pulsatile tinnitus is the most common symptom in patients, and it is associated with transverse-sigmoid sinus DAVFs. Carotid-cavernous DAVFs, on the other hand, are more closely associated with pulsatile exophthalmos. DAVFs may also be asymptomatic (e.g. cavernous sinus DAVFs). Location Most commonly found adjacent to dural sinuses in the following locations: Transverse (lateral) sinus, left-sided slightly more common than right Intratentorial From the posterior cavernous sinus, usually draining to the transverse or sigmoid sinuses Vertebral artery (posterior meningeal branch) Causes It is still unclear whether DAVFs are congenital or acquired. Current evidence supports transverse-sigmoid sinus junction dural malformations are acquired defects, occurring in response to thrombosis and\n\nRalph Alexander Raphael (1 January 1921 \u2013 27 April 1998) was a British organic chemist, well known for his use of acteylene derivatives in the synthesis of natural products with biological activity. Early life and education Ralph Raphael was born in Croydon, London on New Year's Day 1921, the son of master tailor Jacob (\"Jack\") Raphael (1889-1978) and his wife, Lily (n\u00e9e Woolf; 1892-1956). He attended secondary school at Wesley College, Dublin and then Tottenham County School, where a chemistry master, Edgar Ware, introduced him to the subject that would become Raphael's lifetime passion. In 1939 he won scholarships to study at Imperial College, graduating BSc with a first-class degree in 1941 and winning the Hofmann Prize for practical chemistry. During the Second World War both the undergraduate and PhD courses at Imperial College were of two year's duration and Raphael completed the latter in 1943. His doctoral work, aimed\n\nAsimina triloba, the American papaw, pawpaw, paw paw, or paw-paw, among many regional names, is a small deciduous tree native to the eastern United States and Canada, producing a large, yellowish-green to brown fruit. Asimina is the only temperate genus in the tropical and subtropical flowering plant family Annonaceae, and Asimina triloba has the most northern range of all. Well-known tropical fruits of different genera in family Annonaceae include the custard-apple, cherimoya, sweetsop, ylang-ylang, and soursop. The pawpaw is a patch-forming (clonal) understory tree of hardwood forests, which is found in well-drained, deep, fertile bottomland and also hilly upland habitat. It has large, simple leaves with drip tips, more characteristic of plants in tropical rainforests than within this species' temperate range. Pawpaw fruits are the largest edible fruit indigenous to the United States (not counting gourds, which are typically considered vegetables rather than fruit for culinary purposes, although in botany\n\nQuestion: Define Asimina triloba.", "output": "Asimina triloba, the American papaw, pawpaw, paw paw, or paw-paw, among many regional names, is a small deciduous tree native to the eastern United States and Canada, producing a large, yellowish-green to brown fruit."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Coleshill Town Football Club is a semi-professional football club based in Coleshill, Warwickshire, England. They are currently members of the and play at Pack Meadow. History The club was established in 1885 as Coleshill & District, playing their first match against Acocks Green in November that year. After being renamed simply Coleshill, the club later became Coleshill Town. They played only friendly and cup matches for the first two decades of their history until joining the Senior Division of the Birmingham Youth & Old Boys League in 1906. They moved to the Sutton & Erdington Division for the 1907\u201308 season, before returning to the Senior Division in 1909, going on to win both the Coleshill Charity Cup and Tamworth Nursing Cup in 1909\u201310. In 1912 the club transferred to the Trent Valley League. In their first season in the league they were runners-up, as well as winning the Chapel End\n\nthumb|right|Down stopping train in 1958 Poole railway station is on the South West Main Line serving the town of Poole in Dorset, England. It is situated in the town centre next to Holes Bay. It is one of four stations in the Borough of Poole and is down the main line from . The station is operated by South Western Railway and is served by London to Weymouth express and semi-fast services. It is also the terminus for the London to Poole stopping service. Virgin CrossCountry used to operate services from Poole to the North West and Scotland but since 2007 these now start/terminate at Bournemouth. History The first Poole station was on the western side of Holes Bay, at the location that ultimately became Hamworthy Goods. There was a branch to the west of Holes Bay from Poole Junction (now Hamworthy) to the station called Poole, situated to the\n\n\"Put Your Records On\" is a song by the English singer Corinne Bailey Rae from her self-titled debut studio album (2006). Written by Bailey Rae, John Beck, and Steve Chrisanthou, it was released as the album's second single in February and early March 2006 throughout Europe and as the lead single in North America. \"Put Your Records On\" was a commercial success, topping the UK R&B Chart and peaking at number two on UK Singles Chart. It was nominated for Record of the Year and Song of the Year at the 2007 Grammy Awards. A cover by American indie rock project Ritt Momney, released in 2020, became a commercial success after going viral on TikTok. Song information The opening verse of the track pays homage to \"Three Little Birds\" by Bob Marley and the Wailers. Produced by Steve Chrisanthou, \"Put Your Records On\" entered and peaked at number two on\n\nQuestion: Define Poole railway station.", "output": "thumb|right|Down stopping train in 1958\nPoole railway station is on the South West Main Line serving the town of Poole in Dorset, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Teflic acid is the chemical compound with the formula . This strong acid is related to orthotelluric acid, . Teflic acid has a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. Preparation Teflic acid was accidentally discovered by Engelbrecht and Sladky. Their synthesis did not yield the anticipated telluryl fluoride , but a mixture of volatile telluric compounds, containing : (25%) Teflic acid can also be prepared from fluorosulfonic acid and barium tellurate: It is also the first hydrolysis product of tellurium hexafluoride: Teflates The conjugate base of teflic acid is called the teflate anion, (not to be confused with triflate). Many teflates are known, one example being , that can be pyrolysed to give acid anhydride . The teflate anion is known to resist oxidation. This property has allowed the preparation several highly unusual species such as the hexateflates (in which M = As, Sb, Bi). Xenon forms the cation . References Further\n\nA disposition is a quality of character, a habit, a preparation, a state of readiness, or a tendency to act in a specified way. The terms dispositional belief and occurrent belief refer, in the former case, to a belief that is held in the mind but not currently being considered, and in the latter case, to a belief that is currently being considered by the mind. In Bourdieu's theory of fields, dispositions are the natural tendencies of each individual to take on a specific position in any field. There is no strict determinism through one's dispositions. The habitus is the choice of positions according to one's dispositions. However, in retrospect, a space of possibles can always be observed. A disposition is not a process or event in some duration in time, but rather the state, preparation, or tendency of a structure \"in waiting\". In the field of possibilities, its actual\n\nDurganagar is a locality in North Dumdum of North 24 Parganas District in the Indian state of West Bengal. It was named after the goddess Durga. It is a part of area under jurisdiction of Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Kolkata Airport is located nearby. Nimta and Dum Dum police stations under the Barrackpore Police Commissionerate have jurisdiction over North Dumdum Municipal area. Durganagar is from Dakshineswar Kali Temple and west of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport, Kolkata. Kolkata Urban Agglomeration The following Municipalities, Census Towns and other locations in Barrackpore, subdivision were part of Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in the 2011 census: Kanchrapara (M) Jetia (CT) Halisahar (M), Balibhara (CT) Naihati (M) Bhatpara (M) Kaugachhi (CT) Garshyamnagar (CT) Garulia (M) Ichhapur Defence Estate (CT) North Barrackpur (M) Barrackpur Cantonment (CB Barrackpore (M) Jafarpur (CT) Ruiya (CT) Titagarh (M) Khardaha (M) Bandipur (CT) Panihati (M) Muragachha (CT) New Barrackpore (M)\n\nQuestion: Define Durganagar, Kolkata.", "output": "Durganagar is a locality in North Dumdum of North 24 Parganas District in the Indian state of West Bengal."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Nancy Reagan defense is a tactic in corporate finance used to counter a takeover or merger bidder who has made a formal bid to shareholders to buy their shares. When the board of directors of the target company meets to consider the bid, they \"just say no.\" For example, in a discussion of a takeover of the Walt Disney Company by Comcast, analyst Andy Kessler on Wall Street Week stated \"there are two great Wall Street defenses. One is the Nancy Reagan defense and the other is the Pac-Man defense, right? And the Nancy Reagan defense is, just say no.\" An early use of the term referred to NCR's takeover defense against AT&T in 1991. The term refers to the \"Just Say No\" anti-drug campaign of the early 1980s and repeated by former United States First Lady Nancy Reagan advocating abstinence from recreational drug use. References Further reading \"Hostile\n\n\"In My Time of Dying\" (also called \"Jesus Make Up My Dying Bed\" or a variation thereof) is a gospel music song by Blind Willie Johnson. The title line, closing each stanza of the song, refers to a deathbed and was inspired by a passage in the Bible from Psalms 41:3 \"The Lord will strengthen him upon the bed of languishing, thou wilt make all his bed in his sickness\". Numerous artists have recorded variations, including Bob Dylan and Led Zeppelin. Early versions The lyrics \"Jesus goin' a-make up my dyin' bed\" appear in historian Robert Emmet Kennedy's Mellows \u2013 A Chronicle of Unknown Singers published in 1925, on Louisiana street performers, and also listed in the Cleveland Library's Index to Negro Spirituals. The variation \"He is a Dying-bed maker\" appears in the song \"When I's Dead and Gone\" as transcribed in 1924 or 1925 in the south-east. A close\n\nShinin' On is the eighth studio album by American rock band Grand Funk Railroad. The album was released in March 1974, by Capitol Records. Although not as successful as its predecessor, We're an American Band (1973), it peaked at #5 in the US and was certified gold, and its first single, a cover of \"The Loco-Motion\" topped the U.S. charts. The original cover was done in bi-visual 3-D and included the required blue and red lensed glasses to view it. A Quadraphonic mix of the album was available in the Quadraphonic 8-Track cartridge format. The title song was featured in The Simpsons 7th season episode \"Homerpalooza\" on May 19, 1996. Track listing Personnel Grand Funk Railroad Mark Farner \u2013 vocals, guitar, guitarr\u00f3n, harmonica, organ on \"Carry Me Through\" Mel Schacher \u2013 bass Don Brewer \u2013 vocals, drums, percussion Craig Frost \u2013 organ, clavinet, moog, piano, mellotron, backing vocals Additional and\n\nQuestion: What is Shinin' On?", "output": "Shinin' On is the eighth studio album by American rock band Grand Funk Railroad."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds. They form the building blocks of the DNA double helix and contribute to the folded structure of both DNA and RNA. Dictated by specific hydrogen bonding patterns, \"Watson\u2013Crick\" (or \"Watson\u2013Crick\u2013Franklin\") base pairs (guanine\u2013cytosine and adenine\u2013thymine) allow the DNA helix to maintain a regular helical structure that is subtly dependent on its nucleotide sequence. The complementary nature of this based-paired structure provides a redundant copy of the genetic information encoded within each strand of DNA. The regular structure and data redundancy provided by the DNA double helix make DNA well suited to the storage of genetic information, while base-pairing between DNA and incoming nucleotides provides the mechanism through which DNA polymerase replicates DNA and RNA polymerase transcribes DNA into RNA. Many DNA-binding proteins can recognize specific base-pairing patterns\n\nWinRoll is an open source, free software utility for Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows 7 which allows the user to \"roll up\" windows into their title bars, in addition to other window management related features. It is compiled in assembly code. History WinRoll 1.0 was first released on April 10, 2003. It is unclear if it still maintained by Wil Palma. The most recent version, 2.0, was released on April 7, 2004. Being an open source program, its source code was freely available from the website. The website is now down. Source code is available as a fork on Github. Features The purpose of WinRoll is to allow users to have many windows on the screen, while keeping them organized and manageable. The main feature of the program is enabling the user to \"roll\" windows up into their title bars. It also allows users to minimize programs to the\n\nFaridkot district is a district lying in the South-Western part of Punjab, India with Faridkot city as the district headquarters. Etymology The district is named after its headquarters, Faridkot city, which in turn is named in the honor of Baba Farid, who was a Sufi saint and a Muslim missionary. The town of Faridkot was founded during the 13th century as Mokalhar by Raja Mokalsi, the grandson of Rai Munj, a Bhatti Chief of Bhatnair, Rajasthan. According to popular folklore, the Raja renamed Mokalhar to Faridkot after Baba Farid paid a visit to the town. It remained the capital during the reign of Mokalsi's son Jairsi and Wairsi. History The region was a self-governing princely state during the British Raj period. Prior to independence, a large part of the district was under the rule of the Maharaja of Faridkot and later it became a part of the Patiala & East\n\nQuestion: What is Base pair?", "output": "A base pair is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Harkstede (); ) is a small village in the northeastern Netherlands. It is located in Midden-Groningen, Groningen. Harkstede is located near the \"Meerstad Project\" of the municipality of Groningen, however, it is no longer part of the project. History Harkstede was supposedly founded during the 13th century, when the tower next to the local church was built. The name is probably derived from \"Arkes Stee\", meaning \"place for a ark = church\". The present church was constructed between 1692 and 1700 on the foundations of the medieval church. Planned by Henric Piccardt (1636-1712), lord of the manors of Klein Martijn at Harkstede and the Fraeylemaborg at Slochteren, it was built by two master craftsmen from the city of Groningen, Henric Coeur and Geert van der Aa. Until 1821, Harkstede was an independent municipality. That year it was annexed by Slochteren. Harkstede was planned to be part of the Meerstad project.\n\nVirginia Marlita \"Penny\" Toler (born March 24, 1966) is an American basketball executive and former player who served most recently as the general manager of the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). Toler holds the distinction of scoring the first basket in WNBA history. College years Toler began her college career with the San Diego State Aztecs, joining a squad led by Tina Hutchinson. Toler then sat out a year after transferring to Long Beach State, where she became an All-American. During her career Long Beach State made it to the Final Four twice, in 1987 and 1988. Toler was considered one of the best ever collegiate players under future Hall of Fame coach Joan Bonvicini. In 1995 she was inducted into the Long Beach State Athletic Hall of Fame. Long Beach State statistics Source Professional career Having no viable domestic professional options, Toler began her\n\nThad Michael Matta (born July 11, 1967) is an American college basketball coach and the current head coach of the Butler Bulldogs men's basketball team. From 2004 to 2017, Matta led the Ohio State Buckeyes to five Big Ten Conference regular season championships (2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 and 2012), four Big Ten tournament titles (2007, 2010, 2011 and 2013), two Final Four appearances (2007 and 2012), and the 2008 NIT Championship. He is the winningest coach in Ohio State history. Before returning to Butler, Matta spent a season (2021\u201322) as the Associate Athletic Director for Indiana and the men's basketball team. Playing career A basketball standout for the Cornjerkers at Hoopeston-East Lynn High School in Hoopeston, Illinois, Matta was a two-year starter for the Butler University Bulldogs in three seasons after transferring from Southern Illinois University as a sophomore. He led Butler in assists (100) and three-point field goal percentage\n\nQuestion: What is Harkstede", "output": "Harkstede;  ) is a small village in the northeastern Netherlands."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Bea language, Aka-Bea, is an extinct Great Andamanese language of the Southern group. It was spoken around the western Andaman Strait and around the northern and western coast of South Andaman. History The Bea were one of the indigenous peoples of the Andaman Islands, one of the ten or so Great Andamanese tribes identified by British colonials in the 1860s. Their language was closely related to the other Great Andamanese languages. They were extinct as a distinct people by 1931. Grammar The Great Andamanese languages are agglutinative languages, with an extensive prefix and suffix system. They have a distinctive noun class system based largely on body parts, in which every noun and adjective may take a prefix according to which body part it is associated with (on the basis of shape, or functional association). Thus, for instance, the *aka- at the beginning of the language names is a prefix\n\nIturralde Crater (also called Araona Crater) is an diameter circular geophysical feature in Madidi National Park in the Bolivian portion of the Amazon Rainforest, first identified from Landsat satellite imagery in 1985. The structure is located in a remote area in the Abel Iturralde Province of La Paz Department and was visited by researchers in 2002. Based on the presence of millions of glass beads, it has been hypothesised that the structure was created in the Late Pleistocene (between 30,000 and 11,000 years ago) by the air burst of a non-impacting meteorite, similar to the Tunguska event in 1908. Description The structure was identified on the basis of Landsat imagery in 1985. It is located between the Manupari and Madidi Rivers. Being so circular, it is argued that it may be a meteorite crater. Because it is in an area of active sediment accumulation by rivers, it must be a\n\nThalagavara Narayanarao Seetharam (born 6 December 1948) is a prominent Kannada film and TV serial director, actor and screenwriter. He has become a cultural icon in Karnataka, India, through his work in several art mediums. Seetharam has written, directed, and produced plays, movies, and top-rated television series which have attracted millions of viewers. Early life Seetharam was born on 6 December 1948 in Thalagavara village near the Doddaballapura town in the erstwhile Mysore State. He was the third child to his parents Narayanrao and Sundaramma. He completed his high school education in Doddaballapur Municipal School, Doddaballapura, and pre-university course in National College, Bangalore. He then obtained his degree in Bachelor of Science before obtaining his bachelor's degree in Law. This was when he decided to take keen interest in plays, having worked with playwright P. Lankesh during the time. Seetharam decided to stay in Bangalore after completing his education, by\n\nQuestion: What's Aka-Bea language?", "output": "The Bea language, Aka-Bea, is an extinct Great Andamanese language of the Southern group."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The history of Azerbaijan is understood as the history of the region now forming the Republic of Azerbaijan. Topographically, the land is contained by the southern slopes of the Caucasus Mountains in the north, the Caspian Sea in the east, and the Armenian Highlands in the west. In the south, its natural boundaries are less distinct, and here the country merges with the Iranian Plateau. The entity of Caucasian Albania was established on its soil in ancient times. The Caucasian Albanian language spoken by the founders of Caucasian Albania was most likely a predecessor of the now endangered Udi language spoken by the Udi people. From the time of the Medes and the Achaemenid Empire, until the coming of the Russians in the 19th century, the territories of the republic of Azerbaijan and Iran usually shared the same history. Azerbaijan retained its Iranian character even after the Arab conquest of\n\nStephen of Perm (Russian: \u0421\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043d \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, Stefan Permskiy; , Perymsa Stepan; Old Permic: \ud800\udf5f\ud800\udf54\ud800\udf60 h t \ud800\udf61\ud800\udf62\ud800\udf54\ud800\udf5f\ud800\udf50\ud800\udf5d l; 1340\u20131396) was a fourteenth-century painter and missionary credited with the conversion of the Komi to Christianity and the establishment of the Bishopric of Perm'. Stephen also created the Old Permic script, which makes him the founding-father of Permian written tradition. \"The Enlightener of Perm\" or the \"Apostle of the Permians\", as he is sometimes called, is commemorated by the Catholic and Orthodox Churches on April 26. Life Stephen was probably from the town of Ustiug. According to a church tradition, his mother was a Komi woman and his father was a Russian man. Stephen took his monastic vows in Rostov, where he learned Greek and learned his trade as a copyist. In 1376, he voyaged to lands along the Vychegda and Vym rivers, and it was then that he engaged in the\n\nAndreas \"Andi\" Widh\u00f6lzl (born 14 October 1976) is an Austrian former ski jumper. During his career, he won world championships and Olympic titles. Career Widh\u00f6lzl began his World Cup ski-jumping career in 1993. Between 1997 and 2000, he won two Olympic bronzes and two world championship medals, along with sixteen victories in World Cup events. During this time came his victory in the 1999/2000 Four Hills Tournament. During this season, he came second in the ski-jumping World Cup. In the next five years, he won only one World Cup event, however, in 2005 he twice won the world championship with the Austrian National Team and a year later he was part of the Austrian Team that won the Team Olympic Gold Medal at the Winter Olympics. In March 2008, following health problems, he ended his fifteen-year-long World Cup ski-jumping career. Widh\u00f6lzl was interested in ski-jumping from an early age, his\n\nQuestion: Who was Stephen of Perm?", "output": "Stephen of Perm was a fourteenth-century painter and missionary credited with the conversion of the Komi to Christianity and the establishment of the Bishopric of Perm'."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Beltway Boys was an American weekly television show. The title referred to the Capital Beltway \u2013 the circumferential freeway surrounding Washington, D.C. (see Inside the Beltway) \u2013 and to the two journalists who hosted the show: Mort Kondracke and Fred Barnes. Airing initially in the United States on Saturday evenings at 6:00 pm ET on the Fox News Channel, the program was a weekly digest and discussion of political issues. The show was taped in Fox News' Washington studios on Fridays. Fox News Channel cancelled the show in April 2009. Overview Typically, the program began with three primary topics (\"Hot Stories\") that Kondracke and Barnes discussed at length. It then looked at newsworthy events in the political lives of national leaders in its \"Ups and Downs\" segment, characterizing the events as positive for the individual (up) or negative (down). References Beltway Boys, The 1998 American television series debuts 2009\n\nErjon Tola (born 15 December 1986) is an Albanian alpine ski racer who represented Albania at the 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics. Biography Tola was born in Tirana in 1986. He trains in Italy and has been living in Cervinia since 1992. Career At his first Olympics appearance in 2006, Tola was ranked last among those who finished the men's super-G, but finished 35th in the men's giant slalom. Tola finished 48th in the men's slalom and 63rd in the men's giant slalom at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver. During 2013 he participated for the first time in both the World Ski Championships and the World Cup. Although Tola represented Albania again at the 2014 Winter Olympics, due to injury suffered during a training session he was not able to take part in any competitions. In 2018 he and Suela Mehilli represented Albania at the Winter Olympic\n\nAyd\u0131nc\u0131k is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey. Its area is 352 km2, and its population is 11,468 (2022). It is on the Mediterranean coast, from Mersin and from Antalya. Ayd\u0131nc\u0131k has also been called in Armenian \u053f\u0565\u056c\u0565\u0576\u0564\u0565\u0580\u056b\u0564\u0561, and Gilindire, from Kelenderis (). This remote coastline is mostly unspoilt and 38 kilometers long, including some sandy beach, and the town of Ayd\u0131nc\u0131k is spread along the coast near a small point, Sancak Burnu. History Ayd\u0131nc\u0131k is the site of the ancient Greek Celenderis, a port and fortress in ancient Cilicia and later Isauria. It was one of the best harbours of this coast in ancient times and also a very strong defensive position. Artemidorus, with other geographers, considered this place, as the commencement of Cilicia. There must have been earlier settlement going back to the Hittites and Assyrians but so far no evidence has been uncovered. According to\n\nQuestion: What is Ayd\u0131nc\u0131k, Mersin", "output": "Ayd\u0131nc\u0131k is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Catholic Church in Greece is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Indigenous Roman Catholic Greeks numbered about 50,000-70,000 in 2022 and were a religious and not an ethnic minority. Most of them are a remnant of Venetian and Genoese rule in southern Greece and many Greek islands (in both the Aegean and Ionian seas) from the early 13th until the late 18th century, Greeks who converted to Catholicism or descendants of the thousands of Bavarians that came to Greece in the 1830s as soldiers and civil administrators, accompanying King Otto. One very old but still common term to reference to them is \u03a6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9, or \"Franks\", dating to the times of the Byzantine Empire, when medieval Greeks would use that term to describe all Catholics. Since the early 1990s however, the number of Catholic permanent residents of Greece has greatly increased;\n\nNathan Troy Calhoun (born September 26, 1966) is an American football coach and former player. He is the head football coach at the United States Air Force Academy, a position he has held since the 2007 season. Early life and playing career Calhoun was born in McMinnville, Oregon in 1966, although his family moved to Roseburg, Oregon when Calhoun was just three years old. Calhoun attended Roseburg High School, where he played football under longtime Roseburg coach Thurman Bell. Along with Bell, Calhoun also counts Dayton High coach Dewey Sullivan\u2014a Calhoun family friend\u2014as an early influence. Calhoun joined the Air Force Academy in 1985, becoming one of just two freshmen to letter on the 1985 Falcons team that finished 12\u20131. Coaching career Assistant coaching After graduating from the United States Air Force Academy in 1989, Calhoun served on the Air Force coaching staff under Fisher DeBerry as a graduate assistant\n\nThe Aircraft Identity Corps was a Canadian civil defence organization operating between 1940 and 1945. The corps' mission was to report suspicious aircraft and guard against German, Japanese, and Italian attack. The use of observers was deemed important because radar was not yet in widespread use. It was rebuilt as the Long Range Air Raid Warning System in 1950. The Aircraft Identity Corps was formed in 1940 by Air Vice Marshal George Croil for service during World War II. By the war's end in 1945 it had over 30,000 members. Among the corps' responsibilities was a system of 266 observation posts extending from the Sault Ste. Marie locks in northern Michigan to Hudson Bay, to protect the strategically important locks against a possible long-range German air attack. The joint US and Canadian defence of these locks was coordinated by the US Army's Central Defense Command. In the then-separate Dominion of\n\nQuestion: Who is Troy Calhoun?", "output": "Nathan Troy Calhoun is an American football coach and former player."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "St\u00e9phanie Cohen-Aloro (born 18 March 1983) is a former professional tennis player from France. Her career-high singles ranking is world No. 61, achieved on 5 October 2003. Her highest doubles ranking position of 54, she set on 18 July 2005. Cohen-Aloro won seven singles and twelve doubles titles on tournaments of the ITF Women's Circuit. Professional career Cohen-Aloro turned professional on 15 October 2001, at the age of 18. In April 2005, she beat world No. 21, Daniela Hantuchov\u00e1, in Miami in two sets. Cohen-Aloro upset heavy favorite Mary Pierce (seeded 24 and ranked No. 29 in the world) in the first round of the 2005 Australian Open, 6\u20132, 6\u20132. Cohen-Aloro and Tunisian Selima Sfar pulled off a major upset in the first round of the 2005 Wimbledon Championships ladies' doubles, beating third seeds Lisa Raymond and Rennae Stubbs, 6\u20134, 3\u20136, 6\u20132. However, they lost in the second round. In\n\nThe Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited, abbreviated as FACT, is an Indian central public sector undertaking headquartered in Kochi, Kerala. It was incorporated in 1943, by Maharajah Sree Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma of the Kingdom of Travancore. It is the first fertiliser manufacturing company in independent India and also the largest Central Public Sector Undertaking (CPSU) in Kerala. The company is under the ownership of Government of India and administrative control of the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers. It has 2 production units - Udyogamandal Complex (UC) at Eloor, Udyogamandal, and Cochin Division (CD) at Ambalamedu. In 1947, FACT started production of ammonium sulphate with an installed capacity of 50,000 MT per annum at Udyogamandal near Kochi. The Caprolactam plant in Udyogamandal was commissioned in 1990. Main products include Ammonia, Sulphuric Acid, Ammonium Phosphate-Sulphate (FACTAMFOS), Ammonium Sulphate, Zincated Ammonium Phosphate, Caprolactam, and also complex fertilizers. Gypsum, Nitric acid, Soda Ash\n\nMasjid Tanah (Jawi: \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647) is a town and parliamentary constituency in northwestern Malacca, Malaysia, bordering Negeri Sembilan across the Linggi River. History According to local oral folklore, Masjid Tanah was first settled by Minangkabau people along with local Malays from Malacca Sultanate Empire in the 14th\u201315th centuries. Masjid Tanah once belonged to the state of Naning until the British conquest in 1832 when it was integrated to the Straits Settlement of Malacca. The name of Masjid Tanah comes from a mosque (masjid) that was built from soil (tanah) by a sheikh from Gujarat around 1800. This mosque was also maintained by a local named Hj. Sulong bin Sibeng. The mosque that was built from soil was demolished later but reconstructed in 1951. This mosque was utilized by several nearby kampungs (villages). In the late 1990s, there was a real estate boom in Masjid Tanah when the government decided to\n\nQuestion: What is Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore", "output": "The Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited, abbreviated as FACT, is an Indian central public sector undertaking headquartered in Kochi, Kerala."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Szechuanosaurus (\"Szechuan lizard\") is an extinct genus of carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic. Fossils referred to the genus have been found in China, Asia in the Oxfordian-?Tithonian (Peng et al., 2005). Its type species is based on several undiagnostic teeth from the Kuangyuan Series. Additional possible specimens of Szechuanosaurus were also reported from the Kalaza Formation, also located in China. Szechuanosaurus is at times regarded as a nomen dubium due to the lack of diagnostic features in the fossilized teeth upon which the genus is based. Although the fossils are too fragmentary for confident identification, Szechuanosaurus is often interpreted as a medium-sized allosaurid or perhaps a metriacanthosaurid, capable of reaching lengths of around 7.3 meters. Discovery and species Three species have been assigned to this genus over the years. The type species is Szechuanosaurus campi, named by Yang Zhongjian (\"Chung Chien Young\") in 1942 for four isolated tooth\n\nGlashaus is a German band consisting of lead singer Cassandra Steen, songwriter and rapper Moses Pelham, and producer Martin Haas. The trio is best known for their mixture of R&B, soul and pop music with lyrics in German language. History In 2000, while searching for new talented singers, producers and label partners Moses Pelham and Martin Haas were introduced to vocalist Cassandra Steen (by then principally known for her appearances on the latest album by Freundeskreis). Although they soon started working on what was to be Steen's solo album, the project moved into a collaborative endeavor and as a result the trio decided to form a band \u2013 later named Glashaus. After months of recording Glashaus finally released their debut single \"Wenn das Liebe ist\" in 2001. The song became the band's biggest hit to date when it debuted at No. 21 on the German singles charts, reaching its peak\n\n\"Email Surveillance\" is the ninth episode of the second season of the American comedy television series The Office and the show's fifteenth episode overall. Written by Jennifer Celotta, and directed by Paul Feig, the episode first aired in the United States on November 22, 2005 on NBC. The episode guest starred Ken Jeong and Omi Vaidya. The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In the episode, the company tech support employee gives Michael Scott (Steve Carell) the ability to read his employees' emails, causing him to find out that Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) is throwing a party that Michael was not invited to. Meanwhile, Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) begins to suspect that Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) and Angela Martin (Angela Kinsey) might secretly be having a relationship. Ken Jeong explained that, while all the scenes were\n\nQuestion: What is Email Surveillance?", "output": "\"Email Surveillance\" is the ninth episode of the second season of the American comedy television series The Office and the show's fifteenth episode overall."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "An emerging infectious disease (EID) is an infectious disease whose incidence has increased recently (in the past 20 years), and could increase in the near future. The minority that are capable of developing efficient transmission between humans can become major public and global concerns as potential causes of epidemics or pandemics. Their many impacts can be economic and societal, as well as clinical. EIDs have been increasing steadily since at least 1940. For every decade since 1940, there has been a consistent increase in the number of EID events from wildlife-related zoonosis. Human activity is the primary driver of this increase, with loss of biodiversity a leading mechanism. Emerging infections account for at least 12% of all human pathogens. EIDs can be caused by newly identified microbes, including novel species or strains of virus (e.g. novel coronaviruses, ebolaviruses, HIV). Some EIDs evolve from a known pathogen, as occurs with new\n\nThe House of Courtenay is a medieval noble house, with branches in France, England and the Holy Land. One branch of the Courtenays became a royal house of the Capetian dynasty, cousins of the Bourbons and the Valois, and achieved the title of Latin Emperor of Constantinople. Origin The house was founded by Athon, the first lord of Courtenay in France. Athon took advantage of the succession crisis in the Duchy of Burgundy between Otto-William, Duke of Burgundy and King Robert II of France to capture a piece of land for himself, where he established his own seigneury (lordship), taking his surname from the town he founded and fortified. Athon was succeeded by his son Joscelin, who had three sons: Miles, who was Lord of Courtenay after him; Prince Joscelin, who joined the First Crusade and became Count of Edessa; and Geoffrey, who also fought in the Holy Land and\n\nFreescha is the musical collaboration of Nick Huntington and Mike McGroarty, based in the San Fernando Valley, California. Huntington and McGroarty have been friends and partners since they met in high school. The duo has released most of their music on Attacknine Records, which is co-run by Huntington and McGroarty. AllMusic compared the duo's sound to the \"nostalgic electronica\" of Boards of Canada. Freescha was chosen for URB magazine's \"Next 100\" artists to watch for in their 2004 year-end special issue. Freescha co-wrote with Sia the song \"Buttons\" for Sia's 2008 album, Some People Have Real Problems, and co-wrote with Nicole Morier the song \"Heaven On Earth\" for Britney Spears's 2007 studio album, Blackout. Discography Albums 2001 - Kids Fill the Floor - (Attacknine) 2002 - Slower Than Church Music - (Attacknine) 2003 - What's Come Inside of You - (Attacknine) 2006 - Head Warlock Double Stare - (Attacknine) 2007\n\nQuestion: What is House of Courtenay?", "output": "The House of Courtenay is a medieval noble house, with branches in France, England and the Holy Land."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ab\u016b Bakr \u02bfAbd All\u0101h ibn \u02bfAb\u012b Qu\u1e25\u0101fa (; 27 October 573 \u2013 23 August 634) was the senior companion and was, through his daughter Aisha, a father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as the first Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. He is known with the honorific title al-Siddiq by Sunni Muslims. Abu Bakr was born in 573 CE to Abu Quhafa and Umm Khayr. He belonged to the tribe of Banu Taym. In the Age of Ignorance, he was a monotheist and condemned idol-worshipping. As a wealthy trader, Abu Bakr used to free slaves. Following his conversion to Islam in 610, Abu Bakr served as a close aide to Muhammad, who bestowed on him the title \"al-Siddiq\" ('the Truthful/Righteous'). The former took part in almost all battles under the Islamic prophet. He extensively contributed his wealth in support of Muhammad's work and among Muhammad's closest companions. He also\n\nMark Iuliano (; born 12 August 1973) is an Italian football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a defender. Following his retirement he worked as a coach. Iuliano spent the bulk of his playing career with, Juventus, in Serie A, a club with which he won several domestic and international trophies. At international level, he represented the Italy national football team at UEFA Euro 2000, reaching the final, and at the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Club career Salernitana Born in Cosenza, Mark Iuliano started his professional football career with Salernitana Calcio in 1990. He would transfer to Bologna FC on a season loan deal in 1992 and scored 1 goal in 24 appearances. After returning to Salerno, he was again sent out on loan in 1993, for another season long loan deal. This time, Iuliano moved to A.C. Monza He would go on to make 16 appearances\n\nABBA ( , ; formerly named Bj\u00f6rn & Benny, Agnetha & Anni-Frid or Bj\u00f6rn & Benny, Agnetha & Frida) are a Swedish pop supergroup formed in Stockholm in 1972 by Agnetha F\u00e4ltskog, Bj\u00f6rn Ulvaeus, Benny Andersson, and Anni-Frid Lyngstad. The group's name is an acronym of the first letters of their first names arranged as a palindrome. They are one of the most popular and successful musical groups of all time, and are one of the best-selling music acts in the history of popular music, topping the charts worldwide from 1974 to 1982, and in 2022. In , ABBA were 's first winner of the Eurovision Song Contest with the song \"Waterloo\", which in 2005 was chosen as the best song in the competition's history as part of the 50th anniversary celebration of the contest. During the band's main active years, it consisted of two married couples: F\u00e4ltskog and Ulvaeus,\n\nQuestion: Who is Mark Iuliano?", "output": "Mark Iuliano is an Italian football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a defender."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Harry Emmet Gunning, (December 16, 1916 \u2013 November 24, 2002) was a Canadian scientist and administrator. Born in Toronto, Ontario, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree, a Master of Arts degree, and a Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1942 from the University of Toronto. In 1957, he was appointed Professor and Chairman of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Alberta. From 1974 to 1979, he was the President as well. In 1979, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada as a \"scientist and educator, who has achieved an international reputation for chemical research\". Career Gunning attended the University of Toronto, and there he earned three degrees in physical chemistry; a BA Honors, an MA, and a PhD. He finished his schooling in 1942, when he earned his PhD. Next, he did post-doctoral studies at Harvard. After that, Gunning returned to Canada and became a\n\nAnicuns is a city and municipality in central Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. Geographys Anicuns is located in the Anicuns Microregion, which includes 13 cities with a population of 103276 inhabitants in a total area of 5483.10 km2. It forms boundaries with the following the municipalities: North and Northeast: Itabera\u00ed, Moss\u00e2medes and Auril\u00e2ndia South: Naz\u00e1rio and Palmeiras de Goi\u00e1s East: Inhumas and Trindade West: S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds de Montes Belos The distance to Goi\u00e2nia is 86 km. Highway connections are made by GO-060 / Trindade / Claudin\u00e1polis de Goi\u00e1s / GO-326. See Seplan Anicuns is situated on the right bank of the Rio dos Bois, the main river in the region and a tributary of the Parana\u00edba River. The important Rio Turvo also has its source in the municipality. The average elevation is 600 meters. The climate is tropical humid and the average annual temperature is 23 \u00b0C. Districts, Villages and Hamlets Districts:\n\nIn mathematics, the axiom of choice, abbreviated AC or AoC, is an axiom of set theory equivalent to the statement that a Cartesian product of a collection of non-empty sets is non-empty. Informally put, the axiom of choice says that given any collection of sets, each containing at least one element, it is possible to construct a new set by arbitrarily choosing one element from each set, even if the collection is infinite. Formally, it states that for every indexed family of nonempty sets, there exists an indexed set such that for every . The axiom of choice was formulated in 1904 by Ernst Zermelo in order to formalize his proof of the well-ordering theorem. In many cases, a set arising from choosing elements arbitrarily can be made without invoking the axiom of choice; this is, in particular, the case if the number of sets from which to choose the\n\nQuestion: What's Anicuns?", "output": "Anicuns is a city and municipality in central Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lobster Johnson (also known as The Lobster or The Claw) is a fictional character featured in the Hellboy and Bureau for Paranormal Research and Defense comic books published by Dark Horse Comics. He was created by Mike Mignola. Within the Hellboy universe, the Lobster was a vigilante who worked in secret in New York City during the 1930s. Although the public believes that the Lobster was only the hero of pulp serials and comics, he was a real man who faced gangsters as well as paranormal threats. The Lobster had a reputation for violence, such as killing mobsters and burning his trademark lobster claw symbol into their foreheads with the palm of his gloved hand. This behavior was similar to the Marvel UK comic book character Night Raven, the Phantom and the pulp magazine hero The Spider. Lobster Johnson appeared in the 2019 Hellboy reboot, portrayed by Thomas Haden Church.\n\nA college (Latin: collegium) is an educational institution or a constituent part of one. A college may be a degree-awarding tertiary educational institution, a part of a collegiate or federal university, an institution offering vocational education, a further education institution, or a secondary school. In most of the world, a college may be a high school or secondary school, a college of further education, a training institution that awards trade qualifications, a higher-education provider that does not have university status (often without its own degree-awarding powers), or a constituent part of a university. In the United States, a college may offer undergraduate programs \u2013 either as an independent institution or as the undergraduate program of a university \u2013 or it may be a residential college of a university or a community college, referring to (primarily public) higher education institutions that aim to provide affordable and accessible education, usually limited to\n\nAaron Payne (born 18 November 1982) is an Australian rugby league coach and former professional player who is the head coach of the Townsville Blackhawks in the Intrust Super Cup. Primarily a , he played his entire career for the North Queensland Cowboys. Background Born in Townsville, Queensland, Payne played his junior rugby league for the Central Tigers and attended Kirwan State High School before being signed by the North Queensland Cowboys. His father, Mark, played two games for Queensland in 1979. Playing career In 1999, while playing for Centrals, Payne represented the Queensland under-17 team, starting at halfback in a loss to New South Wales. In 2001, he represented the Queensland under-19 team, coming off the bench in a 28\u201314 win over the Blues. In Round 12 of the 2002 NRL season, Payne made his NRL debut for the Cowboys in a 40\u201332 win over the St George Illawarra\n\nQuestion: Define Lobster Johnson.", "output": "Lobster Johnson is a fictional character featured in the Hellboy and Bureau for Paranormal Research and Defense comic books published by Dark Horse Comics."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Major League Baseball Umpires Association (MLBUA) is an organization of Major League Baseball (MLB) umpires. It was certified by the National Labor Relations Board on February 24, 2000, as the World Umpires Association (WUA) as a bargaining agent. It took over as the bargaining agent for MLB umpires after the 2000 MLB season, replacing the Major League Umpires Association (MLUA), which dated back to 1970, and has since been responsible for defending their personal since. On July 17, 2018, it rebranded itself as the Major League Baseball Umpires Association. Formation The MLUA, led by longtime negotiating attorney Richie Phillips, was decertified by its member umpires (by a vote of 57 to 35) in February 2000, after Phillips' strategy of mass resignations in September 1999 backfired, with MLB simply accepting many of the resignations and promoting new umpires from the minor leagues. The WUA was created immediately afterward. Its first\n\nGargara () was an ancient Greek city on the southern coast of the Troad region of Anatolia. It was initially located beneath Mount Gargaron, one of the three peaks of Mount Ida, today known as Koca Kaya (). At some point in the 4th century BCE the settlement moved approximately 5.8 km south of Koca Kaya to a site on the small coastal plain near the modern villages of Ar\u0131kl\u0131 and Nusratl\u0131 (), at which point the previous site came to be known as Old Gargara (). Both sites are located in the Ayvac\u0131k district of \u00c7anakkale Province in Turkey. Mount Gargaron Mount Gargaron has been identified with the mountain today called Koca Kaya (Turkish Great Rock), a western spur of Mount Ida with a maximum elevation of 780 m. The poet Epicharmus (fl. 540 - 450 BCE) refers to the mountain as \"snowcapped\" (\u1f00\u03b3\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b9\u03c6\u03b1), and the Etymologicum Magnum (ca.\n\nMarkus Gandler (born 20 August 1966 in Kitzb\u00fchel) is an Austrian former cross-country skier who competed from the late 1980s to the late 1990s. At the 1989 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Lahti, his team ranked 11th in the 4 \u00d7 10 km relay. In the winter of 1989/1990 he had his best World Cup finish with a third in Canmore, Canada. He won an Olympic silver medal in the men's 10 km at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. At the 1999 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Ramsau, he won gold in 4 \u00d7 10 km relay with his relay teammates Alois Stadlober, Mikhail Botwinov, and Christian Hoffmann. Since 2003, and also at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy he has been director of the Austrian biathlon and cross-country teams. He received a life ban from the Austrian Olympic Committee in 2007 as one of 14\n\nQuestion: What's Major League Baseball Umpires Association?", "output": "The Major League Baseball Umpires Association is an organization of Major League Baseball umpires."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Shooting incident reconstruction is the examination of the physical evidence recovered or documented at the scene of a shooting. Shooting reconstruction may also include the laboratory analysis of the evidence recovered at the scene. The goal is an attempt to gain an understanding of what may or may not have happened during the incident. Once all reasonable explanations have been considered, one can evaluate the significance of witness or suspect accounts of the incident. In many cases valuable evidence necessary for reconstruction analysis exists at the crime scene. Should this evidence go undocumented or unrecovered during the initial processing of the shooting scene, the information it can give investigators may be lost forever. Poor shooting incident processing can not be compensated for by excellent laboratory work. There are many questions that can be answered from the proper reconstruction of a shooting incident. Some of the questions typically answered by a\n\nStuart Kirk Inman (August 2, 1926 \u2013 January 30, 2007) was an American basketball player, coach and executive. He was selected in the sixth round of the 1950 NBA draft from San Jose State University by the Chicago Stags; however, he did not play in the NBA. Early life and education Inman played college basketball at San Jose State from 1947 to 1950. As a senior, he averaged 14.9 points. Coaching career After graduating from San Jose State, Inman became head coach at Madera High School in Madera, California for a season, then was head coach at Theodore Roosevelt High School in Fresno from 1951 to 1953. He then moved up to the junior college level as head coach at Santa Ana City College from 1953 to 1955, then at Orange Coast Junior College from 1955 to 1957. From 1957 to 1960, Inman was an assistant coach at San Jose\n\nDuncan Walker Bannatyne, (born 2 February 1949) is a Scottish entrepreneur, philanthropist, and author. His business interests include hotels, health clubs, spas, media, TV, and property. He is most famous for his appearance as a business angel on the BBC programme Dragons' Den. He was appointed an OBE for his contribution to charity. He has written seven books. Early life Bannatyne was born in Dalmuir west of Glasgow. His father Bill had served in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in World War II and worked on the Burma Railway after being captured by the Japanese following the Fall of Singapore, he then worked in the foundry at the Clydebank Singer plant. As a child, he lived in one room with his parents and siblings in a large house shared with six other families. He attended Dalmuir Primary School where he displayed a talent for arithmetic and won a place at\n\nQuestion: Who was Duncan Bannatyne?", "output": "Duncan Walker Bannatyne, is a Scottish entrepreneur, philanthropist, and author."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Japanese whisky is a style of whisky developed and produced in Japan. Whisky production in Japan began around 1870, but the first commercial production was in 1923 upon the opening of the country's first distillery, Yamazaki. Broadly speaking, the style of Japanese whisky is more similar to that of Scotch whisky than other major styles of whisky. There are several companies producing whisky in Japan, but the two best-known and most widely available are Suntory and Nikka. Both of these produce blended as well as single malt whiskies and blended malt whiskies, with their main blended whiskies being Suntory , and Black Nikka Clear. There are also many special bottlings and limited editions. Style The production of Japanese whisky began as a conscious effort to recreate the style of Scotch whisky. Pioneers like Taketsuru carefully studied the process of making Scotch whisky, and went to great lengths in an attempt\n\nThe WWWF/WWF Junior Heavyweight Championship is a former championship recognized by the World (Wide) Wrestling Federation and New Japan Pro-Wrestling for wrestlers of smaller size. The title existed from 1965 through 1985. History In April 1994, the WWWF championship belt was used as a trophy for the first ever Super J-Cup, which was won by Wild Pegasus. Reigns Over the championship's 20-year history, there were 20 reigns between 11 champions. Johnny De Fazio has the most reigns at four times. Tatsumi Fujinami's second reign it the longest at 789 days, while Ryuma Go's reign was the shortest at two days. The Cobra was the final champion. See also IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship NWA International Junior Heavyweight Championship WWF Light Heavyweight Championship WWE Cruiserweight Championship Footnotes References Wrestling Information Archive External links WWF Junior Heavyweight Title Junior heavyweight wrestling championships New Japan Pro-Wrestling championships WWE championships\n\nThe Mess Hall were a two-piece drums and guitar combo based in Sydney, Australia, specialising in \"raw, edgy bluesy rock.\" The band consisted of Jed Kurzel (lead vocals/guitar) and Cec Condon (drums/backing vocals) for most of its tenure. The band was often praised for its live shows: \"When plugged in and turned up,\" wrote The Sydney Morning Herald, \"the duo produce enough energy to power a house full of floodlights.\" The band released four studio albums before amicably parting in 2011. They reunited for a series of shows in 2015. History 2001-2004: Early days The Mess Hall originally formed as a trio: Jed Kurzel on lead vocals and guitar, his brother Justin on bass, and Anthony \"AJ\" Johnsen on drums and backing vocals. After Justin's departure a few months after forming, Jed Kurzel and Anthony Johnsen began playing shows as a duo in 2001. They quickly gained a reputation as\n\nQuestion: What's Japanese whisky?", "output": "Japanese whisky is a style of whisky developed and produced in Japan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "KJYO (102.7 FM), known as \"KJ103\", is a Top 40 (CHR) radio station serving the Oklahoma City area owned by iHeartMedia. Its transmitter is in Northeast Oklahoma City, and studios were located in the 50 Penn Place building on the Northwest side, in early 2022 iHeartMedia Oklahoma City moved KJYO along with sister stations KGHM, KTOK, KTST, KXXY-FM, KREF-FM, to new state of the art studios located at 6525 N Meridian Ave further up the road on the Northwest side just a few miles west from their former studio home in the 50 Penn Place building. History The station began broadcasting April 8, 1961, as KJEM-FM, sister to KJEM (800 AM), and adopted an adult standards format. Studios were located where the Oklahoma City Federal Building (Murrah Building) once stood. It changed calls in 1972 to KAFG and ran an automated oldies format. KAFG's transmitter site was at 23rd and\n\nCarl Yaya Priso (born 10 July 1979) is a French former professional footballer who played as a forward. Career His professional football career began in France with Poissy, moving on to Parisian side Red Star 93 and German side Chemnitzer FC in July 2004. He played just four times for Chemnitz in the Regionalliga before joining Italian side Magna Grecia in January 2005. Leroy Rosenior signed him on a free transfer for Torquay United in August 2005 at the same time as two other French players, Morike Sako and Mamadoli Sow. His Torquay debut came on 13 August 2005 in a 3\u20130 defeat away to Mansfield Town. He made two more first team appearances before a foot injury kept him out of action. He was one of six players transfer-listed by Rosernior in October 2005 and was released by new manager Ian Atkins at the end of the 2005\u201306 season\n\nCarstairs railway station serves the village of Carstairs in South Lanarkshire, Scotland and is a major junction station on the West Coast Main Line (WCML), situated close to the point at which the lines from London Euston and Edinburgh to Glasgow Central merge. Constructed originally by the Caledonian Railway, the station is operated today by ScotRail and is also served by one TransPennine Express trains service per day between Manchester Airport and Glasgow Central. All other services by TransPennine Express and services operated by Avanti West Coast, Caledonian Sleeper, CrossCountry and London North Eastern Railway pass the station, but do not stop. History Construction work started on the site on 30 August 1845 and the station was opened by the Caledonian Railway on 15 February 1848 when the line between Glasgow and Beattock opened. The line from Edinburgh reached Carstairs and opened on 1 April 1848. By 1855 traffic had\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Carstairs railway station is.", "output": "Carstairs railway station serves the village of Carstairs in South Lanarkshire, Scotland and is a major junction station on the West Coast Main Line, situated close to the point at which the lines from London Euston and Edinburgh to Glasgow Central merge."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Javier Santiso is the CEO and General Partner of Mundi Ventures www.mundiventures.com, an international 450M VC fund, based in Madrid. He invests in deep tech companies, IoT, cyber, AI, industrial internet and also insurtech and fintech in Europe & USA, in Paris, London, Berlin, Amsterdam, Stockholm, Madrid, Barcelona, Tel Aviv and also New York, Palo Alto, Singapore. He run in the past the tech investments of Khazanah, the US$50 billion Asian sovereign fund, and invested in multi billion tech unicorns like Farfetch (London, a startup exited and listed in the Nasdaq), Skyscanner (Edinburgh, a startup also exited and bought by Ctrip) and others like Auto1 (Berlin, now listed in Francfort). He is an independent board member of Paris Based listed company FNAC Darty and also a member of the board of Madrid based Prisa, the owner or El Pais, La Ser and Santillana. He invested in a dozen of unicorns\n\nSanofi Pasteur is the vaccines division of the French multinational pharmaceutical company Sanofi. Sanofi Pasteur is the largest company in the world devoted entirely to vaccines. It is one of four global producers of the yellow fever vaccine. History Since 1992, Sanofi Pasteur has sponsored Sanofi Biogenius Canada (SBC), a national, biotechnology-focused science competition for Canadian high school and CEGEP students. Those selected for the SBC work with local mentors, giving students hands-on research experience in a professional lab setting. Participants compile their results and present their findings at regional competitions. Cash prizes are awarded and regional winners advance to the National stage, where they vie for the top spot and the chance to compete in the International BioGENEius Challenge, held at the prestigious BIO International Convention \u2013 the largest biotechnology event in the world. In 2004, Aventis merged with and into Sanofi. The new Sanofi-Aventis Group became the world's\n\nIn computing, BIOS (, ; Basic Input/Output System, also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS, BIOS ROM or PC BIOS) is firmware used to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs and to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup). The BIOS firmware comes pre-installed on an IBM PC or IBM PC compatible's system board and exists in some UEFI-based systems to maintain compatibility with operating systems that do not support UEFI native operation. The name originates from the Basic Input/Output System used in the CP/M operating system in 1975. The BIOS originally proprietary to the IBM PC has been reverse engineered by some companies (such as Phoenix Technologies) looking to create compatible systems. The interface of that original system serves as a de facto standard. The BIOS in modern PCs initializes and tests the system hardware components (Power-on self-test), and loads a boot loader from\n\nQuestion: Define Javier Santiso.", "output": "Javier Santiso is the CEO and General Partner of Mundi Ventures www.mundiventures.com, an international 450M VC fund, based in Madrid."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Electronic Music Laboratories, commonly abbreviated to EML, was a synthesizer company founded in 1968 in Vernon, Connecticut, by four engineers. It manufactured and designed a variety of synthesizers sharing the same basic design but configured in different ways. The company originated by accident, after Dale Blake, Norman Millard, Dennis Daugherty, and Jeff Murray, employees of Gerber Scientific, founded the company in order to ensure that they all continued to have a job following an impending layoff. Following the schematics of a fellow audio engineer, Fred Locke, the four made synthesizers that directly competed with those of Moog Music and ARP. Although their synthesizers were not as sophisticated or capable as those designed by Bob Moog or Alan R. Pearlman, they were marketed as being much more reliable, which was true due to their use of op-amps instead of transistors. The company's original EML-200 was designed in part for Connecticut's \"Pilot\n\nThe Cirneco dell'Etna is an Italian breed of hunting dog from the Mediterranean island of Sicily. It is named for the Etna volcano in eastern Sicily. It has a keen sense of smell, and is used to hunt small game, particularly rabbits. As with many working dogs, registration is conditional on successful completion of a working trial. History The second part of the name of the breed relates to the area of the Etna volcano in Sicily, where it originated. The first part, word cirneco, derives from the , related to Cyrenaica in North Africa, and in modern Italian is used for all the small hunting dogs of the Mediterranean islands, including Sicily, Malta and the Balearic Islands. Genetic studies of the relationship of the Cirneco to other breeds have yielded conflicting results: one confirmed it to be close to the Kelb tal-Fenek of Malta and the Podenco Ibicenco of\n\nHMS Poseidon (P99) was a designed and built by Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering in Barrow-in-Furness, England for the Royal Navy, launched on 22 August 1929. She spent most of her short career assigned to the Yellow Sea region, based at the Royal Navy's Weihai naval base in mainland China. In 1931, the submarine sank after a collision with the steamship Yuta north of Weihai. The submarine was later secretly salvaged by the Chinese in 1972. Service history At about 12:12 on 9 June 1931, while exercising on the surface with the submarine tender north of the vessels' base at Weihai, and despite excellent visibility, Poseidon collided with the Chinese merchant vessel SS Yuta. Thirty-one of the submarine's crew managed to scramble into the water before the submarine sank to the seabed below within a few minutes. The aircraft carrier , heavy cruiser and sister submarine led the rescue operations. Poseidon\n\nQuestion: Define HMS Poseidon.", "output": "HMS Poseidon was a  designed and built by Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering in Barrow-in-Furness, England for the Royal Navy, launched on 22 August 1929."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Banbury Sound was an Independent Local Radio station serving the Banbury and Brackley areas of north Oxfordshire. At the time of closure, it was owned and operated by Quidem and broadcast from studios at Honiley, Warwickshire. History Banbury Sound was launched as Touch FM on Saturday 25 February 2006 by then-breakfast presenter Dale Collins, with the first news bulletin read by then-group editor Daniel Bruce. It was previously owned by the Cumbria-based CN Group and was their third station to adopt the Touch FM branding, alongside sister stations in Coventry and Stratford-upon-Avon. Programming was networked between the three stations outside of breakfast and drivetime. The station changed owners on 1 April 2009, making it part of Banbury Broadcasting Company Limited - with staff members John Crutch (Station Director), Anneka Naysmith (Sales Director) and Dale Collins (Director of Programming) as partners in the buyout. Two months later, the station relaunched as\n\nShelley Rudman (born 23 March 1981) is a former skeleton bobsleigh athlete. She was the 2013 world champion in the event, won an Olympic silver medal at the 2006 Winter Olympic Games in skeleton and is a former World Cup and European champion. Early career Rudman took up skeleton in October 2002, after a university friend and skeleton athlete introduced her to the sport at the University of Bath push track. At the time, she was working full-time at the ACS International Schools, Cobham, Surrey and was in her third year of a Bachelor of Science degree course at St Mary's College, Twickenham. After unsuccessfully seeking a place on Bath University's skeleton development team, she decided to apply for an ice school in Norway run by the British military to pursue the sport. The following season in 2003 (after having only three weeks on ice training since starting the sport),\n\nWang Xuan (; February 5, 1937 \u2013 February 13, 2006), born in Wuxi, Jiangsu, was a Chinese computer scientist. He was a computer application specialist and innovator of the Chinese printing industry, as well as an academician at both the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He was the vice-president of the CPPCC and founder of the major technology conglomerate company Founder Group in 1986. Biography Not only did he contribute a lot, but he really loved his country. Wang Xuan graduated from the Department of Mathematics and Mechanics at Peking University in 1958 and devoted himself to computer science education and research. He was mainly involved in research into computer processing of words, graphics and images. In 1975, he was in charge of the research and development of laser typesetting systems in the Chinese language and of electronic publishing systems. Surpassing Japan's second-generation optical designation\n\nQuestion: Who was Shelley Rudman?", "output": "Shelley Rudman is a former skeleton bobsleigh athlete."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Memphis Kiddie Park is an 11-ride amusement park located in Brooklyn, Ohio, designed specifically for children and families. Memphis Kiddie Park opened on May 28, 1952. The park was one of several designed and opened by Stuart Wintner, who also owned a chain of indoor movie theaters. Wintner and later his son Russell ran the park. The park is home to the \"Little Dipper\" roller coaster\u2014the oldest operating steel roller coaster in North America. The 11 rides at Memphis Kiddie Park are: Comets (Allan Herschell \"Skyfighter\" that moves up and down) HL Jeeps (Cars that spin around)(Allan Herschell) HL Ferris Wheel (originally San Antonio Roller Works, significantly rebuilt and updated)HL Boats (Floats around in circles) (Allan Herschell) HL Pony Carts (Chariot-style cars that travel in a loop) (Allan Herschell) HL Merry-Go-Round (Allan Herschell, 36-cast aluminum horses) Train (Travels around the perimeter of the park and Miniature Golf) (Allan Herschell) Hand\n\nManatuto is a city in Manatuto Municipality, East Timor. Manatuto Vila has 3,692 inhabitants (Census 2015) and is capital of the subdistrict and district Manatuto. It is on the north coast of Timor, (about as the crow flies) east of Dili, the national capital, on the way to Baucau. The capital is known for its salt production and abundance of tamarind. Geography Manatuto city is generally flat and low-lying, with single hills on its southern outskirts. It extends for approximately from the eastern end of Obrato aldeia in Suco Sau to the western end of the Maabat aldeia in Suco Maabat. It also stretches about south from Wetar Strait in its north. Dumi Huhun ( AMSL), in the city's southeast near the main road connecting Dili and Baucau, is the tallest of its hills. Another hill, Saututu Hill ( AMSL), is on the eastern side of the city, along the\n\nWest Mamprusi Municipal Assembly is one of the six districts in North East Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988 when it was known as West Mamprusi District, which was created from the former Mamprusi District Council, until the western part of the district was split off on 28 June 2012 to create Mamprugu-Moagduri District; thus the remaining part has been retained as West Mamprusi District. However, on 15 March 2018, it was elevated to municipal district assembly status to become West Mamprusi Municipal District. The municipality is located in the western part of North East Region and has Walewale as its capital town. Other settlements within the municipal assembly include Wulugu. Geography The Municipality is located within longitudes 0\u00b035\u2019W and 1\u00b045\u2019W and Latitude 9\u00b055\u2019N and 10\u00b035\u2019N. It has a total land size area of 2610.44 km2. It shares boundaries with East Mamprusi Municipal and Gushegu\n\nQuestion: Define Memphis Kiddie Park.", "output": "Memphis Kiddie Park is an 11-ride amusement park located in Brooklyn, Ohio, designed specifically for children and families."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bigfoot, also commonly referred to as Sasquatch, is a large and hairy human-like mythical creature purported to inhabit forests in North America, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. Enthusiasts of the subject have offered various forms of dubious evidence to prove Bigfoot's existence, including anecdotal claims of sightings, as well as alleged photographs, video and audio recordings, hair samples, and casts of large footprints. Most of this evidence has since been identified as hoaxes or misidentification. The majority of scientists do not find any of the remaining evidence compelling, and instead generally consider it to be the result of a combination of folklore, misidentification, and hoax, rather than a living animal. Folklorists trace the phenomenon of Bigfoot to a combination of factors and sources, including indigenous cultures, the European wild man figure, and folk tales. Wishful thinking, a cultural increase in environmental concerns, and overall societal awareness of the subject have\n\nAbiWord () is a free and open-source software word processor. It is written in C++ and since version 3 it is based on GTK+ 3. The name \"AbiWord\" is derived from the root of the Spanish word \"abierto\", meaning \"open\". AbiWord was originally started by SourceGear Corporation as the first part of a proposed AbiSuite but was adopted by open source developers after SourceGear changed its business focus and ceased development. It now runs on Linux, ReactOS, Solaris, AmigaOS 4.0 (through its Cygwin X11 engine), MeeGo (on the Nokia N9 smartphone), Maemo (on the Nokia N810), QNX and other operating systems. Development of a version for Microsoft Windows has temporarily ended due to lack of maintainers (the latest released versions are 2.8.6 and 2.9.4 beta). The macOS port has remained on version 2.4 since 2005, although the current version does run non-natively on macOS through XQuartz. AbiWord is part of\n\nCascadia Con was the eighth North American Science Fiction Convention, held in SeaTac, Washington, on September 1\u20135, 2005, at the Seattle Airport Hilton and Conference Center. This NASFiC was held because Glasgow, Scotland, was selected as the location for the 2005 Worldcon. Guests of honor Fred Saberhagen, writer (unable to attend due to illness) Liz Danforth, artist Kevin Standlee, fan Marc Abrahams, science Toni Weisskopf, editor Uffington Horse, special filk guest Hiroaki Inoue, anime Harry Harrison, special author guest (unable to attend due to illness) Information Events The first American showing of Charlie Jade was presented at Cascadia Con by Jeffrey Pierce and Robert Wertheimer. Trailers of Robotech: The Shadow Chronicles were first shown at Cascadia Con, presented by Chase Masterson. John and Bjo Trimble, with Marah Searle-Kovacevic, hosted a wake for James Doohan. Heinlein Award The Heinlein Award was presented by the Heinlein Society to Larry Niven and Jerry\n\nQuestion: What's Cascadia Con?", "output": "Cascadia Con was the eighth North American Science Fiction Convention, held in SeaTac, Washington, on September 1\u20135, 2005, at the Seattle Airport Hilton and Conference Center."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lachlan was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. During the first two Parliaments (1856\u20131859), there was an electorate in the same area called Lachlan and Lower Darling, named after the Lachlan and Darling Rivers. Lachlan was created in 1859 and abolished in 1880, partly replaced by Forbes. In 1894 Forbes was abolished and Lachlan was recreated. In 1920 Lachlan and Ashburnham were absorbed into Murrumbidgee and elected three members under proportional representation. At the end of proportional representation in 1927, Lachlan was recreated. It was abolished in 1950, recreated in 1981 and abolished in 2007. The abolition of Lachlan for the 2007 election prompted its member, former Deputy Premier Ian Armstrong to retire at that election rather than seek the option of remaining in Parliament by contesting another seat. Members for Lachlan Election results References Former electoral districts of New South\n\nSuzanne Maria Malveaux (; born December 4, 1966) is an American broadcast journalist. After joining CNN from NBC News in 2002, she co-anchored the CNN international news program Around the World and editions of CNN Newsroom and also served as the network's White House correspondent and as primary substitute to Wolf Blitzer on The Situation Room. She departed the network in 2023. Early life and education Malveaux was born in Lansing, Michigan, into a New Orleans\u2013based family, with parents both of Louisiana Creole origin: their roots are of French, Spanish, and African descent. Malveaux has stated that different members of her family identify as white, biracial, and/or black, and that she considers herself black. Her father, Floyd Joseph Malveaux, was a doctor who became the dean of the College of Medicine at Howard University; he was the executive director of the Merck Childhood Asthma Network and a founder of Howard\n\nJalal Jalalizadeh (born in Sanandaj) is an Iranian Kurdish politician, University of Tehran professor, and political activist. Jalalizadeh was advisor to Iran's interior minister and also a representative of Sanandaj in Iran's 6th parliament. He is now a member of Islamic Iran Participation Front (IIPF). In 2008 Jalalizadeh was sentenced to a year in prison after being charged with \"propaganda against the state\". Works Compilations and translations into Persian \"History of Jurisprudence and Jurists\" \"Kurds are descendants of the Medes\" \"The Last Journey (True Tragedy of a Kurdish Family)\" \"Talk Always\" \"The Exalted Passage\" \"Mirror of Sentences in Shafi'i Jurisprudence\" \"A Revolution in the Prophetic Tradition\" \"The Role of Marriage in Community Health\" \"History of the Principles of Jurisprudence\" \"Luminous Words\" \"Do we deserve democracy?\" \"Explanation of Problems\" \"Principles of Jurisprudence\" References Iranian Kurdish politicians Living people Members of the 6th Islamic Consultative Assembly Islamic Iran Participation Front politicians Kurdish\n\nQuestion: Who is Jalal Jalalizadeh?", "output": "Jalal Jalalizadeh is an Iranian Kurdish politician, University of Tehran professor, and political activist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Oxford University Boat Club (OUBC) is the rowing club for the University of Oxford, England, located on the River Thames at Oxford. The club was founded in the early 19th century. The Boat Race The club races against the Cambridge University Boat Club in The Boat Race on the Thames in London each year, with the Oxford boat based at the Westminster School Boat Club. The club also selects a reserve crew, Isis, to race the Cambridge reserve crew, Goldie, earlier on Boat Race day. OUBC was one of five clubs which retained the right until 2012 to appoint representatives to the Council of British Rowing. The others were Leander Club, London Rowing Club, Thames Rowing Club and Cambridge University Boat Club. College boat clubs Facilities OUBC's boat house on the Isis (as the Thames is known at Oxford) burnt down in 1999 and much archival material, including photographs, was\n\nBhakkar (), is the principal city of Bhakkar District located in Punjab, Pakistan. It lies on the left bank of the Indus River. It is the 86th largest city by population in Pakistan. It is famous for its mustard oil. Bhakkar was an important historical city. The towns of Bhakkar District are: Darya Khan, Dulle Wala, Kalor Kot, Mankera and Nawan Jandanwala. Administration Bhakkar city is also the administrative centre of Bhakkar Tehsil one of the four tehsils of the district. Bhakkar Tehsil is subdivided into 17 union councils, three of which form the city of Bhakkar. History Bhakkar was founded probably towards the close of the fifteenth century by a group of colonists from Dera Ismail Khan. During the 15th century, Bhakkar saw a struggle for power between Hassan Malik and Naveed Asghar. It came under Humayun's rule after he restored the Mughal empire and he appointed Khan Khanan\n\nMicroecosystems can exist in locations which are precisely defined by critical environmental factors within small or tiny spaces. Such factors may include temperature, pH, chemical milieu, nutrient supply, presence of symbionts or solid substrates, gaseous atmosphere (aerobic or anaerobic) etc. Some examples Pond microecosystems These microecosystems with limited water volume are often only of temporary duration and hence colonized by organisms which possess a drought-resistant spore stage in the lifecycle, or by organisms which do not need to live in water continuously. The ecosystem conditions applying at a typical pond edge can be quite different from those further from shore. Extremely space-limited water ecosystems can be found in, for example, the water collected in bromeliad leaf bases and the \"pitchers\" of Nepenthes. Animal gut microecosystems These include the buccal region (especially cavities in the gingiva), rumen, caecum etc. of mammalian herbivores or even invertebrate digestive tracts. In the case of\n\nQuestion: What is Bhakkar", "output": "Bhakkar, is the principal city of Bhakkar District located in Punjab, Pakistan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Coatham is an area of Redcar in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. History There is reputed to be an entry in the Doomsday book \u2013 the first recorded reference to Coatham as \"there is a Hamlet of Cotes (one-roomed cottages or shacks) on the beach where the people collect coal from boats from Hartlepool, to carry by pack animal to the Abbey at Guisborough for the heating for the monks there\". Probably the people of the Hamlet of Cotes were taxed accordingly, and the place became known as \"cote-ham\" or similar? Coatham can be traced back to the 12th century, when \"Roger son of William de Tocketts gave a salt-pan in 'Cotum' to Guisborough Priory.\" There was a significant port there, owned by the de Brus family in the 13th century. The weekly market of Kirkleatham parish was held in Coatham\n\nLothar Sp\u00e4th (16 November 1937 \u2013 18 March 2016) was a German politician of the CDU. Life Sp\u00e4th was born in Sigmaringen. From 30 August 1978 to 13 January 1991 Sp\u00e4th was the 5th Minister President of Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg and chairman of the CDU Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, serving as the 36th President of the Bundesrat in 1984/85. After leaving politics, Sp\u00e4th headed the Jenoptik company, one of the few former Eastern German state owned enterprises, which survived the transformation into a market economy in a united Germany. He stayed there until 2003. Then he became president of the Industrie- und Handelskammer East-Thuringia in Gera. In order to support medium-sized companies in opening up foreign markets, he set up the \"Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg Export Foundation\" in 1984, today Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg International. In 1989, he sponsored the publication of an art portfolio called Kinderstern, featuring original drawings by Sol LeWitt, J\u00f6rg Immendorff, Sigmar Polke, Max Bill, Heinz Mack,\n\nPraxeas (Greek: \u03a0\u03c1\u03b1\u03be\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2) was a Monarchian from Asia Minor who lived in the end of the 2nd century/beginning of the 3rd century. He believed in the unity of the Godhead and vehemently disagreed with any attempt at division of the personalities or personages of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit in the Christian Church. He was opposed by Tertullian in his tract Against Praxeas (Adversus Praxean), and was influential in preventing the Roman Church from granting recognition to the New Prophecy. An early anti-Montanist, he is known only by virtue of Tertullian's book \"Adversus Praxean\". His name in the list of heresies appended to the \"De Praescriptionibus\" of that writer (an anonymous epitome of the lost \"Syntagma\" of Hippolytus) is a correction made by some ancient diorthotes for Noetus. He taught Monarchian doctrine there, or at least a doctrine which Tertullian regarded as Monarchian: \"Paracletum fugavit et patrem crucifixit.\"- \"Having\n\nQuestion: Who is Lothar Sp\u00e4th?", "output": "Lothar Sp\u00e4th was a German politician of the CDU."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Club Mondo Bizarre \u2013 For Members Only is the third album of the Austrian death metal band Pungent Stench. It was originally released in 1994 on Nuclear Blast. The lyrical subject matter has shifted from cannibalism to BDSM and other extreme forms of sexual acts. The album booklet shows various weird pornographic images that are slightly censored in black and white, but also a fully censored cover exists. Four songs had been put on the album as hidden tracks, being a karaoke version - i.e. without the main vocals. The idea was that fans could send their versions of the songs to the band and the best performances would appear on-stage with Pungent Stench. This never happened as the band fell apart shortly after this release. Musical style Pungent Stench toned down their extreme metal roots on their third record, similar to what Carcass did on Heartwork and Entombed on\n\nA quadruple reed is a type of reed by means of which the sound is originated in various wind instruments. The term \"quadruple reed\" comes from the fact that there are four pieces of dried palm leaf vibrating against each other, in pairs. A quadruple reed, such as the Thai pinai, operates in a similar way as the double reed and produces a timbre similar to the oboe. The Arabic pii chawaa is \"sometimes described as having a double reed, though this is actually folded yet again, creating four layers of reed and thus requiring considerable lung power to play\". Presumably a quadruple reed is folded twice, in opposite directions, instead of once (\\/\\ or \\/\\/ instead of \\/ shaped), or either folded twice in the same direction or wrapped around (\u25ce instead of \u25cb shaped). Both options could result in what may be considered a reed of quadruple thickness.\n\nBlack Patch Park is a park in Smethwick, West Midlands, England. It is bounded by Foundry Lane, Woodburn Road, Perrott Street and Kitchener Street, at . The park, covering over , was part of a sparsely populated landscape of commons and woodland (known as The Black Patch), dotted with farms and cottages which has been transformed from heath to farmland then to a carefully laid out municipal park surrounded by engineering companies employing thousands of people; Tangyes, Nettlefolds, (later GKN plc), the Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company, Birmingham Aluminium Castings, ironworks, glassmaking and brewing. These factories, including the Soho Foundry, started by James Watt and Matthew Boulton are, but for foundations and frontages, almost all gone. Much of what is known about Black Patch Chaplin Park appears in a book by Ted Rudge, developed from an Open University degree thesis, and published by Birmingham City Council in 2003. Rudge's\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Club Mondo Bizarre \u2013 For Members Only is.", "output": "Club Mondo Bizarre \u2013 For Members Only is the third album of the Austrian death metal band Pungent Stench."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Monster Max is a 1994 action-adventure puzzle video game developed by Rare and published by Titus France in Europe for the Game Boy. The player is the titular aspiring rock star, who, in an attempt to fight King Krond who bans all music, traverses nine floors of the Mega Hero Academy. Floors consist of diversely-designed rooms of puzzles to solve, the player having to figure out the order of actions to take. The game was specifically developed by a three-member team, which consisted of Jon Ritman for programming and design, Bernie Drummond for graphics, and David Wise for music. Ritman and Drummond, before joining Rare, developed isometric games for Ocean Software, including Batman (1986) and Head over Heels (1987). As a result of the failure of an arcade football game to be completed for the company, Ritman and Drummond did not have any publicity with their work for seven years.\n\nThere's Something About Remy: Based on a True Story is the debut studio album by American rapper Remy Ma. It was released on February 7, 2006, by SRC Records, Universal Records and Terror Squad Entertainment. The album's release date served as the sixth anniversary of her mentor Big Pun's death. The title and cover art coincides with the 1998 film There's Something About Mary. The album sold over 35,000 copies in its first week and as of 2007, has sold over 160,000 copies. Background While growing up with her sister Kristin Devereaux, in Castle Hill Projects in the Bronx, New York, Remy Ma often saw the consequences and terrors of her family's drug abuse with her own eyes. She was forced to take care of her little brothers and sisters at her young age and retreated from her home issues by writing poetry. Her reputation quickly grew around the Bronx\n\nGaven is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland. It was created out of the former district of Nerang and the southern segment of Albert in the 2001 redistribution, and encompasses the northern growth corridor of the Gold Coast. The current Member of Parliament is Meaghan Scanlon of the Labor Party. It is currently the only Labor-held seat on the Gold Coast. History Gaven was created in 1999, named after the Gaven Way (a section of the Pacific Motorway). When it was created, it was a notionally conservative seat, part of the old South Coast electorate held for 14 years by Russ Hinze (commonly known as Sir Joh's \"Minister for Everything\"), and was contested for the conservative National Party by the incumbent member for Albert, Bill Baumann, at the 2001 election. However, amid a statewide landslide victory for the Labor Party, the seat fell\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Electoral district of Gaven is.", "output": "Gaven  is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Fawcett Society is a membership charity in the United Kingdom which campaigns for women's rights. The organisation dates back to 1866, when Millicent Garrett Fawcett dedicated her life to the peaceful campaign for women's suffrage. Originally named the London National Society for Women's Suffrage, and later as the London Society for Women's Suffrage, the organization was renamed The Fawcett Society in 1953. It is a charity registered with the Charity Commission and has a membership of around 3,000. Its supporters include Carrie Gracie, Emma Thompson, and Ophelia Lovibond. The organisation's vision is a society in which women and girls in all their diversity are equal and free to fulfil their potential, creating a stronger, happier, better future for all. Its key areas of campaign work include equal pay, equal power, tackling gender norms and stereotypes and defending women's rights. The Society publishes its own research and aims to bring\n\nHenry Robinson Towne (August 24, 1844 \u2013 October 15, 1924) was an American mechanical engineer and businessman, known as an early systematizer of management. He donated several millions to philanthropy at his death, in 1924. Biography Towne was born in Philadelphia in 1844 to John Henry and Maria (Tevis) T. Towne. He attended the University of Pennsylvania from 1861 to 1862, where he was a member of St. Anthony Hall, but did not complete a degree. The university later awarded him an honorary master's degree. Early career Following his year of college, Towne found work as a draftsman at the Port Richmond Iron Works, which was owned by I. P. Morris, Towne & Co. In 1863, Towne was put in charge of repair work for the union gunboat Massachusetts. During 1864-1866, Towne was placed in charge of erecting engines in monitors for the United States Navy. After the war, Towne\n\nHellenic Aerospace Industry (HAI) () is the leading aerospace company of Greece. The company headquarters is located in Tanagra, 65 kilometers north-west of Athens, with the industrial complex covering an area of 200,000 sq.m. The company has undertaken over the years extensive subcontracting work with major international aerospace companies such as Boeing, Airbus, Alenia, Lockheed Martin, Raytheon, EADS and others. The company has also accomplished original developments in unmanned aviation structures, military electronics, telecommunications equipment, night vision equipment, wind generators and composite material technology. Original designs include a number of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, the Pegasus and Pegasus II UAVs, first flown in 1982 and still in service with the Hellenic Air Force. Industrial capability is organized by production centers geared to deliver high technology services and products in a wide range of activities, that include: Military aircraft and engine maintenance, repair, overhaul, modifications, upgrades and logistics support Development, design, manufacturing\n\nQuestion: What is Fawcett Society", "output": "The Fawcett Society is a membership charity in the United Kingdom which campaigns for women's rights."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Richard Warren Pousette-Dart (June 8, 1916 \u2013 October 25, 1992) was an American abstract expressionist artist most recognized as a founder of the New York School of painting. His artistic output also includes drawing, sculpture, and fine-art photography. Early life Richard Pousette-Dart was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota and moved to Valhalla, New York in 1918. His mother, Flora Louise Pousette-Dart (n\u00e9e Dart), was a poet and musician; his father, Nathaniel J. Pousette-Dart (n\u00e9 Pousette), was a painter, art director, educator and writer about art. His parents had combined their last names to form Pousette-Dart upon marrying. Pousette-Dart began painting and drawing by the age of eight, and in 1928 was featured in a New York Times photograph showing Richard and his father sketching each other's portraits. He attended the Scarborough School and by his teens possessed well-formed views about abstract art, writing in a psychology paper, \"The greater the\n\nCHAT-TV (analogue channel 6) is a television station in Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada, affiliated with Citytv. Owned by the Jim Pattison Broadcast Group, the station has studios at 10 Boundary Road SE in the nearby town of Redcliff, and its transmitter is located near the Trans-Canada Highway and Range Road 80, northwest of Redcliff. CHAT also operates rebroadcasters in Pivot (CHAT-TV-1, channel 4) and Maple Creek, Saskatchewan (CHAT-TV-2, channel 6). History CHAT-TV began broadcasting on September 14, 1957, on VHF channel 6, with a transmitter power output of 5,700 watts. The station was owned by Monarch Broadcasting Company Ltd., which was operated by J. H. \"Hop\" Yuill, and was co-owned with local radio station CHAT (1270 AM, now on 94.5 FM). CHAT-TV was the fourth television station in Alberta to sign on the air, and its launch was presided over by then-premier Ernest Manning. CHAT-TV's first general manager was R.J.\n\n\"Resurrection Ship\" is a two-part episode of the reimagined Battlestar Galactica television series. Part 1 aired originally on the Sci Fi Channel on January 6, 2006, and Part 2 aired on January 13, 2006. It was the first episode broadcast after a hiatus following the broadcast of the previous episode, \"Pegasus\", on September 23, 2005. In the episode, Admiral Helena Cain and Commander William Adama call a truce but plan to assassinate each other. The humans destroy a Cylon fleet that includes a resurrection ship. Cain and Adama both cancel their plots, but Gina escapes from the Pegasus brig and kills Cain. \"Resurrection Ship\" received positive critical reviews. Plot In \"The Farm\", Starbuck promised Sam Anders she would return to Caprica to rescue him. In \"Pegasus\", Apollo and Starbuck plotted to steal the stealth-capable Blackbird to obtain reconnaissance photos of a mysterious ship escorted by a large Cylon fleet. Cain\n\nQuestion: What is CHAT-TV?", "output": "CHAT-TV is a television station in Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada, affiliated with Citytv."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Programmed learning (or programmed instruction) is a research-based system which helps learners work successfully. The method is guided by research done by a variety of applied psychologists and educators. The learning material is in a kind of textbook or teaching machine or computer. The medium presents the material in a logical and tested sequence. The text is in small steps or larger chunks. After each step, learners are given a question to test their comprehension. Then immediately the correct answer is shown. This means the learner at all stages makes responses, and is given immediate knowledge of results. Anticipating programmed learning, Edward L. Thorndike wrote in 1912: Thorndike, however, did nothing with his idea. The first such system was devised by Sidney L. Pressey in 1926. \"The first... [teaching machine] was developed by Sidney L. Pressey... While originally developed as a self-scoring machine... [it] demonstrated its ability to actually teach.\"\n\nTomorrow Will Never Come is a 2003 EP by American metal band Agalloch. It was released by The End Records in a limited edition of 500 copies, hand-initialed by bassist Jason William Walton. Track listing Information When asked about the title track (\"Tomorrow Will Never Come\") during a lecture at the University of Victoria, Agalloch guitarist Don Anderson said: \"It\u2019s a song that is close to me in many ways. The idea was developed during a time when I was very interested in schizophrenia and the mentally ill. The sample was taken from a documentary I watched whilst taking a 'domain of the sciences & society' course at the university. We were studying medicine and the mentally ill. We watched this video (from the prof's personal library) and I was incredibly moved by the son's conversation with his father. I wanted to use it for Sculptured originally, but this track\n\nXenacanthida (or Xenacanthiforms) is a super-order of extinct shark-like chondrichthyans known from the Carboniferous to Triassic. They were native to freshwater, marginal marine and shallow marine habitats. Some xenacanths may have grown to lengths of . Most xenacanths died out at the end of the Permian in the End-Permian Mass Extinction, with only a few forms surviving into the Triassic. Description The foundation of the tooth is prolonged lingually with a circlet button and a basal tubercle on the oral and aboral surfaces individually. Xenacanthida's teeth are famed by articulated bones, cephalic vertebrae and isolated teeth and found global in each aquatic and clean environment. The family Xenacanthidae consist of five genera that are Xenacanthus, Triodus, Plicatodus, Mooreodontus and Wurdigneria; all of these are distinguished by cross sections of the points, crown center, length of the median edge, type of vertical cristae, and microscopic anatomy. These kinds of fishes are\n\nQuestion: What is Xenacanthida", "output": "Xenacanthida is a super-order of extinct shark-like chondrichthyans known from the Carboniferous to Triassic."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Texas Tech University System is a Public university system in Texas with five member universities. Headquartered in Lubbock, Texas, the Texas Tech University System is a $2.5 billion enterprise focused on advancing higher education, health care, research, and outreach with approximately 21,000 employees, more than 63,000 students, nearly 370,000 alumni and an endowment valued at $1.7 billion. In its short history (established in 1996), the TTU System has grown tremendously with 24 academic locations statewide and internationally. History On February 10, 1923, Texas Technological College (now named Texas Tech University) was founded, and that August, a committee selected to locate the institution in Lubbock. The Board of Directors of Texas Technological College (now named the Board of Regents of the Texas Tech University System) was established to oversee the institution. In 1969, the Texas Tech University School of Medicine (now named Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center), was founded\n\nCastlemitchell GFC is a Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club in County Kildare, Ireland who reached senior status in the 1950s and again in the 1990s from a small catchment area, and is home club of 1998 All Ireland finalist Christy Byrne. It is also the home club Tadhg Fennin who still plays for the men's senior team, a 2000 Leinster Championship winner with Kildare also scoring a goal in the final that day against Dublin. History The area west of Athy has had organized football since the foundation of the GAA. RIC records from 1890 show that Foxhill club had 50 members with officers listed as Lewis Higgins, Laurence Cullen and Thomas Malone. Joe Bermingham and Jim Connor founded Castlemitchell club in 1939 and were nicknamed the \"sanpits\". They purchased their own field in 1999, located about 2.5 km (1.5 mi) northeast of Castlemitchell village. Gaelic football Castlemitchell played in\n\nMajor General George Alan Vasey, (29 March 1895 \u2013 5 March 1945) was an Australian Army officer. He rose to the rank of major general during the Second World War, before being killed in a plane crash near Cairns in 1945. A professional soldier, Vasey graduated from Royal Military College, Duntroon in 1915 and served on the Western Front with the Australian Imperial Force, for which he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and twice Mentioned in Despatches. For nearly twenty years, Vasey remained in the rank of major, serving on staff posts in Australia and with the Indian Army. Shortly after the outbreak of Second World War in September 1939, Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Blamey appointed Vasey to the staff of the 6th Division. In March 1941, Vasey took command of 19th Infantry Brigade, which he led in the Battle of Greece and Battle of Crete. Returning to Australia\n\nQuestion: What is Castlemitchell GAA", "output": "Castlemitchell GFC is a Gaelic Athletic Association club in County Kildare, Ireland who reached senior status in the 1950s and again in the 1990s from a small catchment area, and is home club of 1998 All Ireland finalist Christy Byrne."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Anchor Stone Blocks () are components of stone construction sets made in Rudolstadt, Germany, marketed as a construction toy. Description Anchor Stone pieces are made of a mixture of quartz sand, chalk, and linseed oil (German Patent 13,770; US Patent 233,780), precisely pressed in molds so that they fit together perfectly. The stones come in three colors in imitation of the red brick, tan limestone, and blue slate of European buildings. They are not recommended for play by children under 3 years of age because of their small size (CE No. 0494). History Origin Anchor stones originated with the wooden building blocks designed by Friedrich Fr\u00f6bel, the creator of the Kindergarten system of education. He had observed how children enjoyed playing with geometrically-shaped blocks. The first Anchor Stone was produced when Otto Lilienthal and his brother Gustav decided to make a model of a stone building, using miniature blocks of\n\nPerilla ketone is a natural terpenoid that consists of a furan ring with a six-carbon side chain containing a ketone functional group. It is a colorless oil that is sensitive to oxygen, becoming colored upon standing. The ketone was identified in 1943 by Sebe as the main component of the essential oil of Perilla frutescens. Perilla ketone is present in the leaves and seeds of purple mint (Perilla frutescens), which is toxic to some animals. When cattle and horses consume purple mint when grazing in fields in which it grows, the perilla ketone causes pulmonary edema leading to a condition sometimes called perilla mint toxicosis. Synthesis Perilla ketone was synthesized in 1957 by Matsuura from 3-furoyl chloride and an organocadmium compound similar to the Gilman reagent made from an isoamyl Grignard reagent and cadmium chloride. Perilla ketone has also been prepared in 74% yield via the Stille reaction from a\n\nR v Coney (1882) 8 QBD 534 is an English case in which the Court for Crown Cases Reserved found that a bare-knuckle fight was an assault occasioning actual bodily harm, despite the consent of the participants. This marked the end of widespread public bare-knuckle contests in England. The case also found that voluntary attendance as a spectator was evidence that could be put to the jury to support a charge of aiding and abetting the assault. It was found however that an ordinary citizen is not under any duty to prevent an offence being committed and that failing to prevent it does not create liability as an accomplice. Application The principles laid down have been applied or nuanced (distinguished) in consensual crime precedents. See R v Brown for a selection of scenarios in which the prohibition of actual bodily harm applies and where, for example in running the risk\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Anchor Stone Blocks is.", "output": "Anchor Stone Blocks are components  of stone construction sets made in Rudolstadt, Germany, marketed as a construction toy."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Brett Trevor Holman (born 27 March 1984) is a former Australian professional footballer who last played for Brisbane Roar in the A-League as an attacking midfielder. Born in Sydney, Holman played youth football for Northern Spirit before making his senior debut for Parramatta Power. He then moved to the Netherlands, where he played for a number of years before moving to Aston Villa in 2012 to play in the English Premier League. Holman moved to the UAE one year later, before returning to Australia to play for Brisbane Roar in 2016. Holman represented Australia over 60 times between 2006 and 2013, scoring eight goals. This included goals at the 2010 FIFA World Cup and the 2011 AFC Asian Cup. He had previously represented Australia several times at youth level, including travelling to the 2004 Summer Olympics and the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship. Early life Brett Holman was born in\n\nThe Hartford Symphony Orchestra (HSO) is an American orchestra based in Hartford, Connecticut. Overview The orchestra presents more than 100 concerts annually to audiences numbering more than 110,000. The Hartford Symphony Orchestra\u2019s extensive array of Education and Community Activities serves more than 22,000 individuals in Hartford and surrounding communities annually. The Hartford Symphony Orchestra is supported by nearly 4,500 subscribers and over 2,000 donors. The organization has been greatly strengthened by an extensive level of communication and involvement with its musicians that has become a national model for orchestral governance. Now representing 15% of the board of directors and one-third of its executive committee, musicians also serve on all major Board committees. History 1930s The Federal government established the Federal Emergency Relief Corporation, which included a program to help struggling musicians through the economic depression. Amateur musician and businessman Francis Goodwin II, considered today to be the \u201cFather of the\n\nWayne Towne Center is a regional shopping center located in Wayne, New Jersey, in the New York City metropolitan area, adjacent to Willowbrook Mall along Willowbrook Boulevard. As of 2008, the mall had a gross leasable area of . The center formerly operated as an indoor shopping mall from the time when JCPenney was built, in the late 1980s, until its de-malling in 2008. The inner portion of the mall, which had one floor has since been demolished. The center is anchored by JCPenney, Costco, Dick's Sporting Goods, Nordstrom Rack, and UFC Fit. Of the five anchors, JCPenney has been there the longest as it was built along with the original mall. Costco had previously been located in a former Price Club in another shopping center across Willowbrook Boulevard, and decided to move to Wayne Towne Center and its own building when its lease expired. Dick's had long been attached\n\nQuestion: What's Hartford Symphony Orchestra?", "output": "The Hartford Symphony Orchestra is an American orchestra based in Hartford, Connecticut."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Semiahmoo Shopping Centre ( ) is an indoor shopping mall on the Semiahmoo peninsula in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. Opened in 1980, the shopping centre is named after the nearby Semiahmoo Bay and is currently anchored by Save-On-Foods and Winners. History The mall opened with a Kmart discount department store as an anchor tenant featuring an Automotive Centre and a Kmart Cafeteria. Kmart closed this location in 1998. In 2013, the mall featured one of only three remaining Zellers-branded department stores still operating in the country, with plans for the brand to continue as a crossover with Hudson's Bay. In June 2014, First Capital announced that the Zellers store would close and be replaced by another retailer. It was confirmed on May 15, 2019, that a Winners store would be replacing the former Zellers. Redevelopment Bosa Properties purchased the mall in 2002 and had major plans to expand and redevelop\n\nNot with a Bang was a short-lived British television sitcom produced by LWT for ITV in 1990. It ran for seven episodes, each 30 minutes long. The show was a dark science fiction comedy, focusing on the end of the human race on Earth. The title comes from the last line of T. S. Eliot's poem The Hollow Men \"not with a bang, but a whimper\"; The concept for the series originates from a self-contained 1986 Radio 4 afternoon play of the same title, from which Mike Grady was the only cast member to reprise his role in the television series. Premise The pilot episode of Not with a Bang begins with a spoof episode of the iconic BBC show Tomorrow's World, (which is also a nod to the opening titles of apocalyptic drama series Survivors) where Judith Hann is presenting a story on how scientists have apparently isolated the\n\nThe Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia () are the military forces of Croatia. The President is the Armed Forces Commander-in-Chief, and exercises administrative powers in times of war by giving orders to the chief of staff, while administration and defence policy execution in peacetime is carried out by the Government through the Ministry of Defence. This unified institution consists of land, sea, and air branches referred to as: Croatian Army (Hrvatska kopnena vojska - HKoV) Croatian Navy (Hrvatska ratna mornarica - HRM) Croatian Air Force (Hrvatsko ratno zrakoplovstvo - HRZ) The Croatian Armed Forces are charged with protecting the Republic as well as supporting international peacekeeping efforts, when mandated by the NATO, United Nations and/or European Union. The Army has 650 AFVs, around 150 pieces of artillery, 100 MLRSs, around 75 tanks, and 25 SPGs. The Air Force has 12 MiG-21 jet fighters, 10 combat-transport Mi-171 and 16\n\nQuestion: What is Semiahmoo Shopping Centre", "output": "Semiahmoo Shopping Centre is an indoor shopping mall on the Semiahmoo peninsula in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Pleaman Wellington Crummey JP (1891\u20131960) was a public figure in the Dominion of Newfoundland and the Province of Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador). He was born at Western Bay, Conception Bay. Family P.W. Crummey's father was Captain Eli Crummey of Western Bay. His mother was Emma Butt of Broad Cove. On July 14, 1926, he married his childhood sweetheart Florence Belle Kennedy. Crummey's family was long-involved in the Atlantic cod fishery. His grandfather James Cromey was the owner/operator of a merchant station located on South Wolf Island near Indian Tickle Groswater Bay. Education P.W. Crummey received a high school certificate from The Methodist College (predecessor of Prince of Wales Collegiate) in St. John's and received an associate of arts diploma from the State University of New York, in Oswego, U.S.A. Employment In 1919, P.W. Crummey joined the Ministry of Marine and Shipping. He spent the summers plying the Labrador coast\n\nMaurice Darnell Ager (born February 9, 1984) is an American former professional basketball player. He played at the collegiate level for the Michigan State Spartans from 2002 until 2006, and earned a spot on the 19-and-under USA basketball team in the summer of 2004. As a junior, Ager led the Spartans to the NCAA Final Four in 2005, averaging 14 points per game. As a senior, Ager led the Big Ten in scoring, averaging just below 20 points per contest, and participated in the dunk contest at the 2006 Final Four. Ager was selected by the Dallas Mavericks in the NBA draft with the 28th overall pick. In 2008, Ager was included in a trade between the Dallas Mavericks and New Jersey Nets. Ager is also a music producer and was considered for a Grammy Award for his song \"Far From Home.\" Ager released his debut album, Moe Town Vol.\n\nLars V\u00e5gberg (born 30 June 1967 in Sollefte\u00e5, Sweden) is a Norwegian curler from B\u00e6rum. V\u00e5gberg began his international curling career in Sweden. In his first international tournament, he was the second Mikael Hasselborg's 1990 European Curling Championships winning team. With Hasselborg, he would finish 7th at the World Curling Championships in 1992 and won a bronze medal at the 1994 European Championships. By 1997 V\u00e5gberg had moved to Norway. The 1997 World Championships would be the first for V\u00e5gberg as a Norwegian, and he played third for P\u00e5l Trulsen. While they finished 7th that year, the team would later go on to win two bronze medals (2001, 2003) and a silver (2002) at the Worlds. Most notably however was their victory at the 2002 Winter Olympics when they defeated Canadas' Kevin Martin in the final. The team added to their success with their first gold medal at the European\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Maurice Ager.", "output": "Maurice Darnell Ager is an American former professional basketball player."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hutton Grammar School is a voluntary aided ie state-funded Church of England comprehensive day school for boys, with a co-educational Sixth Form. It is located south west of Preston, Lancashire, in Hutton, England. It provides education for boys from the age of 11 to 16, and in the Sixth Form (since 1979) for both boys and girls. The school no longer offers boarding. The school is ranked 5th in the league tables in the North-West and 2nd place for AS-A2 results. It was also the Lancashire Rugby School of the Year, for two years running, for 2007 and 2008. Hutton has also achieved Specialist Schools Status accreditation in Mathematics and Computing. History The school can trace its antecedents back to 1517, with the school building site being personally approved by Henry VIII in that year. In 1520, the school was granted permission, by William Walton, a former priest of Longton,\n\nClub X is a short-lived 1989 Channel 4 arts and music magazine programme that is often cited as an example of TV Hell. Details The production and presentation team was largely taken from the earlier Channel 4 success Network 7 and had the same editor Charlie Parsons. At the time Club X was commissioned Channel 4's new Chief Executive Michael Grade was attempting to make the channel's cultural programming more accessible, a process regarded by some as dumbing down. The Club X format was intended to blend items on relatively high-brow arts with the kind of quirky stories and items that had been features of Network 7, such as feminist pornography. Club X was broadcast live over 23 weeks during Summer 1989 in a Wednesday night 90-minute slot scheduled directly against BBC2's new arts magazine The Late Show, another production by Network 7 graduates. There was an edited repeat the\n\nHermann B\u00f6se (May 4, 1870, Hemelingen \u2013 July 17, 1943, Bremen) was a German music teacher and conductor at the Hermann-B\u00f6se-Gymnasium, which was named after him, as well as a communist activist. He was also conductor of the ultra left \"Workers - Singing Union in Bremen\". Life B\u00f6se was born in Hemelingen on May 4, 1870. He was one of eight children. His father, Johann B\u00f6se, was a head teacher in Hemelingen which at that time was part of Prussia. Hermann B\u00f6se, along with three of his brothers, also worked as teachers. Between 1897 and 1907, he worked at the deaf-mute institute in Bremen. During the German Revolution of 1918-1919, B\u00f6se became the Bremen Soviet Republic's head of the People's Commissariat for Education. In this position, B\u00f6se prohibited religious education. Since B\u00f6se was a convinced communist, and after the Nazi seizure of power he lost his pension. He was arrested\n\nQuestion: Define Hermann B\u00f6se.", "output": "Hermann B\u00f6se was a German music teacher and conductor at the Hermann-B\u00f6se-Gymnasium, which was named after him, as well as a communist activist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": ", also known as Fairy Princess Ren, is an anime OVA directed by Akitaro Daichi. It was released on VHS and DVD in North America by Media Blasters. The North American release contains a preview for a third OVA episode that was never produced; it's listed as an \"evil preview.\" Plot Gou has vowed to find the legendary treasure of Salamander. Searching for it he meets Rane, a fairy, who is looking for the four treasures of Heart. Gou's childhood friend Mari is frustrated with Gou running after treasures, but befriends with another fairy Lean. Gou and Rane's treasure hunt messes with a secret project led by Mari's father. It turns out Salamander isn't what Gou thought it was in the first place... Characters Cast Episodes External links Review by ANN Review by T.H.E.M. Anime Review by Mania.com Review by The Anime Critic 1995 anime OVAs Fantasy anime and manga\n\nBodin is a parish and former municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1968. It was a large municipality encompassing all of the mainland area around the town of Bod\u00f8 and part of the land on the southern shore of the Saltfjorden. The municipality also included over of islands, notably the islands of Helligv\u00e6r, Landegode, Bliksv\u00e6r, and Giv\u00e6r plus numerous others. In all there were over 700 islands, islets, and skerries in Bodin Municipality. All of what was Bodin Municipality now lies entirely inside the present-day Bod\u00f8 Municipality. The present-day parish of Bodin represents the mainland area immediately surrounding the town of Bod\u00f8 and the western islands. The main church for the parish is the historic Bodin Church. History The municipality of Bod\u00f8 landdistrikt was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). It included the rural areas surrounding the\n\nRobert Kennon Hargrove (1829\u20131905) was an American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, elected in 1882. Biography Robert Kennon Hargrove was born on September 17, 1829, in Pickens County, Alabama. He was converted to Christianity at the age of eleven. He graduated from the University of Alabama in 1852. He was a professor of Pure Mathematics at his alma mater, the University of Alabama, from 1853 to 1857. He entered the traveling ministry of the Alabama Annual Conference in 1857. Prior to his election to the episcopacy, he served as a pastor and a presiding elder. He was President of the Centenary Institute in Summerfield, Alabama, 1865\u201367, and of Tennessee Female College in the 1870s. He was a member of the Cape May Commission in 1876. He was the first to urge a bond scheme, which saved the Publishing House of the M.E. Church, South. He originated the Women's\n\nQuestion: What is Elf Princess Rane?", "output": ", also known as Fairy Princess Ren, is an anime OVA directed by Akitaro Daichi."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Choe Jong-gil, sometimes romanized as Tsche Chong-kil (April 28, 1931 in Gongju \u2013 October 19, 1973 in Seoul) was a professor at the Law College of Seoul National University. For years, the government denied any involvement in his death, but in 2002 the Presidential Truth Commission announced the results of its investigation: during interrogation by the KCIA he fell, or was thrown, from a seventh story window; he is also believed to have been tortured. In 2006 the government was ordered to pay 184 million won in damages; an intelligence agent who had accused him of spying for North Korea was ordered to pay an additional 20 million. See also History of South Korea Human rights in South Korea External links Truth Commission site, in Korean and English \"State Held Liable for Academic's 1973 Defenestration\", The Chosun Ilbo, February 14, 2006. \"The Final Truth About Tsche Chong Kil\", the Hankyoreh,\n\nThe NIN Award (, \u041d\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430), officially the Award for Best Novel of the Year, is a prestigious Serbian (and previously Yugoslavian) literary award established in 1954 by the NIN weekly and is given annually for the best newly published novel written in Serbian (previously in Serbo-Croatian). The award is presented every year in January by a panel of writers and critics. In addition to being a highly acclaimed award capable of transforming writers' literary careers, the award is also sought after because it virtually assures bestseller status for the winning novel. The literary website complete review called it the \"leading Serbian literary prize\" in 2012. Between 1954 and 1957, the award was given to the best novel published in Yugoslavia, regardless of the language, but all the novels awarded in this period were written in Serbo-Croatian language. Starting in 1958, only novels written in Serbo-Croatian were eligible. Starting in\n\nRobert Noel Hall (December 25, 1919 \u2013 November 7, 2016) was an American engineer and applied physicist. He demonstrated the first semiconductor laser and invented a type of magnetron commonly used in microwave ovens. He also contributed to the development of rectifiers for power transmission. Biography Robert N. Hall was born on December 25, 1919, in New Haven, Connecticut. He was first inspired by his inventor uncle, who showed him the wonders of small inventions and experimentation. After long studies at his local library, Hall decided to attempt controlled experiments of his own with his mother's approval. He built an 8-inch telescope, which produced a close-up view of Saturn. Later on, an interviewer from the California Institute of Technology visited him and offered a scholarship to attend the university. Hall studied there for three years but had to leave for financial reasons. After working at Lockheed Aircraft as a tester,\n\nQuestion: What's Robert N. Hall?", "output": "Robert Noel Hall was an American engineer and applied physicist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Western & Southern Financial Group, also commonly referred to as Western & Southern, is a Cincinnati, Ohio-based diversified company of financial services subsidiaries with $111.6 billion in assets owned and managed as of December 2021. As of 2022, it held a \"AA- Very Strong\" rating from Standard & Poor's, a \"A+ Superior\" from A.M. Best, a \"AA Very Strong\" from Fitch, a \"Aa3 Excellent\" from Moody's, and a \"96 out of 100\" Comdex ranking. Through its subsidiaries, Western & Southern offers a variety of financial services such as life insurance, annuities, mutual funds and investment management. Subsidiaries include Western & Southern Life Insurance Co, Western-Southern Life Assurance Co, Columbus Life Insurance Co, Gerber Life Insurance Company, Integrity Life Insurance Co, National Integrity Life Insurance Co, Lafayette Life Insurance Co, IFS Financial Services, Fort Washington Investment Advisors, Touchstone Investments, and Eagle Realty Group. History Western & Southern hosts the Western &\n\nThe Tripartite Alliance is an alliance between the African National Congress (ANC), the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African Communist Party (SACP). The ANC holds a majority in the South African parliament, while the SACP and COSATU have not contested any democratic election in South Africa. The Alliance was forged in 1990 after the release of Nelson Mandela. The movements were opposed to white minority rule by the apartheid government. The Tripartite Alliance is also known as the Revolutionary Alliance or just the Alliance. Constituent parties The NPF is currently composed of the following political parties: See also Congress Alliance References External links The ANC now at a fork in the road How the Tripartite Alliance works COSATU and the Tripartite Alliance since 1994 The ideological differences within the Tripartite Alliance: What now for the left? Statement of the Alliance Political Council Politics of South\n\nUniversities Allied for Essential Medicines (UAEM) is a student-led organization working to improve access to and affordability of medicines around the world, and to increase research and development of drugs for neglected tropical diseases. Supported by an active board of directors and guided by an advisory board that includes Partners in Health co-founder Paul Farmer and Nobel Laureate Sir John Sulston, UAEM has mobilized hundreds of students on more than 100 campuses in more than 20 countries. These student advocates have convinced universities worldwide to adopt equitable global access licensing policies for licensing their medical research, in order to make life-saving health innovations affordable and accessible in low and middle income countries. UAEM has published two student-led research projects\u2014the University Report Card, which ranks universities on their contributions to global health and has received coverage in The New York Times and others; and Re:Route, a mapping of biomedical research and\n\nQuestion: What is Tripartite Alliance", "output": "The Tripartite Alliance is an alliance between the African National Congress, the Congress of South African Trade Unions and the South African Communist Party."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Swale Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for three year old horses at the distance of seven furlongs on the dirt held annually in January at Gulfstream Park, Hallandale Beach, Florida. The event currently carries a purse of $125,000. History The race was named in honor of Claiborne Farm's brilliant colt Swale who won the 1984 Florida Derby, Kentucky Derby and the Belmont Stakes but who died suddenly of a heart attack eight days after his Belmont victory. In 2021 Claiborne Farm are the sponsors of the event. The inaugural running of the event was on 2 March 1985 as the tenth race on the Florida Derby racecard over a distance of seven furlongs. The event was won by the 1984 United States Champion 2-year-old colt, Chief's Crown who was resuming after his Breeders' Cup Juvenile victory at Hollywood Park Racetrack victory easily dispatched the field\n\nKrista Lee McCarville (born Krista Lee Scharf on November 10, 1982) is a Canadian curler from Thunder Bay, Ontario. McCarville is a four-time Northern Ontario junior champion, the 2003 Winter Universiade silver medallist, a four-time Ontario provincial champion, a four-time Northern Ontario provincial champion, and a two-time Canadian national medallist. During her junior career, McCarville competed at four Canadian Junior Curling Championships for Team Northern Ontario, skipping three times (2000, 2001, and 2002), and playing second once (1998). Throughout her women's career, McCarville has competed in the Scotties Tournament of Hearts, the Canadian women's national curling championships, ten times, all as a skip. Before 2015, Northern Ontario did not compete at the Tournament of Hearts separately from Ontario; McCarville represented Ontario four times at the championships (2006, 2007, 2009, and 2010), winning bronze in 2010. She has skipped the Northern Ontario team six times (2016, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2022, and\n\nOlive Deering (nee Corn; October 11, 1918 \u2013 March 22, 1986) was an American actress of film, television, and stage, active from the late 1940s to the mid-1960s. She was a life member of The Actors Studio, as was her elder brother, Alfred Ryder. Early life Deering was the daughter of Zelda \"Sadie\" (n\u00e9e Baruchin) and Max Corn, a dentist. Her brother was actor Alfred Ryder. She began attending the Professional Children's School when she was age 11. Career Stage Her first stage role was a walk-on bit in Girls in Uniform (1933). She appeared onstage in Moss Hart's Winged Victory, Richard II (starring Maurice Evans) and Counsellor-at-Law (starring Paul Muni). She received kudos for her performance in the Los Angeles production of Tennessee Williams's Suddenly Last Summer. Other stage appearances included No for an Answer, Ceremony of Innocence, Marathon '33, The Young Elizabeth, They Walk Alone, and Garden District.\n\nQuestion: What's Olive Deering?", "output": "Olive Deering was an American actress of film, television, and stage, active from the late 1940s to the mid-1960s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Cucurbita moschata is a species originating in either Central America or northern South America. It includes cultivars known as squash or pumpkin. C. moschata cultivars are generally more tolerant of hot, humid weather than cultivars of C. maxima or C. pepo. They also generally display a greater resistance to disease and insects, especially to the squash vine borer. Commercially made pumpkin pie mix is most often made from varieties of C. moschata. The ancestral species of the genus Cucurbita were present in the Americas before the arrival of humans. Evolutionarily speaking the genus is relatively recent in origin as no species within the genus is genetically isolated from all the other species. C. moschata acts as the genetic bridge within the genus and is closest to the genus' progenitor. All species of squashes and pumpkins are native to the Western Hemisphere. C. moschata, represented by such varieties as Cushaw and\n\nThe artist Loren Munk (born 1951) is primarily known for his YouTube nickname James Kalm as an uploader of videos about New York exhibitions, amongst others. He presents himself as a maker of contemporary paintings for several decades and of cubistic paintings of urban imagery. Munk has received accolades for his drawings and mosaics. He differs from traditional mosaic artists by the manner in which he incorporates glass into his decorative paintings. Career debut Munk's work debuted in SoHo in 1981 with a double show at J. Fields Gallery and Gabrielle Bryers. Since then, he has overseen an international career. In addition to exhibiting in Brazil, France, Germany and the United States, Munk has received national and overseas, public and private commissions. He is well represented in important collections throughout Europe, South and North America and the Middle East. Recent work Most recently, Munk has been producing a series of\n\nCrowland Abbey (historically often spelled Croyland Abbey; Latin: Croilandia) is a Church of England parish church, formerly part of a Benedictine abbey church, in Crowland in the English county of Lincolnshire. It is a Grade I listed building. History A monk named Guthlac came to what was then an island in the Fens to live the life of a hermit, and he dwelt at Croyland between 699 and 714. Following in Guthlac's footsteps, a monastic community came into being here in the 8th century. Croyland Abbey was dedicated to Saint Mary the Virgin, Saint Bartholomew and Saint Guthlac. During the third quarter of the 10th century, Crowland came into the possession of the nobleman Turketul, a relative of Osketel, Archbishop of York. Turketul, a cleric, became abbot there and endowed the abbey with many estates. It is thought that, about this time, Crowland adopted the Benedictine rule. In the 11th\n\nQuestion: Who is Loren Munk", "output": "The artist Loren Munk is primarily known for his YouTube nickname James Kalm as an uploader of videos about New York exhibitions, amongst others."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Annemarie Mol (born 13 September 1958) is a Dutch ethnographer and philosopher. She is the Professor of Anthropology of the Body at the University of Amsterdam. Winner of the Constantijn & Christiaan Huijgens Grant from the NWO in 1990 to study 'Differences in Medicine', she was awarded a European Research Council Advanced Grant in 2010 to study 'The Eating Body in Western Practice and Theory'. She has helped to develop post-ANT/feminist understandings of science, technology and medicine. In her earlier work she explored the performativity of health care practices, argued that realities are generated within those practices, and noted that since practices differ, so too do realities. The body, as she expressed it, is multiple: it is more than one but it is also less than many (since the different versions of the body also overlap in health care practices). This is an empirical argument about ontology (which is the\n\nArthur Schuyler Carpender (24 October 1884 \u2013 10 January 1960) was an American admiral who commanded the Allied Naval Forces in the Southwest Pacific Area during World War II. A 1908 graduate of the United States Naval Academy, Carpender sailed around the world with the Great White Fleet. He commanded a landing force that went ashore at Puerto Cortes, Honduras in 1911, and participated in the United States occupation of Veracruz as adjutant of the First Regiment of Bluejackets in 1914. As commander of the destroyer in the action of 17 November 1917 during World War I, he engaged the U-boat U-58, and forced it to surrender. At the start of World War II Carpender was Commander Destroyers, Atlantic Fleet. In July 1942, he arrived in the Southwest Pacific Area, where he became commander of Task Force 51, the naval forces based in Western Australia. In September 1942, he was\n\nThe Miss Mississippi USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Mississippi in the Miss USA pageant. The pageant was directed by Premier Pageants from 2001 to 2010, before becoming part of Greenwood Productions in 2010 under the ownership of Miss Tennessee USA 1989 Kim Greenwood. Mississippi has had 12 Miss USA placements as of 2021. They won Miss USA in 2020. The most recent placement was Asya Branch in 2020, winning the Miss USA 2020 title, becoming the 36th state to have the Miss USA title, 33rd to be crowned. Four titleholders have competed at Miss Teen USA, and as of 2007, four have competed at Miss America, including Branch. Sydney Russell of Meridian was crowned Miss Mississippi USA 2023 on April 1, 2023. Results summary Placements Miss USA: Asya Branch (2020) 1st runners-up: Leah Laviano (2008) 3rd runners-up: Cindy Williams (1986) 4th runners-up:\n\nQuestion: What is Miss Mississippi USA", "output": "The  Miss Mississippi USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Mississippi in the Miss USA pageant."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kristina \u0160migun-V\u00e4hi (born 23 February 1977) is a former Estonian female cross-country skier and politician. She is the most successful Estonian female cross-country skier with two Olympic gold medals. In 2019 she was elected as a Member of the Estonian Parliament. Career On 12 February 2006, she won the Winter Olympics gold medal for the 7.5 km + 7.5 km double pursuit, becoming the first Estonian woman to win a medal at the Winter Olympics. Four days later, she won a second gold medal in the 10 km classical. On 15 February 2010, she won her third Olympic medal, a silver in the 10 km freestyle race. With two golds and one silver, \u0160migun-V\u00e4hi is the most successful Estonian athlete in Olympic history (summer or winter), tying the record of men's cross-country skier Andrus Veerpalu. \u0160migun-V\u00e4hi has also found success at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, earning six medals.\n\nCardiodon (meaning \"heart tooth\", in reference to the shape) was a herbivorous genus of sauropod dinosaur, based on a tooth from the late Bathonian-age Middle Jurassic Forest Marble Formation of Wiltshire, England. Historically, it is very obscure and usually referred to Cetiosaurus, but recent analyses suggest that it is a distinct genus, and possibly related to Turiasaurus. Cardiodon was the first sauropod genus named. History and taxonomy Richard Owen named the genus for a now-lost tooth, part of the collection of naturalist Joseph Chaning Pearce, found near Bradford-on-Avon, but did not assign it a specific name at the time. The generic name is derived from Greek \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03b1, kardia, \"heart\", and \u1f40\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd, odon, \"tooth\", in reference to its heart-shaped profile. A few years later, in 1844, he added the specific name rugulosus, meaning \"wrinkled\" in Latin. Cardiodon was the first sauropod given a formal name to, though Owen was at the\n\nA hatstand (UK), hatrack (US), coat rack, coat stand, or hall tree is a device used to store hats and often coats on, and umbrellas within. A coat rack often refers to a set of hooks that are attached to a wall. Usually made of wood and standing at least tall, the self-standing variant is more often referred to as a hatstand and has a single pole, a sturdy base to prevent toppling, and an array of lengthy pegs at the top for placement of hats. A hatrack was used to decorate Victorian front halls while providing storage. Description A hatstand is a device used to store hats and often coats on, and umbrellas within. Usually made of wood and standing at least tall, they have a single pole making up most of the height, with a sturdy base to prevent toppling, and an array of lengthy pegs at the\n\nQuestion: What's Hatstand?", "output": "A hatstand, hatrack, coat rack, coat stand, or hall tree is a device used to store hats and often coats on, and umbrellas within."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Uncle John from Jamaica\" is a song by Dutch Eurodance group Vengaboys. It was released in May 2000 as the third single from their third album, The Platinum Album (2000), and became a top-10 hit in Austria, the Netherlands, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. It has been certified gold in New Zealand for sales exceeding 5,000 copies. Track listings Dutch CD single \"Uncle John from Jamaica\" (Hitradio mix) \u2013 3:09 \"Uncle John from Jamaica\" (XXL version) \u2013 5:11 Dutch, Canadian, and Australian maxi-CD single \"Uncle John from Jamaica\" (Hitradio mix) \u2013 3:09 \"Uncle John from Jamaica\" (XXL version) \u2013 5:11 \"Uncle John from Jamaica\" (karaoke version) \u2013 3:01 \"Uncle John from Jamaica\" (M.I.K.E. remix) \u2013 7:21 \"Uncle John from Jamaica\" (Lock 'N Load remix) \u2013 6:42 \"Uncle John from Jamaica\" (video) \u2013 3:15 Making of the video \u2013 3:55 UK CD1 \"Uncle John from Jamaica\" (Hitradio mix) \u2013 3:09\n\nGilbert Earl Patterson (September 22, 1939 \u2013 March 20, 2007) was an American Holiness Pentecostal leader and minister who served as the National Presiding Bishop and Founder of the Bountiful Blessings Ministries and Chief Apostle of the Church of God in Christ (COGIC), Incorporated. Bishop Patterson was the second youngest person to ever be elected Presiding Bishop of COGIC at the age 60 in 2000, second to his predeceased uncle Bishop J. O. Patterson, Sr who was 56 when he was elected Presiding Bishop in 1968. On March 28, 2007, the United States Senate passed a resolution celebrating the life of Patterson. The sponsors were Senators Barack Obama, Carl Levin, John Kerry, Lamar Alexander and Bob Corker. Early Years and Education Patterson was born in Humboldt, Tennessee on September 22, 1939, to William Archie and Mary Louise Williams Patterson. His family was living in Mississippi at the time, but shortly\n\nThe Sea Island Connector, is a crossing over the middle arm of the Fraser River in Metro Vancouver. History Project Completed in August 2001, the concrete beams, atop the exposed steel piles driven into the river, support the concrete girders. This low-level three-lane bridge, parallel to the Moray Bridge, carries westbound traffic toward the Vancouver International Airport (YVR). The Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure for BC owns and maintains the structure. However, the joint exercise was a partnership of the Vancouver International Airport Authority, the province, the federal government, and the City of Richmond. The $40 million project also comprised a vehicle overpass, interchanges on Sea Island to Grant McConachie Way and Russ Baker Way, and enhancements to Bridgeport Road and the Highway 99 interchange. The collaboration improved YVR access from Richmond and the highway, which includes the Oak Street Bridge. Roadways Formerly, Airport Rd. (north) leading to Grauer Rd.,\n\nQuestion: Define Sea Island Connector.", "output": "The Sea Island Connector, is a crossing over the middle arm of the Fraser River in Metro Vancouver."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Deep Red (), also known as The Hatchet Murders, is a 1975 Italian giallo film directed by Dario Argento and co-written by Argento and Bernardino Zapponi. It stars David Hemmings as a musician who investigates a series of murders performed by a mysterious figure wearing black leather gloves. The cast also stars Daria Nicolodi, Gabriele Lavia, Macha M\u00e9ril, and Clara Calamai. The film's score was composed and performed by Goblin, the first in a long-running collaboration with Argento. The film was released during the height of the \"giallo craze\" of Italian popular cinema, and was a critical and commercial success. Retrospective reviews have been equally positive, and the film is considered one of the genre's definitive entries, as well as one of Argento's best works. Plot During Christmas at a family home, one figure stabs another to death. A bloody knife falls to the floor at a child's feet. Twenty\n\nStudley Horticultural & Agricultural College for Women was a horticultural and agricultural college for women, near Studley in Warwickshire, England, which operated from 1898 until 1969. History The college was founded by Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick. In 1898 she had founded Warwick Hostel in Reading to offer training to 'surplus women in the lighter branches of agriculture'. Warwick Hostel expanded and moved to Studley Castle in Warwickshire in 1903, becoming Studley Horticultural & Agricultural College for Women. An early student was Adela Pankhurst, and an early warden (1908-1914, 1918-1922) was Dr Lillias Hamilton. Students included Taki Handa, a student and instructor at Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Japan, who studied at Studley from 1906 to 1907 and designed a garden at Cowden Estate in Muckhart, Scotland. The College students undertook hard practical work in its greenhouses and vegetable gardens. In 1920 Helen Ekins completed a part-time degree in\n\nBridgeton railway station serves the Bridgeton district of Glasgow, Scotland and is a station on the Argyle Line, south east of . The station is operated by ScotRail who also provide all train services. History Called Bridgeton Cross Station, it opened on 1 November 1895 when the line between Glasgow Green and Rutherglen was opened by the Glasgow Central Railway. The station became a junction with the opening of the line to Carmyle and on 1 February 1897. Westbound services ran to Stobcross, from where they could proceed to via , and points north via the connection to the Stobcross Railway or on to the Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire Railway to Dumbarton and Balloch Central via Partick Central & Dalmuir Riverside. In 1956 the line was re-signalled with colour light signals controlled from the re-equipped signal boxes at Bridgeton Cross Junction and Stobcross Junction. However, the station was closed along with\n\nQuestion: What is Deep Red?", "output": "Deep Red, also known as The Hatchet Murders, is a 1975 Italian giallo film directed by Dario Argento and co-written by Argento and Bernardino Zapponi."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Episcopal Academy, founded in 1785, is a private, co-educational school for grades Pre-K through 12 based in Newtown Square, Pennsylvania. Prior to 2008, the main campus was located in Merion Station and the satellite campus was located in Devon. The Newtown Square facility is on a campus. Episcopal Academy has been consistently ranked as a top private school in the nation by various media outlets, including The Wall Street Journal. The Academy is affiliated with the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. History Early years The Episcopal Academy was founded in 1785 by the Rt. Rev. William White at Old Christ Church in Philadelphia as an all-boys school, focusing on classical education in Greek, Latin, religion, mathematics, and business. It was also a pre-missionary school. Trustees included two signers of the Declaration of Independence, as well as bankers, merchants, and ministers. It was founded two years after\n\nThe Midcounties Co-operative Limited, trading as Your Co-op, is a consumer co-operative in the United Kingdom with over 700,000 members. Registered in England under the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014, it is a member of Co-operatives UK and Federal Retail Trading Services. The Society's principal activity is retailing in parts of the West Midlands, South West, and South East regions, however some of its businesses do trade nationally. Its trading groups are Food, Travel, Phone Co-op, Post Office, Childcare and Flexible Benefits. The society is also active in recruiting electricity and gas customers through its Co-op Energy brand, and in community-owned energy generation through a partnership with Octopus Energy. The Midcounties Co-operative has its headquarters in Warwick, Warwickshire, with trading outlets in Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, Shropshire, the West Midlands, Worcestershire and the surrounding counties, but also has a national trading presence through its Travel, Childcare, Phone\n\nDimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC) is a colorless liquid and a pungent odor at high concentration at room temperature. It is primarily used as a beverage preservative, processing aid, or sterilant (INS No. 242) being highly active against typical beverage spoiling microorganisms like yeast, bacteria, or mould. Usage Dimethyl dicarbonate is used to stabilize beverages by preventing microbial spoilage. It can be used in various non-alcoholic as well as alcoholic drinks like wine, cider, beer-mix beverages or hard seltzers. Beverage spoiling microbes are killed by methoxycarbonylation of proteins. It acts by inhibiting enzymes involved in the microbial metabolism, e.g. acetate kinase and L-glutamic acid decarboxylase. It has also been proposed that DMDC inhibits the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase by causing the methoxycarbonylation of their histidine components. In wine, it is often used to replace potassium sorbate, as it inactivates wine spoilage yeasts such as Brettanomyces. Once it has been\n\nQuestion: What is Dimethyl dicarbonate", "output": "Dimethyl dicarbonate is a colorless liquid and a pungent odor at high concentration at room temperature."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Slidre is the administrative centre of Vestre Slidre Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. The village is located along the Slidrefjorden in the Valdres district. The village is located along the European route E16 highway, about northwest of Fagernes. The village has a population (2021) of 337 and a population density of . History Slidre is the site of the Slidredomen, a medieval era stone church. The village was the administrative centre of the old Slidre Municipality from 1838 until 1849 when the municipality was divided. Name The municipality (and the parish) were named after the old Slidre farm ( or ) since this was the location of the first Slidre Church that was built during the 12th century. The meaning of the name is not definitively known. It could be derived from the word slir which means the narrow depression through which a river runs. References Vestre Slidre Villages in\n\nV\u00edctor Manuel Guti\u00e9rrez Garb\u00edn (10 January 1922 \u2013 6 March 1966) was a Guatemalan labour leader. Guti\u00e9rrez, a school teacher by profession, was head of the Confederaci\u00f3n General de Trabajadores de Guatemala (CGTG). Born in Santa Rosa, Guatemala, Guti\u00e9rrez was a devout Catholic in his youth, and he was known as a quiet, self-spoken man. He has been referred to as the most important labour leader in Guatemala from 1944 to 1954. Guti\u00e9rrez was a member of the Communist Party of Guatemala (PCG). In 1950 he split from PCG on issues relating to the social composition of the Central Committee of the party, and he founded the Guatemalan Revolutionary Workers Party (PROG). In the fall of 1951 he travelled to Berlin for the World Federation of Trade Unions General Council Meeting and later to Moscow. On returning to Guatemala, Guti\u00e9rrez dissolved PROG on February 2, 1952, and rejoined PCG. The\n\nThe Reverend John Allen Wedgwood (1796 \u2013 19 July 1882), normally known as Allen Wedgwood was rector of Maer Staffordshire. Wedgwood was the fifth of six children and the fourth and youngest son of John Wedgwood, the horticulturist, of Etruria, Staffordshire and Cote House, Bristol, and his wife Louisa Jane Allen, daughter of John Bartlett Allen of Cresselly, Pembrokeshire. His paternal grandfather had been the potter Josiah Wedgwood who died the year prior to his birth, and the Josiah Wedgwood & Sons pottery company that he had founded gave the family considerable wealth. He was educated at Westminster School. He was ordained as a deacon in the Church of England in 1821 and a priest in 1822. He was admitted to Downing College, Cambridge in 1824 as a ten-year man. On 29 January 1839, he officiated at the wedding of his cousins Charles Darwin and Emma Wedgwood in an Anglican\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Slidre is.", "output": "Slidre is the administrative centre of Vestre Slidre Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Catalogue Service for the Web (CSW), sometimes seen as Catalogue Service - Web, is a standard for exposing a catalogue of geospatial records in XML on the Internet (over HTTP). The catalogue is made up of records that describe geospatial data (e.g. KML), geospatial services (e.g. WMS), and related resources. CSW is one part (or \"profile\") of the OGC Catalogue Service, which defines common interfaces to discover, browse, and query metadata about data, services, and other potential resources. Version 2.0 of the specification was released in May 2004. The most recent release is 2.0.2, which was published in 2007. The records are in XML according to the standard. Typically the records include Dublin Core, ISO 19139 or FGDC metadata, encoded in UTF-8 characters. Each record must contain certain core fields including: Title, Format, Type (e.g. Dataset, DatasetCollection or Service), BoundingBox (a rectangle of interest, expressed in latitude and longitude), Coordinate\n\nTales of a Traveler is an album by the American alternative country group Blue Mountain, released in 1999. Critical reception No Depression wrote that Stirratt and Hudson's \"harmonies, and, just as importantly, the subtle, fleeting moments when their voices veer off course are Blue Mountain\u2019s musical signature.\" The Washington Post thought that \"Hudson and Stirratt borrow widely and wisely\u2014grabbing elements from X, Johnny Cash, Lynyrd Skynyrd, J.J. Cale and especially Neil Young, both in his pretty acoustic and noisy electric phases\u2014but they give it all backwoods Mississippi spin and make it intensely personal.\" Exclaim! noted that the band \"even venture into Dixie-fried rock territory, albeit in a mercifully less greasy form than the Molly Hatchets of yesteryear.\" Track listing Personnel Dan Baird - acoustic, electric, slide guitars Jef Callaway - trombone Frank Coutch - vocals, drums, percussion Don Heffington: drums, congas Caroline Herring - vocals Cary Hudson - vocals Jim\n\nCristian Zaccardo (; born 21 December 1981) is an Italian former footballer who played as a defender. He mainly played as a centre back, although he was also capable of playing as a full-back or in midfield. He began his club career with Italian club Bologna in 2000, and remained with the club until 2004, aside from a loan spell with Spezia. He subsequently moved to Palermo, where he came to prominence during his four seasons at the club. In 2008, he moved to German club VfL Wolfsburg for a season, where he won the 2008\u201309 Bundesliga title. He returned to Italy the following season, joining Parma, and in 2013 he moved to AC Milan, before joining Carpi in 2015; he spent the 2016\u201317 season on loan with Vicenza in Serie B. In October 2017, he joined Maltese Premier League side \u0126amrun Spartans. In January 2019, he signed with San\n\nQuestion: Define Tales of a Traveler.", "output": "Tales of a Traveler is an album by the American alternative country group Blue Mountain, released in 1999."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\u00c7a\u011fla Kubat (; born 16 November 1978) is a Turkish model, actress and windsurfer who is member of Fenerbah\u00e7e sailing & windsurfing team. She is 5 feet 10 (1.80m) tall. She was born in \u0130zmir. She graduated from Italian High School of Istanbul and Istanbul Technical University with a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering. She was the first runner-up for the Miss Turkey 2002 beauty pageant and represented Turkey at Miss Universe 2002. She speaks English and Italian fluently. Sports \u00c7a\u011fla is also a champion windsurfer, having won the IFCA windsurfing European Slalom Championship in 2005, in Ala\u00e7at\u0131. In 2006, in her first PWA (Professional Windsurfers Association) event, she placed 6th in IFCA Slalom World Championship. She founded her own windsurfing school \"\u00c7a\u011fla Kubat Windsurf Academy\" in Ala\u00e7at\u0131, \u0130zmir Province. She ranked third in the women's category at the 2012 World Slalom Championship in Spain. In 2013, she became champion\n\nIn English law, heirs of the body is the principle that certain types of property pass to a descendant of the original holder, recipient or grantee according to a fixed order of kinship. Upon the death of the grantee, a designated inheritance such as a parcel of land, a peerage, or a monarchy, passes automatically to that living, legitimate, natural descendant of the grantee who is most senior in descent according to primogeniture, males being preferred, however, over their sisters regardless of relative age; and thereafter the property continues to pass to subsequent descendants of the grantee, according to the same formula, upon the death of each subsequent heir. Baronies created by writ of summons to Parliament usually descend to heirs of the body of the grantee, and may thus be inherited by females. By the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Acts of Union 1707, the\n\nThe Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The Czech Republic has a hilly landscape that covers an area of with a mostly temperate continental and oceanic climate. The capital and largest city is Prague; other major cities and urban areas include Brno, Ostrava, Plze\u0148 and Liberec. The Duchy of Bohemia was founded in the late 9th century under Great Moravia. It was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire in 1002 and became a kingdom in 1198. Following the Battle of Moh\u00e1cs in 1526, all of the Crown lands of Bohemia were gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy. Nearly a hundred years later, the Protestant Bohemian Revolt led to the Thirty Years' War. After\n\nQuestion: Tell me about \u00c7a\u011fla Kubat.", "output": "\u00c7a\u011fla Kubat is a Turkish model, actress and windsurfer who is member of Fenerbah\u00e7e sailing & windsurfing team."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Brent Hall (born 7 January 1986) is an Australian rules footballer in the Australian Football League. A big man, Hall was drafted by Collingwood in the 2003 National Draft. He was given time to develop at Williamstown during his first season at the club, but he did not show too much form. Used as a key position player at both ends of the ground in 2005 in the VFL, he was lucky to make his debut due to lack of height. Playing as a ruckman, he spent little time on the ground, having little impact. He would be kept on the list in 2006 but did not manage to play any games for the club, and was delisted at the end of the year. External links Brent Hall at the Collingwood Football Club website 1986 births Collingwood Football Club players Living people Williamstown Football Club players South Fremantle Football Club\n\nNew Valamo or New Valaam (, or more informally, especially in the postal address: Uusi-Valamo, , ) is an Orthodox monastery in Hein\u00e4vesi, Finland. The monastery was established in its present location in 1940. However, the tradition of the Valamo monastery dates back to 1717. The monastery was then originally established on Valaam (also known historically by the Finnish name Valamo) which is an archipelago in the northern portion of Lake Ladoga, lying within the Republic of Karelia in the Russian Federation. The New Valamo Monastery is now an active centre of the Orthodox religious life and culture in Finland and welcomes visitors throughout the year. History The relocation of the monastery In 1939, during the Winter War, some 190 monks from the Valamo Monastery in Karelia were evacuated from their old abode on a group of islands in Lake Ladoga in the Viipuri Province to present Eastern Finland. The\n\nCarl Friden (April 11, 1891 \u2013 April 29, 1945) was a Swedish-born, American mechanical engineer and businessman who founded the Friden Calculating Machine Company (Friden, Inc.). Background Carl Mauritz Fredrik Friden was born in Alvesta in Kronoberg County, Sweden. A company biography of Carl Friden from the 1960s or before stated that he was born Carl Bengtsson, but later took Frid\u00e9n as his surname. In 1912, he graduated as a mechanical engineer from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. Friden became a mechanical engineer representing the Swedish Match Trust. In 1913, Friden traveled to in London, England, to assemble match machines for his company. In 1914, he traveled to Australia with the same purpose in mind, but was stranded there when World War I broke out. In the interim he worked on his ideas for designing a more reliable calculator. Two years later he headed to San Francisco on\n\nQuestion: What's Carl Friden?", "output": "Carl Friden was a Swedish-born, American mechanical engineer and businessman who founded the Friden Calculating Machine Company."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "United Animal Nations is an animal rights organization founded in 1979, in Geneva, by the Franz Weber Foundation, based in Switzerland. History United Animal Nations was founded by Franz Weber on 8 November 1979 in Geneva, Switzerland. Purpose The purpose of the UAN is to obtain legal status for animal populations as well as to enhance the impact and political weight of the UAN member organizations. The forum was initiated by the Swiss environmentalist and animal activist Franz Weber. The charter and declaration was deliberately designed to mirror that of the United Nations. The members are established organizations and institutions, whose aims are the protection of animal life and the preservation of nature. Weber complemented the structure of the UN by adding a protection committee and the International Court of Animal Rights to the UAN. The Statutes, Charter and Declaration were put together with Swiss philosopher and author Denis de\n\nThe Bvumba Mountains or Vumba Mountains straddle the Zimbabwe\u2013Mozambique border, and are situated some 10 km south east of Mutare. The Bvumba rise to Castle Beacon at 1,911 metres, and are, together with the Chimanimani Mountains to the south and Nyanga Mountains to the north, part of the Eastern Highlands of the Manicaland and adjacent Manica provinces. They are referred to as the \"Mountains of the Mist\" (Bvumba being the Shona word for \"mist\"), as so often the early morning starts with a mist which clears by mid-morning. Although lying mostly within Zimbabwe, the mountains extend north-eastward to Mount Vumba (or Monte Vumba) in Mozambique. They are capped by cool, green hills which shelter country hotels, a casino and golf course at the Leopard Rock Hotel and a Botanical Garden with one of the best views in Africa. The mountains are also known for their coffee plantations. Access On the\n\nJim Vicevich () is an American talk radio host based in Hartford, Connecticut. His show Sound Off Connecticut deals with local, as well as national, topics ranging from politics, economics and social issues, to movies and music. Vicevich, a self-labeled social libertarian and political conservative, often frames his commentary between bumper-music from upstart Americana performers. He is known locally as \"Connecticut's Rush Limbaugh\". Sound Off Connecticut Vicevich's show, which airs on WTIC invites phone calls from listeners from throughout Connecticut to discuss the topics of the day. Additionally, Sound Off Connecticut had a special episode each Friday called \"Free-For-All Friday\" where listeners were invited to phone in or email to discuss almost any topic. He gained a national audience in 2005 when WTIC started live-streaming the program. Podcasts of Vicevich's show are still posted at www.wtic.com. In addition to taking calls from listeners, Sound Off Connecticut featured interviews with conservative\n\nQuestion: Define Bvumba Mountains.", "output": "The Bvumba Mountains or Vumba Mountains straddle the Zimbabwe\u2013Mozambique border, and are situated some 10\u00a0km south east of Mutare."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Elizabeth Myers is an American musician, composer, pianist and singer. She co-wrote the Eddie Money song \"Shakin'\", but is best known for her collaborations with her husband, John Trivers on the music for several award-winning commercials and films. Their music company Trivers Myers Music, established in 1984, has composed or arranged music for many clients, and received multiple Clio Awards. They have arranged and produced the music for several commercials for United Airlines, one of which, \"A Life\", is a part of the permanent collection at the Museum of Modern Art. In 2011, the theme for the CBS Evening News that Myers co-wrote with Trivers and Alan Pasqua was relaunched for the broadcasts that feature Scott Pelley as news anchor. Most recently, in summer 2020, pianist Myers along with cellist Paula Hochhalter who comprise the chamber music duo Trufflemusik, released \u201cA Sweet of Brahms.\u201d The duo was formed in 2017\n\nCox Field is an airport seven miles east of Paris, in Lamar County, Texas. It is owned by the city of Paris but is operated and maintained by J.R. Aviation, the airport's fixed-base operator (FBO). History The airport opened in August 1943 as Cox Army Airfield and was used by Second Air Force, United States Army Air Forces, primarily for liaison pilot training. The 157th Liaison Squadron was based here from March to May 1944. From 15 May to 8 October 1944 advanced liaison pilot training was conducted by the 163d liaison squadron, who prepared pilots as combat replacements for AAF liaison squadrons operating overseas. From October 1944 onward, the airfield was used by the Air Technical Service Command as an aircraft maintenance and supply depot. At the end of the war the airfield was not needed by the military and was turned over to the local government for civil\n\nPadr\u00f3n () is a concello (Galician for municipality) in the Province of A Coru\u00f1a, in Galicia (Spain) within the comarca of O Sar. It covers an area of 48.4 km\u00b2, is 95 km from A Coru\u00f1a and 23km from Santiago de Compostela. , had a population of 8968 according to the INE. Padr\u00f3n is divided into five parishes: (San Pedro de) Carcac\u00eda (Santa Mar\u00eda de) Cruces (Santa Mar\u00eda de) Herb\u00f3n (Santa Mar\u00eda de) Iria Flavia (or Ir\u00eda Flavia) (Santiago de) Padr\u00f3n History and etymology Iria Flavia was a Celtic settlement, capital the Capori, located in the confluence of rivers Sar and Ulla, and on the crossroads to Braga (Portugal) and Astorga (Le\u00f3n). It became Iria Flavia under Titus Flavius Vespasianus, and it was the Episcopal See during the Middle Ages until Alfonso II of Asturias moved it to Compostela after the foundation of Santiago's sepulchre. In modern days, the town\n\nQuestion: What is Liz Myers?", "output": "Elizabeth Myers is an American musician, composer, pianist and singer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hyacinthoides italica, the Italian bluebell or Italian squill, is a spring-flowering bulbous perennial plant belonging to the family Asparagaceae. It is one of around 11 species in the genus Hyacinthoides, others including the common bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) in northwestern Europe, and the Spanish bluebell (Hyacinthoides hispanica) further west in the Iberian Peninsula. Description Hyacinthoides italica is up to tall. The stem is leafless. It has 3-6 basal lance-shaped leaves, wide and long. The inflorescence is a dense, conical or pyramid-like raceme with 5-30 bright violet-blue star-like flowers. The flowers have two narrow bracts. Flowering period extends from February to May. It is in some respects intermediate between the common and Spanish species in having slender leaves (as in H. non-scripta or even slenderer), but a dense raceme of flowers (as in H. hispanica; not sparse and one-sided as in H. non-scripta). Hyacinthoides italica is used as an ornamental plant. It\n\nThe Festival d'Avignon, or Avignon Festival, is an annual arts festival held in the French city of Avignon every summer in July in the courtyard of the Palais des Papes as well as in other locations of the city. Founded in 1947 by Jean Vilar, it is the oldest existent festival in France. Alongside the official festival, the \"In\" one, a number of shows are presented in Avignon at the same time of the year and are known as the \"Off\". In 2008, some 950 shows were performed during three weeks. The Birth of a Festival 1947, The Week of Scenic Arts Art critic Christian Zervos and poet Ren\u00e9 Char organized a modern art exhibition held in the main chapel of the Pope's Palace in Avignon. In that setting, they asked Jean Vilar, actor, director, theatre director, and future festival founder, to present Meurtre dans la cath\u00e9drale which he adapted\n\nJames Douglas Williams (January 16, 1808November 20, 1880), nicknamed Blue Jeans Bill, was an American farmer and Democratic politician who held public office in Indiana for four decades, and was the only farmer elected as the governor of Indiana, serving from 1877 to 1880. He also spent twenty-eight years in the Indiana General Assembly, and was well known for his frugality and advocacy of agricultural development. Early life Family and background James Douglas Williams was born on January 16, 1808, in Pickaway County, Ohio, the son of George and Sarah Cavendar Williams. He moved with his family to Knox County, Indiana at the age of 10, and his family moved and settled near Monroe City, Indiana where he remained much of the rest of his life. He received little schooling, but did occasionally attend the log schoolhouse near his home, only attending until the fifth grade. Williams' father died in\n\nQuestion: What is Hyacinthoides italica", "output": "Hyacinthoides italica, the Italian bluebell or Italian squill, is a spring-flowering bulbous perennial plant belonging to the family Asparagaceae."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The pastoral pipe (also known as the hybrid union pipes, organ pipe and union pipe) was a bellows-blown bagpipe, widely recognised as the forerunner and ancestor of the 19th-century union pipes, which became the uilleann pipes of today. Similar in design and construction, it had a foot joint in order to play a low leading note and plays a two octave chromatic scale. There is a tutor for the \"Pastoral or New Bagpipe\" by J. Geoghegan, published in London in 1745. It had been considered that Geoghegan had overstated the capabilities of the instrument, but a study on surviving instruments has shown that it did indeed have the range and chromatic possibilities which he claimed. History This bagpipe was commonly played in the Lowlands of Scotland, the Borders, and Ireland from the mid-18th until the early 20th century. It was a precursor of what are now known as uilleann pipes,\n\nTayozhny/Tayezhny (; masculine), Tayozhnaya/Tayezhnaya (; feminine), or Tayozhnoye/Tayezhnoye (; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia. Urban localities Tayozhny, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, an urban-type settlement in Sovetsky District of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Rural localities Tayozhny, Amur Oblast, a settlement in Dzhalindinsky Rural Settlement of Skovorodinsky District in Amur Oblast; Tayozhny, Arkhangelsk Oblast, a settlement in Shilegsky Selsoviet of Pinezhsky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast; Tayozhny, Republic of Buryatia, a settlement in Iroysky Somon of Selenginsky District in the Republic of Buryatia; Tayozhny, Nizhneudinsky District, Irkutsk Oblast, an area in Nizhneudinsky District of Irkutsk Oblast Tayozhny, Shelekhovsky District, Irkutsk Oblast, a settlement in Shelekhovsky District of Irkutsk Oblast Tayozhny, Zalarinsky District, Irkutsk Oblast, an area in Zalarinsky District of Irkutsk Oblast Tayozhny, Kamchatka Krai, a settlement in Milkovsky District of Kamchatka Krai Tayozhny, Kemerovo Oblast, a settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of Tayga Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction in Kemerovo\n\nHuayangosauridae (derived from Huayangosaurus, \"Huayang reptile\") is a family of stegosaurian dinosaurs from the Jurassic of China. The group is defined as all taxa closer to the namesake genus Huayangosaurus than Stegosaurus, and was originally named as the family Huayangosaurinae by Dong Zhiming and colleagues in the description of Huayangosaurus. Huayangosaurinae was originally differentiated by the remaining taxa within Stegosauridae by the presence of teeth in the , an , and a . Huayangosaurinae, known from the Middle Jurassic of the Shaximiao Formation, was proposed to be intermediate between Scelidosaurinae and Stegosaurinae, suggesting that the origins of stegosaurs lay in Asia. Following phylogenetic analyses, Huayangosauridae was expanded to also include the taxon Chungkingosaurus, known from specimens from younger Late Jurassic deposits of the Shaximiao Formation. Huayangosauridae is either the sister taxon to all other stegosaurs, or close to the origin of the clade, with taxa like Gigantspinosaurus or Isaberrysaura outside\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Pastoral pipes is.", "output": "The pastoral pipe was a bellows-blown bagpipe, widely recognised as the forerunner and ancestor of the 19th-century union pipes, which became the uilleann pipes of today."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "is a tennis sports video game that was released by Namco in 1988 for Japanese arcades. It runs upon Namco System 1 hardware, and was inspired by the 1987 Famicom game Family Tennis. In August 1988, the game was ported to the PC Engine console, in which a new tennis-based role-playing quest mode was added, and was later ported to the North American TurboGrafx-16 console by NEC under the title of World Court Tennis in 1989. Up to four players could play simultaneously. A sequel named Super World Court was released in 1992, which ran on Namco NA-1 hardware and allowed up to four players to play simultaneously. The arcade version was recently confirmed to be released on the PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch as part of the Arcade Archives lineup on May 12, 2022 worldwide. Gameplay At the start of the game the players must select either \"singles\" (Player\n\nDaniel Steven Carlson (born January 26, 1970) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1996 through 1999, then played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) during 2000. He is currently the assistant pitching coach for the Arizona Diamondbacks. Career Carlson played college baseball at Mt. Hood Community College, a member of the Northwest Athletic Association of Community Colleges (NWAACC) based in Gresham, Oregon. He was selected by the San Francisco Giants in the 33rd round of the 1989 MLB draft. Carlson played in Minor League Baseball from 1990 through 2001, appearing in 311 games (202 starts) while compiling a 105\u201369 win\u2013loss record. He spent most of his career, parts of nine seasons, at the Triple-A level. Carlson made his major-league debut in 1996 with the Giants, appearing in five games, then made six appearances with the Giants in 1997. In November 1997, he\n\nEva Verona (February 1, 1905 \u2013 May 19, 1996) was the most eminent Croatian librarian and information scientist and is well known among information scientists around the world. She was born in Trieste (now Italy, then Austro-Hungarian Empire) in 1905. Her early childhood was spent in Vienna and eventually moved to Zagreb, Croatia where she attended grammar school. She graduated with a degree in mathematics and physics from Zagreb University in 1928 and was immediately employed in the National and University Library in Zagreb. She worked in different departments of the Library as her career progressed. She reorganized the natural sciences section in the classified catalogue and also worked on the foreign periodicals collection. She also was in charge of choosing and purchasing works dealing with the natural sciences, technology, and librarianship. Verona remained at the University Library until retiring in 1967. Starting in 1968 she was a professor at\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Dan Carlson.", "output": "Daniel Steven Carlson is an American former professional baseball pitcher."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The American Red Cross (ARC), also known as the American National Red Cross, is a nonprofit humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and disaster preparedness education in the United States. It is the designated US affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the United States movement to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. The organization offers services and development programs. History and organization Founders Clara Barton established the American Red Cross in Dansville, New York, on May 21, 1881, and was also the organization's first president. She organized a meeting on May 12 of that year at the house of Senator Omar D. Conger (R, MI). Fifteen people were present at the meeting, Conger and Representative William Lawrence (R, OH) (who became the first vice president) to discuss the start of the American Red Cross. The first local chapter was\n\nOkko Tapani Kamu (born 7 March 1946, Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish orchestral conductor and violinist. Kamu was born into a family of musicians. His father played double bass in the Helsinki Philharmonic. He began violin studies at age two and entered the Sibelius Academy at age six. He formed his own string quartet, the Suhonen, in 1964 where he played first violin. At age 20, he was appointed first solo violinist at the Finnish National Opera, and held this post until 1968. He then began to conduct, initially with the Finnish National Opera orchestra. Primarily self-taught, he became principal guest conductor of the Royal Swedish Opera in 1969, the same year as he won the first Herbert von Karajan Conducting Competition in Berlin. From 1971 to 1977, Kamu was principal conductor of the Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra. Outside of Finland, Kamu was principal conductor of the Oslo Philharmonic from\n\nHockey Club Atlant Moscow Oblast (, ) was a Russian professional ice hockey team based in Mytishchi, Moscow Oblast. They were members of the Bobrov Division of the Kontinental Hockey League in the 2014\u201315 season, but have not been active since the 2015\u201316 season due to financial issues. History Overview Atlant was founded in 2005 when a team (Khimik) based in Voskresensk was relocated to Mytishchi. The old team traced its history back to 1953. Immediate success allowed Khimik to play in the Championship of the Soviet Union. Leading the team was playing-coach Nikolay Epshtein. In three years, Khimik was graduated to the top league of the Soviet Union. Three bronze medal results between 1965 and 1984 were capitulated in 1989 when the team achieved silver under prestigious head coach Vladimir Vasiliyev, a major accomplishment for a team from a small town. More impressive is how much successful homegrown talent\n\nQuestion: Who is Okko Kamu?", "output": "Okko Tapani Kamu is a Finnish orchestral conductor and violinist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mike Garrigan is an American singer-songwriter from Greensboro, North Carolina, United States. Biography Garrigan grew up in Fayetteville, North Carolina and attended the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, where he performed in local coffee houses as a vocalist and guitarist. He is best known as the former frontman of the rock band Collapsis, which, in 2000, reached the No. 28 slot on the Billboard Modern Rock charts with the hit song \"Automatic\". He was also the second and final lead guitarist for the North Carolina-based band Athenaeum, replacing Grey Brewster for their second album and continuing until the band disbanded in 2004. With former Athenaeum members, Garrigan formed a new band called the \"Mike Garrigan Four\" (formally known as mg4), which released an EP in 2004. Since then he worked as a solo artist, while continuing to play occasional shows with Mark Kano, lead singer of Athenaeum. In 2006, he\n\nAyudhapurusha is the anthropomorphic depiction of a divine weapon in Hindu art. Ayudhapurushas are sometimes considered as partial incarnates of their divine owners. The sex of the personified weapon is determined by the gender of the weapon in the Sanskrit language. The suffix \"purusha\" (man) is added to masculine weapons and \"devi\" (goddess) to female ones. The weapons Shakti, Heti (a Hatchet-like weapon) and Gada (mace), especially Kaumodaki (the mace of Vishnu), Dhanus/Dhanushya (\"bow\") are women. Chakra, especially Vishnu's Sudarshana Chakra (discus of Vishnu), Shankha (\"conch\"), Padma (lotus), Ankusha (elephant goad), Pasha (noose), Trisula (trident), vajra (thunderbolt), Khadga (sword), Danda (a sceptre or club), Bana/Shara (\"arrow\") and Bhindi (sling) are depicted male. While weapons are personified in ancient Hindu epics like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, the ayudhapurushas were depicted in sculpture starting from the Gupta era. They might be depicted as humans with the weapons against them or holding\n\nThe Cuban League was one of the earliest and longest lasting professional baseball leagues outside the United States, operating in Cuba from 1878 to 1961. The schedule usually operated during the winter months, so the league was sometimes known as the \"Cuban Winter League.\" It was always a small league, generally 3 to 5 teams, and was centered in Havana, though it sometimes included teams from outlying cities such as Matanzas or Santa Clara. The league became racially integrated in 1900, and during the first half of the 20th century the Cuban League was a premier venue for black and white players to meet. Many great black Northern American players competed in Cuba alongside native black and white Cuban stars such as Jos\u00e9 M\u00e9ndez, Crist\u00f3bal Torriente, Adolfo Luque, and Mart\u00edn Dihigo. After 1947, the Cuban League entered into an agreement with Major League Baseball and was used for player development.\n\nQuestion: What's Cuban League?", "output": "The Cuban League was one of the earliest and longest lasting professional baseball leagues outside the United States, operating in Cuba from 1878 to 1961."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lochluichart railway station is a railway station on the Kyle of Lochalsh Line, serving the village of Lochluichart in the north of Scotland. The station is located at the north edge of Loch Luichart, from , between Garve and Achanalt. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services. History The station was opened as Lochluichart High by the Dingwall and Skye Railway on 1 August 1871 as a private station for Lady Ashburton on the Lochluichart Estate. It became a public station by 1887. In 1949 Lochluichart was planned to be relocated to allow the flooding of the area by the Glascarnoch-Luichart-Torr Achilty hydroelectric scheme. On 3 May 1954 a new station was opened as Lochluichart as a result of a hydro electric scheme raising the level of Loch Luichart, constructed of red sandstone. The deviation required about on stone-pitched embankments and in rock cuttings, a bridge over the River\n\nThe Archbishop's Chapel (or Archiepiscopal Chapel) is a chapel on the first floor of the bishops' palace in Ravenna, Italy, the smallest of the famous mosaic sites of the city. It is a private oratory of Trinitarian bishops dating from the turn of the 6th century. Although commonly attributed to St. Peter Chrysologus, Archbishop of Ravenna from 433\u2013450, the chapel was actually built by Peter II shortly after he became archbishop in 495. The mosaics date from the original construction, or soon after. Description The tiny cruciform chapel is currently dedicated to Saint Andrew, although the original dedication was to the Saviour, as evidenced by a lunette over the vestibule door representing Christ treading on the beasts, dressed as a general or victorious Emperor. The lower parts of the walls are lined with marble slabs, while the rest of the interior used to be covered with rich, tapestry-like mosaics, as\n\nSir Rhys Hopkin Morris (5 September 1888 \u2013 22 November 1956) was a Welsh Liberal politician who was a Member of Parliament from 1923\u20131932 and from 1945\u20131956. Early life Morris was born at Blaencaerau, Maesteg, Glamorgan, son of John Morris, Congregational minister in Caerau, and Mary. He was educated at University of Wales, Bangor and at University College London from 1913 to 1914, graduating with Honours in Philosophy. He was admitted to Middle Temple on 10 January 1914. Morris served continually in the armed forces during the First World War from December 1914 until January 1919, possessing the rank of Lieutenant in the 2nd Battalion Royal Welsh Fusiliers by the end of the war and being twice wounded - the second time seriously. He was mentioned in dispatches and made an MBE (military division). After the war, he qualified as a barrister with special dispensations granted due to his service\n\nQuestion: Define Lochluichart railway station.", "output": "Lochluichart railway station is a railway station on the Kyle of Lochalsh Line, serving the village of Lochluichart in the north of Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam () is the national unicameral legislature of Vietnam. The Constitution of Vietnam recognizes the assembly as \"the highest organ of state power.\" The National Assembly, a 500-delegate unicameral body elected to a five-year term, meets in the session twice a year. The assembly appoints the president (head of state), the prime minister (head of government), the chief justice of the Supreme People's Court of Vietnam, the head of the Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam (or 'Supreme People's Office of Supervision and Inspection'), and the 21-member Government. Vietnam is an authoritarian state. The National Assembly has been characterized as a rubber stamp for the Vietnamese Communist Party (VCP) or as only being able to affect issues of low sensitivity to the regime. The VCP controls nomination and election processes at every level. The VCP has great influence over the executive and exercises\n\nThe gravity of Earth, denoted by , is the net acceleration that is imparted to objects due to the combined effect of gravitation (from mass distribution within Earth) and the centrifugal force (from the Earth's rotation). It is a vector quantity, whose direction coincides with a plumb bob and strength or magnitude is given by the norm . In SI units this acceleration is expressed in metres per second squared (in symbols, m/s2 or m\u00b7s\u22122) or equivalently in newtons per kilogram (N/kg or N\u00b7kg\u22121). Near Earth's surface, the acceleration due to gravity, accurate to 2 significant figures, is . This means that, ignoring the effects of air resistance, the speed of an object falling freely will increase by about per second every second. This quantity is sometimes referred to informally as little (in contrast, the gravitational constant is referred to as big ). The precise strength of Earth's gravity varies\n\nDogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie () is the title of \u00c9liphas L\u00e9vi's first published treatise on ritual magic, which appeared in two volumes between 1854 (Dogme) and 1856 (Rituel). Each volume is structured into 22 chapters, which parallel the tarot. Translations L\u00e9vi's Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie was translated into English by Arthur Edward Waite as Transcendental Magic, its Doctrine and Ritual (1896). Waite added a biographical preface and footnotes. A revised edition of this translation was published in 1923. A second translation, The Doctrine and Ritual of High Magic: A New Translation, by John Michael Greer and Mark Mikituk, was published in 2017 by TarcherPerigee. Response Modern The work has recently attracted the attention of scholars for its views on the study of magic, religion, natural science and alchemy. L\u00e9vi sees magic as occupying a place between science and religion and believes that it has\n\nQuestion: What is Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie", "output": "Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie is the title of \u00c9liphas L\u00e9vi's first published treatise on ritual magic, which appeared in two volumes between 1854 and 1856."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ftan is a former municipality in the district of Inn in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Ardez, Guarda, Tarasp, Ftan and Sent merged into the municipality of Scuol. History Ftan is first mentioned in 1150 as Vetane. In the 12th century, the lords of Tarasp owned land in Ftan and made donations to the M\u00fcstair and Scuol monasteries. As a parish, Ftan is first documented in 1492. Around 1542, it became Protestant. In 1499, and again in 1622, Ftan was destroyed by Austrian troops. In 1652, the village finally bought its freedom from Austria. From the 16th to the 19th century, Ftan was repeatedly devastated by avalanches and village fires (the last fire was in 1885). In 1875, the first avalanche barriers were erected and afforestation began. Between 1860 and 1862, a road was built along the bottom of the Engadin valley;\n\nKLIF-FM (93.3 MHz, \"Hot 93.3\") is a commercial radio station licensed to Haltom City, Texas, and serving the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. The station is owned by Cumulus Media, and the broadcast license is held by Radio License Holding SRC LLC. It broadcasts a hot adult contemporary radio format, mainly focusing on hits from the 1990s and 2000s while also playing some songs from the 1980s, 2010s and today. The studios and offices are in the Victory Park district in Dallas just north of downtown. The KLIF call sign has a long history of being associated with CHR/Top 40 music; the original KLIF (at 1190 AM) was Dallas/Fort Worth's most popular Top 40 music station in the 1960s and 1970s. KLIF-FM's transmitter site is on Singleton Boulevard in West Dallas near the I-30/Loop 12 interchange. It has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 50,000 watts, with its tower at 120 meters\n\nBarry Gordon George Robson (born 7 November 1978) is a Scottish football coach and former player, who is currently the manager of Scottish Premiership club Aberdeen. Robson played as a midfielder for several clubs in Scotland, England and Canada and represented Scotland internationally. Robson began his career as a youth player with Rangers before spells with Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Dundee United and finally Celtic in his native Scotland. A move to England followed, where he spent two and a half years with Middlesbrough. Robson then moved to Canada to play for MLS side Vancouver Whitecaps FC before returning to England after one season to sign for Sheffield United. Robson returned to Scotland, joining Aberdeen in summer 2013. He retired from professional football in 2016 and took up a coaching position with Aberdeen. After a run of good results in his second stint as their interim manager, Robson became Aberdeen manager\n\nQuestion: What is Ftan?", "output": "Ftan is a former municipality in the district of Inn in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Harry Kitten and Tucker Mouse is a children's book written by George Selden and illustrated by Garth Williams. It is the prequel to The Cricket in Times Square. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, originally published the book in 1986. Plot The book tells the story of the young mouse who becomes Tucker, and the kitten who becomes Harry, the two friends of Chester Cricket in The Cricket in Times Square. Tucker, we learn, was born in a box of Kleenexes and other odds and ends on Tenth Avenue, and fled his nest at a young age to avoid sanitation workers. He takes his name from \"Merry Tucker's Home-Baked Goods\", a bakery on Tenth Avenue. He meets Harry Kitten, who took his name from two children he heard talking. One said \"Harry-you're a character!\" and the kitten decided he too wanted to be a character. The two become friends and search New\n\nUniversalist Herald is a publication of the Universalist Herald Publishing company. \"Universalist Heritage and Spirit Today\" and \"The Oldest Continuously Published Liberal Religious Periodical in North America\" are the subtitles of the modern edition. Overview Founded in 1847 as the Religious Reformer by C. F. R. Shehane of Wetumpka, Alabama. Beginning January 1, 1850 it became The Universalist Herald and was edited by John Crenshaw Buruss. For many years it was strictly a regional publication, serving the Universalist Church of America in Southeastern United States. In 1896, John M. Bowers purchased and moved the paper to Canon, Georgia, and remained as publishing editor to 1911. From 1911 to 1991, it continued to be published in Canon, Georgia, under an arrangement with the Georgia Universalist Convention, serving as a regional oriented periodical. There was a succession of local editors, notably Nellie Mann Opdale, Argyle E. Houser, and Haynie Summers. Then it\n\nFrancisco Serr\u00e3o (died 1521) was a Portuguese explorer and a possible cousin of Ferdinand Magellan. His 1512 voyage was the first known European sailing east past Malacca through modern Indonesia and the East Indies. He became a confidant of Sultan Bayan Sirrullah, the ruler of Ternate, becoming his personal advisor. He remained in Ternate where he died around the same time Magellan died. Voyage to the Indies Serr\u00e3o served as captain of one of three vessels (and second in overall command under Ant\u00f3nio de Abreu) sent from Malacca by Afonso de Albuquerque to find the Spice Islands of Banda in Maluku in 1511. Banda was the world's only source of nutmeg and mace, spices used as flavourings, medicines and preserving agents that were at the time highly valued in European markets. The Portuguese sought to dominate the source, rather than relying on Arab traders who sold it to the Venetians\n\nQuestion: Who is Francisco Serr\u00e3o", "output": "Francisco Serr\u00e3o was a Portuguese explorer and a possible cousin of Ferdinand Magellan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jerry Kauric (born June 28, 1963 in Windsor, Ontario) is a former placekicker who played in the National Football League and Canadian Football League in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Kauric played his early days in the Canadian Junior Football League for the Windsor AKO Fratmen. He then played for the Edmonton Eskimos, where he kicked the game-winning field goal for the 1987 Grey Cup during his first season as an Eskimo. He then played in the NFL for the Cleveland Browns in 1990. Afterwards, he played for the Calgary Stampeders, and then he signed with the Detroit Lions, where he was kept for training camp. He was later cut by the Lions after breaking his foot. References 1963 births Living people Canadian football people from Windsor, Ontario Players of Canadian football from Ontario American football placekickers Canadian football placekickers Cleveland Browns players Edmonton Elks players Ohio Glory players\n\nCauseway Road () is a main road in Hong Kong. Situated in Causeway Bay, it joins Yee Wo Street in the west and King's Road. It is a boundary of Eastern District and Wan Chai District. North side of the road is Victoria Park in Eastern District while in the Wan Chai District in the south are Queen's College and Hong Kong Central Library. History The road was evolved from a causeway across Causeway Bay (Tung Lo Wan) in the 1880s. Before the construction of the road, another road Tung Lo Wan Road was the only road connecting the two sides of the bay. In 1883, Hong Kong Government reclaimed the bay within the causeway and the causeway was renovated as Causeway along the sea shore. Its Cantonese name (ko sze wai dou) was after the English pronunciation of the road. Trams run to and from the embankment. In 1951,\n\nWarid Telecom International () was an Emirati telecommunications company that was active in Bangladesh, Georgia, Congo, Pakistan, and Uganda before its divestment. Pakistan In 2004, Warid Telecom International LLC, purchased a license for operating a nationwide mobile telephony network, (WLL) and long-distance international (LDI) for US$291 million and was the first venture of Warid Telecom International LLC. The license was bid for and acquired by a team led by Bashir Tahir the former CEO of the Abu Dhabi Group, which is the parent company of all Warid operations. Warid Pakistan launched its services in May 2005. Within 80 days of launch, Warid Pakistan claims to have attracted more than 1 million. users. On June 30, 2007, Singapore Telecommunications Limited (SingTel) and Warid Telecom announced that they had entered into a definitive agreement subsequent to which SingTel would acquire a 30 percent equity stake in Warid Telecom for an estimated $758\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Jerry Kauric.", "output": "Jerry Kauric is a former placekicker who played in the National Football League and Canadian Football League in the late 1980s and early 1990s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Marie-Th\u00e9odore Ratisbonne, N.D.S., (December 28, 1802 \u2013 January 10, 1884) was a French Jewish convert to the Catholic Church, who became a priest and missionary and who later founded the Congregation of Our Lady of Sion. He was the brother of Marie-Alphonse Ratisbonne, who joined him in this effort. Life Early life Th\u00e9odore Ratisbonne was one of the 13 children born in Strasbourg, Alsace, France, to Auguste Ratisbonne and his wife, Ad\u00e9la\u00efde Cerfbeer, who were members of a noted Jewish banking family. His father additionally served as president of the Provincial Council of Alsace. Conversion At the age of 22, Ratisbonne gained the acquaintance of a local Catholic, Louise Humann, who was a catechist and active in works of charity. After the conversion of his friends, Emile Dreyfus, Alfred Mayer and Samson Liebermann to Christianity, Th\u00e9odore spent two years under her guidance studying the Scriptures, both the Hebrew Scriptures and\n\nIn mathematics, a locally integrable function (sometimes also called locally summable function) is a function which is integrable (so its integral is finite) on every compact subset of its domain of definition. The importance of such functions lies in the fact that their function space is similar to spaces, but its members are not required to satisfy any growth restriction on their behavior at the boundary of their domain (at infinity if the domain is unbounded): in other words, locally integrable functions can grow arbitrarily fast at the domain boundary, but are still manageable in a way similar to ordinary integrable functions. Definition Standard definition . Let be an open set in the Euclidean space and be a Lebesgue measurable function. If on is such that i.e. its Lebesgue integral is finite on all compact subsets of , then is called locally integrable. The set of all such functions is\n\nThe Markham Thunder was a professional women's ice hockey team in the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL). From 1998 through 2017, the franchise was known as the Brampton Thunder and Brampton Canadettes-Thunder before relocating from Brampton, Ontario, to Markham, Ontario, for the 2017\u201318 season. The CWHL ceased operations in 2019 and no further statements or actions were taken with the franchise. Team history The city of Brampton had a long history of women's ice hockey, starting with the creation of the Brampton Canadettes in 1963, whose management created the Dominion Ladies Hockey Tournament in 1967 (operating today as the Canadettes Easter Tournament). In 1998, after local athlete Cassie Campbell returned home from her silver-medal victory with Team Canada in the successful introduction of women's ice hockey at the 1998 Nagano Olympics, she commiserated with Brampton acting mayor Sue Fennell about the lack of a top level women's team in Brampton.\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Markham Thunder is.", "output": "The Markham Thunder was a professional women's ice hockey team in the Canadian Women's Hockey League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tim Bowness (born 29 November 1963) is an English singer and songwriter primarily known for his work as part of the band No-Man, a long-term project formed in 1987 with Porcupine Tree's Steven Wilson. Music career In addition to recording albums with No-Man (for record labels such as One Little Indian, Sony/Epic, and Kscope), Bowness has appeared on albums by US artists OSI and David Torn, Italian artists Alice, Saro Cosentino, Fjieri, Nosound and Stefano Panunzi, Norwegian groups White Willow and The Opium Cartel, and others. In 1994, he recorded an album with Porcupine Tree/Japan/Rain Tree Crow keyboard player Richard Barbieri, called Flame. Bowness has been a core or occasional member of several other bands. He has sung for German band Centrozoon and British electro-improvisers Darkroom on the more vocal-orientated projects performed and released by each group. He is the lead singer and guitarist for Henry Fool and also sings\n\nCosta Rica (, ; ; literally \"Rich Coast\"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica (), is a country in the Central American region of North America. Costa Rica is bordered by Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as maritime border with Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island. It has a population of around five million in a land area of . An estimated 333,980 people live in the capital and largest city, San Jos\u00e9, with around two million people in the surrounding metropolitan area. The sovereign state is a unitary presidential constitutional republic. It has a long-standing and stable democracy and a highly educated workforce. The country spends roughly 6.9% of its budget (2016) on education, compared to a global average of 4.4%. Its economy, once heavily dependent on agriculture, has diversified\n\nMid-Continent University was a four-year, liberal arts Christian institution located near Mayfield, Kentucky, United States. It had been experiencing financial troubles and was placed on \"warning status\" by its regional accreditor the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools in late 2013. On April 15, 2014, university officials reported that Interim President Ken Winters stepped down for family reasons April 12, and that former President Robert Imhoff and his wife Jackie Imhoff, the vice president of adult services, who had stepped down from their positions in February but were still receiving a salary, were fired. Robert Thomas \"Tom\" Walden was named to replace Winters. On April 16, it was announced that the university did not have enough money to pay staff, and would close at the end of June. On October 6, 2014, it was announced that Mid-Continent University had filed for bankruptcy. History The university opened as the West Kentucky\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Tim Bowness.", "output": "Tim Bowness is an English singer and songwriter primarily known for his work as part of the band No-Man, a long-term project formed in 1987 with Porcupine Tree's Steven Wilson."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bloodgood was an American Christian metal band that formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1983. By 1988, Bloodgood represented one of the four largest Christian metal bands (excluding the mainstream success of Stryper) alongside Barren Cross, Leviticus, and Whitecross. Bloodgood became known for their \"go-for-broke attitude about showmanship\", displaying attitudes and imagery that brought them into collision with some on the extreme Christian right. In a 1998 retrospective, Christian music critic Brian Quincy Newcomb would write that \"Bloodgood's ministry and music was a vital stepping stone in the maturing process of Christian rock.\" Background The band formed around the leadership of Michael Bloodgood, who had been active in the local music scene in Seattle for some time. Directly prior to the formation of Bloodgood, Michael had been involved in a local effort, what he later described as \"basic straight-ahead rock.\" That effort had disbanded by mid-1984 as Michael Bloodgood felt called\n\nThe Gispwudwada or Gisbutwada (variously spelled) is the name for the Killerwhale \"clan\" (phratry) in the language of the Tsimshian nation of British Columbia, Canada, and southeast Alaska. It is considered analogous or identical to the Gisgahaast (variously spelled; also Gisk'aast) clan in British Columbia's Gitxsan nation and the Gis\u1e35'ahaast/Gis\u1e35'aast Tribe of the Nisg\u0331a'a. The Nisg\u0331a'a also call this group the Killerwhale Tribe, though the Gitxsan use the term Fireweed clan; Gisgahaast means literally \"people of the fireweed.\" The name Gispwudwada is of unknown etymology. The chief crests of the Gispwudwada are the Killerwhale (a.k.a. orca) (neex\u0142 in Tsimshian) and Grizzly Bear (midiik). Tsimshian matrilineal houses belonging to the Gispwudwada tend to belong to one of two groups, the Git'mlaxam and the Gitnagwinaks. Git'mlaxam The Git'mlaxam trace their origins to the legendary Temlaxam (a.k.a. Temlaham, Dimlahamid, etc.) or \"Prairie Town\" on the Skeena River in what is now Gitksan territory.\n\nBashir al-Azma (1910\u20131992) (), was a Syrian doctor and politician. He served as Prime Minister of Syria from 16 April to 14 September 1962. He was born in and raised in the capital Damascus. He obtained his undergraduate degree in Medicine from Damascus University and his graduate in Paris. He became the Minister of Health under the United Arab Republic (UAR) but resigned due to a conflict with Gamal Abdel Nasser. Later, he became the Prime Minister of Syria after the dissolution of the UAR. Bashir al-Azma was one of several Syrian Prime Ministers who intended to keep Syria out of the east\u2013west conflict and demonstrate its passive approach to it. On 22 April 1962, al-Azma declared on Radio Damascus that Syria's foreign policy continued to be based on \"the principles of positive neutrality and non-alignment with military blocs, non-participation in the Cold War, and respect for the principles of\n\nQuestion: What's Bloodgood?", "output": "Bloodgood was an American Christian metal band that formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1983."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Fedor Vladimirovich Andreev (, born March 2, 1982) is a former figure skater with dual Russian and Canadian citizenship. In single skating, he is the 2003 Canadian bronze medalist and the 1999 junior national champion. In 2010, he switched to ice dancing and competed for Russia with partner Jana Khokhlova for one season. Personal life Andreev was born in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. His family emigrated to Canada when he was seven. He is the son of ice dance coach/choreographer Marina Zueva, and was formerly coached by his stepfather, Alexei Tchetverukhin. In addition to skating, Andreev also took part in SCCA autocross and drag races. He enjoys drifting and has worked as a model for Abercrombie & Fitch, runway shows, as well as commercials. As of February 2017, he was working at Boston Consulting Group. He became engaged to American ice dancer Meryl Davis on July 13, 2017, and\n\nKaren Macdonald Gillon ( Turnbull; born 18 August 1967) is a Scottish Labour Party politician who served as Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the constituency of Clydesdale from 1999 to 2011. Early life and career Gillon was born in 1967 in Edinburgh to Edith Turnbull. She was educated at the state comprehensive Jedburgh Grammar School before going on to study at the University of Birmingham. Before entering politics, she worked in community education. From 1997 until 1999, she served as personal assistant to Helen Liddell MP. Political career Gillon was elected in the 1999 Scottish Parliament election, taking 16,755 votes (43.02%). She was re elected in 2003 with 14,800 votes (46.62%) and in 2007 with 13,835 votes (41.5%). She served as Labour's spokesperson on rural development until her defeat in 2011. Gillon was co-chair of the Cross Party Group on Malawi and worked with civic society across Scotland\n\nThe Owl's Hill Nature Sanctuary is a wildlife sanctuary in northwestern Williamson County, Tennessee. Fossil traces in Ordovician limestone and 350-year-old giant trees, vestiges of the great eastern deciduous forest that once covered Tennessee, are important collections on the site, as are pioneer trees and seasonal wildflowers. The ponds and wetlands provide valuable amphibian habitat, home to more than a dozen species. 125 species of birds have been recorded on site through population surveys performed by the National Audubon Society. Nearly all mammals native to Middle Tennessee are in residence at Owl\u2019s Hill. In 1990, an ambitious Master Plan was adopted to restore the natural habitat by overcoming almost a century of farm usage. First, wildlife conditions were improved through removal of several miles of wire fencing; water sources were improved and added; old orchard trees were pruned to restore their productivity. Increases in both predator and prey populations indicate\n\nQuestion: Who was Fedor Andreev?", "output": "Fedor Vladimirovich Andreev is a former figure skater with dual Russian and Canadian citizenship."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wilton \u00c1lvaro Guerrero (born October 24, 1974) is a Dominican former second baseman in Major League Baseball. He played for the Los Angeles Dodgers (1996\u20131998), Montreal Expos (1998\u20132000, 2002), Cincinnati Reds (2001\u20132002), and Kansas City Royals (2004). He is the older brother of Vladimir Guerrero and cousin of Cristian Guerrero. According to MLB official records, Wilton Guerrero was born on October 24, 1974. However, this date is believed to be incorrect given the fact that his brother Vladimir was born less than four months later on February 9, 1975. Vladimir's birth date was originally listed as February 9, 1976, but he was revealed to be a year older in 2009. At this time, Wilton no longer played in the Major Leagues, making it likely that nobody noticed or cared about correcting Wilton's birth date. He was a utility player and played strong defense at any position he played. Although he\n\nThe Curse of the Mummy's Tomb is a 1964 British horror film produced, written and directed by Michael Carreras, starring Terence Morgan, Ronald Howard, Fred Clark and introducing Jeanne Roland. Plot \"Egypt in the year 1900\". The mummy of Ra-Antef, son of Ramesses VIII, is discovered by three Egyptologists: Englishmen John Bray (Ronald Howard) and Sir Giles Dalrymple (Jack Gwillim) as well as French Professor Eugene Dubois (unbilled Bernard Rebel, who died three weeks before the film's UK premiere). Assisting in the expedition is Professor Dubois' daughter, and Bray's fianc\u00e9e, Annette (Jeanne Roland), herself an Egyptology expert. All the artifacts are brought back to London by the project's backer, American showman Alexander King (Fred Clark), who plans to recoup his investment by staging luridly sensational public exhibits of the Egyptian treasures. Soon after arrival, however, the mummy revives and starts to kill various members of the expedition, while it becomes\n\n\"Rainy Night in Georgia\" is a song written by Tony Joe White in 1967 and popularized by R&B vocalist Brook Benton in 1970. It was originally released by White on his 1969 album, Continued, on Monument Records, shortly before Benton's hit single was issued. Song writing In a January 17, 2014, interview with music journalist Ray Shasho, Tony Joe White explained the thought process behind the making of \"Rainy Night in Georgia\" and \"Polk Salad Annie\". When I got out of high school I went to Marietta, Georgia, I had a sister living there. I went down there to get a job and I was playing guitar too at the house and stuff. I drove a dump truck for the highway department and when it would rain you didn't have to go to work. You could stay home and play your guitar and hangout all night. So those thoughts came\n\nQuestion: Who is Wilton Guerrero?", "output": "Wilton \u00c1lvaro Guerrero is a Dominican former second baseman in Major League Baseball."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "WLXT (96.3 FM, \"Lite 96.3\") is an adult contemporary radio station licensed to Petoskey, Michigan, at an ERP of 100,000 watts, covering most of northern Michigan. It is owned by Trish MacDonald-Garber, whose family has owned the station for over 30 years. WMBN-FM The station signed on in 1967 at 96.7, only broadcasting with 3,000 watts and airing beautiful music. The station was originally WMBN-FM, owned by Les Biederman's Midwestern Broadcasting Company of Traverse City, Michigan, and mostly simulcasted WMBN-AM 1340. In the 1970s, Biederman wanted to boost the signals of his Traverse City stations, ordering him to divest most of his other properties due to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules and regulations. He sold WMBN-AM/FM to Kenneth MacDonald of MacDonald Broadcasting, a friend of his who owned stations in Saginaw and later Lansing. MacDonald had a cottage in the Petoskey area, and accepted the offer to purchase WMBN. MacDonald\n\nGlenn Morshower (born April 24, 1959) is an American actor and inspirational speaker. He is best known for playing Secret Service Agent Aaron Pierce in 24 and Colonel (later General) Sharp Morshower in the Transformers film series. Morshower's Aaron Pierce was the only character (other than Jack Bauer) to appear in each of the first seven seasons of 24. He has appeared in many feature films and television series. Early life and family Morshower was born in Dallas, Texas. He was raised Jewish, studied with a Jehovah's Witness, went to a Religious Science church, and taught at a Baptist church. Morshower and his wife Carolyn have two children. Filmography Film Television Video games Inspirational seminars Since the late 1980s, Morshower has been a speaker at seminars. His speaking career began with his audition mastery course, The Extra Mile, which he took across the country on the advice of his agent.\n\nHachenburg is a town in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Geography The town lies in the Westerwald between Koblenz and Siegen, roughly 10 km west of Bad Marienberg on the river Nister. Hachenburg is the administrative seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Hachenburg, a kind of collective municipality (See Verbandsgemeinde). History The castle and the town The castle (Schloss), former seat of the Counts of Sayn, was founded about 1180 by Count Heinrich II of Sayn. Building was finished in 1212 under Count Heinrich III, the founder's son, who was also mentioned as the town's and the castle's first owner. At the same time, under the Count's overlordship, came the building of the neighbouring Marienstatt Cistercian Monastery. In 1314, Hachenburg, whose name comes from a castle hill protected by thornbushes, was granted town rights. The original settlement lay not on the 390-m-high castle hill, but rather some 1.5 km away in\n\nQuestion: Who is Glenn Morshower", "output": "Glenn Morshower is an American actor and inspirational speaker."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Best of Candlemass: As It Is, as It Was is a compilation album by the Swedish doom metal band Candlemass. It consists of tracks from the first five studio albums, a live album and a couple of EPs. This compilation was released after their \"unofficial\" break up. Track listings All songs by Leif Edling, except \"The End of Pain\"\" by Edling/Lars Johansson Disc one \"Solitude\" - 5:36 \"Bewitched\" - 6:39 \"Dying Illusion\" - 5:49 \"Demons Gate\" - 9:11 \"Mirror Mirror\" (live) - 5:30 \"Samarithan\" - 5:29 \"Into the Unfanthomed Tower\" - 3:04 \"Bearer of Pain\" - 7:24 \"Where the Runes Still Speak\" - 8:39 \"At the Gallows End\" - 5:46 \"Mourner's Lament\" - 6:08 Disc two \"A Tale of Creation\" - 6:54 \"Ebony Throne\" - 4:23 \"Under the Oak\" - 6:00 \"Well of Souls\" (live) - 5:23 \"Dark Are the Veils of Death\" - 4:04 \"Darkness in Paradise\" -\n\nThe Cimicomorpha are an infraorder of insects in the order Hemiptera, the true bugs. The rostrum and other morphology of all members apparently is adapted to feeding on animals as their prey or hosts. Members include bed bugs, bat bugs, assassin bugs, and pirate bugs. The two infraorders Cimicomorpha and Pentatomorpha have very similar characteristics, possibly as a result of the evolution of plant feeding. The key similarity that unites the Cimicomorpha and Pentatomorpha is the loss of the arolia (adhesive pads) on the pretarsi of the insects. These two infraorders comprise 90% of Heteroptera species. These insects are a part of the old, informal classification of \u201cGeocorisae\u201d (land bugs). Among these bugs, parental care has evolved several times. Parental care varies from brooding of the eggs by the female, to a more active form that involves protection of young against predators and the female covering the nymphs under her\n\nSIC Radical is a Portuguese basic cable and satellite television channel owned by Sociedade Independente de Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o. SIC Radical is an entertainment channel targeted at teens and young adults. SIC Radical programins have shift through its history, Curto Circuito being its iconic TV show, being present along with sci-fi series, anime, britcoms, talk-shows, erotic programming and amateur television. Along with originals, it airs several television shows from the United States and the United Kingdom. SIC Radical also shows reruns of popular TV-shows and does live coverage of the most important music festivals in Portugal. In May 2016, SIC Radical launched a Full HD channel to broadcast some Rock in Rio Lisboa shows. Programming Portuguese TV shows Curto Circuito Very Typical Irrita\u00e7\u00f5es Falta de Ch\u00e1 TV series Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations Bad Girls Club Balls of Steel Baywatch Bizarre Foods with Andrew Zimmern Boomtown Cathouse Clone High (also on Biggs) Commercial\n\nQuestion: Define The Best of Candlemass: As It Is, as It Was.", "output": "The Best of Candlemass: As It Is, as It Was is a compilation album by the Swedish doom metal band Candlemass."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Garelochhead railway station () is a railway station serving the village of Garelochhead, on the Gare Loch, in Scotland. This station is on the West Highland Line and is a boundary station for SPT. It is sited from Craigendoran Junction, near Helensburgh, between Arrochar and Tarbet and Helensburgh Upper. ScotRail manage the station and operate most services, with others provided by Caledonian Sleeper. History This station opened to passengers on 7 August 1894. The station was laid out with a crossing loop and an island platform. There were sidings on both sides, and a turntable on the west side of the line. The station was host to a LNER camping coach from 1935 to 1939. A camping coach was also positioned here by the Scottish Region from 1964 to 1967. Until the 1960s, the station was served by a local shuttle service between Craigendoran and in addition to main line\n\nAlejandro \"Alex\" Pompez (May 3, 1890 \u2013 March 14, 1974) was an American executive in Negro league baseball who owned the Cuban Stars (East) and New York Cubans franchises from 1916 to 1950. His family had emigrated from Cuba, where his father was a lawyer. Outside baseball and numbers (illegal gambling), he owned and operated a cigar shop in downtown Manhattan. He later served as a scout and director of international scouting for the Giants franchise in Major League Baseball. He was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006. Biography Pompez was born on May 3, 1890, in Key West, Florida, the oldest of four children born to Cuban immigrants Jose and Loretta Pompez. His father was a lawyer and cigar manufacturer who had connections to Cuban author and dissident Jose Marti. Jose Pompez was on the board of directors for the Key West chapter of the\n\nGrand Ayatollah Sayyid Muhammad-Saeed al-Tabataba'i al-Hakim (; February 1, 1936 \u2013 September 3, 2021) was an Iraqi senior Shi'a marja, one of the Big Four Grand Ayatollahs of the Hawza of Najaf and one of the most senior Shia clerics in Iraq after Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani. Biography Birth Grand Ayatollah Saeed al Hakim was born in the holy city of Najaf on 1 February 1936. Family Sayyid Muhammad Saeed Al-Hakim was a member of the well known and highly respected Hakim Family of Shiite scholars. He was the son of Ayatollah Muhammad Ali al-Hakim, grandson of Sayyid Ahmad al-Hakim, and grand nephew of Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Muhsin al-Hakim. His second cousin, Sayyed Ammar al-Hakim led the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq, one of the largest Shia political parties in Iraq. Education He started his earlier education at the age of 5. His great father, Ayatollah Mohamed Ali al-Hakim started teaching\n\nQuestion: What's Garelochhead railway station?", "output": "Garelochhead railway station is a railway station serving the village of Garelochhead, on the Gare Loch, in Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Joseph \"Jihad Jack\" Terrence Thomas (born 1973) is an Australian citizen who undertook pistol, light firearm and demolition training with Al-Qaeda. Osama Bin Laden visited his training camp three times while he was in attendance and he shook hands with him. He was convicted for receiving funds from Al-Qaeda, which was later overturned on appeal. Thomas, commonly referred to in Australian media as \"Jihad Jack\", was acquitted of providing resources that would assist in a terrorist act before becoming the first Australian to be placed under a control order under the Australian Anti-Terrorism Act 2005. Terrorism conviction Joseph Terrence Thomas was the first Australian to be convicted under anti-terrorism laws introduced in Australia after the 11 September 2001 attacks in the United States. He was sentenced on 31 March 2006 to five years prison with a non-parole period of two years. Thomas's lawyer, Rob Stary, described the not guilty verdicts\n\nCheryl Maas (born 28 September 1984) is a Dutch snowboarder, who competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Torino, finishing 11th at the halfpipe. She also competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, finishing 20th in slopestyle and in the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang where she finished 23rd in slopestyle and 20th in big air. She started snowboarding in 1993. In 2004, she played in the snowboard movie Dropstitch. 2016 Oslo Cheryl Maas took home a gold medal during the women\u2019s big air event. Winter X Games 13 She had an accident in the Winter X Games 13 slopestyle track while training before the event. Personal life Cheryl Maas lived in Oslo and is married to Natalie Hatfield from Boise, Idaho in February 2021. Cheryl has two daughters called Lara and Mila Kjeldaas, with her ex-wife Stine Brun Kjeldaas. After Maas qualified for the 2014 Winter Olympics, she\n\nNandalal Bose (3 December 1882 \u2013 16 April 1966) was one of the pioneers of modern Indian art and a key figure of Contextual Modernism. A pupil of Abanindranath Tagore, Bose was known for his \"Indian style\" of painting. He became the principal of Kala Bhavan, Santiniketan in 1921. He was influenced by the Tagore family and the murals of Ajanta; his classic works include paintings of scenes from Indian mythologies, women, and village life. Today, many critics consider his paintings among India's most important modern paintings. In 1976, the Archaeological Survey of India, Department of Culture, Govt. of India declared his works among the \"nine artists\" whose work, \"not being antiquities\", were to be henceforth considered \"to be art treasures, having regard to their artistic and aesthetic value\". He was given the work of illustrating the constitution of India. Early life Nandalal Bose was born on 3 December 1882\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Nandalal Bose.", "output": "Nandalal Bose was one of the pioneers of modern Indian art and a key figure of Contextual Modernism."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gabriel Imuetinyan Agbonlahor (born 13 October 1986) is an English former professional footballer who played as a forward; he mostly played as a striker, but he was also capable of playing on the wing. He spent his entire professional career with Aston Villa in the Premier League and later the Championship, with loans at Watford and Sheffield Wednesday at the start of his career. He is a product of Aston Villa's Academy, and made his first-team debut in 2006 following loans to Football League clubs Watford and Sheffield Wednesday. He made 391 total appearances for Aston Villa, including 322 in the Premier League. He scored 87 goals for the club, and is their all-time leading Premier League goalscorer, with 74 across 11 consecutive league seasons. Formerly a regular with the England under-21s, Agbonlahor made his senior international debut for England in 2008 and earned three caps. Club career Early career\n\nSix Mile Bottom is a hamlet within the parish of Little Wilbraham, near Cambridge in England. History In the 1790s the only building at Six Mile Bottom was a paddock run by a stable keeper. In 1802, a sizeable country house was built nearby. Early residents were George and Augusta Leigh, the latter being Lord Byron's half-sister. Their residence is now the Country House Hotel, Paddocks House. In 1807 the hamlet was the scene for a bare-knuckle fight between John Gully and Bob Gregson in which Gregson was defeated by Gully in a fight in 36 rounds lasting an hour and a quarter. There was little additional building until the 1840s, but it grew from there until there were 22 homes housing around 170 people in around 1920, most owned by the Six Mile Bottom estate. The hamlet derives its name from its distance from the start of Newmarket Racecourse\n\nDomain engineering, is the entire process of reusing domain knowledge in the production of new software systems. It is a key concept in systematic software reuse and product line engineering. A key idea in systematic software reuse is the domain. Most organizations work in only a few domains. They repeatedly build similar systems within a given domain with variations to meet different customer needs. Rather than building each new system variant from scratch, significant savings may be achieved by reusing portions of previous systems in the domain to build new ones. The process of identifying domains, bounding them, and discovering commonalities and variabilities among the systems in the domain is called domain analysis. This information is captured in models that are used in the domain implementation phase to create artifacts such as reusable components, a domain-specific language, or application generators that can be used to build new systems in the\n\nQuestion: Who was Gabriel Agbonlahor?", "output": "Gabriel Imuetinyan Agbonlahor is an English former professional footballer who played as a forward; he mostly played as a  striker, but he was also capable of playing on the wing."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Institute of Jazz Studies (IJS) is the largest and most comprehensive library and archives of jazz and jazz-related materials in the world. It is located on the fourth floor of the John Cotton Dana Library at Rutgers University\u2013Newark in Newark, New Jersey. The archival collection contains more than 100,000 sound recordings on CDs, LPs, EPs, 78- and 75-rpm disks, and 6,000 books. It also houses over 30 instruments used by prominent jazz musicians. In 2013, the Institute was designated a Literary Landmark by New Jersey's Center for the Book in the National Registry of the Library of Congress. It is the fifth place in New Jersey to be given this designation, after the Newark Public Library, Paterson Public Library, the Walt Whitman House and the Joyce Kilmer Tree, which is located at Rutgers University\u2013New Brunswick. Major collections housed in the Institute include the Jazz Oral History Project, the Mary\n\nDanilo Dirani is a racing driver from Brazil. He was born on January 10, 1983, in S\u00e3o Paulo. In his karting career (between the years of 1992 and 2002), Danilo won 29 different championships in South America. In 2002, Danilo moved to Formula 3 and Formula Three Sudamericana, and finished runner-up to Nelson Piquet Jr. Dirani won just 2 races, compared to Piquet's thirteen. But in 2003, Danilo won 14 out of the 18 races to win the championship. In 2004, Dirani crossed the Atlantic Ocean and came to British soil for the British version of Formula 3, and finished 5th in the championship, with 2 wins, both at Croft and 146 points. He finished behind Piquet Jr, Adam Carroll, James Rossiter and Clivio Piccione. Danilo moved to the P1 Motorsport team for the 2005 British F3 International Series, and again had 2 wins in the opening two races at\n\nMlinci is a dish in Croatian, Serbian and Slovenian cuisine. It is a thin dried flatbread that is easy to prepare by simply pouring boiled salted water or soup over the mlinci. To prepare homemade mlinci, a dough is made of flour, salt, and water, sometimes also with eggs and fat. The dough is then rolled out about 1 mm thick and 20 to 30 cm wide, and baked in an oven or on a hot plate. Later it is broken into pieces about 5 cm in size before final preparation with hot water or soup. Before serving, mlinci can also be quickly fried in poultry fat. Turkey with mlinci is a Croatian folk-cuisine specialty, especially in Zagorje and Slavonia. In Slovenia, duck or goose with mlinci is traditionally eaten on St. Martin's Day. In Serbia, they are usually prepared in the province of Vojvodina, where they are served with\n\nQuestion: What is Danilo Dirani?", "output": "Danilo Dirani is a racing driver from Brazil."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Cowboys Are Frequently, Secretly Fond of Each Other\" (1981) is a song by Latin country musician Ned Sublette, whose music, according to Howard Cohen, features a \"lilting West Texas waltz (3/4 time at about 60\u201390 beats per minute) feel\". It is, according to Gene Tyranny, \"the famous gay cowboy song\". The lyrics satirize the stereotypes associated with cowboys and gay men, such as in the lyrics relating western wear to the leather subculture with the line: \"What did you think all them saddles and boots was about?\" Country musician Willie Nelson's cover (iTunes single 14 February 2006) is the first LGBT-themed mainstream country song by a major artist. The song has been recorded and released by Sublette (GPS: Life is a Killer 1982), Canadian alternative country band Lost Dakotas (Cargo: Sun Machine, 1993), and queercore band Pansy Division (Lookout: Pile Up 1995). Original version Sublette stated that the song is\n\nPlague Angel is the ninth studio album by Swedish black metal band Marduk. It was recorded and mixed at Endarker Studio in September 2004 and released that November by Regain Records. Plague Angel is the first Marduk album to feature Mortuus on vocals and Magnus \"Devo\" Andersson, ex-guitarist for Marduk following his departure in 1994, on bass and mixing. This album marked a definitive shift in Marduk's lyrical approach. Instead of overt Satanism, much of the lyrics take a more religious-like direction. This is due to Morgan and Mortuus' fascination with the Bible, as they both admit to being Bible experts (despite Marduk's anti-religious stance, Morgan has admitted that he uses the Bible as inspiration solely for its violent content, as he finds death and violence to be most inspirational for Marduk, and that he can \"write a complete song mentally by just looking at a violent painting or image\").\n\nWielbark () is a town in Szczytno County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Wielbark. It lies approximately south of Szczytno and south-east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is part of historic Masuria. History The official site of the county of Wielbark gmina states that the first signs of human settlement date before the arrival of the Teutonic Knights, and that the first named settlement mentioned in the area is called Bartniki. This location along with the settlement located near castle-called Karczmarska Wioska, gave birth to Wielbark according to the county's site. The German name of the settlement, \u201cWildhaus\u201d (\"wild game house\"), is first mentioned in 1361 of the Teutonic Order at the southern border of the Teutonic Order State Willenberg (Wildenberg) consisted only of a few buildings when it was founded by komtur Frederic von Willenberg. It developed\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Plague Angel is.", "output": "Plague Angel is the ninth studio album by Swedish black metal band Marduk."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Badge is a 2002 mystery-thriller film directed by Robby Henson and starring Billy Bob Thornton, Patricia Arquette and William Devane. Release The Badge was originally intended to be distributed by Propaganda Films, but the production company went bankrupt during the film's post-production. It was later released on DVD by Lionsgate Films. Synopsis La Salle Parish, Louisiana sheriff Darl Hardwick investigates the controversial local murder of a transgender woman, with the highly sensitive matter being concealed as much as possible by the parish's most influential figures, such figures even going so far as to frame Hardwick for statutory rape involving a local waitress. With his career as sheriff at an end, Hardwick takes a personal stake in the investigation after becoming acquainted with Scarlett, the victim's widow. Hardwick heads down a somewhat reckless path to an understanding of the victim's world, reconciliation for past sins, and a series of dark\n\nKSPF (98.7 FM, \"98.7 The Spot\") is a commercial radio station licensed to Dallas, Texas, and serving the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. KSPF is owned by Audacy, Inc., and airs a classic hits radio format. KSPF's studios and offices are located off North Central Expressway at North Fitzhugh Avenue in Dallas. The transmitter site is in Cedar Hill off West Belt Line Road, amid the towers for other Dallas-area FM and TV stations. KSPF broadcasts in the HD Radio hybrid format; a simulcast of sister station KRLD is heard on the station's HD2 sub-channel. History KROW and KLIF-FM In 1959, when the station was not yet on the air, it was given the call sign KOST, but that was never used. The station was then rebranded KROW and signed on in 1961 as a Top 40 station under the ownership of noted radio programmer Gordon McLendon. Two years later, the call\n\nIn electromagnetics, directivity is a parameter of an antenna or optical system which measures the degree to which the radiation emitted is concentrated in a single direction. It is the ratio of the radiation intensity in a given direction from the antenna to the radiation intensity averaged over all directions. Therefore, the directivity of a hypothetical isotropic radiator is 1, or 0 dBi. An antenna's directivity is greater than its gain by an efficiency factor, radiation efficiency. Directivity is an important measure because many antennas and optical systems are designed to radiate electromagnetic waves in a single direction or over a narrow-angle. By the principle of reciprocity, the directivity of an antenna when receiving is equal to its directivity when transmitting. The directivity of an actual antenna can vary from 1.76 dBi for a short dipole to as much as 50 dBi for a large dish antenna. Definition The directivity,\n\nQuestion: What's The Badge?", "output": "The Badge is a 2002 mystery-thriller film directed by Robby Henson and starring Billy Bob Thornton, Patricia Arquette and William Devane."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alboin (530s \u2013 28 June 572) was king of the Lombards from about 560 until 572. During his reign the Lombards ended their migrations by settling in Italy, the northern part of which Alboin conquered between 569 and 572. He had a lasting effect on Italy and the Pannonian Basin; in the former his invasion marked the beginning of centuries of Lombard rule, and in the latter his defeat of the Gepids and his departure from Pannonia ended the dominance there of the Germanic peoples. The period of Alboin's reign as king in Pannonia following the death of his father, Audoin, was one of confrontation and conflict between the Lombards and their main neighbors, the Gepids. The Gepids initially gained the upper hand, but in 567, thanks to his alliance with the Avars, Alboin inflicted a decisive defeat on his enemies, whose lands the Avars subsequently occupied. The increasing power\n\nIlana Berger (; born 1965) is a Mexican-born Israeli professional tennis player and Olympian. Berger reached her highest individual ranking on the WTA Tour on 10 August 1992, when she became # 149 in the world. On 25 November 1991, she peaked at world number 153 in the doubles rankings. Biography Berger was born on 31 December 1965, in Mexico City, Mexico. She started playing tennis at the age of 7. Tennis career In the late 1980s, after serving for two years in the Israel Defense Forces, Berger became a professional tennis player. She won 7 singles titles in the ITF Women's Circuit. Berger won 12 Maccabiah Games medals during her career, including gold, a few of them as a \"veteran\" while playing Mixed Doubles with Shlomo Glickstein. At the 1989 Maccabiah Games she beat American Andrea Berger to win a gold medal in women's singles. Berger was elected as\n\nTh\u00e9ophile Voirol September 3, 1781, Tavannes, Canton of Bern \u2013 September 15, 1853) was a Swiss general in the French Republican Army, who later became a French nobleman and Governor of Algeria. He was born into a rich family in Tavannes in the Jura region of the Canton of Bern, the son of Justice David Voirol and Marianne Ruedolf. At 12, he was sent to Basel to enter an apprenticeship as a merchant, but he disliked that occupation. When the French Revolution erupted in 1789, the French Republic sent its army into the territory of the Bishop of Basel in 1792. The country was annexed to France, and many young men were conscripted to fill the ranks, among them Th\u00e9ophile's older brother. His family was in despair, but 18-year-old Th\u00e9ophile quickly offered himself as a substitute. This was the beginning of a long and brilliant career in the French Army,\n\nQuestion: What's Alboin?", "output": "Alboin was king of the Lombards from about 560 until 572."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Adrian Williams (born 16 August 1971) is a former Wales international footballer and former Didcot Town manager. He now presents the sports coverage on BBC Radio Berkshire. Club career Reading Born in Reading, Williams started his career with Reading, making his first appearance in the 1991\u201392 season. This first spell at Reading saw him established as a firm fans favourite. His talent and youth saw him play in every position for The Royals, from centre-forward to emergency goalkeeper, wearing every shirt number from 1\u201311, plus both substitute numbers 12 and 14, in the process. He was a regular in the side that missed out on promotion to the Premier League, eventually losing to Bolton Wanderers in the 1994\u201395 First Division Play-off Final at Wembley. Williams had scored the second goal in that game, giving them a 2\u20130 lead in the first half, before two late goals saw Bolton draw level\n\nThe slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) is a freshwater species of fish belonging to the family Cottidae, which is the largest sculpin family. They usually inhabit cold rocky streams or lakes across North America, ranging from the Great Lakes, southeast Minnesota, northeast Iowa, southwest Wisconsin and northeast Canada. Slimy sculpins have also been found roaming the cold streams of eastern Siberia. They are commonly confused with their closely related relatives, Mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi), and with tubenose gobies who are both freshwater fishes as well. The slimy sculpin is a nocturnal fish that usually spends most of its time on the stream bottom and seeks shelter under rocks and logs, especially during spawning season. When it swims, it sometimes appears to be \"hopping\" along the bottom because of its inefficient ability to swim. This is partly due to the absence of a swim bladder, which normally gives buoyancy to a fish.\n\nChelmer is a south-western suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In the , Chelmer had a population of 2,998 people. Geography Chelmer is by road from Brisbane GPO. Chelmer is zoned as a residential area, and consists of low-density housing. It has many fine Queenslanders, characterised by wooden verandahs, wide stairways and roofing of galvanized iron, but in recent years solid brick homes have been built also. Chelmer is located on a bend of the Brisbane River, between the Chelmer Reach () and the Indooroopilly Reach (), with all sides except south bounded by the median of the river. There are four bridges across the Brisbane River from Chelmer to Indooroopilly to the north (from west to east): Walter Taylor Bridge, a road bridge () Indooroopilly Railway Bridge, a rail bridge () Albert Bridge, a rail bridge () Jack Pesch Bridge, for pedestrians and cyclists () Chelmer railway\n\nQuestion: Who is Ady Williams", "output": "Adrian Williams is a former Wales international footballer and former Didcot Town manager."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Blinded by Science is an EP by new wave/synthpop artist Thomas Dolby, comprising extended 12-inch single versions of songs from the 1982 album The Golden Age of Wireless. It was released in 1983. Four of the recordings had previously been released as two separate 12-inch remix singles in the UK: \"She Blinded Me With Science\" backed with \"One of Our Submarines\"; and \"Windpower\" backed with \"Flying North\". (These two singles were also released in 7-inch format, containing their shorter versions.) \"Airwaves\" is the full-length UK album version, since the US version of The Golden Age of Wireless contained the shorter UK single version. Track listing All songs by Thomas Dolby, except where otherwise indicated. Side one \"She Blinded Me with Science\" (Dolby, Jo Kerr) \u2013 5:09 \"One of Our Submarines\" \u2013 7:18 Side two \"Windpower\" \u2013 5:51 \"Airwaves\" \u2013 5:20 \"Flying North\" \u2013 5:36 Personnel Musicians Thomas Dolby \u2013 PPG\n\nLower Tsitika River Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. History The park was established on July 12, 1995. Geography The park is in size. This park protects the lands between three previously established Ecological Reserves, namely Tsitika Mountain Ecological Reserve, Mt. Derby Ecological Reserve and Robson Bight (Michael Bigg) Ecological Reserve. The park is located east of Woss, British Columbia on Vancouver Island. Conservation The reserve helps to protect the upland portions of Robson Bight (Michael Bigg) Ecological Reserve and its sensitive Orca habitat. Recreation The recreational activities available are backcountry camping, hiking and fishing. The park receives minimal visits as hikers are prohibited from entering the Tsitika River estuary. See also List of British Columbia Provincial Parks List of Canadian provincial parks External links Lower Tsitika River Provincial Park at BC Parks Provincial parks of British Columbia Northern Vancouver Island 1995 establishments in British Columbia\n\nThe Municipality of Brda (; , ) is a municipality in western Slovenia. It is located in the Slovenian Littoral region, extending from the Italian border to the So\u010da River. It is bounded by Sabotin Hill () to the east and Korada Hill () to the north. The people speak a distinctive Slovene dialect belonging to the Littoral dialect group. Geography The municipality comprises the Slovenian part of the Gorizia Hills (, ), which are one of the most important wine-producing microregions in Slovenia. It enjoys a mild Mediterranean climate and it is protected from the strong Bora wind, which frequently blows in other parts of the Slovenian Littoral. Settlements In addition to the municipal seat of Dobrovo, the municipality also includes the following settlements: Barbana Belo Biljana Brdice pri Ko\u017ebani Brdice pri Neblem Breg pri Golem Brdu Brestje Brezovk Ceglo Dolnje Cerovo Drnovk Fojana Golo Brdo Gonja\u010de Gornje Cerovo\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Lower Tsitika River Provincial Park is.", "output": "Lower Tsitika River Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Oliver Smithies (23 June 1925 \u2013 10 January 2017) was a British-American geneticist and physical biochemist. He is known for introducing starch as a medium for gel electrophoresis in 1955, and for the discovery, simultaneously with Mario Capecchi and Martin Evans, of the technique of homologous recombination of transgenic DNA with genomic DNA, a much more reliable method of altering animal genomes than previously used, and the technique behind gene targeting and knockout mice. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2007 for his genetics work. Early life and education Smithies was born in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England, to William Smithies and his wife Doris, n\u00e9e Sykes. His father sold life insurance policies and his mother taught English at Halifax Technical College. He had a twin brother and a younger sister. He attended a primary school in the nearby village of Copley and then went to Heath\n\nAksel Lund Svindal (born 26 December 1982) is a Norwegian former World Cup alpine ski racer. Born in L\u00f8renskog in Akershus county, Svindal is a two-time overall World Cup champion (2007 and 2009), an Olympic gold medalist in super-G at the 2010 Winter Olympics and in downhill at the 2018 Winter Olympics, and a five-time World Champion in downhill, giant slalom, and super combined (2007 \u00c5re, 2009 Val-d'Is\u00e8re, 2011 Garmisch, and 2013 Schladming). With his victory in the downhill in 2013, Svindal became the first male alpine racer to win titles in four consecutive world championships. With his successes many consider him the best Norwegian alpine skier ever. While the great Kjetil Andre Aamodt has been more successful at the Olympics, Svindal is by far the most successful on the World Cup circuit. In late-January 2019, he announced his retirement from alpine skiing following the 2019 Ski World Championships. Career\n\nDeath of a Dynasty is a 2003 American comedy film. It is a satire of the hip hop music industry, centered on Roc-A-Fella Records, and stars Ebon Moss-Bachrach, Capone, and Damon Dash. It also features cameo appearances by celebrities such as Jay-Z, Mariah Carey, Chlo\u00eb Sevigny, Master P, Flavor Flav, and Carson Daly. Production and release It premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival in 2003 and was also shown at the Cannes Film Festival. The film was not released to theaters in the United States until 2005. It was co-produced by Roc-A-Fella Films and distributed by TLA Releasing. Damon Dash directed the film and Adam Moreno wrote its screenplay. The film was made in dedication to singer Aaliyah who was dating Damon Dash before her death on August 25, 2001. Cast Ebon Moss-Bachrach as Dave Katz Kevin Hart as P-Diddy / Cop 1 / Dance Coach / Hyper Rapper /\n\nQuestion: Who was Oliver Smithies?", "output": "Oliver Smithies was a British-American geneticist and physical biochemist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Akkadian Empire () was the first ancient empire of Mesopotamia, succeeding the long-lived civilization of Sumer. Centered on the city of Akkad () and its surrounding region, the empire would unite Akkadian and Sumerian speakers under one rule and exercised significant influence across Mesopotamia, the Levant, and Anatolia, sending military expeditions as far south as Dilmun and Magan (modern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Oman) in the Arabian Peninsula. The Akkadian Empire reached its political peak between the 24th and 22nd centuries BC, following the conquests by its founder Sargon of Akkad. Under Sargon and his successors, the Akkadian language was briefly imposed on neighboring conquered states such as Elam and Gutium. Akkad is sometimes regarded as the first empire in history, though the meaning of this term is not precise, and there are earlier Sumerian claimants. Sources Contemporary sources Epigraphic sources from the Sargonic (Akkadian Empire) period are in\n\nAssam Agricultural University (AAU) is an agricultural education state university which was established on 1 April 1969 in Jorhat in the state of Assam, India. The jurisdiction of the university extends to the entire State of Assam with regard to teaching, research and extension education in the field of agriculture and allied sciences. The university has a number of campuses with its headquarters at Borbheta, Jorhat. Colleges The university has faculties and colleges all over Assam: College of Agriculture, Jorhat College of Community Science, Jorhat College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara College of Fishery Science, Raha Biswanath College of Agriculture, Biswanath Chariali Sarat Chandra Sinha College of Agriculture, Rangamati, Dhubri Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, North Lakhimpur College of Horticulture, Nalbari (Currently functioning at Assam Agricultural University's Jorhat campus) College of Sericulture, Titabor (Currently functioning at Assam Agricultural University's Jorhat campus) Research stations The university has six Regional Agricultural Research Stations\n\nThe Miss World Canada contest is a Beauty pageant held annually in different incarnations since 1957 to select Canada's representative to the Miss World contest. In 2017 MTC-W Inc. obtained the exclusive rights to send the Canadian representative to Miss World, chaired since 2016 by former Miss World Canada 1996 Michelle Weswaldi. The annual pageant is held each summer in Toronto, Ontario, but in 2020 the national competition was held on November 7. In 2020, was integrated for the first time the head-to-head challenge competition as part of the Miss World Canada 2020 selection process, where all the 44 candidates faced off in an interview round hosted by the former Mr. World Canada 2012, Frankie Cena, and the first winner ever in Canada is Aiona Santana. The 70th Miss World Final will be held on December 16, 2021 at the Jos\u00e9 Miguel Agrelot Coliseum in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Toni-Ann\n\nQuestion: Define Akkadian Empire.", "output": "The Akkadian Empire was the first ancient empire of Mesopotamia, succeeding the long-lived civilization of Sumer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Thanatus is a genus of false crab spiders described by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1837, belonging to the order Araneae, family Philodromidae. Species of this genus are present in most of Europe. Adult members of this genus of spiders can reach in length and can mostly be encountered above the soil surface (epigeal organism) on low vegetation. The members of this genus have a clear leaf-like cardiac mark on the anterior dorsal elongated abdomen. They are very similar to Philodromus species, but they can mainly be distinguished by differences in the eyes. Species This genus includes approximately 100 species: Thanatus africanus Karsch, 1878 Thanatus albescens O. P.-Cambridge, 1885 Thanatus alpinus Kulczy\u0144ski, 1887 Thanatus altimontis Gertsch, 1933 Thanatus arcticus Thorell, 1872 Thanatus arenarius Thorell, 1872 Thanatus arenicola (Schmidt, 1976) Thanatus aridorum Silhavy, 1940 Thanatus atlanticus Berland, 1936 Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875 Thanatus balestrerii Caporiacco, 1935 Thanatus bungei (Kulczynski, 1908) Thanatus chorillensis\n\nSutton-in-Craven is a village, electoral ward and (as just Sutton) a civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England that is situated in the Aire Valley between Skipton and Keighley. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, in 2001 the population was 3,480, increasing to 3,714 at the Census 2011. The village is adjacent to Glusburn and Cross Hills, but although these three effectively form a small town, Sutton village maintains its distinct identity. History The village existed before 1086 as \"Sutun\": listed in the Domesday Book. The landowner then was Ravenkeld who was taxed on 240 acres (100 hectares) of ploughland. But lands were then given by the Norman crown to its compatriots: Robert de Romille followed by Edmund de Boyvill and then Adam de Copley. In the 14th century, the village was known as Sutton-in-Ayrdale but became Sutton-in-Craven in 1620. In the late 17th century\n\nRay DiPalma (1943-2016) (born in New Kensington, PA in 1943) was an American poet and visual artist who published more than 40 collections of poetry, graphic work, and translations with various presses in the US and Europe. He was educated at Duquesne University (B.A., 1966) and University of Iowa (M.F.A., 1968). Overview DiPalma's were widely anthologized and published in numerous journals. Translations of his poems appeared in French, Portuguese, Italian, German, Spanish, and Chinese. His visual works (including artist's books, collages, and prints) were exhibited in numerous shows in the United States, Europe, Japan, and South America, and in a one-person show at the Stemplelplatt's Gallery in Amsterdam. Two videos based on his book January Zero were made in France. At the time of his death, DiPalma lived in New York City and taught at the School of Visual Arts in Manhattan. During his life, his work was seen at\n\nQuestion: Define Sutton-in-Craven.", "output": "Sutton-in-Craven is a village, electoral ward and a civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England that is situated in the Aire Valley between Skipton and Keighley."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Yaaba is a 1989 Burkinab\u00e9 drama film written, produced, and directed by Idrissa Ouedraogo, \"one of the best known films from francophone sub-Saharan Africa\". It won the Sakura Gold prize at the 1989 Tokyo Film Festival. The film was selected as the Burkinab\u00e9 entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 62nd Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. The film was the subject of a short documentary Parlons Grand-m\u00e8re, which was shot during the film's production by Djibril Diop Mamb\u00e9ty. Plot Burkina Faso's smallest village. The main character of the tale is 10-year-old Bila, who makes friends with Sana, an elderly woman. Everyone refers to her as \"Witch,\" but Bila calls her \"Yaaba\" (grandmother). Sana's medicine is what keeps Bila's cousin Nopoko from dying when she becomes ill. Awards FIPRESCI Prize (Cannes, 1989) See also List of submissions to the 62nd Academy Awards for Best Foreign\n\nLeRoy Martin Satrom (February 4, 1919 \u2013 September 8, 2004) was an American politician and engineer in Portage County, Ohio. He served as county engineer, city engineer, city councilman, and mayor. Satrom is most remembered for his 1970\u20131972 tenure as mayor of Kent, Ohio, specifically for his request for National Guard assistance in the events leading up to the May 4, 1970 Kent State shootings, where four students were killed and nine wounded. He later served four terms as Portage County engineer, and retired in 1988. Early life and career Satrom was born in Galesburg, North Dakota. After graduating from high school he worked on the third lock project for the Panama Canal before he joined the United States Army in 1943 and served in Europe during World War II. At the conclusion of his military service in 1946, he attended Case Institute of Technology in Cleveland (now Case Western\n\nReyhanl\u0131 (; , ar-Ray\u1e25\u0101n\u012byah) is a municipality and district of Hatay Province, Turkey. Its area is 367 km2, and its population is 108,092 (2022). It is near the country's border with Syria. History Formerly known as \u0130rtah (Artah) and Ar-Rayhaniya, Its southernmost environ, Yeni\u015fehir, is thought to be near the ancient village of Imma (or Immae), involved in the Battle of Immae in 272 and probably also with the so-called Battle of Antioch of 218. The 2013 Reyhanl\u0131 car bombings were a terrorist attack that involved the explosion of two car bombs in Reyhanl\u0131 on 11 May 2013. 51 people were killed, and 140 more were injured in the attack. The car bombs were left outside Reyhanl\u0131's town hall and post office. The first exploded at around 13:45 local time, (10:45 UTC) and the second exploded about 15 minutes later. People attempting to help those injured in the first explosion\n\nQuestion: What is LeRoy Satrom", "output": "LeRoy Martin Satrom was an American politician and engineer in Portage County, Ohio."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Judith Guti\u00e9rrez Moscoso (22 December 1927 \u2013 1 March 2003) was an Ecuadorian painter who lived and worked in Ecuador and Mexico. Along with other female artists, she formed part of the Guayaquil School for Contemporary Plastic Arts (Escuela de Guayaquil en las Artes Pl\u00e1sticas Contempor\u00e1neas) and was active in militant groups such as the Union of the Women of Guayas (Uni\u00f3n de Mujeres del Guayas), a precursor to Ecuadorian feminist organizations. In 1964, after Guti\u00e9rrez' first solo exhibitions at Ecuadorian galleries such as the Casa de la Cultura \"Benjam\u00edn Carri\u00f3n\" in Quito, her second husband, the writer Miguel Donoso Pareja, was captured along with other intellectuals by Ecuador's military regime. She accompanied him to Mexico when the regime expelled him there, and she remained there for long periods of her career. In 1982, Guti\u00e9rrez was invited by the Ecuadorian government to exhibit some of her paintings in the National\n\nThe dollar was the currency of New Brunswick between 1860 and 1867. It replaced the pound at a rate of 4 dollars = 1 pound (5 shillings = 1 dollar) and was equal to the Canadian dollar. The New Brunswick dollar was replaced by the Canadian dollar at par when New Brunswick entered the Canadian Confederation. Coins Coins were issued between 1861 and 1864 in denominations of , 1, 5, 10 and 20 cent. The and 1 cent were struck in bronze, the others in silver. The cent piece was struck in error by the Royal Mint, as New Brunswick used a different pound conversion rate than Nova Scotia and did not require the denomination. As most of the coins were returned for melting, surviving cent pieces are scarce. Banknotes Four chartered banks issued notes, the Bank of New Brunswick, the Central Bank of New Brunswick, the Commercial Bank of\n\nAlberte Pullman (n\u00e9e Bucher, 26 August 1920 \u2013 7 January 2011) was a French theoretical and quantum chemist. She studied at the Sorbonne starting in 1938. During her studies she worked on calculations at Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). From 1943 she worked with Raymond Daudel. She completed her doctorate in 1946. On his return from war service in 1946, she married Bernard Pullman. She and her husband worked together until his death in 1996. Together they wrote several books including Quantum Biochemistry, Interscience Publishers, 1963. Their work in the 1950s and 1960s was the beginning of the new field of Quantum Biochemistry. They pioneered the application of quantum chemistry to predicting the carcinogenic properties of aromatic hydrocarbons. Pullman was born in Nantes, France. She was a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science and a member and former President of The International Society of Quantum\n\nQuestion: Who is Judith Guti\u00e9rrez", "output": "Judith Guti\u00e9rrez Moscoso was an Ecuadorian painter who lived and worked in Ecuador and Mexico."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Everyone's a Critic (EaC) was a film community website. It began as an experiment using a collaborative filtering algorithm to obtain film recommendations from people who share similar tastes in film. Over time, this recommendation system website grew into an internet community of cinephiles, critics and reviewers. History In 2002 Dan Seidner, a software developer from suburban Philadelphia, created a website where people could get film recommendations from other people who share their tastes in movies. Site members (hereforth referred to as critics) grade movies and get a list of all other critics from the site, in order of how close individual ratings are to theirs. From there, a critic can look through their closest critic's ratings to get film recommendations. By clicking on the name of critics closest to your film tastes, you get a list of the movies they've seen that you haven't; in order from their highest\n\nSans Plus Attendre is the debut album by Belgian singer Axelle Red, released in 1993. Five singles were taken from the album: \"Kennedy Boulevard\", \"Elle danse seule\", \"Je t'attends\", \"Sensualit\u00e9\" and \"Le monde tourne mal\". Track listing \"Elle danse seule\" (Richard Seff) \u2013 4:01 \"Amoureuse ou pas\" (Edward Holland, Lamont Dozier, Brian Holland, Axelle Red) \u2013 3:23 \"Vendredi soir\" (Brian Nelson, Red) \u2013 2:55 \"Sensualit\u00e9\" (Albert Hammond, Shelly Peiken, Red) \u2013 3:50 \"Le monde tourne mal\" (R. Seff) \u2013 5:18 \"Pars\" (Daniel Seff, R. Seff) \u2013 3:08 \"Je t'attends\" (D. Seff, R. Seff) \u2013 3:33 \"Un homme ou une femme\" (Wigbert Van Lierde, Red) \u2013 3:28 \"Femme au volant\" (Van Lierde, Red) \u2013 3:41 \"Les voisins\" (D. Seff, R. Seff) \u2013 3:35 \"Pr\u00e9sence\" (D. Seff, R. Seff) \u2013 4:05 \"Kennedy Boulevard\" (D. Seff, R. Seff) \u2013 3:42 Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications References 1993 debut albums Axelle Red albums\n\nA condom is a sheath-shaped barrier device used during sexual intercourse to reduce the probability of pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection (STI). There are both male and female condoms. The male condom is rolled onto an erect penis before intercourse and works by forming a physical barrier which blocks semen from entering the body of a sexual partner. Male condoms are typically made from latex and, less commonly, from polyurethane, polyisoprene, or lamb intestine. Male condoms have the advantages of ease of use, ease of access, and few side effects. Individuals with latex allergy should use condoms made from a material other than latex, such as polyurethane. Female condoms are typically made from polyurethane and may be used multiple times. With proper use\u2014and use at every act of intercourse\u2014women whose partners use male condoms experience a 2% per-year pregnancy rate. With typical use, the rate of pregnancy is 18%\n\nQuestion: What is Everyone's a Critic?", "output": "Everyone's a Critic was a film community website."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A greffier is the clerk to a legislature or a court in some countries where French is, or used to be, the language of the legal system. The word greffe refers to the records kept by the greffier or the department of government under the greffier's management. Guernsey In Guernsey, HM Greffier is the Clerk of the Royal Court whilst the States' Greffier is the Clerk of the legislative assembly known as the States of Deliberation. Jersey Since 1931, there have been two Greffiers in Jersey. The Judicial Greffier is the clerk or Registrar of the Royal Court and the other courts of the Island. The Greffier also carries out some of the administrative functions of the Royal Court, for example registering doctors. The Greffier of the States is the clerk and record-keeper for the States Assembly. Propositions presented to the States are described as \"lodged au Greffe\". France The\n\nBaranagar or Baranagore ( , ) is a city and a municipality in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Baranagar is the fifth most densely populated city proper in the world. It is home to the Indian Statistical Institute, an institution of national importance devoted to the research, teaching and application of statistics, natural sciences and social sciences. Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School is one of the oldest and most renowned schools in Baranagar and North Kolkata. Baranagar is a major industrial centre for the manufacture of agricultural and industrial machinery, chemicals, castor oil, and matches; Baranagar is also home to numerous cotton-processing companies, offset & digital printing companies and book publishers. Etymology The word Baranagar derives from the Bengali term Barahanagore (Bengali: \u09ac\u09b0\u09be\u09b9\u09a8\u0997\u09b0), meaning\n\nMarco J\u00falio Castanheira Afonso Alves Ferreira (born 12 March 1978) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a winger. He amassed Primeira Liga totals of 127 games and 15 goals over the course of eight seasons, representing mainly in the competition Vit\u00f3ria de Set\u00fabal and Porto. He also played professionally in Spain, Japan, England and Greece. Club career Primarily known for his speed, Ferreira was born in Vimioso in the Bragan\u00e7a District, and started his career at F.C. Tirsense in the second division. In 1998 he moved to Atl\u00e9tico Madrid B, but only lasted a few months in Spain, finishing the season at Yokohama Fl\u00fcgels in the J1 League. Ferreira would go on to represent F.C. Pa\u00e7os de Ferreira \u2013 also in his country's second level \u2013 where he was a key player, spending the following three-and-a-half seasons at Primeira Liga club Vit\u00f3ria de Set\u00fabal. In January 2003\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Baranagar is.", "output": "Baranagar or Baranagore is a city and a municipality in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Eva Henderson Mottley (24 October 1953 \u2013 14 February 1985) was a Barbadian-born British actress. She played Bella O'Reilly in the television drama Widows, and Corinne Tulser, wife of Denzil Tulser in Only Fools and Horses. Early life Mottley was born into a family of politicians in Barbados in 1953. Her grandfather, Ernest Mottley, was the first mayor of Bridgetown, while her cousin, Mia Mottley, was elected Prime Minister of Barbados in 2018. She was raised in Nigeria and England. After serving 15 months in prison for possession of LSD, Mottley embarked on an acting career. Career Mottley appeared in the drama series Widows, and was scheduled to appear in its sequel. However, shortly before her death in 1985, she left the production of Widows 2 claiming that she had been racially and sexually abused by the production team. Widows 2 was broadcast nearly two months later, with Debby Bishop\n\nAlt\u0131nda\u011f is a municipality and district of Ankara Province, Turkey. Its area is 123 km2, and its population is 413,994 (2022). It covers the northeastern part of the city of Ankara. Its elevation is . Demographics Neighbourhoods There are 26 neighbourhoods in Alt\u0131nda\u011f District: At\u0131fbey Ayd\u0131nc\u0131k Ayd\u0131nl\u0131kevler Baraj Ba\u015fp\u0131nar Battalgazi Be\u015fikkaya Do\u011fantepe Feridun \u00c7elik Gicik G\u00fcltepe G\u00fcne\u015fevler Hacettepe Hac\u0131 Bayram Kale Karaca\u00f6ren Karap\u00fcr\u00e7ek Kavakl\u0131 \u00d6nder \u00d6rnek Pe\u00e7enek Solfasol Tatlar Ulubey Y\u0131ld\u0131ztepe Z\u00fcbeyde Han\u0131m Geography Located just outside the city centre, (beyond the district of Ulus as far as the large Alt\u0131npark), this hillside has long been home to the workers in the city of Ankara but Alt\u0131nda\u011f remains one of the poorer quarters of the capital. The hillside is covered with illegally built gecekondu housing, home to low-income families. Among the housing there are some municipal buildings, public housing, state housing for civil servants and many car-repair workshops. The ancient\n\n\"It's Your Funeral\" is an episode of the allegorical British science fiction TV series, The Prisoner. It was written by Michael Cramoy and directed by Robert Asher and eighth produced. It was the eleventh episode to be broadcast in the UK on ITV (ATV Midlands and Grampian) on Friday 8 December 1967 and first aired in the United States on CBS on Saturday 10 August 1968. The episode stars Patrick McGoohan as Number Six and features Andr\u00e9 van Gyseghem as the retiring Number Two and Derren Nesbitt as the new Number Two. In this episode, a young successor to Number Two plots to assassinate the retiring Number Two and ensure his own success. Plot summary Number Six is awakened one morning by a young woman, Number Fifty, who tells him an assassination is being planned and asks him to help her prevent it. He does not believe her, thinking that\n\nQuestion: What is Alt\u0131nda\u011f", "output": "Alt\u0131nda\u011f is a municipality and district of Ankara Province, Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Fran\u00e7ois Morellet (30 April 1926 \u2013 10 May 2016) was a French contemporary abstract painter, sculptor, and light artist. His early work prefigured minimal art and conceptual art and he played a prominent role in the development of geometrical abstract art and post-conceptual art. Career Morellet began to make still-life paintings at the age of 14 as he studied Russian literature in Paris. After completing his studies, he returned to Cholet in 1948, where he continued to paint, now in the spirit of the COBRA movement. After this short period of figurative/representational work, Morellet turned to abstraction in 1950 after encountering the Concrete art of Max Bill. Morellet then adopted a pictorial language of simple geometric forms: lines, squares and triangles assembled into two-dimensional compositions. In 1960, he was one of the founders of the Groupe de Recherche d\u2019Art Visuel (GRAV), with fellow artists Francisco Sobrino, Horatio Garcia-Rossi, Hugo DeMarco,\n\nRogatec (; ) is a small town in eastern Slovenia, on the border with Croatia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Rogatec. The area traditionally belonged to the region of Styria. It is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region. Geography Rogatec lies on the railway line from Grobelno (Slovenia) to Zabok (Croatia). Name Rogatec was first attested in written records in 1130 as Roas (and as Rohats in 1192, Rohatsch in 1234, Rohathes in 1254, and Rohats in 1363). The name is derived from *Rogat\u044cc\u044c, based on the common noun rog in the geographical sense of 'tall rocky prominence' with possible extension to a hill, mountain, or creek associated with such a geographical feature. The German name of the settlement was Rohitsch. This and the early transcriptions of the name with h are direct evidence that the Slovene phonological change *g > \u03b3 once extended all the\n\nThe Virginia Blue Ridge Railway (VBR) is a historic intrastate short line railroad that operated in central Virginia in the 20th century. History The company was incorporated in 1914, and construction was started in 1915. The VBR extended from Tye River Depot in Nelson County, where it interchanged with the Southern Railway, to Massies Mill. The railroad followed the course of the Tye and Piney Rivers for several miles before entering the mountains. It was initially built to haul chestnut for lumber out of the heavily-timbered Piney River area to local mills until World War I. The chestnut blight wiped out much of the timbered areas. However, the railroad later served several quarries in the area where titanium dioxide and aplite were mined. It passed through the communities of Roses Mill, Piney River, Canopy, Lowesville, and Buffalo Mine. Steam operations on the VBR ended on August 1, 1963, with ex-U.S.\n\nQuestion: Who is Fran\u00e7ois Morellet", "output": "Fran\u00e7ois Morellet was a French contemporary abstract painter, sculptor, and light artist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Cedros is a coastal area that lies on a peninsula at the South-Western end of the island of Trinidad. Named by Spanish sailors due to the once heavy presence of cedar trees, it is located at the tip of the peninsula which lies mere miles off the coast of Venezuela and is the most southern point in the Caribbean. The main area is known as Bonasse which is of French origin meaning \"easy-going.\" Cedros is the closest legal point of entry to Venezuelans wishing to enter Trinidad and Tobago. Economic history Cedros has historically been a fishing village and coconut grove, producing much of the coconuts for harvest. In the 1800's, several estates were producing cotton but switched to sugar with seven distilleries across several sugar estates in operation with rum being the main export. Activity in Cedros increased due to the introduction of the Gulf Steamer in 1818 which\n\nThe Haunted Bookshop is a 1919 novel by Christopher Morley, now in the public domain in the United States. It has remained a popular representative of the \"bibliomystery,\" a mystery story set in the world of books. Plot introduction This is a suspenseful novel set in Brooklyn around the time of the end of World War I. It continues the story of Roger Mifflin, the book seller in Parnassus on Wheels. It also details an adventure of Miss Titania Chapman and a young advertising man named Aubrey Gilbert. The Haunted Bookshop is not a novel of the supernatural. Rather, the name refers to the ghosts of the past that haunt all libraries and bookstores: \"the ghosts of all great literature.\" Throughout the novel Morley, through the character of Roger Mifflin, makes reference to the knowledge and wisdom that one can gain from literature. Plot summary The narrative begins with a\n\n\u00d6zdemir Sabanc\u0131 (May 15, 1941 \u2013 January 9, 1996) was a Turkish businessman and a second generation member of the Sabanc\u0131 family. Biography He was born in Adana, Turkey. After finishing the high school at the Tarsus American College in Tarsus, province Mersin, he received his B.A. degree in chemical engineering from the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), UK. Later, he obtained a master's degree in the same discipline in Switzerland. Returned to Turkey, he worked in the Sabanc\u0131 Holding and soon founded and further developed the synthetic fibres producer Sasa, one of the biggest industrial companies of the group. Under his leadership, Sabanc\u0131 Holding entered into the automotive sector. He established several joint-venture projects with major Japanese companies including production of Mitsubishi coaches and trucks, Komatsu construction equipment, loaders and forklifts. In 1990, he paved the way to produce Toyota cars in Turkey as a\n\nQuestion: What is Cedros, Trinidad and Tobago?", "output": "Cedros is a coastal area that lies on a peninsula at the South-Western end of the island of Trinidad."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "is a volcanic Japanese island in the Philippine Sea. The island is administered by T\u014dky\u014d and located approximately south of T\u014dky\u014d and south of Shimoda Shizuoka Prefecture. It is one of the Izu Seven Islands group of the seven northern islands of the Izu archipelago. The island is the smaller inhabited component of the village of Niijima, which also contains the larger, neighboring island of Niijima and the smaller, uninhabited Jinai-t\u014d. It is part of the \u014cshima Subprefecture of Tokyo Metropolis. , the island's population was 600. Shikinejima is also within the boundaries of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park. Geology Shikine-jima has an irregular and highly indented coastline with many small bays. The interior of the island is of low elevation, rising to 99 m above sea level at and to , near , the highest elevation on the island. Shikinejima is approximately 3 km long by 2.5 km wide. Signs\n\nBaltic Air Surveillance Network (BALTNET) is an air defense radar network operated by the Baltic States of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. Structure The Baltic Air Surveillance Network (BALTNET) is one of the commands within the NATO Integrated Air Defense System (NATINADS). BALTNET's Regional Airspace Surveillance Coordination Centre (RASCC) is located in Karm\u0117lava and reports to NATO's (CAOC) Combined Air Operations Centre: CAOC Uedem. Regional Airspace Surveillance Coordination Centre (RASCC), in Karm\u0117lava, Lithuania (Estonian Air Force) Air Operations Centre, at \u00c4mari Air Base Radar Station, in Leval\u00f5pme, with GM 403 Radar Station, in Otep\u00e4\u00e4, with GM 403 Radar Station, in Kellavere, with AN/TPS-77 (Latvian Air Force) Air Operations Centre, at Lielv\u0101rde Air Base 1st Radiotechnical (Radar) Post, at Lielv\u0101rde Air Base, with AN/TPS-77 2nd Radiotechnical (Radar) Post, in Audri\u0146i, with AN/TPS-77 3rd Radiotechnical (Radar) Post, in \u010calas, with AN/TPS-77 (Lithuanian Air Force) Airspace Operations Centre, in Karm\u0117lava Radar Station in Antaver\u0161is\n\nSaadi Yacef (; 20 January 1928 \u2013 10 September 2021) was an Algerian independence fighter, serving as a leader of the National Liberation Front during his country's war of independence. He was a Senator in Algeria's Council of the Nation until his death. Biography Yacef was born in Algiers. He was born in the bustling Casbah district of Algiers on 20th January 1928, to illiterate ethnic Berber parents. His parents spoke Berber rather than French or Arabic. The son of parents from the Algerian region of Kabylia, he started his working life at age of 14 as an apprentice baker. In 1945, at age of 17, he joined the Parti du Peuple Alg\u00e9rien, a nationalist party which the French authorities soon outlawed, after which it was reconstituted as the Mouvement pour le Triomphe des Libertes Democratiques (MTLD). From 1947 to 1949, Yacef served in the MTLD's paramilitary wing, the Organisation\n\nQuestion: Who was Saadi Yacef?", "output": "Saadi Yacef was an Algerian independence fighter, serving as a leader of the National Liberation Front during his country's war of independence."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Maurizio Damilano (born 6 April 1957) is an Italian former race walker. He won 15 individual medals (22 also with team events), at senior level, at the International athletics competitions. Biography He was the 1980 Olympic Champion and the 1987 and 1991 World Champion in the 20 km race walk. He has 60 caps in national team from 1977 to 1992. Damilano is also the world record holder of the 30 km race walk with the time of 2:01:44.1, achieved in Cuneo in 1992. He is the twin brother of the former race walker Giorgio Damilano and of the coach Sandro Damilano. In 1999, Maurizio Damilano and Giorgio Damilano founded Fit Walking. Achievements National titles Maurizio Damilano has won the individual national championship 21 times. 6 wins in the 10,000 m walk (1979, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985) 1 win in the 15 km walk (1987) 10 wins in the\n\nPhilippe Rausac Page (August 23, 1905 \u2013 July 27, 1958) was an American professional baseball player, coach, manager and scout. A left-handed pitcher, he worked in 31 Major League games over four seasons for the Detroit Tigers and Brooklyn Dodgers. Page was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, and attended Penn State University. He was listed at tall and . On September 18, 1928, at the age of 23, Page made his big league debut with the Tigers. In parts of three seasons with the Tigers, Page went 2\u20133 in 25 games, six of them as a starter. He pitched for the minor league Seattle Indians of the Pacific Coast League from 1931 to 1933 and began the 1934 season as a relief pitcher with the Dodgers. In six games with them, he went 1\u20130 with an earned run average of 5.40. As with many pre-1950 pitchers, Page had poor control. In\n\nFaina is a municipality in central-west Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. The population in 2020 was 6,576 in a total area of . Location and connections Faina is located 218 km. from Goi\u00e2nia in the central-west area of the state. It is part of the Rio Vermelho Microregion. The main access highways are GO-070 Goianira-Itabera\u00ed to the crossroads at Cidade de Goi\u00e1s, and GO-164. Municipal boundaries: North: Araguapaz South: Goi\u00e1s East: Itapuranga West: Matrinch\u00e3 Political data Eligible voters: 5,981 (December 2007) Mayor: Caio Vellasco de Castro Curado (January 2009) Councilmembers: 9 Demographic data Population density: (2007) Population growth rate 2000/2007: -0.99.% Urban population in 2007: 3,862 Rural population in 2007: 3,056 Economic data The main economic activities were cattle raising and agriculture. There were 146,000 head of cattle in 2006. There was modest production of rice, corn, bananas, sugarcane, papaya and passion fruit. Education and health Literacy rate: 79.4% Infant mortality rate:\n\nQuestion: Who is Maurizio Damilano", "output": "Maurizio Damilano is an Italian former race walker."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Korla Pandit (September 16, 1921 \u2013 October 2, 1998), born John Roland Redd, was an American musician, composer, pianist, and organist. After moving to California in the late 1940s and getting involved in show business, Redd became known as \"Korla Pandit\", a French-Indian musician from New Delhi, India. However, Redd was actually a light-skinned African-American man from Missouri who passed as Indian. A pathbreaking musical performer in the early days of television, Redd is known for Korla Pandit's Adventures In Music; the show was the first all-music program on television. He also performed live and on radio and made various film appearances, becoming known as the \"Godfather of Exotica\". Redd maintained the Korla Pandit persona\u2014both in public and in private\u2014until the end of his life. Early life, marriage, and family In 1921, John Roland Redd was born in St. Louis, Missouri. His father, Ernest Redd, was an African-American Baptist pastor.\n\nFigueira de Castelo Rodrigo () is a municipality in the District of Guarda in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 5,150, in an area of 508.57 km2. Located in the Riba Coa (near the River Coa), just like other municipalities around Riba Coa, such as Almeida, Meda, Pinhel and Sabugal. Known for its castle which is a listed National monument, as well as pine-wood forests and rolling hills. The municipality borders the frontier with Spain, formed by the \u00c1gueda River, a tributary of the Douro, which it joins at Barca D'Alva, approximately 18 km north of Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo town. The present Mayor is Carlos Condesso, elected by the Social Democratic Party. The municipal holiday is July 7. Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo figures in Jos\u00e9 Saramago's 2008 novel The Elephant's Journey. Climate Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo has a Mediterranean climate with cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Temperatures\n\nCicci Racing was an American professional stock car racing team that competed in the NASCAR Xfinity Series. The team is owned by Frank Cicci of Elmira, New York and was last driven by Jay Sauter. Beginnings FCR first began racing as a short track team in Upstate New York. They won the Late Model division championship in 1985 at Shangri-La Speedway (later Tioga Motorsports Park before closing after 2005) That year, they made their NASCAR Busch Series debut at North Carolina Speedway, as the No. 67. Jimmy Spencer qualified 30th and finished 19th. They hired Spencer to race in NASCAR's National Modified Tour after that, and subsequently won the championship in that series in 1986 and 1987. During the 1987 season, Cicci and Spencer ran two more races in the Busch Series with Quick Stop Beverage sponsoring. They decided to run Busch full-time in 1988, the team being named Team\n\nQuestion: Define Frank Cicci Racing.", "output": "Cicci Racing was an American professional stock car racing team that competed in the NASCAR Xfinity Series."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gerard Joseph Neesham (born 11 December 1954) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Sydney Swans in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and for the East Fremantle Football Club, Swan Districts Football Club and Claremont Football Club in the West Australian Football League (WAFL). Hailing from a famous Western Australian sporting family, Neesham enjoyed a very successful football career both as a player and coach, and was recognised for his achievements in 2004 when he was inducted into the West Australian Football Hall of Fame. Since 2000, Neesham has served as chief executive officer of the Clontarf Foundation. His services to indigenous youth and to football were recognized in 2011 when he was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia as part of the Australia Day Honours List. Playing career In the WAFL, Neesham played for East Fremantle in 79 games, Swan Districts in 97 games,\n\nSpectrum management is the process of regulating the use of radio frequencies to promote efficient use and gain a net social benefit. The term radio spectrum typically refers to the full frequency range from 1 Hz to 3000 GHz (3 THz) that may be used for wireless communication. Increasing demand for services such as mobile telephones and many others has required changes in the philosophy of spectrum management. Demand for wireless broadband has soared due to technological innovation, such as 3G and 4G mobile services, and the rapid expansion of wireless internet services. Since the 1930s, spectrum was assigned through administrative licensing. Limited by technology, signal interference was once considered as a major problem of spectrum use. Therefore, exclusive licensing was established to protect licensees' signals. This former practice of discrete bands licensed to groups of similar services is giving way, in many countries, to a \"spectrum auction\" model that\n\nMichael Ouweleen (born 1967) is an American television executive and screenwriter. He is the current president of The Cartoon Network, Inc. (CNI), the operating company of Cartoon Network (which includes the Cartoonito and ACME Night blocks), Adult Swim (which includes the Toonami block), and Boomerang. Previously, he was best known as a creative, co-creating the animated television series Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law and the show's spin-off, Birdgirl, and is the executive producer of the television film Re-Animated. He was a long-time creative director at Cartoon Network since 1996, and ran content development and oversaw programming for the network in the mid-2000s. Ouweleen is married with three sons. In 2014, Ouweleen was named CMO of CNI. He was then promoted in November 27, 2019 as the interim president of CNI in addition to Turner Classic Movies, due to the departure of Christina Miller. His stint as interim president of CNI\n\nQuestion: Who is Gerard Neesham", "output": "Gerard Joseph Neesham is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Sydney Swans in the Victorian Football League and for the East Fremantle Football Club, Swan Districts Football Club and Claremont Football Club in the West Australian Football League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The National Roman Museum (Italian: Museo Nazionale Romano) is a museum, with several branches in separate buildings throughout the city of Rome, Italy. It shows exhibits from the pre- and early history of Rome, with a focus on archaeological findings from the period of Ancient Rome. History Founded in 1889 and inaugurated in 1890, the museum's first aim was to collect and exhibit archaeologic materials unearthed during the excavations after the union of Rome with the Kingdom of Italy. The initial core of its collection originated from the Kircherian Museum, archaeologic works assembled by the antiquarian and Jesuit priest, Athanasius Kircher, which previously had been housed within the Jesuit complex of Sant'Ignazio. The collection was appropriated by the state in 1874, after the suppression of the Society of Jesus. Renamed initially as the Royal Museum, the collection was intended to be moved to a Museo Tiberino (Tiberine Museum), which was\n\nIsophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) is an organic compound in the class known as isocyanates. More specifically, it is an aliphatic diisocyanate. It is produced in relatively small quantities, accounting for (with hexamethylene diisocyanate) only 3.4% of the global diisocyanate market in the year 2000. Aliphatic diisocyanates are used, not in the production of polyurethane foam, but in special applications, such as enamel coatings which are resistant to abrasion and degradation from ultraviolet light. These properties are particularly desirable in, for instance, the exterior paint applied to aircraft. Synthesis IPDI is obtained by phosgenation of isophorone diamine: Chemistry IPDI exists in two stereoisomers, cis and trans. Their reactivities are similar. Each stereoisomer is an unsymmetrical molecule, and thus has isocyanate groups with different reactivities. The primary isocyanate group is more reactive than the secondary isocyanate group. See also Hexamethylene diisocyanate Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate Tetramethylxylene diisocyanate Toluene diisocyanate References External links NIOSH Safety\n\nItalian Renewal (, RI) was a centrist and liberal political party in Italy. The party was a member of The Olive Tree and centre-left coalition, while also affiliated to the European People's Party from 1998 to 2004. History Originally the Dini List \u2013 Italian Renewal (Lista Dini \u2013 Rinnovamento Italiano), the party was founded in 1996 by Lamberto Dini, the outgoing Prime Minister, along with former Christian Democrats, Liberals, Socialists, Republicans and Social Democrats. The party joined The Olive Tree centre-left coalition led by Romano Prodi. In the 1996 Italian general election, RI gave hospitality in its electoral lists to the Italian Socialists (SI), the Segni Pact (PS) and the Democratic Italian Movement (MID). The Dini List won 4.3% of the vote, winning 26 seats at the Chamber: 10 Diniani (Dini, Augusto Fantozzi, Tiziano Treu, Natale D'Amico, Ernesto Stajano, Gianni Marongiu, Pierluigi Petrini, Andrea Guarino, Paolo Ricciotti, Lucio Testa); 8\n\nQuestion: What is Isophorone diisocyanate?", "output": "Isophorone diisocyanate is an organic compound in the class known as isocyanates."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bulgarian (, ; , ) is an Eastern South Slavic language spoken in Southeast Europe, primarily in Bulgaria. It is the language of the Bulgarians. Along with the closely related Macedonian language (collectively forming the East South Slavic languages), it is a member of the Balkan sprachbund and South Slavic dialect continuum of the Indo-European language family. The two languages have several characteristics that set them apart from all other Slavic languages, including the elimination of case declension, the development of a suffixed definite article, and the lack of a verb infinitive. They retain and have further developed the Proto-Slavic verb system (albeit analytically). One such major development is the innovation of evidential verb forms to encode for the source of information: witnessed, inferred, or reported. It is the official language of Bulgaria, and since 2007 has been among the official languages of the European Union. It is also spoken\n\nEthel Gordon Fenwick (n\u00e9e Manson; 26 January 1857 \u2013 13 March 1947) was a British nurse who played a major role in the History of Nursing in the United Kingdom. She campaigned to procure a nationally recognised certificate for nursing, to safeguard the title \"Nurse\", and lobbied Parliament to pass a law to control nursing and limit it to \"registered\" nurses only. Biography She was born Ethel Gordon Manson in Spynie, near the Moray town of Elgin in Scotland, the daughter of a wealthy farmer and doctor who died later the same year. Ethel's mother then married George Storer, a Member of Parliament. She was educated privately at Middlethorpe Hall, Middlethorpe, Yorkshire. At the age of 21 she commenced nurse training at the Children's Hospital in Nottingham as a paying probationer nurse, and then at Manchester Royal Infirmary. Her expertise was soon noted and it was not long before she\n\nThe spotted handfish (Brachionichthys hirsutus) is a rare Australian fish in the handfish family, Brachionichthyidae, classified as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List 2020. It has a highly restricted range, being found only in the estuary of Derwent River, Tasmania, and nearby areas, with the main threat to its existence being an invasive species, the Northern Pacific seastar (Asterias amurensis). The spotted handfish is an unusual fish, in that it has highly adapted pectoral fins, which appear like hands (hence the name) and allow it to walk on the sea floor. Description The spotted handfish is a rare species in the handfish family, Brachionichthyidae. The handfishes are a unique, Australian family of anglerfish, the most speciose of the few marine fish families endemic to Australia. Handfish are unusual, small (up to in length), slow-moving, fishes that prefer to 'walk' rather than swim. Their pectoral fins are leg-like with extremities\n\nQuestion: Who is Ethel Gordon Fenwick", "output": "Ethel Gordon Fenwick was a British nurse who played a major role in the History of Nursing in the United Kingdom."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Telix is a telecommunications program originally written for DOS by Colin Sampaleanu and released in 1986. On October 10, 1988 in the release note for Telix 3.10, Sampaleanu announced the creation of 'Exis Inc.'; name used to develop the software until September 25, 1992; which is when Exis Inc. sold Telix to former Exis Technical Support Manager Jeff Woods, who founded 'deltaComm Development Inc.' and it was distributed by them thereafter, including the Microsoft Windows version they developed and released in 1994. The DOS version was shareware and had great popularity in the early 1990s. Its strengths included a fast built-in version of the Zmodem file transfer protocol, rather than needing a separate program, and a powerful scripting programming language similar to C, 'SALT' (Script Application Language for Telix), as well as a simpler scripting language called 'SIMPLE' which was suitable for most scripting tasks. The Windows version suffered from\n\nFifth of July is a 1978 play by Lanford Wilson. Set in rural Missouri in 1977, it revolves around the Talley family and their friends, and focuses on the disillusionment in the wake of the Vietnam War. It premiered on Broadway in 1980 and was later produced as a made-for-television movie. The play is part of the Talley Trilogy, a series of Wilson plays revolving around the Talley family of Lebanon, Missouri. The other plays, both set on July 4, 1944, are Talley's Folly, a one-act dialogue between Sally Talley and her husband-to-be, Matthew Friedman, and Talley & Son, the story of a power struggle between Sally's father and grandfather. Plot summary Kenneth Talley Jr. is a gay double amputee Vietnam veteran living in his childhood home with his boyfriend, botanist Jed Jenkins. At the beginning of the play, he is due to return to his former high school to\n\nYekaterina Alexandrovna Lobysheva (; born 13 March 1985) is a retired Russian speed skater. She won bronze medals in the team pursuit at the 2006 and 2014 Winter Olympics. Career In the season of 2005\u201306 Lobysheva acted for the first time in the European Championships Allround. After good results on the short distances (1st in 500 m, 4th in 1500 m) she finished sixth in the rankings. Thus she placed herself for the World Allround Speed Skating Championships in 2006 where she, despite her good 500 m (second) did not qualify for the final 4th distance. She was the thirteenth in the ranking. In the same year she won three matches at the 1500 World Cup in the B group. She placed herself for the 1000 and 1500 meters at the Olympic Winter Games in Turin. She became the eleventh and sixth respectively. At the European Championships Allround 2007 Lobysheva,\n\nQuestion: Who is Yekaterina Lobysheva", "output": "Yekaterina Alexandrovna Lobysheva is a retired Russian speed skater."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Barney Sedran (born Sedransky; nicknamed \"Mighty Mite\"; January 28, 1891 \u2013 January 14, 1964) was an American professional basketball player in the 1910s and 1920s who is in the Basketball Hall of Fame. Career Nicknamed \"Mighty Mite\", the New York City native was Jewish and grew up on the Lower East Side. Sedran (shortened from Sedransky) was a member of the well-known New York Whirlwinds and Cleveland Rosenblums, among many other teams in New York as well as in Carbondale, Pennsylvania. Sedran played for the Lower East Side's University Settlement House because he was too small to make his DeWitt Clinton High School (Bronx, New York) team. The Settlement team won the 115-pound division championship in 1905\u201306, and the Metropolitan AAU title 1906\u201307. At City College of New York(CCNY) Sedran was the school's leading scorer for three consecutive seasons, 1909\u201311, and was named to various college all-star teams. The smallest\n\nDisney's Magical Quest is a Disney platform game trilogy released by Capcom. The games star Mickey Mouse and (depending on the game version) either Minnie Mouse or Donald Duck, who must defeat Pete. The gameplay is similar amongst all games in the series: the player must move as in a typical platform game, defeating enemies either by jumping on them or by grabbing and throwing blocks at them. One of the most notable gameplay features of the series is the ability to change characters' outfits, which give characters different special abilities. Other gameplay elements in the series include the ability to expand the player's health meter by collecting special hearts, and to shop for items using coins that are scattered throughout the game. The Magical Quest Starring Mickey Mouse The Magical Quest Starring Mickey Mouse, the first game in the series, was released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System during\n\nA micro kart is a small, one passenger mini go-kart. These karts typically have two-stroke engines, ranging in size from 22.5 cc to 85 cc, and putting out anywhere from 1.2 hp to over 20 hp, or an electric motor with rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Types Lower class micro karts The lower-end karts weigh anywhere from 37 to 42 pounds and have solid rubber tires of 4.5 to 6 inches diameter.* They typically have engines ranging from 22.5 cc to 45.7 cc in size, but engines up to 61.5 cc can be purchased from aftermarket sources. These karts usually reach speeds from 18 to 30 mph in stock form, and are primarily used by private parties for recreational riding, but are also raced in racing organizations such as the former ISA Scootercross (International Scootercross Association). Two examples of these types of karts are the Bladez Powerkarts and the Go-Ped Go-Quads.\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Micro kart is.", "output": "A micro kart is a small, one passenger mini go-kart."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Interail was an Australian rail freight operator owned by QR National. In June 2011 it ceased trading as a separate brand, and became part of QR National (now known as Aurizon). Northern Rivers Railroad Northern Rivers Railroad was established in 1990 with the intention of running tourist trains on the Casino to Murwillumbah line in northern New South Wales. Four 421 class locomotives were purchased in 1990 and along with some former South Australian Railways steel and State Rail Authority carriages were restored to operational condition at Junee Locomotive Depot before moving to Casino in October 1996. On 22 September 1997, Northern Rivers Railroad commenced operating cement and flyash trains from Grafton to Casino and Murwillumbah under sub-contract to FreightCorp. A 49 class locomotive was hired from FreightCorp for a few months in 1998. In May 1999, a tourist service started operating the Ritz Rail tourist train between Murwillumbah and\n\nSword of Vermilion is an action role-playing game developed and published by Sega for the Mega Drive console in 1989. It was released in 1990 in North America and 1991 in Europe. It was the first console exclusive game designed by the Sega AM2 studio. The game is part of the Sega Genesis Collection for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable, and was available on the Wii's Virtual Console. In 2021, it was added to the Nintendo Switch Online + Expansion Pack. Storyline Sword of Vermilion is about the son of Erik, king of Excalabria, who takes on a quest of revenge to defeat Tsarkon and free the world of Vermilion from evil. King Erik V and King Tsarkon were close friends who sought the 8 rings of good and evil to bring peace and balance to the realm. However, the rings of evil changed King Tsarkon and he led\n\nBiomedical engineering (BME) or medical engineering is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes (e.g., diagnostic or therapeutic). BME is also traditionally logical sciences to advance health care treatment, including diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Also included under the scope of a biomedical engineer is the management of current medical equipment in hospitals while adhering to relevant industry standards. This involves procurement, routine testing, preventive maintenance, and making equipment recommendations, a role also known as a Biomedical Equipment Technician (BMET) or as clinical engineering. Biomedical engineering has recently emerged as its own study, as compared to many other engineering fields. Such an evolution is common as a new field transition from being an interdisciplinary specialization among already-established fields to being considered a field in itself. Much of the work in biomedical engineering consists of research and development, spanning a broad array of subfields\n\nQuestion: Define Biomedical engineering.", "output": "Biomedical engineering or medical engineering is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Discovery Expedition of 1901\u20131904, known officially as the British National Antarctic Expedition, was the first official British exploration of the Antarctic regions since the voyage of James Clark Ross sixty years earlier (1839\u20131843). Organized on a large scale under a joint committee of the Royal Society and the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), the new expedition carried out scientific research and geographical exploration in what was then largely an untouched continent. It launched the Antarctic careers of many who would become leading figures in the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration, including Robert Falcon Scott who led the expedition, Ernest Shackleton, Edward Wilson, Frank Wild, Tom Crean and William Lashly. Its scientific results covered extensive ground in biology, zoology, geology, meteorology and magnetism. The expedition discovered the existence of the only snow-free Antarctic valleys, which contains the longest river of Antarctica. Further achievements included the discoveries of the Cape Crozier emperor\n\nJoseph Little Bristow (July 22, 1861 \u2013 July 14, 1944) was a Republican politician from the American state of Kansas. Elected in 1908, Bristow served a single term in the United States Senate where he gained recognition for his support of several political causes of the Progressive era. In retirement, Bristow was a farmer in Annandale, Virginia. Bristow was a bit player in a legendary episode in American political folklore when his Senate speech on \"what the country needs\" moved a bored Vice President Thomas R. Marshall, the presiding officer, to stage whisper \"What this country really needs is a good five-cent cigar.\" Early life Joseph Little Bristow was born just outside the hamlet of Hazel Green, Kentucky on July 22, 1861, the son of William Bristow and Savannah (Little) Bristow. William Bristow was the son of a Methodist minister who had become a Methodist minister, taught school, and was\n\nThe Book of Ruth (, Megillath Ruth, \"the Scroll of Ruth\", one of the Five Megillot) is included in the third division, or the Writings (Ketuvim), of the Hebrew Bible. In most Christian canons it is treated as one of the historical books and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel. The book, written in Hebrew in the 6th\u20134th centuries BC, tells of the Moabite woman Ruth, who accepts Yahweh, the God of the Israelites, as her God and accepts the Israelite people as her own. In Ruth 1:16\u201317, Ruth tells Naomi, her Israelite mother-in-law, \"Where you go I will go, and where you stay I will stay. Your people will be my people and your God my God. Where you die I will die, and there I will be buried. May the Lord deal with me, be it ever so severely, if even death separates you and me.\" The book\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Book of Ruth is.", "output": "The Book of Ruth is included in the third division, or the Writings, of the Hebrew Bible."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Osred ( 697 \u2013 716) was king of Northumbria from 705 until his death. He was the son of King Aldfrith of Northumbria. Aldfrith's only known wife was Cuthburh, but it is not known for certain whether Osred was her son. Osred did not directly succeed his father as Eadwulf seized the throne, but held it for only a few months. At the time that the usurper Eadwulf was overthrown, Osred was only a child, and the government was controlled by the powerful Bishop Wilfrid, presumably assisted by ealdormen such as Berhtfrith son of Berhtred. Osred was adopted as Wilfrid's son at this time. Wilfrid's death in 709 appears to have caused no instability at the time, which, together with the rapid rise and more rapid fall of Eadwulf, speaks to a degree of stability and continuity in early 8th century Northumbria which would not long outlast Osred's reign. In\n\nHAVELSAN is a Turkish software and systems company having business presence in the defence and IT sectors. It is headquartered in Ankara, Turkey, with subsidiary companies and offices around Turkey and abroad. Havelsan is mostly active in the fields of C4ISR, naval combat systems, e-government applications, reconnaissance surveillance and intelligence systems, management information systems, simulation and training systems, logistics support, homeland security systems and energy management systems. History Havelsan was established by the Turkish Air Force (TUAF) Foundation in 1982 as a Turkish company named Havelsan-Aydin in order to provide maintenance for the Turkish Air Force's high technology radars. In 1985, Havelsan was separated from the foreign shareholders and incorporated as a national company with a share of 98% owned by the Turkish Armed Forces Foundation. In 1997, Havelsan added command control system (C4ISR), training and simulations system and management information systems to its functions. As the \"Informatics and System\n\nThe John Humphreys House, also known as Sir John Humphreys House, is a historic house museum located in Swampscott, Massachusetts. Although it was long thought to be associated with John Humphrey, an early deputy governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, it was more likely built about 1700, based on architectural analysis. In 1641 Deborah Moody bought the Humphrey house (which he called Swampscott) and 900 acres when the Humphreys returned to England giving her over 1300 acres of what would become Swampscott, Massachusetts. The house was originally located on what is now Elmwood Road (a plaque marks the site), but moved to its current location in 1891 as the Olmsted district was developed. It is currently owned by the Swampscott Historical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990. See also List of historic houses in Massachusetts List of the oldest buildings in Massachusetts National\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Osred I of Northumbria is.", "output": "Osred was king of Northumbria from 705 until his death."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Sisters Rosensweig is a play by Wendy Wasserstein. The play focuses on three Jewish-American sisters and their lives. It \"broke theatrical ground by concentrating on a non-traditional cast of three middle-aged women.\" Wasserstein received the William Inge Award for Distinguished Achievement in American Theatre for this play. Production history The play first opened in April 1992 at the Seattle Repertory Theatre. It premiered off-Broadway in a Lincoln Center Theater production at the Mitzi Newhouse Theater on October 22, 1992, and closed on February 28, 1993, after 149 performances. Directed by Daniel J. Sullivan, the cast included Jane Alexander and Madeline Kahn. It transferred to Broadway at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on March 18, 1993, and closed on July 16, 1994, after 556 performances. Again directed by Sullivan, the Broadway cast remained the same as off-Broadway, except that Christine Estabrook took the role of \"Pfeni\" for Frances McDormand. Notable replacements\n\nPerformance-based budgeting is the practice of developing budgets based on the relationship between program funding levels and expected results from that program. The performance-based budgeting process is a tool that program administrators can use to manage more cost-efficient and effective budgeting outlays. Performance-based budgeting (PBB) As explained by Carter (as quoted in) \"Performance budgets use statements of missions, goals and objectives to explain why the money is being spent. It is a way to allocate resources to achieve specific objectives based on program goals and measured results.\" The key to understanding performance-based budgeting lies beneath the word \"result\". In this method, the entire planning and budgeting framework is result oriented. There are objectives and activities to achieve these objectives and these form the foundation of the overall evaluation. According to the more comprehensive definition of Segal and Summers, performance budgeting comprises three elements: the result (final outcome) the strategy (different\n\nMoor End Academy is a converter academy school located in Crosland Moor, Huddersfield in England. It educates students in ages 11\u201316. The school is operated by South Pennine Academies. The school is rated as 'Outstanding' by Ofsted. History The school, that opened in Easter 1972, was originally known as Moor End High School. It became a Technology College, as part of the specialist schools programme, in 1999 and it was renamed to Moor End Technology College. Moor End converted into an academy as a part of the free schools programme, and was renamed again to Moor End Academy in September 2011. Louise Couzens-Abbot resigned as Chair of Governors, in March 2013, when it was revealed that she was a vice girl. The controlling body, Moor End Academies Trust, changed its name to South Pennine Academies in July 2017. This was due to the building of a new primary school on\n\nQuestion: What's The Sisters Rosensweig?", "output": "The Sisters Rosensweig is a play by Wendy Wasserstein."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Intego is a Mac and Windows security software company founded in 1997 by Jean-Paul Florencio and Laurent Marteau. The company creates Internet security software for macOS and Windows, including: antivirus, firewall, anti-spam, backup software and data protection software. Intego currently has offices in the U.S. in Seattle, Washington, and Austin, Texas, and international offices in Paris, France, and Nagano, Japan. All of Intego's products are universal binaries, and are supported in several languages: English, French, German, Japanese, and Spanish, and previously Italian. History Co-founded by former CEO Laurent Marteau and Jean-Paul Florencio and based in Paris, France, Intego released its first antivirus product in 1997: Rival, an antivirus for Mac OS 8. Two years later in July 1999, Intego released NetBarrier, the first personal security software suite for Mac OS 8. Then in October 2000, Intego released its legacy antivirus software, VirusBarrier 1.0, for Mac OS 8 and Mac OS\n\nInterdisciplinary teaching is a method, or set of methods, used to teach across curricular disciplines or \"the bringing together of separate disciplines around common themes, issues, or problems.\u201d Often interdisciplinary instruction is associated with or a component of several other instructional approaches. For example, in a review of literature on the subject published in 1994, Kathy Lake identified seven elements common to integrated curriculum models: a combination of subjects; an emphasis on projects; the use of a wide variety of source material, not just textbooks; highlighting relationships among concepts; thematic units; flexible schedules; and flexible student grouping. Types There are many different types, or levels, of interdisciplinary teaching. On one end, schools might employ an interdisciplinary team approach, in which teachers of different content areas assigned to one group of students who are encouraged to correlate some of their teaching (Vars, 1991). The most common method of implementing integrated, interdisciplinary\n\nCdigix, formerly known as Cflix, was a digital media provider for institutions of higher education. The company ceased operations at the end of 2008, citing the difficult economic times. It was, at one time, an online music store, serving as a content provider for college students. Their software allowed students to access media such as recorded lectures, podcasts, and educational films from any computer with an internet connection. History Cdigix was founded initially as Cflix, a college campus test pilot for major studio movie rentals. The company soon shifted gears to a music subscription service and later \"introduced\" the online movie service featuring video content from major studios and distributors. In 2002, Cdigix launched the music subscription service Ctrax as a response to the widespread illicit file sharing on college campuses. This coincided with the record and film industries' campaigns against such actions. Starting with Duke University, Cdigix eventually provided\n\nQuestion: What is Intego?", "output": "Intego is a Mac and Windows security software company founded in 1997 by Jean-Paul Florencio and Laurent Marteau."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "John Fairfield (January 30, 1797December 24, 1847) was an attorney and politician from Maine. He served as a U.S. Congressman, governor and U.S. Senator. Fairfield was born in Pepperellborough, Massachusetts (now Saco, Maine) and attended the schools of York County. After serving in the War of 1812, he pursued a business career before deciding to become an attorney, and after in the office of an established lawyer and judge, Fairfield attained admission to the bar in 1826. He practiced in Saco and Biddeford, and became active in politics as a Democrat. He was elected to the US House in 1834, reelected in 1836, and served from 1835 until 1838, when he resigned to become governor. Elected in 1838, he served from 1839 to 1841. He returned to the governorship in 1842, and served until resigning in 1843 to accept election to the U.S. Senate. He was elected to the final\n\nClause-by-clause consideration is the consideration of a bill (a legislative proposal) on an in-depth basis, considering each clause in a separate division of debate. This phase of consideration is generally seen to be the most scrutinous and technical in nature. Clause-by-clause consideration in Canada Clause-by-clause consideration in the Canadian federal parliament takes place in a committee designated to study the bill in question. Generally speaking, clause-by-clause consideration in committee takes place in-between the second and third readings of the bill; however, the House of Commons (or the Senate, as the case may be) do have the authority to refer a bill to a committee before the second reading stage has been completed. While studying the clauses of the bill, the committee can choose to adopt them, delete them, or amend them. However, any amendments made must remain true to the principal goal of the bill (unless the bill has not\n\nLucky Brand is an American denim company founded in Vernon, California in 1990 by Gene Montesano and Barry Perlman. Lucky also produces other apparel, including activewear, outerwear, T-shirts, and professional attire. In 2020, Lucky Brand filed for bankruptcy. It was then acquired by SPARC Group, owner of brands like Brooks Brothers, Nautica, A\u00e9ropostale, and Forever 21. These brands are part of the Authentic Brands Group. History In the 1970s, 21-year-old Jamal H Nathan along with 17-year-old Barry Perlman opened a Florida jeans shop called Four Way Street. \"During the evenings, we'd head out to the local Laundromat with our pockets full of coins and some bleach. A few hours later, we had a stack of great washed jeans -- one of a kind and 100% authentic!\" In 1978, Montesano moved to Los Angeles to enter the fashion industry there. With business partner Michael Caruso, he started Bongo and ran the\n\nQuestion: What's John Fairfield?", "output": "John Fairfield was an attorney and politician from Maine."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "University Heights is a neighborhood in Central San Diego, California centered on Park Boulevard and Adams Avenue. University Heights is bounded on the west and north by the edge of the mesa, the southern boundary is Lincoln Avenue, and the eastern boundary is Texas Street. The area is filled with a number of restaurants, coffee shops, boutiques, and artist studios primarily on Park Boulevard and Adams Avenue. Live entertainment can be found most nights. Adjacent to Hillcrest, Normal Heights and North Park, additional restaurants, bars, coffee shops, and night clubs are within easy reach. The neighborhood sits in a central San Diego location with a broad spectrum of housing options, from cottages, apartments and condominiums, to million-dollar homes. Downtown, Balboa Park, San Diego Airport, Mission Valley, San Diego State University (SDSU, or \"state\"), are only a few minutes away. History The area was founded in 1888. The name \"University\" (both\n\nThe bass guitar, electric bass or simply bass () is the lowest-pitched member of the guitar family. It is a plucked string instrument similar in appearance and construction to an electric or acoustic guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and typically four to six strings or courses. Since the mid-1950s, the bass guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music. The four-string bass guitar is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest-pitched strings of a guitar (typically E, A, D, and G). It is played primarily with the fingers or thumb, or with a pick. To be heard at normal performance volumes, electric bass guitars require external amplification. Terminology According to the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, an \"Electric bass guitar, usually with four heavy strings tuned E1'\u2013A1'\u2013D2\u2013G2.\" It also defines\n\nClaude Tresmontant (5 August 1925 \u2013 16 April 1997) was a French philosopher, Hellenist, and theologian. Biography Claude Tresmontant taught medieval philosophy and philosophy of science at the Sorbonne. He was a member of the Academy of Moral and Political Science. He was given the Maximilien-Kolbe Prize in 1973 and the Grand Prix of the Academy of Moral and Political Science for his complete works in 1987. Works Essai sur la pens\u00e9e h\u00e9bra\u00efque, \u00e9d. O.E.I.L., 1953 (republishing 1956). \u00c9tudes de m\u00e9taphysique biblique, \u00e9d. O.E.I.L., 1955 (republishing 1998). Introduction \u00e0 la pens\u00e9e de Teilhard de Chardin, \u00c9ditions du Seuil, 1956. Saint Paul et le myst\u00e8re du Christ, \u00c9ditions du Seuil, Collections Microcosme \u00ab Ma\u00eetres spirituels \u00bb, 1956 (republishing 2006). La doctrine morale des proph\u00e8tes d'Isra\u00ebl, \u00c9ditions du Seuil, 1958. Essai sur la connaissance de Dieu, \u00c9ditions du Cerf, 1959. Maurice Blondel. Lucien Laberthonni\u00e8re. Correspondance philosophique, \u00e9d. O.E.I.L., 1961. La m\u00e9taphysique du\n\nQuestion: What is University Heights, San Diego?", "output": "University Heights is a neighborhood in Central San Diego, California centered on Park Boulevard and Adams Avenue."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bede (; , ; 672/326 May 735), also known as Saint Bede, The Venerable Bede, and Bede the Venerable (), was an English monk and an author and scholar. He was one of the greatest teachers and writers during the Early Middle Ages, and his most famous work, Ecclesiastical History of the English People, gained him the title \"The Father of English History\". He served at the monastery of St Peter and its companion monastery of St Paul in the Kingdom of Northumbria of the Angles. Born on lands belonging to the twin monastery of Monkwearmouth\u2013Jarrow in present-day Tyne and Wear, England, Bede was sent to Monkwearmouth at the age of seven and later joined Abbot Ceolfrith at Jarrow. Both of them survived a plague that struck in 686 and killed a majority of the population there. While Bede spent most of his life in the monastery, he travelled to\n\nThe Miss Massachusetts USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Massachusetts in the Miss USA pageant. It is currently produced by The Clemente Organization based in Malden, Massachusetts, which also produces the Maine pageant. Shawnae Jebbia was crowned Miss USA in 1998 and Susie Castillo won the crown in 2003. Both Miss USA winners from Massachusetts were asked the same final question during the live telecasts. The most recent placement was Allissa Latham in 2018, placing Top 15. Annika Sharma of Newton was crowned Miss Massachusetts USA 2023 on January 29, 2023. Gallery of titleholders Results summary Miss USAs: Shawnae Jebbia (1998), Susie Castillo (2003) 1st runners-up: Diane Pollard (1978) Top 10/12: Monica Magnus (1979), Janet Marie Flaherty (1982), Mercedes Waggoner (1985), Kristen Mastroianni (1995), Jacqueline Bruno (2008) Top 15: Sandra Ramsey (1957), Barbara Feldman (1960), Elaine Cusick (1961), Sandra Smith (1963), Nancy Brackett\n\nPoring is a small tourist resort in Sabah, Malaysia. Located 40 km south-east of the Kinabalu National Park Headquarters, in the district of Ranau, Poring is situated in lowland rainforest, contrasting with the montane and submontane rainforest of Kinabalu National Park. The name Poring comes from a Kadazandusun word for a bamboo species found in the area. Poring is known for its hot springs and the popular recreation and tourist complex is known as Poring Hot Springs. The springs are known for their therapeutic properties and the waters with their sulphuric minerals are reputed to ease aching muscles. The baths are favoured by returned climbers of Mount Kinabalu. Features Butterfly farm: Borneo's first butterfly farm features a garden, nursery and hatchery for the purpose of research, education and the conservation of endangered species. Poring Orchid Conservation Centre: With 1,200 species of orchids found with Kinabalu Park, the centre has the\n\nQuestion: What is Miss Massachusetts USA", "output": "The  Miss Massachusetts USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Massachusetts in the Miss USA pageant."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A split jump is a sequence of body movements in which a split is performed after jumping, while the performer is still in the air. Split jumps are commonly found in dance, figure skating, and gymnastics, and may also be used as a form of exercise. In figure skating Split jumps are a category of figure skating jumps in which the skater achieves a split position in the air. Unlike most figure skating jumps, split jumps are positional jumps, rather than rotational jumps; the point of them is to achieve a position in the air, not to rotate a specific number of times. Most split jumps are derived from the half flip, a half-rotation jump with a flip entry. Split jumps can also be done with half Lutz or falling leaf (a loop jump with a half-revolution in the air) entries. More rarely, full-rotation flip and Lutz jumps can be\n\nJoseph Rymal (November 17, 1821 \u2013 December 15, 1900) was a Canadian farmer and political figure. He represented Wentworth South in the House of Commons of Canada as a Liberal member from 1867 to 1882. He was born in Barton Township, Upper Canada in 1821, the son of Jacob Rymal. His father was a Reformer in the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada who supported William Lyon Mackenzie. In 1857 Joseph was elected to represent South Wentworth in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada as a Reformer and continued to represent the riding until Confederation. He opposed Confederation but was elected to represent the riding again in the 1st Canadian Parliament and continued to represent it until 1882. He died on his farm in Barton Township in 1900 after a short illness. References 1821 births 1900 deaths Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada\n\nSplit Airport (; ), also known as Resnik Airport (), is the international airport serving the city of Split, Croatia. It is located from Split, on the west side of Ka\u0161tela Bay, in the town of Ka\u0161tela, and extending into the adjacent town of Trogir. In 2019, the airport was the second busiest in Croatia after Zagreb Airport handling 3.3 million passengers. The airport was the busiest in Croatia in 2021 handling 1.57 million passengers, surpassing Zagreb Airport for the first time. It is a major destination for leisure flights during the European summer holiday season and an important seasonal base for Croatia Airlines that offers flights to European cities such as Athens, Frankfurt, London and Paris. History The first grass airfield was located in Sinj and the first commercial route was opened in 1931 by the Yugoslav airline Aeroput. It linked Zagreb with Belgrade through Rijeka, Split and Sarajevo,\n\nQuestion: Define Split jumps.", "output": "A split jump is a sequence of body movements in which a split is performed after jumping, while the performer is still in the air."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Asparagales (asparagoid lilies) is an order of plants in modern classification systems such as the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web. The order takes its name from the type family Asparagaceae and is placed in the monocots amongst the lilioid monocots. The order has only recently been recognized in classification systems. It was first put forward by Huber in 1977 and later taken up in the Dahlgren system of 1985 and then the APG in 1998, 2003 and 2009. Before this, many of its families were assigned to the old order Liliales, a very large order containing almost all monocots with colorful tepals and lacking starch in their endosperm. DNA sequence analysis indicated that many of the taxa previously included in Liliales should actually be redistributed over three orders, Liliales, Asparagales, and Dioscoreales. The boundaries of the Asparagales and of its families have undergone a series of\n\nAphthovirus (from the Greek -, vesicles in the mouth) is a viral genus of the family Picornaviridae. Aphthoviruses infect split-hooved animals, and include the causative agent of foot-and-mouth disease, Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). There are seven FMDV serotypes: A, O, C, SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT 3 and Asia 1, and four non-FMDV serotypes belonging to three additional species Bovine rhinitis A virus (BRAV), Bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV) and Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV). Structure Aphthoviruses are non-enveloped and have an icosahedral capsid with a diameter of around 27 to 30 nm. The assembled viral capsid contains a single copy of the RNA genome and 60 copies of the four viral capsid proteins VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4. The protomers form the sides of the icosahedral capsid. The VP4 protein is internal. Genome The aphthoviruses are differentiated from other picornaviruses as they have a larger genome (7.5\u20138.5 kilobases). The\n\nApplied ethics is the practical aspect of moral considerations. It is ethics with respect to real-world actions and their moral considerations in private and public life, the professions, health, technology, law, and leadership. For example, bioethics is concerned with identifying the best approach to moral issues in the life sciences, such as euthanasia, the allocation of scarce health resources, or the use of human embryos in research. Environmental ethics is concerned with ecological issues such as the responsibility of government and corporations to clean up pollution. Business ethics includes the duties of whistleblowers to the public and to their employers. History Applied ethics has expanded the study of ethics beyond the realms of academic philosophical discourse. The field of applied ethics, as it appears today, emerged from debate surrounding rapid medical and technological advances in the early 1970s and is now established as a subdiscipline of moral philosophy. However, applied\n\nQuestion: What's Asparagales?", "output": "Asparagales is an order of plants in modern classification systems such as the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Web."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Surgery in Primates (LEMSIP) was a New York University research facility founded in 1965 by Edward Goldsmith and Jan Moor-Jankowski. The Tuxedo, New York-based outfit was a prominent vendor of primates and primate parts in the New York metropolitan area. These were used by area scientists for transplantation and virus research. The institute closed in 1998. The facility was the subject of a documentary produced by National Geographic featuring Jane Goodall. The award-winning episode, Chimp Rescue, was broadcast in 1998, shortly after the closure of the facility. The documentary chronicled James Mahoney's efforts to save approximately one hundred primates prior to the closure of the facility. One of the likely contributing factors to the demise of LEMSIP was the revision of the caging requirements prescribed by the USDA. The upgrades would have cost the university at least US$2 million. As a result, custody of\n\nMajor-General Philip James Shears CB (1887\u20131972) was a senior officer in the British Army. He was born on 6 April 1887 in Surbiton, Surrey, the only son of James Charles Shears, a mechanical engineer from Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, and Beatrice Jane Margaret Dumas. He was also a great-grandson of coppersmith Daniel Towers Shears, a partner of James Shears and Sons. He went on to serve as Colonel of The Border Regiment (now part of The King's Own Royal Border Regiment) from 1947 to 1952. In 1948 Philip Shears published The Story of the Border Regiment, 1939-1945. He died on 7 April 1972. References Military record 1887 births 1972 deaths Royal Dublin Fusiliers officers Royal Hampshire Regiment officers Border Regiment officers British Army personnel of World War I British Army generals of World War II People from Surbiton Companions of the Order of the Bath Military personnel from Surrey British\n\nCannibal Sea is the third album by indie rock band The Essex Green. It was released in March 2006 by Merge Records. Background Essex Green formed in 1997 in New York City. A part of The Elephant Six Collective, they released an EP and their debut album on Kindercore Records, followed by a second album, The Long Goodbye on Merge Records in 2003. Cannibal Sea was recorded in a number of studios, including producer Britt Meyers home studio, and released in April 2006. The cover artwork was designed by Maggie Fost. Critical response Critical reaction to the album was mixed to positive. It currently holds a 78% rating, based on 16 critics' reviews, on the review aggregator site Metacritic, indicating \"generally favorable\" reviews. Track listing All tracks written by The Essex Green. Personnel The following people contributed to Cannibal Sea. Chris Ziter \u2013 vocals, guitar Sasha Bell \u2013 vocals, keyboards\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Cannibal Sea is.", "output": "Cannibal Sea is the third album by indie rock band The Essex Green."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Princess Bajrakitiyabha, the Princess Rajasarini Siribajra (, , also known as Princess Pa or Patty, born 7 December 1978) is a Thai princess and diplomat of Thailand, the first grandchild of King Bhumibol and Queen Sirikit of Thailand, and the only one of the seven children of King Maha Vajiralongkorn born to his first wife Princess Soamsawali. Early life and education Princess Bajrakitiyabha was born on 7 December 1978 at Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall, Dusit Palace in Bangkok. She is the eldest child and first daughter of Vajiralongkorn and his first wife princess Soamsawali. She studied at the all-girls Rajini School when she was in elementary and junior high school. She moved to England and began her secondary education first at Heathfield School in Ascot, finishing at the Chitralada School. Princess Bajrakitiyabha received an LL.B. degree from Thammasat University, as well as a B.A. degree in International Relations from Sukhothai\n\nMillbrook Association Football Club is a football club based in Millbrook, Cornwall, England. They are currently members of the and play at Jenkins Park. History The club was established in 1888. They played in district leagues, including the Plymouth & District League, until joining the South Western League in 1980. The club were South Western League runners-up in 1981\u201382 and finished in the top five every season until 1988\u201389, also reaching the final of the Cornwall Senior Cup in 1983\u201384. After losing another Cornwall Senior Cup final in 1998\u201399, they entered the FA Vase for the first time in 2004\u201305, losing 2\u20131 at home to Exmouth Town. The club remained in the league until it merged with the Devon County League to form the South West Peninsula League in 2007, at which point they were placed in Division One West. After finishing bottom of Division One West in 2008\u201309 and\n\nLibahunt (the Estonian name for a werewolf) is the name of a 1912 play (a tragedy) by August Kitzberg, and a 1968 film of the same name based on the play. A triangular love story evolves in a peasant family in southwestern Estonian countryside around Halliste in the beginning of 1800s over a time span of 15 years. Synopsis The play starts on a stormy winter night - the men of the family return from a compulsory church service, where a woman, accused of witchcraft, was whipped to death in front of the church. The characters describe their fears and prejudice. The first act ends with the young daughter of the dead woman, appearing alone and frozen from a snowstorm. She is being adopted into a family, which already has a son, Margus, 14 and one adopted girl, Mari, 8. In the next 3 scenes, 10 years later, all three\n\nQuestion: Who was Bajrakitiyabha?", "output": "Princess Bajrakitiyabha, the Princess Rajasarini Siribajra is a Thai princess and diplomat of Thailand, the first grandchild of King Bhumibol and Queen Sirikit of Thailand, and the only one of the seven children of King Maha Vajiralongkorn born to his first wife Princess Soamsawali."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Trengwainton (, meaning farm of eternal springtime) is a garden situated in Madron, near Penzance, Cornwall, England, UK, which has been in the ownership of the National Trust since 1961. The garden is noted for its collection of exotic trees and shrubs and offers views over Mount's Bay and The Lizard. The house is not open to the public. History First mentioned in 1319 as Trethigwaynton, the name comes from the Cornish language gwenton (springtime). The current dwelling has been on the site since at least the 16th century and was altered and extended in the 18th and 19th centuries. The house is a grade II listed building. The walled garden, which was built in Elizabethan times, seems to have been constructed as a response to the period of persistently cooler weather known as the Maunder Minimum. The wall prevented warm air from escaping from the garden on cool nights,\n\nCraspedacusta sowerbii or peach blossom jellyfish is a species of freshwater hydrozoan jellyfish, or hydromedusa cnidarian. Hydromedusan jellyfish differ from scyphozoan jellyfish because they have a muscular, shelf-like structure called a velum on the ventral surface, attached to the bell margin. Originally from the Yangtze basin in China, C. sowerbii is an invasive species now found throughout the world in bodies of fresh water. Form C. sowerbii medusae are about 20\u201325 mm (approximately 1 in.) in diameter, somewhat flatter than a hemisphere, and very delicate, when fully grown. They have a whorl of up to 400 tentacles tightly packed around the bell margin. Hanging down from the center of the inside of the bell is a large stomach structure called a manubrium, with a mouth-opening with four frilly lips. Circulation of nutrients is facilitated by four radial canals which originate at the edges of the stomach (manubrium), and which are\n\nOrm and Cheep is a 1980s British children's television series that was aimed at the younger viewers of Children's ITV. It used puppets as the main characters (Orm being a worm and Cheep being a bird) and was narrated by Richard Briers. The show was created by Tony Martin, the puppets created by Mary Edwards. There were a total of 26 episodes, which spanned between the years of 1984\u20131987, each episode consisting of eleven minutes. The series was aired in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada and Iran. Plot Cheep was an infant bird who fell from his nest, prior to learning to fly (the theme tune, \"If only Cheep could fly\", ensured that Cheep's difficulties in learning to fly became a recurring joke throughout the series). He befriends Orm, a worm who inhabits a subterranean home. Their acquaintances include Snail and Mouse, all friends and foes have a single-word,\n\nQuestion: What's Trengwainton Garden?", "output": "Trengwainton is a garden situated in Madron, near Penzance, Cornwall, England, UK, which has been in the ownership of the National Trust since 1961."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Peter Donald Beauchamp Hitchener, (born 21 February 1946) is an Australian television presenter with a 50-year career with the Nine Network and 58 years of news broadcasting experience. He has been the chief news presenter for GTV-9 of their flagship bulletin Nine News Melbourne since 1998, and prior to that was the weekend presenter. Career Originally from Texas in rural Queensland, Hitchener began his media career in 1965 at the Brisbane radio station 4BH where he wrote, edited and presented news bulletins. Hitchener then moved on to ABC Brisbane, where he undertook roles as a television news and radio presenter. Still at the ABC, he moved to Sydney in 1973, where he was a relief presenter on the evening news for James Dibble. Hitchener moved to the Nine Network after one year at ABC Sydney, presenting National Nine News first in Sydney and then in Melbourne as the co-anchor of\n\nAndrew Burnett Creeggan (born July 4, 1971) is a Canadian musician, known for being a former member of the alternative rock band Barenaked Ladies. He was also a member of the trio The Brothers Creeggan, and a solo artist having released three albums. Career Barenaked Ladies Creeggan was born in the Toronto suburb of Scarborough, Ontario. Along with his brother Jim, he was invited by Ed Robertson and Steven Page (then performing as Barenaked Ladies as a duo) to play a Christmastime club show with them in Toronto, with Andy playing conga drums. The two were then invited to join the band. Only six months later, at the beginning of the summer of 1990, he joined the Canada World Youth exchange program for a trip to South America. While he was gone, the band met drummer Tyler Stewart, and invited him to join the band. Creeggan returned at the beginning\n\nA Bayer designation is a stellar designation in which a specific star is identified by a Greek or Latin letter followed by the genitive form of its parent constellation's Latin name. The original list of Bayer designations contained 1,564 stars. The brighter stars were assigned their first systematic names by the German astronomer Johann Bayer in 1603, in his star atlas Uranometria. Bayer catalogued only a few stars too far south to be seen from Germany, but later astronomers (including Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille and Benjamin Apthorp Gould) supplemented Bayer's catalog with entries for southern constellations. Scheme Bayer assigned a lowercase Greek letter (alpha (\u03b1), beta (\u03b2), gamma (\u03b3), etc.) or a Latin letter (A, b, c, etc.) to each star he catalogued, combined with the Latin name of the star's parent constellation in genitive (possessive) form. The constellation name is frequently abbreviated to a standard three-letter form. For example, Aldebaran\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Peter Hitchener.", "output": "Peter Donald Beauchamp Hitchener, is an Australian television presenter with a 50-year career with the Nine Network and 58 years of news broadcasting experience."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Frankford Candy & Chocolate Company is an American candy manufacturer, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, founded in 1947 by Sam Himmelstein. The current CEO is Stuart Selarnick. History In the 2000s, Frankford Candy & Chocolate Company became a very successful manufacturer. It is one of the largest producers of chocolate rabbits in the United States, making over 100 varieties. In 2000, it started licensing popular children's TV characters, such as SpongeBob SquarePants. Frankford produces their candy in China, Pennsylvania and Italy. Frankford purchased Cap Candy, a division of Hasbro, and the Wonder Ball from Nestl\u00e9 in the 2000s. The Wonder Ball has been reintroduced to the confectionery market in recent years. References Sources Frankford Candy sweet on a license to thrill \u2013 Philadelphia Business Journal Candy company acquires Wonderball brand \u2013 Philadelphia Business Journal A sweetheart chocolate deal \u2013 Philadelphia Business Journal External links Chocolate companies based in Pennsylvania Confectionery companies\n\nMimolette is a cheese traditionally produced around the city of Lille, France. In France it is also known as Boule de Lille after its city of origin, or vieux Hollande because it was originally inspired by the Dutch Edam cheese. Description Mimolette has a spherical shape and is similar in appearance to a cantaloupe melon. It normally weighs about 2 kg (approximately 4.5 pounds) and is made from cow's milk. Its name comes from the French word mi-mou (feminine mi-molle), meaning \"semi-soft\", which refers to the oily texture of this otherwise hard cheese. The bright orange color of the cheese comes from the natural seasoning, annatto. When used in small amounts, primarily as a food colorant, annatto adds no discernible flavor or aroma. The grey-colored rind of aged Mimolette occurs from cheese mites that are added to the surface of the cheese, which serve to enhance its flavor. Mimolette can\n\nFriends Hospital is a psychiatric hospital located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1813 by Quakers as The Asylum for the Relief of Persons Deprived of the Use of Their Reason, the institution was later renamed the Frankford Asylum for the Insane. It was the first private mental hospital in the United States, and is the oldest such institution with a continuous history of operation. Its campus, which dates to its founding, is a National Historic Landmark. Friends Hospital is accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations and licensed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Mission The 1813 mission statement of the hospital was \"To provide for the suitable accommodation of persons who are or may be deprived of the use of their reason, and the maintenance of an asylum for their reception, which is intended to furnish, besides requisite medical aid, such tender, sympathetic attention as\n\nQuestion: What's Frankford Candy & Chocolate Company?", "output": "Frankford Candy & Chocolate Company is an American candy manufacturer, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, founded in 1947 by Sam Himmelstein."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Stage lighting instruments (lanterns, or luminaires in Europe) are used in stage lighting to illuminate theatrical productions, concerts, and other performances taking place in live performance venues. They are also used to light television studios and sound stages. Many stagecraft terms vary between the United States and the United Kingdom. In the United States, lighting fixtures are often called \"instruments\" or \"units\". In the UK, they are called \"lanterns\" or \"luminaires\". This article mainly uses terms common to the United States. Components See the picture at the top of the page for the physical location of most components. Stage lighting instruments all have the following components: Housing The lamp housing is a metal or plastic container that serves as a body for the entire instrument and prevents light from spilling in unwanted directions. It comprises all of the exterior of the fixture except for the lens or opening. The housing\n\nThe International Children's Games (ICG) is an International Olympic Committee-sanctioned event held every year where children from cities around the world and between the ages of 12 and 15 participate in a variety of sports and cultural activities. History The Slovenian sports instructor Metod Klemenc founded the International Children's Games in 1968 with the aim of promoting peace and friendship through sports to the world's youth. He organised the first International Children's Games and Cultural Festival in 1968 with the participation of teams from nine European cities. Since that time, 37,000 children aged 12 to 15 have been in competition at 47 Summer Games and 6 Winter Games. 411 different cities, 86 countries and all 5 continents have participated. The International Children's Games and Cultural Festival has become the world's largest international multi-sport youth games, and is a recognised member of the International Olympic Committee. The International School Games were\n\nMonika Zehrt (later Landgraf, born 29 September 1952) is a retired East German sprinter who specialized in the 400m. At the 1972 Olympics she won gold medals in the individual 400m and 4 \u00d7 400m relay, setting an Olympic and a world record, respectively. Zehrt also won relay golds at the 1971 European Championships and the 1970 and 1973 European Cup. During her career she set one world record in the 400 m and four in the 4 \u00d7 400m. After retiring in 1974, she earned a degree in external trade and a leading position at a furniture company. She married, but then divorced Jochen Landgraf, a 400m hurdler. References 1952 births Living people People from Riesa People from Bezirk Dresden East German female sprinters Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Olympics Olympic athletes for East Germany Olympic gold medalists for East Germany World record setters in athletics\n\nQuestion: What is International Children's Games?", "output": "The International Children's Games is an International Olympic Committee-sanctioned event held every year where children from cities around the world and between the ages of 12 and 15 participate in a variety of sports and cultural activities."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Coatbridge Central railway station is a station in Coatbridge, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is on the Argyle Line. Train services are provided by ScotRail. Architecture and history The station was originally named Coatbridge and opened in 1842. It was renamed Coatbridge Central in 1953 after the 1826 Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway station named Coatbridge Central closed in 1951. It is on what was originally the Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway, which later became the Glasgow, Garnkirk and Coatbridge Railway. The connection southwards came courtesy of the Wishaw and Coltness Railway, with their first passenger train arriving from Morningside in May 1845. Both companies were taken over by the Caledonian Railway in 1849. A further route to the station, the Rutherglen and Coatbridge Railway from Glasgow via Rutherglen and , was opened in August 1866. The existing station layout is the result of a re-build by the Caledonian Railway in 1900, but\n\nGebhard F\u00fcrst (born 2 December 1948 in Bietigheim, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg) is a German Roman Catholic bishop. He is the Bishop of Rottenburg-Stuttgart. F\u00fcrst began his career attending the Collegium Ambrosianum in Stuttgart, where he studied Greek and Hebrew, in 1969. He then studied theology at the Faculty of Catholic Theology at the University of T\u00fcbingen (1970) and at the University of Vienna (1971 to 1973). In 1975, he passed the necessary theological exams. He then entered the Seminary of Rottenburg-Stuttgart in Rottenburg am Neckar. He was ordained as a deacon in N\u00fcrtingen in 1976 and, a year later, he was ordained as a priest by Bishop Georg Moser in the Basilica of St. Vitus in Ellwangen an der Jagst. That same year, he became the vicar at St. Joseph's Church in Stuttgart. In 1986, F\u00fcrst became the Director of the Academy of the Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart and a member of the\n\nTheralizumab (also known as TGN1412, CD28-SuperMAB, and TAB08) is an immunomodulatory drug developed by Thomas H\u00fcnig of the University of W\u00fcrzburg. It was withdrawn from development after inducing severe inflammatory reactions as well as chronic organ failure in the first-in-human study by Parexel in London in March 2006. The developing company, TeGenero Immuno Therapeutics, went bankrupt later that year. The commercial rights were then acquired by a Russian startup, TheraMAB. The drug was renamed TAB08. Phase I and II clinical trials have been completed for arthritis and clinical trials have been initiated for cancer. Originally intended for the treatment of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and rheumatoid arthritis, TGN1412 is a humanised monoclonal antibody that not only binds to, but is a strong agonist for, the CD28 receptor of the immune system's T cells. CD28 is the co-receptor for the T cell receptor; It binds to receptors on the\n\nQuestion: Who was Gebhard F\u00fcrst?", "output": "Gebhard F\u00fcrst is a German Roman Catholic bishop."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Triaria (1st-century) was a Roman woman, the second wife of Lucius Vitellius the Younger (the brother of emperor Aulus Vitellius). She is mentioned on the funeral monument of her favourite slavewoman, Tyrannis, in Tibur: According to Tacitus, when former praetor Marcus Plancius Varus implied treasonable behaviour by Dolabella, she terrified the City Prefect, Titus Flavius Sabinus, warning him not to seek a reputation for clemency by endangering the Emperor. She was accused of wearing a soldier's sword and behaving with insolent cruelty after the capture of the town of Tarracina. In On Famous Women, Boccaccio praised Triaria for her bravery. An early French manuscript of this work contains a plate f. 63v (captioned \"Miniature showing a bloody slaughter inside a walled city, with Triaria prominent among the wounded warriors.\") which may refer to the sack of Tarracina. See also Triaria gens Notes External links De memorailibus et claris mulieribus: aliquot\n\nScleromochlus (from , 'hard' and , 'lever') is an extinct genus of small pterosauromorph archosaurs from the Late Triassic period. The genus contains the type and only species Scleromochlus taylori, named by Arthur Smith Woodward in 1907. Discovery Its fossils have been found in the Carnian Lossiemouth Sandstone of Scotland. The holotype was discovered around 1900 and is listed as specimen BMNH R3556, a partial skeleton preserved as an impression in sandstone, with portions of the skull and tail missing. Description Scleromochlus taylori was about long, with long hind legs; it may have been capable of four-legged and two-legged locomotion. Studies about its gait suggest that it engaged in kangaroo- or springhare-like plantigrade hopping; however, a 2020 reassessment of Scleromochlus by Bennett suggested that it was a \"sprawling quadrupedal hopper analogous to frogs.\" If Scleromochlus is indeed related to pterosaurs, this may offer insight as to how the latter evolved,\n\nDornava (, ) is a settlement in the Municipality of Dornava in northeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the municipality. It lies east of Ptuj, on the Pesnica River. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Drava Statistical Region. The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Dorothea and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor. It was built 1519 and rebuilt in the early 18th century. Dornava is best known for a large Baroque mansion north of the village. It was initially a castle in the 15th century, but after it was destroyed by fire in 1695 it was, it was bought by the Attems family from the Lords of Ptuj and entirely rebuilt around 1730. It is one of the best-preserved examples of a Baroque mansion in Slovenia. References External links Dornava on Geopedia\n\nQuestion: What's Dornava?", "output": "Dornava is a settlement in the Municipality of Dornava in northeastern Slovenia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "(, also , , ; literally \"rotten pot\", although podrida is probably a version of the original word poderida, so it could be translated as \"powerful pot\") is a Spanish stew, usually made with chickpeas or beans, and assorted meats like pork, beef, bacon, partridge, chicken, ham and sausage, and vegetables such as carrots, leeks, cabbage, potatoes and onions. The meal is traditionally prepared in a clay pot over several hours. It is eaten as a main course, sometimes as a single dish, and sometimes with ingredients separated (i.e., meats from the rest, or liquids from solids). It is a specialty of the city of Burgos. The recipe can be found in Opera dell\u2019arte del cucinare by Bartolomeo Scappi, the cook of Pope Pius V, published in 1570. This recipe was translated in Dutch by Antonius Magirus for the Koock-boeck oft Familieren kevken-boeck, first published in Leuven in 1612. The\n\nThe stretch reflex (myotatic reflex), or more accurately \"muscle stretch reflex\", is a muscle contraction in response to stretching a muscle. The function of the reflex is generally thought be maintaining the muscle at a constant length but the response is often coordinated across multiple muscles and even joints. The term deep tendon reflex is often used by many health workers and students to refer to this reflex. \"Tendons have little to do with the response, other than being responsible for mechanically transmitting the sudden stretch from the reflex hammer to the muscle spindle. In addition, some muscles with stretch reflexes have no tendons (e.g., \"jaw jerk\" of the masseter muscle)\". As an example of a spinal reflex, it results in a fast response that involves an afferent signal into the spinal cord and an efferent signal out to the muscle. The stretch reflex can be a monosynaptic reflex which\n\n\u1e24asan Ibn al-Haytham (Latinized as Alhazen; ; full name ; ) was a medieval mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age from present-day Iraq. Referred to as \"the father of modern optics\", he made significant contributions to the principles of optics and visual perception in particular. His most influential work is titled Kit\u0101b al-Man\u0101\u1e93ir (Arabic: , \"Book of Optics\"), written during 1011\u20131021, which survived in a Latin edition. The works of Alhazen were frequently cited during the scientific revolution by Isaac Newton, Johannes Kepler, Christiaan Huygens, and Galileo Galilei. Ibn al-Haytham was the first to correctly explain the theory of vision, and to argue that vision occurs in the brain, pointing to observations that it is subjective and affected by personal experience. He also stated the principle of least time for refraction which would later become the Fermat's principle. He made major contributions to catoptrics and dioptrics by\n\nQuestion: What is Olla podrida", "output": "is a Spanish stew, usually made with chickpeas or beans, and assorted meats like pork, beef, bacon, partridge, chicken, ham and sausage, and vegetables such as carrots, leeks, cabbage, potatoes and onions."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bascom station is a light rail station operated by Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority (VTA). The station has a single center platform between two tracks. Bascom station is served by the Green Line of the VTA Light Rail system. Location Bascom station is located along the Southwest Expressway near the intersection of Bascom Avenue, after which the station was named. The Los Gatos Creek Trail trailhead is located about a block away from the station. History Bascom station was built as part of the Vasona Light Rail extension project. This project extended VTA light rail service from the intersection of Woz Way and West San Carlos St in San Jose in a southwesterly direction to the Winchester station in western Campbell. The official opening date for this station was October 1, 2005. The construction of this station and the rest of the Vasona Light Rail extension was part of the\n\nThomas Lubanga Dyilo (born 29 December 1960) is a convicted war criminal from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the first person ever convicted by the International Criminal Court (ICC). He founded and led the Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC) and was a key player in the Ituri conflict (1999\u20132007). Rebels under his command have been accused of massive human rights violations, including ethnic massacres, murder, torture, rape, mutilation, and forcibly conscripting child soldiers. On 17 March 2006, Lubanga became the first person arrested under a warrant issued by the ICC. His trial, for the war crime of \"conscripting and enlisting children under the age of fifteen years and using them to participate actively in hostilities,\" began on 26 January 2009, and he was found guilty on 14 March 2012, and faced a sentence of up to 30 years. On 10 July 2012, Trial Chamber I of the\n\nA (, \"community of communes\") is a federation of municipalities (communes) in France. It forms a framework within which local tasks are carried out together. It is the least-integrated form of intercommunalit\u00e9 (intercommunality). As of 1 January 2007, there were 2,400 communaut\u00e9s de communes in France (2,391 in metropolitan France and 9 in the overseas departments), with 26.48 million people living in them. Since then many communaut\u00e9s de communes have been merged or have joined a communaut\u00e9 d'agglom\u00e9ration, a communaut\u00e9 urbaine or a . Whereas there were 2,408 communaut\u00e9s de communes in January 2010 and 1,842 in January 2016, there were only 1,009 communaut\u00e9s de communes left on 1 April 2018. The population of the communaut\u00e9s de communes (2019 population data, 2022 borders) ranged from 105,383 inhabitants (Communaut\u00e9 de communes Le Gr\u00e9sivaudan, covering the area between Grenoble and Chamb\u00e9ry), to 3,983 inhabitants (Communaut\u00e9 de communes du Causse de Labastide-Murat, Lot\n\nQuestion: What is Communaut\u00e9 de communes", "output": "A is a federation of municipalities in France."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Uni\u00f3n Deportiva Lanzarote is a Spanish football team based in Arrecife, Lanzarote, in the autonomous community of Canary Islands. Founded in 1970 it plays in Tercera Divisi\u00f3n RFEF \u2013 Group 12, holding home games at the Ciudad Deportiva de Lanzarote (sports city), a 6,000-seat stadium which is shared with CD Orientaci\u00f3n Mar\u00edtima. History Uni\u00f3n Deportiva Lanzarote was formed in August 1970, in views to a representation outside of the island. In its beginnings the team played on pic\u00f3n (volcanic granules), eventually moving on to FIFA-approved artificial grass. In its first competitive season, 1970\u201371, the team won the Segunda Regional Insular championship (second regional division), and for many years battled through local and Canarian leagues until making its debuts in Tercera Divisi\u00f3n, in 1980; the first campaign ended with a fifth place, and it was also here the club had its first taste of the Copa del Rey \u2013 after a\n\nIn differential geometry, the notion of torsion is a manner of characterizing a twist or screw of a moving frame around a curve. The torsion of a curve, as it appears in the Frenet\u2013Serret formulas, for instance, quantifies the twist of a curve about its tangent vector as the curve evolves (or rather the rotation of the Frenet\u2013Serret frame about the tangent vector). In the geometry of surfaces, the geodesic torsion describes how a surface twists about a curve on the surface. The companion notion of curvature measures how moving frames \"roll\" along a curve \"without twisting\". More generally, on a differentiable manifold equipped with an affine connection (that is, a connection in the tangent bundle), torsion and curvature form the two fundamental invariants of the connection. In this context, torsion gives an intrinsic characterization of how tangent spaces twist about a curve when they are parallel transported; whereas curvature\n\nNeil Sperry is a Texas gardening and horticulture expert known for his books, magazine, radio program, and annual gardening show. Sperry was born and raised in College Station, Texas where he graduated A&M Consolidated High School as Salutatorian and Student Body President. He attended Texas A&M University and earned horticulture degrees from Ohio State University. He married his wife Lynn in 1967, and they now live in McKinney, Texas. While in high school and at Texas A&M University he owned and operated a nursery. From 1970 to 1977, he worked as a Horticulture Specialist for the Texas Cooperative Extension. Neil Sperry hosted a radio show on Dallas station KRLD 1080-AM for over thirty years. On his February 13, 2010 broadcast, Sperry informed his audience that KRLD was exercising a 180-day opt-out clause in their contract. His broadcasting there ended in summer 2010. He now hosts a show on WBAP. Two\n\nQuestion: What's Torsion tensor?", "output": "In differential geometry, the notion of torsion is a manner of characterizing a twist or screw of a moving frame around a curve."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The black-faced monarch (Monarcha melanopsis) is a passerine songbird in the family Monarchidae found along the eastern seaboard of Australia, and also New Guinea (where most birds migrate to during the austral winter; May to August). Taxonomy and systematics The black-faced monarch was originally described as Muscicapa melanopsis by Louis Vieillot in 1818 from a specimen collected in New South Wales. The species is now placed in the genus Monarcha that was introduced by the naturalists Nicholas Vigors and Thomas Horsfield in 1827. The specific name is from the Ancient Greek words melas \"black\" and ops \"face\". English naturalist William Swainson described it in 1823 as Muscipeta carinata, or \"keel-billed flycatcher\", unaware of Vieillot's earlier description. In his 1848 work The Birds of Australia, John Gould called it Monarcha carinata \"Carinated flycatcher\". Australian amateur ornithologist Gregory Mathews described a paler specimen from Cape York as a distinct subspecies pallidus, though\n\nThe Arcadian League () was a league of city-states in ancient Greece. It combined the various cities of Arcadia, in the Peloponnese, into a single state. The league was founded in 370 BC, taking advantage of the decreased power of Sparta, which had previously dominated and controlled Arcadia. Mantinea, a city that had suffered under Spartan dominance, was particularly prominent in pushing for its founding. The league was responsible for the foundation of Megalopolis. Although initially successful in resisting Spartan influence in Arcadia, the league was soon divided in the power struggles that engulfed Greece in the 4th century BC. Thebes, which had been instrumental in the founding of the league, soon came into conflict with Mantinea. At the Battle of Mantinea (362 BC), the cities of the league fought against each other, Mantinea fighting alongside Sparta and Athens, while Tegea and others sided with Thebes. Arcadia and the Peloponnese\n\nDaniel Sperber (Hebrew: \u05d3\u05e0\u05d9\u05d0\u05dc \u05e9\u05e4\u05e8\u05d1\u05e8) (born 4 November 1940) is a British-born Israeli academic and centrist orthodox rabbi. He is a professor of Talmud at Bar-Ilan University in Israel, and an expert in classical philology, history of Jewish customs, Jewish art history, Jewish education, and Talmudic studies. Biography Daniel Sperber was born in Gwrych Castle, Wales. He studied for rabbinical ordination at Yeshivat Kol Torah in Israel, earned a doctorate from University College, London, in the departments of Ancient History and Hebrew Studies. He is married to Phyllis (Hannah) Magnus, a couples therapist, originally of Highland Park, Illinois. They have ten children. One of their daughters, Abigail, is the founder of Bat Kol, an Israeli Jewish religious lesbian group. Academic and rabbinical career He is the Milan Roven professor of Talmud at Bar-Ilan University in Israel, where he is also the President of the Ludwig and Erica Jesselson Institute for\n\nQuestion: Who is Daniel Sperber", "output": "Daniel Sperber is a British-born Israeli academic and centrist orthodox rabbi."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alfred Teltschik (April 21, 1919 \u2013 May 19, 2009) was an American duo pianist and teacher. He was born in Floresville, Texas to Frank and Lenora Teltschik. Alfred attended the Juilliard School of music, where he studied principally with Olga Samaroff. After his debut at Carnegie Hall, he began a duo-piano concert tour with his brother Herbert Teltschik (April 2, 1918 \u2013 January 19, 2013), performing more than 1,000 concerts throughout the United States, Canada, and Mexico. The Teltschik Brothers were renowned for their technique, synergy, and musicianship. After touring for more than 25 years, he settled in Houston, Texas and began the Teltschik Music Studios with his two brothers, Herbert and Frank. In addition to teaching piano, Alfred also composed hundreds of works for solo and duo-piano. He continued to teach piano until only a few years before his death. External links Teltschik Recording Collection: 1952\u20131993 References 1919 births\n\nBaron Herman Severin L\u00f8venskiold (30 July 1815 \u2013 5 December 1870) was a Norwegian-born Danish composer, most noted for his score for August Bournonville's 1836 version of the ballet La Sylphide for the Royal Danish Ballet in Copenhagen. Biography Herman Severin L\u00f8venskiold was born at Ulefoss in the municipality Nome, Norway. He was the son of Eggert Christopher L\u00f8venskiold (1788\u20131861), director of the Ulefos Iron Works. In 1829, his family moved to Denmark. He was trained in music by composer Peter Casper Krossing. He also went abroad where he studied in Vienna, Leipzig and St. Petersburg. Following his return to Denmark, he composed music for a number of dramatic works at the Royal Danish Theatre. From 1851, he was the organist at Christiansborg Castle Church (Christiansborg Slotskirke) on Slotsholmen in Copenhagen. This church, which dated from 1738 to 1742, was frequently attended by members of the Danish royal family. Notable\n\nWalter Trampler (August 25, 1915 \u2013 September 27, 1997) was a German musician and teacher of the viola and viola d'amore. Born in Munich, he was given his first lessons at age six by his violinist father. While still in his youth, he played well enough to tour Europe as violist of the prestigious Strub Quartet. In the mid-1930s, he recorded with Max Strub and Florizel von Reuter (violins) and Ludwig Hoelscher (cello) (i.e. the second formation of the Strub Quartet) and Elly Ney (piano). Later, he was principal violist of the Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra. He left the quartet and emigrated to the United States in 1939. After U.S. Army service in World War II he returned to music, teaching, performing, and recording. In 1947, Trampler became a founding member of the New Music Quartet. He was a founding member of The Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center, and\n\nQuestion: What's Alfred Teltschik?", "output": "Alfred Teltschik was an American duo pianist and teacher."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Philips GoGear is a series of small flash memory and hard drive-based personal electronic devices from Philips. The line includes digital cameras, digital audio players, and audio recorders. The GoGear line is named for the size of its products, all of which are rather small and portable. The digital audio players in the series were primarily designed to compete against the Apple iPod. History The GoGear brand was introduced in 2004, although Philips had been making digital audio players for several years prior. One of its well known players was the Philips HDD100 jukebox from 2003 which featured a 15 gigabyte hard drive. Device synchronization Like the Philips ShoqBox, the GoGear HDD0xx series of audio players are USB mass storage class devices and therefore support driverless file transfer on most systems; however, files transferred via this method will not be available for playback as they must also be added to\n\nThere are two magazines with the name The Drama. Around 1923, The Drama was a monthly review of the allied arts of the theatre sponsored by the Drama League of America. VOL 13 NOS. 8 and 9 was dated May-June 1923. It was edited by Theodore Ballou Hinckley, 59 Van Buren St., Chicago, Ill. In 2000,The Drama was a quarterly arts magazine for contemporary art, design and illustration. It was founded by publisher Joel Speasmaker and ran nine issues with the last being published in 2007. Each issue of the magazine revolved around a particular theme or topic. The Drama is notable for being a part of the independent press and DIY movements of the 2000s. The majority of the magazine's readers were individual issue purchasers, with subscription rates for The Drama being 10% in 2005, compared to 50-60% for many mainstream publications. The publishers estimate a readership of 20,000\n\nMichael James MacKenzie Mayer (born 16 April 1977) is a former professional rugby union player who played centre at Bristol, Leeds and representing Scotland. Early life Jamie Mayer was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was educated at Merchiston Castle School, George Watson's College and played for Scottish schools. He studied at Napier University. Club career He established himself at centre for Edinburgh Reivers. Mayer moved to Leeds from Bristol in 2001, he stayed for one season and scored six tries in the 12 games that he played. Mayer made his debut against Bath and scored his first try against Pontypridd. A strong runner and powerful defender he was hoping to establish himself and Leeds in the top flight and also regain his position in the Scottish international ranks. Mayer's first season ended unhappily with him sustaining a severe hamstring injury just as he was beginning to cement a starting spot\n\nQuestion: Define Philips GoGear.", "output": "Philips GoGear is a series of small flash memory and hard drive-based personal electronic devices from Philips."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Andreas Kofler (born 17 May 1984) is an Austrian former ski jumper. Career Andreas Kofler grew up in Tyrol, in the Austrian Alps. He is a member of the ski jumping club SV Innsbruck-Bergisel, together with Gregor Schlierenzauer. Kofler won his first individual competition in the World Cup on 4 February 2006. Two days later, he came in second place in the team competition. At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, Kofler won the silver medal in the individual competition, finishing only 0.1 points behind Thomas Morgenstern, his teammate on the squad with whom he would later win the Olympic gold medal in the team competition. At the Nordic Ski World Championships 2007 in Sapporo, Japan, Kofler won the gold medal in the team competition and finished in sixth place in the individual competition. At the end of the season, he arrived in second place at the Nordic Tournament,\n\nDialog Axiata PLC (, ) (formerly known as MTN Networks and later Dialog Telekom), is one of Sri Lanka's largest telecommunications service providers, and the country's largest mobile network operator with 17.4 million subscribers which amounts to 57% of the Sri Lankan mobile market. Dialog is a subsidiary of Axiata Group Berhad which owns 83.32% controlling stake of the company, while the rest is held by the public. Dialog was Listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange in 2005 June As of February 2017 Dialog Axiata holds billion () in market capitalization and the 5th largest listed company in Sri Lanka by Market Capitalization. In 2015 \"Dialog\" brand name was valued at LKR 28.6 billion (US$204 million) and as the 3rd most valuable brand in the country by business magazine LMD in its annual study. In 2014 the company received the highest \"Platinum\" rating in the country's Corporate Accountability Index for\n\nThomas de la Rue (24 March 1793 \u2013 7 June 1866) was a printer from Guernsey who founded De La Rue plc, a printing company which is now the world's largest commercial security printer and papermaker. Biography Born on Le Bourg, Forest, Guernsey to Rachel Allez and Eleazar de la Rue. Thomas was the seventh of their nine children. Thomas de la Rue was apprenticed to a master-printer, Joseph Antoine Chevalier in Saint Peter Port in 1803. He went into business with Tom Greenslade and together they launched the newspaper Le Publiciste. Having fallen out with Greenslade, Thomas de la Rue launched his own publication, Le Miroir politique, first published on 6 February 1813. In 1816 he left Guernsey, for London, where he initially established a business making straw hats. Then in 1830 together with Samuel Cornish and William Rock he founded a business of \"cardmakers, hot pressers and enamellers\".\n\nQuestion: What is Dialog Axiata?", "output": "Dialog Axiata PLC, is one of Sri Lanka's largest telecommunications service providers, and the country's largest mobile network operator with 17.4 million  subscribers which amounts to 57% of the Sri Lankan mobile market."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Chad. Chad is a landlocked country in central Africa bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west. Chad is divided into three major geographical regions: a desert zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt in the centre and a more fertile Sudanese savanna zone in the south. First mails Regular mail service in Chad began soon after the French occupation of the area, with a post office established at Fort-Lamy in 1905. Additional offices were opened at Abeche (1909), Amm et Timan (1910), Ati (1909), Bousso (1910), Fada (1920), Faya-Largeau (1920), Mandjafa (1910), and Tchekna (1910). Mail used stamps of French Congo until 1915, then stamps of Ubangi Shari, whose overprints read \"OUBANGUI-CHARI-TCHAD\". Overprints Chad came under\n\n\"The Nosebleed Section\" is a song by the Australian hip hop music group Hilltop Hoods. It was released as a radio single in 2003, and was the final single release from their 2003 album The Calling. The chorus and backing beat of \"The Nosebleed Section\" are sampled from the song \"People in the Front Row\" sung by Melanie Safka. The lyrics of the song deal with upbeat themes of parties, concerts, good times and living the high life involved in an MC's career. Matt Lambert (MC Suffa) said, \"That was definitely a turning point for us. When Triple J started playing it, that was our break. We started getting a lot of festival gigs, show offers, stuff like that.\" The song placed at number 9 on the Triple J Hottest 100, 2003. In 2009, it was voted Number 17 in the Hottest 100 of All Time, and in 2013 it\n\nArbor Day (or Arbour Day in some countries) is a secular day of observance in which individuals and groups are encouraged to plant trees. Today, many countries observe such a holiday. Though usually observed in the spring, the date varies, depending on climate and suitable planting season. Origins and history First Arbor Day The Spanish village of Mondo\u00f1edo held the first documented arbor plantation festival in the world organized by its mayor in 1594. The place remains as Alameda de los Remedios and it is still planted with lime and horse-chestnut trees. A humble granite marker and a bronze plate recall the event. Additionally, the small Spanish village of Villanueva de la Sierra held the first modern Arbor Day, an initiative launched in 1805 by the local priest with the enthusiastic support of the entire population. First American Arbor Day The first American Arbor Day was originated by J. Sterling\n\nQuestion: What is Arbor Day?", "output": "Arbor Day is a secular day of observance in which individuals and groups are encouraged to plant trees."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gustave-Adolphe Hirn (21 August 1815 \u2013 14 January 1890) was a French physicist, astronomer, mathematician, and engineer who made important measurements of the mechanical equivalent of heat and contributions to the early development of thermodynamics. He further applied his science in the practical development of steam engines. Life Hirn was born in Logelbach, near Colmar, into the prosperous textile-manufacturing family Haussmann. Baron Haussmann was a cousin. At 19, he entered his grandfather's cotton factory as a chemist. Later he worked as an engineer, and began research on mechanics, especially on calorics. Hirn carried out numerous experiments during his career, demonstrating the relevance of Carnot's principle in animated engines: the equivalence of thermal and mechanical energy. His work on thermodynamics is considered a major work of the 19th century. Indeed, he deduced from his work an equation of state that introduced both the notion of free volume and internal pressure, notions\n\nThe UNCAF Club Tournament was an annual international football competition held in the UNCAF region (Central America). The competition was open to the leading domestic club teams in the region. The winners of each national league qualified automatically. It also provided qualification places for the CONCACAF Champions' Cup, to which the top three teams advanced. Starting in 2008, all of the Central American nations have one or two teams qualifying directly to the expanded CONCACAF Champions League, thus this tournament ceased to be played. The tournament had been known as the Copa Fraternidad Centroamericana from 1971 to 1983. It was discontinued between 1983 and 1996, when it was revived as the Torneo Grandes de Centroamerica. In 1998, the tournament was renamed Copa Interclubes UNCAF. It was held on an annual basis between 1998 and the last edition played in 2007. In 2016, a new women's tournament was introduced. All-time table\n\nA River Ain't Too Much to Love is the eleventh studio album by Smog. It was released on May 30, 2005 in Europe by Domino Recording Company and in North America by Drag City. It is Bill Callahan's final studio album released under the Smog moniker. Critical reception At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 76, based on 29 reviews, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Track listing Personnel Credits adapted from liner notes. Bill Callahan \u2013 vocals, guitar, various instruments, production Connie Lovatt \u2013 vocals, bass guitar Travis Weller \u2013 fiddle Thor Harris \u2013 zills (2), hammer dulcimer (5), air-drums (5) Joanna Newsom \u2013 piano (4) Jim White \u2013 drums Steve Chadie \u2013 engineering Chris \"Frenchie\" Smith \u2013 mixing (5) Nick Webb \u2013 mastering References External links 2005 albums Bill Callahan (musician) albums Drag City\n\nQuestion: What is UNCAF Interclub Cup", "output": "The UNCAF Club Tournament was an annual international football competition held in the UNCAF region."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "William Warner Hoppin (September 1, 1807 \u2013 April 19, 1890) was the 24th Governor of Rhode Island from 1854 to 1857. Early life Hoppin was a native of Providence, Rhode Island. He graduated from the Hopkins School in 1824 and then went to Yale University and Yale Law School. He practiced law in Providence. Political career He was elected to the Providence City Council in 1838 and served for four years. He later became active as a Whig, and in 1847 he was elected to Providence's Board of Aldermen, where he served for five years. In 1853 he was elected to the Rhode Island State Senate, where he served until 1854. He was elected Governor as a Whig and served three one year terms, 2 May 1854 to 26 May 1857. Hoppin was a member of the Know Nothing or American Party, an anti-Catholic organization which was very influential in\n\nThurstaston Common is an area of almost of parklands, wood and heath between Frankby and Thurstaston, on the Wirral Peninsula in North West England. The common is jointly owned by the National Trust and the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral. Royden Country Park is nearby and offers additional facilities. The Common is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and a local nature reserve. From the top of the Thurstaston Hill there are views of the Dee Estuary (itself an SSSI) and across to the Clwydian Hills of North Wales. The area is popular with walkers and families. SSSI The common is underlain by Triassic sandstone and the varied habitats include wet and dry heaths, acidic marshy grassland and deciduous woodland with birch and oak. The heath is dominated by heather, with bilberry, wavy hair-grass, gorse, heath grass, tormentil, hairy sedge, pill sedge and heath bedstraw, with cross-leaved heath and purple\n\nHanka Paldum (born 28 April 1956) is a Bosnian sevdalinka singer and founder of the record label Sarajevo Disk. She is regarded as one of the best female sevdah performers of the 20th century and is popular in her home country of Bosnia as well as in the rest of the former Yugoslavia. Biography 1956\u201371: Early life and family Hanka Paldum was born in the eastern Bosnian town of \u010cajni\u010de to Muslim Bosniak parents Mujo and Pemba. Paldum has an older brother Mustafa and two sisters, Raza and Rasema. Her father was a logger and her mother wove carpets to provide additional financial assistance for the family, as her fathers salary was not enough to carry a family of seven. Hanka, the oldest female child, began helping her mother with housework at the age of five. When Paldum was seven years of age, her parents moved the family from \u010cajni\u010de\n\nQuestion: What is William W. Hoppin?", "output": "William Warner Hoppin was the 24th Governor of Rhode Island from 1854 to 1857."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Nancy Reagan defense is a tactic in corporate finance used to counter a takeover or merger bidder who has made a formal bid to shareholders to buy their shares. When the board of directors of the target company meets to consider the bid, they \"just say no.\" For example, in a discussion of a takeover of the Walt Disney Company by Comcast, analyst Andy Kessler on Wall Street Week stated \"there are two great Wall Street defenses. One is the Nancy Reagan defense and the other is the Pac-Man defense, right? And the Nancy Reagan defense is, just say no.\" An early use of the term referred to NCR's takeover defense against AT&T in 1991. The term refers to the \"Just Say No\" anti-drug campaign of the early 1980s and repeated by former United States First Lady Nancy Reagan advocating abstinence from recreational drug use. References Further reading \"Hostile\n\nA comedy film is a category of film which emphasizes on humor. These films are designed to make the audience laugh in amusement. Films in this style traditionally have a happy ending (dark comedy being an exception to this rule). Comedy is one of the oldest genres in film and it is derived from classical comedy in theatre. Some of the earliest silent films were comedies such as slapstick comedy which often relies on visual depictions, such as sight gags and pratfalls, so they can be enjoyed without requiring sound. To provide drama and excitement to silent movies, live music was played in sync with the action on the screen, by pianos, organs, and other instruments. When sound films became more prevalent during the 1920s, comedy films grew in popularity, as laughter could result from both burlesque situations but now also from humorous dialogue. Comedy, compared with other film genres,\n\nA wash sale is a sale of a security (stocks, bonds, options) at a loss and repurchase of the same or substantially identical security (judging by CUSIP or Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures numbers) shortly before or after. Losses from such sales are not deductible in most cases under the Internal Revenue Code in the United States. Wash sale regulations disallow an investor who holds an unrealized loss from accelerating a tax deduction into the current tax year, unless the investor is out of the position for some significant length of time. A wash sale can take place at any time during the year, or across year boundaries. In the United Kingdom, a similar practice which specifically takes place at the end of a calendar year is known as bed and breakfasting. In a bed-and-breakfasting transaction, a position is sold on the last trading day of the year (typically\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Comedy film is.", "output": "A comedy film is a category of film which emphasizes on humor."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "pfSense is a firewall/router computer software distribution based on FreeBSD. The open source pfSense Community Edition (CE) and pfSense Plus is installed on a physical computer or a virtual machine to make a dedicated firewall/router for a network. It can be configured and upgraded through a web-based interface, and requires no knowledge of the underlying FreeBSD system to manage. Overview The pfSense project began in 2004 as a fork of the m0n0wall project by Chris Buechler and Scott Ullrich. Its first release was in October 2006. The name derives from the fact that the software uses the packet-filtering tool, PF. Notable functions of pfSense include traffic shaping, VPNs using IPsec or PPTP, captive portal, stateful firewall, network address translation, 802.1q support for VLANs, and dynamic DNS. pfSense can be installed on hardware with an x86-64 processor architecture. It can also be installed on embedded hardware using Compact Flash or SD\n\nJuan Carlos Gumucio Quiroga (November 7, 1949 \u2013 February 25, 2002) was a Bolivian-born journalist and writer, and the second husband of Marie Colvin. Career Gumucio worked as a journalist for over 30 years, having started his career in his hometown, Cochabamba, as a crime reporter for Los Tiempos and Radio Centro. During the early 1970s, Gumucio was forced to leave his native Bolivia for Argentina following a military coup. Due to his involvement with activism in left-wing politics, he was unable to return to Bolivia and moved to Washington where he worked for a period as a political attach\u00e9 in the Bolivian embassy in the United States and as press secretary for the Organization of American States before joining the Associated Press news agency in New York as a reporter. He was later posted to Rome, Tehran and Beirut. When AP ordered its foreign staff to leave Lebanon, after\n\nChico's Tacos is a small local restaurant chain based in El Paso, Texas. It was founded on July 4, 1953 by local boxing promoter Joe Mora. Long considered a local institution in El Paso, it is perhaps the city's best-known restaurant, having been featured in the Food Network show The Best Thing I Ever Ate. It was also a topic of the Gabriel Iglesias stand up act I'm not Fat... I'm Fluffy. Chico's has entered into local legend for its rolled tacos in a special tomato soup-like sauce, as well as its low prices. Other items on the menu include hamburgers, French fries, grilled cheese sandwiches (or as Chicos Tacos employees often refer to them as \"grillos\"), and special round hot dogs served on hamburger buns. Originally located at 4230 Alameda Avenue on El Paso's south side, Chico's has since expanded to five El Paso locations, primarily on the town's\n\nQuestion: What is Chico's Tacos", "output": "Chico's Tacos is a small local restaurant chain based in El Paso, Texas."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Fornos de Algodres () is a municipality and a town in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 4,989, in an area of 131.45 km2. The municipality is located in Guarda District, Centro Region, Serra da Estrela Subregion. The present Mayor is Manuel Fonseca, elected by the Social Democratic Party. The municipal holiday is September 29. The seat of the municipality, Fornos de Algodres, is a historic town and boasts panoramic views of the upper Mondego river Valley and a nineteenth-century market with nearby winding cobbled streets as well as the Serra da Estrela, the highest mountain range in mainland Portugal. Cities nearby: Mangualde, Gouveia, Seia, Guarda, Viseu, Trancoso, Pinhel. Gastronomy: Queijo da Serra (hard cheese); requeij\u00f5es (soft cheese). Train station: Fornos de Algodres Linha da Beira Alta. Parishes Administratively, the municipality is divided into 12 civil parishes (freguesias): Algodres Casal Vasco Corti\u00e7\u00f4 e Vila Ch\u00e3 Figueir\u00f3 da Granja Fornos de\n\nRick Steven Dennison (born June 22, 1958) is an American football coach and former player. He most recently was the senior offensive advisor for the Minnesota Vikings. He was the offensive line coach and run game coordinator for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL) from 2019-2020. An assistant in the NFL since 1995, he served as offensive coordinator for the Denver Broncos (2006\u20132008, 2015-2016), Houston Texans (2010\u20132013), and Buffalo Bills (2017), and served as quarterbacks coach for the Baltimore Ravens in 2014. He was the special teams coach for the Super Bowl Champion Broncos in 1997 and 1998. A linebacker who spent his entire NFL playing career in Denver from 1982 to 1990, he appeared in Super Bowls XXI, XXII, and XXIV. Early years Dennison was born in Kalispell, Montana, on June 22, 1958. His father George was the 16th President of The University of Montana from\n\nMan to Man with Dean Learner is a British comedy chat show that was first broadcast on Channel 4 on 20 October 2006 and released on DVD on 3 September 2007. It features comedians Richard Ayoade and Matthew Holness. Originally called Deano's After Dark, the show features Dean Learner (Ayoade) chatting to a range of guest characters (all played by Ayoade's co-writer, Matthew Holness) including folk singer Merriman Weir and horror writer Garth Marenghi. Production Holness and Ayoade spent time testing out material in front of a live audience in December 2005 ; the show involved Ayoade fixed in the role of smut-peddling presenter Dean Learner and Holness playing various characters. These included Glynn Nimron, a sci-fi \u2013 or \"S.F.\", as he preferred it \u2013 actor with a new biography detailing his extremely close relationship with a director; Garth Marenghi, returning to promote his new Darkplace-esque movie War of the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Fornos de Algodres is.", "output": "Fornos de Algodres is a municipality and a town in Portugal."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"I Pity the Fool\" is a soul blues song originally recorded by Bobby Bland in 1961 for his first Duke Records album, Two Steps from the Blues. Many music writers believe it was written by Joe Medwick, although Duke owner Don Robey (using the pseudonym \"Deadric Malone\") appears on the songwriting credits. The lyrics tell of a man, who, while pitying others for falling for a certain woman, knows that he is also shamed. After its release as a single, it became one of Bland's biggest hits and most identifiable songs. Subsequently, several artists have recorded renditions. Original song Bland described \"I Pity the Fool\" as one of the first songs to fit his emerging style. Although he did not recall the writer, he acknowledged Joe Medwick's contribution. However, Bland biographer Charles Farley identifies Medwick as the actual writer. Medwick (born Medwick Veasey) was a Houston, Texas-area, independent songwriter/broker. He\n\nChristian Brothers College, Monkstown Park (or CBC Monkstown Park) is a private fee-paying Catholic school and Independent Junior school, founded in 1856 in Monkstown, D\u00fan Laoghaire, County Dublin, Ireland. The college arrived at Monkstown Park in 1950 from Eblana Avenue in D\u00fan Laoghaire via a short stint on Tivoli Road. As of September 2022, it was in its 73rd academic year of existence at Monkstown Park, the 165th overall. The intended mission of the college's former patron, the Congregation of the Christian Brothers established in 1802 by Edmund Ignatius Rice, was the education of poor boys in Ireland by providing them with basic levels of literacy. This was the broad aim of the school when it opened its doors in 1856 at Eblana Avenue in what was then known as Kingstown (now D\u00fan Laoghaire), a port town south of Dublin City. As the years went by, the aims of the\n\nThe deacon Apollonius and his convert Philemon were Christian martyrs of the Diocletianic Persecution around 303. Philemon was a famous flute player, mime and actor at Antino\u00f6polis in Egypt. Narrative During the persecution, Philemon dons the deacon's clothes so that, disguised as Apollonius, he may offer the required sacrifice to Jupiter in his stead, and the deacon avoids imprisonment and death. However, just before performing the public sacrifice, Philemon is recognized and declares himself a Christian, and refuses to make the sacrifice. They were brought from Antino\u00eb to Alexandria, and put to death with many others who had become believers in Christ. Their fate was to be bound hand and foot and to be cast into the sea. Veneration Their feast day is 8 March. Philemon is the patron saint of dancers. Legacy The story formed the subject of Philemon Martyr, a play by Jacob Bidermann. Bidermann presents acting as\n\nQuestion: What's I Pity the Fool?", "output": "\"I Pity the Fool\" is a soul blues song originally recorded by Bobby Bland in 1961 for his first Duke Records album, Two Steps from the Blues."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Spyros Vallas (; born 26 August 1981) is a Greek former professional footballer. Vallas, a defender, started his career at Skoda Xanthi, and transferred to Olympiacos in July 2003. He played for Larissa on loan for one season, 2006\u20132007. He returned to his first team, Skoda Xanthi, in July 2007. He was Young Player of the year in the 2002 season. On 26 September 2014, he announced his decision to retire from professional football. Vallas competed for the Greece Olympic team at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Honours Olympiacos Greek Super League: (2) : 2004\u201305, 2005\u201306 Greek Cup: (2) : 2004\u201305, 2005\u201306; Runner-up 2003\u201304 Larissa Greek Cup: (1) : 2006\u201307 References 1981 births Living people People from Elassona Greek men's footballers Greece men's international footballers Greece men's under-21 international footballers Olympic footballers for Greece Footballers at the 2004 Summer Olympics Olympiacos F.C. players Xanthi F.C. players Athlitiki Enosi Larissa F.C. players\n\nThe Western Infirmary was a teaching hospital situated in the West End of Glasgow, Scotland, that was managed by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde. It was opened in 1874 and closed in 2015. History After the University of Glasgow moved from the city centre to the West End in the 1870s, distancing itself from the Royal Infirmary, a new teaching hospital was commissioned for the new university site and opened in 1874. The Western Infirmary opened as a voluntary hospital relying upon donations and bequests from members of the public. By 1890 there had already been 877 operations performed in the hospital. Although the hospital initially had only 150 beds, by 1911 this had increased to over six hundred. In 1936 the decision was taken to establish a medical department. In 1930 a radiology department opened and, in 1936, a new ophthalmology department was officially opened, named the Tennent Memorial,\n\nAndersonstown is a suburb of west Belfast, Northern Ireland, at the foot of the Black Mountain and Divis Mountain. It contains a mixture of public and private housing and is largely a working-class area with a strong Irish nationalist and Irish Catholic tradition. The district is sometimes colloquially referred to as \"Andytown\". This area stretches between the Shaws Road, the Glen Road and the Andersonstown Road. History The area is in County Antrim. Historically, it was part of the Barony of Belfast Upper, the parish of Shankill and the townland of Ballydownfine (. The area was also known as Whitesidetown after the family that owned the land, but they were dispossessed for the support they gave to the Society of United Irishmen, resulting in a change of name. In 1832, it was described as a village consisting of eleven families, some of whom were named Anderson. These were likely to\n\nQuestion: Who was Spyros Vallas?", "output": "Spyros Vallas is a Greek former professional footballer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Shannon\u2013Weaver model is one of the first and most influential models of communication. It was initially published in the 1948 paper A Mathematical Theory of Communication and explains communication in terms of five basic components: a source, a transmitter, a channel, a receiver, and a destination. The source produces the original message. The transmitter translates the message into a signal, which is sent using a channel. The receiver translates the signal back into the original message and makes it available to the destination. For a landline phone call, the person calling is the source. They use the telephone as a transmitter, which produces an electric signal that is sent through the wire as a channel. The person receiving the call is the destination and their telephone is the receiver. Shannon and Weaver distinguish three types of problems of communication: technical, semantic, and effectiveness problems. They focus on the technical\n\nRobin McNamara (May 5, 1947 \u2013 October 21, 2021) was an American musician, singer and songwriter. McNamara was born in May 1947 in Newton, Massachusetts. In 1963, while in tenth grade, he formed a rock and roll group with a few school friends; they christened their band Robin and the Hoods, performing locally in the New England area with McNamara as the lead vocalist. In the late 1960s, McNamara relocated to New York City, where he became a cast member of the Broadway musical Hair, playing the lead role of Claude from 1969 to 71. In 1969, he was introduced to composer/record producer Jeff Barry, who signed him to his Steed record label. Together with McNamara's then songwriting partner Jim Cretecos, they wrote a song called \"Lay a Little Lovin' on Me\", which McNamara took to number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the summer of 1970 and\n\nStihl (, ) is a German manufacturer of chainsaws and other handheld power equipment including trimmers and blowers. Their headquarters are in Waiblingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, near Stuttgart, Germany. Stihl was founded in 1926 by Andreas Stihl, an innovator in early chain saw production. Stihl says it is the world's best-selling brand of chain saws and the only chain saw manufacturer to make its own saw chains and guide bars. Andreas Stihl AG is a privately held company owned by the descendants of Andreas Stihl. Stihl operates the Stihl Timbersports Series. Company history Andreas Stihl designed and hand built his first chainsaw in 1926. The saw was electrically powered, and weighed about . Stihl grew slowly initially, as the chainsaws came to the market about the same time as the Great Depression; with manpower cheap, and old two-man saws proven, there was no need for power saws. In 1930, Stihl created the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Stihl is.", "output": "Stihl is a German manufacturer of chainsaws and other handheld power equipment including trimmers and blowers."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Just Looking is a 1999 American comedy-drama film. Directed by Jason Alexander and written by Marshall Karp, it stars Ryan Merriman, Gretchen Mol, Peter Onorati, and Patti LuPone. The film's plot follows Lenny, a teenage boy from the Bronx who is sent to Queens to live with his aunt and new uncle for one summer in the 1950s. Hormonal and curious about sex, Lenny's goal for the summer is to \u201cwitness an act of love\u201d. The film premiered in October 1999 at the Hamptons International Film Festival and received a limited theatrical release in October 2000. Plot Lenny is a 14-year-old boy living in the Bronx in 1955. Like every teenage boy, he is totally fascinated with the concept of sex. But Lenny is too young and scared to actually \"do it\u201d, so he dedicates his summer vacation to the next best thing\u2014seeing two other people in an \u201cact of\n\nEvgenia Radanova (; born 4 November 1977) is a Bulgarian female short track speed skater and racing cyclist who has participated in both the Summer and Winter Olympics. She was the world record holder in the 500 m short track distance with 43.671s, which she set in Calgary, Canada on 19 October 2001. In the Salt Lake City 2002 Winter Olympic games she won a silver medal at the same distance and a bronze at 1500m. In Athens 2004 Summer games she took part in cycling, but did not get a medal. In the 2010 Vancouver Olympics in the women's 500 m she ended up 7th. Radanova currently trains in Italy, although most of her career she spent with Slavia Sofia Sports Club and the National Sports Academy in Sofia, Bulgaria. In the Academy she studied coaching. She weighs 65 kg and is 170 cm tall. Radanova has been severely\n\nHanka Paldum (born 28 April 1956) is a Bosnian sevdalinka singer and founder of the record label Sarajevo Disk. She is regarded as one of the best female sevdah performers of the 20th century and is popular in her home country of Bosnia as well as in the rest of the former Yugoslavia. Biography 1956\u201371: Early life and family Hanka Paldum was born in the eastern Bosnian town of \u010cajni\u010de to Muslim Bosniak parents Mujo and Pemba. Paldum has an older brother Mustafa and two sisters, Raza and Rasema. Her father was a logger and her mother wove carpets to provide additional financial assistance for the family, as her fathers salary was not enough to carry a family of seven. Hanka, the oldest female child, began helping her mother with housework at the age of five. When Paldum was seven years of age, her parents moved the family from \u010cajni\u010de\n\nQuestion: Who is Hanka Paldum?", "output": "Hanka Paldum is a Bosnian sevdalinka singer and founder of the record label Sarajevo Disk."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Current limiting is the practice of imposing a limit on the current that may be delivered to a load to protect the circuit generating or transmitting the current from harmful effects due to a short-circuit or overload. The term \"current limiting\" is also used to define a type of overcurrent protective device. According to the 2020 NEC/NFPA 70, a current-limiting overcurrent protective device is defined as, \"A device that, when interrupting currents in its current-limiting range, reduces the current flowing in the faulted circuit to a magnitude substantially less than that obtainable in the same circuit if the device were replaced with a solid conductor having compatible impedance.\" Inrush current limiting An inrush current limiter is a device or devices combination used to limit inrush current. Passive resistive components such as resistors (with power dissipation drawback), or negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors are simple options while the positive one (PTC)\n\nHospira was an American global pharmaceutical and medical device company with headquarters in Lake Forest, Illinois. It had approximately 19,000 employees. Before its acquisition by Pfizer, Hospira was the world's largest producer of generic injectable pharmaceuticals, manufacturing generic acute-care and oncology injectables, as well as integrated infusion therapy and medication management systems. Hospira's products are used by hospitals and alternate site providers, such as clinics, home healthcare providers and long-term care facilities. It was formerly the hospital products division of Abbott Laboratories. On September 3, 2015, Hospira was acquired by Pfizer, who subsequently sold off the medical devices portion of Hospira to ICU Medical. Worldwide sales in 2014 were approximately $4.5 billion. Current results are now part of Pfizer's consolidated statements. History In January 2004, Abbott announced it was spinning off its hospital products division. Hospira's name was picked by employee vote. The name is derived from the words \"hospital,\"\n\nThe Iloilo River is an estuary river located in the province of Iloilo, in Western Visayas, Philippines. The river starts in Oton at the Batiano estuary, then traverses through the Iloilo City districts of Lapuz, La Paz, Mandurriao, Molo, Arevalo and the City Proper, before emptying into the Iloilo Strait. As an estuary, the river level fluctuates with the tides. This flow brings in nutrients from the sea, which makes the Iloilo River a nursery for fish species such as bangus and tilapia. The banks of the river are home to 22 of the country's 35 mangrove species, as well as the rare metapenaeus insolitus. Wharf Iloilo River wharf, including Muelle Loney in the Iloilo City Proper, is a natural harbor which made it a preferred port of call for ships seeking protection from strong winds and tropical monsoons. It serves as port for inter island ferries that travel from\n\nQuestion: What's Iloilo River?", "output": "The Iloilo River is an estuary river located in the province of Iloilo, in Western Visayas, Philippines."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nature writing is nonfiction or fiction prose or poetry about the natural environment. Nature writing encompasses a wide variety of works, ranging from those that place primary emphasis on natural history facts (such as field guides) to those in which philosophical interpretation predominate. It includes natural history essays, poetry, essays of solitude or escape, as well as travel and adventure writing. Nature writing often draws heavily on scientific information and facts about the natural world; at the same time, it is frequently written in the first person and incorporates personal observations of and philosophical reflections upon nature. Modern nature writing traces its roots to the works of natural history that were popular in the second half of the 18th century and throughout the 19th. An important early figure was the \"parson-naturalist\" Gilbert White (1720\u20131793), a pioneering English naturalist and ornithologist. He is best known for his Natural History and Antiquities\n\nBrivudine (trade names Zostex, Mevir, Brivir, among others) is an antiviral drug used in the treatment of herpes zoster (\"shingles\"). Like other antivirals, it acts by inhibiting replication of the target virus. Medical uses Brivudine is used for the treatment of herpes zoster in adult patients. It is taken orally once daily, in contrast to aciclovir, valaciclovir and other antivirals. A study has found that it is more effective than aciclovir, but this has been disputed because of a possible conflict of interest on part of the study authors. Contraindications The drug is contraindicated in patients undergoing immunosuppression (for example because of an organ transplant) or cancer therapy, especially with fluorouracil (5-FU) and chemically related (pro)drugs such as capecitabine and tegafur, as well as the antimycotic drug flucytosine, which is also related to 5-FU. It has not been proven to be safe in children and pregnant or breastfeeding women. Adverse\n\nThe Scottish Book () was a thick notebook used by mathematicians of the Lw\u00f3w School of Mathematics in Poland for jotting down problems meant to be solved. The notebook was named after the \"Scottish Caf\u00e9\" where it was kept. Originally, the mathematicians who gathered at the cafe would write down the problems and equations directly on the cafe's marble table tops, but these would be erased at the end of each day, and so the record of the preceding discussions would be lost. The idea for the book was most likely originally suggested by Stefan Banach's wife, \u0141ucja Banach. Stefan or \u0141ucja Banach purchased a large notebook and left it with the proprietor of the cafe. History The Scottish Caf\u00e9 () was the caf\u00e9 in Lw\u00f3w (now Lviv, Ukraine) where, in the 1930s and 1940s, mathematicians from the Lw\u00f3w School collaboratively discussed research problems, particularly in functional analysis and topology.\n\nQuestion: What is Brivudine", "output": "Brivudine is an antiviral drug used in the treatment of herpes zoster."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Olympic Football Club is a semi-professional soccer club based in Brisbane, Queensland. The club was founded in 1967 and currently competes in the National Premier Leagues Queensland, with home matches played at Goodwin Park. The club has grown tremendously in the past 15 years growing from 190 registered players to over 855 players. History Olympic FC was founded in 1967 by Greek immigrants, under the name Pan Rhodian Soccer Club, affiliated with Queensland Soccer Association. The following year the club joined the Queensland Soccer Federation, changing its name to Brisbane Olympic United as a condition of joining the federation. The club colours were originally blue and white until changing to red and white in the late 2000s. In 2008, the club again changed its name to Olympic FC upon joining the Queensland State League (QSL). After playing in the QSL in 2008 and 2009, the club elected to play in\n\nKarel \u010curda (10 October 1911 in Star\u00e1 Hl\u00edna, today part of T\u0159ebo\u0148 \u2013 29 April 1947 in Prague) was a Czech Nazi collaborator during World War II. Wartime activities A soldier of the Czechoslovak army in exile, \u010curda was parachuted into the protectorate in 1942 as a member of the sabotage group Out Distance. Later that year, he betrayed the Czechoslovak army agents responsible for the assassination of top Nazi official Reinhard Heydrich in Prague. His reward was 10,000,000 Kronen or 1 million Reichsmarks and a new identity, \"Karl Jerhot\". He married a German woman and spent the rest of the war as a Gestapo collaborator. Execution After the war, \u010curda was tracked down and arrested. When asked in court how he could betray his comrades, \u010curda reportedly answered, \"I think you would have done the same for 1 million marks.\" \u010curda was found guilty of treason and hanged on\n\nShaun Palmer (born November 14, 1968) is an American professional snowboarder, skier, mountain biker, and motocross rider. Nicknamed \"Napalm\" and \"Palm Daddy\", he is known as one of the forefathers of extreme sports. Early life Palmer was born in South Lake Tahoe on November 14, 1968. From a young age, he maintained a strong interest in all things fast. His mother told People Magazine in 1999, \"Whether it was on wheels or on a board, it had to be superfast\u2014he had no fear. I remember once when he was 13, I had grounded him. Well, he jumped out of his second-floor bedroom window, got on his bike and took off. He was like that\u2014always pushing the limits.\" While Palmer showed potential in both skiing and baseball, Shaun grew enamored with the still-infant sport of snowboarding. At the age of 12, he built his own snowboard. Snowboarding career Palmer taught himself\n\nQuestion: What's Karel \u010curda?", "output": "Karel \u010curda was a Czech Nazi collaborator during World War II."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Santa Terezinha de Goi\u00e1s is a municipality in north Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. Santa Terezinha is sometimes written as \"Santa Teresinha\". Location Santa Terezinha is in the extreme north of the state, 174 km. southwest of Porangatu. It is 66 km. west of the important BR-153 highway. Highway connections from Goi\u00e2nia are made by GO-080 / Ner\u00f3polis / S\u00e3o Francisco de Goi\u00e1s / BR-153 / Jaragu\u00e1 / Rian\u00e1polis / Rialma / GO-336 / Itapaci / GO-154 / Pilar de Goi\u00e1s. Santa Terezinha de Goi\u00e1s is bordered by the following municipalities: north: Campos Verdes de Goi\u00e1s and Mara Rosa south: Guarinos east: Urua\u00e7u west: Crix\u00e1s Political information Mayor: Vitalino da Silva Muniz (January 2005) City council: 09 Eligible voters: 8,998 (December/2007) Demographics Population density: 9.61 inhabitants/km2 (2007) Urban population: 8,673 (2007) Rural population: 2,885 (2007) Population change: 1.37% 1996/2007 The economy The economy is based on modest agriculture, cattle raising, services, public\n\nMark Eitzel (born January 30, 1959) is an American musician, best known as a songwriter and lead singer of the San Francisco band American Music Club. Biography Eitzel spent his formative years in a military family living in Okinawa, Taiwan, Ohio and the United Kingdom. He moved to America in 1979, and came out as gay in 1985. He started making music while he was a teenager in Southampton, England. His first band was a punk band called the Cowboys when he moved to Columbus, Ohio, at 19. They released one single in 1980. His second band was called The Naked Skinnies and they released one single in 1981. He moved to San Francisco with The Naked Skinnies in 1981 where they disbanded in 1982. Eitzel formed American Music Club (AMC) in San Francisco in 1982. The band performed and created albums for twelve years. At one point, Eitzel also\n\nModel warship combat is an international club activity, in which participants construct radio-controlled scale models of actual warships, most commonly those built by various nations prior to 1946, such as the , , or the . The models are armed with pneumatic cannons, and fight against one another on ponds and lakes. Model warship combat is sometimes considered to be a form of Naval Wargaming, but can also be considered a water-based version of Robot Combat, since much of the internal systems and concepts are the same as radio control electronics, and in some cases possess similar pneumatic systems. The sport is predominantly divided into 'Big Gun' and 'Fast Gun' (or 'Small Gun') clubs. Both 'Big Gun' and 'Fast Gun' formats host annual national/international inter-club events. There is one major 'Fast Gun' club, the International Radio Control Warship Combat Club (IRCWCC). As of January 2015, the other major club, Model\n\nQuestion: What is Santa Terezinha de Goi\u00e1s", "output": "Santa Terezinha de Goi\u00e1s is a municipality in north Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Snakes are a common occurrence in myths for a multitude of cultures. The Hopi people of North America viewed snakes as symbols of healing, transformation, and fertility. In other cultures snakes symbolized the umbilical cord, joining all humans to Mother Earth. The Great Goddess often had snakes as her familiars\u2014sometimes twining around her sacred staff, as in ancient Crete\u2014and they were worshipped as guardians of her mysteries of birth and regeneration. Although not entirely a snake, the plumed serpent, Quetzalcoatl, in Mesoamerican culture, particularly Mayan and Aztec, held a multitude of roles as a deity. He was viewed as a twin entity which embodied that of god and man and equally man and serpent, yet was closely associated with fertility. In ancient Aztec mythology, Quetzalcoatl was the son of the fertility earth goddess, Cihuacoatl, and cloud serpent and hunting god, Maxicoat. His roles took the form of everything from bringer\n\nChausa is a village and corresponding community development block in Buxar district, Bihar, India. It is located 11 km west of the district headquarters, Buxar, on the bank of the river Ganga. As of 2011, the population of the village of Chausa was 9,011, in 1,362 households, while the total block population was 103,670, in 15,817 households. The area is famous as the site of the Battle of Chausa, in which the forces of Sher Shah Suri defeated Mughal emperor Humayun's army in 1539. It was also the site of discovery of the Chausa hoard, a set of 18 ancient Jain bronzes. According to the old records of Chausa we get to know that Chausa was established by Sakarwar Rajput of Kamsar region who adopted Islam in 1500ADs. Battle of Chausa The Battle of Chausa (25 June 1539) took place between Mughal Emperor Humayun and Sher Shah Suri (Sher Khan).\n\nAbel Janszoon Tasman (; 160310 October 1659) was a Dutch seafarer and explorer, best known for his voyages of 1642 and 1644 in the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). Born in 1603 in Lutjegast, Netherlands, Tasman started his career as a merchant seaman and became a skilled navigator. In 1633, he joined the VOC and sailed to Batavia, now Jakarta, Indonesia. He participated in several voyages, including one to Japan. In 1642, Tasman was appointed by the VOC to lead an expedition to explore the uncharted regions of the Southern Pacific Ocean. His mission was to discover new trade routes and to establish trade relations with the native inhabitants. After leaving Batavia, Tasman sailed eastward and reached the coast of Tasmania, which he named Van Diemen's Land after his patron. He then sailed north and discovered the west coast of New Zealand, which he named Staten Landt,\n\nQuestion: What is Snakes in mythology?", "output": "Snakes are a common occurrence in myths for a multitude of cultures."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Andr\u00e9 Pijet is a Polish-Canadian editorial cartoonist whose satirical and humorous works have been published in Poland, Greece, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Turkey, the United States and Canada. In Quebec, he made a name for himself with a series of cartoons related to the 1992-93 hockey playoffs which he produced for a major Montreal daily newspaper. Biography Pijet settled in Montreal, Quebec, in 1988. In his native Poland, his training in fine arts and photography, along with his innate talent for drawing, led very early to a career as an illustrator, caricaturist, cartoonist and painter. He received his bachelor's degree with a major in painting and drawing and minor in art history, and master's degree in art education from University Concordia. As a freelance artist, he works regularly with major advertising agencies and publishing companies. He is well known for his book illustrations and for his work as a\n\nRandwick District Rugby Union Football Club, also known as the Galloping Greens, is an Australian rugby union club which competes in the Sydney premier grade rugby union competition. The club was formed in 1882 and since then has won 32 first grade premierships and six Australian club championships. It is one of the traditional powerhouses of the Shute Shield competition, winning 14 titles from 1978 to 1996. Randwick's colours are myrtle green and the club's home ground is Coogee Oval. In the 1980s the club produced many Wallabies, including the Ella brothers. Its history has seen many of Australia's best players represent the club, including the likes of George Gregan and David Campese. In all, 93 Randwick players have pulled on a Wallaby jersey, and nine have had the honour of captaining their country. Club information Club Name: Randwick District Rugby Union Football Club Nickname: Galloping Greens, Wicks Founded: 1882\n\nis a Japanese retail corporation that operates a chain of used good stores. Founded as a used bookstore specializing in manga in 1980, Mandarake incorporated in 1987 and currently operates 11 retail locations and one fulfillment center. The company focuses on the purchase and sale of a wide range of collectables and otaku-related goods, including anime- and manga-related items, DVDs, CDs, toys, figurines, trading cards, video games, cosplay items, animation cels, and d\u014djinshi (self-published works). Overview History Mandarake was established by manga artist . A member of the Garo Trio (\u30ac\u30ed\u4e09\u7fbd\u70cf) along with and , Furukawa and the group became known in the 1970s for their work in the alternative manga magazine Garo. Initially established as a used manga store, Mandarake opened its first location at a seven-square meter storefront in the Nakano Broadway shopping complex in Nakano, Tokyo in 1980. Furukawa developed a public profile and promoted Mandarake through\n\nQuestion: Define Randwick DRUFC.", "output": "Randwick District Rugby Union Football Club, also known as the Galloping Greens, is an Australian rugby union club which competes in the Sydney premier grade rugby union competition."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Osmani Urrutia Ram\u00edrez (also spelled Osmany) (born June 29, 1976 in Jobabo, Las Tunas Province, Cuba) is a Cuban baseball player. He plays right field for the Las Tunas Magos of the Cuban National Series and for the Cuba national baseball team. Career in Cuba Playing for Las Tunas, Urrutia hit over .400 in the Cuban National Series for three straight years, beginning in 2000 (.431 in 2000-2001, .408 in 2001-2002 and .421 in 2002-2003). International experience Urrutia, who is 1.78m (5'10\") and 104 kg (229 pounds), has competed in many international tournaments for Cuba, including: 2001 World Championship (Taiwan) 2000 and 2001 World Cup of Baseball in the Netherlands 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic 2003 World Cup of Baseball (Cuba) 2004 Athens Olympics 2006 World Baseball Classic During the 2005 World Cup of Baseball, Urrutia hit for a .387 average with five runs batted in\n\nJeffrey Clark Lagarias (born November 16, 1949 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States) is a mathematician and professor at the University of Michigan. Education While in high school in 1966, Lagarias studied astronomy at the Summer Science Program. He completed an S.B. and S.M. in Mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1972. The title of his thesis was \"Evaluation of certain character sums\". He was a Putnam Fellow at MIT in 1970. He received his Ph.D. in Mathematics from MIT for his thesis \"The 4-part of the class group of a quadratic field\", in 1974. His advisor for both his masters and Ph.D was Harold Stark. Career In 1975, he joined AT&T Bell Laboratories and eventually became Distinguished Member of Technical Staff. Since 1995, he has been a Technology Consultant at AT&T Research Laboratories. In 2002, he moved to Michigan to work at the University and settle down with\n\nToonattik was the flagship children's strand of the British breakfast television station, GMTV (known on-air as CITV at weekends), which ran from 5 February 2005 to 26 December 2010. The strand aired on weekend mornings from 07:25 (sometimes at 07:20) until GMTV's closedown at 09:25, featuring a selection of both British and imported cartoons, mainly from brands such as Disney, Nickelodeon and Cartoon Network. It was presented by Jamie Rickers and Anna Williamson before being out-vision from 15 May to 26 December 2010. History Toonattik launched on 5 February 2005 as the new children's weekend morning slot on GMTV, featuring a mix of imported cartoons for ages 4\u201312. The slot was originally split into two, with the first half featuring pre-school programming with out-of-vision continuity, and the second half featuring shows for older children, which featured in-vision continuity links provided by Jamie Rickers and Anna Williamson. Initially the show relied\n\nQuestion: What's Toonattik?", "output": "Toonattik was the flagship children's strand of the British breakfast television station, GMTV, which ran from 5 February 2005 to 26 December 2010."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nathan Nurgitz (June 22, 1934 \u2013 October 19, 2019) was a Canadian lawyer, judge, and Senator. Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, his parents, Hymie and Dora, had come to Manitoba in the early 1900s as refugees from tsarist Russia. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1954 and a Bachelor of Law degree in 1958 from the University of Manitoba and had taken attended a Harvard course on mediation. He was created a Queen's Counsel in 1977. From 1968 to 1975, he sat as a Magistrate in the city of West Kildonan. He was elected a Bencher of the Law Society of Manitoba in 1978, and re-elected in 1980. From 1963 to 1969, he was an alderman of the City of West Kildonan, which is now a suburb of Winnipeg. From 1970 to 1971, he was the National Vice-President and President of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. In 1979,\n\nWambule (; ) is a Kiranti language language spoken by the Wambule Rai, one of the Rai groups belonging to the Kiranti (\u0915\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0940) ethnolinguistic family of eastern Nepal. Wambule is spoken by more than 5000 people living around the confluence of the Sunkosi (\u0938\u0941\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0938\u0940) and Dudhkosi (\u0926\u0942\u0927\u0915\u094b\u0938\u0940) rivers near Kui-Bhir Hill. The Wambule-speaking area comprises the southernmost part of Okhaldhunga district, the westernmost part of Khotang district, the northernmost part of Udayapur district, and the northeasternmost part of Sindhuli district. Names Ethnologue records numerous other names that are used for this language. They include Umbule (\u0909\u0901\u092c\u0941\u0932\u0947), Ambule, Awambule (\u0905\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0941\u0932\u0947), Caurasia, Chaurasia, Chaurasya, Chourase, Chourasia, Ombule, Radu Yor./Ayor, Tsaurasya, Umbule, Vambucauras Raduyor/Raduayor, Vambule, Vambule Radu Yor/Ayor, and Vambule Yor/Ayor. The Wambule use several native and Nepali names to designate their language, such as 'V\u0101mbucaur\u0101s R\u0101\u1e0duyor', 'Caur\u0101si\u0101', 'Ombule', 'Umbule' and 'V\u0101mbule'. The language most closely related to Wambule is the western neighbour\n\nChristopher Columbus (; between 25 August and 31 October 1451 \u2013 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and European colonization of the Americas. His expeditions were the first known European contact with the Caribbean and Central and South America. The name Christopher Columbus is the anglicisation of the Latin . Growing up on the coast of Liguria, he went to sea at a young age and travelled widely, as far north as the British Isles and as far south as what is now Ghana. He married Portuguese noblewoman Filipa Moniz Perestrelo, who bore a son Diego, and was based in Lisbon for several years. He later took a Castilian mistress, Beatriz Enr\u00edquez de Arana, who bore a son, Ferdinand. Largely\n\nQuestion: What is Nathan Nurgitz?", "output": "Nathan Nurgitz was a Canadian lawyer, judge, and Senator."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Java Model Railroad Interface (JMRI) is an open source program for model railroad hobbyists, released under GNU General Public License v2. It allows users to control LED lights, horn, or switch the railway of hobbyist open-source or commercials closed-sourced trains. JMRI is a suite of tools distributed via a single download. The two most popular tools are DecoderPro for programming Digital Command Control (DCC) decoders, and PanelPro for controlling layouts. Starting in 2005. JMRI's project administrator, Bob Jacobsen, was involved in a legal dispute with Matt Katzer in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. Significantly, the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled that infringing on the copyright of open source-software by violating its license terms could result in monetary damages. The case was settled in early 2010. See also Jacobsen v. Katzer References FLOSS Weekly 117: Bob Jacobsen for JMRI.org., at\n\nThe Toledo, Port Clinton and Lakeside Railway was an interurban electrified railway system serving northwestern Ohio's Marblehead Peninsula. It was incorporated in 1902, began operating in 1905 and only ceased operations in 1958, much later than most other interurbans. It originally linked Genoa with the resort town of Port Clinton, a distance of 23 miles, and was then extended to Marblehead from Port Clinton, a further 12 miles. Originally, the railway's cars entered Toledo over the Lake Shore Electric Railway's tracks from an interchange at Genoa, but in 1906 the TPC&L constructed its own line into Toledo, connecting with the city's streetcar system at Starr Avenue. The TPC&L ran over streetcar tracks to Toledo's business district. A further three-mile extension to the pier at Bay Point in 1911 gave a ferry connection to Sandusky. Financing and Construction The company was founded and initially financed by a group of successful Toledo,\n\nAlain Colm Pierre Rolland (born 22 August 1966) is a former Ireland rugby union international and rugby union referee. He also played for Leinster. He refereed the final of the 2007 Rugby World Cup, and was an assistant referee in the final of the 2011 Rugby World Cup. In September 2013 he announced his intention to retire from refereeing at the end of the 2013/14 season. Playing career During his playing days as a scrum-half, Rolland earned three caps for . He started the match on 27 October 1990 against , and gained further caps as a replacement against in 1994 and the USA in 1995. He won 40 caps for Leinster, and played club rugby for Blackrock College. He also played 11 times for English club Moseley during the 1996/97 season. Refereeing career Rolland retired as a player at the start of the professional era and began refereeing, with\n\nQuestion: What is Toledo, Port Clinton and Lakeside Railway", "output": "The Toledo, Port Clinton and Lakeside Railway was an interurban electrified railway system serving northwestern Ohio's Marblehead Peninsula."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ceratomia undulosa, the waved sphinx, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1856. Also known as the \"Scorpion Moth\" (See \"Biology\" Below\"). Distribution It is found in the United States, and southern Canada, east of the Rocky Mountains. Adult moths are strictly nocturnal, hiding away as dawn approaches (Fullard & Napoleone 2001). Description Biology Recorded food plants of the larvae include ash (Fraxinus), privet (Ligustrum), oak (Quercus), hawthorn (Crataegus) and fringe tree (Chionanthus virginicus). When ready, larvae dig underground to pupate. The most common predator is the Guiana Striped Scorpion, which feasts on the moth's egg clusters. The common proximity of the two species, sometimes showing up as the moth lays her eggs, has resulted in erroneous conclusions that the moths give birth to the scorpions, and the resultant name \"Scorpion Moth.\" Subspecies Ceratomia undulosa undulosa (from Prince Edward Island and\n\nA laurel wreath is a round wreath made of connected branches and leaves of the bay laurel (), an aromatic broadleaf evergreen, or later from spineless butcher's broom (Ruscus hypoglossum) or cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus). It is a symbol of triumph and is worn as a chaplet around the head, or as a garland around the neck. Wreaths and crowns in antiquity, including the laurel wreath, trace back to Ancient Greece. In Greek mythology, the god Apollo, who is patron of lyrical poetry, musical performance and skill-based athletics, is conventionally depicted wearing a laurel wreath on his head in all three roles. Wreaths were awarded to victors in athletic competitions, including the ancient Olympics; for victors in athletics they were made of wild olive tree known as \"kotinos\" (), (sc. at Olympia) \u2013 and the same for winners of musical and poetic competitions. In Rome they were symbols of martial\n\nDonald Carl Breaux (born August 3, 1940) is a former American football player and coach. He played college football at McNeese State College and in the American Football League (AFL). He served two stints as an assistant coach under head coach Joe Gibbs with the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). Playing career Breaux attended McNeese State University and was a standout quarterback. He led the team in passing all four years from 1958 to 1961, was a three time All-Gulf States Conference selection, led the league in total offense in 1960, and was the team's MVP in 1961 when they won the conference championship. In four seasons, he compiled 159 completions on 304 attempts for 2,279 yards and 17 touchdowns. He was inducted into the McNeese State Hall of Fame in 1984. He played professionally in the AFL for the Denver Broncos in 1963, where he was\n\nQuestion: Define Ceratomia undulosa.", "output": "Ceratomia undulosa, the waved sphinx, is a moth of the family Sphingidae."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Halls Head is a coastal suburb (locality) of Mandurah, immediately west of Mandurah's central area. It is largely residential and contains several canal estates developed since the 1980s. Geography Halls Head is one of four Mandurah suburbs (along with Erskine, Falcon and Wannanup) that lie on an island bound by the Mandurah Estuary to the north, the Peel-Harvey Estuary to the east, the Dawesville Channel to the south and the Indian Ocean to the west. Halls Head is the northernmost and most-populated of the four. The main roads include Mary Street, which links Halls Head directly to Mandurah CBD and Pinjarra Road. The other access road is the Old Coast Road, part of the national Highway 1 which links not only to Mandurah but also Perth and Bunbury. This road also acts as the eastern boundary, with Erskine on the opposite side of the road. Peelwood Parade and McLarty Road\n\nFrogner Park () is a public park in the central West End borough of Frogner in Oslo, Norway. The park is historically part of Frogner Manor and is Oslo's largest park, open to the public at all times. It includes the manor house which is the seat of Oslo Museum, the nearby Henriette Wegner Pavilion, the Vigeland installation of sculptures () created by sculptor Gustav Vigeland, Frogner Baths, Frogner stadion, Frognerparken Caf\u00e9, the restaurant Herreg\u00e5rdskroen and the largest collection of roses in the country with 14,000 plants of 150 species. Frogner Park is the most visited tourist attraction in Norway. Frogner Manor was historically one of the largest estates in the modern Oslo area. Both the park, the entire borough of Frogner as well as Frognerseteren derive their names from Frogner Manor. The manor house is located in the south of the park, and houses Oslo Museum, which opened there\n\nCounty Kildare in the province of Leinster, Ireland, was first defined as a diocese in 1111, shired in 1297 and assumed its present borders in 1836. Its location in the Liffey basin on the main routes from Dublin to the south and west meant it was a valuable possession and important theatre of events throughout Irish history. Ancient history An inland town on Ptolemy's map of Ireland of 100 AD may be Rheban on the Barrow river, the only written records from pre-Christian County Kildare. The estimated date for the abandonment of the sacred pre-Christian site of Knockaulin/ D\u00fan \u00c1ilinne is 400 AD, the traditional date for foundation of the monastery at Cill Dara is 490 AD, the date for the death of first Bishop Conlaed ua hEimri, (St Conleth) is 520 AD and the estimated date for the death of foundress St Brigid (Irish: Naomh Br\u00edd), is 524 AD\n\nQuestion: Define Halls Head, Western Australia.", "output": "Halls Head is a coastal suburb of Mandurah, immediately west of Mandurah's central area."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Central Australian Football League (CAFL) is an Australian rules football competition operating out of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory, Australia. Established in 1947, the CAFL is the oldest, most popular and important football league in Central Australia. It is notable for producing VFL/AFL players such as Darryl White, Joel Bowden and Liam Jurrah. The home of the CAFL is Traeger Park. The CAFL organises the annual Ngurratjuta Town Vs Country Challenge event and local Rec Footy competitions. Current clubs Premier Division Community League Premiers List of premiers for the CAFL Premier division. 1947 Pioneer 1948 Pioneer 1949 Pioneer 1950 Federal 1951 Pioneer 1952 Rovers 1953 Pioneer 1954 Rovers 1955 Federal 1956 Pioneer 1957 Pioneer 1958 Federal 1959 Federal 1960 Federal 1961 Federal 1962 Federal 1963 Federal 1964 Rovers 1965 Pioneer 1966 Pioneer 1967 Pioneer 1968 Pioneer 1969 Pioneer 1970 Rovers 1971 Pioneer 1972 Pioneer 1973 Rovers 1974 Federal\n\nThe GM New Look bus is a municipal transit bus that was introduced in 1959 by the Truck and Coach Division of General Motors to replace the company's previous coach, retroactively known as the GM \"old-look\" transit bus. Also commonly known by the nickname \"Fishbowl\" (for its original six-piece rounded windshield, later replaced by a two-piece curved pane), it was produced until 1977 in the US, and until 1985 in Canada. More than 44,000 New Look buses were built. Its high production figures and long service career made it an iconic North American transit bus. The design is listed as by Roland E. Gegoux and William P. Strong. Production overview 44,484 New Look buses were built over the production lifespan, of which 33,413 were built in the U.S. and 11,071 were built in Canada (GM Diesel Division). Separated by general type, the production figures comprised 510 city buses (all U.S.-built);\n\nCribb Island was a former suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, which is now part of the site of Brisbane Airport and part of the suburb of Brisbane Airport. The suburb was the childhood home of the Gibb brothers, who later became famous as the Bee Gees. Geography \"Cribbie\", as it was known by the locals, consisted of two areas which were made up of Cribb Island which had a beach facing Moreton Bay and was used mostly by holiday makers and Jackson's Estate to the south-west of the beach used for farming and permanent residents. The entire area of Cribb Island which was about long and 400 metres wide was built essentially on a mud flat that faced Moreton Bay. It was not a true island, but in an area surrounded by creeks, tidal flats and mud flats. In the 1970s, the land was resumed by the Australian Government to\n\nQuestion: What is GM New Look bus", "output": "The GM New Look bus is a municipal transit bus that was introduced in 1959 by the Truck and Coach Division of General Motors to replace the company's previous coach, retroactively known as the GM \"old-look\" transit bus."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sir Frank Trevor Roger Bigham, KBE, CB (22 May 1876 \u2013 23 November 1954) was an English barrister, an Assistant Commissioner of the London Metropolitan Police from 1914 to 1931, and Deputy Commissioner from 1931 to 1935. He was the first officer to hold the position of Deputy Commissioner as a separate rank and not as an honorary title while also serving as an Assistant Commissioner. Early life and education Trevor Bigham was the third son (although the second surviving) of the judge, John Charles Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey, and was entitled to the style \"The Honourable\" after 1910 due to his father's peerage. He was a King's Scholar at Eton College from 1890 to 1895, and then went up to Magdalen College, Oxford. He took a second in Mods in 1895 and a first in Literae Humaniores in 1899. In 1901, he was called to the Bar by the\n\nThe Brazilian Athletics Confederation (CBAt; Confedera\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Atletismo) is the governing body for the sport of athletics in Brazil. President for the period 2013-2016 is Jos\u00e9 Antonio Martins Fernandes. History CBAt was founded on December 2, 1977. It replaced the Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Sportes Atleticos, which was founded in 1914. Former president until 2013 was Roberto Gesta de Melo. Affiliations CBAt is the national member federation for Brazil in the following international organisations: World Athletics Confederaci\u00f3n Sudamericana de Atletismo (CONSUDATLE; South American Athletics Confederation) Association of Panamerican Athletics (APA) Asociaci\u00f3n Iberoamericana de Atletismo (AIA; Ibero-American Athletics Association) Moreover, it is part of the following national organisations: Brazilian Olympic Committee Member federations CBAt comprises the athletics federations of the Brazilian federal states. Kit suppliers Brazil's kits are currently supplied by Nike. National records CBAt maintains the Brazilian records in athletics References External links Athletics Brazil National governing bodies for athletics\n\nIain Borden (born in Oxford in 1962) is an English architectural historian and urban commentator. Career Educated at Magdalen College School, Oxford (MCS), Iain Borden graduated from University of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1985, and went on to complete master's degrees at UCL and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and a PhD at UCL. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects, and a Principal Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. His historical and theoretical interests have led to publications on, among other subjects: critical theory and architectural historical methodology (InterSections: Architectural Histories and Critical Theories, (Routledge, 2000)), the history of skateboarding as an urban practice (Skateboarding and the City: a Complete History, (Bloomsbury, 2019)), boundaries and surveillance, theorists Henri Lefebvre and Georg Simmel, film and architecture, gender and architecture, body spaces and the experience of city spaces (The Unknown City: Contesting Architecture and Social\n\nQuestion: Who is Trevor Bigham?", "output": "Sir Frank Trevor Roger Bigham, KBE, CB was an English barrister, an Assistant Commissioner of the London Metropolitan Police from 1914 to 1931, and Deputy Commissioner from 1931 to 1935."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Simon Kelner (born 9 December 1957) is a British journalist and newspaper editor. Kelner studied at Bury Grammar School. His older brother is the journalist and broadcaster Martin Kelner. He is Jewish. He started work at Neath Guardian in 1976. In 1980 he moved on to the Kent Evening Post. He became assistant sports editor of The Observer in 1983. He became deputy sports editor of The Independent in 1986. In 1989 he worked on the Observer magazine and then became Daily Mail magazine editor. Kelner was editor-in-chief of The Independent and Independent on Sunday newspapers from May 1998 to 2008, succeeding Andrew Marr and Rosie Boycott. After a stint as Managing Director of The Independent titles he was re-appointed editor in April 2010 by the new owner, Alexander Lebedev. Kelner won several awards during his employment at The Independent, including Editor of the Year in 2004 and 2010. References\n\nThe Fantom-X (Xa/X6/X7/X8/XR) is a music workstation/synthesizer produced by Roland Corporation. It was introduced in 2004 as an upgrade from the Fantom S series. The Fantom-X competes with the Korg Triton/Triton Extreme, the Yamaha Motif ES and other similar large-scope keyboards such as the discontinued Alesis Fusion. In 2008 it was succeeded by the Fantom-G*, which was devised to compete with the new Korg and Yamaha flagship keyboards. Features The Roland Fantom-X features a 128-voice PCM-based synthesizer, a 16-track MRC-Pro sequencer, 6 effects processors, dynamic pads and infrared D-Beam, a stereo sampler and full on-screen editing. The Fantom X received an audio recorder upgrade with version 2.00 that allows for 8 stereo audio tracks integrated with the internal MIDI sequencer. The Fantom X6 - 61-key version with aftertouch The Fantom X7 - 76-key version with aftertouch The Fantom X8 - 88-key fully weighted piano keyboard The Fantom XR - (rackmount\n\nMarathon mountain bike races, often referred to as cross-country marathon (XCM), are a very demanding form of mountain bike racing covering at least usually in mountainous terrain. Events held in Europe are typically just a little longer than the average cross country mountain bike race. Marathon events in the USA and Canada are typically longer than and are very different from cross country races. UCI events The UCI has established a championship series for such events, the Marathon World Cup. The 2014 UCI rules limit events to distances between and . Almost all of the participants are elite professional mountain bike racers. There is an annual world championship event, the UCI Mountain Bike Marathon World Championships. The races can be run over as a single or multi-lap course, however, the course cannot cover the same lap more than three times. Non-UCI events Non-UCI events routinely cover much longer distances. The\n\nQuestion: What's Marathon mountain bike race?", "output": "Marathon mountain bike races, often referred to as cross-country marathon, are a very demanding form of mountain bike racing covering at least  usually in mountainous terrain."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jessica Lal (5 January 1965 \u2013 30 April 1999) was a model in New Delhi who was working as a celebrity barmaid at a crowded socialite party when she was shot dead at around 2:00 am on 30 April 1999. Dozens of witnesses pointed to Siddharth Vashisht, also known as Manu Sharma, the son of Venod Sharma, a wealthy and influential Member of Parliament from Haryana, as the murderer. Manu Sharma was later convicted for the murder and sentenced to life. In the first trial, Manu Sharma was acquitted, leading to a huge uproar in the country, despite strong circumstantial evidence to convict the accused, questioning the acquittal, claiming it was not based on merit. Following intense media and public pressure, the prosecution appealed and the Delhi High Court conducted proceedings on a fast track with daily hearings conducted over 25 days. The trial court judgment was overturned, and Manu\n\nEmir Majid Toufic Arslan () (February 1908 \u2014 September 18, 1983) was a Lebanese Druze leader and head of the Arslan feudal Druze ruling family. Arslan was the leader of the Yazbaki (Arslan affiliations) faction. Majid Arslan was a national political figure with a role in Lebanon's independence, a long-running Member of the Lebanese Parliament and a government minister for many times with a number of important ministerial portfolios, most notably Defense, Health, Telecommunications, Agriculture and Justice. Personal life Arslan was the son of Emir Toufic Arslan who helped found Greater Lebanon in 1920. He had three brothers (Nouhad, Riad, Melhem) and a sister (Zahia). Emir Majid studied at the famous French school, Mission La\u00efque Fran\u00e7aise. In 1932, he married his cousin, Emira Lamiss Shehab. They had him two sons: Emir Toufic (1935\u20132003) and Emir Faysal (1941\u20132009). In 1956, after his first wife\u2019s death, Emir Majid remarried Khawla Jumblatt. They\n\nWilliam Hirstein is an American philosopher primarily interested in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, metaphysics, cognitive science, and analytic philosophy. He is a professor of philosophy at Elmhurst University. Training William Hirstein received his Ph.D. in philosophy at the University of California, Davis under the direction of Richard Wollheim. He then did post-doctoral work under the supervision of Patricia Churchland and Vilayanur S. Ramachandran at the University of California, San Diego, exploring neurological syndromes that lead to confabulation, such as in split-brain patients, and patients with anosognosia or Capgras delusion. Theory of confabulation Hirstein draws heavily on the interaction between his philosophical training and his clinical experience in his 2005 book Brain Fiction to develop a comprehensive epistemic theory of the neural basis of confabulation, and argues that prefrontal executive processes fail to correct false memories or perceptions, resulting in a confabulation. Thus confabulation is a result of two\n\nQuestion: What's Majid Arslan?", "output": "Emir Majid Toufic Arslan was a Lebanese Druze leader and head of the Arslan feudal Druze ruling family."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Achill Island (; ) is the largest of the Irish isles and lies off the west coast of Ireland in County Mayo. It has a population of 2,345. Its area is . Achill is attached to the mainland by Michael Davitt Bridge, between the villages of Achill Sound and Polranny. A bridge was first completed here in 1887. Other centres of population include the villages of Keel, Dooagh, Dooega, Dooniver, and Dugort. The parish's main Gaelic football pitch and secondary school are on the mainland at Polranny. Early human settlements are believed to have been established on Achill around 3000 BC. The island is 87% peat bog. The parish of Achill consists of Achill Island, Achillbeg, Inishbiggle and the Corraun Peninsula. Roughly half of the island, including the villages of Achill Sound and Bunacurry are in the Gaeltacht (traditional Irish-speaking region) of Ireland, although the vast majority of the island's\n\nFire protection is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially destructive fires. It involves the study of the behaviour, compartmentalisation, suppression and investigation of fire and its related emergencies, as well as the research and development, production, testing and application of mitigating systems. In structures, be they land-based, offshore or even ships, the owners and operators are responsible to maintain their facilities in accordance with a design-basis that is rooted in laws, including the local building code and fire code, which are enforced by the authority having jurisdiction. Buildings must be constructed in accordance with the version of the building code that is in effect when an application for a building permit is made. Building inspectors check on compliance of a building under construction with the building code. Once construction is complete, a building must be maintained in accordance with the current fire code, which is\n\nFoday Musa Suso (born 9 December 1953, in Sarre Hamadi, Wuli District, in the Upper River Division of The Gambia) is a Gambian musician and composer. He is a member of the Mandinka ethnic group, and is a griot. Griots are the oral historians and musicians of the Mandingo people who live in several west African nations. Griots are a living library for the community providing history, entertainment, and wisdom while playing and singing their songs. It is an extensive verbal and musical heritage that can only be passed down within a griot family. Suso is a direct descendant of Jali Madi Wlen Suso, the griot who invented the kora over four centuries ago. He spent his childhood in a traditional Gambian village, in a household filled with kora music. Though his father was a master kora player, in griot tradition a father does not teach his own children the\n\nQuestion: What is Fire protection?", "output": "Fire protection is the study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of potentially destructive fires."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Andr\u00e9 Hossein, born Aminulla Huseynov, also known as Aminollah Hossein (; 1905, in Samarkand \u2013 9 August 1983, in Paris) was a French composer Iranian Azerbaijani origin and a tar soloist. Hossein was the first Persian composer who was able to present his works in international concerts. Life and education His son, Robert Hossein, has written that Andr\u00e9 Hossein studied in Moscow, Russia and later in Germany where he attended a music academy in Stuttgart and the Berlin Conservatory from 1934 to 1937. His fascination with ancient Persia led him to convert to Zoroastrianism. His newfound religion immensely influenced his musical works such as \"Persian Miniature\", \"I love my Country\", and \"Symphony Persepolis\". He married Anna Mincovschi, a Jewish comedy actress from Soroca (Bessarabia), who had immigrated to Paris with her parents after the October Revolution. He spent the rest of his life in France. He also studied privately under\n\nDoodle Do is a British 2006 arts and crafts television programme, specially designed for pre-school children (2 to 5 years). It aired on the CBeebies channel between 2006 and 2010. The programme features three \"Doodle Doers\" \u2014 puppets called \"Dib-Dab\", \"Scribble\" and \"Stick\" \u2014 who interact with a human presenter, Chris (played by Chris Corcoran, a Welsh stand-up comedian). The programme first aired on 30 January 2006 on the CBeebies channel at 9am and again at 1pm and 5pm Local Time. Format Dib-Dab, Scribble and Stick are three literal glove hand creatures, as they consist of colourful knitted gloves decorated with eyes, noses, and hair. They are each operated by three puppeteers who remain concealed behind features of the studio set, such as curtains or boxes, or beneath the raised studio floor. One episode was filmed in the French Ski Resort of 'Les Deux Alpes'. The programme is a loose\n\nIrene Raymond (also Carter and Hills) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Roberta Taylor. Introduced in 1997 as the matriarch of the Hills family, Irene remained in the serial until 2000, when the actress opted to leave. Involved in comical and dramatic storylines, Irene is paired romantically with Terry Raymond (Gavin Richards), and is prominently featured as part of the 1999 Christmas Day episodes, where her extra-marital affair with a toy boy is discovered by Terry. Her departure storyline was filmed on-location in Spain, where she ends her marriage to Terry. Storylines Irene is the ex-wife of Ted Hills (Brian Croucher) and the estranged mother of Sarah and Tony Hills (Daniela Denby-Ashe and Mark Homer), and she arrives in Albert Square following Ted's departure to Dubai in August 1997. She comes to stay with her children after she was fleeced out of her divorce\n\nQuestion: What's Doodle Do?", "output": "Doodle Do is a British 2006 arts and crafts television programme, specially designed for pre-school children."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Carles Benavent (born 1 March 1954) is a Spanish flamenco and jazz bass player. Biography Benavent was born in the Poble Sec neighborhood in Barcelona. He started playing the bass when he was thirteen years old, attracted by blues and rock, Jimi Hendrix in particular. A totally self-taught jazz bassist, he founded the group, \"M\u00fasica Urbana\" with which he recorded two albums. He came to create a new form of playing the electric bass \"Flamenco style\", using the pick to create a special type of alzap\u00faa (style of plucking the strings with the finger and pick). His preferred instrument is the fretless bass, which was pretty uncommon at the time, so he can be considered one of the fretless bass pioneers in Flamenco music. One of the hallmark pieces that first showcased his unique playing was his duet with Paco de Lucia on Paco's album Solo Quiero Caminar, called \"Monasterio\n\nThe Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists (German: Aktionsfront Nationaler Sozialisten/Nationale Aktivisten; abbreviated ANS/NA) was a West German neo-Nazi organization founded in 1977 by Michael K\u00fchnen under the name \"Action Front of National Socialists\" (ANS). It was based around a group of young neo-Nazis in Hamburg. Upon founding the group K\u00fchnen declared \"we are a revolutionary party dedicated to restoring the values of the Third Reich\" and adopted a version of the Nazi flag in which the swastika was reversed, with the spaces black and the actual cross blending into the background, as their organization's emblem. He sought to link his movement with other groups, by seeking links with Waffen-SS veterans organisations, sending a delegation to the Order of Flemish Militants-organised international neo-Nazi rallies in Diksmuide and working closely with the Wiking-Jugend. The ANS quickly gained a reputation for provocative action, attracting much attention in 1978 when its members clashed\n\nCarlos Anaya Lopez Camelo (1777\u20131862) was an Uruguayan politician and historian from Buenos Aires, who served as interim President of the Republic between 1834 and 1835, in his capacity as President of the Senate. Background Anaya was born in San Pedro, Buenos Aires. He drafted the Uruguayan Declaration of Independence, 1825. He was senator from 1832 to 1838. This was in the period before the party system had been fully developed in Uruguay. In October 1834 President Fructuoso Rivera stepped down from office. Anaya served as the President of the Senate of Uruguay from 1834 to 1835, and from 1837 to 1838. Anaya was the author of some noted historical works. President of Uruguay Anaya served as President of Uruguay from 24 October 1834 to 1 March 1835, having succeeded Fructuoso Rivera in that office. Anaya was himself succeeded as President by Manuel Oribe. Death Anaya died in Montevideo in\n\nQuestion: What is Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists", "output": "The Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists was a West German neo-Nazi organization founded in 1977 by Michael K\u00fchnen under the name \"Action Front of National Socialists\"."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Snakes are a common occurrence in myths for a multitude of cultures. The Hopi people of North America viewed snakes as symbols of healing, transformation, and fertility. In other cultures snakes symbolized the umbilical cord, joining all humans to Mother Earth. The Great Goddess often had snakes as her familiars\u2014sometimes twining around her sacred staff, as in ancient Crete\u2014and they were worshipped as guardians of her mysteries of birth and regeneration. Although not entirely a snake, the plumed serpent, Quetzalcoatl, in Mesoamerican culture, particularly Mayan and Aztec, held a multitude of roles as a deity. He was viewed as a twin entity which embodied that of god and man and equally man and serpent, yet was closely associated with fertility. In ancient Aztec mythology, Quetzalcoatl was the son of the fertility earth goddess, Cihuacoatl, and cloud serpent and hunting god, Maxicoat. His roles took the form of everything from bringer\n\nLibriVox is a group of worldwide volunteers who read and record public domain texts, creating free public domain audiobooks for download from their website and other digital library hosting sites on the internet. It was founded in 2005 by Hugh McGuire to provide \"Acoustical liberation of books in the public domain\" and the LibriVox objective is \"To make all books in the public domain available, for free, in audio format on the internet\". On 6 August 2016, the completed projects numbered 10,000, and on 14 February 2021 there were 15,000 completed projects. Most releases are in the English language, but many non-English works are also available. There are multiple affiliated projects that are providing additional content. LibriVox is closely affiliated with Project Gutenberg from where the project gets some of its texts, and the Internet Archive that hosts their offerings. History LibriVox was started in August 2005 by Montreal-based writer\n\nKHLU-CD, virtual and UHF digital channel 46, was a low-power, Class A Univision-affiliated television station licensed to Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. The station was owned by Hawaiian TV Network, Ltd. On cable, the station was carried on Time Warner Cable digital channel 35, which added the station in March 2014. History KHLU signed on the air on August 26, 1994 as K60FJ and began airing Univision programming to Honolulu's growing Hispanic population. Originally KHLU operated on channel 60, but when the FCC made that channel a full-powered allocation with more than seven companies applying for the last vacant TV signal in the market, they relocated to channel 46 and were upgraded to Class A status. In 2010, KHLU filed an application with the FCC to convert its status from analog to digital. It was licensed for digital operation on channel 46 on May 29, 2015. On April 13, 2017, the\n\nQuestion: What is KHLU-CD", "output": "KHLU-CD, virtual and UHF digital channel 46, was a low-power, Class A Univision-affiliated television station licensed to Honolulu, Hawaii, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In Poland, the resistance movement during World War II was led by the Home Army. The Polish resistance is notable among others for disrupting German supply lines to the Eastern Front (damaging or destroying 1/8 of all rail transports), and providing intelligence reports to the British intelligence agencies (providing 43% of all reports from occupied Europe). It was a part of the Polish Underground State. Organizations The largest of all Polish resistance organizations was the Armia Krajowa (Home Army, AK), loyal to the Polish government in exile in London. The AK was formed in 1942 from the Union of Armed Struggle (Zwi\u0105zek Walki Zbrojnej or ZWZ, itself created in 1939) and would eventually incorporate most other Polish armed resistance groups (except for the communists and some far-right groups). It was the military arm of the Polish Underground State and loyal to the Polish government in Exile. Most of the other\n\nWDKY-TV (channel 56) is a television station licensed to Danville, Kentucky, United States, serving the Lexington area as an affiliate of the Fox network. The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group and maintains studios on Euclid Avenue in Lexington's Chevy Chase neighborhood and a transmitter southeast of the city off Interstate 75. Built as the market's first independent station in early 1986, the station has been affiliated with Fox since the network started later that year. It has aired local newscasts since 1995, first in partnership with another local station, WKYT-TV, and since 2022 on an independent basis. History On December 29, 1982, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted a construction permit to Robert Bertram, an attorney, to build a new channel 56 television station at Danville. However, it took more than three years to get the station built. Officials with the Kentucky Airport Zoning Commission fretted over proximity\n\nBrigitte Wujak, n\u00e9e K\u00fcnzel (born 6 March 1955 in Karl-Marx-Stadt) is a retired long jumper who represented East Germany with the SC Dynamo Berlin. She won the silver medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow with a personal best jump of 7.04 metres. This was the German record at the time, and remained her career best jump. The result places her fourth on the German all-time performers list, behind Heike Drechsler, Helga Radtke and Sabine Paetz. She finished seventh at the 1982 European Championships, and retired after the 1984 season. She competed for the sports club SC Dynamo Berlin during her active career. References 1955 births Living people East German female long jumpers Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics Olympic athletes for East Germany Olympic silver medalists for East Germany Sportspeople from Chemnitz Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and\n\nQuestion: What's Polish resistance movement in World War II?", "output": "In Poland, the resistance movement during World War II was led by the Home Army."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Astrobiology is a scientific field within the life and environmental sciences that studies the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe by investigating its deterministic conditions and contingent events. As a discipline, astrobiology is founded on the premise that life may exist beyond Earth. Research in astrobiology comprises three main areas: the study of habitable environments in the Solar System and beyond, the search for planetary biosignatures of past or present extraterrestrial life, and the study of the origin and early evolution of life on Earth. The field of astrobiology has its origins in the 20th century with the advent of space exploration and the discovery of exoplanets. Early astrobiology research focused on the search for extraterrestrial life and the study of the potential for life to exist on other planets. In the 1960s and 1970s, NASA began its astrobiology pursuits within the Viking program, which\n\nHarris Church of England Academy (formerly Harris School) is a coeducational Church of England secondary school With academy status, located in Rugby, Warwickshire, England. The school uses the colours black, gold and red. There were 748 students on roll in the 2014-2015 academic year, with 51 teachers and 22 teaching support posts (full-time equivalent). In 2013 the school, then named Harris School, was placed in special measures after an Ofsted report deemed it \"Inadequate\". It converted to Academy status on 1 January 2014 and changed to its current name. Harris School is now no longer under special measures. Now Harris is repeatedly over subscribed and rated as one of the best non-grammar secondary schools in the area of Warwickshire. Results in the drama, business and English department are consistently high as a result in the reform in leadership from 2012. Achievement Number of students gaining 5+ A*-C grades at GCSE\n\nRachel Barrett (12 November 1874 \u2013 26 August 1953) was a Welsh suffragette and newspaper editor born in Carmarthen. Educated at the University College of Wales in Aberystwyth she became a science teacher, but quit her job in 1906 on hearing Nellie Martel speak of women's suffrage, joined the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) and moved to London. In 1907, she became a WSPU organiser, and after Christabel Pankhurst fled to Paris, Barrett became joint organiser of the national WSPU campaign. In 1912, despite no journalistic background, she took charge of the new newspaper The Suffragette. Barrett was arrested on occasions for activities linked to the suffrage movement and, in 1913\u20131914, spent some time incognito to avoid re-arrest. Early life Barrett was born in Carmarthen in 1874 to Rees Barrett, a land and road surveyor, and his second wife Anne Jones, both Welsh-speakers. She grew up in the town\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Astrobiology is.", "output": "Astrobiology is a scientific field within the life and environmental sciences that studies the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe by investigating its deterministic conditions and contingent events."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tomoka State Park is an Florida State Park located along the Tomoka River, three miles (5 km) north of Ormond Beach on North Beach Street. Fauna Among the wildlife of the park are West Indian manatees, alligators, white-tailed deer, gopher tortoises, bobcats, and 160 species of birds. Seasonal birds of prey include the bald eagle, peregrine falcon, and northern harrier. The park's wading birds include egrets, herons, wood stork and American white ibis. Historic status Within the park is the site of the Timucuan village of Nocoroco, located on the Tomoka River. Researchers suggest that the land containing the Tomoka Mound Complex just south of the Nocoroco village site was occupied as early as 5000 B.C. It was also the location of a plantation owned by Richard Oswald, a wealthy Scottish merchant, who owned the plantation throughout the British rule of Florida. It became a state park in 1945. On\n\nSteve Monarque (born April 2, 1959) is a New York-based actor, director, writer and musician. Life and career Monarque was born and raised in the suburban New Jersey community of Pompton Lakes. Monarque has appeared in films including No Small Affair and Sixteen Candles. In 1985, he was the lead in a special MTV video for the song \"25 or 6 to 4\" by the rock band Chicago. He also starred in the late eighties romantic comedy film Under the Boardwalk. Monarque starred in two award-winning TV movies, ABC Afterschool Specials: Stoned (1980), co-starring with Scott Baio, and CBS Schoolbreak Special: The Day the Senior Class Got Married (1985), co-starring with Paul Dooley. In 1989, he joined the syndicated sci-fi horror series Friday the 13th: The Series, as regular cast member Johnny Ventura, a streetwise kid and freelance writer who works part-time at an antiques store and who helped his\n\nThe Lloydminster Bobcats are a Canadian junior A ice hockey team in the Alberta Junior Hockey League (AJHL). They play home games in the Lloydminster Centennial Civic Centre on the Saskatchewan side of the biprovincial city of Lloydminster, which straddles that province's border with Alberta. History The Bobcats were preceded by the Lloydminster Blazers from 1988 to 2005 and the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League's Lloydminster Lancers from 1982 until 1988. The Bobcats hosted the 2016 Royal Bank Cup tournament for the Junior A national championship. Season-by-season record Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T/OTL = Ties/Overtime losses, SOL = Shootout losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against Junior A National Championship The National Junior A Championship, known as the Centennial Cup and formerly as the Royal Bank Cup or RBC Cup, is the postseason tournament for the Canadian national championship\n\nQuestion: Who is Steve Monarque?", "output": "Steve Monarque is a New York-based actor, director, writer and musician."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Nelson Giants are a New Zealand basketball team based in Nelson. The Giants compete in the National Basketball League (NBL) and play their home games at the Trafalgar Centre. For sponsorship reasons, they are known as the NBS Nelson Giants. The Giants are the only remaining original team from the league's inaugural season, as all other teams have spent at least one year out of the league, for various reasons. Team history The Nelson Giants were a foundation member of the National Basketball League (NBL) in 1982. The Giants made their first NBL final in 1990, where they lost to the Canterbury Rams in what was the NBL's first all-South Island final. In 1994, the Giants won their maiden championship with a 67\u201366 win over the Rams in the final. In 1996 and 1997, the Giants lost back-to-back championship series, before winning their second NBL championship in 1998 with\n\nKosala Proper or simply Kosala is the mythical kingdom of the celebrated personality of Treta Yuga, Raghava Rama. Ayodhya was its capital, presently in Ayodhya district, Uttar Pradesh. Rama's sons Lava (Ramayana) and Kusha inherited parts of this kingdom. Lava ruled from the city called Shravasti and Kusa from the city called Kushavati. A colony of Kosala kings existed in Madhya Pradesh. It was called Dakshina Kosala. Rama's mother Kausalya was from this kingdom. King Rama extended his influence up to the island-kingdom of Lanka situated in the southern ocean. He had friendly relations with the southern kingdom of forest dwellers (Vanaras) called Kishkindha. Rama's brother Bharata, colonized the Gandhara kingdom and founded the city of Takshasila there. Gandhara lies close to Kekeya Kingdom, the native kingdom of Bharata's mother, Kaikeyi. Rama's second brother Lakshmana founded the city of Lakshmanapura near river Ganges which is now known as Lucknow. He\n\nNo Remorse Records was a German heavy metal record label. It was the original record label of heavy metal band Blind Guardian. Discography NRR 1001: Blind Guardian - Battalions of Fear NRR 1002: Dimple Minds - Blau auf'm Bau NRR 1003: Grinder - Dawn for the Living NRR 1004: Dimple Minds - Trinker an die Macht NRR 1005: Heavens Gate - In Control NRR 1006: Blind Guardian - Follow the Blind NRR 1007: Grinder - Dead End NRR 1008: Lawdy - Outlaw Invasion NRR 1009: Sacrosanct - Truth Is What Is NRR 1010: Pyracanda - Two Sides of a Coin NRR 1011: Grinder - The First EP NRR 1012: Heavens Gate - Open the Gate and Watch NRR 1013: Wardance - Heaven Is for Sale NRR 1014: Blind Guardian - Tales from the Twilight World NRR 1015: Centaur - Mob Rules the World See also List of record labels References\n\nQuestion: What is No Remorse Records", "output": "No Remorse Records was a German heavy metal record label."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Salar Jung family was a noble Hyderabad family under the Nizams, who ruled from 1720 to 1948. They are credited with safeguarding rare artifacts and collections, which are now at Salar Jung Museum. The family were one of the remaining families of nobles other than the three great Paigah nobles, (who were the highest order of nobility under the Nizams) and after them ranked the Umra-e-Uzzam families. The Salar Jung family was one of the Umra-e-Uzzam. Their ancestry dates to the 16th century. By the middle of the 19th century, the family assumed importance as five members served as Grand Viziers to the Nizams. The family resided at the Dewan Devdi palace. The five Prime Ministers from the family are buried at Daira Mir Momin, a graveyard in the old city of Hyderabad. Prince Moazzam Jah and classical musician Bade Ghulam Ali Khan are also buried there. They claimed\n\nMagical Circle Guru Guru () is a Japanese manga by Hiroyuki Et\u014d, which was serialized in Enix's Monthly Sh\u014dnen Gangan from 1992 to 2003. It was later adapted into an anime series on October 13, 1994. A second manga series was serialized in Gangan Online in 2012. Mah\u014djin Guru Guru is a light series aimed at older children. It contains occasional toilet gags and some innuendo. It also is a parody of early role-playing video games (RPGs), particularly turn-based games, such as those in the Dragon Quest series. The narrator speaks in place of the dialogue in such games, and this is one of the comedy elements of the show. Information boxes are often displayed on screen with accompanying narration in the traditional RPG style. The overall goal of the two main characters, Nike and Kukuri, is to defeat Giri, the ruler of the darkness. Since the anime is based\n\nThe Aleuts ( ; ) are the Indigenous people of the Aleutian Islands, which are located between the North Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. Both the Aleut people and the islands are politically divided between the US state of Alaska and the Russian administrative division of Kamchatka Krai. This group is also known as the Unangax\u0302 (Oo-NUNG-ukh) in Unangam Tunuu, the Aleut language. Etymology In the Aleut language they are known by the endonyms Unangan (eastern dialect) and Unangas (western dialect), both of which mean \"people\". The Russian term \"Aleut\" was a general term used for both the native population of the Aleutian Islands and their neighbors to the east in the Kodiak Archipelago, who were also referred to as \"Pacific Eskimos\" or Sugpiat/Alutiit. Language Aleut people speak Unangam Tunuu, the Aleut language, as well as English and Russian in the United States and Russia respectively. An estimated 150\n\nQuestion: What is Magical Circle Guru Guru?", "output": "Magical Circle Guru Guru is a Japanese manga by Hiroyuki Et\u014d, which was serialized in Enix's Monthly Sh\u014dnen Gangan from 1992 to 2003."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Google was officially launched in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin to market Google Search, which has become the most used web-based search engine. Larry Page and Sergey Brin, students at Stanford University in California, developed a search algorithm at first known as \"BackRub\" in 1996, with the help of Scott Hassan and Alan Steremberg. The search engine soon proved successful and the expanding company moved several times, finally settling at Mountain View in 2003. This marked a phase of rapid growth, with the company making its initial public offering in 2004 and quickly becoming one of the world's largest media companies. The company launched Google News in 2002, Gmail in 2004, Google Maps in 2005, Google Chrome in 2008, and the social network known as Google+ in 2011 (which was shut down in April 2019), in addition to many other products. In 2015, Google became the main subsidiary\n\nBruno Gervais (born October 3, 1984) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played with the New York Islanders, Tampa Bay Lightning and the Philadelphia Flyers in the National Hockey League (NHL). Playing career As a youth, Gervais played in the 1997 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Richelieu Laser minor ice hockey team. Gervais was selected in the sixth round of the 2003 NHL Entry Draft, 182nd overall, by the New York Islanders. Gervais was named captain of the Acadie-Bathurst Titan of the QMJHL as an 18-year-old even though there were many veteran players. In his 19-year-old season he hurt his knee at the December tryout camp for team Canada's under 20 team. He missed the rest of the season. After scoring a career high 19 points in 63 games with the Islanders in the 2008\u201309 season, he was selected as the Nassau County Athlete of\n\nThe winged sun is a solar symbol associated with divinity, royalty, and power in the Ancient Near East (Egypt, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and Persia). Ancient Egypt In ancient Egypt, the symbol is attested from the Old Kingdom (Sneferu, 26th century BC ), often flanked on either side with a uraeus. Behdety In early Egyptian religion, the symbol Behdety represented Horus of Edfu, later identified with Ra-Horakhty. It is sometimes depicted on the neck of Apis, the bull of Ptah. As time passed (according to interpretation) all of the subordinated gods of Egypt were considered to be aspects of the sun god, including Khepri. The name \"Behdety\" means the inhabitant of Behdet. He was the sky god of the region called Behdet in the Nile basin. His image was first found in the inscription on a comb's body, as a winged solar panel. The period of the comb is about 3000 BC.\n\nQuestion: Who is Bruno Gervais", "output": "Bruno Gervais is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sir John Lawson Ormrod Andrews (15 July 1903 \u2013 12 January 1986) was a member of both the Northern Ireland House of Commons and the Senate of Northern Ireland. Son of Prime Minister J. M. Andrews, he was educated at Moure Grange Preparatory School, County Down, and Shrewsbury School. Andrews entered Parliament as MP for Mid Down in 1953 (replacing his father), a seat which he represented until his resignation in 1964, when he was elected to the Senate where he sat until the Parliament was prorogued in 1972. His election to the senate was following a cabinet reshuffle, in which Andrews accepted demotion to the politically unimportant position of Government Minister in the Senate. He held several Cabinet positions, including Minister in the Senate from 1964 and Deputy Prime Minister from May 1969. He was a contender for the position of Prime Minister on the retirement of Lord Brookeborough,\n\nis a tennis sports video game that was released by Namco in 1988 for Japanese arcades. It runs upon Namco System 1 hardware, and was inspired by the 1987 Famicom game Family Tennis. In August 1988, the game was ported to the PC Engine console, in which a new tennis-based role-playing quest mode was added, and was later ported to the North American TurboGrafx-16 console by NEC under the title of World Court Tennis in 1989. Up to four players could play simultaneously. A sequel named Super World Court was released in 1992, which ran on Namco NA-1 hardware and allowed up to four players to play simultaneously. The arcade version was recently confirmed to be released on the PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch as part of the Arcade Archives lineup on May 12, 2022 worldwide. Gameplay At the start of the game the players must select either \"singles\" (Player\n\nGraham Gooch World Class Cricket is a cricket video game developed and published by Audiogenic in 1993. It is endorsed by former England cricketer Graham Gooch and is available for the Amiga and PC computer systems. Gameplay The player can play either test matches or One Day Internationals. There are three types of bowling fast, spin and swing. The fielding can either be set manually or automatically. There are three difficulty settings to play at, Amateur, Professional and World Class. The game has pseudo-3D graphics with details such as the shadows of players moving as the sun moves. All test sides (in 1993) are included including a World XI team to play as. Batting averages and other statistics are included. Versions and updates Graham Gooch World Class Cricket has many different versions available. Allan Border cricket: The Australian release of the game. Battle for the Ashes: A cut down version\n\nQuestion: Define Pro Tennis: World Court.", "output": "is a tennis sports video game that was released by Namco in 1988 for Japanese arcades."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "George Thomas Stovall (November 23, 1877 \u2013 November 5, 1951), nicknamed \"Firebrand\", was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball. He played for the Cleveland Naps and the St. Louis Browns in the American League, and he also played two seasons with the Kansas City Packers of the short-lived Federal League. He was the manager of the Naps for one season in , and in , he went to the Browns, serving as player-manager for two seasons. In , he jumped to the Packers as a first baseman-manager. In 1916, he signed with the Toledo Mud Hens and played a season there before retiring from baseball at age 39. In 5596 career at bats, Stovall had 1382 hits. He recorded 231 doubles and 142 career stolen bases. While for the most part a first baseman, he did play some second base and even third base, especially early in his\n\nMalcolm Struan Tonnochy (Chinese: \u675c\u8001\u8a8c) (5 December 1841 \u2013 14 December 1882) was an Indian colonial major official serving in British India and in Hong Kong. He was acting Governor of Hong Kong in March 1882. Early years Tonnochy was born in Bengal, India in December 1841 to Thomas Tonnochy (a colonial collector in Bulundshahr) and Caroline Kemball. He was of Scottish and Indian extraction: his paternal grandfather was a Scot (Bengal Army Sergeant Major Thomas Tonnochie) and his paternal grandmother, Catharine, was probably Indian. His maternal grandfather was a Conductor of Ordnance and maternal grandmother most likely Indian too. He was sent to England for education at Blackheath Proprietary School followed by Trinity College, Cambridge. Colonial Service in Hong Kong It seems that Tonnochy did not complete his studies at Cambridge, choosing instead to try for a new cadetship in the Hong Kong Civil Service, by competitive examination in\n\nSilvisaurus, from the Latin silva \"woodland\" and Greek sauros \"lizard\", is a nodosaurid ankylosaur from the Early to Late Cretaceous period. Discovery and species A fossil of the species was discovered in the 1950s by rancher Warren W. Condray of Wells, KS. He notified senator Frank Carlson who directed him to the chancellor of the University of Kansas, Franklin David Murphy. Murphy sent the preparator of the paleontology of vertebrates department of the natural history museum of the university, Russell R. Camp, to investigate the matter. In July 1955 Camp, with help from Condray, recovered the skeleton of a dinosaur. It was further prepared by Camp and Glenn H. Marihugh. In 1961 the find was described and named by Theodore H. Eaton jr., also from the University of Kansas, as the type species Silvisaurus condrayi. The generic name is derived from Latin silva, \"wood\", in reference to the probably densely\n\nQuestion: Tell me what George Stovall is.", "output": "George Thomas Stovall, nicknamed \"Firebrand\", was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bouzonville (; ; Lorraine Franconian: Busendroff) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in northeastern France. The localities of Aidling, Benting and Heckling are incorporated in the commune. It lies from Metz and the same distance from Thionville. History Built on the \"salt road\" between the Rhine and the Moselle, at the site of an easy ford of the Nied, the site's traces of Celtic La T\u00e8ne culture are most vividly represented by the \"Bouzonville flagon\", in which Scythian influence on Celtic craftsmenship is clearly represented in the animal that forms its handle and in the nature of coral inlays, with enamels of similar colour supplementing it, that form bands around the base and rim of the high-shouldered vessel; the beak-flagon was among a group of bronze objects from Bouzonville acquired by the British Museum in 1928. A minor Roman vicus represented by tiles that the plough\n\nSergio Vigil (born 11 August 1965 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine former field hockey player, who later became a coach in his sport. In 1997 he was appointed as the head coach of the Argentine Women's Team, that won the silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney under his guidance. Besides that, Vigil coached Las Leonas to gold medals at the 2002 Women's Hockey World Cup, 2001 Champions Trophy and at the 1999 Pan American Games. Under his guidance, Las Leonas have also won the silver medal at the 2002 Champions Trophy and the bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. Sergio has also coached Argentina men's national field hockey team from 2004 to 2008. He won the Konex Award Merit Diploma in 2010 as one of the five best coaches of the last decade in Argentina. References 1965 births Living people Argentine male\n\n(Masked Rider J) is a 1994 Japanese tokusatsu superhero movie produced by Toei Company and loosely based on their Kamen Rider Series. It was the final story in which Shotaro Ishinomori was involved, who died 4 years later. It was also the final installment of the Showa era in which Ishinomori was involved in the series. The film was released on April 16, 1994. Plot After conducting a praying ceremony, the three oldest children of the alien Fog Mother hunt for an ideal human to feed to their newly hatched siblings. They find Kana, the young friend of environmentalist reporter Kouji Segawa, when he is investigating pollution at the lake. Protecting Kana from the villains as they escape, Kouji is thrown over a cliff by the reptilian Agito and dies; Kana is taken by the insectoid, Zu. The Earth Spirits resurrect Kouji as Kamen Rider J to fight the Fog\n\nQuestion: What is Bouzonville?", "output": "Bouzonville is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in northeastern France."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Badminton School is an independent, boarding and day school for girls aged 4 to 18 years situated in Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, England. Named after Badminton House in Clifton, Bristol, where it was founded, the school has been located at its current site since 1924 and consistently performs well in the government's league tables, particularly at A-Level. In 2008 the school was ranked third in the Financial Times top 1,000 schools. In the 2023 A-Levels, the school saw 48.5% of its candidates score A*/A. According to the Good Schools Guide, \"The secret of the school's success is in its size and a good deal of individual attention.\" School history Miriam Badock established a school for girls in 1858 at Badminton House in Clifton, Bristol. By 1898 it had become known as Miss Bartlett's School for Young Ladies. The school developed a broad curriculum, and extracurricular activities, including sports, were encouraged which was\n\nCamelbeach Outdoor Waterpark is a water park located in the Poconos in Tannersville, Pennsylvania at Big Pocono State Park. Opened in 1998, it is the summer operation for Camelback Resort, which is a skiing and snowboard resort during the winter. Attractions Camelbeach contains over 37 waterslides as well as many other attractions. Dry attractions During the summer the ski lift, called the Black Bear 6 is still open. It allows guests to observe wildlife as they ascend the mountain. Water attractions The Blue Nile Adventure River is Camelbeach's lazy river. Riders can choose from single and double-rider tubes. It opened with the park in 1998. The Olympic Pool is a full-size swimming pool. It opened with the park in 1998. Twister: A green tube slide which features some enclosed sections and some open sections, with one of the enclosed sections ending with a water curtain to soak riders. It opened\n\nVincent Joseph Schaefer (July 4, 1906 \u2013 July 25, 1993) was an American chemist and meteorologist who developed cloud seeding. On November 13, 1946, while a researcher at the General Electric Research Laboratory, Schaefer modified clouds in the Berkshire Mountains by seeding them with dry ice. While he was self-taught and never completed high school, he was issued 14 patents. Personal life The Schaefer family lived in Schenectady, New York, and due to his mother's health, starting in 1921 the family made summer trips to the Adirondack Mountains. Vincent Schaefer had a lifelong association with the Adirondacks, as well as interests in hiking, natural history, and archeology. In his youth he was the founder of a local tribe of the Lone Scouts and with some of his tribe mates wrote and printed a tribe paper called \"Archaeological Research.\" Schaefer credited this publication with his introduction to many prominent individuals in\n\nQuestion: What's Vincent Schaefer?", "output": "Vincent Joseph Schaefer was an American chemist and meteorologist who developed cloud seeding."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Asher Asher (16 February 1837 \u2013 7 January 1889), born in Glasgow, was the first Scottish Jew to enter the medical profession. He published the book The Jewish Rite of Circumcision (1873). He died in London, England. Life Asher Asher was educated at the Royal High School. He was a prominent member of the local Jewish congregation, as its Honorary Secretary. Then, he abandoned for studying medicine at the University of Edinburgh, graduating as Doctor of Medicine in 1856, as the first Jewish doctor of Scotland. He practiced at Glasgow and the nearby Bishopbriggs, a mining town. In 1862, Asher Asher moved to London and became medical officer of the Jewish Board of Guardians, where he helped providing medical care for poor Jews, beside the founder, Dr. Canstatt. In 1866 was appointed secretary of the Great Synagogue. About this time the idea of a union of the various London synagogues\n\nThe Hanwha Eagles () are a South Korean professional baseball team based in Daejeon. They are a member of the KBO League. The Eagles' home ballpark is Hanwha Life Eagles Park. The Eagles have won the Korean Series once, in 1999, and the league pennant twice. As of 2023, the Eagles have played in the postseason 13 times, being the runner-up in the Korean Series five times. History Founded in 1985 as the Binggrae Eagles (Binggrae was the then-trademark of Hanwha's confectionery branch), they debuted in 1986 as the seventh franchise of the league. Japanese-born pitcher Jang Myeong-bu went 1\u201318 with a 4.98 ERA in the 1986 season. The team went 31\u201376 overall in 1986, and Jang retired after the season. The Eagles made it to the Korean Series four times in their first seven years of existence (in 1988, 1989, 1991, and 1992), losing each time. In 1993, the\n\nHealth and Social Care (often abbreviated to HSC or H&SC) is a term that relates to services that are available from health and social care providers in the UK. This is a generic term used to refer to the whole of the healthcare provision infrastructure, and private sector. The English national provider of information about health and social care is the Health and Social Care Information Centre HSCIC. NHS Scotland has a Health and Social Care Management Board which meets fortnightly. The term can also refer to a range of vocational and academic courses which can be taken at various academic and vocational levels from GNVQ, A-Level, S/NVQ, to degrees. In Canada and the United-States, health and social care is frequently referred to as \"Human Services\" As a subject discipline, Health and Social Care (H&SC) combines elements of sociology, biology, nutrition, law, and ethics. Typically, students of Health and Social\n\nQuestion: Who is Asher Asher?", "output": "Asher Asher, born in Glasgow, was the first Scottish Jew to enter the medical profession."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Halocarpus bidwillii, commonly known as the mountain pine or bog pine, is a species of conifer in the family Podocarpaceae. It is endemic to New Zealand. It is an evergreen shrub favouring both bogs and dry stony ground, seldom growing to more than high. The leaves are scale-like on adult plants, long, arranged spirally on the shoots; young seedlings and occasional shoots on older plants have soft strap-like leaves and broad. The seed cones are highly modified, berry-like, with a white aril surrounding the single long seed. Description H. bidiwillii grows as a shrub. It grows up to tall and has a short trunk that Kirk noted \"rarely exceeds\" 1 foot in diameter, and more commonly has a thickness between at breast height. Its bark is red to brown and trunks have multiple branches, though will occasionally have just one. In some rare cases, as the horizontal branches grow, their\n\nJeremy \"Jez\" Butterworth (born March 1969) is an English playwright, screenwriter, and film director. He has written screenplays in collaboration with his brothers, John-Henry and Tom. Life and career In March 1969, Butterworth was born in London, England. He has three brothers: older brothers Tom (born 1966) and Steve (born 1968); and younger brother John-Henry (born 1976). He also has a sister, Joanna. He attended Verulam Comprehensive School, St Albans, and St John's College, Cambridge, where he studied the English tripos and graduated in 1991. All his brothers have been active in film and theatre: Steve is a producer, while Tom and John-Henry are writers. Butterworth's play Mojo, which premiered at the Royal Court Theatre in 1995, won the 1996 Laurence Olivier, Evening Standard, The Writer's Guild, and the George Devine awards, and the Critic's Circle Award. Butterworth also wrote and directed the film adaptation of Mojo (1997). The film\n\nMary Anne Amirthi Mohanraj (born July 26, 1971) is an American writer, editor, and academic of Sri Lankan birth. Background Mohanraj was born in Colombo, Sri Lanka but moved to the United States at the age of two and grew up in New Britain, Connecticut. Her parents, who had originally intended to return to Sri Lanka after a few years and were still considering the possibility for the future, planned in 1983 to send 12-year-old Mary Anne to live with her grandparents for a summer \"to reconnect\" with her homeland. Just before she was to go, her father received a telegram. \"Don't send her. There's trouble coming.\" He cancelled the trip. As she later wrote,It's called Black July in Sri Lanka. Riots erupted in Colombo, the capital city, killing thousands of Tamils, the ethnic minority group, the group to which I belong. Brutal chaos ensued \u2013 friends of mine who\n\nQuestion: Who was Mary Anne Mohanraj?", "output": "Mary Anne Amirthi Mohanraj is an American writer, editor, and academic of Sri Lankan birth."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Viking-class submarine was a planned class of submarines to be built by the Viking Submarine Corporation. Viking was a corporation jointly established by Kockums in Sweden, Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace in Norway and Odense Steel Shipyard in Denmark. Finland was an observer of the Viking project, as an eventual future buyer of additional Viking submarines. The idea was to develop modern successor to the Swedish , that would have cost about one third of the German Type 214. It was initially planned that the Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian navies would purchase two, four, and four Viking-class submarines each starting in 2005. When the Royal Danish Navy announced that they would stop using submarines completely in the summer of 2004, the whole Viking project was cancelled. Currently Kockums is doing low-intensive continuous research, based on the Viking design, towards the A26 submarine for Sweden. In 2015 Damen Group and Saab\n\nThe Meitei script (), also known as the Meetei script (), is an abugida used for the Meitei language, the official language of Manipur state and one of the 22 official languages of India. It is one of the official scripts of the Indian Republic. It is also popularly known as the Kanglei script () and the Kok Sam Lai script (). Its earliest known evidence of existence dates back to the 6th century AD coins, engraving the Meitei letters, as verified by the various publications of the National Sahitya Akademi. It was used until the 18th century, when it was replaced by the Bengali alphabet. A few manuscripts survive. In the 20th century, the script has experienced a resurgence, and is again being used. Starting from 2021, Meitei script (officially known as Meetei Mayek) was officially used by the Government of Manipur, along with the Bengali-Assamese script, to write\n\nAdinazolam (marketed under the brand name Deracyn) is a tranquilizer of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepines (BZDs) fused with a triazole ring. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, and antidepressant properties. Adinazolam was developed by Jackson B. Hester, who was seeking to enhance the antidepressant properties of alprazolam, which he also developed. Adinazolam was never FDA approved and never made available to the public market; however, it has been sold as a designer drug. Side effects Overdose may include muscle weakness, ataxia, dysarthria and particularly in children paradoxical excitement, as well as diminished reflexes, confusion and coma may ensue in more severe cases. A human study comparing the subjective effects and abuse potential of adinazolam (30 mg and 50 mg) with diazepam, lorazepam and a placebo showed that adinazolam causes the most \"mental and physical sedation\" and the greatest \"mental unpleasantness\". Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics Adinazolam binds to peripheral-type benzodiazepine\n\nQuestion: What is Meitei script", "output": "The Meitei script, also known as the Meetei script, is an abugida used for the Meitei language, the official language of Manipur state and one of the 22 official languages of India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mesaieed (, also transliterated as Musay'id and Umm Sa'id) is an industrial city in Al Wakrah Municipality in the State of Qatar, approximately south of Doha. It was one of the most important cities in Qatar during the 20th century, having gained in recognition as a prime industrial zone and tanking center for petroleum received from Dukhan. Both Mesaieed and its industrial area are administered by a subdivision of QatarEnergy called \"Mesaieed Industry City Management\", which was established in 1996. Etymology According to The Centre for Geographic Information Systems of Qatar, the city derives its name from a plant known locally as \"sead\" which previously grew in bountiful quantities in the area. History Mesaieed was established in 1949 as a tanker terminal by QatarEnergy on a previously uninhabited site along the coast. It was chosen by the company because of its proximity to the working population in Doha and Al\n\nReuben Gold Thwaites ( May 15, 1853 \u2013 October 22, 1913) was an American librarian and historical writer. Biography Thwaites was born in 1853 in Dorchester, Massachusetts. His parents were William George and Sarah Bibbs Thwaites, who had moved to Dorchester in 1850 from Yorkshire, England. The family moved to Omro, Wisconsin, in 1866, where Reuben worked on the farm, studied college-level coursework and reported for the Oshkosh Times. In 1874\u20131875 he studied English literature, economic history and international law at Yale University. Thwaites studied at Yale as a special student, and beyond that never formally studied at the collegiate level, although later in his life he was awarded an LLD from the University of Wisconsin. From 1876 to 1886, Thwaites was managing editor of the Wisconsin State Journal, at Madison. In 1885 he became assistant corresponding secretary of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, and when Lyman Draper retired\n\nIsla Contadora (or Contadora Island in English) is a Panamanian island on the Pearl Islands archipelago (Spanish: Archipielago de las Perlas) in the Gulf of Panama. It has an area of 1.39 km2, which makes it the 11th largest island of the archipelago. With a population of 253 (census 2000), however, it ranks third, after Isla del Rey and Isla Taboga. A popular tourist destination, Contadora has a small regional/domestic airport (IATA code: OTD), and has regular flights to and from Panama City and the rest of the islands in the archipelago. History Contadora was the island where the Spanish counted the pearls that were harvested from the other islands in the archipelago, hence the name of the island, which means \"the one that counts\" in Spanish. The islands produced pearls of many colors and sizes, and during the many years when pearls were harvested from the waters around the\n\nQuestion: What's Reuben Gold Thwaites?", "output": "Reuben Gold Thwaites was an American librarian and historical writer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Thomas Dale High School is a public high school located in Chester, an unincorporated community in Chesterfield County, Virginia, United States. It was named for Sir Thomas Dale, a 17th-century leader in the Virginia Colony. The high school is operated by the local school division, Chesterfield County Public Schools. History Thomas Dale High School was named for Sir Thomas Dale, an English naval commander who served as colonial deputy-governor of the Colony of Virginia. Buildings and names The school was built in 1906 and named Chester Agricultural High School. In 1917, it was renamed Chester High School. In 1942 it was given its current name of Thomas Dale High School. In the early 1940s, a new building was constructed on the western side of the original building. This building, formerly known as Chester Middle School, stands today as the Thomas Dale Ninth Grade Campus. The 1906 structure was later demolished.\n\nMartin Joseph McManus (March 14, 1900 \u2013 February 18, 1966) was an American baseball player and manager. A native of Chicago, Illinois, McManus spent two years in the United States Army before beginning his professional baseball career in 1920. He played professional baseball for 22 years from 1920 to 1941, including 15 seasons in Major League Baseball, principally as a second baseman (927 games) and third baseman (725 games) for the St. Louis Browns (1920-1926), Detroit Tigers (1927-1931), Boston Red Sox (1931-1933), and Boston Braves (1934). He had four seasons in which he compiled a batting average above .300, including a .333 average in 1923 and a .320 average in 1930. He led the American League with 23 stolen bases in 1930 and with 44 doubles in 1925. In 15 major league seasons, he compiled a .289 batting average (1,926-for-6,660) with 1,008 runs scored, 401 doubles and 88 triples. McManus\n\nErnest Charles Auguste Cand\u00e8ze was a Belgian doctor and entomologist who was born 22 February 1827 at Li\u00e8ge and died in Glain, 30 June 1898. He studied in Li\u00e8ge under Jean Theodore Lacordaire (1801\u20131870), then studied medicine in Paris and Li\u00e8ge. Following Lacordaire's advice he joined the circle of entomologists in Li\u00e8ge which included his longtime friend F\u00e9licien Chapuis (1824\u20131879) as well as Edmond de S\u00e9lys Longchamps (1813\u20131900) and the English entomologist Robert McLachlan (1837\u20131904). He took part in the foundation of the Belgian Entomological Society. Lacordaire encouraged him to specialize in Elateridae on which he published revisions of which the very rare Monographie of Elateridae (four volumes, Li\u00e8ge, 1857\u20131863) is important. He was a friend of the French editor Pierre-Jules Hetzel (1814\u20131886) who pressed him to write scientific novels in order to popularize entomology to a larger audience: Aventures d'un grillon, Adventures of a cricket (Paris, 1877), La Gileppe,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Thomas Dale High School is.", "output": "Thomas Dale High School is a public high school located in Chester, an unincorporated community in Chesterfield County, Virginia, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The United States Army Security Agency (ASA) was the United States Army's signals intelligence branch from 1945 to 1976. The Latin motto of the Army Security Agency was Semper Vigilis (Vigilant Always), which echoes the declaration, often mistakenly attributed to Thomas Jefferson, that \"The price of liberty is eternal vigilance.\" Although most ASA units focused upon SIGINT (signals intelligence) most if not all ASA units contained HUMINT (human intelligence) specialists as well, mostly interrogators and counter-intelligence specialists. At the end of the Cold War era, some ASA units also were staffed with ELINT (electronic intelligence) specialists and warrant officers, which incorporated field ECM (electronic counter-measures and field ECCM (electronic counter-countermeasures) such as tactical jammers, direction finders, electronic signal decoys, and captured/repurposed Warsaw Pact radio and communications equipment. The Agency existed between 1945 and 1977 and was the successor to the Army Signals Intelligence Service, operations that dated to World War\n\nAnne Meson (born 12 May 1975) is a French show host and singer. Her mother Anne was a Russian artist and a dance teacher. Her father Jos\u00e9 was a Spanish acrobat y bailar\u00edn principal del molino rojo de Paris. In her childhood, Meson studied piano, dance but also horse riding. Her TV careers began in 1982 at 7, when she appears in several commercials. She also was a child model. Meson appeared for the first time on the silver screen in 1984, in Stress along with French actors Carole Laure and Guy Marchand. Later, she joined the casts of : L'amour ou presque (1985), La lettre perdue (1987) and Bernadette (1988). In addition to her cinema career, Meson also appeared on stage. She played in Moli\u00e8re's Le malade imaginaire, and starred in Philippe Chatel's famous musical Emilie Jolie. Two years later, Meson played as an accompanist to French rock-star Johnny\n\nEdith Taliaferro (December 21, 1894 \u2013 March 2, 1958) was an American stage and film actress of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She was active on the stage until 1935 and had roles in three silent films. She is best known for portraying the role of Rebecca in the 1910 stage production of Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm. Early life and family Taliaferro was born in Richmond, Virginia, the daughter of theatre workers. She was the younger sister of Mabel Taliaferro who also became a stage actress, and the cousin of actress Bessie Barriscale. Her ancestors were originally from England, of remote Italian descent (from the 1500s). They were one of the families who settled in Virginia in the 17th century. Career Early years Taliaferro made her acting debut at the age of two in the stock stage production of Shore Acres, with James A. Herne. It was rumored\n\nQuestion: Who was Anne Meson?", "output": "Anne Meson is a French show host and singer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Irving Allan Kanarek (May 12, 1920 \u2013 September 2, 2020) was an aerospace engineer and a criminal defense attorney, best known for representing defendants such as Charles Manson and Jimmy Lee Smith. Background Kanarek was born in Seattle. His first career was as an aerospace engineer working for North American Aviation (NAA), where he invented a corrosion inhibitor for Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid for the Army's Project Nike. In 1954, while employed as a chemical engineer for North American Aviation, Kanarek had his security clearance revoked by the Air Force on suspicion of communist associations. He successfully sued for reinstatement of the clearance and back pay. He attended the University of Washington as an undergraduate and later Loyola Law School. He was admitted to the California Bar in 1957. He married, fathered two daughters, and later divorced. A mental breakdown in 1989 led the Bar to suspend his law\n\nFlagg (Old Norse A sod of peat) is a small Peak District village and civil parish, set in the Derbyshire Dales, halfway between the small market town of Bakewell and the spa town of Buxton, in the area known as the White Peak. The population of the civil parish as taken at the 2011 Census was 192. Flagg is predominantly a farming village. As well as farms, houses and cottages, Flagg has an Elizabethan manor house, Flagg Hall, which is not open to the public. There is a caravan/campsite within its grounds. The former Unitarian church, built in 1838, is now a private dwelling. A Methodist chapel is also situated in the village. It was completed in 1839. Next to the chapel is the former village school, now a nursery school. 1000 feet above sea level, Flagg is recorded in the Domesday Book as \"Flagun\", and is believed to have\n\nJust\u00ed Guitart i Vilardeb\u00f3 (December 16, 1875 \u2013 January 30, 1940) was the Bishop of Urgell and Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra from 1920 until his death in 1940. Born in Barcelona, Guitart was ordained as a priest in 1901, and was consecrated as Bishop of Urgell on May 23, 1920. He took the oath as Prince on July 27 of the same year. During his reign, numerous improvements, such as the introduction of electricity, the construction of roads, and establishment of Spanish post offices, came to Andorra. Guitart died in Barcelona on 30 January 1940. There is a street named after him in La Seu d'Urgell called the Carrer del Bisbe Guitart. On September 9, 2009 a monument dedicated to his memory was established in Andorra. References 1875 births 1940 deaths 20th-century Princes of Andorra Clergy from Barcelona Bishops of Urgell 19th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Spain 20th-century Roman Catholic\n\nQuestion: What is Flagg, Derbyshire", "output": "Flagg  is a small Peak District village and civil parish, set in the Derbyshire Dales, halfway between the small market town of Bakewell and the spa town of Buxton, in the area known as the White Peak."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Nanticoke River is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay on the Delmarva Peninsula. It rises in southern Kent County, Delaware, flows through Sussex County, Delaware, and forms the boundary between Dorchester County, Maryland and Wicomico County, Maryland. The tidal river course proceeds southwest into the Tangier Sound, Chesapeake Bay. The river is long. A 26-mile ecotourism water trail running along the River was set aside in July 2011 by Delaware state and federal officials, contiguous with a 37-mile water-trail extending through Maryland to the Chesapeake Bay. Some of the main tributaries that feed the Nanticoke on the west-side include: Cow Creek; Jack Creek; Wapremander Creek; Marshyhope Creek; and the east side: Gravelly Fork, Gum Branch, and Broad Creek. Notable towns and communities situated along the river include Nanticoke, Bivalve, Vienna, and Sharptown in Maryland; and further north the city of Seaford, Delaware. According to a study paid for by\n\nA parade lap, also known as a pace lap, formation lap or warm-up lap, is a lap before a motorsport race begins, in which the drivers go around the track at a slow speed (usually between ), and, in some cases, behind the safety car. Purpose The lap is to ensure that track conditions are safe, and that there are no dangerous problems with the cars (including the safety car) or the circuit. The parade lap either leads to a rolling start, standing start, or back to the grid. Short circuits (such as the Brands Hatch Indy circuit layout) often have two of these laps. Overtaking is usually permitted on these laps in motorcycle racing, but not in car racing. The lap also allows the cars to warm up their tyres, which is crucial in order to be competitive during the race. Drivers will often attempt to warm up the\n\nFalcon Lodge () is the area of Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, West Midlands, England, covered in predominantly council houses forming the Falcon Lodge Estate. It is located between Whitehouse Common and Reddicap Heath. To the west of the estate lies Rectory Park. It forms part of the edge of the Sutton Coldfield conurbation and the English countryside. The estate takes its name from the house built on newly enclosed common land in 1820. In 1852 the estate comprised some of meadow, pasture and arable land. In 1937 the Sutton Coldfield Corporation acquired the house and land for \u00a339,500 for the provision of local authority housing. The resultant Falcon Lodge estate was built between 1948-1956, with the original house still standing and occupied by a family of tenants, including Annie Smith, until 1954. There are two secondary schools opposite each other: John Willmott School and Fairfax Academy. The road (Fairfax Road) on\n\nQuestion: What's Nanticoke River?", "output": "The Nanticoke River is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay on the Delmarva Peninsula."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Debi Mae West is an American voice actress for popular radio, television, animation, and video games. In 2008, she won a Spike Video Game Award for voicing Meryl Silverburgh in Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots and Tsunade in Naruto. From 1999 to 2002, she was a featured performer on Joe Frank's radio programs. Filmography Film roles Boyz Up Unauthorized Despicable Me \u2013 additional voices Digimon Frontier: Island of Lost Digimon \u2013 Kotemon Highlander: The Search for Vengeance \u2013 Dahlia (credited as Eid Lakis) Naruto Shippuden the Movie \u2013 Tsunade Naruto Shippuden the Movie: Bonds \u2013 Tsunade Naruto Shippuden the Movie: The Lost Tower \u2013 Tsunade Naruto the Movie: Blood Prison \u2013 Tsunade Naruto Shippuden the Movie: The Will of Fire \u2013 Tsunade Queer Duck: The Movie \u2013 Joan Rivers, additional voices Road to Ninja: Naruto the Movie \u2013 Tsunade The Last: Naruto the Movie \u2013 Tsunade, Akane\n\n(Hans) Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff (17 February 1699 \u2013 16 September 1753) was a painter and architect in Prussia. Knobelsdorff was born in Kuck\u00e4del, now in Krosno Odrza\u0144skie County. A soldier in the service of Prussia, he resigned his commission in 1729 as captain so that he could pursue his interest in architecture. In 1740 he travelled to Paris and Italy to study at the expense of the new king, Frederick II of Prussia. Knobelsdorff was influenced as an architect by French Baroque Classicism and by Palladian architecture. With his interior design and the backing of the king, he created the basis for the Frederician Rococo style at Rheinsberg, which was the residence of the crown prince and later monarch. Knobelsdorff was the head custodian of royal buildings and head of a privy council on financial matters. In 1746 he was dismissed by the king, and Johann Boumann finished all\n\nThe West Virginia Secondary School Activities Commission (WVSSAC, but colloquially referred to as SSAC) is the main governing body of high school sports, cheerleading, and marching bands in West Virginia, United States. For sports other than basketball schools are divided into three classes by total enrollment in grades 9-12: A (less than 450 students), AA (451-800 students), and AAA (more than 800 students), with schools re-classed every four years. Football, baseball, cheerleading, golf, softball, track, and volleyball are broken into these three classes. Soccer, Cross country, tennis, and wrestling are broken into two classes (AAA and AA/A combined). Swimming is one class only. For basketball, schools are divided into four classes. Schools have the option of playing \"up\" one class in a particular sport. The organization began with boys' basketball championships in 1914. During the decades of segregated schools in West Virginia, it excluded schools for African American students. They\n\nQuestion: What's West Virginia Secondary School Activities Commission?", "output": "The West Virginia Secondary School Activities Commission is the main governing body of high school sports, cheerleading, and marching bands in West Virginia, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Norton Malreward is a small Somerset village and civil parish south of Bristol, England at the northern edge of the Chew Valley. In 1895 Norton Malreward was combined with the neighbouring hamlet of Norton Hawkfield (also spelt Hautville) into a single parish, which has a population of 246. History Norton Malreward is listed as Nortone in the Domesday Book of 1086, meaning 'the north enclosure' (from the Old English and ). Malreward is a corruption of the Norman surname Malregard ( \u2018evil eye/glance'), that of a tenant of the bishop of Coutances in 1238. During the reign of Edward I the manor was held by John Le Sore of Backwell. Later lords of the manor included Hawisia de Burton, John de Burton, Robert Grayndor, Robert Basset and Sir William Basset. In 1701 the manor was sold to Richard Holder and sold again in 1718 to Francis Freeman and Samuel Prigg.\n\nCaroline Acheson (; 11 September 1934 \u2013 16 January 2023) was an Irish Fianna F\u00e1il politician. Career Acheson was born in Tipperary in 1934, daughter of Matt Barlow, Republican activist in the Irish War of Independence. She was educated at the Presentation Convent, Clonmel, the Convent of Mercy, Carlow and the London School of Business Studies. Acheson worked as a company director in the family business before becoming involved in politics. Acheson was elected to South Tipperary County Council in 1974. She was elected to D\u00e1il \u00c9ireann for the Tipperary South constituency at the 1981 general election, but lost her seat at the following February 1982 election. Acheson was a sister of former Senator Tras Honan. She was chairperson of the Irish Red Cross Society from 1981 to 1984. Acheson died on 16 January 2023, at the age of 88. T\u00e1naiste and former Taoiseach Miche\u00e1l Martin paid tribute to her.\n\nMetal Slug Advance is a run and gun video game for the Game Boy Advance handheld system created by SNK Playmore in 2004, and is canon to the Metal Slug series. Storyline A survival training camp for new Peregrine Falcon recruits has just begun, where the recruits must survive on an unnamed island with limited supplies and weaponry. However, a large blimp begins to hover above the island, as General Morden's troops parachute down and attempt to build a new base, while successfully capturing many of the new recruits. Players play as either new recruits Walter Ryan or Tyra Elson as the survival training soon becomes a full-fledged assignment for the remaining recruits as they pierce through enemy lines. Gameplay The gameplay is very similar to any other Metal Slug game, but with two new systems; the life system, and the card system. The life system is simply a life\n\nQuestion: What's Metal Slug Advance?", "output": "Metal Slug Advance is a run and gun video game for the Game Boy Advance handheld system created by SNK Playmore in 2004, and is canon to the Metal Slug series."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Hove amber cup is a Bronze Age cup that was discovered in a great round barrow mound that was crudely excavated in 1856, in Hove, East Sussex, England, and is now in Hove Museum and Art Gallery. It was found during the construction of Palmeira Square. The barrow was of exceptional size and quality, suggesting a date in the mid-Bronze Age. The Hove amber cup is one of only two found in Britain; the other was in Dorset. However, the two are not of the same style of craftsmanship. Dated to c. 1750-1550 BCE, the amber cup was found in a Wessex culture grave in a coffin made from a treetrunk. Also in the coffin were a skeleton, a Camerton (Wessex culture) type dagger, a whetstone and a small axe. It has been associated with a small group of other \"unstable\" cups with round bottoms, made of precious materials\n\nKay Bank Studios was a recording studio in Minneapolis, Minnesota at 2541 Nicollet Avenue, now Creation Audio. Daniel Heilicher and his brother Amos started in a business together in the 1930s, distributing and stocking jukeboxes. In 1954, they founded Soma Records (\"Amos\" backwards), and started producing records in cooperation with Vernon Bank, owner of Kay Bank Studios. Eventually a number of huge hits would come out of their efforts at the studio, including the Fendermen's \"Muleskinner Blues\", Dave Dudley's \"Six Days on the Road\", the Trashmen's \"Surfin' Bird\", and The Castaways' \"Liar, Liar\". Those last two singles were hits from Minneapolis's golden, mid-1960s era of teenage rock, and their success inspired countless garage bands to entertain dreams of one-hit-wonderdom. Among those who traveled to Minneapolis to record were Bobby Vee's band the Shadows (\"Susie Baby\"), and Chad Allan and the Reflections (later the Expressions, who became The Guess Who), who\n\nPC Exchange was a utility program for Apple Macintosh computers. It was a control panel for the classic Mac OS that lets the operating system mount FAT file systems and mapped file extensions to the user-defined type and creator codes. It was first made available in 1992 as a commercial software product from Apple, but in 1993, it was no longer a commercial product on its own, and shipped with System 7 Pro as part of Apple's push to become more compatible with Microsoft Windows. It worked transparently, mounting the disks on the desktop as if they were normal Mac disks, with the exception of the large letters PC on the icon which were visually similar to the IBM logotype. Originally only floppy disks were supported, but later versions added support for hard drives, CD-ROMs and other types of media. PC Exchange is not used in macOS, which uses a\n\nQuestion: What is Kay Bank Studios", "output": "Kay Bank Studios was a recording studio in Minneapolis, Minnesota at 2541 Nicollet Avenue, now Creation Audio."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The 1959 Hola massacre was a massacre committed by British colonial forces during the Mau Mau Uprising at a colonial detention camp in Hola, Kenya. Event Hola camp was established to house detainees classified as \"hard-core.\" By January 1959 the camp had a population of 506 detainees of whom 127 were held in a secluded \"closed camp.\" This more remote camp was reserved for the most uncooperative of the detainees. They often refused, even when threats of force were made, to join in the colonial \"rehabilitation process\" or perform manual labour or obey colonial orders. The camp commandant outlined a plan that would force 88 of the detainees to bend to work. On 3 March 1959, the camp commandant put this plan into action \u2013 as a result of which 11 of the detainees were clubbed to death by guards. All the 77 surviving detainees sustained serious permanent injuries. Attempted\n\nIn anatomy, the Curve of Spee (also called von Spee's curve or Spee's curvature) is defined as the curvature of the mandibular occlusal plane beginning at the canine and following the buccal cusps of the posterior teeth, continuing to the terminal molar. According to another definition the curve of Spee is an anatomic curvature of the occlusal alignment of the teeth, beginning at the tip of the lower incisor, following the buccal cusps of the natural premolars, and molars and continuing to the anterior border of the ramus. It is named for the German embryologist Ferdinand Graf von Spee (1855\u20131937), who was first to describe the anatomic relations of human teeth in the sagittal plane. Details The pull of the main muscle of mastication, the masseter, is at a perpendicular angle with the curve of Spee to adapt for favorable loading of force on the teeth. The long axis of\n\nBewdley Town Football Club is a football club based in Bewdley, Worcestershire, England. They are currently members of the and play at Ribbesford Meadows. History The club was established in 1978 by a merger of Bewdley Old Boys and Woodcolliers. They joined the Kidderminster & District League, where they played until joining Division One South of the West Midlands (Regional) League in 1999. The club were Division One South runners-up in 2001\u201302 and champions the following season, but were not able to take promotion. League reorganisation saw Bewdley played in Division One for the 2004\u201305 season and they went on to win the division, taking promotion to the Premier Division after agreeing a groundshare with Stourport Swifts. In 2010\u201311 the club won the Worcestershire Senior Urn, beating Studley 2\u20131 in the final. They retained the Urn the following season, beating Alvechurch 3\u20132 in the final. In 2021 the club were\n\nQuestion: What is Hola massacre", "output": "The 1959 Hola massacre was a massacre committed by British colonial forces during the Mau Mau Uprising at a colonial detention camp in Hola, Kenya."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Benedict John Kerkvliet (born 1943) is Emeritus Professor at the Department of Political and Social Change, School of International, Political & Strategic Studies, Australian National University. He works across the areas of comparative politics, Southeast Asia and Asian studies. Kerkvliet was born and raised in Montana, surrounded by working-class relatives and friends for whom political discussion and debate were part of life. After graduating from the local public high schools, he earned his B.A. at Whitman College (Walla Walla, Washington) and his M.A. and Ph.D. at University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison. He taught at the University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa) for nearly twenty years before joining the Australian National University in 1992 where he was a Professor and Head of the Department of Political and Social Change, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies. Kerkvliet currently resides in Hawai\u02bbi with his wife Melinda. Research Kerkvliet is fascinated with how ordinary people deal\n\nThe prime minister of the Independent State of Samoa () is the head of government of Samoa. The prime minister is a member of the Legislative Assembly, and is appointed by the O le Ao o le Malo (Head of State) for a five-year term. Since independence in 1962, a total of seven individuals have served as prime minister. The incumbent was disputed due to the 2021 constitutional crisis, when Tuila'epa Sa'ilele Malielegaoi refused to accept the results of the 2021 general election. On 23 July 2021, the Samoan Court of Appeal ruled that the Fa\u02bbatuatua i le Atua Samoa ua Tasi (FAST) party had been in government since 24 May. Tuila'epa then conceded defeat, resulting in FAST party leader Fiam\u0113 Naomi Mata\u02bbafa becoming prime minister. History of the office Colonial period The first prime minister during the colonial period was Albert Barnes Steinberger, who originally represented the American government\n\nEdward Patterson (born 22 September 1961 in Belfast), better known as Eddie Patterson is the former manager of NIFL Premiership clubs Cliftonville and Glentoran. He was relieved of his duties as Glentoran manager on Saturday 17 October 2015. Despite winning two Irish Cups in three years, the club highlighted deteriorating league positions and performances as the main reason for his dismissal. Early life Patterson, from the Bruslee Way/Pinkerton Walk area of the New Lodge Road, was brought up in Belfast. He now lives in Glengormley. In the 1970s, he played midfield for Newington Football Club in the Down and Connor League, along with John McAuley, Gary Higgins and Paddy McCoy, all of whom were later to emulate him by playing for Irish League teams. Patterson went on to have a spell playing intermediate football for Chimney Corner under former Cliftonville boss Lawrence Stitt. Cliftonville Patterson took temporary charge of The\n\nQuestion: What is Prime Minister of Samoa", "output": "The prime minister of the Independent State of Samoa is the head of government of Samoa."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Living Shangri-La is a mixed-use skyscraper in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and is the tallest building in the city and province. The 62-storey Shangri-La tower contains a 5-star hotel and its offices on the first 15 floors, with condominium apartment units occupying the rest of the tower. The building's podium complex also includes a spa, Urban Fare specialty grocery store, a Vancouver Art Gallery public display, and a curated public sculpture garden. The high-rise stands tall and there is a private roof garden on floor 61. It is the 44th tallest building in Canada. As part of the development deal, the Coastal Church, built in 1919 and located at the west end of the site, underwent a $4.4million restoration. Hotel The Shangri-La Hotel Vancouver is a full-service hotel that is part of the building. It is a member of the Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts chain, and is Shangri-La's first\n\nAntidepressants are a class of medications used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic pain, and addiction. Common side effects of antidepressants include dry mouth, weight gain, dizziness, headaches, akathisia, sexual dysfunction, and emotional blunting. There is an increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior when taken by children, adolescents, and young adults. Discontinuation syndrome, which resembles recurrent depression in the case of the SSRI class, may occur after stopping the intake of any antidepressant, having effects which may be permanent and irreversible. Research regarding the effectiveness of antidepressants for depression in adults is controversial and has found both benefits and drawbacks. Meanwhile, evidence of benefit in children and adolescents is unclear, even though antidepressant use has considerably increased in children and adolescents in the 2000s. While a 2018 study found that the 21 most commonly prescribed antidepressant medications were slightly more effective than placebos for the short-term (acute)\n\nPaonias myops, the small-eyed sphinx, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. The species was first described by James Edward Smith in 1797. Distribution It is found from south-eastern Canada to Florida and westward almost to the Pacific Coast. It is also known from Mexico. Description The wingspan is 52\u201369 mm. Adults are more nocturnal than most sphingids; after an initial bout of activity after dusk, they fly throughout the night. Adults are on wing from June to September in eastern Canada. In New Jersey, there are two generations per year and there are four generations in Louisiana. Subspecies Paonias myops myops Paonias myops occidentalis Clark, 1919 (Mexico) References Fullard, James H. & Napoleone, Nadia (2001): Diel flight periodicity and the evolution of auditory defences in the Macrolepidoptera. Animal Behaviour 62(2): 349\u2013368. PDF fulltext External links Midnight racer on National Geographic. Paonias Moths described in 1797 Moths of North America\n\nQuestion: What is Living Shangri-La", "output": "Living Shangri-La is a mixed-use skyscraper in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and is the tallest building in the city and province."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Destak is a Portuguese free daily newspaper that runs in Portugal and Brazil. In Portugal, it is distributed in Lisbon, Porto and Coimbra, and also other Portuguese cities. In Brazil, it was distributed in S\u00e3o Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bras\u00edlia, Campinas and Recife. It is the first free newspaper in Portugal (excluding some local publications, such as free university student journals), prior to the Portuguese edition of Metro International. The paper is chiefly offered at rail and subway stations, but also at cafeterias, universities, offices and hospitals. It has also an online newspaper. History and profile Destak was launched in September 2001 by Ant\u00f3nio Stilwell Zilh\u00e3o, Francisco Pinto Barbosa and Gon\u00e7alo Sousa Uva as a weekly newspaper, and became a daily newspaper in November 2004. The paper is part of Cofina. Following the Portuguese success Destak was launched in Brazil in the cities of S\u00e3o Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bras\u00edlia,\n\n\"How Did it Ever Come to This?\" was the last single released by the British band Easyworld. It did not appear on their second and final album Kill the Last Romantic, because it had not yet been written. The band's record label Jive decided the band should record a new track as it was felt none of the tracks on the album were suitable for release. The single charted at #50 in September 2004, missing the top 40 after \"Til the Day\" charted at #27 in February. Easyworld announced their split the following week, though this had been decided in July, after lead singer David Ford informed all concerned that he wished to pursue a solo career. The eventual announcement of the band's split came by accident, after Mark Lamarr revealed the news live on Radio 2. The CD single contains a cover of Candi Staton's \"Young Hearts Run Free\"\n\nInguinal orchiectomy (also named orchidectomy) is a specific method of orchiectomy whereby one or both testicles and the full spermatic cord are surgically removed through an incision in the lower lateral abdomen (the \"inguinal region\"). The procedure is generally performed by a urologist, typically if testicular cancer is suspected. Often it is performed as same-day surgery, with the patient returning home within hours of the procedure. Some patients elect to have a prosthetic testicle inserted into their scrotum. Depending on whether or not a prosthetic testicle is put in place of the original one, operating times run on average from three to six hours. A 4\u20136 cm incision is made above the pubic bone on the side corresponding to the testicle to be removed. This incision runs obliquely midway between the pubic tubercle and the anterior superior iliac spine. The incision is extended down through the fat until the external\n\nQuestion: What is Inguinal orchiectomy", "output": "Inguinal orchiectomy is a specific method of orchiectomy whereby one or both testicles and the full spermatic cord are surgically removed through an incision in the lower lateral abdomen."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "List of Registered Historic Places in Bronx County, New York (Borough of The Bronx): This is intended to be a complete list of the 76 properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Bronx County, New York. The locations of National Register properties and districts (at least for all showing latitude and longitude coordinates below) may be seen in a map by clicking on \"Map of all coordinates\". Seven of the properties and districts are further designated National Historic Landmarks. Current listings |} See also Statewide: National Register of Historic Places listings in New York Citywide: Manhattan, Queens, Staten Island, Brooklyn List of New York City Designated Landmarks in The Bronx References External links A useful list of the above sites, with street addresses and other information, is available at Bronx County listing, at National Register of Historic Places.Com, a private site serving up public domain\n\nStaring is a prolonged gaze or fixed look. In staring, one subject or person is the continual focus of visual interest, for an amount of time. Staring can be interpreted as being either hostile like disapproval of another's behavior, or the result of intense concentration, interest or affection. Staring behavior can be considered as a form of aggression like when it is an invasion of an individual's privacy in certain contexts, or as a nonverbal cue to convey feelings of attraction in a social setting. The resultant behavior or action defines whether it is aggressive in nature (e.g. leering that results in street harassment), passive or active expression of attraction, etc. However, to some extent staring often occurs accidentally, and often a person would be simply staring into a space for awareness, or could be lost in thought, stupefied, or be unable to see. As such, the meaning of a\n\nBoulevard des Allumetti\u00e8res (formerly called Boulevard Saint-Laurent) is a major 13.7 km arterial road in Gatineau, Quebec, Canada, that connects Aylmer and Hull sectors of the city running from Eardley Road to the Alexandra Bridge towards Ottawa. It is the most recent east-west arterial connection from the West to the downtown core and construction of the entire length was completed during the fall of 2007. Early years This road was built in the late 1990s to serve as a by-pass of the Aylmer sector as well as a quicker route for Route 148 which is the number assigned for this route. While it contains at-grade intersections, it may be upgraded to Autoroute 50. The western end of the road is at the intersection of the former section of Highway/Route 148 (Chemin Eardley). Initially, in the 1970s, it was part of a larger route planned to connect Aylmer to downtown Hull\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Staring is.", "output": "Staring is a prolonged gaze or fixed look."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Deidre Rubenstein (born 1948) is an Australian television and theatre actress, as well as a dramatist and playwright well known for her performance in Australian soap operas and main stage dramatic roles. She has won the Australian Film Institute (AFI) Award as Best Actress. Rubenstein graduated from the National Institute of Dramatic Art in 1967 and has worked extensively in live theatre, television, films and as a narrator of audio books. She has produced a significant body of work as a narrator of audio books and has won several awards in this field. Television work Rubenstein has worked in television comedies, drama, mini-series and TV movies. In 1970 she appeared in an episode of Homicide. She played a guest role in Prisoner (1979\u201380), as terrorist Janet Dominguez. In 2004 Rubenstein played the scheming Svetlanka Ristic in the soap opera Neighbours. Filmography Film Television Theatre Rubenstein's career in the theatre includes\n\nBarclay College is a private Quaker college in Haviland, Kansas. It is known for ministry degrees but offers degrees in other professional fields. Since the fall of 2007, the college has offered full-tuition scholarships to students who enroll full-time and pay to live in the residence halls. History In 1917, evangelist and teacher Scott T. Clark founded the Kansas Central Bible Training School on the site of Haviland Friends Academy, a Quaker high school in Haviland, Kansas. A two-year junior college course was added in 1925, and the name was changed in 1930 to Friends Bible College to more fully reflect the growing mission of the institution. By 1968, the school's vision put an emphasis on the four-year institution, leading to closure of the high school program and an effort to secure necessary faculty and facilities. This effort received general recognition in 1975 with the granting of full accreditation by\n\nKnowledge integration is the process of synthesizing multiple knowledge models (or representations) into a common model (representation). Compared to information integration, which involves merging information having different schemas and representation models, knowledge integration focuses more on synthesizing the understanding of a given subject from different perspectives. For example, multiple interpretations are possible of a set of student grades, typically each from a certain perspective. An overall, integrated view and understanding of this information can be achieved if these interpretations can be put under a common model, say, a student performance index. The Web-based Inquiry Science Environment (WISE), from the University of California at Berkeley has been developed along the lines of knowledge integration theory. Knowledge integration has also been studied as the process of incorporating new information into a body of existing knowledge with an interdisciplinary approach. This process involves determining how the new information and the existing knowledge interact,\n\nQuestion: Define Barclay College.", "output": "Barclay College is a private Quaker college in Haviland, Kansas."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hobart Ray Brown, (February 27, 1934 \u2013 November 7, 2007) was an American sculptor and the founder of Kinetic Sculpture Racing. Early years Hobart Brown was born in Hess, Oklahoma, to a fifteen-year-old mother who migrated across country to California on the back of her husband's motorcycle. He later described it as his classic Okie experience, mirroring the great migration captured in John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath and other stories of the Dust Bowl years. Brown went to high school in Los Angeles a couple of classes after Marilyn Monroe, whom he remembered by her real name and described as \"a quiet, plain little thing \u2013 not at all what she became later.\" Adult life After a stint as an airplane mechanic with the U.S. Army in Cambrai \u2013 Fritsh Kaserne Darmstadt, Germany, and time spent running hot rods with his friends on local empty roads, he become an\n\nDana Hall School is an independent boarding and day school for girls in grades 5-12 located in Wellesley, Massachusetts. Founded in 1881 by Henry F. Durant, Dana Hall originally served as Wellesley College's preparatory program. Notable alumnae Princess Aisha bint Al Hussein (1986), princess of Jordan Alice Balch Abbot (1880s), children's writer Dorcas Brigham (1914), botanist and horticulturist Margaret Wise Brown (1928), children's author of Goodnight Moon Rosario Ferr\u00e9 (1956), author, contributing editor of The San Juan Star, and former First Lady of Puerto Rico Nina Garcia (1983), fashion director at Elle magazine, judge on Project Runway, and author Helen Hartness Flanders (1909), folklorist Busty Heart, entertainment personality Ange Kagame, First Daughter of Rwanda Opal Kunz (1914), aviator Mar\u00eda Corina Machado, Venezuelan activist and politician Lila Mayoral, former First Lady of Puerto Rico Alley Mills, actress Sharon Olds (1960), Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Madelyn Renee, soprano opera singer Hillary Bailey Smith\n\nJason Alan Bradbury (born 10 April 1969) is a British television presenter and children's author, best known for presenting shows such as the Channel 5 technology programme The Gadget Show and the BBC One game show Don't Scare the Hare. In 2016, Bradbury presented several rounds of the Tour Series cycling competition for ITV4. His first book, Dot Robot, was published on 5 February 2009 and his second novel in the Dot Robot series of techno-thrillers, Atomic Swarm, was published on 1 February 2010. The third book, Cyber Gold was published on 7 April 2011. He is on the judging panels for the BAFTA Video Games Awards and the Media Guardian Innovation Awards. Television Bradbury's first ever television show was a cable show called Tellywest, where he worked alongside Sacha Baron Cohen. He has also hosted shows on Bravo (UK TV channel) including Mercenaries in 2001/2002 (later repeated on the\n\nQuestion: What is Dana Hall School", "output": "Dana Hall School is an independent boarding and day school for girls in grades 5-12 located in Wellesley, Massachusetts."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Acyl Ahmat Akhabach (1944\u20131982) was a Chadian Arab militia leader during the Chadian Civil War. He was the head of the Democratic Revolutionary Council until his death in 1982, and served as the foreign minister in Goukouni Oueddei's government. Volcan Army Under the Tombalbaye government, Acyl had been a National Assembly deputy from Batha. In 1976 he joined the small Arab-dominated Volcan Army. With the support of Muammar Gaddafi, Libya's president, he opposed the group's leader, Mohamed Baghlani, and when the latter died in a traffic accident in Tripoli in 1977, promptly became the new leader of the militia. From that moment, he was known as Gaddafi's man in Chad. Acyl rapidly strengthened his militia, which became famous for the quality of its fighters and garnered increasing support among the Baggara element in the country. Libya's support was also important to Acyl's group, which from 1978 became bigger and steadier\n\nThe European Air Group (EAG) is an independent defence organisation, formed by the Air Forces of its seven member states: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. The EAG is focused on improving interoperability between the air forces of EAG and partner states. History The origins of the EAG extend back to the 1991 Gulf War, during which the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force (RAF) and France's Arm\u00e9e de l\u2019Air (French Air Force or FAF) worked closely together on a range of operations. Subsequently, the two Air Forces collaborated again, this time on missions in support of United Nations forces in the former Yugoslavia and in operations over Bosnia-Herzegovina. As a result of these experiences, both France and the UK realised that to improve their level of interoperability, a new organization was needed that would provide focus and momentum. Consequently, the intention to form the Franco-British European\n\nThe Worth Way is a footpath and bridleway linking the West Sussex towns of Crawley and East Grinstead via the village of Crawley Down. Mostly following the trackbed of a disused railway the path is an important wildlife corridor. It is part of the National Cycle Network. History The Worth Way follows for much of its route part of the course of a dismantled railway - the Three Bridges to Tunbridge Wells Central Line - which opened in 1855 and closed in 1967 as a result of the programme of closures put forward by East Grinstead resident and British Transport Commission Chairman, Richard Beeching. By 1977 West Sussex County Council had purchased almost of the line, mostly in the parish of Worth. On 10 July 1979 much of the route was officially reopened as footpath and bridleway. The reopening came, however, too late for two sections of the route which\n\nQuestion: What's European Air Group?", "output": "The European Air Group is an independent defence organisation, formed by the Air Forces of its seven member states: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, insects, and fungi with the intent to kill, harm or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war. Biological weapons (often termed \"bio-weapons\", \"biological threat agents\", or \"bio-agents\") are living organisms or replicating entities (i.e. viruses, which are not universally considered \"alive\"). Entomological (insect) warfare is a subtype of biological warfare. Offensive biological warfare in international armed conflicts is a war crime under the 1925 Geneva Protocol and several international humanitarian law treaties. In particular, the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) bans the development, production, acquisition, transfer, stockpiling and use of biological weapons. In contrast, defensive biological research for prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purposes is not prohibited by the BWC. Biological warfare is distinct from warfare involving other types of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), including nuclear\n\n'DibenzylideneacetoneDibenzylideneacetone or dibenzalacetone, often abbreviated dba''', is an organic compound with the formula C17H14O. It is a pale-yellow solid insoluble in water, but soluble in ethanol. It was first prepared in 1881 by the German chemist Rainer Ludwig Claisen (1851\u20131930) and the Swiss chemist Charles-Claude-Alexandre Clapar\u00e8de (14 April 1858 \u2013 1 November 1913).Claisen wrote that the German chemist Adolf Baeyer might have synthesized dibenzylideneacetone as early as 1866, although the evidence wasn't clear. (Claisen & Clapar\u00e8de, 1881), p. 350: \"Die Einwirkung wasserentziehender Mittel auf ein solches Gemenge ist schon von Baeyer1) fl\u00fcchtig untersucht worden. Nach ihm entsteht als Endprodukt ein gelbes, in Alkohol unl\u00f6sliches Harz, als Zwischenprodukt ein \u00f6lf\u00f6rmiger, unzersetzt siedender und cumarinartig riechender K\u00f6rper, der, wie er meint, das Methylketon der Zimmts\u00e4ure darstellt.\" (The effect of a dehydrating agent on such a mixture has already been briefly investigated by Baeyer1). According to him, a yellow resin [that's] insoluble in\n\nBeyond Divinity is an action role-playing game by Larian Studios released in 2004. It is a sequel to Divine Divinity. A Deluxe Edition was also released that same year, containing copies of both Beyond Divinity and Divine Divinity. In 2009 a digital download version was released, equivalent to the updated disc version. The game was released for Mac OS X on 15 November 2013. Gameplay The gameplay is heavily based on Divine Divinity, but adds the ability for the player to control two characters, each with their own stats and equipment. Beyond Divinity is divided into four acts; the first was designed to be relatively linear, but it opens up towards the end, and later acts have much more freedom of movement. The player can acquire a new summoning doll in each act, allowing the player to summon a specific creature, including a skeleton doll in Act 1 capable of\n\nQuestion: Define Biological warfare.", "output": "Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, insects, and fungi with the intent to kill, harm or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Brachypodosaurus (meaning \"short-footed lizard\") is a dubious genus of dinosaur, possibly an ornithischian, from the Late Cretaceous Lameta Formation (Maastrichtian) in India. The only remains discovered so far for this animal consist of a single fossil bone, excavated at the Chota Simla Hill near Jabalpur. In 1934, geologist Dhirendra Kishore Chakravarti, of the Geological Museum of the Banaras Hindu University, considered it a humerus, of a stegosaurian. He named it as the type species Brachypodosaurus gravis. The generic name is derived from Greek \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03cd\u03c2, brachys, \"short\", and \u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, pous, \"foot\". The specific name gravis means \"heavy\" in Latin. Chakravarti hereby became the first local scientist to name a dinosaur. The holotype is IM V9. The bone is over a foot long. Chakravarti based his identification of the element as a humerus on the presence of a large crest on the shaft, which he took for the deltopectoral crest. The status\n\nThe School of Accounting and Finance (SAF) at University of Waterloo is a professional school within the Faculty of Arts. The School was established in 1980 under the name 'School of Accountancy'. Its name was changed in 2008 to better reflect its program offering. Today, more than 1,600 students are enrolled in the School's programs. In September 2009, a new building was officially opened to house the School. The School of Accounting and Finance offers the largest accounting and finance undergraduate cooperative education (co-op) program in Canada. The School's Master of Accounting (MAcc) Program allows students to complete all required Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA) modules within eight months, and is only open to students who complete the School's undergrad programs. MAcc graduates only need to challenge (and pass) the Common Final Examination and accumulate the required professional experiences in order to become a CPA. MAcc and industry experiences gained from\n\nThe Girl of the Uchter Moor, also known as Moora, is the name given to a female Iron Age bog body discovered in 2000 in marshland near Uchte, Germany. The remains include vertebrae, hair and skull pieces. The studies of the body began in 2005. The radiocarbon dating performed at the University of Kiel showed that Moora had died between 764 and 515 BCE. Despite common Iron Age burial practices, the body was not cremated. All of the body parts are estimated to have been found except for one scapula. Before DNA analysis and radiocarbon dating, the body was initially believed to be that of a sixteen-year-old girl, Elke Kerll, who had disappeared in 1969 after going to a dance club. Analysis Moora was determined to be between 17 and 19 years old at the time of her death. She was left-handed. The analysis of Moora's skeleton revealed she had\n\nQuestion: What is Brachypodosaurus", "output": "Brachypodosaurus is a dubious genus of dinosaur, possibly an ornithischian, from the Late Cretaceous Lameta Formation in India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Institute for Workers' Control was founded in 1968 by Tony Topham and Ken Coates, the latter then a leader of the International Marxist Group and subsequently professor at the University of Nottingham and a member of the European Parliament from 1989 until 1999. The Institute drew together shop stewards and militant workers to discuss workers' control of production. It grew out of the Workers' Control Conferences organised from 1964 by Voice of the Unions and the Centre for Socialist Education. From around 100 at the first meeting in Nottingham, the figure grew to some 1200 in 1969. The Institute won sponsorship from a number of trade union leaders, including Hugh Scanlon. In the later opinion of the International Marxist Group's journal, the Institute over-accommodated to its sponsors and failed to organise its supporters: \"only 26 people attended the AGM in 1970, and affiliation and membership fees have been maintained\n\nJohn Theodore Goddard (1879\u201327 November 1952) was an English solicitor and founder of the law firm Theodore Goddard (TG) based in London. The firm merged with Addleshaw Booth & Co on 1 May 2003 to become Addleshaw Goddard. Goddard was appointed by Wallis Simpson as an adviser to her during divorce proceedings and in relation to her involvement during the United Kingdom abdication Crisis of 1936. Origins Born Highbury, London in 1879, according to census data John Theodore Goddard lived at 106 Highbury New Park, London in 1901 with his widowed mother and siblings. At the age of 22 he was a solicitor's articled clerk. Later he lived at Hewitt's Farm, now \"The Farmhouse\" public house in Langshott Lane, Horley. As a young man of 24, Goddard founded the practice of Theodore Goddard & Co in 1902. For some years, he practised on his own account from offices in Clement's\n\nThe Cambodian campaign (also known as the Cambodian incursion and the Cambodian liberation) was a series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia in mid-1970 by South Vietnam and the United States as an expansion of the Vietnam War and the Cambodian Civil War. Thirteen operations were conducted by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) between April 29 and July 22 and by U.S. forces between May 1 and June 30, 1970. The objective of the campaign was the defeat of the approximately 40,000 troops of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong (VC) in the eastern border regions of Cambodia. Cambodian neutrality and military weakness made its territory a safe zone where PAVN/VC forces could establish bases for operations over the border. With the US shifting toward a policy of Vietnamization and withdrawal, it sought to shore up the South Vietnamese government by eliminating\n\nQuestion: Define Cambodian campaign.", "output": "The Cambodian campaign was a series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia in mid-1970 by South Vietnam and the United States as an expansion of the Vietnam War and the Cambodian Civil War."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kurt Anthony Bevacqua (; born January 23, 1947) is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as an infielder from 1971 to 1985. Bevacqua is notable for his performance during the 1984 World Series when he hit two home runs and had a .412 batting average as the San Diego Padres' designated hitter. He also played for the Mayaguez Indians in the Puerto Rican Professional Baseball League from 1977 to 1981. Early years Bevacqua was originally drafted by the New York Mets in the 32nd round of the 1966 Major League Baseball Draft and the Atlanta Braves in the sixth round of the January secondary phase of the 1967 Major League Baseball Draft, but did not sign with either team. After leading Miami Dade College to the FJCC baseball tournament, he finally signed with the Cincinnati Reds, who selected him in the twelfth round of\n\nAdolphe K\u00e9gresse (1879, H\u00e9ricourt, Haute-Sa\u00f4ne - 1943) was a French military engineer who invented the half-track and dual clutch transmission. Born at H\u00e9ricourt, and educated in Montb\u00e9liard, he moved in 1905 to Saint Petersburg, Russia to work for the Russian Tsar Nicholas II. To improve the mobility of the imperial car park, he invented the K\u00e9gresse track to modify normal motor vehicles into half-tracks. He was also a personal chauffeur of Tsar Nicholas II and the Head of the Mechanical Department of the Russian Imperial Garage at Tsarskoye Selo. The Aide-de-camp to Tsar Nicholas II, Prince Orlov wrote in a letter to the Tsar's Minister of the Court on May 15, 1914: \"... I consider K\u00e9gresse an irreplaceable worker and I am afraid his leaving will be a great loss for the garage. Your Highness knows, of course, how much His Majesty appreciates K\u00e9gresse.\" In 1908, the architect Lipsky VA\n\nLiu Dai (died 192), courtesy name Gongshan, was a Chinese politician who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Life Liu Dai was from Mouping County (\u725f\u5e73\u7e23), Donglai Commandery (\u6771\u840a\u90e1), which is in present-day Muping District, Yantai, Shandong. He served as a Palace Attendant (\u4f8d\u4e2d) and the Inspector of Yan Province (\u5157\u5dde\u523a\u53f2) under the Han dynasty. In the spring of 190, Liu Dai joined the coalition of warlords led by Yuan Shao to oppose Dong Zhuo, a tyrannical warlord who controlled the central government and held Emperor Xian hostage. Later Liu Dai had disagreements with Qiao Mao, the Administrator of Dong Commandery, so he killed Qiao Mao and replaced him with Wang Gong (\u738b\u80b1). Liu Dai then arranged for marriages between his family and the clans of Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan. Yuan Shao allowed his family members to stay with Liu Dai, while Gongsun Zan sent his\n\nQuestion: What's Adolphe K\u00e9gresse?", "output": "Adolphe K\u00e9gresse was a French military engineer who invented the half-track and dual clutch transmission."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Elsdon Storey is an Australian neurologist, former Rhodes Scholar & Professor of Neurology at Monash University. His clinical and research interests are in neurogenetics (especially the hereditary ataxias) and behavioural neurology (especially the dementias). After clinical neurology training in Oxford and Melbourne, and research training at Oxford, Massachusetts General Hospital and with Colin Masters at Melbourne University, Storey was appointed as the first Van Cleef Roet Professor of Neuroscience at Monash in 1996. He is also Head of the Alfred Neurology Unit. He is on the Council of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Neurologists as Neurology Co-Editor of their official Journal (the Journal of Clinical Neuroscience), and the Boards of the Brain Foundation, Neurosciences Victoria, and the Bethlehem-Griffiths Foundation. In the 2022 Australia Day Honours, he was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for \"significant service to medicine in the field of neurology, and to professional\n\nDulce y Picante (Spanish for Sweet and Spicy) is a 1998 album from Alberto Naranjo. Track listing Personnel Alberto Naranjo - arranger, director, drums, timbales Pablo Ortiz - piano Jorge Del Pino - bass Julio Flores, Jorge Rivera, Horacio Mogoll\u00f3n, Evencio Villamizar, Bautista Vivas Chac\u00f3n - saxes Jos\u00e9 Rodr\u00edguez, Agust\u00edn Vald\u00e9s, Nelson Contreras, Figueredo Zerpa - trumpets C\u00e9sar P\u00e9rez, Gilberto Betancourt, Oscar Mendoza, Antonio Ponte - trombones Gerardo Rosales - congas Antonio Rond\u00f3n - bongo and percussion Vocals Juan Jos\u00e9 Capella (on 10.a, 12.a, 12.c) Arturo Guaramato (on (3, 10.c, 12.f) Carlos Esp\u00f3sito (on 6, 10.b, 12.d) Carlos Daniel Palacios (on 2, 4, 12.b) Javier Plaza (on 7, 12.e) Special guests Graciela Naranjo (vocals on track 13) Elisa Soteldo (vocals on track 13) Personnel on track 14 Luis Alfonzo Larrain - band leader Jes\u00fas Camacaro and/or Manuel Ramos, Efra\u00edn Leal, Luis Moros, C\u00e9sar Viera, Rafael Albornoz, Enrique Palau, Joseph Kastz,\n\nAnnbank is a village in South Ayrshire, Scotland. It is around five miles east of Ayr. Originally a mining settlement, it once had a rail link to Ayr via the Auchincruive Waggonway. The village has a village hall, bakery, shop, bowling green, junior football club (Annbank United) and a pub. The pub is known as \"Tap o'the Brae\" which in May 2014 won Ayrshire pub of the year. Weston Bridge Halt railway station was located at the bridge of that name near Annbank and stood close to Ayr Colliery No.9. It was used by miners travelling to their respective collieries. Annbank House once overlooked the River Ayr and Gadgirth Holm however it was demolished after use as a hotel. Gadgirth Old Ha' stood on the River Ayr close to Privick Mill and the old Gadgirth House. The Castle and Barony of Gadgirth was once located beside the River Ayr to\n\nQuestion: What is Elsdon Storey?", "output": "Elsdon Storey  is an Australian neurologist, former Rhodes Scholar & Professor of Neurology at Monash University."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Karlaplan is an open park-plaza area in \u00d6stermalm in central Stockholm, Sweden. History Lindhagenplanen was a general plan presented with a proposal for street regulation in Stockholm in 1866 by a committee headed by the lawyer and politician Albert Lindhagen (1823-1887). Construction of Karlaplan started in 1896. It was designed in the image of Place de l'\u00c9toile in Paris. The plaza is named in honour of three Swedish kings: Karl X Gustav, Karl XI and Karl XII. In the late 1920s, plans proposed by architect Ragnar Hjorth (1887-1971) provided for with a circular basin and a fountain. In 1930, the large fountain basin was started, which is slightly recessed in relation to the surrounding street level. During World War I, planting was supplemented with chestnut and poplar trees while the park was also used to cultivate vegetables. Flygarmonumentet, a monument designed in 1931 by sculptor Carl Milles (1875\u20131955), is located\n\nJRun is a J2EE application server, originally developed in 1997 as a Java Servlet engine by Live Software and subsequently purchased by Allaire, who brought out the first J2EE compliant version. It was acquired by Macromedia prior to its 2001 takeover of Allaire, and subsequently by Adobe Systems when it bought Macromedia in 2005. Its latest patch Updater 7 was released by Adobe in 2007. Updater 7 added Sun JDK 1.6 support, Apache 2.2 support, Windows Vista/IIS7 support and Mac OS X 10.4 on Intel support. Adobe announced in August 2007 that it would discontinue new feature development for JRun. The ColdFusion team will continue to make changes to its underlying Java engine as required for ColdFusion 9 but have replaced JRun in favor of Apache Tomcat in ColdFusion 10. External links Adobe JRun 4 Adobe announce end of new feature development JRun definition (Whatis.com) JRun Web server software jRun\n\nBrown-brown is a purported form of cocaine or amphetamine insufflation mixed with smokeless gunpowder. This powder often contains nitroglycerin, a drug prescribed for heart conditions, which might cause vasodilation, permitting the cocaine or amphetamine insufflation to move more freely through the body. This, in turn, is believed to allow for a more intense high. The term may also refer to heroin. Brown-brown is reportedly given to child soldiers before West African armed conflicts. One former child soldier, Michel Chikwanine, has written a graphic novel with Jessica Dee Humphreys called Child Soldier, about the experience of being captured at the age of 5 by rebel fighters in the Democratic Republic of Congo, including being given brown-brown. \"The rebel soldier who had hit me used a long, jagged knife to cut my wrist and rubbed powder into the wound. They called it Brown Brown \u2013 a mixture of gunpowder and a drug\n\nQuestion: What's Karlaplan?", "output": "Karlaplan is an open park-plaza area in \u00d6stermalm in central Stockholm, Sweden."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "John Ross Rosenblatt (December 25, 1907\u2013 October 29, 1979) was an American civic leader, the mayor of Omaha, Nebraska, from 1954 to 1961. His name remains synonymous with baseball in Omaha, and Rosenblatt Stadium was named after him. Rosenblatt led his hometown with warmth and optimism; one of six children born to Jewish immigrant parents, he started selling newspapers at age seven. He seemed a natural salesman, whether it was pitching papers, the municipal stadium project or the city at large. Rosenblatt was more than just a baseball fan, he was a top outfielder in amateur and semipro leagues for nearly 20 years. He played many games at Rourke Park near 15th and Vinton, the predecessor to Municipal Stadium. As a semipro player, under the name Johnny Ross, Rosenblatt faced Satchel Paige, the famed Negro league pitcher. \u201cI never saw a pitch travel so fast in all my life,\u201d he\n\nColin Anthony Greenall (born 30 December 1963) is an English former professional footballer who made over 600 Football League appearances between 1980 and 1999. Starting his career at Blackpool as an apprentice, Greenall had spells at Gillingham, Oxford United, Bury, Preston North End, Chester City and Lincoln City before finishing his career at his hometown club, Wigan Athletic. Playing career Blackpool Billinge-born Greenall made his professional debut with Blackpool on 23 September 1980, at the age of 16 years and 237 days, becoming the club's then-youngest-ever league player (a record broken by Trevor Sinclair in 1989). Three days later, he appeared in a League Cup game against Everton at Goodison Park. Greenall was one of a host of young players brought to Blackpool by Alan Ball during his short managerial reign at the club. Unlike most of the others, however, he remained at the club for years and developed into\n\nSkunk Records is a Long Beach, California based record label that was founded by Michael \"Miguel\" Happoldt and Bradley Nowell in 1990. The label also operates a subsidiary, Cornerstone R.A.S. The record label originally produced records for Sublime and the Ziggens. The label also produces records for Long Beach Dub Allstars, Long Beach Shortbus, and Burn Unit. On September 16, 2009, Suburban Noize Records purchased Skunk Records and its catalog for an undisclosed sum. Artists Sublime Awol One The Beautiful Girls Burn Unit Corn Doggy Dog and the 1/2 Pound Das Klown Del Noah & the Mt. Ararat Finks Falling Idols Filibuster Frank Jordan Juice Bros. LAW Long Beach Allday Long Beach Dub Allstars Long Beach Shortbus Jack Maness Mishka Monsieur Leroc Mystic Roots Band Pepper Perro Bravo Philieano Secret Hate Slightly Stoopid Toko Tasi Volcano The Ziggens See also List of record labels References External links Slightly Stoopid interview\n\nQuestion: Who is Colin Greenall", "output": "Colin Anthony Greenall is an English former professional footballer who made over 600 Football League appearances between 1980 and 1999."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Pharos-Tribune is a Monday through Saturday (Weekend Edition) morning newspaper based in Logansport, Indiana, covering Cass County, Indiana. The newspaper and its commercial printing facility in Logansport's Industrial Park are owned by Community Newspaper Holdings Inc. History Early Pharos The forerunner of the newspaper presently serving the six-county area was a four-page publication printed on a crude hand press brought to Logansport on a riverboat from Ohio by Samuel A. Hall in 1844. The journeyman printer christened his paper the Democratic Pharos and the first issue of the six-column paper appeared July 24 of that year. The competition among newspapers in Cass County was exceptionally fierce. Some publications lasted only a few months; some lived for a few years. The list of discontinued newspapers undoubtedly offered 20-year-old Hall little encouragement that his publication would continue through the years, but it has. Hall's staunch Democratic Party beliefs were reflected in\n\nMadder Rose is a New York City-based alternative rock band who recorded in the 1990s. After a 20-year hiatus, a new album was released in September 2019. The band is fronted by Mary Lorson, who shares songwriting duties with guitarist Billy Cot\u00e9. The two singer/songwriters continued their collaboration after Madder Rose disbanded in 1999, Cot\u00e9 as guitarist and producer on Lorson's three albums with Saint Low, Lorson as guest vocalist on Cot\u00e9's Jazz Cannon album. Lorson and Cot\u00e9 have also created the original scores to several films, notably HBO's documentary What Remains: The Life and Work of Sally Mann, and in 2008, they released an album with Kathy Ziegler as the Piano Creeps. The name Madder Rose came from the herb-based paint rose madder. Many of their songs, including \"Panic On\" and \"Car Song\", were featured in John Peel's end-of-year round-up, the Festive Fifty, major feature films, and television shows.\n\nKenya Rugby Union (KRU) is the governing body for rugby union in Kenya. It was founded in 1970 and is affiliated to Rugby Africa and the international governing body World Rugby. KRU is responsible for the running of the Kenya national rugby union team, domestic club and school rugby competitions. The union shares a home ground, the RFUEA Ground in Nairobi, with Kenya Harlequin. Origins The Rugby Football Union of Kenya (RFU-K) was initially founded in August 1921 and became operational in 1923 with the formation of the first Nairobi clubs, Nondescripts RFC and Harlequin RFC. In 1953 RFU-K was joined by the rugby unions of Tanganyika and Uganda to form the Rugby Football Union of East Africa (RFUEA) in representing the colonies of British East Africa. RFU-K was dissolved in 1956, with already existing district unions dealing directly with RFUEA. In 1970, the decision was made to merge the\n\nQuestion: What's Kenya Rugby Union?", "output": "Kenya Rugby Union is the governing body for rugby union in Kenya."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Martin Annen (born 12 February 1974 in Zug, Switzerland) is a bobsledder who competed from 1996 to 2006. Competing in two Winter Olympics, Annen won a total of three bronze medals (Two-man: 2002, 2006; Four-man: 2006). Annen also won two bronze medals in the two-man event at the FIBT World Championships, earning them in 2001 and 2005. In Bobsleigh World Cup, he has two combined men's championships (2001-2, 2004\u20135), three two-man championships (2000-1, 2001\u20132, 2004\u20135), and one four-man championship (2001\u20132). References Bobsleigh two-man Olympic medalists 1932\u201356 and since 1964 Bobsleigh four-man Olympic medalists for 1924, 1932\u201356, and since 1964 Bobsleigh two-man world championship medalists since 1931 FIBT profile List of combined men's bobsleigh World Cup champions: 1985\u20132007 List of four-man bobsleigh World Cup champions since 1985 List of two-man bobsleigh World Cup champions since 1985 1974 births Living people Swiss male bobsledders Bobsledders at the 2002 Winter Olympics Bobsledders at\n\nMango pudding is a very popular dessert in Hong Kong, where pudding is eaten as a traditional British food. There is very little variation between the regional mango pudding's preparation. The dessert is also found in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Macau and is often served as dim sum in Chinese restaurants. The fresh variant is prepared by the restaurant or eatery and consists of agar or gelatin, mangoes, evaporated milk, and sugar. In addition, fresh fruit such as mango, strawberries, berries and kiwifruit, are occasionally added as garnish. Served and eaten refrigerator cold, mango pudding has a rich and creamy texture. Some Chinese restaurants make the mango pudding in fish shape because goldfish or koi expresses good luck in Chinese culture. On the other hand, factory-made mango pudding does not contain fresh mangoes and instead, consists of mango essence and either gelatin or agar. In supermarkets Outside of dim sum and\n\nA shaligram, or shaligrama shila (), is a fossilized stone or ammonite collected from the riverbed or banks of the Kali Gandaki, a tributary of the Gandaki River in Nepal. It is also considered a form of Vishnu within Hinduism. Legends According to the Devi Bhagavata Purana, Brahmavaivarta Purana, and Shiva Purana, shilagrama shilas originated due to the following chain of events. A king named Vrishadhvaja had been cursed by Surya to endure poverty, due to his reluctance to worship any deity other than Shiva. To regain their lost prosperity, his grandsons Dharmadhvaja and Kusadhvaja performed austerities to appease the goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of prosperity. Pleased with the austerities, she granted them prosperity, and the blessing of her being born as their daughters. Accordingly, Lakshmi incarnated as Vedavati, the daughter of Kusadhvaja and Tulasi, the daughter of Dharmadhvaja. Tulasi went to Badarikashrama to perform austerities in order to gain\n\nQuestion: Define Mango pudding.", "output": "Mango pudding is a very popular dessert in Hong Kong, where pudding is eaten as a traditional British food."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The silver sweep (Scorpis lineolata), also known as the false pompano, sweep, trumps or windawindawi, is a species of marine ray-finned fish from the subfamily Scorpidinae of the sea chub family Kyphosidae. It is native to the southwestern Pacific Ocean from Australia to New Zealand. Description The silver sweep has deep and strongly compressed body with a thin caudal peduncle. The head is moderately sized with an almost straight dorsal profile, a short snout and quite large eyes. The mouth is small and oblique with small but strong teeth in the jaws arranged in broad bands with the outer band being enlarged and recurved. Most of the body is covered in very small ctenoid scales and there is a gently curved lateral line. The dorsal fin continuous with a very short first spine, there are a 10 spines which progressively become higher towards the tail, the first rays in the\n\nThe Library of Adventures () is a popular series of adventure novels published by Detgiz in the Soviet Union in 1955 and reprinted in 1981. The series, much sought after by Soviet book collectors, comprised twenty books, more or less accurately reflecting the tastes of an adolescent Russophone readership. Alexandre Dumas, p\u00e8re. The Three Musketeers. Arthur Conan Doyle. The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes. Aleksei Tolstoy. The Garin Death Ray. Aelita. Anatoly Rybakov. The Dagger. The Bronze Bird. Vladimir Obruchev. Plutonia. Sannikov Land. Veniamin Kaverin. The Two Captains. Walter Scott. Quentin Durward. Rider Haggard. King Solomon's Mines. Fair Margaret. Gustave Aimard. Gambusino. Georgy Adamov. The Mystery of Two Oceans. Daniel Defoe. Robinson Crusoe. Jonathan Swift. Gulliver's Travels. Jules Verne. In Search of the Castaways. Ivan Efremov. The Land of Foam. The Starships. Louis Boussenard. The Diamond Raiders. Thomas Mayne Reid. Osceola. Mark Twain. Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.\n\nATI Avivo is a set of hardware and low level software features present on the ATI Radeon R520 family of GPUs and all later ATI Radeon products. ATI Avivo was designed to offload video decoding, encoding, and post-processing from a computer's CPU to a compatible GPU. ATI Avivo compatible GPUs have lower CPU usage when a player and decoder software that support ATI Avivo is used. ATI Avivo has been long superseded by Unified Video Decoder (UVD) and Video Coding Engine (VCE). Background The GPU wars between ATI and NVIDIA have resulted in GPUs with ever-increasing processing power since early 2000s. To parallel this increase in speed and power, both GPU makers needed to increase video quality as well, in 3D graphics applications the focus in increasing quality has mainly fallen on anti-aliasing and anisotropic filtering. However it has dawned upon both companies that video quality on the PC would\n\nQuestion: What is Library of Adventures?", "output": "The Library of Adventures is a popular series of adventure novels published by Detgiz in the Soviet Union in 1955 and reprinted in 1981."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Patrick Joseph McAloon (born 7 June 1957) is an English singer-songwriter and a founder of the band Prefab Sprout. Early life McAloon was born and grew up in Witton Gilbert in County Durham, England. He was trained to be a Catholic priest before deciding on a career in music. Career Prefab Sprout enjoyed considerable success in the 1980s and early 1990s. They peaked commercially with \"The King of Rock 'N' Roll\", which was a top ten single in the UK Singles Chart. In a 1991 interview with Rolling Stone during the Jordan: The Comeback world tour, McAloon said he had never seen a positive royalty cheque for his work with Prefab Sprout Songs written by McAloon have also been recorded by Kylie Minogue (\"If You Don't Love Me\"), Wendy Matthews (\"God Watch Over You\" and \"Ride\"), Sondre Lerche (\"Nightingales\" \u2013 the song appeared in \"From Langley Park to Memphis\" and\n\nUffculme (, ) is a village and civil parish located in the Mid Devon district, of Devon, England. Situated in the Blackdown Hills on the B3440, close to the M5 motorway and the Bristol\u2013Exeter railway line, near Cullompton, Uffculme is on the upper reaches of the River Culm. The population of the parish, according to a 2020 estimate, is 3,090. It is surrounded, clockwise from the north, by the parishes of Culmstock, Hemyock, Sheldon, Kentisbeare, Cullompton, Willand, Halberton and Burlescombe. History Historically, Uffculme was a parish in Bampton Hundred, under the Peculiar jurisdiction of the Prebendary of Uffculme, Salisbury Cathedral. Uffculme is of particular interest to local historians because the wills and inventories for Uffculme have survived due to the parish being a peculiar of the Bishop of Salisbury, and hence they were not among the Devon probate records that were destroyed by fire in Exeter following a bombing raid\n\nMovistar TV is a subscription television service operated by Telef\u00f3nica. Currently, the service is available in Chile, Per\u00fa, Colombia, El Salvador, Venezuela and Argentina. In Spain, this service merged with the satellite platform Canal+, resulting in a new platform called Movistar+. History The service was started as a commercial test pilot in the city of Alicante in 2001 and later extended to some major cities such as Madrid and Barcelona in April 2004. In 2013, Movistar Imagenio was rebranded to Movistar TV. As of March 2006, coverage has yet reached the whole of Spain. Major cities and province capitals are covered, but not rural areas or minor cities. It is possible for users to check on-line if the service is available for their phone line on the Movistar website. The channel line-up includes some international English-language channels, such as CNN International and BBC World News. Additionally for certain channels, Movistar\n\nQuestion: Define Uffculme.", "output": "Uffculme is a village and civil parish located in the Mid Devon district, of Devon, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lynnette Marie O'Nan (n\u00e9e Cole; born February 9, 1978) is an American television personality, actress, and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title Miss Tennessee USA in 2000. She went on to become the first woman from that state to win the Miss USA pageant, which was held in Branson, Missouri on February 4, 2000. Cole hails from Columbia, Tennessee and was twenty-one years old when she won the national crown. Family background Cole is of Puerto Rican heritage. At ten months old, she was living in foster care with her older brother when they were adopted by Gail and Larry Cole, who had to move interstate to circumvent a law prohibiting adoption of children from a different race. Her adoptive parents had previously been foster parents to a succession of over 100 children. Pageants Cole's first major pageant win came in 1995 when she won the title Miss Tennessee\n\nThe L\u00e1zaro Barrera Stakes is a Listed American Thoroughbred horse race for horses age three years old run over a distance of furlongs on the dirt track held annually in June at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California. History The event is named in honor of United States Triple Crown and Hall of Fame trainer L\u00e1zaro \"Laz\" Barrera. The inaugural running of the event is debatable since there are two paths that converge to the realization of the current event. The Los Angeles Turf Club, which holds the event at Santa Anita, believe that the current L\u00e1zaro Barrera Stakes has its beginnings via the Playa Del Rey Stakes, which had its first running in 1953 at Hollywood Park Racetrack in Inglewood, California. This event was set for Californian bred three year old fillies at a distance of 7 furlongs. The event was run one more time and then went idle\n\nThe Whitley Warriors are an ice hockey team based in Whitley Bay in the north east of England. Founded in 1957 as the Bees, they changed their name to the Whitley Warriors in 1964. The Warriors played at the highest level of British ice hockey for much of their history but currently play in the third tier, National Ice Hockey League North Division 1. Their home arena is The Whitley Bay Ice Rink. Club roster 2022-23 (*) Denotes a Non-British Trained player (Import) 2021/22 Outgoing Honours British Championship: Winners \u2013 1972/73, 1973/74 English National League Championship: Winners \u2013 1999/2000, 2000/01, 2001/02, 2007/08 English National League: Runners-up \u2013 1997/98 Northern League: Winners \u2013 1973/74, 1974/75 Runners-up \u2013 1976/77, 1977/78, 2006/07, 2010/11 Northern League Play-offs: Winners: 2006/07 Runners-up \u2013 1967/68, 1976/77 English National League North: Winners \u2013 2001/02, 2009/10, 2010/11 Runners-up \u2013 1997/98, 1999/00, 2000/01, 2006/07, 2007/08 English Cup: Winners \u2013 2001/02\n\nQuestion: Who was Lynnette Cole?", "output": "Lynnette Marie O'Nan is an American television personality, actress, and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title Miss Tennessee USA in 2000."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Guinness share-trading fraud was a major business scandal of the 1980s. It involved the manipulation of the London stock market to inflate the price of Guinness shares to thereby assist Guinness's \u00a34 billion takeover bid for the Scottish drinks company Distillers. Four businessmen were convicted of criminal offences for taking part in the manipulation. The scandal was discovered in testimony given by the US stock trader Ivan Boesky as part of a plea bargain. Ernest Saunders, Gerald Ronson, Jack Lyons and Anthony Parnes, the so-called Guinness four, were charged, paid large fines and, with the exception of Lyons, who was suffering from ill health, served prison sentences. The case was brought by the Serious Fraud Office. Crime The defendants bought shares in Guinness plc to enable Guinness (by supporting its share price) to take over Distillers, a much larger company. The Distillers board favoured Guinness as partners and were\n\nCaptain Gorur Ramaswamy Iyengar Gopinath (born 13 November 1951) is an Indian entrepreneur, the founder of Air Deccan, a retired Captain of the Indian Army, an author and a politician. Early life Gopinath was born in Gorur, Hassan, in a Tamil iyengar family and was brought up in small village in Gorur in the Hassan district of Karnataka State. Gopinath's father Gorur Ramaswamy Iyengar, a school teacher (not to be confused with Kannada Novelist Gorur Ramaswamy Iyengar who is his mother's uncle), believed that schools were systems of regimentation and was resolved to teach Gopinath at home. However, Gopinath was admitted to a Kannada medium school quite late and straight away he joined Standard V. In 1962, Gopinath cleared the admission test and joined Sainik School, Bijapur. The school helped and prepared Gopinath to clear the NDA entrance exams. After 3 years of vigorous training, Gopinath completed education from the\n\nCritical Art Ensemble (CAE) is a collective of five tactical media practitioners of various specializations including computer graphics and web design, film/video, photography, text art, book art, and performance. For CAE, tactical media is situational, ephemeral, and self-terminating. It encourages the use of any media that will engage a particular socio-political context in order to create molecular interventions and semiotic shocks that collectively could diminish the rising intensity of authoritarian culture. Since its formation in 1987 in Tallahassee, Florida, CAE has been frequently invited to exhibit and perform projects examining issues surrounding information, communications and bio-technologies by museums and other cultural institutions. These include the Whitney Museum and the New Museum in NYC; the Corcoran Museum in Washington D.C.; the ICA, London; the MCA, Chicago; Schirn Kunsthalle, Frankfurt; Mus\u00e9e d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris; the London Museum of Natural History; Kunsthalle Luzern, and dOCUMENTA 13. The collective has\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Critical Art Ensemble is.", "output": "Critical Art Ensemble is a collective of five tactical media practitioners of various specializations including computer graphics and web design, film/video, photography, text art, book art, and performance."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Amalgamation Polka (2006) is the fourth novel by the writer Stephen Wright. It is set during the time of the American Civil War. The plot concerns the story of Liberty Fish and his travels after joining the Union army. The title refers to a 19th-century lithograph showing a social gathering in which the participants, unusually for the time, are both white and black. It is captioned \u201cThis blending of the two races (Caucasian and African) by amalgamation is just what is needed for the perfection of both.\u201d Liberty Fish is the son of two passionate abolitionists but whose grandparents were cruel slave-owners. The plot follows him from his birth to young adulthood, his enlistment in the Union army, and his quest to find his grandparents who he blames for the despair his mother feels. The tone has hints of dark humor and at times can be heavily surreal. The\n\nThe Branch Davidians (or the General Association of Branch Davidian Seventh-day Adventists) are an apocalyptic cult founded in 1955 by Benjamin Roden. They regard themselves as a continuation of the General Association of Davidian Seventh-Day Adventists, established by Victor Houteff in 1935. Houteff, a Bulgarian immigrant and a Seventh-day Adventist, wrote a series of tracts titled the \"Shepherd's Rod\", which called for the reform of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. After his ideas were rejected by Adventist leaders, Houteff and his followers formed the group that later became known as \"Davidians\" and some of them moved onto a tract of land outside and west of Waco, Texas, United States, where they built a community called the Mount Carmel Center, which served as the headquarters for the movement. After Houteff's death in 1955, his wife Florence took control of the Davidian organization. That same year, Roden (a follower of Houteff), proclaimed what\n\nZavr\u010d (, in older sources Zavr\u010de, ) is a settlement in the Haloze area of Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Zavr\u010d. It lies between the right bank of the Drava River and the border with Croatia. The area traditionally belonged to the region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region. History The Roman road that connected Poetovio and Mursa Maior led through the area. The parish church in Zavr\u010d is dedicated to Saint Nicholas and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1430 as Saurig or Sauritsch. It was modified in the 17th and 18th centuries. The first school was established in 1671, when pupils were taught in a private house. Church records show that in 1812 the priest gave permission to reconstruct the classroom, so more pupils were able to attend.\n\nQuestion: What is The Amalgamation Polka?", "output": "The Amalgamation Polka is the fourth novel by the writer Stephen Wright."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Counter-Guerrilla () is an alleged Turkish branch of Operation Gladio, a clandestine stay-behind anti-communist initiative backed by the United States as an expression of the Truman Doctrine. The founding goal of the operation was to erect a stay-behind guerrilla force to undermine a possible Soviet occupation. The goal was soon expanded to subverting communism in Turkey. The Counter-Guerrilla initially operated out of the Turkish Armed Forces' Tactical Mobilization Group (, or STK). In 1967, the STK was renamed to the Special Warfare Department (, \u00d6HD). In 1994, the \u00d6HD became the Special Forces Command (, \u00d6KK). In Turkey there is a popular belief that the Counter-Guerrilla are responsible for numerous unsolved acts of violence, and have exerted great influence over the country's Cold War history, most notably for engendering the military coups of 1971 and 1980. The military accepts that the \u00d6KK is tasked with subverting a possible occupation, though\n\nThe Five-Year Plans of Vietnam are a series of economic development initiatives. The Vietnamese economy is shaped primarily by the Vietnamese Communist Party through the plenary sessions of the Central Committee and national congresses. The party plays a leading role in establishing the foundations and principles of communism, mapping strategies for economic development, setting growth targets, and launching reforms. Planning is a key characteristic of centralized, planned economy, and one plan established for the entire country normally contains detailed economic development guidelines for all its regions. According to Vietnamese economist Vo Nhan Tri, Vietnam's post-reunification economy was in a \"period of transition to socialism\". The process was described as consisting of three phases. The first phase, from 1976 through 1980, incorporated the Second Five-Year Plan (1976\u201380)--the First Five-Year Plan (1960\u201365) applied to North Vietnam only. The second phase, called \"socialist industrialization\", was divided into two stages: from 1981 through 1990\n\nThe Elk City Reservoir is a reservoir located east of Elk City, Kansas. The dam that forms the lake was constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. It has approximately 4,500 acres (18 km2) of water, and 12,000 acres (49 km2) of wildlife, and a total of over 50 miles (80 km) of shoreline. There are six hiking trails at the Elk City Reservoir, two of which are notable for receiving a National Trails designation. The scenic Elk River hiking trail is 15 miles (24 km) long, and goes from the west edge of the dam westward to the bridge on Elk River. The Table Mound hiking trail is 2.75 miles long and runs along the east side of the lake from a scenic overlook at the dam to the Timber Road campground. Other trails include the 2/3 miles long Post Oak Self-Guided Nature Trail at the scenic overlook,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Elk City Lake is.", "output": "The Elk City Reservoir is a reservoir located  east of Elk City, Kansas."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The German School of Athens (, DSA; , \u0393\u03a3\u0391), also known as the D\u00f6rpfeld Gymnasium, is a coeducational independent, kindergarten, elementary school and high school in Marousi, Athens, Greece. The school has been in operation since 1896 and was founded by architect and archeologist Wilhelm D\u00f6rpfeld. It is one of the oldest and most prestigious private schools in Greece, after a very large number of students graduating from the school has excelled in politics, the arts, science and business. While at kindergarten and elementary school level no differentiation of school systems is made, high school is currently split into a German section (with students eventually graduating with the German high school diploma) and a Greek section (with students graduating with German and optionally an additional Greek high school diploma). Pupils take entry exams in order to become students of the latter section so the school is considered highly selective. However,\n\nSimon \"Wicksy\" Wicks is a fictional character from the British BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Nick Berry between 1985 and 1990. Wicksy was introduced to take on some of the more adult storylines that had been scripted for another character, Mark Fowler; Mark's actor, David Scarboro, had left the serial prematurely due to personal problems. Wicksy was the soap's first male pin-up. An early storyline saw Wicksy perform a song in the serial, \"Every Loser Wins\", which was subsequently released as a single in 1986 and reached number one in the UK Singles Chart. One of Wicksy's most prominent storylines was his adultery with Cindy Beale, and a subsequent feud with Cindy's husband, Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt). Nick Berry quit the role in 1990, fearful of typecasting, and after five years on-screen, Wicksy departed on 27 December that year. On 13 January 2012, Simon made a one-off cameo for\n\nGrefrath () is a municipality in the district of Viersen, in the western part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated in the Lower Rhineland region (German: Niederhein), which is located between the river Rhine and the borderline between Germany and the Netherlands. Geography The river Niers crosses through the municipality from the south to the north. The villages of Grefrath and Vinkrath are located on the westerly bank of the small river, whereas Oedt and M\u00fclhausen are situated on the easterly bank. Towns and municipalities adjoining Grefrath are (clockwise, beginning in the north): Wachtendonk Kempen T\u00f6nisvorst Viersen Nettetal The nearest bigger cities are M\u00f6nchengladbach ( to the south-south-east), Krefeld ( to the east) and Venlo ( to the west). History The town of Grefrath was first mentioned in 1177, at that time bearing the name of Greverode. This stands for \"The Earls' Clearing\" (German: Rodung der Grafen). . In\n\nQuestion: What is Simon Wicks?", "output": "Simon \"Wicksy\" Wicks is a fictional character from the British BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Nick Berry between 1985 and 1990."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Stony Point Fashion Park is a high-end outdoor shopping center in Richmond, Virginia that opened in 2003. The center currently maintains the anchor tenants Dillard's and Saks Fifth Avenue. Stony Point is the only mall in the region that offers a dog-friendly environment along with comfort stations located throughout the center. Rivalry with Short Pump The mall was the result of a rivalry between mall developer Taubman Centers and ForestCity, both who sought to build a new upscale center in Richmond. The battle was eventually settled in court, which ultimately saw Taubman building Stony Point, and ForestCity building the rival, two-story Short Pump Town Center, which is nearly two times the size of Stony Point. Short Pump broke ground in November 2000, but Stony Point didn't break ground until February 2002. Stony Point finally opened on September 18, 2003, the day Hurricane Isabel made landfall in nearby Outer Banks. References\n\nArtem Volodymyrovych Milevskyi (also transliterated Milevskyy, , ; born 12 January 1985) is a Ukrainian former professional footballer who played as a second striker. Milevskyi is known both for his technical ability and physicality which allows him to play with a quicker forward. He holds a degree of Master of Sports of Ukraine, International Class (2005). He was also a Ukrainian international, earning 50 caps and representing his country at 2006 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2012. Milevskyi is a brother of Belarusian female tennis player Ksenia Milevskaya. Club career Early career and Dynamo Kyiv Milevskyi played at youth level for Belarusian club Smena Minsk. In 2000, he moved to Ukrainian side Boryfsfen Boryspil before joining Dynamo Kyiv in 2002. He made his debut for Dynamo as a late substitute in a UEFA Champions League match against Internazionale on 10 December 2003, aged just 18. It was his only\n\nThe committees of the European Parliament are designed to aid the European Commission in initiating legislation. Standing committees are made up of Members of the European Parliament (MEPs), who are directly elected to the seats in the European Parliament by the electorate. Each committee has a chairman and four vice-chairmen, along with numerous committee members. Each committee also has substitute members. Reports are usually compiled by a rapporteur, who is appointed by the chairman of the committee, selected from amongst the members or permanent substitutes. Appointment The established system for the appointment of committee chairs follows the D'Hondt method. Legislative reports In the process of proposing and drafting legislation, the European Commission will consult the various standing committees during the codecision procedure, and these committees will advise the commission by producing reports, proposing amendments to the draft legislation, and providing, if necessary, a drafted legislative resolution. In the event of\n\nQuestion: What's Stony Point Fashion Park?", "output": "Stony Point Fashion Park is a high-end outdoor shopping center in Richmond, Virginia that opened in 2003."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "James Hendry (born July 27, 1955) is an American baseball coach and executive. He is a special assistant for New York Yankees general manager Brian Cashman, and is a former general manager of the Chicago Cubs. Hendry was promoted to Cubs general manager on July 5, 2002, by former Cubs president/CEO Andy MacPhail. He worked for the Cubs from 1995 to 2011. Prior to his promotion to GM, he was named assistant GM and player personnel director on October 12, 2001, and previously the director of player development, in charge of both scouting and minor league operations. He was a coach for the Creighton Bluejays of Creighton University from 1984 to 1991. Early life Hendry graduated from Spring Hill College, where he majored in communications and journalism. He could not find a job in broadcasting and took a job as a high school teacher and baseball coach in Miami. This\n\nGrants/Cibola County Schools is a school district based in Grants, New Mexico, United States. Attendance area GCCS's attendance boundary includes most of Cibola County, New Mexico, including the city of Grants. Exceptions are areas on the Zuni Reservation and Fence Lake. While the Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation is physically within Grants/Cibola County Schools, children going to non-tribal public schools are bussed to Ramah's schools, which are operated by the Gallup-McKinley County Schools. The proximity of the nearest schools in Cibola County were so far, away, that Cibola and McKinley counties agreed to have students on the reservation sent to McKinley County schools, including Ramah Elementary School and Ramah Middle/High School. Schools Secondary schools 6-12 schools Laguna Acoma Middle High School High schools Grants High School Middle schools Los Alamitos Middle School Primary schools Bluewater Elementary School Cubero Elementary School Mesa View Elementary School (Grants) Mesa View is one of two\n\nMartin Hisao Tanaka (April 22, 1921 \u2013 June 30, 1991) was an American professional wrestler better known as Duke Keomuka. He is the father of wrestler Pat Tanaka and referee Jimmy Tanaka. Biography Because he was a Japanese American in California during World War II, Tanaka was interned at Manzanar following the signing of Executive Order 9066. In the 1950s, Keomuka formed a very successful tag team with Hiro Matsuda. Keomuka was also a top wrestler in the 1950s and the 1960s while competing in Texas before settling in Florida. Keomuka died on June 30, 1991, at the age of 70. His son was scheduled for a match teaming up with Paul Diamond (who at the time worked as Kato of the Orient Express tag team) to take on Haku and The Barbarian but didn't arrive as his father died the day before the match, so his manager Mr. Fuji\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Jim Hendry.", "output": "James Hendry is an American baseball coach and executive."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Military Forces of Colombia () are the unified armed forces of the Republic of Colombia. They consist of the Colombian Army, the Colombian Navy and the Colombian Aerospace Force. The National Police of Colombia, although technically not part of the military, is controlled and administered by the Ministry of National Defence, and national conscription also includes service in the National Police, thus making it a de facto gendarmerie and a branch of the military. The President of Colombia is the military's commander in chief, and helps formulate defense policy through the Ministry of National Defence, which is in charge of day-to-day operations. The Military Forces of Colombia have their roots in the Army of the Commoners (), which was formed on 7 August 1819 \u2013 before the establishment of the present day Colombia \u2013 to meet the demands of the Revolutionary War against the Spanish Empire. After their triumph\n\nIan Sibbit (born 15 October 1980), also known by the nickname of \"Sibs\", is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played as a second row. Sibbit signed for Salford in 2004 from the Warrington Wolves having also played for Melbourne Storm. He also went on to play for Bradford Bulls. Bradford Bulls He signed a two-year deal with the Bradford Bulls for 2011's Super League XVI. He is not seen as a direct replacement for Steve Menzies but is seen as a back-up player. Statistics do NOT include pre-season friendlies. 2011 - 2011 Season Sibbit appeared in two of the four pre-season games. He played against Halifax and Wakefield Trinity Wildcats. Ian featured in Round 1 and 2 against Leeds Rhinos and Wigan Warriors. His next game would be in Round 4 (Wakefield Trinity Wildcats) the in Round 5 (Huddersfield Giants). Sibbit then appeared in Round 9 (Hull\n\nThe Tivoli Stadion Tirol (formerly named ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Innsbruck, Austria. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Bundesliga club WSG Tirol and Raiders Tirol of the European League of Football. The stadium capacity was 17,400 when it was built in 2000. For the UEFA Euro 2008 the stadium was temporarily expanded to 30,000 people. The North Stand is fitted with rail seats for safe standing. History Tivoli-Neu was named after the original Tivoli stadium, which was at a different place next to the Sill River. It was closed down in 2004, four years after Tivoli-Neu was opened. On May 28, 2010, Spain played an international friendly against Saudi Arabia, winning 3\u20132. Euro 2008 Matches See also OlympiaWorld Innsbruck References External links FC Wacker Innsbruck Football venues in Austria Sport in Innsbruck Multi-purpose stadiums in Austria Buildings and structures in\n\nQuestion: Who was Ian Sibbit?", "output": "Ian Sibbit, also known by the nickname of \"Sibs\", is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played as a second row."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A Temporary Dive is the second studio album by the Norwegian singer-songwriter Ane Brun, initially released in Norway and Sweden on 7 February 2005. The album debuted at No. 1 in her native Norway. The track \"Song No. 6\" features the Canadian singer-songwriter Ron Sexsmith and also appears on her Duets album. It was recorded at an after-show party following their performances at the Storsj\u00f6yran festival in \u00d6stersund, Sweden. The track \"Balloon Ranger\" was said by Ane to be analogous to her troubles learning the English language, or rather how she sometimes comes up with nonsense words that have no inherent meaning. She later used the song's title for the name of her record label. Versions of the album were released in the UK and US in 2006, and in Japan in 2007, each with different track listings and different artwork. The original album was re-released on CD for the\n\nUttamadhanapuram Venkatasubbaiyer Swaminatha Iyer (19 February 1855 \u2013 28 April 1942) was a Tamil scholar and researcher who was instrumental in bringing many long-forgotten works of classical Tamil literature to light. His singular efforts over five decades brought to light major literary works in Tamil and contributed vastly to the enrichment of its literary heritage. Iyer published over 90 books in his lifetime, on a variety of matters connected to classical Tamil literature, and collected over 3,000 paper manuscripts, palm-leaf manuscripts and notes of various kinds. He is affectionately called Tamil Thatha (literally, \"Tamil grandfather\"). Early life Utthamadhanapuram Venkatasubramanian Swaminathan was born on 19 February 1855 in the village of Suriyamoolai near Kumbakonam in present-day Tamil Nadu. Academic career Swaminatha Iyer learned Tamil literature and grammar for five years as a devoted student to Mahavidvan Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai, a great poet and scholar. He was also a beneficiary of the\n\nSingapore Science Park is a research, development and technologies hub in Queenstown, Singapore. Managed by Ascendas, a subsidiary of Capitaland, it was set up under a government initiative in 1980 to provide the necessary infrastructure for local retail and development companies to flourish in the country. One of the most prominent local tenants headquartered within the parks is Singaporean multinational technology company Shopee. Milestones Singapore Science Park I In 1980, the Government gave its seal of approval to proceed with the construction of the Singapore Science Park on a 30-hectare plot of land. In 1982, Singapore Science Park I welcomed its first tenant, Det Norske Veritas (DNV). On 3 September 2019, Shopee officially opened its new six-storey regional headquarters at Singapore Science Park I. The new building has of space, which can accommodate 3,000 employees and is six times larger than the previous headquarters at Ascent Building, also located within\n\nQuestion: What is A Temporary Dive?", "output": "A Temporary Dive is the second studio album by the Norwegian singer-songwriter Ane Brun, initially released in Norway and Sweden on 7 February 2005."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) is a landlocked Sahel country that shares borders with six nations. It lies between the Sahara desert and the Gulf of Guinea, south of the loop of the Niger River, mostly between latitudes 9\u00b0 and 15\u00b0N (a small area is north of 15\u00b0), and longitudes 6\u00b0W and 3\u00b0E. The land is green in the south, with forests and fruit trees, and semi-arid in the north. Most of central Burkina Faso lies on a savanna plateau, above sea level, with fields, brush, and scattered trees. Burkina Faso's game preserves \u2013 the most important of which are Arly, Nazinga, and W National Park\u2014contain lions, elephants, hippopotamus, monkeys, common warthogs, and antelopes. Previously the endangered painted hunting dog, Lycaon pictus occurred in Burkina Faso, but, although the last sightings were made in Arli National Park, the species is considered extirpated from Burkina Faso. Area Burkina Faso has a\n\nCorio Oval was an Australian rules football ground, located in Geelong, Victoria, and used by the Geelong Football Club in the VFA and the VFL from 1878 to 1915, and 1917 to 1940. Sited in Eastern Park, the oval was served by trams from 1930 when the line was extended along Ryrie Street to the football ground. Corio Oval had been in use as a cricket oval since 1862, when a Geelong and District XXII played an All-England XI. Several more cricket matches against international touring teams were played at the ground until 1937. In 1878, Corio Oval became the home ground of the Geelong Football Club, after they left Argyle Square due to a dispute over rent, although one game was played at the old ground in 1878 when Corio Oval was flooded. While Geelong went into recess in 1916 due to the First World War, the club remained\n\nOtto G\u00fcnsche (24 September 1917 \u2013 2 October 2003) was a mid-ranking officer in the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was a member of the SS Division Leibstandarte before he became Adolf Hitler's personal adjutant. G\u00fcnsche was taken prisoner by soldiers of the Red Army in Berlin on 2 May 1945. After being held in various prisons and labour camps in the Soviet Union, he was released from Bautzen Penitentiary on 2 May 1956. Life and career Otto G\u00fcnsche was born in Jena in Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. After leaving secondary school at 16 he volunteered for the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler and joined the Nazi Party on 1 July 1934. He first met Adolf Hitler in 1936. He was Hitler's SS adjutant from 1940 to 1941. From 1 January 1941 to 30 April 1942, he attended the SS officer's academy. He then had front-line combat service as a\n\nQuestion: Who is Otto G\u00fcnsche?", "output": "Otto G\u00fcnsche was a mid-ranking officer in the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany during World War II."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Peter Breiner (born 3 July 1957) is a Slovak pianist, conductor, and composer. Biography Early life and studies Breiner, born in Humenn\u00e9, Czechoslovakia, began to play the piano at age four. When he was nine, he enrolled at the conservatory in Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia, where he studied piano, percussion, composition, and conducting. He subsequently moved to Bratislava, where he attended the Academy of Performing Arts, continuing his composition studies under the tuition of Alexander Moyzes. He graduated from the academy in 1982. Career Breiner has recorded over 260 albums as conductor, composer, arranger, and pianist. He is known for his arrangements, such as Baroque versions of the Beatles and similar adaptations of Elvis Presley, as well as arrangements of popular Christmas music. His 2004 release of all the national anthems of the world was used at the Athens Olympic Committee as the music for medal ceremonies at the games. He has\n\nJosiah Edward Spurr (1870\u20131950) was an American geologist, explorer, and author. Born in Gloucester, Massachusetts, he was considered something of a failure as a youth, unsuited for the family fishing business, since on a voyage he invariably became seasick. Since he could not be a productive fisherman like his brothers, his parents decided he might as well go to college. After working his way through Harvard, he began his career with the Minnesota Geological Survey, making the first-ever geological map of the great Mesabi Range in Minnesota. J. E. Spurr led two expeditions of historic importance in Alaska for the United States Geological Survey in 1896 and 1898, made without the benefit of telephones, airplanes, the internal combustion engine, or electrical appliances. In 1896 he led the first expedition to map and chart the interior of Alaska, exploring the Yukon Territory, where gold had been discovered. In 1898 Spurr went\n\nThe Battle of Humin-Bolim\u00f3w was an inconclusive battle of World War I fought on January 14, 1915 - February 28, 1915 between Imperial German Army and Russia and considered a preliminary to the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes. Battle January 16, 1915 the German 4th Infantry Division carried out several attacks on the sector of the front south of Borzym\u00f3w, in the direction of Humin. After a two-hour artillery preparation (at the same time, tear gas shells were used for the first time - 2200 shots), units of the Russian 55th Infantry Division were knocked out of the trenches by a bayonet attack of the four German regiments. The commander of the 2nd Army, Infantry General V. Smirnov, ordered to organize a counterattack with all the forces of the VI Army Corps, Lieutenant General Vasily Gurko (4th, 16th, 55th Infantry Divisions and a brigade of the 76th Infantry Division\n\nQuestion: Who is Peter Breiner", "output": "Peter Breiner is a Slovak pianist, conductor, and composer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kwanza Unit (KU) was an early Tanzanian hip hop group. Its name means \"First Unit\" and it was formed in 1993 by a merger of several groups and solo artists. They started rapping in English, but later used Swahili as well. Founding members of Kwanza Unit included three of the main hip-hop crews at the time - Villain Gangsters, Riders Posse, and Tribe-X. According to Rhymson, the founding member of Villain Gangsters, the goal of creating Kwanza Unit was to establish Tanzania as a \"hip hop nation.\" Kwanza Unit's plan was to follow in the footsteps of Afrika Bambaataa, the African-American hip-hop innovator who built the Universal Zulu Nation. Just as Afrika Bambaataa had done, Kwanza Unit wanted to promote \"Kwanzanian Nation\" and ideals. The group created their own ethnic group called Kwanzania which was supposed to be made up of artists, fans, and anyone else who were supporters of\n\nA cultural divide is \"a boundary in society that separates communities whose social economic structures, opportunities for success, conventions, styles, are so different that they have substantially different psychologies\". A cultural divide is the virtual barrier caused by cultural differences, that hinder interactions, and harmonious exchange between people of different cultures. For example, avoiding eye contact with a superior shows deference and respect in East Asian cultures, but can be interpreted as suspicious behavior in Western cultures. Studies on cultural divide usually focus on identifying and bridging the cultural divide at different levels of society. Significance A cultural divide can have significant impact on international operations on global organizations that require communication between people from different cultures. Commonly, ignorance of the cultural differences such as social norms and taboos may lead to communication failure within the organization. Sufficiently large cultural divides may also discourage groups from seeking to understand the\n\nThe Beresford Republic is the weekly newspaper of Beresford, South Dakota. The newspaper is published every Thursday. History According to the Beresford Centennial Book (published in 1984), the Beresford Republic was founded by a Mr. Stroud in Elk Point, South Dakota. It was originally published under the title, the Union County Republican. The first volume of that newspaper still survives in private hands and was put on display at the history exhibit during the celebration of the 125th anniversary of the incorporation of the city of Beresford, South Dakota in July 2009. The first issue of that newspaper was published on August 2, 1894. H. A. Sturges was reported to have owned the newspaper for twenty-seven years. According to the Beresford Centennial Book, the newspaper was at the \"end of its string\" when it was taken over by Harry Sturges. Later, he was said to have sold out his interests\n\nQuestion: What's Cultural divide?", "output": "A cultural divide is \"a boundary in society that separates communities whose social economic structures, opportunities for success, conventions, styles,  are so different that they have substantially different psychologies\"."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Maria Della Costa (born Gentile Maria Marchioro Polloni, 1 January 1926 \u2013 24 January 2015) was a Brazilian theater, movie and TV actress and producer. Life She was born in Flores da Cunha, a small town of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, into a family of Italian immigrants from the region of Veneto. She was immortalized in paintings by Emiliano Di Cavalcanti, Flavio de Carvalho, Guanabarino and Djanira, and in a statue by Victor Brecheret. She started her career at 14 years of age, as a fashion model (she is considered the first professional model in Brazil). She was married to Sandro Polloni, a theater producer, also of Italian origin. Together they founded Teatro Maria Della Costa in S\u00e3o Paulo in a building designed by Oscar Niemeyer and L\u00facio Costa. After retiring from show business, she owned and managed a small hotel (Coxixo Hotel) in the historical and\n\nDodurga is a town in \u00c7orum Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Dodurga District. Its population is 2,409 (2022). It is located at 42 km north of the city of \u00c7orum, 35 km from the town of Osmanc\u0131k on the road to \u0130skilip. The mayor is Mustafa Ayd\u0131n (AKP). Geography Dodurga sits in a plain surrounded on three sides by mountains, the eastern edge is formed by a 17 km long valley of the River K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak. 64% of the land area is the plain, 23% the valley and the remaining 12% being the mountains. Dodurga has a dry climate typical of Central Anatolia, the summers are hot and dry (July average 24 degrees C) and winters are cold (Jan. ave. 1.5) although the nearby Black Sea brings wetter weather in winter. Most of the population live from farming. The land is fertile and\n\nWing Commander: Prophecy is the fifth installment in the Wing Commander science fiction space combat simulator franchise of computer games. The game was originally released in 1997 for Windows, produced by Origin Systems and distributed by Electronic Arts, and in 2003, a GBA conversion was produced by Italy-based Raylight Studios and distributed by Destination Software. The game features a new game engine (the VISION Engine), new spacecraft, characters and story elements. The events depicted in Prophecy are set over a decade after Wing Commander IV: The Price of Freedom and, rather than the Kilrathi, the player must deal with a new alien threat, an insectoid race codenamed Nephilim that has invaded the human galaxy through a wormhole. Prophecy was the first main-line Wing Commander game in which the player did not take on the role of Christopher Blair, instead being introduced to a new player character, Lance Casey. Some of\n\nQuestion: What's Wing Commander: Prophecy?", "output": "Wing Commander: Prophecy is the fifth installment in the Wing Commander science fiction space combat simulator franchise of computer games."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Galoli, or Galolen, are a people of East Timor with a population of about 50,000, primarily along the northern coast of the district of Manatuto. To the west lies the Mambai people. There is an old colony on the southern coast of Wetar island, the Talo, who speak the Talur dialect. Their language, also known as Galoli, is one of the Timor\u2013Babar group of Austronesian languages. It is one of the national languages designated by the constitution of East Timor. Because the area was used as a trading center for different cultures, there are many foreign loan words in the vocabulary, principally from Moluccan and Malay languages. Although it is not spoken by as many people as other national languages, it was adopted by the Roman Catholic Church in the district of Manatuto and thus has become fixed in grammars and dictionaries. Dadu'a is erroneously listed in some sources\n\nAndrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (; 21 May 192114 December 1989) was a Soviet physicist and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, which he was awarded in 1975 for emphasizing human rights around the world. Although he spent his career in physics in the Soviet program of nuclear weapons, overseeing the development of thermonuclear weapons, Sakharov also did fundamental work in understanding particle physics, magnetism, and physical cosmology. Sakharov is mostly known for his political activism for individual freedom, human rights, civil liberties and reforms in Russia, for which he was deemed a dissident and faced persecution from the Soviet establishment. In his memory, the Sakharov Prize was established and is awarded annually by the European Parliament for people and organizations dedicated to human rights and freedoms. Biography Family background and early life Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov was born in Moscow on 21 May 1921, to a Russian family. His father, Dmitri Ivanovich Sakharov,\n\nDaniel Boulud (born 25 March 1955 in Saint-Pierre-de-Chandieu) is a French chef and restaurateur with restaurants in New York City, Palm Beach, Miami, Toronto, Montr\u00e9al, Singapore, the Bahamas, the Berkshires and Dubai. He is best known for his eponymous restaurant Daniel, in New York City, which currently holds two Michelin stars. Boulud was raised on a farm near Lyon and trained by several French chefs. Boulud built a reputation in New York, initially as a chef and more recently as a restaurateur. His management company, The Dinex Group, currently includes fifteen restaurants, three locations of a gourmet cafe (Epicerie Boulud) and Feast & F\u00eates Catering. His restaurants include Daniel, Le Pavillon, Le Gratin, Caf\u00e9 Boulud, Maison Boulud, Joji, and Joji Box, db bistro, Bar Boulud, and Boulud Sud. Culinary background At fifteen, Boulud earned his first professional recognition as a finalist in France's competition for Best Culinary Apprentice. Boulud worked\n\nQuestion: Define Andrei Sakharov.", "output": "Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov was a Soviet physicist and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, which he was awarded in 1975 for emphasizing human rights around the world."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Fort Saskatchewan Traders were an ice hockey team in the Alberta Junior Hockey League. They played in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, Canada, at the Jubilee Recreation Centre, capacity 2000. Founded: 1976\u201377 Division titles won: 1983\u201384 Regular season titles won: 1983\u201384, 1990\u201391, 1992\u201393 League Championships won: 1979, 1984 Doyle Cup Titles: None Royal Bank Cup Titles: None History The team's name comes from Fort Saskatchewan's history as a North-West Mounted Police fort, although it was not actually a trading fort, when it was originally settled in 1875. In 1978\u201379, the Traders completed their most successful season in the AJHL, as they won the league championship, and then defeated the Richmond Sockeyes of the BCHL in the Vernon Cup (forerunner to the Doyle Cup) before falling to the eventual national champion Prince Albert Raiders in six games at the Centennial Cup finals. The Traders fell upon hard times in their last years\n\nLady Jane Cavendish (1621\u20131669) was a noted poet and playwright, the daughter of William Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle and later the wife of Charles Cheyne, Viscount Newhaven. Along with her literary achievements, Jane helped manage her father's properties while he spent the English Civil War in exile; she was responsible for a variety of military correspondences and for salvaging many of her family's valuable possessions. Later in life, she became an important community member in Chelsea, using her resources to make improvements on Chelsea Church and otherwise benefit her friends and neighbours. Marked by vitality, integrity, perseverance and creativity, Jane's life and works tell the story of a Royalist woman's indomitable spirit during the English Civil War and the English Restoration. Early life Born in 1621 to William Cavendish and his first wife, Elizabeth Basset Howard, Jane Cavendish grew up in a prosperous and loving environment. Much of the wealth\n\nAn electride is an ionic compound in which an electron is the anion. Solutions of alkali metals in ammonia are electride salts. In the case of sodium, these blue solutions consist of [Na(NH3)6]+ and solvated electrons: Na + 6 NH3 \u2192 [Na(NH3)6]+ + e\u2212 The cation [Na(NH3)6]+ is an octahedral coordination complex. Solid salts Addition of a complexant like crown ether or [2.2.2]-cryptand to a solution of [Na(NH3)6]+e\u2212 affords [Na (crown ether)]+e\u2212 or [Na(2,2,2-crypt)]+e\u2212. Evaporation of these solutions yields a blue-black paramagnetic solid with the formula [Na(2,2,2-crypt)]+e\u2212. Most solid electride salts decompose above 240 K, although [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e\u2212)4 is stable at room temperature. In these salts, the electron is delocalized between the cations. Electrides are paramagnetic, and are Mott insulators. Properties of these salts have been analyzed. ThI2 and ThI3 have also been reported to be electride compounds. Similarly, , , , and are all electride salts with a tricationic metal\n\nQuestion: What is Fort Saskatchewan Traders", "output": "The Fort Saskatchewan Traders were an ice hockey team in the Alberta Junior Hockey League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Southern Benedictine College was a Catholic Benedictine college and seminary in Cullman, Alabama. Previously called Saint Bernard College, it closed in 1979. Since then, the campus has since been repurposed into St. Bernard Preparatory School by the religious community of Benedictine monks. History Saint Bernard College began conferring degrees in 1893 as a college preparatory school. Between 1948 and 1953, the board of trustees worked on expanding the institution to four-year-college status. The first college class graduated in 1955. A year later, Saint Bernard College received its accreditation as a senior college from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and operated until 1979. It served the secondary-educational needs of hundreds in the baby-boom generation. Many students arriving from the Delaware Valley; New Jersey; Michigan; Georgia; New York; and Knoxville, Tennessee. As part of the switch to tertiary education, the college preparatory program was discontinued in 1962. At that time,\n\nLovere (Bergamasque: ) is a town and comune in the province of Bergamo, in Lombardy, northern Italy, at the northwest end of Lake Iseo. The houses in the city have overhanging wooden roofs, typical of Switzerland, combined with the heavy stone arcades of Italy. It lies on a lake and is flanked by a semicircle of mountains. It is a member of the I Borghi pi\u00f9 belli d'Italia (\"The most beautiful villages of Italy\") association. In 2018, Lovere was the only Lombardy town to finish in the top 20 of Italy's most beautiful towns. History The first known settlement in the Lovere area dates to the 5th and 4th century BC, being of Celtic origin. Later it was conquered by the Romans, attracted by its strategic position location between the Val Camonica and the Val Cavallina, as well as for its transport potential on the Lake Iseo. After the fall\n\nChamatkar () is a 1992 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy fantasy film directed by Rajiv Mehra. The film stars Naseeruddin Shah, Shah Rukh Khan, and Urmila Matondkar in pivotal roles. As of 2016, the rights of this film are owned by Khan's Red Chillies Entertainment. Plot Sunder Srivastava is a young graduate. His main ambition in life is to fulfill his father's dream of starting a school on his half-acre property in his village, though he has no funds to execute his plans. Sunder's childhood friend Prem, a seasoned conman in Mumbai, convinces the gullible Sunder to give him his money in return of mortgage. When Sunder arrives in Mumbai, he is first tricked into losing his luggage, then pick-pocketed and loses any remaining cash he has left. He then figure out that Prem tricked him and fled to Dubai with his money. Sunder is then forced to take shelter in\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Chamatkar is.", "output": "Chamatkar is a 1992 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy fantasy film directed by Rajiv Mehra."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Cold Hands, Warm Heart\" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on September 26, 1964, during the second season. The episode features William Shatner in the lead role as a space explorer, not long before he was cast as Captain Kirk in Star Trek. Shatner's Outer Limits character is involved in a mission called \"Project Vulcan\". During the opening scene, Shatner is shown parking his car and walking into a building at Space Park, right past a reflecting pool where he and other Star Trek crew members beamed down in a 1967 first-season episode, Operation -- Annihilate!. The episode was a Star Trek \"preunion\", as three of the co-stars would later have guest roles in television or film episodes of the series. Malachi Throne portrayed Commodore Mendez in the episode \"The Menagerie\". Lawrence Montaigne portrayed the Romulan Decius in the episode \"Balance of\n\nB\u00e2\u1e33\u00ee (\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0649) was the pen name (Ottoman Turkish: \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0635 mahlas) of the Ottoman Turkish poet Mahmud Abd\u00fclb\u00e2k\u00ee (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0649) (1526 \u2013 1600). Considered one of the greatest contributors to Turkish and Azerbaijani literature. B\u00e2k\u00ee came to be known as Sult\u00e2n\u00fc\u015f-\u015fuar\u00e2 (\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627), or \"Sultan of poets\". Life B\u00e2k\u00ee was born to a poor family in Constantinople, his father being a muezzin at the Fatih Mosque. Originally, his family apprenticed him to a harness-maker, but he would often skip work to attend classes at a nearby medrese, or Islamic school. Because of this, his family eventually allowed him to formally attend school. B\u00e2k\u00ee was a good student, and he attended the lectures of many of the famous lecturers of the time. It was during his school years that his interest in and talent for poetry began to take shape, helped largely by the established poet Z\u00e2t\u00ee (\u0630\u0627\u062a\u06cc) (1471\u20131548). After completing school,\n\nThe Arkansas Derby is an American flat Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds held annually in April at Oaklawn Park in Hot Springs, Arkansas. It is currently a Grade I race run over a distance of 1 1/8 miles (9 furlongs) on dirt. In 2004, to celebrate its 100th anniversary, Oaklawn Park offered a $5 million bonus to any horse that could sweep its three-year-old graded stakes, the Rebel Stakes and the Arkansas Derby, and then take the Kentucky Derby. Smarty Jones's collected the bonus. The exposure from Smarty Jones subsequent run at the Triple Crown helped increase participation from the top three-year-olds in the country to the point where the American Graded Stakes Committee made the Arkansas Derby a Grade I race in 2010. Past winners of the race have gone on to win legs of horse racing's Grand Slam. Sunny's Halo won the 1983 Kentucky Derby, as did Smarty\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Arkansas Derby is.", "output": "The Arkansas Derby is an American flat Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds held annually in April at Oaklawn Park in Hot Springs, Arkansas."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jean-S\u00e9bastien Fecteau (born May 7, 1975) is a Canadian former pair skater. He is a two-time World Junior silver medallist with Caroline Haddad, the 2001 Nebelhorn Trophy silver medallist with Valerie Saurette, and the 2006 Four Continents silver medallist with Utako Wakamatsu. Career From 1990 to 1994, Fecteau competed internationally with Caroline Haddad. They won silver medals at the 1992 and 1994 World Junior Championships. In 1995, Fecteau began competing with Valerie Saurette. They competed on the Grand Prix series for three seasons, twice at the Four Continents (best result was fourth), and once at the World Championships, placing 13th. They won the silver medal at the 2001 Nebelhorn Trophy and three bronze medals at the Canadian Championships. Their partnership ended in early 2002. In April 2002, Fecteau teamed up with Japanese skater Utako Wakamatsu to compete for Canada. In 2003, they won gold medals at the Finlandia Trophy and\n\nBruce Power Limited Partnership is a Canadian business partnership composed of several corporations. It exists (as of 2015) as a partnership between TC Energy (31.6%), BPC Generation Infrastructure Trust (61.4%), the Power Workers Union (4%) and The Society of United Professionals (1.2%). It is the licensed operator of the Bruce Nuclear Generating Station, located on the shores of Lake Huron, roughly 250 kilometres northwest of Toronto, between the towns of Kincardine and Saugeen Shores. It is the third-largest operating nuclear plant in the world by capacity. Bruce Power operates eight nuclear reactors on Lake Huron where it leases the Bruce site from Ontario Power Generation. With those eight units in operation, the facility has a capacity of 5,403 megawatts and typically supplies nearly 30 per cent of the electricity used in Ontario's provincial power grid. Bruce Power became the world's largest operating nuclear facility in 2012, when Units 1 and\n\nAnn Elizabeth Mayer is an Associate Professor of Legal Studies in the Department of Legal Studies and Business Ethics at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Biography Ann E. Mayer has taught law courses on subjects comprising law and policy in international business, globalization and human rights, introductions to U.S. law, comparative law, and Islamic law in contemporary Middle Eastern legal systems. She earned a B.A. in Honors German from the University of Michigan in 1964; a M.A. in Near Eastern Languages and Literatures (Arabic and Persian) from the University of Michigan in 1966; a J.D. from the Law School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1975; a Certificate in Islamic and Comparative Law from the School of Oriental and African Studies of the University of London in 1977 and in 1978 a Ph.D. in Middle Eastern History from the University of Michigan. Research areas Ann E. Mayer\n\nQuestion: What is Bruce Power", "output": "Bruce Power Limited Partnership is a Canadian business partnership composed of several corporations."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Alert pigfish (Alertichthys blacki) is a species of marine ray finned fish, a pigfish belonging to the family Congiopodidae. It is the only species in the monotypic genus Alertichthys. This species is endemic to the waters around New Zealand. Taxonomy The Alert pigfish was first formally described in 1960 by the New Zealand ichthyologist John Munne Moreland with they type locality given as east of the Otago Peninsula at 45\u00b047'S, 171\u00b07'E. Moreland placed his new species in the monotypic genus Alertichthys. The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies Alertichthys within the family Congiopodidae but other authorities classify this genus and Zanclorhynchus within the family Zanclorhynchidae. These fishes are classified within the subfamily Scorpaenoidei within the order Scorpaeniformes. in the Fishes of the World but other authorities place the Scorpaenoidei within the Perciformes. The genus name is a combination of Alert, the name of the research vessel the\n\nBonham Strand (Chinese: \u6587\u54b8\u8857) is a combination of two streets in Sheung Wan, Hong Kong: Bonham Strand (\u6587\u54b8\u6771\u8857) and Bonham Strand West (\u6587\u54b8\u897f\u8857). As the name suggests, it was a strand and close to shore in the past though currently far from the seafront after several reclamations over history. This street renders the early shore line after 1842. The streets are named after Sir George Bonham, the third Governor of Hong Kong (1848\u20131854), who led the reconstruction effort of Sheung Wan after a fire destroyed part of it in 1851. This was the government's first large-scale reclamation and road construction project. Bonham Strand Bonham Strand (\u6587\u54b8\u6771\u8857) starts from Queen's Road Central near Cosco Tower, with several junctions with Jervois Street, Mercer Street, Hillier Street, Clevery Street, Morris Street and Wing Lok Street, then returning to another section of Queen's Road Central in Possession Point. The street is comparatively low to\n\nMarl () is a town and a municipality in the district of Recklinghausen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated near the Wesel-Datteln Canal, approx. 10 km north-west of Recklinghausen. It has about 90,000 people. Geography Location The town adjoins in the north to the woodlands of the Haard and the natural park Hohe Mark. The town forms the smooth transition between the industrial Ruhrgebiet and the rural M\u00fcnsterland. The northern town border coincides nearly completely with the course of the river Lippe. Approximately 60% of the total town area are fields, woods, watercourses, parks and other green areas. Town area Marl has the following urban districts: Neighbour towns In the north Marl adjoins to Haltern am See, in the east to Oer-Erkenschwick, in the southeast to Recklinghausen, in the south to Herten, in the southwest to Gelsenkirchen and in the west to Dorsten. Nature reserves Braucksenke Die Burg (Natura\n\nQuestion: What is Marl, North Rhine-Westphalia?", "output": "Marl is a town and a municipality in the district of Recklinghausen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Emsdetten (; Westphalian: Detten) is a town in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Geography Emsdetten is situated on the river Ems, approx. south-east of Rheine and north-west of M\u00fcnster. Neighbouring places Rheine H\u00f6rstel Saerbeck Greven Nordwalde Steinfurt Neuenkirchen Division of the town Emsdetten consists of 8 districts: Emsdetten Ahlintel Austum Hembergen Hollingen Isendorf Sinningen Westum 2006 school shooting On 20 November 2006, 18-year-old former student Bastian Bosse entered the Geschwister Scholl School, fired several shots and set off smoke grenades. He injured 22 people before killing himself by a shot into the mouth. Even though there were no other fatalities, the shooting was considered the deadliest school shooting in the history of Germany since the Erfurt massacre; this position is now held by the Winnenden school shooting. Twin towns \u2013 sister cities Emsdetten is twinned with: Chojnice, Poland Hengelo, Netherlands Notable people Walt Tkaczuk (born 1947), ice\n\nThe Great Stupa of Dharmakaya Which Liberates Upon Seeing is located at the Shambhala Mountain Center in Colorado, USA. It was built to inter the ashes of Chogyam Trungpa, who died in 1987. In many Buddhist traditions it is common to build a stupa to honour a respected teacher after their death. The site of the Great Stupa of Dharmakaya was first identified as an auspicious location by the 16th Karmapa, head of the Kagy\u00fc school of Tibetan Buddhism, on his first visit to North America in 1974. Construction of the stupa began in 1988. The structure took thirteen years to complete and used a special concrete formula designed to last one thousand years. The Stupa was consecrated in a ceremony that lasted several days in the summer of 2001. This ceremony was attended by many important lamas and students of Chogyam Trungpa. In September 2006, The Dalai Lama visited\n\nCarl Wilhelm Heine (later von Heine) (26 April 1838, in Cannstatt \u2013 9 September 1877, in Cannstatt) was a German physician, surgeon and President of the German medical fraternity of Prague. Start of career and military service Heine was the son of the German doctor and orthopaedist Jakob Heine, who became known as the discoverer of Poliomyelitis. He studied medicine in T\u00fcbingen and W\u00fcrzburg and received his doctor degree in 1861. After assisting his father in his orthopaedic institution he visited several European countries and stayed in Paris, London, Glasgow and Dublin. He reported on his experiences in English hospitals in the 'Journal of the W\u00fcrttembergian Medical Association' ('Correspondenzblatt des W\u00fcrttembergischen \u00c4rztlichen Vereins'). In 1864 he volunteered in the Second war of Schleswig as a military surgeon. He wrote about his experiences in military surgery in a book published in 1866. He was decorated for his merits both from the\n\nQuestion: What is Emsdetten", "output": "Emsdetten is a town in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Francesco \"Ciccio\" Graziani (; born 16 December 1952) is an Italian football manager and former football player who played as a forward. He began his career with Arezzo in 1970, and later joined Torino in 1973, where he remained until 1981, winning a Serie A title in 1976 and the Capocannoniere title as the Serie A top goalscorer in 1977; with 122 total goals scored for Torino, he is the seventh-highest scorer in the history of the Torinese club behind Valentino Mazzola (123). He subsequently moved to Fiorentina, where he narrowly missed out on the Serie A title in his first season, and later also played for Roma between 1983 and 1986, winning two Coppa Italia titles and reaching the 1984 European Cup Final. He later spent two seasons with Udinese, before ending his career with Australian club APIA Leichhardt in 1988. At international level with the Italy national team,\n\nThe Sonex guitars were a range of Gibson electric guitars launched in 1980. They were made from a synthetic material called Resonwood, and manufactured with Multi-phonic body construction. There were four models: Deluxe, Standard, Custom and Artist. They replaced the Marauder and S-1 guitars. Like these two instruments, the Sonex took its styling from the Les Paul guitars that had been popular for the previous decades, but using Resonwood instead of mahogany, bolt-on necks instead of set (glued-in) necks, and far less ornamentation. Note: \"The Sonex Multi-phonic\u2122 body is composed of Resonwood surrounding an inner tone wood core. The tone wood core not only acts as the anchor point for the neck, it also adds acoustic resonance and exceptional body resilience. The Sonex body is so resilient, that its structural properties survived extreme testing in temperatures ranging from \u221240 \u00b0F to 180 \u00b0F.\" Thus, the Resonwood was a coating used\n\nIn number theory, a polite number is a positive integer that can be written as the sum of two or more consecutive positive integers. A positive integer which is not polite is called impolite. The impolite numbers are exactly the powers of two, and the polite numbers are the natural numbers that are not powers of two. Polite numbers have also been called staircase numbers because the Young diagrams which represent graphically the partitions of a polite number into consecutive integers (in the French notation of drawing these diagrams) resemble staircases. If all numbers in the sum are strictly greater than one, the numbers so formed are also called trapezoidal numbers because they represent patterns of points arranged in a trapezoid. The problem of representing numbers as sums of consecutive integers and of counting the number of representations of this type has been studied by Sylvester, Mason, Leveque, and many\n\nQuestion: Who is Francesco Graziani?", "output": "Francesco \"Ciccio\" Graziani is an Italian football manager and former football player who played as a forward."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Open Air Ethnographic Museum \u00abEtar\u00bb (, usually referred to as \u0415\u0442\u044a\u0440\u0430, Etara) is an open-air museum and a neighbourhood of Gabrovo (8 km south of its center) in northern Bulgaria. It is on the northern edge of the Bulgarka Nature Park, between the park and the city of Gabrovo. It presents the Bulgarian customs, culture and craftsmanship. It spans over an area of 7 ha and contains a total of 50 objects, including water installations and houses with craftsmen's workshops attached. As a whole, the complex's goal is to illustrate the architecture, way of life and economy of Gabrovo and the region during the Bulgarian National Revival. The museum's construction started in 1963 under the direction and project of Lazar Donkov. The pre-existing Karadzheyka water-mill, built around 1780, was thoroughly reconstructed, with the other objects being constructed later. The complex was opened on 7 September 1964 and proclaimed a\n\nPierre-Joseph C\u00e9loron de Blainville (29 December 1693, Montreal\u201414 April 1759, Montreal) \u2014 also known as Celeron de Bienville (or C\u00e9leron, or C\u00e9loron, etc.) \u2014 was a French Canadian Officer of Marine. In 1739 and '40 he led a detachment to Louisiana to fight the Chickasaw in the abortive Chickasaw Campaign of 1739. In 1749 he led the 'Lead Plate Expedition' to advance France's territorial claim on the Ohio Valley. Biography Pierre Joseph C\u00e9loron de Blainville was born at Montreal on 29 December 1693. He was the son of Jean-Baptiste C\u00e9loron de Blainville and H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Picot\u00e9 de Belestre. C\u00e9loron entered military service in 1713. At this time the French collaborated with the Indians in pressuring the New England colonies, but his first firm record is an appointment as lieutenant commandant to the post at Michilimackinac in 1734 (Burton, 328). He seems to have been appointed to a second term in 1737,\n\nIan Saville (born 30 April 1953) is a British magician whose act incorporates ventriloquism and comedy. His performance is distinctive primarily for the fact that it is geared towards a comic form of socialist propaganda. He says of his act, \"whereas David Copperfield is content with little tricks like making the Statue of Liberty disappear, I aim at the much more ambitious goal of making International Capitalism and exploitation disappear\". Life and career Saville was born in the East End of London, England, to Jewish parents. He began conjuring at the age of 11. He reached the semi-finals of the Butlins national talent contest. Becoming interested in theatre, he studied drama at the University of Exeter. He toured with the political theatre group Broadside, as well as working in community theatre. In 1979, Saville started developing what he calls his \"socialist magic\" act. He cites Bertolt Brecht as a major\n\nQuestion: Define Pierre Joseph C\u00e9loron de Blainville.", "output": "Pierre-Joseph C\u00e9loron de Blainville \u2014 also known as Celeron de Bienville \u2014 was a French Canadian Officer of Marine."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sherman Municipal Airport is a city-owned public airport located mile southeast of the central business district of Sherman, in Grayson County, Texas. Many U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but this airport is SWI to the FAA and has no IATA code. History The first step to establish Sherman Municipal Airport was taken on 28 November 1928 when the Sherman City Council voted to lease a field southeast of downtown that pilots had been using as a landing area. The airfield was operational by June of the following year. In September 1936, construction began on the first paved runways\u2014a north\u2013south runway and a northwest\u2013southeast runway\u2014funded by a federal grant and in city funds. On 31 December 1949, the Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA) granted Central Airlines permission to serve Sherman Municipal with commercial mail and passenger service, to start on 15 January 1950. However,\n\nThe Vata pagan uprising () was a Hungarian rebellion which, in 1046, brought about the overthrow of King Peter Urseolo, the martyrdom of Bishop Gerard of Csan\u00e1d and the reinstatement of the \u00c1rp\u00e1d dynasty on the Hungarian throne. Background Christianity had been introduced in Hungary by the King Stephen I of Hungary. Upon his death in 1038, he was succeeded by his sororal nephew Peter Urseolo, a Venetian noble. Through tax increases, and Urseolo's involvement with foreign powers, he proved to be an unpopular ruler. The Hungarian peasants, still largely pagan, suspected he was intent on bringing Hungary into the fold of the Holy Roman Empire. In a rebellion in 1041, Stephen's brother-in-law Samuel Aba took control of the throne, overthrowing Urseolo. Urseolo fled to Bavaria, in exile allying himself with German king and Holy Roman Emperor Henry III. In the years that followed, Aba's reign weakened, likely due to\n\nLee Frank \"Pop\" Ivy (January 25, 1916 \u2013 May 17, 2003) was an American football player and coach who was the only person to serve as a head coach in the National Football League (NFL), the American Football League (AFL) and the Western Interprovincial Football Union. College A native of Skiatook, Oklahoma, Ivy was part Native American and earned his nickname because of premature baldness during his playing days. In three years of college football at the University of Oklahoma beginning in 1937, Ivy played both offense and defense for the Sooners, earning All-American honors in 1939 as an end. Ivy never missed a game with the Sooners because of injury, and showed his clutch ability in a 1939 game against the arch-rival Texas Longhorns. Catching a deflected pass late in the contest, Ivy scored the go-ahead touchdown. NFL Ivy was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the 1940 NFL\n\nQuestion: What is Vata pagan uprising?", "output": "The Vata pagan uprising was a Hungarian rebellion which, in 1046, brought about the overthrow of King Peter Urseolo, the martyrdom of Bishop Gerard of Csan\u00e1d and the reinstatement of the \u00c1rp\u00e1d dynasty on the Hungarian throne."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Muratl\u0131 is a municipality and district of Tekirda\u011f Province, Turkey. Its area is 388 km2, and its population is 30,067 (2022). It is located at 24 km north of the town of Tekirda\u011f and on the railway line from Istanbul to the Bulgarian border. The district has hot summers and cold winters. The mayor is Nebi Tepe (CHP). Composition There are 20 neighbourhoods in Muratl\u0131 District: Arzulu A\u015fa\u011f\u0131sevindikli Ayd\u0131nk\u00f6y Balabanl\u0131 Ball\u0131hoca \u00c7evrimkaya Fatih Hano\u011flu \u0130nanl\u0131 \u0130stiklal-Kurtp\u0131nar Kepenekli K\u0131rkkepenekli Muradiye M\u00fcsellim Turan Yava\u015f\u00e7a Ye\u015fils\u0131rt Yukar\u0131sevindikli Yukar\u0131s\u0131rt Yurtbekler Places of interest The railway station - built in 1870; the Orient Express passed through here between Istanbul and Europe. \u0130nanl\u0131 \u00c7e\u015fmesi - a fountain built in 1914 The house that Atat\u00fcrk visited - in 1935 Atat\u00fcrk ordered the construction of a settlement for Turkish refugees from Bulgaria and Romania. On 3 June 1936 he made a visit of inspection to one of the\n\nCHAA-FM is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Longueuil, Quebec, near Montreal. It broadcasts on 103.3 MHz using a directional antenna located on the tower of the Olympic Stadium with an average effective radiated power of 64 watts and a peak effective radiated power of 263 watts (class A). The station operates under a community radio licence and identifies itself as \"FM 103,3\". Despite being near Montreal and having its transmitter, but not its studios, in the city, the station is focused on Longueuil and as such does not attempt to serve Montreal listeners, even though CHAA-FM does have some listeners there as the station's signal is adequate in many parts of the city. Originally broadcasting on 103.1 MHz when it went on the air on November 15, 1987, the station was forced to move to 103.3 MHz in 1996 after CKOD-FM in Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, about west, moved to 103.1\n\nTsintaosaurus (; meaning \"Qingdao lizard\", after the old transliteration \"Tsingtao\") is a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur from China. It was about long and weighed . The type species is Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus, first described by Chinese paleontologist C. C. Young in 1958. As a hadrosaur, Tsintaosaurus had the characteristic 'duck bill' snout and a battery of powerful teeth which it used to chew vegetation. It usually walked on all fours, but could rear up on its hind legs to scout for predators and flee when it spotted one. Like other hadrosaurs, Tsintaosaurus probably lived and traveled in herds. Discovery and naming In 1950, at Hsikou, near Chingkangkou, in Laiyang, Shandong, in the eastern part of China, various remains of large hadrosaurids were uncovered. In 1958 these were described by Chinese paleontologist Yang Zhongjian (\"C.C. Young\") as the type species Tsintaosaurus spinorhinus. The generic name is derived from the city of Qingdao,\n\nQuestion: What's CHAA-FM?", "output": "CHAA-FM is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Longueuil, Quebec, near Montreal."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In many legal jurisdictions related to English common law, affray is a public order offence consisting of the fighting of one or more persons in a public place to the terror (in ) of ordinary people. Depending on their actions, and the laws of the prevailing jurisdiction, those engaged in an affray may also render themselves liable to prosecution for assault, unlawful assembly, or riot; if so, it is for one of these offences that they are usually charged. United Kingdom England and Wales The common law offence of affray was abolished for England and Wales on 1 April 1987. Affray is now a statutory offence that is triable either way. It is created by section 3 of the Public Order Act 1986 which provides: The term \"violence\" is defined by section 8. Section 3(6) once provided that a constable could arrest without warrant anyone he reasonably suspected to be\n\nThe Nanda Devi National Park or Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, established in 1982 is a national park situated around the peak of Nanda Devi (7816 m) in Chamoli Garhwal district of Uttarakhand, in northern India. The entire park lies at an elevation of more than above mean sea level. The National Park was inscribed a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988. It was later expanded and renamed as Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks in 2005. Within the National Park lies the Nanda Devi Sanctuary, a glacial basin surrounded by a ring of peaks between and high, and drained by the Rishi Ganga through the Rishi Ganga Gorge, a steep almost impassable defile. The National Park is embedded in the sized Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, which, in turn, is encompassed in the buffer zone around the Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks UNESCO site. The\n\nNodosauridae is a family of ankylosaurian dinosaurs, from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous period in what is now North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. Description Nodosaurids, like their close relatives the ankylosaurids, were heavily armored dinosaurs adorned with rows of bony armor nodules and spines (osteoderms), which were covered in keratin sheaths. All nodosaurids, like other ankylosaurians, were medium-sized to large, heavily built, quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaurs, possessing small, leaf-shaped teeth. Unlike ankylosaurids, nodosaurids lacked mace-like tail clubs, instead having flexible tail tips. Many nodosaurids had spikes projecting outward from their shoulders. One particularly well-preserved nodosaurid \"mummy\", the holotype of Borealopelta markmitchelli, preserved a nearly complete set of armor in life position, as well as the keratin covering and mineralized remains of the underlying skin, which indicate reddish dorsal pigments in a countershading pattern. Classification The family Nodosauridae was erected by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1890, and anchored\n\nQuestion: What's Nodosauridae?", "output": "Nodosauridae is a family of ankylosaurian dinosaurs, from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous period in what is now North America, South America, Europe, and Asia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Microsoft Mouse is a computer mouse released by Microsoft in 1983. It is the first mouse released by the company, and it was bundled with Microsoft Word, Notepad, and an on-screen teaching tutorial for an initial price of $195. Nicknamed the \"green-eyed mouse\", the Microsoft Mouse featured a pair of green buttons. It also featured a more curved body than the blockier designs more common of mice at the time. As with other mice at the time, the Microsoft Mouse used a steel ball for tracking. The initial version featured an InPort ISA interface, requiring a Microsoft bus card to be installed in the computer. Later versions were available with DE-9 or DB-25 serial connectors. All versions of the Microsoft Mouse could be used with IBM-compatible and other DOS systems. Later Microsoft mice In 1985 Microsoft introduced the \"gray-eyed\" Microsoft Mouse, featuring a higher resolution than competing mice. In\n\nDonald Hanks McMorran RA FRIBA FSA (3 May 1904 \u2013 6 August 1965) was an English architect who is known today for his sensitive continuation of the neo-Georgian and classical tradition in the period after the Second World War. His buildings include halls of residence at the University of Nottingham, Wood Street Police Station in the City of London, public housing schemes around London, the South Block extension to the Old Bailey and civic buildings in Exeter and Bury St Edmunds. Early life and education Donald Hanks McMorran was born in 1904 in Wallasey, Cheshire. His parents, William Edwin McMorran and Edith McMorran (n\u00e9e Hanks) originally came from north London. The family moved back to London and Donald was educated at Harrow County Grammar School. He studied under H. Farquharson in 1921. Career In 1925 McMorran was admitted to the Royal Institute of British Architects as the RIBA Pugin Student.\n\nSackville\u2014Cobequid is a provincial electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. The riding was created in 1978 when the former district of Halifax Cobequid was redistributed. In 1993 the name was changed to Sackville-Cobequid and it gained the Lakeview area from Bedford-Musquodoboit Valley and lost an area north of Beaverbank Road to Sackville-Beaver Bank. In 2003, there were minor changes made to the ridings northern boundary along Second Lake. In 2013, this district lost a small area along its northwestern edge to the new constituency of Sackville-Beaver Bank. Its Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) since 2019 is Steve Craig of the Progressive Conservative party (PC), having succeeded longtime MLA Dave Wilson of the Nova Scotia New Democratic Party (NDP), who served from 2003 until resigning on November 16, 2018, triggering a by-election which Craig won. Geography The land area\n\nQuestion: What's Sackville-Cobequid?", "output": "Sackville\u2014Cobequid is a provincial electoral district in  Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ashvini (\u0905\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0928\u0940 a\u015bvin\u012b) is the first nakshatra (lunar mansion) in Hindu astronomy having a spread from 0\u00b0-0'-0\" to 13\u00b0-20', corresponding to the head of Aries, including the stars \u03b2 and \u03b3 Arietis. The name a\u015bvin\u012b is used by Varahamihira (6th century). The older name of the asterism, found in the Atharvaveda (AVS 19.7; in the dual) and in Panini (4.3.36), was a\u015bvay\u00faj, \"harnessing horses\". Astrology The word Ashvini means horsewoman or born from a female horse. It is said to be a \"Maha-nakshatra\". The mother of Ashwini Kumars is Sanjana, and the father is Sun but in horse form known as Vivaswat. Ashvini is also known as the star of transport. The Chariot of Sun God is pulled by seven horses or the seven colors of the rainbow. Therefore, energy or power is associated with horses and we call it horse-power in literal terms. Ashwini thus relates to speed and\n\nAnchor Stone Blocks () are components of stone construction sets made in Rudolstadt, Germany, marketed as a construction toy. Description Anchor Stone pieces are made of a mixture of quartz sand, chalk, and linseed oil (German Patent 13,770; US Patent 233,780), precisely pressed in molds so that they fit together perfectly. The stones come in three colors in imitation of the red brick, tan limestone, and blue slate of European buildings. They are not recommended for play by children under 3 years of age because of their small size (CE No. 0494). History Origin Anchor stones originated with the wooden building blocks designed by Friedrich Fr\u00f6bel, the creator of the Kindergarten system of education. He had observed how children enjoyed playing with geometrically-shaped blocks. The first Anchor Stone was produced when Otto Lilienthal and his brother Gustav decided to make a model of a stone building, using miniature blocks of\n\nThe people of Cyprus are broadly divided into two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, who share many cultural traits but maintain distinct identities based on ethnicity, religion, language, and close ties with Greece and Turkey respectively. Before the dispute started in 1964 the peoples of Cyprus (then 77.1% Greeks, 18.2% Turks, <5% other communities, primarily Armenians and Maronites) were dispersed over the entire island. The Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974 de facto partitioned the island into two political areas: 99.5% of Greek Cypriots now live in the Republic of Cyprus while 98.7% of Turkish Cypriots live in Northern Cyprus (99.2% of other nationalities live in the Greek Cypriot area in the south). Greek is predominantly spoken in the South, where the majority are Greek Cypriots, and Turkish in the north, where the majority are Turkish Cypriots. English is widely used throughout the island, as a common\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Ashvini is.", "output": "Ashvini is the first nakshatra in Hindu astronomy having a spread from 0\u00b0-0'-0\" to 13\u00b0-20', corresponding to the head of Aries, including the stars \u03b2 and \u03b3 Arietis."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "George David Odom (born October 9, 1942) is a retired American men's college basketball coach. He served as the head coach of the East Carolina Pirates, Wake Forest Demon Deacons and South Carolina Gamecocks. Playing career Odom began his career in sports at Goldsboro High School, in North Carolina, as the captain of his basketball and baseball teams. After graduating in 1961, he attended Guilford College where he played quarterback on the football team for three years, as well as playing basketball for all four years. As a senior in 1965, Odom was named the college's most outstanding athlete. He was also inducted into the Guilford College Athletics Hall of Fame in 1983. Pete Maravich remarked late in his life that he had patterned many of his signature moves off of Odom's game. Early career After graduation in 1965, Odom accepted a job as the coach of Goldsboro High School\n\nReseda Charter High School (RCHS), established in 1955, is located in the Reseda section of the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California, United States. In the fall of 2018, the school became a charter and is now Reseda Charter High School. In the fall of 2020, the school added middle grades becoming 6-12. It is in the Los Angeles Unified School District. The school's Police Academy Magnet and Science Magnet were named a national Magnet School of Distinction by the Magnet Schools of America in 2017, 2018, and 2019. As of July 2017, the school was issued a full six-year term of accreditation by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges' accreditation process. The charter school is now home to Charter Academy 6-12 with enrollment by charter lottery and automatically for former residential boundary students, an International Dual Language Center (Spanish) 6-12, a School for Advanced Studies 6-12:\n\nRodney Herm \"Rod\" Pardey (May 5, 1945 \u2013 August 1, 2020) was an American poker player. Pardey was the father of singer/songwriter and former tour manager of The Killers, Ryan Pardey, as well as professional poker player and singer/songwriter Rodney E. Pardey. Career In Las Vegas, Pardey primarily played seven-card stud. In the late 1970s David Sklansky ranked Pardey the number one seven-card stud player in the world. By the end of the 1970s, Pardey was regularly playing as high as $1,000-$2,000. When hold'em became popular in the 1980s, Pardey expressed his trouble in adjusting. In May 1995, Pardey played regularly in Los Angeles, California. His career tournament poker winnings exceed $725,000. He won two World Series of Poker championships, as well as finishing second in the 2015 \"Super Seniors\" no limit hold'em event. World Series of Poker Bracelets Personal life Rodney was the father of three children: Rodney Erin\n\nQuestion: Define Rodney H. Pardey.", "output": "Rodney Herm \"Rod\" Pardey was an American poker player."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Quest Aerospace is a company based in Cedar City, UT, United States, that designs and produces model rocket kits. Quest Aerospace was founded in 1992 by Bill Stine (son of G. Harry Stine) in Pagosa Springs, Colorado, and produces model rocket kits for various skill levels of modelers, from the beginner to the most highly skilled. In 1995, ToyBiz (now Marvel Entertainment) acquired Quest along with Spectra Star, Inc. In 2003, Bill Stine purchased back Quest Aerospace from Marvel. In 2014, Quest Aerospace was purchased by RCS rocket motor components (Aerotech Consumer Aerospace) and was moved from Pagosa Springs, CO to Cedar City, Utah. Quest's products include model rockets powered by standard 18 mm motors as well as smaller rockets powered by Micro Maxx motors. The company produces both 18 mm motors and Micro Maxx motors for use in its model rocket kits. Powered by compressed black powder motors, some\n\nThe Singer Bowl was the former name for a stadium in the northeastern United States, located in Flushing Meadows\u2013Corona Park in the New York City borough of Queens. It was an early example of naming rights in large venues. History The stadium was designed by Eggers & Higgins and intended to be a temporary structure. It opened in 1964, built by the Singer Sewing Machine Company, and was donated for use at the It was taken over by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation after the conclusion of the fair. It later hosted various Olympic trials and concerts, including the New York Rock Festival in 1968, a concert headlined by with as the opening act on August 2. Later in the month, The Jimi Hendrix Experience and Big Brother and the Holding Company (with Janis Joplin) were also part of the festival at the stadium. Two years\n\nEquity release is a means of retaining use of a house or other asset which has capital value, while also obtaining a lump sum or a steady stream of income, using the value of the asset. It is also possible to make multiple withdrawals with equity release instead of just unlocking one big lump sum. History of equity release in England First recorded use of equity release dates back to 1971. During the period between 1971 and 1991 there was no legislation regulating equity release. In 1992, a ruling under the Equitable Life Assurance Society v Hyman case ruled that the company's directors did not have unlimited power over pension investments. Later on, more legislations were passed, such as the Retirement Income Act of 2000 and Equity Release Council Regulations 2003, which set a debt cap for equity release loans. Anyone offering advice on equity release or providing an equity\n\nQuestion: Define Quest Aerospace.", "output": "Quest Aerospace is a company based in Cedar City, UT, United States, that designs and produces model rocket kits."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Risto Kalevi Jussilainen (born 10 June 1975) is a Finnish former ski jumper. Career Jussilainen's career best achievement was a silver medal in the team large hill competition at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. At World Cup level he won two individual and seven team competitions (normal hill, large hill and ski flying) between 2000 and 2002. In the 2000/01 season he finished third in the overall standings. He also won silver medals in both team competitions (normal and large hills) at the 2001 World Championships. During his career he won two World Cup competitions, an Olympic medal and three World Championship medals. World Cup Standings Wins References 1975 births Living people Sportspeople from Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Ski jumpers at the 2002 Winter Olympics Ski jumpers at the 2006 Winter Olympics Finnish male ski jumpers Olympic ski jumpers for Finland Olympic silver medalists for Finland Olympic medalists in ski\n\nCharles Robert Saunders (July 12, 1946May 2020) was an African-American author and journalist, a pioneer of the \"sword and soul\" literary genre with his Imaro novels. During his long career, he wrote novels, non-fiction, screenplays and radio plays. Life and work Charles Robert Saunders was born on July 3, 1946, in Elizabeth, Pennsylvania, a small town outside Pittsburgh. He later lived in Norristown before going to Lincoln University, from which he graduated in 1968 with a degree in psychology. Drafted to fight in Vietnam in 1969, he instead moved to Canada, living in Toronto and Hamilton, Ontario before a sojourn in Ottawa of fourteen or fifteen years. In 1985 he moved to Nova Scotia, where he lived for the remainder of his life. Nova Scotia's black community is largely descended from African Americans who went over to the British side during the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812;\n\nFrank Norman (9 June 1930 \u2013 23 December 1980) was a British novelist and playwright. His reputation rests on his first memoir Bang to Rights (1958) and his musical play Fings Ain't Wot They Used T'Be (1960), but much of the remainder of his work remains fresh and readable. Norman's early success was based in part on the frankness of his memoirs and in part on the style of his writing, which contained both renditions of cockney speakers and his own poor spelling. Jeffrey Bernard in an obituary of Norman wrote that he was \"a 'natural' writer of considerable wit, powers of sardonic observation and with a razor sharp ear for dialogue particularly as spoken in the underworld.\" Early life Norman was born in Bristol, England, in 1930 and was abandoned by his natural parents. After an unsuccessful adoption, he was committed to a succession of children's homes in and\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Risto Jussilainen.", "output": "Risto Kalevi Jussilainen is a Finnish former ski jumper."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Charles Goodall Lee (1881 \u2013 1973) was an American dentist, and the first licensed Chinese American dentist in California. Lee financed the building of the Chinese American Citizens Alliance lodge in Oakland, California. He graduated from the School of Dentistry at University of the Pacific. Lee was born in 1881 in San Francisco, California to Lee Tong Hay, a lay leader of the forming Chinese Methodist Church associated with Otis Gibson's missions that would become the Chinese Community United Methodist Church. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake Lee relocated to San Jose, California then settling in Oakland becoming Oakland Chinatown's first dentist. His practice continued until his retirement in 1940. He was an active participant in civil affairs founding Oakland's Chinese American Citizens Alliance in 1912. Lee was also a lay leader of the Chinese Community Methodist Church of Oakland, a member of the Oakland Chinese Center and a member\n\nThe Cadillac Orleans was a concept car designed by Cadillac for the 1953 auto show circuit. It was the first four-door hardtop concept. The hardtop design eliminated the traditional B-pillar found on most cars of the era. Powered by a Cadillac V8 engine with an output of , the Orleans was never put into production. The design innovations on this car would not be put into a production car until the 1956 Sedan de Ville. The car also featured suicide doors, a wrap around windshield, full air conditioning, and several safety improvement attempts, such as a feature which resulted in the doors only being able to be opened if the car was in neutral. Another unique luxury feature was the addition of an AC/DC converter and a normal household outlet to allow electronic devices to be plugged into the car. A compartment in the backrest held a men's electric razor,\n\nPicrodon is the name given to a genus of archosaur, possibly a sauropodomorph dinosaur, from the Rhaetian of England which was possibly synonymous with the dubious archosaur Avalonianus. The type, and only species, P. herveyi, was named in 1898. Discovery and naming In 1894, W. A. Sanford described the fossil remains of what he considered to be two large reptiles discovered near Westbury-on-Severn, Glastonbury (Westbury Formation) by Eev. Sydenham H. A. Hervey and Sanford himself. Harry Govier Seeley described the fossils and named two genera: Avalonia (preoccupied; now Avalonianus) and Picrodon; both are based solely on teeth. Only a single tooth, holotype BMNH R2875, belonging to P. herveyi is known, making the remains not sufficient enough to make judgments on its diet or its classification; although it is agreed that Picrodon was an archosaur to some degree. Classification Sanford (1894) classified Picrodon as a reptile, while Seeley (1898) classified Picrodon\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Cadillac Orleans is.", "output": "The Cadillac Orleans was a concept car designed by Cadillac for the 1953 auto show circuit."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Illinois Derby is a race for Thoroughbred horses for three year olds run over a distance of one and one-eighth miles (9 furlongs) on the dirt at Hawthorne Race Course in Stickney, Illinois, just west of Chicago in early April each year. The event was first run in 1923 at the Hawthorne Race Course. The purse is $250,000. History The race was named in honor of the home state in which it was run, the state of Illinois. The inaugural running of the race took place at Hawthorne in 1923 and was won by In Memoriam, the 3 year-old champion with Zev that year. The race was then run at Sportsman's Park from 1924 through 1931. It moved to Aurora Downs racetrack in 1932 and was run there until 1938. In 1939 the race went on hiatus until through 1962. Then the race was revived at Sportsman's Park Racetrack\n\nIn mathematics, the method of matched asymptotic expansions is a common approach to finding an accurate approximation to the solution to an equation, or system of equations. It is particularly used when solving singularly perturbed differential equations. It involves finding several different approximate solutions, each of which is valid (i.e. accurate) for part of the range of the independent variable, and then combining these different solutions together to give a single approximate solution that is valid for the whole range of values of the independent variable. In the Russian literature, these methods were known under the name of \"intermediate asymptotics\" and were introduced in the work of Yakov Zeldovich and Grigory Barenblatt. Method overview In a large class of singularly perturbed problems, the domain may be divided into two or more subdomains. In one of these, often the largest, the solution is accurately approximated by an asymptotic series found by\n\nHood of the Living Dead is a 2005 direct-to-video zombie movie about a regenerative formula bringing the dead back to life. Synopsis Ricky (Carl Washington) is a young scientist living in a poor and violent section of Oakland with his brother Jermaine (Brandon Daniels). Since his parents died, Ricky has been working hard at a laboratory trying to perfect a regenerative formula that could heal dead cells in animals. Ricky disapproves of Jermaine's friends Marco (Raul Martinez) and Kevin (Derek Taylor II) and tells his brother that they will be moving to a safer community at the end of the month. While out with his friends one night, Jermaine is threatened by a group of drug dealers that claim that his brother Ricky reported their illegal activities to the police. That night Jermaine is killed in a drive by shooting. Ricky uses his regenerative formula on Jermaine's corpse. When nothing\n\nQuestion: What is Method of matched asymptotic expansions", "output": "In mathematics, the method of matched asymptotic expansions is a common approach to finding an accurate approximation to the solution to an equation, or system of equations."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Calbindins are three different calcium-binding proteins: calbindin, calretinin and S100G. They were originally described as vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding proteins in the intestine and kidney of chicks and mammals. They are now classified in different subfamilies as they differ in the number of Ca2+ binding EF hands. Calbindin 1 Calbindin 1 or simply calbindin was first shown to be present in the intestine in birds and then found in the mammalian kidney. It is also expressed in a number of neuronal and endocrine cells, particularly in the cerebellum. It is a 28 kDa protein encoded in humans by the CALB1 gene. Calbindin contains 4 active calcium-binding domains, and 2 modified domains that have lost their calcium-binding capacity. Calbindin acts as a calcium buffer and calcium sensor and can hold four Ca2+ in the EF-hands of loops EF1, EF3, EF4 and EF5. The structure of rat calbindin was originally solved by nuclear\n\nSki Dubai is an indoor ski resort with 22,500 square meters of indoor ski area. The park maintains a temperature of -1 degree to 2 degrees Celsius throughout the year. It is a part of the Mall of the Emirates, one of the largest shopping malls in the world, located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It was developed by Majid Al Futtaim Group, which also operates the Mall of the Emirates. Opened in November 2005, the indoor resort features an 85-metre-high indoor mountain (equivalent to a 25-story building) with 5 slopes of varying steepness and difficulty, including a 400-metre-long run, the world's first indoor black diamond run, and various features (boxes, rails, kickers) that are changed on a regular basis. A chairlift and a tow lift carry skiers and snowboarders up the mountain. Equipment such as skis and jackets are provided with the ticket and one can buy equipment in\n\nThe Royd Moor Wind Farm is located at Penistone, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England, and consists of thirteen 450 kW turbines. The site is located approximately north west of Penistone, above the A628 trunk road between Barnsley and Manchester. The turbines are set in two parallel, staggered rows of six and seven, on a ridge in hilly fell land lying above sea level. These turbines were completed in 1993 and are in height to the hub and have a rotor diameter of . The maximum output is 6 mW, equivalent to the annual energy required to power 3,300 homes. The original planning application was for a 25-year operation but an extension until the end of 2027 was granted in 2021. References External links Renewables: Building a Sustainable future for generations to come Buildings and structures in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley Wind farms in England Penistone Power stations in Yorkshire and\n\nQuestion: What is Royd Moor Wind Farm", "output": "The Royd Moor Wind Farm is located at Penistone, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England, and consists of thirteen 450\u00a0kW turbines."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"The New Exhibit\" is an episode of the American television anthology series The Twilight Zone. In this episode a museum worker (played by Martin Balsam) takes a set of wax figures into his home, where they begin to show the homicidal tendencies of the famous murderers they depict. Opening narration Plot Martin Senescu works at a wax museum. His boss and best friend, Mr. Ferguson, informs him that, due to a long-term decline in attendance and his desire to retire, he is selling the museum, which will be torn down and replaced by a supermarket. The dispirited Martin, desperate to save the figures from the \"Murderer's Row\" exhibit - Jack the Ripper, Albert W. Hicks, Henri D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Landru, William Burke and William Hare - volunteers to keep them at his house until a buyer can be found for them. Martin's wife, Emma, becomes frustrated at having the figures in their\n\nAndrew David Booth (born 6 December 1973) is an English former professional footballer who played as a striker. He notably played in the Premier League for both Sheffield Wednesday and Tottenham Hotspur. He also played in the Football League for Huddersfield Town where he played just under 400 league appearances over two spells. He represented his country with the England U21's and was capped three times, scoring two goals. Career Huddersfield Town Booth was born in Huddersfield, England. At the age of 11 he attended Salendine Nook High School. Andy began his career playing for his home town club as a trainee, making his first team debut as a substitute in a 1\u20130 defeat at Fulham in March 1992, but had to wait until November that year to score his first goal (in a 2\u20132 draw at Blackpool) for the club. A few more goals followed in the 1992\u201393 season,\n\nErling Sandberg (3 August 1879 \u2013 30 June 1956) was a Norwegian banker and politician. He was born in New York City. He was an office manager in the Bank of Norway from 1918 to 1919 and deputy chairman from 1919 to 1920. He became chief executive officer of the bank Christiania Bank og Kredittkasse in 1920, and from 1930 he chaired the Norwegian Bankers' Association. He was also known for raising his godson Harald Damsleth, a later Nazi artist. Sandberg still held his offices in 1940, when the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany started. On 25 September 1940, when Josef Terboven assumed full power in the country, Sandberg was named as Minister of Finance. The Norwegian Fascist party Nasjonal Samling had some influence in naming the cabinet ministers, but Sandberg was one of the non-political cabinet members (together with Sigurd Johannessen and \u00d8ystein Ravner) as demanded by Reichskommissariat\n\nQuestion: Who is Erling Sandberg", "output": "Erling Sandberg was a Norwegian banker and politician."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Marion \"Mack\" Boyd Stokes (December 21, 1911 \u2013 November 21, 2012) was an American bishop of the United Methodist Church, elected in 1972. He was born in Wonsan, Korea of missionary parents. He is a graduate of Asbury College (A.B. degree), Duke Divinity School (B.D. degree, 1935), and Boston University (Ph.D. degree). He was a professor of systematic theology and Christian doctrine at Candler School of Theology at Emory University from 1941 until 1972. After retiring as a bishop, Stokes served as associate dean and professor of theology at Oral Roberts University, Tulsa, Oklahoma. He died at the age of 100 in 2012. Selected writings The Bible in the Wesleyan Heritage, Nashville, Abingdon, 1981. Major United Methodist Beliefs (Revised and Enlarged), Nashville, Abingdon, 1971 (previous editions: 1955 and 1956). See also List of bishops of the United Methodist Church References 1911 births 2012 deaths American centenarians American United Methodist bishops\n\nwas a Japanese philosopher, best known for his work in the philosophy of religion dealing mostly with western religion and also western philosophical thoughts in theological aspects of Christianity. Biography Hatano was born in Matsumoto in Nagano Prefecture, and educated at Tokyo Imperial University, from which he graduated in 1899. He was very influential in stimulating the study in Japan of Western philosophy and religion, both through his teaching (he was the first to teach the history of Western philosophy at Tokyo Semmon Gakko, now Waseda University), and through his early writings. These included An Outline of the History of Western Philosophy (1897), The Origins of Christianity (1909), and A Study of Spinoza (1904\u20131905). The last of these was originally written in German and only translated into Japanese in 1910). It was reprinted after WW2. He opposed a positivist approach to religion, arguing that though rationality underpinned religious beliefs, it\n\nA search engine is a software system that finds web pages that match a web search. They search the World Wide Web in a systematic way for particular information specified in a textual web search query. The search results are generally presented in a line of results, often referred to as search engine results pages (SERPs). The information may be a mix of hyperlinks to web pages, images, videos, infographics, articles, and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Unlike web directories and social bookmarking sites, which are maintained by human editors, search engines also maintain real-time information by running an algorithm on a web crawler. Any internet-based content that cannot be indexed and searched by a web search engine falls under the category of deep web. History Pre-1990s A system for locating published information intended to overcome the ever-increasing difficulty\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Search engine is.", "output": "A search engine is a software system that finds web pages that match a web search."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Armand \"Bep\" Guidolin (December 9, 1925 \u2013 November 24, 2008) was a Canadian ice hockey player and coach. He is notable for being the youngest player in National Hockey League history. He was born in Thorold, Ontario. He and Eleanor, his wife of 62 years, had four children. His family moved to Timmins, Ontario. Guidolin stood 5'8\" at 175 lbs, and was a left-shooting left winger in the NHL. He later went on to a coaching career. He was nicknamed \"Bep\" because his mother spoke Italian and very little English. Armand was the baby of the family and his mother pronounced baby as \"beppy\". The nickname stuck and was shortened to \"Bep\". He is the cousin of fellow NHL player and coach Aldo Guidolin. Early life Guidolin and his family moved to Timmins when he was young. It was there that he learned how to skate at the age of\n\nKumzar (), is a village in Musandam, the northernmost province of Oman. It is the second most northerly inhabited part of the country, and the most northerly inhabited part on its mainland, located on the Strait of Hormuz. The village is only accessible by boat, and is so isolated that its inhabitants speak in their own language, known as Kumzari. Etymology There are two main theories on the origin of the name. The first states that the name originates from the Arabic phrase kam zara hatha al-balada min bashar, which expresses exclamation at the large number of visitors to the village. The first two words of the phrase - kam zara - eventually became Kumzar. The other theory is that the word Kumzar is a merge between the words kummah, a headdress, and izaar, a traditional loose garment for the lower body. However, this theory is discredited by the fact\n\nThe Popular Front for the Liberation of Chad (Front Populaire pour la Lib\u00e9ration du Tchad or FPLT) was a small insurgent group active during the First Chadian Civil War. Founded in 1968 by Awad Mukhtar Nasser, it was based in Sudan and operated along the Chad-Sudan border. After the fall of Fran\u00e7ois Tombalbaye's regime in 1975, it gave up armed struggle as its leadership reconciled with F\u00e9lix Malloum's new government. In 1979 the FPLT reemerged, always under the leadership of Nasser. With few or no roots in Chad, the group was formed mainly to participate to the peace conferences that were being held in Nigeria, where it was meant to represent Sudanese interests. But this plan failed since the FPLT played no part neither in the Kano Accord, nor in the Lagos Accord. All the same the FPLT remained Sudan's main agent in the country till 1982 when Sudan gave\n\nQuestion: What is Bep Guidolin?", "output": "Armand \"Bep\" Guidolin was a Canadian ice hockey player and coach."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hendrik Jules Joseph \"Rik\" Daems (born 18 August 1959) is a Belgian painter, wine trader and politician who served as the president of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from 2020 to 2022, a 70-year-old body bringing together parliamentarians from 47 nations of the Council of Europe. He is a former member of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives for the Flemish Liberals and Democrats (VLD) and member of the city council of Leuven. Early life and education Rik Daems' father, , was a senator and Secretary of State for the Party for Freedom and Progress (PVV). Rik Daems studied Latin and mathematics at the Keerbergen high school (1977). Afterwards he studied at the Solvay Business School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Political career In addition to his role in national politics, Daems has been a member of the Belgian delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of\n\nKevin Jermaine \"Kay-Jay\" Harris (born March 27, 1979) is a former American football running back. He was signed by the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at West Virginia. Harris has also been a member of the St. Louis Rams and New York Giants. Early years Harris played football, baseball, basketball, and track at Tampa Bay Technical High School in Tampa, Florida. He was drafted by the Texas Rangers for baseball and played four years of Class A ball before concentrating on football. College career Harris attended Garden City Community College in Garden City, Kansas before transferring to West Virginia for his final two years. In two years with the Mountaineers, Harris started six of 23 games played, rushing for 1,483 yards and 14 touchdowns on 256 attempts, and added 25 receptions for 292 yards and three touchdowns. He also earned second-team all-Big\n\nCircle of Dead Children is an American deathgrind band formed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1998. After the release of a self-titled demo that was put out the same year they formed, Circle of Dead Children signed on with Willowtip Records to release their debut full-length album, Starving the Vultures, which comprised the demo tracks as well as several new ones. After leaving Willowtip Circle of Dead Children, one after another, signed to numerous other labels including S.O.A. Records, Robodog Records (now called Robotic Empire), Necropolis Records, Deathvomit Records, Martyr Music Group, Earache Records, Displeased Records and Candlelight Records. Since the group's debut, the band has undergone numerous lineup changes; the only remaining original and consistent member is Joe Horvath. History Formation and early history Circle of Dead Children formed after Joe Horvath and Jason Andrews previous band, .blackwel. had broken up. They joined with John Kubacka, David Good and Jon\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Circle of Dead Children is.", "output": "Circle of Dead Children is an American deathgrind band formed in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1998."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rob Swift (born Robert Aguilar; May 14, 1972) is an American hip hop DJ and turntablist. He was an original member of the turntablist group The X-Ecutioners until 2004. He has also released numerous solo albums and collaborated with various artists, including Mike Patton, Patton's project Peeping Tom, Dan the Automator and Handsome Boy Modeling School, Lords of Acid, Portugal. The Man, and Herbie Hancock. From January 2010 through May 2015, Swift hosted the online hip-hop radio show Dope on Plastic on Scion A/V Streaming Radio 17. In August 2012, Swift became the resident DJ for a new late night college sports TV talk show on ESPNU called UNITE. In September 2014, Swift became a Professor at the New School for Liberal Arts in New York City. He is currently teaching the DJ Skills & Styles course and his research includes Hip Hop History and culture as well as Musical\n\nThree Rivers Park District is a special park district serving the suburban areas of the Twin Cities including suburban Hennepin, Carver, Dakota, Scott, and Ramsey counties. Three Rivers's mission is \"To promote environmental stewardship through recreation and education in a natural resources-based park system.\" Three Rivers operates twenty parks and ten regional trails, with at least two more regional trails planned. Nearly seven million people visit Three Rivers facilities each year. It has over of parks and trails. History A park system in Hennepin County outside of Minneapolis was proposed as early as 1901, but it was not until 1955 that the Minnesota Legislature passed the legislation that cleared the way to establish the park system in 1957. It was then known as the Hennepin County Park Reserve District. In its first decade, the Park District purchased nearly of property, mostly farmland in Hennepin County's fast-growing suburban areas. In 1967,\n\nThe lateral meniscus (external semilunar fibrocartilage) is a fibrocartilaginous band that spans the lateral side of the interior of the knee joint. It is one of two menisci of the knee, the other being the medial meniscus. It is nearly circular and covers a larger portion of the articular surface than the medial. It can occasionally be injured or torn by twisting the knee or applying direct force, as seen in contact sports. Structure The lateral meniscus is grooved laterally for the tendon of the popliteus, which separates it from the fibular collateral ligament. Its anterior end is attached in front of the intercondyloid eminence of the tibia, lateral to, and behind, the anterior cruciate ligament, with which it blends; the posterior end is attached behind the intercondyloid eminence of the tibia and in front of the posterior end of the medial meniscus. The anterior attachment of the lateral meniscus\n\nQuestion: Who is Rob Swift", "output": "Rob Swift is an American hip hop DJ and turntablist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Pierre-Alexis \"Pitre\" Tremblay (December 27, 1827 \u2013 January 4, 1879) was a surveyor and Quebec political figure. He was a Liberal Member of Parliament from 1867 to 1875 and 1878 to 1879. He was born in La Malbaie, Lower Canada, in 1827 and studied at the Petit S\u00e9minaire of Quebec. Near the end of 1853, he began carrying out surveys in the Saguenay region. As a journalist, he contributed to a number of newspapers of the time: Le Canadien, La Nation, Le National, L\u2019\u00c9v\u00e9nement and L\u2019\u00c9claireur. He was elected to Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada for Chicoutimi\u2014Saguenay in an 1865 by-election. In 1867, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in Chicoutimi-Saguenay; in the same year he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the same riding; such dual mandates were legal at the time. He was re-elected provincially in 1871 in the\n\nThe Baroque (, ; ) or Baroquism is a Western style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from the early 17th century until the 1750s. It followed Renaissance art and Mannerism and preceded the Rococo (in the past often referred to as \"late Baroque\") and Neoclassical styles. It was encouraged by the Catholic Church as a means to counter the simplicity and austerity of Protestant architecture, art, and music, though Lutheran Baroque art developed in parts of Europe as well. The Baroque style used contrast, movement, exuberant detail, deep color, grandeur, and surprise to achieve a sense of awe. The style began at the start of the 17th century in Rome, then spread rapidly to the rest of Italy, France, Spain, and Portugal, then to Austria, southern Germany, and Poland. By the 1730s, it had evolved into an even more flamboyant style, called rocaille\n\nErythema migrans or erythema chronicum migrans is an expanding rash often seen in the early stage of Lyme disease, and can also (but less commonly) be caused by southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI). It can appear anywhere from one day to one month after a tick bite. This rash does not represent an allergic reaction to the bite, but rather an actual skin infection of one of the Lyme bacteria species from the genus Borrelia. The rash's name comes from Neo-Latin for \"migrating redness\". Lyme disease \"Erythema migrans is the only manifestation of Lyme disease in the United States that is sufficiently distinctive to allow clinical diagnosis in the absence of laboratory confirmation.\" Often, but not always, mentions of a target lesion (bull's-eye lesion) are talking about erythema migrans. However, the appearance of erythema migrans can vary considerably: while some look like a bull's eye, in the U.S. most are\n\nQuestion: Define Erythema migrans.", "output": "Erythema migrans or erythema chronicum migrans is an expanding rash often seen in the early stage of Lyme disease, and can also be caused by southern tick-associated rash illness."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Edinburgh Geographical Institute was founded as a map publishers by famed Scottish geographer and cartographer John George Bartholomew in 1888. History Around 1826 John Bartholomew Sr. opened a firm dedicated to the production of maps called 'John Bartholomew and Sons'. In 1888, John George Bartholomew, having taken over the company and hoping to create 'a site for the promotion of national geographic knowledge', renamed the publishers to the 'Edinburgh Geographical Institute'. With the demolition of John's family home, Falcon Hall, the Palladian fa\u00e7ade was removed to a new site on Duncan Street in the Newington district of Edinburgh, to serve as the fa\u00e7ade of the new Edinburgh Geographical Institute. The name was inscribed into the stone and remains there to this day. Until 1962 the firm was the Geographer and Cartographer to the King for Scotland. The Institute continued to produce high quality maps from their new premises until\n\nA reed pipe (also referred to as a lingual pipe) is an organ pipe that is sounded by a vibrating brass strip known as a reed. Air under pressure (referred to as wind) is directed towards the reed, which vibrates at a specific pitch. This is in contrast to flue pipes, which contain no moving parts and produce sound solely through the vibration of air molecules. Reed pipes are common components of pipe organs. Stop Reed pipes include all stops of the \"Reed\" class, and some stops from the \"Hybrid\" class. The reed stops of an organ are collectively called the \"reed-work\". Construction A reed pipe comprises a metal tongue (the reed) which rests against a shallot, in which is carved a tunnel. The reed and shallot are held in place by a wooden wedge. This assembly protrudes from the underside of the block and hangs down into the boot.\n\nChristopher Columbus mistakenly thought that Cuba was Cipango, the fabled country of wealth, pearls, precious stones, and spices that Marco Polo said was located approximately 1500 miles off the coast of India. As a result, he altered his course to the southwest, and on October 28, 1492, he landed in Cuba. The island of Cuba was inhabited by various Amerindian cultures prior to the arrival of the explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492. After his arrival, Spain conquered Cuba and appointed Spanish governors to rule in Havana. The administrators in Cuba were subject to the Viceroy of New Spain and the local authorities in Hispaniola. In 1762\u201363, Havana was briefly occupied by Britain, before being returned to Spain in exchange for Florida. A series of rebellions between 1868 and 1898, led by General M\u00e1ximo G\u00f3mez, failed to end Spanish rule and claimed the lives of 49,000 Cuban guerrillas and 126,000 Spanish\n\nQuestion: What's Reed pipe?", "output": "A reed pipe is an organ pipe that is sounded by a vibrating brass strip known as a reed."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "FashionTelevision, also known as FT, is a Canadian-produced special interest show focusing on fashion. The show, created by Jay Levine in 1985, was last hosted by Jeanne Beker. Production of the broadcast ended on April 11, 2012. The program was originally a local production of CITY-TV Toronto, the original Citytv station. Its popularity there led it to eventually be carried across Canada on various channels owned by CHUM Limited, the station's owner, later spawning its own specialty cable channel, Fashion Television. The show was also broadcast in syndication for many years on VH1, E! and sister network style in the United States, and it continues to air in many parts of Europe, making Beker a very recognizable person in the fashion world. The show's theme song was \"Obsession\" by the group Animotion. CTV's parent company, CTVglobemedia, bought out CHUM in June 2007. CityTV, which remained the nominal producer of the\n\nPa\u0142uki is a historic and ethnographic region lying in central Poland, part of Greater Poland neighbouring Pomerania and Kuyavia. In terms of administrative division the region lies in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship and Greater Poland Voivodship. A diverse relief, forests and numerous lakes serve as tourist attractions. Pa\u0142uki is commonly called \"the land of 130 lakes\" or sometimes even \"Little Mazury\". The \"Piast Trail\", leading through several places connected with the origins of the Polish State (Gniezno, Kruszwica), runs across the south of Pa\u0142uki. \u017bnin, Szubin, Kcynia and Barcin are major towns of the regions. Biskupin, Wenecja and G\u0105sawa also attract visitors. The name Pa\u0142uki is likely derived from \u0142uk, \u0142\u0119k, or \u0142\u0119g, signifying grassy lowlands between arable land. An alternative theory suggests the name comes from the shape of the small hilltops which dot the landscape. The name appeared in the 14th century in the Latin form terra Palucacensis in documents\n\nB\u00e0squet Manresa, S.A.D., also known as Baxi Manresa for sponsorship reasons, is a professional basketball club based in Manresa, Spain. The team plays in the Liga ACB and Basketball Champions League. Their home arena is the Pavell\u00f3 Nou Congost. B\u00e0squet Manresa has won the Spanish Championship once, in 1998. Joan \"Chichi\" Creus is the team's most decorated player; he was the Spanish Cup Most Valuable Player in 1996, and the ACB Finals MVP two years later. Some others well known players that had played for B\u00e0squet Manresa are Juan Domingo de la Cruz, Roger Esteller, Derrick Alston, Serge Ibaka, Andr\u00e9s Nocioni, Rolando Frazer, and the Basketball Hall of Famer George Gervin, that at the age of 38 spent one year in the team, averaging 23.1 points and helping them to avoid the relegation from the Spanish top division. History B\u00e0squet Manresa was founded in 1931 with the name of Manresa\n\nQuestion: What is Pa\u0142uki", "output": "Pa\u0142uki is a historic and ethnographic region lying in central Poland, part of Greater Poland neighbouring Pomerania and Kuyavia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "South Surrey Park is a park in Melbourne, Australia, located in the suburb of Surrey Hills. The park is progressively being replanted with indigenous native species. It is currently maintained by the City of Boroondara and the Friends of South Surrey Park. South Surrey Park follows the course of Back Creek from Union Road in the north to Riversdale Road in the South. There are well graded walking paths throughout the park, and a children's playground adjacent to Verdun Street. History The park was formed on land owned by Mr W. Kleinert, a coachbuilder and blacksmith of 34 Union Road. A footbridge across the creek in the park was opened with ceremony in 1937 by the Governor of Victoria, Sir Winston Duggan. The footbridge partially collapsed in the 1990s and was rebuilt using only some new material, giving it a mish-mash appearance today. External links South Surrey Park - City\n\nRakan Ben Williams is a name used by various Islamist propaganda outlets to identify a supposed Westerner who converted to Islam and became an al-Qaeda linked terrorist. For example, on March 10, 2006 a warning was issued through the Global Islamic Media Front stating that Rakan Ben Williams was about to commit an act of terrorism in the US. Despite attention in the right-wing blogosphere, \"Williams's\" fancied exploits, such as a pre-announced assassination of Silvio Berlusconi, received little attention in the traditional Western news media. Rachel Maddow later linked the \"Williams\" character to \"Rakan the Lone Warrior,\" a popular Middle Eastern comic book hero: \"So to recap, today's al-Qaeda news, a probably fake American al-Qaeda convert named after a comic book character raised by a saber-toothed tiger wants President Obama to not be like LeVar Burton, ...\" See also List of notable converts to Islam Islamist terrorism References Converts to\n\nThe Library of Adventures () is a popular series of adventure novels published by Detgiz in the Soviet Union in 1955 and reprinted in 1981. The series, much sought after by Soviet book collectors, comprised twenty books, more or less accurately reflecting the tastes of an adolescent Russophone readership. Alexandre Dumas, p\u00e8re. The Three Musketeers. Arthur Conan Doyle. The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes. Aleksei Tolstoy. The Garin Death Ray. Aelita. Anatoly Rybakov. The Dagger. The Bronze Bird. Vladimir Obruchev. Plutonia. Sannikov Land. Veniamin Kaverin. The Two Captains. Walter Scott. Quentin Durward. Rider Haggard. King Solomon's Mines. Fair Margaret. Gustave Aimard. Gambusino. Georgy Adamov. The Mystery of Two Oceans. Daniel Defoe. Robinson Crusoe. Jonathan Swift. Gulliver's Travels. Jules Verne. In Search of the Castaways. Ivan Efremov. The Land of Foam. The Starships. Louis Boussenard. The Diamond Raiders. Thomas Mayne Reid. Osceola. Mark Twain. Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.\n\nQuestion: What is Rakan Ben Williams", "output": "Rakan Ben Williams is a name used by various Islamist propaganda outlets to identify a supposed Westerner who converted to Islam and became an al-Qaeda linked terrorist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Saltley is an inner-city area of Birmingham, England, east of the city centre. The area is part of the Washwood Heath ward, and was previously part of the Nechells ward. It is part of the Ladywood constituency in the city. History Saltley was originally an unverified parish within the estate of the Adderley family and their descendants, who had built their original residence Saltley Hall on the site of what is now Adderley Park. As water became a key resource, the family moved their residence to Hams Hall for better access to the River Tame. When the English Civil War occurred, the Adderleys like most gentry chose to support the Royalist cause, and paid heavy fines afterwards for being on the losing side. In 1845 railway carriage makers Joseph Wright and Sons relocated from London to a factory built on meadowlands in Saltley; the company eventually became Metro-Cammell, who remained\n\nJos\u00e9 Revueltas S\u00e1nchez (November 20, 1914 in Santiago Papasquiaro, Durango \u2013 April 14, 1976 in Mexico City) was a Mexican writer, essayist, and political activist. He was part of an important artistic family that included his siblings Silvestre (composer), Ferm\u00edn (painter) and Rosaura (actress). Biography Early life Jos\u00e9 Revueltas S\u00e1nchez was born on November 20, 1914, in Santiago Papasquiaro, Durango. In 1920, the family relocated to Mexico City, first to the colonia Roma and then to colonia Doctores. He studied at the Colegio Alem\u00e1n until the fourth grade and finished his primary education in public school. The family entered an economic crisis after the death of his father In 1923. He left school in 1925, but continued through self-education in the Biblioteca Nacional. Political activism Revueltas joined the Mexican Communist Party in 1928, but was expelled in 1943 for his criticisms of the organization's bureaucratic practices and for his critique\n\nGyala Peri (Chinese: \u52a0\u62c9\u767d\u5792, Pinyin: Ji\u0101l\u0101b\u00e1il\u011bi) is a peak just beyond the eastern end of the Himalayas at the entrance to Tsangpo gorge. It is part of Nyenchen Tanglha Shan, although it is sometimes included in Namcha Barwa Himal of the Himalayas. Gyala Peri lies just north of the Great Bend of the Yarlung Tsangpo River, the main river of southeastern Tibet, which becomes the Brahmaputra in India. It is NNW of the higher Namcha Barwa. Notable features Gyala Peri has great vertical relief above the Tsangpo gorge and is the highest peak of the Nyenchen Tanglha Shan. Climbing history The first ascent of Gyala Peri was in 1986, by a Japanese expedition, via the South Ridge. The group spent about 1 months on the mountain. The U.K. Alpine Club's Himalayan Index lists no other ascents. Gallery See also Geology of the Himalaya Footnotes Other sources External links Gyala Peri\n\nQuestion: Define Jos\u00e9 Revueltas.", "output": "Jos\u00e9 Revueltas S\u00e1nchez was a Mexican writer, essayist, and political activist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Graeme William Walter Barker, (born 23 October 1946) is a British archaeologist, notable for his work on the Italian Bronze Age, the Roman occupation of Libya, and landscape archaeology. Early life and education Barker was born on 23 October 1946. He was educated at Alleyn's School, then a direct grant grammar school in Dulwich. He studied for the classical tripos at St John's College, Cambridge, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree; as per tradition, his BA was promoted to a Master of Arts (MA Cantab) degree. He remained at Cambridge to take his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree, which he completed in 1973 with a doctoral thesis titled \"Prehistoric economies and cultures in Central Italy.\". Academic career In 1972, Barker joined the University of Sheffield as a lecturer in prehistory and archaeology. He was promoted to senior lecturer in 1981, and was additionally Director of the British School\n\nWindows Anytime Upgrade (Add Features to Windows) was a service by Microsoft introduced in Windows Vista that facilitated upgrades across successive editions of Windows Vista. Prices for upgrades purchased through Windows Anytime Upgrade were lower than prices for upgrades purchased at retail. Windows Anytime Upgrade is included in Windows 7 to allow users to upgrade to Windows 7 editions. In Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 it was rebranded as Add Features to Windows and was used to purchase an upgrade license for the Pro edition or to add Windows Media Center to an existing Pro installation. Support for this feature was discontinued on October 31, 2015. History Windows Anytime Upgrade was in development prior to the development reset of Windows Vista, then known by its codename \"Longhorn.\" A preliminary version of the feature can be seen in build 4093. On February 26, 2006, Microsoft announced the editions of Windows Vista\n\nKicking King (10 April 1998 \u2013 21 March 2023) was a National Hunt racehorse trained in Straffan, County Kildare, Ireland, by Tom Taaffe. He is best known for completing the King George VI Chase-Cheltenham Gold Cup double in the 2004/05 National Hunt season. He was ridden in all his races over jumps by Barry Geraghty. Kicking King won a bumper at Leopardstown on his first appearance on a racecourse in January 2002. The following season he won three times over hurdles in Ireland before making his first appearance in Britain at the 2003 Cheltenham Festival, where he ran second to the favourite, Back In Front, in the Grade 1 Supreme Novices' Hurdle. In the 2003/04 season the five-year-old was introduced to novice chasing. After coming fifth and falling in his first two attempts, he won a novice chase at Punchestown and then secured his first Grade 1 win in the\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Graeme Barker.", "output": "Graeme William Walter Barker, is a British archaeologist, notable for his work on the Italian Bronze Age, the Roman occupation of Libya, and landscape archaeology."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Morden Colliery Historic Provincial Park is a historic provincial park near the east coast of southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia. The location off BC Highway 19 is about by road northwest of Victoria, and south of Nanaimo. Railway In 1909, the Pacific Coast Coal Mining Co. (PCCM) opened a standard-gauge railway line from Fiddick's Junction on the E&N Railway line to Boat Harbour for loading coal into the holds of vessels. The next year, the line extended westward to the Fiddick Colliery. In early 1915, 19 men drowned in the Fiddick mine disaster. Late the next year, all production ceased, and all workers transferred southeast to the PCCM Morden Colliery. Morden Colliery On the existing PCCM Fiddick railway line, work commenced on the Morden mine shafts (nos. 3 and 4) in 1912, but the coal seam was not reached until a year later. A yearlong strike in 1913\u20131914 allowed the\n\nTurgor pressure is the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall. It is also called hydrostatic pressure, and is defined as the pressure in a fluid measured at a certain point within itself when at equilibrium. Generally, turgor pressure is caused by the osmotic flow of water and occurs in plants, fungi, and bacteria. The phenomenon is also observed in protists that have cell walls. This system is not seen in animal cells, as the absence of a cell wall would cause the cell to lyse when under too much pressure. The pressure exerted by the osmotic flow of water is called turgidity. It is caused by the osmotic flow of water through a selectively permeable membrane. Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from a volume with a low solute concentration to one with a higher solute concentration is called osmotic flow. In\n\nExternal counterpulsation therapy (ECP) is a procedure that may be performed on individuals with angina, heart failure, or cardiomyopathy. Medical uses The FDA approved the CardiAssistTM ECP system for the treatment of angina, acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock under a 510(k) submission in 1980 Since then, additional ECP devices have been cleared by the FDA for use in treating stable or unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, and congestive heart failure. Studies have found EECP to be beneficial for patients with erectile dysfunction and some COPD patients. Additionally, improvements in exercise endurance in the non-diseased patient has been found in research studies. Some reviews did not find sufficient evidence that it was useful for either angina or heart failure. Other reviews found tentative benefit in those with angina that does not improve with medications. For stroke due to lack of blood flow a 2012 Cochrane review found\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Turgor pressure is.", "output": "Turgor pressure is the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alfonso the Magnanimous (Alfons el Magn\u00e0nim in Catalan) (139627 June 1458) was King of Aragon and King of Sicily (as Alfonso V) and the ruler of the Crown of Aragon from 1416 and King of Naples (as Alfonso I) from 1442 until his death. He was involved with struggles to the throne of the Kingdom of Naples with Louis III of Anjou, Joanna II of Naples and their supporters, but ultimately failed and lost Naples in 1424. He recaptured it in 1442 and was crowned king of Naples. He had good relations with his vassal, Stjepan Kosa\u010da, and his ally, Skanderbeg, providing assistance in their struggles in the Balkans. He led diplomatic contacts with the Ethiopian Empire and was a prominent political figure of the early Renaissance, being a supporter of literature as well as commissioning several constructions for the Castel Nuovo. Early life Born at Medina del Campo, he\n\n\"No Bravery\" is a pop rock song written by British singer James Blunt and Sacha Skarbek for Blunt's debut album Back to Bedlam. The song was produced by Tom Rothrock and Jimmy Hogarth and received a positive reception from music critics. The song is written about Kosovo war while Blunt was serving there with NATO peacekeepers. It was released as the fifth single in April 2006, exclusively in France. The track peaked at No. 15 there. Release The single was released on one physical format, including the album version of the track backed with an exclusive live version recorded at 93 Feet East in London. Music video \"No Bravery\" featured a music video that was directed by Paul Heyes and was filmed on 11 February 2006 in The Far East. In the video, Blunt is featured walking through a Kosovo war zone, reflecting on his army days and remembering events\n\nRidley Bent is the stage name of Brian Daniel Fowler, a Canadian country singer-songwriter. Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Bent was raised throughout Canada in a military family. He formally launched his musical career in 2000 in British Columbia, including performances as an opening act for Great Big Sea and Sam Roberts. His debut album, Blam!, was released on MapleMusic Recordings in 2005, and was marked by a style that incorporated country, rock and hip hop influences, in a manner similar to Buck 65. The album was produced by Chin Injeti, formerly of the R&B band Bass is Base. Described by Bent as \"hick hop\", the album was best known for the single \"Suicidewinder\". His subsequent albums, 2007's Buckles and Boots and 2010's Rabbit on My Wheel, pursued a more conventional country sound. In early 2009, Bent's song \"Nine Inch Nails\" won in the 8th Annual Independent Music Awards and\n\nQuestion: Define Ridley Bent.", "output": "Ridley Bent is the stage name of Brian Daniel Fowler, a Canadian country singer-songwriter."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Xianning () is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Hubei province, People's Republic of China, bordering Jiangxi to the southeast and Hunan to the southwest. It is known as the \"City of Osmanthus\". Geography and climate Xianning is located in southeastern Hubei province, just south of Wuhan, between the southern bank of the Yangtze River in the north and the Mufu Mountains in the south. It borders Jiangxi to the southeast and Hunan to the southwest. It is called Hubei's southern gateway. Xianning is hilly and mountainous (especially in its southern part), with some flatlands (mostly in the north) and lakes. It was home to 2,462,583 inhabitants as of the 2010 census whom 512,517 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Xia'nan District. Its area is , 56% of which is forested.. Its proximity to Wuhan is transforming the city into an outer suburb of the Hubei's capital. Xianning\n\nMurda Muzik is the fourth studio album by American hip hop duo Mobb Deep, which was released on August 17, 1999, through Columbia Records and Loud Records. It features one of the group's best-known tracks, \"Quiet Storm.\" It is also the duo's most commercially successful album to date, for shipping over 1 million copies in the United States and was certified Platinum by the RIAA on October 26, 1999, debuting at #3 on the Billboard 200 charts. Murda Muzik also garnered positive reviews from The Source and Allmusic, among others. A censored version of the album, titled Mobb Muzik, was released simultaneously. Background The release of Murda Muzik was originally planned for the beginning of 1999, but Loud Records switched distributors from RCA to Columbia. Murda Muzik was shelved until this deal was finalized. Within this time the album was heavily bootlegged and Mobb Deep had to record new songs\n\nAbdul Majid Giaka ( ; born 1960) is an alleged double agent who defected from Jamahiriya el-Mukhabarat (Libyan intelligence service) and became a CIA asset in August 1988. Giaka's testimony at the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial in September 2000, which led to the conviction of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi of sabotaging Pan Am Flight 103 on 21 December 1988, was called into question by the Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission in June 2007. Background In 1984, Giaka joined the Jamahariya Security Organisation (\u201cJSO\u201d), later named the External Security Organisation. His initial employment was in the vehicle maintenance department for about eighteen months. In December 1985 Giaka was appointed as assistant to the station manager of Libyan Arab Airlines (LAA) at Luqa airport in Malta, which he alleged was normally filled by a member of the JSO. In August 1988 Giaka contacted the US embassy in Malta, and indicated a willingness\n\nQuestion: What's Murda Muzik?", "output": "Murda Muzik is the fourth studio album by American hip hop duo Mobb Deep, which was released on August 17, 1999, through Columbia Records and Loud Records."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mortimer Jordan High School is a public high school located in Kimberly, Alabama. It is a part of the Jefferson County Board of Education. The school was named after Captain Mortimer Harvie Jordan, a war hero who lost his life in World War I. He was a soldier, officer and physician. As commanding officer of Company K, 167th infantry, 42nd \"Rainbow Division\" Alabama Army National Guard, he was mortally wounded while leading his sector in battle. He died of his wounds in 1918 and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Student profile Enrollment in grades 9-12 for the 2012-13 school year is 757 students. Approximately 98% of students are White, 1% are African-American, and 1% are other races/ethnicities. Roughly 29% of students qualify for free or reduced price lunch. MJHS has a graduation rate of 95%. Approximately 87% of its students meet or exceed proficiency standards in mathematics, while 92%\n\nCulverhouse Cross () is a district straddling the boundary between Cardiff and the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales, in the community of Wenvoe. The district is centred on a major traffic roundabout that links West Cardiff to the M4 motorway and is home to a number of different retail outlets, and formerly ITV Wales's headquarters. History According to place-name etymologist Deric Meidrum John, there has been a crossroads at Culverhouse Cross for some centuries, originally at the intersection of the Cardiff to Cowbridge turnpike and the road between the parishes of St Fagans and Wenvoe. He states that a farmhouse by the name Culverhouse existed nearby and that the word Culver refers to a pigeon. The Welsh equivalent name Cwrlwys was apparently recorded in 1776. Research at British History Online shows that the word Culverhouse may also refer to a dovecot. The Coedarhydyglyn estate, seat of numerous local prominent men from\n\nArla Oy is one of the largest food manufacturers in Finland, holding a leading position in the dairy sector in Finland. It is a subsidiary of Danish-Swedish company Arla Foods. History The group, incorporated in 1907, owns and operates production plants in Finland (Sipoo, Lapinj\u00e4rvi, Kuusamo, Kitee and Urjala), Sweden (\u00c5hus, formerly operated by \u00c5hus Glass) and Lithuania (Mazeikiai). It has a comprehensive sales and distribution network in Finland as well as in the neighbouring markets of Sweden and the Baltic countries. The group head offices are located in Sipoo near Helsinki. In 2003, Ingman sold part of its ice-cream operations to Nestl\u00e9, to be operated under . In 2011 the remaining ice-cream operations were sold to Unilever, which in 2012 consolidated the Ingman brand under its general Algida/heart-shaped branding. Before the sale, had 2010 revenues of 70 M\u20ac, brands like Ingman, Kingis, J\u00e4ttis, Totally, SuperViva, \u00c5hus Glass and TofuLine,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Culverhouse Cross is.", "output": "Culverhouse Cross is a district straddling the boundary between Cardiff and the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales, in the community of Wenvoe."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tecora was a Portuguese slave ship of the early 19th century. The brig was built especially for the slave trade although the transport across the Atlantic of human beings as slaves had already been outlawed by several nations in international treaties in the first decade of the 19th century. She was fast and maneuverable in order to evade British patrols that attempted to stop such illegal slave ships off the coast of Africa. In 1839, a group of Africans were kidnapped from Mendiland (in modern-day Sierra Leone) and transported to the African slave port of Lomboko. There, a slave trader purchased about 500 of the Africans and transported them aboard Tecora to Havana, Cuba. Conditions The captives were stripped, chained in groups of five, and packed tightly into the slave hold (a deck below the main deck and above the cargo hold) so that one person's head, when lying in\n\nA viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. A viral envelope protein or E protein is a protein in the envelope, which may be acquired by the capsid from an infected host cell. Numerous human pathogenic viruses in circulation are encased in lipid bilayers, and they infect their target cells by causing the viral envelope and cell membrane to fuse. Although there are effective vaccines against some of these viruses, there is no preventative or curative medicine for the majority of them. In most cases, the known vaccines operate by inducing antibodies that prevent the pathogen from entering cells. This happens in the case of enveloped viruses when the antibodies bind to the viral envelope proteins. The membrane fusion event that triggers viral entrance is caused by\n\nAmputation is the removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventive surgery for such problems. A special case is that of congenital amputation, a congenital disorder, where fetal limbs have been cut off by constrictive bands. In some countries, amputation is currently used to punish people who commit crimes. Amputation has also been used as a tactic in war and acts of terrorism; it may also occur as a war injury. In some cultures and religions, minor amputations or mutilations are considered a ritual accomplishment. When done by a person, the person executing the amputation is an amputator. The oldest evidence of this practice comes from a skeleton found buried in Liang Tebo\n\nQuestion: Define Tecora.", "output": "Tecora was a Portuguese slave ship of the early 19th century."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Caretakers (released in the UK as Borderlines) is a 1963 American drama film starring Robert Stack, Polly Bergen, Diane McBain, Joan Crawford and Janis Paige in a story about a mental hospital. The screenplay was adapted by Henry F. Greenberg from a story by Hall Bartlett and Jerry Paris based on the 1959 novel The Caretakers by Dariel Telfer. The film was produced and directed by Bartlett, co-produced by Paris and distributed by United Artists. The Caretakers is reminiscent of The Snake Pit (1948), a film set in a similar hospital. The on-screen text in opening credits states: \"Dedicated to the caretakers whose research and sacrifice discover truth. For Beba, Alice, Paul, Cathy, Laurie, Pearl, Margaret, Warren, Arthur\". Plot Optimistic psychiatrist Dr. Donovan MacLeod wants to prove his theory that mental patients can benefit from group therapy. His method of treatment, with no violence or punishment, is met with\n\nThe Fisher School of Accounting is the accounting school at the University of Florida. History In 1977, the School of Accounting was established by the Florida Board of Regents as a separate school within the Warrington College of Business, and was endowed in 1985 by Frederick Fisher. Dr. John Simmons was the founding Director of the Fisher School. The School first conferred degrees in accounting in December 1978 although accounting has existed as a program in some form since 1928. Rankings According to the 2020 US News Rankings, The Fisher School of Accounting's undergraduate accounting program was ranked 11th overall nationally amongst private and public universities and the graduate program was ranked 17th overall. The School publishes the Journal of Accounting Literature and is home to the International Accounting and Auditing Center. Fisher School of Accounting graduates' pass rate on the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) exam has been traditionally nearly\n\nThe Deathless Sermon was a sermon given as a plea for missionary work during the rise of Hyper-Calvinism in England. It was preached by Particular Baptist Minister, William Carey on 30 May, 1792 at the Friar Lane Baptist Chapel in Nottingham as an effort to arouse his pastoral contemporaries to intentional evangelistic action. The message is rooted in the text of Isaiah 54:2-3: Enlarge the place of thy tent, and let them stretch forth the curtains of thine habitations: spare not, lengthen thy cords, and strengthen thy stakes. For thou shalt break forth on the right hand and on the left; and thy seed shall inherit the Gentiles, and make the desolate cities to be inhabited. No extant copies of the sermon remain; however church historians almost unanimously recognize its form as having only two points: expect great things from God, and attempt great things for God. Although initially his\n\nQuestion: Define The Caretakers.", "output": "The Caretakers is a 1963 American drama film starring Robert Stack, Polly Bergen, Diane McBain, Joan Crawford and Janis Paige in a story about a mental hospital."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kalangadoo, formerly Kalangadoo East, is a locality in the Australian state of South Australia located about south-east of the state capital of Adelaide and about north of the regional centre of Mount Gambier. History The town was originally proclaimed as Kalangadoo East in 1891. An Aboriginal word, the name means \"big trees in water.\" The town grew around the Kalangadoo railway station on the Mount Gambier railway line, which ran between Naracoorte and Mount Gambier, and was opened in 1887. The village flourished after the narrow gauge railway arrived in 1887, and the public school was established in 1892. The railway station was built in 1907. The name was changed to Kalangadoo in 1940, but after World War II the town languished, as farmers used their cars to shop in Penola and Mount Gambier. The public school reached a peak enrolment of 150 pupils in 1966, falling to 74 by\n\nGuy Charbonneau (June 21, 1922 \u2013 January 18, 1998) was a Canadian senator who was the longest serving Speaker of the Canadian Senate, serving from 1984 to 1993. During his tenure, amendments to the Standing Orders of the Senate extended the powers of the speaker. Chabonneau was born in Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Quebec. He received his Bachelor of Arts from the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, and pursued further studies in economics at McGill University. He served during World War II in the Royal Canadian Air Force. After being demobilized, he joined the insurance industry. He rose to the position of vice-president and director of Peerless Insurance Agencies in 1948. He became president in 1963. He later served as chief executive officer of the firm of Charbonneau, Dulude and Associates Ltd., Insurance Brokers, and became a limited partner in the Mer Banco Group of Calgary. Charbonneau served on the board of directors of Canadian\n\nSomis (; Chumash: \u015ao M\u00eds) is an unincorporated community in Ventura County, California. It was established in 1892 by Thomas Bard and D.T. Perkins on a portion of the Rancho Las Posas Mexican land grant. Somis is in the Las Posas Valley on the south bank of Fox Barranca, just west of Arroyo Las Posas. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Somis as a census-designated place (CDP). Name The name of this townsite is derived from the Chumash term \u015bo m\u00eds, meaning \u201cwater of the scrub oak.\u201d There was a Rancher\u00eda named Somes noted in records from 1795 and 1796. History Like many of the farms on the adjacent Oxnard Plain, the crops of corn, wheat and barley grown here were shipped through the wharf that had been constructed in Hueneme in 1871. Agricultural products were able to be shipped by rail when the line from\n\nQuestion: What is Guy Charbonneau?", "output": "Guy Charbonneau was a Canadian senator who was the longest serving Speaker of the Canadian Senate, serving from 1984 to 1993."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Dura Lube Corporation was formed in 1986, originally intended as an engine additive for heavy duty trucks. The company gained wide exposure in the mid-1990s through infomercials and wide retail distribution of its engine and fuel additives. Products Today, the company provides engine treatment products for gas and diesel applications and produces various engine, fuel, and transmission treatment products, as well as industrial grease and exterior appearance products. It offers its products online and through big box retailers like Walmart and major automotive dealers like Auto Zone, Advance Auto Parts, O'Reilly Auto Parts and Pep Boys. The company was founded in 1986 and is based in Gahanna, Ohio. As of its acquisition on June 24, 2005, Dura Lube Corporation operates as a subsidiary of Into Great Brands Inc. Additive controversy Dura Lube was heavily marketed in the 1990s via television infomercials and print advertising. The company's advertising at that\n\nAstounding Sounds, Amazing Music is the sixth studio album by the British rock band Hawkwind, released in 1976. It reached No. 33 on the UK album charts. The title makes references to old science fiction magazines (Astounding and Amazing Stories), the concept being that each piece of music (and its title) would be interpreted as an individual science fiction story. The record cover is a parody of the cover of these magazines, while the inner sleeve carried small ads, with each band member having their own product (e.g. Dr Brock's cure for piles, Paul Rudolph's Manly Strapon, and Simon King's Pleasure Primer). The cover was double sided, one side illustrated by Calvert's childhood friend Tony Hyde, the other by Barney Bubbles signed as Grove Lane, with initial print-runs having either as the front cover. Bubbles original design was to have been Steppenwolf looming over the city. This album marked the\n\nAdrian Williams (born 16 August 1971) is a former Wales international footballer and former Didcot Town manager. He now presents the sports coverage on BBC Radio Berkshire. Club career Reading Born in Reading, Williams started his career with Reading, making his first appearance in the 1991\u201392 season. This first spell at Reading saw him established as a firm fans favourite. His talent and youth saw him play in every position for The Royals, from centre-forward to emergency goalkeeper, wearing every shirt number from 1\u201311, plus both substitute numbers 12 and 14, in the process. He was a regular in the side that missed out on promotion to the Premier League, eventually losing to Bolton Wanderers in the 1994\u201395 First Division Play-off Final at Wembley. Williams had scored the second goal in that game, giving them a 2\u20130 lead in the first half, before two late goals saw Bolton draw level\n\nQuestion: What is Dura Lube?", "output": "The Dura Lube Corporation was formed in 1986, originally intended as an engine additive for heavy duty trucks."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Australian Payments Network Limited (AusPayNet), formerly the Australian Payments Clearing Association (APCA) is the self-regulatory body set up by the payments industry to improve the safety, reliability, equity, convenience and efficiency of payment systems in Australia. AusPayNet has over 140 members which include Australia's leading financial institutions, such as banks, building societies and credit unions, as well as major retailers and other service providers. AusPayNet administers a number of payment systems in Australia. AusPayNet sets, manages and develops regulations, procedures and standards governing payments clearing and settlement within Australia. Payments systems covered by AusPayNet's rules include cheques, direct debits and credits, aspects of ATM and EFTPOS transactions, high value payments and the distribution of wholesale cash. Its role includes strategic direction and regulatory policy for the Australian payments system. AusPayNet provides a venue for collaboration and cross-industry innovation on these issues and works closely with government, regulators, payments stakeholders and\n\nMirwaiz Mohammad Umar Farooq (born 23 March 1973) is the 14th Mirwaiz of Kashmir. He is a Kashmiri separatist political leader. He is also an Islamic religious cleric of Kashmir Valley. In October 2014, Farooq was listed as one of The 500 Most Influential Muslims by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre, Jordan. As the Mirwaiz of Kashmir and chairman of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference, Umar Farooq has an important religious and political role in the Kashmir Valley. He is seen as the spiritual leader of Kashmir's Muslims. Farooq served as the chairman of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference from 1993 to 1998, and after its split has served as the chairman of his own faction since 2004. Early life At the age of 17, following the assassination of his father by unknown gunmen, Mirwaiz Maulvi Farooq, the leader of the Awami Action Committee, Farooq united 23 Kashmiri pro-freedom\n\nAn abugida (, from Ge'ez: ), sometimes known as alphasyllabary, neosyllabary or pseudo-alphabet, is a segmental writing system in which consonant\u2013vowel sequences are written as units; each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary, like a diacritical mark. This contrasts with a full alphabet, in which vowels have status equal to consonants, and with an abjad, in which vowel marking is absent, partial, or optional \u2013 in less formal contexts, all three types of script may be termed \"alphabets\". The terms also contrast them with a syllabary, in which a single symbol denotes the combination of one consonant and one vowel. Related concepts were introduced independently in 1948 by James Germain F\u00e9vrier (using the term ) and David Diringer (using the term semisyllabary), then in 1959 by Fred Householder (introducing the term pseudo-alphabet). The Ethiopic term \"abugida\" was chosen as a designation for the concept\n\nQuestion: What is Abugida?", "output": "An abugida, sometimes known as alphasyllabary, neosyllabary or pseudo-alphabet, is a segmental writing system in which consonant\u2013vowel sequences are written as units; each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary, like a diacritical mark."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Boulders Beach is a sheltered beach made up of inlets between granite boulders, from which the name originated. It is located on the Cape Peninsula, in Simon's Town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. It is also commonly known as Boulders Bay. It is a popular tourist spot because of a colony of African penguins which settled there in 1982. Boulders Beach forms part of the Table Mountain National Park. These African penguins are only found on the coastlines of Southern Africa (South Africa and Namibia). These penguins are currently endangered. As a result, the penguins are under the protection of the Cape Nature Conservation. Although set in a residential area, it is one of the few sites where this vulnerable bird (Spheniscus demersus) can be observed at close range, wandering freely in a protected natural environment. From just two breeding pairs in 1982, the penguin colony has\n\nFrederick William Cumberland (10 April 1821 \u2013 5 August 1881) was a Canadian engineer, architect and politician. He represented the riding of Algoma in the 1st and 2nd Ontario Parliaments, and he served in the House of Commons of Canada from 1871 to 1872. Life and career Cumberland was born in London, England, and grew up in Rathmines, Dublin, where his father was employed at Dublin Castle. His mother died there. The family returned to London in the mid-1830s, where he studied at King's College School and apprenticed as a civil engineer. Starting in 1843, he was employed with the engineering department of the British Admiralty, working on the construction of dry docks and fortifications. In 1845, Cumberland married Wilmot Mary Bramley, whose sisters had married prominent men in the city of Toronto, and he came to that city with his wife in 1847. He worked there as a surveyor\n\nRobert Scadden Vessey (May 16, 1858 \u2013 October 18, 1929) was the seventh Governor of South Dakota. Vessey, a Republican from Wessington Springs, served from 1909 to 1913. Biography Vessey was born to Charles and Jane Elizabeth Vessey in Oshkosh, Winnebago County, Wisconsin, United States. His father was a Methodist lay preacher; his mother was an English immigrant. Vessey was raised and educated near Oshkosh in Winnebago County, Wisconsin. For a brief time, he studied at Oshkosh Commercial College before spending the next five years as a lumberjack in northern Wisconsin. Vessey married Florence Albert on August 27, 1882. The couple moved to a \"squatters claim\" in what is now known as Pleasant Township, Jerauld County, South Dakota. They had four children. Career Vessey became a member of the South Dakota Senate in the 1905 and 1907 state legislatures. In January 1908, he was elected president of the senate. Despite\n\nQuestion: Define Boulders Beach.", "output": "Boulders Beach is a sheltered beach made up of inlets between granite boulders, from which the name originated."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mohyal Brahmins are an Indian sub-caste of Saraswat Brahmins from the Punjab region. Prior to the Partition of India, Mohyal Brahmins lived primarily in the Potohar and Hazara regions of Northern Punjab and North-West Frontier Province (Rawalpindi, Chakwal, Jhelum, Sargodha, Campbellpur, Haripur, Abbottabad and Murree) and in the Pahari regions of Jammu and Kashmir (Pulandari, Mirpur, Kotli, Alibeg, Bhimber, Poonch, Rawlakote, Jammu, Bagh and Rajouri). Frequent migrations of these Brahmins had happened from these regions to hilly areas of Kangra and Chamba from 1200 CE. After the partition, most migrated to, and settled in the neighbouring Indian states of Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi. Mohyal Brahmins were not priests in the traditional sense as they abandoned their priestly duties. They were warriors, spiritual healers and preachers of different sects of Hinduism. Mohyal Brahmins are a caste and a sub-group of the Punjabi Hindu community. The members of\n\nSheila Meiring Fugard (born 1932 in England) is a writer of short stories and plays and the ex-wife of South African playwright Athol Fugard. Personal history Born in Birmingham, England in 1932, Sheila Meiring moved with her parents to South Africa, in 1940, when she was eight years old. She went to the University of Cape Town, where she wrote short stories and studied theatre. She met playwright Athol Fugard when she acted in one of his plays. In September 1956, she married Fugard and adopted his surname. In 1972, when she was 40 years old, Sheila Fugard published her first novel, The Castaways, which won the Olive Schreiner Prize. Subsequently, she published other novels, including Rite of Passage, in 1976, and A Revolutionary Woman, in 1983. A Revolutionary Woman, her best-known novel, takes place in the 1920s in the Karoo district of South Africa and tells the story of\n\nNahuelito is a lake monster purported to live in Nahuel Huapi Lake, Patagonia, Argentina. Like Nessie, the Loch Ness Monster, the Argentine creature is named after the lake it supposedly resides in and has been described as a giant serpent or a huge hump, as well as a plesiosaur. Nahuelito has been allegedly shown through photos showing a hump, or a serpentine body. History Its name means yaguarete, which is a large felid species from the Americas. The origin of the current legend is believed to go back to indigenous stories prior to the period of the conquest of America. The first colonizers obtained from the native population stories about the occasional encounters with aquatic monsters. In 1897, Dr. Clemente Onelli, director of the Buenos Aires Zoo, began to receive sporadic reports about a possible strange creature inhabiting the Patagonian lakes. In 1910, George Garret worked at a company located\n\nQuestion: What's Nahuelito?", "output": "Nahuelito is a lake monster purported to live in Nahuel Huapi Lake, Patagonia, Argentina."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hayley Michelle Aitken (born 11 April 1986) is an Australian pop singer-songwriter and record producer who also performs mononymously as Hayley. She had a top 40 hit on the ARIA Singles Chart with her second single, \"Kiss Me Quick\" (July 2002). Aitken has worked as a songwriter or producer for other artists, and is a prolific producer for many K-pop artists. Biography Hayley Aitken was born in April 1986 in the Victorian rural town of Drouin. In 1997 she recorded a song, \"Another Tear\", following the death of Princess Diana, which was written and produced by Reno Nicastro and Molly Meldrum. Aitken's debut single, \"That Girl\", was released under her first name, Hayley, which reached the ARIA Singles Chart top 100 in July 2001. In the ARIA Report it was described as \"a catchy urban pop single and features bonus dance remixes.\" It appeared on an Australian Promo CD for\n\nPlesse Castle is situated to the north of G\u00f6ttingen in Germany, close to the village of Bovenden. History The castle was transferred in 1015 from the private estate of Meinwerk, bishop of Paderborn to the city of Paderborn. Since 1150 it is the seat of the noble lords of Plesse, who named themselves for the castle. Holy Roman emperor Henry VI traded Plesse Castle in 1192 for Desenberg Castle close to Warburg in Westphalia, but the trade was already reverted in 1195. In 1447 the lords of Plesse transferred their possession of Plesse Castle to the Landgrave Ludwig of Hesse and in return received it as a fiefdom. The explanation for it lies in the fragmentation of the dukedom of Brunswick-G\u00f6ttingen. The leading noble families could not avoid being drawn into the ensuing conflicts. They therefore sought protection from a powerful liege lord. They found this protection and backup with\n\nDepth ratings are primary design parameters and measures of a submarine's ability to operate underwater. The depths to which submarines can dive are limited by the strengths of their hulls. Ratings The hull of a submarine must be able to withstand the forces created by the outside water pressure being greater than the inside air pressure. The outside water pressure increases with depth and so the stresses on the hull also increase with depth. Each 10 metres (33 feet) of depth puts another atmosphere (1 bar, 14.7 psi, 101 kPa) of pressure on the hull, so at 300 metres (1,000 feet), the hull is withstanding thirty atmospheres (30 bar, 441 psi, 3,000 kPa) of water pressure. Test depth This is the maximum depth at which a submarine is permitted to operate under normal peacetime circumstances, and is tested during sea trials. The test depth is set at two-thirds (0.66) of\n\nQuestion: Who is Hayley Aitken?", "output": "Hayley Michelle Aitken is an Australian pop singer-songwriter and record  producer who also performs mononymously as Hayley."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Isidoor Bert Hans \"Ido\" Abram (1940, Batavia, Dutch East Indies \u2013 14 January 2019), was a Dutch educator and writer on the nature of Jewishness. Early life As a small child during World War II Abram was an internee in Japanese camps. After liberation his family returned to the Netherlands. Abram studied mathematics and philosophy at the University of Amsterdam. He was professor of pedagogy (theory of teaching) at that institute and published on topics regarding Jewish culture and identity, multicultural education and \"Education after Auschwitz\". He had been the first European professor for \"Holocaust Education\" since 1990. He developed a model known as the \u2018five-slice pie chart\u2019 to illustrate the different ways of being Jewish. He said there are five aspects that in some way affect the life of every Jew. These are \"religion and tradition\", \"the tie with Israel and Zionism\", '\"war persecution and survival\", \"personal history\" and\n\nThe Branch Rickey Award was given annually to an individual in Major League Baseball (MLB) in recognition of his exceptional community service from 1992 to 2014. The award was named in honor of former player and executive Branch Rickey, who broke the major league color barrier by signing Jackie Robinson, while president and general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers. Rickey also created the Knothole Gang, a charity that allowed children to attend MLB games. The award, created by the Rotary Club of Denver in 1991, was first awarded to Dave Winfield in 1992 at their annual banquet. Each MLB team nominates one individual who best exemplifies the Rotary Club motto: \"Service Above Self\". A vote is then conducted by the national selection committee, which consists of members of the sports media, previous winners of the award, and Rotary district governors in major league cities. Proceeds of the banquet benefit Denver\n\nEducation in Afghanistan includes K\u201312 and higher education, which is under the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Higher Education. In 2021, there were nearly 10 million students and 220,000 teachers in Afghanistan. The nation still requires more schools and teachers. Soon after the Taliban takeover of the country in August 2021, they banned girls from secondary education. Some provinces still allow secondary education for girls despite the ban. In December 2022, the Taliban government also prohibited university education for females in Afghanistan, sparking protests and international condemnation. According to Acting Education Minister Noorullah Munir, \"Afghanistan has 20,000 official schools in which 9,000 are of no use, 5,000 have no building and the remaining 4,000 needed rehabilitation.\" Compulsory education in Afghanistan is through the ninth grade. \"The academic year consists of 2 semesters, and runs from March to January.\" Since the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan in August 2021, officials under\n\nQuestion: What is Ido Abram", "output": "Isidoor Bert Hans \"Ido\" Abram, was a Dutch educator and writer on the nature of Jewishness."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Niangua River is a tributary of the Osage River in the Ozarks region of southern and central Missouri in the United States. Via the Osage and Missouri rivers it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. Niangua River has the name of Niangua (or Nehemgar), an Indian tribal leader. The name is said to mean \"bear\". Course The Niangua River is formed in Webster County by the confluence of its short east and west forks, and flows generally northward through Dallas, Laclede and Camden counties, past Bennett Spring, Lake Niangua, and Ha Ha Tonka State Parks. It flows into the Osage River as an arm of the Lake of the Ozarks, which is formed by the Bagnell Dam on the Osage. As part of the lake it collects the Little Niangua River. River accesses This is a list of areas where the Niangua River can be publicly\n\nDu\u0161an Slobodn\u00edk (11 April 1927, Pezinok - 13 December 2001, Bratislava) was a Slovak literary theoretician, translator and politician. Early life He attended the elementary school and high school in Zvolen. In February and March 1945 (at the time of the First Slovak Republic), as a member of the semi-obligatory organisation Hlinka Youth, he is said to have participated in a training course led by the German secret service in Sekule. At the end of World War II, before he could pass the matura, he was abducted by the Soviet SMERSH into a Russian gulag, where he spent the years 1945 - 1954 (he was supposed to spend 15 years there, but was released after Joseph Stalin's death on an amnesty). Back in Slovakia, he passed his matura and started to study Slovak language and literature in Bratislava. He was excluded by the Communists from the school for being \"politically\n\nThe Freyung is a triangular public square in Vienna, located in the Innere Stadt first district of the city. History The square originally lay outside the Roman fortification walls of Vindabona. In the 12th century, Irish monks arrived by invitation of Duke Henry II of Austria to build a monastery. The monastery is called Schottenkloster, meaning Scottish Monastery, as Ireland at that time was known as New Scotland. The square around Schottenkloster was known as \"bei den Schotten\" (\"at the Scots\"). The name Freyung has its origin from the old German word \"frey\", meaning \"free\". Since the monastery had the privilege of freedom from ducal authority, as well as the right to grant protection to fugitives, the square gained its name from its proximity to the Schottenkloster. The priory was added to the monastery in 1773 and became popularly known as Schubladkastenhaus (Chest of Drawers House) because of its shape.\n\nQuestion: What is Du\u0161an Slobodn\u00edk", "output": "Du\u0161an Slobodn\u00edk was a Slovak literary theoretician, translator and politician."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Daily Gamecock (formerly The Gamecock) is the editorially independent student news organization of the University of South Carolina. It primarily serves the main campus of the University of South Carolina System in the state of South Carolina. History The first issue of The Gamecock was published on January 30, 1908. Robert Gonzales, a student, was primarily responsible for the paper's establishment. In its first semester only three issues were produced, but in the following term the paper began weekly production. The paper eventually moved to publication on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and in the fall semester of 2006 began publishing Monday through Friday publication. At this time, it was renamed The Daily Gamecock and became the first student paper in South Carolina to publish daily. In the Fall of 2014 the paper ended Friday production, producing instead a tabloid-format known as Weekender. In the Fall of 2016 the paper\n\nManuel Antonio Santiago Tar\u00edn (1811\u20131849) (also known as Manuel Leal) was a Mexican soldier and a recruiter and participant in the Texas Revolution on the Texian side. Early life He was born in San Antonio de B\u00e9xar (now San Antonio, Texas, United States). He married Mar\u00eda Luisa C\u00e1sares by 1846 and had at least two children. The son of a military officer, Vicente Tar\u00edn and his wife, Juana Isidora Leal, he was grandson of rancher Joaquin Leal and great-great-grandson of Juan Leal, first alcalde (mayor) of San Antonio. Tar\u00edn was baptized at the San Antonio de Valero Mission (\"the Alamo\") two days after his birth. In 1813, there was much political turmoil in the region. His father, a Spanish officer, joined the invasion forces of the Guti\u00e9rrez-Magee Expedition. After the defeat at the battle of Medina, he fled the Spanish repercussions. He went into exile in the Louisiana territory leaving\n\nThe British Virgin Islands (BVI), officially the Virgin Islands, is a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands and north-west of Anguilla. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles and part of the West Indies. The British Virgin Islands consist of the main islands of Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada and Jost Van Dyke, along with more than 50 other smaller islands and cays. About 16 of the islands are inhabited. The capital, Road Town, is on Tortola, the largest island, which is about long and wide. The islands had a population of 28,054 at the 2010 Census, of whom 23,491 lived on Tortola; current estimates put the population at 35,802 (July 2018). British Virgin Islanders are British Overseas Territories citizens and since 2002, are also British\n\nQuestion: Tell me what British Virgin Islands is.", "output": "The British Virgin Islands, officially the Virgin Islands, is a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands and north-west of Anguilla."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Aleister Crowley (; born Edward Alexander Crowley; 12 October 1875 \u2013 1 December 1947) was an English occultist, philosopher, ceremonial magician, poet, painter, novelist and mountaineer. He founded the religion of Thelema, identifying himself as the prophet entrusted with guiding humanity into the \u00c6on of Horus in the early 20th century. A prolific writer, he published widely over the course of his life. Born to a wealthy family in Royal Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, Crowley rejected his parents' fundamentalist Christian Plymouth Brethren faith to pursue an interest in Western esotericism. He was educated at Trinity College at the University of Cambridge, where he focused his attentions on mountaineering and poetry, resulting in several publications. Some biographers allege that here he was recruited into a British intelligence agency, further suggesting that he remained a spy throughout his life. In 1898, he joined the esoteric Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, where he\n\nProfessor Dauvit Broun, FRSE, FBA () (born 1961) is a Scottish historian and academic. He is the chair of Scottish history at the University of Glasgow. A specialist in medieval Scottish and Celtic studies, he concentrates primarily on early medieval Scotland, and has written abundantly on the topic of early Scottish king-lists, as well as on literacy, charter-writing, national identity, and on the text known as de Situ Albanie. He is editor of the New Edinburgh History of Scotland series, the pre-1603 editor of the Scottish Historical Review, convener of the Scottish History Society, and the Principal Investigator of the Arts and Humanities Research Council-funded project 'The Paradox of Medieval Scotland, 1093\u20131286'. Honours Dauvit was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2013. In July 2017, Broun was elected a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA), the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences.\n\nVincent van der Voort (born 18 December 1975) is a Dutch professional darts player on the PDC circuit. As of the 2012 PDC World Darts Championship, his nickname is the \"Dutch Destroyer\", although he used to go by \"Grease Lightning\". He is best known for his quick throwing style, which is how he got his temporary nickname \"The Fastest Player in the World\". He reached the final of the 2007 UK Open, which helped him become a well known face in the world of darts. Playing style Van der Voort is well known for his spasmodic style and machine-gun speed of play which has gained him a reputation in both the BDO and the PDC for being one of the more erratic throwers in the darting world. This ties in with his old entrance music, \"Fast Fuse\" by English band Kasabian. This has resulted in him tending to be either\n\nQuestion: Who is Dauvit Broun?", "output": "Professor Dauvit Broun, FRSE, FBA is a Scottish historian and academic."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "U\u011furluda\u011f is a town of \u00c7orum Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is located at 66 km from the city of \u00c7orum. It is the seat of U\u011furluda\u011f District. Its population is 2,630 (2022). The mayor is Remzi Torun (MHP). Name Formerly known as K\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6ren, renamed U\u011furluda\u011f after Urlu Mountain which stands behind the town. The name means 'lucky mountain' and is traditionally a place of healing. Other than some caves said to inhabit healing spirits there is little of historical or archaeological interest. But the mountain scenery, with the snow on the peak even in summer, does attract visitors. Economy U\u011furluda\u011f is a small market town in an agricultural district. The new generations are mostly migrating to larger cities in search of jobs and careers. U\u011furluda\u011f was formerly within the district of \u0130skilip and there is mutual dislike between the people of the two towns. References\n\nMirko Marjanovi\u0107 (, ; 27 July 1937 \u2013 21 February 2006) was a Serbian politician who served as the prime minister of Serbia from 1994 to 2000. Biography Marjanovi\u0107 was born on 27 July 1937 in Knin into a large working-class family with 7 children, where he finished gymnasium. He had four brothers and 2 sisters and his father Du\u0161an worked in a local factory, while his mother Marija was a homemaker. During the season of 1955/56 he played as a winger for the football club HNK Dinara that is based in Knin. Marjanovi\u0107 later then moved to Zagreb where he attended musical academy which he ended up not finishing because he moved to live in Belgrade. In 1960, he graduated at University of Belgrade's Faculty of Economics, more specifically at the department for microeconomics. Upon graduation, Marjanovi\u0107 came back to Knin since he found employment there as the supervisor\n\nUrmila () is a princess featured in the Ramayana. She is the daughter of King Janaka of Mithila and Queen Sunayana. Sita, the female protagonist of the epic, is her elder adoptive sister. She becomes the wife of Lakshmana, the younger brother of Rama. She is considered to be an incarnation of Nagalakshmi. Legend Urmila was married to King Dasharatha's third son, Lakshmana. They had two sons named Angada and Chandraketu. She is described as being as dedicated to Sita as Lakshmana was to Rama. When Lakshmana joined Rama and Sita in their exile, Urmila was ready to accompany him, but he hesitated and asked her to stay back in Ayodhya to take care of his aging parents. According to a legend, Urmila slept continuously for fourteen years. It is believed that during these fourteen years of exile, her husband also never slept to protect his brother and sister-in-law. On\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Mirko Marjanovi\u0107.", "output": "Mirko Marjanovi\u0107 was a Serbian politician who served as the prime minister of Serbia from 1994 to 2000."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Vanguard Sailboats was one of the most successful sailboat builders. It was founded in 1967, and is now owned by LaserPerformance. History Vanguard Sailboats was founded in 1967 in Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA by Peter and Olaf Harken. The brothers started to gain attention after their sailing hardware was used on boats that won Olympic gold in 1968, and after Vanguard supplied the Finn class for several countries in the 1976 Olympics. The hardware segment was maintained somewhat separately, as it was marketed to competing boat builders. In 1986, the Harkens sold Vanguard to Stephen Clark, who moved the business to Portsmouth, Rhode Island. The brothers focused their efforts on the performance sailing hardware business in Pewaukee, WI under the name Harken, Inc., while Vanguard continued in boat building. In March 1997, Vanguard Sailboats, Inc., bought Sunfish Laser, Inc., which built the Laser, Sunfish and 49er sailboats. In 2007 Vanguard Sailboats\n\nDale or Dale i Sunnfjord is the administrative centre of the municipality of Fjaler in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located at the mouth of the river Vassdalselva on the southern shore of the Dalsfjorden in the northern part of Fjaler, about northeast of the village of Flekke and about west of the village of Bygstad (in Sunnfjord municipality). The village has a population (2019) of 1,186 and a population density of . In December 2013, the new Dalsfjord Bridge, connecting Dale with Askvoll Municipality on the northern side of the fjord was opened and replaced the ferry route between Dale and Eikenes. Also located in Dale is the Nordic Artists' Centre Dale, an artist-in-residence centre hosting international visual artists over periods of 2 or 3 months. Notable residents Jakob Sande (1906\u20131967): Norwegian writer, poet, and folk singer. References External links http://www.fjaler.origo.no Fjaler kommune website managed by the locals.\n\nShaib or Sha\u2018ib ( ), or the Sheikhdom of Shaib ( ), was a state in the Aden Protectorate, South Arabia. The area is now part of the Republic of Yemen. History The Sha`ib Sheikhdom was established at an uncertain date in the 18th century. After becoming a British protectorate, it eventually joined the Federation of Arab Emirates of the South as well as its successor, the Federation of South Arabia. Its last sheikh, Yahya Mohamed Al-Kholaqi Al-Saqladi, was exiled in 1967 upon the founding of the People's Republic of South Yemen. He died in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in July 2001. Rulers The rulers of the Sha`ib Sheikhdom had the title of Shaykh Sha`ib. Sheikhs c.1850 - 1880 Mani` al-Saqladi 1880 - 1915 `Ali ibn Mani` al-Saqladi 1915 - 1935 Mutahhar ibn Mani` al-Saqladi 1935 - 1948 Muhammad ibn Muqbil al-Saqladi Aug 1948 - 1954 Kassem ibn Mused ibn Ali\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Dale, Fjaler is.", "output": "Dale or Dale i Sunnfjord is the administrative centre of the municipality of Fjaler in Vestland county, Norway."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi (; August 1888 27 August 1963), also known by the honorary title Allama Mashriqi (), was a British Indian, and later, Pakistani mathematician, logician, political theorist, Islamic scholar and the founder of the Khaksar movement. Around 1930, he founded the Khaksar Movement. aiming both to revive Islam among Muslims as well as to advance the condition of the masses irrespective of any faith, sect, or religion. Early years Background Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi was born on 25 August 1888 to a Muslim family in Amritsar. Mashriqi's father Khan Ata Muhammad Khan was an educated man of wealth who owned a bi-weekly publication, Vakil, in Amritsar. His forefathers had held high government positions during the Mughal Empire and Sikh Empires. Because of his father's position he came into contact with a range of well-known luminaries including Jam\u0101l al-D\u012bn al-Afgh\u0101n\u012b, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, and Shibli Nomani as a young\n\nTommyland: The Ride is the second solo album by the M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce drummer Tommy Lee. It was released in 2005 on TL Education Services Inc. Background Tommyland: The Ride was released in conjunction with Lee's book of the same name, as well as his then new reality television series Tommy Lee Goes to College, which premiered a week after the album was released. The album features tracks from the show. Among these is the first single \"Tryin to Be Me\" and the second single \"Good Times\", which is the theme song for the series. The first three singles: \"Tryin to Be Me\", \"Good Times\" and \"Hello Again\" all featured Music videos. Several other musicians also make guest appearances, including Butch Walker on \"Good Times\", Chad Kroeger on the first single \"Tryin to Be Me\", and Nick Carter on \"Say Goodbye\". Track listing Personnel Tommy Lee \u2014 drums, producer, vocals, background\n\nThe Catholic Church in Cuba is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. Catholics make up approximately half of the population of Cuba. History Catholicism has historically been the majority religion since Cuba's colonization. However, Communist Cuba is no exception to the ideological clash between Communism and religion that was common in communist countries. After Fidel Castro's ascent to power in 1959, he imposed restrictions on religious activities such as Christmas celebrations, and in 1962 barred personnel of the Church from joining the Communist Party of Cuba - following a communist tradition of Marxist-Leninist atheism. However, Castro's efforts were not as successful as in traditionally communist countries such as the USSR or China. When the Cold War ended, such restrictions were lifted and the atheist guidelines outlined in the Cuban Constitution were removed. Catholics have been able openly join the Party since\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Catholic Church in Cuba is.", "output": "The Catholic Church in Cuba is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Skelton is a small village and civil parish about north west of Penrith in the English county of Cumbria. It is on the former route of the B5305 road, which is now about to the north. The parish had a population of 1,059 in 2001, increasing slightly to 1,153 at the 2011 Census. The village has a primary school, pub, and Anglican and Methodist churches. Close to the village is the Skelton transmitting station and the stately home of Hutton-in-the-Forest, the family home of Lord Inglewood. Skelton Agricultural Show is one of the largest in Cumbria and takes place on the first Saturday in July at Hutton-in-the-Forest. The large parish of Skelton includes the villages and hamlets of Ellonby, Ivegill, Lamonby, Unthank, Unthank End, Skelton Wood End, Laithes, Hutton End, Hutton Row, New Rent, Braithwaite and Middlesceugh. In 1934 the parish absorbed the former civil parishes of Hutton-in-the-Forest, and Middlesceugh\n\n\"Big City Life\" is a song by English electronic music duo Mattafix. With a chorus sung in Jamaican Patois, \"Big City Life\" was released in August 2005 as the second single from Mattafix's debut album, Signs of a Struggle (2005). The single topped the charts in Austria, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, and Switzerland, and it peaked at number 15 in the duo's native United Kingdom. The song's music video was directed by Scott Franklin. Track listings UK CD1 \"Big City Life\" \"Big City Life\" (Cutfather & Joe) UK CD2 \"Big City Life\" \u2013 3:57 \"Big City Life\" (Cutfather & Joe) \u2013 3:55 \"Big City Life\" (video) \u2013 3:57 European 7-inch single A. \"Big City Life\" (Sly and Robbie) \u2013 3:56 B. \"Big City Life\" (Mattafix mix) \u2013 6:11 European 12-inch single A1. \"Big City Life\" (Solid Groove) A2. \"Big City Life\" (Cutfather & Joe) B1. \"Big City Life\" (Mattafix mix)\n\nBreck School is an independent college-preparatory preK\u201312 school in Golden Valley, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis. It was founded in 1886 and is affiliated with the Episcopal Church. The school includes a Lower School consisting of grades preschool through four, a Middle School consisting of grades five through eight, and an Upper School consisting of grades nine through twelve. Breck School is accredited by the National Association of Independent Schools. History Breck was established in 1886 in Wilder, Minnesota and named after Episcopal missionary the Rev. James Lloyd Breck. The school moved to 2095 Commonwealth Ave in Saint Paul under the direction of the Rev. Charles Haupt, in 1916. In 1920 it moved to 2102 Carter Ave., just a few blocks away in Saint Anthony Park. Then, in the fall of 1922 it moved a few more blocks west to Como and Hendon (now a part of the Luther Seminary).\n\nQuestion: Define Skelton, Cumbria.", "output": "Skelton is a small village and civil parish about  north west of Penrith in the English county of Cumbria."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Henrietta Christian Wright (1852\u20131899) was an American children's author who resided in the Old Bridge section of East Brunswick, New Jersey. She was born there on February 18, 1852, died there on December 13, 1899, and buried in the Chestnut Hill Cemetery. Publishing career She wrote children's books on literature, history and science. One of her children's books, Children's Stories in American Literature: 1660-1860, covered the lives and works of such great authors as Edgar Allan Poe, William Bryant, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, James Russell Lowell, and Oliver Wendell Holmes. First published in 1861, this book was a part of the everyday schooling of young pre-teens. In 1883, the New York publisher White and Stokes published Little Folk in Green written by Wright and illustrated at the age of 16 by Miss Lydia Emmet (1866\u20131952), who went on to become a noted portrait artist. Wright also produced Children's\n\nDartmoor is a rural township on the Princes Highway and the Glenelg River between Heywood and the South Australian border, in southwestern Victoria. At the 2011 census, Dartmoor had a population of 263. History Before the township was established the location was known as Woodford Inn. The township was settled in the late 1850s, a Post Office opening on 1 April 1860. The Mount Gambier-Heywood railway line closed 11 April 1995 and is still pending for standardization due to the Melbourne to Adelaide line conversion. Traditional ownership The formally recognised traditional owners for the area in which Dartmoor sits are the Gunditjmara people. The Gunditjmara people are represented by the Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation. Demographics As of the 2016 census, 322 people resided in Dartmoor. The median age of persons in Dartmoor was 50 years. Children aged 0\u201314 years made up 15.0% of the population. People over the\n\nSloan Wainwright (born 1957) is an American artist and member of the American independent music scene. Her musical style consists of a combination of folk, rock, jazz, and blues. Sloan Wainwright developed this style while writing and performing in the Greenwich Village area of New York City. Life and career Sloan Wainwright is the daughter of Loudon Wainwright Jr. and Martha Taylor. She is the younger sister to Loudon Wainwright III, and aunt to Canadian-American musicians Martha Wainwright and Rufus Wainwright and American musician Lucy Wainwright Roche. She was married to George McTavey, who died in December 2008 after a long illness. They had two sons, Sam and Gabe McTavey. As a performer, Wainwright is known for her contralto voice. Her musical style combines pop, folk, jazz, and blues. Born into a musical family, her teenage years were largely influenced by a constant flow of diverse artists, writers and musicians.\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Sloan Wainwright.", "output": "Sloan Wainwright is an American artist and member of the American independent music scene."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "An ice cream bar is a frozen dessert featuring ice cream on a stick. The confection was patented in the US in the 1920s, with one invalidated in 1928. Description An ice cream bar is a frozen dessert on a stick. It features ice cream, distinguishing it from an ice pop, which does not contain any ice cream. History In the US, the Eskimo Pie chocolate bar was invented in Iowa by a pharmacy owner named Chris Nelson, who was inspired by a boy named Douglas Ressenden who could not decide between candy and ice cream. They were named \"I-Scream-Bars\" in the original test run. One of the earliest advertisements for Eskimo Pies appeared in the November 3, 1921 issue of the Iowa City Press-Citizen. A patent was awarded in 1922, but invalidated in 1928. According to the Good Humor ice cream company, confectioner Harry Burt invented ice cream on\n\nThe Renault Reinastella is an automobile created by the French car maker Renault. The original Reinastella was a luxury-class car manufactured between 1929 and 1933. The car was unveiled at the 1928 Paris Motor Show as the Renault Renahuit. The original Reinastella was the first of Renault's Stella series, high-end luxury automobiles intended to compete with contemporary marques such as Hispano-Suiza, Rolls-Royce, Daimler, Lincoln, Packard, and Cadillac. The Stellas, or Grand Renaults, were marked with a star riveted to the radiator grille above the famous Renault lozenge, a reference to models with names that ended in \"-stella\", which was a conscious reference to the Latin word for a \"star\"., while \"reina\" is Spanish for \"queen\". The Reinastella was, at 5.3 meters (17 feet) long and 2 meters (six feet) wide, the biggest car ever produced by Renault upon its market debut. It weighed about 2.5 tons and was the first\n\nMicromax (Scott Wright) is a fictional character, a mutant superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Publication history Micromax was created by Alan Davis and first appeared in Excalibur #44 (Dec. 1991). Fictional character biography Prior to the discovery of his mutant abilities, Scott Wright was a disk jockey. With the discovery of his powers he became a special British government operative for M.I.6, a secret British national security unit, under the name Micromax. He is first seen mistaking Rachel Summers for a burglar, and mistakenly trying to arrest her for robbery. He is later backup for a disastrous mission with his superior officer Brigadier Theobold Blott, several psychics and a team of F.I.6 'Mediators'. They are assigned to track down the perpetrator of the previous thefts and initially erroneously accuse Nightcrawler of sabotage. After that mishap, they are overpowered by a servant creature of Necrom, a\n\nQuestion: What is Micromax", "output": "Micromax is a fictional character, a mutant superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lizabeth Cohen is the current Howard Mumford Jones Professor of American Studies in the History Department at Harvard University, as well as a Harvard University Distinguished Service Professor. From 2011-2018 she served as the Dean of Harvard's Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. Currently, she teaches courses in 20th-century America, with a focus on urbanism, the built environment, and public history. She has also served as the Chair of the History Department at Harvard, director of the undergraduate program in history, and director of the Charles Warren Center for Studies in American History, among other administrative duties. Life and academic career Born in 1952 in Paramus, New Jersey, Cohen grew up in Bergen County, New Jersey, and in Westchester County, New York. She earned her A.B. degree from Princeton University, and both her M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley. Cohen rose from the position of assistant to associate\n\nA ground burst is the detonation of an explosive device such as an artillery shell, nuclear weapon or air-dropped bomb that explodes at ground level. These weapons are set off by fuses that are activated when the weapon strikes the ground or something equally hard, such as a concrete building, or otherwise detonated at the surface. In the context of a nuclear weapon, a ground burst is a detonation on the ground, in shallow water, or below the fallout-free altitude. This condition produces substantial amounts of nuclear fallout. An air burst or a deep subterranean detonation, by contrast, makes little fallout. Ground shock Ground shock, or water shock will result from nuclear explosions on (or near) the surface of ground or water. The ground shock can damage or destroy hardened structures. In water, the shock is damaging to nearby vessels and may also produce a surface wave to limited ranges.\n\nThe Austrian Rugby Federation () is the governing body for rugby union in Austria. The first documented game of rugby played in Austria occurred on April 14, 1912. The sport was being brought to Austria by two Englishmen hoping to expand the sports base. It was over sixty years, however, before rugby union took hold in Austria. Vienna Celtic RFC was founded in 1978 and was the first rugby union club founded in Austria. The \u00d6RV was founded in 1990 and joined the International Rugby Board in 1992. List of presidents Thomas Gabriel (2001\u20132003) Paul Duteil (2003-2007) Andreas Schwab (2007-present) List of vice presidents Wolfgang Roehrer (2003-2007) Renee Carmine-Jones (2007-present) General secretary Alexandra Langer-Hansel (2003-present) National league coordinator Martin Puchinger (2008-present) Women's rugby development officer Renee Carmine-Jones (2003-present) Training and education coordinator Renee Carmine-Jones (2007-present) See also Rugby union in Austria Austria national rugby union team References External links \u00d6sterreichischer\n\nQuestion: What is Ground burst", "output": "A ground burst is the detonation of an explosive device such as an  artillery shell, nuclear weapon or air-dropped bomb that explodes at ground level."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Guardian Weekly is an international English-language news magazine based in London, England. It is one of the world's oldest international news publications and has readers in more than 170 countries. Editorial content is drawn from its sister publications, the British daily newspaper The Guardian and Sunday newspaper The Observer, and all three are published and owned by the Guardian Media Group. The Guardian Weekly is currently edited by Graham Snowdon, while Will Dean is on a long-term secondment to the Guardian's Saturday magazine. History Early years The first edition of the Manchester Guardian Weekly was printed on 4 July 1919, a week after the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. The Manchester Guardian viewed itself as a leading liberal voice and wanted to extend its reach, particularly in the United States, in the changing political climate after the First World War. The Weekly had the stated aim of \"presenting\n\nDeborah Rennard is an American actress, writer and producer, best known for her role as Sly Lovegren in Dallas (1981\u20131991). Life and career Rennard was born in Los Angeles, California. In 1981 she was cast in a recurring role on Dallas as J.R. Ewing's loyal secretary Sylvia \"Sly\" Lovegren. She appeared in the series from 1981 to 1991 and later was cast in the 1996 film J.R. Returns. After Dallas, she had role in daytime soap operas Days of Our Lives and Sunset Beach, and guest starred on Silk Stalkings, Kung Fu: The Legend Continues, and Due South. In film, Rennard played the leading role as Harmony in the 1986 science fiction action film Land of Doom. She starred as Cynthia alongside Jean-Claude Van Damme in the 1990 martial arts film Lionheart. She later appeared in films Kazaam (1996) and Gang Related (1997). She left acting and as of late\n\nVincent Gabriel Fourcade (27 February 1934 \u2013 23 December 1992) was a French interior designer and the business and life partner of Robert Denning. \"Outrageous luxury is what our clients want,\" he once said. Family and youth \"Born...to a family of distinguished French aesthetes, the designer spent many of his formative years in a twenty-bedroom house replete with made-to-order Majorelle furnishings.\" \"I learned my trade by going out every evening as a young man,\" he told art historian Rosamond Bernier. \"I went to every pretty house in France and Italy and other places too, and I remembered them all, even down to what was on each little table.\" Vincent was educated at University College London. Fourcade was son of the French banking family, who had grown up with the Rothschilds. New York City A handsome eligible bachelor, he was never without invitations in the United States either. He tried a\n\nQuestion: Who was Vincent Fourcade?", "output": "Vincent Gabriel Fourcade was a French interior designer and the business and life partner of Robert Denning."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": ", whose birth name was , was a daimy\u014d and celebrated master of the Japanese tea ceremony. He was originally a retainer of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Biography His teacher in the tea ceremony was Sen no Riky\u016b. He became the foremost tea master in the land after Riky\u016b's death, and taught this art to the sh\u014dgun Tokugawa Hidetada. Among his other particularly famous tea ceremony students were Ueda S\u014dko, Kobori Ensh\u016b and Hon'ami K\u014detsu. The kind of tea ceremony that he established is known as Oribe-ry\u016b (see Schools of Japanese tea ceremony), and the style of ceramics that are attributed to his artistic influence are known as Oribe ware. He also designed a style of stone lantern for the roji tea garden, known as Oribe-d\u014dr\u014d. During the year 1600, Oribe received a 10,000-koku income. During the Osaka Campaign of 1615, Oribe was forced to plot in Kyoto against\n\nGeorge MacKinnon Wrong (June 25, 1860 \u2013 June 29, 1948) was a Canadian clergyman and historian. Life and career Born at Grovesend in Elgin County, Canada West (now Ontario), he was ordained in the Anglican priesthood in 1883 after attending Wycliffe College. In 1894, as successor to Sir Daniel Wilson, he was appointed professor and head of the Department of History at the University of Toronto from which he retired in 1927. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1908 and received an honorary LLD from McGill University in 1919 and the University of Toronto in 1941. Wrong died in Toronto, Ontario on June 29, 1948. A believer in the historian's moral duty to interpret the past for society's present needs, Wrong viewed Canadian history in terms of the country's British and French origins and the American presence. As a teacher, administrator, writer, and a\n\nThe Book of Proverbs (, , \"Proverbs (of Solomon)\") is a book in the third section (called Ketuvim) of the Hebrew Bible and a book of the Christian Old Testament. When translated into Greek and Latin, the title took on different forms: in the Greek Septuagint (LXX) it became (, \"Proverbs\"); in the Latin Vulgate the title was , from which the English name is derived. Proverbs is not merely an anthology but a \"collection of collections\" relating to a pattern of life which lasted for more than a millennium. It is an example of the biblical wisdom literature, and raises questions of values, moral behaviour, the meaning of human life, and right conduct, and its theological foundation is that \"the fear of God (meaning submission to the will of God) is the beginning of wisdom\". Wisdom is praised for her role in creation; God acquired her before all else,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Furuta Oribe is.", "output": ", whose birth name was , was a daimy\u014d and celebrated master of the Japanese tea ceremony."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Arsenal Football Club is an English professional football club based in Holloway, North London. Arsenal compete in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. The club has won 13 league titles (including one unbeaten title), a record 14 FA Cups, two League Cups, 17 FA Community Shields, the Football League Centenary Trophy, one European Cup Winners' Cup and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. In terms of trophies won, it is the third-most successful club in English football. Arsenal was the first club from the South of England to join the Football League in 1893, and they reached the First Division in 1904. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division, and have won the second-most top-flight matches in English football history. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war.\n\nis a line of collectible anthropomorphic animal figurines made of flocked plastic. They were created by the Japanese gaming company Epoch in 1985 and distributed worldwide by a number of companies. History Beginning and growth At the beginning of production, on March 20, 1985, Sylvanian Families were created and released in Japan by Epoch, which uses the concept of dollhouses and anthropomorphic animal figures. The first releases of the dollhouses and other playsets were made of porcelain and the furniture was made of wood. However, later releases replaced the materials with plastic and metal in the production. The toys were later released in North America the same year, but with different packaging and minor differences to the characters themselves. The toyline was originally titled , but was changed to its current name. \"Sylvanian\" means \"of the forest\", from the Roman god Silvanus. In October 1987, the series spawned an animated\n\nAbadeh (, also Romanized as \u0100b\u0101deh) is a city in the Central District of Abadeh County, Fars province, Iran, serving as both capital of the district and of the county. At the 2006 National Census, its population was 52,042 in 14,184 households. The following census in 2011 counted 55,758 people in 16,546 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 59,116 people in 18,965 households. Abadeh is at an elevation of in a fertile plain on the high road between Isfahan and Shiraz, from the former and from the latter. At the 2006 census, its population was 52,042, in 14,184 families. As of 2009, the population was estimated to be 59,042. It is the largest city in the Northern Fars Region (South Central-Iran), which is famed for its carved wood-work, made of the wood of pear and box trees. Sesame oil, castor oil, grain, and various fruits are\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Arsenal F.C. is.", "output": "Arsenal Football Club is an English professional football club based in Holloway, North London."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The University of Maryland School of Nursing Living History Museum is located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, and is dedicated to sharing the rich history and heritage of the nursing profession. The Museum features hundreds of original objects and photographs, as well as compelling audio and video presentations. The Museum traces the evolution of the School of Nursing\u2019s mission in nursing education, research and practice from its early years as a hospital training school to its emergence as a premier professional school. The Museum highlights the rarely acknowledged historical contributions of nurses, challenges widespread myths and misconceptions about nursing, and explores the contemporary role of nurses as health care providers. It is an opportunity for visitors to encounter\u2014many for the first time\u2014the untold story of American nursing through the experiences of University of Maryland nurses from the School\u2019s founding in 1889 to the present. The University of Maryland School of\n\nMark Plaatjes (born 2 June 1962 in Johannesburg) is a former marathon runner who was champion at the 1993 World Championships in Athletics in Stuttgart. Biography Born in South Africa under apartheid, Plaatjes won two national titles at the marathon and two at cross country . He ran a personal best marathon of 2:08:58 in 1985 in Port Elizabeth, but was unable to compete outside South Africa, barred from the 1984 and 1988 Olympic Games due to the international boycott of South Africa. He sought political asylum in the United States in 1988, saying \"I didn't want my daughter to grow up in a country where she felt inferior.\" In 1991 Plaatjes won the Los Angeles Marathon in 2:10:29. In 1993, Plaatjes finished 6th in the Boston Marathon, qualifying for the U.S. team at the World Championships. On 24 July 1993, Plaatjes became a citizen of the U.S., just three\n\nPaul Logasa Bogen (March 15, 1915 \u2013 June 4, 1972) was an early proponent of the Army as nation builders. He was a United States Army soldier known for his work at the Defense Intelligence Agency, the Army War College and for General Westmoreland in Vietnam. He also innovated the use of helicopters for close combat support and planned security for Khrushchev's visit to the United States in 1959. Early life Paul Logasa Bogen was born on March 15, 1915, to Dr. Louis Isaac Bogen and Jeanie Deanna Logasa in Lincoln, Nebraska. His mother was the sister of Charles Logasa and Hannah Logasa He was originally expected to be born on St. Patrick's day and was to be named Patrick. When he was born two days early his parents named him Paul instead. Bogen attended the University of Nebraska from 1933 to 1937, originally majoring in Mechanical Engineering before switching\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Paul Logasa Bogen is.", "output": "Paul Logasa Bogen was an early proponent of the Army as nation builders."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "() is a 2006 Philippine television drama fantasy series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Mac Alejandre and Eric Quizon, it stars Angel Locsin and Dennis Trillo. It premiered on March 20, 2006 on the network's Telebabad line up. The series concluded on September 29, 2006 with a total of 138 episodes. It was replaced by Atlantika in its timeslot. The series is streaming online on YouTube. Premise Sabina is the eldest child of Garam and Ayessa, who both fled from Saladin to escape from Balkan, a dark magician. Sabina\u2019s life is shattered when her parents and siblings are abducted and brought to Saladin. She will eventually find her way to Saladin with the help of Eloida and Argo, who will train her into becoming a magician. Cast and characters Lead cast Angel Locsin as Sabina Dennis Trillo as Argo Supporting cast Carmina Villaroel as Ayessa / Linda Zoren Legaspi\n\nA parade lap, also known as a pace lap, formation lap or warm-up lap, is a lap before a motorsport race begins, in which the drivers go around the track at a slow speed (usually between ), and, in some cases, behind the safety car. Purpose The lap is to ensure that track conditions are safe, and that there are no dangerous problems with the cars (including the safety car) or the circuit. The parade lap either leads to a rolling start, standing start, or back to the grid. Short circuits (such as the Brands Hatch Indy circuit layout) often have two of these laps. Overtaking is usually permitted on these laps in motorcycle racing, but not in car racing. The lap also allows the cars to warm up their tyres, which is crucial in order to be competitive during the race. Drivers will often attempt to warm up the\n\nMichael Festing is a British research scientist best known for his interest in animal testing. He is one of 19 members of the UK's Animal Procedures Committee, which advises the Home Secretary on matters related to animal testing. He was previously a trustee of the Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments (FRAME ), which funds and promotes research into the use of animal alternatives. He is also a council member of the Institute of Laboratory Animals Research USA. Most of Michael Festing's career has been involved in promoting reduction of the numbers of animals used in research. Nonetheless, Festing has been criticized by the animal rights movement for his investment in companies that engage in animal testing, which according to the Animal Procedures Committee register of members' interests, includes AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Alizyme, Akambis, Cambridge Antibody, Shire Pharmaceuticals, and Celltech. He is also a consultant geneticist to Harlan\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Parade lap is.", "output": "A parade lap, also known as a pace lap, formation lap or warm-up lap, is a lap before a motorsport race begins, in which the drivers go around the track at a slow speed, and, in some cases, behind the safety car."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Vishnukundina dynasty (IAST: Vi\u1e63\u1e47ukundina) was an Indian dynasty based in Deccan, which ruled modern Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha and parts of South India during the 5th and 7th centuries, carving land out from the Vakataka Empire. It played an important role in the history of the Deccan during the 5th and 7th centuries. The dynasty initially ruled from Indrapalanagara (in present day Nalgonda district of Telangana), and later shifted to Denduluru, and Amaravathi. The area north of the Godavari, Kalinga became independent, the area south of the Krishna River fell to the Pallavas. The Vishnukundina reign came to an end with the conquest of the eastern Deccan by the Chalukya, Pulakeshin II. Pulakeshi appointed his brother Kubja Vishnuvardhana as viceroy to rule over the conquered lands. Eventually, Vishnuvardhana declared his independence and started the Eastern Chalukya dynasty. Origin \"Vishnukundina\" is a Sanskritised name for Vinukonda. The early rulers of\n\nCOGO is a suite of programs used in civil engineering for modelling horizontal and vertical alignments and solving coordinate geometry problems. Cogo alignments are used as controls for the geometric design of roads, railways, and stream relocations or restorations. COGO was originally a subsystem of MIT's Integrated Civil Engineering System (ICES), developed in the 1960s. Other ICES subsystems included STRUDL, BRIDGE, LEASE, PROJECT, ROADS and TRANSET, and the internal languages ICETRAN and CDL. Evolved versions of COGO are still widely used. Some basic types of elements of COGO are points, Euler spirals, lines and horizontal curves (circular arcs). More complex elements can be developed such as alignments or chains which are made up of a combination of points, curves or spirals. See also Civil engineering software References \"Engineer's Guide to ICES COGO I\", R67-46, Civil Engineering Dept MIT (Aug 1967) \"An Integrated Computer System for Engineering Problem Solving\", D. Roos,\n\nSydney John Smith, (September 23, 1892 - July 15, 1976), was a Canadian politician, farmer, rancher and businessman who served as Speaker of the Senate of Canada from 1966 to 1968. Life and work Born in Ottawa, Ontario, Smith was educated at Lisgar Collegiate Institute before moving to Saskatchewan with his family. He studied at New York University through correspondence courses and played football with the Regina Roughriders as well as working as an automobile salesman. He eventually settled in Gull Lake, Saskatchewan where he became an alderman and then mayor from 1921 to 1925. Smith attempted to win a seat in the Saskatchewan legislature as a Liberal in 1934 but was defeated. He then moved to Kamloops, British Columbia where he raised cattle and grew hops as well as involving himself in selling automobile sales and heavy equipment. He organized several businesses, Sydney Smith Ltd., Sydney Smith U Drive\n\nQuestion: What is Vishnukundina dynasty?", "output": "The Vishnukundina dynasty was an Indian dynasty based in Deccan, which ruled modern Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha and parts of South India during the 5th and 7th centuries, carving land out from the Vakataka Empire."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Viktor Dyk (; 31 December 1877 \u2013 14 May 1931) was a nationalist Czech poet, prose writer, playwright, politician and political writer. He was sent to jail during the First World War for opposing the Austro-Hungarian empire. He was one of the signatories of the Manifesto of Czech writers. Dyk co-founded a political party and entered politics. He died at age 53, leaving his many poems, plays and writings. Life Dyk was born in P\u0161ovka u M\u011bln\u00edka in the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1877. His family moved to Prague in 1888 where he began to write. His family settled in the Prague suburb of Vinohrady in 1904 and that year he published a novel titled The End of Hackenschmid which was anti-Austrian. Dyk had taken part in the Czech Chess Championship the year before and he was to remain interested in the game for at least the next twenty years.\n\nMiss Arkansas USA, previously known as Miss Arkansas Universe, is the beauty pageant that selects the representative for the state of Arkansas in the Miss USA pageant, and the name of the title held by that winner. The pageant is directed by Vanbros and Associates. Arkansas's most successful placement was in 1982, when Terri Utley was crowned Miss USA. The most recent placement was Mackenzie Hinderberger in 2023 who placed in the Top 20. Five Miss Arkansas USA titleholders were former Miss Arkansas Teen USA titleholders who competed at Miss Teen USA. The longest reigning titleholder was Haley Rose Pontius in 2020, having held the title for 18 months, while the shortest titleholder was Stephanie Barber in 2021, having held the title for 10 months and 18 days. The state pageant was directed by Premier Pageants from 2002 to 2007 before becoming part of the Vanbros organization, headquartered in Lenexa,\n\nScotscalder railway station is a railway station located in the Highland council area in the far north of Scotland. It serves several rural hamlets in the historic county of Caithness, including Scotscalder, Olgrinmore, Westerdale and Calder. It is accessed from the B870 road, south of Scotscalder Hall. The station is situated on the Far North Line, down the line from , between Altnabreac and Georgemas Junction. It has a single platform which is long enough to accommodate a four-carriage train. The station is managed by ScotRail, who operate all trains serving the station. History The station was opened by the Sutherland and Caithness Railway on 28 July 1874. In 1988 the station house was sold by the British Railways Board for conversion to a residential dwelling. Following the conversion, in 1993, the station house was sold again and renovated further, for which the owner won the Ian Allan Railway Heritage\n\nQuestion: Who is Viktor Dyk", "output": "Viktor Dyk was a nationalist Czech poet, prose writer, playwright, politician and political writer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Regiment Potchefstroom Universiteit (Afrikaans for Potchefstroom University Regiment) is an artillery regiment of the South African Army. As a reserve unit, it has a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Army Reserve or United States Army National Guard unit. It is part of the South African Army Artillery Formation. History 1 Observation Battery The original regiment was formed in 1946, when the South African Army was reorganised for peacetime. It was initially called 1 Observation Battery, and in 1950 it was renamed 1 Observation Regiment. On being affiliated with the Potchefstroom University in 1960, it was given the name Regiment Potchefstroomse Universiteit. Structure In terms of organisation the regiment was structured with: a RHQ and Radar Battery at University of Potchefstroom, a Survey Battery at the University of the Orange Free State and an Observation and Sound Ranging Battery at the University of Pretoria. Affiliated Division During the\n\nDame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, Lady Mallowan, (; 15 September 1890 \u2013 12 January 1976) was an English writer known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections, particularly those revolving around fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple. She also wrote the world's longest-running play, the murder mystery The Mousetrap, which has been performed in the West End since 1952. A writer during the \"Golden Age of Detective Fiction\", Christie has been called the \"Queen of Crime\". She also wrote six novels under the pseudonym Mary Westmacott. In 1971, she was made a Dame (DBE) by Queen Elizabeth II for her contributions to literature. Guinness World Records lists Christie as the best-selling fiction writer of all time, her novels having sold more than two billion copies. Christie was born into a wealthy upper-middle-class family in Torquay, Devon, and was largely home-schooled. She was initially an unsuccessful writer\n\nA calavera (Spanish \u2013 for \"skull\"), in the context of Day of the Dead, is a representation of a human skull or skeleton. The term is often applied to edible or decorative skulls made (usually with molds) from either sugar (called Alfe\u00f1iques) or clay, used in the Mexican celebration of the Day of the Dead () and the Roman Catholic holiday All Souls' Day. Calavera can also refer to any artistic representations of skulls or skeletons, such as those in the prints of Jos\u00e9 Guadalupe Posada, or to gifts or treats in relation to the Day of the Dead. Some widely known calaveras are created with cane sugar, decorated with items such as colored foil, icing, beads, and sometimes objects such as feathers. They range in multiple colors. Traditional methods for producing sugar skulls with molds have been in use for a long time, though the first known mention of\n\nQuestion: What is Regiment Potchefstroom Universiteit?", "output": "Regiment Potchefstroom Universiteit is an artillery regiment of the South African Army."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Paradise and Lunch is the fourth album by roots rock musician Ry Cooder, released on June 8, 1974 on Reprise Records. The album is composed of cover versions of jazz, blues and roots standards and obscurities recorded at the Warner Brothers Studios. The final track, \"Ditty Wah Ditty,\" showcases a duet between Cooder and jazz pianist Earl \"Fatha\" Hines. It was produced by Russ Titelman and Lenny Waronker. The album reached #167 on the Billboard 200. The album also includes Cooder's updated arrangement of bluesman Washington Phillips' \"The Tattler\" that stands out for its guitar playing. It was subsequently covered by Linda Ronstadt on her 1976 album Hasten Down the Wind and by David Soul on his 1977 album Playing To An Audience of One. In 1990 the album was released on CD, while a remastered version appeared in 2007. It was newly remastered from the original master tapes for\n\nThe Udzungwa Mountains are a mountain range in south-central Tanzania. The mountains are mostly within Iringa Region, south of Tanzania's capital Dodoma. The Udzungwa Mountains are part of the Eastern Arc Mountains, and are home to a biodiverse community of flora and fauna with large numbers of endemic species. The mountains are home to the Hehe people, and the name Udzungwa comes from the Kihehe word \u201cWadzungwa\", which means the people who live on mountainsides. Iringa is the largest settlement in the mountains, and the regional headquarters. Geography The Undzungwa Mountains cover an area of 16,131.40 km\u00b2, the largest of the Eastern Arc ranges. The highest peak in the range is Luhombero at . The mountain range extends generally northeast-southwest. The Usangu Plain lies to the northwest, drained by the Great Ruaha River and its tributaries. The Great Ruaha River separates the Udzungwa Mountains from the Rubeho Mountains and Uvidunda\n\nPenny Streeter OBE (born 1 August 1967) is an English entrepreneur and founder of the A24 Group, comprising Ambition 24hours, Arabella Health Staffing and the NS Health Staffing. Penny Streeter established the medical staffing group in Sutton, England, in 1996, working with her mother Marion. Early life Penny Streeter was born in Zimbabwe in 1967 to South African best-selling author Peter Stiff and Marion Hewson. Penny left Zimbabwe in 1979 and was educated at Alberton High in Johannesburg until 1983. She left South Africa for the UK at the age of 12 with her mother Marion. She started work in the recruitment sector through the Youth Training Scheme after leaving school at age 15. Career In 1989 Penny Streeter launched her own recruitment business: it failed and she also divorced, which left her homeless and penniless, finding refuge in homeless accommodation with her three young children. After some years working\n\nQuestion: What's Paradise and Lunch?", "output": "Paradise and Lunch is the fourth album by roots rock musician Ry Cooder, released on June 8, 1974 on Reprise Records."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nicholas Scratch is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is predominantly a foe of the Fantastic Four and Patsy Walker. Publication history Nicholas Scratch first appeared in Fantastic Four #185 (August 1977) and was created by Len Wein (writer) and George P\u00e9rez (artist). The name \"Nicholas Scratch\" is an amalgam of colloquial and euphemistic names for the Devil: \"Old Nick\" and \"Old Scratch\" or \"Mr. Scratch\" (as used in \"The Devil and Daniel Webster\"). Fictional character biography Nicholas Scratch is the son of Agatha Harkness and was a resident of the hidden community of New Salem, Colorado, a secret community populated by magic users. Agatha left the reclusive community to live among normal people, and in time even became a nanny to Franklin Richards, son of Reed and Sue Richards of the Fantastic Four. Scratch fathered seven children, who would come to be known\n\nThomas William Birkett (born 1952) better known as Bill Birkett is an English civil engineer, climbing writer, photographer, rock climber, and mountaineer, from the Lake District, Cumbria, who has undertaken many expeditions around the world. The 541 peaks of the lake district listed in one of his books are known as Birketts in his honor. Early life and education Bill Birket was born on 13 May 1952 the son of pioneering Lake District climber Robert James 'Jim' Birkett. He grew up in Langdale and started climbing as a child, lead his first extreme graded climbs at the age of 16. Birkett studied civil engineering at Teesside Polytechnic, graduating in 1976. He then went on to work for Cumbria County Highways. He joined the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1981 and gained chartered status. Climbing He has made the first ascents of a number of rock climbs including one of the\n\nJohn Chandler \"Chan\" Gurney (May 21, 1896March 9, 1985) was an American businessman and politician from South Dakota. A Republican, he was most notable for his service as a U.S. Senator from 1939 to 1951. Early life Gurney was born in Yankton, South Dakota on May 21, 1896, a son of Deloss Butler Gurney and Henrietta (Klopping) Gurney. He attended the public schools of Yankton and graduated from Yankton High School in 1915. He became active in his father's business, Gurney's Seed and Nursery Company, of which was appointed secretary and treasurer. Military service During World War I, Gurney volunteered for military service, though he was ineligible for the draft because he was married. Assigned to the United States Army's Company A, 34th Engineer Regiment, he completed training at Camp Lewis, Washington. He served in France in 1918 and 1919 and attained the rank of sergeant before being discharged for\n\nQuestion: Who was Bill Birkett?", "output": "Thomas William Birkett better known as Bill Birkett is an English civil engineer, climbing writer, photographer, rock climber, and mountaineer, from the Lake District, Cumbria, who has undertaken many expeditions around the world."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Arkalochori Axe is a 2nd millennium BC Minoan bronze votive double axe (labrys) excavated by Spyridon Marinatos in 1934 in the Arkalochori cave on Crete, which is believed to have been used for religious rituals. It is inscribed with fifteen symbols. It has been suggested that these symbols might be Linear A, although some scholars disagree. The labrys and the Phaistos Disc are conserved in the Heraklion Archaeological Museum. They share some symbols. Inscription Of the fifteen signs, two appear to be unique. The following suggestions for comparison with Linear A and Phaistos Disc glyphs are attributed to Torsten Timm (2004). Reading top to bottom, right to left, the symbols are: Note that reading top to bottom, right to left after turning the inscription counterclockwise gives a different sequence and numbering of the glyphs. The alternative sequence is suggested to be translatable as a text with a dedicatory offering\n\nAllianz Trade is an international insurance company that offers a range of services, including trade credit insurance, debt collection, surety bonds and guarantees, business fraud insurance and political risk protection. A subsidiary of Allianz SE, Allianz Trade is rated AA by Standard & Poor's. It monitors the financial health of over 80 million companies. Headquartered in Paris, the company is present in more than 50 countries with more than 5,500 employees, and has a global market share of 34%. They posted a consolidated turnover of \u20ac2.9billion in 2021, and insured global business transactions representing \u20ac931billion in exposure. History Creation of credit insurers around the world 1883: ACI in the United States 1917: Hermes Kreditversicherungsbank in Germany 1918: Trade Indemnity in United Kingdom 1927: SFAC in France and SIAC in Italy 1929: COBAC in Belgium Birth of Euler Hermes In 1993, SFAC started to acquire the different local market leaders in\n\nThe lubber fiend, Lob, lubberkin, lurdane or Lob Lie-By-The-Fire is a legendary creature of English folklore that is similar to the \"brownie\" (or \"Urisk\") of Scotland and northern England, the \"hob\" of northern England and the Scottish Borders, the Slavic \"domovoi\" and Scandinavian \"tomte\". It has been related also to Robin Goodfellow, and Hobgoblins. It is best known for being mentioned by John Milton. The lubberkin is typically described as a large, hairy man with a tail who performs housework in exchange for a saucer of milk and a place in front of the fire. One story claims he is the giant son of a witch and the Devil. The abbey lubber is a minor demon that haunts the wine cellars and kitchens of abbeys, tempting the monks into drunkenness, gluttony and lasciviousness. The best known abbey lubber tale is that of Friar Rush. Lubber fiend in literature The lubber\n\nQuestion: Define Lubber fiend.", "output": "The lubber fiend, Lob, lubberkin, lurdane or Lob Lie-By-The-Fire is a legendary creature of English folklore that is similar to the \"brownie\" of Scotland and northern England, the \"hob\" of northern England and the Scottish Borders, the Slavic \"domovoi\" and Scandinavian \"tomte\"."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Josephine Blanche d'Alpuget (born 3 January 1944) is an Australian writer and the second wife of Bob Hawke, the longest-serving Labor Prime Minister of Australia. Background and early career D'Alpuget is the only child of Josephine Curgenven and Louis Albert Poincar\u00e9 d'Alpuget (1915\u20132006), journalist, author, blue water yachtsman and champion boxer. Her great-aunt, Blanche d'Alpuget, after whom she was named, was a pioneer woman journalist in Sydney and a patron of artists. Her father was a sports and feature writer and also news editor of a Sydney newspaper, The Sun. D'Alpuget attended SCEGGS Darlinghurst and briefly the University of Sydney. She worked at The Sun's rival newspaper, The Daily Mirror, then moved to Indonesia at the age of 22 with her first husband, Tony Pratt, whom she had married in 1965. She and Pratt have a son, Louis, an artist and sculptor and a co-founder of Mungo, a Sydney artists'\n\nPine Le Moray Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. The park, 70 km southwest of Chetwynd covers . It is located within the Hart Ranges ecosection near the Rocky Mountains. It is within the Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine Fir biogeoclimatic zone. Water courses include Link and Mountain Creeks, the Pine River, and Heart Lake. It provides habitat for trout, Arctic grayling, mountain whitefish, high elevation caribou, moose, wolverine, and grizzly bear. It is recognized by the province as an area traditionally used by First Nations people. Its topography has examples of Karst topography and alpine areas. It was created as Provincial Park in June 2000, with additional area added in 2001. The park can be used for fishing, canoeing, hunting, horseback riding, and wildlife viewing. Motorized vehicles (ATV, snowmobiles) are permitted on designated trails. References British Columbia. Ministry of Employment and Investment (March 1999). Dawson Creek Land &\n\nRapha\u00ebl Salem (Greek: \u03a1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03ad\u03bb \u03a3\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc; November 7, 1898 in Salonika, Ottoman Empire (now Thessaloniki, Greece) \u2013 June 20, 1963 in Paris, France) was a Greek mathematician after whom are named the Salem numbers and Salem\u2013Spencer sets, and whose widow founded the Salem Prize. Biography Rapha\u00ebl Salem was born in Saloniki to Emmanuel and Fortun\u00e9e Salem. His father was a well-known lawyer who dealt with international problems. Rapha\u00ebl was brought up in a Jewish family who followed the traditions of their ancestors. At age 15, the family moved to France and Salem attended the Lyc\u00e9e Condorcet for two years. Believing that he would follow in his father's footsteps, Salem entered the Law Faculty of the University of Paris. His interests, though, were not in law but rather in mathematics and engineering. Soon thereafter, Salem started taking mathematics courses with Hadamard all the while continuing his studies for law. In 1919, he\n\nQuestion: Define Pine Le Moray Provincial Park.", "output": "Pine Le Moray Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Navsarjan Trust is a grassroots Dalit organisation based in Gujarat, India. It was founded in 1989 by Martin Macwan to empower Dalits in Gujarat and beyond. Since November 2004, it is led by Manjula Pradeep who has been working in the organisation since June 1992. Navsarjan Trust has established 'Dalit Shakti Kendra' in Gujarat.Navsarjan\u2019s core work is to create awareness among the marginalised and oppressed communities in such a way that people are able to develop independent thinking about the world around them, so that they can fight oppression and inequality without the organisation\u2019s support. To this end, the field staff is incessantly involved in mobilising and organizing meetings and training programmes. Women\u2019s rights groups, land rights groups, youth groups, village paralegals, agricultural workers\u2019 groups, etc. are formed and trained to exist independently of Navsarjan, though Navsarjan\u2019s support remains intact. Navsarjan is one of the largest grassroots organizations in Gujarat,\n\nThe baya weaver (Ploceus philippinus) is a weaverbird found across the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Flocks of these birds are found in grasslands, cultivated areas, scrub and secondary growth and they are best known for their hanging retort shaped nests woven from leaves. These nest colonies are usually found on thorny trees or palm fronds and the nests are often built near water or hanging over water where predators cannot reach easily. They are widespread and common within their range but are prone to local, seasonal movements mainly in response to rain and food availability. Among the population variations, five subspecies are recognized. The nominate race philippinus is found through much of mainland India while burmanicus is found eastwards into Southeast Asia. The population in southwest India is darker above and referred to as subspecies travancoreensis. Taxonomy In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of\n\nPhilippine Idol is the first version of the Idol series in the Philippines, the 35th country in the world to air a local Idol adaptation and the sixth in Asia broadcast by ABC 5 (now TV5). Similar to the premise of original show Pop Idol, Philippine Idol aims to find the best singer in the country who can be defined as the \"national\" singer. Local television personality Ryan Agoncillo hosted the program. Ryan Cayabyab (musical composer), Pilita Corrales (singer, known as Asia's Queen of Songs) and Francis Magalona (rapper and producer) were also judges of the show. Agoncillo, Corrales and Magalona auditioned to be part of the program, while Cayabyab was chosen by the program's producers. Meanwhile, actress Heart Evangelista hosted the daily updates program I \u2665 Philippine Idol: Exclusive. Composer Mel Villena was the show's musical director. Mau Marcelo, an aspiring singer from Lucena City, defeated two other contenders\n\nQuestion: What is Navsarjan Trust", "output": "Navsarjan Trust is a grassroots Dalit organisation based in Gujarat, India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Little Niangua River is a tributary of the Niangua River in the Ozarks region of central Missouri in the United States. Via the Niangua, Osage and Missouri rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. The Little Niangua was so named for its smaller size relative to the Niangua River. Description The Little Niangua rises in Dallas County and flows generally northeasterly through Hickory and Camden counties. It joins the Niangua River in Camden County as an arm of the Lake of the Ozarks, which is formed by a dam on the Osage River. Niangua darter The upper reaches of the Little Niangua River, including the tributaries of Cahoochie Creek and Thomas Creek in Dallas County, are known habitats of the Niangua darter, a small fish that is on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's list of Endangered Species. Public areas There are multiple river accesses\n\nThe possession and acquisition licence (PAL; ) is the primary firearms licence under Canadian firearms laws. The PAL is the only licence issued to new adult firearms licence applicants in Canada; it is both required and the only permissible document for a person to acquire or permanently import a firearm. Applicants for a PAL must be 18 years of age or older. There is no requirement of citizenship or residency (although different forms, and slightly different requirements apply). A non-resident firearms declaration form that has been confirmed by a Canada Border Services Agency officer serves as a temporary firearms licence for non-residents that are visiting Canada for fewer than 60 days. Unlike a PAL, however, the non-resident firearms declaration is only considered a valid temporary licence for the specific firearms declared and does not permit the holder to borrow any firearms. There is a separate licensing system to transport restricted\n\nJessup University is a private Christian university in Rocklin, California, with an additional site in San Jose, California. The university had 1,743 (over 1650 full-time equivalent) students during the 2019\u201320 academic year. Founded in 1939, it had a total undergraduate enrollment of 1,289 in the fall of 2020 on a campus. History The university was founded as San Jose Bible College in 1939, in San Jose by William Lee Jessup (1905\u20131992), the college's first president. Eugene Claremont Sanderson had originally started Evangel Bible University in San Jose in 1934 but was unable to make it viable. As a result, he recruited Jessup, one of his former students, to take over. By 1951, with the school expanding and the San Jos\u00e9 State University across the street encroaching, San Jose Bible College moved to a parcel bordered by Coyote Creek, 12th Street and nearly 30 years later by I-280. Spanish-style classroom buildings\n\nQuestion: What's Little Niangua River?", "output": "The Little Niangua River is a  tributary of the Niangua River in the Ozarks region of central Missouri in the United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gohar Ayub Khan (; born 15 January 1937) is a Pakistani politician, business oligarch, retired army officer, and conservative figure of the Pakistan Muslim League, who held ministerial positions during the administration of prime minister Nawaz Sharif. Gohar Ayub Khan hails from the village of Rehana, located in the Haripur District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and belongs to the Tareen tribe of ethnic Pashtuns. He is fluent in Hindko and Pashto. He is the son of former president and field marshal Ayub Khan and played an influential role in sustaining his father's presidential rule after the 1965 presidential election. Educated at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, after graduation Gohar Ayub Khan was commissioned in the Pakistan Army in 1959. During his military service he served as his father's aide-de-camp, travelling with him on several foreign trips. Upon his resignation in 1962 with the rank of captain, he established a business\n\nMuiz ud din Qaiqabad (1269 \u2013 1 February 1290, reigned 1286\u20131290) was the tenth sultan of the Mamluk dynasty (Slave dynasty). He was the son of Bughra Khan the Independent sultan of Bengal, as well as grandson of Ghiyas ud din Balban (1266\u20131286). Historical background After the death of his son Muhammad Khan, in 1286 at the hands of the Mongols during the Battle of Beas River, Ghiyas ud din Balban was in an unrecoverable state of shock. In his last days he called his son Bughra Khan, who was then the Governor of Bengal, to stay with him, but due to the stern nature of his father he slipped away to Bengal. Eventually, Balban chose his grandson and son of Muhammad, Kay Khusroe, to be his successor. However, when Balban died, Fakhr-ud-Din, the Kotwal of Delhi, set aside the nomination and chose for Muiz ud din Qaiqabad, son of\n\nThe Basques ( or ; ; ; ) are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture and shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians. Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, an area traditionally known as the Basque Country ()\u2014a region that is located around the western end of the Pyrenees on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and straddles parts of north-central Spain and south-western France. Etymology The English word Basque may be pronounced or and derives from the French Basque (), itself derived from Gascon Basco (pronounced ), cognate with Spanish Vasco (pronounced ). Those, in turn, come from Latin Vasc\u014d (pronounced ; plural Vasc\u014dn\u0113s\u2014see history section below). The Latin generally evolved into the bilabials and in Gascon and Spanish, probably under the influence of Basque and the related Aquitanian (the Latin /w/ instead evolved into in French, Italian\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Basques is.", "output": "The Basques are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture and shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tara Morice (born 23 June 1964) is an Australian actress, singer and dancer. Background Born in Hobart, Tasmania, Morice also lived in Sydney, Alice Springs and Adelaide as a child. She is a fifth-generation Australian and is of English, Irish, Scottish, Latvian, French and Jewish ancestry. She appeared in a short film for the Tasmanian Film Corporation in 1980, The ABC of Unions. She made her stage debut at Australia's oldest theatre, the Theatre Royal in Hobart in The Diary of Anne Frank, aged 16. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in Australian History and English from the Australian National University and graduated from the National Institute of Dramatic Art in 1987. Career She has worked extensively on stage in Australia, including productions for the Sydney Theatre Company, Bell Shakespeare Company, Griffin Theatre Company, Belvoir Theatre Company, State Theatre of South Australia, Queensland Theatre Company, Malthouse and the Ensemble. She\n\nThe International Federation of Consulting Engineers (commonly known as FIDIC, acronym for its French name F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale Des Ing\u00e9nieurs-Conseils) is an international standards organization for construction technology and consulting engineering. The organization is best known for the FIDIC suite of contract templates. History There were 59 participants at the inaugural meeting during a World Exhibition in Ghent, Belgium, in July 1913, called to discuss the possibility of forming a global federation of consulting engineers. Of these, 19 were official delegates from the US, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands and Switzerland, with the remainder coming from AustriaHungary, Canada, Russia and the UK. This meeting led to FIDIC's formal constitution being adopted on 22 July 1913. Some countries maintained only provisional links during the first few years. The founding members of FIDIC were Belgium, France, and Switzerland. FIDIC led a difficult life until the late 1940s with changing numbers of members, all\n\nChristian Gauss (1878 \u2013 1951) was a literary critic and professor of literature. Biography Gauss was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. His father had fled W\u00fcrttemberg when Prussia began to dominate it in the 1860s. The son graduated from the University of Michigan at 20, worked as a newspaper correspondent in Paris, covering the Dreyfus case during which time he met Oscar Wilde who dedicated one of his poems to Gauss. Later Gauss taught at Michigan and Lehigh University in the United States, and in 1905 became a first preceptor at Princeton University, where he remained until his retirement in 1946. At Princeton, Gauss became a full professor of French Literature two years after his arrival; he was chairman of the department of modern languages; and he served as dean. After retiring from Princeton, he was president of Phi Beta Kappa. The academic society awards a Christian Gauss Award. Though\n\nQuestion: Who is Christian Gauss?", "output": "Christian Gauss was a literary critic and professor of literature."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Preston Lodge Former Pupil Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club based in Prestonpans in East Lothian, Scotland. Formed in 1929, they currently play in Scottish National League Division Two. History The club formed in 1929\u201330 with Dr. Boyle as its first president and originates from the roots of Preston Lodge High School, formed in 1924. This connection is still going strong today. The club fields teams at every age group Primary 1\u20137, Secondary 1\u20133, under-16, under-18. As well as fielding two senior XV's. The Club has formed links over the years with United Pirates \u2013 a club in New Zealand and Balmy Beach rugby club in Toronto, Canada. This has allowed for the exchange of players and coaching techniques. A number of PLRFC players have played age group rugby for Scotland and gaining many caps for their country. The most recent and successful players to do this are\n\nSaigon Love Story is Vietnam's first movie musical filmed entirely on location in Vietnam including Saigon and Phan Thiet. One of the first films independently produced outside of the Communist controlled film industry, overseas Vietnamese director Ringo Le decided to return to his birthplace to shoot his first feature film project. \"Saigon Love Story\" had a screening at VC FilmFest 2006. The film was an official selection into the Panorama selection at the Shanghai International Film Festival 2006 and was nominated for the \"Winds of Asia-Best New Film Award\" at the Tokyo International Film Festival 2006. The film traveled throughout the United States in sold-out roadshow tours to help bring attention to Vietnamese films and artists, but which also created political controversy. It was released on Valentine's Day in 2008 across Vietnam. Plot Set in Vietnam during the 1980s, Danh is a young boy growing up in Saigon. Though he\n\nThe Glasgow, Yoker and Clydebank Railway was a railway company that opened in 1882, giving a rail connection to shipyards and other industry that developed in what became Clydebank. At first it was a purely local line, connecting only at Stobcross with the North British Railway, but as industry developed in the area it served it became increasingly important. It was built from a junction near the present-day Jordanhill railway station to a terminus at Clydebank, and in 1897 it was extended to Dalmuir. Most of the route is still in use as the Yoker section of the North Clyde suburban network. History North Clyde railways In 1858 the Glasgow, Dumbarton and Helensburgh Railway opened, forming the first railway connection from the city to the north bank of the Clyde. However the line ran a considerable distance from the river until it reached Bowling, and the intervening area was for\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Preston Lodge RFC is.", "output": "Preston Lodge Former Pupil Rugby Football Club is a rugby union club based in Prestonpans in East Lothian, Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Soul Flower is the sixth studio album by the American recording group En Vogue. Released through 33rd Street and Funkigirl Records and distributed by Bayside Entertainment on February 24, 2004 in the United States, the album marked the band's debut with the label as well as their first full-length release to feature vocals by new band member Rhona Bennett who had joined remaining founding members Terry Ellis and Cindy Herron the year before following the departure of Amanda Cole, resulting into the partial re-recording of several songs on Soul Flower that Cole had originally lent her voice to. The trio reteamed with longtime contributors Denzil Foster and Thomas McElroy to work on most of the album, with additional production coming from Troy Johnson, Dwayne Morgan, Phillips Scott, Marlon McClain, and songwriting collective Trackheadz. Upon its release, Soul Flower debuted at number 47 on the US Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and\n\nPeter Cr\u00fcger or Peter Kr\u00fcger (20 October 1580 \u2013 6 June 1639) was a mathematician, astronomer, polymath, and teacher of Johannes Hevelius. Life Cr\u00fcger was born in K\u00f6nigsberg, Duchy of Prussia, a fief of the Kingdom of Poland. In scientific documents published in Latin, his common name Kr\u00fcger (German for potter or innkeeper) was Latinized and spelled Cr\u00fcger. (Compared to the frequency of the family name Kr\u00fcger, the name Cr\u00fcger is relatively uncommon.) Cr\u00fcger studied at the universities in K\u00f6nigsberg, Leipzig and Wittenberg, graduating from Wittenberg in 1606. Among his teachers were Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler. He then moved to the city of Danzig (Gda\u0144sk) in the Kingdom of Poland, where he worked for the rest of his life as a professor of poetry and mathematics at the Danziger Akademikum (Danzig Academy). As a philosopher and poet, Cr\u00fcger was associated with the poet Johannes Plavius, who in his Institutio\n\nAlfred Dockery (December 11, 1797 \u2013 December 3, 1873) was an American Congressional Representative from North Carolina. Early life and career Alfred Dockery was born near Rockingham, North Carolina. He attended the public schools and engaged in planting. Dockery was a member of the North Carolina House of Commons in 1822. He was also the father of Oliver Hart Dockery, who was born in 1830. Dockery was a member of the State constitutional convention in 1835, where he advocated the liberal position \"that free blacks should continue to be allowed to vote, which the convention rejected.\" He then served in the North Carolina State Senate from 1836 to 1844. Dockery was elected as a Whig to the Twenty-ninth Congress (March 4, 1845 \u2013 March 3, 1847). He declined to be a candidate for re-election in 1846 to the Thirtieth Congress, but was elected to the Thirty-second Congress (March 4, 1851\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Alfred Dockery is.", "output": "Alfred Dockery was an American Congressional Representative from North Carolina."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Herman Johan Foss Reimers (15 September 1843 \u2013 7 February 1928) was Norwegian judge and politician for the Conservative Party. Background Reimers was born at Bergen in Hordaland, Norway. He was cand. jur. in 1867. Career He served in the Ministry of Finance during 1878. From April to June 1884 he was Councillor of State and Chief of the Norwegian Minister of Finance as a part of the short-lived Schweigaard's Ministerium in the cabinet of Prime Minister Christian Homann Schweigaard. . From 1884 he was a Supreme Court Assessor. He was a member of Kristiania (now Oslo) city council from 1887 to 1892, and he served the term 1889\u20131891 as a member of the Parliament of Norway, representing the constituency of \u00d8sterris\u00f8r. Personal life His granddaughter Mimi Reimers married Olaf D. Thommessen. References 1843 births 1928 deaths Norwegian judges Members of the Storting Ministers of Finance of Norway Politicians from\n\nThe zebra pleco (Hypancistrus zebra) is a species of catfish endemic to a small section of the Rio Xingu in Brazil. It occurs in the big bend area of the river, downstream from the town of Altamira, Para. It was first described in 1991. It gets its name from its black and white stripes, resembling the colouration of a zebra. This species grows to a length of SL. This species was exported from Brazil in for sale as aquarium fish. However, currently, the Brazilian government bans the export of certain fish species, including H. zebra. H. zebra is threatened by the Belo Monte Dam in the Xingu river which has caused a severe reduction of the water flow of the entire known distribution range of the species. Due to this, the species has been classified as critically endangered and may soon become extinct in the wild. It is subject to\n\nUluborlu is a town in Isparta Province in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. It is the seat of Senirkent District and has a population of 5,635 (2022). Uluborlu has been identified as the ancient town of Sozopolis. History Throughout history, Uluborlu has been on the military and commercial crossroads of Asia minor which has shaped its character. The settlement is known from prehistoric times and was called either Sozopolis or Apollonia. In early historic times it was part of Phrygia. It fell to Alexander the Great in the 330s BC. Following Alexander's death it passed to the Asian arm of the Seleucid Empire and then the Attalid kingdom (188\u2013133 BC) for 130 years. Subsequently, it was ceded to the Romans and formed part of the province of Asia until the division of the Roman Empire in 395 AD. Sozopolis remained then part of the Byzantine Empire until 1074 when it\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Herman Johan Foss Reimers.", "output": "Herman Johan Foss Reimers was Norwegian judge and politician for the Conservative Party."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Compensated emancipation was a method of ending slavery, under which the enslaved person's owner received compensation from the government in exchange for manumitting the slave. This could be monetary, and it could allow the owner to retain the slave for a period of labor as an indentured servant. Cash compensation rarely was equal to the slave's market value. Indentured servitude was seen as a compromise between slavery and outright emancipation, an intermediate step. However, no one was happy with compensated emancipation. Owners complained that their compensation was small compared with their loss; they were paid less, often much less, than what the slaveowner could have sold the enslaved person for (the market value). Governments and non-slaveholding citizens complained about the financial burden of compensating the owners, while for the formerly enslaved it seemed ludicrous that those who had all along benefited from slavery should now receive additional compensation, while its\n\nA close order formation is a military tactical formation in which soldiers are close together and regularly arranged for the tactical concentration of force. It was used by heavy infantry in ancient warfare, as the basis for shield wall and phalanx tactics, to multiply their effective weight of arms by their weight of numbers. In the Late Middle Ages, Swiss pikemen and German Landsknechts used close order formations that were similar to ancient phalanxes. Around the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), such organizations of soldiers became uncommon since improvements in firearms and artillery had made any such dense formation increasingly hazardous and less effective. The technological concentration of increased firepower to fewer soldiers had rendered the close order formation obsolete by the end of the 19th century. Modern infantry now use skirmish order, which is effectively the opposite of close order. Antiquity Images from the Sumerian kingdom from the 3rd millennium\n\nAnti-Hindu sentiment, sometimes referred to as Hinduphobia, is a negative perception, sentiment or actions against the practitioners of Hinduism. Definitions Scholar Jeffery D. Long defines the term \"Hinduphobia\" as an irrational aversion of Hindus or Hinduism. Vamsee Juluri, a Professor of Media Studies at the University of San Francisco agrees. Examples of anti-Hindu sentiments According to the religious dialogue activist P. N. Benjamin, some Christian evangelists denigrate Hindu gods and consider Hindu rituals barbaric, and such attitudes have caused tensions between religious communities. Akbaruddin Owaisi, a leader of the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen party in Hyderabad, has been charged several times for hate speeches denigrating Hindu gods and inciting violence against Hindus. A Muslim preacher apologised for insulting Hinduism in 2014, after an uproar. Hindus have historically been, and continue to be, considered Kafirs by Muslims and Heathen, Satanic or Demonic by some Christians. Asia Afghanistan The Taliban government in\n\nQuestion: Define Anti-Hindu sentiment.", "output": "Anti-Hindu sentiment, sometimes referred to as Hinduphobia,  is a negative perception, sentiment or actions against the practitioners of Hinduism."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The National Alliance of Youth and Students for National Reunification (), or the Pomchonghakryon (), is a North Korea-based organization that promotes Korean reunification. It was founded on 15 August 1992, the 47th anniversary of the end of Japanese occupation on the Korean peninsula. It considers the South Korea-based Hanchongryun (South Korean Federation of University Student Councils), which was a well-known target of the National Security Act in South Korea, as its southern headquarters. It also has an overseas branch based in Japan. It holds meetings roughly once a year, with the stated goal of ending the foreign domination and intervention in Korea and moving towards peaceful reunification of Korea. See also Korean unification References KCNA News, 14 December 1997, accessed 3 March 2006 KCNA News, 17 August 1998, accessed 3 March 2006 External links Pomchonghakryon (South branch) web site (in Korean) Politics of South Korea Politics of North Korea\n\nDorinda Hafner (born 1947) is an Ghanaian-born Australian author, actress, dancer, choreographer, public speaker, writer and television chef, She is also an optician and registered nurse Early life Hafner was born in 1947 in Ghana, when it was still a British crown colony called Ashanti. Her father was a surgeon, and her mother a midwife, with her family part of the Ashanti royal family, and she grew up in an affluent family but with a mother who taught her how to do manual work as well. Her maternal great-grandfather emigrated to Ghana from Scotland in the 19th century. Hafner was affected by a violent civil war in her country when she was still in primary school. She won a scholarship to the Wesley Girls' Senior High School, Cape Coast, Ghana, where her education taught her more about the British royal family and Europe than Africa and she was influenced by\n\nTI Connect is an application available from Texas Instruments (TI) that allows users to transfer files between a TI graphing calculator and a computer via a link cable. While all models that are capable of linking are supported with the macOS version of TI-Connect, the TI-82 and TI-85 are not currently supported with the Windows version. It has been superseded with TI Connect CE. TI Connect is the successor of the TI-Graph Link software and contains similar functionality. Even though TI Connect was released 6 years after Windows 95 came out, this was TI\u2019s first attempt to move out of the 16-bit software paradigm made prevalent in Windows 3.1. One feature which TI Connect did not retain from TI-Graph Link was the ability to edit TI-BASIC on a computer, but unlike TI-Graph Link, does not require a software version specific to each calculator. Many slowdowns are experienced with the software,\n\nQuestion: Who is Dorinda Hafner?", "output": "Dorinda Hafner is an Ghanaian-born Australian author, actress, dancer, choreographer, public speaker, writer and television chef, She is also an optician and registered nurse\n\nEarly life\n\nHafner was born in 1947 in Ghana, when it was still a British crown colony called Ashanti."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Edme Jeaurat (1688\u20131738) was a French engraver from Vermenton, near Auxerre. Jeaurat was the son of an engraver and the elder brother of painter Etienne Jeaurat. His father took young Edme to Paris and apprenticed him to Bernard Picart. After working there many years, Jeaurat moved to the Netherlands, where he made his living producing engravings of the great paintings in Amsterdam and The Hague, while studying Dutch painting. Upon his return to Paris, he was reunited with his brother, whom he had not seen in many years. He began engraving Etienne's paintings and became known for his accurate work. Jeaurat was also employed by Pierre Crozat to engrave pictures for his famous collection. In 1722 in Paris, he married Marie-Charlotte Le Clerc, the sister of the artist Le Clerc, and many of his engravings are of the religious pictures painted by his brother-in-law. He had two sons, Nicolas Henri,\n\nJohn Oscar Dickshot (born John Oscar Dicksus, January 24, 1910 \u2013 November 4, 1997), nicknamed \"Ugly\" Johnny Dickshot, was an American professional baseball left fielder. He played in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates, the New York Giants, and the Chicago White Sox. His professional career, including the seasons he spent in Minor League Baseball, ran from 1930 to 1947. He received the nickname \"Ugly\" because he proclaimed himself to be \"the ugliest man in baseball\" during his career. From Waukegan, Illinois, Dickshot began playing as a semi-professional and in the minor leagues in the early 1930s. He was scouted and signed by the Pirates in 1934, and they promoted him to the major leagues in 1936. The Pirates gave Dickshot a significant role in 1937, but played him sparingly in 1938. A strong season in the minor leagues in 1939 earned him a brief trial with the Giants.\n\nRip Van Dam ( \u2013 10 June 1749) was the acting governor of the Province of New York from 1731 to 1732. As one of the leaders of the republican liberal (or \"country\") party, Van Dam confronted the subsequent royal governor William Cosby. Early life Rip Van Dam was born, about 1660, at Beverwyck, Albany, New York, where he was raised. He was the son of Maria Bords and Claes Ripse Van Dam, a middle class local socialite who traded through his carpentry business and operated as a contractor. By him, Van Dam was related to the Dutch Church of Albany. Career In Albany, Van Dam was employed since his adolescence by Robert Story, a businessman of Manhattan, New York City, who was trading around. Subsequently, Van Dam was sent to New York, to study business management earnestly, and he became a prominent merchant, running his own business. During the\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Edme Jeaurat.", "output": "Edme Jeaurat was a French engraver from Vermenton, near Auxerre."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Perfect Human () is a cult short film in black and white by J\u00f8rgen Leth lasting 13 minutes about a middle class Danish couple performing everyday rituals. The film examines human behavior in a suave, pseudo-scientific way. It depicts well-dressed actors, a man and a woman, both labelled 'the perfect human' in a detached manner, 'functioning' in a blank boundless room, as though they were subjects in a zoo. The tone of world-weary detachment is created through a voice-over providing comments on their mundane actions. The film was later seen in five different versions when Leth was challenged by filmmaker Lars von Trier, which were compiled in The Five Obstructions. See also The Perfect Human (alevism) References External links The Perfect Human at Danish Film Institute 1960s short documentary films 1968 films Danish short documentary films Films directed by J\u00f8rgen Leth Danish-language films 1968 short films 1968 documentary films\n\nViestards (also Viesthard, Vesthardus, Viesturs; died 1230) was one of the greatest Semigallian dukes in the 13th century, referred to as King Vester (). Life His capital was T\u0113rvete hillfort. During the first decades of the 13th century he was allied with the Livonian Brothers of the Sword against Lithuanians, who looted Semigallia on several occasions. In 1205, joint forces of semigallians and crusaders defeated Lithuanians and killed duke \u017dvelgaitis. In 1208 Viestards led a united Semigallian and crusader army into Lithuania but was heavily defeated. In 1219 Viestards came into conflict with German bishop Albert when German crusaders placed their garrison in Semigallian castle of Me\u017eotne. Viestards unsuccessfully attacked Me\u017eotne but managed to defeat the reinforcement of crusaders coming on Lielupe river after that crusaders left Me\u017eotne. Viestards became an enemy of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and made an alliance with his neighbors, the Samogitians. Together they\n\nThe East India Docks were a group of docks in Blackwall, east London, north-east of the Isle of Dogs. Today only the entrance basin and listed perimeter wall remain visible. History Early history Following the successful creation of the West India Docks which opened in 1802, an Act of Parliament in 1803 set up the East India Dock Company, promoted by the Honourable East India Company. Joseph Cotton was chairman of the Dock Company from 1803. The foundation stone was laid on 11 March 1805 and the sluices of its floating gate opened on 26 July 1806, being ready to receive ships five days later. The docks, designed by engineer Ralph Walker, were located to the north-east of the West India Docks. They were based on the existing Brunswick Dock, which had been used for fitting out and repairing ships as part of Blackwall Yard. The Brunswick Dock, which had\n\nQuestion: What's The Perfect Human?", "output": "The Perfect Human is a cult short film in black and white by J\u00f8rgen Leth lasting 13 minutes about a middle class Danish couple performing everyday rituals."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Burgberg Cable Car () is a cable car in Bad Harzburg, Germany. It was built in 1929 by the Bleichert engineering corporation and has a length of 481 metres. Its hauling cable has a diameter of 18 mm, its carrying cable a diameter of 37 mm. It is driven by a engine at the summit station. It has two cabins carrying up to 18 passengers each. The cable car is named after the Burgberg mountain, site of the historic Harzburg Castle, built by Emperor Henry IV about 1068. The upper terminus was erected next to the ruins. Cable car and stations are preserved in their original 1920s condition. The large gondolas transport passengers in three minutes to the Gro\u00dfer Burgberg (483 m). From there, there is a panoramic view of Bad Harzburg, the surrounding mountains and far across the Harz region. On the Burgberg are castle ruins to explore\n\nActing is an activity in which a story is told by means of its enactment by an actor who adopts a character\u2014in theatre, television, film, radio, or any other medium that makes use of the mimetic mode. Acting involves a broad range of skills, including a well-developed imagination, emotional facility, physical expressivity, vocal projection, clarity of speech, and the ability to interpret drama. Acting also demands an ability to employ dialects, accents, improvisation, observation and emulation, mime, and stage combat. Many actors train at length in specialist programs or colleges to develop these skills. The vast majority of professional actors have undergone extensive training. Actors and actresses will often have many instructors and teachers for a full range of training involving singing, scene-work, audition techniques, and acting for camera. Most early sources in the West that examine the art of acting (, hypokrisis) discuss it as part of rhetoric. History\n\nA loop line or loop around is a telephone company test circuit. The circuit has two associated phone numbers. When one side of the loop is called (side A), the caller receives a test tone of approximately 1000 Hz (milliwatt test). When the second number (side B) is called, it produces dead silence, but the party on side A hears the milliwatt test tone drop, and is connected to the person on side B. The purpose of the loop around test is to allow circuit testing to a distant central office without needing a person at the far end. The technician can send a tone down either line and measure the response tone on the second line to determine the path loss parameters. When a line is connected to side A, multiple telephone lines, within limits, may connect to side B and thus be connected into a conference with the\n\nQuestion: Define Loop around.", "output": "A loop line or loop around is a telephone company test circuit."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Environmental harmful product dumping (\u201cenvironmental dumping\u201d) is the practice of transfrontier shipment of waste (household waste, industrial/nuclear waste, etc.) from one country to another. The goal is to take the waste to a country that has less strict environmental laws, or environmental laws that are not strictly enforced. The economic benefit of this practice is cheap disposal or recycling of waste without the economic regulations of the original country. This historical dumping of hazardous waste was possible because less-developed countries did not always: 1) know what was being imported, 2) know what the hazards and trade-offs were, 3) have the enforcement structure in place to apprehend and halt imports, or 4) possess the political consensus and necessary independence to look out for their own national interests. With the industrialization and globalization of China and other developing countries, environmental dumping can involve both developing and developed countries as origin and destination.\n\nA Spell for Chameleon is a fantasy novel by British-American writer Piers Anthony, published in 1977 by Ballantine Books/Del Rey Books. It is the first book of the Xanth series. Plot introduction In this adventure, Bink is exiled to Mundania because he has (inadvertently) broken Xanth law by not having a magical talent. He returns to Xanth with Chameleon, a woman whose intelligence and beauty vary inversely depending on the time of the month, and the evil magician Trent, who was exiled 20 years earlier for attempting to usurp the throne of Xanth. Plot summary The book starts with the main character, Bink, in his home village. He must discover his magical talent before he comes of age, or be exiled to Mundania. While on his way to see the Good Magician Humfrey about whether he has a magic talent, Bink runs into three different women, Wynne, Dee, and Iris,\n\nBigadi\u00e7 is a municipality and district of Bal\u0131kesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,108 km2, and its population is 48,917 (2022). As former Ancient bishopric of Achyraus, it remains a Latin Catholic titular see. Bigadi\u00e7 has the largest Boron reserves of both Turkey and the world. Also, villages of Bigadi\u00e7 have natural thermal water reserves which contains Selenium and Sulfur. Etymology The oldest known name of Bigadi\u00e7 is ancient Greek Achyraos (\u0391\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 in Ancient Greek), Latin(ized) Achyraus, renamed during the Byzantine era Pegadia (\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1), which means \"springs, wells\", from which it evolved to Begadia, to Begados, and eventually to the Turkishized name Bugad\u0131\u00e7. Some support the popular etymology that Bo\u011fad\u0131\u00e7 would mean \"Bull meadow\" (Bo\u011fa being the Turkish word for a bull). Composition There are 80 neighbourhoods in Bigadi\u00e7 District: 4 Eyl\u00fcl Abac\u0131 Adal\u0131 Akyar Alank\u00f6y Alt\u0131nlar A\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u00e7aml\u0131 A\u015fa\u011f\u0131g\u00f6cek Babak\u00f6y Bademli Balatl\u0131 Ba\u015f\u00e7e\u015fme Be\u011fendikler Bekirler Bozb\u00fck \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u015f Cami \u00c7amk\u00f6y \u00c7avu\u015f\n\nQuestion: What is Bigadi\u00e7?", "output": "Bigadi\u00e7 is a municipality and district of Bal\u0131kesir Province, Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lakshadweep Lok Sabha constituency is a Lok Sabha (lower house of the Indian parliament) constituency, which covers the entire area of the Union Territory of Lakshadweep in India. This seat is reserved for Scheduled Tribes. As of 2014, it is the smallest Lok Sabha constituency by number of voters. Until 1957, Lakshadweep formed part of a constituency in the Malabar District, but it was only in 1967 that its member of parliament (MP) was directly elected, having previously been appointed by the President of India. Its first MP was K. Nalla Koya Thangal of the Indian National Congress (INC) who served two terms from 1957 to 1967. Its first election in 1967 was won by independent politician, P. M. Sayeed. In the next election in 1971, Sayeed representing the INC was elected unopposed. He went on to win the next eight elections consecutively before being defeated by 71 votes in\n\nChristus Victor is a book by Gustaf Aul\u00e9n published in English in 1931, presenting a study of theories of atonement in Christianity. The original Swedish title is Den kristna f\u00f6rsoningstanken (\"The Christian Idea of the Atonement\") published in 1930. Aul\u00e9n reinterpreted the classic ransom theory of atonement, which says that Christ's death is a ransom to the powers of evil, which had held humankind in their dominion. It is a model of the atonement that is dated to the Church Fathers, and it was the dominant theory of atonement for a thousand years, until Anselm of Canterbury supplanted it in the West with his satisfaction theory of atonement. Aul\u00e9n interpreted the ransom theory as a \"victory over the powers which hold mankind in bondage: sin, death, and the devil.\" According to Pugh, \"Ever since [Aul\u00e9n's] time, we call these patristic ideas the Christus Victor way of seeing the cross.\" It\n\nMarie-Catherine de Villedieu, born Marie-Catherine Desjardins and generally referred to as Madame de Villedieu (1640 \u2013 20 October 1683) was a French writer of plays, novels and short fiction. Largely forgotten or eclipsed by other writers of the period (such as Madame de La Fayette) in the works of literary historians of the 19th and 20th centuries, Madame de Villedieu is currently enjoying a literary revival. Biography Madame de Villedieu was born at Alen\u00e7on, the second daughter of Guillaume Desjardins and Catherine Ferrand, who worked as a ladies' maid for the wife of duke Henri de Rohan-Montbazon. After the divorce of her parents in 1655 the fifteen-year-old girl was taken by her mother to Paris. She came under the protection of the duchess of Rohan (thanks to the poems she presented her). Louis XIV gave Madame de Villedieu a pension of 1500 livres. She was admitted to the Academy of\n\nQuestion: What's Christus Victor?", "output": "Christus Victor is a book by Gustaf Aul\u00e9n published in English in 1931, presenting a study of theories of atonement in Christianity."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge located in five separate units in Baldwin and Mobile Counties, United States, directly west of Gulf Shores, Alabama on the Fort Morgan Peninsula. The refuge serves as a resting and feeding area for migratory birds and as a sanctuary for native flora and fauna. The refuge is one of the largest undeveloped parcels of land on the Alabama coast. Established in 1980, Bon Secour (the name, in French, means \"safe harbor\") is smaller than most other national wildlife refuges, and is divided into Sand Bayou, Perdue, Little Point Clear, Fort Morgan, and Little Dauphin Island. The Perdue unit is the most developed. Most units are located on the Fort Morgan Peninsula in Baldwin County, except Little Dauphin Island, which is in Mobile County. More than 50,000 guests visit the refuge annually. The fiscal year 2005 budget was $404,000. Protected habitats\n\nVitamin Records is a Los Angeles-based record label founded in 1999 as a subsidiary of CMH Records. The label was formerly home to the Vitamin String Quartet, who are best known for performing string quartet tributes to popular rock and metal acts such as Tool, Nine Inch Nails, and Radiohead. Vitamin Records has also produced tribute albums in several other styles including lounge, electronica, industrial, and dub music. The label's first release was The String Quartet Tribute to Led Zeppelin in 1999. Since then, Vitamin Records has released over 185 albums in a variety of genres. Vitamin Records has also released an album honoring songs from the popular video game series Guitar Hero. Media The Vitamin String Quartet contributed a recording of \"Jack and Sally Montage\" to Nightmare Revisited, which was released on September 30, 2008 by Walt Disney Records and also included tracks by Marilyn Manson, Korn and Shiny\n\nBaban () was a Kurdish principality existing from the 16th century to 1850, centered around Sulaymaniyah. The Baban principality played an active role in the Ottoman-Safavid conflict and gave significant military support to the Ottomans. They were in constant rivalry with Ardalan, Bohtan and Soran and its territory would therefore oscillate. Before the removal of the last Baban leader in 1850, their rule had become limited to their capital Sulaymaniyah and few surrounding villages. The modern city of Sulaymaniyah was built by Baban in 1784 which served as their capital. Prior to the founding of the city, the dynasty lived in Qala \u00c7olan. The principality also encouraged and facilitated the use of Sorani Kurdish among its local literary authors. Origins When the Ottomans arrived to the Sulaymaniyah plains (Shahrizor), the Baban princes had already established themselves in the region. However, there is no pre-Ottoman source on Baban, and their origins\n\nQuestion: What is Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge?", "output": "Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge is a  National Wildlife Refuge located in five separate units in Baldwin and Mobile Counties, United States, directly west of Gulf Shores, Alabama on the Fort Morgan Peninsula."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Laodicea Combusta (, Laodikeia Katakekaumen\u00ea, \"Laodicea the Burned\") or Laodicea (), and later known as Claudiolaodicea, was a Hellenistic city in central Anatolia, in the region of Pisidia; its site is currently occupied by the town of Ladik in the muncipality of Saray\u00f6n\u00fc, Konya Province, in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Etymology Its surname () is derived by Strabo (from the volcanic nature of the surrounding country), but Hamilton asserts that there is not a particle of volcanic or igneous rock in the neighbourhood, and it may be added that, if such were the case, the town would rather have been called, in Greek, Laodikeia t\u00eas katakekaumen\u00eas. The most probable solution undoubtedly is that the town was at one time destroyed by fire, and that on being rebuilt it received the distinguishing surname. Some ancient authors describe it as situated in Lycaonia and others as a town of Pisidia, and Ptolemy places\n\nThe Golden Bull of Rimini was a decree issued by Emperor Frederick II in Rimini in March 1226 that granted and confirmed the privilege of territorial conquest and acquisition for the Teutonic Order in Prussia. According to historian Tomasz Jasi\u0144ski, the bull was backdated and had actually been issued in 1235. It represents the first of a series of three documents, that include the Treaty of Kruschwitz of 1230 and the Papal Golden Bull of Rieti of 1234. Background The Piast duke Konrad I of Masovia had since 1209 engaged in several military campaigns against the pagan Old Prussians. In 1217 Pope Honorius III authorized bishop Christian of Oliva to designate these conquests as the Prussian Crusade. In 1222/23 Konrad attempted to subdue the Prussian territories of the Culmer Land east of the Vistula River. Backed by his Polish cousins Leszek I the White and Henry I the Bearded, he\n\nStandard Life is a life assurance, pensions and long-terms savings company in the UK which is owned by Phoenix Group. History 1825\u20132010 The Standard Life Assurance Company was established in 1825 and reincorporated as a mutual assurance company in 1925. During the 19th century it opened offices in Canada, India, China and Uruguay. In 2006 demutualisation took place and the company was floated on the London Stock Exchange. The company sold Standard Life Bank plc to Barclays plc in January 2010 and then acquired the remaining 75 per cent stake in Threesixty, a financial advisory support business, that it did not already own for an undisclosed sum in March 2010. It sold its healthcare division to Discovery Holdings, a South African business, in May 2010 and went on to buy Focus Solutions Group, a financial software company, for \u00a342m in December 2010. 2011\u20132015 In February 2013, the company announced that\n\nQuestion: What's Standard Life?", "output": "Standard Life is a life assurance, pensions and long-terms savings company in the UK which is owned by Phoenix Group."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Global Descriptor Table (GDT) is a data structure used by Intel x86-family processors starting with the 80286 in order to define the characteristics of the various memory areas used during program execution, including the base address, the size, and access privileges like executability and writability. These memory areas are called segments in Intel terminology. Description The GDT is a table of 8-byte entries. Each entry may refer to a segment descriptor, Task State Segment (TSS), Local Descriptor Table (LDT), or call gate. Call gates were designed for transferring control between x86 privilege levels, although this mechanism is not used on most modern operating systems. There is also a Local Descriptor Table (LDT). Multiple LDTs can be defined in the GDT, but only one is current at any one time: usually associated with the current Task. While the LDT contains memory segments which are private to a specific process, the\n\nGhislain Barbe is a Canadian illustrator and artist. He is best known for designing the visual aspects of the Heavy Gear science fiction franchise in the 1990s and early 2000s. He was also responsible for the overall graphics of publisher Dream Pod 9's role-playing game lines Jovian Chronicles and Tribe 8, along with some other works, for which he illustrated nearly a hundred books. He also created the visuals for the characters of PBS's educational cartoon TV series Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat and collaborated to several other shows such as Cin\u00e9Groupe's Lion of oz and the badge of courage and Pig City. In the videogames industry, apart from art directing console games (Teen Titans, Monster House, Indiana Jones and the Staff of Kings), he designed some of the newer characters of the Carmen Sandiego franchise, such as Cole Gannon and the V.I.L.E. Bots for the videogame Carmen Sandiego: The\n\nWest African Pidgin English, also known as Guinea Coast Creole English, is a West African pidgin language lexified by English and local African languages. It originated as a language of commerce between British and African slave traders during the period of the transatlantic slave trade. about 75 million people in Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana and Equatorial Guinea used the language. Because it is primarily a spoken language, there is no standardized written form, and many local varieties exist. These include Sierra Leone Krio, Nigerian Pidgin, Ghanaian Pidgin English, Cameroonian Pidgin English, Liberian Pidgin English, the Aku dialect of Krio, and Pichinglis. History West African Pidgin English arose during the period of the transatlantic slave trade as a language of commerce between British and African slave traders. Portuguese merchants were the first Europeans to trade in West Africa beginning in the 15th century, and West African Pidgin English contains numerous words of\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Global Descriptor Table is.", "output": "The Global Descriptor Table is a data structure used by Intel x86-family processors starting with the 80286 in order to define the characteristics of the various memory areas used during program execution, including the base address, the size, and access privileges like executability and writability."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Star\u00e1 \u013dubov\u0148a ( ) is a town with approximately 16,000 inhabitants in northeastern Slovakia. The town consists of the districts Podsadek and Star\u00e1 \u013dubov\u0148a. Names The name is of Slovak or Slavic origin and is potentially derived from a personal name. It comes from a root \u013eub- meaning lovely, nicely. The same root is present in Czech Libe\u0148, Polish Lublin, Slovenian Ljubljana and others similar Slavic geographic names. The German name Altlublau and the Hungarian \u00d3lubl\u00f3 were derived from the Slovak version. Geography Star\u00e1 \u013dubov\u0148a is situated on the Poprad River south of the Polish border and east of the High Tatras. It is one of the oldest towns in the Spi\u0161, an historic administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary, and is today the administrative capital of the district of Star\u00e1 \u013dubov\u0148a in the Pre\u0161ov Region. History In 1292 Star\u00e1 \u013dubov\u0148a is first mentioned as Libenow. Until it\n\nEric Rigler is an American player of the Uilleann pipes, Great Highland Bagpipes, and tin whistle. He performs as a solo artist and with the band Bad Haggis, and has been featured on a number of movie soundtracks. He has been described as \"the most recorded bagpiper of all time\". He has been playing all forms of bagpipes and tin whistles since he was a child, performing solo, with bagpipe bands and other musical groups. He has been featured playing Great Highland bagpipes, Uilleann pipes and tin whistle on numerous movie soundtracks, including Titanic, Million Dollar Baby, Road to Perdition, Braveheart, Cinderella Man, Robots, Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me, The Prince of Egypt, and Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World. His music was frequently used on the NBC show Crossing Jordan, and his arrangement of an Irish tune was used as its opening theme during\n\nMary Elizabeth Walton was a nineteenth-century American inventor who was awarded two patents for pollution-reducing devices. In 1881, Walton created a method for reducing the environmental hazards of the smoke emitted from locomotive, industrial and residential chimneys. Her system deflected the emissions being produced by factory smokestacks into water tanks, where the pollutants were retained and later flushed \"into the sewer, or into other suitable channels for conducting them to a distant or any desired locality\". This water tank system redirected smoke, odors, and pollutants away from the city and out of the air before society had even come to an understanding of the problem. The extent of the problem was a dark cloud that hung in the air and an unpleasant odor, yet Walton inadvertently also helped to reduce air pollution and cancer-causing coal smoke. Mary Walton also invented a system for reducing the noise produced by the elevated\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Star\u00e1 \u013dubov\u0148a is.", "output": "Star\u00e1 \u013dubov\u0148a is a town with approximately 16,000 inhabitants in northeastern Slovakia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ma\u00e7ka (, the \"club\"; Laz: \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10ee\u10d0 Ma\u00e7xa) is a municipality and district of Trabzon Province, Turkey. Its area is 925 km2, and its population is 24,709 (2022). The name derives from the medieval Greek Matzouka, which was one of the provinces of the Empire of Trebizond. In Ottoman times, the area formed the nahiye of Ma\u00e7uka. The Greek Orthodox Sumela Monastery is located in the district. Composition There are 67 neighbourhoods in Ma\u00e7ka District: Akarsu Akmescit Ala\u00e7am Alata\u015f Alt\u0131ndere Anayurt Ard\u0131\u00e7l\u0131yayla Arma\u011fan Atasu Ba\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 Bah\u00e7ekaya Bak\u0131ml\u0131 Bak\u0131rc\u0131lar Bar\u0131\u015fl\u0131 Ba\u015far \u00c7aml\u0131d\u00fcz \u00c7atak \u00c7ay\u0131rlar \u00c7e\u015fmeler \u00c7\u0131ral\u0131 Co\u015fandere Dikkaya Ergink\u00f6y Esiro\u011flu Fatih Gayretli G\u00fcnay G\u00fcney G\u00fcrgena\u011fa\u00e7 G\u00fczelce G\u00fczelyayla Hamsik\u00f6y H\u0131zarl\u0131 Kap\u0131k\u00f6y Kaynarca K\u0131ranta\u015f Kiremitli Konak K\u00f6pr\u00fcyan\u0131 Koza\u011fa\u00e7 Ku\u015f\u00e7u Matarac\u0131 Merkez Ocakl\u0131 O\u011fula\u011fa\u00e7 \u00d6\u011f\u00fctl\u00fc Ormani\u00e7i Orman\u00fcst\u00fc \u00d6rnekalan Ortak\u00f6y Re\u015fadiye Sevin\u00e7 \u015eim\u015firli S\u0131nd\u0131ran Sukenar\u0131 Temelli \u00dc\u00e7gedik Yaylaba\u015f\u0131 Yaz\u0131l\u0131ta\u015f Yazl\u0131k Yeni Atasu Yenik\u00f6y Ye\u015filtepe Mahallesi Ye\u015filyurt Yukar\u0131k\u00f6y Y\u00fcz\u00fcnc\u00fcy\u0131l Zaferli Gallery Twin towns \u2013 Sister cities Ma\u00e7ka\n\nZoobombs is a Japanese indie rock band, formed in Tokyo in 1994 by vocalist and guitarist Don Matsuo. History The band formed in Tokyo in 1994, self-releasing four cassette albums. In 1999, the group signed to Virgin/EMI Japan where they released three albums. That year the band performed in Toronto as part of the Neon Palm Festival. In 2013, the bassist in the group Moostop announced his desire to leave the group. Vocalist Don Matsuo stated that \"I wasn\u2019t really surprised, and knew that maybe this would happen one day, but I still wasn\u2019t happy about his decision.\" The group did a tour and recorded a tour-only EP together. During this tour, the groups' drummer Pitt also announced his departure. Don Matuso and his wife Matta began focus on a new group called The Randolf after this tour. 18 months after the group announced their departure, Matsuo reformed the group\n\nConrose Park, also known as the Horsefield, is a Canadian urban park in Halifax, Nova Scotia in the western area of the Halifax Peninsula. Park Located south of Jubilee Road, the park's western boundary is formed by the Canadian National Railway corridor running from Rockingham to the Halifax Ocean Terminal. As such, Conrose Field is an integral part of the proposed Halifax Urban Greenway multi-use hiking and biking trail. Conrose Park contains two tennis courts, a small baseball diamond, an open field and a small playground with play structures and swings. Vegetation in the park, particularly along the railway corridor, is largely composed of European pasture grasses and herbs. The explanation for the non-native species is due to their ability to withstand trampling and cutting from the heavy human use of the area. Native plant species can be found in more remote areas of the park and along the rock\n\nQuestion: What's Conrose Park?", "output": "Conrose Park, also known as the  Horsefield, is a Canadian urban park in Halifax, Nova Scotia in the western area of the Halifax Peninsula."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Iceland Crisis Response Unit (ICRU; Icelandic: \u00cdslenska Fri\u00f0arg\u00e6slan) is an Icelandic para-military unit with a capacity roster of up to 200 people, of whom about 30 are active at any given time. It is operated by the Icelandic Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It is primarily designated for peacekeeping operations and was established in the 1990s to participate in operations and peacekeeping projects, including in support of NATO peacekeeping operations. That role later evolved into providing an appropriate forum for deploying personnel within other organizations such as with OSCE field missions as well as with UN DPKO, and organizations such as UNIFEM, UNRWA and UNICEF. The ICRU personnel has been deployed to the former territories of Yugoslavia, Kosovo and Afghanistan through NATO missions and UNIFEM and to the Middle East and North Africa with UNICEF, UNRWA and UNHCR. It had a civilian observer mission in Sri Lanka in co-operation with\n\nVariraptor ( ; \"Var thief\") is a genus of dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of France. Discovery Between 1992 and 1995 amateur paleontologists Patrick M\u00e9chin and Annie M\u00e9chin-Salessy uncovered the remains of a small theropod in the Gr\u00e8s \u00e0 Reptiles Formation (Campanian-Maastrichtian) at La Bastide Neuve, near Fox-Amphoux. The first finds were in 1992 assigned to the dubious theropod genus Elopteryx. A second article, in 1997, concluded they represented a new species. In 1998 this was named by Jean Le Loeuff and Eric Buffetaut as the type species Variraptor mechinorum. The generic name is derived from Latin Varus, referring to the Var River in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the Provence region of southern France, and raptor meaning \"thief\". The specific name honours the M\u00e9chin couple. The genus is based on three type specimens: a posterior dorsal vertebra (MDE-D168), a sacrum (MDE-D169) with five fused vertebrae, and an ilium\n\nAsianWeek was America's first and largest English language print and on-line publication serving Asian Americans. The news organization played an important role nationally and in the San Francisco Bay Area as the \u201cVoice of Asian America\u201d. It provided news coverage across all Asian ethnic groups. AsianWeek'''s nature was reflected in its name -- both its weekly frequency and its focus on a pan-ethnic Asian identity, as the only all English publication serving the Asian community.AsianWeek was one of the newspapers owned and operated by the Fang family of San Francisco, with others including the San Francisco Independent and the San Francisco Examiner. It was founded by John Fang in 1979 and helmed by long-time AsianWeek President James Fang from 1993-2009.AsianWeek headquarters were located in San Francisco's Chinatown. It stopped publishing a weekly print edition in 2009, and on-line publication ceased in 2012. AsianWeek still publishes occasional special editions and community\n\nQuestion: What's Iceland Crisis Response Unit?", "output": "The Iceland Crisis Response Unit is an Icelandic para-military unit with a capacity roster of up to 200 people, of whom about 30 are active at any given time."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ahmad Shah Massoud (Dari/Pashto: , ; September 2, 1953September 9, 2001) was an Afghan politician and military commander. He was a powerful guerrilla commander during the resistance against the Soviet occupation between 1979 and 1989. In the 1990s, he led the government's military wing against rival militias; after the Taliban takeover, he was the leading opposition commander against their regime until his assassination in 2001. Massoud came from an ethnic Tajik, Sunni Muslim background in the Panjshir Valley of Northern Afghanistan. He began studying engineering at Polytechnical University of Kabul in the 1970s, where he became involved with religious anti-communist movements around Burhanuddin Rabbani, a leading Islamist. He participated in a failed uprising against Mohammed Daoud Khan's government. He later joined Rabbani's Jamiat-e Islami party. During the Soviet\u2013Afghan War, his role as a powerful insurgent leader of the Afghan mujahideen earned him the nickname \"Lion of Panjshir\" () among his\n\nThe San Diego Symphony is an American symphony orchestra, based in San Diego, California. The orchestra is resident at Copley Symphony Hall. The orchestra also serves as the orchestra for the San Diego Opera. History On December 6th 1910, the orchestra gave its first concert as the San Diego Civic Orchestra. The orchestra encountered several periods of fiscal trouble over its history which forced it to cease operations. The first such period was from 1921 to 1926. The orchestra resumed limited summer concerts in 1927, but disbanded again in 1936. In 1949, the symphony began to play concerts again. Copley Symphony Hall was built in 1929 as a French Rococo style luxury movie theater, the Fox Theater. The venue was conferred to the Symphony in 1984. From 1996 to 1998, the fiscal troubles of the orchestra led it to file for bankruptcy in May 1996 and to cease operations. With\n\nKarl-Heinz Schnellinger (born 31 March 1939) is a German former footballer who played as a defender. An athletic and hard-tackling player, with a strong physique, he was nicknamed the \"Volkswagen\" for his continuity of performance, both in quantity and in quality, and for his versatility; indeed, although he was usually deployed as a full-back, he was capable of playing anywhere along the back, and could also play as a centre-back, as a sweeper, or even as a defensive midfielder. In his prime he was often considered one of the best and most complete left-backs in the world in his era, rivaled only by Giacinto Facchetti, Nilton Santos and Silvio Marzolini. Club career Schnellinger was born in D\u00fcren (then in Rhine Province, Prussia, today North Rhine-Westphalia). He won the German Championship with 1. FC K\u00f6ln in 1962, and was awarded the (Footballer of the Year (Germany)), performed well in the 1962\n\nQuestion: Who is Karl-Heinz Schnellinger", "output": "Karl-Heinz Schnellinger is a German former footballer who played as a defender."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "GridWay is an open-source meta-scheduling technology that enables large-scale, secure, reliable and efficient sharing of computing resources (clusters, computing farms, servers, supercomputers...), managed by different distributed resource management systems (DRMS), such as SGE, HTCondor, PBS or LSF, within a single organization (enterprise grid) or scattered across several administrative domains (partner or supply-chain grid). To this end, GridWay supports several Grid middlewares. Functionality GridWay provides end users and application developers with a scheduling framework similar to that found on local DRMS, allowing to submit, monitor, synchronize and control jobs by means of a DRMS-like command line interface (gwsubmit, gwwait, gwkill...) and DRMAA (an OGF standard). GridWay performs job execution management and resource brokering, allowing unattended, reliable, and efficient execution of jobs, array jobs, or complex jobs on heterogeneous, dynamic and loosely coupled Grids. GridWay performs all the job scheduling and submission steps transparently to the end user and adapts job execution\n\n\"The Death of Jack Hamilton\" is a short story by American writer Stephen King. It was originally published in the December 24/31, 2001 issue of The New Yorker magazine. In 2002, it was published in King's collection Everything's Eventual. This true crime story is based on the death of Jack Hamilton, a member of John Dillinger's first gang. Plot summary The story is written from the first-person view of Homer Van Meter, a member of John Dillinger's gang, who says he wants to tell the story of how Dillinger got the scar on his upper lip. Following a gun battle with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) at Little Bohemia Lodge, Van Meter, Dillinger and Jack Hamilton escape in a vehicle, though exchange gunfire with police from their vehicle some time later. The three men escape again, though Hamilton is shot. After ditching their damaged vehicle and stealing another from\n\nOperation Southeast Croatia () was a large-scale German-led counter-insurgency operation conducted in the southeastern parts of the Independent State of Croatia (, NDH; modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina) during World War II. It was the first of two German-led operations targeting mainly Yugoslav Partisans in eastern Bosnia between 15 January and 4 February 1942. Several days after the conclusion of Operation Southeast Croatia, a follow-up operation known as Operation Ozren was carried out between the Bosna and Spre\u010da rivers. Both operations also involved Croatian Home Guard and Italian troops and are associated with what is known as the Second Enemy Offensive () in post-war Yugoslav historiography. The Second Enemy Offensive forms part of the Seven Enemy Offensives framework in Yugoslav historiography. The insurgents in the area of operations included some groups of the communist-led Partisans and some of Serb\u2013chauvinist Chetniks. Although the Partisans and Chetniks had already irrevocably split in the\n\nQuestion: What is The Death of Jack Hamilton?", "output": "\"The Death of Jack Hamilton\" is a short story by American writer Stephen King."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Duracraft was founded in the late 1980s by Tim Chen, Bernard Chiu and Ronald Izen in Southborough, Massachusetts. Duracraft manufactured home appliances such as fans, humidifiers, dehumidifiers and air conditioners in the United States, China, and South America. they were famous for selling desk pedestal and window fans History Early sales of Duracraft were through Sears, Eckerds, and Kmart. Today Duracraft products are sold online as well as through Walmart and CVS Pharmacy, and many parts are sold online. In 1993, Duracraft had an initial public offering. The company received recognition from numerous organizations, including Fortune. In 1996, Honeywell approached Duracraft with an unsolicited offer. Duracraft was sold to Honeywell for US$283 million. In 2002, Kaz Incorporated (privately held) acquired Honeywell's Home Environment business for an undisclosed sum. This acquisition added Asia-based manufacturing capabilities that fueled the company's ability to enter new markets competitively. In 2011, Kaz became a wholly\n\n\"The Mutant\" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It was first broadcast on March 16, 1964, during the first season. Introduction Researchers on an alien planet live in fear of a man wearing goggles, a man who is paranoid and powerful\u2014and can read minds. Opening narration At this very moment, our horizon is menaced by two explosive forces, both man-made. One is a deadly wonder; the other, wondrously alive. Both forces have compelled Man to reach out for worlds beyond his own, new worlds where he may find peace, and room to grow. This is the first of those new worlds. The United Nations of Earth have claimed it, and called it Annex One. It is almost identical to Earth, except that there is no night\u2014sunlight is constant. Early reports from the small expeditionary team stationed on Annex One indicated that the ancient planet appeared\n\nRobert Wilkie Burgess (born May 19, 1941) is an American dancer and singer. He was one of the original Mouseketeers. Later, he was a regular on The Lawrence Welk Show. Early life Growing up in Southern California, Burgess started performing at age five, which included dancing, singing and playing the accordion. At the age of 13, in 1955, he was selected as one of the original Mouseketeers by Walt Disney to appear on his new ABC television series, The Mickey Mouse Club, giving young Burgess his first taste of celebrity. He also guest starred on The Donna Reed Show as a suitor of Mary Stone (Shelley Fabares). Burgess attended Southern California Military Academy in Long Beach for his elementary and junior high school. By the time Burgess turned 11, he had appeared in at least 75 television programs. After Disney When the series ended in 1959, Burgess returned to a\n\nQuestion: What is The Mutant?", "output": "\"The Mutant\" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The DeSoto Firesweep is an automobile that was produced by DeSoto from 1957 through 1959. Interior and exterior description The Firesweep was a lower-priced entry that combined a Dodge shell and chassis (which featured a 122-inch wheelbase, four inches shorter than that of the senior DeSotos) with a DeSoto bumper and grill. 1957 models were sold only as imports in Canada. While the Firesweep featured DeSoto's signature tailfins, the front clip (the front section, forward of the firewall) was based on the Dodge Coronet. The most telling feature was the headlight design, housed under heavily chromed lids typical of Dodge. Firesweep grilles were similar to those on other contemporary DeSoto models. The Firesweep could seat six passengers. It was available initially as a four-door sedan, four-door station wagon, two-door hardtop and four-door hardtop. A convertible was added for 1958. Depending on the body style, Firesweeps weighed between . The base\n\nDeuterosaurus is an extinct genus of dinocephalian therapsids, one of the non-mammalian synapsids dominating the land during the late Paleozoic. Anatomy Skulls of Deuterosaurus are well known from several finds. They were around 80 cm long (2 ft 6 in) with a long snout and conical teeth. Like all anteosaurs, the skull possessed long, dagger-like canine teeth. The skull was rather short for an anteosaur, with a broad cheek region, indicating a very strong bite. The eyes were partly slanted forward, giving it at least partial stereo vision. The pineal eye, though small, had a well formed opening right atop the brain case. Deuterosaurus was a very large animal, the size of a modern grizzly bear. T. H. Huxley mistakenly considered it to be a dinosaur. With its long tail, it had an adult length of 5\u20136 meters (15\u201318 ft) and weighted around half a ton. Judging from related therapsids,\n\nBartter syndrome (BS) is a rare inherited disease characterised by a defect in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, which results in low potassium levels (hypokalemia), increased blood pH (alkalosis), and normal to low blood pressure. There are two types of Bartter syndrome: neonatal and classic. A closely associated disorder, Gitelman syndrome, is milder than both subtypes of Bartter syndrome. Signs and symptoms In 90% of cases, neonatal Bartter syndrome is seen between 24 and 30 weeks of gestation with excess amniotic fluid (polyhydramnios). After birth, the infant is seen to urinate and drink excessively (polyuria, and polydipsia, respectively). Life-threatening dehydration may result if the infant does not receive adequate fluids. About 85% of infants dispose of excess amounts of calcium in the urine (hypercalciuria) and kidneys (nephrocalcinosis), which may lead to kidney stones. In rare occasions, the infant may progress to kidney failure. Patients with classic\n\nQuestion: What is DeSoto Firesweep", "output": "The DeSoto Firesweep is an automobile that was produced by DeSoto from 1957 through 1959."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Skidegate () is a Haida community in in British Columbia, Canada. It is on the southeast coast of Graham Island, the largest island in the archipelago, and is approximately west of mainland British Columbia across Hecate Strait. Skidegate, which is on Skidegate Indian Reserve No. 1 and was formerly home to the Skidegate Mission is also the northern terminal for the BC Ferries service between Graham Island and Alliford Bay on Moresby Island. According to tradition, the village was named after an earlier village chief, Sg\u0331iida-gidg\u0331a Iihllngas = \"Son of the Chiton\u201d whose name late 18th-century traders in sea otter pelts recorded as Skidegate. Between 1790 and 1820, the community was a hub for the exploitation of sea otter furs. Skidegate is home to a number of totem poles: T'anuu'llnagaay (Tanu) by Giitsxaa Hlknul'llnagaay (Cumshewa) by Gidansda Guujaaw HlGaagilda'llnagaay (Skidegate) by Norman Price K'uuna'llnagaay (Skedans) by Jim Hart Ts'aahj'llnagaay (Chaatl)\n\nDenman Arena was an indoor arena located in the West End neighbourhood of Vancouver, British Columbia. The arena was located at 1805 West Georgia Street at the northwest corner with Denman Street. It opened in December 1911 and was destroyed by fire in 1936. Its primary use was for ice sports such as ice hockey. It was the home ice rink of the Vancouver Millionaires professional ice hockey team, and was the location of 1915 Stanley Cup championships. The arena was also used for other sports, musical performances and public assemblies. It was an assembly point for Canadian servicemen during World War I. The 10,500-seat arena was the largest in Canada at the time, and introduced mechanically frozen or \"artificial\" ice to Canada. Construction In January 1911, Joe Patrick sold his Nelson, British Columbia lumber business for $440,000. The Patrick family moved to Victoria and the decision was made to\n\nTitle X: Miscellaneous is the last of ten titles which comprise the USA PATRIOT Act, a bill passed in the United States after the September 11, 2001 attacks. It contains 16 sections that do not fall under other titles in the act. Sec. 1001. Review of the Department of Justice. The Inspector General of the Department of Justice will appoint a single official who will handle all civil rights and civil liberties abuse claims. Contact information for the official will be made public through the internet, television, and radio. Sec. 1002. Sense of congress. Congress finds that all Americans condemn the attacks of September 11, 2001. Also, Sikh-Americans should not be discriminated against. Sec. 1003. Definition of 'electronic surveillance'. In FISA, one of the definitions of electronic surveillance is amended to read: \"Electronic surveillance is the acquisition by an electronic, mechanical, or other surveillance device of the contents of any\n\nQuestion: What is Denman Arena?", "output": "Denman Arena was an indoor arena located in the West End neighbourhood of Vancouver, British Columbia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Maidenhead Citadel Band (MCB) is a Salvation Army Band and part of the Maidenhead Corps of The Salvation Army. For over 120 years the band has consistently contributed to the worship and evangelical outreach promoted by the Maidenhead Corps in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead. Brief history The Band can trace its history back to 1886 when William Thomas, a young farmer from the Salisbury area moved to Maidenhead and became the first Bandmaster of Maidenhead Citadel Band. On 25 June 1892, 18 members of Maidenhead Band were arrested during an open-air meeting as they \"unlawfully obstructed the free passage of the Highway by standing together for the space of twenty minutes.\" Bandmaster William Thomas took responsibility for the Band's actions and was sentenced to several months manual labour in Reading Gaol. In more recent times the size of the Band has fluctuated but has experienced a revival\n\nNorbert Huber (born 3 September 1964) is an Italian former luger who competed from the early 1980s to the late 1990s. Huber was born in Bruneck, South Tyrol. Competing in four Winter Olympics, he won two medals in the men's doubles event with a silver in 1994 and a bronze in 1992. Huber also won ten medals at the FIL World Luge Championships in with two gold (Mixed team: 1989, Men's doubles: 1990), four silvers (Men's doubles: 1983, 1989, 1993; Mixed team: 1990), and four bronzes (Men's singles: 1999, Men's doubles: 1991, Mixed team: 1991, 1993). He also won fourteen medals in the FIL European Luge Championships with three gold (Men's doubles: 1992, 1994; Mixed team: 1994), five silvers (Men's singles: 1984, 1992; Men's doubles: 1988, 1990; Mixed team: 1998), and six bronzes (Men's singles: 1998, Men's doubles: 1984, 1986; Mixed team: 1988, 1990, 1992). Huber also won 26 World\n\nBack Track is a first-person shooter that was released for Windows PC in 1998 and for the Game Boy Advance in 2001. It is notable for being the first 3D shooter to be released on the Game Boy Advance (along with Doom). Story Domingoaniax, an evil alien, has built up a large invasion force on the dark side of the Moon. The player assumes the role of special agent Jim Track, who has to rescue the 110 kidnapped humans and defeat Domingoaniax's droid army. Game Boy Advance version Multiplayer BackTrack's multiplayer mode has six deathmatch arenas, each playable as a standard 20-point deathmatch or as a 4-point round-robin. Both modes support up to four players via a link cable. Reception Reception was mixed. Nintendo Power felt the game came close to a \"bull's-eye\". They enjoyed the smooth movement and scrolling. The best feature was its multiplier modes. Nintendo Power gave\n\nQuestion: Who is Norbert Huber", "output": "Norbert Huber is an Italian former luger who competed from the early 1980s to the late 1990s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bigfoot, also commonly referred to as Sasquatch, is a large and hairy human-like mythical creature purported to inhabit forests in North America, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. Enthusiasts of the subject have offered various forms of dubious evidence to prove Bigfoot's existence, including anecdotal claims of sightings, as well as alleged photographs, video and audio recordings, hair samples, and casts of large footprints. Most of this evidence has since been identified as hoaxes or misidentification. The majority of scientists do not find any of the remaining evidence compelling, and instead generally consider it to be the result of a combination of folklore, misidentification, and hoax, rather than a living animal. Folklorists trace the phenomenon of Bigfoot to a combination of factors and sources, including indigenous cultures, the European wild man figure, and folk tales. Wishful thinking, a cultural increase in environmental concerns, and overall societal awareness of the subject have\n\nSqueezing Out Sparks is the fourth studio album by English singer-songwriter Graham Parker and his band the Rumour. The album was released in March 1979. Although the Rumour were not credited on the cover, their name was included on the album label. Critically acclaimed, Squeezing Out Sparks was voted album of the year in The Village Voices year-end Pazz & Jop critics' poll and later ranked number 334 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. Background Whereas Parker's previous albums were notable for their strong soul influences, with many prominent tracks and singles including a horn section, on Squeezing Out Sparks producer Jack Nitzsche favoured a rawer sound. Coincidentally, popular punk band the Clash were undergoing a reverse process, trying to expand their musical arrangements. Therefore, the Rumour's rhythm and blues session players went on to record all the horn parts in the Clash's\n\nLavondyss also titled Lavondyss: Journey to an Unknown Region is a fantasy novel by British writer Robert Holdstock, the second book in his Mythago Wood series. Lavondyss was originally published in 1988. The name of the novel hints at the real and mythological locales of Avon, Lyonesse, Avalon and Dis; within the novel Lavondyss is the name of the remote, ice-age heart of Ryhope wood. Despite having a new primary character, Lavondyss is a sequel to Mythago Wood because several characters provide links between the novels; the events in Mythago Wood set into motion events that drive the protagonists' actions in Lavondyss. Lavondyss has won, or been nominated for, several fantasy literature awards. Plot introduction Tallis Keeton, the younger sister of Harry Keeton (from Mythago Wood), is the protagonist of the story. Lavondyss starts with Tallis's grandfather and his efforts to write down some of his encounters with the mythagos\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Squeezing Out Sparks is.", "output": "Squeezing Out Sparks is the fourth studio album by English singer-songwriter Graham Parker and his band the Rumour."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "This is a demographic article about Costa Rica's population, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. According to the United Nations, Costa Rica had an estimated population of people as of 2021. White and Mestizos make up 83.4% of the population, 7% are black people (including mixed race), 2.4% Amerindians, 0.2% Chinese and 7% other/none. In 2010, just under 3% of the population was of African descent. These are called Afro-Costa Ricans or West Indians and are English-speaking descendants of 19th-century black Jamaican immigrant workers. Another 1% is composed of those of Chinese origin, and less than 1% are West Asian, mainly of Lebanese descent but also Palestinians. The 2011 Census provided the following data: whites and mestizos make up 83.4% of the population, 7% are black people (including mixed race), 2.4% Amerindians, 0.2% Chinese, and 7%\n\nThe Randwick Guineas is an Australian Turf Club Group One Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds, run at set weights over a distance of 1600 metres at Randwick Racecourse in Sydney, Australia in March as a part of the Sydney Autumn Carnival. Total prize money for the race is A$1 million. History The winner of this race automatically qualifies for a berth in the Australian Derby and Doncaster Mile This race is the first leg of the Australian Three Year Old \"Triple Crown\" consisting of the Rosehill Guineas (2000 metres) and Australian Derby (2400 metres). Name This race replaced the former event Canterbury Guineas, which was discontinued after the 2005 running after the Australian Jockey Club and the Sydney Turf Club implemented major program changes streamlining the major races into the race calendar. As the Canterbury Guineas the race was originally run in the spring in early September but after 1978\n\nKocaali is a municipality and district of Sakarya Province, Turkey. Its area is 254 km2, and its population is 22,882 (2022). The mayor is Ahmet Acar (AKP). The main sources of income are hazelnuts, livestock and tourism. The town is near the Black Sea coast, and has a 14 km long and 500 meters wide, sandy beach. There are Ottoman era mines near the river Maden Deresi, a monastery in \u015eerbetp\u0131nar. The Melen river flows into the sea in the east of the district. One of the leading rafting areas in the Marmara region of Turkey, it is also very suitable for fishing. As a result of the Great Melen Project, water from the river Melen is directed to Istanbul to serve as drinking water. State road D.010 connects Kocaali with Karasu to the west and Ak\u00e7akoca to the east. Composition There are 36 neighbourhoods in Kocaali District: A\u00e7maba\u015f\u0131 A\u011falar\n\nQuestion: What's Kocaali?", "output": "Kocaali is a municipality and district of Sakarya Province, Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ak\u00e7ada\u011f () is a municipality and district of Malatya Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,118 km2, and its population is 27,872 (2022). The mayor is Ali Kazgan, and the kaymakam (district governor) is Adem Topaca. On 24 Jan 2020, the town was impacted by a magnitude 6.7 earthquake. Geography Ak\u00e7ada\u011f is at an altitude of 1,050 m (3,440 ft) above sea level and the district is considered mountainous. Composition There are 77 neighbourhoods in Ak\u00e7ada\u011f District: Aksaray Aks\u00fct Aktepe Ali\u00e7eri Alt\u0131nl\u0131 Ancar A\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u00f6r\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc Ayd\u0131nlar Ba\u011fk\u00f6y Bahri Ba\u015fp\u0131nar Bayramu\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Bekiru\u015fa\u011f\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fckl\u00fc B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7imi\u015f B\u00fcy\u00fckk\u00f6y \u00c7ak\u0131lp\u0131nar\u0131 \u00c7atalbah\u00e7e \u00c7evirme \u00c7obanu\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Dar\u0131ca Dedek\u00f6y Demirciler Develi Do\u011fanlar Do\u011fantepe Do\u011fu D\u00fcm\u00fckl\u00fc Durulova Dutlu E\u011fin Esenbey Esenli Fatih G\u00f6lp\u0131nar G\u00fcne\u015fli G\u00fcrkaynak Han\u00e7erli Hartut Harunu\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u0130kinciler Il\u0131cak Kad\u0131ibrahim Kahyal\u0131 Karama\u011fara Karap\u0131nar Kas\u0131mu\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Kayadibi Keklikp\u0131nar Keller Kepez Kolk\u00f6y K\u00f6mekavak Kotang\u00f6l\u00fc Kozluca K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckk\u00fcrne K\u00fclt\u00fcr Kurtu\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Levent Mezra Mihmanl\u0131 Muratl\u0131 \u00d6ren Ortak\u00f6y Resulu\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Sahilk\u00f6y Sakal\u0131uzun Sar\u0131hac\u0131 \u015eeyhler Ta\u015fevler Ta\u015folar Tataru\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Ya\u011fmurlu Yal\u0131nbudak\n\nThe Rana dynasty ( , ) were a Chhetri dynasty that imposed authoritarianism in the Kingdom of Nepal from 1846 until 1951, reducing the Shah monarch to a figurehead and making the Prime Minister and other government positions held by the Ranas hereditary. They are Kshatriya, whose ancestors were descended from the Ranas of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. The Rana dynasty is historically known for their iron-fisted rule. This changed after the Revolution of 1951 with the promulgation of a new constitution, when power shifted back to the monarchy of King Tribhuvan. The Rana dynasty were descended from the Kunwar family, a nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom. Due to their marital lineages with the politically reigning Thapa dynasty (of Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa) from the early 19th century, Ranas gained entry to central Darbar politics. The Ranas were also linked to a minor faction of the Pande dynasty of Gorkha through the\n\n\"I Started a Joke\" is a song by the Bee Gees from their 1968 album Idea, which was released as a single in December of that year. It was not released as a single in the United Kingdom, where buyers who could not afford the album had to content themselves with a Polydor version by Heath Hampstead. This is the last Bee Gees single to feature Vince Melouney's guitar work, as he left the band in early December after this song was released as a single. The song's B-side was \"Kilburn Towers\", except in France, where \"Swan Song\" was used. \"I Started a Joke\" was written by Robin mainly, with help from Barry and Maurice Gibb on the bridge. It was produced by the Bee Gees with Robert Stigwood. Composition and recording Songs for the Idea album were completed on 20 June. \"I Started A Joke\" was the last to\n\nQuestion: What's I Started a Joke?", "output": "\"I Started a Joke\" is a song by the Bee Gees from their 1968 album Idea, which was released as a single in December of that year."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., marketed simply as \"Hill's\", is an American pet food company that produces dog and cat foods. The company is a subsidiary of Colgate-Palmolive. History Hill's Pet Nutrition was founded in the spring of 1907 by Burton Hill and started operation as Hill Rendering Works. Hill Rendering Works provided rendering services to Shawnee County, Kansas, and had a contract with Topeka, Kansas, to dispose of dead and lame animals. Hill Rendering Works produced tallow, hides, tankage, meat scraps and farm animal feed including hogs and chicken feed. By the 1930s, the name had changed to Hill Packing Company, which included a milling division, Hill Milling company. At this time the company produced farm animal feed, dog food and horse meat for human consumption, processing 500 head of horse per week. The meat was shipped to markets in Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Netherlands. Much of the horse\n\nBernt Sverre Evensen (18 April 1905 \u2013 24 August 1979) was a Norwegian speed skater and racing cyclist who competed in skating at the 1928 and 1932 Winter Olympics. In 1928 he became the first Norwegian skater to win an Olympic gold medal by winning the 500 m event (first place shared with Clas Thunberg). At the same Olympics, he also won silver in the 1500 m and bronze over 5,000 m. He was in second place in the 10,000 m event, 0.1 seconds behind Irving Jaffee, when the competition was cancelled because the ice had started thawing. At the 1932 Olympics in Lake Placid, Evensen won a silver medal in the 500 m. Evensen and compatriot Ivar Ballangrud were the only European Olympic speed skating medalists during those games. This can mostly be attributed to the fact that the races were skated in pack-style (having all competitors skate at\n\nShar Pei fever (also called familial Shar Pei fever or FSF) is a condition seen in Shar Pei characterized by recurring fever and swelling of the hocks. It is similar to familial Mediterranean fever in humans. The cause is unknown, but it is thought to be inherited. Shar Pei fever can result in renal and liver failure through accumulation of amyloid in those organs (amyloidosis). Affected Shar Pei have an elevated level of interleukin 6, and this leads to an accumulation of acute phase proteins in the body during the fevers. The acute phase proteins are broken down to form type AA amyloid, which deposits in the kidneys and less so in the liver, spleen, and gastrointestinal tract. This eventually leads to kidney or liver failure by the age of six years. The symptoms of Shar Pei fever include fever, swelling, and pain in the hocks that usually resolves within\n\nQuestion: What is Shar Pei fever?", "output": "Shar Pei fever is a condition seen in Shar Pei characterized by recurring fever and swelling of the hocks."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Henry Birks (30 November 1840 \u2013 16 April 1928) was a Canadian businessman and founder of Henry Birks and Sons, a chain of high-end Canadian jewellery stores. He was born to English immigrants from Yorkshire, England. His parents moved to Canada in 1832. Son of John Birks, a pharmacist, and Ann Marie, he did his schooling in commercial studies at the High School of Montreal. In 1857, Birks was hired as a clerk at Savage and Lyman in Montreal, reputed to be the finest jeweller and watchmaker in the Province of Canada at that time. Although Birks eventually became a partner in the firm in 1868, the company's later financial difficulties encouraged Birks to leave in 1877. With an investment of C$3000, Birks opened his own small jewellery shop in 1879 on Saint James Street in the heart of Montreal's financial and commercial district. In 1893, Birks went into partnership\n\nJann Browne (born March 14, 1954) is an American country music singer. She moved to Southern California in 1978 where she performed in a number of Orange County country bars. From 1981 through 1983, before her solo career, she was a vocalist with the Western swing group Asleep at the Wheel. She has recorded four studio albums, and has charted three singles on the Hot Country Songs charts. Her highest single is the 1990s \"Tell Me Why\" at No. 18. She was named \"Female Entertainer of the Year\", and her song \"Louisville\" was named \"Song of the Year\", by the California Country Music Association. In 1990, she was nominated for Top New Female Vocalist at the Academy of Country Music Awards, along with Daniele Alexander and Mary Chapin Carpenter, but lost to Carpenter. Discography Albums Singles Notes: A \"Mexican Wind\" did not chart on Hot Country Songs, but peaked at\n\nThe All Belarusian People's Assembly (, ) is a general meeting of the Belarusian Government with industry leaders and other top officials from every sector of the government. History The first Assembly was held October 19\u201320, 1996, a few weeks before the controversial referendum which was used to legitimize the concentration of power in the hands of president Alexander Lukashenko. The second Assembly took place in May 2001, the third in March 2006, the fourth in 2010, the fifth in 2016, and the sixth in 2021. Criticism Members of the Belarusian opposition are actively criticizing the Assemblies for allegedly being propaganda events organized to demonstrate unanimous support to the country's authoritarian leader Alexander Lukashenko. Members of the opposition have regularly been denied access to the Assembly or prevented from speaking at it. In 2006, presidential candidate and former rector of the Belarusian State University, Alyaksandr Kazulin, was beaten and detained\n\nQuestion: Who is Jann Browne", "output": "Jann Browne is an American country music singer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Santa Rita do Araguaia is a municipality in southwestern Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. Location Santa Rita is located on the Araguaia River and is connected to the state capital, Goi\u00e2nia by highway BR-364. It is 91 kilometers west of regional center, Mineiros. The distance to state capital, Goi\u00e2nia is 516 km. Highway connections are made from Goi\u00e2nia by BR-060 / Abadia de Goi\u00e1s / Guap\u00f3 / Indiara / Acre\u00fana / Rio Verde / Jata\u00ed / GO-050 / BR-364 / Mineiros / BR-384. Sepin Municipal boundaries are with: north and west: Mato Grosso south and west: Mineiros History The origin of Santa Rita do Araguaia, located on the right bank of the Rio Araguaia, opposite the city of Alto Araguaia in Mato Grosso, was the Araguaia ranch, bought in 1854 by Jos\u00e9 Manoel Vilela. He reserved a large area for a settlement called Santa Rita dos Imposs\u00edveis. Later the name was changed\n\nGreg Strobel (August 17, 1952 \u2013 October 8, 2020) was an American wrestler, coach, and member of the National Wrestling Hall of Fame from Scappoose, Oregon. From 1995 to 2008, he was the head coach at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, one of the top collegiate wrestling programs in the country. Strobel won two NCAA titles and was a three-time All-American at Oregon State, finishing his college career with a 126-8-1 record before starting his coaching career. He was an assistant coach at Oregon State University, a head high school coach at Roseburg High School, a US Wrestling official and a private club coach before taking the head coaching job at Lehigh in 1995, where he held an endowed chair: the Lawrence White Head Coach of Wrestling. He led Lehigh to five consecutive EIWA championships and multiple Top-Ten NCAA championship finishes. He coached two national champions. He was inducted into\n\nMaewo (, in English as and formerly Aurora Island) is an island in Vanuatu in Penama province, 105 km to the east of Espiritu Santo. It is 47 km long, and 6 km wide, with an area of 269 km2. Its highest point is 795 m above sea level. In 2009 the island had a population of almost 3,600. Maewo is covered with dense vegetation: tropical forests in which banyan trees grow. Name The name Maewo is thought to have come from Mota or Raga as an attempt to transcribe the pronunciation . In the local languages it is spelled as N\u0304waewo . Other names for the island include Mwerlap N\u0304w\u0113w and Mwotlap Am\u0304ew (with the locative prefix a-). All of these terms are thought to have come from Proto-North-Central Vanuatu (and Proto-Torres\u2013Banks) *m\u02b7aewo. History First recorded sighting of Maewo Island by Europeans was by the Spanish expedition of Pedro\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Maewo is.", "output": "Maewo is an island in Vanuatu in Penama province, 105\u00a0km to the east of Espiritu Santo."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "John Bradley \"J.B.\" Holmes (born April 26, 1982) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. Early life Holmes, born in Campbellsville, Kentucky, began to play on the varsity golf team at Taylor County High School in Campbellsville when he was in the third grade. He suffered a mild form of dyslexia when in school. Holmes's childhood friend, Brandon Parsons, is his caddy. While in high school he played on the Pepsi Junior Golf Tour. He attended the University of Kentucky in Lexington, helping to achieve SEC Title while there, and represented the United States in the 2005 Walker Cup before turning professional later that year. Professional career Holmes was medalist at the 2005 PGA Tour Qualifying Tournament. He tied for tenth in his first PGA Tour start at the 2006 Sony Open in Hawaii and in February that year he won the FBR Open, making him\n\nThe Atari Jaguar is a home video game console developed by Atari Corporation and released in North America in November 1993. Part of the fifth generation of video game consoles, it competed with the 16-bit Sega Genesis, the Super NES and the 32-bit 3DO Interactive Multiplayer that launched the same year. Powered by two custom 32-bit Tom and in addition to a Motorola 68000, Atari marketed it as the world's first 64-bit game system, emphasizing its 64-bit bus used by the blitter. The Jaguar launched with Cybermorph as the pack-in game, which received divisive reviews. The system's library ultimately comprised only 50 licensed games. Development of the Atari Jaguar started in the early 1990s by Flare Technology, which focused on the system after cancellation of the Atari Panther console. The Jaguar was an important system for Atari after the company shifted its focus from computers - having ceased development of\n\nFestival Voix d\u2019Am\u00e9riques (FVA) was an annual festival in Montreal that was held from 2002 to 2011, which was dedicated to oral literature, text performance and spoken word. It was presented by Les Filles \u00e9lectriques. Held in early February, the FVA brought together some one hundred French- and English-language artists, shifting from La Sala Rossa (4848 St-Laurent) to the Casa del Popolo (4873 St-Laurent) and back again. In 2004, the recognized the merit and vitality of the FVA by making it a finalist for its 20th Grand Prix, in the literature section. 2005 Artists In 2005, the artists included: Chlo\u00e9 Sainte-Marie Tony Tremblay Les Abdigradationnistes Susie Arioli & Jordan Officer Charles Guilbert Pol Pelletier Lin Snelling Loco Locass Jacques Bertrand Patrice Desbiens Michel Garneau Stanley P\u00e9an H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Pedneault Fran\u00e7ois Patenaude (des Zapartistes) ATSA Ren\u00e9e Robitaille \u00c8ve Lamont Lillian Allen (Toronto) Motion in Poetry (Toronto) Sheri-D Wilson (Calgary) Kaie Kellough Norman\n\nQuestion: What is Atari Jaguar", "output": "The Atari Jaguar is a home video game console developed by Atari Corporation and  released in North America in November 1993."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Botswana national cricket team is the men's team that represents Botswana in international cricket. They have been an associate member of the International Cricket Council since 2005, after previously being an affiliate member since 2001 and an associate member in 2017. They are in Division Five of the World Cricket League and are ranked at joint 29th in the world by the International Cricket Council (ICC), the 5th-highest ranked non-test team in the African region. The team's coach is former Kenyan ODI player Joseph Angara, who was appointed in July 2015. History Cricket was started in the country by expatriates from South Africa and the Indian subcontinent. Botswana was elected to the ICC as an affiliate member in 2001, and played in the Africa Cup in Zambia the following year. After winning all their first-round matches against Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe, they beat Kenya in the semi-final before\n\nFashion House is an American nighttime soap opera that aired at 9:00PM Eastern/8:00PM Central Monday through Saturday on MyNetworkTV stations. The series premiered on September 5, 2006, and concluded on December 5, 2006. It was produced by Twentieth Television with directors David Hogan, Alex Hennech, Jim Slocum and Jeremy Stanford. Fashion House focused on greed, lust and ambition surrounding a corporate takeover of the business's hottest company. It starred Bo Derek as the ruthless head of the business and Morgan Fairchild as her long-time arch-rival. Fashion House is an adaptation in the original Cuban script \"Salir de Noche\" written by Euridice Charadian & Osvaldo Huerta and was sold to MyNetworkTV by InjausTV. As of 2021, the entire series can be seen on TubiTV. Production Fashion House aired for a 78-episode run. MyNetworkTV episode aired it Monday through Friday for 13 weeks, with a \"recap\" show on Saturdays airing at 9\n\nMax Brito (8 April 1968 \u2013 19 December 2022) was an Ivorian rugby union player on the Ivory Coast rugby team. As a result of injuries sustained at the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa, he was paralysed. As of 2007, he could only move his head, torso and an arm. Career Brito played as a winger, and spent his career playing for Biscarrosse Olympique in the F\u00e9d\u00e9rale 3 division of French rugby. An electrician by trade, he was noticeable on the field for his long dreadlocks as well as his brave play. Brito was called into the Ivory Coast national rugby union team for the 1995 Rugby World Cup. Brito came on as a substitute in the opening game against Scotland which the Ivory Coast lost by 89 points to nil, a result which led many to question the inclusion of \"minor\" teams in the tournament. He played\n\nQuestion: What is Fashion House?", "output": "Fashion House is an American nighttime soap opera that aired at 9:00PM Eastern/8:00PM Central Monday through Saturday on MyNetworkTV stations."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nathan Knox (born 13 July 1981 in Christchurch, New Zealand) is a former professional football player who played in the US for Minnesota, Seattle and Atlanta. Career College and Amateur Knox played college soccer for Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota while completing his degree, and spent his summers playing semi-professional football in his native New Zealand, for Rangers and Canterbury United in the New Zealand Football Championship. Professional Knox signed his first professional contract in 2006 with Minnesota Thunder of the USL First Division. In 2007, he moved to the Seattle Sounders in the same league before transferring to the Atlanta Silverbacks in the spring of 2008. On 8 August 2008, the Silverbacks traded Knox back to the Minnesota Thunder in exchange for Aaron Paye. Honors Seattle Sounders USL First Division Commissioner's Cup: 2007 References External links Minnesota Thunder bio 1981 births Living people New Zealand men's association footballers\n\nVihren ( ) is the highest peak of Bulgaria's Pirin Mountains. Reaching , it is Bulgaria's second and the Balkans' third highest, after Musala and Mount Olympus. Although due to the karst topography Vihren is deprived of lakes and streams, a number of Pirin's lakes are located around the peak, as is Europe's southernmost glacial mass, the Snezhnika glacieret. Until 1942 Vihren was known as Eltepe (peak of storms); it was also called Buren (stormy) and Malnienosets (lightning-bringer). The UNESCO World Heritage Site Pirin National Park was originally known as the Vihren National Park. Vihren is included in the 100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria under No. 2. Geography Vihren is situated in the northern subdivision of Pirin on the mountain's main ridge between the summits of Kutelo (2,908 m) to the north-west and Hvoynati Vrah (2,635 m) to the south-east. It is connected with these two peaks via the saddles\n\nEternal Ring is a first-person action role-playing game developed by FromSoftware and published in North America by Agetec. Released in 2000, it was a launch title for the PlayStation 2 both in Japan and North America. The game was made available via emulation for the PlayStation 4 in North America on May 23, 2017. Gameplay The player controls Cain Morgan, a young magician who is sent to investigate the Island of No Return, where a legendary artifact called the Eternal Ring is presumed to be held. The island is home to a large number of mythical creatures, including dragons, lizard men, and gargoyles, and is the location of magical gems and rings, including the Eternal Ring. The game is played in a First person view. A unique feature of the game is the use of magic rings, imbuing these magic rings with a combination of different gems creates rings that\n\nQuestion: What's Vihren?", "output": "Vihren is the highest peak of Bulgaria's Pirin Mountains."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "John Helm Pratt (November 17, 1910 \u2013 August 11, 1995) was an American lawyer and judge. Born in New Hampshire, Pratt spent most of his life in the Washington, D.C. area, where he practiced law for 34 years before being appointed as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia in 1968 by President Lyndon B. Johnson. As a federal judge, Pratt presided over a number of significant cases, including the Watergate trial of G. Gordon Liddy and civil rights cases involving school desegregation and discrimination based on sexual orientation. Early life and education Pratt was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on November 17, 1910, to Harold B. and Marguerite R. Pratt. At age nine, he and his family moved to the Washington, D.C. area, after his father, a United States Marine Corps officer, was stationed in the area. Pratt and his\n\nGen Art is an arts and entertainment organization that showcases emerging fashion designers, filmmakers, musicians and visual artists. It has produced over 100 events annually, which included fashion shows, film premieres and screenings, live music and art receptions and tours. Gen Art's offices are located in New York City and Los Angeles and since 2014, the company has been headed up by Keri Ingvarsson and a small team of private investors. Previous offices have included San Francisco, Miami and Chicago. On February 21, 2011, Gen Art announced it would return with the 16th Annual Gen Art Film Festival in New York City. Gen Art has since then announced its \"Fresh Faces in Fashion Show\" during New York Fashion Week 2011, which will feature the designers Ann Yee, ace & jig, Sunghee Bang, Eighteenth, Jennifer Chun, William Okopo, Baron Wells, Collina Strada, Falconiere, Osborn, and Wool and the Gang. History Gen\n\nKottarathil Sankunni (born Vasudevan, 1855\u20131937) was an Indian writer of Malayalam literature. Best known as the author of Aithihyamala, an eight-volume compilation of century-old legends about Kerala, Sankunni's writings cover prose and poetry, including verses for Kathakali and Ottan Thullal. He was one of the founding members of Bhashaposhini Sabha founded by Kandathil Varghese Mappillai and was also involved with Bharata Vilasam Sabha, another literary initiative. He died on July 22, 1937. Biography Kottarathil Sankunni was born on March 23, 1855, at Kodimatha, in Kottayam district of the south Indian state of Kerala (erstwhile Travancore) to Vasudevan Unni-Nangayya couple. The boy, whose name at birth was Vasudevan but was called Thanku, Sanku and later Sankunni, did his early schooling under the tutelage of a local teacher and later, studied Sanskrit under Manarkattu Sanku Warrier and traditional medicine under Vayskara Aryan Narayanan Mooss. He joined Malayala Manorama in 1890 as the\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Kottarathil Sankunni.", "output": "Kottarathil Sankunni was an Indian writer of Malayalam literature."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mohamed Fouad Abd El Hamid Hassan (; born December 20, 1961) is an Egyptian singer, actor and songwriter. He filmed his first television series \"Agla Min Hayaty\" in 2010, and hosted the television show \"Khush Ala Fo\u2019sh\" in 2014. Filmography Ghawy Hob Howa Fi Eih? Rehlet Hob Esmailia Raieh Gai Youm Har Gedan Esharet Moror America Shika Bika El Qalb We Ma Yashak Aghla men Hayaty Discography Fel Sekka (1985) Khefet Dammo (1986) Hawed (1987) Yani (1988) Es'aly (1990) Mesheena (1992) Habina (1993) Nehlam (1994) Hayran (1996) Kamanana (1997) El-Hob El-Haqiqy (1998) Albi We Rouhi We Omri (1999) El-Alb El-Tayeb (2000) Keber El-Gharam (2001) Rehlet Hob (2001) Shareeny (2003) Habibi Ya (2005) Ghawy Hob (2006) Wala Nos Kelma (2007) Been Edeak (2010) Ghaly (2010) Besohola Keda (2010) Ben Edeik (2010) Ebn Balad (2010) Bashabeh 3alek (2011) Tameny 3alek (2011) References 1961 births Living people Singers from Cairo Egyptian singer-songwriters Egyptian\n\nFuldera is a village in the Val M\u00fcstair municipality in the district of Inn in the Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden. In 2009 Fuldera merged with L\u00fc, M\u00fcstair, Santa Maria Val M\u00fcstair, Tschierv and Valchava to form the municipality of Val M\u00fcstair. History Fuldera is first mentioned in 1322 as Faldiera. Geography Fuldera had an area, , of . Of this area, 24.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 37.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.4% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (36.4%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). The village is located in the Val M\u00fcstair sub-district (now Val M\u00fcstair municipality) of the Inn district. It is located on the right side of the Rombach. It consists of the larger Fuldera-Dora and the smaller Fuldera-Daint. Demographics Fuldera had a population () of 121, of which 6.6% are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the\n\nPyrylium is a cation (positive ion) with formula , consisting of a six-membered ring of five carbon atoms, each with one hydrogen atom, and one positively charged oxygen atom. The bonds in the ring are conjugated as in benzene, giving it an aromatic character. In particular, because of the positive charge, the oxygen atom is trivalent. Pyrilium is a mono-cyclic and heterocyclic compound, one of the oxonium ions. Salts Pyrylium and its derivatives form stable salts with a variety of anions. Derivatives Many important cations are formally derived from pyrylium by substitution of various functional groups for some or all the hydrogens in the ring. The 2,4,6-triphenylpyrilium, referred to as the Katritzky salt, (after Alan R. Katritzky) is an important example used in many modern examples of metal catalyzed cross-couplings. Chemical properties Like other oxonium ions, pyrylium is unstable in neutral water. However, pyrylium is much less reactive than ordinary\n\nQuestion: Who is Mohamed Fouad?", "output": "Mohamed Fouad Abd El Hamid Hassan is an Egyptian singer, actor and songwriter."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jon Ola Hauger Norbom (15 December 1923 \u2013 12 April 2020) was a Norwegian economist and Liberal Party politician. During World War II, in 1942, Norbom was imprisoned for a brief time at Grini concentration camp. Then, in November 1943, he was among the students who were arrested by the German occupying forces in Norway as part of a general imprisonment of all male, non-NS students at the University of Oslo. He was imprisoned in the German concentration camp Buchenwald. From 1950 to 1952 he was the leader of the Young Liberals of Norway, the youth wing of the Liberal Party. He was State Secretary in the Ministry of Finance from 1967 to 1969, during the cabinet Borten, and became Minister of the Finance in 1972\u20131973 during the cabinet Korvald. Norbom never held elected political office. He graduated as cand.oecon. from the University of Oslo in 1949, and studied international\n\nDivisional detective inspector (DDI), also known as first class detective inspector, was a rank in the Criminal Investigation Department of London's Metropolitan Police, equivalent to sub-divisional inspector in the uniformed branch. It was senior to the rank of detective inspector (officially called second class detective inspector) and junior to the rank of detective chief inspector. The DDI was in charge of the CID in each police division. He was usually assisted by one or two detective inspectors, a first class detective sergeant, and a number of detective sergeants and detective constables. He was largely autonomous on his \"patch\", answering only to the divisional superintendent and only calling in support from Scotland Yard for very serious crimes such as murder. DDI was an important stepping stone in a detective's career, with many top detectives getting their best experience when they were DDIs. The rank was discontinued in 1949, when it was\n\nRyan Young (born June 28, 1976) is a former American football offensive tackle in the National Football League for the New York Jets, Houston Texans and Dallas Cowboys. He played college football at Kansas State University. Early years Young (nicknamed Big Marker), graduated from Parkway Central High School in Chesterfield, Missouri, in 1994. He played as a two-way tackle, receiving All-state and All-conference (twice) honors. He was a teammate of future NFL player Isaac Byrd. He practiced basketball and participated in the school's choir. He accepted a football scholarship from Kansas State University, where he was named the starter at left tackle as a sophomore. He received All-Big 12 honors as a senior. He played in the Cotton, Fiesta and Alamo Bowls. Professional career New York Jets Young was selected by the New York Jets in the seventh round (223rd overall) of the 1999 NFL Draft. He started the last\n\nQuestion: Who is Ryan Young", "output": "Ryan Young is a former American football offensive tackle in the National Football League for the New York Jets, Houston Texans and Dallas Cowboys."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hayden Andrew Penn (born October 13, 1984) is an American former professional baseball player. He played as a right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) and in the Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). Career Baltimore Orioles Born in Santee, California, Penn was drafted by the Baltimore Orioles in the 5th round of the 2002 Major League Baseball Draft. He made his MLB debut in , when he made eight starts with the Orioles, compiling a 3\u20132 record with a 6.34 ERA. At the time of his callup Penn was the youngest player in the Major Leagues (20 yrs, 7 months). In May , he suffered appendicitis after being called up by the Orioles and missed several months while recovering from it. He went 7\u20134 with an ERA of 2.26 through 14 starts for the Class AAA Ottawa Lynx in 2006 and was called up to Baltimore again when the major league\n\nis a maze video game developed by Hudson Soft for the Xbox 360 in 2006 and published by Hudson Soft in Japan and Konami worldwide. It is noteworthy for its departure from standard titles in the Bomberman series; it features more realistic graphics and a dark, dystopian future setting. The game was panned by critics and fans, and is considered one of the worst video games ever made. Gameplay Players, as Bombermen, must destroy each other to fight their way to the surface of the Earth and escape. Players can customize their character including their gender. The game is viewed from an overhead perspective, like other Bomberman titles. The levels have a number of pillars throughout that require players' characters to navigate down hallways; there are sometimes obstacles in these paths that can only be destroyed by bombs. The bombs are also necessary to defeat opponents. An alternate mode called\n\nArthur Duncan Gardner, FRCP, FRCS (28 March 1884 \u2013 28 January 1977) was a British physician and scientist known for his contributions to the development of penicillin and his role as the Regius Professor of Medicine at the University of Oxford from 1948 to 1954. Early life and education Gardner was born on 28 March 1884. He received his education at Rugby School before enrolling at University College, University of Oxford, initially to study Law. However, after completing his degree, he chose to pursue a career in Medicine, diverging from his family's law practice. In 1911, he qualified as a physician and obtained the FRCS (Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons) qualification. Gardner then focused on pathology and began publishing scientific papers. During World War I, he briefly served as a Red Cross surgeon. In 1915, he joined the Standards Council in Oxford as a bacteriologist and became a\n\nQuestion: Who is Hayden Penn", "output": "Hayden Andrew Penn is an American former professional baseball player."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wakes Cove Provincial Park is a provincial park in the northeast corner of Valdes Island, located in the Gulf Islands in British Columbia, Canada. The park is only accessible by boat, and can be found on Marine Chart #3475 for further navigation details. History The park was created in June 2002. The park is named for British retired naval Captain Baldwin Wake who purchased land in the area in 1876. The land continued to be owned by his descendants until the 1920s. Captain Wake went missing while sailing his sloop. Remains of his boat and belongings washed up on Thetis Island, but his body was never recovered. Leisure use Currently the park has no facilities for overnight camping, and its intended use, as stated by BC parks, is picnicking and hiking, with a view towards the development of expanded facilities in the future. The BC government has created a purpose\n\nKim van Kooten (born 26 January 1974 in Purmerend, North Holland) is a Dutch actress and screenwriter. In international cinema, she is best known for the 2003 Dutch/US co-production Phileine Says Sorry, filmed partly in New York City, in which she plays the lead. She is the author of the script of the very successful Dutch movie Alles is Liefde (Everything is Love), and won a Golden Calf for Best Actress in Phileine Says Sorry (2003), and for Best Scenario with Met grote blijdschap (2001). Life and work Van Kooten grew up in Zuidoostbeemster. She is the daughter of Kees van Kooten and Barbara Kits. Her brother is the actor and singer Kasper van Kooten. She studied screenwriting at the Film Academy in Holland, but dropped out in the first year. After a chance meeting with director Robert Jan Westdijk, van Kooten made her acting debut in the film Zusje\n\nThe Villa Medici () is a Mannerist villa and an architectural complex with a garden contiguous with the larger Borghese gardens, on the Pincian Hill next to Trinit\u00e0 dei Monti in Rome, Italy. The Villa Medici, founded by Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and now property of the French State, has housed the French Academy in Rome since 1803. A musical evocation of its garden fountains features in Ottorino Respighi's Fountains of Rome. History In ancient times, the site of the Villa Medici was part of the gardens of Lucullus, which passed into the hands of the Imperial family with Messalina, who was murdered in the villa. In 1564, when the nephews of Cardinal Giovanni Ricci of Montepulciano acquired the property, it had long been abandoned to viticulture. The sole dwelling was the Casina of Cardinale Marcello Crescenzi, who had maintained a vineyard here and had begun\n\nQuestion: Who was Kim van Kooten?", "output": "Kim van Kooten is a Dutch actress and screenwriter."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Las Lomitas Elementary School District is a public school district in the San Francisco Bay Area, primarily serving parts of the communities of Menlo Park, Atherton and Ladera, with its headquarters in Menlo Park. Under the current arrangement, all students in the district attend Las Lomitas Elementary School starting before Kindergarten through 3rd grade, and attend La Entrada Middle School for 4th through 8th grade. Students from this school district who continue on with public schooling matriculate to the Sequoia Union High School District, most attending Menlo-Atherton High School, though some students opt to attend Woodside High School, which is closer to home for some students. Several LLESD schools have won the prestigious Blue Ribbon Award. The district also owns the former La Loma School campus adjacent to La Entrada, currently rented to Phillips Brooks Academy, and the former Ladera School campus, currently rented to Woodland School, both private\n\nIn anatomy, the Curve of Spee (also called von Spee's curve or Spee's curvature) is defined as the curvature of the mandibular occlusal plane beginning at the canine and following the buccal cusps of the posterior teeth, continuing to the terminal molar. According to another definition the curve of Spee is an anatomic curvature of the occlusal alignment of the teeth, beginning at the tip of the lower incisor, following the buccal cusps of the natural premolars, and molars and continuing to the anterior border of the ramus. It is named for the German embryologist Ferdinand Graf von Spee (1855\u20131937), who was first to describe the anatomic relations of human teeth in the sagittal plane. Details The pull of the main muscle of mastication, the masseter, is at a perpendicular angle with the curve of Spee to adapt for favorable loading of force on the teeth. The long axis of\n\nThe American Airlines Theatre, originally the Selwyn Theatre, is a Broadway theater at 227 West 42nd Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. Built in 1918, it was designed by George Keister and developed by brothers Edgar and Archibald Selwyn, for whom the theater was originally named. The theater is owned by the city and state governments of New York and leased to New 42nd Street. It has 740 seats across two levels and is operated by Roundabout Theatre Company. Since 2000, the theater has been named for American Airlines (AA), which bought the theater's naming rights. The Selwyn Theatre was designed in the Italian Renaissance style, with a brick-and-terracotta facade. The auditorium, which is on 43rd Street, had been accessed from the six-story Selwyn Building on 42nd Street, which collapsed at the end of 1997. The modern theater is accessed through the ten-story New\n\nQuestion: Tell me what American Airlines Theatre is.", "output": "The American Airlines Theatre, originally the Selwyn Theatre, is a Broadway theater at 227 West 42nd Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Fire from Heaven is a 1969 historical novel by Mary Renault about the childhood and youth of Alexander the Great. It reportedly was a major inspiration for the Oliver Stone film Alexander. The book was nominated for the \u201cLost Man Booker Prize\u201d of 1970, \"a contest delayed by 40 years because a reshuffling of the fledgeling competition\u2019s rules\", but lost out to Troubles by J. G. Farrell. Plot summary Concise Summary Fire from Heaven begins with Alexander as a young child in the court of his father, Philip of Macedon, and closes with the immediate aftermath of his father's assassination at Aegae, the event which led Alexander to assume power. The novel deals with the relationship between Philip and Queen Olympias and Alexander's changing loyalties to them, Alexander's tuition under Aristotle, Alexander's sexuality and relationship with his friend and future General Hephaistion, and Alexander's growing prowess as a soldier during\n\nIsidoor Bert Hans \"Ido\" Abram (1940, Batavia, Dutch East Indies \u2013 14 January 2019), was a Dutch educator and writer on the nature of Jewishness. Early life As a small child during World War II Abram was an internee in Japanese camps. After liberation his family returned to the Netherlands. Abram studied mathematics and philosophy at the University of Amsterdam. He was professor of pedagogy (theory of teaching) at that institute and published on topics regarding Jewish culture and identity, multicultural education and \"Education after Auschwitz\". He had been the first European professor for \"Holocaust Education\" since 1990. He developed a model known as the \u2018five-slice pie chart\u2019 to illustrate the different ways of being Jewish. He said there are five aspects that in some way affect the life of every Jew. These are \"religion and tradition\", \"the tie with Israel and Zionism\", '\"war persecution and survival\", \"personal history\" and\n\nThe Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters were a Canadian junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) from 1940 to 1942, and 1947 to 1960. The team was often known as the \"Biltmores\" and sponsored by the Guelph Biltmore Hat Company, and played home games at the Guelph Memorial Gardens. History The Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters were a brief note in junior hockey history, but left an impression on the game during 13 years of operation. The team that was sponsored by a local manufacturer in the Royal City would capture a national championship, several provincial titles, and send four men on to the Hockey Hall of Fame. The team was founded as the Guelph Indians for the 1936-37 season. After four seasons, the Guelph Biltmore Hat Company became the team's sponsors. After two more seasons of play, the team was put on hiatus for World War II. The\n\nQuestion: What is Fire from Heaven?", "output": "Fire from Heaven is a 1969 historical novel by Mary Renault about the childhood and youth of Alexander the Great."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Albert Finch (16 May 1926 \u2013 23 January 2003) was a British boxer from Croydon in South London, who was active from 1945 to 1958. He fought as both a middleweight and light-heavyweight, becoming British middleweight champion in 1950. He was one of seven children and learnt to box at the age of eight. He had a successful amateur career, winning 63 out of 68 contests. Professional career He had his first professional fight on 14 August 1945 at the Queensbury Club, Soho, London. He fought a draw over six rounds against Eddie Starrs. He continued to build up a successful domestic record with the odd defeat. In October 1948 he beat Mark Hart for the Southern Area middleweight title, winning on points over 12 rounds. In April 1948, he fought the promising young middleweight, Randolph Turpin, at the Royal Albert Hall, and inflicted Turpin's first defeat, winning on points\n\nPruntytown Correctional Center (PCC) is a state prison for West Virginia, located at Pruntytown near Grafton, West Virginia, USA. The premises were previously used for a juvenile detention center known as the West Virginia Industrial Home for Boys, which closed in 1983. Juvenile prisoners were then transferred to the West Virginia Industrial Home for Youth at Industrial near Salem. PCC was opened in 1985 on those grounds. The initial intake consisted of minimum custody adult male inmates whose primary work function was to renovate the facility Women prisoners In November 1988 thirty-two state adult female prisoners, were moved to PCC from their previous accommodation within the federal prison system in Alderson Federal Prison Camp at Alderson, West Virginia, making PCC the State of West Virginia's first adult mixed-sex prison. In January 2007 all female prisoners at PCC were transferred to Lakin Correctional Center, a multi-security female correctional facility located near\n\nWalter Schlesinger (April 28, 1908, Glauchau \u2013 June 10, 1984, Weimar-Wolfshausen, near Marburg) was a German historian of medieval social and economic institutions, particularly in the context of German regional history (\"Landesgeschichte\"). Schlesinger is widely recognized as one of the most influential and prolific scholars of medieval social history in the post-war period. Education and career Schlesinger received his doctorate at the University of Leipzig under Rudolf K\u00f6tzschke in 1935 and completed his second post-graduate thesis (Habilitation) under the renowned medieval historian Hermann Heimpel in 1940. Following service in the Wehrmacht and after recovering from serious injuries received during the war, Schlesinger briefly taught at the University of Leipzig, but was made to resign in 1945 due to his membership of the Nazi Party. After working for several years as an independent scholar, he was rehabilitated and taught in several West German universities, including Berlin and Frankfurt (Main). In 1964,\n\nQuestion: What is Walter Schlesinger?", "output": "Walter Schlesinger was a German historian of medieval social and economic institutions, particularly in the context of German regional history."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "George Lippard (April 10, 1822February 9, 1854) was a 19th-century American novelist, journalist, playwright, social activist, and labor organizer. He was a popular author in antebellum America. A friend of Edgar Allan Poe, Lippard advocated a socialist political philosophy and sought justice for the working class in his writings. He founded a secret benevolent society, Brotherhood of the Union, investing in it all the trappings of a religion; the society, a precursor to labor organizations, survived until 1994. He authored two principal kinds of stories: Gothic tales about the immorality, horror, vice, and debauchery of large cities, such as The Monks of Monk Hall (1844), reprinted as The Quaker City (1844); and historical fiction of a type called romances, such as Blanche of Brandywine (1846), Legends of Mexico (1847), and the popular Legends of the Revolution (1847). Both kinds of stories, sensational and immensely popular when written, are mostly forgotten\n\nBlake Caracella (born 15 March 1977) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League (AFL). He is currently serving as an assistant coach with the Essendon Football Club. He is the brother of Craig Caracella. AFL career Essendon Selected by Essendon in the 1994 National draft at pick 10, Caracella finally debuted with the Bombers in 1997. What had held him back was his lack of bulk\u2014he came to the club weighing only 74 kg\u2014however, he rectified this by pushing his playing weight up to 83 kg prior to his AFL debut. Caracella quickly established himself in the side as a skilful small forward/goalsneak, who had patience and poise. He earned himself an AFL Rising Star nomination for his work. He was a vital part of Essendon's premiership win in 2000, contributing 35 goals for the season. Caracella was a late inclusion to represent Australia\n\nThe Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence Research (, IDSIA) is a research institution based in Lugano, in Canton Ticino in southern Switzerland. It was founded in 1988 by Angelo Dalle Molle through the private Fondation Dalle Molle. In 2000 it became a public research institute, affiliated with the Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera italiana and SUPSI in Ticino, Switzerland. In 1997 it was listed among the top ten artificial intelligence laboratories, and among the top four in the field of biologically-inspired AI. In 2007 a robotics lab with focus on intelligent and learning robots, especially in the fields of swarm and humanoid robotics, was established. Between 2009 and 2012, artificial neural networks developed at the institute won eight international competitions in pattern recognition and machine learning. IDSIA is one of four Swiss research organisations founded by the Dalle Molle foundation, of which three are in the field of artificial intelligence. See\n\nQuestion: Who is Blake Caracella", "output": "Blake Caracella is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mi\u0137elis Valters (born May 7, 1874, April 24 O.S., died March 25, 1968) was the first Latvian Minister of the Interior (1918\u20141919), member of the New Current intellectual movement, lawyer, politician, diplomat, social activist, and one of the authors of the Latvian Constitution. He was the first social activist who publicly advocated for a sovereign Latvian state. In the 1903 journal \"Prolet\u0101rietis\" (The Proletarian) he wrote the article \"Patvald\u012bbu nost! Krieviju nost!\" (Off with the Monarchy! Off with Russia!) Recipient of the Order of the Three Stars Commander Grand Cross (1st class). Early life and education Valters was born May 7, 1874, in Liep\u0101ja into the family of dockworker P\u0113teris Valters and wife Zane. He received his basic education at Liep\u0101ja's Church of St. Anne elementary school, subsequently at the Liep\u0101ja City School, while working as a typesetter's apprentice. In 1889 he began working at the Jaunliep\u0101ja railroad workshops, and\n\nAvdy Andresson (15 November 1899 in Viluvere, Estonia \u2013 27 August 1990 in Deerfield, New Jersey, United States) was the Estonian Minister of War in exile from April 3, 1973, until two months before his death on June 20, 1990, and disputed from 14 October 1975. Life Born and raised in Estonia, which was then part of the Russian Empire, Andresson served in the Czarist Cavalry during World War I. During the Estonian War of Independence against Bolshevist Russia from 1918 until 1920 Andresson served in the 1st Cavalry Regiment of the Estonian Army and from 1920 to 1940 in the Cavalry Regiment and the Ministry of War's Horse Breeding Station as a non-commissioned officer and a veterinarian. During the Soviet invasion and occupation of Estonia in 1940, during World War II, Andresson served in Wehrmacht Cavalry division from 1940 until 1945. Following Germany's defeat Andresson fled to the United\n\nRonald Wallace (1911\u20132006) was a theologian and Professor of Biblical Theology at Columbia Theological Seminary. He was also a member of the Torrance family of theologians. Career overview Brora, Minister without Charge 1940 Minister, Pollock Church, Glasgow Church of Scotland's Huts and Canteens 1951 Minister, St Kentigern's Church, Lanark 1958 Minister, Lothian Road Church, Edinburgh 1964 Professor of Biblical Theology at Columbia Theological Seminary, Decatur, Georgia 1977 Near East School of Theology, Beirut Education His secondary education took place at the Royal High School. At sixteen he matriculated at the University of Edinburgh and studied a degree in civil engineering. He proceeded to the Faculty of Arts. Studies in Divinity followed; he was a pupil of H.R. Mackintosh and William Manson. While Minister of St Kentigern's in Lanark he gained his PhD on Calvin's Doctrine of the Word and Sacraments. Family and theological connections In July 1937 he married Mary\n\nQuestion: What's Avdy Andresson?", "output": "Avdy Andresson was the Estonian Minister of War in exile from April 3, 1973, until two months before his death on June 20, 1990, and disputed   from 14 October 1975."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lee Harold Carmichael (born September 22, 1949) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for thirteen seasons with the Philadelphia Eagles (1971\u20131983) and one season for the Dallas Cowboys (1984). Carmichael was the Director of Player Development and Alumni for the Eagles from 1998 to 2014, and a Fan Engagement Liaison from 2014 to 2015, before retiring again in 2015. Early years Carmichael attended William M. Raines High School in Jacksonville, Florida, where he played the trombone in the school's band. He began playing quarterback on the football team. He walked-on at Southern University and became a tri-sport athlete. He used his 6'8\" height to play on the basketball team as a center, and threw the javelin and discus for the track and field team. In football, he shifted to playing wide receiver, where he was a four-year starter,\n\nProject Genesis was a plan by the Toyota Motor Sales USA to attract more youthful buyers to the company's products. Widely considered by the media to be one of Toyota's worst flops, the experiment provided the foundation for Toyota's Scion marque. The endeavors of this approach were also used in the home market of Japan. The Japanese market efforts were the result of several Japanese companies contributing products or services under the WiLL brandname, and Toyota's contribution was three vehicles offered at restructured Toyota Japanese sales channels from Toyota Vista Store to Toyota Netz Store. Launched in 1999, Project Genesis was a task force formed by Yoshimi Inaba, president of Toyota Motor Sales USA and James Press, COO of TMS. They intended to take three new products which were about to be introduced and sell them as a \"marque within a marque\" through Toyota's United States and Japanese dealer network.\n\nThe Alcibiades Stakes is an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually in early October at Keeneland Race Course in Lexington, Kentucky. A Grade I race, it is open to two-year-old fillies willing to race one and one-sixteenth miles on the dirt. Sponsored by Darley Racing since 2003, the Alcibiades Stakes was named for Hal Price Headley's great foundation mare Alcibiades. The race is currently part of the Breeders' Cup Challenge series. The winner will automatically qualify for the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies. The race obtained Graded stakes race status in 1973 and was a Grade III race through 1975, a Grade II from 1976 through 2006 and elevated in 2007 to Grade I status with a current purse of $500,000. Inaugurated in 1952 as a seven furlong race, from 1956 through 1980 it was run at seven furlongs, 184 feet. In 1981 it was changed to its present distances of\n\nQuestion: Who is Harold Carmichael?", "output": "Lee Harold Carmichael is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League for thirteen seasons with the Philadelphia Eagles and one season for the Dallas Cowboys."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Trestle Glen is a neighborhood in Oakland, California. It is located east of Lakeshore Avenue, a shopping street which it shares with the Grand Lake District. It lies at an elevation of 144 feet (44 m). The streets are laid out in the curvilinear pattern of early 20th century garden suburbs. Many of the houses are nestled in the surrounding hills, and were built shortly before The Great Depression. The neighborhood is named after a railroad trestle built in 1893, which was dismantled in 1906 when the line was rerouted. The railroad line ran along Trestle Glen Creek, which was named Indian Gulch by early settlers after the Huchiun village that was located near the present-day intersection of Lakeshore Avenue and Trestle Glen Road. (The creek is now mostly underground.) The streetcar was instrumental in spurring the development of residential neighborhoods in the area. It is often written that Mark\n\nBlazing Saddles is a 1974 American satirical postmodernist Western black comedy film directed by Mel Brooks, who co-wrote the screenplay with Andrew Bergman, Richard Pryor, Norman Steinberg and Alan Uger, based on a story treatment by Bergman. The film stars Cleavon Little and Gene Wilder. The film received generally positive reviews from critics and audiences, was nominated for three Academy Awards and is ranked number six on the American Film Institute's 100 Years...100 Laughs list. Brooks appears in three supporting roles: Governor William J. Le Petomane, a Yiddish-speaking Native American chief and the \"aviator/director\" in line to help invade Rock Ridge (a nod to Howard Hughes); he also dubs lines for one of Lili Von Shtupp's backing troupe and a cranky moviegoer. The supporting cast includes Slim Pickens, Alex Karras and David Huddleston, as well as Brooks regulars Dom DeLuise, Madeline Kahn and Harvey Korman. Bandleader Count Basie has a\n\nKumar Rupesinghe (1943 \u2013 20 February 2022) was a Sri Lankan academic and activist involved in social issues, particularly human rights, development issues, processes of globalisation, conflict prevention/resolution, and conflict transformation in the light of peacekeeping and peacebuilding for a harmonious coexistence among all peoples in the world. He was a secretary general of International Alert and an advisor to the Reconciliation programme of the Triple R. Rupesinghe had experience in mediation and conflict resolution work. Biography Rupesinghe was born in the British Raj in 1943. He obtained his first degree from the London School of Economics and his Ph.D. from the City University London. He contributed towards building new organizations and networks on human rights and peace. At sixteen he went to London to study philosophy for eight years. His guide and mentor in those formative years was the Hungarian philosopher Alfred Reynolds (Reinhold Alfr\u00e9), whose insightful and enlightening\n\nQuestion: What's Blazing Saddles?", "output": "Blazing Saddles is a 1974 American satirical postmodernist Western black comedy film directed by Mel Brooks, who co-wrote the screenplay with Andrew Bergman, Richard Pryor, Norman Steinberg and Alan Uger, based on a story treatment by Bergman."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rialma is a municipality in north-central Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. Location and geography Rialma is located across the Rio das Almas from Ceres on the important interstate highway BR-153, which links An\u00e1polis to Bel\u00e9m. It was created as part of the urban area of Ceres, which was also created as the Col\u00f4nia Nacional Agr\u00edcola de Goi\u00e1s. It is part of the Ceres Microregion. The distance to Goi\u00e2nia is 182 km. Highway connections are made by GO-080 / Ner\u00f3polis / S\u00e3o Francisco de Goi\u00e1s / BR-153 / Jaragu\u00e1 / Rian\u00e1polis. Rialma is 19 km north of Rian\u00e1polis. The municipality has boundaries with Nova Gl\u00f3ria in the north; Santa Isabel, Goi\u00e1s in the east; Rian\u00e1polis and Uruana in the south; Carmo do Rio Verde in the southeast; and Ceres in the west. The climate is moist tropical. The most important river is the Rio das Almas, which has its source near Cocalzinho de\n\nDry Creek is a mostly industrial suburb north of Adelaide, containing significant wetlands. A substantial area was devoted to salt crystallisation pans until 2014, with plans to redevelop the site for housing. This housing plan, first put forward in 2008, was revived in 2013, for a proposed 10,000 homes. Salt production ceased in 2014, and in 2016 Ridley Corporation, which managed the salt pans, sold the land to Adelaide Resource Recovery. Description It is named for the Dry Creek, a stream and drain which flows through the suburb and into Swan Alley, a tidal distributary of Barker Inlet, Gulf St Vincent. It was the site of the soapworks of W. H. Burford & Sons from 1923 (adjacent to the Dry Creek railway station, and formerly used for smelting ore from Broken Hill) and a pioneering \"garden suburb\" for its employees, designed by W. J. Earle (who also laid out Cadbury's\n\nThe Qu\u2019Appelle Valley Hockey League is a C-level senior ice hockey and junior ice hockey league in the greater Regina area of Saskatchewan, Canada. It is sanctioned by Hockey Saskatchewan and Hockey Canada. Senior history Formed in 1960, QVHL Senior teams have won Saskatchewan Provincial titles on several occasions. Among them: The Balcarres Broncs were the first to bring home a title as Provincial 'C' champions in 1974. The Grenfell Spitfires were Provincial 'B' champions in 1982. The Milestone Flyers were 'C' winners in 1985 and 2003. The Flyers also captured the 'D' title in 1998. The Standing Buffalo Bulls were 'A' winners in 2000. The Balgonie Bisons won the Provincial 'A' championship in 2011 and repeated the feat in 2018. Junior history Formed in 2015 after the folding of the Regina Junior C Hockey League (1996\u20132015) three former member teams (Balcarres Broncos, Lumsden Jaxx, Regina River Rats) joined the\n\nQuestion: What is Rialma", "output": "Rialma is a municipality in north-central Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The ARCA Truck Series was a pickup truck racing series which ran on numerous short tracks throughout the American Midwest, running in Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Kentucky and Michigan. Sanctioned by the Automobile Racing Club of America, it raced mid-size trucks with V6 and V8 engines unlike the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series which ran full-size trucks. Most of the teams in the series were owner-driver combinations or family-owned. It was announced January 9, 2017 that the series would cease operations, effective immediately. History The ARCA Truck Series ran exhibition races late in 1998 with the first full season in 1999. The series evolved from the series which ARCA sanctioned from 1990 through 1998 called The Pro 4 Series. The Pro 4 Series cars were full tube chassis stock cars with highly modified 4-cylinder engines. Both full body and open-wheel cars competed in the series together. With the popularity of the\n\nIan Breckin (born 24 July 1975) is an English former professional footballer. He is now head coach at Wickersley Wanderers. Playing career Early career Born in Rotherham, Breckin started his career with his hometown club Rotherham United as a trainee, before signing pro in 1993. He made over 130 appearances for them and scored six goals. He was then sold to Chesterfield for \u00a3100,000 in 1997. He spent five years at Saltergate, making over 200 appearances. He moved to Wigan Athletic in 2002 and became a key player in the side that won promotion to the Premier League. During his time at the club he became a fans favourite for his passionate performances and outstanding defending, earning him the nickname \"Breckinbauer\" (a reference to German footballer Franz Beckenbauer). Nottingham Forest He never got the chance to play in the Premier League and instead signed for League One side Nottingham Forest,\n\nHome of the Giants is a 2007 American sports crime drama film written and directed by Rusty Gorman and starring Haley Joel Osment, Ryan Merriman and Danielle Panabaker. The film has been described as a coming of age tale and sports drama. Plot Like everyone in Riverton, Indiana, seventeen-year-old Robert \"Gar\" Gartland (Haley Joel Osment) loves his school's basketball team, the Riverton Giants. His best friend, Matt Morrison (Ryan Merriman), is the star of the Riverton Giants. When Matt makes Robert take part in the robbery of a small-time drug dealer, things do not go as planned and Robert faces the challenge of saving the team from a desperate predicament with the state championship and Matt's future on the line. In Indiana, high school basketball is a way of life. This fanaticism serves as a backdrop for a story that explores peer pressure, perspective and the difference between a friend\n\nQuestion: What's Home of the Giants?", "output": "Home of the Giants is a 2007 American sports crime drama film written and directed by Rusty Gorman and starring Haley Joel Osment, Ryan Merriman and Danielle Panabaker."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In mathematics, the Bernoulli numbers are a sequence of rational numbers which occur frequently in analysis. The Bernoulli numbers appear in (and can be defined by) the Taylor series expansions of the tangent and hyperbolic tangent functions, in Faulhaber's formula for the sum of m-th powers of the first n positive integers, in the Euler\u2013Maclaurin formula, and in expressions for certain values of the Riemann zeta function. The values of the first 20 Bernoulli numbers are given in the adjacent table. Two conventions are used in the literature, denoted here by and ; they differ only for , where and . For every odd , . For every even , is negative if is divisible by 4 and positive otherwise. The Bernoulli numbers are special values of the Bernoulli polynomials , with and . The Bernoulli numbers were discovered around the same time by the Swiss mathematician Jacob Bernoulli, after\n\nChoquette Hot Springs Provincial Park is a provincial park located in the Stikine Country region of British Columbia, Canada. It was established on January 25, 2001, to protect Stikine River Hot Springs, the largest hot springs on the Canadian side of the lower Stikine River. The park lies in the traditional territory of the Tahltan First Nation about south of the Tahltan community of Telegraph Creek. Geography The park is located on the eastern banks of the Stikine River, just north of the river's confluence with the Choquette River. Despite the park's name, the official name of the hot springs is Stikine River Hot Springs. Geology The Stikine River Hot Springs are a collection of over 15 individual hot springs that emerge out from the granitic rocks at the base of the valley wall, or from mud just beyond the valley floor. Many of these hot springs are within a\n\nAndy Christian Soucek (; born 14 June 1985) is a Spanish-Austrian professional racing driver. Career Soucek was born in Madrid, Spain. His father is an Austrian of Czech descent and his mother is French. He holds dual Austrian and Spanish nationality, although he was born in Spain and has spent all his life there. He races under the Spanish flag because he \"feels Spanish\". Karting Soucek's career started in professional karting events during 1997, although he would not make a formula debut until his Portuguese Formula Ford drive of 2001. In 2002 he continued with karting whilst driving in Spanish Formula Three. In 2003 he ended his karting commitments, moving to the EV team. Formula Three He remained with EV during 2004 but would also drive two races for the GTA team. 2005 would be his key year, though, with Soucek's move to the Llusia team paying off after he\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Bernoulli number is.", "output": "In mathematics, the Bernoulli numbers  are a sequence of rational numbers which occur frequently in analysis."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rupnagar district is one of twenty-two districts in the state of Punjab, India. The city of Rupnagar is said to have been founded by a Raja called Rokeshar, who ruled during the 11th century and named it after his son Rup Sen. It is also the site of an ancient town of the Indus Valley civilization. The major cities in Rupnagar District are Morinda, Nangal and Anandpur Sahib. Morinda is also known as Baghw\u0101la \"[The City] of Gardens.\" Morinda is located on the Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway. The Bhakra Dam in Nangal lies on the boundary with the neighboring state of Himachal Pradesh. Dadhi is one of the most important villages of the district, particularly because of Gurudwara Sri Hargobindsar Sahib. Ropar Ropar is a 21-meter-high ancient mound overlaying the Shiwalik (also spelled as Sivalik or Shivalik) deposition on the left bank of the river Sutlej where it merges into the plains.\n\nGreenbrae is a small unincorporated community in Marin County, California. It is located south-southeast of downtown San Rafael, at an elevation of 33 feet (10 m), located adjacent to U.S. Route 101 at the opening of the Ross Valley. Part of Greenbrae is an unincorporated community of the county while the remaining area is inside the city limits of Larkspur. The ZIP code is 94904, and is shared with the neighboring Census-designated place (CDP) of Kentfield. The community is in area codes 415 and 628. About Predominantly composed of hillside and waterfront terrain, its homes and offices are known for their views of the San Francisco Bay, Corte Madera Creek, and Mount Tamalpais. \"Brae\" means a steep bank or hillside in dialects of Scotland and Northern Ireland; Greenbrae translates to \"green hillside.\" Greenbrae's neighborhoods are bordered by downtown Larkspur to the south, Larkspur Landing to the east, the unincorporated area\n\nAlmonte is a town and municipality located in the province of Huelva, in southwestern Spain. According to the 2022 census, it had a population of 25,448 inhabitants, ranking third within its province, just after Huelva, the capital city and Lepe. With its 859.21 km2 (33174 sq mi), it is the 19th largest municipality in Spain, with a population density of 27/km2. Its elevation is 75 m (246 ft) over sea level and it is 50 km far from Huelva. Almonte is recognised worldwide thanks to the village of El Roc\u00edo, which had a great influence in the American Wild West culture and hosts one of the most popular pilgrimages in the world. Most of the Do\u00f1ana National Park, which is Europe\u2019s largest natural reserve and a World Heritage Site by UNESCO and the longest beach in Spain, which includes the popular Matalasca\u00f1as beach, are also in Almonte. Moreover, it is\n\nQuestion: What is Rupnagar district?", "output": "Rupnagar district is one of twenty-two districts in the state of Punjab, India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "|} The Coventry Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old horses. It is run at Ascot over a distance of 6 furlongs (1,207 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in June. History The event was established in 1890, and it was named after the 9th Earl of Coventry, who served as the Master of the Buckhounds at that time. The present system of race grading was introduced in 1971, and for a period the Coventry Stakes was classed at Group 3 level. It was promoted to Group 2 status in 2004. It is usually contested on the opening day of the Royal Ascot meeting. Records Leading jockey (9 wins): Sir Gordon Richards \u2013 Manitoba (1932), Medieval Knight (1933), Hairan (1934), Nasrullah (1942), Khaled (1945), Tudor Minstrel (1946), The Cobbler (1947), Palestine (1949), King's Bench (1951) Leading trainer (10 wins):\n\nIn the Name of Suffering is the debut album by American sludge metal band Eyehategod. It was initially released in 1990 through French independent label Intellectual Convulsion and reissued in 1992 by Century Media. Background and recording Eyehategod was formed in 1988 and recorded two demos, Garden Dwarf Woman Driver and Lack of Almost Everything, released in the years 1989 and 1990, respectively. Originally, the band did not take themselves seriously, and only formed to rebel against what they call \"the norm of underground music at the time\". The album was recorded and produced by the band themselves at Festival Studios in Kenner, Louisiana for about $1,000. Release The album was originally released by French label Intellectual Convulsion, but only around 1,500\u20132,000 CD and vinyl copies were pressed before the label had to shut down due to financial difficulties. The group would later be signed onto Century Media, who re-released\n\nWe Can't Be Stopped is the third studio album by Geto Boys, released on July 9, 1991. It was among their most successful records in terms of units sold. The album is analysed track-by-track by Geto Boys in Brian Coleman's book Check the Technique. We Can't Be Stopped was certified Platinum in early 1992. Recording We Can't Be Stopped took only a few weeks to record. During the recording of the album, DJ Ready Red, one of the original Geto Boys members, left the group for personal reasons. In We Can't Be Stopped, each member of the group has three solo tracks. Three tracks have all three members on the rapping roster, including a short verse from DJ Ready Red on the title track. Album cover The album cover is a graphic picture of member Bushwick Bill in the hospital. Bill was shot in the eye as he and his\n\nQuestion: What is Coventry Stakes?", "output": "|}\n\nThe Coventry Stakes is a Group 2 flat horse race in Great Britain open to two-year-old horses."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Thomas Harold \"Junior\" Burrough (born January 18, 1973) is an American former professional basketball player. A 6'8\" power forward, Burrough played collegiately at the University of Virginia, and was selected by the Boston Celtics 33rd overall in the 1995 NBA draft. His NBA career consisted of one season for the Celtics in 1995\u201396. He is currently the Head Boys' Basketball Coach at Norfolk Collegiate in Norfolk, VA. External links College & NBA stats @ basketballreference.com Junior Burrough head shot @ eurobasket.com 1973 births Living people African-American basketball players American expatriate basketball people in South Korea Anyang Jung Kwan Jang Red Boosters players Basketball players from Charlotte, North Carolina Boston Celtics draft picks Boston Celtics players Maroussi B.C. players Power forwards (basketball) Richmond Rhythm players Seoul SK Knights players Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball players American men's basketball players Oak Hill Academy (Mouth of Wilson, Virginia) alumni 21st-century African-American sportspeople 20th-century African-American\n\nThe Gothic double is a literary motif which refers to the divided personality of a character. Closely linked to the Doppelg\u00e4nger, which first appeared in the 1796 novel Siebenk\u00e4s by Johann Paul Richter, the double figure emerged in Gothic literature in the late 18th century due to a resurgence of interest in mythology and folklore which explored notions of duality, such as the fetch in Irish folklore which is a double figure of a family member, often signifying an impending death. A major shift in Gothic literature occurred in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, where evil was no longer within a physical location such as a haunted castle, but expanded to inhabit the mind of characters, often referred to as \"the haunted individual.\" Examples of the Gothic double motif in 19th-century texts include Charlotte Bront\u00eb's novel Jane Eyre (1847) and Charlotte Perkins Gilman's short story The Yellow Wallpaper\n\nThe American Football Conference (AFC) is one of the two conferences of the National Football League (NFL), the highest professional level of American football in the United States. The AFC and its counterpart, the National Football Conference (NFC), each contain 16 teams with 4 divisions. Both conferences were created as part of the 1970 merger between the National Football League, and the American Football League (AFL). All ten of the AFL teams, and three NFL teams, became members of the new AFC, with the remaining thirteen NFL teams forming the NFC. A series of league expansions and division realignments have occurred since the merger, thus making the current total of 16 teams in each conference. The current AFC champions are the Kansas City Chiefs, who defeated the Cincinnati Bengals in the 2022 season's AFC Championship Game for their third conference championship. Teams Like the NFC, the conference has 16 teams\n\nQuestion: What's Gothic double?", "output": "The Gothic double is a literary motif which refers to the divided personality of a character."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A naked party, also known as nude party, is a party where the participants are required to be nude. The parties have become associated with college campuses and with college-aged people; they gained prominence after naked parties were organized at Brown University and Yale University. While the roots of naked parties come from the nudism movements and campus streaking, the modern \"naked party\" movement appears to have its roots at Brown University in the 1980s. Attendees of naked parties often report that they stop feeling awkward after just a few minutes since everyone has disrobed before entering the party and since everyone's nudity is accepted, regardless of body type. According to reports, most naked college parties are sex-free. At Brown University, the nakedness is \"more of an experiment in social interaction than a sexual experience\". The event at Yale continued; in 2016 it was observed that, having begun in the\n\nBeasdale railway station is a railway station serving Glen Beasdale in the Highland region of Scotland. This station is on the West Highland Line, sited from the former Banavie Junction, between Lochailort and Arisaig. ScotRail manage the station and operate all services. History It was originally a private station for the nearby Arisaig House, and the station was thus originally opened on 1 April 1901, but was fully open to the public from 6 September 1965. The former station building is now a private holiday cottage. Facilities The station is equipped with a bench, a shelter and a help point, with a small car park adjacent to the station. Passenger volume Beasdale was one of six railway stations in Britain to see zero passengers in the 2020/21 period, due to decreased travel throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. It is therefore Britain's joint-least-used station alongside Abererch, Llanbedr, Sampford Courtenay, Stanlow and Thornton\n\nPotulice concentration camp () was a concentration camp established and operated by Nazi Germany during World War II in Potulice near Nak\u0142o in the territory of occupied Poland. Until the spring of 1941 it was a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp. In January 1942 Potulice became fully independent. It is estimated that a total of 25,000 prisoners went through the camp during its operation before the end of 1944. It became notable also as a detention centre for kidnapped Polish children that underwent the Nazi experiment in forced Germanisation. Beginnings Initially the Potulice camp was one of numerous transit points for Poles expelled by the German authorities from territories of western Poland annexed into the newly created Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia. The forcible displacement of Polish nationals known as Lebensraum; was meant to create space for German colonists (the Volksdeutsche) brought in Heim ins Reich from across Eastern Europe. The\n\nQuestion: What's Potulice concentration camp?", "output": "Potulice concentration camp was a concentration camp established and operated by Nazi Germany during World War II in Potulice near Nak\u0142o in the territory of occupied Poland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mistissini ( meaning Big Rock) is a Cree town located in the south-east corner of the largest natural lake in Quebec, Lake Mistassini. The town is inside the boundaries of the Baie-James Municipality and is the second largest Cree community with a population of 3,731 people in 2021. The surface area of the town is (Category I land, as defined in the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement). Mistissini is part of the Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee) and the Cree Regional Authority. The Cree School Board and the Cree Construction Company have their head offices here. The town is about north-east from the town of Chibougamau, connected by a paved road. Mistissini has a fishing lodge with 20 rooms and a restaurant. History Cree have lived in the Rupert River watershed area and around Lake Mistassini for centuries. French explorers and traders entered the area in the\n\nLeaf International BV was a confectionery company founded in the 1940s. Leaf had sales of approximately \u20ac527m (2010) and 2,400 employees. It had 11 factories in seven countries. Leaf was owned by CVC Capital Partners, Nordic Capital, and management. Bengt Baron was the CEO of Leaf. After several mergers and acquisitions Leaf merged with the Swedish confectionery company Cloetta, and dropped the Leaf name. Leaf was also notable for its trading cards, more specifically the baseball cards sets, with the first of them released in 1948. History The company was founded by Sol S. Leaf in Chicago, Illinois, in the 1940s. Its history includes a number of mergers, acquisitions, and divisions, as well as several name changes. In 1940, the Leaf Confectionery Company introduced Rain-Blo Bubble Gum. In 1947, the Overland Candy Company (makers of Whoppers brand malted milk candy) merged with the Chicago Biscuit Company, Leaf Confectionary Company, and\n\nThe SK Gas Cup is a Go competition. Outline The SK Gas Cup is sponsored by SK Gas. The participants must be under the age of 25 and under the rank of 5 dan. The komi is 6.5 points. Thinking time is 3 hours. The winner's prize is 10,000,000 Won ($8,500). Past winners Previous winners (and defeated finalists): 12nd 2008 Kim Kiyoung (d. Park Jung Hwan 2-1) 11st 2007 Yun Junsang (d. Heo Yeongho 2-1) 10th 2006 Baek Hongsuk (d. Lee Yeongkyu 2-0) 9th 2005 Kang Dongyun (d. Ko Geuntae 2-0) 8th 2004 Park Jungsang (d. An Younggil 2-1) 7th 2003 Cho Hanseung (d. Paek Tae-hyeon 2-0) 6th 2002 Yi Se-tol (d. Paek Tae-hyeon 2-0) 5th 2001 Kang Chi-seong (d. Paek Tae-hyeon 2-0) 4th 2000 Yi Sang-hun (d. Yi Se-tol 2-1) 3rd 1999 Mok Chin-seok (d. Weon Seong-chin 2-0) 2nd 1998 Yi Seong-chae (d. Mok Chin-seok 1-0) 1st 1997 An\n\nQuestion: What is Mistissini", "output": "Mistissini is a Cree town located in the south-east corner of the largest natural lake in Quebec, Lake Mistassini."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Greenwell Springs is an area of Central, Louisiana, United States, a city in the Baton Rouge metropolitan area. It was previously distinct unincorporated community in East Baton Rouge Parish. The ZIP code for this area is 70739. History In the 1850s, Robert W. Greenwell purchased land in the area of what is now known as Greenwell Springs, and began developing the area into a rural resort that was built around 10 medicinal springs. Despite the springs being in proximity to each other, each spring was said to have very different and distinct mineral properties from the others. This is thought to have indicated the springs each came from different levels beneath the ground. The resort area became known as the Greenwell Springs Hotel, and was used during the Civil War as a headquarters and staging area by Confederate General John Breckinridge. Prior to the Battle of Baton Rouge in April\n\nBatman Returns is a 1992 American superhero film directed by Tim Burton and written by Daniel Waters. Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the sequel to Batman (1989) and the second installment in the 1989\u20131997 Batman series. In the film, the superhero vigilante Batman comes into conflict with wealthy industrialist Max Shreck and deformed crime boss Oswald Cobblepot / The Penguin, who seek power, influence, and respect regardless of the cost to Gotham City. Their plans are complicated by Selina Kyle, Shreck's formerly-meek secretary, who seeks vengeance against Shreck as Catwoman. The cast includes Michael Keaton, Danny DeVito, Michelle Pfeiffer, Christopher Walken, Michael Gough, Pat Hingle, and Michael Murphy. Burton had no interest in making a sequel to the successful Batman, believing that he was creatively restricted by the expectations of Warner Bros. He agreed to return in exchange for significant creative control, including replacing original writer\n\nCameron Cloke (born 20 December 1984) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club, Carlton Football Club and Port Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He is the son of former and Collingwood player, David Cloke and the brother of Jason and Travis Cloke. AFL career Cloke was drafted under the father-son rule in the 2002 National draft. Like his older brother Jason, Cloke was given time to develop at Williamstown in his first year at Collingwood. Cloke made his debut against Essendon in 2004 and played mostly as a tall forward. He played most of the first half of the 2005 AFL season as a ruckman and used his size well, however Cloke's season was ended by shoulder injury. More shoulder injuries occurred for Cloke in 2006 and managed only two senior games for the year. Cloke and his brother\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Cameron Cloke.", "output": "Cameron Cloke is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club, Carlton Football Club and Port Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gideon Brecher (; 12 January 1797 \u2013 14 May 1873), also known by the pen name Gedaliah ben Eliezer (, was an Austrian writer and physician. He was a central figure in the Moravian Haskalah. Biography Brecher was born in Prossnitz, Moravia, and attended yeshivot in Eibensch\u00fctz and Nikolsburg. He was the first Jew of Prossnitz to study medicine or any other professional field. Brecher received a graduate degree in surgery and obstetrics at the University of Pest in 1824, and obtained a doctorate in medicine at the University of Erlangen in 1849, with the thesis Das Transcendentale, Magie und Magische Heilarten im Talmud (Vienna, 1850). Brecher's fame in Jewish literature rests principally on this work and upon his lucid commentary on the Kuzari of Judah ha-Levi, which appeared with the text in four parts (Prague, 1838\u20131840). His correspondence with Samuel David Luzzato about this commentary was also published. In\n\nSir Roger Mark Jowell, CBE (26 March 1942 \u2013 25 December 2011) was a British social statistician and academic. He founded Social and Community Planning Research, now known as the National Centre for Social Research, and the Centre for Comparative Social Surveys at City University. He played a leading role in the establishment of several of the UK's leading social surveys, most famously the British Social Attitudes and the British Election Study. He made a major contribution to the development of robust comparative research through the International Social Survey Programme and the European Social Survey. Early life Roger Mark Jowell was born on 26 March 1942 in South Africa, the second son of Emily Katzenellenbogen and Jack Jowell. In his youth, he was active in left-wing politics becoming President of Cape Town's Student Representative Council and Vice-President of the National Union of South African Students. \"As soon as I graduated\n\nMunaf Patel (born 12 July 1983) is a former Indian cricketer who played all formats of the game. He has also played for the West Zone in the Duleep Trophy and Gujarat, Mumbai cricket team and Maharashtra cricket team in domestic arena. Patel was a member of the Indian team that won the 2011 Cricket World Cup. In November 2018, he announced his retirement from cricket. He was born in Ikhar, Gujarat, India. Domestic career Munaf Patel first gained prominence in 2003 at the age of 20 before he had even played first class cricket for Gujarat, when he was invited to the MRF Pace Foundation in Chennai by the Indian chairman of selectors Kiran More. There he attracted the attention of visiting Australian captain Steve Waugh, and the director Dennis Lillee, a former Australian fast bowler, with his raw pace. With the backing of Sachin Tendulkar, he was signed\n\nQuestion: Who is Gideon Brecher", "output": "Gideon Brecher, also known by the pen name Gedaliah ben Eliezer (, was an Austrian writer and physician."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Sweet Head\" is a song written by David Bowie which was recorded at Trident Studios on 11 November 1971. It took 18 years before it was eventually released and it first appeared on the Rykodisc CD release of Ziggy Stardust in 1990. Its release came as a complete surprise to even the most die-hard Bowie fans and collectors who were totally unaware of the track prior to its issue. Even co-producer Ken Scott had forgotten about its existence and admitted his utter surprise upon its release. It then appeared on the 30th Anniversary Reissue bonus disc of Ziggy Stardust in 2002 and again in 2012 for the 40th Anniversary (this time with a jokey 30 second studio discussion between Bowie and the band). Though originally written for The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and The Spiders of Mars (the lyrics refer to \"brother Ziggy\"), it was considered too provocative\n\n\u015eav\u015fat () is a town in Artvin Province in the Black Sea region, between the cities of Artvin and Kars on the border with Georgia at the far eastern end of Turkey. It is the seat of \u015eav\u015fat District. Its population is 6,048 (2021). History According to Rayfield, in 790 BC, King Menua of Urartu invaded Shesheti in Kingdom of Diauehi, which is the Kartvelian province of Shavsheti. In 387 this land was a part of Marzpan Iberia (vassal of Iran). After this, in IX century it was one of the Georgian princedoms in the constellation of several polities which is conventionally known as Tao-Klarjeti in Georgian. The princedom of Shavsheti included today's districts of \u015eav\u015fat, Bor\u00e7ka, and Murgul in Turkey and Lower Machakheli in Adjara (Georgia). The fortress above the town is primarily of Georgian construction and probably dates from the 9th century A.D., when it was rebuilt by\n\nJohann Tobias B\u00fcrg (December 24, 1766 \u2013 November 15, 1835), sometimes known as Johannes Burg, was an Austrian astronomer. Life Born in Vienna, B\u00fcrg worked as astronomical assistant to Franz Xaver von Zach at the Gotha Observatory. From 1791 he served as a professor of physics at the Gymnasium in Klagenfurt, Carinthia. He subsequently became assistant at the Vienna Observatory, where in 1817 he succeeded as director after the death of Franz de Paula Triesnecker. In 1799 he published astronomical tables on the Orbit of the Moon based on about 3,000 observations, that were praised for their accuracy. For these astronomical tables, B\u00fcrg was made a member of the French Academy of Sciences. He also was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Hanoverian G\u00f6ttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities in 1801, of the Prussian Academy of Sciences in 1812, as well as of\n\nQuestion: Define Sweet Head.", "output": "\"Sweet Head\" is a song written by David Bowie which was recorded at Trident Studios on 11 November 1971."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Baroda cricket team is a domestic cricket team based in the city of Vadodara, Gujarat. The home ground of the team is the Moti Bagh Stadium on the palace grounds. The team is run by the Baroda Cricket Association. It has been one of the most successful teams in the Ranji Trophy in the new millennium. Baroda were runners-up in the 2005/06 Ranji Trophy. It is one of three Gujarat Teams, the others being the Saurashtra cricket team and Gujarat cricket team. Competition history Baroda has only emerged as a strong team in recent years. It won its last Ranji Trophy in 2000\u201301, but failed to defend the title, coming runner-up in the next year. This means it has had only one Irani Trophy appearance, in which it failed to defeat a strong Rest of India team which contained the likes of VVS Laxman (13 & 148), Dinesh Mongia\n\nThe University of Education, Winneba (UEW) is a university in Winneba, Central Region of Ghana. It was established in 1992 by a government ordinance (PNDC Law 322) and with a relationship with the University of Cape Coast. Its main aim is to train teachers for the education system of Ghana. The University of Education, Winneba is charged with the responsibility of teacher education and producing professional educators to spearhead a new national vision of education aimed at redirecting Ghana's efforts along the path of rapid economic and social development. The University of Education, Winneba is expected to play a leading role in Ghana's drive to produce scholars whose knowledge would be fully responsive to the realities and exigencies of contemporary Ghana. Organisation The university has twenty-nine academic departments and centers, seven faculties. It also has 18 distance education regional study centers throughout Ghana. In addition to three campuses in Winneba\n\nThe Five Articles of Remonstrance or the Remonstrance were theological propositions advanced in 1610 by followers of Jacobus Arminius who had died in 1609, in disagreement with interpretations of the teaching of John Calvin then current in the Dutch Reformed Church. Those who supported them were called \"Remonstrants\". Background Forty-six preachers and the two leaders of the Leyden state college for the education of preachers met in The Hague on 14 January 1610, to state in written form their views concerning all disputed doctrines. The document in the form of a remonstrance was drawn up by Jan Uytenbogaert and after a few changes was endorsed and signed by all in July. The Remonstrants did not reject confession and catechism, but did not acknowledge them as permanent and unchangeable canons of faith. They ascribed authority only to the word of God in Holy Scripture and were averse to all formalism. They\n\nQuestion: Define Five Articles of Remonstrance.", "output": "The Five Articles of Remonstrance or the Remonstrance were theological propositions advanced in 1610 by followers of Jacobus Arminius who had died in 1609, in disagreement with interpretations of the teaching of John Calvin then current in the Dutch Reformed Church."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Falmouth Town Association Football Club is a football club based in Falmouth, Cornwall, United Kingdom. They are currently members of the and play at Bickland Park. The club were the first Cornish team to reach the first round proper of the FA Cup, which they have done on three occasions; 1962\u201363, 1967\u201368 and 1969\u201370. History The club was established in 1949 and joined the Cornwall Senior League for the 1950\u201351 season. In 1951 they were founder members of the South Western League. They finished bottom of the league in 1952\u201353 and again in 1954\u201355, but won their first trophy in 1957\u201358, beating Newquay 1\u20130 in the League Cup final. They were league runners-up the following season, also retaining the League Cup with a 6\u20133 win over Truro City in the final. In 1961\u201362 they won the league for the first time, also winning the League Cup and the Cornwall Senior\n\nIn population genetics, a selection coefficient, usually denoted by the letter s, is a measure of differences in relative fitness. Selection coefficients are central to the quantitative description of evolution, since fitness differences determine the change in genotype frequencies attributable to selection. The following definition of s is commonly used. Suppose that there are two genotypes A and B in a population with relative fitnesses and respectively. Then, choosing genotype A as our point of reference, we have , and , where s measures the fitness advantage (s>0) or disadvantage (s<0) of B. For example, the lactose-tolerant allele spread from very low frequencies to high frequencies in less than 9000 years since farming with an estimated selection coefficient of 0.09-0.19 for a Scandinavian population. Though this selection coefficient might seem like a very small number, over evolutionary time, the favored alleles accumulate in the population and become more and more\n\nAyre ( ; ) is one of the six sheadings of the Isle of Man. It is located in the north of the island (part of the traditional North Side division) and consists of the three historic parishes of Andreas, Bride and (Kirk Christ) Lezayre. The town of Ramsey, which is administered separately, covers areas of two historic parishes (Lezayre, and Maughold in the sheading of Garff). It is treated as part of Garff for some purposes, e.g. the coroner. Other settlements in the sheading include Glen Auldyn and Sulby (both in the parish of Lezayre). Etymology The derivation of the word ayre is from Old Norse \"eyrr\", meaning a shingle beach. It refers to a storm beach forming a narrow spit of shingle or sand cutting across the landward and seaward ends of a shallow bay. This may partly cut off a sheltered stretch of water from the sea\n\nQuestion: What's Falmouth Town A.F.C.?", "output": "Falmouth Town Association Football Club is a football club based in Falmouth, Cornwall, United Kingdom."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Trypsinization is the process of cell dissociation using trypsin, a proteolytic enzyme which breaks down proteins, to dissociate adherent cells from the vessel in which they are being cultured. When added to cell culture, trypsin breaks down the proteins that enable the cells to adhere to the vessel. Trypsinization is often used to pass cells to a new vessel. When the trypsinization process is complete the cells will be in suspension and appear rounded. For experimental purposes, cells are often cultivated in containers that take the form of plastic flasks or plates. In such flasks, cells are provided with a growth medium comprising the essential nutrients required for proliferation, and the cells adhere to the container and each other as they grow. This process of cell culture or tissue culture requires a method to dissociate the cells from the container and each other. Trypsin, an enzyme commonly found in the\n\nSankat Mochan Hanuman Temple is a Hindu temple in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India and is dedicated to the Hindu God Hanuman. The temple was established by famous Hindu preacher and poet saint Sri Goswami Tulsidas in the early 16th century and is situated on the banks of the Assi river. The deity was named \"Sankat Mochan\" meaning the \"reliever from troubles\". In the temple, offerings to Lord Hanuman (called Prasad) are sold like the special sweet \"besan ke ladoo\", which the devotees relish; the idol is also decked with a pleasant marigold flower garland as well. This temple has the unique distinction of having Lord Hanuman facing his Lord, Rama, whom he worshipped with steadfast and selfless devotion. History It is believed that the temple has been built on the very spot where Tulsidas had a vision of Hanuman. Sankat Mochan Temple was founded by Tulsidas who was the author\n\nUlysses Bloodstone is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is an immortal monster-hunter. Ulysses Bloodstone appeared in the Marvel Cinematic Universe / Disney+ television special Werewolf by Night, voiced by Richard Dixon. Publication history Ulysses Bloodstone first appeared in Marvel Presents #1 (Oct 1975) and was created by Len Wein, Marv Wolfman, and John Warner. John Warner has explained the development of Ulysses Bloodstone: \"Len Wein and Marv Wolfman came up with the spark that would become Bloodstone\u2014the premise of a man who fights monsters\u2014and together he and I began to develop a series idea to take up ten pages of Where Monsters Dwell.\" Mike Vosburg was the artist assigned to the first installment, and then Pat Boyette was to do the rest of the series. Warner developed ideas for the ongoing story, describing the planned ideas as \"grand and epic and sweeping\n\nQuestion: Define Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple.", "output": "Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple is a Hindu temple in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India and is dedicated to the Hindu God Hanuman."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dermot Gallagher (born 20 May 1957) is a retired Irish association football referee, who lives in Banbury, Oxfordshire. He refereed in the Premier League of English football until May 2007. Career Gallagher first took up the whistle in 1978 at the suggestion of an ex-Football League linesman called Dick Bartlett. He was elected to the assistant referees' list of the Football League in 1985. Five years later he became a Football League referee at the age of only thirty-three. Even by his second season he was regularly handling top division games and was chosen for the new Premier League in 1992. He progressed to the FIFA list in 1994 after only three and a half seasons on the List. His first ever Premiership appointment was the 2\u20130 away win by Coventry at Spurs on 19 August 1992, both goals being scored by John Williams. In 1995, he refereed the FA\n\nArchery is the sport, practice, or skill of using a bow to shoot arrows. The word comes from the Latin arcus, meaning bow. Historically, archery has been used for hunting and combat. In modern times, it is mainly a competitive sport and recreational activity. A person who practices archery is typically called an archer, bowman, or toxophilite. History Origins and ancient archery The oldest known evidence of the bow and arrow comes from South African sites such as Sibudu Cave, where the remains of bone and stone arrowheads have been found dating approximately 72,000 to 60,000 years ago. Based on indirect evidence, the bow also seems to have appeared or reappeared later in Eurasia, near the transition from the Upper Paleolithic to the Mesolithic. The earliest definite remains of bow and arrow from Europe are possible fragments from Germany found at Mannheim-Vogelstang dated 17,500 to 18,000 years ago, and at\n\nIn the Heart is the fifteenth studio album by the funk/R&B band Kool & the Gang, released on November 21, 1983. The album became a hit and brought a return to the Billboard charts for the band. The hit love song, \"Joanna\", soared to number two on the charts in the U.S. and UK, and hit number one on the U.S. R&B chart. \"Straight Ahead\" was only #103 in the U.S. but a top twenty hit in the UK, while \"Tonight\" was a top twenty in the U.S. Track listing Personnel Kool & The Gang James \"J.T.\" Taylor \u2013 lead vocals, backing vocals Curtis \"Fitz\" Williams \u2013 keyboards, Memorymoog, Minimoog, Oberheim OB-X, alto saxophone, backing vocals Ronald \"Khalis\" Bell \u2013 Oberheim OB-X, tenor saxophone, backing vocals Claydes Charles Smith \u2013 guitars Robert \"Kool\" Bell \u2013 bass George Brown \u2013 drums Dennis \"Dee Tee\" Thomas \u2013 alto saxophone Clifford Adams \u2013\n\nQuestion: What is In the Heart", "output": "In the Heart is the fifteenth studio album by the funk/R&B band Kool & the Gang, released on November 21, 1983."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (28 November 1700 \u2013 27 May 1770) was Queen of Denmark and Norway by marriage to King Christian VI of Denmark and Norway. Life Early life She was born in Castle Schonberg, Bavaria, to Christian Heinrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach by his wife, Countess Sophie Christiane of Wolfstein. She was raised at the court of the Queen of Poland, Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, in Saxony. Crown Princess King Frederick IV of Denmark allowed his son, Crown Prince Christian, to find a suitable bride. During a trip through Europe accompanied by Chancellor Ulrik Adolf Holstein the Crown Prince met Sophie Magdalene while she was serving as lady-in-waiting of the Queen of Poland at the Pretzsch Castle. She came from a small (the Margraviate of Kulmbach was not greater than Lolland-Falster), insignificant, relatively poor and large German princely family (she had 13 siblings); however, the King gave his permission.\n\nGilling West is a village about north of Richmond in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. It is located in the civil parish of Gilling with Hartforth and Sedbury. It is named \"West\" to distinguish it from Gilling East in Ryedale, some 32 miles away. A 2018 report states that the community houses people who commute to Darlington, Teesside and Richmond via the A66 and A1(M). The settlement \"retains a village hall, two public houses and a shop but there is no longer a post office. There is a limited bus service to the village.\" The report adds that Gilling West is a Conservation Area with the High Street of particular significance. \"A substantial percentage of the buildings [in the community] are listed as being of special architectural or historic interest\". History Gilling was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 under the name of Ghellinges \"in the hundred\n\nFolly Farm is a traditionally managed working farm and nature reserve run by the Avon Wildlife Trust. It is located between Stowey, Clutton and Stanton Wick in the civil parish of Stowey in the English county of Somerset. The farm house is 18th century and the surrounding land includes neutral grassland, wildflower meadows and woodlands with splendid views. Much of Folly Farm is designated as a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest. Some of the land has never been ploughed. The SSSI comprises two adjacent areas, the meadows (19.36 hectares) and Dowlings Wood (9 hectares). It is also a Local Nature Reserve. It can be found near Bishop Sutton in the Chew Valley, just off the A368. The site is situated on a curved ridge of land on neutral soils derived from the underlying Keuper Marl. The soil is of the Icknield Association with dark brown, moist but moderately well-drained\n\nQuestion: What is Gilling West", "output": "Gilling West is a village about  north of Richmond in the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Robert Andrew Graham, SJ (March 11, 1912, Sacramento, California \u2013 February 11, 1997, Los Gatos, California) was an American Jesuit priest and World War II historian of the Catholic Church. He was a vigorous defender of Pope Pius XII over accusations that he had failed to do what he could to defend the Jews and others persecuted by the Nazis. The son of Charlie Graham, a former professional baseball player for the Boston Red Sox and part owner of the San Francisco Seals, Graham joined the California province of the Jesuits as a young man. He was ordained priest in 1941 and was soon sent to New York City to work on the Jesuit weekly, America, where he remained for two decades. In 1952, he gained a doctorate in political science and international law from the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva during a sabbatical. In 1959, his book,\n\nNatural Bridge Park near Natural Bridge, Alabama, is park in Winston County, Alabama, that has been open since 1954. The current owners are Jim and Barbara Denton. The park includes picnic accommodations, an artesian well which supplies drinking fountains, a gift shop featuring hand-crafted items, 27 varieties of fern, a variety of hemlock which dates back to the Ice Age and a 30-minute nature trail. The Natural Bridge formation is 60 ft (18.3 m) high, long, and composed of sandstone and iron ore. This bridge is the longest natural bridge east of the Rocky Mountains in North America. Downhill from the natural bridge is an outcropping of rock, presenting the image of a large American Indian head, in the right profile view, similar to that of an old American Indian Head nickel (see photo). The stone image is just over high. As of 2015, admission cost $3.50 for adults. Because\n\nSir George Augustus William Shuckburgh-Evelyn, 6th Baronet (23 August 1751 \u2013 11 August 1804) was a British politician, mathematician and astronomer. Life George Shuckburgh was born on 23 August 1751, the son of Richard Shuckburgh of Limerick. He was educated at Rugby School and Balliol College, Oxford, from which he earned a bachelor's degree in 1772. He became a baronet in 1773, on the death of his uncle, and (after returning from his postgraduate travels to Europe) moved to Shuckburgh Hall, the family estate in Shuckburgh, Warwickshire. In 1774, Shuckburgh was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. He served in the House of Commons as a Member of Parliament for Warwickshire from 1780 until his death in 1804. In 1782, he was married to Sarah Johanna Darker, daughter of John Darker. His second marriage on 6 October 1785 was to Julia Annabella Evelyn, the daughter of James Evelyn of\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Natural Bridge Park is.", "output": "Natural Bridge Park near Natural Bridge, Alabama, is park in Winston County, Alabama, that has been open since 1954."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Braubach is a municipality in the Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Rhine, approx. 10 km southeast of Koblenz. Braubach has assorted medieval architecture intact, including portions of the town wall, half-timbered buildings, and castle Marksburg on the hill above. Braubach was the seat of the former Verbandsgemeinde (\"collective municipality\") Braubach. History In 1276 King Rudolf of Habsburg made Braubach a free city under Count Gottfried of Eppstein. Count Eberhard I of Katzenelnbogen bought the city and castle in 1283. Until 1479, the Counts rebuilt the castle constantly. The castle was never conquered and never destroyed. The City of Braubach was the administrative centre of the Katzenelnbogen wine production with Rhens, Spay, Boppard, Horchheim and Salzig and an amount of 33000 L of wine in 1438 and 84000 L of wine in 1443. In the 1845 travel guide Le Rhin, Victor Hugo notes:\n\nThe Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI was an activist group operational in the US during the early 1970s. Their only known action was breaking into a two-man Media, Pennsylvania, office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and stealing over 1,000 classified documents. They then mailed these documents anonymously to several US newspapers to expose numerous illegal FBI operations which were infringing on the First Amendment rights of American civilians. Most news outlets initially refused to publish the information, saying it related to ongoing operations and that disclosure might have threatened the lives of agents or informants. However, The Washington Post, after affirming the veracity of the files which the Commission sent them, ran a front-page story on March 24, 1971, at which point other media organizations followed suit. \"The complete collection of political documents ripped off from the F.B.I. office in Media, Pa., March 8, 1971\" was published\n\nThe Miss Mississippi USA competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the state of Mississippi in the Miss USA pageant. The pageant was directed by Premier Pageants from 2001 to 2010, before becoming part of Greenwood Productions in 2010 under the ownership of Miss Tennessee USA 1989 Kim Greenwood. Mississippi has had 12 Miss USA placements as of 2021. They won Miss USA in 2020. The most recent placement was Asya Branch in 2020, winning the Miss USA 2020 title, becoming the 36th state to have the Miss USA title, 33rd to be crowned. Four titleholders have competed at Miss Teen USA, and as of 2007, four have competed at Miss America, including Branch. Sydney Russell of Meridian was crowned Miss Mississippi USA 2023 on April 1, 2023. Results summary Placements Miss USA: Asya Branch (2020) 1st runners-up: Leah Laviano (2008) 3rd runners-up: Cindy Williams (1986) 4th runners-up:\n\nQuestion: What is Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI?", "output": "The Citizens' Commission to Investigate the FBI was an activist group operational in the US during the early 1970s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ami Foster is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Margaux Kramer in the TV series Punky Brewster. Biography Foster, a native of California, won the National Tap Dance Championship after which she was discovered on Star Search as a singer at age eight. In 1984, Foster landed her most notable role, in the NBC series Punky Brewster as Margaux Kramer, the spoiled upper class friend of the title character. During the run of Punky Brewster, Foster appeared on Circus of the Stars; she shared an act with actor-musician Corey Yothers, whose sister Tina (of Family Ties fame) was also featured that year in COTS. Following the end of Punky Brewster in 1988, Foster appeared in various guest roles: on The Wonder Years, Quantum Leap, and Life Goes On. In 1986\u201387, she was the voice of Holly, the young owner of the Puppy Pound\n\nTipu Zahed Aziz, FMedSci (; born 9 November 1956) is a Bangladeshi-born British professor of neurosurgery at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, Aarhus Denmark and Porto, Portugal. He specialises in the study and treatment of Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, dystonia, spasmodic torticollis, fixed abnormal posture of the neck, tremor, and intractable neuropathic pain. Besides his medical work, he is also notable as a public commentator in support of animal experimentation. Early life and education Aziz was born in Bangladesh into what The Guardian called a \"medical dynasty\". He arrived in Britain at the age of 17 with just three O-levels, but after passing A-levels, he studied Neurophysiology at University College London, where he became interested in deep brain stimulation. He went on to study for a doctorate at Manchester University, where he began his research on animals. Career In February 2006, Aziz came to public prominence in the UK\n\n, also known as Ouchi Sakyo-no-Tayu, was a Muromachi period samurai clan head and military leader. Yoshirio was the second son of \u014cuchi Hiroyo, and a member of the \u014cuchi clan which served under Ashikaga Takauji. The \u014cuchi became known as the shugo of Su\u014d and Nagato in 1363 for assisting the Ashikaga against many other opponents. Yoshihiro along with his father both also assisted Imagawa Sadayo in his Ky\u016bsh\u016b campaign. After Yoshihiro's father died during the year of 1379, Yoshihiro and his brother both became involved in a power struggle. Yoshihiro ended up defeating his brother at Sakariyama in 1380. During the year of 1391, in the name of the sh\u014dgun, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, Yoshihiro led an army against the Southern Court adherents in the Capital region. Due to Yoshihiro's actions, Yoshimitsu awarded him with two more provinces. Yoshihiro's greatest contribution to the Ashikaga took place during the year of\n\nQuestion: Tell me what \u014cuchi Yoshihiro is.", "output": ", also known as Ouchi Sakyo-no-Tayu, was a Muromachi period samurai clan head and military leader."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Sign of the Beaver is a children's historical novel by American author Elizabeth George Speare, which has won numerous literary awards. It was published in February 1983, and has become one of her most famous works. The idea for this book came from a factual story that Elizabeth George Speare discovered in Milo, Maine about a young boy who was left alone for a summer in the wilderness and was befriended by a Native American, named Attean, and his grandfather. The novel has been adapted into a television film titled Keeping the Promise. Plot The Sign of the Beaver tells the story of 13-year-old Matthew James \"Matt\" Hallowell, an 18th-century American settler. He and his father build a log cabin in the wilderness of Maine, then Matt is left alone to guard the cabin and his family's claim to the land while his father heads back to Quincy, Massachusetts\n\nAcetylene Propyne 1-Butyne In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon\u2014carbon triple bond. The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula . Alkynes are traditionally known as acetylenes, although the name acetylene also refers specifically to , known formally as ethyne using IUPAC nomenclature. Like other hydrocarbons, alkynes are generally hydrophobic. Structure and bonding In acetylene, the H\u2013C\u2261C bond angles are 180\u00b0. By virtue of this bond angle, alkynes are rod-like. Correspondingly, cyclic alkynes are rare. Benzyne cannot be isolated. The C\u2261C bond distance of 118 picometers (for C2H2) is much shorter than the C=C distance in alkenes (132 pm, for C2H4) or the C\u2013C bond in alkanes (153 pm). The triple bond is very strong with a bond strength of 839 kJ/mol. The sigma bond contributes 369 kJ/mol,\n\nIan Donald (27 December 1910 \u2013 19 June 1987) was an English physician who pioneered the diagnostic use of ultrasound in obstetrics, enabling the visual discovery of abnormalities during pregnancy. Donald was born in Cornwall, England, to a Scottish family of physicians. He was educated in Scotland and South Africa before studying medicine at the University of London in 1930, and became the third generation of doctors in his family. At the start of World War II, Donald was drafted into the Royal Air Force as a medical officer, where he developed an interest in radar and sonar. In 1952, at St Thomas' Hospital, he used what he learned in the RAF to build a respirator for newborn babies with respiratory problems. In 1952 Donald became a reader at Hammersmith Hospital. He developed a device called the Trip Spirometer, which measured the respiratory efficiency of a neonate. In 1953, he\n\nQuestion: What's The Sign of the Beaver?", "output": "The Sign of the Beaver is a children's historical novel by American author Elizabeth George Speare, which has won numerous literary awards."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Single barrel whiskey (or single cask whiskey) is a premium class of whiskey in which each bottle comes from an individual aging barrel, instead of coming from blending together the contents of various barrels to provide uniformity of color and taste. By contrast, some other whiskeys, even ones that are not blends, may be combined from more than one batch, or even from differing years to achieve consistency. The whiskey from each barrel is bottled separately, with each bottle bearing the barrel number and in most cases the dates for the beginning and end of aging. Each barrel is believed to contribute unique characteristics to the finished whiskey. There has been some recent controversy over whether single cask whiskeys are indeed all from single casks. Whiskeys sold by Scottish distilleries such as Ben Nevis and GlenDronach as \"single casks\" have been revealed to be vattings of multiple barrels, which may\n\nThe Solor Archipelago () is a group of islands in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, lying to the east of Flores and to the west of the Alor Strait and the Alor Archipelago. To the north is the west part of the Banda Sea, while to the south across the Savu Sea lies the island of Timor. The largest islands are, from west to east, Solor, Adonara, and Lembata (formerly known as Lomblen), although there are many small islands as well. Administratively, the islands of Solor and Adonara are included within the East Flores Regency, while Lembata (with smaller offshore islands) forms its own regency (kabupaten), the Lembata Regency. Both regencies lie within the province of East Nusa Tenggara. The islands are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, and according to the official estimates for mid 2021, together with the\n\nIn computing, the Two Generals' Problem is a thought experiment meant to illustrate the pitfalls and design challenges of attempting to coordinate an action by communicating over an unreliable link. In the experiment, two generals are only able to communicate with one another by sending a messenger through enemy territory. The experiment asks how they might reach an agreement on the time to launch an attack, while knowing that any messenger they send could be captured. The Two Generals' Problem appears often as an introduction to the more general Byzantine Generals problem in introductory classes about computer networking (particularly with regard to the Transmission Control Protocol, where it shows that TCP can't guarantee state consistency between endpoints and why this is the case), though it applies to any type of two-party communication where failures of communication are possible. A key concept in epistemic logic, this problem highlights the importance of\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Single barrel whiskey is.", "output": "Single barrel whiskey is a premium class of whiskey in which each bottle comes from an individual aging barrel, instead of coming from blending together the contents of various barrels to provide uniformity of color and taste."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Plantation Lullabies is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter and bassist Me'shell Ndeg\u00e9Ocello. It was released by Maverick Records on October 19, 1993, to widespread critical acclaim and has since been viewed as a landmark neo soul record. Music and lyrics Ndeg\u00e9Ocello recorded Plantation Lullabies after being one of the first artists to sign with Madonna's Maverick label. She worked with co-producer and multi-instrumentalist David Gamson on much of the record. Ndeg\u00e9Ocello was also accompanied in the recording sessions by backing players such as saxophonist Joshua Redman and guitarist Wah Wah Watson. Her music incorporated hip hop, funk, soul, and jazz elements; Ndeg\u00e9Ocello was a fan of Prince, Miles Davis, A Tribe Called Quest, Sly Stone, and Parliament. In her songwriting, Ndeg\u00e9Ocello explored themes of sexuality, gender, Black pride, and White racism from a perspective she described as Afrocentric. Reception and legacy Plantation Lullabies received widespread acclaim from contemporary\n\nJaruco is a municipality and town in the Mayabeque Province of Cuba. Geography The town is located in the east of Havana, between San Jos\u00e9 de las Lajas and Santa Cruz del Norte. The municipality borders with Habana del Este (municipal borough of Havana), Santa Cruz del Norte, Madruga and San Jos\u00e9 de las Lajas. The Escaleras (stairs) of Jaruco rise up out of the plains and provide views of the area. The area is protected as a park and is a visiting spot from Havana and the beaches. History Jaruco was founded in 1762 under the name San Juan Bautista de Jaruco (Ciudad Condal de San Juan Bautista de Jaruco). \"Ajaruco\" was the pre-Columbian Ta\u00edno name of the settlement. In 1940, the municipality was divided into the barrios of Arroyo Vuelto, Casiguas, Castilla, Ciudad de Jaruco, Don Mart\u00edn, Escaleras de Jaruco, Bainoa, San Antonio de R\u00edo Blanco del Norte\n\nIn chemistry, an acid\u2013base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base. It can be used to determine pH via titration. Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems; these are called the acid\u2013base theories, for example, Br\u00f8nsted\u2013Lowry acid\u2013base theory. Their importance becomes apparent in analyzing acid\u2013base reactions for gaseous or liquid species, or when acid or base character may be somewhat less apparent. The first of these concepts was provided by the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier, around 1776. It is important to think of the acid\u2013base reaction models as theories that complement each other. For example, the current Lewis model has the broadest definition of what an acid and base are, with the Br\u00f8nsted\u2013Lowry theory being a subset of what acids and bases are, and the Arrhenius theory being the most restrictive. Acid\u2013base definitions Historic\n\nQuestion: What is Plantation Lullabies", "output": "Plantation Lullabies is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter and bassist Me'shell Ndeg\u00e9Ocello."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nu-Flow is the debut studio album by British R&B/hip hop group Big Brovaz, originally released on 4 November 2002. The album features five singles, of which four were UK top-10 singles\u2014the title track \"Nu Flow\", which was a hit across Europe; \"OK\"; \"Favourite Things\" (the highest charting hit from the album) and \"Baby Boy\". The fifth single from the album was \"Ain't What You Do\", which peaked at number 15. The album peaked at number 6 on the UK Albums Chart and has been certified double platinum by the BPI. Track listing Version 1: \"Nu Flow\" \"Find a Way\" \"Taking It Global\" \"Summertime\" \"Gotta Get\" \"OK\" (full version) \"Little Mama\" \"Don't Watch That\" \"Baby Boy\" \"Don't Matter\" \"I Know You're There\" Version 2: \"Nu Flow\" \"Gotta Get\" \"Don't Matter\" \"Baby Boy\" \"Ain't What You Do\" \"OK\" (radio edit) \"I Know You're There\" \"Taking It Global\" \"Summertime\" \"Find a Way\" \"Little\n\nBryan Paul Colangelo (born June 1, 1965) is an American basketball executive who was the former general manager of the Philadelphia 76ers, Toronto Raptors and Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He also served as president of basketball operations for Philadelphia and Toronto. He is the son of Phoenix sports mogul Jerry Colangelo. He graduated from Cornell University with a Bachelor of Science degree in business management and applied economics. He was the 2005 and 2007 recipient of the NBA Executive of the Year Award. Early life Colangelo grew up in Phoenix, Arizona, where his father served as general manager (and eventually owner) of the Phoenix Suns. After graduating from Central High School, Colangelo attended Cornell University, where he played as a guard for the Cornell Big Red men's basketball team. After graduating from Cornell, he moved to New York City, where he worked in real estate. Front\n\nOtmoor or Ot Moor is an area of wetland and wet grassland in Oxfordshire, England, located halfway between Oxford and Bicester. It is about above sea level, and has an area of nearly . It is encircled by the \"Seven Towns\" of Otmoor: Beckley, Noke, Oddington, Charlton-on-Otmoor, Fencott, Murcott and Horton-cum-Studley. Part of it is a nature reserve, RSPB Otmoor, which adjoins a Ministry of Defence firing range, which is part of a Site of Special Scientific Interest. History Bisected north\u2013south by the Roman Road between Alchester and Dorchester-on-Thames, its name is derived from the Old English for \"Otta's Fen\". Enclosure Watered by the River Ray, it was until the early 19th century unenclosed marshland, and regularly flooded in winter. An Enclosure Act was passed in 1815, under which the area was extensively drained. This disadvantaged the local farmers and led to civil disturbances known as the Otmoor Riots of\n\nQuestion: What is Otmoor?", "output": "Otmoor or Ot Moor is an area of wetland and wet grassland in Oxfordshire, England, located halfway between Oxford and Bicester."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Boris Grigoryevich Onishchenko (Russian and , ; also transliterated as Onyshchenko, Onishenko, Onischenko; born 19 September 1937) is a former Soviet modern pentathlete who competed at the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Soviet gold medal team in the 1972 Olympics. From 1967 to 1974, he competed in six World Modern Pentathlon Championships, winning gold five times as an individual or as part of the Soviet squad. He is best known for his disqualification from the 1976 Summer Olympics and subsequent lifetime ban for cheating by means of an illegally modified \u00e9p\u00e9e. Life and career Onishchenko was born in 1937 in a village of Khorol Raion, Poltava Oblast, Ukrainian S.S.R. He was a strong swimmer early on and taught at the Dynamo Sports Club. His first world competition was at the 1967 World Modern Pentathlon Championships where he competed with Stasys \u0160aparnis and Edvard\n\nThe Wishing Game is a psychological suspense novel by British author Patrick Redmond. It was his debut novel and was published in 1999. The novel is set in a boarding school for boys in 1950s Norfolk, England. It deals with bullying, secrets, supernatural phenomena, and homosexuality. It was published in the US as Something Dangerous. Synopsis Jonathan Palmer is a shy teenager at a traditional British boys' boarding school in the 1950s. He has three friends: bookworm Nicholas and twins, Stephen and Michael. Unfortunately, his friends live in a separate dormitory, leaving Jonathan exposed to regular bullying at the hands of sadistic James Wheatley and his cronies Stuart and George. There is only one boy who is not bullied with James Wheatley \u2013 Richard Rokeby. Richard is a loner but has confidence and scathing wit. Jonathan gradually befriends dark and dangerous Richard, who in turn encourages Jonathan to be brave\n\nMeldrum was a multinational heavy metal band formed by ex-Phantom Blue guitarist Michelle Meldrum. History American guitarist Michelle Meldrum started her first band Wargod with Strapping Young Lad drummer Gene Hoglan, later going on to form Phantom Blue, with whom she released two albums and an EP between 1989 and 1993. Meldrum was formed in Sweden in late 1999 with Hasse Sj\u00f6lander on the drums, who was later replaced by Fredrik Haake. They recorded their debut album Loaded Mental Cannon in 2000, but due to trouble with the record company, the album was not released until 2001. Guest musicians included Brian Robertson, Marcel Jacob and John Norum, who was also Michelle's husband. In 2005 they toured for three months with Zakk Wylde's Black Label Society, appearing in sold out venues across the United States and Europe. In the fall of 2005 Meldrum joined Mot\u00f6rhead as special guests on their 30th\n\nQuestion: What is The Wishing Game", "output": "The Wishing Game is a psychological suspense novel by British author Patrick Redmond."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Otis Chandler (November 23, 1927 \u2013 February 27, 2006) was the publisher of the Los Angeles Times between 1960 and 1980, leading a large expansion of the newspaper and its ambitions. He was the fourth and final member of the Chandler family to hold the paper's top position. Chandler made improvement of the paper's quality a top priority, succeeding in raising the product's reputation, as well as its profit margins. \"No publisher in America improved a paper so quickly on so grand a scale, took a paper that was marginal in qualities and brought it to excellence as Otis Chandler did,\" journalist David Halberstam wrote in his history of the company. Family pedigree Chandler's family owned a stake in the newspaper since his great-grandfather Harrison Gray Otis joined the company in 1882, the year after the Los Angeles Daily Times began publication. He was the son of Norman Chandler, his\n\nSylvia Costas-Sipowicz is a fictional character from the American television drama NYPD Blue, in which the character was married to Detective Andy Sipowicz, played by Dennis Franz. She was played by Sharon Lawrence. Storylines The character of Sylvia Costas is an Assistant District Attorney. She begins a relationship with the older and tough Detective Andy Sipowicz, played by Dennis Franz; Costas sees the decent, caring human being underneath Sipowicz's gruff exterior and falls in love with him. She is very supportive of his attempts to stay sober, a determination likely related to the fact that many of her known family members appear to be alcoholics. Meeting Sylvia's Greek family causes Sipowicz to fall off the wagon, sparking a period of strain in their relationship. Sylvia is confident on the job, and is known to wield an acid tongue when cops' procedural errors blow her cases. The character was raped while\n\nEdward Benjamin Ambrose Fenton (7 November 1914 \u2013 12 July 1992) was an English football player and manager. A wing-half, he spent almost his entire playing career at West Ham United and went on to manage the club between 1950 and 1961. Playing career West Ham United A prolific goal scorer as a schoolboy Fenton joined West Ham schoolboys eleven and won an England schoolboys eleven cap against Scotland, at Ibrox Park, in 1929. He made his West Ham debut in 1932 and played regularly until the outbreak of World War II. He joined the Army and served as a PT instructor in North Africa and Burma. Mainly as a wing half, but also as a utility player, Fenton made 179 appearances and scored 19 goals in first class games for the Hammers. He also made 204 appearances and scored 44 goals during World War II fixtures. Managerial career Colchester\n\nQuestion: Define Sylvia Costas.", "output": "Sylvia Costas-Sipowicz is a fictional character from the American television drama NYPD Blue, in which the character was married to Detective Andy Sipowicz, played by Dennis Franz."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Guido Beck (29 August 1903 in Liberec \u2013 21 October 1988 in Rio de Janeiro) was an Argentinian physicist of German Bohemian origin. Biography Beck studied physics in Vienna and received his doctorate in 1925, under Hans Thirring. He worked in Leipzig in 1928 as an assistant to Werner Heisenberg. A combination of the troubled political climate of Europe in the 1930s, his own restlessness, and the Nazi persecutions in Germany, made the Jewish-born Beck a traveler in those years. Until 1935 he worked in Cambridge with Ernest Rutherford, Copenhagen, Prague, United States and Japan. In 1935, Beck was invited to work in the Soviet Union by Head of the Institute of Physics, Odessa University Yelpidifor Anempodistovich Kirillov. At the Odessa University Beck was head of the Department of Theoretical Physics and gave a course of theoretical physics in German; his lectures were simultaneously translated into Ukrainian by his assistant\n\nLungalunga (Lunga Lunga), frequently though ambiguously called Minigir, is spoken by a small number of the Tolai people of Papua New Guinea, who live on the Gazelle Peninsula in East New Britain Province. It is often referred to in the linguistics literature as the Tolai \"dialect\" with an . Classification Lungalunga belongs to the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian language family. The most immediate subgroup is the Patpatar\u2013Tolai group of languages which also includes Kuanua (also spoken on the Gazelle Peninsula) and Patpatar (spoken on New Ireland). A \"Tolai-Nakanai trade language\" reported in the literature was apparently not a pidgin as assumed, but Minigir (Lungalunga) with perhaps some Meramera or Nakanai mixed in. Geographic distribution Lungalunga is spoken on Ataliklikun Bay, in the villages of Lungalunga, Kabaira and Vunamarita, located on the Gazelle Peninsula in the East New Britain Province of Papua New Guinea. Grammar Independent pronouns Lungalunga pronouns have\n\nDrepanophycus is a genus of extinct plants of the division Lycopodiophyta of Early to Late Devonian age (around ), found in Eastern Canada and Northeast US, China, Russia, Egypt and various parts of Northern Europe and Britain. Description Extinct terrestrial vascular plants of the Devonian period. Stem of the order of several mm to several cm in diameter and several cm to a metre long, erect or arched, dichotomizing occasionally, furnished with true roots at the base. Vascular bundle actinostele, tracheids of primitive annular or helical type (so-called G-type). Leaves are unbranched thorn-shaped (i.e. with a wide base, tapering to a blunt point) microphylls several mm long with a single prominent vascular thread, arranged spirally to randomly on the stem. Sporangia borne singly on the upper leaf surface. Drepanophycus has similarities to the genus Halleophyton. It differs from a closely related genus of the same period, Baragwanathia, in the position\n\nQuestion: What is Lungalunga language", "output": "Lungalunga, frequently though ambiguously called Minigir, is spoken by a small number of the Tolai people of Papua New Guinea, who live on the Gazelle Peninsula in East New Britain Province."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Darrel Burton Brewster (September 1, 1930 \u2013 January 3, 2020), known as Pete Brewster, was an American football end, coach, and collegiate football and basketball player. College career Brewster played football and basketball at Portland High School, located in Portland, Indiana. After high school, he went to Purdue University, located in West Lafayette, Indiana, on a basketball scholarship, playing for Ray Eddy. He also played varsity football as a Boilermaker for head coach Stuart Holcomb. . Professional career Brewster was selected in the 2nd round (21st overall) in the 1952 NFL Draft. In his first season with the Cleveland Browns, he filled in on both defense and offense. He became the team's first-string offensive left end during his second season and was the team's second-ranking pass receiver during the 1953 season. He was selected for Pro Bowl honors in 1955 and 1956 at the tight end position. After seven seasons\n\nClan Davidson is a Highland Scottish clan and a member of the Chattan Confederation. History Origins There are several versions of Clan Davidson's origins. According to William Skene, in his Celtic Scotland, Clan Davidson co-founded the Chattan Confederation with Clan MacPherson and are together referred to as Old Clan Chattan. Skene used sources that show the Davidsons to be descended from one of the sons of Gilliecattan Mhor, chief of Clan Chattan in the 11th to 12th century. According to Sir Aeneas Macpherson, John Burk, and William Anderson, the Davidsons are descended from the younger son of Muriach. Muriach (or Murdoch) was parson of Kingussie and became Captain of Clan Chatten on his brother's death. He obtained a dispensation from the Pope in 1173 and married a daughter of the Thane of Cawdor. From this union five sons were born, one of the youngest being David Dow (the black). Burk\n\nThe Man Who Fell to Earth is a 1976 British science fantasy drama film directed by Nicolas Roeg and adapted by Paul Mayersberg. Based on Walter Tevis's 1963 novel of the same name, the film follows an extraterrestrial (Thomas Jerome Newton) who crash lands on Earth seeking a way to ship water to his planet, which is suffering from a severe drought, but finds himself at the mercy of human vices and corruption. It stars David Bowie, Candy Clark, Buck Henry, and Rip Torn. It was produced by Michael Deeley and Barry Spikings. The same novel was later adapted as a television film in 1987. A 2022 television series with the same name serves as a continuation of the film 45 years later, including featuring Newton as a character and showing archival footage from the film. The Man Who Fell to Earth retains a cult following for its use of\n\nQuestion: What's Clan Davidson?", "output": "Clan Davidson is a Highland Scottish clan and a member of the Chattan Confederation."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Cubbon Park, officially Sri Chamarajendra Park, is a landmark park in Bengaluru, located in the heart of the city in the Central Administrative Area. Originally created in 1870 under Major General Richard Sankey, then British Chief Engineer of Mysore State, it covered an area of . Subsequent expansion has since taken place and the park's area is now reported to be . It has a rich recorded history of abundant flora and fauna plantations coupled with numerous impressive and aesthetically located buildings and statues of famous personages, in its precincts. This public park was first named as Meade's Park after Sir John Meade, the acting commissioner of Mysuru in 1870 and subsequently renamed as Cubbon Park after the longest-serving commissioner of the time, Sir Mark Cubbon. To commemorate the Silver Jubilee of Sri Krishnaraja Wodeyar's rule in Mysore State, in 1927, the park was again renamed as Sri. Chamarajendra Park,\n\nThe larger Kvernaland area is an amalgamation of villages in Rogaland county, Norway. The village is located along the north end of the lake Fr\u00f8ylandsvatnet. The village is located in both the municipalities of Klepp and Time (and a very small part extends into Sandnes municipality as well). The eastern part of the village (in Klepp) is also known as Orstad and the western part of the village (in Time) is known as Fr\u00f8yland or simply as Kvernaland. The village of Klepp stasjon lies just southwest of the village on the west side of the lake and the small village of Foss Eikjeland lies just north of the village, along the river Figgjo. The village has a population (2019) of 7,358 which gives the village a population density of . About of the village is located in Klepp and that part has 4,058 residents. There are 3,267 residents in the\n\n\"Jetrel\" is the 15th episode of the first season of Star Trek: Voyager. Neelix has mixed feelings as he encounters a former enemy of his alien race. The story for this television episode was written by James Thomton and Scott Nimerfro, while the teleplay (aka script) was written by Jack Klein, Karen Klein, and Kenneth Biller and it was directed by Kim Friedman. It made its debut on television on May 15, 1995, on UPN. Plot Neelix is aghast when a Haakonian named Dr. Ma'Bor Jetrel contacts Voyager and asks to meet him. The Haakonians fought a long, destructive war against his people, the Talaxians, fifteen years ago. Jetrel was responsible for developing the Metreon Cascade, a superweapon that killed over 300,000 people on Talax's moon Rinax, including Neelix's family. Jetrel says he has come forward to examine Talaxians like Neelix who helped evacuate survivors from Rinax, in the process\n\nQuestion: What's Sri Chamarajendra Udyanavana?", "output": "Cubbon Park, officially Sri Chamarajendra Park, is a landmark park in Bengaluru, located in the heart of the city in the Central Administrative Area."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wei (), known in historiography as Zhai Wei (), was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Dingling people that existed from 388 to 392, during the Sixteen Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Its founder Zhai Liao had previously been vacillating between being a vassal of the Later Yan, Western Yan, and Eastern Jin dynasties, and in 388, after his last overture to reconcile with Later Yan's emperor Murong Chui was rejected, he founded his own dynasty, over the territory of modern central and eastern Henan. In 392, Zhai Wei, then under Zhai Liao's son Zhai Zhao, was destroyed by Later Yan forces. Because of its relatively small size and short lifespan, Zhai Wei is not included by historians among the Sixteen Kingdoms. The rulers of Zhai Wei used the title \"Heavenly King\" (Tian Wang). Rulers of Wei Family tree See also Ethnic groups in Chinese history References 388\n\nThomas Richard Kenyon (born 26 February 1972) is a former Australian politician who represented the South Australian House of Assembly seat of Newland for the Labor Party from the 2006 election until his defeat in 2018. Kenyon left the Labor Party in 2021 to found the Family First Party. Early life Kenyon was raised in Gawler and Adelaide. He was educated at Saint Ignatius College, South Australia and studied Asian Studies at Flinders University. He subsequently completed a Bachelor of Applied Science in Environmental Management at the University of South Australia. After working in a number of positions, including as a jackaroo and union organiser, Kenyon was employed as an advisor to Minister for Mineral Resources and Development Paul Holloway, a position which he held until his election to parliament. Kenyon is linked with the Shop, Distributive and Allied Employees Association (SDA). Parliament Kenyon made his first bid for parliament\n\nThe identity transform is a data transformation that copies the source data into the destination data without change. The identity transformation is considered an essential process in creating a reusable transformation library. By creating a library of variations of the base identity transformation, a variety of data transformation filters can be easily maintained. These filters can be chained together in a format similar to UNIX shell pipes. Examples of recursive transforms The \"copy with recursion\" permits, changing little portions of code, produce entire new and different output, filtering or updating the input. Understanding the \"identity by recursion\" we can understand the filters. Using XSLT The most frequently cited example of the identity transform (for XSLT version 1.0) is the \"copy.xsl\" transform as expressed in XSLT. This transformation uses the xsl:copy command to perform the identity transformation: <xsl:stylesheet version=\"1.0\" xmlns:xsl=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform\"> <xsl:template match=\"@*|node()\"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select=\"@*|node()\"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> This template works\n\nQuestion: Define Identity transform.", "output": "The identity transform is a data transformation that copies the source data into the destination data without change."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Intelligence analysis is the application of individual and collective cognitive methods to weigh data and test hypotheses within a secret socio-cultural context. The descriptions are drawn from what may only be available in the form of deliberately deceptive information; the analyst must correlate the similarities among deceptions and extract a common truth. Although its practice is found in its purest form inside national intelligence agencies, its methods are also applicable in fields such as business intelligence or competitive intelligence. Overview Intelligence analysis is a way of reducing the ambiguity of highly ambiguous situations. Many analysts prefer the middle-of-the-road explanation, rejecting high or low probability explanations. Analysts may use their own standard of proportionality as to the risk acceptance of the opponent, rejecting that the opponent may take an extreme risk to achieve what the analyst regards as a minor gain. The analyst must avoid the special cognitive traps for intelligence\n\nNaursky District (; , Nevran kho\u015ft) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifteen in the Chechen Republic, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the republic. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a stanitsa) of Naurskaya. Population: 51,143 (2002 Census); The population of Naurskaya accounts for 16.5% of the district's total population. History In the second half of the 18th century, the area was settled by the Russian and Ukrainian Cossacks. Several stanitsas were founded. In 1771, after being wounded at the siege of Bender, the future Cossack insurgency leader Yemelyan Pugachev came to live at Ishcherskaya with his family. The modern district was created in 1935 by the order of the Supreme Soviet. It was a part of Stavropol Krai prior to 1944 when it was transferred to newly created Grozny Oblast. After the Chechens were\n\nThe Doodletown Pipers (also known as The New Doodletown Pipers) were a 1960s and 1970s easy listening musical vocal group founded by Ward Ellis, George Wilkins, Bernie Brillstein and Jerry Weintraub. The Doodletown Pipers made numerous appearances on network television (including The Ed Sullivan Show), and worked with such names as Count Basie, The Carpenters, Perry Como, Bing Crosby, Bob Hope, Frank Gorshin, Alan King, Mike Post, Sarah Vaughan, John Wayne, and Rowan & Martin. Members of the group included Mic Bell, Mike Campbell, Jim Gilstrap, Teresa Graves, Augie Johnson, Rod Anderson, Tom McKenzie, Samantha Lessard, and Oren Waters. The Doodletown Pipers are considered by some to be the epitome of bland, squeaky-clean popular music. One critic describes their music paradoxically as \"dull-as-lint\" yet at the same time \"weirdly but undeniably charming.\" On his television program, Roger Miller referred to them as the \"Poodletown Diapers\". History The Doodletown Pipers' first\n\nQuestion: Tell me what The Doodletown Pipers is.", "output": "The Doodletown Pipers were a 1960s and 1970s easy listening musical vocal group founded by Ward Ellis, George Wilkins, Bernie Brillstein and Jerry Weintraub."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hope This Finds You Well is a compilation album by the Pompano Beach, Florida rock band Further Seems Forever, released in 2006 by Tooth & Nail Records. It was released to coincide with the band's final tour, as they had announced that they would break up following tours of the United States and Canada that Spring. The album includes tracks from all three of the band's full-length studio albums: The Moon is Down (2001), How to Start a Fire (2003), and Hide Nothing (2004). As such it includes all three of the band's lead vocalists: Chris Carrabba, Jason Gleason, and Jon Bunch. Its title is taken from a lyric in the song \"Pictures of Shorelines.\" The album also includes several bonus tracks. \"Vengeance Factor\" was the first song the band ever released, having originally appeared on the Deep Elm Records compilation An Ocean of Doubt, and was recorded with original\n\npfSense is a firewall/router computer software distribution based on FreeBSD. The open source pfSense Community Edition (CE) and pfSense Plus is installed on a physical computer or a virtual machine to make a dedicated firewall/router for a network. It can be configured and upgraded through a web-based interface, and requires no knowledge of the underlying FreeBSD system to manage. Overview The pfSense project began in 2004 as a fork of the m0n0wall project by Chris Buechler and Scott Ullrich. Its first release was in October 2006. The name derives from the fact that the software uses the packet-filtering tool, PF. Notable functions of pfSense include traffic shaping, VPNs using IPsec or PPTP, captive portal, stateful firewall, network address translation, 802.1q support for VLANs, and dynamic DNS. pfSense can be installed on hardware with an x86-64 processor architecture. It can also be installed on embedded hardware using Compact Flash or SD\n\nThe House of Tiny Tearaways is a British reality TV show hosted by Claudia Winkleman with child therapist Tanya Byron that was produced by Outline Productions. It ran for four series, broadcast from May 2005 to December 2007, on BBC Three. Laverne Antrobus and Elizabeth Kilbey took over Byron's role for the final series in 2007. The show brings three families experiencing problems into a large, purpose-built house where they are monitored and helped for a week. The show is vaguely similar to programmes such as Big Brother - in that all the rooms have cameras in them and the families are frequently monitored in their activities with the audience shown highlights of a particular day. An American version, filmed at the same location with Byron, was hosted by Karen Duffy in 2006 on TLC. Synopsis Each family stays in the house for six days. The first day is spent\n\nQuestion: What's The House of Tiny Tearaways?", "output": "The House of Tiny Tearaways is a British reality TV show hosted by Claudia Winkleman with child therapist Tanya Byron that was produced by Outline Productions."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "An or simply or is a wooden wand traditionally used in Shinto purification rituals. are decorated with a number of (paper streamers). When the are attached to a hexagonal or octagonal staff, the wand is also known as a . The word Taima also refers to cannabis in the Japanese language. Nusa is an old word for cannabis. The is a type of \u014dnusa. although they are often used in different ways than normal Onusa, usually kept in envelopes. The most common type of Nusa today consists of a sakaki branch or a white wooden stick with a shide or Nusa ramie attached to the end. In Board of Ceremonies' \"Jinja Matsuri Shiki\" (1875), a branch of sakaki is used for the Nusa, and in Yatsuka Seinan's \"Jinja Yushoku Kijitsu\" (1951), Nusa is described as a sakaki branch with only ramie or, in addition, shidare attached, while konusa is made\n\nWalter Joseph De Maria (October 1, 1935July 25, 2013) was an American artist, sculptor, illustrator and composer, who lived and worked in New York City. Walter de Maria's artistic practice is connected with minimal art, conceptual art, and land art of the 1960s. LACMA director Michael Govan said, \"I think he's one of the greatest artists of our time.\" Govan, who worked with De Maria for a number of years, found De Maria's work \"singular, sublime and direct\". Life and career De Maria was born in 1935 in Albany, California. His parents were the proprietors of a local restaurant in Albany and were socially very active, while their son was mostly concentrated on music. Walter De Maria's first academic interest was music\u2014first piano, then percussion. He also took to sports and cars, of which he made drawings. By 1946 he had joined a musicians' union. De Maria studied history and\n\nJames Mario Brovelli (born April 15, 1942) is the former men's basketball head coach of the University of San Francisco (USF) Dons and hall of fame player. Biography As a player Brovelli was a three-year letterman for USF, helping lead the Dons to the NCAA Western Regional in 1963 and 1964. He earned All-WCC honorable mention honors in 1964. Later, he was named the 1965 AAU Athlete of the Year. He became the Dons head coach in 1984. Starting from scratch after USF's self-imposed three-year hiatus stemming from various NCAA recruiting violations incurred during the Quintin Dailey era, Brovelli led the Dons for ten seasons, including a 19-win campaign in 1993. His greatest victory as USF head coach came in 1988 when USF achieved a stunning upset of Digger Phelps and Notre Dame in front of a sellout crowd in USF's Memorial Gymnasium. He finished with 131 career victories at\n\nQuestion: Who was Jim Brovelli?", "output": "James Mario Brovelli is the former men's basketball head coach of the University of San Francisco Dons and hall of fame player."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The theta-criterion (also named \u03b8-criterion) is a constraint on x-bar theory that was first proposed by as a rule within the system of principles of the government and binding theory, called theta-theory (\u03b8-theory). As theta-theory is concerned with the distribution and assignment of theta-roles (a.k.a. thematic roles), the theta-criterion describes the specific match between arguments and theta-roles (\u03b8-roles) in logical form (LF): Being a constraint on x-bar theory, the criterion aims to parse out ill-formed sentences. Thus, if the number or categories of arguments in a sentence does not meet the theta-role assigner's requirement in any given sentence, that sentence will be deemed ungrammatical. . In other words, theta-criterion sorts sentences into grammatical and ungrammatical bins based on c-selection and s-selection. Applied Theta grid A theta-role is a status of thematic relation . In other words, a theta-role describes the connection of meaning between a predicate or a verb and\n\nAbiWord () is a free and open-source software word processor. It is written in C++ and since version 3 it is based on GTK+ 3. The name \"AbiWord\" is derived from the root of the Spanish word \"abierto\", meaning \"open\". AbiWord was originally started by SourceGear Corporation as the first part of a proposed AbiSuite but was adopted by open source developers after SourceGear changed its business focus and ceased development. It now runs on Linux, ReactOS, Solaris, AmigaOS 4.0 (through its Cygwin X11 engine), MeeGo (on the Nokia N9 smartphone), Maemo (on the Nokia N810), QNX and other operating systems. Development of a version for Microsoft Windows has temporarily ended due to lack of maintainers (the latest released versions are 2.8.6 and 2.9.4 beta). The macOS port has remained on version 2.4 since 2005, although the current version does run non-natively on macOS through XQuartz. AbiWord is part of\n\nPotomac Falls High School is a public secondary school in Sterling, Virginia unincorporated area in Loudoun County. The school is part of the Loudoun County Public Schools system. History Potomac Falls High School opened in 1997. It was the first high school built in the county in 21 years, following Park View's opening in 1976. The high school design for Potomac Falls has been used for every new high school built in Loudoun County since then. Stone Bridge opened in 2000 with Potomac Falls' design, but with a larger auditorium and some additional classrooms. Heritage, Dominion, Briar Woods, Freedom, Woodgrove, Tuscarora, John Champe, also all use the same design. The design remained but was updated for Rock Ridge and Riverside. Lawsuits Demmon v. Loudoun County Public Schools, 342 F.Supp.2d 474 (E.D. Va. 2004) \u2013 As a fundraiser, a parent organization offered parents and community members the opportunity to purchase and\n\nQuestion: What's AbiWord?", "output": "AbiWord is a free and open-source software word processor."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mysterious Traveller is the fourth studio album by the jazz and jazz fusion ensemble Weather Report and was released in 1974. This was their final recording with founding bassist Miroslav Vitou\u0161, who left due to creative differences. Vitou\u0161 was replaced by Alphonso Johnson. Another addition to the line-up is drummer Ishmael Wilburn. Greg Errico was the drummer for the tour between the previously released Sweetnighter and this album, but declined an invitation to be a permanent member of the band. The record is the band's first that predominantly uses electric bass and incorporates liberal uses of funk, R&B grooves, and rock that would later be hallmarked as the band's \"signature\" sound. Also, the more restricted compositional format became evident on this album, replacing the more \"open improvisation\" formats used on the first three albums. It was voted as the album of the year by the readers of DownBeat for 1974,\n\nProfessor Jonathan Unger (born 1946) is a journalist and an expert on China. His major works include The Transformation of Rural China and The Nature of Chinese Politics from Mao to Jiang (as editor). Unger is currently conducting research on Chinese state-owned factories. He was editor and co-editor of The China Journal from July 1987 until July 2005. Research interests Social stratification in China; rural Chinese social and economic change; workers and factory life; Chinese nationalism. Key publications Education Under Mao: Class and Competition in Canton Schools, University of Columbia Press, 1982. (co-author) Chen Village Under Mao and Deng, University of California Press, 1992. (ed.) Chinese Nationalism. Armonk, M.E. Sharpe, 1996. The Transformation of Rural China. Armonk, M.E. Sharpe, 2002. Career highlights Academic staff member of the Institute of Development Studies, University of Kansas; University of Washington and Leiden University before coming to Australian National University External links Research School\n\nThe topknot pigeon (Lopholaimus antarcticus) is a pigeon native to eastern Australia. Taxonomy English naturalist George Shaw described the topknot pigeon as Columba antarctica in 1793. The topknot pigeon is sister taxon to a lineage that gave rise to the mountain pigeons (Gymnophaps) of New Guinea, the common ancestor of both diverged from a lineage that gave rise to the kerer\u016b and Chatham pigeon. \"Topknot pigeon\" has been designated the official common name by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC); John Gould noted in 1848 that it had been given this name by the colonists of New South Wales. It is also known by the name of \"flock pigeon\". Description The topknot pigeon is a large predominately slate-grey bird, in length. The back, coverts and upper secondaries are a darker slate-grey with black quills. The primaries are black, the remaining body in a lighter slate-grey in colour. The chest and hind\n\nQuestion: Define Mysterious Traveller.", "output": "Mysterious Traveller is the fourth studio album by the jazz and jazz fusion ensemble Weather Report and was released in 1974."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Plays Duke Ellington is an album by the jazz group the World Saxophone Quartet, released in 1986. The album marked a departure for the quartet, in that their first six albums had been of music written by the four musicians themselves; this was their first venture into jazz standards. Reception In a 5-star review for AllMusic, Scott Yanow wrote: \"Although the tunes... are familiar, the interpretations are certainly unusual, showing respect for the original melodies and then coming up with new directions. This is thought-provoking music that serves as the perfect introduction to the unique World Saxophone Quartet.\" Critic Robert Christgau stated: \"I admire the way the quartet format suggests sonorous magnificence without deploying an embarrassment of riches in its service. Barely touched by deconstructive anarchy, these homages constitute the richest, mellowest music ever recorded by a group whose accomplishment has always been tarnished by a certain theoretical veneer.\" The\n\nWilfred Kipkemboi Bungei (born 24 July 1980) is a Kenyan retired Middle-distance runner, who won the 800 m gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He also won at the World indoor Championships in Moscow 2006 the 800 metres title, defeating Mbulaeni Mulaudzi and Olympic Champion Yuriy Borzakovskiy in the course of the race. Career Bungei was ranked No.1 in the world over 800 m in 2002 and 2003. He has a personal best of 1:42.34 minutes (Rieti 2002). At the 2001 World Championships in Athletics in Edmonton he won a silver medal over 800 m, finishing behind Andr\u00e9 Bucher. While in school, he focused on sprints and decathlon, before concentrating on 800 metres running. He graduated from Samoei High School in 1998. At the 1998 World Junior Championships in Athletics he won a silver medal. Bungei represented his native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens,\n\nMike Golding (born 27 August 1960) is an English yachtsman, born in Great Yarmouth and educated at Reading Blue Coat School. He is one of the few yachtsmen to have raced round the world non stop in both directions. He held the solo record for sailing round the world westabout (the most challenging direction for circumnavigation) between 1994 and 2000. Golding, who was named president of the Little Ship Club in 2017 and is a member of Royal Southampton Yacht Club, is the eponymous co founder of the commercial company Mike Golding Yacht Racing Ltd. His partner in this venture was Jorgen Philip-Sorensen (d.2010). Golding led the team Group 4 to second place in the British Steel Challenge in 1992\u20133. He did one better in the next edition the BT Global Challenge 1996\u20137, taking first place with a new team of amateur sailors, again onboard Group 4. Golding came seventh\n\nQuestion: Define World Saxophone Quartet: Plays Duke Ellington.", "output": "Plays Duke Ellington is an album by the jazz group the World Saxophone Quartet, released in 1986."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Italian Scots () are Scots who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to Scotland during the Italian diaspora, or Italian-born people in Scotland. This term can also refer to people of mixed Scottish and Italian ancestry. A recent Italian voter census estimated that there are 70,000 to 100,000 people in Scotland of Italian descent or Italian nationals, which is up to 1.9% of the overall Scottish population. Latest available figures from the 2011 UK Census show there were 6,048 people born in Italy living in Scotland. This was up from 4,936 in 2001 and 3,947 recorded in 1991. In 2016, Ronnie Convery, secretary of the Italian Scotland charitable organisation and director of communications at the Archdiocese of Glasgow, asserted that a completely new dimension was being added to the Scots-Italians community. He said, \u201cThere has been a brand new migration over the past\n\nHelen Lesley Upperton (born October 31, 1979) is a Canadian bobsledder who has competed since 2002. Upperton was born in Ahmadi, Kuwait as her parents involvement in the oil industry meant they traveled abroad. She holds dual citizenship of both Great Britain and Canada. Upperton won the silver medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics after previously finishing fourth in the two-woman event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. In 2020 Upperton won a Canadian Screen Award for \u201cBest Sports Analyst\u201d for her coverage of the Bobsleigh World Championship event with Mark Lee. She went to high school at Dr. E.P. Scarlett High School and graduated from the University of Texas in Austin with a BSc. Upperton also competed in the FIBT World Championships, earning her best finish of fourth in the two-woman event at Altenberg in 2008. Her best overall Bobsleigh World Cup finish was second in the two-woman\n\nLoricosaurus (meaning \"armour lizard\") is a genus of sauropod represented by a single species. It is a titanosaurian that lived near the end of the Late Cretaceous period, approximately 71 million years ago in the early Maastrichtian. Found in the province of Neuquen, Argentina in the Allen Formation. Due to the presence of armour, at first it was thought that it was an ankylosaur, but today it is considered to be the armour of a titanosaur. Armour The armour of Loricosaurus has caused some controversy. When Huene first described it, he considered it to be from an ankylosaur. Later, it was discovered to not belong to ankylosaurs, but to belong to titanosaurs. Now it is considered to possibly belong to Neuquensaurus or Saltasaurus. Species In 1929 von Huene described Loricosaurus based on some armour osteoderms found in Argentina. The type species, Loricosaurus scutatus, is now considered possibly a synonym of\n\nQuestion: What's Loricosaurus?", "output": "Loricosaurus is a genus of sauropod represented by a single species."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The \u00cele-de-France tramways () is a network of modern tram lines in the \u00cele-de-France region of France. Thirteen lines are currently operational (counting Lines T3a and T3b as separate lines), with extensions and additional lines in both construction and planning stages. Although the system mainly runs in the suburban regions of Paris, lines T3a and T3b run entirely within Paris city limits, while lines T2 and T9 start their routes within Paris' borders. While lines operate independently of each other and are generally unconnected, some connections do exist: between lines T2 and T3a (at the Porte de Versailles station, since 2009), T3a and T3b (at the Porte de Vincennes station, since 2012), T1 and T5 (at the March\u00e9 de Saint-Denis station, since 2013), T1 and T8 (at the Saint-Denis train station, since 2014), T8 and T11 Express (at two stations: Villetaneuse-Universit\u00e9 and \u00c9pinay-sur-Seine, since 2017), T3a and T9 (at the\n\nGeorge Gregoriou was an American political writer and professor of Greek Cypriot origins. Born in Cyprus in 1936 into a nationalistic family; his father was interned by the colonial authorities during the insurrection in 1931. The family emigrated to the United States in 1950 but continued to support Cyprus' struggle for freedom, a link that led Gregoriou to the writing of the books Cyprus: A View from the Diaspora. He worked as a political science professor at the William Paterson University of New Jersey, has written numerous books on the Western geopolitical strategies in the Eastern Mediterranean, particularly the political forces of British colonialism, the Greek and Cyprus events responsible for the events leading to the de facto partition in 1974 and the Anglo-American policies outside and inside the United Nations to legitimize the facts on the ground created by the Turkish occupation of northern Cyprus. Georgiou was highly critical\n\nChuck Berry Is on Top is the third studio album by rock and roll artist Chuck Berry, released in July 1959 on Chess Records, catalogue LP 1435. With the exception of one track, \"Blues for Hawaiians\", all selections had been previously released on 45 rpm singles, several of which were double-sided and charted twice. In his review of the album for AllMusic, Cub Koda described it as \"almost a mini-greatest-hits package in and of itself\" and the most perfectly realized collection of Berry's career. In 2008, Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab reissued the album with St. Louis to Liverpool on an Ultradisc II Gold compact disc. In 2012, Hoodoo reissued the album with One Dozen Berrys on the same CD. Track listing Personnel Chuck Berry \u2013 vocals, guitars Johnnie Johnson, Lafayette Leake \u2013 piano Willie Dixon \u2013 double bass George Smith \u2013 bass Fred Below, Ebbie Hardy, Jaspar Thomas \u2013 drums\n\nQuestion: What is Chuck Berry Is on Top", "output": "Chuck Berry Is on Top is the third studio album by rock and roll artist Chuck Berry, released in July 1959 on Chess Records, catalogue LP 1435."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Zagreb Cathedral, located at Kaptol, Zagreb, is a Roman Catholic cathedral-church. It is the second tallest building in Croatia and also the most monumental sacral building in Gothic style southeast of the Alps. It is dedicated to the Assumption of Mary and to kings Saint Stephen and Saint Ladislaus. The cathedral is typically Gothic, as is its sacristy, which is of great architectural value. Its prominent spires are considered to be landmarks as they are visible from most parts of the city. One of its two spires was damaged in the 2020 Zagreb earthquake. History In 1093 when King Ladislaus I of Hungary (1040-1095) moved the bishop's chair from Sisak to Zagreb, he proclaimed the existing church as a cathedral. Construction on the cathedral started shortly after his death and was finished in 1217 and consecrated by king Andrew II of Hungary. The building was destroyed by the Mongols in\n\nBaya Rahouli (, born July 27, 1979, in Bab El Oued, Algiers) is an Algerian athlete who competes in the triple jump. She is a former African record holder in this event, and has two African championship titles, beating Fran\u00e7oise Mbango Etone and K\u00e9n\u00e9 Ndoye on both occasions. In two editions of the Pan Arab Games she has taken a clean sweep, winning eight gold medals in total. Competition record Personal bests Outdoor 100 metres \u2013 11.51 s (1999) NR 100 metres hurdles \u2013 13.50 s (1998) Long jump \u2013 6.70 m (1999) NR Triple jump \u2013 14.98 m (2005) NR Indoor 60 metres \u2013 7.45 (1999) Triple Jump \u2013 14.31 (2003, 2004) NR External links 1979 births Living people Algerian female triple jumpers Algerian female long jumpers Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field)\n\nAdrienne Adeana Young is an American Charlottesville, Virginia-based singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. She is founder and operator of AddieBelle Music which produces her recordings. History A native of Tallahassee, Florida, in fact a seventh-generation Floridian, she was raised on the land farmed by her family generations earlier. Young grew up in a musical family in Clearwater, where she was a member of the band Big White Undies. She was graduated magna cum laude from Belmont University in Nashville with a music business/Spanish degree. Endless and unfulfilling clerical jobs along Music Row motivated this triple-threat singer, writer, and multi-instrumentalist to start her own record label, Addiebelle Music. She also formed the short-lived band Liters of Pop with Eric McConnell. She learned to play clawhammer-style banjo from Ketch Secor of Old Crow Medicine Show, and set about amassing a catalog of old-time tunes. As she says: Young began gaining attention with her\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Adrienne Young is.", "output": "Adrienne Adeana Young is an American Charlottesville, Virginia-based singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Carl Held (born September 19, 1931), sometimes credited as Karl Held and Christopher Held, is an American actor who has worked extensively in both American and British television. Career Held is best known for his role as Garth in the 1980s soap opera Falcon Crest, which he played for three seasons from 1987 to 1989. During the fourth season (1960\u20131961) of Perry Mason, Held appeared as Bruce Nesbitt in the episode \"The Case of the Angry Dead Man\". Later that season, he appeared as the defendant David Gideon in \"The Case of the Grumbling Grandfather.\" He appeared as Gideon in eight more episodes in the fifth season (1961\u20131962) in a \"legal eagle\" aspiring law student role, assisting Perry in uncovering evidence to aid Mason's clients accused of murder. Five months after the final space launch of Project Mercury in 1963, Held played a solo astronaut in \"The Man Who Was\n\nThe Bombardier Cobra is an articulated, low-floor tram operated by Verkehrsbetriebe Z\u00fcrich (VBZ) of Z\u00fcrich and manufactured by Bombardier Transportation. The Cobra was originally designed by a consortium consisting of the ABB Group, Pininfarina, the Schindler Group and Schweizerische Industrie Gesellschaft (SIG), who built several Cobra prototypes; however, all production Cobras have been manufactured by Bombardier. As the first low-floor tram to operate on the local tram network, the tram originally only ran on a few lines, but is now used on most lines, alongside older and newer tram models. History Initial concept In 1992, a consortium of Swiss rolling stock manufacturers proposed a new design of low-floor articulated tram. The design was targeted for Z\u00fcrich and Basel, but manufacturers hoped other tram operators would be interested. The design of the tram was created by Pininfarina, an Italian coachbuilder. The design is based on short body segments, with four-wheel trucks\n\nChristopher Joseph Sande (born 10 February 1964) is a Kenyan former professional boxer. As an amateur, he won the bronze medal in the Middleweight division at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. He shared the podium with Pakistan's Hussain Shah Syed. Olympic results 1st round bye Defeated Juan Montiel (Uruguay) KO 3 Defeated Paul Kamela (Cameroon) 5\u20130 Defeated Francis Wanyama (Uganda) 5\u20130 Lost to Henry Maske (East Germany) 0\u20135 Professional career Sande turned pro in 1989 and had limited success. He was a journeyman fighter best known for his losses against Robert Allen, Chris Johnson, Tim Littles, Luis Ramon Campas, and Alejandro Garcia. Sande retired in 2001 with a record of 19\u201319\u20132. Professional boxing record |- |align=\"center\" colspan=8|19 Wins (7 knockouts, 12 decisions), 19 Losses (9 knockouts, 10 decision), 2 Draws, 1 No Contest |- | align=\"center\" style=\"border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3\"|Result | align=\"center\" style=\"border-style: none none solid\n\nQuestion: What's Bombardier Cobra?", "output": "The Bombardier Cobra is an articulated, low-floor tram operated by Verkehrsbetriebe Z\u00fcrich of Z\u00fcrich and manufactured by Bombardier Transportation."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Antonio Rocco (1586\u20131653) was an Italian priest and philosophy teacher (he graduated under Cesare Cremonini), and a writer. Ever since 1888 when he was identified as its anonymous author, he is best known for his satirical homosexual text, L'Alcibiade, fanciullo a scola, written in 1630 and published in 1652. The work was immediately suppressed, and only ten copies survived the attempts to destroy the whole print run. The survival of the work led to, in 1862, to its translation and publishing in Italian. Again the work elicited immediate condemnation. It was denounced by the police as a liber spurcissimus (a most filthy book) and largely destroyed. Bibliography In universam philosophiam naturalem Aristotelis paraphrasis textualis exactissima; necnon quaestiones omnes desiderabiles ad mentem Joannis Duns Scoti subtilis, Varisco, Venezia 1623. In Aristotelis Logicam paraphrasis textualis, & quaestiones ad mentem Scoti. Una cum introductione in principio, & tractatu de secundis intentionibus, Varisco, Venezia\n\nRakel Seweriin, n\u00e9e Solberg (26 June 1906 \u2013 17 September 1995) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. She was the Norwegian Minister of Social Affairs from 1953 to 1955. She was born in Hof as a daughter of Casper Fredrik Solberg (1870\u20131932) and Zefra Eliagna Natterstad (1871\u20131949). She grew up in Eidsfoss, where her father managed Eidsfoss Station. Her mother was a hotelier. She commenced her studies in 1926, and took courses as a stenographer in 1927 and 1928. From 1929 she worked as a stenographer, in 1942 she left Norway due to World War II. She and her husband had been active members of the Norwegian resistance movement, among others starting the illegal newspaper Fri Fagbevegelse. She continued her work abroad, as a stenographer for the exiled Norwegian High Command in London. She was also a member of the program council of the exiled part of the\n\nWOON (1240 AM) is Woonsocket, Rhode Island's oldest radio station, having taken to the air on November 11, 1946 as WWON, a callsign it kept until the current WOON became available in 1992. The change in call became effective on February 3, 1992. On June 26, 1949 WWON added a sister station with WWON-FM on 105.5Mc/s. later moving to 106.3Mc/s. That station is now WWKX. WWON was owned by the local newspaper The Woonsocket Call for a time. It is currently owned by O-N Radio, Inc. WOON's programming day consists of almost exclusively locally originating programming with a few exceptions (Cowboy Corner, Old Time Radio, The Cowboy Show, and a few other shows). WOON's format is \"full-service\" meaning it mixes news/talk and music (in WOON's case: oldies & Adult Contemporary among others). Technical parameters WOON operates on 1240 kHz with an unlimited power level of 1,000 watts unlimited hours, diplexing\n\nQuestion: Who is Antonio Rocco?", "output": "Antonio Rocco was an Italian priest and philosophy teacher, and a writer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Scott Derek Severin (born 15 February 1979 in Stirling) is a Scottish former professional footballer. Severin played for Heart of Midlothian, Aberdeen, Watford, Kilmarnock and Dundee United. Severin was club captain of Aberdeen for two seasons. He also made 15 appearances for the Scotland national football team. During his career, Severin played as a defensive midfielder, centre back, right back, striker, and once as a goalkeeper for Hearts. Club career Severin started his career at Heart of Midlothian. He was captain of the youth team that won the Scottish Youth Cup in 1998 under Peter Houston. Severin made his debut as a substitute in Hearts' 3\u20131 victory over Dundee United on 6 April 1999, and his first starting appearance came three weeks later in a 4\u20130 win against Motherwell. Severin started to play regularly for Hearts in the 1999\u20132000 season, making 28 appearances in all competitions and scoring his first\n\nMarie Stillman (n\u00e9e Spartali) (Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03a3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7; 10 March 1844 \u2013 6 March 1927) was a British member of the second generation of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. Of the Pre-Raphaelites, she had one of the longest-running careers, spanning sixty years and producing over one hundred and fifty works. Though her work with the Brotherhood began as a favourite model, she soon trained and became a respected painter, earning praise from Dante Gabriel Rossetti and others. Early life Marie Spartali was the eldest child of Michael Spartali, a wealthy merchant, principal of the firm Spartali & Co and Greek consul-general based in London from 1866 to 1879. He had moved to London around 1828, where he married Euphrosyne Varsini, the daughter of a Greek merchant from Genoa. The family split time between their home at Clapham Common in London and their country home on the Isle of Wight. In the city, Spartali\u2019s\n\nThe La Jolla Handicap is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds over a distance of one and one-sixteenth miles on the turf scheduled annually in August at Del Mar Racetrack in Del Mar, California. The event currently carries a purse of $150,000. History The event is named for the city of La Jolla, California, which is not far from Del Mar. The event was inaugurated on July 11, 1937, as an event for three-year-olds and older and was won by the five-year-old mare Topsy Omar by the shortest of margins defeating the favorite Grey Count in a time of 1:45. The event was not run in 1939 but moved to early February 1940 to Santa Anita as a seven furlong event for four-year-olds and older on the turf. The champion Seabiscuit resumed in this event after a long layoff carrying 128 pounds after injury and was placed\n\nQuestion: Who is Marie Spartali Stillman?", "output": "Marie Stillman was a British member of the second generation of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "John of Vercelli (Giovanni da Vercelli) ( 1205 \u2013 30 November 1283) was the sixth Master General of the Dominican Order (1264-1283). Early life and education John was born in 1205 to the Garbella family in Mosso Santa Maria in the Province of Biella, in the Piedmont region of Italy. He did his initial studies in Paris (one could not graduate in the Arts before the age of 21, and only after a minimum of six years of study), and then studied canon law in Paris, Pavia, and Vercelli before he joined the Dominican friars during the 1240s. The Emperor Frederick II, that stupor mundi and \"malleus Italiae Regionis\", died on December 13, 1250. Pope Innocent IV's exile was over. He left Lyons on April 19, 1251, and arrived in his home town, Genoa, on May 18. From Genoa he began the difficult task of getting back the territories of\n\nHicham Mesbahi (born December 4, 1980) is a boxer from Morocco who participated in three Olympics. He was born in Casablanca. In 2000, when Sydney hosted the Summer Olympics, he fell in the second round. At the 2004 Summer Olympics where he fought for his native North African country he was defeated in the second round of the flyweight (51 kg) division by Poland's Andrzej Rzany. He qualified for the Athens Games by winning the gold medal at the 1st AIBA African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Casablanca, Morocco. In the final of the event he defeated Algeria's Mebarek Soltani. For the 2008 Summer Olympics Mesbahi qualified at bantamweight beating among others Issa Samir even though he lost the final of the qualifier to Abdelhalim Ouradi. References 1980 births Sportspeople from Casablanca Flyweight boxers Olympic boxers for Morocco Living people Boxers at the 2000 Summer Olympics Boxers at the 2004\n\nTo Sleep with Anger is a 1990 American black comedy film written and directed by Charles Burnett. In 2017, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". It had a remastered home media release from the Criterion Collection on February 26, 2019. Plot Gideon and his wife Suzie live in South Central Los Angeles. Harry, a longstanding friend from the South whom they have not seen for many years, makes a surprise visit. The couple are delighted to see him and insist that he stay with them for as long as he wishes. Harry has a charming, down-home manner, but his enigmatic and somewhat amoral presence brings to a crisis trouble simmering in the family\u2014especially as regards the younger son, Samuel or \"Babe Brother\", and his relationships with his parents, wife, and older\n\nQuestion: What is To Sleep with Anger?", "output": "To Sleep with Anger is a 1990 American black comedy film written and directed by Charles Burnett."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jennifer and Kevin McCoy are a Brooklyn, New York-based married couple who make art together, and still continue to make projects together. They work with interactive media, film, performance and installation to explore personal experience in relation with new technology, the mass media, and global commerce with work that is highly influenced through the perspective of Lev Manovich. They often re-examine classic genres and works of cinema, science fiction or television narrative, creating sculptural objects, net art, robotic movies or live performance They have projects that are collection of subcategories. In 2002 they received the Creative Capital Award in the discipline of Emerging Fields. They were awarded a 2011 Guggenheim Fellowship. In 2014, Kevin collaborated with Anil Dash to co-create Monegraph, short for \u201cmonetized graphics\u201d The work \"Quantum\", was included in Sotheby's \"Natively Digital: A Curated NFT Sale\" in June 2021. Artwork In 1999, Jennifer and Kevin McCoy undertook the\n\nRobert Chen () is a Taiwanese-born violinist who is the Concertmaster of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. He received Bachelor's and Master's of Music degrees from the Juilliard School, where he studied with Dorothy DeLay and Masao Kawasaki. Career Born in Taipei, Taiwan in 1969, Chen began studying the violin at the early age of seven. He immigrated with his family three years later to Los Angeles where he studied with Robert Lipsett. Chen advanced very quickly, debuting with the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the age of twelve and participating in the master classes by legendary violinist Jascha Heifetz. Today he is an active musician, working with a number of ensembles and other projects. He has a personally-edited version of the violin part for Johannes Brahms first symphony, available through the online publisher Ovation Press. His activities as a soloist include performances with the Los Angeles Philharmonic, Swedish Radio Orchestra, Asia\n\nVolsk () is a town in Saratov Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volga River, opposite the mouth of the Bolshoy Irgiz (a tributary of the Volga), northeast from Saratov, the administrative center of the oblast. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 66,508. History It was founded in 1699 as the sloboda of Malykovka () and was granted town status and renamed Volgsk () in 1780. In the 19th century, the name gradually changed to a more pronounceable \"Volsk\". After the October Revolution of 1917, Volsk became a major center of cement production. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Volsk serves as the administrative center of Volsky District, even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is, together with the work settlement of Kleny and three rural localities, incorporated separately as the town of oblast\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Volsk is.", "output": "Volsk is a town in Saratov Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Volga River, opposite the mouth of the Bolshoy Irgiz,  northeast from Saratov, the administrative center of the oblast."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wildwood Canyon is a canyon and California state park in the eastern foothills of the San Bernardino Mountains, within San Bernardino County, southern California. It is located near the city of Yucaipa, in the Inland Empire region. It is surrounded by the San Bernardino National Forest on the eastern and northern sides. History The indigenous Cahuilla were traditionally active in the area of Wildwood Canyon, as were the Serrano and Tongva. The area near Yucaipa was known as a crossroads for traveling indigenous people. Historic buildings remain in the park from the 1930s Hi Up House ranch and 1940s Hunt Ranch eras. After a flood threatened developers' housing subdivision plans, the California Department of Parks and Recreation acquired in the canyon. In May 2003 a park dedication ceremony was held at Wildwood Canyon. Wildwood Canyon State Park Wildwood Canyon State Park is currently open only for day use, from sunrise\n\nThe Hollywood Game is a prime time game show hosted by Bob Goen that ran for four weeks on CBS during the summer of 1992. It involved two teams of two contestants each, who answered trivia questions about film and television. The show was taped at CBS Television City's Studio 33 and was the first game show John Cramer announced. The Hollywood Game was the last regularly scheduled game show to air in primetime until the 1996 series Big Deal. Gameplay Round 1 After choosing a category, each team was asked two questions worth $100 and $200, respectively. Each question was preceded by a TV/film clip or a picture. If a team failed to answer correctly, the opposing team had the chance to \"steal\" the question and the money. On the pilot episode, each team's category was determined by stopping a randomizer. Rounds 2 & 3 Both teams competed to\n\nRaul Christiano Machado Cortez (28 August 1932 \u2013 18 July 2006) was a Brazilian stage, television, and film actor, director and producer. Cortez died of pancreatic cancer in 2006, aged 73. Filmography O P\u00e3o Que o Diabo Amassou (1957) The Obsessed of Catule (1965) - Joaquim Cristo de Lama (1966) Case of the Naves Brothers (1967) - Joaquim Naves O Anjo Assassino (1967) - Victor O Homem Que Comprou o Mundo (1968) Desesperato (1968) Capitu (1969) - Escobar Brazil Year 2000 (1969) - Man who protests Tempo de Viol\u00eancia (1969) Toninho on the Rocks (1970, TV Series) Beto Rockfeller (1970) A Arte de Amar Bem (1970) - Ronaldo (segment \"A Inconfid\u00eancia de Ser Esposa\") Roberto Carlos a 300 Quil\u00f4metros por Hora (1971) - Rodolfo A Infidelidade ao Alcance de Todos (1972) - (segment \"Tuba, A\") Vit\u00f3ria Bonelli (1972, TV Series) - Jaime Bonelli Janaina - A Virgem Proibida (1972) -\n\nQuestion: Who is Raul Cortez", "output": "Raul Christiano Machado Cortez was a Brazilian stage, television, and film actor, director and producer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Elford is a village and civil parish in Lichfield District, Staffordshire, England. It is on the east bank of the River Tame, about east of the City of Lichfield and 5 miles north of Tamworth. Origins The village is said to have derived its name from the great number of eels with which the river here formerly abounded. Before the Norman conquest this manor belonged to \u00c6lfg\u0101r, Earl of Mercia. In the reign of Henry III, it was held by William de Arderne, whose descendants continued to enjoy it till the marriage of Maud, sole heiress of Sir John Arderne, with Thomas, second son of Sir John Stanley, of Latham, carried it into that family; thence to the families of Staunton, Smythe and Huddlestone. With the marriage of Sir John Bowes (1530-1608) to Anne Huddleston the manor passed to the Bowes family. In 1683 Craven Howard married Mary Bowes, and\n\nDamian Dame was an American R&B group that was active in the early 1990s. It consisted of Bruce Edward \"Damian\" Broadus (September 13, 1966 \u2013 June 27, 1996) and Debra Jean \"Deah Dame\" Hurd (September 20, 1958 \u2013 June 27, 1994). Career In 1991, Damian Dame became the first act signed to LaFace Records, co-founded by Kenny \"Babyface\" Edmonds, for whom Hurd once sang backing vocals. The duo released their eponymous debut album on May 14, 1991, yielding the singles \"Exclusivity\" and \"Right Down to It,\" which peaked at #1 and #2 respectively on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart as well as #42 and #90 on the Billboard Hot 100 respectively, and \"Gotta Learn My Rhythm.\" Deaths Hurd was killed in a car accident in Atlanta, Georgia, on June 27, 1994; she was 35 years old. Broadus died of colon cancer at the age of 29 on June 27,\n\nWilliam Churton (died December 1767) was an early North Carolina surveyor. Biography He moved to Great Britain's North American colonies in about 1749 as a surveyor and cartographer for the Granville District which included all of North Carolina north of the 35 degree, 34 minute parallel, a strip wide. This line had only been surveyed as far west as the Haw River at that time. The northern boundary, the Virginia line, had been run as far west as the Blue Ridge in present-day Stokes County by 1729. At that date, the entire area was still a part of Bertie County and extended west to the Pacific Ocean, the claims of the Spanish and French notwithstanding. In 1749, William Churton, and Crown lawyer Daniel Weldon, representing the interests of Lord Granville, along with Peter Jefferson and Joshua Fry, representing the interests of the Colony of Virginia, surveyed an additional westward of\n\nQuestion: Define Damian Dame.", "output": "Damian Dame was an American R&B group that was active in the early 1990s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Rockingham County Baseball League is a summer baseball league in Rockingham County, Virginia and neighboring areas. It was founded in 1924, and has included teams from across Rockingham County and up and down the Shenandoah Valley. As of 2023, the league has 8 teams and has a 28-game regular season schedule where every team plays each other 4 times. The first round of the playoffs is the best out of three games, the second round is best out of five games, and the third and final round is best out of seven games. Teams Grottoes Cardinals - Shifflett Field New Market Shockers \u2013 Rebel Park Stuarts Draft Diamondbacks \u2013 The Diamond Club Bridgewater Reds \u2013 Ray Heatwole Field Broadway Bruins \u2013 Broadway High School Clover Hill Bucks \u2013 Buck Bowman Park Montezuma Braves \u2013 Ruritan Park Elkton Blue Sox - Stonewall Memorial Park Championships Clover Hill \u2013 18 Bridgewater\n\nThe lira (plural: lire) was the currency of the Republic of Lucca until 1800 and again of the Duchy of Lucca between 1826 and 1847. It was subdivided into 20 soldi, each of 3 quattrini or 12 denari. History The lira circulated until 1800, when the French franc was introduced, accompanied by the Luccan franc from 1805. After Napoleon's fall, the Luccan State remained without an official currency, using both old francs and Tuscan lira and Tuscan fiorino. The Luccan lira reappeared in 1826 by order of Duke Charles Louis, replacing all circulating currencies. The Luccan lira contained less silver than the Tuscan lira had. Lucca was absorbed by Tuscany in 1847 and the Luccan lira was replaced by the Tuscan fiorino at a rate of 1 fiorino = Tuscan lire = 2 Luccan lire. Coins In 1826, coins were introduced in denominations of q.1, q.2 and q.5, 1, 2,\n\n\"Who shot J.R.?\" is an advertising catchphrase that American network CBS created in 1980 to promote the television series Dallas. It referred to the fictional mystery surrounding a murder attempt against arch-villain J.R. Ewing (Larry Hagman) in the show's third-season finale \"A House Divided\". The mystery and its catchphrase became a global phenomenon, with international odds-makers setting odds for the culprit. The mystery was not resolved until the fourth episode of the fourth season titled \"Who Done It\" which aired eight months later, with an estimated 83 million American viewers tuning in, one of the most watched television broadcasts of all time. The catchphrase has a strong legacy in pop culture and the format helped popularize the cliffhanger ending for television series. Plot In the final scene of the 1979\u201380 season, J.R. Ewing (Larry Hagman) hears a noise outside his office, walks out to the corridor to look, and is\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Rockingham County Baseball League is.", "output": "The Rockingham County Baseball League is a summer baseball league in Rockingham County, Virginia and neighboring areas."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sincan is a municipality and metropolitan district of Ankara Province, Turkey. Its area is 880 km2, and its population is 572,609 (2022). It is a large town 27 km from the city of Ankara. Its elevation is . Sincan has friendly relations with the municipality of Doboj Jug from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sincan District hosts ASO 1. Organize Sanayi B\u00f6lgesi, the biggest Organized Industrial Zone in Ankara, operated by Ankara Chamber of Industry. Demographics Geography Sincan stands on a plain surrounded by hills and watered by the Ankara River, a tributary of the Sakarya River. There is some agriculture and light industry in Sincan, but the majority of people commute to Ankara by rail. The symbol of the municipality is the tulip. The central square is called Lale Meydan\u0131 (Turkish for \"tulip square\"), and every year a tulip festival is held where plastic tulips are handed out in the streets.\n\nWave Action Surf Magazine is a publication about surfing. Background Wave Action Magazine began in a small apartment in Huntington Beach, California through the vision of Mike Freihofer and Pete Rocky. Both surfers had been working at a local Southern California Surf Magazine called International Surf, published by Steve Zeldin (who now publishes Foam and Water magazines). The two, along with friends Tracy Mikulec and Jake Knight came together to create a simple yet important print media business. Wave Action was the first title that emerged from the World Oceans Media brand. September 1993 was the launch with Wave Action Surf Magazine (the late Todd Chesser was on the cover) started with a micro sized budget and support through industry friends. Wave Action eventually spun off four sister publications and graduated from that small garage in HB to a larger one in San Clemente. Years passed and the support behind\n\nThe Adobe LiveCycle Reader Extensions is software that users can use to enable some features, in Acrobat Reader (now Adobe Reader) 5.1 and later on a per-file basis. These are features otherwise found in the full licensed product Adobe Acrobat. For example, Adobe Reader cannot normally save filled in forms or apply digital signatures. If LiveCycle Reader Extensions is purchased with suitable options, it can prepare files that Reader can save or sign. LiveCycle Reader Extensions is sold on a quotation basis, and the price will vary according to the number of forms and end users, on the basis that these are nominally lost sales of Acrobat. The original marketing target was large businesses and government organizations such as the US Internal Revenue Service (who make savable forms available through this technology). Smaller businesses have wished there was a service for enabling single forms at lower cost. Two Adobe partners\n\nQuestion: What's Adobe LiveCycle Reader Extensions?", "output": "The Adobe LiveCycle Reader Extensions is software that users can use to enable some features, in Acrobat Reader 5.1 and later on a per-file basis."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Marviel Underwood (born February 17, 1982) is a former American football safety. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the fourth round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He played college football at San Diego State. Underwood was also a member of the Denver Broncos, Oakland Raiders, and California Redwoods. Early years Underwood attended San Leandro High School in San Leandro, California, where he earned numerous local awards, including All-Hayward Area Athletic League first-team honors as both a running back (1998 and 1999) and cornerback (1999). In his senior year, he rushed for 1,300 yards and 18 touchdowns, had 3 touchdowns on 4 interceptions, and returned 2 kickoffs for touchdowns. His school's rivalry was with Bishop O'Dowd High School. Ironically, linebacker Kirk Morrison attended Bishop O'Dowd. The two would later attend San Diego State. College career At San Diego State, Underwood was named honorable mention All-Mountain West Conference his\n\n\"Fallen Hero\" is the twenty-third aired episode (production #123) of the television series Star Trek: Enterprise. Captain Archer is ordered to transport Vulcan Ambassador V'Lar from a planet where her integrity has been called into question. The episode first aired May 8, 2002, on UPN as a double-bill followed by \"Desert Crossing\". Plot After ten months without a break, Sub-Commander T'Pol notes efficiency on board Enterprise is down, and suggests shore leave on Risa. Captain Archer agrees. En route, Archer receives a transmission from Admiral Forrest, informing him of a Vulcan Ambassador in need of extradition. With the closest Vulcan starship over a week away Enterprise is ordered to retrieve and deliver her to the Vulcan cruiser Sh'Raan. Arriving at Mazar, Archer and T'Pol are surprised to hear the Ambassador has been expelled for abuse of her position. Archer is called to the bridge and speaks to a Mazarite captain\n\nThe Stalingrad Front was a front, a military unit encompassing several armies, of the Soviet Union's Red Army during the Second World War. The name indicated the primary geographical region in which the Front first fought, based on the city of Stalingrad on the Volga River. Formation By order of the Stavka on July 12, 1942, Stalingrad Front was formed, under the command of Marshal S.K. Timoshenko, with N.S. Khrushchev as member of the Military Council and Gen. P.I. Bodin as chief of staff. Ostensibly this was simply a renaming of the now-dissolved Southwestern Front, but in fact was a largely new formation, as the only effective units under its command were the new 62nd, 63rd and 64th Armies, formed from the 7th, 5th and 1st Reserve Armies, respectively. The armies of the former front had been badly battered and partly encircled in the German Operation Wilhelm (June 10\u201315), Operation\n\nQuestion: What's Stalingrad Front?", "output": "The Stalingrad Front was a front, a military unit encompassing several armies, of the Soviet Union's Red Army during the Second World War."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Art of Virtue is the second CD by Nashville, Tennessee-based singer/songwriter Adrienne Young and her band, Little Sadie. Young, a history buff, was inspired by Benjamin Franklin\u2019s \"Thirteen Virtues,\" a copy of which was included with the CD, and distressed by the Republican Party\u2019s efforts to leverage \u201cmoral virtues\u201d during the 2004 presidential election. The anthemic title track, composed with Will Kimbrough, served as a mission statement of sorts for Young, both personally and professionally, and Franklin's influence is apparent right from the opening lines: \"Gonna start a revolution / made of action, not of words / Practicing the art of virtue / A Joyride on the learning curve.\" Based in part on the positive response to her 2004 debut release, Plow to the End of the Row, Young was able to attract many of Nashville\u2019s top session players including members of The Del McCoury Band to play on\n\nThe coat of arms of Vatican City is the coat of arms of adopted by Vatican City's Fundamental Law on 7 June 1929; this coat of arms is defined by law as having the silver key in bend and the gold key in bend sinister. History The Vatican City coats of arms is described in the Annex B of the 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State. Previously, it was described under the heading \"Annex B. Official coat of arms of Vatican City State\", in article 20 of the Fundamental Law of Vatican City State in force since 22 February 2001. This 2001 law repeats the contents of article 19 of the original Fundamental Law of Vatican City State adopted on 7 June 1929. See also Flag of Vatican City Coats of arms of the Holy See Index of Vatican City\u2013related articles References Government of Vatican City Vatican City Vatican\n\nForward Into the Past is a 1976 compilation album by the Firesign Theatre. It presents the \"Greatest Hits\" from their nine Columbia albums and includes two tracks that were previously released only on a single. Track listing Side one \"Station Break\" Released as a single - November 1969 Produced by James William Guercio \"Happy Hour News\" From the album Everything You Know Is Wrong - October 1974 Produced by The Firesign Theatre \"Ralph Spoilsport Motors\" From the album How Can You Be in Two Places at Once When You're Not Anywhere at All - July 1969 Produced by Cyrus Faryar \"Beat The Reaper\" From the album Waiting for the Electrician or Someone Like Him - January 1968 Produced by Gary Usher and The Firesign Theatre \"Let's Eat\" From the album Don't Crush That Dwarf, Hand Me the Pliers - July 1970 Produced by The Firesign Theatre with Bill Driml \"High\n\nQuestion: What's Forward Into the Past?", "output": "Forward Into the Past is a 1976 compilation album by the Firesign Theatre."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Reverend Augustus Shears (25 July 1827 - 25 May 1911) was the sixth and youngest son of Daniel Towers Shears (1784\u20131860), a partner of James Shears and Sons, and Frances Spurrell (1788\u20131834), daughter of John Spurrell of Bessingham, Norfolk. Born in Wimbledon, he was educated at Rugby and St John's College, Cambridge, and in 1851 was ordained a deacon in the Church of England. After serving as Curate of the parishes of Lutterworth, Leicestershire (1851\u20131853), Escrick, Yorkshire (1853\u20131855), and Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire (1855\u20131859), he worked as a missionary in Moulmein, Burma (1859\u20131862), where he set up a school and translated part of the Book of Common Prayer into Burmese. Having returned to England due to ill health, he became Curate of Ardingly, Sussex (1862\u20131864), Heathfield, Sussex (1864\u20131866), Southover, Sussex (1866\u20131868), and then St. Bartholomew's, Chichester, Sussex (1868\u20131873). He then went on to become Vicar of Sileby, Leicestershire (1873\u20131894), and\n\nMurder in E Minor is a 1986 Nero Wolfe novel written by Robert Goldsborough. The action takes place in New York City, primarily New York County, better known as Manhattan. Goldsborough's first Wolfe novel extends a long string of Rex Stout Nero Wolfe stories (both novels and shorter novella-length stories) stretching back 40 years. Goldsborough has adopted Stout's premises very closely and received a Nero Award from The Wolfe Pack for his effort. Characterization is generally successful as Goldsborough's characters are primarily defined by Rex Stout's ideas. Plot summary The final Wolfe book written by Stout, A Family Affair, ends with the disgrace and suicide of one of the Wolfe team. As the new book opens, Wolfe has been in a state of virtual retirement for a while, although a good word from Inspector Cramer has allowed them to remain licensed private investigators in good standing, although inactive. Several of\n\n\u0160tadi\u00f3n Petr\u017ealka (also called (\u0160tadi\u00f3n) za Star\u00fdm mostom) was a football stadium in Bratislava, Slovakia, in the borough of Petr\u017ealka. It is the former home ground of MFK Petr\u017ealka. Demolished in October 2012, The stadium had 9,000 places. History First pitch The first sample football match of Pozsonyi Torna Egyes\u00fclet (PTE) was announced to be played on 25 September 1898, but due to the tragic matters in the Emperors' family (Elisabeth of Bavaria died on 10 September 1898) was postponed to 2 October 1898. The rules of the game were explained to the audience before the match in October. The match was played between members of PTE in both teams at the Ligetfalu highschool playground. There was no regular football pitch in Pressburg at that time, so PTE used the plain terrain to play its home matches in the beginning years. \u0160tadi\u00f3n za Star\u00fdm mostom (PTE stadium) During the extra\n\nQuestion: What is \u0160tadi\u00f3n Petr\u017ealka", "output": "\u0160tadi\u00f3n Petr\u017ealka za Star\u00fdm mostom) was a football stadium in Bratislava, Slovakia, in the borough of Petr\u017ealka."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Joseph Baldwin (October 31, 1827, some sources indicate October 27, 1827 \u2013 January 13, 1899) was an American educator, and called by some the \"father of the normal school system\". Early life Baldwin was born to Joseph and Isabella (n\u00e9e Cairns) in New Castle, Pennsylvania. His lifework has been characterized by a pair of related tensions: between religious zeal and a recognition of the need for teachers well-educated in secular subjects, and between potentially opposed emphases on technical training and the liberal arts in teacher preparation. He founded a series of educational institutions which survive into the present day, each of which still bears some mark of his influence. A story told by his sister relates that, while plowing his father's fields, upon reaching the end of each furrow, he would pick up a book, find where he last left off, read the next paragraph, put the book down, and\n\nAugustin Ndindiliyimana (born April 15, 1943) is a former Rwandan General and Chief of the Rwandan National Gendarmerie. He was convicted of genocide by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda but he was acquitted by the tribunal upon appeal. Background Military service Ndindiliyimana was born in Nyaruhengeri commune in Butare prefecture. He joined the military in 1966 and enrolled in the military academy and following his graduation in 1968 he attended the Royal Higher Institute of Defence in Brussels from 1971 and 1974. When Ndindiliyimana returned, he was assigned to work at the basic training centre in Kanombe and while stationed there he helped establish the Para Commando Battalion in 1975 and served as the unit\u2019s director of intelligence and training. In 1977, he was transferred to the Rwandan Superior Military School (\u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure Militaire), where he taught courses as well as commanding a group of trainees. Subsequently, in 1979\n\nArthur Phillip (11 October 1738 \u2013 31 August 1814) was a British Royal Navy officer who served as the first governor of the Colony of New South Wales. Phillip was educated at Greenwich Hospital School from June 1751 until December 1753. He then became an apprentice on the whaling ship Fortune. With the outbreak of the Seven Years' War against France, Phillip enlisted in the Royal Navy as captain's servant to Michael Everitt aboard . With Everitt, Phillip also served on and . Phillip was promoted to lieutenant on 7 June 1761, before being put on half-pay at the end of hostilities on 25 April 1763. Seconded to the Portuguese Navy in 1774, he served in the war against Spain. Returning to Royal Navy service in 1778, in 1782 Phillip, in command of , was to capture Spanish colonies in South America, but an armistice was concluded before he reached\n\nQuestion: Define Joseph Baldwin.", "output": "Joseph Baldwin was an American educator, and called by some the \"father of the normal school system\"."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Cabauw is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is part of the municipality of Lopik, and lies about 12 km southwest of IJsselstein. Cabauw consists of a small village centre, and a ribbon of farms along the Lopikerwetering canal, between Zevender and Lopik. Cabauw used to be a separate municipality. In 1857, it became a part of the municipality of Willige Langerak, which in its turn was merged into Lopik in 1943. Cabauw is and has long been a catholic enclave within a predominantly Protestant region. History It was first mentioned in 1254 as inden Cabbau, and means dispute. The reason why the land was disputed is unknown. Cabauw is a linear settlement which started as a peat excavation concession. In 1840, it was home to 121 people. The Catholic church was built in 1928. The KNMI-mast Cabauw is a tall meteorological tower from 1972 and is\n\nSteve Nelson Broussard (born February 22, 1967) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Atlanta Falcons, Cincinnati Bengals, and Seattle Seahawks. He has also served as a former assistant coach for several college football teams. College career Born and raised in Los Angeles, and Altadena/Pasadena California, Broussard starred at Manual Arts High School and graduated in 1985. He played college football at Washington State in Pullman, and led the Pac-10 in receiving as a sophomore (1987) and rushing as a junior (1988). In his senior year in 1989, Broussard led the conference in all-purpose yards, was the MVP (offensive), and ranked ninth in the nation in rushing yards per game. He completed his college career ranked third on WSU's all-time rushing list, fifth on the career receiving list, and owned two of the top three single-season rushing\n\nRalph St\u00f6ckli (born 23 July 1976 in Uzwil) is a Swiss curler from Lucerne. St\u00f6ckli began a successful curling career at the junior level, winning a bronze medal at the World Junior Curling Championships as an alternate in 1994. In 1996, he was the Swiss skip and they won a silver medal, losing to James Dryburgh of Scotland. In 1997 St\u00f6ckli won the gold medal defeating Perttu Piilo of Finland in the final. St\u00f6ckli ended his junior career with a bronze in 1998. After a 7th-place finish at the 2002 Ford World Curling Championship, St\u00f6ckli won a silver at the 2003 Ford World Curling Championship- losing to Canada's Randy Ferbey in the final. St\u00f6ckli was the skip of the Swiss team at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. The team finished just out of medal contention with a 5-4 record. St\u00f6ckli was vice on the Swiss team (skipped by\n\nQuestion: Who is Ralph St\u00f6ckli?", "output": "Ralph St\u00f6ckli is a Swiss curler from Lucerne."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Intuitively, an algorithmically random sequence (or random sequence) is a sequence of binary digits that appears random to any algorithm running on a (prefix-free or not) universal Turing machine. The notion can be applied analogously to sequences on any finite alphabet (e.g. decimal digits). Random sequences are key objects of study in algorithmic information theory. As different types of algorithms are sometimes considered, ranging from algorithms with specific bounds on their running time to algorithms which may ask questions of an oracle machine, there are different notions of randomness. The most common of these is known as Martin-L\u00f6f randomness (K-randomness or 1-randomness), but stronger and weaker forms of randomness also exist. When the term \"algorithmically random\" is used to refer to a particular single (finite or infinite) sequence without clarification, it is usually taken to mean \"incompressible\" or, in the case the sequence is infinite and prefix algorithmically random (i.e.,\n\nThe Mudgala Upanishad (, IAST: Mudgala Upani\u1e63ad) is a medieval era Sanskrit text and a major Upanishad of Hinduism. It is classified as a Samanya Upanishad and attached to the Rigveda. The Mudgala Upanishad, along with Subala Upanishad, is one of the two Upanishads that discuss the Purusha Sukta of Rigveda. It is notable for asserting that Narayana (Vishnu) is the Brahman (Highest reality, Supreme being), that he created the universe from a fourth part of himself, then became himself the Atman (soul) in individual living beings. The text asserts that Narayana is Moksha (liberation), representing the state of union between the Atman and the Brahman. The text is notable in that it presents only the first nine verses of the Purusha Sukta, and the absence of last seven verses that describe the creation of living beings and varna (social classes) considered by scholars to be a later addition. Development\n\nMeram is a municipality and district of Konya Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,822 km2, and its population is 348,325 (2022). Meram is one of the central districts of Konya, along with the districts of Karatay and Sel\u00e7uklu. It covers the southwestern part of the agglomeration of Konya and the adjacent countryside. Composition There are 69 neighbourhoods in Meram District: Alakova Alavard\u0131 Ali Ulvi Kurucu Alpaslan A\u015fkan Ate\u015fbaz-i Veli Ayanbey Aydo\u011fdu Aymanas Bah\u00e7e\u015fehir Bayat Boruktolu Botsa Boyal\u0131 \u00c7ar\u0131klar \u00c7ayba\u015f\u0131 \u00c7ay\u0131rba\u011f\u0131 \u00c7omaklar \u00c7omakl\u0131 \u00c7ukur\u00e7imen Dere Durunday Erenkaya Evliyatekke G\u00f6dene Hadimi Harmanc\u0131k Hasan\u015feyh Hat\u0131p Hatunsaray Havzan \u0130kip\u0131nar \u0130nlice Karaa\u011fa\u00e7 Karadi\u011fin Karadi\u011finderesi Karah\u00fcy\u00fck Ka\u015f\u0131nhan\u0131 Kavak Kayadibi Kayal\u0131 Kay\u0131h\u00fcy\u00fck Kilistra K\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6ren Konevi Kovana\u011fz\u0131 K\u00f6y\u00e7e\u011fiz Koza\u011fa\u00e7 Kumral\u0131 Lalebahce Melik\u015fah Osmangazi Pamuk\u00e7u Pirebi Sad\u0131klar Sa\u011fl\u0131k Sahibiata Sar\u0131k\u0131z Sefak\u00f6y Ulu\u011fbey Ulu\u0131rmak Uzunharmanlar Yaka Yata\u011fan Yaylap\u0131nar Yenibah\u00e7e Yeni\u015fehir Ye\u015fildere Ye\u015filtekke Sister cities Meram is twinned with: Akjoujt, Inchiri Region, Mauritania Notable residents Ali Kire\u015f (born 1991), footballer Abd\u00fclkerim\n\nQuestion: What's Mudgala Upanishad?", "output": "The Mudgala Upanishad is a medieval era Sanskrit text and a major Upanishad of Hinduism."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Colonel Simeon Perkins (February 24, 1735 \u2013 May 9, 1812) was a Nova Scotia militia leader, merchant, diarist and politician. Perkins led the defence of Liverpool from attacks during the American Revolution, French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. In the 1770s, Liverpool was the second-largest settlement in Nova Scotia, next to Halifax. He also funded privateer ships in defence of the colony. He wrote a diary for 46 years (1766\u20131812), which is an essential historic document of this time period in Nova Scotian history. His home is now the Perkins House Museum. He was the grandfather of Joshua Newton Perkins. Military career He was lieutenant-colonel of the county militia from 1772 to 1793, he served as colonel commandant from 1793 to 1807. During the American Revolution, he defended the town numerous times from attack by American privateers. There were five raids on the town: October 1776, March 1777, September\n\nThe climatic spa (Luftkurort) of Thalfang is an Ortsgemeinde \u2013 a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality \u2013 in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Thalfang am Erbeskopf. Geography Location The municipality lies in the western Hunsr\u00fcck on the Hunsr\u00fcckh\u00f6henstra\u00dfe (\u201cHunsr\u00fcck Heights Road\u201d, a scenic road across the Hunsr\u00fcck built originally as a military road on Hermann G\u00f6ring\u2019s orders), some 7 km northwest of the Erbeskopf. Thalfang lies roughly 25 km southeast of Wittlich and 25 km east of Trier. Through the municipality flows the Thalfanger Bach. Constituent communities Thalfang\u2019s only outlying Ortsteil is B\u00e4sch. History In 632, Thalfang had its first documentary mention. Beginning in the 12th century, Thalfang belonged to the Mark Dhronecken. On a map of the Archbishopric of Trier from 1645, the village is shown as Thalfinck. Only under French rule was the Mark\n\nHaplogroup W is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. Origin Haplogroup W is believed to have originated around 23,900 years ago in Western Asia. It is descended from the haplogroup N2. Distribution Haplogroup W is found in Europe, Western Asia, and South Asia. It is widely distributed at low frequencies, with a high concentration in Northern Pakistan. Haplogroup W is also found in the Maghreb among Algerians (1.08%-3.23%) and in Siberia among Yakuts (6/423 = 1.42%). Additionally, the clade has been observed among ancient Egyptian mummies excavated at the Abusir el-Meleq archaeological site in Middle Egypt, which date from the Ptolemaic Kingdom. The W5 subclade has been found in a fossil associated with the Star\u010devo culture (L\u00e1nycs\u00f3k site; 1/1 or 100%). Ancient DNA analysis found that the medieval individual Sungir 6 (730-850 cal BP) belonged to the W3a1 subclade. Subclades Tree This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup W subclades is based\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Thalfang is.", "output": "The climatic spa of Thalfang is an Ortsgemeinde \u2013 a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality \u2013 in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Helen Jennifer Denman (born 4 September 1976) is an Australian breaststroke swimmer of the 1990s, who won a silver medal in the 4\u00d7100-metre medley relay at the 1996 Summer Olympics. She won an individual silver medal in the 100-metre breaststroke at the 1998 World Aquatics Championships. Denman qualified for her first international team at the Australian Championships in 1996, after winning the 100-metre breaststroke. At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Denman placed 11th in the 100-metre breaststroke, but fellow Australian Samantha Riley won the bronze medal. This meant that Denman swum the breaststroke leg in the heats of the 4\u00d7100-metre medley relay, before being replaced by Riley in the team that trailed the United States team home in the final. Competing in front of a partisan home crowd at the 1998 World Championships in Perth, Denman set a personal best in winning silver in the 100-metre breaststroke, pushing American\n\nGirvan railway station is a railway station serving the town of Girvan, South Ayrshire, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail, who operate all passenger services from there. It is on the Ayr to Stranraer section of the Glasgow South Western Line and is situated south of . It has two platforms and is the location of one of the five passing loops on the single track line between Dalrymple Junction (south of Ayr) and Stranraer. Immediately south of the station, the line climbs steeply towards Pinmore tunnel \u2013 the climb is known as the Glendoune Bank and has a ruling gradient of 1 in 54. History The station was opened on 5 October 1877 by the Girvan and Portpatrick Junction Railway and was known as Girvan New, replacing the Girvan (Old) terminus station of the Maybole and Girvan Railway situated nearby. The station closed on 7 February 1882, reopened\n\nA dot blot (or slot blot) is a technique in molecular biology used to detect proteins. It represents a simplification of the western blot method, with the exception that the proteins to be detected are not first separated by electrophoresis. Instead, the sample is applied directly on a membrane in a single spot, and the blotting procedure is performed. The technique offers significant savings in time, as chromatography or gel electrophoresis, and the complex blotting procedures for the gel are not required. However, it offers no information on the size of the target protein. Uses Performing a dot blot is similar in idea to performing a western blot, with the advantage of faster speed and lower cost. Dot blots are also performed to screen the binding capabilities of an antibody. Methods A general dot blot protocol involves spotting 1\u20132 microliters of a samples onto a nitrocellulose or PVDF membrane and\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Girvan railway station is.", "output": "Girvan railway station is a railway station serving the town of Girvan, South Ayrshire, Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nematanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae. All of its species are endemic to Brazil. Compared to other gesneriads, Nematanthus has leaves that are small, succulent, and hard-surfaced. The plant has a trailing, branching, and spreading habit; it is generally an epiphyte in nature and a hanging-basket plant in cultivation. The flower has fused petals. In some species, the flower has a \"pouch\" at the bottom. The fancied resemblance of such flowers to a goldfish gives these plants the common name goldfish plant or guppy plant. Hummingbirds will often feed from the nectar-filled \"goldfish\" flowers. Description Nematanthus species are perennials or subshrubs, typically growing epiphytically, less often in humus-filled pockets on rocks. Their leaves are often reddish underneath. Their flowers have fused petals and vary quite widely in shape. Some have flowers with a \"pouch\" on the lower surface of the flower and a small opening\n\nSialkot International Airport is situated 14 km (8.7 mi) west of Sialkot in the Sialkot District of Pakistan. It has the distinction of being the first privately owned airport in Pakistan. It was built by the business community of Sialkot. Before the completion of the new green field Islamabad International Airport, it also had the longest runway in Pakistan. Approximately 1,000,000 travellers from Sialkot and adjacent areas are expected to benefit from this international airport each year. Structure Sialkot is a major export hub of Pakistan. The airport is being upgraded to make it capable of accommodating the load of ten Boeing 747s or A340s. The airport authority is currently collaborating with a private company to develop the airport to meet international standards and already has developed a new runway so heavier aircraft can land. Additionally, a new terminal is currently under construction to deal with an increase in passengers\n\nThe Pitman School District is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Pitman, in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2021\u201322 school year, the district, comprised of five schools, had an enrollment of 1,134 students and 118.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student\u2013teacher ratio of 9.5:1. The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group \"FG\", the fourth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J. Reconfiguration Due to a loss of state aid the Board of Education announced in April 2023 a reconfiguration plan for the school district. Beginning with the 2023-2024 school year the Pitman Schools\n\nQuestion: What is Pitman School District", "output": "The Pitman School District is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Pitman, in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Cytotrophoblast\" is the name given to both the inner layer of the trophoblast (also called layer of Langhans) or the cells that live there. It is interior to the syncytiotrophoblast and external to the wall of the blastocyst in a developing embryo. The cytotrophoblast is considered to be the trophoblastic stem cell because the layer surrounding the blastocyst remains while daughter cells differentiate and proliferate to function in multiple roles. There are two lineages that cytotrophoblastic cells may differentiate through: fusion and invasive. The fusion lineage yields syncytiotrophoblast and the invasive lineage yields interstitial cytotrophoblast cells. Cytotrophoblastic cells play an important role in the implantation of an embryo in the uterus. Fusion lineage The formation of all syncytiotrophoblast is from the fusion of two or more cytotrophoblasts via this fusion pathway. This pathway is important because the syncytiotrophoblast plays an important role in fetal-maternal gas exchange, nutrient exchange, and immunological\n\nTU Dortmund University () is a technical university in Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany with over 35,000 students, and over 6,000 staff including 300 professors, offering around 80 Bachelor's and master's degree programs. It is situated in the Ruhr area, the fourth largest urban area in Europe. The university pioneered the Internet in Germany, and contributed to machine learning (in particular, to support-vector machines, and RapidMiner). History The University of Dortmund (German: Universit\u00e4t Dortmund) was founded in 1968, during the decline of the coal and steel industry in the Ruhr region. Its establishment was seen as an important move in the economic change (Strukturwandel) from heavy industry to technology. The university's main areas of research are the natural sciences, engineering, pedagogy/teacher training in a wide spectrum of subjects, special education, and journalism. The University of Dortmund was originally designed to be a technical university, but in 1980, it merged with the\n\nGhazi Stadium (; ) is a multi-purpose stadium located in eastern Kabul, Afghanistan, which is mainly used for association football matches. It is sometimes called by other names such as the Afghan Football Federation Stadium. It was built during the reign of King Amanullah Khan in 1923, who is regarded as Ghazi (Hero) for the Afghan victory in the Third Anglo-Afghan War and gaining independence for his nation after the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919. The stadium has capacity to house 25,000 people after the installation of seats. The Ghazi Stadium was renovated in 2011 after the entire ground was removed and replaced with new soil and artificial turf placed on top. The stadium now holds bigger sporting events. Events The first international match played inside Ghazi Stadium was a football (soccer) match between Afghanistan and Iran on January 1, 1941, the game was a draw with neither team scoring. In\n\nQuestion: What is Technical University of Dortmund?", "output": "TU Dortmund University is a technical university in Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany with over 35,000 students, and over 6,000 staff including 300 professors, offering around 80 Bachelor's and master's degree programs."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tsotsitaal is a vernacular derived from a variety of mixed languages mainly spoken in the townships of Gauteng province (such as Soweto), but also in other agglomerations all over South Africa. Tsotsi is a Sesotho, Pedi or Tswana slang word for a \"thug\" or \"robber\" or \"criminal\", possibly from the verb \"ho lotsa\" \"to sharpen\", whose meaning has been modified in modern times to include \"to con\"; or from the tsetse fly, as the language was first known as Flytaal, although flaai also means \"cool\" or \"street smart\". The word taal in Afrikaans means \"language\". A tsotsitaal is built over the grammar of one or several languages, in which terms from other languages or specific terms created by the community of speakers are added. It is a permanent work of language-mix, language-switch, and terms-coining. History The tsotsitaal phenomenon originates with one variety known as Flaaitaal or Flytaal, and then Tsotsitaal,\n\nwas a Japanese comedian and film actor, and leader of the comedy group The Drifters. His nickname was . Life and career 1931\u20131962: Childhood and early career Ch\u014dsuke Ikariya was born with the name on November 1, 1931, in Tokyo, Japan. During the war his family moved from their home in Sumida, Tokyo to the countryside in Shizuoka. There he took up a job as a factory worker as a young man. He also took up playing the double bass, a hint at his performer nature. He got rather good, too, performing in brass bands until he got a regular job with the \"Jimmie Tokita & His Mountain Playboys.\" It was a band that specialised in playing at G.I. bases at the time and had guitarist Takeshi Terauchi. However, during that time in his life he was one of the tallest members of the band, so he stood out. The\n\nIlana Berger (; born 1965) is a Mexican-born Israeli professional tennis player and Olympian. Berger reached her highest individual ranking on the WTA Tour on 10 August 1992, when she became # 149 in the world. On 25 November 1991, she peaked at world number 153 in the doubles rankings. Biography Berger was born on 31 December 1965, in Mexico City, Mexico. She started playing tennis at the age of 7. Tennis career In the late 1980s, after serving for two years in the Israel Defense Forces, Berger became a professional tennis player. She won 7 singles titles in the ITF Women's Circuit. Berger won 12 Maccabiah Games medals during her career, including gold, a few of them as a \"veteran\" while playing Mixed Doubles with Shlomo Glickstein. At the 1989 Maccabiah Games she beat American Andrea Berger to win a gold medal in women's singles. Berger was elected as\n\nQuestion: Who is Ilana Berger", "output": "Ilana Berger is a Mexican-born Israeli professional tennis player and Olympian."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tm is an abbreviation for anionic tridentate ligand based on three imidazole-2-thioketone groups bonded to a borohydride center. They are examples of scorpionate ligands. Various ligands in this family are known, differing in what substituents are on the imidazoles. The most common is TmMe, which has a methyl group on the nitrogen. It is easily prepared by the reaction of molten methimazole (1-methylimidazole-2-thione) with sodium borohydride, giving the sodium salt of the ligand. Salts of the TmMe anion are known also for lithium and potassium. Other alkyl- and aryl-group variations are likewise named TmR according to those groups. Ligand characteristics, comparison with Tp\u2212 The TmMe anion is a tridentate, tripodal ligand topologically similar to the more common Tp ligands, but the two classes of ligands differ in several ways. TmMe has three \"soft\" sulfur donor atoms, whereas Tp\u2212 has three nitrogen donor atoms. The thioamide sulfur is highly basic, as\n\nCoalinga State Hospital (CSH) is a state mental hospital in Coalinga, California. The facility opened on September 5, 2005; it was the first state hospital to be constructed in California in more than 50 years. It is a maximum security facility built to ensure that sexually violent predators are kept separate from the community. Currently, the facility houses 941 individuals alleged to be sexually violent predators and 294 mentally disordered offenders. The facility also houses 50 mentally ill prisoners from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR); however, the California Department of State Hospitals designates CSH as a civil commitment facility only. CSH also houses two inmates deemed not guilty by reason of insanity and one individual under the Lanterman-Petris-Short Act. Intake and occupancy In California, all prisoners convicted of sexual assault or child sexual abuse are flagged and reviewed six months prior to parole. The law in California\n\nThe Database of Recorded American Music (DRAM) is an online resource providing streaming media access to about 9,000 musical works from 15 record labels, along with their liner notes, album art, and other related materials. All materials are keyword-searchable using any number of criteria, including composer, performer, date of publication, Library of Congress Classification and label of origin. DRAM facilitates the use of music in research for students and faculty across 90 campuses and gives scholarship philosophical priority in its approach to both collection development and intellectual property. The database began as a project of New World Records, Inc. a not-for-profit recording label which has successfully maintained a very precise and distinctive mission for more than thirty years: to actively document and disseminate the work of American composers, selected solely based on artistic merit. Neglected by the commercial recording industry, whose primary motivation is to minimize risk to the profit\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Tm ligands is.", "output": "Tm is an abbreviation for anionic tridentate ligand based on three imidazole-2-thioketone groups bonded to a borohydride center."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hafez Ibrahim (, ; 1871\u20131932) was a well known Egyptian poet of the early 20th century. He was dubbed the \"Poet of the Nile\", and sometimes the \"Poet of the People\", for his political commitment to the poor. His poetry took on the concerns of the majority of ordinary Egyptians, including women\u2019s rights, poverty, education, as well as his criticism of the British Empire and foreign occupation. He was one of several Egyptian poets who revived Classical Arabic poetry during the latter half of the 19th century. While still using the classical Arabic system of meter and rhyme, these poets wrote to express new ideas and feelings unknown to the classical poets. Hafez is noted for writing poems on political and social commentar. Early life Hafez was born in 1872 in Dayrut, in Egypt. His father was an Egyptian engineer and his mother was Turkish. After his father\u2019s death, at\n\nAndrew \"Smokey\" Hogg (January 27, 1914 \u2013 May 1, 1960) was an American post-war Texas blues and country blues musician. Life and career Hogg was born near Westconnie, Texas, and grew up on a farm. He was taught to play the guitar by his father, Frank Hogg. While still in his teens he teamed up with the slide guitarist and vocalist B. K. Turner, also known as Black Ace, and the pair travelled together, playing a circuit of turpentine and logging camps, country dance halls and juke joints around Kilgore, Tyler, Greenville and Palestine, in East Texas. In 1937, Decca Records brought Hogg and Black Ace to Chicago to record. Hogg's first record, \"Family Trouble Blues\" backed with \"Kind Hearted Blues\", was released under the name of Andrew Hogg. It was an isolated occurrence \u2014 he did not make it back into a recording studio for over a decade. By\n\nWYAI (93.7 FM) is a listener-supported, non-commercial Christian worship radio station licensed to Scotia, New York, and serving the Capital District and Mohawk Valley. The station is owned by Educational Media Foundation and broadcasts at 1,250 watts effective radiated power from a location near Rotterdam Junction, New York. The station is an owned-and-operated station (O&O) of EMF's Air1 network. Corinth history The history of WYAI dates back to December 1981, when 93.5 signed on in Corinth as country station WSCG. WSCG was a live 24-hour-a-day operation throughout the 1980s, that ran into financial difficulties in the early 1990s. In early 1991, WSCG left the air, returning under new ownership in the summer of 1991, as beautiful music station WZZM. WZZM encountered financial problems of its own by early 1993, and left the air itself. It returned to the air, during the summer of 1993, as an Oldies station. It abruptly\n\nQuestion: What is WYAI", "output": "WYAI is a listener-supported, non-commercial Christian worship radio station licensed to Scotia, New York, and serving the Capital District and Mohawk Valley."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Radio Tonga (also known by call letters A3Z) is Tonga's main commercial radio station, founded in 1961 by Queen Salote Tupou III, and operating as a service of the Tonga Broadcasting Commission (TBC). Its slogan is \"The Call of the Friendly Islands\". Radio Tonga currently broadcasts services on three separate frequencies. Radio Tonga 1 The most far-reaching of all Radio Tonga's services, this channel broadcasts daily from 6am to midnight, on a frequency of 1017 kHz. This is the only service of TBC that has been in operation since TBC's inception in 1961; its test broadcasts started on 13 March, while the official opening was on July 4. It features local, Pacific & international news, as well as Tongan music, and overseas retro music, mostly from the 1970s & 1980s. Several local church organisations and businesses have weekly programs, and, though it is government-owned and funded, a significant source of\n\nMoscow Leningradsky railway terminal (, Leningradsky vokzal) also known as Moscow Passazhirskaya station () is the oldest of Moscow's nine railway terminals. Situated on Komsomolskaya Square, the station serves north-western directions, notably Saint Petersburg. International services from the station include Tallinn, Estonia, operated by GoRail, and Helsinki, Finland. It is the only Moscow railway terminal operated by October Railway rather than Moscow Railway. History The station was constructed between 1844 and 1851 to an eclectic design by Konstantin Thon as the terminus of the Moscow-Saint Petersburg Railway, a pet project of Emperor Nicholas I. Regular connection was opened in 1851. Initially it was known as Peterburgsky (i.e., St Petersburg station). Upon the Emperor's death five years later, the station was named Nikolayevsky (and the railway Nikolayevskaya) after him and retained this name until 1924, when the Bolsheviks renamed it Oktyabrsky terminal (and the corresponding railway to October railway), to commemorate\n\nStill Not Black Enough is the sixth studio album by American heavy metal band W.A.S.P., first released in June 1995 in Japan and the UK. It was not released in the U.S. until August 1996 through Castle Records. Still Not Black Enough was originally slated for release as a Blackie Lawless solo album, but due to the heavy content, Lawless changed his mind and decided to release it as a W.A.S.P. album. This had also been the case for the previous album, The Crimson Idol. Still Not Black Enough is considered somewhat a successor to The Crimson Idol, bearing a strong resemblance with its lyrical themes. However, instead of telling the story of the fictional character Jonathan, this album is mostly a collection of personal songs from Blackie Lawless, including issues involving the death of his mother and personal crises just after the world tour for The Crimson Idol. Track\n\nQuestion: Define Moscow Leningradsky railway station.", "output": "Moscow Leningradsky railway terminal also known as Moscow Passazhirskaya station is the oldest of Moscow's nine railway terminals."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Vysokaye (; ; ; ) is a town in Brest Region, Belarus. The westernmost point of Belarus is located a few kilometers to the southwest from Vysokaye on the Bug River. As of 2023, it has a population of 4,843. The town has a railway station on the Brest line. Etymology Vysokaye means \"high\" (same as ), as in Wysokie Litewskie (Lithuanian Heights). That was also its name before 1940, when it belonged to Poland. It is about 15 kilometers from Polish border and majority of its citizens are Belarusians. History Within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vysokaye was part of Brest Litovsk Voivodeship. In 1795, Vysokaye was acquired by the Russian Empire as a result of the Third Partition of Poland. From 1921 until 1939, Vysokaye (Wysokie Litewskie) was part of the Second Polish Republic. In September 1939, Vysokaye was occupied by the Red Army and, on 14 November\n\nEverything That Rises Must Converge is a collection of short stories written by Flannery O'Connor during the final decade of her life. The collection's eponymous story derives its name from the work of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. The collection was published posthumously in 1965 and contains an introduction by Robert Fitzgerald. Of the volume's nine stories, seven had been printed in magazines or literary journals prior to being collected, including three that won O. Henry Awards: \"Greenleaf\" (1957), \"Everything That Rises Must Converge\" (1963), and \"Revelation\" (1965). \"Judgment Day\" is a dramatically reworked version of \"The Geranium\", which was one of O'Connor's earliest publications and appeared in her graduate thesis at the University of Iowa. \"Parker's Back\", the collection's only completely new story, was a last-minute addition. Short story contents \"Everything That Rises Must Converge\" \"Greenleaf\" \"A View of the Woods\" \"The Enduring Chill\" \"The Comforts of Home\" \"The Lame\n\nCaesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC \u2013 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the founder of the Roman Empire; he reigned as the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. The reign of Augustus initiated an imperial cult as well as an era associated with imperial peace, the Pax Romana or Pax Augusta, in which the Roman world was largely free of armed conflict aside from expansionary wars and the Year of the Four Emperors. The Principate system of imperial rule established by Augustus lasted until the Crisis of the Third Century. Gaius Octavius was born into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian gens Octavia. His maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC, and Octavius was named in Caesar's will as his adopted son and heir; as a result, he inherited Caesar's name, estate,\n\nQuestion: What is Everything That Rises Must Converge?", "output": "Everything That Rises Must Converge is a collection of short stories written by Flannery O'Connor during the final decade of her life."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Secret of the Golden Flower () is a Chinese Taoist book on neidan (inner alchemy) meditation, which also mixes Buddhist teachings with some Confucian thoughts. It was written by means of the spirit-writing (fuji) technique, through two groups, in 1688 and 1692. After publication of the translation by Richard Wilhelm, with commentary by Carl Gustav Jung, it became modernly popularized among Westerners as a Chinese \"religious classic\", and is read in psychological circles for analytical and transpersonal psychology considerations of Taoist meditations, although it received little attention in the East. History Origins Studies by Monica Esposito and Mori Yuria, provide documentary evidence that the book was produced by the spirit-writing (fuji) groups of two altars devoted to the deified L\u00fc Dongbin: Bailong jingshe (\"Pure Assembly of the White Dragon\", \u767d\u9f8d\u7cbe\u820d), and a branch of Gu hongmei ge (\"Old Red Plum Hall\", \u53e4\u7d05\u6885\u95a3) in Piling. Members of both refer to\n\nCucurbita moschata is a species originating in either Central America or northern South America. It includes cultivars known as squash or pumpkin. C. moschata cultivars are generally more tolerant of hot, humid weather than cultivars of C. maxima or C. pepo. They also generally display a greater resistance to disease and insects, especially to the squash vine borer. Commercially made pumpkin pie mix is most often made from varieties of C. moschata. The ancestral species of the genus Cucurbita were present in the Americas before the arrival of humans. Evolutionarily speaking the genus is relatively recent in origin as no species within the genus is genetically isolated from all the other species. C. moschata acts as the genetic bridge within the genus and is closest to the genus' progenitor. All species of squashes and pumpkins are native to the Western Hemisphere. C. moschata, represented by such varieties as Cushaw and\n\nThe Dave Andreychuk Mountain Arena & Skating Centre is a recreation complex in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It includes a figure skating rink and a 2,500-seat ice hockey arena. Originally it was built in 1966, known as the Mountain Arena until it was renovated in 2005 and renamed in honour of Dave Andreychuk, a former ice hockey player from Hamilton. Tenants On two brief occasions, the arena was home to Hamilton teams in the Ontario Hockey League, the Fincups (1977\u20131978) and the Steelhawks (1984\u20131985). From 1973 to 2015 it was home to Hamilton Red Wings of the Ontario Junior Hockey League and is the home of the Hamilton Jr. B Bengals lacrosse. Currently the senior Hamilton Steelhawks and Jr. B Hamilton Kilty B's play out of the arena. External links The OHL Arena & Travel Guide - Mountain Arena Indoor arenas in Ontario Indoor ice hockey venues in Canada Ontario Hockey\n\nQuestion: What's Cucurbita moschata?", "output": "Cucurbita moschata is a species originating in either Central America or northern South America."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Judaberg is a village in Stavanger Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The village is located on the eastern shore of the island of Finn\u00f8y. The island is located on the south side of the Boknafjorden, northeast of the large city of Stavanger. The village has a population (2019) of 850 and a population density of . Judaberg is the commercial centre of the municipality with several small industries as well as shopping. The Rygjab\u00f8 upper secondary school, the only high school in Finn\u00f8y is located here. The newspaper \u00d8yposten has been published in Judaberg since 1999. Judaberg is a transportation hub of the island municipality with several ferry routes connecting to all the surrounding islands such as Ombo, Sjernar\u00f8yane, Halsn\u00f8ya, and Fogn as well as to the village of Nedstrand on the mainland. There is also high speed ferry service to the city of Stavanger. Judaberg is connected to the\n\nNeha Ahuja (born September 27, 1981) is an Indian alpine skier who represented India in the 2006 Winter Olympics held in Torino, Italy. Ahuja was also the flag bearer in the opening and closing ceremonies. She has achieved several milestones in skiing for India. She is the first Indian woman to have qualified for the Winter Olympics. She is also the first woman to qualify for both the slalom and giant slalom events in the Olympics. Ahuja was one of four Indians competing at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. She placed 51st in the slalom (SL) and 42nd in the giant slalom (GS) events. Her older sister Shefali Ahuja represented India in the 3rd Winter Asian games held in Harbin, China, and her younger sister Swati Ahuja participated in the fourth season of MTV Roadies. Early life Ahuja was born in New Delhi to Anita Ahuja (n\u00e9e Wadhwa) and\n\nSonsbeck is a municipality in the district of Wesel, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately 20 km west of Wesel, and 25 km south-east of Cleves as well as 8 km from the historic city of Xanten. It is one of North Rhine-Westphalia's wealthiest municipalities. History Antiquity A watchtower was constructed on the Balberg by the Romans for protection of the road between Castra Vetera (near modern Xanten) and Blerick (Netherlands). The area around Sonsbeck was settled by the Germanic Cugernii tribe. Middle Ages The watchtower of the Romans was later reconstructed as a keep for the Dukes of Cleves. The remaining round tower (c. 1417) is called \"R\u00f6merturm\" (Roman tower) today, in reference to its early history. In close proximity to the watchtower, the first settlement Suangochesboch emerged. The name of the settlement has two possible origins; the first from Latin \"sus\" (= pig) and the second\n\nQuestion: What is Judaberg?", "output": "Judaberg is a village in Stavanger Municipality in Rogaland county, Norway."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Scott Robert Thorman (born January 6, 1982) is a Canadian former first baseman and current coach who is the minor league field coordinator for the Kansas City Royals. In 2022, he was manager of the Omaha Storm Chasers, the Triple-A affiliate of the Royals. He was previously manager of the Northwest Arkansas Naturals, the Royals' Double-A affiliate. Managing the Royals\u2019 former Advanced-A affiliate Wilmington Blue Rocks in 2019, he won the Mills Cup Championship. Thorman was drafted in the first round, 30th overall in the 2000 Major League Baseball draft by the Atlanta Braves. Thorman played for Canada in the inaugural 2006 World Baseball Classic and Thorman also played in the 2009 World Baseball Classic. Professional career Atlanta Braves Thorman steadily rose through the Braves organization, finishing the 2005 season with their Triple-A team, the Richmond Braves. Thorman made his major league debut on June 18, . Thorman's first major\n\nEddie Frierson is an American voice actor and writer. He has provided voices for such films as Wreck-It Ralph, Hotel Transylvania, The Princess and the Frog, ParaNorman, Curious George, Tangled the video games Medal of Honor: Airborne and Sengoku Basara: Samurai Heroes and the animated television series M\u00c4R: M\u00e4rchen Awakens Romance. On the stage, he played Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Christy Mathewson in the one-man show Matty: An Evening with Christy Mathewson. Life and career Originally from Nashville, Tennessee, Frierson has been doing voicework for many anime series and movies since the 1980s, and has also been a voice actor for two of Saban Entertainment's most well-known shows - the Power Rangers franchise and VR Troopers. While during his tenure in the Saban shows, he only did voicework for one-shot characters in the earlier years, he was able to play a major role in 2001's Power Rangers Time Force\n\nThe Reform Club of Hong Kong was one of the oldest political organisations in Hong Kong, existing from 1949 until the mid-1990s. Established by expatriates who were concerned about the Young Plan proposed by Governor Mark Aitchison Young in 1949, the Reform Club was the first semi-political party to contest in the Urban Council elections, with its longtime chairman Brook Bernacchi serving on the Council for about forty years. It demanded expansion of the power of the Urban Council and elected representatives in the Legislative Council for years. Together with the Hong Kong Civic Association, they were the closest to opposition parties in Hong Kong active in the municipal electoral politics during the post-war colonial period. With the expansion of the franchise in the 1980s, the Reform Club gradually declined and was replaced by the more energetic political groups. The Club ceased to function after its chairman Bernacchi retired from\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Reform Club of Hong Kong is.", "output": "The Reform Club of Hong Kong was one of the oldest political organisations in Hong Kong, existing from 1949 until the mid-1990s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Marc Joseph Habscheid (born March 1, 1963) is a Canadian ice hockey coach and former National Hockey League player. Habscheid is the former head coach of the Prince Albert Raiders of the Western Hockey League. He was drafted in the sixth round, 113th Overall in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft by the Edmonton Oilers. He played 345 games in the NHL over parts of 10 seasons, amassing 72 goals and 163 points. Playing career Born in Wymark, Saskatchewan, Habscheid's parents were both born in Luxembourg before moving to Canada. Habscheid played three seasons with the Western Hockey League's Saskatoon Blades before turning pro. This included the 1981\u201382 campaign where Habscheid had 151 points, second only to Bruce Eakin in team scoring. He also played in the 1982 World Junior Hockey Championship, leading Canada to its first ever gold medal at the tournament. That season he played 7 games with the\n\n\"One Slip\" is a song from Pink Floyd's 1987 album A Momentary Lapse of Reason. Composition The album gets its title from a line of this song's lyrics. The song was co-written by David Gilmour and Roxy Music guitarist Phil Manzanera, who later co-produced Gilmour's On an Island album and played rhythm guitar on the subsequent tour. Release It was first released as the B-side to \"Learning to Fly\". It was then re-released as the third single from the album in the UK where it was a minor hit and was the fourth single from the album in the US where it did well on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. \"One Slip (2019 remix)\" from the box set, The Later Years 1987\u20132019 was released as a single on 24 October 2019 on Spotify and 25 October 2019 on YouTube and iTunes. The song contains newly recorded drums by Nick\n\nBlackridge is a community in eastern Allegheny County and is a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. This community consists of approximately 650 private homes built from 1920 to 1949. Blackridge Estates was and remains one of the area's largest residential communities. Blackridge lies in the municipalities of Wilkinsburg, Penn Hills and Churchill. It maintains a Civic Association and a private park and swim club for residents. Blackridge is defined as the territory bounded on the West by Graham Boulevard, on the South by William Penn Highway, on the East by Beulah Road and the Churchill Country Club property, from the Churchill Country Club property along Orlando Place to Atkinson Place, Atkinson Place to Pine Way, and Pine Way to Graham Boulevard, and includes the properties fronting on both sides of said portions of Country Club Drive, Orlando Place, Atkinson Place and Pine Way. The Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation\n\nQuestion: Define Blackridge, Pennsylvania.", "output": "Blackridge is a community in eastern Allegheny County and is a suburb of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Three Days of Rain is a play by Richard Greenberg that was commissioned and produced by South Coast Repertory in 1997. The title comes from a line from W. S. Merwin's poem, \"For the Anniversary of My Death\" (1967). The play has often been called Stoppardian but Greenberg says he wasn't aware of Stoppard's work before he wrote the play but instead claims 1967 BBC series The Forsyte Saga was a much greater influence. Three Days of Rain was nominated for the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Plot Walker and his sister Nan meet in an unoccupied studio in lower Manhattan in 1995. Walker, who had disappeared the day after his father's funeral, now months later is living in this apartment where his father Ned Janeway and business partner, Theo Wexler, once lived and worked designing the famous \"Janeway House\". Walker has found their father's journal and attempts to use\n\nD\u017eemal Bijedi\u0107 (, ; 12 April 1917 \u2013 18 January 1977) was a Bosnian and Yugoslav politician who served as Prime Minister of Yugoslavia from July 1971 until his death in a plane crash in January 1977. He additionally served as Secretary of the Interior from July to December 1971. Bijedi\u0107 was also President of the People's Assembly of SR Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1967 to 1971. Early life and education Bijedi\u0107 was born on 12 April 1917 in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina (then part of Austria-Hungary) to Adem and Zarifa from the prominent Bosniak merchant family of Bajramaga Bijedi\u0107, who had moved from Gacko to Mostar in 1915. D\u017eemal was barely one year old when his father Adem died of the Spanish flu in 1919; his mother Zafira and uncle Be\u0107ir took care of the family in the 1920s. Bijedi\u0107 finished his elementary and secondary education in Mostar, and\n\nFreedom of the press in the United States is legally protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. History Thirteen Colonies In the Thirteen Colonies before the signing of the Declaration of Independence, the newspapers and the works produced by printing presses in general was subject to a series of regulations. British authorities attempted to prohibit the publication and circulation of information of which they did not approve, and often levied charges of sedition and libel as a means of controlling printing presses. One of the earliest cases concerning freedom of the press occurred in 1734. In a libel case against The New York Weekly Journal publisher John Peter Zenger by British governor William Cosby, Zenger was acquitted and the publication continued until 1751. At that time, there were only two newspapers in New York City and the second was not critical of Cosby's government. U.S. Constitution The\n\nQuestion: Who was D\u017eemal Bijedi\u0107?", "output": "D\u017eemal Bijedi\u0107 was a Bosnian and Yugoslav politician who served as Prime Minister of Yugoslavia from July 1971 until his death in a plane crash in January 1977."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": ", formerly known as , is a Japanese manga magazine published by Kodansha. It was originally conceived as a , or companion magazine, to Sh\u014djo Friend, which is no longer published. Bessatsu Friend is commonly known by the abbreviated name and is published on the 13th of each month. The magazine originally featured manga focused on romance; however, with the start of publications by manga artists like Keiko Suenobu, it began publishing such that moved away from that main focus. publishes manga by many well known manga artists, such as Miwa Ueda, Satomi Ikezawa, Ayu Watanabe, Fuyumi Soryo, Nanba Atsuko, and Keiko Suenobu. In October 2005, a manga serialized in Bessatsu Friend titled Flower of Eden was pulled from publication and recalled by both Kodansha and North American publisher Tokyopop, after it was revealed that the manga artist, Yuki Suetsugu, had copied art directly from Slam Dunk and Real by\n\nLagny-sur-Marne (, literally Lagny on Marne) is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located in the Seine-et-Marne department in the \u00cele-de-France from the centre of Paris (20 minutes away from the centre of Paris). The commune of Lagny-sur-Marne is part of the Val de Bussy sector, one of the four sectors in the \"new town\" of Marne-la-Vall\u00e9e. History From 644, Lagny-sur-Marne was the site of Lagny Abbey, a monastery founded that year, and after its destruction by the Normans refounded about 990. The monastery was seized by the state at the French Revolution and its buildings are used since 1842 as the offices of the municipality. During the Middle Ages Lagny-sur-Marne was one of the most popular places for tourneys in Northern France. In November 1179 a notable tournament was held by Louis VII of France in honour of the coronation of his son. In\n\nCountry Is My Rock is the debut studio album of American country music artist Trent Tomlinson. It was released on March 7, 2006 (see 2006 in country music) on Lyric Street Records. The album produced three chart singles on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts between 2005 and 2007: \"Drunker Than Me\" (No. 19), \"One Wing in the Fire\" (No. 11), and \"Just Might Have Her Radio On\" (No. 21). Tomlinson co-produced the album with Leigh Reynolds and \"Hillbilly\". Track listing Personnel Mike Brignardello \u2013 bass guitar Jim \"Moose\" Brown \u2013 keyboards Chad Cromwell \u2013 drums Eric Darken \u2013 percussion Chip Davis \u2013 background vocals Paul Franklin \u2013 pedal steel guitar Mike \"Frog\" Griffith \u2013 production coordinator Rob Hajacos \u2013 fiddle Wes Hightower \u2013 background vocals \"Hillbilly\" \u2013 producer Dennis Holt \u2013 drums Troy Lancaster \u2013 electric guitar Greg Lawrence \u2013 assistant producer Chris Leuzinger \u2013 acoustic guitar Mike Logan\n\nQuestion: What is Country Is My Rock", "output": "Country Is My Rock is the debut studio album of American country music artist Trent Tomlinson."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The father\u2013son rule is a rule that allows clubs preferential recruiting access to the sons of players who have made a major past contribution to the club in Australian rules football, most notably in the Australian Football League. The rule was first established in 1949, and there have been more than ten amendments, most recently the refining of the draft bidding process in 2015. History The father\u2013son rule was established during the 1949 season, allowing a player to be recruited by the club his father had played for, despite being residentially zoned to another club. The first player officially cleared under the father\u2013son rule was Harvey Dunn Jr, who was recruited to his father's old club, Carlton, in 1951, instead of being zoned to North Melbourne. The original rule is thought to have originally come into place as a result of successful lobbying by the Melbourne Football Club, which had\n\nChristine \"Chrissie\" Williams (also Levy) is a fictional character from the BBC medical drama Holby City, played by Tina Hobley. She first appeared in the third series episode \"The Road Less Travelled\", broadcast on 5 June 2001. Hobley decided to leave Holby City and Chrissie's final appearance occurred in the sixteenth series episode \"Merry-Go-Round\", which was broadcast on 19 November 2013. Development Chrissie first appeared in the final episode of the third series of Holby City. The episode was titled \"The Road Less Travelled\" and was originally broadcast on 5 June 2001. Executive producer Mal Young approached Hobley about the possibility of joining Holby City and she stated her interest. Young created the role especially for Hobley because he thought a \"bitchy\" role was suited to her. Chrissie was also created to replace the vacant Ward Sister role following the departure of Julie Fitzjohn (Nicola Stephenson). Chrissie is introduced via\n\nQueen Bian (; personal name unknown) was an empress of the Xianbei-led Chinese Western Qin dynasty. Her husband was Qifu Gangui (King Wuyuan). Shortly after Qifu Gangui became king in 388, after the death of his brother, the founding king Qifu Guoren (King Xuanlie), he created her empress. Qifu Guoren was not mentioned as having created an empress, but could have. At that point, she was already described of as his wife. However, nothing more is known about her, including whether she was the mother of his eventual successor, his son Qifu Chipan (King Wenzhao). In 394, Qifu Gangui, in a political marriage, married the sister of the Former Qin emperor Fu Deng, the Empress Dongping, as queen, although presumably Empress Fu was deposed and Empress Bian restored after Former Qin's destruction by Later Qin later in 394, for after Qifu Gangui lost his state but restored it in 409,\n\nQuestion: What is Father\u2013son rule", "output": "The father\u2013son rule is a rule that allows clubs preferential recruiting access to the sons of players who have made a major past contribution to the club in Australian rules football, most notably in the Australian Football League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Kaska (also Ka\u0161ka, later Tabalian Kasku and Gasga) were a loosely affiliated Bronze Age non-Indo-European tribal people, who spoke the unclassified Kaskian language and lived in mountainous East Pontic Anatolia, known from Hittite sources. They lived in the mountainous region between the core Hittite region in eastern Anatolia and the Black Sea, and are cited as the reason that the later Hittite Empire never extended northward to that area. They are sometimes identified with the Caucones known from Greek records. History The Kaska, probably originating from the eastern shore of the Propontis, may have displaced the speakers of the Palaic language from their home in Pala. The Kaska first appear in the Hittite prayer inscriptions that date from the reign of Hantili II, c. 1450 BC, and make references to their movement into the ruins of the holy city of Nerik. During the reign of Hantili's son, Tudhaliya II\n\nThe Honda VTX series is a line of V-twin Honda cruiser motorcycles inspired by the Zodia concept shown at the 1995 Tokyo Motor Show. The Honda VTX 1800 was launched in 1999 as a 2000 model. At the time this bike was introduced the Honda VTX engine was the largest displacement production V-twin in the world, but that distinction would be short-lived as the VTX1800 was superseded in 2004 by the 2.0-litre Kawasaki Vulcan 2000. Nevertheless, the VTX 1800 still produced better 0-60 mph and 1/4 mile times. VTX stands for V-Twin Extreme. The VTX1300 line was introduced for the 2003 model year, which evolved into the VT1300C line starting with the 2010 model year. In addition to the 52\u00b0 V-twin layout, commonalities for the 1800 and 1300 powertrains include: radiator with cooling fan; cylinder heads with two intake valves and a single, larger, exhaust valve; rocker arms with screw-and-locknut\n\nwas a Japanese video game developer and publisher founded in 1983. The company produced games for a number of platforms, including home consoles, portable consoles, and personal computers. Human declared bankruptcy in 2000 and disbanded. Its former members went on to form new companies including Nude Maker, Sandlot, Spike, and Grasshopper Manufacture. The company is known for originating the popular Fire Pro Wrestling series, as well as other sports games such as Formation Soccer and Final Match Tennis, and racing video games such as Human Grand Prix and Fastest 1. They are also known for developing the first music rhythm video game, Dance Aerobics (1987), the 3D open world game Mizzurna Falls (1998), and some early horror games including the Twilight Syndrome and Clock Tower series. History On November 1, 1999, Human Corporation began to negotiate restructure with Tokyo Hachi\u014dji district court over the approximately 4 billion yen outstanding debt.\n\nQuestion: What is Human Entertainment", "output": "was a Japanese video game developer and publisher founded in 1983."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mantric is a Norwegian progressive metal band from Oslo that formed in 2007. Background When the last remaining founding members of Extol, vocalist Peter Espevoll and drummer David Husvik, decided to end the band in 2007, the remaining members, John Mjaaland, Tor Glidje, Ole Sveen, who had previously played together in Lengsel and Ganglion, decided to continue the already in-progress songwriting process and change the name of the band to Mantric. Husvik was also a part of the first lineup, but eventually left. The band was signed to Prosthetic Records and released their debut album, The Descent in 2010. The album has received generally positive reviews including 8 out of 10 scores from both Metal Hammer and Decibel. Mantric has since played a handful of shows and festivals in Europe and are currently demoing material for their next album. In 2015, the band released a new song and announced two\n\nSnawdoun Herald of Arms in Ordinary is a current Scottish herald of arms in Ordinary of the Court of the Lord Lyon. The office was first mentioned in 1443 and the title is derived from a part of Stirling Castle which bore the same name. The previous Snawdoun Herald of Arms to serve retired in 1883. The office was last held by Elizabeth A. Roads, former Lyon Clerk and Keeper of the Records for the Court of the Lord Lyon in Edinburgh. She was appointed to this post on the 17 December 2010, and retired in 2021. The badge of office is Issuant from battlements Proper a unicorn\u2019s head erased Argent, horned and crined and grasping in his mouth the sword Excalibur Or all ensigned of the Crown of Scotland Proper. The granting of this badge completed the devising of badges for all the ordinary and regularly used extraordinary officer\n\nByrrhoidea is a superfamily of beetles belonging to Elateriformia that includes several families which are either aquatic or associated with a semi-aquatic habitat. Other than the superfamily Hydrophiloidea, most of the remaining Polyphagan beetles which are aquatic are in this superfamily. Description Adults of many Byrrhoidea have exocone eyes (with expanded corneal lens). The anterior edge of the scutellar shield is often abruptly elevated (except in Psephenidae and Cneoglossidae). A variety of byrrhoids have the first three abdominal ventrites solidly fused together. Larvae of most Limnichidae have one pair of anal hooks on the tenth abdominal segment, while Cneoglossidae and Ptilodactylidae have three or more hooks on each side of this segment. Larvae of Lutrochidae and Elmidae, as well as the limnichid genus Hyphalus, have anal gill tufts. Almost all byrrhoid larvae have anterior abdominal spiracles that are biforous (or bilabiate) in shape. The degree of wing development varies among\n\nQuestion: Define Mantric.", "output": "Mantric is a Norwegian progressive metal band from Oslo that formed in 2007."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The DOSKY Awards are presented annually for achievements in Slovak theatre. The awards were founded in 1996. The winners are selected by vote by theatre critics. Recent winners in the principal categories have been as follows. Best Actress 1996 \u2013 Diana M\u00f3rov\u00e1 for Rosalind in As You Like It 1997 \u2013 Zuzana Kronerov\u00e1 for Mother in Mother 1998 \u2013 Zora Kol\u00ednska for Akulina in Sc\u00e9ny z Domu Bessemenovcov - Me\u0161tiaci 1999 \u2013 Adela G\u00e1borov\u00e1 for Lady Macbeth in Macbeth 2000 \u2013 Em\u00edlia V\u00e1\u0161\u00e1ryov\u00e1 for The Old Woman in The Chairs 2001 \u2013 Anna \u0160i\u0161kov\u00e1 for Celia in Ve\u010dierok 2002 \u2013 Em\u00edlia V\u00e1\u0161\u00e1ryov\u00e1 for Maria Callas in The Master Class 2003 \u2013 Anna \u0160i\u0161kov\u00e1 for The Young Woman in Bash 2004 \u2013 Em\u00edlia V\u00e1\u0161\u00e1ryov\u00e1 for Stevie in The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia? 2005 \u2013 Ingrid Timkov\u00e1 for Kr\u00e1\u013eovn\u00e1 noci in Ignorant a \u0161ialenec 2006 \u2013 T\u00e1\u0148a Pauhofov\u00e1 for Manon in\n\nFelice Casorati (December 4, 1883 \u2013 March 1, 1963) was an Italian painter, sculptor, and printmaker. The paintings for which he is most noted include figure compositions, portraits and still lifes, which are often distinguished by unusual perspective effects. Life and work Casorati was born in Novara. He showed an early passion for music, but abandoned his study of piano after a serious illness, and became interested in art. To please his mother he studied law at the University of Padua until 1906, but his ambition to be a painter was confirmed in 1907 when a painting of his was shown in the Venice Biennale. The works he produced in the early years of his career were naturalistic in style, but after 1910 the influence of the symbolists and particularly of Gustav Klimt turned him toward a more visionary approach. In 1915 he had a solo exhibition at the Rome\n\nAiden was an American horror punk band from Seattle, Washington that formed in the spring of 2003. They achieved underground success during the mid to late 2000s with their classic lineup, featuring vocalist William Francis, guitarists Angel Ibarra and Jake Wambold, bassist Nick Wiggins, and drummer Jake Davison. History Early years and Our Gangs Dark Oath (2003\u20132004) The band formed in 2003 and is named after the character Aidan Keller of the 2002 film The Ring (\"Dude, that kid's just spooky,\" Francis said of the character whose name is actually spelled Aidan). Their first full-length album Our Gangs Dark Oath, was released on Dead Teenager Records in 2004. It was recorded while Jake Davison and Angel Ibarra were still in high school and released shortly after they had left. Nightmare Anatomy (2005\u20132006) Later in 2005, the band was signed to Victory Records. Their second album and debut for Victory Records\n\nQuestion: What's Aiden?", "output": "Aiden was an American horror punk band from Seattle, Washington that formed in the spring of 2003."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ennio Quirino Visconti (November 1, 1751 \u2013 February 7, 1818) was a Roman politician, antiquarian, and art historian, papal Prefect of Antiquities, and the leading expert of his day in the field of ancient Roman sculpture. His son, Pietro Ercole Visconti, edited Versi di Ennio Quirino Visconti, raccolti per cura di Pietro Visconti while Louis Visconti became a noted architect in France. His brother, Filippo Aurelio Visconti (died 1830) was also a classical scholar, who published the Museo Chiaramonti, a successor to the Museo Pio-Clementino. Biography Born in Rome, he was the son of Giovanni Battista Antonio Visconti, the curator of Pope Clement XIV, who reorganised and restored the papal collection of antiquities, as the Museo Pio-Clementino. Appointed by Pope Pius VI to succeed his father in the position, the brilliant and precocious Visconti took up his father's position as conservator of the Capitoline Museums in Rome in 1787. He\n\nKandel () is a town in the Germersheim district of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, near the border with France and approximately 18 km north-west of Karlsruhe, and 15 km south-east of Landau. Kandel is twinned with the small Lancashire town of Whitworth. Kandel is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde (\"collective municipality\") Kandel. Coat of arms meaning Star: Celestial goodness, noble person, leadership, excellence. Sword: Justice and military honour. Sky-Blue (Azure): Truth and loyalty. Notable inhabitants The following overview contains notable people associated with Kandel. The list does not claim to be complete. Honorary citizens 1980: Maria Wiesheu (Sister Himeria), a member of the Order of the Sisters of the Divine Redeemer, a province of Palatinate, Esthal, a long time active as a nurse in Kandel 1991: Oskar B\u00f6hm (\u2020 2001), 1955-1989 Mayor of the city of Kandel, 1972-1981 Mayor of the Association of Kandel Sons and daughters of the city Franz Michael\n\nBridgeton railway station serves the Bridgeton district of Glasgow, Scotland and is a station on the Argyle Line, south east of . The station is operated by ScotRail who also provide all train services. History Called Bridgeton Cross Station, it opened on 1 November 1895 when the line between Glasgow Green and Rutherglen was opened by the Glasgow Central Railway. The station became a junction with the opening of the line to Carmyle and on 1 February 1897. Westbound services ran to Stobcross, from where they could proceed to via , and points north via the connection to the Stobcross Railway or on to the Lanarkshire and Dunbartonshire Railway to Dumbarton and Balloch Central via Partick Central & Dalmuir Riverside. In 1956 the line was re-signalled with colour light signals controlled from the re-equipped signal boxes at Bridgeton Cross Junction and Stobcross Junction. However, the station was closed along with\n\nQuestion: What is Bridgeton railway station?", "output": "Bridgeton railway station serves the Bridgeton district of Glasgow, Scotland and is a station on the Argyle Line,  south east of ."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Allan James Asher is an Australian lawyer, consumer advocate and campaigner. Early life, education and personal life Asher was born in Sydney on 16 February 1951, one of eight children. He grew up in the western suburbs of Sydney at Eastern Creek. He attended Eastern Creek Primary School and later Rooty Hill High School. After completing high school Asher attended Sydney Technical College (now Ultimo TAFE) to re-do his Higher School Certificate. He studied economics and accounting at the University of New South Wales, and then law at Sydney University. In 2012 Asher took up a post as a Visitor at the Australian National University, Canberra. Early career Asher's first job was as an audit clerk at an accounting firm. From 1974 to 1984, Asher was a Senior Executive with the Australian Consumers Association (ACA). In 1984, Asher became the Director of Corporate Affairs with the Overseas Telecommunications Commission (OTC).\n\nVeni Domine was a Christian progressive doom metal band founded in Sollentuna, Sweden in 1987. The band split up on 20 September 2014. Veni Domine combined down-tempo melodic heavy metal, symphonic metal and doom metal with occasional touches of gothic metal. The band does not clearly fit into a specific category; according to the band, in doom metal festivals they are labeled as \"power metal\" and in power metal events as \"doom metal\". During the early years, the band's lyrics dealt with apocalyptic themes from biblical point of view. Later, their lyrics was more about personal topics. Originally, vocalist Fredrik Ohlsson represented operatic, high-pitched vocals but has since shifted to more lower vocal range during the years. Fall Babylon Fall and Material Sanctuary are the band's significant, acclaimed albums. During the time when these albums were released, Veni Domine was well known in the metal scene. However, as their later\n\nKhwarazmshah was an ancient title used regularly by the rulers of the Central Asian region of Khwarazm starting from the Late Antiquity until the advent of the Mongols in the early 13th-century, after which it was used infrequently. There were a total of four families who ruled as Khwarazmshahs\u2014the Afrighids (305\u2013995), Ma'munids (995\u20131017), the line of Altuntash (1017\u20131041), and the most prominent ones, the Anushteginids (1097\u20131231). Like other contemporary Central Asian titles, such as Afshin and Ikhshid, the title of Khwarazmshah is of Iranian origin. History Afrighids Most of Afrighid history is recorded by the Khwarazmian scholar al-Biruni (died 1050), whose reliability has been questioned. According to the latter, the Afrighids were founded by Afrig in 305, succeeding the semi-legendary line of the Siyavushids, founded by the Iranian king Kay Khosrow. However, extensive Soviet archeological findings demonstrate that al-Biruni was in reality not well-acquainted with pre-Islamic Khwarazmian history. Coin findings\n\nQuestion: What is Veni Domine", "output": "Veni Domine was a Christian progressive doom metal band founded in Sollentuna, Sweden in 1987."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "St\u00e9phanie Cohen-Aloro (born 18 March 1983) is a former professional tennis player from France. Her career-high singles ranking is world No. 61, achieved on 5 October 2003. Her highest doubles ranking position of 54, she set on 18 July 2005. Cohen-Aloro won seven singles and twelve doubles titles on tournaments of the ITF Women's Circuit. Professional career Cohen-Aloro turned professional on 15 October 2001, at the age of 18. In April 2005, she beat world No. 21, Daniela Hantuchov\u00e1, in Miami in two sets. Cohen-Aloro upset heavy favorite Mary Pierce (seeded 24 and ranked No. 29 in the world) in the first round of the 2005 Australian Open, 6\u20132, 6\u20132. Cohen-Aloro and Tunisian Selima Sfar pulled off a major upset in the first round of the 2005 Wimbledon Championships ladies' doubles, beating third seeds Lisa Raymond and Rennae Stubbs, 6\u20134, 3\u20136, 6\u20132. However, they lost in the second round. In\n\nSuperman: Doomsday & Beyond, also known as Superman Lives!, is a licensed novel, published in 1993, set in the DC Comics universe, written by Louise Simonson, and with illustrations from Dan Jurgens and Jos\u00e9 Luis Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez. It is a young-adult version of The Death of Superman comics storyline from 1992. An audio adaptation of the storyline, using the same title, aired on BBC Radio 1 also in 1993, which was released on audio cassette in 1993 and CD in 2005. Source material The book draws upon events from the following: Man of Steel #1-6 (limited series, 1986) Superman #73-82 (1992\u201393) Action Comics #683-692 (1992\u201393) Superman: The Man of Steel #17-26 (1992\u201393) Adventures of Superman #496-505 (1992\u201393) Editions Superman: Doomsday & Beyond (paperback), Bantam Books Voice cast Stuart Milligan as Kal-El/Clark Kent / Superman William Hootkins as Lex Luthor Lorelei King as Lois Lane Vincent Marzello as Jimmy Olsen Garrick Hagon\n\nG\u00fcr\u00fcn is a town in Sivas Province of Turkey. It is the seat of G\u00fcr\u00fcn District. Its population is 10,657 (2022). The mayor is Nami \u00c7ift\u00e7i (MHP). History Toponymy The current name G\u00fcr\u00fcn is most probably a corruption of the ancient name Tegarama, a city in Anatolia during the Bronze Age. In Armenian, the town is known as Gurin or Gyurin (). In Kurdish the locality is known as Gir\u00een. Ancient history The city was inhabited during the Old Assyrian Kingdom and Hittite Empire. Ancient rock caves dating to 2000 BC are located in the district. The caves would have been in use, possibly as a kind of apartment complex, during the Hittite period. The caves were also \"used as a cold storage area, woodshed and animal feed storage area by local people until a short time ago\", and are now open to visitors. Nami \u00c7ift\u00e7i, the town's mayor, told\n\nQuestion: Who was St\u00e9phanie Cohen-Aloro?", "output": "St\u00e9phanie Cohen-Aloro is a former professional tennis player from France."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kanagae Sanbee () in historical sources, was a Korean potter who is said to have captured and forced to be moved from Korea during Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598). He is considered the father of Arita ware porcelain. He is honored in Sueyama Shrine of Arita as the father of Arita ware. Popular narrative Although there is no doubt that Kanagae Sanbee actually existed, almost no contemporary source mentions him. The story of \"Yi Sam-pyeong\" as seen today was gradually developed by the late 19th century by various parties with various intentions. As an example, here is introduced the story presented by Kanagae Sanbee XIV, a descendant of Kanagae Sanbee concerned. Toyotomi Hideyoshi's campaign against Korea (1592\u201398) triggered great progress in Japanese pottery as hundreds of artisans were brought to Japan to encourage technological development. Yi Sam-pyeong is one of the best known potters from Korea. According to some records\n\nAnne Catherine of Brandenburg (26 June 1575 \u2013 8 April 1612) was Queen of Denmark and Norway from 1597 to 1612 as the first spouse of King Christian IV of Denmark. Life Anne Catherine was born in Halle (Saale) and raised in Wolmirstedt. Her parents were Joachim Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg and his first wife Catherine of Brandenburg-K\u00fcstrin. Christian met her on his journey in Germany in 1595 and decided to marry her. In 1596, Anne Catherine and her parents were present at his coronation, and the next year, the marriage was arranged. Her personal motto - which can be seen on top of the gate to the court yard of Frederiksborg Castle - was: \"Rege me Jehova spirito sanctu tuo\" (\"Guide me, Jehovah, with your holy spirit.\") Anne Catherine became Queen of Denmark on 27 November 1597 when she was married to Christian IV. The wedding took place in\n\nTynan () is a village, townland (of 375 acres) and civil parish in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It is situated largely in the historic barony of Tiranny, with some areas in the barony of Armagh, around west of Armagh City. Tynan had a population of 71 people (35 households) in the 2011 Census. (2001 Census: 71 people) History Tynan won the status as the most well-preserved rural Irish village in 1993. The Troubles On January 21, 1981, Sir Norman Stronge, 8th Baronet (86), Ulster Unionist Party member, and former Speaker at Stormont, and his son, James Stronge (48), an off-duty member of the Royal Ulster Constabulary reserve, were shot dead by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) at their mansion, Tynan Abbey, Tynan. Places of interest Tynan Abbey has an extensive demesne, a country house belonging to the Stronge family was situated here until it was destroyed by the Provisional\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Yi Sam-pyeong.", "output": "Kanagae Sanbee in historical sources, was a Korean potter who is said to have captured and forced to be moved from Korea during Japanese invasions of Korea."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Drensteinfurt (in low German Stewwert) is a town in the district of Warendorf, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately 15 km north of Hamm and 20 km south of M\u00fcnster. The villages Rinkerode in the north and Walstedde in the south are part of Drensteinfurt. Geography Drensteinfurt is situated on the river Werse and adjoins (in clockwise direction, beginning in the north-east) to Sendenhorst, Ahlen, Hamm, Ascheberg as well as M\u00fcnster. The surroundings of the town are dominated by agricultural used areas like fields and meadows mostly for cattle breeding. Small woods and hedges intercept these and are home to several wild animals. Together with a well constructed system of cycle tracks and field paths this all makes up the typical \"M\u00fcnsterl\u00e4nder Parklandschaft\", a description of the landscape around M\u00fcnster which also fits for the surroundings of Drensteinfurt. The district Rinkerode is surrounded by the two woodlands Davert\n\nCivCity: Rome is a city building strategy game by Firefly Studios and Firaxis Games. It includes elements from two game series, Caesar and Civilization. The player manages various cities of the Roman Empire by strategic placement of buildings. Making sure that each neighborhood has access to all the commodities it needs to upgrade the residences of citizens is the primary challenge. Gameplay The game offers two types of mission: stand-alone missions to include freeplay (or \"sandbox\") and campaign-based tutorial missions. The campaign-based mission begins when the player, an engineer, is hired by a local stone works overseer to build a stone mine colony. The player then gets further opportunities to prove himself, meeting such historic characters as Marcus Licinius Crassus and Julius Caesar. The player is granted various ranks, progressing through such titles as Quaestor, Aedile, Censor, Tribune, Praetor and Consul. Each campaign mission begins with the player's patron offering\n\nPreston Lions Football Club (formerly Preston Makedonia Soccer Club) is a semi-professional soccer club from Preston, a northern suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The club was established in 1947 to play non-professional soccer matches against other teams in the local community until 1959, and 12 years later, they joined the Victorian Soccer Federation (now Football Victoria), the club's first season in an officially sanctioned competition. The Lions currently compete in the National Premier Leagues Victoria 2 competition after being promoted in 2022, which is the third tier in the Australian soccer league system. The club won the Victorian Premier League in seasons 1980,1994, 2002 and 2007. History Foundation The club was founded in 1947 and was affiliated with the Victorian Soccer Federation (now Football Victoria) in 1959. Based in the suburb of Preston, Victoria, the Macedonia Soccer Club was originally created as a focal point for the newly immigrated Macedonian\n\nQuestion: Define Drensteinfurt.", "output": "Drensteinfurt is a town in the district of Warendorf, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Seathwaite Fell is an area of the Lake District in Cumbria, England. It stands above the hamlet of the same name at the head of Borrowdale. Position of the summit The fell is very rugged with several small tops along the summit of the ridge. At the northern end is a peaked summit at , very prominent from the valley below. Alfred Wainwright took this as the summit of the fell in his influential Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells, even though he readily acknowledged that it wasn't the highest point. This is one of many subjective decisions which differentiate Wainwrights from more modern (and logical) hill lists such as Nuttalls and Hewitts. Wainwright stated that the top was generally regarded as the summit of the fell, although he cited no references. Other guidebooks have taken Wainwright's lead, Mark Richards stating Stand upon that (northern) pike and you know why\n\nKurt Paul Schmitt (7 October 1886 \u2013 2 November 1950) was a German jurist versed in economic matters. A supporter of the Nazis since 1930, he joined the Nazi party in 1933, becoming also an honorary SS. He presided over Allianz insurance company, and was the Reich Economy Minister from 1933 to 1934. His antisemitic views let him believe that the role Jews played in politics, law and the arts was excessive, and had to be drastically curtailed if not totally eliminated. Biography Born in Heidelberg, jurist Kurt Schmitt graduated in 1911 in Munich with the thesis \"The Ongoing Information File, in Particular the Information Convention\", and then went into the service of the Allianz AG insurance company. From 1914 to 1917 he participated in the First World War and was discharged having reached the rank of captain. In 1917, he became a member of the Allianz board of directors,\n\nAlo\u00e2ndia is a municipality in south Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. The population was 1,986 in 2020 and the municipal area was 102.1 km2, one of the smallest in the state of Goi\u00e1s. Geographical information Alo\u00e2ndia is located in the Meia Ponte Microregion, 35 kilometers south of Pontalina and 35 kilometers west of the important BR-135 highway, which connects S\u00e3o Paulo with Bel\u00e9m. The distance to the state capital, Goi\u00e2nia, is 132 km. Highway connections are made by BR-153 / Aparecida de Goi\u00e2nia / Professor Jamil / Pontalina / GO-217 / GO -040. See Sepin Neighboring municipalities: north and west: Pontalina south: Jovi\u00e2nia east: Morrinhos History Construction of the first houses of the settlement called S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, after a ranch nearby, began in 1941. The name was later changed to \"Itamb\u00e9\", meaning waterfall, from the waterfalls coming down from the nearby hills. In 1948 it was elevated to district in the municipality\n\nQuestion: What is Alo\u00e2ndia", "output": "Alo\u00e2ndia is a municipality in south Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Prayopavesa (, IAST pr\u0101yopave\u015banam, literally resolving to die through fasting) is a practice in Hinduism that denotes the death by fasting of a person who has no desire or ambition left, and no responsibilities remaining in life. It is also allowed in cases of terminal disease or great disability. A similar practice exists in Jainism, termed Santhara. Conditions and rules Performing prayopavesa is bound by very strict regulations. Only a person who has no desire or ambition left, and no responsibilities remaining in life, is entitled to perform it. The decision to do so must be publicly declared well in advance. Ancient lawmakers stipulated the conditions that allow prayopavesa; they are one's inability to perform normal bodily purification, death appears imminent or the condition is so bad that life's pleasures are nil, and the action is done under community regulation. Examples Parikshit is described to have observed the prayopavesa when\n\nThe Caltech Cosmic Cube was a parallel computer, developed by Charles Seitz and Geoffrey C Fox from 1981 onward. It was the first working hypercube built. It was an early attempt to capitalise on VLSI to speed up scientific calculations at a reasonable cost. Using commodity hardware and an architecture suited to the specific task (QCD), Fox and Seitz demonstrated that this was indeed possible. In 1984 a group at Intel including Justin Rattner and Cleve Moler developed the Intel iPSC inspired by the Cosmic Cube. In 1987 several people in the group formed a company called Parasoft to commercialize the message passing interface developed for the Cosmic Cube. Characteristics 64 Intel 8086/87 processors 128kB of memory per processor 6-dimensional hypercube network, i. e. each processor can directly exchange data with six other processors. References The Torus Routing Chip Parallel Computer Archival Documents John Apostolakis, Clive Baillie, Robert W. Clayton,\n\nHattie Tavernier is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Michelle Gayle between 5 July 1990 and 21 December 1993. Hattie and her family were introduced in July 1990 by producer Michael Ferguson. The Taverniers were the first collective black family to join the soap at the same time. Portrayed as an intelligent, independent young woman, Hattie remained in the serial after the departures of many of her screen family, covering issues such as miscarriage and sexual harassment. Michelle Gayle quit the role in 1993 to embark on a pop career. Gayle filmed no official exit storyline for Hattie. Her last scene aired on 21 December 1993, with Hattie departing to visit her parents off-screen in Norwich for the Christmas holidays. Dialogue between characters at this time suggested that it was a temporary departure; however, Gayle left to pursue a singing career and did not return\n\nQuestion: Define Caltech Cosmic Cube.", "output": "The Caltech Cosmic Cube was a parallel computer, developed by Charles Seitz and Geoffrey C Fox from 1981 onward."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Yale School of Architecture (YSoA) is one of the constituent professional schools of Yale University. The School awards the degrees of Master of Architecture I (M.Arch I), Master of Architecture II (M.Arch II), Master of Environmental Design (M.E.D), and Ph.D in architectural history and criticism. The School also offers joint degrees with the Yale School of Management and Yale School of the Environment, as well as a course of study for undergraduates in Yale College leading to a Bachelor of Arts. Since its founding as a department in 1916, the School has produced some of the world's leading architects, including Norman Foster, Richard Rogers, Maya Lin and Eero Saarinen, among others. The current dean of the School is Deborah Berke. The School of Architecture is housed in Rudolph Hall (also known as the Yale Art and Architecture Building), the Brutalist masterwork of former department chair, Paul Rudolph. History Yale's\n\nJuan Garc\u00eda de Loaysa y Mendoza (1478 in Talavera de la Reina, near Toledo, Spain \u2013 22 April 1546 in Madrid, Spain) was a Spanish Archbishop of Seville and Cardinal. Biography His parents were nobles; at a very early age he entered the Dominican convent at Salamanca. Its severe discipline, however, affected his delicate constitution and he was transferred to the convent of St. Paul in Pe\u00f1afiel where he was professed in 1495. On the completion of his studies in Alcal\u00e1, and later at the Colegio de San Gregorio of Valladolid University, he taught philosophy and theology. About the same time he was appointed regent of studies and for two terms filled the office of rector in San Gregorio College. In 1518 he represented his province at the general chapter held at Rome where by unanimous vote he gained the generalship of the Dominican Order in succession to Cardinal Cajetan,\n\nThe Cenozoic ( ; ) is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history. It is characterised by the dominance of mammals, birds and flowering plants. It is the latest of three geological eras, preceded by the Mesozoic and Paleozoic. The Cenozoic started with the Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event, when many species, including the non-avian dinosaurs, became extinct in an event attributed by most experts to the impact of a large asteroid or other celestial body, the Chicxulub impactor. The Cenozoic is also known as the Age of Mammals because the terrestrial animals that dominated both hemispheres were mammalsthe eutherians (placentals) in the northern hemisphere and the metatherians (marsupials, now mainly restricted to Australia and to some extent South America) in the southern hemisphere. The extinction of many groups allowed mammals and birds to greatly diversify so that large mammals and birds dominated life on Earth. The\n\nQuestion: What's Cenozoic?", "output": "The Cenozoic is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT, ; ) or colloquially \"Bangmod\" (; ) is an engineering and technology university in Thailand, focusing on teaching and research. It is one of nine national research universities (NRU) in Thailand. It is in Bang Mot Sub-district, Thung Khru District, Bangkok. It was founded on 18 April 1960, making it the third oldest engineering school and seventh oldest university in Thailand. History King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi can trace its origin to the Thonburi Technical College (TTC) which was established on 4 February 1960, by the Department of Vocational Education, Ministry of Education. TTC had the mission of training technicians, technical instructors, and technologists. By virtue of the Technology Act, enacted 21 April 1971, three technical institutes are under the Department of Vocational Education: Thonburi Technical Institute (TTI), North Bangkok Technical Institute, and Nonthaburi Telecommunication Institute. They were combined to form one\n\nWoss Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located 75 kilometres southeast of Port McNeill, near the community of Woss, which is also known as Woss Lake. History The park was established 1995. Woss Lake Provincial Park is within the traditional territory of the Namgis First Nation. The park contains a portion of a First Nations traditional cross-island trade route known as the Grease Trail, which made its way over the Tahsis divide. Geography The park is 66.34 km2. The park landscape includes the southern portion of Woss Lake, as well as very steep forested slopes above the lake and the permanent snowfields and north facing slopes of Rugged Mountain, part of the Haihte Range. Conservation Woss Lake Provincial Park is a very steep, forested, seldom visited wilderness area. The park contains Roosevelt elk populations, a salmon fishery and potentially, habitat for the endangered Vancouver Island\n\nPhiladelphia Ballet, formerly known as Pennsylvania Ballet, was Philadelphia's largest ballet company until its rebranding in 2021. The company's annual local season features six programs of classic pieces, like George Balanchine's The Nutcracker, in addition to presentations of new works. The company's artistic director is Angel Corella. Company history Pennsylvania Ballet was established in 1963 by Barbara Weisberger, a prot\u00e9g\u00e9e of George Balanchine, through a Ford Foundation initiative to develop regional professional dance companies. A Philadelphia cultural institution, the company is noted for its focus on the Balanchine repertoire. The company performed in the national spotlight for the first time in 1968 at the New York City Center, a debut that led to a decade of national touring, appearances on PBS's Dance in America series, and a stint as the official company of the Brooklyn Academy of Music during the 1970s. In 1982, Pennsylvania Ballet became the first major American\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Woss Lake Provincial Park is.", "output": "Woss Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located 75 kilometres southeast of Port McNeill, near the community of Woss, which is also known as Woss Lake."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Positive K (sometimes stylized as +K) (born Darryl Gibson on August 9, 1967) is an American MC and songwriter from the Bronx, New York City, New York, and one of the original artists of the First Priority Music camp. He is best known for his hits \"I'm Not Havin' It\" (a duet with MC Lyte) and his 1992 hit \"I Got a Man\". Early life Darryl Gibson was born August 8, 1967, and was raised in the Bronx, New York and spent much of his childhood near Richman (Echo) Park where early hip hop DJs Grandmaster Flash, DJ Sinbad and Busy Bee would throw block parties. He was inspired as a child to rap when one day The Fearless Four were performing in his neighborhood and invited him to say a rhyme on their mic. Gibson's first musical endeavor was a short-lived rap group with his family named Disco Cousins,\n\nConny Van Dyke, sometimes credited as Connie Van Dyke, is an American singer and actress. Van Dyke was born in Cape Charles, Virginia, to Benjamin and Charlotte Elizabeth Van Dyke. When she was 15 years old, Van Dyke made recordings, worked as a fashion model, and made her first film, Among the Thorns. She worked as a songwriter and recording artist for Wheelsville Records in Detroit, Michigan. She entered and won Teen magazines Miss Teen of the United States (unrelated to the current Miss Teen USA pageant) in 1960 and signed with Motown Records in 1961, making her one of the first white recording artists for the label. Her only Motown release appeared in early 1963, featuring \"Oh Freddy\", written by Smokey Robinson, backed with \"It Hurt Me Too\", written and previously recorded by Marvin Gaye. She was cast in Hell's Angels '69 with Tom Stern, Jeremy Slate, and several\n\nGolf Street railway station is located on Golf Street in Carnoustie, Angus, Scotland, and serves the town's central areas. It is sited from the former Dundee East station, on the Dundee to Aberdeen line, between Barry Links and Carnoustie. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services. History The station opened in 1960 as Golf Street Halt before changing its name on 16 May 1983. Location The station is the nearest to the Carnoustie Golf Links. During the 1999 Open Championship, extra services were laid on to bring spectators to the course, significantly boosting passenger figures for that year. Facilities Facilities are incredibly low at Golf Street, consisting of just two benches (one on each platform) and a shelter on platform 2. Both platforms have step-free access. As there are no facilities to purchase tickets, passengers must buy one in advance, or from the guard on the train. Passenger volume\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Conny Van Dyke is.", "output": "Conny Van Dyke, sometimes credited as Connie Van Dyke, is an American singer and actress."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Charles Henry Thomas Ricketts (3 July 1885 \u2013 7 March 1960) was an Australian rules footballer and coach in the Victorian Football League. Ricketts was a champion rover for the Richmond Football Club in the Victorian Football Association from 1903 to 1905. He represented the VFA twice in 1905 and kicked two goals in the Richmond premiership side. The next season, he crossed to the South Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football League. He was considered a highly skilled player noted for his accuracy, particularly with his stab-kick passes. By 1908 he had earned a reputation as one of the premier players in the VFL and the following season he led South Melbourne to their first League premiership as captain-coach. Despite this success he was replaced as captain-coach for 1910 by William Thomas, but he regained his position for 1912, leading South Melbourne to a (losing) VFL Grand Final.\n\nFrederick William Dickens (4 July 1820 \u2013 20 October 1868) was the son of John and Elizabeth Dickens and was Charles Dickens's younger brother, who lived with Charles when he moved on to Furnival's Inn in 1834. He was the inspiration for two different Freds in his brother's books: the jovial nephew of Ebenezer Scrooge in A Christmas Carol and the dissolute brother of Little Nell in The Old Curiosity Shop. Biography While Fred was a child and a youth, Charles Dickens often described him as his favourite brother, showing great concern for his welfare. As a boy, Fred attended a school in Hampstead with his brother Alfred for two years, until their father, John Dickens, could no longer afford the fees. At the end of the school day, the boys would be collected by their older brother, Charles. On 20 February 1824, John Dickens was imprisoned in the Marshalsea\n\nBackground radiation equivalent time (BRET) or background equivalent radiation time (BERT) is a unit of measurement of ionizing radiation dosage amounting to one day worth of average human exposure to background radiation. BRET units are used as a measure of low level radiation exposure. The health hazards of low doses of ionizing radiation are unknown and controversial, because the effects, mainly cancer and genetic damage, take many years to appear, and the incidence due to radiation exposure can't be statistically separated from the many other causes of these diseases. The purpose of the BRET measure is to allow a low level dose to be easily compared with a universal yardstick: the average dose of background radiation, mostly from natural sources, that every human unavoidably receives during daily life. Background radiation level is widely used in radiological health fields as a standard for setting exposure limits. Presumably, a dose of radiation\n\nQuestion: Define Background radiation equivalent time.", "output": "Background radiation equivalent time or background equivalent radiation time is a unit of measurement of ionizing radiation dosage amounting to one day worth of average human exposure to background radiation."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Johann Friedrich Krummnow (or Krumnow) (1811 \u2013 3 October 1880) was a German-born settler in Australia. He arrived in South Australia in 1839 and in 1852 he founded a community named Herrnhut located near Penshurst in western Victoria. This was Australia's first intentional community based on the principles of shared property and fervent prayer. Krummnow died at Herrnhut in October 1880. Arrival in Australia Johann Friedrich Krummnow was born in 1811 in Posen, Kingdom of Prussia, (later known as Pozna\u0144, Poland) and was raised in a German community. He worked as a tailor, cobbler and teacher and was an adherent of a variety of the Moravian Brethren within the Lutheran faith. He arrived in Port Adelaide, on 22 January 1839 from Hamburg on the ship, Catharina, with a group of dissidents, 'Kavel's People'. On board ship he taught girls but was deemed \"not completely satisfactory and the community did not\n\nCaptain Bana Singh (born 6 January 1949) is an Indian soldier and a recipient of the nation's highest gallantry award, the Param Vir Chakra. As a Naib Subedar in the Indian Army, he led the team that wrested control of the highest peak on the Siachen Glacier in Kashmir from Pakistani forces as part of Operation Rajiv. Following his success, India renamed the peak (previously designated as Quaid Post by the Pakistanis) to Bana Post in his honour. Early life Singh was born in Sikh family in Kadyal, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir on 6 January 1949. His father was a farmer and his uncles were soldiers in the Indian Army. He enlisted in the Indian Army on 6 January 1969,and began service with the 8th Battalion of the Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry. He was trained at the High Altitude Warfare School in Gulmarg and at another school at Sonamarg.\n\nEivind Kristofer Reiten (born 2 April 1953) is a Norwegian economist, corporate officer and politician for the Centre Party. He served as Minister of Fisheries from 1985-1986 and Minister of Petroleum and Energy from 1989-1990, before entering a career in business. Reiten served as the Director General (CEO) of Norsk Hydro between 2001 and 2009, after which he took up the chairmanship of Norske Skog. Eivind Reiten was also Chairman of StatoilHydro for four days until he resigned from his position after Norsk Hydro had been accused of corruption. Political career Reiten was born in Midsund as the son of Kristofer Reiten, a farmer and fisher, and housewife Kjellaug Opstad. He enrolled as a student in 1972, and graduated from the University of Oslo in 1978 with a degree in economics. He worked as a civil servant from 1979 to 1982, and as a secretary for the Centre Party from\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Bana Singh.", "output": "Captain Bana Singh is an Indian soldier and a recipient of the nation's highest gallantry award, the Param Vir Chakra."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "KHTB (101.9 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Provo, Utah, and serving the Salt Lake City metropolitan area. It is owned by Cumulus Media and broadcasts a Top 40 - CHR radio format, simulcast with 94.9 KENZ Provo. The radio studios are in South Salt Lake, near the I-15/I-80 interchange. KHTB has an effective radiated power of 25,000 watts. The transmitter is southwest of the city on Farnsworth Peak in the Oquirrh Mountains in Bingham Canyon, Utah, among the towers for other Salt Lake-area FM and TV stations. History Country (1995\u20132004) In 1995, KKAT licensed \"Young Country\" from Alliance Broadcasting. Also that year, Kid Cassidy (John Potter) of KWNR replaced Gary and Scotty in the mornings, with Insane Rick Shane remaining as producer. Other local hosts were T.J. Evans, \"Gentleman Jim\" Mickleson, Bob Wells and Tracy Chapman, while Blair Garner did the overnight shift. KKAT took over the\n\nWindows Address Book was a component of Microsoft Windows that lets users keep a single list of contacts that can be shared by multiple programs. It is most commonly used by Outlook Express. It was introduced with Internet Explorer 3 in 1996 and improved in subsequent versions. The Windows Address Book API can query LDAP servers or read/write data to a local file. In Windows Vista, Windows Address Book was replaced with Windows Contacts. Overview The Windows Address Book is an application that has a local database and user interface for finding and editing information about people, making it possible to query network directory servers using Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. Other applications can also use the WAB. Microsoft Office Outlook uses its own store for email messages. However, it can import contacts from the format. Microsoft Exchange / Windows Messaging uses file for Personal Address Book. Features Can store comprehensive\n\nNanjing Foreign Language School (NFLS, ) is a middle and high school located in Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. It was established in 1963 under the direction of Zhou Enlai, the first Premier of PRC, and is one of the oldest foreign language schools in China. Its mottos are \"Chinese Soul, Global Vision\" and \"Seek the truth, Scale the height, Be erudite, Be modest\". History Establishment and Early History Starting from the mid 1950s, the Chinese Government recognized its shortage of diplomats with strong language potency. To address this issue, a number of foreign language schools were established in major cities of China under the direction of Prime Minister Zhou Enlai, aiming to cultivate the diplomatic talents in demand. One of these schools was the then Jiangsu Labor and Farmer Instant High School, which was renamed Nanjing Foreign Language School upon its re-establishment in 1963. The instant\n\nQuestion: Define Nanjing Foreign Language School.", "output": "Nanjing Foreign Language School is a middle and high school located in Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Stemonaceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Pandanales. The family consists of four genera with ca 37 known species distributed in areas with seasonal climate across Southeast Asia and tropical Australia. One native species is found in the United States. In earlier systems the family was called Roxburghiaceae, after Roxburghia, now Stemona. Description The stems may be erect or trailing, green or yellow-green, or sometimes reddish. Leaves are dark green and also alternate in the majority of the members. Flowers are borne in short cymes, arising from the lower parts of the plant. Seeds are ellipsoidal or globular in shape. As in other members of the Pandanales, the flower morphology in the Stemonaceae is distinctive and rather atypical for monocots, whose floral anatomy is three-parted (trimerous). In the majority of Stemonaceae species, flowers are composed of four identical parts, i.e., tetramerous, or sometimes dimerous\n\nVijayashanti (born 24 June 1966) is an Indian actress, producer and politician. In a film career spanning 40 years, she has acted in 187 feature films in a variety of roles in various languages predominantly in Telugu and Tamil films, in addition to Hindi, Kannada, and Malayalam films. She is widely referred as the \"Lady Superstar\", \"Lady Amitabh\", and \"The Action Queen of Indian Cinema\",She won the National Film Award for Best Actress for her work as a female cop in Kartavyam for depicting both aggression and feminity with balance and restraint (1990). She is a recipient of several accolades, including four Andhra Pradesh state Nandi Awards for Best Actress, seven Filmfare Awards South together with a Lifetime Achievement Award in 2003, and the Kalaimamani Award from Tamil Nadu Government. Having made her acting debut in the Tamil film Kallukkul Eeram (1980), she went on to star in successful films\n\nFaruque Ahmed (; born 24 July 1966), also known as Faruk Ahmed, is a former Bangladeshi cricketer who played in 7 ODIs from 1988 to 1999. A right hand middle order bat, he mostly batted at No. 3, but he could open the batting if necessary. In ODIs He made his ODI debut at Chittagong in 1988, against Pakistan . His highest one day score was 57 against India at Chandigarh in 1990. There he put on 108 for the 3rd wicket with Athar Ali Khan. In ICC Trophy Ahmed also played in two ICC Trophy tournaments, in 1990 and 1994. He scored 56 against Canada in 1990. There he shared a match winning partnership of 121 with MOM Nurul Abedin (105). Overall, he scored 69 runs in 3 innings (Avg. 23.00). 4 years later, leading the side, he had a disappointing time with the bat in Kenya. He scored\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Faruk Ahmed.", "output": "Faruque Ahmed, also known as Faruk Ahmed, is a former Bangladeshi cricketer who played in 7 ODIs from 1988 to 1999."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hotman Paris Hutapea (born 20 October 1959) is an Indonesian lawyer, presenter and businessman. He is known for his flamboyant style, high-profile clients, luxurious lifestyle, and mistresses. Early life Hotman was born on 20 October 1959 in Laguboti village, North Sumatra. He was the sixth of 10 children in a Protestant Batak family. His first name was taken from the Batak word hotma, which means 'steady'. His father ran an intercity bus company called Bintang Utara and often had to live away from home in the North Sumatran capital of Medan. His mother remained at Laguboti and encouraged the children to eat healthily, especially fish and papaya leaves, so they would develop high IQs. Eight of the 10 children became university graduates. Hotman had planned to study at Indonesia's prestigious Bandung Institute of Technology but failed to pass the entrance exam. He said he knew the answers but did not\n\nThe Gibson Les Paul Doublecut is a double-cutaway version of the Gibson Les Paul electric guitar. Models Except for Gibson Custom Shop/Historic models, there are currently four types of the Les Paul double cut model. Les Paul Studio, Standard & Pro Doublecut|Les Paul Doublecut 'Pro Les Paul Faded Doublecut Les Paul Standard Doublecut Plus Les Paul DC AA Top Custom Shop models Les Paul Doublecut Longhorn Historic models include Les Paul Special Doublecut (1958-1959, ...) / SG Special (1959-1961) 1960 Les Paul Special Double Cutaway VOS (reissue) Custom 1960 Les Paul Special Double Cutaway (reissue) Les Paul Junior Doublecut (1958-1961, ...) 1958 Les Paul Junior Double Cutaway VOS (reissue) Les Paul Junior Doublecut One of the first Les Paul Doublecut is the Les Paul Junior Doublecut released in 1958. Like the singlecut version of the LP Junior, it has a single \"dog-eared\" P-90 single coil pickup. This Les Paul doublecut\n\nThe Sierra Youth Coalition (SYC) () is a national Canadian organization run by youth for youth, founded in 1996, and serving as the youth arm of the Sierra Club of Canada Foundation. Its stated mission is \"to empower Canadians ages 14-26 to become active community leaders who contribute to making Canada a sustainable society.\" SYC was founded in 1996 by Amelia Clarke. Its members range in age from 15 to 30 years old. Programs SYC has various projects (Sustainable Campuses, Community Youth Action Gatherings, Sustainable High Schools, Education Fund) and campaigns (To the Tar Sands, Deconstructing Dinner Caravan). A history of campaigns and other initiatives is available on their website. The Sustainable Campuses Project operates on over 70 Canadian post-secondary campuses. This project uses a 170 Indicator assessment of sustainability, called the Campus Sustainability Assessment Framework. This tool was developed by Lindsay Cole as a Master's Thesis at Royal Roads\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Gibson Les Paul Doublecut is.", "output": "The Gibson Les Paul Doublecut is a double-cutaway version of the Gibson Les Paul electric guitar."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Public education\u2014from primary education through college\u2014is open to every Saudi citizen. Education is the second-largest sector of government spending in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia spends 8.8% of its gross domestic product on education, which is nearly double the global average of 4.6%. Islamic studies are part of the education system alongside scientific and social studies that vary from educational institution to another. Before 1957, when King Saud University was founded, many Saudi Arabians immigrated to other countries to attend universities. Background Saudi education is noted for its religious content. As of 2016, religious studies average a total of nine periods a week at the primary school level, compared to an average about 23 periods a week total for mathematics, science (physics, chemistry, biology and geology), social studies, Arabic language, English language and physical education. At the university level, nearly two-thirds of graduates are women. The education system was also criticized\n\nThe Mandarins Drum and Bugle Corps is a World Class competitive drum and bugle corps. Based in Sacramento, California, the Mandarins is a member corps of Drum Corps International (DCI). Holders of eight DCI divisional championship titles, the Mandarins made its first World Class Finals appearance on August 11, 2018, with a tenth-place finish. History The corps was founded in 1963 as the Ye Wah Drums and Lyras Corps, an activity for youth of Chinese-American heritage. Roy Wong, Frank Lim, Thomas Fong, and Yuk Fong had originally approached the Sacramento Chinese community with the intent of starting a drum and bugle corps to perform at the many festivals and parades held each year in the Sacramento area. After struggling to get underway, the corps made its debut on the Fourth of July, 1963. A color guard was added to the corps in 1964 and became a competitive unit in 1965.\n\nDavid Anthony Willis, known professionally as Ski Beatz, is an American record producer from Greensboro, North Carolina, mainly working in hip hop. Biography Discovered by DJ Clark Kent, Ski was originally known as \"MC Will-Ski\" in the late 1980s. He began his recording career in one of North Carolina's first hip hop groups The Bizzie Boyz, alongside Mixmasta \"D\" (Darius Owens, also from NC), Fanatic, and dancers Move & Groove. In the early 1990s, Ski moved to New York City and was a member of the group Original Flavor, the first group managed by future recording industry executive Damon Dash. In the mid-90s, Ski was working on duo Camp Lo's debut album Uptown Saturday Night when Dash called him in to work on the debut album of his own artist, Jay-Z. Jay's album, Reasonable Doubt, was released in 1996, marking Ski's first major production placement. Ski produced four tracks off\n\nQuestion: What's Mandarins Drum and Bugle Corps?", "output": "The Mandarins Drum and Bugle Corps  is a World Class competitive drum and bugle corps."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Resurrection Ship\" is a two-part episode of the reimagined Battlestar Galactica television series. Part 1 aired originally on the Sci Fi Channel on January 6, 2006, and Part 2 aired on January 13, 2006. It was the first episode broadcast after a hiatus following the broadcast of the previous episode, \"Pegasus\", on September 23, 2005. In the episode, Admiral Helena Cain and Commander William Adama call a truce but plan to assassinate each other. The humans destroy a Cylon fleet that includes a resurrection ship. Cain and Adama both cancel their plots, but Gina escapes from the Pegasus brig and kills Cain. \"Resurrection Ship\" received positive critical reviews. Plot In \"The Farm\", Starbuck promised Sam Anders she would return to Caprica to rescue him. In \"Pegasus\", Apollo and Starbuck plotted to steal the stealth-capable Blackbird to obtain reconnaissance photos of a mysterious ship escorted by a large Cylon fleet. Cain\n\nInanam is a suburb and sub-district of Kota Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysia. It is situated 10 kilometres from the city centre. History OKK Majimbun Majangkin is known as one of the key player in Inanam development. During the World War II, Inanam is also the base where the Kinabalu Guerillas led by Albert Kwok actively operating to fight the Japanese. Demography The town population consists of mainly the Dusun, and the Chinese who operate the shops. Of late however there is a large influx of immigrants both from the southern Philippines and Indonesia. Many of them are undocumented and live in squatters. A considerable number of them however were controversially naturalised and relocated into low-cost housing settlements provided by the Malaysian government. Accessibility Kota Kinabalu City (North) Bus Terminal is located in Inanam which become part of the BRT Kota Kinabalu. Economy A substantial part of the sub-district near the\n\nFrances Theresa Densmore (May 21, 1867 \u2013 June 5, 1957) was an American anthropologist and ethnographer born in Red Wing, Minnesota. Densmore is known for her studies of Native American music and culture, and in modern terms, she may be described as an ethnomusicologist. Biography As a child Densmore developed an appreciation of music by listening to the nearby Dakota Indians. She studied music at Oberlin College for three years. During the early part of the twentieth century, she worked as a music teacher with Native Americans nationwide, while also learning, recording, and transcribing their music, and documenting its use in their culture. She helped preserve their culture in a time when government policy was to encourage Native Americans to adopt Western customs. Densmore began recording music officially for the Smithsonian Institution's Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) in 1907. In her fifty-plus years of studying and preserving American Indian music,\n\nQuestion: What is Resurrection Ship?", "output": "\"Resurrection Ship\" is a two-part episode of the reimagined Battlestar Galactica television series."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jenni V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen (, from 2004 to 2014 Dahlman-R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen; born 27 October 1981) is a Finnish model and winner of the 2001 Miss Scandinavia contest. Career V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen started modeling at the age of 14, and she was runner-up in Miss Finland 2000. One year later she became Miss Scandinavia. In the same year, she became Queen of the Year's second runner up in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. In 1999, she competed in Miss Model of the Year 1999 and was one of the final ten contestants. In 2005 she became a show jumping rider. Personal life V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen met Formula One racing driver Kimi R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen in late 2000 during the Miss Scandinavia contest that she won. They married on 31 July 2004. The couple lived between Finland and Switzerland. They separated in February 2013, and divorced in 2014. In 2021, V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen married former ice hockey player Ossi V\u00e4\u00e4n\u00e4nen, and they have two sons\n\nParadiastole (from Greek \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae from \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac para \"next to, alongside\", and \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae diastole \"separation, distinction\") is the reframing of a vice as a virtue, often with the use of euphemism, for example, \"Yes, I know it does not work all the time, but that is what makes it interesting.\" It is often used ironically. Paradiastole has been described as \"the rhetorical technique of evaluative redescription -- more popularly known as euphemism and dysphemism -- designed to enlarge or reduce the moral significance of something\". Another example is referring to manual labour as a \"workout\". Perhaps the most familiar usage today comes from the software world: \"It's not a bug; it's a feature!\" (This is used both euphemistically and literally, as many features in software originated as bugs). Usage to describe a list In studies on classical antiquity, it has come to mean the repetition of disjunctive words in a list.\n\nSulphur Springs Municipal Airport is a city-owned, public-use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) northwest of the central business district of Sulphur Springs, a city in Hopkins County, Texas, United States. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011\u20132015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility. It was named Texas Airport of the Year for 2003 by the Texas Department of Transportation Aviation Division. Facilities and aircraft Sulphur Springs Municipal Airport covers an area of 197 acres (80 ha) at an elevation of 489 feet (149 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 1/19 with a concrete surface measuring 5,001 by 75 feet (1,524 x 23 m). For the 12-month period ending March 7, 2009, the airport had 17,910 aircraft operations, an average of 49 per day: 97% general aviation, 3% military, and <1% air taxi. At that time there\n\nQuestion: What's Sulphur Springs Municipal Airport?", "output": "Sulphur Springs Municipal Airport  is a city-owned, public-use airport located two\u00a0nautical miles northwest of the central business district of Sulphur Springs, a city in Hopkins County, Texas, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Randy Hahn (born October 21, 1958) is a Canadian-American play-by-play commentator for the San Jose Sharks on NBC Sports California, and has held that position for over 30 seasons. He has over 40 years of broadcast experience, mostly in hockey. He broadcast his 2,000th Sharks game on December 13th, 2022, when the Sharks faced the Arizona Coyotes in San Jose. Along with analyst and ex-partner Drew Remenda, Hahn has won five Northern California Emmy Awards in the \"On Camera Sports\" section; one in 1999, and others in 2002, 2005, and 2008. Hahn was a PBP announcer in Konami's NHL Blades of Steel '99 and 2K Sports' NHL 2K9, NHL 2K10, and NHL 2K11. Early life Hahn was born in 1958 in Edmonton but moved to Whitehorse, Yukon at the age of 14. He attended F. H. Collins Secondary School with mayor Ernie Bourassa. At the age of 15, Hahn was\n\nRockdale is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. Suburbs within the electoral district include Arncliffe, Banksia, Bardwell Park, Bardwell Valley, Beverley Park, Bexley, Bexley North, Brighton-Le-Sands, Dolls Point, Earlwood, Kogarah, Kogarah Bay, New South Wales, Kyeemagh, Monterey, Ramsgate, Ramsgate Beach, Rockdale, Sandrigham, Sans Souci, Turella and Wolli Creek. It is represented by Steve Kamper of the Labor Party. History Rockdale electoral district was first created in 1927, with the breakup of the multi-member St George. In 1930, it was abolished and largely replaced by Arncliffe. Rockdale Council sought a new electorate for Rockdale as early as 1937. In 1941, Arncliffe was abolished and replaced by a recreated Rockdale and Cook's River. Members for Rockdale Election results References Rockdale Constituencies established in 1927 Constituencies disestablished in 1930 1927 establishments in Australia 1930 disestablishments in Australia 1941 establishments in Australia Constituencies established in\n\nHomero Aridjis (born April 6, 1940) is a Mexican poet, novelist, environmental activist, journalist, former ambassador and ex-president of PEN International, known for his rich imagination, poetry of lyrical beauty, and ethical independence. Family and early life Aridjis was born in Contepec, Michoac\u00e1n, Mexico, on April 6, 1940, to a Greek father and a Mexican mother; he was the youngest of five brothers. His father fought in the Greek army during World War I and the Greco-Turkish War, when his family was forced to flee from their home in Tire, southeast of Smyrna, in Asia Minor. His mother grew up in Contepec amidst the turmoil of the Mexican Revolution. After nearly losing his life at age ten in a shotgun accident, Aridjis became an avid reader and began to write poetry. In 1959 he was awarded a scholarship at the Rockefeller Foundation-supported Mexico City Writing Center (Centro Mexicano de Escritores),\n\nQuestion: What is Electoral district of Rockdale", "output": "Rockdale is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mickey's Speedway USA is a Disney racing game for the Nintendo 64 and Game Boy Color, developed by Rareware and published by Nintendo under license from Disney Interactive. It is styled after other kart racers such as Mario Kart 64 and Diddy Kong Racing, and features characters from the Mickey Mouse universe racing across the United States. It is Rare and Nintendo's second Disney-themed racing game following Mickey's Racing Adventure (1999). Gameplay Mickey's Speedway USA features various characters from the Mickey Mouse universe racing in karts to complete laps around a track as quickly as possible. Scattered along each track are tokens that increase racers' maximum speed, boosters which will give racers a quick burst of acceleration, and items that can be used to interfere with opponents, such as baseballs and paint cans. The Nintendo 64 (N64) version features gameplay similar to Rare's previous N64 racing game Diddy Kong Racing,\n\nGy\u00f6rgy Jendrassik or in English technical literature: George Jendrassik (1898 Budapest \u2013 1954 London) was a Hungarian physicist and mechanical engineer. Jendrassik completed his education at Budapest's J\u00f3zsef Technical University, then at the University of Berlin attended lectures of the famous physicists Albert Einstein and Max Planck. In 1922 he obtained his diploma in mechanical engineering in Budapest. From 1927 he worked at Ganz Rt, where he helped to develop diesel engines, of which the first few pieces were made with single and double cylinders; later, the 4- and 6-cylinder four-stroke versions were developed, without compression and with mixing chamber. Diesel Engines He started working at Ganz and Company - Danubius Electricity, Machine, Waggon and Shipyard Ltd. He started his activities within the Study Department, which was the development and experimental department. His first work included the strength calculation and preparation of the load tests for the main girders of\n\nNathan Louis Bump (born July 24, 1976) is a former Major League Baseball relief pitcher who played for the Florida Marlins from 2003 to 2005. Biography A native of Towanda, Pennsylvania, Bump attended Penn State University, and in 1996 he played collegiate summer baseball with the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was selected by the San Francisco Giants in the 1998 Major League Baseball Draft as the 25th overall pick. He was traded in by the Giants with Jason Grilli in exchange for Liv\u00e1n Hern\u00e1ndez from the Florida Marlins. Bump played for the Marlins between and , but was a free agent from to . On July 26, 2004, Bump recorded his only MLB save. During a blowout victory against the Phillies, Bump pitched 3 shutout innings to close out an 11-3 Marlins victory. In May , Bump signed a minor league contract with the Giants\n\nQuestion: What is Gy\u00f6rgy Jendrassik", "output": "Gy\u00f6rgy Jendrassik or in English technical literature: George Jendrassik was a Hungarian physicist and mechanical engineer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Albert Delane Bemiller (April 18, 1938 \u2013 November 30, 2022) was an American professional football player who was an offensive lineman for the Buffalo Bills of the American Football League (AFL). He played college football at Syracuse University. He was a member of two AFL championships with the Bills and was inducted into the Greater Buffalo Hall of Fame in 2015. Buffalo Bills Bemiller was drafted as an offensive lineman by the Buffalo Bills in 1961, when he immediately became their starting center, replacing Dan McGrew, although the latter was the All-AFL 2nd team center in the Bills' inaugural season of 1960. During the 1961 season, Bemiller played in all 14 games, between fellow rookie Billy Shaw at left offensive guard and second year pro Chuck Muelhaupt at right guard, under head coach Buster Ramsey. In 1962, he continued to play center next to Shaw and new right guard Tom\n\nDaniel Wadsworth (1771\u20131848) of Hartford, Connecticut, was an American amateur artist and architect, arts patron and traveler. He is most remembered as the founder of the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art in his native city. Early life and education Daniel Wadsworth was descended from some of the first Puritan settlers of the Connecticut colony. His father Jeremiah Wadsworth was one of the wealthiest men in Hartford, and his mother Mehithabel Russell Wadsworth was also from an elite family. The senior Wadsworth was involved in trade, manufacturing, banking, and insurance. Young Daniel was educated partly at home; he was introduced to the great art and architecture of the royal courts of Europe by his father, who traveled there with him (see Grand tour). Marriage and family Wadsworth married Faith Trumbull in 1794. He later became acquainted with her uncle, John Trumbull, one of the period's most celebrated historical painters. Career Wadsworth\n\nFanling Public School (), a government-funded primary school, was founded in 1936. Located in Fanling, North District, New Territories, Hong Kong, it is in Fanling Village (or Fanling Wai) near MTR Fanling station. History Establishment The school was located nearby as the Tsz Tak Study Hall () in Fanling Nam Wai built in 1846. It provided education for the village children, with 20 to 30 children being taught there. In 1936, it housed the government subsidized Fanling Public School. Its function as a school ceased in 1957, when a separate school complex was constructed to its north-east. The hall is also used for ancestral worship of the Sze-yan lineage. Key milestones 1941: School was suspended due to war. 1945 Summer: School resumes after war ended. School term begins in Autumn instead of Spring. At that time there were around 100 pupils. 1955: Fanling population increase, and the school received many\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Al Bemiller is.", "output": "Albert Delane Bemiller was an American professional football player who was an offensive lineman for the Buffalo Bills of the American Football League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "AFL Darling Downs is an Australian rules football competition based in the Darling Downs region of Queensland including its major city of Toowoomba. The competition was formed as the Darling Downs Australian Football League in 1971. The senior representative team is known as the Demons and wear guernseys modelled on the Melbourne Demons guernseys. The competition has one senior grade. History of Australian Football in the Darling Downs, Queensland The Warwick Football Club was formed in 1873 in Warwick to play under Australian rules, however lacking any nearby competitors for 3 years it played mostly intra-club scratch matches until Brisbane club Civil Service travelled to Toowoomba to play against a newly formed Toowoomba Football Club in 1876. AFL Queensland cites the Toowoomba Football Club as forming in 1873, however few sources back this up. As the game spread further west of the Great Divide clubs were split on whether to\n\nAbraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 \u2013 April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union and succeeded in defeating the insurgent Confederacy, abolishing slavery, expanding the power of the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy. Lincoln was born into poverty in a log cabin in Kentucky and was raised on the frontier, primarily in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. congressman from Illinois. In 1849, he returned to his successful law practice in Springfield, Illinois. In 1854, he was angered by the Kansas\u2013Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to slavery, causing him to re-enter politics. He soon became a leader of the\n\nWellnhoferia (named after Peter Wellnhofer) is a genus of early prehistoric bird-like theropod dinosaur closely related to Archaeopteryx. It lived in what is now Germany, during the Late Jurassic. While Wellnhoferia was similar to Archaeopteryx, it had a shorter tail and its fourth toe was shorter than in Archaeopteryx. Andrzej El\u017canowski (2001) of the Institute of Zoology of the University of Wroc\u0142aw, Poland, determined the differences resulted from a \"phylogenetic reduction rather than individual variation.\" The type specimen is the Solnhofen Specimen of Archaeopteryx (BSP 1999). Discovered in the 1960s near Eichst\u00e4tt, Germany and described in 1988 by Wellnhofer (as a specimen of Archaeopteryx), it is currently located at the B\u00fcrgermeister-M\u00fcller-Museum in Solnhofen. It was originally classified as a Compsognathus by an amateur collector. Although El\u017canowski found significant differences between Wellnhoferia and Archaeopteryx, a 2007 study by Mayr et al. found Wellnhoferia was a specimen of Archaeopteryx lithographica. Senter and\n\nQuestion: Tell me what AFL Darling Downs is.", "output": "AFL Darling Downs is an Australian rules football competition based in the Darling Downs region of Queensland including its major city of Toowoomba."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Brampton Capitals were a Junior \"A\" ice hockey team from Brampton, Ontario, Canada. They were a part of the Ontario Junior Hockey League. The team was decommissioned by the league, in March 2012. History The team was formed as Nobleton Capitals in 1984 and later as the Etobicoke Capitals. Since moving to Brampton in 1989, the Capitals have been one of the more dominant teams in the OPJHL. With three league titles, the Capitals have never moved on to the Dudley Hewitt Cup. In 2000, the Capitals won their second league title, 4-games-to-2 over the Lindsay Muskies. In 2002, Brampton won their third Buckland Trophy 4-games-to-2 against the Wellington Dukes. Season-by-season results Playoffs 1994 Lost Preliminary Streetsville Derbys defeated Brampton Capitals 4-games-to-2 1995 Won League, won OHA Buckland Cup, won OHF Ruddock Trophy, lost Dudley Hewitt Cup Final Brampton Capitals defeated Burlington Cougars 4-games-to-1 Brampton Capitals defeated Streetsville Derbys\n\nA mining simulator is a type of simulation used for entertainment as well as in training purposes for mining companies. These simulators replicate elements of real-world mining operations on surrounding screens displaying three-dimensional imagery, motion platforms, and scale models of typical and atypical mining environments and machinery. The results of the simulations can provide useful information in the form of greater competence in on-site safety, which can lead to greater efficiency and decreased risk of accidents. Training Mining simulators are used to replicate real-world conditions of mining, assessing real-time responses from the trainee operator to react to what tasks or obstacles appear around them. This is often achieved through the use of surrounding three-dimensional imagery, motion platforms, and realistic replicas of actual mining equipment. Trainee operator employees are often taught in a program where they are scored against both their peers and an expert benchmark to produce a final evaluation\n\nPositive K (sometimes stylized as +K) (born Darryl Gibson on August 9, 1967) is an American MC and songwriter from the Bronx, New York City, New York, and one of the original artists of the First Priority Music camp. He is best known for his hits \"I'm Not Havin' It\" (a duet with MC Lyte) and his 1992 hit \"I Got a Man\". Early life Darryl Gibson was born August 8, 1967, and was raised in the Bronx, New York and spent much of his childhood near Richman (Echo) Park where early hip hop DJs Grandmaster Flash, DJ Sinbad and Busy Bee would throw block parties. He was inspired as a child to rap when one day The Fearless Four were performing in his neighborhood and invited him to say a rhyme on their mic. Gibson's first musical endeavor was a short-lived rap group with his family named Disco Cousins,\n\nQuestion: Define Brampton Capitals.", "output": "The Brampton Capitals were a Junior \"A\" ice hockey team from Brampton, Ontario, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Peter Hebblethwaite (30 September 1930 \u2013 18 December 1994) was a British Jesuit priest and writer. After leaving the priesthood, he became an editor, journalist ('Vaticanologist') and biographer. Life Hebblethwaite was born in Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire, the son of Charles and Elsie Ann Hebblethwaite. He was educated at the parish primary school of St Anne's, Ashton-under-Lyne, and Xaverian College, Manchester. Hebblethwaite entered the Jesuit novitiate in 1948, and later studied in England and France. He was ordained a priest in 1963. Two years later he joined the staff of the Jesuit magazine The Month, covering the final session of the Second Vatican Council. In 1967 he was appointed editor of The Month, a post he held until leaving the priesthood to marry Margaret Speaight (born 1951, London), a British writer, journalist, activist and religious worker. The couple wed in 1974 and had three children. From 1976 to 1979, he taught French\n\nNo\u00ebl Milarew Odingar (5 May 1932 \u2013 29 April 2007) was a Chadian officer who briefly served as head of state and was later one of the nine members of the Supreme Military Council, the military junta that ruled Chad between 1975 and 1978. A Sara, Odingar was born on 5 May 1932. As a graduate of the French military academy he had a rapid career, and in 1965 Odingar, with the grade of Major, took the post as commander of the Chadian Armed Forces (FAT), a choice that strengthened Sara dominance of the government. By 1968 the military situation in the country had badly deteriorated, after the creation of the rebel insurgent group FROLINAT in 1966 and the consequent loss of control by the government of many of the country's Muslim regions. As a result, President Fran\u00e7ois Tombalbaye asked France to send troops to help defeat the rebels; the\n\nErnest Kent (born January 22, 1955) is an American college basketball coach. He is the former head men's basketball coach at Washington State University. Prior to Washington State, he served as the head men's basketball coach at the University of Oregon and at Saint Mary's (CA). Kent was previously an assistant at Stanford University and also coached abroad in Saudi Arabia. Kent is a college basketball commentator with the Pac-12 Network. Basketball player Kent played for the Oregon Ducks from 1973 to 1977 under head coach Dick Harter. Nicknamed \"Million Moves\", he was a part of the Kamikaze Kids, known for constant hustle and extremely aggressive play in their attempts to win ball games. Knee injuries ended his collegiate career. Kent played high school basketball for West High School in Rockford, Illinois. As a Class of 1973 senior, he was named Parade Magazine All-American, Scholastic All-America by Scholastic Magazine, Illinois\n\nQuestion: Who is Ernie Kent?", "output": "Ernest Kent is an American college basketball coach."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Star Junction is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Perry Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located on Pennsylvania Route 51. At the 2010 census, the population was 616. History Star Junction was founded in 1893, when the Washington No. 2 Mine was opened by the Washington Coal and Coke Company. It is so-named because it was once the site of a railroad depot, the end of the line for the Washington Run Railroad. Star Junction was once a coal mining center, with beehive ovens for coke manufacture and a foundry. It was the site of labor unrest, including the walkout of 4,500 miners in 1922. Although the company store and mines are long gone, the \"patch\" (the groups of company houses) still remains and houses many residents. This area was added to the \"Determined Eligible List\" of the Bureau of Historic Preservation, as an example\n\nThe National Fire Information Council (NFIC) is a United States agency that encourages and perpetuates the use of a standardized national incident reporting system (the National Fire Incident Reporting System (NFIRS)) as a means of addressing the nation's fire problem and related emergency services issues. The NFIRS is operated by the United States Fire Administration under the Department of Homeland Security. The NFIRS information modules describe the kind of incident responded to, where it occurred, the resources and methods used to mitigate it, losses, and other information designed specifically to understand the nature and causes of fire, hazardous material (HazMat), and emergency medical service (EMS) incidents. Information is also collected on the number of civilian or firefighter casualties and an estimate of property loss. The NFIRS is used to develop national public education campaigns, make recommendations for national codes and standards, guide the allocation of federal funds, determine consumer product\n\nLadislav Smo\u010dek (born 24 August 1932, Prague, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech writer, playwright and theater director. Biography He comes from a family with a military tradition. His father was an officer in The Czechoslovakian Army. After studying at a secondary school in Plze\u0148 he graduated as a theatre director from the Theatre Faculty of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (DAMU) in 1956. His schoolmate there was for example V\u00e1clav Hude\u010dek and one of his professors was for also Franti\u0161ek Salzer. He started his career in The City Theatre in Bene\u0161ov (1956\u20131957), then he was active in Brno (1957\u20131960) and in 1960 got a place as a director in Laterna magika in Prague. And after few more years he decided to move to the National theatre company where he in 1965 co-founded The Drama Club (\u010cinohern\u00ed klub), where he remains employed as a playwright and director until the present.\n\nQuestion: Define National Fire Information Council.", "output": "The National Fire Information Council is a United States agency that encourages and perpetuates the use of a standardized national incident reporting system) as a means of addressing the nation's fire problem and related emergency services issues."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System is a drug classification system that classifies the active ingredients of drugs according to the organ or system on which they act and their therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical properties. Its purpose is an aid to monitor drug use and for research to improve quality medication use. It does not imply drug recommendation or efficacy. It is controlled by the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (WHOCC), and was first published in 1976. Coding system This pharmaceutical coding system divides drugs into different groups according to the organ or system on which they act, their therapeutic intent or nature, and the drug's chemical characteristics. Different brands share the same code if they have the same active substance and indications. Each bottom-level ATC code stands for a pharmaceutically used substance, or a combination of substances, in a single indication (or use). This\n\nPadr\u00f3n () is a concello (Galician for municipality) in the Province of A Coru\u00f1a, in Galicia (Spain) within the comarca of O Sar. It covers an area of 48.4 km\u00b2, is 95 km from A Coru\u00f1a and 23km from Santiago de Compostela. , had a population of 8968 according to the INE. Padr\u00f3n is divided into five parishes: (San Pedro de) Carcac\u00eda (Santa Mar\u00eda de) Cruces (Santa Mar\u00eda de) Herb\u00f3n (Santa Mar\u00eda de) Iria Flavia (or Ir\u00eda Flavia) (Santiago de) Padr\u00f3n History and etymology Iria Flavia was a Celtic settlement, capital the Capori, located in the confluence of rivers Sar and Ulla, and on the crossroads to Braga (Portugal) and Astorga (Le\u00f3n). It became Iria Flavia under Titus Flavius Vespasianus, and it was the Episcopal See during the Middle Ages until Alfonso II of Asturias moved it to Compostela after the foundation of Santiago's sepulchre. In modern days, the town\n\nLydia Wideman (later Wideman-Lehtonen, 17 May 1920 \u2013 13 April 2019) was a cross-country skier from Finland and the first female Olympic medalist in cross-country skiing. In 1952 she competed in thirteen 10 km races and won all of them, including the 1952 Winter Olympics, national championships and Lahti Ski Games. Wideman and her twin sister Tyyne were born in a family of ten siblings. Many members of her family were skilled cross-country skiers. In particular, Tyyne won the national 10 km title in 1949\u20131951, beating Lydia in 1951, but retiring the same year. In February 2018, following the death of Durward Knowles, she became the oldest living Olympic champion. She died on 13 April 2019, aged 98. Cross-country skiing results All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Olympic Games References External links 1920 births 2019 deaths Cross-country skiers at the 1952 Winter Olympics Finnish female cross-country\n\nQuestion: Who was Lydia Wideman?", "output": "Lydia Wideman was a cross-country skier from Finland and the first female Olympic medalist in cross-country skiing."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The SC Rapperswil-Jona Lakers are a professional ice hockey club from Rapperswil, Switzerland and are members of the National League. History The Lakers were founded in 1945 and were known as SC Rapperswil-Jona until 2005, when the club changed its name to Rapperswil-Jona Lakers and then again changed their name to SC Rapperswil-Jona Lakers in 2015. They play their home games at St. Galler Kantonalbank Arena. NHL veteran Doug Gilmour skated for the Lakers during the NHL lockout-shortened season in 1994. The Lakers had survived relegation in every NLA season since last making the playoffs in 2007\u201308 until the 2014\u201315 season, when they were swept by the SCL Tigers in the promotion/relegation round. They returned to the Swiss League for the 2015\u201316 season. In 2017\u201318 season, the Lakers claimed the Swiss Cup, while also finishing victorious in the Swiss League Championship against EHC Olten and the promotion round against EHC\n\nCrago Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned by the Astronomical Society of New South Wales. It is located at Bowen Mountain, near North Richmond, which is around from Sydney city. The observatory has a large rotating dome atop a concrete block building. Until 2020 it housed a 16\u2033 \u0192/7 Dobsonian telescope, fitted with Argo Navis and ServoCAT. Then a combination of storm damage to the observatory and the COVID-19 pandemic forced the observatory to close temporarily. The society decided to take advantage of that extended break to upgrade the telescope, and commissioned the construction of a new 22\" f/5 telescope. It is expected to re-open with the new telescope during 2022. There is also a wide range of eyepieces and star charts available for use with the telescope. Crago is one of the most accessible observatories to Sydney residents that does not suffer from excessive light pollution compared to Sydney\n\nRonald Wilson Reagan College Preparatory High School (RWR) is a high school located at 4965 South 20th Street in the Town of Lake neighborhood of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. It is a part of Milwaukee Public Schools (MPS). Formerly known as Town of Lake College Preparatory High School, the school changed its name following the death of former President Ronald Reagan in June 2004. The renaming was approved by the Milwaukee Board of School Directors on September 29, 2004, with the official renaming ceremony taking place on June 3, 2005. Ronald Wilson Reagan College Preparatory High School became an International Baccalaureate (IB) World School. Reagan has an alternating day schedule. The system is known as an A Day and B day system to the students. Notable Alumni Alec Marsh, Number 67 for the Kansas City Royals History Around 2004 it had 100 students. By 2010 it had 1,000 students, and so\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Crago Observatory is.", "output": "Crago Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned by the Astronomical Society of New South Wales."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Michel Odent (born 1930) is a French obstetrician and childbirth specialist. Education Born in a French village in 1930, Odent studied medicine in Paris and was educated as a surgeon in the 1950s. He has been presented in Lancet as \u201cone of the last real general surgeons\u201d. Professional career In charge of the surgical and maternity units of the Pithiviers hospital (France) from 1962 to 1985, Odent has developed a special interest in environmental factors influencing the birth process. He introduced the concepts of birthing rooms, birthing pools, and singing sessions for pregnant women. After his hospital career he was involved in home birth, founded in London the Primal Health Research Centre, and designed a database (primalhealthhresearch.com) to compile epidemiological studies exploring correlations between conditions during the natal \u201cprimal period\u201d and subsequent child and mother health. Odent is Visiting Professor at Odessa National Medical University and Doctor Honoris Causa of\n\nBlizzard Beasts is the fourth studio album by Norwegian black metal band Immortal. It was released on March 20, 1997, through Osmose Productions. It is the last Immortal album to feature the performance of founding member Demonaz Doom Occulta until Northern Chaos Gods (2018) and the first to feature Horgh on drums. Demonaz was later diagnosed with acute tendinitis which prevented him from playing guitar at the required speed for Immortal's music. Stylistically, Blizzard Beasts has primarily songs that are less than three minutes long, contrasting with Immortal's usual longer song lengths. Release On the first pressings of the album, the logo was etched into the jewel case front. Critical reception AllMusic gave the album an unfavorable review, writing, \"Blizzard Beasts [...] sounds like a rush job when compared to the rest of the band's triumphant catalog. The majesty of the group's songwriting is buried in the album's subpar production\n\nQazi Touqeer is an Indian singer, who won the show Fame Gurukul \u2013 along with Ruprekha Banerjee. He sings in the Kashmiri, Hindi and Urdu languages. On 20 October 2005, he managed to grab the top prize along with Ruprekha Banerjee. He was voted by the Indian public to be the winner of Fame Gurukul, India's version of \"Fame Academy.\" The president of India, in regards to Qazi Touqeer, declared him to be the hero of Kashmir. As a result of Qazi's success, a plethora of Kashmiri youth auditioned in Indian Idol tryouts, which were held in Srinagar, a city in the Kashmir Valley. He released a new album out along with Ruprekha Banerjee at the end of 2005. Qazi had no formal training before Fame Gurukul. He injured himself while rehearsing for his acting debut film, Take Off. Qazi was rehearsing at Ganesh Acharya Studios when he fell down\n\nQuestion: Who was Michel Odent?", "output": "Michel Odent is a French obstetrician and childbirth specialist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Duygu Ulusoy (aka: Duygu G\u00fcl Ulusoy; born April 24, 1987, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany), is a female Turkish skier competing in the alpine discipline. She represented Turkey at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, becoming the first female Turkish Alpine skier in the Olympic Games. Duygu, born to a Turkish family living in Germany, started skiing in her age of six. She attended ski courses for three years in her hometown Garmisch-Partenkirchen, and drew soon her trainer\u2019s attention with her talent. In her short sports career, she received more than 30 medals in her age\u2019s categories of skiing. In summer 2004, she decided to compete for Turkey after her club in Germany demoted her following an ankle injury. During a summer holiday in Darbo\u011faz, Ni\u011fde in Turkey, where her parents come from, she used the chance to apply for the Turkish national ski team, and was accepted immediately in\n\nThe London Chuck Berry Sessions is the sixteenth studio album by Chuck Berry, and consists of studio recordings and live recordings released by Chess Records in October 1972 as LP record, 8 track cartridge and audio cassette. Side one of the album consists of studio recordings, engineered by Geoff Calver; side two features three live performances recorded by the Pye Mobile Unit, engineered by Alan Perkins, on February 3, 1972, at the Lanchester Arts Festival in Coventry, England. At the end of the live section, the recording includes the sounds of festival management trying in vain to get the audience to leave so that the next performers, Pink Floyd, can take the stage; the crowd begins chanting \"We want Chuck!\". His backing band were Onnie McIntyre (guitar), Robbie McIntosh (drums), Nic Potter (bass) and Dave Kaffinetti (piano). Both McIntosh and McIntyre would later form The Average White Band. \"My Ding-a-Ling\",\n\nGnathostoma spinigerum is a parasitic nematode that causes gnathostomiasis in humans, also known as its clinical manifestations are creeping eruption, larva migrans, Yangtze edema, Choko-Fuschu Tua chid and wandering swelling. Gnathostomiasis in animals can be serious, and even fatal. The first described case of gnathostomiasis was in a young tiger that died in the London Zoo in 1835. The larval nematode is acquired by eating raw or undercooked fish and meat. G. spinigerum has a multi-host life history. The eggs hatch in fresh water and the larvae are eaten by water fleas of the genus Cyclops. The water fleas are in turn eaten by small fish. Eventually, the larvae end up in the stomachs of carnivores, usually cats and dogs. The larva bores through the stomach wall and migrates around in the host's body for about three months before returning to the stomach and attaching itself in the gastric mucosa.\n\nQuestion: Who is Duygu Ulusoy", "output": "Duygu Ulusoy, is a female Turkish skier competing in the alpine discipline."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Pegah Ahangarani (; born 24 July 1984) is an Iranian actress and director. She has received various accolades, including a Crystal Simorgh, a Hafez Award and an Iran's Film Critics and Writers Association Award. Filmography The Singing Cat (1990 \u2013 Directed by Kambuzia Partovi) The Girl in the Sneakers (1999 \u2013 Directed by Rasul Sadr Ameli) Women's Prison (2002 \u2013 Directed by Manijeh Hekmat) Our Days (2002 \u2013 Directed by Rakhshan Bani-Etemad) Maxx (2005 \u2013 Directed by Saman Moghadam) Sweet Jam (2006 \u2013 Directed by Arezoo Petrossian) Three Women (2008 \u2013 Directed by Manijeh Hekmat) Shirin (2008 \u2013 Directed by Abbas Kiarostami) Maritime silk road (2010 \u2013 Directed by Mohammad Bozorgnia) No Men Allowed (2011 \u2013 Directed by Rambod Javan) Trapped (2013 \u2013 Directed by Parviz Shahbazi) Atom Heart Mother (2013 \u2013 Directed by Ali Ahmadzadeh) A Persian Melody (2015 - Directed by Hamid Reza Ghotbi) Bandar Band (2020) Awards\n\nRabbi Chaim Kreiswirth (1918\u20132001) was an Orthodox rabbi who served as the longtime Chief Rabbi of Congregation Machzikei Hadass Antwerp, Belgium. He was the founder and rosh yeshiva of the Mercaz HaTorah yeshiva in Jerusalem, and was a highly regarded Torah scholar. Early years Kreiswirth was born in Wojnicz, Poland in 1918, the son of Rabbi Avrohom Yosef Schermann and Perla Kreiswirth. Kreiswirth studied for many years in the Poland and Lithuania including the Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva. Rabbis Chaim Ozer Grodzinski and Chanoch Henoch Eigis warmly recommended his manuscript on Tractate Zevachim, which was lost during World War II). Kreiswirth received Semicha from Chanoch Henich Eigess. Second World War With the 1939 German invasion of Poland, Kreiswirth fled to Lithuania. In Lithuania, he married the daughter of the mashgiach of Slabodka, Avraham Grodzinski. The couple then left via Vilna for Palestine, where he met Travis including the Brisker Rav, the\n\nErbach an der Donau is a town on the Danube River in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany. Located in the Alb-Donau District, Erbach lies between Ulm and Ehingen an der Donau on the southern edge of the Swabian Jura. History The oldest known mention of Erbach was in the Konstanz Tithe Book in 1275 as a parish called Irlebach, although findings dating from the Neolithic Age indicate the area around Erbach was settled earlier. Erbach received town privileges on 1 August 2002. In 1972 the community Ringingen was incorporated into Erbach. In the course of community reforms in 1974 the communities Bach, Dellmensingen, Donaurieden and Ersingen were also incorporated into Erbach. Politics The mayor is elected for a term of eight years. The term of office of Paul Roth ended on November 26, 2010. His successor is Achim Gaus, who was elected on October 24, 2010 in the second round and has taken\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Pegah Ahangarani.", "output": "Pegah Ahangarani is an Iranian actress and  director."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The New York Peace Society was the first peace society to be established in the United States. It has had several different incarnations, as it has merged into other organizations or dissolved and then been re-created. First incarnation (1815\u20131828) David Low Dodge founded the society in 1815, soon after the end of the War of 1812. It became an active organization, holding regular weekly meetings, and producing literature which was spread as far as Gibraltar and Malta, describing the horrors of war and advocating pacificism on Christian grounds. In 1828, the society merged with others in New Hampshire, Maine, and Massachusetts to form the American Peace Society. Second and third incarnations (1837\u20131844) The society was re-formed as an independent organization in 1837. Until 1844, it sought to prevent war against Mexico by advocating negotiation. It then dissolved. An attempt was made to re-create it, but this was short-lived. Fourth incarnation\n\nBirkie or Birky is an historical Scottish west coast card game for two players that is first recorded by Sir Walter Scott in 1819. It has been equated to Beggar my Neighbour, however, its rules are different. History Birkie is first recorded in Scott's Bride of Lammermoor in 1819 where he writes \"But Bucklaw cared no more about riding the first horse and that sort of thing, than he, Craigengelt, did about a game at birkie.\" In 1820, John Galt alludes to the game in his Ayrshire Legatees thus: \"It was an understood thing that not only Whist and Catch-Honours were to be played, but even obstreperous Birky itself for the diversion of such of the company as were not used to gambling games.\" In 1824, Birkie is listed as one of the most popular card games in Galloway alongside \"Catch the Ten, or Catch Honours, Lent for Beans, Brag\n\nRaft of Dead Monkeys was an American rock band from Seattle, Washington, United States, known for their controversy within the Christian punk scene. Described as a hypothetical band mocking rock culture, their early stage shows consisted of vulgar lyrics, male strippers and bloody nurses. They broke up on October 22, 2001. The majority of the band members were openly Christian and previously played in bands on Tooth & Nail Records, a label that featured primarily Christian rock bands. The band itself was not affiliated with Tooth & Nail, but the fan base of affiliated bands (Roadside Monument, Ninety Pound Wuss) was largely Christian, and was left confused when Raft released their first album which contained explicit lyrics. In 2001 Raft was invited to play Tomfest, a Christian underground music festival, and received mixed reactions when singer Jeff Suffering flipped off the crowd during their song \"Two Year Lease\", which features\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Birkie is.", "output": "Birkie or Birky is an historical Scottish west coast card game for two players that is first recorded by Sir Walter Scott in 1819."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rabindra Sarobar (formerly known as Dhakuria Lake) is an artificial lake, garden and park in South Kolkata in the Indian state of West Bengal. The name also refers to the area surrounding the lake. It is flanked by Southern Avenue to the North, Shyamaprasad Mukherjee Road to the West, Dhakuria to the East and the Kolkata Suburban Railway tracks to the south. History In the early 1920s, the Calcutta Improvement Trust (CIT), a body responsible for developmental work in the Kolkata metropolitan area, acquired about of marshy jungles. Their intention was to develop the area for residential use \u2013 improving the roads, raising and levelling some of the adjacent land and building lakes and parks. Excavation work was undertaken with the plan of creating a huge lake. The excavation of the lake was led by CIT's first chairman Cecil Henry Bompass, Kolkata Municipal Corporation's chief-engineer M.R. Atkins and a young\n\nNeely Jo Jenkins (born June 21, 1974) is a musician from Omaha, Nebraska best known for being a singer in the band Tilly and the Wall. She was also a member of the band Park Ave. with Tilly and the Wall bandmate Jamie Pressnall, (then Jamie Williams). Previously, Jenkins sang \"Contrast and Compare\" and \"Pull My Hair\" with Bright Eyes on the album Letting Off the Happiness, and \"Feb. 15th\" on A Collection of Songs Written and Recorded 1995-1997. Album appearances Bright Eyes - A Collection of Songs Written and Recorded 1995-1997 (1998 \u00b7 Saddle Creek) Bright Eyes - Letting off the Happiness (1998 \u00b7 Saddle Creek) Park Ave. - When Jamie Went to London...We Broke Up (1999 \u00b7 Team Love) Tilly and the Wall - Wild Like Children (2004 \u00b7 Team Love) Summerbirds in the Cellar - With the Hands of the Hunter it All Becomes Dead (2005 \u00b7\n\nThe Royal Bahrain Naval Force (RBNF) (previously known as Bahrain Defense Force, Naval Branch) is the maritime branch of the Bahrain Defence Force. The current Commander of the Royal Bahrain Naval Force is Rear Admiral Mohammed Yousif al-Asam. The navy consists of 7 combat vessels, 31 patrol craft, 10 landing ships and over 700 personnel. The fleet is based at Mina Salman Naval Base and has a flight wing which can operate off the corvettes, consisting of two MBB BO-105 helicopters. The flagship of the RBNF is the vessel RBNS Sabha, an American-built missile frigate given to the state as a gift in 1996. Fleet Ships Aircraft Missiles & Torpedoes Future Sep. 8, 2017 - The US State Department has made a determination approving a possible Foreign Military Sale to Bahrain for two 35 Meter Fast Patrol Boats. The estimated cost is $60.25 million. Now in service. In 2019, Bahrain\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Royal Bahrain Naval Force is.", "output": "The Royal Bahrain Naval Force is the maritime branch of the Bahrain Defence Force."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A film base is a transparent substrate which acts as a support medium for the photosensitive emulsion that lies atop it. Despite the numerous layers and coatings associated with the emulsion layer, the base generally accounts for the vast majority of the thickness of any given film stock. Since the late 19th century, there have been three major types of film base in use: nitrate (until about 1951), acetate, and polyester. Nitrate In the literature of photography \"nitrate\" is used as a synonym for the chemical nitrocellulose. It is also referred to as \"cellulose nitrate\". Nitrocellulose is guncotton, the first replacement propellant for gun powder in firearms. Film stock with a nitrate base was the first transparent flexible plasticized base commercially available, thanks to celluloid developments by John Carbutt, Hannibal Goodwin, and Eastman Kodak in the 1880s. Eastman was the first to manufacture the film stock for public sale, in\n\nEastmain ( ; ) is a Cree community located on east coast of James Bay at the mouth of the Eastmain River, Quebec, Canada. It is a small coastal Cree village with a population of 924 people in the 2021 Canadian Census up from 866 people at the 2016 Canadian Census. Its alternate Cree name is \u1419\u1438\u14c5\u1456\u1424/W\u00e2pan\u00fbt\u00e2w, meaning Lands east of James Bay. Eastmain is accessible by air (Eastmain River Airport) and by car over a gravel road linking it to the James Bay Road. The Eastmain community was greatly affected by the James Bay Project, which in 1980 diverted 90% of the Eastmain River to the La Grande River. History Like the other coastal villages on Hudson and James Bay, Eastmain was settled around a Hudson's Bay Company trading post, which was originally called East Main House. Some Cree settled there for ease in trading. Demographics As of May\n\nGordon John Lord (born 25 April 1961) is an English cricket coach, coach educator, and retired first-class cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman who played for Warwickshire and Worcestershire. Despite a promising start in which he played three youth tests for England, he never fulfilled this promise and retired well short of 100 first-class games. Playing career After his matches for Young England in the West Indies in 1979\u201380, Lord had to wait more than three years before making his senior debut for Warwickshire, in a John Player League game against Nottinghamshire in late August 1983. He made 40, and was retained for the County Championship match against the same opponents which immediately followed: in this he hit 61 and 29 to keep himself in the team for two more September Championship matches. Lord had another few outings in 1984, and had a longer run in the first team the\n\nQuestion: What is Eastmain", "output": "Eastmain is a Cree community located on east coast of James Bay at the mouth of the Eastmain River, Quebec, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Barry Quentin Word (born July 17, 1964) is a former American football running back for the National Football League (NFL). College Word played college football at the University of Virginia. In 1985, he ran for 1224 yards, which is currently the fifth most rushing yards total put up by a Virginia Cavaliers running back. Also in 1985, Word was the Atlantic Coast Conference player of the year. NFL career Barry Word was drafted in the 3rd round, 62nd overall, by the New Orleans Saints in the 1986 NFL Draft. Shortly after being drafted, he and two other Virginia athletes were indicted on cocaine distribution charges. The Saints did not offer a contact to Word after his indictment but retained his football rights. Word pleaded guilty, but his willingness to cooperate and his limited involvement in the case meant he only received 5 months in prison. After Word\u2019s release from prison\n\nThe Broadview Hawks was an Australian rules football club based in the Broadview area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The club has made Grand Final appearances in 1996, 1999, 2006 and 2012. The Hawks won the premiership in 2013 and 2014. History The club was an inaugural member of the Ontario Australian Football League , originally known as the North York Hawks and playing out of the North York area. In the mid-1990s, the club relocated to the Broadview area and changed the club name. While enjoying significant onfield success in the mid 2010s where they played in three successive Grand Finals, and won two premierships, the club was perhaps best known for its offield antics, including overnight costume party trips to Ottawa when playing the OAFL team Ottawa Swans, regularly testing the patience of the manager of sponsor pub The Fox and Fiddle on the Danforth, and legendary end of\n\nBloor Collegiate Institute (Bloor CI, BCI , or Bloor, originally Davenport High School and Bloor High School) is a public secondary school in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at the intersection of Bloor Street and Dufferin Street, in the Dufferin Grove neighbourhood. The school was originally part of the Toronto Board of Education that was merged into the Toronto District School Board. Attached to the school is Alpha II Alternative School. In fall 2021, the school was demolished. Students have been relocated to Central Technical School. The school property was transferred to the Toronto Lands Corporation, a TDSB-managed realtor arm. The new school is scheduled to open in September 2023 on a neighbouring lot. A Change.org petition was created to rename the school Bloordale Beach CI, since the new school will be located on the site of Bloordale Beach. History The school was founded in 1920 as Davenport High\n\nQuestion: Who was Barry Word?", "output": "Barry Quentin Word is a former American football running back for the National Football League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Carole Pateman FBA FAcSS FLSW (born 11 December 1940) is a feminist and political theorist. She is known as a critic of liberal democracy and has been a member of the British Academy since 2007. Biography Pateman was born in Maresfield, Sussex, England. Educated at Lewes County Grammar School for Girls, she left at age 16. She entered Ruskin College, Oxford in 1963 studying economics, politics, history and sociology, achieving a distinction. She won a place at Lady Margaret Hall to read PPE, staying on to earn a DPhil. In 1972, she became lecturer in political theory at the University of Sydney. Since 1990, Professor Pateman has taught in the Department of Political Science at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), where she is now Distinguished Professor Emeritus. Professor Pateman served as (the first woman) President of the International Political Science Association (1991\u20131994). In 2007, she was named\n\nNick Peros (born March 17, 1963) is a Canadian classical composer known for his symphonic, orchestral, choral, vocal, and chamber works. He is also a published author and a poet. Early life Peros was born in Toronto, Ontario, and received his first guitar at age six. He began serious study of the instrument at age eleven, focusing primarily on rock and blues genres. While in his teens Peros discovered classical music and composition, enrolling in formal studies of Theory and Composition with Dr. Tony Dawson at the Royal Conservatory of Music's ARCT program in Toronto from 1987 to 1989. Peros is a graduate of the University of Toronto (BSc). Compositions & recordings Peros' catalogue of works includes compositions for a cappella chorus, accompanied solo voice, solo instrumental works, as well as chamber and orchestral works. He has released four recordings to date. Vocal Peros' vocal works are primarily songs for\n\nTodi Adam J\u00f3nsson (born 2 February 1972) is a Faroese former professional footballer who played as a striker for Danish premier league clubs Lyngby FC and FC Copenhagen, Norwegian club Start and Danish club Fremad Amager. He started and ended his football career at Faroese side K\u00cd Klaksv\u00edk. He has played 45 matches for Faroe Islands national football team and is currently (2018) number two on the top goal scorer's list with 9 goals. J\u00f3nsson is the highest scoring foreign football player in the Danish Superliga (Premier League) with 72 goals. He was previously the all-time top scorer for FC K\u00f8benhavn together with Lars H\u00f8jer Nielsen, they both scored 54 goals for FCK, but they have later been surpassed by Cesar Santin and Dame N'Doye. Club career J\u00f3nsson spent a large portion of his career at the Danish Superliga side FC Copenhagen, having arrived in 1997 from Lyngby BK together\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Carole Pateman.", "output": "Carole Pateman FBA FAcSS FLSW is a feminist and political theorist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Catholic Church in Singapore is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. In 2016, the Catholic Foundation of Singapore reported the Catholic population in Singapore to be over 373,000. According to the 2020 census, 18.9% of Singaporeans identify as Christians \u2013 37.1% of which identified as Catholic and the 62.9% as 'Other Christians' (chiefly Protestants). It is currently led by Cardinal William Goh, the 4th Archbishop of the Catholic Archdiocese of Singapore. History Catholicism in Singapore has its roots from the Portuguese presence in Asia. It is believed that the first Catholic priest set foot in Singapore in 1821, two years after Stamford Raffles' landing, to attend to the needs of the growing community consisting largely of British colonialists and some Chinese; however, it is probable that there had been Portuguese missionaries operating out of Malacca in Singapore during the Portuguese\n\nL\u00ea Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng (\u9ece\u4ec1\u5b97, 28 May 1441 \u2013 25 October 1459), birth name L\u00ea Bang C\u01a1 (\u9ece\u90a6\u57fa) was the third king of the Later L\u00ea dynasty from 1453 until his murder in a coup in 1459. He was a grandson of the king L\u00ea L\u1ee3i. During nearly all of his reign, the real power behind the throne was his mother, Queen Dowager Tuy\u00ean T\u1eeb, a royal consort of L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng. Biography With the sudden death of L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng, his heir was an infant son named Bang Co, mothered by Royal Consort Nguyen Thi Anh. He was the third son of his father, but the elder son (Le Nghi D\u00e2n) had been officially passed over due to his mother's low social status. The government was actually under the control of Trinh Kha. Tr\u1ecbnh Kh\u1ea3 was a long-time aide, friend, and counselor of L\u00ea L\u1ee3i. By 1442, he was the\n\nThe House of Sharvashidze or Chachba or Shervashidze () was a Georgian-Abkhazian ruling family of Principality of Abkhazia. The family was later recognized as one of the princely families of the Russian Empire at the request of King Heraclius II of Georgia in accordance with the list of Georgian noblemen presented in the Treaty of Georgievsk. History Although the surname is given in a standard Georgian form (particularly, the typical \u2013dze suffix meaning \"a son\"), in the 12th century the family is said to have derived its original name from Shirvanshahs, a dynasty of Shirvan. Anchabadze disputes this genealogy and argues that Sharvashidze was a local dynasty (they had another purely Abkhazian name Chachba) that had invented a foreign ancestry which is not unusual in feudal genealogies. The first representative of the dynasty assumed the princely powers under the authority of the Georgian kings circa 1325. It was not, however,\n\nQuestion: What is House of Sharvashidze", "output": "The House of Sharvashidze or Chachba or Shervashidze was a Georgian-Abkhazian ruling family of Principality of Abkhazia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jean-Michel Maulpoix was born on November 11, 1952 in Montb\u00e9liard, Doubs. The author of more than twenty volumes of French poetry (in blank verse fragments and in prose) and of several volumes of essays and criticism, he teaches modern French literature at the University Paris X Nanterre and is the director of the quarterly literary journal Le Nouveau Recueil. He is an alumnus of the \u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure de Saint-Cloud. His most acclaimed work 'Une histoire de bleu' (translated in English as 'A Matter of Blue') consists of prose poems and blank verse in which, writes translator Dawn Cornelio, he 'uses the color blue to encompass melancholy and nostalgia, but also the joy and hope inherent in life'. He is webmaster of his own website, in French, English and Spanish. External links maulpoix.net Jean-Michel Maulpoix & Co.: Modern and contemporary french literature site maintained by Maulpoix 1952 births Living people\n\nThe Tikar (also Tikari, Tika, Tikali, Tige, Tigare and Tigre) are a Central African people who inhabit the Adamawa Region and Northwest Region of Cameroon. They are known as great artists, artisans and storytellers. Once a nomadic people, some oral traditions trace the origin of the Tikar people to Northern Nigeria, the Sudanian savanna, or the Sudan. Such ethnic groups were referred to in the 1969 official statistics as \"Semi-Bantus\" and \"Sudanese Negroes.\" They speak a Northern Bantoid language called Tikar. One of the few African ethnic groups to practice a monotheistic traditional religion, the Tikar refer to God the Creator by the name Nyuy.They also have an extensive spiritual system of ancestral reverence. The current population of the Tikar in Cameroon is approximately 170,000. This is a vast difference from other enslaved and trafficked ethnic groups such as the Kirdi, who still number around 15 million people. This could\n\nBrad Lee Pennington (born April 14, 1969) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. Beginning his collegiate career at Vincennes University, Pennington then pitched for Bellarmine University; he was drafted by the Baltimore Orioles in the 12th round of the 1989 amateur draft, and pitched parts of five seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) between and . External links , or Retrosheet, or Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League) 1969 births Living people Allentown Ambassadors players American expatriate baseball players in Canada Baltimore Orioles players Baseball players from Indiana Bluefield Orioles players Boston Red Sox players California Angels players Cincinnati Reds players Durham Bulls players Frederick Keys players Hagerstown Suns players Indianapolis Indians players Kane County Cougars players Lake Elsinore Storm players Major League Baseball pitchers Omaha Royals players People from Salem, Indiana Sportspeople from the Louisville metropolitan area Rochester Red Wings players Syracuse SkyChiefs players Tampa Bay Devil Rays players\n\nQuestion: Who is Brad Pennington", "output": "Brad Lee Pennington is an American former professional baseball pitcher."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kurt Wrigley (born 13 September 1969) is an Australian rugby league coach and former player. He played for the Cronulla Sharks, St. George Dragons and the Adelaide Rams and has also been an assistant coach at the South Sydney Rabbitohs and Newcastle Knights. Retirement After his retirement at the end of 1997, Wrigley went on to become a qualified coach, serving as an assistant coach for the Adelaide Rams. He then moved to the Cronulla Sharks and worked in coaching and development, coaching the Matthew's Cup side to a premiership in 2000. Following that, he took a role as NRL Assistant Coach with St. George Illawarra Dragons from 2004 to 2008. He then spent a year as Chief Executive of Oztag Australia. He worked as an NRL assistant coach with South Sydney Rabbitohs between 2010 and 2016. In 2015, he was named as the Queensland under-20s State of Origin coach.\n\nBaillieston railway station is located in Caledonia Road on the southern boundary of the Baillieston area of Glasgow, Scotland, with the Broomhouse area on the other side of the tracks. It is on the Whifflet Line (a branch of the more extensive Argyle Line), east of Glasgow Central railway station. Train services are provided by ScotRail. The line was built in the period 1864-1866 by the Caledonian Railway and was called the Rutherglen to Coatbridge branch. The new station opened by British Rail on 4 October 1993 under the financial management of the Strathclyde PTE. History The original station, which was situated 1 km east of the present, was opened by the Caledonian Railway in January 1866 when passenger traffic started. The line became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway during the Grouping of 1923. The line then passed on to the Scottish Region of British Railways on\n\nStefan Krau\u00dfe (born 17 September 1967 in Ilmenau, Bezirk Suhl) is a former East German luger who competed from the mid-1980s to 1998. Together with Jan Behrendt he won two Olympic gold medals (1992, 1998), one silver medal (1988) and one bronze (1994) in men's doubles. In addition, they won eleven medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with seven golds (Men's doubles: 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995; Mixed team: 1991, 1993, 1995) and four silvers (Men's doubles: 1997, Mixed team: 1989, 1996, 1997). At the FIL European Luge Championships, they won a total of six medals with four golds (Men's doubles: 1996, 1998; Mixed team: 1996, 1998) and two bronzes (Men's doubles: 1990, 1992). They won the overall Luge World Cup men's doubles title three times (1993-4, 1994\u20135, 1995\u20136). Behrendt and Krau\u00dfe retired after the 1998 Olympics. The same year they were proclaimed honorary citizens of Ilmenau. References Stefan Krau\u00dfe\n\nQuestion: Who is Kurt Wrigley", "output": "Kurt Wrigley is an Australian rugby league coach and former player."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Christine \"Chrissie\" Williams (also Levy) is a fictional character from the BBC medical drama Holby City, played by Tina Hobley. She first appeared in the third series episode \"The Road Less Travelled\", broadcast on 5 June 2001. Hobley decided to leave Holby City and Chrissie's final appearance occurred in the sixteenth series episode \"Merry-Go-Round\", which was broadcast on 19 November 2013. Development Chrissie first appeared in the final episode of the third series of Holby City. The episode was titled \"The Road Less Travelled\" and was originally broadcast on 5 June 2001. Executive producer Mal Young approached Hobley about the possibility of joining Holby City and she stated her interest. Young created the role especially for Hobley because he thought a \"bitchy\" role was suited to her. Chrissie was also created to replace the vacant Ward Sister role following the departure of Julie Fitzjohn (Nicola Stephenson). Chrissie is introduced via\n\nSuperman: Ultimate Flight is the name of three flying roller coasters currently operating at three Six Flags amusement parks in the United States, those being Six Flags Over Georgia, Six Flags Great Adventure and Six Flags Great America. Each of these steel coasters were designed and built by Swiss manufacturer Bolliger & Mabillard and opened in 2002 and 2003. Since 2003, Six Flags has installed Superman: Ultimate Flight in three of their parks. Themed to the popular comic book character, Superman: Ultimate Flight simulates flying by positioning its passengers parallel to the track, supported by harnesses and facing the ground through most of the ride. In the station, riders board the train sitting down. After the train is locked and checked, the trains are raised into the flying position. After the ride, the seats are lowered back into the sitting position for the next round of riders. History The first\n\nMandalay Hill ( ) is a hill that is located to the northeast of the city centre of Mandalay in Myanmar. The city took its name from the hill. Mandalay Hill is known for its abundance of pagodas and monasteries, and has been a major pilgrimage site for Burmese Buddhists for nearly two centuries. At the top of the hill is the Sutaungpyei (literally wish-fulfilling) Pagoda. A panoramic view of Mandalay from the top of Mandalay Hill alone makes it worthwhile to attempt a climb up its stairways. There are four covered stairways called saungdan leading up the hill from the south, southeast, west and north, and convenient seats of masonry work line these stairways all the way up. A one-way motor road today saves time and also makes it accessible for those who are unable to climb up the stairs, leading to an escalator and a lift to the\n\nQuestion: What's Chrissie Williams?", "output": "Christine \"Chrissie\" Williams is a fictional character from the BBC medical drama Holby City, played by Tina Hobley."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Vasse is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in Western Australia. Vasse is based in the South West region of the state, centred on the town of Busselton and is named for the Vasse River. It has been a safe seat for the Liberal Party at all times since its creation, including as its previous incarnation, Sussex. The current MLA, Liberal Libby Mettam, won a by-election on 18 October 2014 following the resignation of former Liberal leader Troy Buswell. Geography Originally centred on Geographe Bay and Busselton, the redistribution ahead of the 2008 state election expanded the electorate south to include large parts of the Shire of Augusta-Margaret River which had formerly been in Warren-Blackwood prior to that district's abolition. Apart from Busselton and its suburbs, the Vasse district includes the towns of Vasse, Dunsborough/Quindalup, Yallingup, Margaret River, Cowaramup, Gracetown and Prevelly as well as part of Witchcliffe. History\n\nThe interphalangeal joints of the hand are the hinge joints between the phalanges of the fingers that provide flexion towards the palm of the hand. There are two sets in each finger (except in the thumb, which has only one joint): \"proximal interphalangeal joints\" (PIJ or PIP), those between the first (also called proximal) and second (intermediate) phalanges \"distal interphalangeal joints\" (DIJ or DIP), those between the second (intermediate) and third (distal) phalanges Anatomically, the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints are very similar. There are some minor differences in how the palmar plates are attached proximally and in the segmentation of the flexor tendon sheath, but the major differences are the smaller dimension and reduced mobility of the distal joint. Joint structure The PIP joint exhibits great lateral stability. Its transverse diameter is greater than its antero-posterior diameter and its thick collateral ligaments are tight in all positions during flexion,\n\nTop of the Pops Reloaded (TOTP Reloaded), is a weekly children's music show broadcast as part of the Saturday morning CBBC schedule on BBC Two. It was based on the show, Top of the Pops, and was originally known as Top of the Pops Saturday from 2002 to 2005. It was shown on BBC Two at 11am on Saturdays and repeated at 6pm on the CBBC Channel on Sunday. Presenters included Fearne Cotton, Sam Nixon and Mark Rhodes. The show also regularly featured Radio 1 DJs JK & Joel. From episode twelve onwards, a new feature was introduced where digital viewers could press their red button to access a different choice of music. Richard Oliff was the first ever 'Dad-Dancer' to be featured on the show, performing to Mylo's Doctor Pressure. Top of the Pops Saturday Top of the Pops Saturday began on 21 September 2002 as part of the\n\nQuestion: Define Top of the Pops Reloaded.", "output": "Top of the Pops Reloaded, is a weekly children's music show broadcast as part of the Saturday morning CBBC schedule on BBC Two."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Paul Mills Rhymer (November 21, 1905-October 26, 1964) was an American scriptwriter and humorist best known as the creator of radio's long-run Vic and Sade series. With a listening audience of 7,000,000, Vic and Sade was voted the number one daytime radio series in 1942, and Rhymer is regarded by many as one of the great humorists of the 20th Century. Born in Fulton, Illinois, in 1905, Rhymer grew up in Bloomington, Illinois, attending Illinois Wesleyan University in the mid-1920s. Following his father's death, he dropped out of college to help support his mother. After employment on the Chicago and Alton Railroad, he worked as a cabdriver and then became a reporter with The Pantagraph, the Bloomington newspaper. He lost that job when the editor learned Rhymer had been fabricating interviews with non-existent people. In 1929, Rhymer moved to Chicago and signed on with the continuity department of NBC Radio,\n\nJoy Westmore (; 13 March 1932 \u2013 5 November 2020) was an Australian actress on radio, stage and television, and in voice-over. She was best known to local and international television viewers for her long-running role in Prisoner as the friendly but highly ineffectual bespectacled officer Joyce Barry, appearing from the first season in 1979 until the final episode in 1986 and smaller roles in Neighbours in 1991 and 2003. Career Westmore had been an actress since 1950. She read commercials on radio and was particularly known for her performances opposite Barry Humphries's alter ego Dame Edna Everage. She also appeared in early television comedy sketches with Graham Kennedy and Ernie Sigley. She made her small-screen debut in the TV movie The Sentimental Bloke, and subsequently had roles in the soap The Sullivans and in Bellbird, before taking on the longer-lasting role of Officer Joyce Barry in Prisoner. She was\n\nBeaupr\u00e9 Hall was a large 16th-century house mainly of brick, which was built by the Beaupres in Outwell, Norfolk, England and enlarged by their successors the Bells. Like many of Britain's country houses it was demolished in the mid-20th century. History of the Hall The history of the Hall begins with its family origins, a Norman from Saint-Omer who dwelled and, according to Christopher Hussey \"christened his domain with gallic grace, among the dull-sounding names of the danes.\" The knight of St Omer (de Beau-pr\u00e9) accompanied William the Conqueror's invasion of England; he \"appears in the Roll of Battle Abbey, and his descendants lived here in their place of Beaupr\u00e9.\" Several other noted members of the St Omer family are Sir Hugh de St Omer and John de St Omer, who according to the chronographer Matthew Paris, were known to have 'penned a counterblast' to a monk of Peterborough who\n\nQuestion: Who is Joy Westmore", "output": "Joy Westmore was an Australian actress on radio, stage and television, and in voice-over."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Michael Collins Piper (born Michael Bernard Piper; July 16, 1960 \u2013 May 2015) was an American political writer, conspiracy theorist and talk radio host. Piper was a regular contributor to both The Spotlight and its successor, the American Free Press, newspapers backed by Willis Carto and noted for their antisemitic and White separatist/White nationalist themes. Piper was described on his website as a political \"progressive in the La Follette-Wheeler tradition.\" He wrote books such as The High Priests of War, in which he criticized the neoconservatives in the Bush administration, and Final Judgment, where he claimed that Israel's Mossad, the CIA and organized crime was responsible for the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy. He had been criticized by many organizations, including the Anti-Defamation League, the Simon Wiesenthal Center, and the Middle East Media Research Institute, which have described Piper as a promoter of antisemitic conspiracy theories and Holocaust\n\nNigadoo is a community and former village in Gloucester County, New Brunswick. It held village status prior to 2023 and is now part of the town of Belle-Baie. Nigadoo is located at the mouth of the Nigadoo River on Nepisiguit Bay, 15 km northwest of Bathurst and adjacent to Beresford. In the Mi'gmaq language \"nigadoo\" or \"Mimoogwodoo\" roughly translates as \"place to hide\". History The Name Nigadoo, comes from the old Mi\u2019gmaq word \u201cMimoogwodoo\u201d meaning \u201cthe hiding place\u201d. Long before Samuel de Champlain, John Cabot or Nicolas Denys charted the Chaleur Region it was inhabited by the Mi\u2019gmaq People. The legend on how Nigadoo got its name goes back to those times before European settlers came. Historically, is known that the Mi\u2019gmaq people and the Iroquois (Mohawk) people were sometimes at war with each other, as their territories bordered each other around the area now known as Edmundston. It was\n\nTarnee Renee White, OAM (born 17 October 1981), also known by her married name Tarnee Southwell, is an Australian breaststroke swimmer who won a silver medal in the 4\u00d7100-metre medley relay at the 2000 Summer Olympics. Coming from the Redcliffe club in Queensland, and coached by Ken Wood, White made her international debut at the 1999 Pan Pacific Championships in Sydney, where she came 7th in the 100-metre breaststroke. At the Sydney Olympics the following year, White swum the breaststroke leg in the heats of the 4\u00d7100-metre medley relay, before being replaced by fellow Wood swimmer Leisel Jones in the team that trailed the United States home in the final. She also competed in the 100-metre breaststroke, where she placed 7th. White competed at the 2001 World Aquatics Championships in Fukuoka, Japan, coming 9th in both the 50-metre and 100-metre breaststroke events. She collected her first individual medal at the\n\nQuestion: Who is Michael Collins Piper?", "output": "Michael Collins Piper was an American political writer, conspiracy theorist and talk radio host."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The National Prayer Breakfast is a yearly event held in Washington, D.C., usually on the first Thursday in February. The founder of this event was Abraham Vereide. The event\u2014which is actually a series of meetings, luncheons, and dinners\u2014has taken place since 1953 and has been held at least since the 1980s at the Washington Hilton on Connecticut Avenue NW. The National Prayer Breakfast, held in the Hilton's International Ballroom, is yearly attended by some 3,500 guests, including international invitees from over 100 countries. Up until 2023 it was hosted by members of the United States Congress and organized on their behalf by the Christian organization Fellowship Foundation (also sometimes just referred to as The Fellowship). As of 2023 the official National Prayer Breakfast is run by the a new organization, the \u201cNational Prayer Breakfast Foundation\u201d. It is designed to be a forum for the political, social, and business elite to\n\nKRLD-FM (, \"105.3 The Fan\") is a commercial radio station licensed to Dallas, Texas, and serving the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. KRLD-FM is owned by Audacy, Inc., and airs a sports radio format. The station's studios and offices are located along North Central Expressway in Uptown Dallas, and the transmitter site is in Cedar Hill. The station airs local sports talk shows most of the day and evening, and carries nationally syndicated programming from CBS Sports Radio during the late night and overnight hours. KRLD-FM is the flagship station of the Dallas Cowboys Radio Network and the Texas Rangers Radio Network. Some early hours on weekends are paid brokered programming. In the sports radio format, KRLD-FM's chief rival is Sportsradio 1310/96.7 The Ticket. However, it also shares audience with KEGL 97.1 The Freak, a hot talk and sports betting-formatted station. KRLD-FM broadcasts in HD Radio. It carries the all-news/talk format of\n\nArden Street Oval (also known as North Melbourne Cricket Ground) is a sports oval in North Melbourne, Victoria. It is currently the training base of the North Melbourne Football Club, an Australian rules football club, and up to the end of the 1985 season it was used as the team's home ground for Victorian Football League (VFL) matches. History The North Melbourne Recreation Reserve is an inner-suburban sporting facility which is distinguished by its long standing association with the North Melbourne Football Club; it has served as the home of North Melbourne for more than 125 years. Not much is known about the exact date that Arden St Oval was officially opened, but local history purports it as being as old as the suburb itself. The Hotham Cricket Club served as the ground's only tenants until 1882 when they amalgamated with the Hotham Football Club - as they were then\n\nQuestion: Tell me what National Prayer Breakfast is.", "output": "The National Prayer Breakfast is a yearly event held in Washington, D.C., usually on the first Thursday in February."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alexander Goss (5 July 1814 \u2014 3 October 1872) was the second Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Liverpool. Biography Alexander Goss was born at Ormskirk, Lancashire of recusant background, connected on both sides with old Lancashire families who had always been Catholics; his father was descended from the Gooses or Gosses, his mother from the Rutters. His maternal uncle, the well-known priest, Rev. Henry Rutter, sent him to Ushaw College, 20 June 1827, where he distinguished himself as a student. When he had completed his philosophy course he was appointed as a \"minor professor\" to teach one of the classes in the humanity schools. On the death of his uncle, he spent the legacy he received, in going to Rome, where he studied theology at the English College, and was ordained priest on 4 July 1841. On his return to England, early in March, 1842, he was sent\n\nCount Ivan Andreyevich Osterman (; 1725\u20131811) was a Russian statesman and the son of Andrei Osterman. After Osterman's father fell into disgrace, Ivan Osterman was transferred from the Imperial Guards to the regular army and then sent abroad, where he continued his education. In 1757, Osterman was in the Russian service again. He held diplomatic posts in Paris and Stockholm, where he would exercise considerable influence on Gustav III of Sweden. In 1774, Osterman was appointed a member of the Governing Senate. In 1783, Osterman was appointed Minister of foreign affairs of Imperial Russia, but would play only a secondary role in this post. His closest associates - Count Bezborodko, Prince Zubov, Fyodor Rostopchin - were the ones with real power, but they lacked the fluency in languages and oleaginous manner of address which Osterman was famed for. In 1796, Osterman was appointed the Chancellor of the Russian Empire, again\n\nJens Lindemann (born 1966) is a German-born Canadian trumpet soloist of Polish Jewish heritage now based in Los Angeles. He is the first classical brass soloist to be awarded the Order of Canada, the country's highest civilian honour. He played in the Canadian Brass from 1996 to 2001 and continues to play at major concert venues all over the world as an orchestral soloist, with chamber groups, jazz bands, and also as a recitalist and masterclinician. Lindemann is a professor with high distinction at University of California, Los Angeles and was a Distinguished Visiting Artist at Shenandoah Conservatory of Shenandoah University in Winchester, Virginia. He has also taught at the Banff Centre in Banff, Alberta. Lindemann also has an honorary doctorate (LL.D.) from McMaster University, Honorary Fellow (FRCMT) from the Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto and the Medal of Excellence from MacEwan University. Named \"Personality of the Year 2006\"\n\nQuestion: Who is Ivan Osterman?", "output": "Count Ivan Andreyevich Osterman was a Russian statesman and the son of Andrei Osterman."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kevin Brian Bishop (born 18 June 1980) is a British actor, comedian and writer. He is best known for his roles as Jim Hawkins in Muppet Treasure Island, Stupid Brian in My Family, and Nigel Norman Fletcher in the 2016 revival of Porridge, and as star of The Kevin Bishop Show, which he co-wrote with Lee Hupfield. Life and career Bishop's first role was in Grange Hill. His second role, at age 16, was as Ben Quayle in Silent Witness. He played Stupid Brian in three episodes of My Family. He starred in Muppet Treasure Island as Jim Hawkins. In 2005, he portrayed the late comedian Dudley Moore onstage in Pete and Dud: Come Again, a drama charting Moore's turbulent relationship with Peter Cook, which debuted at the Assembly Rooms as part of the Edinburgh Fringe before transferring to The Venue in London's West End in March 2006. In August\n\nTatiana Day (, Tatyanin den), also known as Tatyana's Day or Students Day, is named after Saint Tatiana, a Christian martyr in 3rd-century Rome during the reign of Emperor Alexander Severus. It is also the name day for the name Tatiana. The Russian Orthodox Church celebrates St. Tatiana's feast on 12 January Julian, which corresponds to 25 January Gregorian in the 20th and 21st centuries. In Russia, the day is known as Students Day, commemorating the end of the winter university exams session. Background On 12 January 1755 Julian (23 January 1755 Gregorian), Empress Elizabeth of Russia signed a decree for the establishment of the first Russian university, which was constructed in Moscow and put under the care of the first Russian Minister of Education Ivan Shuvalov (that day was his mother's name day). In 1791, the Church of Saint Tatiana was built in the university campus, and the Russian\n\nIn Dante's Inferno, contrapasso (or, in modern Italian, contrappasso, from Latin and , meaning \"suffer the opposite\") is the punishment of souls \"by a process either resembling or contrasting with the sin itself.\" A similar process occurs in the Purgatorio. One of the examples of contrapasso occurs in the fourth Bolgia of the eighth circle of Hell, where the sorcerers, astrologers, and false prophets have their heads turned back on their bodies such that it is \"necessary to walk backward because they could not see ahead of them.\" This alludes to the consequences of predicting the future by evil means and displays the twisted nature of magic in general. This example of contrapasso \"functions not merely as a form of divine revenge, but rather as the fulfillment of a destiny freely chosen by each soul during his or her life.\" The word contrapasso can be found in Inferno, in which\n\nQuestion: Define Contrapasso.", "output": "In  Dante's Inferno, contrapasso is the punishment of souls \"by a process either resembling or contrasting with the sin itself.\" A similar process occurs in the Purgatorio."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Foreign exchange risk (also known as FX risk, exchange rate risk or currency risk) is a financial risk that exists when a financial transaction is denominated in a currency other than the domestic currency of the company. The exchange risk arises when there is a risk of an unfavourable change in exchange rate between the domestic currency and the denominated currency before the date when the transaction is completed. Foreign exchange risk also exists when the foreign subsidiary of a firm maintains financial statements in a currency other than the domestic currency of the consolidated entity. Investors and businesses exporting or importing goods and services, or making foreign investments, have an exchange-rate risk but can take steps to manage (i.e. reduce) the risk. History Many businesses were unconcerned with, and did not manage, foreign exchange risk under the international Bretton Woods system. It was not until the switch to floating\n\nA glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) is a type of outburst flood caused by the failure of a dam containing a glacial lake. An event similar to a GLOF, where a body of water contained by a glacier melts or overflows the glacier, is called a j\u00f6kulhlaup. The dam can consist of glacier ice or a terminal moraine. Failure can happen due to erosion, a buildup of water pressure, an avalanche of rock or heavy snow, an earthquake or cryoseism, volcanic eruptions under the ice, or massive displacement of water in a glacial lake when a large portion of an adjacent glacier collapses into it. Increasing glacial melting because of climate change, alongside other environmental effects of climate change (i.e. permafrost melting) mean that regions with glaciers are likely to see increased flooding risks from GLOFs. This is especially true in the Himalayas where geologies are more active. A 2023\n\nRoxanne McKee (born 10 August 1980) is a British actress and model. She is best known for playing Louise Summers in the British soap opera Hollyoaks (2005\u20132008), Lou Foster in the British drama series Lip Service (2010), Doreah in the American fantasy drama series Game of Thrones (2011\u20132012) and Lady Claire Riesen in the American apocalyptic supernatural series Dominion (2014\u20132015). She has also starred in films including Wrong Turn 5: Bloodlines (2012), Vendetta (2013) and The Legend of Hercules (2014). Early life and education McKee was born in Canada to Irish parents and completed a BA degree in Social Policy & Political Studies at Royal Holloway, University of London in 2005. Career Hollyoaks McKee auditioned for the role of Hollyoaks character Louise Summers in 2004 as part of Hollyoaks: On the Pull, a nationwide search to find a new actor. After being chosen from over 35,000 applicants, McKee began portraying\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Foreign exchange risk is.", "output": "Foreign exchange risk is a financial risk that exists when a financial transaction is denominated in a currency other than the domestic currency of the company."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Maribel Yerxa Owen (April 25, 1940 \u2013 February 15, 1961) was an American figure skater. She was the daughter of skaters Maribel Vinson and Guy Owen and the sister of 1961 U.S. Ladies' Champion Laurie Owen. With pairs partner Dudley Richards, they placed tenth at 1960 Winter Olympics and won the U.S. national championship in 1961. Along with her mother, sister, and the U.S. Figure Skating team and coaches, Owen died in the crash of Sabena Flight 548 en route to the 1961 World Championships. Life and career Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Owen was the first child born to Guy Owen and Maribel Vinson. She was named after her mother, and was known as \"Maribel, Jr.\" or \"Mara\". Her younger sister Laurence was also a champion skater, both coached by their mother. Owen began to skate before the age of three and at the time the Owen family was living\n\nEfraym Elliott Yamin (born July 20, 1978) is an American singer known for his hit single \"Wait for You\" and for placing third on the fifth season of American Idol. His self-titled album, released March 20, 2007, debuted at number one on the Billboard Independent Albums chart and at number three on the Billboard 200. The album was certified gold in the United States in October 2007. Retitled Wait for You, the album was released in Japan in May 2008 and certified gold in that country in September 2008. Yamin also released two Christmas collections: Sounds of the Season: The Elliott Yamin Holiday Collection in October 2007 and My Kind of Holiday in October 2008. Yamin's second album, titled Fight for Love, was released on May 5, 2009. The album's first single, \"Fight for Love\", premiered on AOL Music on February 13, 2009. His third album, Gather 'Round was released\n\nThe AHEPA University General Hospital (), also known as AHEPA Hospital, is considered one of the biggest hospitals in Greece, based in Thessaloniki. Covers 680 beds and all the spectrum of medical and surgical specialities of medicine as well as the psychiatric sector. Is associated with the 4th Health District of Health Services of Macedonia and Thrace as an independent service, with administrative and economic autonomy. The central service of AHEPA hospital is located in the territory of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, within the administrative region of the municipality of Thessaloniki. It is a major teaching hospital and part of the ESY (), the National Healthcare System of Greece. The structured areas of the hospital cover 50,000 sqm, built in several time points, to cope with the emerging needs. History AHEPA University Hospital was founded in 1947 with the economic support of the AHEPA, which is a Greek organization in\n\nQuestion: What is Maribel Owen?", "output": "Maribel Yerxa Owen was an American figure skater."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bjerkvik is a village in Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located at the end of Herjangsfjorden, an arm of Ofotfjorden. Bjerkvik sits less than south of the border of Troms county and about across the fjord from the town of Narvik. The village has a population (2018) of 1,159 which gives the village a population density of . The European route E6 and European route E10 highways meet in Bjerkvik, a central location on the roads connecting Harstad, Narvik, and Troms\u00f8. Elveg\u00e5rdsmoen military camp lies on the eastern edge of the village near the lake Hartvikvatnet. Bjerkvik School is a children's and secondary school in Bjerkvik in Narvik municipality in Nordland. The school has about 200 pupils. The village also has two gas stations and three grocery stores. Bjerkvik Church was built here in 1955 to serve the northern part of the municipality. History During World\n\nTa\u015fk\u00f6pr\u00fc ( \"stone bridge\") is a town in Kastamonu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Ta\u015fk\u00f6pr\u00fc District. Its population is 17,048 (2021). The town lies at an elevation of . The town takes its name from the stone bridge constructed in the 13th century by the Chobanids over the G\u00f6k River. The 68 meter span is supported on seven arches and still carries automobile traffic. Ta\u015fk\u00f6pr\u00fc is 42 km from Kastamonu. It is noted for its garlic; the name Ta\u015fk\u00f6pr\u00fc Sar\u0131msa\u011f\u0131 is a protected designation of origin (PDO). History In its history, the district has been one of the important settlements of several civilizations. In 64 BC it became part of the Roman Empire. During Ottoman rule, Ta\u015fk\u00f6pr\u00fc was part of Kastamonu Eyalet, and later Kastamonu Vilayet. See also Pompeiopolis References Further reading Latife Summerer, Pompeiopolis-Ta\u015fk\u00f6pr\u00fc. 2000 Years between Metropolis and County Town\n\nOld Time Relijun is a band founded in Olympia, Washington, United States and a longtime member of K Records. Current members consist of Germaine Baca on drums, Aaron Hartman on upright bass, Ben Hartman on saxophones, and Arrington de Dionyso on electric guitar, vocals and bass clarinet. The reviews of the band are radically mixed among critics. Pitchfork Media gave a very critical review of their Uterus and fire album, while another praised the band for their \"brilliance\". The band first began recording under a home-made audio cassette label, Pine Cone Alley, and were later adopted by indie label K Records. Old Time Relijun are currently based in Portland, Oregon. Discography 1997 Songbook Vol. I (Pine Cone Alley) CD - out of print \"Casino\" on Overboard compilation (YOYO) \"Siren\" on Selector Dub Narcotic compilation (K) (the above were recorded with Bryce Panic on drums) 1998 \"Qiyamat\" on KAOS Theory compilation\n\nQuestion: Define Old Time Relijun.", "output": "Old Time Relijun is a band founded in Olympia, Washington, United States and a longtime member of K Records."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Atlantic pomfret (Brama brama), also known as Ray's bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a pomfret of the family Bramidae. It is found in the Atlantic, Indian, and South Pacific Oceans, at depths down to . Its length is between . In South Africa, where it is a common bycatch of the hake fishery, it is generally known and sold as \"angelfish\", although it is not a true marine angelfish. The Atlantic pomfret has very significant migration patterns which greatly depend on the temperature of intermediate waters, but are also affected by secondary reactions from density dependence and the climatic conditions of the surface. Although the species was first recorded in Irish waters in 1843, it was still regarded as scarce up until the late 1950s, but between the 1960s and 1970s large numbers were recorded. The population has been booming since the late 2000s. References External\n\nDry Drayton is a village and civil parish about 5 miles (8 km) northwest of Cambridge in Cambridgeshire, England, listed as Draitone in the Domesday Book in 1086. It covers an area of . History The ancient parish of Dry Drayton formed between the Roman Via Devana (now the A14) to the north, and the Cambridge to St Neot's road to the south, covering an area of 2421 acres. In 1966 around 350 acres were removed from the north west of the parish to create the new civil parish of Bar Hill. Now completely cleared of ancient woodland, the village has been used for arable farming for centuries. Listed as Draitone in the Domesday Book, the village became known as Dry Drayton by the start of the 13th century to distinguish it from Fen Drayton (5 miles to the north west) and the fact that it was susceptible to times\n\nRoots Hall is a football stadium located in Southend-on-Sea, Essex, England. The stadium is the home ground of the Vanarama National League team Southend United. With a capacity of 12,392, Roots Hall is the largest football stadium in Essex. During the early 21st century, there was lengthy discussion of a new 22,000 seat stadium at Fossetts Farm, but a change of ownership in 2023 seemingly ended prospects of that development. History Pre-Roots Hall (1900s\u20131940s) The site now occupied by Roots Hall is where Southend United had originally played their home games on their formation in 1906. Upon the outbreak of the First World War the area was designated for storage and Southend were forced out. After the war the club elected to move to a new ground at the Kursaal and Roots Hall first became a quarry for sand then a tipping site. Relocation to Roots Hall (1950s) By the\n\nQuestion: Define Roots Hall.", "output": "Roots Hall is a football stadium located in Southend-on-Sea, Essex, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gillian Sewell (born November 1, 1972, in Belfast, Northern Ireland) is a former Irish Canadian field hockey player who earned 36 international caps for the Canada during her career. On national level Sewell, a resident of Hamilton, Ontario, has participated in the CIAU Championships for four years and has led her team to three OWIAA Championships. She has been a CIAU and conference all star from 1991 to 1994 and 1996. The Belfast-born Sewell claimed all-star honours in Indoor Hockey as well for both Ontario and Canada. She captained the 1993 Canadian Junior World Cup Team. International Senior Tournaments 1995 \u2013 Pan American Games, Mar del Plata, Argentina (3rd) 1995 \u2013 Olympic Qualifier, Cape Town, South Africa (7th) 1997 \u2013 World Cup Qualifier, Harare, Zimbabwe (11th) External links Profile on Field Hockey Canada 1972 births Living people Canadian female field hockey players Sportspeople from Hamilton, Ontario Canadian people of Northern\n\nNobleford is a town in southern Alberta, Canada that is approximately northwest of the City of Lethbridge. It has emerged as a bedroom community of Lethbridge. History The hamlet of Noble was established in 1909. It was named after Charles S. Noble, who owned much land in the area and built many of the local buildings. In 1910, Noble moved his family to the area from Claresholm. The hamlet was renamed Nobleford in 1913, in order to differentiate from a community in Ontario. On February 28, 1918, Nobleford was incorporated as a village, and its first mayor was Noble. A century later to the day, Nobleford incorporated as a town on February 28, 2018. A major employer in Nobleford from the 1930s to 1998 was a cultivator factory established by Charles Noble, manufacturing variations of the Noble blade. This reduced-tillage plow was designed to cut weed roots below the soil\n\nThe David and Lucile Packard Foundation is a private foundation that provides grants to not-for-profit organizations. It was created in 1964 by David Packard (co-founder of HP) and his wife Lucile Salter Packard. Following David Packard's death in 1996, the Foundation became the beneficiary of part of his estate. The foundation's goals, through the use of grants, are to \"improve the lives of children, enable creative pursuit of science, advance reproductive health, and conserve and restore earth\u2019s natural systems.\" As of 2016, The David and Lucile Packard Foundation was the 20th wealthiest foundation in the United States. Financials As of December 2015, the Foundation's investment portfolio totaled $6.7 billion. General program grant awards for 2015 totaled $307 million. According to the OECD, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation provided USD 122.9 million for development in 2018, all of which was related to its grant-making activities. Areas of funding The majority\n\nQuestion: What is Nobleford?", "output": "Nobleford is a town in southern Alberta, Canada that is approximately  northwest of the City of Lethbridge."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus. Atomic physics typically refers to the study of atomic structure and the interaction between atoms. It is primarily concerned with the way in which electrons are arranged around the nucleus and the processes by which these arrangements change. This comprises ions, neutral atoms and, unless otherwise stated, it can be assumed that the term atom includes ions. The term atomic physics can be associated with nuclear power and nuclear weapons, due to the synonymous use of atomic and nuclear in standard English. Physicists distinguish between atomic physics\u2014which deals with the atom as a system consisting of a nucleus and electrons\u2014and nuclear physics, which studies nuclear reactions and special properties of atomic nuclei. As with many scientific fields, strict delineation can be highly contrived and atomic physics is often considered in\n\nChris Haywood (born ) is an English-born Australian actor, writer and producer, with close to 500 screen performances to his name. Haywood has also worked as a casting director, art director, sound recordist, camera operator, gaffer, grip, location and unit manager. Early life and education Haywood was born around 1948 in Billericay, Essex, England. He spent his early childhood in Chelmsford before moving to High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire where he attended Royal Grammar School from 1959 to 1965. He then started working in the cellars of a local wine shipper before gaining a place at E15 Acting School. After graduating in 1970 he emigrated to Australia. Career Soon after arriving in Sydney, Haywood became involved with the Nimrod Theatre Company, helping to build the premises with scrap timber. He was the artistic director of the Pros and Cons Playhouse at Parramatta Gaol from 1979 to 1981, and established the drama\n\nStig Svante Eug\u00e9n Bergling, later Stig Svante Eug\u00e9n Sandberg and Stig Svante Eug\u00e9n Sydholt, (1 March 1937 \u2013 24 January 2015) was a Swedish Security Service officer who spied for the Soviet Union. The Stig Bergling-affair, one of Sweden's greatest spy scandals, began when he was arrested in Israel in 1979 by Israeli counterintelligence and in the same year in Sweden was sentenced to life imprisonment for aggravated espionage. He escaped in 1987, with the assistance of his then\u2013wife Elisabeth Sj\u00f6gren during a conjugal visit, and fled to Moscow. Bergling's escape was a major embarrassment for Sweden's liberal prison system and prompted the resignation of the justice minister. Bergling lived for several years in the Soviet Union, Hungary and Lebanon until, for health reasons, he voluntarily returned to Sweden in 1994. He continued to serve his sentence until 1997, when he was paroled. During the last years of his life,\n\nQuestion: What's Atomic physics?", "output": "Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A koilocyte is a squamous epithelial cell that has undergone a number of structural changes, which occur as a result of infection of the cell by human papillomavirus (HPV). Identification of these cells by pathologists can be useful in diagnosing various HPV-associated lesions. Koilocytosis Koilocytosis or koilocytic atypia or koilocytotic atypia are terms used in histology and cytology to describe the presence of koilocytes in a specimen. Koilocytes may have the following cellular changes: Nuclear enlargement (two to three times normal size). Irregularity of the nuclear membrane contour, creating a wrinkled or raisinoid appearance. A darker than normal staining pattern in the nucleus, known as hyperchromasia. A clear area around the nucleus, known as a perinuclear halo or perinuclear cytoplasmic vacuolization. Collectively, these types of changes are called a cytopathic effect; various types of cytopathic effect can be seen in many different cell types infected by many different viruses. Infection\n\nThe Getaway Plan are an Australian rock music band, which formed in 2004. Founding mainstays are Matthew Wright on lead vocals, piano and rhythm guitar and Clint Ellis on lead guitar. They were joined in 2014 by Dan Maio on drums, and his brother, Mike Maio on bass guitar. Former long-term members are Dave Anderson on bass guitar and Aaron Barnett on drums and percussion. The Getaway Plan found commercial success in Australia upon the release of their debut studio album, Other Voices, Other Rooms, in 2008. The album peaked at number one on the AIR Charts (Australian Independent Records) and number 14 on the ARIA Albums Chart. Their second studio album, Requiem, appeared in 2011. The group's first self-funded, A double a-sided single is \"Lovesick/Mirrors\" (2013). The Getaway Plan released their third studio album, Dark Horses, in 2015. It debuted at number ten on the ARIA Albums Chart \u2013\n\nKashmore District (, ), previously known as Khizmer or Khizmore, is a district of the province of Sindh, Pakistan. The capital city is Kandhkot. The district has a population of 1,090,336. Kashmore District is a part of Larkana Division. Its old name was Khizmer or Khizmor. The spoken languages are Sindhi and Balochi. Its border is connected with Punjab and Balochistan provinces. Kashmore city is gateway to Punjab province and Balochistan province. In 2004, Kashmore became a district after its separation from Jacobabad District. Administrative divisions Kashmor District is subdivided into three tehsils: Kashmore Tehsil Kandhkot Tehsil Tangwani Tehsil The tehsils are further subdivided into union councils: Agriculture Kashmor District has a large cattle market. Geography Kashmor District is located in the northern part of Sindh, bordering Ghotki, Jacobabad, Shikarpur and Sukkur within Sindh. It also borders Balochistan on one side and Punjab on the other. The Indus river runs\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Koilocyte is.", "output": "A koilocyte is a squamous epithelial cell that has undergone a number of structural changes, which occur as a result of infection of the cell by human papillomavirus."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "John Custer (born October 30, 1962) is an American record producer and musician. He produced the Grammy-nominated \"Drowning in a Daydream\" by Corrosion of Conformity and their fourth album, Deliverance, which is a gold album. Additionally, he has produced #1 songs on the Billboard charts and The Album Network charts as well as Hall of Fame inducted albums in national and world-wide music press. In 2014, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Carolina Music Awards. He has been called the \"Indestructible Godfather of the NC Music Industry\". Early life Custer is from Cary, North Carolina, the son of Janine and Donald Custer\u2014who worked for the United States Secret Service and CIA respectively\u2014and moved to Cary to work for the military-industrial complex part of IBM in the Research Triangle Park. Custer describes his parents as \"more than cosmopolitan folk\", exposing him to a wide range of musical styles. He\n\nThe McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research is a research institute of the University of Cambridge in England. History The institute was established in 1990 through a benefaction from the late Dr Daniel McLean McDonald, a successful industrialist: the endowment totalled approximately \u00a311 million. McDonald (1905 \u2013 1991) was founder and chairman of the BSR Group, manufacturers of record turntables and record changers. The benefaction enabled the university to construct purpose-built premises for the Institute which include research rooms and laboratories, together with storage space, a seminar room and a modest library. Mission and purpose The Institute provides support for Cambridge-based researchers in the various branches of archaeology, with a particular interest in the archaeology of early human cognition. The Institute emphasises the value of archaeological science, and contains laboratories for geoarchaeology, archaeozoology, archaeobotany, and artefact analysis. The extensive faunal remains collection of the Department of Archaeology is now based within\n\nMichael Rapada (born August 28, 1964) best known as \"The Colorado Kid\" Mike Rapada is an American professional wrestler. Professional wrestling career Mike Rapada started out in Colorado Springs, Colorado. It took three months, but eventually he convinced Jeff Jarrett to hire him. After Jarrett left for the WWF, Rapada sought out training from the likes of Ken Wayne, Buddy Wayne and others. He also made several appearances on WCW Monday Nitro as a security guard during his career. In 1994, he was named Rookie of the Year in the United States Wrestling Association promotion out of Memphis. He also had a reign as NAASW North American Heavyweight champion in Jonesboro, Arkansas, beating Cactus Jack, and as USWA Unified World Heavyweight champion, beating Jerry Lawler. Until winning the NWA World Heavyweight Championship in September 2000, he had been the NWA North American Heavyweight champion, the top belt recognized by the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research is.", "output": "The McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research is a research institute of the University of Cambridge in England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "RCAF Station Charlottetown was a Royal Canadian Air Force station located in Sherwood, Prince Edward Island. Today's Charlottetown Airport maintains a remnant of the airfield's runways near its general aviation terminal, but all buildings and most infrastructure have been removed. Charlottetown Airport The site of RCAF Station Charlottetown is located in the northeast part of Queens Royalty. It was selected by the City of Charlottetown for a civilian aerodrome to serve central Prince Edward Island in 1938 after the city's original aerodrome, Upton Field, was considered too small and obsolete. A property between the Brackley Point and Norwood/Union roads was purchased for $30,000 by the municipal government. The municipal and provincial governments divided the cost of developing the new airport in exchange for an equivalent division of revenue sharing. The municipal government maintained title to the facility and agreed to operate it. Following the outbreak of World War II and\n\nFab Lab is a British television programme designed for pre-school children. It was aired on the CBeebies channel from June 2002 until 15 October 2006, as well as CBeebies on BBC Two, although the series was put on hiatus between 19 December 2004 and 3 September 2005. It is an introduction to science, nature and technology for young children. The program features two pixies named \"Trixi\" and \"Dixi\" and a dog (male, breed unspecified) called \"Prof\". Trixi and Dixi are puppets while Prof is played by a human in a whole-body dog suit. The two pixies live under the floor of a large garden shed known as the \"Fab Lab\". The shed is used as a laboratory by Prof who investigates various phenomena such as rainfall or the germination of plants. He explains features of the physical and natural world to the pixies, sometimes with the aid of a personal\n\nAfro-Germans () or Black Germans () are people of Sub-Saharan African descent who are citizens or residents of Germany. Cities such as Hamburg and Frankfurt, which were formerly centres of occupation forces following World War II and more recent immigration, have substantial Afro-German communities. With modern trade and migration, communities such as Frankfurt, Berlin, Munich, and Cologne have an increasing number of Afro-Germans. , in a country with a population of 83,000,000 people, there were an estimated 1,000,000 Afro-Germans. History African and German interaction 1600 to late 1800s During the 1720s, Ghana-born Anton Wilhelm Amo was sponsored by a German duke to become the first African to attend a European university; after completing his studies, he taught and wrote in philosophy. Later, Africans were brought as slaves from the western coast of Africa where a number of German estates were established, primarily on the Gold Coast. After King Friedrich Wilhelm\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Fab Lab is.", "output": "Fab Lab is a British television programme designed for pre-school children."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Adamic language, according to Jewish tradition (as recorded in the midrashim) and some Christians, is the language spoken by Adam (and possibly Eve) in the Garden of Eden. It is variously interpreted as either the language used by God to address Adam (the divine language), or the language invented by Adam with which he named all things (including Eve), as in the second Genesis creation narrative (). In the Middle Ages, various Jewish commentators held that Adam spoke Hebrew, a view also addressed in various ways by the late medieval Italian poet Dante Alighieri. In the early modern period, some authors continued to discuss the possibility of an Adamic language, some continuing to hold to the idea that it was Hebrew, while others such as John Locke were more skeptical. More recently, a variety of Mormon authors have expressed various opinions about the nature of the Adamic language. According\n\nHunsonby is a village and civil parish in the Eden district of Cumbria, England, north east of Penrith. The parish is located south east of the city of Carlisle. Within the parish is the ancient stone circle of Long Meg and Her Daughters but not the nearby standing stone of Little Meg which is located near Langwathby. In 2011 the Census reported the parish to have a total population of 388. In 1870\u201372, John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described Hunsonby (and Winskill) as: \"Hunsonby and Winskel, a township in Addingham parish, Cumberland; on a branch of the river Eden, 4 miles SSE of Kirkoswald. Real property, \u00a31,690. Pop., 208. Houses, 38. There is a Wesleyan chapel.\" History 19th Century The civil parish of Hunsonby was formed in 1934 from a merger of the two parishes of Hunsonby and Winskill; and Little Salkeld, which were formed in\n\nElsdon Storey is an Australian neurologist, former Rhodes Scholar & Professor of Neurology at Monash University. His clinical and research interests are in neurogenetics (especially the hereditary ataxias) and behavioural neurology (especially the dementias). After clinical neurology training in Oxford and Melbourne, and research training at Oxford, Massachusetts General Hospital and with Colin Masters at Melbourne University, Storey was appointed as the first Van Cleef Roet Professor of Neuroscience at Monash in 1996. He is also Head of the Alfred Neurology Unit. He is on the Council of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Neurologists as Neurology Co-Editor of their official Journal (the Journal of Clinical Neuroscience), and the Boards of the Brain Foundation, Neurosciences Victoria, and the Bethlehem-Griffiths Foundation. In the 2022 Australia Day Honours, he was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for \"significant service to medicine in the field of neurology, and to professional\n\nQuestion: What is Adamic language", "output": "The Adamic language, according to Jewish tradition and some Christians, is the language spoken by Adam in the Garden of Eden."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Cleasby is a village and civil parish in the North Yorkshire district of North Yorkshire, England. It is close to the River Tees and Darlington and the A1(M). The population at the 2011 Census of ONS was 208. History The village is mentioned in the Domesday book as \"Clesbi\". The manor had been the possession of a local named Thor, but passed to Enisant Mussard after the Norman invasion. The mesne lordship passed to the lords of Constable Burton from Enisant which eventually ended in the hands of the Scrope family. Enisant continued to hold a demesne lordship here which passed to Harsculph an ancestor of the Cleasby family. By the early fourteenth century the direct line of inheritance had ended and the manor passed to the Fitz Hugh family of Ravensworth who held it until the middle of the sixteenth century when it passed to the Crown. In 1602\n\nDenver Coliseum is an indoor arena, owned by the City and County of Denver, operated by its Denver Arts & Venues and located in Denver, Colorado. The arena holds 10,200 people and was built from 1949 to 1951. The coliseum is located in Denver's Elyria-Swansea neighborhood. It sits where the Denver Pacific Railway broke ground on its Cheyenne line in 1868. Opening on November 8, 1951, with a six-day run of Shipstads & Johnson Ice Follies, today the Denver Coliseum is an integral venue of the National Western Stock Show and hosts a multitude of other events including: commencement ceremonies, rodeos, ice shows, motor shows, circuses, concerts, motivational seminars, dances, exhibits and trade shows. Notables include: CHSAA high school volleyball, spirit and basketball playoffs and championships, Disney on Ice, The Denver March Pow Wow, The Denver Coliseum Mineral, Fossil, Gem, and Jewelry Show, cheerleading competitions and roller derby. After McNichols\n\nArdgay railway station is a railway station serving the village of Ardgay and its neighbour Bonar Bridge in the Highland council area of Scotland. The station is on the Far North Line, from , between Tain and Culrain. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services. History Opened on 1 October 1864 as Bonar Bridge by the Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway and designed by Joseph Mitchell, it became the meeting point of the Sutherland Railway and the Inverness and Ross-shire Railway. It was renamed Ardgay on 2 May 1977. Platform layout The station has a passing loop long, flanked by two platforms. Platform 1 on the southbound line can accommodate trains having ten coaches, but platform 2 on the northbound line can only hold five. Facilities Both platforms have benches, but only platform 1 has a designated waiting area, as seen in the photo on the left. Platform 2\n\nQuestion: What is Cleasby", "output": "Cleasby is a village and civil parish in the North Yorkshire district of North Yorkshire, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A sag pond is a body of fresh water collected in the lowest parts of a depression formed between two sides of an active strike-slip, transtensional or normal fault zone. Formation A sag pond is formed along a strike-slip fault, which may create a depression in the earth. When water enters the depression from rivers, streams, rainfall or snowfall, it fills the low-lying area, and a pond is the result. Scientific significance Sag pond formation is common in California, and many of them can be found on the San Andreas Fault, which runs through the western part of the state. Aerial photography or high-resolution topography can easily determine their locations. Uses Sag ponds have been converted into stock reservoirs. Larger sag ponds are converted into reservoirs for public water sources, such as San Andreas Lake Examples Sag ponds of various sizes can be found along the San Andreas Fault, most\n\nVitellogenin (VTG or less popularly known as VG) (from Latin vitellus, yolk, and genero, I produce) is a precursor of egg yolk that transports protein and some lipid from the liver through the blood to the growing oocytes where it becomes part of the yolk. Normally, it is only found in the blood or hemolymph of females, and can therefore be used as a biomarker in vertebrates of exposure to environmental estrogens which stimulate elevated levels in males as well as females. \"Vitellogenin\" is a synonymous term for the gene and the expressed protein. The protein product is classified as a glycolipoprotein, having properties of a sugar, fat and protein. It belongs to a family of several lipid transport proteins. Vitellogenin is an egg yolk precursor found in the females of nearly all oviparous species including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, most invertebrates, and monotremes. Vitellogenin is the precursor of the\n\nTerry Raymond is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Gavin Richards. Terry is initially introduced briefly in 1996 as the drunken father of Tiffany (Martine McCutcheon) and Simon Raymond (Andrew Lynford). He is reintroduced as a full-time character in 1997 and remains in the serial until 2002, when actor Gavin Richards decided to leave. Storylines Terry arrives in Albert Square in October 1996, looking for his children, Tiffany and Simon (Martine McCutcheon and Andrew Lynford). Terry was once a successful estate agent, but lost his fortune when the housing market collapsed in the 1980s. He began drinking heavily and his behaviour towards his family became abusive and violent. His marriage to Tiffany and Simon's mother deteriorated. Eventually she left him and her children. Prior to his arrival, Terry tries writing to his children, telling them that his alcohol abuse has resulted in him being hospitalised\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Vitellogenin is.", "output": "Vitellogenin is a precursor of egg yolk that transports protein and some lipid from the liver through the blood to the growing oocytes where it becomes part of the yolk."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hockey Nova Scotia is the governing body of all ice hockey in Nova Scotia, Canada. Hockey Nova Scotia is a branch of Hockey Canada. History The Maritime Amateur Hockey Association (MAHA) was granted a branch membership within the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) in 1928, with its jurisdiction including the Maritimes provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. The New Brunswick Amateur Hockey Association separated from the MAHA and became its own branch of the CAHA in 1968. The MAHA ceased to exist when the Nova Scotia Hockey Association was granted branch status in the CAHA in 1974, and then the Prince Edward Island Hockey Association was formed and also granted branch status in the CAHA. Leagues Maritime Junior A Hockey League (Tier II Junior \"A\") Nova Scotia Junior Hockey League (Junior \"B\") Nova Scotia Junior C Hockey League (Junior \"C\") Notable executives Hanson Dowell \u2013 treasurer\n\nMagazine Gap Road is a winding road on the affluent and ultra-expensive Mid-Levels and the Peak on the Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. It is one of the main access leading to the Peak area. Description It starts low from Robinson Road and Garden Road. It runs east and uphill and meets Bowen Road and May Road. It continues and meets the junction with Coombe Road and Peak Road at . It ends in , where , a Japanese war shrine, was built during Japanese occupation of the territory between 1941 and 1945. It was destroyed in 1947, shortly after the Liberation of Hong Kong. With road connections nearby, vehicles can reach either north or south of the island through roads in Wan Chai Gap and Wong Nai Chung Gap. Intersections See also List of streets and roads in Hong Kong \u00a7 Hong Kong Island Grenville House Zig-zag Stubbs\n\nKRFC (88.9 MHz) is a community-based FM radio station in Fort Collins, Colorado. The station is owned and operated by Public Radio for the Front Range. The station's programming includes music of numerous genres, played by volunteer DJs. Some news, information and syndicated shows are on the schedule as well. Although similar in funding strategies to a traditional public radio station, KRFC is not a member of any of the major networks such as NPR or Pacifica. KRFC has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 50,000 watts, with a signal extending from the Wyoming border to the suburbs of Denver. The transmitter is on Weld County Route 80 near Route 17 in Severance, Colorado. History Public Radio for the Front Range (PRFR) was started by a group of former DJs from KCSU-FM. DJs who were not current students were forced to leave after KCSU-FM's underwriter, Colorado State University, decided to\n\nQuestion: What is Magazine Gap Road", "output": "Magazine Gap Road is a winding road on the affluent and ultra-expensive Mid-Levels and the Peak on the Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\u00d6reskoga is a fictional town in Sweden, where most of the fictional novels and later TV Series Bert-diaries take place. The main character of the novels, Bert Ljung, lives in \u00d6reskoga, at Klosterstigen 18. In the books, he lives in a three floors high house with six flats, while he in the TV series live in a high-rise apartment building, similar to those in Hagalund. The name \u00d6reskoga is a portmanteau of the hometowns of the authors of the Bert-diaries - S\u00f6ren Olsson's hometown, \u00d6rebro, and Anders Jacobsson's hometown, Karlskoga. \u00d6reskoga is located somewhere between Karlskoga-\u00d6rebro. Geography Outside \u00d6reskoga is the lake of N\u00f6ckeln, where Bert and his friends are swimming and bathing in the summertime. The cover of the book Bert och badbrudarna depicts Bert swimming in the lake. \u00d6reskoga also has a town park, where Bert and Nadja meet below the old oak at the end of Berts\n\nA glass-ceramic-to-metal seal is a type of mechanical seal which binds glass-ceramic and metal surfaces. They are related to glass-to-metal seals, and like them are hermetic (airtight). Properties Glass-ceramics are polycrystalline ceramic materials prepared by the controlled crystallization of suitable glasses, normally silicates. Depending on the starting glass composition and the heat-treatment schedule adopted, glass-ceramics can be prepared with tailored thermal expansion characteristics. This makes them ideal for sealing to a variety of different metals, ranging from low expansion tungsten (W) or molybdenum (Mo) to high expansion stainless steels and nickel-based superalloys. Glass-ceramic-to-metal seals offer superior properties over their glass equivalents including more refractory behaviour, in addition to their ability to seal successfully to many different metals and alloys. They have been used in electrical feed-through seals for such applications as vacuum interrupter envelopes and pyrotechnic actuators, in addition to many applications where a higher temperature capability than is possible\n\nMari Yoriko Sabusawa (July 10, 1920 \u2013 September 25, 1994) was a translator, activist, and philanthropist. She was the third wife of novelist James A. Michener, whom she married on October 23, 1955, in Chicago, Illinois. Early life A second-generation Japanese American, Sabusawa was born to Harry and Riki Sabusawa and raised in Las Animas, Colorado. Her family moved to Long Beach, California in 1936. Sabusawa graduated from Long Beach Polytechnic High School in 1938, and then began studying at Long Beach Junior College. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor and enactment of Executive Order 9066, Subasawa and her family were sent to California's Santa Anita Assembly Center and then interned at the Granada War Relocation Center (Camp Amache) in Colorado. Shortly thereafter, she was allowed to leave for Antioch College in Ohio where she received a degree in political science and international relations. Through Antioch's cooperative job program, she\n\nQuestion: Define \u00d6reskoga.", "output": "\u00d6reskoga is a fictional town in Sweden, where most of the fictional novels and later TV Series Bert-diaries take place."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Auchenorrhyncha suborder of the Hemiptera contains most of the familiar members of what was called the \"Homoptera\" \u2013 groups such as cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, planthoppers, and spittlebugs. The aphids and scale insects are the other well-known \"Homoptera\", and they are in the suborder Sternorrhyncha. Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders, and many are vectors of viral and fungal diseases of plants. It is also common for Auchenorrhyncha species to produce either audible sounds or substrate vibrations as a form of communication. Such calls range from vibrations inaudible to humans, to the calls of many species of cicadas that can be heard for hundreds of metres, at least. In season, they produce the most characteristic and ubiquitous noise of the bush. Etymology The word \"Auchenorrhyncha\" is from the Greek \u03b1\u1f50\u03c7\u03ae\u03bd, 'neck, throat' and \u1fe5\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2, 'snout'. Classification Debate and uncertainty as to whether the Auchenorrhyncha is a monophyletic\n\nThe Daimler Manufacturing Company (DMFG), was a boutique American automaker company from 1898 to 1907. From 1888 to 1898, the company was known as the Daimler Motor Company (DMC), formed under a partnership between Gottlieb Daimler of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG; predecessor to Mercedes-Benz) and William Steinway of piano manufacturer Steinway & Sons. Headquartered in Long Island City, Queens, New York City near Steinway's Astoria headquarters, the company sold Daimler motors for yachts and launches, and goods vehicles including buses and trucks. It built and sold a single automobile model, the original American Mercedes. History In 1885, Gottlieb Daimler and business partner Wilhelm Maybach developed one of the first gasoline-powered engines, known as \"the grandfather clock engine\". At some point in 1888, Daimler met piano maker William Steinway, son of Steinway & Sons founder Henry E. Steinway and a former associate of Maybach. Some sources state that Daimler visited New York as\n\nEdward Kenneth Taubensee (born October 31, 1968) is a former Major League Baseball catcher. Taubensee played for three different ballclubs during his career: the Cleveland Indians (, ), Houston Astros (-), and Cincinnati Reds (-). He was originally drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the 6th round of the June draft in 1986. The Oakland Athletics selected him in the Rule 5 Draft on December 3, 1990. He was claimed by the Cleveland Indians on April 4, 1991, and made his major league debut on May 18, 1991, with the Indians. He is well known for being traded along with Willie Blair from the Indians to the Astros in exchange for outfielder Kenny Lofton and infielder Dave Rhode on December 10, 1991, a trade that many consider to be one of the most lopsided moves made in the 1990s, as Lofton went on to have an excellent career, while Taubensee\n\nQuestion: What's Auchenorrhyncha?", "output": "The Auchenorrhyncha suborder of the Hemiptera contains most of the familiar members of what was called the \"Homoptera\" \u2013 groups such as cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, planthoppers, and spittlebugs."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A certificate policy (CP) is a document which aims to state what are the different entities of a public key infrastructure (PKI), their roles and their duties. This document is published in the PKI perimeter. When in use with X.509 certificates, a specific field can be set to include a link to the associated certificate policy. Thus, during an exchange, any relying party has an access to the assurance level associated with the certificate, and can decide on the level of trust to put in the certificate. RFC 3647 The reference document for writing a certificate policy is, , . The RFC proposes a framework for the writing of certificate policies and Certification Practice Statements (CPS). The points described below are based on the framework presented in the RFC. Main points Architecture The document should describe the general architecture of the related PKI, present the different entities of the PKI\n\nLamotte-Picquet was a French light cruiser, launched in 1924, and named in honour of the 18th century admiral count Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte. Design and description The design of the Duguay-Trouin class was based on an improved version of a 1915 design, but was reworked with more speed and a more powerful armament to match the British and the American light cruisers. The ships had an overall length of , a beam of , and a draft of . They displaced at standard load and at deep load. Their crew consisted of 591 men when serving as flagships. Service history Completed in 1927, Lamotte-Picquet was based at Brest until 1933, serving with the 3rd Light Division, of which she was flagship. In 1935, she was sent to the Far East, where at the outbreak of war in 1939, she patrolled around French Indochina and the Dutch East Indies. After\n\nIn combinatorics, a squarefree word is a word (a sequence of symbols) that does not contain any squares. A square is a word of the form , where is not empty. Thus, a squarefree word can also be defined as a word that avoids the pattern . Finite squarefree words Binary alphabet Over a binary alphabet , the only squarefree words are the empty word , and . Ternary alphabet Over a ternary alphabet , there are infinitely many squarefree words. It is possible to count the number of ternary squarefree words of length . This number is bounded by , where . The upper bound on can be found via Fekete's Lemma and approximation by automata. The lower bound can be found by finding a substitution that preserves squarefreeness. Alphabet with more than three letters Since there are infinitely many squarefree words over three-letter alphabets, this implies there are\n\nQuestion: Define French cruiser Lamotte-Picquet.", "output": "Lamotte-Picquet was a French  light cruiser, launched in 1924, and named in honour of the 18th century admiral count Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Leighton Road () is a main road in Causeway Bay, Hong Kong. It begins east of Causeway Road and ends at the west of the junction with Morrison Hill Road and Canal Road. History Part of the road skirts Leighton Hill to its north while part of it runs along Lee Garden (a property of the Lee Hysan family), known as Jardine's Hill (owned by Jardine-Matheson) in early colonial days. The area adjacent to the road is relatively quiet compared to the business centre of East Point of Causeway Bay. Features A branch road, Wong Nai Chung Road leads to the Happy Valley Racecourse and the upscale residential area of Happy Valley. No. 8. Crowne Plaza Hong Kong Causeway Bay Hotel, an InterContinental Hotels Group-franchised hotel, has been located there since 2009. No. 66. Po Leung Kuk headquarters No. 77. Leighton Centre (), owned by Hysan Development Company, is a\n\nBustleholme Football Club is a football club based in West Bromwich, West Midlands, England. They are currently members of the and play at York Road in Rowley Regis. History The club was established as a youth team in 1975 by parents of the players. In 1996 they joined Division One South of the West Midlands (Regional) League. After finishing as runners-up in their 1996\u201397, the club were promoted to the Premier Division. Despite finishing bottom of the Premier Division in 2007\u201308, the club were not relegated. This was repeated the following season. In 2009\u201310 Bustleholme won the league's Premier Division Cup, beating AFC Wulfrunians 1\u20130 in the final. They avoided relegation again after finishing bottom of the Premier Division in 2012\u201313, but a second-from-bottom finish the following season saw the club relegated to Division One. Ground The club groundshared at Queen Street in Bilston until 2007. They later moved to\n\nBayble () is a large village in Point (An Rubha), on the Isle of Lewis, east of Stornoway. Bayble is also within the parish of Stornoway. There are around 400 people living in Bayble. It is separated into Upper and Lower Bayble by a burn at the bottom of the valley. Upper Bayble () had a community shop, Murdo's, which has now closed after 44 years of service. Upper Bayble has produced three internationally recognised writers of poetry and prose, Iain Crichton Smith, Derick Thomson and Anne Frater. The former writing predominantly in English and the latter two writing almost exclusively in Gaelic. Lower Bayble () is a seaside crofting township. The village overlooks Bayble Bay (B\u00e0gh Phabail), with Bayble Island (Eilean Phabail) at the south end and Eilean a' Ch\u00e0ise to the north. References External links Canmore - Lewis, Lower Bayble site record Canmore - Lewis, Lower Bayble, Clach\n\nQuestion: Define Bayble.", "output": "Bayble is a large village in Point, on the Isle of Lewis,  east of Stornoway."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Brown Shipley is a member of Quintet Private Bank. It is headquartered in London's Moorgate, behind the Bank of England. Brown Shipley offers wealth planning, investment management and lending services for private, corporate and institutional clients. Effective January 2022, the CEO is Calum Brewster. History In 1800, Irish merchant Alexander Brown, founder of Alex Brown & Sons went into business in Baltimore, Maryland, importing Irish linen and exporting cotton and tobacco back to Britain. In 1810, his eldest son William brought the family business to Liverpool under the name William Brown & Co. In 1812 William returned to Baltimore to introduce his new wife and baby to his family and to report on trading and political conditions in Liverpool and Europe. In 1825, William formed a partnership with Joseph Shipley. The new trading firm financed merchants who were shipping goods between Britain, the United States and other parts of Europe\n\n\"Bring Me the Disco King\" is a song written by David Bowie in the early 1990s, and recorded three times, although only the last recording was released as part of Bowie's Reality album in 2003. A remix was also released in 2003 as part of the Underworld movie soundtrack. Background Early recordings \"Bring Me the Disco King\" was first recorded for Black Tie White Noise in 1993 and again for Earthling in 1997, but never made it to the final release of these albums. While promoting Black Tie White Noise, Bowie called the song \"a depressing song summing up the sad late Seventies with a Philip Glass refrain running through it\", at the time expecting it to be included on the album. Nile Rodgers, who produced the track with Bowie, recalled years later that Bowie wrote it as \"a spoof on the whole disco thing from the seventies, one hundred\n\nJames Trenton, nicknamed \"the Poorman\", is an American radio broadcaster. He is best known as the creator and host of Loveline on KROQ-FM in Los Angeles from 1983 to 1993. He currently hosts a morning radio program on KOCI 101.5 FM, a station located in south Orange County, California. \"Poorman's Morning Rush\" is also now in 4 markets. Three shows are taped daily M-F (KBSZ, KZFX, KLUK) and KOCI is live five days a week. Career in radio Trenton began his entertainment career in the mid-80s on then underground alternative radio station KROQ-FM in Los Angeles. During the following decade, he created and hosted the popular nighttime show Loveline, co-hosted the KROQ morning show, and appeared on Oprah as one of the most outrageous DJs in America. Early years Under \"The Poorman\" moniker, Trenton wrote and self-published two guidebooks about dining in the Los Angeles area on a budget. In\n\nQuestion: What's Bring Me the Disco King?", "output": "\"Bring Me the Disco King\" is a song written by David Bowie in the early 1990s, and recorded three times, although only the last recording was released as part of Bowie's Reality album in 2003."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A bankruptcy risk score is a number that indicates the likelihood of an individual filing for bankruptcy. Although it has been used for over twenty years to assess risk in lending, few consumers know of it. It is related to the better-known credit score, but unlike credit scores, bankruptcy risk scores are not sold to consumers by any of the credit bureaus. Consequentially, individuals have little or no way of knowing what their bankruptcy risk scores are or how to improve upon them. Furthermore, since there is no standardized index of measurement, consumers often have trouble contextualizing their score on a standardized scale, instead only receiving general information from a single bureau. This is also referred to as debt analysis which allows lenders the ability to assess a customers' risk in taking out a loan. One can improve their score by paying bills on time, keeping balances low, and having\n\nTramway track is used on tramways or light rail operations. Grooved rails (or girder rails) are often used to provide a protective flangeway in the trackwork in city streets. Like standard rail tracks, tram tracks consist of two parallel steel rails. Tram rails can be placed on several surfaces, such as with standard rails on sleepers like railway tracks, or with grooved rails on concrete sleepers into street surfaces (pavement) for street running. Tram rails in street have the disadvantage that they pose a risk to cyclists. An alternative is to lay tracks into non-road grass turf surfaces; this is known as green track, grassed track, or track in a lawn. History Tramway tracks have been in existence since the mid-16th century. They were previously made of wood, but during the late 18th century iron and later steel came into use prominently. The first street tramways were laid in 1832\n\nJordan (died 12 August 1127), count of Ariano (from 1102), was the ruler of the county of Ariano in the eastern Campania during the reign of the Duke William II. He was the son and successor of Count Herbert and Altrude of Buonalbergo. In 1113\u20134, Jordan and Robert I of Capua waged war against Benevento, but the Archbishop Landulf II made peace with them. He rebelled against Duke William and, at Nusco in 1121, he took a troop of knights to threaten and insult the duke, saying, according to Falco of Benevento, \"I will cut your coat short for you,\" before plundering the district. William begged assistance from his more powerful relative Roger II of Sicily, who, in exchange for Calabria and the duke's halves of Palermo and Messina, sent a corps of knights and a sum of gold, which assisted Duke William in seizing most of the county of\n\nQuestion: What's Bankruptcy risk score?", "output": "A bankruptcy risk score is a number that indicates the likelihood of an individual filing for bankruptcy."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Writers' Buildings, often shortened to just Writers, is the official secretariat building of the state government of West Bengal in Kolkata, India. The 150-metre long building covers the entire northern stretch of the Lal Dighi or Red Lake at the centre of historic B.B.D. Bagh, long considered as the administrative and business hub of the city. It originally served as the principal administrative office for writers (junior clerks) of the British East India Company (EIC). Designed by Thomas Lyon in 1777, the Writers' Building has gone through a long series of extensions over the centuries. Since India's independence in 1947, it housed the office of the Chief Minister of West Bengal, cabinet ministers and other senior officials, until 4 October 2013, when a major restoration of the building was announced. The majority of government departments were subsequently moved out to a new re-purposed building named Nabanna in Howrah on\n\nBasic English (a backronym for British American Scientific International and Commercial English) is a controlled language based on standard English, but with a greatly simplified vocabulary and grammar. It was created by the linguist and philosopher Charles Kay Ogden as an international auxiliary language, and as an aid for teaching English as a second language. It was presented in Ogden's 1930 book Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar. The first work on Basic English was written by two Englishmen, Ivor Richards of Harvard University and Charles Kay Ogden of the University of Cambridge in England. The design of Basic English drew heavily on the semiotic theory put forward by Ogden and Richards in their 1923 book The Meaning of Meaning. Ogden's Basic, and the concept of a simplified English, gained its greatest publicity just after the Allied victory in World War II as a means for world\n\nRounding-up is a phenomenon that occurs in sailing when the helmsman (or tiller-handler) is no longer able to control the direction of the boat and it heads up (or \"rounds up\") into the wind, causing the boat to slow down, stall out, or tack. This occurs when the wind overpowers the ability of the rudder to maintain a straight course. For example, the sailboat may heel over so far that the rudder no longer engages in the water, or only to such a small extent that it can no longer steer the boat. When this happens is dependent on a number of factors such as the velocity of the wind, design of the hull and rudder and shape of the sails. This can be dangerous if it causes collisions between boats if sailing close together. Rounding up can be startling to those on board: The boat turns into the eye\n\nQuestion: What is Writers' Building?", "output": "The Writers' Buildings, often shortened to just Writers, is the official secretariat building of the state government of West Bengal in Kolkata, India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A colonial empire is a collective of territories (often called colonies), either contiguous with the imperial center or located overseas, settled by the population of a certain state and governed by that state. Before the expansion of early modern European powers, other empires had conquered and colonized territories, such as the Roman Empire in Iberia, or the Chinese in what is now South China. Modern colonial empires first emerged with a race of exploration between the then most advanced European maritime powers, Portugal and Spain, during the 15th century. The initial impulse behind these dispersed maritime empires and those that followed was trade, driven by the new ideas and the capitalism that grew out of the European Renaissance. Agreements were also made to divide the world up between them in 1479, 1493, and 1494. European imperialism was born out of competition between European Christians and Ottoman Muslims, the latter of\n\nFrans Josef Thomas Wackers (born 1939, Echt, Netherlands) is a medical doctor and research scientist in the field of nuclear cardiology. Education and positions held M.D., Ph.D., University of Amsterdam, Netherlands (1970) Military service, The Netherlands (1970\u20131972) Internal Medicine Residency, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1972\u20131974) Cardiology Fellow, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1974\u20131977) Cardiology Faculty, Yale University School of Medicine (1977\u20131981) Cardiology Faculty, University of Vermont College of Medicine (1981\u20131984) Rejoined Cardiology Faculty, Yale University School of Medicine (1984 to present) Affiliations Fellow of the American College of Cardiology Fellow of the American Heart Association, Council on Clinical Cardiology Founding member and Fellow of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology (President, 1994\u20131995) Founding member and Fellow of the Society of Nuclear Medicine (President of Cardiovascular Council, 1992\u20131995) Founding member and Fellow of the European Society of Cardiology Founding member of the Certification Board of Nuclear Cardiology (President, 1996\u20131997) Founding\n\nPaul Shaffer and the World's Most Dangerous Band is an American musical ensemble led by Paul Shaffer. It was David Letterman's house band for 33 years. The band formed in 1982 to serve as house band for NBC's Late Night with David Letterman. When Letterman moved to CBS and began hosting the Late Show with David Letterman in 1993, the band added a horn section and second guitarist, renaming itself (due to an intellectual property dispute with NBC) the CBS Orchestra, a name that lasted until Letterman left the Late Show in 2015. After a two-year hiatus, in 2017, the band was revived by Shaffer using its original name and released an album titled Paul Shaffer & The World's Most Dangerous Band, followed by a tour. Band name The band was initially unnamed, although in early 1982 it was occasionally jokingly referred to as \"The World\u2019s Most Dangerous Band\" when\n\nQuestion: What is Colonial empire", "output": "A colonial empire is a collective of territories, either contiguous with the imperial center or located overseas, settled by the population of a certain state and governed by that state."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dameon Porter (born May 21, 1975) is a former wide receiver/defensive back in the Arena Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL). Early life and education He played college football at Wayne State College in Wayne, Nebraska. Career He played for the Green Bay Packers 2001-2002, Iowa Barnstormers (1998\u20131999), the New Jersey Red Dogs (2000), the Chicago Rush (2001\u20132003), the Georgia Force (2004), the Austin Wranglers (2004), the Las Vegas Gladiators (2005\u20132006), the Grand Rapids Rampage (2006). Porter led the Arena Football League in interceptions in back-to-back seasons from 2001 and 2002. Porter picked off 12 passes in 2001 and recorded 10 more in 2002. In Week 4 of the 2003 Arena Football League season, Porter made a clutch interception against the Los Angeles Avengers at the goal line to seal the Chicago Rush victory. The Rush entered the game 0-3 playing 3-0 Los Angeles, which gave Chicago its\n\nThe University of Maryland School of Nursing Living History Museum is located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, and is dedicated to sharing the rich history and heritage of the nursing profession. The Museum features hundreds of original objects and photographs, as well as compelling audio and video presentations. The Museum traces the evolution of the School of Nursing\u2019s mission in nursing education, research and practice from its early years as a hospital training school to its emergence as a premier professional school. The Museum highlights the rarely acknowledged historical contributions of nurses, challenges widespread myths and misconceptions about nursing, and explores the contemporary role of nurses as health care providers. It is an opportunity for visitors to encounter\u2014many for the first time\u2014the untold story of American nursing through the experiences of University of Maryland nurses from the School\u2019s founding in 1889 to the present. The University of Maryland School of\n\nBradley's Country Store Complex is located north of Tallahassee, Florida, United States on Centerville Road (County Road 151) in the community of Felkel, Florida. Bradley's Country Store complex has 17 buildings, most frame vernacular, on of land. History In 1910, Mrs. Bradley began selling sausage from her kitchen to the local community. The store was constructed in 1927 and served the people of the surrounding area of Felkel and Miccosukee. In 1915 a cane press and syrup furnace was constructed followed a few years later by a syrup house to store the bottled cane syrup. In 1922 a commissary was built, and later on a grist mill, smokehouse, and sausage processing plant were constructed. Bradley's Country Milled Grits were first produced in the 1920s. Today, the small store remains popular. Customers experience food shopping much as it was in the early part of the 20th century. In April 1984, Bradley's\n\nQuestion: Who was Dameon Porter?", "output": "Dameon Porter is a former wide receiver/defensive back in the Arena Football League and National Football League."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jock Climie is a Canadian retired Canadian Football League player who played the slotback position primarily with the Ottawa Rough Riders, and Montreal Alouettes. He is also a former sportscaster with Canadian sports television channel TSN as part of the CFL on TSN studio panel during the CFL season. Climie is currently a labour and employment lawyer at the Ottawa law firm of Emond Harnden. College career While attending Queen's University, Climie played university football for the Queen's Golden Gaels. His 1,091 receiving yards in 1988 was at the time the single-season record for Canadian university football; it has since been broken, first by Don Blair (University of Calgary), then by Andy Fantuz (University of Western Ontario); Fantuz played one more game during his college career. Climie was the OQIFC conference's nominee for outstanding national player in 1988. He was inducted into the Queen's Football Hall of Fame. He earned\n\nHari Singh Nalwa (29 April 1791 \u2013 30 April 1837) was Commander-in-chief of the Sikh Khalsa Fauj, the army of the Sikh Empire. He is known for his role in the conquests of Kasur, Sialkot, Attock, Multan, Kashmir, Peshawar and Jamrud. Hari Singh Nalwa was responsible for expanding the frontier of Sikh Empire to beyond the Indus River right up to the mouth of the Khyber Pass. At the time of his death, the western boundary of the empire was Jamrud. He served as governor of Kashmir, Peshawar and Hazara. He established a mint on behalf of the Sikh Empire to facilitate revenue collection in Kashmir and Peshawar. Early life Hari Singh Nalwa was born in Gujranwala, in the Majha region of Punjab to Dharam Kaur and Gurdial Singh Uppal. According to historian Autar Singh Sandhu, Hari Singh Nalwa was a Khatri from the Uppal clan. As per Vanit Nalwa\n\nDivine Word University is a national Catholic university in Papua New Guinea. It is one of the newest tertiary institutions in the country. It was established as a university by an Act of Parliament in 1996. The university is ecumenical and coeducational, and is under the leadership of the Divine Word Missionaries. History Its first educational institution was Divine Word Secondary High School. In 1980, this became Divine Word Institute, established by an Act of Parliament. It is based in Madang on the north coast of Papua New Guinea. On-site accommodation is available in DWU as well as day attendance for local students. Divine Word University has five faculties. These are Arts, Business and Informatics, Education, Health Sciences, and Theology. In 2012 the former Faculty of Flexible Learning was changed into the Flexible Learning Centre and each of its constituent departments migrated to one of the other faculties for administrative\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Hari Singh Nalwa.", "output": "Hari Singh Nalwa was Commander-in-chief of the Sikh Khalsa Fauj, the army of the Sikh Empire."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Banqi () or Half Chess, also known as Dark Chess (\u6697\u68cb) or Blind Chess (\u76f2\u68cb), is a two-player Chinese board game played on a 4\u00d78 grid, or half of the xiangqi (Chinese chess) board. Most games last between ten and twenty minutes, but advanced games can last for an hour or more. Banqi is a social game, usually played for fun rather than serious competition. A more formal version of Banqi may have evolved into the games Jungle and modern Luzhanqi. Equipment Board Although boards made specifically for Banqi exist, it is common to play on one half of the xiangqi board (using only one side of the River). Pieces Banqi uses xiangqi pieces. The backs of the pieces must be indistinguishable from each other so the pieces cannot be identified when face down. Pieces with international symbols printed on their backs are unsuitable. Each player controls five Soldiers, one\n\nEdward Perronet (1721 \u2013 2 January 1792) was the son of an Anglican priest, who worked closely with Anglican priest John Wesley and his brother Charles Wesley for many years in England's eighteenth century Christian revival. He is perhaps most famous for penning the lyrics to the well known hymn, \"All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name\". Early life and education Born in Sundridge, Kent, England, Perronet was the son of Vincent Perronet, and a descendant of a French Huguenot family which fled first to Switzerland and then to England to escape religious persecution. Preaching At the time, persecution of Methodists was common. John Wesley once noted in his diary that Edward himself \"was thrown down and rolled in mud and mire\" at Bolton. Though considered a capable preacher, Perronet was uneasy about doing so in front of John Wesley, despite Wesley's persistent urging. After wearying of his requests, Wesley\n\nFrotho I is one of the legendary Danish kings in Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum, where he has a substantial biography. He succeeds his father Hadingus to the throne and replenishes the war-drained treasury by slaying a dragon and winning its treasure. He uses the money to finance expeditions into the Baltic, where he wins victories with clever strategems (including one where he crossdresses as one of his own shieldmaidens). After some trouble at home he campaigns successfully in Britain and captures London. He finally dies in a war against the king of Sweden. See also Fr\u00f3\u00f0i References Davidson, Hilda Ellis (ed.) and Peter Fisher (tr.) (1999). Saxo Grammaticus : The History of the Danes : Books I-IX. Bury St Edmunds: St Edmundsbury Press. . First published 1979-1980. Elton, Oliver (tr.) (1905). The Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus. New York: Norroena Society. Available online Olrik, J. and\n\nQuestion: Who was Edward Perronet?", "output": "Edward Perronet was the son of an Anglican priest, who worked closely with Anglican priest John Wesley and his brother Charles Wesley for many years in England's eighteenth century Christian revival."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Russell Stuvaints Jr., (born August 28, 1980) is a former American football defensive back. He formerly played for the Pittsburgh Steelers and the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL) and Team Arkansas of the All American Football League (AAFL). He won Super Bowl XL with the Steelers, beating Matt Hasselbeck and the Seattle Seahawks. High school career Stuvaints attended McKeesport Area High School where he played football for the Tigers under the guidance of coach George Smith. He holds several school records at McKeesport. College years Russell attended Youngstown State University and was a student and a letterman in football. In football, as a junior, he was a second-team All-Gateway Football Conference selection and an Honorable Mention All-America selection. As a senior, he was an All-Gateway Conference Honorable Mention selection. Professional career NFL Although billed as a defensive back, Russell performed most notably on special teams throughout\n\nA service record is a collection of either electronic or printed material which provides a documentary history of a person's activities and accomplishments while serving as a member of a given organization. Service records are most often associated with the military, but are commonly found in other groups, such as large corporations or for use by employees of a civilian government. Australian armed forces Service records for the Australian Army, are available at the National Archives of Australia website. The service records of the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force are also available. World War I service records provide the dates when the person was \"in the field\", that is with his unit on active service, if and when they embarked for oversea service, and the names of the units in which the person served. The service record also documents other changes\u2014promotions, transfers, time at base, the date\n\nCharles Anderson Wolverton (October 24, 1880 \u2013 May 16, 1969) was a Republican Party politician who represented New Jersey's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives for nearly 32 years, from 1927 to 1959. Career Born in Camden, New Jersey, Wolverton graduated from Camden High School in 1897 and receiving a law degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1900, began practicing law in his native Camden. He was Camden County prosecutor from 1906 to 1913 and special assistant attorney general of New Jersey in 1913 and 1914. Wolverton was then elected to the New Jersey State House of Assembly (1915\u20131918) becoming speaker in 1918. Wolverton first ran for a Congressional seat in 1926, winning that election and eventually serving 16 terms as a representative. Wolverton eventually became chairman of the influential Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee. During his tenure in the US House Wolverton crossed the\n\nQuestion: Who is Russell Stuvaints", "output": "Russell Stuvaints Jr., is a former American football defensive back."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Kelabit Highlands are a mountain range located in the northernmost part of Sarawak, Malaysia in the Miri Division. It hosts the Bario village. The highest mountains in this range are Mount Murud at , Bukit Batu Buli at , and Bukit Batu Lawi at . The current population of the Kelabit people is about 6,800. Maligan Highlands, another highland nearby located within the Limbang Division, hosts the Ba'kelalan village. Geography The rocks of the Kelabit Highlands comprise mudstones, sandstones, and limestones ranging in age from the Oligocene to Miocene periods. In terms of plate tectonics, the region was a basin formed by warping at a subduction zone where the continental crust was forced upwards. The estimated rate of uplift is 20 mm per century for the last two million years. Bario showed a lowering in temperatures during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Villages Bario The area hosts 13 villages.\n\nAlfonso III (4 November 1265 \u2013 18 June 1291), called the Liberal (el Liberal) and the Free (also \"the Frank\", from el Franc), was king of Aragon and Valencia, and count of Barcelona (as ) from 1285 until his death. He conquered the Kingdom of Majorca between his succession and 1287. Life Alfonso was the son of King Peter III of Aragon and Constance, daughter and heiress of King Manfred of Sicily. Soon after assuming the throne, he conducted a campaign to reincorporate the Balearic Islands into the Kingdom of Aragon, which had been lost due to the division of the kingdom by his grandfather, James I of Aragon. Thus in 1285 he declared war on his uncle, James II of Majorca, and conquered both Majorca (1285) and Ibiza (1286), effectively reassuming suzerainty over the Kingdom of Majorca. He followed this with the conquest of Menorca \u2013 until then an\n\nBoyd Eugene Haley (born September 22, 1940, Greensburg, Indiana) is an American anti-vaccine activist and retired professor of chemistry at the University of Kentucky. Education and career A native of Greensburg, Indiana, Haley graduated from its New Point High School in 1959. Four years later, he received a bachelor's degree from Franklin College in Franklin, Indiana, and then entered a teaching fellowship at Howard University. Thereafter, he served as a U.S. Army medic a few years. In 1967, Haley obtained an M.S. degree from the University of Idaho. He then entered a doctoral program at Washington State University, where he worked \"to make chemical modifications on ATP to try to identify how and exactly where ATP binds to cause muscle movement.\" In 1971, WSU granted him his Ph.D. degree in chemistry-biochemistry. For three years, Haley served as a postdoctoral scholar at Yale University. From 1974 to 1985, he was a\n\nQuestion: What is Kelabit Highlands?", "output": "The Kelabit Highlands are a mountain range located in the northernmost part of Sarawak, Malaysia in the Miri Division."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tulpehocken station is a SEPTA Regional Rail station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Located at 333 West Tulpehocken Street in the Germantown neighborhood, it serves the Chestnut Hill West Line. The Pennsylvania Railroad built the station in 1878. The station is in zone 2 on the Chestnut Hill West Line, and is 8.5 track miles from Suburban Station. In 2004, this station saw 176 boardings on an average weekday. History Although commonly attributed to architect Frank Furness, the actual architects for all of the stations on the Chestnut Hill West line (part of the Pennsylvania Railroad at the time) were William Brown and William Bleddyn Powell, who were under contract to PRR. This information comes from the Philadelphia Historical Commission in its nominations for the registry of Historic Places. (Furness designed station buildings on the Reading Railroad.) All of the Chestnut Hill West stations are now on the Philadelphia Register of Historic\n\nCradlewell is an area within Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It is most noted for its spired church and its public house, 'The Cradlewell' which opened in 1904 and later closed, for conversion to a hotel & restaurant. It developed as the main road crossing point of the steep Ouseburn valley. Jesmond Dene is close by. The name may simply be from a cradle shaped horse trough situated at the edge of Jesmond Road in a prominent position. The historic Armstrong Bridge emerges into Cradlewell with Jesmond Dene to the north and Jesmond Vale to the south of the bridge. In 1993 work began on a bypass for the Cradlewell area, replacing the very steep Benton Bank as the main thoroughfare. It joined the A1058 Coast Road with the Central Motorway after much protest from people who were opposed to cutting down so many ancient trees. There were tree-top demonstrations\n\nDaniel Pilon (November 13, 1940 \u2013 June 26, 2018) was a Canadian actor, known for his role on Dallas as Renaldo \"Naldo\" Marchetta. Pilon was born in Montreal, Quebec. In addition to Dallas, he appeared in daytime soap operas such as Ryan's Hope, Guiding Light and Days of Our Lives. Personal life Pilon was born in Montreal, Quebec. He was the brother of actor Donald Pilon. After his house was destroyed by the 1994 Northridge earthquake in January 1994, he declared his first bankruptcy in April 1994. That same year, he divorced his wife. Pilon died in Montreal following a long illness on June 26th, 2018, according to his talent agency. He was 77. Career Pilon made his film debut in Le Viol d'une jeune fille douce, directed by Canadian director Gilles Carle. Pilon was considered for the role of James Bond twice, in 1968 and in 1984. Filmography References\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Daniel Pilon is.", "output": "Daniel Pilon was a Canadian actor, known for his role on Dallas as Renaldo \"Naldo\" Marchetta."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "WPYA (97.3 FM) is an American radio station licensed to Gardendale, a suburb of Birmingham, Alabama, United States. It is owned by SummitMedia. It airs a Top 40 (CHR) format. It shares studios with six other sister stations in the Cahaba neighborhood in far southeast Birmingham, and the transmitter is based atop Red Mountain. History As of 2022, 97.3 is the newest full-powered station to sign on in the Birmingham market. WEDA, then licensed to Homewood, signed on with a CHR format on November 2, 1998, calling itself \"Hot 97.3\". Birmingham had not had a CHR station since WAPI-FM (now WJOX-FM) changed formats in 1994, and the owners were hoping to fill that niche. However, WQEN, a CHR station licensed to Gadsden, began broadcasting from a tower closer to Birmingham earlier in the year and was more successful than WEDA. In 1999, Cox Radio purchased WEDA from the local investors\n\nBhupen Hazarika () (8 September 1926 \u2013 5 November 2011) was an Indian playback singer, lyricist, musician, poet, actor, artist, editor, filmmaker, professor and politician from Assam, widely known as Sudha Kontho (meaning cuckoo, literally \"nectar-throated\"). His songs were written and sung mainly in the Assamese language by himself, are marked by humanity and universal brotherhood and have been translated and sung in many languages, most notably in Bengali and Hindi. His songs, based on the themes of communal amity, universal justice and empathy, are especially popular among the people of Assam, West Bengal and Bangladesh. He is also acknowledged to have introduced the culture and folk music of Assam and Northeast India to Hindi cinema at the national level. He received the National Film Award for Best Music Direction in 1975, the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (1987), Padma Shri (1977), and Padma Bhushan (2001), Dada Saheb Phalke Award (1992),\n\nJordan Valley () is a neighborhood north of Ngau Tau Kok, which is located in the north-west of Kwun Tong District, Hong Kong. It includes Amoy Gardens. Features Jordan Valley is a valley-like place, which is divided into northern and southern sections. The northern Jordan Valley is now Shun Lee Public Housing Area, next to the Fei Ngo Shan; and the southern Jordan Valley can be further divided into 2 areas: the eastern ecological recreation area and the western residential area. The quarry in the southern Jordan Valley is now under base development and will become one of the residential areas therein. Jordan Valley can be divided into the following parts: Jordan Valley Public Housing Area (Currently an ecological recreation area) Choi Ha Estate Amoy Gardens and surrounds History Jordan Valley was named after Gregory Paul Jordan, a British-Indian doctor for his contribution in plague fighting efforts. The reservoir was\n\nQuestion: What is WPYA", "output": "WPYA is an American radio station licensed to Gardendale, a suburb of Birmingham, Alabama, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Albert Morton Craig (December 9, 1927 \u2013 December 1, 2021) was an American academic, historian, author and professor emeritus in the Department of History at Harvard University. Early life As a youth in Chicago, Craig was an Eagle Scout, and also participated in both competitive swimming and judo. A more scholarly interest in Japan was piqued after the Second World War. While doing counterintelligence work for the United States Army in 1946 and 1947, he was stationed in Miyazaki and in Kyoto. While in Kyoto, he earned a third degree black belt in judo. Craig earned an undergraduate degree in philosophy in 1949 at Northwestern University, where he was member of Phi Beta Kappa. While there, he set an NCAA freshman record in the 200 yard breaststroke. After college, the Fulbright Program made it possible for him to study economic history at the University of Strasbourg in Strasbourg, France. This\n\nEdwin Nelson Hubbell (August 13, 1815 \u2013 February 5, 1897) was an American politician in New York and Michigan who served one term in the United States House of Representatives from 1865 to 1867. Biography Hubbell was born in Coxsackie, Greene County, New York on August 13, 1815, the son of Nathan Hubbell and Edith (Mead) Hubbell. He was educated in Coxsackie and became a farmer and an active member of the Greene County and New York State Agricultural Societies. He was also active in business, including operating a brick making factory and serving on the Board of Trustees of the Coxsackie Savings Bank. Family He married Catharine Conel (or Conine) in 1836. After her death, in 1868 he married Catharine Elizabeth Stoutenburg Hoffman. Political career A Democrat, from 1857 to 1860 he served as Coxsackie's Town Supervisor. He was also a member of the Greene County Board of Supervisors,\n\nThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) is the nonprofit applied research arm of the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. GTRI employs around 2,400 people, and is involved in approximately $600 million in research annually for more than 200 clients in industry and government. Initially known as the Engineering Experiment Station, (EES) the organization was proposed in 1929 by W. Harry Vaughan as an analog to the agricultural experiment stations; the Georgia General Assembly passed a law that year creating the organization on paper but did not allocate funds to start it. To boost the state's struggling economy in the midst of the Great Depression, funds were found, and the station was finally established with US$5,000 (equivalent to $ in ) in April 1934. GTRI's research spans a variety of disciplines, including national defense, homeland security, public health, education, mobile and wireless technologies, and economic development. Major\n\nQuestion: What's Albert M. Craig?", "output": "Albert Morton Craig was an American academic, historian, author and professor emeritus in the Department of History at Harvard University."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Aharon Davidi (1927 \u2013 February 11, 2012) was an Israeli general and founder of the Sar-El volunteer program of the IDF. Biography He was born in Mandatory Palestine as the youngest son of an immigrant family from Bender (Bessarabia). At the age of fifteen, he served in the Haganah and Palmach. In the 1947\u20131949 Palestine war he fought on the southern front with the Negev Brigade, where he met his future wife, Hassida. In 1953, Davidi volunteered for the new IDF Paratroopers Brigade as a company commander. The next year, the unit was very active in operations and other dangerous missions behind enemy lines. Davidi and his company supported Ariel Sharon's Unit 101 in the raid on Qibya, he and Sharon remained close friends. He was decorated for actions in the Gaza strip in 1955 with the Medal of Courage. In the Sinai Campaign, Davidi, as Lieutenant-Colonel and regimental commander,\n\nManisha Tank is a British television news presenter, presenting CNN Newsroom (CNNI) on CNN International. Education Tank was educated at Regents Park Community College, in Southampton, Hampshire, followed by Taunton's College (also in Southampton), and the University of Oxford, where she studied Philosophy, Politics, and Economics. Life and career Tank was first posted to New York in 1999 and reported from the Nasdaq and the New York Stock Exchange while working for Reuters Television. She returned to London to report on the EU markets and continued on presenting business news bulletins between London and New York. From 2002 to 2003, she presented the Six Forum, the interactive forum of the BBC Six O'Clock News. In 2004, Tank returned to New York but returned to London a few months later. She currently presents business news for CNN in Hong Kong. In 2007 Tank was awarded the Summerson Goodacre & Daily Telegraph\n\nHenry Bingham Baring (4 March 1804 \u2013 25 April 1869) was a British Conservative Party politician. He was the son of Henry Baring and Maria Matilda Bingham, daughter of American-born statesman William Bingham. Bingham was a half-brother of Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer and a member of the distinguished Baring family. He entered the House of Commons in 1831 as Member of Parliament for the rotten borough of Callington in Cornwall. When Callington was disenfranchised the following year, he was returned for the Marlborough constituency in Wiltshire, and held his seat until 1868. See also Baron Ashburton References thePeerage.com External links 1804 births 1869 deaths Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies Presidents of the Oxford Union UK MPs 1831\u20131832 UK MPs 1832\u20131835 UK MPs 1835\u20131837 UK MPs 1837\u20131841 UK MPs 1841\u20131847 UK MPs 1847\u20131852 UK MPs 1852\u20131857 UK MPs 1857\u20131859 UK MPs 1859\u20131865 UK MPs 1865\u20131868 Members of\n\nQuestion: Who was Henry Bingham Baring?", "output": "Henry Bingham Baring was a British Conservative Party politician."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Charlie Garner III (born February 13, 1972) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the second round of the 1994 NFL Draft. He played college football at Tennessee. Garner has also been a member of the San Francisco 49ers, Oakland Raiders, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Early years Garner grew up in Falls Church, Virginia and attended J.E.B. Stuart High School (now known as Justice High School). His senior year, he was selected first-team All-Metropolitan (Northern Virginia, Suburban Maryland and the District of Columbia), first-team All-State, and named Virginia's player of the year after rushing for more than 2,000 yards and 38 touchdowns. On October 16, 2009, Garner had his JEB Stuart High School number 30 jersey retired during a halftime ceremony. College career In 1991, Garner set junior college records for\n\nAc\u0131payam is a municipality and district of Denizli Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,772 km2, and its population is 54,888 (2022). It lies in high country between the Aegean and Mediterranean regions. A plain, watered by two reservoirs, known for growing melons and watermelons, on the road between the city of Denizli and Antalya. Its altitude is 895 m. Etymology The name Ac\u0131payam means bitter almond (payam being a loanword from Persian) in the local dialect, the town was formerly named Garbipayam and Garbikaraa\u011fa\u00e7. History The plain has been settled since 2000 BC, and Hittites were here in 1500 BC, followed by the Ancient Greeks and more civilizations up to the Byzantines and then the arrival of the Turkish peoples. From 1097 the area was in the hands of the Seljuk Turks. Turkish rule was interrupted by the Crusades but afterwards was settled by the Oghuz Turks and eventually was\n\nThe Indian Nation Turnpike, also designated State Highway 375 (SH-375), is a toll road in southeastern Oklahoma, United States, running between Hugo and Henryetta, a distance of . It is the longest tollway in the state. Route description The Indian Nation Turnpike is built to parkway-like design standards, omitting a center barrier and left-hand shoulders for a slightly mounded grassy median that is flush with the edge of the left lane in each direction. However, the median is slowly being upgraded to a cable barrier with left shoulders bordering it. The turnpike's speed limit is from I-40 south to north of US-270/OK-1, and from there to the southern terminus it is 75 mph (120 km/h). Law enforcement along the Indian Nation Turnpike is provided by Oklahoma Highway Patrol Troop XC, a special troop assigned to the turnpike. The only service plaza along the entire turnpike is located just north of\n\nQuestion: Define Ac\u0131payam.", "output": "Ac\u0131payam is a municipality and district of Denizli Province, Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ransbach-Baumbach is a town in the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Ransbach-Baumbach is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Ransbach-Baumbach, a kind of collective municipality. Geography The community lies in the Westerwald about 10 km northwest of Montabaur, and 15 km northeast of Koblenz. History In 1330, the parish of Ransbach had its first documentary mention. Already in 959, however, the Montabaurer Zehntbeschreibung (a \u201cdescription of tithes\u201d), speaks of the vanished community of Desper (Dedinsburg) near Ransbach. In 1373, the name Babenbach for Baumbach crops up. In 1969, Ransbach and Baumbach were merged into one community. In 1971, in the course of municipal restructuring, the Verbandsgemeinde of Ransbach-Baumbach was founded. In 1975, Ransbach-Baumbach was granted town rights. Partnerships Pleurtuit, Brittany, France since 1985 Parish of Rukoma in Mirenge, Rwanda since April 2005 Schools and kindergartens Astrid Lindgren-Schule (primary school/whole-day school) Erich K\u00e4stner-Schule (Regionalschule) St. Markus Catholic Kindergarten St. Antonius Catholic Kindergarten\n\nSpinnWebe was the personal website of Greg Galcik, also known as \"spinn.\" It gathered the most fame as the home of the Dysfunctional Family Circus, which ran in the late 1990s. Additionally, the site was the showcase for a number of Galcik's other projects, which generally had interactive humor as the unifying theme; in this respect, it anticipated the development of later sites such as Fark and Something Awful. The name SpinnWebe comes from an infamously bad machine translation of the German word for \"spider web.\" Origin In March 1993, Galcik started an FTP site on a machine called \"spider,\" named after the song Spider by They Might Be Giants. This site began as a way to serve files for various personal projects, including audio samples from TMBG songs. As the site continued to grow and as Web technology began to emerge, he began to phase out the FTP site\n\nLambton Shores is a municipality in Lambton County, Ontario, Canada, that is on the southern shores of Lake Huron. History Lambton Shores was formed in 2001 when the Township of Bosanquet was amalgamated with the town of Forest, and the villages of Arkona, Grand Bend and Thedford. Climate Lambton Shores is one of the more southerly municipalities in Canada, and therefore receives relatively warmer temperatures. It has an average high of in July and in January. As for precipitation, it receives an average of of rain in July and an average of of snow in January. Communities The main communities in Lambton Shores are Arkona, Forest, Grand Bend, Port Franks and Thedford. Smaller communities include Cedarview, Glendale Beach, Kettle and Stoney Point, Ipperwash Beach, Lake Valley Grove, Jericho, Jura, Kinnaird, Northville, Ravenswood, Southcott Pines, Springvale, Sunnidale, Walden Place and Walker Woods. The administrative offices of the township are located in\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Lambton Shores is.", "output": "Lambton Shores is a municipality in Lambton County, Ontario, Canada, that is on the southern shores of Lake Huron."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Breckland in Norfolk and Suffolk is a 39,433 hectare Special Protection Area (SPA) under the European Union Directive on the Conservation of Wild Birds. The SPA partly overlaps the 7,544 hectare Breckland Special Area of Conservation. As a landscape region it is an unusual natural habitat of England. It comprises the gorse-covered sandy heath that lies mostly in the south of the county of Norfolk but also in the north of Suffolk. An area of considerable interest for its unusual flora and fauna, it lies to the east of another unusual habitat, the Fens, and to the south west of the Broads. The typical tree of this area is the Scots pine. Breckland is one of the driest areas in England. The area of Breckland has been substantially reduced in the twentieth century by the impact of modern farming and the creation in 1914 of Thetford Forest. However substantial areas\n\nA close order formation is a military tactical formation in which soldiers are close together and regularly arranged for the tactical concentration of force. It was used by heavy infantry in ancient warfare, as the basis for shield wall and phalanx tactics, to multiply their effective weight of arms by their weight of numbers. In the Late Middle Ages, Swiss pikemen and German Landsknechts used close order formations that were similar to ancient phalanxes. Around the American Civil War (1861\u20131865), such organizations of soldiers became uncommon since improvements in firearms and artillery had made any such dense formation increasingly hazardous and less effective. The technological concentration of increased firepower to fewer soldiers had rendered the close order formation obsolete by the end of the 19th century. Modern infantry now use skirmish order, which is effectively the opposite of close order. Antiquity Images from the Sumerian kingdom from the 3rd millennium\n\nGary William Crawford (January 1, 1953 -July 9, 2020) was an American writer and small press publisher. He is the founder and editor of Gothic Press, which since 1979 has published books and periodicals in the field of Gothic literature. From 1979 to 1987, Crawford produced six issues of the journal Gothic, which features articles on Gothic fiction from 1764 to 1986. Later, the press published the horror poetry magazine Night Songs. In recent years, the press has published The Gothic Chapbook Series, which features pamphlets of fiction, poetry and scholarship. He has numerous poems, stories, and articles in the small press. He has an essay and bibliography on modern horror fiction in Horror Literature: A Core Collection and Reference Guide. Crawford has recently begun the online journal, Le Fanu Studies, about ghost and mystery story writer J. Sheridan Le Fanu, and is compiling Internet databases on Le Fanu, Fritz\n\nQuestion: Define Close order formation.", "output": "A close order formation is a military tactical formation in which soldiers are close together and regularly arranged for the tactical concentration of force."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Lincoln Premiere was a luxury car model sold by Lincoln in the 1956 to 1960 model years. Positioned below the company's Continental Mark II coupe during 1956\u20131957 and above the Capri which it shared from 1956\u20131959, it was produced in 2 and 4 door versions which could both accommodate up to six people. The Premiere was for a short time the largest, top level 4-door sedan Lincoln offered against rivals from Cadillac, Imperial and Packard during the mid-1950s while not being available as an extended length limousine. For 1958, the Premiere shared its chassis and mechanicals with the Continental Mark III\u2013V sedans, until it was replaced with the 1961 Continental sedan. The Premiere name has been currently revived as a trim level on Lincoln models. 1956\u20131957 The Premiere was introduced in 1956 as an upscale version of the Lincoln Capri. It featured a Lincoln Y-Block V8 and it was\n\nThe Hardest Way to Make an Easy Living is the third studio album by Mike Skinner, under the music project The Streets. It was released on 10 April 2006 in the United Kingdom and 25 April 2006 in North America. It is also the shortest The Streets album released so far, with a running time of just 37 minutes and 12 seconds. The Mitchell Brothers and Ted Mayhem, two of Skinner's prot\u00e9g\u00e9s, make guest appearances on the album. Content The album deals with the ideas of celebrity and success, partly in relation to Skinner's greater fame after the success of the first two The Streets albums. There are several references to recreational drug use. The final track, \"Fake Streets Hats\", is about an incident that happened during the 2004 edition of the Dutch Lowlands festival, where a drunk Mike Skinner openly protested against the handing out of white hats with\n\nIain Cumming Gray (born 7 June 1957) is a Scottish politician who served as Leader of the Scottish Labour Party from 2008 to 2011. He was the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the East Lothian constituency from 2007 to 2021, having previously represented Edinburgh Pentlands from 1999 to 2003. A former aid worker and teacher of mathematics and physics, Gray was first elected to the Scottish Parliament in 1999 as MSP for the Edinburgh Pentlands constituency, which he lost to Leader of the Scottish Conservative Party David McLetchie in 2003. Gray was returned to Holyrood in 2007 as MSP for East Lothian. Following Wendy Alexander's resignation as Leader of the Scottish Labour Party in 2008, Gray stood at the subsequent leadership election, and was elected with a 57.8% share of the vote in the second round. Initially, Gray oversaw some electoral successes for Scottish Labour, such as repelling\n\nQuestion: Define The Hardest Way to Make an Easy Living.", "output": "The Hardest Way to Make an Easy Living is the third studio album by Mike Skinner, under the music project The Streets."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Commander Peter Belches RN (1796\u20131890) was an early explorer in Western Australia. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1796, Belches joined the Royal Navy on 2 February 1812. In March 1814, whilst serving on board , he was injured in a friendly-fire battle with . He was an officer on in December 1826, when it was anchored in Sydney Harbour along with under Sir James Brisbane and under Sir James Stirling. When Brisbane died on 19 December, Stirling made a number of promotions and re-appointments to cover for his loss. In the process, Belches was promoted to Third Lieutenant on the Success in April 1827. In March 1827, the Success arrived off the coast of the Swan River in what is now Western Australia to undertake an exploration expedition which aimed to determine the suitability of the area for establishing a British colony. After examining the coastal waters of the area,\n\nThe Columbus Metropolitan Library (CML) is a public library system in Franklin County, Ohio, in the Columbus metropolitan area. The library serves an area of 872,000 residents, has a collection of 1,483,433 volumes, and circulates 17,262,267 items per year. The library consists of the Main Library and 22 branches located in neighborhoods throughout Franklin County. The branches are Canal Winchester, Driving Park, Dublin, Franklinton, Gahanna, Hilliard, Hilltop, Karl Road, Linden, Livingston, Marion-Franklin, Martin Luther King, New Albany, Northern Lights, Northside, Parsons, Reynoldsburg, Shepard, South High, Southeast, Whetstone, and Whitehall. CML also jointly operates the Northwest Library in cooperation with Worthington Libraries. Columbus Metropolitan Library is a member of the Central Library Consortium, which enables its 17-member library systems to share a catalog. History Early history Following the founding of Columbus in 1812, the people of the city struggled to establish a public library. While several attempts were made with private\n\nWarren Edward Bolster (June 11, 1947 in Arlington, Virginia \u2013 September 6, 2006 in Mokuleia, Hawaii) was an American skateboard photographer during the mid-1970s rebirth of skateboarding. He was responsible for reviving Skateboarder Magazine, considered \"the bible\" of skate magazines, and his skateboarding photojournalism helped popularize and define the wheeled sport during its explosive rebirth in the 1970s. Later in his career, he became an accomplished surfboard photographer in Hawaii. Biography His father was a U.S. foreign service officer and travelled extensively as a diplomat. Bolster moved with his parents and sister to Sydney, Australia in 1963 when his father was appointed US Consul General. He attended The Scots College. It was here that he learned to surfboard and skateboard for the first time, at South Bondi in 1965. He was notable for driving a pillarless Ford Galaxie piled with surfboards around the Sydney beaches looking for good waves. This\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Peter Belches.", "output": "Commander Peter Belches RN was an early explorer in Western Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "is a shoot 'em up video game developed by G.rev and released in Japanese arcades in 2005. The game takes place in an alternate reality during World War II, where players control German-speaking characters (dubbed \"the Empire\") fighting against English-speaking characters (\"the Union\"). Their vehicles are patterned after those of real-life Allied and Axis powers. A port for the Dreamcast was released in 2006 and marketed as the last game for the system, although two more were released the following year. The game was commercially successful, but received average reviews from critics because of its traditional and derivative gameplay. A high-definition remaster, Under Defeat HD, was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in 2012, published by Rising Star Games. The updated version contains improved visuals, new control scheme options, and a new gameplay mode to adapt the game for 16:9 displays. This version was re-released in arcades as\n\nThe Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system. One character common to many members of the order is the production of glucosinolate (mustard oil) compounds. Most systems of classification have included this order, although sometimes under the name Capparales (the name chosen depending on which is thought to have priority). The order typically contains the following families: Akaniaceae \u2013 two species of turnipwood trees, native to Asia and eastern Australia Bataceae \u2013 salt-tolerant shrubs from America and Australasia Brassicaceae \u2013 mustard and cabbage family; may include the Cleomaceae Capparaceae \u2013 caper family, sometimes included in Brassicaceae Caricaceae \u2013 papaya family Cleomaceae Gyrostemonaceae \u2013 several genera of small shrubs and trees endemic to temperate parts of Australia Koeberliniaceae \u2013 one species of thorn bush native to Mexico and the US Southwest Limnanthaceae \u2013 meadowfoam family Moringaceae\n\nSteven Thronson (October 21, 1975 \u2013 October 13, 2020), better known by his stage name Saint Dog, was an American rapper from Southern California. Career He was an original founding member of Kottonmouth Kings, along with D-Loc and Johnny Richter. He contributed to their first three releases Stoners Reeking Havoc, Royal Highness, and Hidden Stash, as well as the latest Kottonmouth album Kingdom Come. On August 2, 2019, Saint Dog released his third and final solo album Bozo via Suburban Noize Records & Force 5 Records. On October 13, 2020, it was confirmed by his management that Saint Dog had died on that day, eight days short from his 45th birthday. Discography Albums Ghetto Guide (2004, Suburban Noize) USA (Unconformable Social Amputees) (2006, Suburban Noize) Bozo (2019, Suburban Noize/Force 5 Records) Singles \"Now I Lay Me\" (2004, Suburban Noize) \"Money Talks\" (2004, Suburban Noize) \"So Cal Thugsta\" (2004, Suburban Noize)\n\nQuestion: Define Brassicales.", "output": "The Brassicales are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Prayers for the Assassin is a political thriller, and a work of speculative fiction, written by American crime writer Robert Ferrigno. The story is set in 2040, after economic strife and a pair of nuclear attacks have led to civil war, causing the United States to split into two hostile and competing nations: one a moderate Islamic republic with its capital in Seattle, the other a breakaway Christian Bible Belt built on the ashes of the former Confederacy and with its capital in Atlanta. The hardcover edition of Prayers for the Assassin was published in the United States in February 2006 by Charles Scribner's Sons. Plot summary The book starts off during the second American Civil War with a Muslim soldier dying in 2017, at the battle of Newark. Flash forward to the Super Bowl in 2042 in Seattle, the capital of the new Islamic Republic, the majority of whose\n\nAstafjord is a former municipality in the old Troms county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1926 until its dissolution in 1964. It was located in the eastern part of the present-day municipality of Tjeldsund in Troms og Finnmark county. The municipality surrounded the Grovfjorden. The administrative center of the former municipality was the village of Grov where Astafjord Church is located. The Astafjorden (strait) flowed along the northern part of the municipality and it was the namesake for the municipality. History Historically, Astafjord was a prestegjeld that encompassed a large part of southern Troms county, including the present-day municipalities of Bardu, Gratangen, Ibestad, Lavangen, Salangen, and most of Sk\u00e5nland. When municipalities were created in Norway in 1838, the old parish was created as Ibestad Municipality (see formannskapsdistrikt). The municipality of Astafjord was established on 1 July 1926 when the large Ibestad Municipality was separated into four municipalities: Ibestad (population: 1,768),\n\nElizabeth Punsalan or Swallow (born January 9, 1971) is an American former competitive ice dancer. With her husband Jerod Swallow, she is a five-time U.S. national champion, two-time Skate America champion, and competed twice in the Winter Olympics. Personal life Elizabeth Punsalan was born in Syracuse, New York. Her father, Ernesto, moved from the Philippines to the United States as a medical student and became a surgeon. She married Jerod Swallow in September 1993. Her younger brother, Ricky, was charged in the death of their father, who was fatally stabbed on February 4, 1994, but he was found mentally unfit to stand trial. Career Early in her career, Punsalan competed with Christopher Rettstatt. They placed 8th at the 1989 U.S. Championships. Punsalan began skating with Swallow in mid-1989. They were initially coached by Sandy Hess in Colorado Springs, Colorado. They placed 7th at 1989 Skate America and 5th at the\n\nQuestion: Who was Elizabeth Punsalan?", "output": "Elizabeth Punsalan or Swallow is an American former competitive ice dancer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "North Lindsey College is a further education college in Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire, England, situated on the A18. Structure North Lindsey College is an associate college of the University of Lincoln providing a range of further education and higher education courses. The college comprises 69 departments and occupies an area of . It has two local centres in Ashby and Barton. College funding decisions are made by the Yorkshire and the Humber Learning and Skills Council in Bradford. History The college was established in 1953 as North Lindsey Technical College. Its main building opened in 1964. In 1971 the college became the North Lindsey College of Technology \u2013 at that time it was run by Lindsey Education Committee (based in Lincoln). Humberside Education Committee in Beverley took over the administration of the college in 1974. At that stage it had five departments: Business and Management Studies Construction Engineering General Studies Science\n\nThe posterior triangle (or lateral cervical region) is a region of the neck. Boundaries The posterior triangle has the following boundaries: Apex: Union of the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles at the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone Anteriorly: Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoideus Posteriorly: Anterior border of the trapezius Inferiorly: Middle one third of the clavicle Roof: Investing layer of the deep cervical fascia Floor: (From superior to inferior) 1) M. semispinalis capitis 2) M. splenius capitis 3) M. levator scapulae 4) M. scalenus posterior 5) M. scalenus medius Divisions The posterior triangle is crossed, about 2.5 cm above the clavicle, by the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle, which divides the space into two triangles: an upper or occipital triangle a lower or subclavian triangle (or supraclavicular triangle) Contents A) Nerves and plexuses: Spinal accessory nerve (Cranial Nerve XI) Branches of cervical plexus Roots and trunks of\n\nThe United States Army Security Agency (ASA) was the United States Army's signals intelligence branch from 1945 to 1976. The Latin motto of the Army Security Agency was Semper Vigilis (Vigilant Always), which echoes the declaration, often mistakenly attributed to Thomas Jefferson, that \"The price of liberty is eternal vigilance.\" Although most ASA units focused upon SIGINT (signals intelligence) most if not all ASA units contained HUMINT (human intelligence) specialists as well, mostly interrogators and counter-intelligence specialists. At the end of the Cold War era, some ASA units also were staffed with ELINT (electronic intelligence) specialists and warrant officers, which incorporated field ECM (electronic counter-measures and field ECCM (electronic counter-countermeasures) such as tactical jammers, direction finders, electronic signal decoys, and captured/repurposed Warsaw Pact radio and communications equipment. The Agency existed between 1945 and 1977 and was the successor to the Army Signals Intelligence Service, operations that dated to World War\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Posterior triangle of the neck is.", "output": "The posterior triangle is a region of the neck."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Timothy Holmes Beaglehole (28 April 1933 \u2013 18 July 2015) was a New Zealand academic and Chancellor of Victoria University of Wellington. Born in Lower Hutt, Wellington, he was the son of the renowned historian John Beaglehole. He gained a MA from Victoria, then receiving a MA and PhD from King's College, Cambridge. He was a Harkness Fellow at Harvard University (1965\u20131966) and taught at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London in 1978. Beaglehole had a long association with Victoria University as a student, Professor of history, Warden of Weir House, Dean of Arts, and Deputy Vice-Chancellor. In 1995 he was made a life member of the Victoria University of Wellington Students' Association. He went on to become Chancellor from December 2004 to 2010. Beaglehole was deputy chairman of the council of the National Art Gallery (1979\u20131992), and chairperson of the New Zealand Historic Places Trust\n\nBritish Standards (BS) are the standards produced by the BSI Group which is incorporated under a royal charter and which is formally designated as the national standards body (NSB) for the UK. The BSI Group produces British Standards under the authority of the charter, which lays down as one of the BSI's objectives to: Formally, as stated in a 2002 memorandum of understanding between the BSI and the United Kingdom Government, British Standards are defined as: Products and services which BSI certifies as having met the requirements of specific standards within designated schemes are awarded the Kitemark. History BSI Group began in 1901 as the Engineering Standards Committee, led by James Mansergh, to standardize the number and type of steel sections, in order to make British manufacturers more efficient and competitive. Over time the standards developed to cover many aspects of tangible engineering, and then engineering methodologies including quality systems,\n\n\"You Can Do It\" is a hip-hop song by American rapper Ice Cube. It was released as the second single from the Next Friday soundtrack. The song features Ice Cube's Westside Connection bandmate Mack 10, as well as rapper Ms. Toi. \"You Can Do It\" later used as the lead single on Cube's sixth studio album, War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc). The song also appears on his Greatest Hits and In the Movies compilations. It would also appear on the soundtrack for the film [[Save the Last Dance#Soundtrack|Save the Last Dance]]. The song became Ice Cube's sixth and most recent top 40 hit in the US, peaking at number 35 on the Billboard Hot 100, while also reaching number two on the Billboard Hot Rap Singles. In December 2004, the single was re-released in the UK and peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart. It\n\nQuestion: Who is Tim Beaglehole?", "output": "Timothy Holmes Beaglehole was a New Zealand academic and Chancellor of Victoria University of Wellington."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nairi Hrachiki Hunanyan (, born 8 December 1965) is an Armenian journalist who led the armed attack on the Armenian parliament on 27 October 1999 and killed Prime Minister Vazgen Sargsyan and Parliament Speaker Karen Demirchyan and six other politicians. Early life and education Hunanyan was born in 1965 in Yerevan. He served in the Soviet army from 1984 to 1985, when he was discharged for health reasons. He graduated from the Department of Philology of Yerevan State University in 1990. Career In 1988 he became an active participant in the Karabakh movement and was one of the founders of the Alliance of Armenian Students. He became a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation in 1990. According to the ARF, Hunanyan was expelled from the party in 1992 for misconduct and had not been in any association with the ARF since then. Later he founded and managed the Horizon news\n\nTraben-Trarbach () on the Middle Moselle is a town in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde and a state-recognized climatic spa (Luftkurort). The city lies in the so-called \"Valley of Dawn\". Geography Location Traben-Trarbach lies some 40 km northeast of Trier and some 60 km southwest of Koblenz in the valley of the Middle Moselle. North of the town is found the mountain inside a bend in the Moselle, Mont Royal. Frankfurt-Hahn Airport in the Hunsr\u00fcck lies some 10 km away towards the east (in each case, as the crow flies). The municipal area spreads over a total of 31,350,000 m\u00b2 with a great share of this being wooded. This makes Traben-Trarbach the biggest town by land area on the Middle Moselle. Traben lies on the Moselle\u2019s left bank at the foot of the former fort of Mont Royal, and Trarbach lies\n\nThe Information Architecture Institute (IA Institute or IAI) was a non-profit volunteer organization dedicated to advancing and promoting information architecture. The organization, originally known as the Asilomar Institute for Information Architecture, was incorporated in November 2002, and was a 501(c)(6) organization. It grew to become one of the world's largest professional groups for web specialists, with over 1200 members in 60 countries, It was dissolved in September 2019 and is no longer a professional board of trade. The institute broadly defined \"information architecture\" as: The structural design of shared information environments. The art and science of organizing and labeling web sites, intranets, online communities and software to support usability and findability. An emerging community of practice focused on bringing principles of design and architecture to the digital landscape. Founding of the Institute The Information Architecture Institute was founded in 2001 by Peter Morville, Lou Rosenfeld, Erin Malone, Lisa Chan, Christina\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Nairi Hunanyan.", "output": "Nairi Hrachiki Hunanyan is an Armenian journalist who led the armed attack on the Armenian parliament on 27 October 1999 and killed Prime Minister Vazgen Sargsyan and Parliament Speaker Karen Demirchyan and six other politicians."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alexander Jannaeus ( ; Yanna\u02bey; born Jonathan ) was the second king of the Hasmonean dynasty, who ruled over an expanding kingdom of Judaea from 103 to 76 BCE. A son of John Hyrcanus, he inherited the throne from his brother Aristobulus I, and married his brother's widow, Queen Salome Alexandra. From his conquests to expand the kingdom to a bloody civil war, Alexander's reign has been generalised as cruel and oppressive with never-ending conflict. The major historical sources of Alexander's life are Josephus's Antiquities of the Jews and The Jewish War. The kingdom of Alexander Jannaeus was the largest and strongest known Jewish State outside of biblical sources, having conquered most of Palestine's Mediterranean coastline and regions surrounding the Jordan River. Alexander also had many of his subjects killed for their disapproval of his handling of state affairs. Due to his territorial expansion and interactions with his subjects, he\n\nTrevor Ruffin (born September 26, 1970) is an American former professional basketball player who played briefly in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The 6'1\" point guard played at the University of Hawaii from 1992 to 1994. While leading the Rainbow Warriors to a 1994 NCAA tournament appearance, Trevor set the school's single game individual scoring record with 42 points vs. the University of Louisville. He entered the NBA undrafted in 1994, where he played with the Phoenix Suns and the Philadelphia 76ers from 1994\u20131996. He played with the PAOK from Thessaloniki Greece in 1995. He was waived by the ABA's Buffalo Rapids/Silverbacks during the 2005\u20132006 season due to injury but returned as interim head coach in November 2006 following the resignation of Richard Jacob. He has since been succeeded by Marc Fulcher. Although he only started in 24 out of 110 career NBA games, Ruffin was known to provide instant\n\nThe Reading Kangaroos is an Australian rules football club which plays in the English town of Reading. Formed by Australians living in the area, the club quickly grew with strong local interest, now attracting players from all over Berkshire. The club is sponsored by The Reading Walkabout. History The Reading Roos were formed for the 2003 British Australian Rules Football League season, playing in the newly formed BARFL Regional division. They played their first match against a selection from Oxford University at King's Meadow in Reading, and in the regular season, went on to make the grand final \u2013 although they were defeated by the Bristol Dockers. The 2004 season saw the Roos win the grand final, thumping Bristol 28.20.188 to 1.6.12. The club also travelled to Aalborg in Denmark and won the Sheep Stations Cup against the North Copenhagen Barracudas. In 2005, the Roos competed in both the BARFL\n\nQuestion: Who is Alexander Jannaeus", "output": "Alexander Jannaeus was the second king of the Hasmonean dynasty, who ruled over an expanding kingdom of Judaea from 103 to 76 BCE."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "John Phillip \"Sean\" Wight (15 March 1964 \u2013 30 June 2011) was an Irish-Australian Australian rules footballer in the VFL/AFL. He is a member of the Melbourne Football Club Hall of Fame and was named as one of the 150 Heroes of the club during the club's 150th celebrations. The 185 cm tall, 85 kg Wight played for the Melbourne Football Club between 1985 and 1995, playing 150 games and scoring 63 goals. He is not only the first player to be associated with the Irish experiment, but also considered to be one of its most successful products. Early life Wight was born in Glasgow Scotland to mother Peggy of Listowel and Scottish father John. As a 13 year old Sean moved with his family to his mother's native Listowel in Ireland in 1978 where he was raised in where he took up gaelic football. He played Gaelic football with\n\nTimana James Aporo Tahu (born 16 October 1980) is an Australian former professional rugby league and rugby union footballer. He last played for Denver Stampede in the US PRO Rugby competition. A dual-code international representative three-quarter back for Australia's Kangaroos and then the Wallabies, he could also play and played for New South Wales in State of Origin. Tahu started his career in the National Rugby League for the Newcastle Knights, with whom he won the 2001 NRL Premiership before moving to the Parramatta Eels. He then played for the New South Wales Waratahs in the Super Rugby competition. Tahu returned to the NRL with the Eels and then the Penrith Panthers before finishing his NRL career where it started with the Newcastle Knights. Background Tahu was born in Melbourne of a New Zealand M\u0101ori father and an Australian Aboriginal mother, as a result he was eligible for both the\n\nPaul Myners, Baron Myners, (1 April 1948 \u2013 16 January 2022) was a British businessman and politician. In October 2008 he was elevated to the House of Lords as a life peer and was appointed City Minister in the Labour Government of Gordon Brown, serving until May 2010. As City Minister Myners was responsible for overseeing the financial services sector during the global financial crisis and its aftermath, including leading the controversial 2008 United Kingdom bank rescue package. Myners sat in the House of Lords as a Labour peer until 2014, resigning to become a non-affiliated member before joining the crossbench group in 2015. Myners began working in the financial sector in 1974 at N M Rothschild & Sons and was appointed to the board of directors in 1977. Subsequently, he held a number of high-profile business roles, including as chairman of Gartmore Group, Land Securities and Marks & Spencer.\n\nQuestion: Who is Timana Tahu", "output": "Timana James Aporo Tahu is an Australian former professional rugby league and rugby union footballer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"The Return of Chef\" is the first episode in the tenth season of the American animated television series South Park. The 140th episode of the series overall, it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on March 22, 2006. The episode was the first after the departure of actor Isaac Hayes, who voiced the character Chef. Hayes, a Scientologist, left after a falling-out with the creators over their treatment of Scientology in the previous season's episode \"Trapped in the Closet\". Scientology has been accused of using brainwashing techniques, and the episode portrays Chef as having been brainwashed. In a press statement, Hayes was quoted as saying: \"There is a place in this world for satire, but there is a time when satire ends and intolerance and bigotry towards religious beliefs of others begins.\" While the statement did not directly mention Scientology, South Parks co-creator Matt Stone responded that\n\nSatyajit Ray (1921\u20131992), a Bengali film director from India, is well known for his contributions to Bengali literature. He created two of the most famous characters in Feluda the sleuth and Professor Shanku the scientist. He wrote several short novels and stories in addition to those based on these two characters. His fiction was targeted mainly at younger readers, though it became popular among children and adults alike. Most of his novels and stories in Bengali have been published by Ananda Publishers, Kolkata; and most of his screenplays have been published in Bengali in the literary journal Ekshan, edited by his close friend Nirmalya Acharya. During the mid-1990s, Ray's film essays and an anthology of short stories were also published in the West. Many of the stories have been translated into English and published. Feluda stories Feluda, whose real name is Pradosh Chandra Mitra, is a fictional Kolkata-based private detective.\n\nBenjamin Horace (Ben) Weese (born 1929) in Evanston, Illinois is an American architect hailing from Chicago, and a member of the architects group, the Chicago Seven. Weese is the younger brother of Chicago architect Harry Weese. He received BArch and MArch degrees from Harvard University, and a certificate from the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts in Fontainebleau, France. He returned to Chicago in 1957 into his older brother's firm, Harry Weese Associates, which specialized in urban renewal and subsidized housing projects. In the late 1970s, he was a member of the Chicago Seven, a group which emerged in opposition to the doctrinal application of modernism, as represented particularly in Chicago by the followers of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. In 1977, Weese opened his own firm, Weese Seegers Hickey Weese, with his wife. This turned out to be an award-winning firm, later becoming Weese Langley Weese, and is known for non-profit and\n\nQuestion: Tell me what The Return of Chef is.", "output": "\"The Return of Chef\" is the first episode in the tenth season of the American animated television series South Park."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Grey Will Fade is the debut studio album by English musician Charlotte Hatherley, the guitarist for Ash, released by Double Dragon Music on 16 August 2004. Spurred on by the positive response to \"Grey Will Fade\", which appeared as a B-side to Ash's single \"There's a Star\" (2001), Hatherley set about recording her solo album. Enlisting the help of Eric Drew Feldman, the sessions for the album were happening concurrently in Los Angeles, California, at Wild Hamster, while Ash was recording their album Meltdown (2004). Described as a pop punk and power pop record, Hatherley's vocals on Grey Will Fade earned her comparisons to Bj\u00f6rk, Tanya Donelly, and PJ Harvey. Grey Will Fade received generally favourable reviews from critics, some of whom commented positively on the songwriting. The album charted at number 48 in Scotland and number 51 in the UK. \"Summer\" and \"Bastardo\" both reached a peak of number\n\nStihl (, ) is a German manufacturer of chainsaws and other handheld power equipment including trimmers and blowers. Their headquarters are in Waiblingen, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, near Stuttgart, Germany. Stihl was founded in 1926 by Andreas Stihl, an innovator in early chain saw production. Stihl says it is the world's best-selling brand of chain saws and the only chain saw manufacturer to make its own saw chains and guide bars. Andreas Stihl AG is a privately held company owned by the descendants of Andreas Stihl. Stihl operates the Stihl Timbersports Series. Company history Andreas Stihl designed and hand built his first chainsaw in 1926. The saw was electrically powered, and weighed about . Stihl grew slowly initially, as the chainsaws came to the market about the same time as the Great Depression; with manpower cheap, and old two-man saws proven, there was no need for power saws. In 1930, Stihl created the\n\nWetar Strait (, , ) is an international strait in Southeast Asia. It separates the island of Wetar from the eastern part of the island of Timor. The strait is also the eastern portion of a pair of international straits, the other one being Ombai Strait; the two straits combine to link the Indian Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. Etymology Wetar is the name of the Indonesian island on the other side of the strait's northern coastline. In Tetum, the expression tasi feto () is often used to refer to the 'Ombai-Wetar Strait', which extends along most of Timor's northern shores. The counterpart of that body of water, the Timor Sea, which has larger waves, is more turbid, and washes the whole of Timor's southern coastline, is commonly referred to in Tetum as tasi mane (). Geography The strait separates the island of Wetar from the eastern part of the\n\nQuestion: What's Wetar Strait?", "output": "Wetar Strait is an international strait in Southeast Asia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Vileness Fats is an unfinished musical film project by avant-garde art collective The Residents, filmed primarily between 1972 and 1976. The Residents shot over fourteen hours of film and videotape for the project, but were not even two-thirds of the way through their incomplete script before they cancelled the production. Sections of the film have been released on home video as the 30 minute Whatever Happened to Vileness Fats? featurette in 1984, and on the Icky Flix DVD in 2001 as a remastered 17 minute \"concentrate\", excising numerous plot points. Additional clips and outtakes from the production were seen in the 2015 documentary Theory of Obscurity: A Film About The Residents. Plot The village of Vileness Flats is constantly under attack by the Atomic Shopping Carts, armored carts with large drills. A bridge keeps the Carts away, but the villagers enlist the Siamese twin tag-team wrestlers, Arf and Omega, to\n\nFucked Up is a Canadian hardcore punk band from Toronto, Ontario, formed in 2001. The band consists of guitarists Mike Haliechuk and Josh Zucker, bassist Sandy Miranda, lead vocalist Damian Abraham and drummer Jonah Falco. From 2007 to 2021, the band also included guitarist and vocalist Ben Cook. To date, the band has released six studio albums, alongside numerous EPs, singles, and companion releases. The band won the 2009 Polaris Music Prize for their second studio album, The Chemistry of Common Life. History 2001\u20132007 The band formed and played their first shows in early 2001. The initial practicing lineup consisted of lead guitarist Mike Haliechuk of 10,000 Marbles, rhythm guitarist Josh Zucker of Concentration Camp, bassist Sandy Miranda of Mustard Gas and lead vocalist Chris Colohan of Left For Dead/The Swarm fame and Cursed. Just prior to recording their demo tape, vocal duties were taken over from Colohan by Pink\n\nHenry Brazeale Walthall (March 16, 1878 \u2013 June 17, 1936) was an American stage and film actor. He appeared as the Little Colonel in D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation (1915). Early life Henry B. Walthall was born March 16, 1878 on a cotton plantation owned by his father in Shelby County, Alabama. His father Junius Leigh Walthall had been a captain in the Confederate States Army. His sister, Anna Mae Walthall (1894-1950) had a film career in the 1920s. In 1898, during the Spanish\u2013American War, he enlisted in the First Alabama Regiment. He contracted malaria while in camp in Jacksonville, Florida, and the war ended before he had recovered. He served 11 months, and when his regiment was discharged he returned home. Then, with $100, he left for New York to make his career on the stage. He played small parts with the Murray Hill Theater stock\n\nQuestion: What is Fucked Up?", "output": "Fucked Up is a Canadian hardcore punk band from Toronto, Ontario, formed in 2001."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Interstitial art is any work of art the basic nature of which falls between, rather than within, the familiar boundaries of accepted genres or media, thus making the work difficult to categorize or describe within a single artistic discipline. The concept of interstitiality The word interstitial means \"between spaces\", and is commonly used to denote \"in-betweenness\" in several different cultural contexts. Architects refer to the leftover gaps between building walls as \"interstitial space\", being neither inside any room nor outside the building. Medical doctors have used the term for hundreds of years to refer to a space within the human body that lies in between blood vessels and organs, or in between individual cells. Television station programmers refer to any short piece of content that is neither a show nor a commercial, but is sandwiched between them, as \"an interstitial\". The interstitial arts movement In the mid-1990s, Delia Sherman, Ellen\n\nBosnia and Herzegovina is located in Southeastern Europe. Situated in the western Balkans, it has a border with Croatia to the north and southwest, a border with Serbia to the east, and a border with Montenegro to the southeast. It borders the Adriatic Sea along its coastline. The most striking features of the local terrain are valleys and mountains which measure up to in height. The country is mostly mountainous, encompassing the central Dinaric Alps. The northeastern parts reach into the Pannonian basin, while in the south it borders the Adriatic Sea. The country's natural resources include coal, iron ore, bauxite, manganese, nickel, clay, gypsum, salt, sand, timber and hydropower. Regions The country's name comes from the two regions Bosnia and Herzegovina, which have a very vaguely defined border between them. Bosnia occupies the northern areas which are roughly four fifths of the entire country, while Herzegovina occupies the rest\n\nEric Joseph Flaim (born March 9, 1967) is an American former speed skater. He became a world champion in 1988, as well as capturing Olympic silver medals, namely in speed skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics and in short track speed skating at the 1994 Winter Olympics. Biography and Olympic career Flaim was born in Pembroke, Massachusetts. He began skating at the age of five on a small pond next to his home on Fairwood Drive, Pembroke. He soon starting playing youth ice hockey in his hometown at the Hobomock Arena, later joining travel teams always with the encouragement and support of his father Enrico. His first introduction to the sport started in short track speed skating with the Baystate Speed Skating Club. At 11 years of age in 1979, he pursued both hockey and speed skating for two seasons. Watching the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid and Eric\n\nQuestion: What is Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina", "output": "Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in Southeastern Europe."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tuslaw Local Schools is a public school district located in Stark County, Ohio, United States and serves most of Tuscarawas Township, the southern half of Lawrence Township, and western portions of the City of Massillon. The school district was formed in 1965, consolidating four rural districts Moffit, Beech Grove, North Lawrence, and Newman. Prior to the district's formation, students in these outlying areas would attend high school in Massillon. The Tuslaw School District was named for the two townships in which the district resides. Tuslaw High School was constructed one mile north of then US 30 Lincoln Highway (currently SR-172) along SR-93 in Tuscarawas, Township. The district maintained the original four district buildings as K-8, with high school students attending Tuslaw High School. The district was reconfigured over time as the district enrollment grew. Voters passed a levy in 2002 to construct a new high school next to the original\n\nThe Pacific Coast Championships was an annual men's tennis tournament founded as the Pacific States Championships or the Pacific Coast Sectional Championships also known as the Pacific Coast International Championships. It was the second-oldest ongoing tennis tournament in the United States and ran from 1889 until 2013. Its final edition, known by its sponsored name SAP Open, was an ATP World Tour 250 series event on the Association of Tennis Professionals tour and played indoors on a hard court surface at the SAP Center at San Jose. History The tournament began in 1889 as the Pacific Coast Championships at the Old Del Monte Lodge in Monterey, California and was won by William H. Taylor. It is the second-oldest tennis tournament in the United States, predated only by the U.S. Championships (current US Open). The tournament predates the Australian Open and the French Open. The following year, 1890, the tournament moved\n\nUruta\u00ed is a municipality in southeast Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. It is a major producer of poultry products. Location Uruta\u00ed is located 163 kilometers from the state capital, Goi\u00e2nia. Highway connections are made by BR-352 / Bela Vista de Goi\u00e1s / Cristian\u00f3polis / BR-352 / G-020 / Santa Cruz de Goi\u00e1s / Palmelo. See Sepin for all the distances. In the north it borders Pires do Rio and Orizona; in the south and the east it borders Ipameri; and in the east it borders Pires do Rio. The elevation is between 654 and 988 meters with the municipal seat lying at 807 meters. Political information Mayor: \u00c9sio Bento Lemos do Prado (January 2005) City council: 09 members Eligible voters: 2,535 (December/2007) Demographics Population density: 4.35 inhabitants/km2 (2007) Population in 1980: 3,138 Population in 2007: 2,727 Urban population: 2,212 (2007) Rural population: 515 (2007) Population growth rate: -0.46% 1996/2007 The economy The\n\nQuestion: Define Pacific Coast Championships.", "output": "The Pacific Coast Championships was an annual men's tennis tournament founded as the Pacific States Championships or the Pacific Coast Sectional Championships also known as the Pacific Coast International Championships."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Baltic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively or as a second language by a population of about 6.5\u20137.0 million people mainly in areas extending east and southeast of the Baltic Sea in Europe. Together with the Slavic languages, they form the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European family. Scholars usually regard them as a single subgroup divided into two branches: Western Baltic (containing only extinct languages) and Eastern Baltic (containing at least two living languages, Lithuanian, Latvian, and by some counts including Latgalian and Samogitian as separate languages rather than dialects of those two). The range of the Eastern Baltic linguistic influence once possibly reached as far as the Ural Mountains, but this hypothesis has been questioned. Old Prussian, a Western Baltic language that became extinct in the 18th century, has possibly retained the greatest number of properties from Proto-Baltic. Although related, Lithuanian, Latvian, and\n\nThe Deer Isle Bridge is a suspension bridge spanning Eggemoggin Reach in the state of Maine. The bridge is the only vehicular connection from the Maine mainland to Little Deer Isle, one of the segments that make up the island. The span was completed in March 1939 with a main span of . The bridge was designed by Holton Duncan Robinson and David Bernard Steinman. It encountered wind stability problems that were similar to those of the Whitestone Bridge and the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge, which collapsed shortly after it opened. The problems led to modifications which included numerous cable stays connecting cables to the tower and tower to the deck. The span today carries two narrow lanes of State Route 15. A re-decking project was completed in May 2008. Repainting started in mid-2010 has been completed. History The Deer Isle-Sedgwick Bridge, named for the two townships it connects, was\n\nNellie Cournoyea (born March 4, 1940 in Aklavik, Northwest Territories) is a Canadian politician, who served as the sixth premier of the Northwest Territories from 1991 to 1995. She was the first female premier of a Canadian territory and the second female premier in Canadian history after Rita Johnston of British Columbia. Cournoyea is of mixed Norwegian and Inupiaq heritage. Before entering politics, Cournoyea was an announcer and station manager for CBC North in Inuvik, and a land claims worker for the Inuit Tapirisat of Canada. She was first elected to the territorial Legislative Assembly in 1979, representing the electoral district of Western Arctic until it was dissolved in 1983, and then the new district of Nunakput for the remainder of her career in politics. She served the government in a variety of cabinet positions. On November 14, 1991, she was chosen as premier under the territory's consensus government system,\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Nellie Cournoyea.", "output": "Nellie Cournoyea is a Canadian politician, who served as the sixth premier of the Northwest Territories from 1991 to 1995."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Philippe DeRouville (born August 7, 1974) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 3 games in the National Hockey League with the Pittsburgh Penguins during the 1994\u201395 and 1996\u201397 seasons. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1994 to 2008, was spent in the minor leagues and then in Europe. Playing career DeRouville was a top prospect in junior hockey but his National Hockey League tenure lasted all of three games in the 1990s. He bounced around the minors for five years before playing in various European leagues. Born in Victoriaville, Quebec, DeRouville played in the QAAA with Magog before joining Longueuil Coll\u00e8ge Fran\u00e7ais of the QMJHL. He was chosen 115th overall by the Pittsburgh Penguins in 1992 then returned to junior for two more years. DeRouville represented Canada at the 1993 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. The gifted youngster was named to the league's second\n\nThe Boston Red Sox Radio Network is an American radio network composed of 54 radio stations which carry English language coverage of the Boston Red Sox, a professional baseball team in Major League Baseball (MLB). Lawrence, Massachusetts station WEEI-FM (93.7 FM), which serves Boston and the Greater Boston area, serves as the network's Flagship. The network also includes 49 affiliates in the U.S. states of Massachusetts, Maine, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Hampshire, New York, and Florida: 28 AM stations, 24 of which supplement their signals with one or more FM translators; and 21 full-power FM stations, one of which supplements its signal with several FM translators. Joe Castiglione currently serves as the network's play-by-play announcer; since the start of the 2020 Red Sox season, Will Flemming, Sean McDonough, Jon Sciambi, Dave O'Brien, Dale Arnold and Tom Caron have alternated with Castiglione providing color commentary. In addition to traditional over-the-air\n\nViscount Lorton, of Boyle in the County of Roscommon, is a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created on 28 May 1806 for General Robert King, 1st Baron Erris. He had already been made Baron Erris, of Boyle in the County of Roscommon, on 29 December 1800, also in the Peerage of Ireland. King was the second son of Robert King, 2nd Earl of Kingston (see Earl of Kingston for earlier history of the family). In 1823 he was elected an Irish Representative peer. His son, the second Viscount, succeeded to the earldom of Kingston on the death of his cousin in 1869. The titles remain united. The Honourable Laurence King-Harman, younger son of the first Viscount, was the father of Edward King-Harman, a politician, and Sir Charles King-Harman, High Commissioner to Cyprus. Viscounts Lorton (1806) Robert Edward King, 1st Viscount Lorton (1773\u20131854) Robert King, 2nd Viscount Lorton\n\nQuestion: What is Boston Red Sox Radio Network", "output": "The Boston Red Sox Radio Network is an American radio network composed of 54 radio stations which carry English language coverage of the Boston Red Sox, a professional baseball team in Major League Baseball."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jules Ottenstadion was a multi-purpose stadium in Gentbrugge, Ghent, Belgium. It was used mostly for football matches and used to be the home ground of K.A.A. Gent. The stadium held 12,919 seats and was built in 1920. It was replaced as the club's home ground by the new Ghelamco Arena in 2013. At the end of the use of the stadium for the home matches of KAA Gent, it was simply called Ottenstadion by the people of Ghent. It was situated in the centre of a residential neighbourhood in the Bruiloftstraat in Gentbrugge. History The stadium was built in 1920 and was officially opened on 22 August of that year by the Dauphin of that time, Prince Leopold. The stadium was named after Jules Otten, one of the founders of KAA Gent, which was called La Gantoise at that time. During the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, it hosted the\n\nStyal railway station is near Manchester Airport in Cheshire, England. History The station was opened in 1909 with the construction of the line from Wilmslow to Manchester London Road (now Piccadilly). It won numerous best-kept station garden awards in the 1940s and 1950s under stationmasters Mott, Hilton and Jackson. The garden is long abandoned, but there were plans to uncover and restore some of it in spring 2011. A petition was created to seek a resumption of a morning commuter service to Manchester and daytime services to serve HMP Styal and National Trust Styal and local residents. The station is on Station Road, 110 metres from the edge of the National Trust Quarry Bank Mill/Styal Estate and 600 metres from Styal Women's Prison and Young Offenders Institute. Services Styal enjoyed a half-hourly service in each direction until the mid-1990s. The construction of the airport rail link in 1993 saw services\n\nBrigita Bukovec (born 21 May 1970) is a retired Slovenian hurdler who won an Olympic silver medal in 1996. During the Olympics she set a personal best time with 12.59 seconds. She retired from athletics at the end of the1999 season. Biography Bukovec was born in Ljubljana on 21 May 1970. Bukovec started her career as an athlete in her home country, specializing in hurdles. She ran the 100 metre below 13 for the first time in 1993. That year, she was also chosen as Slovenian Sportswoman of the Year; an award that she was to win a total of five times (the other years being 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998). Bukovec won the gold medal at the 1993 Mediterranean Games, and another gold medal at the 1994 Goodwill Games. She achieved fourth place in 60m hurdles at the 1994 European Athletics Indoor Championships in Paris and fourth place in 100m\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Styal railway station is.", "output": "Styal railway station is near Manchester Airport in Cheshire, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Albrecht Ludwig Berblinger (24 June 1770 \u2013 28 January 1829), also known as the Tailor of Ulm, is famous for having constructed a working heavier-than-air flying machine, presumably a hang glider. Early life Berblinger was the seventh child of a poor family. When he was 13, his father died, and he was sent to an orphanage. There he was forced to become a tailor, although he wanted to become a watchmaker. He became a master craftsman at 21, but he still was interested in mechanics. In his spare time in 1808, he invented an artificial limb with a moveable joint for a soldier who had lost a leg. Flight attempts One of Berblinger's inventions was considered to be an early hang glider. He worked on it for years, improving it by watching the flight of owls. He was derided by many, and he was threatened with exclusion from the guild.\n\nIn geometry, the small cubicuboctahedron is a uniform star polyhedron, indexed as U13. It has 20 faces (8 triangles, 6 squares, and 6 octagons), 48 edges, and 24 vertices. Its vertex figure is a crossed quadrilateral. The small cubicuboctahedron is a faceting of the rhombicuboctahedron. Its square faces and its octagonal faces are parallel to those of a cube, while its triangular faces are parallel to those of an octahedron: hence the name cubicuboctahedron. The small suffix serves to distinguish it from the great cubicuboctahedron, which also has faces in the aforementioned directions. Related polyhedra It shares its vertex arrangement with the stellated truncated hexahedron. It additionally shares its edge arrangement with the rhombicuboctahedron (having the triangular faces and 6 square faces in common), and with the small rhombihexahedron (having the octagonal faces in common). Related tilings As the Euler characteristic suggests, the small cubicuboctahedron is a toroidal polyhedron of\n\nHollywoodland is a 2006 American mystery drama film directed by Allen Coulter and written by Paul Bernbaum. The story presents a fictionalized account of the circumstances surrounding the death of actor George Reeves (played by Ben Affleck), the star of the 1950s film Superman and the Mole Men and television series Adventures of Superman. Adrien Brody stars as a fictional character, Louis Simo, a private detective investigating Toni Mannix (Diane Lane), who was involved in a long romantic relationship with Reeves and was the wife of MGM studio executive Eddie Mannix (Bob Hoskins). Reeves had ended the affair and had become engaged to a younger woman, aspiring actress Leonore Lemmon (Robin Tunney). Development for Hollywoodland began in 2001 when Focus Features purchased Bernbaum's script, titled Truth, Justice, and the American Way. Michael and Mark Polish were set to direct with Benicio del Toro in the lead role, but Focus Features\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Albrecht Berblinger.", "output": "Albrecht Ludwig Berblinger, also known as the Tailor of Ulm, is famous for having constructed a working heavier-than-air flying machine, presumably a hang glider."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Alexios III Angelos (Greek: \u0386\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u0386\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2; 1211), Latinized as Alexius III Angelus, was Byzantine Emperor from March 1195 to 17/18 July 1203. He reigned under the name Alexios Komnenos (Greek: \u0386\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2), associating himself with the Komnenos dynasty (from which he was descended matrilineally). A member of the extended imperial family, Alexios came to the throne after deposing, blinding and imprisoning his younger brother Isaac II Angelos. The most significant event of his reign was the attack of the Fourth Crusade on Constantinople in 1203, on behalf of Alexios IV Angelos. Alexios III took over the defence of the city, which he mismanaged, and then fled the city at night with one of his three daughters. From Adrianople, and then Mosynopolis, he attempted unsuccessfully to rally his supporters, only to end up a captive of Marquis Boniface of Montferrat. He was ransomed and sent to Asia Minor where he plotted\n\nCross-phase modulation (XPM) is a nonlinear optical effect where one wavelength of light can affect the phase of another wavelength of light through the optical Kerr effect. When the optical power from a wavelength impacts the refractive index, the impact of the new refractive index on another wavelength is known as XPM. Applications of XPM Cross-phase modulation can be used as a technique for adding information to a light stream by modifying the phase of a coherent optical beam with another beam through interactions in an appropriate nonlinear medium. This technique is applied to fiber optic communications. If both beams have the same wavelength, then this type of cross-phase modulation is degenerate. XPM is among the most commonly used techniques for quantum nondemolition measurements. Other advantageous applications of XPM include: Nonlinear optical Pulse Compression of ultrashort pulses Passive mode-locking Ultrafast optical switching Demultiplexing of OTDM channels Wavelength conversion of WDM\n\nThe Massachusetts Line was those units within the Continental Army that were assigned to Massachusetts at various times by the Continental Congress during the American Revolutionary War. These, together with similar contingents from the other twelve states, formed the Continental Line. Line regiments were assigned to a particular state, which was then financially responsible for the maintenance (staffing and supplying) of the regiment. The concept of the line was also particularly important in relation to the promotion of commissioned officers. Officers of the Continental Army below the rank of brigadier general were ordinarily ineligible for promotion except in the line of their own state. The size of the Massachusetts Line varied from as many as 27 active regiments (at the outset of the war) to four (at its end). For most of the war after the siege of Boston (April 1775 to March 1776) almost all of these units were\n\nQuestion: Define Massachusetts Line.", "output": "The Massachusetts Line was those units within the Continental Army that were assigned to Massachusetts at various times by the Continental Congress during the American Revolutionary War."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Israel Bush Richardson (December 26, 1815 \u2013 November 3, 1862) was a United States Army officer during the Mexican\u2013American War and American Civil War, where he was a major general in the Union Army. Nicknamed \"Fighting Dick\" for his prowess on the battlefield, he was mortally wounded at the Battle of Antietam near Sharpsburg, Maryland. Early life and career Richardson was born in Fairfax, Vermont. He was reportedly a descendant of famed American Revolutionary War general Israel Putnam. He was appointed from Vermont to the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York. He graduated 38th out of 52 cadets in the Class of 1841. He was one of 23 classmates who would become generals during the Civil War. After some routine assignments, Richardson served as a second lieutenant in the Second Seminole War in Florida. He was promoted to first lieutenant on Sep 21, 1846. He received two\n\nThe Plague Column () or Immaculata is a Baroque plague column (Marian and Holy Trinity column) in Ko\u0161ice, Slovakia. The column is situated in a small park and commemorates the gratitude to Mary for an end to the plague epidemic from 1709 and 1710. It was erected at the place of medieval gallows at F\u0151 utca (Main Street, now called Hlavn\u00e1 ulica) in 1723. Local legend holds that the relics of Saint Valentine are hidden beneath the structure. It is a column on a stone basement with sculptures of Saint Joseph, Saint Sebastian and Saint Ladislaus. There is a sculpture of the Virgin Mary on the top of the column. The sculptures of Saint Gabriel, Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, Saint Margaret, Saint Michael the Archangel and Saint Barbara are on the pillars of the fence. The statue was damaged during World War II. It was restored by academic sculptor Vojtech\n\nUSS Lansing (DE-388), an Edsall-class destroyer escort, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for Aviation Machinist Mate First Class William Henry Lansing. Namesake William Henry Lansing was born on 7 March 1914 in Amsterdam, New York. He enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve on 14 February 1933. He joined the regular United States Navy on 8 May 1934 and was assigned to in August. In December 1941, Aviation Machinist Mate First Class Lansing joined Patrol Squadron 43, serving at San Diego, California and Alameda, California. Following the entry of the United States into World War II, his squadron was dispatched to the Aleutian Islands for the aviation buildup in the North Pacific. On 11 June 1942 as plane captain, he participated in a divebombing and strafing attack on Japanese shipping in Kiska Harbor. While manning his exposed and unprotected station at the engine\n\nQuestion: What is Israel B. Richardson", "output": "Israel Bush Richardson was a United States Army officer during the Mexican\u2013American War and American Civil War, where he was a major general in the Union Army."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Rayside-Balfour Sabrecats were a Junior \"A\" ice hockey team from Rayside-Balfour, Ontario, Canada. This defunct hockey team was a part of the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League. History A very successful franchise, the Sabrecats won the Dudley Hewitt Cup three times (1997, 2000, and 2002) and a dynastic seven straight McNamara Trophies as NOJHL champions (1996\u20132002). In 2000, they reached the finals of the Royal Bank Cup, only to lose a heartbreaking 2\u20131 game to the host Fort McMurray Oil Barons. While still playing for the Sabrecats, goaltender S\u00e9bastien Laplante was selected in the 9th round (277th overall) by the Los Angeles Kings in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft. The team was granted a one-year leave from the NOJHL in 2005, but in Spring 2006 the NOJHL announced that the Sabrecats will not be returning and have officially folded. Season-by-season results Past coaches Larry B\u00e9dard References Defunct ice hockey\n\nPlatymantis is a genus of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae. They are commonly known as wrinkled ground frogs, ground frogs, and forest frogs. As currently defined, Platymantis is a large genus with up to as many as 60 species found mostly in the Philippines. However, it is known to be paraphyletic. Solving this problem will likely lead to a more narrowly defined Platymantis, possibly by transferring some species to a larger Ceratobatrachus (with Batrachylodes). Species There are currently at least 30 extant species in this genus. Brown, et al. (2015) estimates that there may be a total of 50-60 species in Platymantis if all cryptic species were to be described. In addition, there is an extinct species: Platymantis megabotoniviti, Giant Fiji ground frog Species moved to genus Cornufer Brown, et al. (2015) moved the Platymantis species of Oceania into the newly proposed genus Cornufer. Species in the Philippines remained in\n\nLoricosaurus (meaning \"armour lizard\") is a genus of sauropod represented by a single species. It is a titanosaurian that lived near the end of the Late Cretaceous period, approximately 71 million years ago in the early Maastrichtian. Found in the province of Neuquen, Argentina in the Allen Formation. Due to the presence of armour, at first it was thought that it was an ankylosaur, but today it is considered to be the armour of a titanosaur. Armour The armour of Loricosaurus has caused some controversy. When Huene first described it, he considered it to be from an ankylosaur. Later, it was discovered to not belong to ankylosaurs, but to belong to titanosaurs. Now it is considered to possibly belong to Neuquensaurus or Saltasaurus. Species In 1929 von Huene described Loricosaurus based on some armour osteoderms found in Argentina. The type species, Loricosaurus scutatus, is now considered possibly a synonym of\n\nQuestion: Define Platymantis.", "output": "Platymantis is a genus of frogs in the family Ceratobatrachidae."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "John Ainsworth Horrocks (22 March 1818 \u2013 23 September 1846) was an English pastoralist and explorer who was one of the first European settlers in the Clare Valley of South Australia where, in 1840, he established the village of Penwortham. Biography Horrocks was born on Easter Sunday, 22 March 1818, at Penwortham Lodge, near Preston, Lancashire. His father Peter Horrocks, a son of John Horrocks, was an investor/shareholder in the Secondary Towns Association, which aspired to develop towns in the new colony of South Australia. John Ainsworth Horrocks, aged 21, and his brother Eustace, aged 16, arrived at Adelaide in March 1839. Impatient to settle on their own land, the brothers set up camp on 16 January 1840 at present Penwortham, a village which they founded and named. He returned to England in 1842 after his father's death, and then went back to Australia in 1844 to attend to financial\n\nCountrySTAT is a Web-based information technology system for food and agriculture statistics at the national and subnational levels. It provides decision-makers access to statistics across thematic areas such as production, prices, trade and consumption. This supports analysis, informed policy-making and monitoring with the goal of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. Since 2005, the Statistics Division of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has introduced CountrySTAT in over 20 countries in Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Overview The CountrySTAT web system is a browser oriented statistical framework to organise, harmonise and synchronise data collections. CountrySTAT aims are to facilitate data use by policy makers and researchers. It provides statistical standards, data exchange tools and related methods without using external data sources such as databases. The data source is a text file in a specific format, called px-file. The application supports many languages. The layout can be easily changed\n\nStrone () is a village on the Cowal peninsula in Argyll and Bute in the Scottish Highlands at the point where the north shore of the Holy Loch becomes the west shore of the Firth of Clyde. The village lies within the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park. Origin of name The name comes from the Scottish Gaelic for nose, and applies to the hill above the village as well as to Strone Point. It adjoins the settlement of Kilmun on the loch, and the village of Blairmore on Loch Long. It has a (now disused) pier (built in 1847) and was a regular stop for the Clyde steamer services. Village A high road on the side of the hill serves additional houses including Dunselma, a Scottish baronial style house above the point. It was built as a sailing lodge for the wealthy Coats family (proprietors of the eponymous\n\nQuestion: What's Strone, Cowal?", "output": "Strone is a village on the Cowal peninsula in Argyll and Bute in the Scottish Highlands at the point where the north shore of the Holy Loch becomes the west shore of the Firth of Clyde."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Senda Prohibida (English title: Forbidden Path) is the first telenovela produced in Mexico. It was produced by Telesistema Mexicano and was broadcast June 12, 1958, from Monday to Friday. It stars Silvia Derbez as the protagonist / antagonist, with Francisco Jambrina, Dalia \u00cd\u00f1iguez, Alicia Montoya and H\u00e9ctor G\u00f3mez. Plot This is the story of an ambitious secretary, Nora (Silvia Derbez), who falls in love with her wealthy boss (Francisco Jambrina), who is married to a respectable woman (Dalia Iniguez), with whom he has a child (Hector Gomez). The provincial cunning, in exchange for caresses, receive gifts and jewelry from her boss which leads to his ruin. In the end, Nora cries in her wedding dress in front of her mirror, regretting all the damage she's done. Cast Silvia Derbez - Nora Francisco Jambrina - Federico Garc\u00eda Dalia \u00cd\u00f1iguez - Irene H\u00e9ctor G\u00f3mez - Roberto B\u00e1rbara Gil Julio Alem\u00e1n Augusto Benedico\n\nWambule (; ) is a Kiranti language language spoken by the Wambule Rai, one of the Rai groups belonging to the Kiranti (\u0915\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0940) ethnolinguistic family of eastern Nepal. Wambule is spoken by more than 5000 people living around the confluence of the Sunkosi (\u0938\u0941\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0938\u0940) and Dudhkosi (\u0926\u0942\u0927\u0915\u094b\u0938\u0940) rivers near Kui-Bhir Hill. The Wambule-speaking area comprises the southernmost part of Okhaldhunga district, the westernmost part of Khotang district, the northernmost part of Udayapur district, and the northeasternmost part of Sindhuli district. Names Ethnologue records numerous other names that are used for this language. They include Umbule (\u0909\u0901\u092c\u0941\u0932\u0947), Ambule, Awambule (\u0905\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0941\u0932\u0947), Caurasia, Chaurasia, Chaurasya, Chourase, Chourasia, Ombule, Radu Yor./Ayor, Tsaurasya, Umbule, Vambucauras Raduyor/Raduayor, Vambule, Vambule Radu Yor/Ayor, and Vambule Yor/Ayor. The Wambule use several native and Nepali names to designate their language, such as 'V\u0101mbucaur\u0101s R\u0101\u1e0duyor', 'Caur\u0101si\u0101', 'Ombule', 'Umbule' and 'V\u0101mbule'. The language most closely related to Wambule is the western neighbour\n\nGodfrey of Cambrai (also known as Godfrey of Winchester) was the prior of Winchester Abbey from 1082 until his death in 1107. When he joined the Benedictine community around 1070 he was probably around 15 years old. He also was a composer of poems, writing ecclesiastics and eulogies of English kings, and a book of moral epigrams in the style of Martial. Godfrey's genuine works were later often confused with those of Martial's. His work enjoyed considerable popularity in the century after his death and beyond. One of his poems is included in Carmina Burana. Twenty-one manuscripts of his works survive. He was popular, under his own name and erroneously under Martial's, during the Italian Renaissance. References Thomson, Rodney M., 'England and the Twelfth Century Renaissance', Past and Present 101 (1983) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 11th-century births 1107 deaths 11th-century English clergy 12th-century English Roman Catholic priests Priors Year\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Senda prohibida is.", "output": "Senda Prohibida is the first telenovela produced in Mexico."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Piyasena Kahandagamage (1938?- 2003.08.16) is a Sinhala novelist and poet. Born in Baddegama, Galle, Sri Lanka he was a teacher by profession and a union leader. After the UNP government came to power in 1977 he was transferred (as a punishment for his political work) to rural Bintanne in Ampara district, where he based most of his novels. Kahandagamage lost his job after the 1980 general strike. He started writing several serialized novels and articles for the Divaina newspaper. Most of his stories are based around Dambana area where he lived and worked. He wrote several non-fiction books on Veddha culture, language and Sri Lankan farming methods. His unique experience living among veddhas and his writings put him among the handful of writers who wrote about the rural Sinhalese and veddhas, including Leonard Wolfe and Maya Ranjan. His book Vanagatha Charika was translated to English as Jungle jaunts by Tilak\n\nKudallur is in the Palakkad district of Kerala. It is in Pattambi taluk, bordering Malappuram district, also on the banks of Bharathapuzha. The Bharathappuzha river separates Kudallur from Kuttippuram town in Malappuram district. Kudallur is a part of Thrithala (State Assembly constituency) and Ponnani (Lok Sabha constituency). Kudallur is the meeting point of three Taluks - Pattambi Taluk, Ponnani taluk (neighbouring Thavanur village in Malappuram district), and Tirur Taluk (neighbouring Kuttippuram town). Administration This village was originally in Ponnani taluk, before the formation of Malappuram district on 16 June 1969. The famous Malayalam writer M. T. Vasudevan Nair was born there. Kudallur is in the Palakkad district of Kerala.The other well-known personality from here is artist Achutan Kudallur.Among the eminent personalities of the past P.K. Moideen Kutty Sahib dominates a prominent position. He was a great Freedom Fighter who was put in British jail for several years. P.K. Moideen Kutty\n\nRonald James Blake, GBS, OBE, JP (, born 2 April 1934) is a civil engineer, and a former Secretary for Works in the government of colonial Hong Kong. He was appointed to the post of acting CEO of Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC) on 16 March 2006 to replace the outgoing Samuel Lai. Early life James Blake was born in the UK in 1934. He studied structural engineering part-time whilst working as a draftsman for an engineering firm after leaving school. Career While serving with the Royal Engineers in Her Majesty's Armed Forces he arrived in the Territory for the first time in 1958. He qualified as a Chartered Engineer two years later. He settled in Hong Kong in 1965 and worked in various private companies, participating in the construction of the Cross-Harbour Tunnel as well as the MTR amongst other projects. Prior to coming to the Territory, he had worked\n\nQuestion: Define Kudallur.", "output": "Kudallur is in the Palakkad district of Kerala."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The ANAVET Cup is an ice hockey trophy, won through a best-of-seven series conducted annually by the Canadian Junior Hockey League. It is played between the Turnbull Cup champions of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League and the Canalta Cup champions of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League. The winner of the ANAVET Cup earns the western region's berth in the Centennial Cup, the national Junior A championship. The series has been contested since 1971, except from 2013 to 2017, when it was replaced by the Western Canada Cup, and from 2020 to present, when it was cancelled as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020, 2021) and format changes to the national championship. The term \"ANAVET\" comes from the Canadian non-for-profit organization ANAVETS, or Army, Navy and Air Force Veterans in Canada. The Western region's ANAVET Cup Champion traditionally played against the Pacific region's Doyle Cup champion for the Abbott Cup,\n\nis a Japanese manga artist who has created several works with a lesbian theme. These include Indigo Blue, the story of a young author discovering her sexuality, Free Soul, and Love My Life. Career Her debut work was the short story \"Sankakukei no dessert\", published in Monthly LaLa in November 1984. Several of her works were serialized in the josei magazines Feel Young (published by Shodensha) and the now defunct Young You. Although some of her works have been published in France and in Italy, none of them have been officially released in English. A live-action version of her manga Love My Life, which she serialized in Feel Young from 2000 until 2001, was released in Japan in January 2007. In the 2010s, she started publishing in the seinen manga magazine Comic Beam. Her manga Onnanoko ga Iru Basho wa, released in the magazine between 2021 and 2022, is nominated\n\nWilliam Warner Hoppin (September 1, 1807 \u2013 April 19, 1890) was the 24th Governor of Rhode Island from 1854 to 1857. Early life Hoppin was a native of Providence, Rhode Island. He graduated from the Hopkins School in 1824 and then went to Yale University and Yale Law School. He practiced law in Providence. Political career He was elected to the Providence City Council in 1838 and served for four years. He later became active as a Whig, and in 1847 he was elected to Providence's Board of Aldermen, where he served for five years. In 1853 he was elected to the Rhode Island State Senate, where he served until 1854. He was elected Governor as a Whig and served three one year terms, 2 May 1854 to 26 May 1857. Hoppin was a member of the Know Nothing or American Party, an anti-Catholic organization which was very influential in\n\nQuestion: What is Ebine Yamaji", "output": "is a Japanese manga artist who has created several works with a lesbian theme."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Heart in a Cage\" is a song by American rock band the Strokes. Written by lead singer Julian Casablancas, the song was released as the second single from the band's third studio album, First Impressions of Earth (2006). It was released in the United Kingdom on March 20, 2006. The CD1 version of the single featured their cover of Ramones' \"Life's a Gas\" (and contains parts of two other Ramones songs; \"The KKK Took My Baby Away\" and \"Don't Go\") as a B-side, while the CD2 version featured an early version of the song \"You Only Live Once\" (previously named \"I'll Try Anything Once\"), along with the single's music video. The 7\" vinyl includes \"I'll Try Anything Once\", performed by Nick Valensi on the keyboard. Music video The music video for \"Heart in a Cage\" was directed by Samuel Bayer, and was shot in New York City. It was shot\n\nDe Benneville \"Bert\" Bell (February 25, 1895 \u2013 October 11, 1959) was the National Football League (NFL) commissioner from 1946 until his death in 1959. As commissioner, he introduced competitive parity into the NFL to improve the league's commercial viability and promote its popularity. Whereas Bell had become the chief executive in a sport that was largely seen as second-rate and heading a league still plagued by franchise instability, by his death the NFL was a financially sound sports enterprise and seriously challenging Major League Baseball for preeminence among sports attractions in the United States. Bell was posthumously inducted into the charter class of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Bell played football at the University of Pennsylvania, where as quarterback, he led his team to an appearance in the 1917 Rose Bowl. After being drafted into the US Army during World War I, he returned to complete his collegiate\n\nMo\u00efse Schwab (Paris, 18 September 1839 \u2013 8 February 1918) was a French librarian and author. Life He was educated at the Jewish school and the Talmud Torah at Strasburg. From 1857 to 1866 he was secretary to Salomon Munk; then for a year he was official interpreter at the Paris court of appeals; and from 1868 was librarian at the Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale. In 1880 he was sent by the minister of public instruction to Bavaria and W\u00fcrttemberg to make investigations with regard to early Hebrew printing-presses. Works Schwab was a prolific contributor to the Jewish press; and he is the author of the following works, all of which were published in Paris: 1866. Histoire des Isra\u00e9lites (2d ed. 1896). 1866. Ethnographie de la Tunisie (crowned by the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d'Ethnographie). 1871-1889. Le Talmud de J\u00e9rusalem, Traduit pour la Premi\u00e8re Fois en Fran\u00e7ais (11 vols.). 1876. Bibliographie de la Perse (awarded\n\nQuestion: What is Heart in a Cage?", "output": "\"Heart in a Cage\" is a song by American rock band the Strokes."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Anoa'i family ( ) is a family of professional wrestlers originating from American Samoa. Family members have comprised several tag teams and stables within a variety of promotions. Famous members of the family include Dwayne \"The Rock\" Johnson, Roman Reigns, WWE Hall of Famers Rikishi, Yokozuna, and brothers the Wild Samoans (Afa and Sika Anoa\u02bbi). Other notable members include The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso), Umaga, Rosey, Jacob Fatu and Solo Sikoa. Reverend Amituana'i Anoa'i and Peter Maivia were blood brothers, a connection that continued with Afa and Sika, who regard Peter as their uncle. Peter married Ofelia \"Lia\" Fuataga, who already had a daughter named Ata, whom he adopted and raised as his own. Ata married wrestler Rocky Johnson, and the couple became the parents of Dwayne Johnson, who wrestled as \"Rocky Maivia\" and \"The Rock\" before establishing himself as an actor. Peter's first cousin Joseph Fanene\n\nGood Fences is a 2003 American comedy-drama television film directed by Ernest Dickerson and written by Trey Ellis, based on the 1997 novel of the same name by his wife Erika Ellis. The film is about the stresses of prejudice on an upwardly mobile black family in 1970s Greenwich, Connecticut. Danny Glover plays the overworked, stressed husband and Whoopi Goldberg plays his steadfast wife. Good Fences was produced by Spike Lee's 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks. It premiered at the 2003 Sundance Film Festival, and aired on Showtime on February 2, 2003. Goldberg won an Image Award for her role. Cast Whoopie Goldberg as Mabel Spader Danny Glover as Tom Spader Mo'Nique as Ruth Crisp Ashley Archer as Stormy (age 13) Ryan Michelle Bathe as Stormy (age 17) Vincent McCurdy-Clark as Tommy-Two (age 12) Zachary Simmons Glover as Tommy-Two (age 17) Reception The New York Times reviewed the film\n\nThe frontal eye fields (FEF) are a region located in the frontal cortex, more specifically in Brodmann area 8 or BA8, of the primate brain. In humans, it can be more accurately said to lie in a region around the intersection of the middle frontal gyrus with the precentral gyrus, consisting of a frontal and parietal portion. The FEF is responsible for saccadic eye movements for the purpose of visual field perception and awareness, as well as for voluntary eye movement. The FEF communicates with extraocular muscles indirectly via the paramedian pontine reticular formation. Destruction of the FEF causes deviation of the eyes to the ipsilateral side. Function The cortical area called frontal eye field (FEF) plays an important role in the control of visual attention and eye movements. Electrical stimulation in the FEF elicits saccadic eye movements. The FEF have a topographic structure and represents saccade targets in retinotopic\n\nQuestion: What is Anoa'i family?", "output": "The Anoa'i family is a family of professional wrestlers originating from American Samoa."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Eryholme\u2013Richmond branch line was opened in 1846 by the York and Newcastle Railway Company. The original section of the line ran from between a point in between Darlington and Northallerton on what is now the East Coast Main Line and the terminus at Richmond railway station. History A proposal for the branch was first mooted in 1825 and in 1836, the idea of serving Swaledale was again raised when notifications were placed in the local newspapers for the Richmond and Cleveland Railway. The branch was formally opened on the 10 September 1846 and ran from what was known originally as Dalton Junction, with the NER renaming the junction Eryholme in 1901, despite Eryholme being further away from there than Dalton was. The railway was intended to progress further up the valley to Reeth with a view to moving quarried products out of the dale. The proposal even gained parliamentary\n\nYongin EverLine (or EverLine, Yongin Light Rail Transit) is a fully automated driverless people mover line in Yongin, Gyeonggi Province, Seoul Capital Area connecting Everland, South Korea's most popular theme park, to the Suin-Bundang Line of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, a system which it is arguably a part of. The system is identical to the AirTrain JFK people mover and airport rail link in New York City, using single-car Bombardier Advanced Rapid Transit vehicles controlled by Bombardier CITYFLO 650 automatic train control technology. Ground was broken for construction in November 2005. Starting in November 2009, the operating company conducted test runs of the trains. The opening was delayed several times but finally opened for service on April 26, 2013. A physical transfer to the (underground) Suin-Bundang line at Giheung Station opened on January 9, 2014 and a transfer discount to the line was introduced on September 20 of the same\n\nLeslie Nicholas Southall (born 28 January 1972), is an English former professional footballer, who was most recently first team coach at National League South side Dover Athletic. During his time in professional football Southall was a midfielder from 1991 to 2014 who competed in the top four tiers of English league football, notably in the Premier League for Bolton Wanderers. He has represented Hartlepool United, Grimsby Town, Gillingham, Norwich City and Nottingham Forest in the Football League as well as Dover Athletic and Whitstable Town in non-League football. Childhood and early career A former pupil of Coulby Newham Secondary School, he has used his second given name since childhood. He started his career as a left-winger, but has played in most positions, including goalkeeper. Southall was spotted playing Sunday football for Nunthorpe Boys and was offered a trial at Newcastle United. After realising he'd have little chance of breaking into\n\nQuestion: Tell me what EverLine is.", "output": "Yongin EverLine is a fully automated driverless  people mover line in Yongin, Gyeonggi Province, Seoul Capital Area connecting Everland, South Korea's most popular theme park, to the Suin-Bundang Line of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, a system which it is arguably a part of."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Penang Chinese High School (PCGHS) (; Malay: Sekolah Menengah Jenis Kebangsaan China Pulau Pinang) is a secondary school in Penang, Malaysia. Often referred to as \"B\u012bn hu\u00e1\" () among the local Chinese community in Penang. The school provides continuous education, ranging from pre-primary or kindergarten to pre-university studies. PCGHS is now an academy that is widely known across the globe. History 17 March 1919 Proposal by 4 prominent members of the Hokkien Community\u2014Mr. Tan Sin Chen, Mr. Lim Lu Tek, Mr. Khor Sen Lee and Mr. Cheah Seng Tin, to establish a school for Chinese girls. This fact still stands as the number of non-Chinese among its enrolment and alumni is next to none. The proposal was [unanimously approved and the Fukien Girls' School was established. Originally, the school was intended to be opened on 15 January 1920, but was delayed due to a number of problems among which were\n\nWigmore Abbey was an abbey of Canons Regular with a grange, from 1179 to 1530, situated about a mile (2 km) north of the village of Wigmore, Herefordshire, England: grid reference SO 410713. Only ruins of the abbey now remain and on Historic England's Heritage at Risk Register their condition is listed as 'very bad'. History of the abbey The founding of the abbey was contemplated by Ranulph de Mortimer in the reign of Henry I, but only brought to fruition by his son, Hugh de Mortimer, who had the abbey consecrated at Wigmore in 1179 in the parish of Leintwardine by Robert Foliot, the Bishop of Hereford. The construction of the abbey was also assisted by other local landowners, especially Brian de Brampton and his John, who contributed building materials from their woods and quarries. The abbey community had been some thirty years in moving through various sites in\n\nZiggy's was a live music venue and bar in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The venue in Baity Street closed after Thanksgiving in 2007. On August 5, 2011, Ziggy's reopened in Winston-Salem, in a 14,000 sq ft space on the corner of 8th and Trade St. in the Downtown Arts District. That venue closed down on February 21, 2016. It will reopen in 2022, where it will relocate to High Point. A former residence, Ziggy's became one of the premier club venues in the South. A wide variety of bands were hosted, with styles including Reggae, Rock, Blues, Hip Hop, and Country. Artists who have performed at Ziggy's include Thirty Seconds to Mars, Phish, Dave Matthews Band, The Black Crowes, Keller Williams, Slipknot, The Wailers, Andrew W.K., Perpetual Groove, Steel Pulse, Rusted Root, Jump Little Children, Ben Folds Five, Vertical Horizon, Hawthorne Heights, Emery, Anberlin, Mutemath, Insane Clown Posse, Twiztid, Lamb of\n\nQuestion: What's Penang Chinese Girls' High School?", "output": "Penang Chinese High School is a  secondary school in Penang, Malaysia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The arrondissement of Saint-Pierre is an arrondissement of France in the R\u00e9union department in the R\u00e9union region. It has 10 communes. Its population is 311,401 (2019), and its area is . Composition The communes of the arrondissement of Saint-Pierre, and their INSEE codes, are: Les Avirons (97401) Cilaos (97424) Entre-Deux (97403) L'\u00c9tang-Sal\u00e9 (97404) Petite-\u00cele (97405) Saint-Joseph (97412) Saint-Louis (97414) Saint-Philippe (97417) Saint-Pierre (97416) Le Tampon (97422) History The arrondissement of Saint-Pierre, containing 11 communes that were previously part of the arrondissement of Saint-Denis, was created in 1964. It lost four communes to the new arrondissement of Saint-Paul in 1969. In September 2006 it absorbed the two communes of Les Avirons and L'\u00c9tang-Sal\u00e9 from the arrondissement of Saint-Paul. As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France which came into effect in 2015, the borders of the cantons are no longer related to the borders of the arrondissements. The\n\nOsijek Airport (; ), commonly referred to as Klisa is the international airport of Osijek, Croatia. It is located 20 km east southeast of Osijek and is situated near the D2 state road, southwest of the village of Klisa. Facilities The terminal building, with an area of 1300 m2, provides flow from 200 to 400 passengers per hour, i.e., 100,000 to 150,000 passengers per year. As an additional passenger service, there is the possibility for contracting individual charter flights. The passenger terminal is equipped to handle domestic and international traffic; it features passport and custom controls, passenger and baggage check-in, exchange, information, a caf\u00e9-bar and restaurant as well as rent a car, taxi and car parking services. Cargo traffic Osijek Airport is primarily constructed for cargo traffic, due to Croatia's favorable geographic and transport position. One of the examples is that the airport's apron can handle large freighter aircraft such\n\nThe heat deflection temperature or heat distortion temperature (HDT, HDTUL, or DTUL) is the temperature at which a polymer or plastic sample deforms under a specified load. This property of a given plastic material is applied in many aspects of product design, engineering and manufacture of products using thermoplastic components. Determination The heat distortion temperature is determined by the following test procedure outlined in ASTM D648. The test specimen is loaded in three-point bending in the edgewise direction. The outer fiber stress used for testing is either 0.455 MPa or 1.82 MPa, and the temperature is increased at 2 \u00b0C/min until the specimen deflects 0.25 mm. This is similar to the test procedure defined in the ISO 75 standard. Limitations that are associated with the determination of the HDT is that the sample is not thermally isotropic and, in thick samples in particular, will contain a temperature gradient. The HDT\n\nQuestion: What is Heat deflection temperature?", "output": "The heat deflection temperature or heat distortion temperature is the temperature at which a polymer or plastic sample deforms under a specified load."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "David Anthony Wevill (born 1935) is a Japanese-born Canadian poet and translator. He became a dual citizen (American and Canadian) in 1994. Wevill is a professor emeritus in the Department of English at The University of Texas at Austin. Wevill was born in Japan and went to Canada before the outbreak of World War II. He read History and English at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and became a noted member of an underground literary movement in London known as The Group. Wevill first made a name for himself as a poet when he was included in Al Alvarez's anthology The New Poetry (Penguin, 1962), aimed at resisting the conservative milieu of mainstream British poetry. In 1963 Wevill was showcased in A Group Anthology (Oxford University Press). Wevill is also the former editor of Delos, a literary journal centered on poetry in translation and the poetics of translation. He was\n\nGokul is a town in the Mathura district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located south-east of Mathura. According to Bhagavata Purana, Krishna spent his childhood in Gokul. Geography The town has an average elevation of . Transportation Gokul is conveniently located ten kilometers from Mathura, a well-known Hindu pilgrimage site. The pilgrimage site is well connected to every significant Indian city by air, train, and road. Road Gokul has excellent road connections, making it simple to travel here by car. Numerous buses are run by the Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation to and from Mathura and Gokul. Additionally, the town has a decent network of state and federal highways that pass close to Gokul, including the Yamuna Expressway and Taj Expressway. Rail Mathura, which is 7 km from the town, has the closest railway station. From the train station, you can reserve a cab to\n\nThe Batman/Tarzan Adventure Hour is a Filmation series that ran on CBS during the 1977\u20131978 television season. It consisted of the second season of Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle (six new episodes combined with reruns from the first season), and reruns of The New Adventures of Batman aired together. For the 1978\u20131980 seasons, the series was re-titled Tarzan and the Super 7 and expanded to ninety-minutes with additional content. For the 1980\u20131982 seasons, reruns of the Batman and the Super 7 episodes moved to NBC and Tarzan joined The Tarzan/Lone Ranger Adventure Hour. Voice cast Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle (1977) Robert Ridgely as Tarzan The New Adventures of Batman (1977) Adam West as Batman / Bruce Wayne Burt Ward as Robin / Dick Grayson Melendy Britt as Batgirl / Barbara Gordon, Catwoman / Selina Kyle Lou Scheimer as Bat-Mite, Batcomputer Lennie Weinrib as Commissioner Gordon, Joker, Penguin, Mr. Freeze,\n\nQuestion: Tell me about David Wevill.", "output": "David Anthony Wevill is a Japanese-born Canadian poet and translator."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Northern Trust Corporation is an American financial services company headquartered in Chicago, Illinois that caters to corporations, institutional investors, and ultra high net worth individuals. Northern Trust is one of the largest banking institutions in the United States and one of the oldest banks in continuous operation. As of June 30, 2022, it had $1.7 trillion in assets under management and $17 trillion in assets under custody. Northern Trust Corporation is incorporated in Delaware. The company has offices in 20 US states and locations across 23 countries in Canada, Europe, the Middle East, and the Asia-Pacific region. It is ranked 486th on the Fortune 1000 as of February 2019. Current operations Asset servicing Asset Servicing is a global provider of custodian bank, fund administration, investment operations outsourcing, investment management, investment risk and analytical services, employee benefits services, securities lending, foreign exchange market, treasury management, brokerage firm services, transition management services,\n\nClipperton Island ( ; ), also known as Clipperton Atoll and previously referred to as Clipperton's Rock, is an uninhabited French coral atoll in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The only French territory in the North Pacific, Clipperton is from Paris, France; from Papeete, Tahiti; and from Acapulco, Mexico. Clipperton was documented by French merchant-explorers in 1711 and formally claimed as part of the French protectorate of Tahiti in 1858. Despite this, American guano miners began working the island in the early 1890s. As interest in the island grew, Mexico asserted a claim to the island based upon Spanish records from the 1520s that may have identified the island. Mexico established a small military colony on the island in 1905, but during the Mexican Revolution contact with the mainland became infrequent, most of the colonists died, and lighthouse keeper Victoriano \u00c1lvarez instituted a short, brutal reign as \"king\" of the island.\n\nUnlike A Virgin is the second album of Slovenian band Silence, released on October 18, 1999. According to the band, it covers about eight years of work. Most of the songs were actually written at the very beginnings of Silence (92-94) and labeled \"too strange for publication\" at the time. It was awarded \"Album of the year\" in \"Orkus\", one of the most influential German alternative music magazines. It received top reviews by \"Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung\", \"Ragazzi\", \"Online.de\", \"Wrath\" and \"Zillo\" to mention a few. Track listing \"Son Of Sin\" \u2013 4:38 \"Drive\" \u2013 4:52 \"Scream, Greeneyes\" \u2013 4:12 \"Etwas\" \u2013 1:28 \"The Fifth Elephant\" \u2013 4:03 \"Barbara\" \u2013 4:27 \"God Forsaken Country\" \u2013 4:10 \"Heavy Straighter\" \u2013 4:36 \"Nevermind The Bastard\" \u2013 4:28 \"4-2\" \u2013 4:05 \"P.S.\" \u2013 5:49 \"Tschudno\" \u2013 3:55* * Unlisted bonus track. Personnel Silence is: Boris Benko Primo\u017e Hladnik All songs written by Boris Benko.\n\nQuestion: Define Clipperton Island.", "output": "Clipperton Island, also known as Clipperton Atoll and previously referred to as Clipperton's Rock, is an  uninhabited French coral atoll in the eastern Pacific Ocean."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bruno Wilhelm Augenstein (March 16, 1923 \u2013 July 6, 2005) was a German-born American mathematician and physicist who made important contributions in space technology, ballistic missile research, satellites, antimatter, and many other areas. Career Augenstein worked in the Aerophysics Laboratory at North American Aviation on diverse projects including weaponization of the V-2 rocket, a ramjet-powered vehicle that later became the Navajo missile. He entered RAND Corporation as a consultant and subcontractor in 1949. Initially at RAND he developed an interest in long range missiles. Augenstein headed a team that examined research on lighter, smaller warheads, re-entry speeds, mathematical models of bomb destruction, and other information from disparate sources. He laid out his analysis in the 1954 RAND memorandum \u201cA Revised Development Program for Ballistic Missiles of Intercontinental Range.\u201d This document outlined a program that would provide the United States with a new level of strategic power, and is widely regarded\n\nSeycove Secondary School is a Canadian high school in the Deep Cove neighbourhood of the District of North Vancouver, British Columbia. Located just east of Dollarton Highway, the school has a student population of approximately 500 students in grades 8 through 12. Seycove is part of the SD44 program called a family of schools (FOS). Seycove acts as the family school for the Elementary schools considered the feeder schools including Dorothy Lynas, Cove Cliff, and Sherwood Park. Athletics Seycove Secondary offers many sports ranging from golf to rugby. The teams include badminton, gymnastics, basketball, soccer, volleyball, mountain biking, swimming, cross country, skiing and snowboarding, rowing, golf, tennis, field hockey, track and field, and rugby. The ski and snowboard team has won the district championship two years in a row. The gymnastics team has qualified for provincials almost every year. The cross country team has won the AA division banner recently\n\nWCJB-TV (channel 20) is a television station in Gainesville, Florida, United States, affiliated with ABC and The CW Plus. Owned by Gray Television, the station maintains studios on Northwest 43rd Street in Gainesville, and its transmitter is located near Micanopy, Florida. History WCJB began broadcasting April 7, 1971, as an NBC affiliate owned by William E. \"Bill\" Minshall. Originally broadcasting an analog signal on UHF channel 20, its call sign bears the first initials of his family members: Casey (daughter), JoAnn (wife), and himself, Bill. In 1973, just two years after its first broadcast, the station switched its affiliation to ABC. In 1976, WCJB was sold to Diversified Communications. In 2001, it began airing its digital signal on UHF channel 16. WCJB was one of the ABC affiliates that aired Saving Private Ryan in 2004. On September 18, 2006, WCJB launched a new second digital subchannel to be the area's\n\nQuestion: Define Seycove Secondary School.", "output": "Seycove Secondary School is a Canadian high school in the Deep Cove neighbourhood of the District of North Vancouver, British Columbia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Catford Stadium was a historic greyhound racing stadium in Catford, a suburb of London. Origins Charles Benstead and Frank Sutton founded the stadium on Southern Railway land between two commuter lines in 1932. The entrance was on Adenmore Road, West of Doggett Road. Greyhound Racing Opening The inaugural meeting was held on Saturday 30 July 1932 and consisted of a seven card race of events comprising four or five runners. Mick the Miller was paraded around the track prior to the fourth race. The first racing manager was Lt. Col. A J Vernon and there were no fewer than eighty bookmakers. A kennel complex was constructed at Layham's Farm, Keston, near Biggin Hill and six trainers were appointed. The track was described as a tight 369 yard circumference circuit and the hare was an 'Outside Breco Silent' before being switched to a more conventional 'Outside McKee'. Buses originally dropped patrons\n\nNoli (; ) is a coast comune of Liguria, Italy, in the Province of Savona, it is about southwest of Genoa by rail, about above sea-level. The origin of the name may come from Neapolis, meaning \"new city\" in Greek. It is a member of the I Borghi pi\u00f9 belli d'Italia (\"The most beautiful villages of Italy\") association. From 1192 to 1797 Noli was one of the maritime republics, the Republic of Noli. Geography The bounding communes of Noli are Finale Ligure, Spotorno and Vezzi Portio. History The name Noli, testified in the form Naboli in the oldest documents (between 1004 and 1005), certainly derives from a form of which means \"new city\" in Byzantine Greek (same etymology as for Naples). The Republic of Noli was an independent republic from 1193 until 1797. In 1239 it became seat of a bishop; later on the diocese was united with that of\n\nAlma is a former village in the parish of Alma, Albert County, New Brunswick, Canada. It held village status prior to 2023, when it became part of the new village of Fundy Albert. Alma is centered on the small delta of the Upper Salmon River and Cleveland Brook, where they empty into Salisbury Bay. The headquarters of Fundy National Park is in Alma West, making tourism a major part of the local economy. Fishing, of lobster and scallops, is another primary economic activity. History The settlement, known as Salmon River Settlement, began in earnest as the lumbering trade took root with the exchange of land-grant title, and construction of a sawmill on the Upper Salmon River by its new owners. Prior to this, Loyalist John Coffin, who held the land grant, caused frustration for would-be settlers because of his absence. Thus began the most vibrant period in the community's history.\n\nQuestion: Define Noli.", "output": "Noli is a coast comune of Liguria, Italy, in the Province of Savona, it is about  southwest of Genoa by rail, about  above sea-level."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Anastasia \"Nastia\" Valeryevna Liukin (; ; born October 30, 1989) is a Russian-born American former artistic gymnast. She is the 2008 Olympic all-around champion, a five-time Olympic medalist, the 2005 and 2007 World champion on the balance beam, and the 2005 World champion on the uneven bars. She is also a four-time all-around U.S. national champion, winning twice as a junior and twice as a senior. With nine World Championships medals, seven of them individual, Liukin is tied with Shannon Miller for the third-highest tally of World Championship medals among U.S. gymnasts. Liukin also tied Miller's record (later equaled by Simone Biles) as the American gymnast having won the most medals in a single non-boycotted Olympic Games. In October 2011, Liukin announced that she was returning to gymnastics with the hopes of making a second Olympic team. Liukin did not make the 2012 Olympic team and retired from the sport\n\nChang Tai-shan (; Amis name Ati Masaw; born 31 October 1976 in Taitung, Taiwan), is a Taiwanese former professional baseball player. Career He originally drafted by the Wei Chuan Dragons in 1996, he has played for the Sinon Bulls and Uni-President Lions of the Chinese Professional Baseball League. A well-known slugger, Chang has been a frequent member of the Chinese Taipei national baseball team since 1998 and holds the record of hitting the most home runs in CPBL history with 289. He also holds the career record for hits with 2,134. He was missing from the Olympic Games as because he tested positive for a banned substance. Chang denies taking any banned drugs and thinks it may be because of medication he took. As a result of the test he may be banned for 3 years. He was traded from Sinon Bulls to Uni-Lions for cash considerations of NT$2.5 Million\n\nBest of the West is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from September 1981 through August 1982. Synopsis The Old West spoof featured the misadventures of Sam Best (Joel Higgins), a Civil War veteran who becomes a marshal in Copper Creek after accidentally scaring off an incompetent gunfighter called the Calico Kid (Christopher Lloyd). Sam's family was made up of his Southern-belle wife Elvira (Carlene Watkins) and his smart-mouthed son Daniel (Meeno Peluce). The cast also included Leonard Frey as villain Parker Tillman, Tom Ewell as drunken town doctor Jerome Kullens, and Tracey Walter as Tillman's clueless but kind-hearted henchman, Frog Rothchild, Jr. Cast Joel Higgins as Sam Best Carlene Watkins as Elvira Best Tracey Walter as Frog Rothchild, Jr. Meeno Peluce as Daniel Best Tom Ewell as Jerome Kullens Leonard Frey as Parker Tillman Episodes Cancellation The series got off to a rough start, due to the pilot\n\nQuestion: Who is Nastia Liukin", "output": "Anastasia \"Nastia\" Valeryevna Liukin is a Russian-born American former artistic gymnast."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Melenci (; ) is a village located in the Zrenjanin municipality, in the Central Banat District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Serb ethnic majority (93.40%) and its population numbering 6,737 people (2002 census). The brackish water lake of Okanj is nearby. Name In Serbian the village is known as Melenci or \u041c\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438, in Hungarian as Melence, and in German as Melenze. Historical population 1961: 8,254 1971: 8,008 1981: 7,685 1991: 7,270 2002: 6,737 2011: 5,956 Sports FK Rusanda Melenci is the local football club. It was founded in 1925. Trivia Rusanda Spa is located on the territory of Melenci. There is an abandoned Windmill at the road to Kikinda. It is one of the last two windmills left in Banat. See also List of places in Serbia List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina References External links Official Facebook\n\nClub de F\u00fatbol Badalona () is a Spanish football team based in Badalona, in the autonomous community of Catalonia. Founded in 1903 it plays in , temporarily holding home games at Estadi Municipal de Badalona, with a capacity of 4,170 seats. Badalona acts as the reserve team of CF Badalona Futur since 2022. History Badalona was founded in 1903 as Football B\u00e9tulo Club, being renamed FC Badalona five years later. It played 14 seasons in the second division (1934\u201336, 1939\u201341, 1947\u201352, 1963\u201368), but this was prior to the creation of the intermediate Segunda Divisi\u00f3n B. As the club was constantly in economical problems, having to battle for the people's preference with basketball side Joventut Badalona, it nearly disappeared in the early 2000s (as the side was on the verge of celebrating 100 years) but, after another merge, this time with Uni\u00f3 de l'Esport Badalon\u00ed, resurfaced and changed names to Club\n\nLeonardo Nicol\u00e1s Pisculichi (; born 18 January 1984) is an Argentine retired footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. He won the Copa Sudamericana in 2014 and Copa Libertadores in 2015 with River Plate. Club career Pisculichi started his career with Argentinos Juniors, making his first division debut on 20 February 2002, against Talleres de C\u00f3rdoba. He was transferred to Spain's RCD Mallorca on 4 January 2006. On 30 November 2006, he was transferred to Al-Arabi Sports Club in Doha, Qatar, for \u20ac3.9 million, with the move being made effective in January of the following year. In July 2012, Pisculichi transferred to the Chinese Super League side Shandong Luneng Taishan. In 2014, he joined the Argentine powerhouse River Plate. While at River Plate, he won the 2014 Copa Sudamericana against Atletico Nacional. He left River in December 2016 and signed for Brazilian side Esporte Clube Vit\u00f3ria in January 2017. Return\n\nQuestion: Define CF Badalona.", "output": "Club de F\u00fatbol Badalona is a Spanish football team based in Badalona, in the autonomous community of Catalonia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A mess of pottage is something immediately attractive but of little value taken foolishly and carelessly in exchange for something more distant and perhaps less tangible but immensely more valuable. The phrase alludes to Esau's sale of his birthright for a meal (\"mess\") of lentil stew (\"pottage\") in and connotes shortsightedness and misplaced priorities. The mess of pottage motif is a common theme in art, appearing for example in Mattia Bortoloni's Esau selling his birthright (1716) and Mattias Stomer's painting of the same title (c. 1640). Biblical usage Although this phrase is often used to describe or allude to Esau's bargain, the phrase itself does not appear in the text of any English version of Genesis. Its first attested use, already associated with Esau's bargain, is in the English summary of one of John Capgrave's sermons, c. 1452, \"[Jacob] supplanted his bro\u00feir, bying his fader blessing for a mese of\n\nAdobe ( ; ) is a building material made from earth and organic materials. is Spanish for mudbrick. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of earthen construction, or various architectural styles like Pueblo Revival or Territorial Revival. Most adobe buildings are similar in appearance to cob and rammed earth buildings. Adobe is among the earliest building materials, and is used throughout the world. Adobe architecture has been dated to before 5,100 B.C. Description Adobe bricks are rectangular prisms small enough that they can quickly air dry individually without cracking. They can be subsequently assembled, with the application of adobe mud to bond the individual bricks into a structure. There is no standard size, with substantial variations over the years and in different regions. In some areas a popular size measured weighing about ; in\n\nUzdin (Serbian Cyrillic: \u0423\u0437\u0434\u0438\u043d, Romanian: Uzd\u00e2ni) is a village located in the Kova\u010dica municipality, in the South Banat District of Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. The village has a Romanian ethnic majority (76.42%) and its population is 2,029 (2011 census) spread over 71,36 km\u00b2 of land. At the turn of the 20th century, its population was approximately 7000. The dramatic decrease is consistent with the decrease of the Romanian population throughout Vojvodina, reflecting emigration, low natality . The village loses about each year 2,2% of its inhabitants. Uzdin is famous as a center for the cultural activities of Romanians in Serbia, including naive painting, the Table Tenis Club \"Unirea\", the publication of the newspaper Tibiscus and other literature as well as the nurturing of Romanian folk music and dance and the hosting of music festivals. Romanian Orthodoxy is the most prevalent form of religion in\n\nQuestion: Define Adobe.", "output": "Adobe is a building material made from earth and organic materials."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The breast is one of two prominences located on the upper ventral region of a primate's torso. Both females and males develop breasts from the same embryological tissues. In females, it serves as the mammary gland, which produces and secretes milk to feed infants. Subcutaneous fat covers and envelops a network of ducts that converge on the nipple, and these tissues give the breast its size and shape. At the ends of the ducts are lobules, or clusters of alveoli, where milk is produced and stored in response to hormonal signals. During pregnancy, the breast responds to a complex interaction of hormones, including estrogens, progesterone, and prolactin, that mediate the completion of its development, namely lobuloalveolar maturation, in preparation of lactation and breastfeeding. Humans are the only animals with permanent breasts. At puberty, estrogens, in conjunction with growth hormone, cause permanent breast growth in female humans. This happens only to\n\nChildren Shouldn't Play with Dead Things (also known as Revenge of the Living Dead, Things from the Dead, and Zreaks) is a 1972 comedy horror film directed by Bob Clark. It later became a cult classic. This low-budget zombie film is the third film of director Bob Clark, who later became famous for directing the films Black Christmas, A Christmas Story, and Porky's. The film was shot in 14 days on a budget of $50,000. Clark employed some of his college friends on it. In the film, a sadistic theatre director uses a necromantic ritual in an attempt to resurrect the dead in an island cemetery. The attempt backfires, as it creates aggressive zombies which attack the director and his theatrical troupe. Plot The story focuses on a theatre troupe who travel by boat to a small island off the coast of Miami that is mainly used as a cemetery\n\nMartin Ohm (May 6, 1792 in Erlangen \u2013 April 1, 1872 in Berlin) was a German mathematician and a younger brother of physicist Georg Ohm. Biography He earned his doctorate in 1811 at Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nuremberg where his advisor was Karl Christian von Langsdorf. In 1817, he was appointed professor of mathematics and physics in the gymnasium at Thorn. In 1821 he moved to Berlin, and in 1839 became a full professor in the University of Berlin. He delivered courses of lectures at the academy of architecture from 1824 to 1831, and at the schools of artillery and engineering from 1833 to 1852; and he also taught in the military school from 1826 to 1849. Work Ohm was the first to fully develop the theory of the exponential ab when both a and b are complex numbers in 1823. The 1835 second edition of Ohm's textbook, Die reine Elementar Mathematik was\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Martin Ohm is.", "output": "Martin Ohm was a German mathematician and a younger brother of physicist Georg Ohm."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Old Avery Oak Tree was a white oak tree that stood in Dedham, Massachusetts until it was knocked down in 1972. It had a circumference of over and stood on East Street near the Fairbanks House. It was named for Jonathan Avery, the owner of the tree, who had an estate that was bounded roughly by East Street, Mt. Vernon Street, Barrows Street, and Brookdale Avenue. The Avery family was one of the early settlers of Dedham, arriving in 1650. By the time the first settlers arrived in Dedham in 1635, the tree was already quite old. It was owned by the Dedham Historical Society after being donated by J.W. Clark in 1886. Clark, who owned the house where the tree was located, also donated a square of land around it extending seven and a half feet from three sides of it, and to East Street on the fourth.\n\nMike Felumlee, a native of Crystal Lake, Illinois (a suburb of Chicago), is chiefly known as the current drummer for the rock band The Smoking Popes. He is known to a lesser extent for his stint of several years as drummer in the band Alkaline Trio and for his solo music. The Smoking Popes Felumlee was the drummer on all of the Popes albums prior to the live album At Metro, released in 2006 in conjunction with a long-awaited reunion of the band. Reportedly, Felumlee discussed with Popes frontman Josh Caterer rejoining the band for its reunion but declined, due to personal relations between himself and the Popes having become a little tense. He rejoined The Smoking Popes in April 2015, replacing Neil Hennessy who was relocating. Elsewhere After the Smoking Popes split in 1999, Felumlee joined Alkaline Trio. He was the drummer on the album From Here To Infirmary.\n\nKarimabad (), formerly known as Baltit, is the capital of the Hunza District in the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan. Etymology Karimabad was named in honour of Karim Aga Khan, the current spiritual leader of the Shia Ismaili Nizari community. However, it's worth noting that many locals still refer to Karimabad by its older name, Baltit. Geography Karimabad town is situated on the western bank of the Hunza River, nestled in the northern areas of Pakistan. It is located within a valley at an elevation of 8,200 feet (2,500 meters) above sea level. The town is characterized by its construction on stone-walled and steep-sloping terraces. Historically, Karimabad served as a caravan stop for travelers journeying through the Hindu Kush mountains en route to the Vale of Kashmir. This town is set against the backdrop of snow-clad mountain peaks like Rakaposhi, which stands at an altitude of approximately 25,000 feet (7,600 meters),\n\nQuestion: What's Avery Oak?", "output": "The Old Avery Oak Tree was a white oak tree that stood in Dedham, Massachusetts until it was knocked down in 1972."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Silas Francis Marean Chatard (December 13, 1834 \u2013 September 7, 1918) was a Catholic Bishop of Indianapolis in the United States. Life He was born Silas Francis Marean Chatard in Baltimore, Maryland, on December 13, 1834, to Ferdinand E. Chatard and Eliza Marean. Both his father, Ferdinand, and his paternal grandfather, Pierre, an emigrant from Santo Domingo, West Indies, were physicians in Baltimore. His paternal grandmother, Eliza Anna Chatard, was a financial supporter of the Oblate Sisters of Providence. Raised in a prominent family, he attended Mount Saint Mary's College in Emmitsburg (now Mount Saint Mary's University), and the Maryland University School of Medicine, receiving a doctorate in medicine. He served his residency at the Baltimore Alms House. Soon afterward, he felt the call to priesthood and in 1857 began studying at the Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide in Rome. He was ordained on June 14, 1862, and received\n\nNed Dixon \"Dickie\" Hemric (August 29, 1933 \u2013 August 3, 2017) was an American collegiate and professional basketball player for Wake Forest University (1952\u20131955) and the NBA's Boston Celtics (1955\u20131957). Hemric played the first two college years at Wake Forest when the school was a member of the Southern Conference. The Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) Male Athlete of the Year was created at the start of the 1954 season, and he played his last two seasons in the ACC, setting conference records for scoring and rebounding that were untouched for the first 50 years of the conference's existence. He was honored as the second recipient of the ACC Athlete of the Year in 1955. In 2002 Hemric was selected to the ACC 50th Anniversary men's basketball team, honoring the 50 greatest players in ACC history. Hemric's ACC scoring record of 2,587 points was untouched from 1956 until it was finally\n\nRubin's vase (sometimes known as the Rubin face or the figure\u2013ground vase) is a famous example of ambiguous or bi-stable (i.e., reversing) two-dimensional forms developed around 1915 by the Danish psychologist Edgar Rubin. The depicted version of Rubin's vase can be seen as the black profiles of two people looking towards each other or as a white vase, but not both. Another example of a bistable figure Rubin included in his Danish-language, two-volume book was the Maltese cross. Rubin presented in his doctoral thesis (1915) a detailed description of the visual figure-ground relationship, an outgrowth of the visual perception and memory work in the laboratory of his mentor, Georg Elias M\u00fcller. One element of Rubin's research may be summarized in the fundamental principle, \"When two fields have a common border, and one is seen as figure and the other as ground, the immediate perceptual experience is characterized by a shaping\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Silas Chatard is.", "output": "Silas Francis Marean Chatard was a Catholic Bishop of Indianapolis in the United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Federal Bank Limited is an Indian private sector bank headquartered in Aluva,Kochi, Kerala. The bank has 1,370 branches spread across different states in India. It also has representative offices abroad in Abu Dhabi, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, and Dubai. With a customer base of over 10 million, including 1.5 million NRI customers and a large network of remittance partners around the world, Federal Bank handled more than 15% of India's total inward remittances of billion in 2018. The bank has remittance arrangements with more than 110 Banks/Exchange Companies around the world. The bank is also listed in the Bombay Stock Exchange, National Stock Exchange of India and London Stock Exchange and has a branch in India's first International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) at the GIFT City. History The Federal Bank Limited (the erstwhile Travancore Federal Bank Limited) was incorporated with an authorized capital of at Nedumpuram, a place near Thiruvalla in\n\nOsmani Urrutia Ram\u00edrez (also spelled Osmany) (born June 29, 1976 in Jobabo, Las Tunas Province, Cuba) is a Cuban baseball player. He plays right field for the Las Tunas Magos of the Cuban National Series and for the Cuba national baseball team. Career in Cuba Playing for Las Tunas, Urrutia hit over .400 in the Cuban National Series for three straight years, beginning in 2000 (.431 in 2000-2001, .408 in 2001-2002 and .421 in 2002-2003). International experience Urrutia, who is 1.78m (5'10\") and 104 kg (229 pounds), has competed in many international tournaments for Cuba, including: 2001 World Championship (Taiwan) 2000 and 2001 World Cup of Baseball in the Netherlands 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic 2003 World Cup of Baseball (Cuba) 2004 Athens Olympics 2006 World Baseball Classic During the 2005 World Cup of Baseball, Urrutia hit for a .387 average with five runs batted in\n\nCastle Park (sometimes referred to as Castle Green) is a public open space in Bristol, England, managed by Bristol City Council. It is bounded by the Floating Harbour and Castle Street to the south, Lower Castle Street to the east, and Broad Weir, Newgate and Wine Street to the north. Its western boundary is less obviously defined and has been the subject of controversy, perhaps because the area around High Street and St Mary le Port Church, though not part of the park and always intended for development, is often considered at the same time as the park. Opened on 30 September 1978, the park occupies the site of what was once Bristol's main shopping district. The area was largely destroyed by the Luftwaffe during the Blitz, and that which remained was subsequently demolished by 1969, the last demolitions being the Bear & Ragged Staff and the Cat and Wheel\n\nQuestion: Who was Osmani Urrutia?", "output": "Osmani Urrutia Ram\u00edrez is a Cuban baseball player."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Suzanne Collins (born August 10, 1962) is an American author and television writer. She is best known as the author of the young adult dystopian book series The Hunger Games. Early life Suzanne Collins was born on August 10, 1962, in Hartford, Connecticut, to Jane Brady Collins (born 1931) and Lieutenant Colonel Michael John Collins (1931\u20132003), a U.S. Air Force officer who served in the Korean and the Vietnam War. She is the youngest of four children, who include Kathryn (born 1957), Andrew (born 1958), and Joan (born 1960). As the daughter of a military officer, she and her family were constantly moving. She spent her childhood in the eastern United States. Collins graduated from the Alabama School of Fine Arts in Birmingham in 1980 as a Theater Arts major. She completed her Bachelor of Arts degree from Indiana University Bloomington in 1985 with a double major in theater and\n\n\"Cytotrophoblast\" is the name given to both the inner layer of the trophoblast (also called layer of Langhans) or the cells that live there. It is interior to the syncytiotrophoblast and external to the wall of the blastocyst in a developing embryo. The cytotrophoblast is considered to be the trophoblastic stem cell because the layer surrounding the blastocyst remains while daughter cells differentiate and proliferate to function in multiple roles. There are two lineages that cytotrophoblastic cells may differentiate through: fusion and invasive. The fusion lineage yields syncytiotrophoblast and the invasive lineage yields interstitial cytotrophoblast cells. Cytotrophoblastic cells play an important role in the implantation of an embryo in the uterus. Fusion lineage The formation of all syncytiotrophoblast is from the fusion of two or more cytotrophoblasts via this fusion pathway. This pathway is important because the syncytiotrophoblast plays an important role in fetal-maternal gas exchange, nutrient exchange, and immunological\n\nNicholas Castle is an American screenwriter, film director, and actor. He is known for playing Michael Myers in John Carpenter's horror film Halloween (1978). He reprised the role in Halloween (2018), and its sequels Halloween Kills (2021) and Halloween Ends (2022). Castle also co-wrote Escape from New York (1981) with Carpenter. After Halloween, Castle became a director, taking the helm of films such as The Last Starfighter (1984), The Boy Who Could Fly (1986), Dennis the Menace (1993), and Major Payne (1995). Career Castle's film credits include Dark Star where he played the beach ball alien, Major Payne, Dennis the Menace, The Last Starfighter, and Connors' War as a director. He wrote the screenplays for the films Escape from New York and Hook. He was the writer and director of the film Tap. In 1978, he played the iconic starring role of Michael Myers in the classic horror film Halloween,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Cytotrophoblast is.", "output": "\"Cytotrophoblast\" is the name given to both the inner layer of the trophoblast or the cells that live there."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Chinquapin Preparatory School is a nonprofit private college-preparatory school, grades six through twelve, which serves low-income youth, particularly minorities from the Greater Houston area. The school, accredited by the Texas Alliance of Accredited Private Schools, is located in Highlands in unincorporated Harris County, Texas, USA, near Baytown. Chinquapin Prep, along with Cristo Rey Jesuit College Preparatory of Houston and Yellowstone Schools (Yellowstone Academy), is one of the few Greater Houston private schools that caters to low income students. History The Chinquapin School was founded by Robert P. Moore \u2014 formerly head of the English Department at St. John's School in Houston and his wife Maxine. Incorporated in March 1969 as a school for boys, it was funded with a grant from The Brown Foundation of Houston. The Chinquapin School changed its name to Chinquapin Preparatory School in 2010. The school's motto is Quid pro Quo (). Admissions In 2006 the\n\nYves Claude Vinh-San, also Prince Nguyen Phuc B\u1ea3o V\u00e0ng, (April 8, 1934 \u2013 July 13, 2016), was a jazz musician and a son of Vietnamese Emperor Duy T\u00e2n and Fernande Antier - a French born-woman who was Duy Tan's third wife. He published a jazz album entitled Claude Vinh San et le jazz tropical. He was born in Saint-Denis, R\u00e9union Island. Reburial of Duy Tan In 1987, Vinh-San escorted the remains of his father Emperor Duy T\u00e2n with other members of the royal family to Vietnam in a traditional ceremony to rest in the tomb of his grandfather, Emperor D\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ee9c. Author Vinh-San wrote two books, Duy T\u00e2n, Empereur d'Annam 1900-1945 (2001) and Hommage au prince Vinh San et \u00e0 l'Empereur Duy Tan : au commandement de Forces fran\u00e7aises libres (2012). References External links Duy Tan, Emperor of Annam 1900-1945 Claude Vinh-San plays the accordion 1934 births 2016 deaths People\n\nSuva Reka () or Suhareka (Albanian \u2013 also known as Suharek\u00eb and Therand\u00eb) is a town and municipality located in the Prizren district of central-southern Kosovo. According to the 2011 census, the town has 10,422 inhabitants, while the municipality has 59,722 inhabitants. Suva Reka is located from the city of Prizren, and from Kosovo's capital, Pristina. Name Suva Reka means \"dry river\" in Serbian. The Albanian spellings are Suharek\u00eb or Suhareka (derived from the Slavic form), while an alternative name was recently created by the Albanological Institute, Therand\u00eb, adopted from an unlocated ancient site (possibly in Suhareka or Lubizhda in the Mirusha valley). History Historical background The municipality includes several medieval Serbian sites and old settlements, such as the villages of Banja, Suva Reka, Dulje, Mu\u0161uti\u0161te, Popovljane, Re\u010dane, Suva Reka, and churches of Virgin Hodegetria, St. George, Holy Trinity, St. Nicholas, among others. The settlement of Theranda itself was first\n\nQuestion: What's Chinquapin Preparatory School?", "output": "Chinquapin Preparatory School is a nonprofit private college-preparatory school, grades six through twelve, which serves low-income youth, particularly minorities from the Greater Houston area."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Headseed is the second studio release from the jam band Moe, released on their own label, Fatboy Records. This was the first album to feature Jim Loughlin, and the only one on which he is the drummer. A re-recording of \"St. Augustine\" would also appear on the band's 1996 major label debut, No Doy, while the version of \"Yodelittle\" heard here is a re-recording of a song from Fatboy, the band's 1992 debut. The majority of the songs on this album became standards of the band's live-set rotation and have seen frequent performances throughout the band's career. In 1995, Moe unveiled a \"rock opera\" centered around the song, \"Timmy Tucker\". The opera features several exclusive pieces of music and narration as well as songs such as \"Queen Of The Rodeo\" and \"Jazz Wank\", which became well known in future stand-alone performances. Timmy has been performed in full on three known\n\nThe Angleterre Hotel () is a modern, luxury business-class hotel on Voznesensky Prospekt at Saint Isaac's Square in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The hotel opened in 1991, replicating a historic hotel originally opened in 1840 and reconstructed in 1876. The hotel has 192 rooms, including five suites. History The first hotel on the site was established by Napoleon Bokin in 1840, a three-story structure known as Napoleon's. From 1845\u20131846, the structure was expanded by architect Adrian Ruben with the addition of a fourth floor and converted to S. Poggenpol's apartment house. In 1876 it was again rebuilt and converted back to a hotel, named the Hotel Schmidt-Angleterre, with the former for its proprietor, Teresa Schmidt and the latter meaning 'England' in French. Leo Tolstoy was a frequent guest. The hotel was again reconstructed from 1911\u20131912, at which point it became the Hotel d'Angleterre. At this point, the hotel had 75 rooms\n\nCentro Desportivo Ol\u00edmpico - Est\u00e1dio () is a multi-purpose stadium in Taipa, Macau, China. It was formerly named Est\u00e1dio Campo Desportivo () before the reconstruction of the stadium had been completed. The Olympic Sports Center is the largest sporting complex in Macau. It is more often known as the Macau Olympic Complex Stadium since it is the largest facility of the complex. The complex comprises a stadium - a grass pitch (105 x 68 m) surrounded by an 8-lane athletic track and a long jump area, a 900-seated indoor stadium, a hockey centre, a practicing track and several tennis courts. In general, it is used mostly for football matches and athletics. 2005 reconstruction The stadium has been under major overhaul including the reconstruction of the East and West Stand in order to increase its capacity for the 2005 East Asian Games. Prior to reconstruction the West Stand was the only\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Angleterre Hotel is.", "output": "The Angleterre Hotel is a modern, luxury business-class hotel on Voznesensky Prospekt at Saint Isaac's Square in Saint Petersburg, Russia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Never Mind the Full Stops is a British television panel game based on the English language, its idiosyncrasies, and its misuse. It is hosted by the British actor, author and Oscar-winning screenwriter, Julian Fellowes. Each episode lasts 30 minutes. The series was filmed in March 2006 at Channel 4's studios in Horseferry Road, Westminster. It was originally broadcast on BBC Four, and aired on BBC Two from 9 October 2006. Two teams of two people are faced with various questions and challenges concerning English grammar, spelling and usage. The show is divided into rounds, with themes such as identifying the famous author of a badly spoken sentence (John Prescott was one of those picked on in the first episode) and correcting the punctuation in a written sentence. There is also a quick-fire round with questions such as \"What is a malapropism?\" Points are awarded throughout the show to determine the\n\nEczema herpeticum is a rare but severe disseminated infection that generally occurs at sites of skin damage produced by, for example, atopic dermatitis, burns, long-term usage of topical steroids or eczema. It is also known as Kaposi varicelliform eruption, Pustulosis varioliformis acute and Kaposi-Juliusberg dermatitis. Some sources reserve the term \"eczema herpeticum\" when the cause is due to human herpes simplex virus, and the term \"Kaposi varicelliform eruption\" to describe the general presentation without specifying the virus. This condition is most commonly caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2, but may also be caused by coxsackievirus A16, or vaccinia virus. It appears as numerous umbilicated vesicles superimposed on healing atopic dermatitis. it is often accompanied by fever and lymphadenopathy. Eczema herpeticum can be life-threatening in babies. Presentation In addition to the skin, this infection affects multiple organs, including the eyes, brain, lung, and liver, and can be fatal.\n\nIntestinal pseudo-obstruction (IPO) is a clinical syndrome caused by severe impairment in the ability of the intestines to push food through. It is characterized by the signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction without any lesion in the intestinal lumen. Clinical features mimic those seen with mechanical intestinal obstructions and can include abdominal pain, nausea, abdominal distension, vomiting, dysphagia and constipation depending upon the part of the gastrointestinal tract involved. It is a difficult condition to diagnose, requiring exclusion of any other mechanical cause of obstruction. Many patients are diagnosed late in the course of disease after additional symptoms are seen. Mortality is also difficult to accurately determine. One retrospective study estimated mortality to be between 10 and 25% for chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) and to vary greatly depending on the etiology of the condition. When present for less than six months, it is diagnosed as acute IPO or Ogilvie syndrome.\n\nQuestion: What is Eczema herpeticum", "output": "Eczema herpeticum is a rare but severe disseminated infection that generally occurs at sites of skin damage produced by, for example, atopic dermatitis, burns, long-term usage of topical steroids or eczema."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tevul Yom is a tractate in the Mishnah and Tosefta; in most editions of the Mishnah it is tenth in the order Tohorot. According to et seq., one who takes the prescribed ritual immersion still remains impure until sunset. The degree of impurity in such a case is slight, and according to rabbinical interpretation neither the \"\u1e25allah\" nor sanctified flesh is rendered unclean by being touched by such a person, even before sunset; it is merely rendered unfit (pasul). Profane or unsanctified things may be touched by him without consequence. This tractate precisely defines the degree of impurity attaching to such a person, and stipulates also how far the purity of anything is affected by his touch. Contents In the Mishnah, the tractate comprises four chapters, containing 26 paragraphs in all: Chapter 1: Laws concerning bread and other things which are of such a form that if a tevul yom\n\nZanclodon (\"scythe tooth\") is an extinct genus of archosauriform from the Erfurt Formation in southern Germany. It was once a wastebasket taxon until a taxonomic revision by Schoch (2011) left only the paratype (SMNS 6045) within Zanclodon laevis proper. The type species is Z. laevis. Discovery and naming The paratype, SMNS 56045, a maxilla with teeth, was discovered in the Gaildorf Alumn Mine in southern Germany. Zanclodon was originally named Smilodon by Plieninger (1846), but this name had previously been used for the saber-toothed cat (a preoccupied name), prompting Plieninger to erect the replacement name Zanclodon in 1847. A paralectotype was also assigned to Z. laevis: SMNS 6045a, a loose germ tooth. Z. plieningeri was named by Fraas in 1896, but it became a junior synonym of Z. laevis shortly after publication as they are both based on the same specimen, SMNS 6045. Many species were previously lumped under the\n\nThe Burin Peninsula ( ) is a peninsula located on the south coast of the island of Newfoundland in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Marystown is the largest population centre on the peninsula. The Burin Peninsula extends to the southwest from the main island of Newfoundland, separating Fortune Bay to the west from Placentia Bay to the east. It measures approximately in length and between in width. It is connected by a wide isthmus between Terrenceville and Monkstown. It was originally named the Buria Peninsula by fishermen from the Basque region during the 16th century. The peninsula is also known as \"The Boot\" because of its shape. Economy For centuries, there were plentiful cod, other fish and crustaceans in the area. The seafood supplied a thriving fishing industry. The eventual collapse of the Atlantic northwest cod fishery led to local mass unemployment during the second half of the 1990s.\n\nQuestion: What is Tevul Yom?", "output": "Tevul Yom is a tractate in the Mishnah and Tosefta; in most editions of the Mishnah it is tenth in the order Tohorot."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Little Loyalsock Creek is the major tributary of Loyalsock Creek in Lycoming and Sullivan counties, Pennsylvania, United States. The creek is long. Via Loyalsock Creek and the West Branch Susquehanna River, it is part of the Susquehanna River drainage basin, and waters from it flow ultimately into the Chesapeake Bay. Course Little Loyalsock Creek has its source near the borough of Dushore in Sullivan County, then flows west-southwest to its confluence with Loyalsock Creek in the borough of Forksville. See also List of rivers of Pennsylvania References External links Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection 2001 Pennsylvania Gazetteer of Streams Lycoming County Watersheds Map History of Lycoming County Pennsylvania edited by John F. Meginness, \u00a91892 (copyright expired) Official Lycoming County Map showing all townships, villages, boroughs, cities, county roads, rivers, creeks, and some streams Tributaries of Loyalsock Creek Rivers of Pennsylvania Rivers of Lycoming County, Pennsylvania Rivers of Sullivan County, Pennsylvania\n\nMusicians' Village is a neighborhood located in the Upper Ninth Ward in New Orleans, Louisiana. Musicians Harry Connick, Jr. and Branford Marsalis teamed up with Habitat for Humanity International and New Orleans Area Habitat for Humanity to create the village for New Orleans musicians who lost their homes to Hurricane Katrina. Per February 2007, the Musicians' Village is \"the largest-scale, highest-profile, and biggest-budget rebuilding project to have gotten underway in New Orleans post-Katrina. Planning The idea of bringing music back to New Orleans was popular, and by September 2006 the entire area, including the Baptist Crossroads project, was known and referred to as Musicians Village. Construction Keys to the first three houses were given on June 1, 2006. New homeowners Fredy Omar con su Banda and Jerome Deleno \"J.D.\" Hill - with \"J.D. and the Jammers\" - played for the 300 or more people who had gathered for the dedication\n\nTolia \"Tony\" Solaita (January 15, 1947 \u2013 February 10, 1990) was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball. He played for the New York Yankees, Kansas City Royals, California Angels, Toronto Blue Jays and Montreal Expos between 1968 and 1979. He also played four seasons in Japan for the Nippon-Ham Fighters from 1980 to 1983. As of 2019, Solaita is still the only Major League Baseball player to have hailed from American Samoa. Mike Fetters, Benny Agbayani, Chris Aguila, Matt Tuiasosopo, Wes Littleton, and Sean Manaea are American-born major-leaguers of partial Samoan descent. Solaita was a prolific home run hitter in the minor leagues, hitting 49 regular-season home runs in 1968 for High Point-Thomasville, but was mostly relegated to a backup or platoon position during his Major League playing days. He was selected by the Royals from the Charleston Charlies in the Rule 5 draft on December 3, 1973.\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Musicians' Village is.", "output": "Musicians' Village is a neighborhood located in the Upper Ninth Ward in New Orleans, Louisiana."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Woman Chaser is a 1999 film directed by Robinson Devor and starring Patrick Warburton, Ron Morgan, Emily Newman, Paul Malevich, and Marilyn Rising. The screenplay is based on the novel of the same name by Charles Willeford. Plot Set in 1950s Los Angeles, Richard Hudson is a shrewd car dealer who moves from San Francisco and sets up a used-car dealership. Tiring of this job, he turns the lot over to an assistant Bill and starts writing his first film, The Man Who Got Away. It turns out to be an uncommercial picture, chronicling the story of a truck driver who goes berserk, runs over a little girl and dies fending off a platoon of police officers. In making his film, Richard enlists the help of his father-in-law, Leo, a washed-up former film director whose notable possession is a Rouault painting of a clown. Through Leo, Richard pitches his\n\nTelford Town Park is a park and Local Nature Reserve in Telford in Shropshire. In 2015, it was voted \"UK's Best Park\" in the inaugural public competition organised by Fields in Trust History The Anglo-Saxon period saw the first real changes made to the area later to become Telford Town Park. Early settlers cleared woodland to create land suitable for farming. These became the starting points for places like Dawley, Stirchley and Malinslee, the key catchment areas that surround Telford Town Park ('Ley' is an Anglo-Saxon word meaning a clearing in the wood). In the 13th century much of the land around Stirchley was given to the Cistercian monks of Buildwas Abbey. It was these monks who built the original Grange at Stirchley and farmed the surrounding land until the 1530s. The relatively peaceful scene of small farmsteads separated by hedges and woodlands continued until the dramatic changes brought about\n\nKirk Craig Saarloos (born May 23, 1979) is an American baseball coach and former pitcher, who is the current head baseball coach of the TCU Horned Frogs. He played college baseball at Cal State Fullerton for coach George Horton from 1999 to 2001 and played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for seven seasons from 2002 to 2008. The Houston Astros selected Saarloos in the third round of the 2001 Major League Baseball Draft. He played 7 years a pitcher in MLB, with Houston from 2002 to 2003, the Oakland Athletics 2004 to 2006, Cincinnati Reds in 2007 before returning to Oakland in 2008. High school and college Saarloos graduated from Valley Christian High School in Cerritos, California, where he was a three-sport (baseball, football and soccer) athlete. He attended California State University, Fullerton, where he established himself as one of the best closers in college baseball during his sophomore and\n\nQuestion: What is Telford Town Park?", "output": "Telford Town Park is a park and Local Nature Reserve in Telford in Shropshire."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rademacher is an occupational surname of German origin, which means \"wheelmaker\". It may refer to: People Arthur Rademacher (1889\u20131981), Australian football player Autumn Rademacher (born 1975), American basketball coach Bill Rademacher (1942\u20132018), American football player Debbie Rademacher (born 1966), American soccer player Erich Rademacher (1901\u20131979), German swimmer Franz Rademacher (1906\u20131973), German diplomat Hans Rademacher (1892\u20131969), German-born American mathematician Ingo Rademacher (born 1971), Australian actor Isaac Rademacher (born 1977), American soldier Joachim Rademacher (1906\u20131970), German water polo player Joseph Rademacher (bishop) (1840\u20131900), American bishop Joseph Rademacher (soldier) (born 1985), American soldier Mark Rademacher (1963\u20131983), American soldier Pete Rademacher (1928-2020), American boxer Rudolf Rademacher (1913\u20131953), German pilot Other uses House of Rademacher, German noble family Rademacher (band) Rademacher complexity, a statistical measure Rademacher distribution, a probability distribution in statistics Rademacher system, a statistical system of functions Rademacher's theorem, a statistical theorem in measure theory See also Radermacher Rademaker German-language surnames Occupational surnames\n\nJohn David \"Honey\" Russell (May 31, 1902 \u2013 November 15, 1973) was an American basketball player and coach who was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1964. He turned professional after his sophomore year of high school, and for the next 28 years he played for numerous early 20th century pro teams, including many in the American Basketball League. His career included over 3,200 pro games (a number that would take a modern NBA player 30\u201340 years to equal). He was the first coach of the NBA's Boston Celtics (1946\u20131948). Russell coached basketball at Seton Hall University from 1936 to 1943 and again from 1949 to 1960. His teams won 294 games and lost 137. In 1940 and 1941, Seton Hall ran its winning streak to 43 games, a national record at the time. The 1952\u201353 team won the National Invitation Tournament at Madison Square Garden\n\nVenezuela is a predominantly Christian country, with Islam being a minority religion. There are approximately 100,000 Muslims in Venezuela which make up 0.4 percent of the nation's population. Venezuela has a small but influential Muslim population. Many of them are Arabs of Lebanese, Palestinian, Syrian and Turkish descent. The capital city Caracas has a Muslim population of 15,000. The Mosque of Sheikh Ibrahim Al-Ibrahim in Caracas is the second largest mosque in Latin America. Located in a rapidly changing area of the city, this historic mosque features a dome, minaret and portal to signal its presence in the urban landscape, and devices such as the octagonal hall rising up from a platform to a circular dome to achieve the transition between the street and the interior of the prayer hall. It was constructed with funds from the Ibrahim bin Abdul Aziz Al-Ibrahim Foundation under the planning of architect Oscar Bracho.\n\nQuestion: What's Honey Russell?", "output": "John David \"Honey\" Russell was an American basketball player and coach who was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1964."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Monte Carlo localization (MCL), also known as particle filter localization, is an algorithm for robots to localize using a particle filter. Given a map of the environment, the algorithm estimates the position and orientation of a robot as it moves and senses the environment. The algorithm uses a particle filter to represent the distribution of likely states, with each particle representing a possible state, i.e., a hypothesis of where the robot is. The algorithm typically starts with a uniform random distribution of particles over the configuration space, meaning the robot has no information about where it is and assumes it is equally likely to be at any point in space. Whenever the robot moves, it shifts the particles to predict its new state after the movement. Whenever the robot senses something, the particles are resampled based on recursive Bayesian estimation, i.e., how well the actual sensed data correlate with the\n\nSouleymane Adama Diamout\u00e9n\u00e9 (born 30 January 1983) is a Malian former professional footballer who played as a defender. Club career Diamout\u00e9n\u00e9 was born in Sikasso. He spent his professional career in Italy, moving in the country after being noted by an Udinese scout. He then trained with the zebrette under-19 squad for a few months between 1999 and 2000, without being officially signed. After a friendly against Pisa, he was spotted by Francesco D'Arrigo, the head coach of the nerazzurri, who successfully signed him with his next club, Serie C1's Lucchese. Diamout\u00e9n\u00e9 spent two seasons with Lucchese, and in 2003 he was signed by Perugia. In 2004, Diamout\u00e9n\u00e9 joined U.S. Lecce, becoming a mainstay of the salentini under coach Zdenek Zeman. He played two seasons in Serie A (2004\u201305, 2005\u201306) and two in Serie B (2006\u201307, 2007\u201308). He was confirmed with Lecce for the 2008\u201309 season, the first one back\n\nThe Last Kingdom is the first historical novel in The Saxon Stories by Bernard Cornwell, published in 2004. This story introduces Uhtred of Bebbanburg, a Saxon noble who is kidnapped by Danish Vikings as a young child and is assimilated into their culture, religion and language before a series of events lead him into the service of King Alfred of Wessex and his participation in multiple battles, including the notable Battle of Cynwit before the book's conclusion. Plot summary Osbert is the second son of Ealdorman (Earl) Uhtred, Lord of Bebbanburg in Northumbria. Danes arrive on Bebbanburg's shores, and Ealdorman Uhtred's first son, also called Uhtred, is killed while scouting. Ealdorman Uhtred renames Osbert as Uhtred son of Uhtred. Ealdorman Uhtred is killed during a disastrous attack on Danish-seized Eoferwic (York) and his son is captured by Danish Jarl Ragnar the Fearless. Ragnar, amused by the boy's bravery during the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what The Last Kingdom is.", "output": "The Last Kingdom is the first historical novel in The Saxon Stories by Bernard Cornwell, published in 2004."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sentul City (previously Bukit Sentul) is a modern housing area situated at Sentul, Babakan Madang, Bogor Regency, in West Java, Indonesia. Its geographical coordinates are 6 52' 0\" South, 112 26' 0\" East and its original name (with diacritics) is Sentul. Located near Bogor, it is about 48 km south of Indonesia's capital city, Jakarta. Sentul City is located at the western foot of the Jonggol Mountains, it is a mountainous township with an area of approximately 3100 hectares. Infrastructure Sentul International Convention Center is located in the township. It is also the location of a 3.9 km long racing circuit that has been used predominantly for bike racing and the Asian F3 series. The township has hotels, shopping malls, culinary center, children's amusement park, a national drug rehab centre, an eco-tour development, and two golf courses, etc. A cultural park known as Taman Budaya Sentul, which is built with\n\nVilna is a village in central Alberta, Canada. Vilna is located in Smoky Lake County, on Highway 28, northeast of the city of Edmonton. Bonnie Lake Provincial Recreation Area is located north of the community, on the shores of Bonnie Lake. History Vilna was founded in 1907, mostly by central European settlers. By 1918, the settlers were calling the larger district Vilna, after the Lithuanian capital city of Vilnius (). The main community started to coalesce in 1919, when the railroad reached the area and the first grain elevator was built. The \"Villette\" post office, located two miles east, was relocated to the growing community in 1920, at which time the community was officially named Vilna. That same year, the first schoolhouse was built. Vilna was incorporated as a village on June 13, 1923. On February 5, 1967, Vilna experienced a meteor air burst with a yield estimated at 600\n\nStaminade is the first sports drink to be commercially manufactured and marketed in Australia, available in Australian retail outlets since the 1970s. Staminade is owned by an Australian company, Steric Trading Pty Ltd and manufactured in Villawood, New South Wales, Australia. Sports drink Staminade is a sports drink as described under standard 2.6.2 in the Australia New Zealand Food Standards code. Powder A 585-gm tub of Staminade powder made nine litres of Staminade drink when mixed with water. Directions for mixing recommended that one scoop of powder be mixed with 250ml chilled or iced water. Staminade produced 19g powder sachets (one sachet makes up 350ml) and a one kilogram powder tub which made up to 21 litres of sports drink. These two options were only available to wholesale food service customers. Since 2015, Staminade has only been available as a powder in 550g tubs with a changed formulation using sucrose\n\nQuestion: What is Vilna, Alberta", "output": "Vilna is a village in central Alberta, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Derby Dilly was a name given to a group of dissident Whigs who split from the main party under the leadership of Edward, Lord Stanley on the issue of the reorganisation of the Church of Ireland in 1834. Stanley and three others resigned from the cabinet of Lord Grey on this particular issue but other factors included their fear that the Whigs were appeasing their radical and Irish allies with further reforms. The group's name 'Derby Dilly' is a reference to Stanley being the heir of the Earl of Derby. Formation In 1830 Lord Grey had formed a government that had achieved political success by passing the Reform Act 1832 and abolishing slavery in the British Empire. However, it was an unstable coalition composed of Whigs, Canningites, Radicals, Irish Repealers and Tory mavericks. It had achieved a crushing electoral victory in 1832 against a demoralised Tory party but then\n\nThe Apostolic Vicariate of Luang Prabang () is a Latin Rite jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Laos. As an apostolic vicariate, it is a pre-diocesan jurisdiction, entitled to a titular bishop. It is located in northern Laos. It is exempt, i.e. not part of any ecclesiastical province but directly dependent on the Holy See and its missionary Dicastery for Evangelization. It currently has no cathedral since its former Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, in Luang Prabang, has been secularized. The vicariate has been vacant since 1975, entrusted to a series of temporary Apostolic administrators. Statistics The vicariate covers 80,425 km\u00b2 in the northern Laotian civic provinces of Luang Prabang, Xaignabouli, Oudomxai, Phongsali, Louang Namtha and Bokeo. As of 2014, it pastorally cares for 2,693 Catholics (0.2% of 1,692,000 total) in 8 parishes with one priest and five seminarians. History It was established on March 1, 1963 as Apostolic Vicariate\n\nIn computer graphics, a triangle strip is a subset of triangles in a triangle mesh with shared vertices, and is a more memory-efficient method of storing information about the mesh. They are more efficient than un-indexed lists of triangles, but usually equally fast or slower than indexed triangle lists. The primary reason to use triangle strips is to reduce the amount of data needed to create a series of triangles. The number of vertices stored in memory is reduced from to , where is the number of triangles to be drawn. This allows for less use of disk space, as well as making them faster to load into RAM. For example, the four triangles in the diagram, without using triangle strips, would have to be stored and interpreted as four separate triangles: ABC, CBD, CDE, and EDF. However, using a triangle strip, they can be stored simply as a sequence\n\nQuestion: Define Triangle strip.", "output": "In computer graphics, a triangle strip is a subset of triangles in a triangle mesh with shared vertices, and is a more memory-efficient method of storing information about the mesh."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Phillip Rogaway is an American cryptographer who is a professor of computer science at the University of California, Davis. He graduated from Beverly Hills High School, and later earned a BA in computer science from UC Berkeley and completed his PhD in cryptography at MIT, in the Theory of Computation group. He has taught at UC Davis since 1994. He was awarded the Paris Kanellakis Award in 2009 and the first Levchin Prize for Real World Cryptography in 2016. Rogaway received an NSF CAREER award in 1996, which the NSA had attempted to prevent by influencing the NSF. He has been interviewed in multiple media outlets regarding his stance on the ethical obligations that cryptographers and computer scientists have to serve to the public good, specifically in the areas of internet privacy and digital surveillance. Rogaway's papers cover topics including: CMAC Concrete security DES and DES-X Format-preserving encryption OCB mode\n\n\"My Baby Just Cares for Me\" is a jazz standard written by Walter Donaldson with lyrics by Gus Kahn. Written for the film version of the musical comedy Whoopee! (1930), the song became a signature tune for Eddie Cantor who sang it in the movie. A stylized version of the song by American singer and songwriter Nina Simone, recorded in 1957, was a top 10 hit in the United Kingdom after it was used in a 1987 perfume commercial and resulted in a renaissance for Simone. Recordings Ted Weems, (vocal by Art Jarrett) \u2013 this reached the charts of the day in 1930 Jack Payne (1930) Isham Jones (1930) Harry James (1946) Nat King Cole (1949) Mel Torm\u00e9 Dean Martin (1952) The Hi-Lo's \u2013 this briefly reached the Billboard charts in 1954. Tony Bennett (1955) Somethin' Smith and the Redheads (1955) Bing Crosby (1956) for use on his radio show\n\nPig\u00fc\u00e9 () is a town in Argentina located in the Pampas, south-west of Buenos Aires. It was founded by 165 Occitan-speaking French immigrants from Aveyron (Avairon in occitan) and one Argentine of direct Irish descent on December 4, 1884. The urban population is now 13,822 (INDEC 2001) and has increased by 9.5% since the 1991 census. Pig\u00fc\u00e9 is the administrative centre of Saavedra Partido, Buenos Aires Province. History A brief account Pig\u00fc\u00e9, Pi-Hue, which means gathering place in Mapuche tongue, is home to an Occitan-speaking community coming from Rouergue, Occitania. It is located where two chains of hills meet, the Cura Malal to the west and the Bravard to the east. But Pig\u00fc\u00e9 would never exist as a town were it not for Cl\u00e9ment Cabanettes, a man born in 1851 in the small village of Ambec, commune of Lassouts near Saint-C\u00f4me (Sant C\u00f2sme d\u2019\u00d2lt en occitan) in the southern French\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Pig\u00fc\u00e9 is.", "output": "Pig\u00fc\u00e9 is a town in Argentina located in the Pampas,  south-west of Buenos Aires."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Blairmore is a community in the Rocky Mountains within the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass in southwest Alberta, Canada. It was formerly incorporated as a town prior to 1979 when it amalgamated with four other municipalities to form Crowsnest Pass. Blairmore is the principal commercial centre of Crowsnest Pass. History Originally a Canadian Pacific Railway stop called Tenth Siding or The Springs (for the cold sulphur spring to the east), the settlement was renamed Blairmore in November 1898 and it got a post office the following year. A ten-year dispute over land ownership between the CPR station agent and the section foreman stunted early development. The community was incorporated as the Village of Blairmore on September 3, 1901. Blairmore's principal industry was lumber and, after 1907, coal. Other industries soon followed. Blairmore incorporated as a town on September 29, 1911. With the declining fortunes of the nearby community of Frank, Blairmore\n\nSwimming World is a US-based monthly swimming magazine that was first published in a magazine format as Junior Swimmer in January 1960. It concurrently runs online websites Swimming World Magazine and Swimming World News, (known as SwimInfo prior to 2006). The headquarters is in History In its earliest form, Junior Swimmer began as a mimeograph/newsletter published by Peter Daland in the summer of 1952. In 1960, Coach Daland passed the responsibility of the project to Albert Schoenfeld due to Daland's greater coaching demands as the swim coach at the University of Southern California and the Los Angeles Athletic Club. The January 1960 issue was the first published in a magazine format, still called Junior Swimmer. The magazine then went through six title changes over the next 45 years. In May 1961, the magazine changed its main cover title to Jr./Sr. Swimmer. The publication then combined with Swimming World in June\n\nUzunk\u00f6pr\u00fc (Greek: \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac \u0393\u03ad\u03c6\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1) is a town in Edirne Province in Turkey. It is named after a historical stone bridge, claimed to be the world's longest, on the Ergene River. It is a strategically important border town, located on the routes connecting Turkey to the Balkans and Europe. It is the seat of Uzunk\u00f6pr\u00fc District. Its population is 39,577 (2022). Uzunk\u00f6pr\u00fc is the third most populous town of Edirne Province. The town is served by Uzunk\u00f6pr\u00fc railway station. Etymology The Greek () and Turkish names of the town can both be translated as long bridge. History The history of Uzunk\u00f6pr\u00fc goes back to the Neolithic Era (8000\u20135500). In the field surveys conducted in Masl\u0131dere, situated along the route going to K\u0131rkkavak village to the south, many ware fragments overlaid with ornamental striped and pressed figures have been discovered with designs that have never been encountered in Greece and Bulgaria. Nevertheless,\n\nQuestion: What is Uzunk\u00f6pr\u00fc?", "output": "Uzunk\u00f6pr\u00fc is a town in Edirne Province in Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Behrouz Afagh () is Head of BBC World Service's Asia & Pacific Region. He was born and brought up in Iran and studied at Tehran University and then at the University of Surrey in Britain. He has lived in Britain since 1978. Career He is editorially and managerially responsible for the BBC's broadcasts and multimedia services in the Azeri, Bengali, Burmese, Chinese, Hindi, Indonesian, Kyrgyz, Nepali, Pashto, Persian, Sinhala, Tamil, Urdu and Uzbek languages. He is responsible for the launch of a BBC Persian television service for Iran which will be launched in 2008. Afagh joined BBC World Service in 1983. He worked as a producer and then editor in the Persian Service and as an editor in the Vietnamese Service. He set up the BBC Central Asian Service in 1994 and became Editor of Eurasia Region in 1999. He was Head of the Eurasia Region from March 2003. He\n\nNideggen () is a town in the district of D\u00fcren in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the river Rur, in the Eifel hills, approx. 15 km south of D\u00fcren. Nideggen is known for its ruined, but partly restored castle (Burg Nideggen) and the sandstone rocks along the Rur. It is twinned with Thatcham in Berkshire, England. The first mention in history was in 1184. The town was created in 1972 by amalgamation of eight until then independent communities: Abenden (782 inhabitants), Berg-Thuir (709), Br\u00fcck (301), Embken (734), Muldenau (161), Nideggen (2,983), Rath (757), Schmidt (2,974), Wollersheim (637) (December 2014). It is situated between 250 and 450 metres above sea level. Geographical position Nideggen lies on the river Rur and at the banks of the Rurtalsperre, the second largest dam in Germany. The region is famous for its precipitous Early Triassic rocks of Buntsandstein in the\n\nLaura Vickerson (born 1959 in Edmonton, Alberta) is a Canadian artist who works with mixed media in site-specific situations. She often includes discarded household items in her projects as a comment on changing trends, consumerism and human relationships with everyday objects. Vickerson was a professor in Craft and Emerging Media at the Alberta College of Art and Design, where she taught starting in 1989. Vikerson retired in 2020 and is now a Professor Emeritus. Exhibitions Vickerson has exhibited at the Biennale du Lin in Quebec, the 5th Istanbul Biennial, Textile Museum of Canada, Surrey Art Gallery, the Southern Alberta Art Gallery and the Oakville Galleries. Works In 2018 she was part of the exhibition entitled Fabrications at the Kelowna Art Gallery, along with three fellow women installation artists from different regions of Canada -- Libby Hague, Gisele Amantea, and Yael Brotman. Her piece, entitled Air, invites guests to lie barefoot\n\nQuestion: What is Behrouz Afagh?", "output": "Behrouz Afagh is Head of BBC World Service's Asia & Pacific Region."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Norma Zimmer (July 13, 1923 \u2013 May 10, 2011) was an American vocalist, best remembered for her 22-year tenure as Lawrence Welk's \"Champagne Lady\" on The Lawrence Welk Show. Early years Born Norma Larsen on a dairy farm in Shoshone County, Idaho, she grew up in Seattle, Washington after her father moved the family west when she was 2 years old. Her father was a violin teacher, and Zimmer had hoped to play that instrument until he told her that her hands were too small. She was offered a scholarship to Seattle University but chose to continue vocal studies. Zimmer was singing in a church choir when a guest artist suggested she travel to Los Angeles, California and audition for a musical group. When she turned 18, she did just that, singing with a succession of top vocal groups, including the Norman Luboff Choir and the Ken Darby Singers, among\n\nAnthony Earnshaw (9 October 1924 \u2013 17 August 2001) was an English anarchist, artist, author and illustrator. Earnshaw was born in Ilkley, West Yorkshire. His father, a watchmaker and jeweller, died before he was born. His mother ran the family shop until it went bankrupt in 1930, when they moved first to Redcar and then to Leeds. Earnshaw attended Harehills School in Leeds until the age of 14. He worked as an engineering fitter, and later as a lathe turner and a crane driver, while educating himself at Leeds City Library. At 20 he became interested in Surrealism and, with his lifelong friend Eric Thacker, devised surreal activities such as boarding and alighting from trains at random. In the early 1960s he met several other like-minded people, including Patrick Hughes, Ian Breakwell and Glen Baxter. Hughes persuaded Earnshaw to hold a retrospective at the Leeds Institute in 1966, which was\n\nBrian Wilson Kernighan (; born January 30, 1942) is a Canadian computer scientist. He worked at Bell Labs and contributed to the development of Unix alongside Unix creators Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie. Kernighan's name became widely known through co-authorship of the first book on the C programming language (The C Programming Language) with Dennis Ritchie. Kernighan affirmed that he had no part in the design of the C language (\"it's entirely Dennis Ritchie's work\"). He authored many Unix programs, including ditroff. Kernighan is coauthor of the AWK and AMPL programming languages. The \"K\" of K&R C and of AWK both stand for \"Kernighan\". In collaboration with Shen Lin he devised well-known heuristics for two NP-complete optimization problems: graph partitioning and the travelling salesman problem. In a display of authorial equity, the former is usually called the Kernighan\u2013Lin algorithm, while the latter is known as the Lin\u2013Kernighan heuristic. Kernighan has\n\nQuestion: What is Norma Zimmer", "output": "Norma Zimmer was an American vocalist, best remembered for her 22-year tenure as Lawrence Welk's \"Champagne Lady\" on The Lawrence Welk Show."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Elemental Masters is a fantasy series by American writer Mercedes Lackey, taking place on an alternate Earth where magic exists. The series largely focuses on Elemental Masters, people who have magical control over air, water, fire, or earth. Each elemental master has power over elementals, as well. Each book in the series is loosely based on a fairy tale. Books The Fire Rose (1995, ), based on Beauty and the Beast The Serpent's Shadow (2001, ), based on Snow White The Gates of Sleep (2002, ), based on Sleeping Beauty Phoenix And Ashes (2004, ), based on Cinderella The Wizard of London (October 2005, ), based on The Snow Queen Reserved for the Cat (October 2007, ), based on Puss in Boots Unnatural Issue (June 2011, ), based on Donkeyskin or similar tale Home From the Sea (June 2012, ), based on East of the Sun and West of the\n\nPure Phase is the second studio album by Spiritualized, released on 28 March 1995. The album was recorded in the Moles Studio in Bath, and features contributions from The Balanescu Quartet. Initial CD copies were sold in a glow-in-the-dark, encapsulated CD case. The lineup fluctuated during recording, with the band eventually reduced to a core trio of Jason Pierce, Kate Radley and Sean Cook. Previous members Mark Refoy and Jonny Mattock performed the main guitar and drums sections respectively, but by the time of album release, both men had been sacked from the band. At the time of release, Pierce had renamed the band as \"Spiritualized Electric Mainline\", the name that appears on the album cover, before reverting to the Spiritualized name shortly afterwards. The track \"Pure Phase\" was the basis for a limited edition release called \"Pure Phase Tones For DJs\", which consisted of 16 versions of \"Pure Phase\",\n\nThe Throne of England is the throne of the Monarch of England. \"Throne of England\" also refers metonymically to the office of monarch, and monarchy itself. The term \"Throne of Great Britain\" has been used in reference to Sovereign's Throne in the House of Lords, from which a monarch gives his or her speech at the State opening of Parliament. History The English Throne is one of the oldest continuing hereditary monarchies in the world. In much the same sense as The Crown, the Throne of England becomes an abstract metonymic concept that represents the legal authority for the existence of the government. It evolved naturally as a separation of the literal throne and property of the nation-state from the person and personal property of the monarch. According to tradition, the roots of British monarchy extend into legends before the ninth-century king Alfred the Great. On 1 May 1707, the\n\nQuestion: What is Pure Phase", "output": "Pure Phase is the second studio album by Spiritualized, released on 28 March 1995."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Giv'at Shmuel () is a city in the Center District of Israel. It is located in the eastern part of the Gush Dan Metropolitan Area and bordered by Ramat Gan and Bnei Brak to the West, Kiryat Ono to the South and Petah Tikva to the East and North. In it had a population of . History Giv'at Shmuel was founded in 1944. It was named for the Romanian Zionist leader Samuel Pineles, founder and president of the Zionist Congress in Foc\u0219ani and Vice-President of the First Zionist Congress in Basel. On November 5, 2007, the Israeli Minister of Interior accepted a committee recommendation to change the municipal status of Giv'at Shmuel to 'city'. Demographics At the end of 2019, the population of Givat Shmuel numbered 26,578 with a growth rate of 2.1%, and with the building of new neighborhoods is planned to grow to 40,000. Demographics are mixed religious/secular,\n\nWonderbug is a segment of the first and second season of the American television series The Krofft Supershow, from 1976 to 1978. It was shot in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. The show was rerun as part of ABC's Sunday morning series. Plot Wonderbug's alter ego \"Schlepcar\" (so named due to its personalized California license plate \"SCHLEP\") was an old, beat up, conglomeration of several junked cars that looked like a rusty dune buggy. Like Herbie of The Walt Disney Company film fame, Schlepcar was alive and could drive itself, and could also talk in a mumbling voice. It was found in a junk yard by teenagers Barry Buntrock (David Levy), C.C. McNamara (John Anthony Bailey) and Susan Talbot (Carol Anne Seflinger). Schlepcar transformed into the shiny metal-flake orange Wonderbug (vocal effects provided by Frank Welker) whenever a magic horn (which played the bugle call for \"cavalry charge\") was sounded. In\n\nThe Book of Kings (, S\u0113fer M\u0259l\u0101\u1e35\u012bm) is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books (1\u20132 Kings) in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. It concludes the Deuteronomistic history, a history of Israel also including the books of Joshua, Judges and Samuel. Biblical commentators believe the Books of Kings were written to provide a theological explanation for the destruction of the Kingdom of Judah by Babylon in c. 586 BCE and to provide a foundation for a return from Babylonian exile. The two books of Kings present a history of ancient Israel and Judah, from the death of King David to the release of Jehoiachin from imprisonment in Babylon\u2014a period of some 400 years (). Scholars tend to treat the books as consisting of a first edition from the late 7th century BCE and of a second and final edition from the mid-6th century BCE. Contents\n\nQuestion: What is Wonderbug", "output": "Wonderbug is a segment of the first and second season of the American television series The Krofft Supershow, from 1976 to 1978."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Geoffrey William Humpage (born 24 April 1954) is a former England cricketer who played in three One Day Internationals in 1981. Humpage played in county cricket as a hard-hitting middle-order batsman and wicketkeeper for Warwickshire from 1974 to 1990. He was born at Sparkbrook in Birmingham in 1954. , he still holds the Warwickshire batting record for the fourth wicket: a stand of 470 with Alvin Kallicharran against Lancashire at Southport in 1982, of which Humpage contributed 254 (his highest first-class score), in a match which Warwickshire lost by ten wickets. As of 2022, this is the fourth highest fourth-wicket partnership in first-class cricket anywhere, and the highest ever in England. He went on the rebel tour to South Africa in 1981\u201382, which effectively ended his international career after just three ODIs, despite it having no similar effect on the international careers of other rebel tourists including Graham Gooch, John\n\nArmin Jordan (9 April 1932 \u2013 20 September 2006) was a Swiss conductor known for his interpretations of French music, Mozart and Wagner. Armin Jordan was born in Lucerne, Switzerland. \"Mr. Jordan was a large man, with a slab of a face and a full mouth, often twisted in a sardonic smile, and his powerful physical presence belied the careful near-understatement of his conducting\", noted The New York Times in his obituary. Jordan was most unusual at a time when conductors flew about the world from one engagement to another. For the most part he stayed close to home in Switzerland and France. After leading a number of Swiss orchestras he became principal conductor of the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande, Geneva, in 1985, a position he held until 1997. Armin Jordan did not conduct in the United States until 1985. He appeared in Seattle and New York City. Seattle\n\nImperial Armour is a series of rules supplements to the Warhammer 40,000 table-top game, along with an associated range of vehicle-size resin model kits. Both are produced by Forge World, a subsidiary company of Games Workshop. The Imperial Armour range and rules supplements are designed to incorporate vehicles referred to in the fiction and background material produced for the Warhammer 40,000 fictional universe, but not included in the Codexes due to a variety of reasons. These include super-heavy vehicles (such as the Imperial Baneblade), specialised variants of standard vehicles (such as Tau Empire Hammerhead Gunships modified to carry different turret weapon configurations), aircraft, immobile defenses, and non-combatant vehicles. Vehicles that are featured in the Imperial Armour books are available from Forge World as multi-part resin model kits, or as a series of resin components that can be used to convert existing plastic and metal models. The Imperial Armour range is\n\nQuestion: What is Imperial Armour", "output": "Imperial Armour is a series of rules supplements to the Warhammer 40,000 table-top game, along with an associated range of vehicle-size resin model kits."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tahrir al-Wasilah (; Exegesis of the Means of Salvation or Commentaries on the Liberation of the Intercession; in Tahrir al-Vasileh) is a book by Ayatollah Khomeini as a commentary on a traditional theological text, and as a guide for Shia jurists on the opinions of Khomeini. The book was part of the centuries-old tradition of commentaries on Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) commonly written by leading Shia clerics working toward the status of Marja, for the use of their students and fellow clerics. The \"Means\" or \"Intercession\" this book was commenting on was Wasileh un-Nejat, (The Means of Salvation), by S. Abul-Hasan Isfahani. Khomeini's commentary covered socio-political issues such as jihad and \"ordering the good and forbidding the evil\", that had been abandoned by his contemporaries. Written during Khomeini's exile, the book was started in 1964 in Turkey and finished in Iraq and comes in two volumes and four editions. The book\n\nHere Come the Mummies (HCTM) is an American funk rock band best known for its live performances and anonymous band members. The band consists of various professional musicians based in Nashville, Tennessee. There are rumored to be several Grammy awards among the members, though this is difficult to verify, as the identities of band members are kept \"under wraps.\" Members are believed to be under contract to various record labels, hiding their identities so as to prevent contract disputes while performing. According to the band's humorous promotional material: \"Some say [the band was] cursed after deflowering a great Pharaoh's daughter. Others claim they are reincarnated Grammy-Winning studio musicians. Regardless, HCTM's mysterious personas, cunning song-craft, and unrelenting live show will bend your brain, and melt your face.\" Style and influences Here Come the Mummies' music is funk rock that incorporates elements of jazz, soul, ska and reggae. The band's influences include\n\nAlto Horizonte is a municipality in north Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. The population was 6,605 in 2020 and the area of the municipality was 503.7 km\u00b2. Location Alto Horizonte is located about 341 kilometers north of the state capital, Goi\u00e2nia and is in the Porangatu Microregion. Municipal boundaries are with: north: Mara Rosa south and east: Nova Igua\u00e7u de Goi\u00e1s west: Campinorte Alto Horizonte is connected by poor roads to Campinorte, which is on the Bel\u00e9m-Bras\u00edlia highway. Mara Rosa is 32 kilometers to the north and Nova Igua\u00e7u de Goi\u00e1s is 12 kilometers to the south. All highway connections are of poor quality. Highway access from Goi\u00e2nia is made by GO-080 / Ner\u00f3polis / BR-153 / Jaragu\u00e1 / GO-080 / Goian\u00e9sia / Barro Alto / GO-342 / Urua\u00e7u / Campinorte / GO-428 / GO-556. See Seplan History In 1949 Manoel Francisco Leite bought lands in the region and in 1951 built\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Alto Horizonte is.", "output": "Alto Horizonte is a municipality in north Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Karen Ritscher is an American violist and academic. She is on the faculties of the Manhattan School of Music, New York University and Boston University. She has performed and taught in the United States, Asia and Europe. She is a certified 5Rhythms\u00ae Movement teacher, she has led workshops and clinics, often combining the exploration of movement with the art of self-expression as a musician. Ritscher served as the Principal Violist for both the Dallas Opera and the Houston Grand Opera and the Assistant Principal for the American Composers Orchestra. She has performed with the Orpheus Chamber Orchestra, the Houston Symphony, New York City Ballet Orchestra and the New York City Opera Orchestra. She has been a member of the Aureus Piano Quartet the Azure Ensemble as well as playing in many other chamber music ensembles and festivals. She has commissioned and performed new works by composers such as by Chen\n\nWalter Kollo (28 January 1878 \u2013 30 September 1940) was a German composer of operettas, Possen mit Gesang, and Singspiele as well as popular songs. He was also a conductor and a music publisher. Kollo was born in Neidenburg, East Prussia. His best known work, the operetta (1913), was the basis of a 1917 Sigmund Romberg operetta in America entitled Maytime. A merchant's son, he was expected to take his father's trade, but devoted himself to the study of music in the K\u00f6nigsberg Sondershausen music conservatory with his mother's help. He became a theater conductor for a brief time in K\u00f6nigsberg before going to Berlin in 1899. In Berlin, he turned towards popular / light music, and from 1908, wrote music for the popular musical theater. In 1910 with Willy Bredschneider he composed his first great success, Gro\u00dfe Rosinen, produced on New Year's Eve 1911. Somewhat prolifically, he continued composing\n\nMadeline (Madeleine) (November 15, 1900 \u2013 January 15, 1989) and her twin sister Marion Fairbanks (November 15, 1900 \u2013 September 20, 1973) were American stage and motion picture actresses active in the silent era. The two sisters were seemingly inseparable. However, their Thanhouser filmographies are slightly different, as on occasion one twin appeared in a film without the other. Early life Born in New York City, the twins were mainly educated by private tutors at home and while traveling. Their mother was actress Jennie M. Fairbanks, a.k.a. Jane Fairbanks, and their father was the son of Nathaniel Fairbanks, who served in the American Civil War, and a descendant of Jonathan Fairbanks, a Massachusetts hero of the Revolution. Madeline and Marion had an older brother, Robert. Career The twins began their career on the stage in such productions as Alias Jimmy Valentine, Mother, Salomy Jane, Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch,\n\nQuestion: Who is Walter Kollo?", "output": "Walter Kollo was a German composer of operettas, Possen mit Gesang, and Singspiele as well as popular songs."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Patrick Kelly Downard is the former Republican Councilman for the 16th District of Louisville Metro in Kentucky in the United States of America and served as Metro Council President from 2004 to 2005. Downard previously held the title of President of Louisville Community Development Bank, to which he was appointed by Mayor Jerry E. Abramson. Before being appointed by Abramson, Downard (who is a Certified Public Accountant) held the titles of President of the PNC Mortgage Company and Senior Vice President of PNC Private Banking. In 2005, Downard filed to be a candidate in the 2006 Louisville Metro Mayor election. He was raised in Indian Hills, Kentucky, a suburb of Louisville, and has moved back to the area as an adult. His grandfather, C. Paul Downard, worked for a retail coal company, and served as president of the former Louisville Board of Aldermen. Downard's father, Norman, was president of a\n\nChristine May (born 23 March 1948, in Dublin) is a Scottish Labour Co-operative politician. She was the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Central Fife constituency from 2003 to 2007. Raised and educated in Dublin, Christine worked in the catering industry in Dublin and then London, and first moved to Scotland in 1984, where she became a college lecturer. She was elected to the Central Fife seat after former First Minister Henry McLeish stood down as MSP following a scandal relating to the sub-letting of his constituency office \u2013 dubbed \"Officegate\" by the media. She had previously been leader of Fife Council from 1998. She represented a ward in Kirkcaldy as a councillor, and still lives in the town, which is just outside the Central Fife constituency. Her constituency office was based in Glenrothes, adjacent to Fife Council's headquarters. In 2007, she lost her constituency to SNP politician Tricia\n\nThe Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) is a breeder reactor located at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India. The Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research (IGCAR) and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) jointly designed, constructed, and operate the reactor. History It first reached criticality in , making India the seventh nation to have the technology to build and operate a breeder reactor after United States, UK, France, Japan, Germany, and Russia. The reactor was designed to produce 40 MW of thermal power and 13.2 MW of electrical power. The initial nuclear fuel core used in the FBTR consisted of approximately of weapons-grade plutonium. The FBTR has rarely operated at its designed capacity and had to be shut down between 1987 and 1989 due to technical problems. From 1989 to 1992, the reactor operated at 1 MW. In 1993, the reactor's power level was raised to 10.5 MW. In September 2002, fuel burn-up\n\nQuestion: What's Fast Breeder Test Reactor?", "output": "The Fast Breeder Test Reactor is a breeder reactor located at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Danum Valley Conservation Area is a 438 square kilometres tract of relatively undisturbed lowland dipterocarp forest in Sabah, Malaysia. It has an extensive diversity of tropical flora and fauna, including such species as the rare Bornean orangutans, gibbons, mousedeer, clouded leopards and over 270 bird species. Activities offered are jungle treks, river swimming, bird watching, night jungle tours and excursions to nearby logging sites and timber mills. The area holds unique status in the sense that before it became a conservation area there were no human settlements within the area, meaning that hunting, logging and other human interference was non existent making the area almost unique. It is managed by Yayasan Sabah for conservation, research, education, and habitat restoration training purposes. There have been proposals to nominate the site as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Geography The nearest town, Lahad Datu is about 82 km away (about a 2 hours\n\nA counting-out game or counting-out rhyme is a simple method of 'randomly' selecting a person from a group, often used by children for the purpose of playing another game. It usually requires no materials, and is achieved with spoken words or hand gestures. The historian Henry Carrington Bolton suggested in his 1888 book Counting Out Rhymes of Children that the custom of counting out originated in the \"superstitious practices of divination by lots.\" Many such methods involve one person pointing at each participant in a circle of players while reciting a rhyme. A new person is pointed at as each word is said. The player who is selected at the conclusion of the rhyme is \"it\" or \"out\". In an alternate version, the circle of players may each put two feet in and at the conclusion of the rhyme, that player removes one foot and the rhyme starts over with\n\nWormwood: A Drama of Paris is an 1890 novel by Marie Corelli. It tells the sensational story of a Frenchman, Gaston Beauvais, driven to murder and ruin by the potent alcoholic drink absinthe. Like Corelli's previous four novels, Wormwood was a great commercial success. Corelli presented the story as a cautionary tale about the dangers of absinthe, and it has been implicated in bans of the spirit which later occurred in Europe and the United States. The book has also been interpreted as a condemnation of the aesthetic and decadent movements. Summary Wormwood is set in Paris. The protagonist, Gaston Beauvais, is a writer engaged to be married to Pauline de Charmilles, but shortly before their marriage, she confesses that she has fallen in love with another man, Silvion Guidel, a priest in training. Beauvais turns to alcohol as a result and shows up to their wedding day drunk on\n\nQuestion: Define Wormwood: A Drama of Paris.", "output": "Wormwood: A Drama of Paris is an 1890 novel by Marie Corelli."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wood-Ridge is an active commuter railroad train station in the borough of Wood-Ridge, Bergen County, New Jersey. Located next to the interchange of Route 17 and Moonachie (County Route 36), the single low-level side platform station services trains of New Jersey Transit's Pascack Valley Line between Hoboken Terminal and Spring Valley. The next station to the north is Teterboro and to the south is Secaucus Junction. Wood-Ridge station is not accessible to handicapped persons and contains parking along Park Place East. Service through the Wood-Ridge section of Bergen Township began with the opening of the Hackensack and New York Railroad on January 21, 1861 as Woodridge\u2013Moonachie. The station contained a two-story wooden passenger station with dimensions of with two freight houses, a wooden structure and an old railroad car body serving as a secondary facility. With the reconstruction of Route 17 in 1967, the railroad received approval to demolish the\n\nBrookwood Village was a upscale shopping mall located near Birmingham in the cities of Mountain Brook and Homewood, Alabama. History Early history Originally known as Brookwood Mall, it was constructed in 1973 by the Shepherd family. The original building was designed by Giattina Fisher Aycock Architects and won a design award that year from Shopping Center World Magazine. The original anchors were Pizitz and Rich's. Because the mall is located next to a stream bed with weak soil, the foundation for the mall is built in deep piles bearing on rock strata. A feature of the original mall was a large skylit atrium in the center with a large fountain populated with tree-like sprayers that filled the area with white noise and mist. An interior remodeling in the late 1980s decked over the fountain to create a dining and special events platform. New lighting, escalators and flooring were installed and\n\n\u00c6lfheah ( \u2013 19 April 1012), more commonly known today as Alphege, was an Anglo-Saxon Bishop of Winchester, later Archbishop of Canterbury. He became an anchorite before being elected abbot of Bath Abbey. His reputation for piety and sanctity led to his promotion to the episcopate and, eventually, to his becoming archbishop. \u00c6lfheah furthered the cult of Dunstan and also encouraged learning. He was captured by Viking raiders in 1011 during the siege of Canterbury and killed by them the following year after refusing to allow himself to be ransomed. \u00c6lfheah was canonised as a saint in 1078. Thomas Becket, a later Archbishop of Canterbury, prayed to \u00c6lfheah just before his own murder in Canterbury Cathedral in 1170. Life \u00c6lfheah was born around 953, supposedly in Weston on the outskirts of Bath, and became a monk early in life. He first entered the monastery of Deerhurst, but then moved to\n\nQuestion: What's \u00c6lfheah of Canterbury?", "output": "\u00c6lfheah, more commonly known today as Alphege, was an Anglo-Saxon Bishop of Winchester, later Archbishop of Canterbury."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The World Series of Poker Circuit is a series of poker tournaments held annually at a variety of casinos since 2005 as a build-up to the World Series of Poker (WSOP). All Championship events are competed in no limit Texas hold 'em; preliminary events may be different poker variants. In 2015, the WSOP International Circuit was launched, with rounds in Canada, Latin America, the Caribbean, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Africa. The International Circuit has expanded to 13 tournaments for the 2017/18 season. WSOP Circuit bracelets WSOP Circuit National Championship Starting in 2010\u201311, the WSOP Circuit National Championship was held as a closed event for participants of various circuit events. The winner of the WSOP Circuit National Championship won a World Series of Poker bracelet. Starting in 2011\u201312, qualification for the WSOP Circuit National Championship was significantly changed. A total of 100 players now receive automatic seats in the WSOP Circuit National\n\nGroup cognition is a social, largely linguistic phenomenon whereby a group of people produce a sequence of utterances that performs a cognitive act. That is, if a similar sequence was uttered or thought by an individual it would be considered an act of cognition or thinking. The group can be a small group, such as 3\u20135 people talking together or working together online. The group can also be a larger collective, such as a classroom of students or a global community contributing asynchronously to an extended discourse on a problem or topic or to a knowledge repository like Wikipedia. The theory of group cognition is a postcognitivism philosophy, which considers a larger unit of analysis than an individual mind as a producer of cognitive activities such as creative problem solving. Concepts of Group Cognition Group cognition refers to an analytic viewpoint that looks beyond individual cognition to include the interaction\n\nToni Savevski (; born 14 June 1963) is a Macedonian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Savevski is widely regarded as one of the best foreign players to have played in the Greek football league. After retiring from as a footballer in 2001 he became manager and managed several clubs in Cyprus, most notably Omonia. Club career Savevski was born in Bitola, SR Macedonia. He started his career in Pelister Bitola and then played for Vardar Skopje, where he won the league in 1987, but due to a point deduction punishment of Partizan was overturned, the title eventually was awarded to the latter. In winter 1988 he signed for AEK Athens at the request of Du\u0161an Bajevi\u0107. Savevski quickly developed into one of the team's consistent players and, alongside Stelios Manolas, became the permanent leaders of the great AEK of the 90s. He combined very well and assisted\n\nQuestion: What is Group cognition?", "output": "Group cognition is a social, largely linguistic phenomenon whereby a group of people produce a sequence of utterances that performs a cognitive act."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Stromeferry railway station is a station on the Kyle of Lochalsh Line, serving the village of Stromeferry in the Highlands, northern Scotland. Stromeferry lies on the southern shore of Loch Carron, across from the ruined Strome Castle, near the west coast. The station is from , between Attadale and Duncraig. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services. History The station opened for passenger traffic on 19 August 1870. For the first 27 years of its existence it was the line's terminus, bringing prosperity to the village. The station was host to a LMS caravan from 1935 to 1939. A camping coach was positioned here by the Scottish Region from 1952 to 1967, for the last two years a Pullman camping coach was used. Accidents and incidents On 3 June 1883 the station was occupied by 150 Sabbatarians, defeating the local police force and railway employees, to prevent the despatch\n\nFrank Wilson Pritt III (1940-2015) was a salesperson and product manager for Harris Corporation in the 1970s, then founder of Attachmate Corporation in 1982. Attachmate went on to become Washington's largest privately held software firm. He was listed on Forbes' list of 400 richest Americans in October 1995. He announced his retirement from Attachmate, where he had held the office of president, in 2005. Frank Pritt and Julia Pritt were Seattle software entrepreneurs, and co-founded Attachmate in their living room in 1982. They were married for 28 years, divorcing in 1990. On May 17, 2006 Frank listed his estate in Orange County for sale with a price of $75 million. The estate, located in Corona del Mar, CA, is named the Portabello Estate. The estate finally sold towards the end of 2010 for $34.1 million plus the buyer also gave the seller a property valued at around $7 million. He\n\nScience Digest was a monthly American magazine published by the Hearst Corporation from 1937 through 1988. History Science Digest was first published in January 1937 in an 8 x 5 inch digest size format of about 100 pages. First edited by G.W. Stamm, it was targeted at persons with a high school education level. It contained short articles about general science often excerpted from other publications in the style of Reader's Digest. The headquarters of Science Digest was in Des Moines, Iowa. In November 1980 the magazine was expanded to an 11 x 8 inch glossy page format with full-length articles and color pictures targeted at a college-educated reader. The new version was largely the creation of its then editor Scott DeGarmo. It was issued bi-monthly with circulation of about 500,000 copies. At first it tended to favor breathless cover lines, and often turned to pseudoscience topics, including spontaneous human\n\nQuestion: What is Science Digest", "output": "Science Digest was a monthly American magazine published by the Hearst Corporation from 1937 through 1988."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Old Avery Oak Tree was a white oak tree that stood in Dedham, Massachusetts until it was knocked down in 1972. It had a circumference of over and stood on East Street near the Fairbanks House. It was named for Jonathan Avery, the owner of the tree, who had an estate that was bounded roughly by East Street, Mt. Vernon Street, Barrows Street, and Brookdale Avenue. The Avery family was one of the early settlers of Dedham, arriving in 1650. By the time the first settlers arrived in Dedham in 1635, the tree was already quite old. It was owned by the Dedham Historical Society after being donated by J.W. Clark in 1886. Clark, who owned the house where the tree was located, also donated a square of land around it extending seven and a half feet from three sides of it, and to East Street on the fourth.\n\nIpana was a toothpaste manufactured by Bristol-Myers Company. The wintergreen-flavored toothpaste, with active ingredient 0.243% sodium fluoride, reached its peak market penetration during the 1950s in North America. Marketing of Ipana used a Disney-created mascot named Bucky Beaver in the 1950s. Introduction and early popularity Ipana was introduced in 1901 by the Bristol-Myers Company of New York. Ipana was an early and significant sponsor of United States radio broadcasts, starting in 1923 with the program The Ipana Troubadors. From 1925 to 1931, a series of popular records was issued under that name by Columbia. Sam Lanin was the leader and contractor of the studio group. From 1934 to 1940, the brand sponsored The Fred Allen Show, which ran under the names The Hour of Smiles and Town Hall Tonight. After Allen switched sponsors, Ipana sponsored It's Time to Smile, with Eddie Cantor and Dinah Shore. With hexachlorophene In 1959, Bristol-Myers\n\nGeorge Sherman (July 14, 1908 \u2013 March 15, 1991) was an American film director and producer of low-budget Western films. One obituary said his \"credits rival in number those of anyone in the entertainment industry.\" Biography George Sherman was born in New York City on July 14, 1908. At age 14 he sailed aboard the SS Mongolia to Los Angeles, California, where he found work in the mail room at Warner Bros. studios via a film editor friend. Sherman was credited for working on props on Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1928). Mack Sennett He worked as an assistant director on the Mack Sennett comedy The Lion and the House (1932), then the short feature Hypnotized (1932). He worked on the shorts A Wrestler's Bride (1933), The Plumber and the Lady (1933), Uncle Jake (1933), See You Tonight (1933), Husbands' Reunion (1933), and The Big Fibber (1933). Assistant Director Sherman went to\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Ipana is.", "output": "Ipana  was a toothpaste manufactured by Bristol-Myers Company."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dubai Media City (DMC), part of Dubai Holding, is a tax-free zone within Dubai, United Arab Emirates. History and profile The Dubai Media City was established and built in 2000 and inaugurated in January 2001 by the government of Dubai to boost UAE's media foothold. Since then, it has become a regional hub for media organizations including news agencies, publishing, online media, advertising, production, and broadcast facilities. The groundwork for infrastructure (such as fiber optic cables) was already in place for firms to set up easily and its visa and operational procedures are relaxed for firms operating within DMC. Dubai Media City has become a major hub for the media industry in the GCC and the Middle East, with more than 1,300 companies being registered under the Free Zone, from where they serve the entire region. It also houses the International Cricket Council, the governing body for the game of\n\nVibration isolation is the prevention of transmission of vibration from one component of a system to others parts of the same system, as in buildings or mechanical systems. Vibration is undesirable in many domains, primarily engineered systems and habitable spaces, and methods have been developed to prevent the transfer of vibration to such systems. Vibrations propagate via mechanical waves and certain mechanical linkages conduct vibrations more efficiently than others. Passive vibration isolation makes use of materials and mechanical linkages that absorb and damp these mechanical waves. Active vibration isolation involves sensors and actuators that produce disruptive interference that cancels-out incoming vibration. Passive isolation \"Passive vibration isolation\" refers to vibration isolation or mitigation of vibrations by passive techniques such as rubber pads or mechanical springs, as opposed to \"active vibration isolation\" or \"electronic force cancellation\" employing electric power, sensors, actuators, and control systems. Passive vibration isolation is a vast subject, since\n\nThe Lady and the Highwayman is a 1989 United Kingdom romantic adventure television film based on Barbara Cartland's 1952 romance novel Cupid Rides Pillion. The working title of the film was Dangerous Love. The film stars Hugh Grant (in one of his earliest appearances) as highwayman Silver Blade and Lysette Anthony as Lady Panthea Vyne. The film is a swashbuckling tale of romance, jealousy and betrayal set in England during the Restoration of Charles II, with Michael York as King Charles II of England. Emma Samms as Lady Castlemaine and Oliver Reed are supported by guest appearances by Robert Morley and John Mills. The Lady Castlemaine of the film, whose vendetta against Lady Panthea Vyne is forms part of the plot of the film, is based on the life of Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, one of King Charles II's mistresses and mother of several of his children. In\n\nQuestion: Tell me what The Lady and the Highwayman is.", "output": "The Lady and the Highwayman is a 1989 United Kingdom romantic adventure television film based on Barbara Cartland's 1952 romance novel  Cupid Rides Pillion."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Acadia University is a public, predominantly undergraduate university located in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada, with some graduate programs at the master's level and one at the doctoral level. The enabling legislation consists of the Acadia University Act and the Amended Acadia University Act 2000. The Wolfville Campus houses Acadia University Archives and the Acadia University Art Gallery. Acadia offers over 200 degree combinations in the faculties of arts, pure and applied science, professional studies, and theology. The student-faculty ratio is 15:1 and the average class size is 28. Open Acadia offers correspondence and distance education courses. , Jeffrey J. Hennessy is Acadia's 17th President and Vice Chancellor. History Acadia began as an extension of Horton Academy in 1828, which was founded in Horton, Nova Scotia, by Baptists from Nova Scotia and Queen's College in 1838, who will be gathered into the Canadian Baptists of Atlantic Canada (Canadian Baptist Ministries). It\n\nBoomsday was an annual fireworks celebration that took place on Labor Day weekend in Knoxville, Tennessee. It was the largest Labor Day firework show in the United States, and was considered a top attraction in the region. The event was held on Volunteer Landing and accompanied by live music and festivities. Boomsday's firework display attracted over 325,000 spectators every year. Fireworks were set off from the Henley Street Bridge (to a lesser extent Baptist Hospital and the Gay Street Bridge) and spectators could view the show from the riverfront, hillsides, or on boats from the Tennessee River. In 2006, Boomsday was expanded to a three-day event lasting through Labor Day weekend, causing Knoxville to lose money, and the city reverted to the one-day event in 2007. The fireworks display was choreographed to music with one such selection being Madonna's Lucky Star in which all the bursts were star shaped. The\n\n\"Parler tout bas\" (English: \"Speak Softly\") is the third single by Aliz\u00e9e released in April 2001. It featured an instrumental rendition of the song in addition to Aliz\u00e9e's solo rendering. Music video The video for the song features Aliz\u00e9e in an outdoors bedroom with toys and later, in a forest. The subject of the video seems to be the little teddy bear in her arms. Her act of burying the teddy bear (later in the video, while in the forest) could be a sign of leaving childlike innocence behind. The actor in the video (J\u00e9rome Devoise) also appeared in the video for \"Moi... Lolita\". The video premiered on 25 April 2001 and was directed by Laurent Boutonnat. It premiered on M6. Track listings CD single Polydor \"Parler tout bas\" \u2013 4:35 \"Parler tout bas\" (instrumental)\" \u2013 4:35 Digital download \"Parler tout bas\" \u2013 4:35 Charts, certifications, sales References 2001 singles\n\nQuestion: What is Parler tout bas?", "output": "\"Parler tout bas\" is the third single by Aliz\u00e9e released in April 2001."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Chip Fields is an American singer, actress, television director, and producer who has appeared in popular films, television shows, and Broadway theatre. She is best known for portraying Lynetta Gordon, the abusive birth mother of Penny Gordon Woods (played by Janet Jackson), in a four\u2013episode story arc (1977) of the 1970s sitcom Good Times. Career Fields began her career as a singer. She joined Ronnie Spector as a Ronette in 1973 and recorded two singles for Buddah Records. Fields began her acting career as an extra in the 1974 film Claudine. She has had numerous supporting roles and guest appearances on television. She played an unwed mother opposite Patty Weaver in the NBC television soap opera, Days of Our Lives. Also during the 1970s, she played the abusive birth mother of Millicent \"Penny\" Gordon Woods (Janet Jackson) on the sitcom Good Times. From 1978 to 1979, she played Rita Conway\n\nFools Garden (until 2003 known as Fool's Garden) is a German band formed in 1991 in the city of Pforzheim. The founders of the group and the only permanent members are vocalist Peter Freudenthaler and guitarist Volker Hinkel. In 1993, bassist Thomas Mangold, keyboardist Roland R\u00f6hl and drummer Ralf Wochele were invited to join Fool's Garden for recording of the first studio album Once in a Blue Moon. The band became famous worldwide in 1995 owing to the release of their third studio album Dish of the Day and, in particular, the song \"Lemon Tree\", which entered numerous music charts around the world and topped five of them. However, Fool's Garden was never able to repeat the success of their only hit. A series of failures to replicate the commercial success of Dish of the Day in 1997, 2000 and 2003 resulted in tension and disagreement amongst the band's members,\n\nA seqlock (short for sequence lock) is a special locking mechanism used in Linux for supporting fast writes of shared variables between two parallel operating system routines. The semantics stabilized as of version 2.5.59, and they are present in the 2.6.x stable kernel series. The seqlocks were developed by Stephen Hemminger and originally called frlocks, based on earlier work by Andrea Arcangeli. The first implementation was in the x86-64 time code where it was needed to synchronize with user space where it was not possible to use a real lock. It is a reader\u2013writer consistent mechanism which avoids the problem of writer starvation. A seqlock consists of storage for saving a sequence number in addition to a lock. The lock is to support synchronization between two writers and the counter is for indicating consistency in readers. In addition to updating the shared data, the writer increments the sequence number, both\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Chip Fields is.", "output": "Chip Fields is an American singer, actress, television director, and producer who has appeared in popular films, television shows, and Broadway theatre."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Stinky Puffs were an early 1990s rock band composed of seven-year-old Simon Fair Timony, then-stepson of Jad Fair, and Cody Linn Ranaldo, son of Sonic Youth guitarist Lee Ranaldo. After a 7\" single an LP followed in 1995 titled A Little Tiny Smelly Bit of...the Stinky Puffs and an EP in 1996 titled Songs and Advice for Kids Who Have Been Left Behind. Kurt Cobain, of the band Nirvana, was a fan of the band and friend of lead singer Timony. In Cobain's personal journal, he wrote a letter to Timony asking him to contribute artwork for what was to become In Utero. Timony also managed the fanclub of Nirvana. When he sold the fanclub-cards, he asked \"Send candy not money!\". The Stinky Puffs performed in 1994 at the indie rock festival Yoyo A Go Go in Olympia, Washington. Surviving Nirvana members Krist Novoselic and Dave Grohl played bass\n\nJohn Francis McElhone (born 21 April 1963 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a Scottish guitarist and songwriter. He has played with three bands who have enjoyed a top-20 presence in the UK Singles Chart; the new wave bands Altered Images and Hipsway, and the alternative/pop rock band Texas. Altered Images and Texas have had top-20 UK Albums Chart hits. McElhone contributed the musical part of co-writing the bulk of Texas's material. He is the son of Scottish Labour MPs Frank and Helen McElhone. He is the father of child actor Jack McElhone, who co-starred with Gerard Butler and Emily Mortimer in the 2004 film Dear Frankie. References External links IMDb Biography British Hit Singles - 14th Edition - The Guinness Book of British Hit Albums - 7th Edition - Guinness Rockopedia - The Great Rock Discography - 5th Edition - 1963 births Living people Scottish bass guitarists Musicians from Glasgow Scottish\n\nKaka Hathrasi (18 September 1906 \u2013 18 September 1995) was a Hindi satirist and humorist poet of India. Life and career Hathrasi was born as Prabhu Lal Garg. He wrote under the pen name Kaka Hathrasi. He chose \"Kaka\", as he played the character in a play which made him popular, and \"Hathrasi\" after the name of his hometown Hathras. He has 42 works to his credit, comprising a collection of humorous and satirical poems, prose and plays published by various publishers. He also wrote three books on Indian classical music under the pen name \"Vasant\". In 1932, he established Sangeet Karyalaya (initially Garg and Co.), a publishing house for the books on Indian classical music and dance and started publishing a monthly magazine Sangeet in 1935. Sangeet is the only periodical on Indian classical music and dance that has been continuously published for over 78 years. He was awarded\n\nQuestion: Who is Kaka Hathrasi", "output": "Kaka Hathrasi was a Hindi satirist and humorist poet of India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Montem Mound is an ancient mound of earth. It lies on Montem Lane, around half a mile west of central Slough, Berkshire, overlooking the Chalvey Brook, a minor tributary of the River Thames. The mound is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. The age of the mound was a matter of debate: Slough Museum was adamant that it is a Norman Motte and Bailey outpost from Windsor. Alternative theories suggested that it is a much older \"moot\" point - a gathering place, while parallels might perhaps be drawn with the Taplow Mound, although that lies on much higher land above the Thames. In her 1925 book 'Prehistoric London. Its Mounds and Circles' E.O. Gordon asserted that the Montem was an ancient site of druidic assembly. Until 1847, Eton College held an annual festival here, known as Eton Montem, also known as Salt Hill. In 2017, archaeologists from the University of Reading\n\nLofty's Roach Souffl\u00e9 is an instrumental album by American artist Harry Connick Jr., released in 1990. Presented as the Harry Connick Jr. Trio: Harry Connick Jr. (piano) Benjamin Jonah Wolfe (bass) Shannon Powell (drums) The album was released simultaneously as his big band album We Are in Love, and his home video debut entitled \"Singin' & Swingin'\". Track listing \"One Last Pitch\" (Harry Connick Jr., Joe Livingston) \u2013 6:27 \"Hudson Bommer\" (Connick) \u2013 5:13 \"Lonely Side\" (Connick) \u2013 8:15 \"Mr. Spill\" (Connick) \u2013 5:00 \"Lofty's Roach Souffl\u00e9\" (Connick) \u2013 5:23 \"Mary Ruth\" (Connick) \u2013 5:54 \"Harronymous\" (Connick) \u2013 5:22 \"One Last Pitch (Take Two)\" (Connick, Livingston) \u2013 3:26 \"Colomby Day\" (Connick) \u2013 6:06 \"Little Dancing Girl\" (Connick) \u2013 7:33 \"Bayou Maharajah\" (Connick) \u2013 4:41 Story of the album Lofty's Roach Souffle was inspired by Connick's experiences on the film Memphis Belle: \"In case you're curious about the title 'Lofty's Roach\n\nIn computing and telecommunication, a control character or non-printing character (NPC) is a code point in a character set that does not represent a written character or symbol. They are used as in-band signaling to cause effects other than the addition of a symbol to the text. All other characters are mainly graphic characters, also known as printing characters (or printable characters), except perhaps for \"space\" characters. In the ASCII standard there are 33 control characters, such as code 7, , which rings a terminal bell. History Procedural signs in Morse code are a form of control character. A form of control characters were introduced in the 1870 Baudot code: NUL and DEL. The 1901 Murray code added the carriage return (CR) and line feed (LF), and other versions of the Baudot code included other control characters. The bell character (BEL), which rang a bell to alert operators, was also\n\nQuestion: Define Control character.", "output": "In computing and telecommunication, a control character or non-printing character is a code point in a character set that does not represent a written character or symbol."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Peter Donald Beauchamp Hitchener, (born 21 February 1946) is an Australian television presenter with a 50-year career with the Nine Network and 58 years of news broadcasting experience. He has been the chief news presenter for GTV-9 of their flagship bulletin Nine News Melbourne since 1998, and prior to that was the weekend presenter. Career Originally from Texas in rural Queensland, Hitchener began his media career in 1965 at the Brisbane radio station 4BH where he wrote, edited and presented news bulletins. Hitchener then moved on to ABC Brisbane, where he undertook roles as a television news and radio presenter. Still at the ABC, he moved to Sydney in 1973, where he was a relief presenter on the evening news for James Dibble. Hitchener moved to the Nine Network after one year at ABC Sydney, presenting National Nine News first in Sydney and then in Melbourne as the co-anchor of\n\nThe Hanover Tache Junior Hockey League is a junior ice hockey league in Manitoba, Canada, sanctioned by Hockey Manitoba. It is the only Junior 'C' league in Manitoba, and as such, league champions are also named provincial Junior 'C' champions. History The HTJHL operates exclusively in the southeastern part of the province. It was created in 1987 to complement the now-defunct senior level Hanover-Tach\u00e9 Hockey League, which has since been succeeded by the Carillon Senior Hockey League. The number of teams has fluctuated throughout the years, with a high of ten teams competing in 2011-12. Steinbach Huskies are the most successful club claiming the HTJHL championship nine times (1989, 1990, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012, 2014, 2023). Teams * = team on hiatus Former/Inactive teams Beausejour-Brokenhead Shock (2010\u20132013) Grunthal Red Wings (1987\u20132017; 2018\u2013) \u00cele-des-Ch\u00eanes Elks (1987\u20132004) La Broquerie Habs (1987\u20132005; 2006\u201309; 2011\u201314; 2020\u2013) Landmark Blues (1987\u20131995; 2020\u2013) Mitchell Mohawks (1988\u20132019)\n\nPooh's Heffalump Halloween Movie (also known as Pooh's Heffalump Halloween: The Movie) is a 2005 American direct-to-video animated fantasy adventure comedy film produced by Walt Disney Pictures and DisneyToon Studios, featuring the characters from Winnie the Pooh franchise and it was the sequel to Pooh's Heffalump Movie. This was the final Winnie the Pooh film to be produced by DisneyToon Studios before they moved to Tinker Bell films. The film marked voice actor John Fiedler's final appearance as Piglet, as he died in two and a half months before the film's release. He died before completing his voice work, so Travis Oates was brought in to finish the remaining scenes (and received credit for \"additional voices\") and became Piglet's new official voice actor. It was followed by a television film produced by Walt Disney Television Animation and Polygon Pictures, Pooh's Super Sleuth Christmas Movie, released on November 20, 2007, an\n\nQuestion: What is Pooh's Heffalump Halloween Movie?", "output": "Pooh's Heffalump Halloween Movie is a 2005 American direct-to-video animated fantasy adventure comedy film produced by Walt Disney Pictures and DisneyToon Studios, featuring the characters from Winnie the Pooh franchise and it was the sequel to Pooh's Heffalump Movie."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Abadeh (, also Romanized as \u0100b\u0101deh) is a city in the Central District of Abadeh County, Fars province, Iran, serving as both capital of the district and of the county. At the 2006 National Census, its population was 52,042 in 14,184 households. The following census in 2011 counted 55,758 people in 16,546 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 59,116 people in 18,965 households. Abadeh is at an elevation of in a fertile plain on the high road between Isfahan and Shiraz, from the former and from the latter. At the 2006 census, its population was 52,042, in 14,184 families. As of 2009, the population was estimated to be 59,042. It is the largest city in the Northern Fars Region (South Central-Iran), which is famed for its carved wood-work, made of the wood of pear and box trees. Sesame oil, castor oil, grain, and various fruits are\n\nAlbert Delane Bemiller (April 18, 1938 \u2013 November 30, 2022) was an American professional football player who was an offensive lineman for the Buffalo Bills of the American Football League (AFL). He played college football at Syracuse University. He was a member of two AFL championships with the Bills and was inducted into the Greater Buffalo Hall of Fame in 2015. Buffalo Bills Bemiller was drafted as an offensive lineman by the Buffalo Bills in 1961, when he immediately became their starting center, replacing Dan McGrew, although the latter was the All-AFL 2nd team center in the Bills' inaugural season of 1960. During the 1961 season, Bemiller played in all 14 games, between fellow rookie Billy Shaw at left offensive guard and second year pro Chuck Muelhaupt at right guard, under head coach Buster Ramsey. In 1962, he continued to play center next to Shaw and new right guard Tom\n\nOffinso Municipal District is one of the forty-three districts in Ashanti Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988 when it was known as Offinso District, which it was created from the former Offinso District Council; until the northern part of the district was later split off to create Offinso North District on 29 February 2008; while the remaining part was elevated to municipal district assembly status on the same year to become Offinso Municipal District. The municipality is located in the northern part of Ashanti Region and has Offinso as its capital town. History In the early 18th century, the people of Offinso were regarded as one of the Ashanti Empire\u2019s strongest armies and played a role in the conquering of Denkyira, Akyem and Bono territory. Led by Nana Wiafe Akenten I, the second paramount chief of Offinso, they assisted in the Ashanti Empire\u2019s great expansion\n\nQuestion: What's Abadeh?", "output": "Abadeh is a city in the Central District of Abadeh County, Fars province, Iran, serving as both capital of the district and of the county."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "S\u00e1t\u00e1ntang\u00f3 (; meaning 'Satan's Tango') is a 1994 drama film directed by Hungarian filmmaker B\u00e9la Tarr. Shot in black-and-white and running for more than seven hours, it is based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Hungarian novelist L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Krasznahorkai, whose works Tarr has frequently adapted since his 1988 film Damnation. Tarr had hoped to make the film since 1985 but was unable to proceed with production due to the strict political environment in Hungary. S\u00e1t\u00e1ntang\u00f3 has received wide acclaim from film critics. In 2012, it appeared in the British Film Institute's Sight & Sound critics' top fifty films. Plot In a desolate Hungarian village, after the collapse of a collective farm, two people, Futaki and Mrs. Schmidt (\u00c9va Alm\u00e1ssy Albert), are in a romantic embrace when Futaki is awakened at dawn by the ringing of church bells. Mr. Schmidt (L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Lugossy) conspires with another co-worker named Kr\u00e1ner\n\nJo\u00e3o Pedro Ferreira Vilela (born 9 September 1985) is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. Club career A youth product of hometown's S.L. Benfica, joining at the age of nine, Lisbon-born Vilela was promoted to the main squad for the 2004\u201305 season, but only appeared in preseason for the club, joining Gil Vicente F.C. on loan in January 2006. On 26 March, he scored in a 1\u20131 home draw against Vit\u00f3ria S.C. in his fifth Primeira Liga game. With the Barcelos side now in the second division, the move was made permanent in the summer, and Vilela totalled 81 official appearances in three years, netting 12 times. In 2009 he signed with another team in that level, C.D. F\u00e1tima, returning to Gil Vicente the following year and contributing three goals in 25 matches (15 starts) in his second season for a return to the top\n\nBradley James Orr (born 1 November 1982) is an English retired footballer. Career Newcastle United & loans Born in Liverpool, Merseyside, Bradley Orr started his senior career with Newcastle United, and was loaned out to Burnley due to lack of opportunities in the first team. Bristol City Shortly after this loan period in July 2004, he signed for Bristol City. He scored his first goal for his new team against Yeovil Town. Although he was signed as a central midfielder, he was converted to right-back in 2005\u201306 and has played most of his games in that position. On 29 August 2006, Orr was sent off for attempting to head-butt his own teammate, Louis Carey, during a game against Northampton Town. On 1 September 2006, Orr was sentenced to 28 days in jail relating to an incident outside a Bristol nightclub the previous October. Also jailed in relation to the same\n\nQuestion: Who is Bradley Orr", "output": "Bradley James Orr is an English retired footballer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ballarat East (initially spelt Ballaarat East) was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria. Prior to its abolition, it was a 3,323 km\u00b2 part-urban and part-rural electorate covering areas to the east of the regional centre of Ballarat. It included the Ballarat suburbs of Ballarat East, Bakery Hill, Golden Point, Eureka, Canadian, Mount Pleasant, Mount Clear, Mount Helen and Warrenheip, and the rural towns of Ballan, Buninyong, Bungaree, Creswick, Daylesford, Dunnstown, Hepburn Springs, Kyneton, Lal Lal, Malmsbury, Meredith and Steiglitz. The electorate had a population of 54,127 as of the 2006 census, with 40,578 enrolled electors at the 2010 state election. Ballarat East was one of the earliest districts of the Legislative Assembly, having been created for the second Assembly election in 1859. It was initially a two-member seat, and as with the rest of the Assembly, was largely non-partisan until 1889, when it\n\nNothing Less Than Brilliant is a compilation album by the British singer Sandie Shaw. Released in 1994 by Virgin Records, it contains several new recordings of her hit singles from the 1960s as well as some in their original forms. It also featured some songs recorded in the 1980s. The album spent one week in November 1994 in the UK Albums Chart at number 64. Track listing \"Always Something There To Remind Me\" \"Long Live Love\" \"Girl Don't Come\" \"Message Understood\" \"Nothing Less Than Brilliant\" \"Hand in Glove\" \"Are You Ready To Be Heartbroken\" \"A Girl Called Johnny\" \"I'll Stop At Nothing\" \"Heaven Knows I'm Missing Him Now\" \"You've Not Changed\" \"Monsieur Dupont\" \"I Don't Owe You Anything\" \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" \"Comrade in Arms\" \"Hello Angel\" \"Strange Bedfellows\" \"Words\" \"Ev'rytime We Say Goodbye\" \"Your Time Is Gonna Come\" \"Frederick\" \"Please Help The Cause Against Loneliness\" \"Tomorrow\" \"Nothing Comes\n\nWilliam Churton (died December 1767) was an early North Carolina surveyor. Biography He moved to Great Britain's North American colonies in about 1749 as a surveyor and cartographer for the Granville District which included all of North Carolina north of the 35 degree, 34 minute parallel, a strip wide. This line had only been surveyed as far west as the Haw River at that time. The northern boundary, the Virginia line, had been run as far west as the Blue Ridge in present-day Stokes County by 1729. At that date, the entire area was still a part of Bertie County and extended west to the Pacific Ocean, the claims of the Spanish and French notwithstanding. In 1749, William Churton, and Crown lawyer Daniel Weldon, representing the interests of Lord Granville, along with Peter Jefferson and Joshua Fry, representing the interests of the Colony of Virginia, surveyed an additional westward of\n\nQuestion: What's Nothing Less Than Brilliant?", "output": "Nothing Less Than Brilliant is a compilation album by the British singer Sandie Shaw."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mal\u00e9 English School (M.E.S.) was a private school in Mal\u00e9, the capital of the Maldives. M.E.S was established on 10 April 1977. When it first opened it had 60 students and 2 permanent teachers, in 1998 it had over 2000 students and 60 teachers. The founders were Ahmed Zahir and Hussain Shibab of Maafannu Seena and Maafannu Kaly. Mr. Ali Musthafa became the principal in 1978. The school had received many achievements in Singing & Music, Literature and Sports. This school is no longer functioning. The Ministry of Education decided that the old M.E.S. building will be used for the newly made, Izzudheen School. Uniform Bodies Cadet Cadet activities began at the school on 17 May 1992, since then the activities had improved. M.E.S. Cadets had took part in national level celebrations by keeping pace with other participants of route marchers. M.E.S. cadets had participated in training camps organized by\n\nAlp Arslan, born Muhammad bin Dawud Chaghri, was the second sultan of the Seljuk Empire and great-grandson of Seljuk, the eponymous founder of the dynasty. He greatly expanded the Seljuk territory and consolidated his power, defeating rivals to the south and northwest, and his victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert, in 1071, ushered in the Turkmen settlement of Anatolia. Muhammad bin Dawud Chaghri's military prowess and fighting skills earned him the nickname Alp Arslan, which means \"Heroic Lion\" in Turkish. Early life Alp Arslan was the son of Chaghri and nephew of Tughril, the founding sultans of the Seljuk Empire. His grandfather was Mikail, who in turn was the son of the warlord Seljuk. He was the father of numerous children, including Malik-Shah I and Tutush I. It is unclear who the mother or mothers of his children were. He was known to have been married at\n\nIsak N Jiyeon (\uc774\uc0ad N \uc9c0\uc5f0) was a South Korean R&B duo formed by SM Entertainment in 2002. The duo released one album, Tell Me Baby, in September 2002 before disbanding two years later following Isak\u2019s departure. Later on, Jiyeon joined the line-up of SM's new girl group The Grace which debuted in 2005 while Isak continued to do a variety of work, such as being DJ and VJ for Arirang TV, MC work for various networks, and taking on small acting roles on network television. Members Kim Isak (\uae40\uc774\uc0ad) Lee Jiyeon (\uc774\uc9c0\uc5f0) Discography Studio album Tell Me Baby, released September 2002 Compilations 2003 Summer Vacation in SMTOWN.com 2004 Summer Vacation in SMTOWN.com External links Isak N Jiyeon Official homepage Isak N Jiyeon in empas people Isak N Jiyeon in EPG References SM Town South Korean girl groups South Korean contemporary R&B musical groups Musical groups established in 2002 Musical\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Mal\u00e9 English School is.", "output": "Mal\u00e9 English School was a private school in Mal\u00e9, the capital of the Maldives."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Saudi Telecommunication Company (stylized as stc; Arabic: \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629) is the Saudi digital enabler of telecommunications services in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and among the operators in the Middle East. The company offers landline and fixed infrastructure, mobile and data services. stc offers mobile, broadband and cloud computing services. The company invested in next-generation networks, or NGNs, upgraded to packet-based architecture where information, services and media can be carried across the network. Company history Saudi Telecommunication Company (STC) was established as a Saudi Joint Stock Company pursuant to Royal Decree No. M/35 dated April 21, 1998 which authorized the transfer of the Telegraph and Telephone division of the Ministry of Post, Telegraph and Telephone (MoPTT) with its various components and technical and administrative facilities, to the company, and in accordance with the Council of Ministers Resolution No. 213 dated April 20, 1998 which approved the company Articles of\n\nAlfred Hartley (11 April 1879 \u2013 9 October 1918) was a first-class cricketer who played for Lancashire. He was killed in action during World War I. Hartley was a solid, defensive right-handed opening batsman from the West Indies who had a fairly brief career in English county cricket. He made his first-class debut in 1907, made 1,000 runs at a respectable average in both 1908 and 1909, but only really came to the fore in 1910 when, with 1,585 runs at an average of nearly 37 runs per innings, he was selected for the Gentlemen v Players matches at The Oval and Lord's. He did little in the first match, but in the second, though scoring only 24 and 35, he impressed the editor of Wisden sufficiently to be named in the 1911 edition as one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year. His big innings of the season\n\nHelmsdale railway station is a railway station serving the village of Helmsdale in the Highland council area, northern Scotland. It is located on the Far North Line, between Brora and Kildonan, from Inverness. ScotRail, who manage the station, operate all services. History The Duke of Sutherland's Railway had opened between and (near Gartymore) on 1 November 1870. Extensions of this line southward to and northward to Helmsdale were opened on 19 June 1871. The station buildings were designed by the architect William Fowler. Another company, the Sutherland and Caithness Railway (S&CR), was authorised on 13 July 1871 to take over the powers of the projected Caithness Railway and link Helmsdale with that line at , and the S&CR opened on 28 July 1874. The station master's house on the platform was abandoned in the 1980s. In 2013 it was refitted as self-catering holiday accommodation. Accidents and incidents On 29 April\n\nQuestion: What is Helmsdale railway station?", "output": "Helmsdale railway station is a railway station serving the village of Helmsdale in the Highland council area, northern Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nigel Irens RDI is a leading yacht designer. Amongst his designs are the Adventurer, a 35m trimaran motor yacht which completed a record-breaking circumnavigation in 1998, and a 23 m sailing trimaran used by Ellen MacArthur to break the world record for solo circumnavigation in 2005. His design portfolio is wide-ranging, from record-breaking yachts to innovative cruising designs such as Roxane, and other sailing designs of traditional appearance such as the Westernman cutters \u2013 designed in association with the late Ed Burnett \u2013 or the launch Rangeboat, a 12m power craft also of traditional appearance. Typically, Irens' designs synthesise traditional forms with modern materials and methods of construction, with Carbon fibre masts, laminated frames, and epoxied strip wood strongly in evidence. For a while, when beginning his career as a yacht designer, Ed Burnett worked for Irens, and that led to a number of successful collaborations. They worked together on\n\nThe Gutshot Poker Club (also known as The Gutshot Poker Collective or simply The Gutshot) was a poker club, bar, restaurant and internet cafe located on Clerkenwell Road, London, England. The club opened in March 2004 and closed in 2007. It was founded by Barry Martin and Derek Kelly. The club ran poker ring games, and tournaments one to three times per day, and hosted four festivals of poker per annum. Amongst the successes achieved by members of the club are: Tiffany Williamson, 2005 World Series of Poker (WSOP) main event, 15th place ($400,000) Roland De Wolfe, World Poker Tour (WPT) fourth season Grand Prix de Paris winner (\u20ac479,680;) WPT fourth season championship, 3rd place ($1,025,505); European Poker Tour (EPT) third season Ireland winner (\u20ac554,300); 2007 Irish Poker Open, 2nd place (\u20ac325,000) Praz Bansi, 2006 World Series of Poker bracelet winner ($230,209) In addition to many English poker players, former\n\nKLIF-FM (93.3 MHz, \"Hot 93.3\") is a commercial radio station licensed to Haltom City, Texas, and serving the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. The station is owned by Cumulus Media, and the broadcast license is held by Radio License Holding SRC LLC. It broadcasts a hot adult contemporary radio format, mainly focusing on hits from the 1990s and 2000s while also playing some songs from the 1980s, 2010s and today. The studios and offices are in the Victory Park district in Dallas just north of downtown. The KLIF call sign has a long history of being associated with CHR/Top 40 music; the original KLIF (at 1190 AM) was Dallas/Fort Worth's most popular Top 40 music station in the 1960s and 1970s. KLIF-FM's transmitter site is on Singleton Boulevard in West Dallas near the I-30/Loop 12 interchange. It has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 50,000 watts, with its tower at 120 meters\n\nQuestion: What is Gutshot Poker Club?", "output": "The Gutshot Poker Club was a poker club, bar, restaurant and internet cafe located on Clerkenwell Road, London, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ant\u00f3nio Manuel Soares dos Reis (Vila Nova de Gaia, 14 October 1847 - Vila Nova de Gaia, 16 February 1889) was a Portuguese sculptor. Studies He first studied at the Portuense Academy of Fine Arts, where he graduated in sculpture in 1867. He studied at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts in Paris, from 1867 to 1870, where he achieved several prizes, and in Rome (1871\u20131872). It was there that he executed his finest work, in Carrara marble, the acclaimed \"O Desterrado\" (\"The Exiled\"), a touching image of neoclassical, romantic and realist resemblances, that is the masterpiece of Portuguese sculpture. After returning to Portugal, he returned to Porto, where he taught at the Portuense Academy of Fine Arts. Misunderstood and little credited in life, he committed suicide, aged only 41. He is considered, by far, one of the leading names in Portuguese realist sculpture. Fame The finest collection of his pieces is\n\nCherryvalley is a former electoral ward of Belfast City Council, Northern Ireland. Along with neighbouring Stormont and Malone in south Belfast, Cherryvalley is considered one of Northern Ireland's most affluent and exclusive residential areas with average house prices reaching \u00a32-3m. Cherryvalley was also an electoral ward of East Belfast which was created in 1985 in order to reduce the electorates of the neighbouring Stormont and Shandon wards. The residents of the area have long been the subject of jest in Northern Ireland, being seen to talk with an affected posh accent. This was popularised by the comedian James Young with his \"Cherryvalley Lady\" sketch, comparable to the English Hyacinth Bucket. During World War II German prisoners of war were interned in the area, on the site now occupied by the headquarters of the Police Service of Northern Ireland. In 2005 a property in the area, which was owned by estate\n\nTimocrates of Rhodes () was a Rhodian Greek sent by the Persian satrap Pharnabazus in 396 or 395 BC to distribute money to Greek city states and foment opposition to Sparta. He visited Athens, Thebes, Corinth, and Argos. His encouragement prompted Thebes to provoke Sparta into war, beginning the Corinthian War, which dragged on from 395 to 387 BC. The primary aim of Timocrates' mission, which he accomplished, was to force the withdrawal of the Spartan king Agesilaus and his army from Ionia. Timocrates's success in this mission was the basis for the famous statement, recorded by Plutarch, that \"a thousand Persian archers had driven [Agesilaus] out of Asia,\" referring to the archer that was stamped on Persian gold coins. Notes References Fine, John V.A. The Ancient Greeks: A critical history (Harvard University Press, 1983) Plutarch, Life of Agesilaus 4th-century BC Rhodians People of the Corinthian War Medism Ancient Greek\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Ant\u00f3nio Soares dos Reis is.", "output": "Ant\u00f3nio Manuel Soares dos Reis was a Portuguese sculptor."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "M'saken ( Ms\u0101kan; also spelled Masakin, Msaken) is a town in north-eastern Tunisia, close to Sousse. Etymology The origin of the word comes from \"Msaken\" masken (plural masken) meaning \"habitat\", \"house\" or \"dwelling\". This refers to \"Houses of honorable people\" (Masken el achraf) Administration The town is the administrative center of a \"delegation\" (district) of the same name, which at the 2014 Census had a population of 97,225. Municipality M'saken municipality was found in 19 February 1921. The actual municipal council was elected in the Local elections of Tunisia on 9 May 2018. Its composition by party is as follows: Villages and towns of Delegation The following villages and Towns are part of M'saken delegation Notable people Habib Chatti, Politician, Diplomat Karim Krifa, Politician. Zied Ladhari, Politician. Zoubeir Baya, Football player Sa\u00eff Ghezal, Football player. Ridha Layouni: President of Association of National Olympic Academies of Africa (AANOA) and Former Tunisian\n\nSure\u015bvara (also known as Sure\u015bvar\u0101c\u0101rya, was a 9th-century Indian philosopher, who studied under \u015aankara. \u015aankara is said to have entrusted to Sure\u015bvara his first monastic institution, the Sringeri Sharada Peetham. Sure\u015bvara is believed to have founded the famous Naduvil Matham in Thrissur. Life Little is known for sure about Sure\u015bvara's life. According to a strong tradition within Advaita Ved\u0101nta, before he became a disciple of \u015aankara, Sure\u015bvara was known as Ma\u1e47\u1e0dana Mi\u015bra, a M\u012bm\u0101ms\u0101ka. After being defeated in a debate by \u015aankara, Mi\u015bra renounced his life as a householder and became a sanny\u0101sin. Whether this Ma\u1e47\u1e0dana Mi\u015bra was the same as the author of Brahmasiddhi is questioned by modern scholars on the basis of textual analysis. Sure\u015bvara was the Advaita tradition's V\u0101rttikak\u0101ra (commentator), meticulously and critically examining \u015aankara's work. In his non-commentary work, the Nai\u1e63karmyasiddhi, he presents Avdaita philosophy clearly and simply. Identification with Ma\u1e47\u1e0dana Mi\u015bra Ma\u1e47\u1e0dana Mi\u015bra has often\n\nZion Lodge is located in Zion National Park, Utah, United States. The lodge was designed in 1924 as a compromise solution between its developer, the Utah Parks Company, which wanted a large hotel, and National Park Service director Stephen Mather, who desired smaller-scale development. The Utah Parks Company had been formed in 1923 as a subsidiary of the Union Pacific Railroad, and was, like many similar programs, intended to stimulate passenger rail traffic to the national parks of southwest Utah. Gilbert Stanley Underwood designed the Zion Lodge as part of a series of similar structures for the Utah Parks Company at the north rim of the Grand Canyon and at Bryce Canyon National Park. Underwood's design was more modest in scale and detailing than those at the Grand Canyon and Bryce, substituting milled lumber for whole logs in a \"studs-out\" style. Underwood used less stonework, in smaller pieces. The structures\n\nQuestion: Define Zion Lodge.", "output": "Zion Lodge is located in Zion National Park, Utah, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Whortle's Hope is a dark fantasy novel for children by British author Robin Jarvis. It is the second book in The Deptford Mouselets series, prequels to Jarvis's Deptford Mice trilogy aimed at a slightly younger audience. It was first published in the United Kingdom in 2007. The story focuses on Whortle Nep, a fieldmouse who was a minor character in The Crystal Prison, and is set a year prior to that book's events. Synopsis In the story, which takes place in the summer before the events of The Crystal Prison, it is almost the time of the Fennywolde games, when the young field mice compete to see who will have the honour of being the head sentry of the cornfield for the entire summer. Young Whortle longs to win the competition, but not if it means his friends are going to sabotage the other competitor's chances. He wants to win\n\nThe Hungarian Air Force (), is the air force branch of the Hungarian Defence Forces. The task of the current Hungarian Air Force is primarily defensive purposes. The flying units of the air force are organised into a single command; under the Air Command and Control Centre. History 1918 to pre\u2013World War II Following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1918, a small air arm was established operating surviving aircraft from Hungarian factories and training schools. This air arm became the Hungarian Red Air Force under the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, but was disbanded upon its downfall. World War II Under the Treaty of Trianon (1920), Hungary was forbidden from owning military aircraft. However, a secret air arm was gradually established under the cover of civilian flying clubs. During 1938, as a result of the Bled agreement, the existence of the Royal Hungarian Air Force (), was made known.\n\nC\u00e9dric Grand (born 14 January 1976) is a Swiss bobsledder who competed from 1997 to 2010. Competing in four Winter Olympics, he won a bronze medal in the four-man event at Turin in 2006. He was born in Geneva. Grand also won four medals at the FIBT World Championships with two golds (two-man: 2009, four-man: 2007) and two silvers (two-man: 2001, mixed team: 2009). Prior to his bobsledding career he competed in track and field. He was the 100 metres bronze medallist at the 1993 European Youth Olympic Days. He is the Switzerland record holder indoor over 60 metres with 6.60 seconds. References External links Bobsleigh four-man Olympic medalists for 1924, 1932-56, and since 1964 Bobsleigh two-man world championship medalists since 1931 Bobsleigh four-man world championship medalists since 1930 \"C\u00e9dric Grand retired\". International Bobsleigh & Skeleton Federation. (14 October 2010 article accessed 19 October 2010.) 1976 births Living people Swiss\n\nQuestion: Who is C\u00e9dric Grand?", "output": "C\u00e9dric Grand is a Swiss bobsledder who competed from 1997 to 2010."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Super Colossal is the eleventh studio album by guitarist Joe Satriani, released on March 14, 2006, through Epic Records. The album reached No. 86 on the U.S. Billboard 200 and remained on that chart for two weeks, as well as reaching the top 100 in three other countries. Super Colossal was nominated for Best Rock Instrumental Performance at the 2007 Grammy Awards, Satriani's thirteenth such nomination. Release and touring Recording for Super Colossal began around September 2005 and the title was announced on February 2, 2006. Touring began in North America from March to May 2006, followed by Europe from June to July. Overview Satriani provides detailed explanations of the story behind each track in the album's liner notes. \"Crowd Chant\" was originally going to be named \"Party on the Enterprise\" with sampled sounds of the Enterprise spacecraft from the Star Trek series. However, prior to the album's release, Satriani\n\nMad Gab is a board game involving words. At least two teams of 2\u201312 players have two minutes to sound out three puzzles. The puzzles are known as mondegreens and contain small words that, when put together, make a word or phrase. For example, \"These If Hill Wore\" when pronounced quickly sounds like \"The Civil War\". There are two levels, easy and hard. The faster the puzzles are answered, the more points the players score. This game uses phonetics, which is a branch of linguistics. This game is a test for the human brain to process sounds based on simpler English-written sounds into a meaningful word or phrase. The game is designed where a person would not be able to decode the meaning of the phrase unless spoken out loud and listened; reading the phrase silently will not allow the player to decode the meaning because sounds would have to\n\nAchill Island (; ) is the largest of the Irish isles and lies off the west coast of Ireland in County Mayo. It has a population of 2,345. Its area is . Achill is attached to the mainland by Michael Davitt Bridge, between the villages of Achill Sound and Polranny. A bridge was first completed here in 1887. Other centres of population include the villages of Keel, Dooagh, Dooega, Dooniver, and Dugort. The parish's main Gaelic football pitch and secondary school are on the mainland at Polranny. Early human settlements are believed to have been established on Achill around 3000 BC. The island is 87% peat bog. The parish of Achill consists of Achill Island, Achillbeg, Inishbiggle and the Corraun Peninsula. Roughly half of the island, including the villages of Achill Sound and Bunacurry are in the Gaeltacht (traditional Irish-speaking region) of Ireland, although the vast majority of the island's\n\nQuestion: What's Mad Gab?", "output": "Mad Gab is a board game involving words."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Gove Australian Football League is an Australian rules football league based on the Gove Peninsula in the Northern Territory. Clubs Current Former Premiers 1974 NO FINALS PLAYED 1975 DJARRAK FC 1976 CATS FC 1977 SOUTH ARNHEM FC 1978 CATS FC 1979 CATS FC 1980 DJARRAK FC 1981 DJARRAK FC 1982 SOUTH ARNHEM FC 1983 CATS FC 1984 CATS FC 1985 SOUTH ARNHEM FC 1986 CATS FC 1987 WALKABOUT FC 1988 CATS FC 1989 WALKABOUT FC 1990 GOPU FC 1991 WALKABOUT FC 1992 WALKABOUT FC 1993 CATS FC 1994 GOPU FC 1995 GOPU FC 1996 GOPU FC 1997 GALUPU FC 1998 GOPU FC 1999 NHULUNBUY FC 2000 DJARRAK FC 2001 GOPU FC 2002 GOPU FC 2003 NGUYKAL FC 2004 NHULUNBUY FC 2005 NHULUNBUY FC 2006 NHULUNBUY FC 2007 BAYWARA FC 2008 GOPU FC 2009 DJARRAK FC 2010 GOPU FC 2011 GOPU FC 2012 GOPU FC 2013 NGUYKAL FC 2014 NGUYKAL\n\nGeorge Edward Anderson (October 28, 1860 \u2013 May 9, 1928) was an early American photographer known for his portraiture and documentary photographs of early historical sites of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and Utah settlements. Biography George Edward Anderson was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, and apprenticed as a teenager under photographer Charles Roscoe Savage. At Savage's Art Bazar Studio, Anderson became friends with fellow apprentices John Hafen and John F. Bennett. Hafen later become an accomplished artist and Bennett was instrumental in preserving Anderson's glass plate negatives. At seventeen, Anderson established his photography studio in Salt Lake City with his brothers, Stanley and Adam. The railroad allowed Anderson to establish tent studios in Manti, Utah, Springville, Utah, and Nephi, Utah. In 1886 Anderson opened a stationary studio he named Temple Bazar in Manti where the LDS Church was building a new temple. While\n\nKalyandev ji Maharaj (26 June 1876 (claimed) \u2013 14 July 2004), known as Swami Kalyandev, was an Indian-born ascetic who was awarded the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award in India, for his social work in the villages of India. Biography Swami Kalyandev was born as Kaluram on the claimed date of 26 June 1876, in the village of Kotana, Bagpat district, Uttar Pradesh and grew up in Mundbhar, Muzaffarnagar. In his youth, he traveled to Ayodhya and Haridwar. While in Haridwar he heard of Swami Vivekananda's visit to Khetri, and traveled there to meet him. On his return from Khetri, Kalyandev became the disciple of Swami Purnananda of Muni Ki Reti, Rishikesh. Purananda named him Swami Kalyandev. Kalyandev did tapasya in the Himalayas for a few years but then decided to help the poor people of his region. Kalyandev established almost three hundred schools and medical facilities for\n\nQuestion: What's Swami Kalyandev?", "output": "Kalyandev ji Maharaj \u2013 14 July 2004), known as Swami Kalyandev, was an Indian-born ascetic who was awarded the Padma Bhushan, the third highest civilian award in India, for his social work in the villages of India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Aurelian \"Grizzly\" Smith (August 1, 1932 \u2013 June 12, 2010) was an American professional wrestler. He was the father of professional wrestlers Jake \"The Snake\" Roberts, Rockin' Robin, and Sam Houston. Smith began wrestling in 1958. After retiring in the late-1970s, he held various backstage positions with promotions including Mid-South Wrestling, the World Wrestling Federation, and World Championship Wrestling. Smith has been the subject of allegations of repeated sexual abuse of minors, including several of his own children. His most famous son, Jake the Snake, was the result of Smith's rape of his mother. Professional wrestling career Smith began competing in professional wrestling in Texas, but he worked on an oilfield part-time as well. Smith also competed in Georgia, where he challenged Freddie Blassie for the NWA Georgia World Heavyweight Championship but was unable to win the title belt. While wrestling in Texas, Smith met Luke Brown, who he followed\n\nOpus One Winery is a winery in Oakville, California, United States. The wine was called napamedoc until 1982 when it was named Opus One. The winery was founded as a joint venture between Baron Philippe de Rothschild of Ch\u00e2teau Mouton Rothschild and Robert Mondavi to create a single Bordeaux style blend based upon Napa Valley Cabernet Sauvignon. It is located across State Route 29 from the Robert Mondavi Winery. The creation of this winery venture in 1980 was big news in the wine industry; de Rothschild's involvement added an air of respectability to the burgeoning Napa wine region. The first vintage, 1979 was released in 1984 at the same time as the 1980 vintage. For a while it was the most expensive Californian wine, and to date still ranks among the most expensive red wines produced in the Napa Valley, with the 2014 vintage retailing for $325 per bottle. In\n\nThe National Coalition for Men (NCFM), formerly the National Coalition of Free Men, is a non-profit educational and civil rights organization which aims to address the ways sex discrimination affects men and boys. The organization has sponsored conferences, adult education, demonstrations and lawsuits. NCFM is the United States' oldest generalist men's rights organization. It professes to being politically neutral, neither conservative nor liberal. Foundation Free Men, Inc. was founded in Columbia, Maryland in January 1977. The name \"Free Men\" was used as an imperative (as in Free Men from unfair divorce laws). By-laws were formally adopted in July. The four founding members were: Richard Haddad, Dennis Gilbert, Allan Scheib and Allen Foreman. Richard Haddad authored the \"Free Men Philosophy\" which included 26 items from which he felt men should be freed. These represented options. The first newsletter was named \"Options\". This early chapter concentrated on forming \"support groups\" for men\n\nQuestion: What is Opus One Winery?", "output": "Opus One Winery is a winery in Oakville, California, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bernard Hollander (1864 \u2013 6 February 1934) was a London psychiatrist and one of the main proponents of the new interest in phrenology in the early 20th century. Life and work Hollander was born in Vienna, and settled in London in 1883, where he attended King's College. After graduation he was appointed to the post of physician at the British Hospital for Mental Disorders and Brain Diseases. Hollander was naturalized a British citizen in 1894. Hollander first received critical acclaim for his Positive Philosophy of the Mind (L. N. Fowler, 1891). His main works, The Mental Function of the Brain (1901) and Scientific Phrenology (1902), are an appraisal of the teachings of Franz Joseph Gall. Hollander also introduced a quantitative approach to the phrenological diagnosis, defining a methodology for measuring the skull and comparing the measurements with statistical averages. Hollander founded the Ethological Society, and was the first editor of\n\nMiriodor is a Canadian musical group in the genre of Rock in Opposition; the band combines jazz, progressive rock and chamber music into a powerful sound reminiscent of artists like Univers Z\u00e9ro or Art Zoyd. History Miriodor was founded by Fran\u00e7ois \u00c9mond and Pascal Globensky in 1980. By 1983 the band consisted of \u00c9mond (violin, flute, keyboards, clarinet), Globensky (keyboards, acoustic guitar), R\u00e9mi Leclerc (percussion), Sabin Hudon (saxophone), Denis Robitaille (guitar, bass, vocals) and Marc Petitclerc (keyboards). In 1986, this line-up independently released the album Rencontres. In 1984, \u00c9mond, Globensky, Leclerc and Hudon moved to Montreal, and began recording. One song, \u201cMiddle Ages\u201d, appeared in the audio magazine R\u0113R Quarterly. In 1987, they independently released two albums: Tot Ou Tard and Metam Orpho Sis. \u00c9mond left the band in 1987. In 1988, the band was signed by Cuneiform Records and recorded the album Miriodor, which included many of their previously-published\n\nThe Monk's Wall nature reserve is located a short distance from the quay in Sandwich, Kent and is ideal for seeing wild duck and other wildlife in a wetland habitat. The reserve was opened by celebrity bird-watcher Bill Oddie in May 2000. Sandwich Bay Bird Observatory Trust proposed the design and a management plan which included modifications to ditches and control of water levels to create ecological conditions that attract wetland species of plants, animals and birds. Historically the land was reclaimed from the river and sea by the monks of Sandwich and the northern boundary is still the old Monks' wall of the 13th century. In the 1953 floods the sea covered the whole area around Sandwich and after these fields were drained a new river bank was created and the land ploughed for arable farming with heavy use of fertiliser. The site covers and attracts many rare and\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Miriodor is.", "output": "Miriodor is a Canadian musical group in the genre of Rock in Opposition; the band combines jazz, progressive rock and chamber music into a powerful sound reminiscent of artists like Univers Z\u00e9ro or Art Zoyd."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Pasquale Foggia (; born 3 June 1983) is an Italian football manager and former player, who played as a left winger or attacking midfielder. A quick and creative player, he was predominantly known for his dribbling skills and his ability to create chances for teammates. Club career Born in Naples, Italy, Foggia started playing football at a young age for local Neapolitan side Cral Banco di Napoli. He was then spotted by Padova and spent some time in their youth system before briefly playing in AC Milan's youth team before being involved in two long-term co-ownership deals (with Empoli and Treviso). Professionally, he made his debut with Serie C1 side Treviso in 2000. Foggia played for three seasons with Treviso, gaining his first honour by helping the club to promotion into Serie B during 2003. A move to Serie A side Empoli followed, it was during the 2003\u201304 season that\n\nLambertschaag is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Medemblik, and lies about 12 km north of Hoorn. The village of Lambertschaag is built along one road, going from Abbekerk on the south to the Wieringermeer polder on the north. History The village was first mentioned around 1312 as Lambrechtscoch, and is a combination of \"land on water\" and Lambert of Maastricht, the patron saint of the village. Lambertschaag developed in the late-11th century as a peat excavation village of Abbekerk. It used to have a little fishing harbour until the Wieringermeer was poldered between 1929 and 1930. The former Dutch Reformed church which is colloquially called the green church is a single aisled with a wooden ridge turret. It dates from around 1500. The ridge turret was added around 1740. The church is nowadays used for cultural activities, expositions\n\nHeimbach is a town in the district of D\u00fcren of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the river Rur, in the Eifel hills, approx. 20 km south of D\u00fcren. Heimbach has the smallest population of any town in North Rhine-Westphalia. The districts of the city are Blens (290 residents), D\u00fcttling (80 residents), Hasenfeld (1200 residents), Hausen (290 residents), Hergarten (600 residents) and Vlatten (1000 residents), which prior to 1972 were villages with their own administration. Between Hausen and Hergarten lies the hamlet of Walbig, and between Hasenfeld and Schmidt (City of Nideggen) is the hamlet of Buschfelder Hof, which formerly belonged to Blens. History Heimbach and the city's Hengebach Castle was the seat of the local noble family which inherited the County of J\u00fclich in 1207, with Heimbach annexed to the County (later the Duchy) since 1237. After the fire of 1687 the city of Heimbach\n\nQuestion: Who was Pasquale Foggia?", "output": "Pasquale Foggia is an Italian football manager and former player, who played as a left winger or attacking midfielder."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\u017dalgiris Stadium () was a multi-purpose stadium in \u017dirm\u016bnai elderate of Vilnius, Lithuania. The stadium held 15,029 and was the largest in Lithuania until its demolition. It had been built on the desecrated graves of Jews interred in the Old Jewish Cemetery under the stadium. It was named after the Battle of Grunwald and was rebuilt by the German POWs after World War II and finished in 1950 (the stadium existed already before World War II and was used by Pogo\u0144 Wilno; in 1936 the Polish athletics championships were held at the stadium). After independence it was used by the Lithuania national football team, but later it lost its meaning as the national stadium and all the international football matches were played either at Darius and Gir\u0117nas Stadium in Kaunas or at the renovated LFF Stadium in Vilnius. In 2015, the stadium was sold to Lithuanian real estate company Hanner\n\nKisan Baburao \"Anna\" Hazare (; born 15 June 1937) is an Indian social activist who led movements to promote rural development, increase government transparency, and investigate and punish corruption in public life. In addition to organising and encouraging grassroots movements, Hazare frequently conducted hunger strikes to further his causes\u2014a tactic reminiscent, to many, of the work of Mahatma Gandhi. Hazare also contributed to the development and structuring of Ralegan Siddhi, a village in Parner taluka of Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra, India. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan\u2014the third-highest civilian award\u2014by the Government of India in 1992 for his efforts in establishing this village as a model for others. Hazare started a hunger strike on 5 April 2011 to exert pressure on the Indian government to enact a stringent anti-corruption law, The Lokpal Bill, 2011 as envisaged in the Jan Lokpal Bill, for the institution of an ombudsman with the power to\n\n\"Semi-Charmed Life\" is a song by American rock band Third Eye Blind from their eponymous debut studio album (1997). It was released to modern rock radio as the lead single from the album on February 18, 1997, by Elektra Records. Frontman Stephan Jenkins is credited as the sole writer of the song, although guitarist Kevin Cadogan has disputed the song's authorship through litigation. The song was produced by Jenkins and Eric Valentine. An alternative rock and power pop song with a rap-influenced singing style, the lyrics of \"Semi-Charmed Life\" concern a crystal meth addiction and transition periods in one's life. \"Semi-Charmed Life\" was one of the first demos recorded for Third Eye Blind, in which it went through five iterations before the band settled on its final mix. Valentine recorded and mixed the song in and around San Francisco at Toast Studios, Skywalker Ranch, H.O.S., and The Site. The instrumentation\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Anna Hazare.", "output": "Kisan Baburao \"Anna\" Hazare is an Indian social activist who led movements to promote rural development, increase government transparency, and investigate and punish corruption in public life."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Garland \"Jake\" Stahl (April 13, 1879 \u2013 September 18, 1922) was an American first baseman and manager in Major League Baseball with the Boston Red Sox, Washington Senators, and New York Highlanders. Biography A graduate of the University of Illinois, he was a member of the Kappa Kappa chapter of Sigma Chi. Stahl began his baseball career as a catcher with the Boston Americans in 1903, before being purchased by the Washington Senators, where he moved to first base full-time, with occasional stints in the outfield. He was purchased from the Senators by the Chicago White Sox in May 1907, although he did not play that year. In October, the White Sox traded him to the New York Highlanders in a three-team trade, with Frank LaPorte going from the Highlanders to the Americans and Freddy Parent going from the Americans to the White Sox. In July 1908, he was purchased\n\nThe Adinath Sampradaya was a sadhu sub-sect of the greater Nath tradition. Followers of this tradition were given Sannyasa diksha, thus renouncing householder life, and thereafter lived as naked sadhus. Believing that sadhus should live alone until they had attained the goal, they lived in caves, huts, ruined buildings, or empty houses, and always away from towns and villages. Reference to the Adinath Sampradaya is pointed out by Rajmohan Nath (1964) who lists them among the twelve traditional sub-sects of the Nath Sampradaya. The Adinath Sampradaya is also listed among the sub-divisions of Nath sects in the Census Report, Punjab, 1891, p. 114. The last sadhu holding authentic guru status in the Adinath Sampradaya was Shri Gurudev Mahendranath, who died in 1991. Though he created, and gave Diksha into, a western householder variant of the Nath Tradition, he intentionally terminated the Adinath Sampradaya by refusing to bestow sannyasa diksha, an\n\nFrancis John Schweihs (February 7, 1932 \u2013 July 23, 2008), aka \"Frank the German\", was an American gangster, who worked for The Outfit, the organized crime family of Chicago. At the time of his death, federal prosecutors planned to indict him for numerous crimes, including murder. It is believed he had participated in, or had knowledge of, many murders going back decades, including brothers Anthony \"Tony the Ant\" Spilotro and Michael Spilotro, Allen Dorfman of the Teamsters Union, a disgraced Chicago cop, Outfit associate and informant Dick Cain, Outfit boss Salvatore \"Sam,\" \"Mooney\" Giancana, loanshark Sam \"Mad Sam\" DeStefano, Outfit hitman Charles \"Chuckie\" Nicoletti and others. Schweihs had been convicted of extortion in 1989 and was sentenced to 13-years-and-one-month in prison and was ordered to pay $42,900 in fines and restitution. Schweihs operated with several crews, one of them the \"Chinatown Crew\" also known as the \"26th Street Crew.\" Its\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Jake Stahl is.", "output": "Garland \"Jake\" Stahl was an American first baseman and manager in Major League Baseball with the Boston Red Sox, Washington Senators, and New York Highlanders."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Catholic Church in Madagascar is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome. In 2020, just over a quarter of the population of Madagascar was Catholic. There were almost 2,000 priests and over 5,000 nuns working across 478 parishes. There are 22 dioceses including five archdioceses. Below is a list of the archdioceses dioceses, and the archbishops and bishops of each. Antananarivo \u2013 Odon Marie Ars\u00e8ne Razanakolona Antsirabe \u2013 Philippe Ranaivomanana Miarinarivo \u2013 Jean Claude Randrianarisoa Tsiroanomandidy \u2013 Gustavo Bombin Espino Antsiranana \u2013 Michel Malo Ambanja \u2013 Rosario Saro Vella, S.D.B. Mahajanga \u2013 Joseph Ignace Randrianasolo Port-Berg\u00e9 \u2013 Georges Varkey Puthiyakulangara Fianarantsoa \u2013 Fulgence Rabemahafaly Ambositra \u2013 Fidelis Rakotonarivo Farafangana \u2013 Benjamin Marc Ramaroson Ihosy \u2013 Philippe Ranaivomanana Mananjary \u2013 Jos\u00e9 Alfredo Caires de Nobrega Toamasina \u2013 Desire Tsarahazana Ambatondrazaka \u2013 Antoine Scopelliti Fenoarivo Atsinanana \u2013 Marcellin Randriamamonjy Moramanga \u2013 Gaetano Di\n\nIn film, specifically animation, a leica reel (also known as story reel or animatic) is a type of storyboarding device used in the production of potential series or features. Unlike actual storyboards or pitches, leica reels (when made) are used later in the development process, usually after voice actors have been hired and recorded, and thus are not used for selling or marketing the project. The term \"leica reel\" is derived from the German camera brand \" Leica\" initially used to develop these filmed storyboards. A leica reel is made from animated stills or preliminary artwork or storyboard frames. These are then arranged with recorded material. The specific recorded material used can occasionally be the entire soundtrack of the film, where sound editing has already occurred, though in many cases it is only the vocal soundtrack (in various states of completion) along with a selection of sound effects. See also\n\nEurimages is a cultural support fund of the Council of Europe, established in 1989. Eurimages promotes independent filmmaking by providing financial support to feature-length fiction, animation, and documentary films. In doing so, it encourages co-operation between professionals across Europe. Eurimages is headquartered in Strasbourg, France in the Agora building of the Council of Europe. The current Chairperson is Catherine Trautmann. Purpose The fund was created in 1988 within the framework of the Council of Europe, as a Partial Agreement, under Committee of Ministers Resolution (88) 15, with an independent budget of 21M \u20ac. It currently includes 38 of the 47 member states of the Council of Europe, plus Argentina and Canada as associate members. Eurimages aims to promote the European film industry by encouraging the production and distribution of films and fostering co-operation between professionals. Eurimages has a clear cultural aim and is complementary to the Media programme of the\n\nQuestion: What's Eurimages?", "output": "Eurimages is a cultural support fund of the Council of Europe, established in 1989."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Andr\u00e9 Lange (; born 28 June 1973) is a retired German bobsledder and one of the most successful bob pilots of all time. Competing at the 2002, 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics, he has won four gold and one silver medals. Lange originally started his sledding career as a luger, taking up bobsleigh in 1993. At the 2002 Winter Olympics, Lange won the four-man event with teammates Carsten Embach, Enrico K\u00fchn and Kevin Kuske. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Lange also won gold in the four-man event with teammates Kevin Kuske, Ren\u00e9 Hoppe and Martin Putze, in addition to winning the two-man event with Kuske. He competed in the 2010 Winter Olympics, winning gold in the two-man and silver in the four-man events. Lange also won fourteen medals at the FIBT World Championships with eight golds (Two-man: 2003, 2007, 2008; Four-man: 2000, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008), four silvers (Two-man: 2000,\n\nJean Baptiste Fran\u00e7ois Carteaux (31 January 1751 \u2013 12 April 1813) was a French painter who became a General in the French Revolutionary Army. He is notable chiefly for being the young Napoleon Bonaparte's commander at the siege of Toulon in 1793. History Born in 1751, Carteaux followed the career of a painter, producing several works including a portrait of King Louis XVI on horseback. Following the French Revolution, he became a General and given a command of the Army of the Alps, despite the fact he had achieved no military training. Soon after his arrival, Carteaux was given the task of defeating a force of royalist Proven\u00e7al rebels. On 16 July 1793 he succeeded in defeating the small rebel force. In early August 1793, Carteaux was ordered to Marseille where he was given command of the efforts to recapture the vital port of Toulon. The citizens of Toulon had\n\nA multitude of languages is used in Singapore. It consists of several varieties of languages under the families of the Austronesian languages, Dravidian languages, Indo-European languages and Sino-Tibetan languages. The Constitution of Singapore says the national language of Singapore is Malay. This plays a symbolic role, as Malays are constitutionally recognised as the indigenous peoples of Singapore, and it is the government's duty to protect their language and heritage. The constitution also states that the four commonly used languages of Singapore are English, Mandarin, Malay and Tamil, with the lingua franca between Singaporeans of different races being English, the de facto main language. Singaporeans often speak Singlish among themselves. Singlish is an informal, colloquial form of English that is used in Singapore. Linguists define it as Singapore Colloquial English. The three languages other than English were chosen to correspond with the major ethnic groups present in Singapore at the time:\n\nQuestion: Who was Jean Fran\u00e7ois Carteaux?", "output": "Jean Baptiste Fran\u00e7ois Carteaux was a French painter who became a General in the French Revolutionary Army."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Oosterland is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Hollands Kroon, and lies about southeast of Den Helder. From 1918 to 1923, Oosterland was the residence of the exiled German crown prince, Friedrich Wilhelm von Hohenzollern. History The village was first mentioned in 1343 or 1344 as \"van Oestenlande\", and means \"eastern land\". It was located on the former island of Wieringen. Oost (east) has been added to distinguish from Westerland. Oosterland is a church village which developed in the 11th century. The Dutch Reformed church was built on a slight elevation around 1100. The tower probably dates from the 13th century, and contains a bell from 1499. The church was restored between 1888 and 1890 by Pierre Cuypers. Oosterland was home to 125 people in 1840. Between 1925 and 1928, a little neighbourhood was built in Oosterland for the\n\nHarry Kitten and Tucker Mouse is a children's book written by George Selden and illustrated by Garth Williams. It is the prequel to The Cricket in Times Square. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, originally published the book in 1986. Plot The book tells the story of the young mouse who becomes Tucker, and the kitten who becomes Harry, the two friends of Chester Cricket in The Cricket in Times Square. Tucker, we learn, was born in a box of Kleenexes and other odds and ends on Tenth Avenue, and fled his nest at a young age to avoid sanitation workers. He takes his name from \"Merry Tucker's Home-Baked Goods\", a bakery on Tenth Avenue. He meets Harry Kitten, who took his name from two children he heard talking. One said \"Harry-you're a character!\" and the kitten decided he too wanted to be a character. The two become friends and search New\n\nRadislav Krsti\u0107 (; born 15 February 1948) is a Bosnian Serb Deputy Commander and later Chief of Staff of the Drina Corps of the Army of Republika Srpska (the \"Bosnian Serb army\") from October 1994 until 12 July 1995. He was promoted to the rank of major general in June 1995 and assumed command of the Drina Corps on 13 July 1995. In 1998 Krsti\u0107 was indicted for war crimes by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in The Hague in connection with the genocide of around 8,000 Bosniak prisoners of war and civilians on 11 July 1995 during the Srebrenica massacre \u2013 Europe's first genocide since World War II. On 2 August 2001, Krsti\u0107 became the first man convicted of genocide by the Tribunal, and was sentenced to 46 years in prison. He was only the third person ever to have been convicted under the 1948 Convention\n\nQuestion: Define Harry Kitten and Tucker Mouse.", "output": "Harry Kitten and Tucker Mouse is a children's book written by George Selden and illustrated by Garth Williams."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jannik Lindb\u00e6k (born 23 March 1939) is a Norwegian banker and businessperson. Personal life He was born in Oslo as a son of banker Jannik Lindb\u00e6k, Sr. (1906\u20131966) and chief physician Ellen Margrethe Lund. His aunt was journalist and war correspondent Lise Lindb\u00e6k, and he was a great-grandson of Elise Aubert In December 1963 he married teacher Grete Schj\u00f8ttelvig. Career Lindb\u00e6k finished his secondary education in Oslo and earned a siv.\u00f8k. degree from the Norwegian School of Economics in 1961. He later received a Fulbright scholarship to continue his business studies for one year at the University of Kansas. In 1962 he was hired in Vesta, where his father also worked. He quickly advanced through the ranks and became vice chief executive. In 1975 he was hired as chief executive officer in Storebrand, later Storebrand-Norden. Lindb\u00e6k's predecessor and later chairman, Gustav Aarestrup, was pressured out of the company in 1982,\n\nMerode is a railway and metro station in Brussels, Belgium. It lies in the municipality of Etterbeek, near the border between Etterbeek, the City of Brussels and Schaerbeek. The metro end is under the /, which is the start of the Avenue de Tervueren/Tervurenlaan, a major thoroughfare, while the mainline railway station end is under the /. The two stations are connected by a long underground concourse punctuated by ticket barriers. The area is named in honour of Jean Philippe Eug\u00e8ne de M\u00e9rode. Metro station Merode station opened in 1976 and was served by the first heavy metro service ever in Brussels (earlier underground services elsewhere were operated by trams). The station is located at the eastern end of the common branch of lines 1 and 5. One metro train out of two coming from Schuman continues to the south-east of the city through Thieffry towards Herrmann-Debroux in the municipality\n\nRamy \"Ray\" Brooks (born December 24, 1968 in Fairbanks, Alaska) is an Alaska Native kennel owner and operator, motivational speaker, and dog musher who specializes in long-distance races. He is a two-time runner up in the 1,049+ mi (1,600+ km) Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race across the U.S. state of Alaska, and a former winner of the 1,000 mi (1,600 km) Yukon Quest dog sled race across both Canada and the U.S. Family Brooks is descended from the Yup'ik Eskimos and Athabascan Indians, two of the Indigenous groups who were the first to mush dogs in Alaska. His grandfather, Gareth Wright, was a competitive musher who won both major Alaskan sled dog races of the 1940s, the American Championship (twice), and the Fur Rendezvous World Championship (three times). Wright was also a dog breeder and kennel owner who became known for breeding the Wright's Aurora Husky from the Irish Setter,\n\nQuestion: Who was Ramy Brooks?", "output": "Ramy \"Ray\" Brooks is an Alaska Native kennel owner and operator, motivational speaker, and dog musher who specializes in long-distance races."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Friday Night in San Francisco is a 1981 live album by Al Di Meola, John McLaughlin and Paco de Luc\u00eda. It was described by jazz author and critic Walter Kolosky as \"a musical event that could be compared to the Benny Goodman Band's performance at Carnegie Hall in 1938 ... [it] may be considered the most influential of all live acoustic guitar albums\". All the tracks except \"Guardian Angel\" were recorded live at The Warfield Theatre on 5 December 1980, in San Francisco; \"Guardian Angel\" was recorded at Minot Sound, in White Plains, New York. Track listing Personnel Al Di Meola \u2013 acoustic steel-string guitar John McLaughlin \u2013 acoustic nylon-string guitar (played w/ flatpick) Paco de Luc\u00eda \u2013 spanish guitar Chart performance References External links Review at All About Jazz Review at Jazzbo Notes Al Di Meola albums John McLaughlin (musician) live albums Collaborative albums Paco de Luc\u00eda live albums\n\nElfriede Martha Blauensteiner (22 January 1931 \u2013 18 November 2003), dubbed The Black Widow, was an Austrian serial killer who murdered at least three victims by poison. In each case, she inherited the victim's possessions. Crimes On 7 March 1997, Blauensteiner was found guilty of murdering 77-year-old Alois Pichler and sentenced to life imprisonment. Her former lawyer Harald Schmidt was jailed for seven years for being an accomplice to grievous bodily harm and for forging the will of Alois Pichler. She was a gambling addict, and it is believed that she would deliberately date rich elderly men and poison them before gambling away the money which had been left to her in their fabricated wills. Four years later, she was found guilty of murdering her 64-year-old husband Friedrick Doecker and 84-year-old female neighbour Franziska Koeberl. Although she was only convicted of a total of three murders, Austrian police believe that\n\n\"Fugue for Tinhorns\" is a song written and composed by Frank Loesser and first performed by Stubby Kaye, Johnny Silver, and Douglas Deane in 1950. The song was featured in the Broadway musical Guys and Dolls. Development Twelve years before writing \"Fugue for Tinhorns,\" Loesser was taken to a racetrack by Jule Styne, who said Loesser \"was crazy about the racing form and the phrase 'can do' after a horse's name\", which Styne said was Loesser's inspiration for the song. Loesser originally called the song \"Three Cornered Tune,\" and it was to be sung in Guys and Dolls by the characters Sarah Brown, Nathan Detroit, and Sky Masterson. As the play took shape, the characters singing the song were changed to Nicely-Nicely Johnson, Benny Southstreet, and Rusty Charlie, and the song was placed at the beginning of the show to establish context and tone. The song also mentions Equipoise (1928\u20131938),\n\nQuestion: What's Fugue for Tinhorns?", "output": "\"Fugue for Tinhorns\" is a song written and composed by Frank Loesser and first performed by Stubby Kaye, Johnny Silver, and Douglas Deane in 1950."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Shahbaz Nadeem (born 12 August 1989) is an Indian international cricketer who is a slow left-arm orthodox bowler. He made his first-class cricket debut in December 2004. He has played for Bihar Under-14 side and Indian U-19s and currently plays for Jharkhand and Lucknow Super Giants. In September 2018, he set a new record for the best bowling figures in a List A cricket match by taking eight wickets for 10 runs against Rajasthan whilst playing for Jharkhand. Domestic career Even before he made his first-class debut, Nadeem was seen as the next big left-arm slow bowler. He has a classical, flowing lefty's action, is naturally inclined to bowl round the wicket to right-hand batsmen, and has the boldness to experiment with varying degrees of loop. In addition, he is an athletic fielder and a fixture at point for his state and the East Zone side. He came into the\n\nVasyl Semenovych Stus (; 6 January 1938, Rakhnivka, Ukrainian SSR \u2013 4 September 1985, Perm-36, Kuchino, Russian SFSR) was a Ukrainian poet, translator, literary critic, journalist, and an active member of the Ukrainian dissident movement. For his political convictions, his works were banned by the Soviet regime and he spent 13 years in detention until his death in Perm-36\u2014then a Soviet forced labor camp for political prisoners, subsequently The Museum of the History of Political Repression\u2014after having declared a hunger strike on September 4, 1985. On November 26, 2005, the Ukrainian president Viktor Yushchenko posthumously awarded him the highest national title: Hero of Ukraine. Stus is widely regarded as one of Ukraine's foremost poets. Biography Vasyl Stus was born on January 6, 1938, into a peasant family in the village of Rakhnivka, Haisyn Raion, Vinnytsia Oblast (modern Ukraine) (province), Ukrainian SSR. The following year, his parents Semen Demyanovych and Iryna\n\nPhonocentrism is the belief that sounds and speech are inherently superior to, or more primary than, written language or sign language. Those who espouse phonocentric views maintain that spoken language is the primary and most fundamental method of communication whereas writing is merely a derived method of capturing speech. Many also believe that spoken language is inherently richer and more intuitive than written language. Some writers have argued that philosophers such as Plato, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Ferdinand de Saussure have promoted phonocentric views. Walter Ong, who has also expressed support for the idea of phonocentrism, has argued that the culture of the United States is particularly non-phonocentric. Some philosophers and linguists, notably including the philosopher Jacques Derrida, have used the term \"phonocentrism\" to criticize what they see as a disdain for written language. Derrida has argued that phonocentrism developed because the immediacy of speech has been regarded as closer to\n\nQuestion: What is Vasyl Stus", "output": "Vasyl Semenovych Stus was a Ukrainian poet, translator, literary critic, journalist, and an active member of the Ukrainian dissident movement."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Second Battle of the Isonzo was fought between the armies of the Kingdom of Italy and of Austria-Hungary in the Italian Front in World War I, between 18 July and 3 August 1915. Overview After the failure of the First Battle of the Isonzo, two weeks earlier, Luigi Cadorna, commander-in-chief of the Italian forces, decided for a new thrust against the Austro-Hungarian lines with heavier artillery support. The overall plans of the Italian offensive were barely changed by the outcomes of the previous fight, besides the role of general Frugoni's Second Army, which this time had, on paper, to carry out only demonstrative attacks all over his front. The major role, assigned to the Duke of Aosta's Third Army, was to conquer Mount San Michele and Mount Cosich, cutting the enemy line and opening the way to Gorizia. General Cadorna's tactics were as simple as they were harsh: after\n\nLas Piedras is a city in the Canelones Department of Uruguay. As of the census of 2011, it is the seventh most populated city of the country. Las Piedras is also the name of the municipality to which the city belongs. Geography The city is located on the east side of Route 5, north of the border with Montevideo Department. Bordering La Paz to the south and Montevideo to the southeast, it belongs to the wider metropolitan area of Montevideo. The stream Arroyo de las Piedras flows by the city. Climate The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the K\u00f6ppen Climate Classification system, Las Piedras has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated \"Cfa\" on climate maps. History Las Piedras was founded in 1744 under the name \"San Isidro\". On May 18, 1811 the Uruguayan independence leader don Jos\u00e9 Gervasio\n\nSaint Edward's School is a coeducational independent college-preparatory school in Vero Beach, Florida, United States. It enrolls children grades pre-K through 12. History The school opened on September 22, 1965, to 31 students in grades five through eight. It is affiliated with the Episcopal Church. The school expanded aggressively in the 90s with an enrollment of over 900 students. Multiple construction projects in 1999, combined with a sagging economy, triggered severe financial problems and school accrued a large debt by the early 2000s. Michael Mersky, who was appointed the 7th head of the school in 2009, launched an ambitious fund raising effort for the Pirate Fund and by mid-2010, school announced that it has successfully gotten rid of the debt. Part of the school restructuring necessitated selling the lower school campus, which was then situated in Riomar country club. In the year 2010, the campus was changed to a \"one\n\nQuestion: What's Second Battle of the Isonzo?", "output": "The Second Battle of the Isonzo was fought between the armies of the Kingdom of Italy and of Austria-Hungary in the Italian Front in World War I, between 18 July and 3 August 1915."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Eko is an Italian manufacturer of electric guitars, acoustic guitars and similar instruments, catering to professional level and manufacturing largely for export. It is located in Recanati, Marche. Products Guitars Their products include classical guitars, 12-string guitars, arch top guitars, electric guitars and acoustic bass guitars. Eko gained high popularity during the rock 'n' roll craze of the 1960s, becoming the largest guitar exporter in Europe. Their electric models were often highly ornamented with pearl, featured 3 or 4 pickups and recognizable \"rocker\" switches for pickup selection. The acoustic models were popular in country and folk rock bands of the late '60s. The best-known models of the '60s include: Eko 400 Ekomaster (Fender Jaguar shape with flat-top, Hagstr\u00f6m-style control panel), Eko 500 (Fender Jaguar lookalike), Eko 700 (original triple-cutaway design with \"hockey stick\" head), Eko 290 (also known as Eko Barracuda, semi-hollow flat-top electric), Eko Rokes (rocket-shaped electric, made popular\n\nSource code escrow is the deposit of the source code of software with a third-party escrow agent. Escrow is typically requested by a party licensing software (the licensee), to ensure maintenance of the software instead of abandonment or orphaning. The software's source code is released to the licensee if the licensor files for bankruptcy or otherwise fails to maintain and update the software as promised in the software license agreement. Necessity of escrow As the continued operation and maintenance of custom software is critical to many companies, they usually desire to make sure that it continues even if the licensor becomes unable to do so, such as because of bankruptcy. This is most easily achieved by obtaining a copy of the up-to-date source code. The licensor, however, will often be unwilling to agree to this, as the source code will generally represent one of their most closely guarded trade secrets.\n\nSheshatshiu () is an Innu federal reserve and designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The reserve is approximately north of Happy Valley-Goose Bay. Some references may spell the community's name as Sheshatshit, the t spelling is more traditional in the Innu-aimun language, but the u is used more commonly in English to avoid inappropriate connotations. The name means \"a narrow place in the river\". The community is inhabited by the Sheshatshiu Innu First Nation, whose current chief is Eugene Hart. History In 1836 the Hudson's Bay Company established a trading post at North West River and the traders provided the Innu with European tools. During the First World War, some Innu from Sheshatshiu fought overseas in the Royal Newfoundland Regiment. In 1915 the International Grenfell Association established a hospital in North West River to serve the European settlers and indigenous people of the region. This hospital\n\nQuestion: Define Sheshatshiu.", "output": "Sheshatshiu is an Innu federal reserve and designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Eimac is a trade mark of Eimac Products, part of the Microwave Power Products Division of Communications & Power Industries. It produces power vacuum tubes for radio frequency applications such as broadcast and radar transmitters. The company name is an initialism from the names of the founders, William Eitel and Jack McCullough. History The San Francisco Bay area was one of the early centers of amateur radio activity and experimentation, containing about 10% of the total operators in the US. Amateur radio enthusiasts sought vacuum tubes that would perform at higher power and on higher frequencies than those then available from RCA, Western Electric, General Electric, and Westinghouse. Additionally, they required tubes that would operate with the limited voltages available from typical amateur power supplies. While employed by the small San Francisco, California manufacturing firm of Heintz & Kaufman which manufactured custom radio equipment, Bill Eitel (amateur radio call sign\n\nThe costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension. Differences from Ribs 1-12 The first seven pairs are connected with the sternum; the next three are each articulated with the lower border of the cartilage of the preceding rib; the last two have pointed extremities, which end in the wall of the abdomen. Like the ribs, the costal cartilages vary in their length, breadth, and direction. They increase in length from the first to the seventh, then gradually decrease to the twelfth. Their breadth, as well as that of the intervals between them, diminishes from the first to the last. They are broad at their attachments to the ribs, and taper toward their sternal extremities, excepting the first\n\nThe Clayhanger Family is a series of novels by Arnold Bennett, published between 1910 and 1918. Though the series is commonly referred to as a \"trilogy\", and the first three novels were published in a single volume, as The Clayhanger Family, in 1925, there are actually four books. All four are set in the \"Five Towns\", Bennett's thinly disguised version of the six towns of the Staffordshire Potteries. Novels Clayhanger (1910) This coming-of-age story set in the Midlands of Victorian England follows Edwin Clayhanger as he leaves school, takes over the family business and falls in love. Edwin Clayhanger's father, Darius, has risen from an extremely poor background, which Bennett repeatedly returns to, to become a prominent printer in Bursley, one of Bennett's \"Five Towns\" \u2013 his fictionalised version of the six towns of the Staffordshire Potteries. Edwin is not aware of his father's history and takes his family's affluence\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Costal cartilage is.", "output": "The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Lake Placid Stakes is a Grade II American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old fillies over a distance of one and one-sixteenths miles on the turf course scheduled annually in late July or early August at Saratoga Race Course in Saratoga Springs, New York. The event currently carries a purse of $200,000. History The event was inaugurated on 20 August 1984 as the Nijana Stakes and was won by the Edward P. Evans owned Possible Mate as part of an entry with Miss Audimar leading throughout the race to win by 2 lengths in a time of 1:50 flat. The event was named after the broodmare Nijana, who as a two-year-old won the Grade III Schuylerville Stakes in 1975 at Saratoga. In 1986 the event was upgraded to the Grade III and in 1999 to Grade II. In 1998 the event was renamed the Lake Placid Stakes after the village\n\nCentron Corporation was a leading industrial and educational film production company, specializing in classroom and corporate 16mm films and VHS videocassettes. Although a slightly smaller company than its contemporaries (Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica Films, Coronet Films and Learning Corporation of America), it was nonetheless very successful from the late 1940s through the early 1990s, gaining added fame with the Academy Award-nominated Leo Beuerman in 1969. Overview Founded in 1947 in Lawrence, Kansas by boyhood friends Arthur H. Wolf (a veteran of another Kansas film company, Calvin Films) and Russell A. Mosser (of Boeing-Wichita), the name was chosen to incorporate the key words \"central\" (being that the company was located in the center of the United States) and \"electronic\" in honor of the \"electronic age of the future\". Centron successfully competed with large companies on both coasts and was widely known for its high quality films, coming in on time and under budget.\n\nThe Battle of Stalingrad (23 August 19422 February 1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II where Nazi Germany and its allies unsuccessfully fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (later renamed Volgograd) in Southern Russia. The battle was marked by fierce close-quarters combat and direct assaults on civilians in air raids, with the battle epitomizing urban warfare. It was the bloodiest battle of the Second World War, with both sides suffering enormous casualties. Today, the Battle of Stalingrad is universally regarded as the turning point in the European theatre of war, as it forced the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (German High Command) to withdraw considerable military forces from other areas in occupied Europe to replace German losses on the Eastern Front, ending with the rout of the six field armies of Army Group B, including the destruction of Nazi Germany's 6th\n\nQuestion: What is Centron Corporation?", "output": "Centron Corporation was a leading industrial and educational film production company, specializing in classroom and corporate 16mm films and VHS videocassettes."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tajja Isen (born June 29, 1991) is a Canadian writer, editor, and voice actor. Her first book, the essay collection Some of My Best Friends: Essays on Lip Service, was published in April 2022. As an actress, she is best known for voicing the title character in the television series Atomic Betty. She has several other voice credits, including the voice of Samantha in Franklin and the Turtle Lake Treasure, Jane in Jane and the Dragon, Jodie in Time Warp Trio, Sister Bear in The Berenstain Bears, Franny's singing voice in Franny's Feet, Jazzi in The Save-Ums!, and Princess Pea/Presto in the PBS Kids show Super Why!. Biography Isen was born in Toronto, Ontario. At 10 years old, she began her voice acting career with The Berenstain Bears, where she voiced Sister Bear.' In 2004, she portrayed Young Nala in a Toronto production of Disney's The Lion King and was\n\nRonald D'Wayne Price (born June 21, 1983) is an American former professional basketball player and current scout for the Phoenix Suns. Price grew up in Friendswood, Texas and played college basketball for one year at Nicholls State and three years at Utah Valley State (now Utah Valley). Price went undrafted in the 2005 NBA draft and played for the Sacramento Kings from to . Price then played for the Utah Jazz, Phoenix Suns, Portland Trail Blazers, Orlando Magic, and Los Angeles Lakers before returning to Phoenix for a second and final playing stint. Early life and college career Price was born and raised in Friendswood, Texas and graduated from Clear Brook High School in 2001 as an honor roll student with a 3.4 grade point average. At 5-foot-7, Price was considered undersized as a senior and was not offered any basketball scholarships out of high school. In 2001, Price enrolled\n\nThe Kalabhra dynasty, also called Ka\u1e37abrar, Ka\u1e37appirar, Kallupura or Kalvar, were rulers of all or parts of Tamil region sometime between the 3rd century and 6th century CE, after the ancient dynasties of the early Cholas, the early Pandyas and Chera. Information about the origin and reign of the Kalabhras is uncertain and scarce. It is believed by historians that the Kalabhras belonged to the Vellalar community of warriors who were possibly once the feudatories of the Cholas and the Pallavas. Their proposed roots vary from southeast region of modern Karnataka, Kalappalars of Vellalar community, to Kalavar chieftains. This age is generally called \"The Augustan age of Tamil Literature\", in a 1922 book by the name \"Studies in South Indian Jainism\" written by M. S. Ramaswami Ayyangar and B. Seshagiri Rao. The Kalabhra era is sometimes referred to as the \"dark period\" of Tamil history, and information about it is\n\nQuestion: What's Kalabhra dynasty?", "output": "The Kalabhra dynasty, also called Ka\u1e37abrar, Ka\u1e37appirar, Kallupura or  Kalvar, were rulers of all or parts of Tamil region sometime between the 3rd century and 6th century CE, after the ancient dynasties of the early Cholas, the early Pandyas and Chera."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Free Church Federation is a voluntary association of British Nonconformist churches for cooperation in religious social work. It was the outcome of a unifying tendency displayed during the latter part of the 19th century. History About 1890 the proposal that there should be a Nonconformist Church Congress analogous to the Anglican Church Congress was seriously considered, and the first was held in Manchester on 7 November 1892. In the following year it was resolved that the basis of representation should be neither personal (as in the Anglican Church Congress) nor denominational, but territorial. Subsequently, England and Wales were completely covered with a network of local councils, each of which elected its due proportion of representatives to the national gathering. This territorial arrangement eliminated all sectarian distinctions, and also the possibility of committing the different churches as such to any particular policy. The representatives of the local councils attended not as\n\nPandrol is a global rail technology company, founded in 1953 and operating in over 100 countries worldwide, with over 400 railway systems having adopted its products. A member of the Delachaux Group, Pandrol is based in Colombes, France and has 1700 employees globally in over 40 locations. In 2020, they achieved a turnover of \u00a360.9M. Pandrol primarily manufactures rail fastenings, which are used to fasten rails to railway ties. They are also an industry leader in aluminothermic welding, whereby metals are rapidly heated to repair and connect pieces of rail. Pandrol designs, develops and manufactures a variety of equipment to make constructing and maintaining railways more efficient. Overview The Pandrol clip was patented in 1957 by a Norwegian railways engineer, Per Pande-Rolfsen. It is now common worldwide. The original clip is now called the PR-clip, which was superseded by a system called E-Clip. Pandrol has a range of sustainable resilient\n\nA binary prefix is a unit prefix that indicates a multiple of a unit of measurement by an integer power of two. The most commonly used binary prefixes are kibi (symbol Ki, meaning 210= 1024), mebi (Mi, 220 = ), and gibi (Gi, 230 = ). They are most often used in information technology as multipliers of bit and byte, when expressing the capacity of storage devices or the size of computer files. The binary prefixes \"kibi\", \"mebi\", etc. were defined in 1999 by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), in the IEC 60027-2 standard (Amendment 2). They were meant to replace the metric (SI) decimal power prefixes, such as \"kilo\" (\"k\", 103 = 1000), \"mega\" (\"M\", 106 = ) and \"giga\" (\"G\", 109 = ), that were commonly used in the computer industry to indicate the nearest powers of two. For example, a memory module whose capacity was specified by\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Free Church Federation is.", "output": "Free Church Federation is a voluntary association of British Nonconformist churches for cooperation in religious social work."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Milwaukee Magazine is a monthly city magazine serving the Milwaukee metropolitan area in Wisconsin, United States. It bills itself as \"Southeastern Wisconsin's most authoritative source for Events and Dining,\" and reports a readership of 200,000. History and profile A magazine named Milwaukee (sometimes Milwaukee, the metropolitan magazine) was established in 1977 (), and its final edition (volume 8, issue 4) was published in May 1983. It was continued by Milwaukee Magazine (), which designated its first edition, published in June 1983, as volume 8, issue 5. Its office is located in the Historic Third Ward neighborhood of downtown Milwaukee. It is printed by its parent company, Quad, and is a member of the City and Regional Magazine Association (CRMA). The magazine is the recipient of various awards for its design and editorials. References External links Milwaukee Magazine website 1983 establishments in Wisconsin Monthly magazines published in the United States News\n\nThe University Heights Bridge is a steel-truss revolving swing bridge across the Harlem River in New York City. It connects West 207th Street in the Inwood neighborhood of Manhattan with West Fordham Road in the University Heights neighborhood of the Bronx. The bridge is operated and maintained by the New York City Department of Transportation. The bridge carries two lanes of traffic in each direction, along with a sidewalk on its southern side. The bridge has three masonry piers supporting the steel approach spans. The sidewalk features four shelters with cast-iron supports while the bridge deck has decorative iron railings and two stone pavilions. The bridge structure was originally installed further to the north, carrying Broadway across the Harlem River Ship Canal. It opened in 1895 as the Harlem Ship Canal Bridge and was relocated southward to University Heights in 1908. Over the following decades, the University Heights Bridge carried\n\nThe Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed Faith has eleven holy days, which are important anniversaries in the history of the religion. On nine of these holy days, work is suspended. There is no fixed format for any of the holy days, and Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed communities organize their own commemorative meetings. All but two of the holy days are scheduled annually on fixed dates in the Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00ed calendar. The Twin Holy Birthdays are scheduled annually according to a lunar calculation. Besides the eleven holy days, Bah\u00e1\u02bc\u00eds also celebrate Ayy\u00e1m-i-H\u00e1, a period of several extra days in the calendar (followed by the Nineteen Day Fast). Table of dates Historical dates Holy Days of the Bah\u00e1\u2019\u00ed calendar General holy days Naw-R\u00faz Annually on Bah\u00e1 1. Naw-R\u00faz marks the beginning of spring. Holy days associated with the B\u00e1b The Birth of the B\u00e1b Annually in October or November. The B\u00e1b was born two years after Bah\u00e1\u02bcu'll\u00e1h, on the first\n\nQuestion: Define Milwaukee Magazine.", "output": "Milwaukee Magazine is a monthly city magazine serving the Milwaukee metropolitan area in Wisconsin, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Michael Jay Tarses (born July 3, 1939) is an American screenwriter, producer and actor. He created and produced The Days and Nights of Molly Dodd and The Slap Maxwell Story, co-created Buffalo Bill (with Tom Patchett), and was an executive producer for The Bob Newhart Show. Tarses was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He graduated from Williams College in 1961. He was co-creator and co-writer (with Andy Hamilton) of BBC Radio 4's situation comedy Revolting People, which was set in colonial-era Baltimore; he played the role of sour shopkeeper Samuel Oliphant to Hamilton's cheerfully corrupt British soldier Sergeant McGurk. His most notable acting role was as Coach Bobby Finstock in the 1980s teen comedy Teen Wolf (1985). He also co-starred with Jim Carrey on the sitcom The Duck Factory in 1984. In 1990, he received an exclusive deal with NBC. Personal life Tarses and his wife, Rachel, have three children: TV\n\nThe New Haven Nighthawks were a professional ice hockey team that played in the American Hockey League from 1972 to 1992. They had affiliations with the New York Islanders (1972\u20131973), Minnesota North Stars (1972\u20131977), New York Rangers (1977\u20131981 & 1984\u20131987), and Los Angeles Kings (1981\u20131991). The team played their home games at New Haven Coliseum. History The Nighthawks were Calder Cup finalists four times: 1974\u201375, 1977\u201378, 1978\u201379 and a dramatic, unlikely playoff run in 1988\u201389 when they finished fourth in their division yet won two exciting playoff rounds before succumbing to the Adirondack Red Wings in the finals in five games. Those same Red Wings would take the Hawks out again in their last post-season before becoming the ill-fated New Haven Senators in 1992\u201393. Notable players for the Nighthawks include former New York Islanders greats Chico Resch, Bobby Nystrom; ex-Boston Bruins Willie O'Ree and Billy O'Dwyer; Tom Colley, the franchise's\n\nDIRAVI is the name given by Citro\u00ebn to its proprietary power steering system, first seen in 1970. DIRAVI is an acronym for \"Direction \u00e0 rappel asservi\" literally meaning \"steering with controlled return\" more accurately described in English as \"power steering with power assisted return\". In the UK, it was marketed as VariPower and in the U.S. as SpeedFeel. This was the first commercially available variable assist power steering arrangement, allowing the motorist power assist when parking, but recognizing that less steering assistance was needed at high speed. This feature is now spreading to mainstream vehicles, using electrical motors rather than hydraulic actuation. Citro\u00ebn engineer Paul Mag\u00e8s invented the system as part of its effort to engineer a practical high horsepower, front wheel drive car - a new type of vehicle at the time. This DIRAVI system is an addition to the integrated Citro\u00ebn hydropneumatic suspension and braking system. These all\n\nQuestion: What is New Haven Nighthawks?", "output": "The New Haven Nighthawks were a professional ice hockey team that played in the American Hockey League from 1972 to 1992."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Moo, You Bloody Choir is the third studio album by the Australian indie rock band Augie March. It was released in 2006 in Australia by BMG. It entered the ARIA album charts at #10 and was nominated for Album of the Year at the ARIA Music Awards of 2006, losing to Tea & Sympathy by Bernard Fanning. The album was re-released 19 May 2007 with a bonus CD of live and unreleased tracks. The 2006 version of \"There Is No Such Place\" features an orchestra. The title comes directly from the lyrics of \"The Honey Month\". Reception At the ARIA Music Awards of 2006, the album was nominated for five awards. It also won the Australian Music Prize in 2006. At the J Award of 2006, the album was nominated for Australian Album of the Year. In October 2010, Moo, You Bloody Choir was listed in the top 50 in\n\nTakht-e-Sulaiman (; \"Throne of Solomon\") is a peak of the Sulaiman Mountains, located near the town of Darazinda in the Dera Ismail Khan Subdivision of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is close to Dera Ismail Khan Subdivision's borders with both South Waziristan and Zhob, Balochistan. At , it is the highest peak in Dera Ismail Khan District and the greater Shirani region. Ibn Battuta named Takht-e-Sulaiman as K\u014dh-e Sulaym\u0101n, \"Mount of Solomon\". Legends A legend, recorded by the medieval Maghrebi explorer Ibn Battuta, has it that Prophet Solomon climbed this mountain and looked out over the land of Hindustan, which was then \"covered with darkness\", after staying on the peak, he turned back without descending into this new frontier, and left only the mountain which is named after him. Another legend says that Qais Abdur Rashid, said to be the legendary ancestor of Pashtun people, is buried on top of Takht-e-Sulaiman,\n\nTurgutlu, also known as Kasaba (Cassaba or Casaba) is a municipality and district of Manisa Province, Turkey. Its area is 549 km2, and its population is 175,401 (2022). Its elevation is . The name derives from the name of the Turkish clan of \"Turgutlu\" (also cited as \"Turgut\" or \"Turguto\u011flu\"), recorded as having provided the main support to the Beylik of Karaman during their time of existence and mentioned in historical records as an important political entity as late as the 18th century Iran. Their settlement in Turgutlu region is thought to have taken place some time in the 15th century at the same time as the Ottoman unification of Anatolia which resulted in the demise of Karamanids. That nearby Manisa was the center where Ottoman shahzades (crown princes) received their education must have placed the clan once again in a non-negligible position in their relations this time with the\n\nQuestion: What is Turgutlu", "output": "Turgutlu, also known as Kasaba is a municipality and district of Manisa Province, Turkey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Walter Scott, 1st Earl of Tarras (23 December 1644 \u2013 9 April 1693) was a Scottish nobleman. Born Walter Scott of Highchester, he married his kinswoman Mary Scott, 3rd Countess of Buccleuch, daughter of Francis Scott, 2nd Earl of Buccleuch and Lady Margaret Leslie, on 9 February 1659 in Wemyss, Fife. She died in 1661 and the couple had no children. He married Helen Hepburn of Humbie in 1677, and they had a number of children. He was granted the titles Earl of Tarras and Baron Almoor and Campcastill in the Peerage of Scotland in 1660. These were early examples of a life peerage, being granted \"for the days of his natural life\", to make Walter Scott of equal rank to his wife. In 1685 he was attainted, but restored in 1687. References 1644 births 1693 deaths Earls in the Peerage of Scotland Life peers created by Charles II Members\n\nJerry Markbreit (born March 23, 1935) is a former American football referee in the National Football League (NFL) for 23 seasons and became one of the most recognizable referees in the game. Markbreit officiated football games for 33 seasons. From 1965 to 1975, Markbreit officiated college football games in the Big Ten Conference. He then joined the NFL in 1976 as a line judge on the crew of Tommy Bell before being promoted to the head referee position in just his second year. His uniform number in the league was 9, which is now worn by Mark Perlman. In his 23 seasons in the NFL (he retired after the 1998 season), Markbreit had 25 postseason assignments: two wild card games (1991 and 1994), 10 divisional games (1979, 1981, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1995, 1997, 1998), eight conference championships (1980, 1983, 1984, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1996), one Pro Bowl\n\nDavid Gallaher (30October 1873 \u2013 4October 1917) was an Irish-born New Zealand rugby union footballer best remembered as the captain of the \"Original All Blacks\"\u2014the 1905\u201306 New Zealand national team, the first representative New Zealand side to tour the British Isles. Under Gallaher's leadership the Originals won 34 out of 35 matches over the course of tour, including legs in France and North America; the New Zealanders scored 976 points and conceded only 59. Before returning home he co-wrote the classic rugby text The Complete Rugby Footballer with his vice-captain Billy Stead. Gallaher retired as a player after the 1905\u201306 tour and took up coaching and selecting; he was a selector for both Auckland and New Zealand for most of the following decade. Born in Ramelton, Ireland, Gallaher migrated to New Zealand with his family as a small child. After moving to Auckland, in 1895 he joined Ponsonby RFC and\n\nQuestion: Who is Dave Gallaher", "output": "David Gallaher was an Irish-born New Zealand rugby union footballer best remembered as the captain of the \"Original All Blacks\"\u2014the 1905\u201306 New Zealand national team, the first representative New Zealand side to tour the British Isles."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Porthcothan () is a coastal village between Newquay and Padstow in Cornwall, England, UK. It is within the civil parish of St Eval. Porthcothan lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Almost a third of Cornwall has AONB designation, with the same status and protection as a National Park. The sandy beach is popular with tourists and surfers and is patrolled by lifeguards during the day in the summer; local surf schools sometimes use the beach for tuition. There is a pay-and-display car park and a small grocery shop near the beach. In January 2014, storm Anne reduced a local arch, Jan Leverton's Rock, to rubble. History As with many coves in Cornwall Porthcothan has legends of smuggling, and there is a large cave some mile inland that is reputed to have been used to store the smuggled goods. Notable residents Notable former residents include the early\n\nMart\u00edn Fiz Mart\u00edn (born 3 March 1963 in Vitoria-Gasteiz, \u00c1lava) is a long-distance runner from Spain. Career Fiz won the marathon at the 1994 European Athletics Championships in Helsinki and repeated his success at the 1995 World Athletics Championships in Gothenburg. The same year he captured the title in the Rotterdam Marathon. At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta Fiz came fourth in the marathon. A year later he won a silver medal at the 1997 World Championships in Athletics in Athens, finishing behind his countryman Abel Anton. He competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1992. At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney Fiz came sixth in the marathon. Post-career Fiz has continued running into masters age divisions, setting the world M55 record in the road 10K at 31:36 on January 13, 2019 in Valencia. He is the only athlete in the world who\n\nAllan Cole (November 19, 1943 \u2013 March 29, 2019) was an American author and television writer, who wrote or co-wrote nearly thirty books. The son of a CIA operative, Cole was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and raised in Europe, the Middle East and the Far East. He collaborated with Chris Bunch on the Sten science fiction series, as well the Far Kingdoms Series, and the historical novels, A Reckoning for Kings and A Daughter of Liberty. He coauthored a non-fiction book\u2014A Cop's Life\u2014with his uncle, Thomas Grubb; and a fantasy novel\u2014Lords of Terror\u2014with Russian author Nick Perumov. His solo books include the fantasy novels that make up the Timura Trilogy, and the thrillers Dying Good and Drowned Hopes. He sold more than a hundred television episodes, including ones for Quincy, M.E., The Rockford Files, The Incredible Hulk, Dinosaucers, Buck Rogers in the 25th Century, Magnum, P.I., Werewolf, and Walker, Texas\n\nQuestion: Define Porthcothan.", "output": "Porthcothan is a coastal village between Newquay and Padstow in Cornwall, England, UK."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sterns was a nightclub located at Highdown Towers on Highdown Hill in Worthing, West Sussex. It was situated off the A259 road just north of Ferring on the South Downs. It became known as a major centre of UK rave culture in the south of England during the late 1980s and early 1990s. It was a rare example of an early UK club boasting 4 separate rooms with DJs playing house, breakbeat hardcore, jungle music, techno, progressive house and hard house. Although Sterns had played such music before and was a forerunner in underground parties, the most famous club nights were started in 1991 by a promoter named In-ter-dance run by the late Mensa. Such was the club nights' reputation that it was credited by a number of artists on their record sleeves, was one of the most well known Rave/House & Hardcore clubs in Europe and was regularly visited\n\nMaarja-Liis Ilus, sometimes better known by her performing name Maarja (born 24 December 1980) is an Estonian pop musician and presenter. She has represented Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest twice. She was only 15 when she participated in the 1996 contest. Discography Albums Maarja-Liis (1996) First in Line (1997) Kaua veel (1998) Heart (1998) (only in Japan) City Life (2000) Look Around, together with Hinkus (2005) L\u00e4bi j\u00e4\u00e4tunud klaasi, together with Rein Rannap (2006) Homme (2008) J\u00f5uluingel (2009) Kuldne p\u00f5ld (2012) Important singles Hold Onto Love (1997) First in Line (1998) All the Love You Needed (2001) He Is Always On My Mind (2003) Tulilinnud (2015) Nii sind ootan (2015) Musical theatre Miss Saigon, Ellen (2002) The Sound of Music, Maria (2003) Rent, Maureen Johnson (2004) Cats, Grizabella (2005) Evita, Eva Per\u00f3n (2009) References External links 1980 births Living people Singers from Tallinn Estonian pop singers 21st-century Estonian women\n\nThe Telegoons is a comedy puppet show, adapted from the highly successful BBC radio comedy show of the 1950s, The Goon Show produced for BBC television and first shown during 1963 and 1964. Two series of 13 episodes were made. The series was briefly repeated immediately after its original run, and all episodes are known to have survived. Harry Secombe, Peter Sellers and Spike Milligan reprised their original voice roles from the radio series and appeared in promotional photos with some of the puppets from the series. Among the puppeteers were Ann Field, John Dudley, and Violet Phelan. The original radio scripts were adapted by Maurice Wiltshire, who had previously co-written a number of radio episodes with Larry Stephens. The only official broadcasts of any Telegoons material since the 1960s were a short excerpt, claimed to have been newly printed from the original negative, shown on the 1980s BBC archive\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Maarja-Liis Ilus.", "output": "Maarja-Liis Ilus, sometimes better known by her performing name Maarja is an Estonian pop musician and presenter."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Table Mountain Aerial Cableway is a cable car transportation system offering visitors a five-minute ride to the top of Table Mountain in Cape Town, South Africa. It is one of Cape Town's most popular tourist attractions with approximately one million people a year using the Cableway. In January 2019, the Cableway welcomed its 28 millionth visitor. The upper cable station is on the westernmost end of the Table Mountain plateau, at an elevation of . The upper cable station offers views over Cape Town, Table Bay and Robben Island to the north, and the Atlantic seaboard to the west and south. Amenities at the upper station include free guided walking tours, an audio tour, meal options at a caf\u00e9 and a wi-fi lounge. History By the 1870s, Capetonians had proposed a railway to the top of Table Mountain, but plans were halted by the Anglo-Boer War. The City Council\n\nArgon is a chemical element with the symbol Ar and atomic number 18. It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas. Argon is the third-most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934% (9340 ppmv). It is more than twice as abundant as water vapor (which averages about 4000 ppmv, but varies greatly), 23 times as abundant as carbon dioxide (400 ppmv), and more than 500 times as abundant as neon (18 ppmv). Argon is the most abundant noble gas in Earth's crust, comprising 0.00015% of the crust. Nearly all of the argon in Earth's atmosphere is radiogenic argon-40, derived from the decay of potassium-40 in Earth's crust. In the universe, argon-36 is by far the most common argon isotope, as it is the most easily produced by stellar nucleosynthesis in supernovas. The name \"argon\" is derived from the Greek word , neuter singular form\n\nMoses Hazen (June 1, 1733 \u2013 February 5, 1803) was a brigadier general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Born in the Province of Massachusetts Bay, he saw action in the French and Indian War with Rogers' Rangers. His service included particularly brutal raids, during the Expulsion of the Acadians and the 1759 Battle of Quebec. He was formally commissioned into the British Army, shortly before the war ended, and retired on half-pay outside Montreal, Province of Quebec, where he and Gabriel Christie, another British officer, made extensive land purchases in partnership. During his lifetime he acquired land in Quebec, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York, but lost most of his Quebec land due to litigation, with Christie and the negative effects of the Revolution. In 1775 he became involved in the American invasion of Quebec early in the American Revolutionary War, and served with the Continental\n\nQuestion: What is Moses Hazen", "output": "Moses Hazen was a brigadier general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Princess telephone was introduced by the Bell System in 1959. It was a compact telephone designed for convenient use in the bedroom, and contained a light-up dial for use as a night-light. It was commonly advertised with the slogan \"It's little...It's lovely...It lights\", which was suggested by Robert Karl Lethin, an AT&T employee. The Princess was initially designed by the famed industrial designer Henry Dreyfuss, having designed previous Western Electric models with the Bell Labs engineers. Later redesigns involved Donald Genaro of the Dreyfuss design firm. Genaro redesigned the case so that it could be more easily picked up. Contemporary advertising demonstrates that this telephone was marketed to women, hence its feminine model name. The model was available in a broad range of colors, including pink, red, yellow, moss green, black, white, beige, ivory, light blue, turquoise, and gray. The telephone was produced at the Western Electric Indianapolis, and\n\nDeadlock II: Shrine Wars is a science fiction turn-based strategy video game developed by Cyberlore Studios and published by Accolade, released on February 23, 1998 as a sequel to Deadlock: Planetary Conquest. The game allows the player to play as the leader of an alien species who controls colonies on a planet's surface. Tommo purchased the rights to this game and digitally publishes it through its Retroism brand in 2015. Overview Deadlock II: Shrine Wars features turn-based gameplay that takes place on a planet map that ranges from around 1 to 9000 tiles, each presenting a region, or area of building. Players take control of each territory by colonizing it with a \"Colonizer\" vehicle or taking it from another player through military conquest. Each territory consists of a six-by-six grid in which buildings can be placed. Like most strategy games, Deadlock II: Shrine Wars uses natural resources and credits to\n\nTerrell Keith McKeller (born July 9, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL) from 1987 to 1993. Before his NFL career, McKeller attended Jacksonville State University on a basketball scholarship. He was the power forward on the 1984/85 NCAA Men's Division II Basketball Championship team and led the Gulf South Conference in rebounds for three of his four seasons. He finished his four seasons of college basketball with 1,495 points (4th in school history) and 1,209 rebounds (2nd). In 1986, he decided to join the school's football team as a walk-on. Despite not playing football since high school, McKeller immediately made the starting lineup and went on to catch 26 passes for 449 yards and three touchdowns. In 1987, he was selected by the Bills in the ninth round of the NFL draft. McKeller's\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Deadlock II: Shrine Wars is.", "output": "Deadlock II: Shrine Wars is a science fiction turn-based strategy video game developed by Cyberlore Studios and published by Accolade, released on February 23, 1998 as a sequel to Deadlock: Planetary Conquest."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "GOCR (or JOCR) is a free optical character recognition program, initially written by J\u00f6rg Schulenburg. It can be used to convert or scan image files (portable pixmap or PCX) into text files. Features GOCR claims it can handle single-column sans-serif fonts of 20\u201360 pixels in height. It reports trouble with serif fonts, overlapping characters, handwritten text, heterogeneous fonts, noisy images, large angles of skew, and text in anything other than a Latin alphabet. GOCR can also translate barcodes. User interface GOCR can be used as a stand-alone command-line application, or as a back-end to other programs. It comes with a gocr.tcl graphic interface. GOCR can be also used as an OCR engine in OCRFeeder. Development Version 0.3.0 was released in December 2000, 0.3.5 in February 2002, and 0.37 in August 2002. Between version 0.40 (March 2005) and 0.43 (December 2006), the recognition engine was gradually replaced with a vector version.\n\nMichael Mallory (born 1955) is a writer on the subjects of animation and post-war pop culture, and the author of the books X-Men: The Characters and Their Universe, Universal Studios Monsters: A Legacy of Horror The Science Fiction Universe and Beyond, and Essential Horror Movies. As an animation and film historian he has written over 600 articles, frequently for Variety, the Los Angeles Times and Animation Magazine, and has been featured in documentaries and DVD extras about animation. He co-authored the memoirs of animation legend Iwao Takamoto, which were published in 2009 as Iwao Takamoto: My Life with a Thousand Characters. He has also written the script for the annual Annie Awards ceremony, the Oscars of the animation industry, since the mid-1990s. Life Mallory was born in Port Huron, Michigan, and was raised in Pontiac, Michigan. As a teenager he appeared in summer stock plays with the Kenley Players and\n\nI'm Telling You for the Last Time is a 1998 stand-up comedy special and the second starring Jerry Seinfeld. The special aired live on HBO on August 9, 1998, from the Broadhurst Theatre in New York City. It was then released as an album on cassette and CD by the same title that same year. In 1999, a VHS and DVD titled Jerry Seinfeld: I'm Telling You for the Last Time - Live on Broadway was released. The recording was taped just a couple of months after the show Seinfeld went off the air. Entertainment Weekly said about the album: \"On its own, the CD is a more than respectable stand-up disc; Seinfeld's riffs ... are worthy of preservation.\" I'm Telling You for the Last Time was nominated for a 1999 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Comedy Album. After recording this special/album, Seinfeld vowed never to use old material again\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Michael Mallory.", "output": "Michael Mallory is a writer on the subjects of animation and post-war pop culture, and the author of the books X-Men:  The Characters and Their Universe, Universal Studios Monsters:  A Legacy of Horror The Science Fiction Universe and Beyond, and Essential Horror Movies."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Nibbixwoud is a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Medemblik, and lies about 5 km north of Hoorn. History The village was first mentioned around 1312 as Nuweboxwoude, and means \"the new forest of Bok (person)\". New was added to distinguish from Oudeboxwoude which is nowadays called Hauwert. Nibbixwoud developed in the 11th century as a peat excavation area. The Dutch Reformed church is an aisleless church which was built in 1834 to replace its 14th century predecessor. In 1860, the town hall was constructed in front of the church at a right angle. The church was decommissioned in 1980 and became a cultural centre. The church and town hall have been converted into a single building in 1982. Nibbixwoud was home to 280 people in 1840. It was a separate municipality until 1979, when it was merged with Wognum.\n\nis an anime television series created by Masashi Ikeda and Sunrise, set around the students that attend a prestigious school. Plot Agate Fluorite is the new transfer student at the elite school, \"Cluster E.A.\", in which the sons of many prestigious families from different countries gather to study together. Soon after, Agate's unexpected antics and enthusiasm in life impress many of his schoolmates, including Beryl Jasper, an honor student who hates his family, but when it is discovered that Agate was involved in a fight, helping a known artificial soldier sympathizer Agate finds himself on the run and eventually without all of his memories intact. Unknown to Agate, he was born with a secret power that can create miracles. With his ability to create miracles not only is the military but the religious sect is after him. Characters Main characters Agate is the main protagonist and actually a God of\n\nMohamed Harbi (born June 16, 1933) is an Algerian historian who was a member of the FLN during the Algerian War of Independence. Mohamed Harbi was born in 1933 into a wealthy family in El Harrouch, Algeria. At the age of 15, he joined the MTLD (ex.PPA). According to his later memoirs, Harbi lived underground in France and gathered support for the Algerian independence. 1954-1962 he was in a prominent position in the FLN. After the Algerian War of Independence, he became an advisor to new president, Ahmed Ben Bella and later a member of his cabinet. Harbi's Marxism was fiercely opposed by many veterans of the war, as well as by the army. According to his memoirs, Harbi tried to resist the increasingly authoritarian approach of the new government and urged Ben Bella to arm the people to avert a military coup. He believed, like many Marxists in his\n\nQuestion: Who is Mohamed Harbi?", "output": "Mohamed Harbi is an Algerian historian who was a member of the FLN during the Algerian War of Independence."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Plant defense against herbivory or host-plant resistance (HPR) is a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores. Plants can sense being touched, and they can use several strategies to defend against damage caused by herbivores. Many plants produce secondary metabolites, known as allelochemicals, that influence the behavior, growth, or survival of herbivores. These chemical defenses can act as repellents or toxins to herbivores or reduce plant digestibility. Another defensive strategy of plants is changing their attractiveness. To prevent overconsumption by large herbivores, plants alter their appearance by changing their size or quality, reducing the rate at which they are consumed. Other defensive strategies used by plants include escaping or avoiding herbivores at any time in any placefor example, by growing in a location where plants are not easily found or accessed by herbivores or by changing seasonal growth patterns.\n\nStripper's Union is a Canadian rock band consisting of Rob Baker (vocals, guitar), Craig Northey (vocals, guitar), Doug Elliott (bass guitar), Simon Kendall (piano), and Pat Steward (drums). The band have to date released three albums in 2005, 2011 and 2021. Northey, Elliott and Steward are all current members of Odds and Sharkskin. Kendall was formerly with Doug and the Slugs as well as Sharkskin. Baker was a member of The Tragically Hip. Many of the band's songs are written by Baker and Northey. History In 2005, they released their debut album, Stripper's Union Local 518. It features songs recorded at The Bathouse Recording Studio in Bath, Ontario in December, 2004. The Kids in the Hall member Dave Foley is listed as a co-writer of the song, \"Give Up and Go Away\", originally written for his wife, Crissy. \"Give Up and Go Away\" was released as a single and peaked\n\nLiscard and Poulton railway station was located in Wallasey, Wirral, Cheshire and was an intermediate station on the Seacombe branch of the Wirral Railway. History The station opened to passengers on 1 June 1895, hosting regular passenger services to Wrexham, Chester, West Kirby and New Brighton. The station consisted of an island platform, located deep in a sandstone cutting accessed from a road bridge on Mill Lane, with a booking office at street level. A coal siding with an adjoining sloping approach road were also located at the station. Passenger numbers were poor, although the line was also regularly used by goods traffic. When the majority of the Wirral Railway was electrified in 1938, the Seacombe branch was omitted. Closure The station was closed to passengers on 4 January 1960, although the line did continue to serve goods trains up until 1963. The route was then used to form the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Plant defense against herbivory is.", "output": "Plant defense against herbivory or host-plant resistance is a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The H\u00f4tel-Dieu (; \"God Shelter\") is a public hospital located on the \u00cele de la Cit\u00e9 in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, on the parvis of Notre-Dame. Tradition has it that the hospital was founded by Saint Landry in 651 AD, but the first official records date it to 829, making it the oldest in France and possibly the oldest continuously operating hospital in the world. The H\u00f4tel-Dieu was the only hospital in the city until the beginning of the 17th century. The original H\u00f4tel-Dieu stood on the banks of the Seine on the southern side of the \u00cele de la Cit\u00e9. It was ravaged by fire several times and was rebuilt for the last time at its present location on the north side of the parvis of Notre Dame between 1867 and 1878, as part of Haussmann's renovation of Paris. Nowadays operated by Assistance publique \u2013 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris\n\nAlfred Hartley (11 April 1879 \u2013 9 October 1918) was a first-class cricketer who played for Lancashire. He was killed in action during World War I. Hartley was a solid, defensive right-handed opening batsman from the West Indies who had a fairly brief career in English county cricket. He made his first-class debut in 1907, made 1,000 runs at a respectable average in both 1908 and 1909, but only really came to the fore in 1910 when, with 1,585 runs at an average of nearly 37 runs per innings, he was selected for the Gentlemen v Players matches at The Oval and Lord's. He did little in the first match, but in the second, though scoring only 24 and 35, he impressed the editor of Wisden sufficiently to be named in the 1911 edition as one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year. His big innings of the season\n\nA float switch is a type of level sensor, a device used to detect the level of liquid within a tank. The switch may be used to control a pump, as an indicator, an alarm, or to control other devices. One type of float switch uses a mercury switch inside a hinged float. Another common type is a float that raises a rod to actuate a microswitch. One pattern uses a reed switch mounted in a tube; a float, containing a magnet, surrounds the tube and is guided by it. When the float raises the magnet to the reed switch, it closes. Several reeds can be mounted in the tube for different level indications by one assembly. A very common application is in sump pumps and condensate pumps where the switch detects the rising level of liquid in the sump or tank and energizes an electrical pump which then pumps\n\nQuestion: What's H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Paris?", "output": "The H\u00f4tel-Dieu is a public hospital located on the \u00cele de la Cit\u00e9 in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, on the parvis of Notre-Dame."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Marviel Underwood (born February 17, 1982) is a former American football safety. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the fourth round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He played college football at San Diego State. Underwood was also a member of the Denver Broncos, Oakland Raiders, and California Redwoods. Early years Underwood attended San Leandro High School in San Leandro, California, where he earned numerous local awards, including All-Hayward Area Athletic League first-team honors as both a running back (1998 and 1999) and cornerback (1999). In his senior year, he rushed for 1,300 yards and 18 touchdowns, had 3 touchdowns on 4 interceptions, and returned 2 kickoffs for touchdowns. His school's rivalry was with Bishop O'Dowd High School. Ironically, linebacker Kirk Morrison attended Bishop O'Dowd. The two would later attend San Diego State. College career At San Diego State, Underwood was named honorable mention All-Mountain West Conference his\n\nTolgay \u00d6zbey (born 12 April 1986) is an Australian professional soccer player, who last played for Rockdale City Suns in the National Premier Leagues NSW as a striker. Biography Australian Clubs Early in his career, \u00d6zbey was recognized for his contributions as a striker with Blacktown City Demons during which he was chosen as the NSW Premier League \"Player of the Year\" in 2006 and won the competition's top goal scorer award (Andreas Golden Boot Award) back-to-back in 2006 and 2007. The successful period in 2006 led to his recruitment on loan by A-League side Sydney FC for their 2005\u201306 season finals campaign. \u00d6zbey's first appearance for Sydney came on 12 February 2006, as a substitute in the first leg of the semi-final against Adelaide United at Hindmarsh Stadium. Although \u00d6zbey was given a few minutes of game time during the final minutes of the first leg of the semi-final\n\nHambleden Mill is an historic watermill on the River Thames at Mill End, near the village of Hambleden in Buckinghamshire, England. It is linked by a footbridge to Hambleden Lock, which is on the Berkshire side of the river. It was Grade II listed in 1955 and has now been converted into flats. Alongside the mill is Hambleden Marina which occupies two islands. Along the river frontage to the south-east is the site of a Roman Villa. History A mill at Hambleden is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086, when it was held by Queen Matilda and had a rent of 20 shillings/year, as well as a fishery that yielded 1,000 eels annually. Before 1235 the mill was granted to Keynsham Abbey. Alison Uttley described it as \"The most beautiful place in the whole length of the long Thames valley.\" The oldest part of the present mill building was\n\nQuestion: What's Hambleden Mill?", "output": "Hambleden Mill is an historic watermill on the River Thames at Mill End, near the village of Hambleden in Buckinghamshire, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Andrus Veerpalu (born 8 February 1971) is a retired Estonian cross-country skier. He is Estonia's most successful Winter Olympian, having won the gold medal in men's 15 km classical in 2002 and 2006, and silver in men's 50 km classical in 2002. Career On 17 February 2006 Veerpalu won his second Winter Olympics gold medal (in 15 km cross country skiing; his previous gold medal is from the Salt Lake City games), becoming the fourth Estonian to have won two Olympic gold medals (Kristjan Palusalu, Erika Salum\u00e4e and Kristina \u0160migun-V\u00e4hi are the first three). He is the most successful Olympic athlete from Estonia with three medals. (Kristina \u0160migun-V\u00e4hi tied that record at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics) Veerpalu has also found success at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, winning a gold at 15 km in 2009 at Liberec, 30 km in 2001 at Lahti and a silver at 50\n\nFairhill is a neighborhood on the east side of the North Philadelphia section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Fairhill is bordered by Front Street to the east, Germantown Avenue (10th Street) to the west, Allegheny Avenue to the north, and Cumberland Street to the south. The neighborhood serves as the center of the Hispanic community of Philadelphia, and is known for its \"El Centro de Oro\" commercial strip along North 5th Street. Fairhill is adjacent to Harrowgate and West Kensington to the east, Hartranft to the south, Glenwood to the west, and Hunting Park to the north. History The area that is now the Fairhill neighborhood was at one time home to the Isaac Norris family's Fair Hill estate. Norris was an early merchant and later mayor of Philadelphia. It is also home to the Fair Hill Burial Ground, a cemetery that Quakers established in 1703. George Fox obtained the\n\nCLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) is a modular chemistry transport model (CTM) system developed at Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, Germany. CLaMS was first described by McKenna et al. (2000a,b) and was expanded into three dimensions by Konopka et al. (2004). CLaMS has been employed in recent European field campaigns THESEO, EUPLEX, TROCCINOX SCOUT-O3, and RECONCILE with a focus on simulating ozone depletion and water vapour transport. Major strengths of CLaMS in comparison to other CTMs are its applicability for reverse domain filling studies its anisotropic mixing scheme its integrability with arbitrary observational data its comprehensive chemistry scheme CLaMS gridding Unlike other CTMs (e.g. SLIMCAT, REPROBUS), CLaMS operates on a Lagrangian model grid (see section about model grids in general circulation model): an air parcel is described by three space coordinates and a time coordinate. The time evolution path that an air parcels traces in space is called a trajectory. A\n\nQuestion: Who was Andrus Veerpalu?", "output": "Andrus Veerpalu is a retired Estonian cross-country skier."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Absalom ( \u02beA\u1e07\u0161\u0101l\u014dm, \"father of peace\") was the third son of David, King of Israel with Maacah, daughter of Talmai, King of Geshur. 2 Samuel 14:25 describes him as the handsomest man in the kingdom. Absalom eventually rebelled against his father and was killed during the Battle of Ephraim's Wood. Biblical account Background Absalom, David's third son, by Maacah, was born in Hebron. At an early age, he moved, along with the transfer of the capital, to Jerusalem, where he spent most of his life. He was a great favorite of his father and of the people. His charming manners, personal beauty, insinuating ways, love of pomp, and royal pretensions captivated the hearts of the people from the beginning. He lived in great style, drove in a magnificent chariot, and had fifty men run before him. Little is known of Absalom's family life, but the biblical narrative states that he\n\nFranti\u0161ek Matou\u0161 Kl\u00e1cel (April 8, 1808, \u010cesk\u00e1 T\u0159ebov\u00e1, Bohemia \u2013 March 17, 1882, Belle Plaine, Iowa, US) was a Czech author, philosopher, pedagogue, and journalist. Since 1827 he was an Augustinian friar in Brno, co-brother of Gregor Mendel. A Varied Man During his rich and varied life Kl\u00e1cel used several pseudonyms (Franti\u0161ek T\u0159ebovsk\u00fd, J. P. Jordan, and while he was abroad he used the name Ladim\u00edr K.) He also called himself Matou\u0161 Franti\u0161ek K.- Matou\u0161 had been his monastic name. He was born into a poor family, and his father was a cobbler. After basic school in T\u0159ebov\u00e1 and junior school he went to grammar school in Litomy\u0161l and after graduating spent the next two years studying philosophy. In 1827 he went to the Augustinian monastery in Brno where he became a member of the order and spent the years 1829\u201332 studying at the Brno theological institute. In 1833 he\n\nThe American snout or common snout butterfly (Libytheana carinenta) is a member of the subfamily Libytheinae in the brush-footed butterfly family, Nymphalidae. This species is found in both North and South America. The larval host plants are Celtis species on which the eggs are laid singly. Massive migrations of this species often attract attention in the Texas and Mexican newspapers. Description Snout butterflies have prominent elongated mouthparts (labial palpi) which, in concert with the antennae, give the appearance of the petiole (stem) of a dead leaf. Snouts often take advantage of this superb camouflage by hanging upside down under a twig, making them nearly invisible. Wings are patterned black-brown with white and orange markings. The forewings have a distinctive squared off, hook-like (falcate) tip. The caterpillars appear humpbacked, having a small head, swollen first and second abdominal segments, and a last abdominal segment which is tapered and rounded. They are\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Franti\u0161ek Kl\u00e1cel is.", "output": "Franti\u0161ek Matou\u0161 Kl\u00e1cel was a Czech author, philosopher, pedagogue, and journalist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bruno Senna Lalli (, born 15 October 1983) is a Brazilian professional racing driver. He is the nephew of the late Ayrton Senna, three-time Formula One world champion. He is also the first driver to win a race in every class in the FIA World Endurance Championship, and was the 2017 WEC world champion in the LMP2 class. Bruno Senna raced in Formula One from 2010 to 2012. He made his debut driving for Hispania Racing in 2010, raced for Renault from August 2011 as a replacement for Nick Heidfeld, and drove for the Williams team in 2012. Between 2014 and 2016, he drove for Mahindra Racing in Formula E. His mother is Ayrton's older sister, Viviane. His father, Fl\u00e1vio Lalli, died in a motorcycle crash in 1996. The colour scheme of Bruno's helmet is a slightly modified version of that used by his uncle Ayrton. Career Early career Born\n\nStrange Wine is a 1978 short story collection by American writer Harlan Ellison. Contents The book contains the following stories (as well as Ellison's own introduction for each tale): \"Introduction: Revealed at Last! What Killed the Dinosaurs! And You Don't Look So Terrific Yourself\" \"Croatoan\" \"Working With the Little People\" \"Killing Bernstein\" \"Mom\" \"In Fear of K\" \"Hitler Painted Roses\" \"The Wine Has Been Left Open Too Long and the Memory Has Gone Flat\" \"From A to Z, in the Chocolate Alphabet\" \"Lonely Women are the Vessels of Time\" \"Emissary from Hamelin\" \"The New York Review of Bird\" \"Seeing\" \"The Boulevard of Broken Dreams\" \"Strange Wine\" \"The Diagnosis of Dr. D'arqueAngel\" Reception Ellison wrote \"Strange Wine\" while sitting in the window of Westwood-area science fiction bookstore, A Change of Hobbit. Stephen King considered this one of the best horror fiction books published between 1950 and 1980 in his 1981 non-fiction\n\nThe mangrove black hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus subtilis) is a neotropical bird of prey in the family Accipitridae native to South and Central America. Briefly treated as a distinct species, Buteogallus subtilis, recent evidence strongly suggests it should be considered a subspecies of the common black hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus). Range and habitat The mangrove black hawk is a resident breeding bird from eastern Panama, through western Colombia and Ecuador, to far north-western Peru. Previously, it was incorrectly believed to occur as far north as Mexico, but all individuals from western Panama and northwards are nominate common black hawk. This is a mainly coastal bird of Pacific mangrove swamps, estuaries and adjacent dry open woodland, which builds a large stick nest in a mangrove tree, and usually lays one dark-blotched whitish egg. Characteristics The adult mangrove black hawk is 43\u201353 cm long and weighs around 930 g. It has very broad wings,\n\nQuestion: Who is Bruno Senna?", "output": "Bruno Senna Lalli is a Brazilian professional racing driver."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "An antipope () is a person who claims to be Bishop of Rome and leader of the Catholic Church in opposition to the legitimately elected pope. Between the 3rd and mid-15th centuries, antipopes were supported by factions within the Church itself and secular rulers. Sometimes it was difficult to distinguish which of two claimants should be called pope and which antipope, as in the case of Pope Leo VIII and Pope Benedict V. History Hippolytus of Rome (d. 235) is commonly considered to be the earliest antipope, as he headed a separate group within the Church in Rome against Pope Callixtus I. Hippolytus was reconciled to Callixtus's second successor, Pope Pontian, and both he and Pontian are honoured as saints by the Catholic Church with a shared feast day on 13 August. Whether two or more persons have been confused in this account of Hippolytus and whether Hippolytus actually declared\n\nFort Baker is one of the components of California's Golden Gate National Recreation Area. The Fort, which borders the City of Sausalito in Marin County and is connected to San Francisco by the Golden Gate Bridge, served as an Army post until the mid-1990s, when the headquarters of the 91st Division moved to Parks Reserve Forces Training Area. It is located opposite Fort Point at the entrance to the San Francisco Bay. Fort Baker was previously named the Lime Point Military Reservation. It was renamed in 1897. Fort Baker is named for Edward Dickinson Baker, a former U.S. Senator from Oregon. Active in California politics in the 1850s, Baker lost his life while leading a regiment of Union troops in the Civil War. He and his wife are buried in the San Francisco National Cemetery at the Presidio. Fort Baker was included in a historic district listing on the National\n\nPrime STH were a Swedish alternative rock quartet from Stockholm, Sweden. The band, which included vocalist Noa Mod\u00e9n, guitarist Martin P\u00e5hlsson, bassist Jesper Eksjoo, and drummer Kasper Lindgren, was formed while the members were teenagers. They have released two studio albums: Underneath the Surface (2001) and Beautiful Awakening (2004). Their most popular song \"I'm Stupid (Don't Worry 'Bout Me)\", a single from Underneath the Surface, was written by Max Martin and reached the top 30 of the Billboard Alternative Songs and Mainstream Rock charts. Career 2001: Underneath the Surface On 26 June 2001, the band released their debut album, Underneath the Surface, on Giant/Warner Bros.. In the United States, it was released the week of 9 July 2001, by Reprise Records. The album received generally mixed reviews from music critics, holding a score of 60 out of 100 on review aggregator Album of the Year. A review by Devon Powers\n\nQuestion: What is Antipope?", "output": "An antipope is a person who claims to be Bishop of Rome and leader of the Catholic Church in opposition to the legitimately elected pope."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Christian Wilhelm Engel Bredal Olss\u00f8n (5 April 1844 \u2013 3 November 1915) was a Norwegian military officer and politician. Olss\u00f8n was born in Horten in Vestfold, Norway. He was the son of Edvard Olss\u00f8n (1820\u20131867) and Leonore Rebecca Bredal (1820\u20131910). He received a military education at the Norwegian Military Academy (1866) and Norwegian Military College (1870). He received additional education at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm (1872\u20131874). He was appointed major general in 1896. In 1898, he was commander at Oscarsborg, 1899 inspector general for coastal artillery. In 1907, he became lieutenant-general. He retired from military service in 1912 as commanding general. He served as Minister of Defence 1893\u20131894, 1895\u20131898, 1905\u20131907, and member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm 1894\u20131895. References 1844 births 1915 deaths People from Horten Norwegian Army generals Norwegian Military Academy alumni KTH Royal Institute of Technology alumni Norwegian people of Swedish descent\n\nAmateur boxing is a variant of boxing practiced at the collegiate level, at the Olympic Games, Pan American Games and Commonwealth Games, as well as many associations. Amateur boxing bouts are short in duration, comprising three rounds of three minutes in men, and four rounds of two minutes in women, each with a one-minute interval between rounds. Men's senior bouts changed in format from four two-minute rounds to three three-minute rounds on January 1, 2009. This type of competition prizes point-scoring blows, based on number of clean punches landed, rather than physical power. Also, this short format allows tournaments to feature several bouts over several days, unlike professional boxing, where fighters rest several months between bouts. A referee monitors the fight to ensure that competitors use only legal blows (a belt worn over the torso represents the lower limit of punches \u2013 any boxer repeatedly landing \"low blows\" is disqualified).\n\nThe Linnaean enterprise is the task of identifying and describing all living species. It is named after Carl Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist, ecologist and physician who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. As of 2006, the Linnaean enterprise is considered to be barely begun. There are estimated to be 10 million living species, but only about 1.5-1.8 million have been even named, and fewer than 1% of these have been studied enough to understand the basics of their ecological roles. Linnaean enterprise plays a larger role in applied science and basic science. With applied science, it can assist in finding new natural products and species (bioprospecting) and effective conservation practices. It allows for an understanding of evolutionary biology and how ecosystems function in basic science. The cost of completing the Linnaean Enterprise has been estimated at US $5 billion. Name Carl Linnaeus (1707\u20131778) was one of the\n\nQuestion: Define Amateur boxing.", "output": "Amateur boxing is a variant of boxing practiced at the collegiate level, at the Olympic Games, Pan American Games and Commonwealth Games, as well as many associations."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Brisbane Knights Football Club is an Australian soccer club from Rocklea, a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The club currently plays in the Brisbane Premier League, the first tier of senior football in Brisbane (third tier in Queensland and fourth overall in Australia). History The club was initially formed in 1952 under the name HNK Croatia Brisbane but struggled to sustain a full squad of players for the entire season, so the club disbanded. With the steady growth of the Croatian community in following years, the club was reformed in 1957. On 15 May 1957 the club was registered with the governing federation as an official soccer club. The club also played under the names New Farm SC (from 1971-1974), Sunnyside United SC (1975-1987), Croatia Soccer Club (1988), Brisbane Croatia Soccer Club and Rocklea United SC. In the early years the club played at council grounds throughout Brisbane until 1970,\n\nThe International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) is an intergovernmental organization that works to support and strengthen democratic institutions and processes around the world, to develop sustainable, effective and legitimate democracies. It has regional offices in Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia and the Pacific and Africa and West Asia. The organization is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. Kevin Casas Zamora is the secretary-general as of August 2019. Previously, Casas Zamora was Costa Rica's second Vice President and Minister of National Planning. Yves Leterme, former deputy secretary-general at the OECD and former Prime Minister of Belgium, was the previous secretary-general from 2014 to 2019. Leterme replaced Vidar Helgesen. International IDEA is an official United Nations Observer. History The early 1990s were marked by challenges to democracy worldwide. The violent crackdown in Tiananmen Square in China happened in 1989, and Chile, Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina were all on\n\nBe\u010di\u0107i (Cyrillic: \u0411\u0435\u0447\u0438\u045b\u0438, ) is a town in the municipality of Budva, Montenegro. It is located south-east of Budva, and has 895 permanent residents (2011 census). Overview It has a 1,950-metre-long sandy beach along the southern Adriatic. In 1935 it won the Grand Prix in Paris as the most beautiful beach in Europe. Several sections of the beach are private and are only accessible to the hotel guests. In contrast to Budva's large number of private housing units, Be\u010di\u0107i town mostly consists of medium and large hotels. Some of them, such as the Mediteran, Iberostar Bellevue and Queen of Montenegro have been extensively refurbished, while the most significant greenfield addition was the Hotel Splendid, a luxurious five-star resort that cost 70 million euros to build. It was the choice of The Rolling Stones and Madonna as well as Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie during their stay in Montenegro. Demographics According\n\nQuestion: What is International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance?", "output": "The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance is an intergovernmental organization that works to support and strengthen democratic institutions and processes around the world, to develop sustainable, effective and legitimate democracies."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "KWES-TV (channel 9) is a television station licensed to Odessa, Texas, United States, serving the Permian Basin area as an affiliate of NBC. The station is owned by Tegna Inc. and maintains studios on West County Road 127 near the Midland International Air and Space Port, between Odessa and Midland; its transmitter is located near Notrees, Texas. Channel 9 in west Texas signed on as KVKM-TV from Monahans, Texas, in 1958. A small ABC affiliate, the station was a relatively minor player in the regional television market. The station was owned by Grayson Enterprises in the 1970s under the KMOM-TV call sign; allegations of falsified program logs and other violations, as well as the gutting of Grayson-owned KWAB (channel 4, now KCWO-TV) in Big Spring to rebroadcast KMOM-TV, led to license renewal hearings that culminated in a distress sale to a minority-owned company, Permian Basin Television Corporation. The new owners\n\nA scale of vowels is an arrangement of vowels in order of perceived \"pitch\". A scale used for poetry in American English lists the vowels by the frequency of the second formant (the higher of the two overtones that define a vowel sound). Starting with the highest, {| class=\"IPA wikitable\" ! vowel ! example |- |i\u02d0 |key |- |e\u026a |cane |- |a\u026a |kite |- |\u026a |kit |- |\u025b |ken |- |\u00e6 |cat |- |\u025d\u02d0 |cur |- |\u028c |cut |- |\u0251\u02d0 |cot, car |- |a\u028a |cow |- |\u0254\u026a |coy |- |\u0254\u02d0 |caught, core |- |\u028a |could |- | o\u028a | coat |- | u\u02d0 | cool, cute |} In technical terms, this listing goes from front vowels to back vowels. It is by no means precise enough for phonology. For one thing, the sounds with or as the second symbol are diphthongs, during which the formants change. Also, many American accents\n\nAlan Unwin is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He served as Mayor of St. Catharines from 1994 to 1997. Career Unwin served as principal at Carlton School and Ferndale School in St. Catharines (Toronto Star, 20 October 1987; Hamilton Spectator, 28 June 1994). He also chaired the St. Catharines Transit Commission in the mid-1980s (Globe and Mail, 23 March 1985). He was elected mayor in late 1994, winning election in a crowded field of nine candidates (Toronto Star, 13 October 1997). He attempted to ban lap dancing in the city, and strongly opposed a 1995 court decision which legalized the practice (Winnipeg Free Press, 9 December 1995). He attended a rally for the Reform Party in May 1997, in which party leader Preston Manning called for federal prisoners to be stripped of their voting rights (Kitchener-Waterloo Record, 16 May 1997). (It may be noted that Paul Bernardo and Karla Homolka,\n\nQuestion: What's Alan Unwin?", "output": "Alan Unwin is a politician in Ontario, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Elisabeth Sch\u00fcssler Fiorenza (born 1938) is a Romanian-born German, Roman Catholic feminist theologian, who is currently the Krister Stendahl Research Professor of Divinity at Harvard Divinity School. Life Elisabeth Sch\u00fcssler was born on April 17, 1938, in Cenad, a locality in the Banat region of the Kingdom of Romania, where she belonged to the Banat Swabian German-speaking Catholic population of an ethnically mixed community. As the Russian army advanced through Romania in late 1944, she and her parents fled to southern Germany. They subsequently moved to Frankfurt, where she attended local schools. She then received her Theologicum (Licentiate of Sacred Theology) from the University of W\u00fcrzburg in 1963, her thesis published in German as Der vergessene Partner (The Forgotten Partner) in 1964. She subsequently earned a Doctor of Sacred Theology degree from the University of M\u00fcnster. In 1967 she married Francis Sch\u00fcssler Fiorenza, an American theologian who was studying in\n\nPete Prown (born 1963) is an American writer and magazine editor, painter, guitarist, and music journalist. He has worked as the editor-in-chief of Guitar Shop magazine and music editor for Vintage Guitar. His writing has also appeared in publications such as Guitar Player and Guitar for the Practicing Musician, among dozens of other magazines. Works Paintings. Samples of Pete Prown's acclaimed artwork can be found on his website. Recordings. Beginning in 2006, released a series of indie CDs showcasing his noted guitar work and receiving strong reviews: Guitar Garden - China Rose (2006) Guitar Garden - Secret Space (2007) Sir Clive & the Raging Cartographers - Guitar Safari (2009) Guitar Garden - Guitar Garden III (2011) Oval Planet - Trench Poems (2019) Gordon/Prown/King - Moorish Code (2020) Miscellaneous recordings (2019-2022) Music Journalism. From 1993 to 1998 Prown was the editor in chief of the international magazine Guitar Shop, followed by\n\nThe splendid toadfish (Sanopus splendidus) also called the coral toadfish and the Cozumel splendid toadfish is a species of toadfish once believed to be entirely endemic to the island of Cozumel but have been found on the reefs of Honduras all the way up to Cancun. Commonly found under coral outcroppings. Dens can be spotted by the sloping sand patch. They are very difficult to coax out in the open. Unlike any other member of the toadfish family, the splendid toadfish is distinctive for its vibrant colors. It has bright yellow fins which also contain distinctive patterning, while its head contains dark and white stripes. The species has a total of eight fins; two dorsal fins, two pectoral fins, two pelvic fins, a caudal fin and an anal fin. The midline of the upper body contains the two dorsal fins; a short fin with sharp spines in 3 spots and\n\nQuestion: What is Splendid toadfish?", "output": "The splendid toadfish also called the coral toadfish and the Cozumel splendid toadfish is a species of toadfish once believed to be entirely endemic to the island of Cozumel but have been found on the reefs of Honduras all the way up to Cancun."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mi\u0137elis Valters (born May 7, 1874, April 24 O.S., died March 25, 1968) was the first Latvian Minister of the Interior (1918\u20141919), member of the New Current intellectual movement, lawyer, politician, diplomat, social activist, and one of the authors of the Latvian Constitution. He was the first social activist who publicly advocated for a sovereign Latvian state. In the 1903 journal \"Prolet\u0101rietis\" (The Proletarian) he wrote the article \"Patvald\u012bbu nost! Krieviju nost!\" (Off with the Monarchy! Off with Russia!) Recipient of the Order of the Three Stars Commander Grand Cross (1st class). Early life and education Valters was born May 7, 1874, in Liep\u0101ja into the family of dockworker P\u0113teris Valters and wife Zane. He received his basic education at Liep\u0101ja's Church of St. Anne elementary school, subsequently at the Liep\u0101ja City School, while working as a typesetter's apprentice. In 1889 he began working at the Jaunliep\u0101ja railroad workshops, and\n\nBaltimore classification is a system used to classify viruses based on their manner of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis. By organizing viruses based on their manner of mRNA production, it is possible to study viruses that behave similarly as a distinct group. Seven Baltimore groups are described that take into consideration whether the viral genome is made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA), whether the genome is single- or double-stranded, and whether the sense of a single-stranded RNA genome is positive or negative. Baltimore classification also closely corresponds to the manner of replicating the genome, so Baltimore classification is useful for grouping viruses together for both transcription and replication. Certain subjects pertaining to viruses are associated with multiple, specific Baltimore groups, such as specific forms of translation of mRNA and the host range of different types of viruses. Structural characteristics such as the shape of the viral capsid, which\n\nAnn Sanders (born 15 March 1960), is an Australian television journalist and news presenter. Sanders currently presents Seven Morning News and Seven Afternoon News Sydney. Career Sanders began her broadcasting career with SAS-7 in Adelaide, South Australia as a weather presenter before moving to Seven Perth. During this time she won two consecutive (1981/1982) Logie Awards for Most Popular Female Personality in Western Australia. She moved to Sydney in 1983 to join Network Ten as a consumer reporter and news presenter before returning to the Seven Network as a news presenter in 1988. Sanders joined the national morning news program 11AM in 1990 and travelled to Chernobyl, reporting on the radiation fall-out disaster. Sanders started presenting the weeknight edition of Seven News Sydney in 1995, before being joined by Ross Symonds in 1998 until she moved to weekends in 2004. She stayed until May 2006 when she swapped roles with\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Ann Sanders.", "output": "Ann Sanders, is an Australian television journalist and news presenter."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Richard 'Ricky' Barham (born 28 November 1958) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Recruited from South Warrnambool, Barham had a successful career early with Collingwood Football Club as a quick wingman. He could find the ball and his skills were sound, but his pace was his main asset. He debuted in 1977 against Hawthorn and kicked five goals from the wing against Rodney Eade. Ultimately while Barham played in five grand finals, including both 1977 Grand Finals he never won a premiership. Barham played 151 VFL games over 10 seasons before retiring in 1986 to tour Australia with then partner Wendy Freer, who he later married and had two children, Jaxson and Charlie. Later Barham worked for 15 years as the National Recruiting Manager for the Sydney Swans. During his time at the Swans Barham drafted a majority of the club's most\n\nA boat is a watercraft of a large range of types and sizes, but generally smaller than a ship, which is distinguished by its larger size, shape, cargo or passenger capacity, or its ability to carry boats. Small boats are typically found on inland waterways such as rivers and lakes, or in protected coastal areas. However, some boats, such as the whaleboat, were intended for use in an offshore environment. In modern naval terms, a boat is a vessel small enough to be carried aboard a ship. Boats vary in proportion and construction methods with their intended purpose, available materials, or local traditions. Canoes have been used since prehistoric times and remain in use throughout the world for transportation, fishing, and sport. Fishing boats vary widely in style partly to match local conditions. Pleasure craft used in recreational boating include ski boats, pontoon boats, and sailboats. House boats may be\n\nThe Big Bang event is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature. Various cosmological models of the Big Bang explain the evolution of the observable universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale form. These models offer a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, and large-scale structure. The overall uniformity of the Universe, known as the flatness problem, is explained through cosmic inflation: a sudden and very rapid expansion of space during the earliest moments. However, physics currently lacks a widely accepted theory of quantum gravity that can successfully model the earliest conditions of the Big Bang. Crucially, these models are compatible with the Hubble\u2013Lema\u00eetre law\u2014the observation that the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from Earth.\n\nQuestion: What's Big Bang?", "output": "The Big Bang event is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bhadrak is a city of Odisha state in eastern India. The city is the district headquarters of Bhadrak district. According to legend, the city derives its name from the Goddess Bhadrakali, whose temple is on the banks of the Salandi River. History According to legend, Bhadrak derives its name from the Goddess Bhadrakali, whose temple is situated on the southwest outskirts of the town. It is an ancient land, dating from the age of the Puranas. Bhadrak's contribution to Odisha's maritime and agrarian prosperity, trade, and commerce throughout the ages is a part of history. In the Mughal period, Bhadrak was a subah, or province, under the Nawabs of Bengal. When the imperial power of the Mughals waned, the area consisted of principalities such as Kanika, Nampo, and Agarapada, with administrative sub-units called chowparhies, all ruled by Kshatriya chiefs. After the occupation of Odisha by the British in June 1804,\n\nA self-report study is a type of survey, questionnaire, or poll in which respondents read the question and select a response by themselves without any outside interference. A self-report is any method which involves asking a participant about their feelings, attitudes, beliefs and so on. Examples of self-reports are questionnaires and interviews; self-reports are often used as a way of gaining participants' responses in observational studies and experiments. Self-report studies have validity problems. Patients may exaggerate symptoms in order to make their situation seem worse, or they may under-report the severity or frequency of symptoms in order to minimize their problems. Patients might also simply be mistaken or misremember the material covered by the survey. Questionnaires and interviews Questionnaires are a type of self-report method which consist of a set of questions usually in a highly structured written form. Questionnaires can contain both open questions and closed questions and participants\n\nGudur is a town in Tirupati district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality and the headquarters of Gudur mandal and Gudur revenue division. Demographics census of India, the town had a population of . The total population constitute, males, females and children, in the age group of 0\u20136 years. The average literacy rate stands at 71.07% with literates. Geography Climate The climate here is tropical. The summers here have a good deal of rainfall, while the winters have very little. This location is classified as Aw by K\u00f6ppen and Geiger. In Gudur, the average annual temperature is 29.2 \u00b0C. About 1025 mm of precipitation falls annually. Governance Civic administration The municipality was established in the year 1954. Its jurisdictional area covers . The urban agglomeration of the town consists of Gudur municipality and its out growths. The out growths include Guduru (east), Guduru (west), Chennuru\u2013II,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Bhadrak is.", "output": "Bhadrak is a city of Odisha state in eastern India."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dili Municipality (, ) is one of the 14 municipalities, formerly districts, of Timor-Leste, and includes the national capital Dili. The municipality had a population of 277,279 , most of whom live in the capital city. Etymology Several explanations have been proffered for the origin of the municipality's name. It is often explained, including by the municipality's own website, as being derived from the Tetum word , which means pawpaw. According to Australian linguist, ethnologist and historian Geoffrey Hull, however, that explanation is phonologically and historically implausible, as the language spoken in the area now known as Dili before the Portuguese established their seat of administration there in 1769 was Mambai, not Tetum. Hull describes such explanations as \"folk etymology\". In Hull's view, the word Dili appears to be cognate with the Bunak word zili (), a reference to the escarpment behind the city; he comments that a Papuan language,\n\nWilliam Du Bois Duddell (1 July 1872, in Kensington, London \u2013 4 November 1917, in Wandsworth, London) was an English physicist and electrical engineer. His inventions include the moving coil oscillograph, as well as the thermo-ammeter and thermo-galvanometer. Life and career Duddell was born William Du Bois to Frances Kate Du Bois, who married George Duddell in 1881. At the age of four he constructed an automaton by combining a toy mouse with clockwork. His younger sister Gladys Duddell was a tennis player. Duddell was privately educated in England and France and rose quickly through the prestigious City & Guilds Schools via scholarships. He died at the age of 45. Duddell's \"singing arc\" Prior to the invention of the incandescent light bulb, arc lamps were used to light the streets. They created light using an electrical arc between two carbon electrodes. These lamps often produced audible humming, hissing, or even\n\nPatrick \"Pat\" LaCroix (born 1938) is a Canadian musician and photographer. Early life and education LaCroix attended the Westlake College of Music in Los Angeles. Career While at college La Croix was part of The Four Winds vocal quartet with fellow student Gordon Lightfoot. He was a founding member of the folk band The Colonials, with Denny Doherty, Richard Byrne and Zal Yanovsky; the band later became The Halifax III. This group recorded two LP albums for Epic records in New York and performed on several national TV show in Canada and the US, including Sing Along With Mitch and The Merv Griffin Show. In 1965, LaCroix began his commercial photographic career, and musically returned to his first love, singing Jazz. LaCroix has received more the 60 awards for his photography and in 2008 was awarded The Lifetime Achievement award by the Canadian Association of Photographers and Illustrators in Communication.\n\nQuestion: Tell me what William Duddell is.", "output": "William Du Bois Duddell was an English physicist and electrical engineer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Marion Danne \"Bill\" Adair (February 10, 1913 \u2013 June 17, 2002) was an American coach and interim manager in Major League Baseball (MLB). A second baseman, he was a career minor-league player who never rose about the Class AA level but who spent 21 years as a manager in the minors. History Born in Mobile, Alabama, Adair was a manager in the Braves organization (he managed farm clubs for all three cities the Braves played in), as well as the Detroit Tigers, San Diego Padres, Montreal Expos, and the Chicago White Sox organizations. Adair was later a major league scout for the Philadelphia Phillies. He compiled a 1,611-1,305 (.552) record in the minors, but his managing career in the major leagues was limited to ten games with the 1970 White Sox which was en route to a franchise-worst 56\u2013106 finish. He had succeeded Don Gutteridge on an interim basis on\n\nBallyrashane () is a small village and civil parish outside Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. The civil parish of Ballyrashane covers areas of County Antrim (in the historic barony of Dunluce Lower), as well as County Londonderry (in the historic barony of North East Liberties of Coleraine). It is part of Causeway Coast and Glens district. It is well known for its creamery, Ballyrashane Creamery, which processes milk, butter and cheese for shops and supermarkets all over Ireland and Europe. Ballyrashane Flute Band recently celebrated their 100th year (2008). They are a traditional \"First Flute\" marching band, and are known locally as \"The White Army\" due to their distinctive uniform. There are two churches in Ballyrashane - the Presbyterian, and St John's Church of Ireland Civil parish of Ballyrashane Townlands The civil parish contains the following townlands: A Articrunaght North, Articrunaght South B Ballindreen Irish, Ballindreen Scotch, Ballynag Lower, Ballynag\n\nJuan Enrique Ibarra Pedroza (born August 16, 1952, in Tototl\u00e1n, Jalisco) is a Mexican politician who in 2006 ran as the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) candidate to the 2006 Jalisco gubernatorial election. Ibarra holds a bachelor's degree in law from the Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG). He was an active member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in his native Jalisco; he served as local deputy in the Congress of Jalisco from 1983 to 1986 and from 1992 to 1995. He also served in the Chamber of Deputies of Mexico. In November 2005 he resigned to the PRI because he wanted to run for governor since 1996 so he changed to the PRD and they make him the PRD candidate in Jalisco. He lost the election in third place against the PAN candidate. See also 2006 Jalisco state election References 1952 births Living people University of Guadalajara alumni Members\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Ballyrashane is.", "output": "Ballyrashane is a small village and civil parish outside Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wallace & Gromit in Project Zoo is a platform video game developed by Frontier Developments and published by BAM! Entertainment (European distribution being handled by Acclaim Entertainment) for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox and Microsoft Windows. It is the first console game to feature Aardman Animations' characters Wallace and Gromit and also features the voice of Wallace, Peter Sallis reprising his role. Gameplay As Gromit, the player must use Wallace's bizarre inventions - including the Porridge Gun, Turnip Launcher, Springy Boots, and Gyrocopter - to battle Feathers McGraw's robotic minions and rescue the baby animals in typical platform game style. Plot Wallace and Gromit have adopted Archie; a baby polar bear at the local zoo. However, when they go to the zoo to celebrate his birthday, they find the zoo padlocked and supposedly under new management. They soon discover that Feathers McGraw (the villain from The Wrong Trousers) is now\n\nAiden was an American horror punk band from Seattle, Washington that formed in the spring of 2003. They achieved underground success during the mid to late 2000s with their classic lineup, featuring vocalist William Francis, guitarists Angel Ibarra and Jake Wambold, bassist Nick Wiggins, and drummer Jake Davison. History Early years and Our Gangs Dark Oath (2003\u20132004) The band formed in 2003 and is named after the character Aidan Keller of the 2002 film The Ring (\"Dude, that kid's just spooky,\" Francis said of the character whose name is actually spelled Aidan). Their first full-length album Our Gangs Dark Oath, was released on Dead Teenager Records in 2004. It was recorded while Jake Davison and Angel Ibarra were still in high school and released shortly after they had left. Nightmare Anatomy (2005\u20132006) Later in 2005, the band was signed to Victory Records. Their second album and debut for Victory Records\n\nIn film, specifically animation, a leica reel (also known as story reel or animatic) is a type of storyboarding device used in the production of potential series or features. Unlike actual storyboards or pitches, leica reels (when made) are used later in the development process, usually after voice actors have been hired and recorded, and thus are not used for selling or marketing the project. The term \"leica reel\" is derived from the German camera brand \" Leica\" initially used to develop these filmed storyboards. A leica reel is made from animated stills or preliminary artwork or storyboard frames. These are then arranged with recorded material. The specific recorded material used can occasionally be the entire soundtrack of the film, where sound editing has already occurred, though in many cases it is only the vocal soundtrack (in various states of completion) along with a selection of sound effects. See also\n\nQuestion: Define Leica reel.", "output": "In film, specifically animation, a leica reel is a type of storyboarding device used in the production of potential series or features."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Plough and the Stars is a four-act play by the Irish writer Se\u00e1n O'Casey that was first performed on 8 February 1926 at the Abbey Theatre. It is set in Dublin and addresses the 1916 Easter Rising. The play's title references the Starry Plough flag which was used by the Irish Citizen Army. It is the third play of O'Casey's well-known \"Dublin Trilogy\" \u2013 the other two being The Shadow of a Gunman (1923) and Juno and the Paycock (1924). Plot The first two acts take place in November 1915, looking forward to the liberation of Ireland. The last two acts are set during the Easter Rising, in April 1916. Characters Residents of the tenement house: Jack Clitheroe: a bricklayer and former member of the Irish Citizen Army. Nora Clitheroe: housewife of Jack Clitheroe. Peter Flynn: a labourer, and uncle of Nora Clitheroe. The Young Covey: a fitter, ardent\n\nThe Canton City School District (CCSD) is a public school district serving students in Canton, Ohio in the United States. In the 2020\u20132021 academic year its student enrollment was 8,000, making it the 22nd largest school district in the state. The district operates an early childhood center, twelve elementary schools, three middle schools and two 9\u201312 high schools. In addition to traditional schools, CCSD also operates four alternative schools. While the district primarily serves students in Canton city limits, they also serve small sections of surrounding areas, as well as the village of Meyers Lake. Students in the northern part of the city go to the Plain Local School District instead of the Canton City district. History In 2023, the superintendent submitted a proposal to make it so that students who had missed classes have to fulfill extra criteria to get credit for those classes. Current schools Early childhood center\n\nMark Gregory Ryan (born January 21, 1957) is an American former professional soccer player who played as a defender in the North American Soccer League and Major Indoor Soccer League. He was the head coach of the United States women's national soccer team from 2005 to 2007. He was previously the head coach at University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Southern Methodist University, and Colorado College, and was an assistant with the national team. Career In 1983, Ryan entered the coaching ranks, while still playing, when he served as an assistant coach with Colorado College men's soccer team. Ryan retired from playing after the first MISL season of the Sting in 1985 and moved to the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison where he coached in various capacities until 1993. In 1991, he was named the women's college coach of the year. In 1996, he moved to Southern Methodist University where he compiled a 37\u201321\u20135 record\n\nQuestion: What's Canton City School District?", "output": "The Canton City School District is a public school district serving students in Canton, Ohio in the United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "George Edmond Manley (born September 17, 1965) is an American voice actor, novelist and screenwriter. He attended San Jose State University, majoring in theatre arts, University of Nevada, Reno, majoring in journalism and holds his associate of science degree in Computer Information Systems and trained at San Francisco's Voice One Studio and with Braintracks Audio's Nancy Wolfson in commercial and character voiceover. He performed voice work at ADV Films, including Francesco in the second volume of Noir; Impact, the giant robot in Legend of the Mystical Ninja; Hyugi Zeravire from Gravion Zwei; Barba from Hakugei: Legend of The Moby Dick; and the English-language narrator for Science Ninja Team Gatchaman. He wrote a script adaptation for six episodes of Gantz, and is the series writer for the adaptation of Super Dimension Fortress Macross, 009-1, Coyote Ragtime Show, Pumpkin Scissors and Full Metal Panic! The Second Raid. Manley became a voice artist,\n\nAgency.com was an interactive marketing agency based in New York City with offices worldwide. The company was a part of Omnicom Group Inc. and had approximately 500 employees in eleven offices on three continents. Services included website design and development, interactive marketing, search marketing and rich media development. Company history Starting in 1994, Gabrielle Shannon began publishing Urban Desires, one of the first and most popular early webzines, in collaboration with Chan Suh and Kyle Shannon. The webzine was a production of Agency.com but motivated by pleasure rather than profit. On February 10, 1995, Agency.com was incorporated by Suh and (Kyle) Shannon to provide website development and interactive marketing services. Omnicom Group Inc. purchased a significant minority investment in 1996, providing capitalization for growth into the rapidly expanding market for interactive services. Online Magic, a UK-based interactive marketing firm established by ad agency DDB Worldwide, was acquired in 1998 to\n\nThe pouf or pouffe also \"toque\" (literally a thick cushion) is a hairstyle and a hairstyling support deriving from 18th-century France. It was made popular by the Queen of France, Marie Antoinette (1755\u20131793), when she wore it in June 1775 at the coronation of her husband Louis XVI, triggering a wave of French noblewomen to wear their hair in the same manner. The hairstyle would become popular across Europe in the 1780s. Beginning and evolution Marie Antoinette acquired the hairstyle, which was a creation from the famed hairdresser of the day, L\u00e9onard Auti\u00e9. In April 1774, it was first sported as Le Pouf Sentimental by Duchess de Chartres at the Opera. The Duchesse's hairstyle was immense. 14 yards of gauze were wrapped around a tower as well as two figures representing the baby Duc de Beaujolais in his nurse's arms with an African boy (a particular favorite of the Duchess)\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Pouf is.", "output": "The pouf or pouffe also \"toque\" is a hairstyle and a hairstyling support deriving from 18th-century France."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Arthur Erd\u00e9lyi FRS, FRSE (2 October 1908 \u2013 12 December 1977) was a Hungarian-born British mathematician. Erd\u00e9lyi was a leading expert on special functions, particularly orthogonal polynomials and hypergeometric functions. Biography He was born Arthur Diamant in Budapest, Hungary to Ign\u00e1c Josef Armin Diamant and Frederike Roth. His name was changed to Erd\u00e9lyi when his mother remarried to Paul Erd\u00e9lyi. He attended the primary and secondary schools there from 1914 to 1926. His interest in mathematics dates back to this time. Erd\u00e9lyi was a Jew, and so it was difficult for him to receive a university education in his native Hungary. He travelled to Brno, Czechoslovakia, to obtain a degree in electrical engineering. However, after his flair for mathematics was discovered (he won several prizes in a competition in his first year), he was persuaded to study the subject. He soon after began to conduct theoretical research into mathematics, and\n\nDaim\u00fas (, ) is a small municipality in the Safor comarca (county), in the Valencian Community close to the Mediterranean Sea in Spain. It has a population of about 2,200 inhabitants in winter and around 20,000 in summer. Structure The municipality is divided into three parts: el Poble (the village): the most ancient part. It is mainly composed of three-floor houses and a church. els Pedregals (the stony): a group of bungalows near a small church 1 km from the main village. la Platja (the beach): a group of buildings only used in summer holidays by tourists, mainly from Madrid. It is 1.5 kilometer from the village. History Daim\u00fas is a small municipality near the town of Gandia, the most important in the area. Daim\u00fas was probably founded in the 13th century, after the Reconquista. The historical importance of Gandia, particularly during the Renaissance made the rest of the small\n\nJohn Ulysses Mobley (born October 10, 1973) is a former American football linebacker who played eight seasons for the Denver Broncos from 1996 through 2003 in the National Football League (NFL). He is the cousin of former NBA player Cuttino Mobley. Biography One of nine children born to parents who divorced when he was thirteen years old, Mobley lived with his father until the age of sixteen. After his father suffered a stroke, Mobley moved in with his mother, who demanded he leave high school to help support his family. Mobley spent a year living on the street in an old car before a friend's family took him in. Lacking the academic credentials for a Division I school, Mobley went on to play college football for Kutztown University in 1991. Mobley made the starting lineup as a freshman and recorded nine tackles and a sack in his first college game,\n\nQuestion: Who was Arthur Erd\u00e9lyi?", "output": "Arthur Erd\u00e9lyi FRS, FRSE was a Hungarian-born British mathematician."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Note: The Little River of northeastern Indiana is also sometimes known as the Little Wabash River. The Little Wabash River is a tributary of the Wabash River in east-central and southeastern Illinois in the United States. Via the Wabash and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. It is the third largest tributary after the White River and the Embarras River. Course The Little Wabash rises in Coles County near Mattoon and flows generally southwardly through Shelby, Effingham, Clay, Richland, Wayne, Edwards and White counties, past the towns of Louisville, Golden Gate, Carmi and New Haven. It enters the Wabash River on the common boundary of White and Gallatin counties, about southeast of New Haven. In its upper course in Shelby County, the river is dammed to form Lake Mattoon and collects the short West Branch Little Wabash River, which flows for its entire length\n\nMutant League is an animated series based on the video games Mutant League Football and Mutant League Hockey which aired from July 2, 1994 to February 24, 1996. The show ran for two seasons, with the second typically incorporating more poignant stories and issues, while the first seemed somewhat hodgepodge with little regard for continuity (the Monsters have one win streak that ends twice, for instance). There are forty episodes in all, thirteen in Season 1 and twenty-seven in Season 2. The series was distributed by Claster Television and Produced by Franklin/Waterman 2 Productions in association with Electronic Arts. Plot During a football game, an earthquake reveals buried toxic waste, and the fumes cause all of the attendees and players to mutate, including young Bones Justice (Bones Jackson in the games) a sports federation based around the superhuman beings, the Mutant League is formed and Bones grows up to play\n\nLutheran Theological Seminary Saskatoon is a degree-granting theological school affiliated with the University of Saskatchewan. The seminary was originally created to prepare candidates for Lutheran ministry in Western Canada. It is supported by the four Western synods of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada. LTS provides training for pastors and diaconal ministers; offers Lutheran formation for leaders and laypeople; and advances the study of rural ministry. History In 1913 the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Manitoba and Other Provinces founded the Lutheran College and Seminary (LCS), which finally settled on 8th Street in Saskatoon in 1915. In 1939 the Norwegian Lutheran Church in America established the Luther Theological Seminary, first on the campus of the Lutheran College and Seminary and then, in 1946, on a separate campus in Saskatoon, on Wiggins Avenue. For almost twenty years, Lutherans in Western Canada maintained two theological schools. A merger occurred in 1965, joining the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Little Wabash River is.", "output": "Note: The Little River of northeastern Indiana is also sometimes known as the Little Wabash River."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ray Edmonds (born 25 April 1936 in Grimsby, Lincolnshire) is a former English professional player of English billiards and snooker. He twice won the World Amateur Snooker title, and won the World Professional Billiards Championship in 1985. Playing career Edmonds first played snooker as an amateur, winning the World Amateur crown in 1972 and 1974. After turning professional he reached the main stages World Snooker Championship on four occasions, in 1980, 1981, 1985 and 1986, on each occasion losing in the first round. He was as a semi-finalist at the 1981 English Professional Championship, and runner-up in the invitational 1982 Bass and Golden Leisure Classic. Edmonds became World Professional Billiards Champion in 1985. At the 1988 Grand Prix (snooker), he reached the last-16 round. In the qualifying competition for the 1994 World Snooker Championship, he lost 3\u20135 to Surinder Gill, and the following year he lost 4\u20135 to Darren Limburg.\n\nSV Wehen Wiesbaden is a German association football club based in Wiesbaden, Hesse. Since the beginning of the 2007\u201308 season the club has no longer played its home games in Taunusstein, where it was originally located. In the summer of 2007 Wiesbaden was added to the original name of SV Wehen. The club currently competes in the 2. Bundesliga from 2023\u201324 after promotion from 3. Liga in 2022\u201323. History Amateur Football (1926\u20131994) The club was founded under the name of SV Wehen 1926 \u2013 Taunusstein in 1926 and disbanded by the Nazi government in 1933, although the football department was maintained by playing occasional friendly matches until 1939. The club re-established itself in 1946, following World War II. They operated both first and reserve teams from the beginning, with their first team competing in local amateur division, the B-Klasse Wiesbaden. The club's first youth team was established in 1955 and\n\nAda Ciganlija (, ), colloquially shortened to Ada, is a river island that has artificially been turned into a peninsula, located in the Sava River's course through central Belgrade, Serbia. The name can also refer to the adjoining artificial Lake Sava and its beach. To take advantage of its central location, over the past few decades, it was turned into an immensely popular recreational zone, most notable for its beaches and sports facilities, which, during summer seasons, can have over 100,000 visitors daily and up to 300,000 visitors over the weekend. Owing to this popularity, Ada Ciganlija has been commonly nicknamed \"More Beograda\" (\"Belgrade's Sea\"), which was officially accepted as an advertising slogan in 2008, stylised as More BeogrADA. Location Ada Ciganlija is located on the southern bank of the Sava River, 4 km away from its mouth, and entirely belongs to Belgrade's municipality of \u010cukarica. Its eastern tip roughly\n\nQuestion: Define SV Wehen Wiesbaden.", "output": "SV Wehen Wiesbaden is a German association football club based in Wiesbaden, Hesse."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The economy of Canada is a highly developed mixed economy, with the world's tenth-largest economy , and a nominal GDP of approximately . Canada is one of the world's largest trading nations, with a highly globalized economy. In 2021, Canadian trade in goods and services reached $2.016 trillion. Canada's exports totalled over $637 billion, while its imported goods were worth over $631 billion, of which approximately $391 billion originated from the United States. In 2018, Canada had a trade deficit in goods of $22 billion and a trade deficit in services of $25 billion. The Toronto Stock Exchange is the tenth-largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, listing over 1,500 companies with a combined market capitalization of over . Canada has a strong cooperative banking sector, with the world's highest per-capita membership in credit unions. It ranks low in the Corruption Perceptions Index (14th in 2023) and \"is\n\nGrand Cay is one of the districts of the Bahamas. It is geographically located in the Abaco Islands. Grand Cay is a small island or cay situated south of Walker's Cay in the Bahamas Islands. It is a settlement of Abaco, a major island of the Bahamas. After a hurricane's devastation of Walker's Cay, and other matters, Walker's Cay's workers were forced to go back to Grand Cay to seek employment. Previously, Grand Cay was seen as a base or home; but presently it is an island containing the main occupations and housing. It has a population of 383.(2010 census) Grand Cay is notable for being a tourists' haven, and a peaceful, fishing community. Its number one attraction is \"Rosie's Place\". Patrons can still sample the combo of Cracked Conch, Lobster Tail and Grilled Grouper. Rosie still provides a small full service marina and air conditioned rooms in addition to\n\nMeret Becker (; born 15 January 1969) is a German actress and singer. Life and career Meret Becker was born in Bremen, the daughter of the actors Monika Hansen and Rolf Becker. She was raised in Berlin by her mother with her stepfather Otto Sander along with her brother Ben Becker. She is the granddaughter of comedian Claire Schlichting and the niece of the acrobat and comedian Jonny Buchardt. In 1996, she married Alexander Hacke, a member of the band Einst\u00fcrzende Neubauten, who contributed songs to Becker's albums, including Noctambule. They separated in 2000 and divorced two years later. Becker was a guest musician on Einst\u00fcrzende Neubauten's album Ende Neu, singing Stella Maris in a duet with Blixa Bargeld. She played the character Ernal Eggstein in the 1997 German film Comedian Harmonists, as well as Katya, a prostitute, in Painted Angels. A year later, in 1998, she gave several performances\n\nQuestion: Define Grand Cay.", "output": "Grand Cay is one of the districts of the Bahamas."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In mathematics, the blancmange curve is a self-affine curve constructible by midpoint subdivision. It is also known as the Takagi curve, after Teiji Takagi who described it in 1901, or as the Takagi\u2013Landsberg curve, a generalization of the curve named after Takagi and Georg Landsberg. The name blancmange comes from its resemblance to a Blancmange pudding. It is a special case of the more general de Rham curve; see also fractal curve. Definition The blancmange function is defined on the unit interval by where is the triangle wave, defined by , that is, is the distance from x to the nearest integer. The Takagi\u2013Landsberg curve is a slight generalization, given by for a parameter ; thus the blancmange curve is the case . The value is known as the Hurst parameter. The function can be extended to all of the real line: applying the definition given above shows that the\n\nGood Machine Productions was an American independent film production, film distribution, and foreign sales company started in the early 1990 by its co-founders and producers, Ted Hope and James Schamus. David Linde joined as a partner in the late 1990s and also started the international sales company Good Machine International. They sold the company to Universal Pictures, where it was then merged with USA Films and Universal Focus to create Focus Features. Hope, along with the heads of production development and business affairs (Anthony Bregman, Anne Carey, and Diana Victor) then went on to form the independent production company This Is That Productions. Schamus and Linde became co-presidents of Focus Features. In 2001, the Museum of Modern Art celebrated the tenth anniversary of Good Machine's work, commemorating their support of international and domestic filmmakers. Background Good Machine was involved in production and/or distribution of a number of films, including Ang\n\nMilton Edward Graff (December 30, 1930 - August 2, 2005) was a Major League Baseball second baseman. He was born on Tuesday, December 30, 1930 in Jefferson Center, Pennsylvania. He was listed at a height of and a weight of 158 pounds. Graff attended Butler Senior High School and then attended Pennsylvania State University and Lycoming College. At Lycoming, he got a degree in accounting. He batted left-handed and threw right-handed. Playing career Around 1949, Graff was signed by the Pittsburgh Pirates as an amateur free agent. Around eight years later, during which his baseball career was interrupted when he enlisted in the Army to fight in the Korean War, Graff made his major league debut on April 16, 1957 at the age of 26 with the Kansas City Athletics (he was sent to the Athletics from the New York Yankees, by whom he'd been drafted in 1955). He wore\n\nQuestion: What is Good Machine", "output": "Good Machine Productions was an American independent film production, film distribution, and foreign sales company started in the early 1990 by its co-founders and producers, Ted Hope and James Schamus."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Keith railway station is a railway station serving the town of Keith, Moray, Scotland. The station is managed by ScotRail and is on the Aberdeen to Inverness Line, between Huntly and Elgin, measured from Aberdeen, or from Forres. History The station was originally owned by the Highland Railway and was known as Keith Junction, the line from the west having opened by the Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway in 1858 and becoming part of the Highland Railway in 1865. It was the point where the line from made an end-on junction with the Great North of Scotland Railway from Aberdeen (which opened in 1856) to enable exchange of goods and passengers. As built, it was located in the vee of the routes to Inverness and to (which diverges to the southwest here) and had four platforms - one through one for each route, plus two east facing bays for GNSR\n\nWHPC (90.3 FM) is a non-commercial radio station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to Garden City, New York. The station is owned and operated by Nassau Community College, and began broadcasting on October 27, 1972. WHPC was nominated for \"Best College Radio Station\" at the 2019 National Association of Broadcasters Marconi Awards, the only Community College radio station to receive the honor that year. WHPC won three awards at the 2018 Intercollegiate Broadcasting System awards: Best On-Air Schedule, Best Sports Report, and Best Training Manual. WHPC won five awards at the 2019 Intercollegiate Broadcasting System awards: Best Community College radio station in the NATION, Best Morning Show (for \u201cThe Nassau Morning Madhouse\u201d), Best Artist/Celebrity Interview (Herb Alpert, interview by Michael Anthony), Best On-Air Schedule, and Best Public Affairs Show (Your Family's Health). WHPC won seven awards at the 2021 Intercollegiate Broadcasting System awards: Best Community College radio station\n\nThe Bricker Amendment is the collective name of a number of slightly different proposed amendments to the United States Constitution considered by the United States Senate in the 1950s. None of these amendments ever passed Congress. Each of them would require explicit congressional approval, especially for executive agreements that did not require the Senate's two-thirds approval for treaty. They are named for their sponsor, conservative Republican Senator John W. Bricker of Ohio, who distrusted the exclusive powers of the president to involve the United States beyond the wishes of Congress. American entry into World War II led to a new sense of internationalism, which seemed threatening to many conservatives. Frank E. Holman, president of the American Bar Association (ABA), called attention to federal court decisions, notably Missouri v. Holland, which he claimed could give international treaties and agreements precedence over the United States Constitution and could be used by foreigners\n\nQuestion: What is Bricker Amendment", "output": "The Bricker Amendment is the collective name of a number of slightly different proposed amendments to the United States Constitution considered by the United States Senate in the 1950s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Neshka Stefanova Robeva (; born 26 May 1946) is a Bulgarian former Rhythmic Gymnast and coach. Biography Born in Rousse, Robeva graduated from the Bulgarian State Choreography School in \"Bulgarian Dances\" in 1966 and since then had been a member of the Bulgarian national rhythmic gymnastics squad until 1973. She took part in four World Championships. (1967, 1969, 1971, 1973) In 1974 Robeva graduated from the High Institute for Sports (now National Sports Academy) and started work as a coach at the \"Levski-Spartak\" club. The same year she was appointed head coach of the Bulgarian National Team and she remained in that position until 1999. This was a very successful period for Bulgarian rhythmic gymnastics. However, Robeva, while given credit for her exceptional work as a coach, was also criticized for imposing harsh discipline and regimen on her trainees. The 25 years under Robeva's leadership will be remembered as the\n\nRobert Lewin (23 December 1918 \u2013 17 May 2004) was a Polish art dealer and philanthropist. Biography Born Boruch Lewin in Warsaw, Poland, Lewin was the son of a Polish-Jewish banker Jacob, and Yochewet. With the rise of Hitler's anti-Jewish Nuremberg Laws, Lewin's father decided to relocate the family to the South of France. At the same time Lewin began studying at Pembroke College, Oxford in 1938 before being recalled to Poland for military service, so he left Oxford to fight for his homeland against the Nazis. Fleeing east in November 1939 after the German invasion of Poland, he survived the war after managing to get a Japanese visa from the consul in Kaunas, Lithuania, the 'Japanese Schindler,' Chiune Sugihara. He arrived in Kobe, Japan, in February 1941 and had issued Polish passport issued in Tokyo. Later he was moved by Japan authorities to Shanghai where he stayed until Allied\n\nCharles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 \u2013 9 June 1870) was an English novelist and social critic who created some of the world's best-known fictional characters, and is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era. His works enjoyed unprecedented popularity during his lifetime and, by the 20th century, critics and scholars had recognised him as a literary genius. His novels and short stories are widely read today. Born in Portsmouth, Dickens left school at the age of 12 to work in a boot-blacking factory when his father John was incarcerated in a debtors' prison. After three years he returned to school, before he began his literary career as a journalist. Dickens edited a weekly journal for 20 years, wrote 15 novels, five novellas, hundreds of short stories and non-fiction articles, lectured and performed readings extensively, was an indefatigable letter writer, and campaigned vigorously for\n\nQuestion: Who is Robert Lewin", "output": "Robert Lewin was a Polish art dealer and philanthropist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Curtis Woodhouse BEM (born 17 April 1980) is an English former professional footballer turned professional boxer and football manager, most recently in charge of Marske United. Woodhouse played football as a central midfielder, and competed as a light-welterweight boxer. He is the former British light-welterweight champion. His career in the Football League spanned across nine seasons, earning four caps for the England under-21 football team. Woodhouse's professional boxing record stands at 29 fights 22 wins, 13 of which are by knock-out, and 7 defeats. He started his footballing career with York City's centre of excellence before joining Sheffield United. In November 2001, he was transferred to Birmingham City for a fee of \u00a31 million, before joining Rotherham United in January 2003, on loan for five months. He then joined Peterborough United on a free transfer in October 2003. In May 2005, he joined Hull City for \u00a325,000, before joining Grimsby\n\nThe Clybourn Corridor is a shopping district in Lincoln Park, stretching into the Near North Side in Chicago, Illinois. It serves as the residential Northside's main shopping district and includes retailers like Apple Inc., Crate & Barrel & CB2, Eddie Bauer, Forever 21, and Sur La Table, among many others. The New City shopping center includes Dick's Sporting Goods, ArcLight Cinemas, a Kings Bowl, and Chicago's largest Mariano's grocery store. The development also includes an apartment tower featuring 199 units. This is part of a continuing trend of adding apartments and condos to the corridor in an effort to stem rising prices in the surrounding area. The district is serviced by the CTA Red Line stop North/Clybourn. Apple Inc. and the CTA collaborated to redesign a former bus turnaround separating the Apple Store and CTA Station into a pedestrian plaza with Parisian park chairs and a water feature. References Neighborhoods\n\nThe University Marine Biological Station Millport (UMBSM) was a higher education institution located on the island of Great Cumbrae in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland, and run by the university of London (of which it was a central academic body). It closed in 2013 and is now Millport Field Centre, run by the Field Studies Council. Located just outside the town, it had an extensive curriculum and research programme, with an influx of students throughout the academic year. A Museum and Aquarium (named after the founder, David Robertson) were open to visitors. In May 2003, the station took delivery of the Macduff-built, 22-metre marine research vessel RV Aora. The station also functioned as a Meteorological Office Weather Station and Admiralty Tide Monitor. History The Ark, an lighter, was fitted out as a floating laboratory by the father of modern oceanography, Sir John Murray. She formed the Scottish Marine Station for\n\nQuestion: What's Clybourn Corridor?", "output": "The Clybourn Corridor is a shopping district in Lincoln Park, stretching into the Near North Side in Chicago, Illinois."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Don't Leave Me Behind/Silent Stream\" is the sixth single released by Japanese singer Ami Suzuki in March 1999. It was also the first double A-side single of the artist. The single reached number three in Japan. Information For promoting the single and increase sales, the song \"Don't leave me behind\" was used on a TV commercial for the Japanese extension of Kodak on the Spring Campaign, and another song of the single, \"Silent Stream\" was used on a TV commercial for the juice drink, Bireley's. After Suzuki was blacklisted from the music industry in September 2000, production and distribution of the single stopped in its entirety. Track listing Don't Leave Me Behind Written by Marc & Ami Composed by Tetsuya Komuro Arranged by Cozy Kubo & TK Silent Stream Written by Marc Composed & Arranged by Cozy Cubo Don't Leave Me Behind (TV mix) Silent Stream (TV mix) Ami Suzuki\n\nChota Nagpur Division, also known as the South-West Frontier, was an administrative division of British India. It included most of the present-day state of Jharkhand as well as adjacent portions of West Bengal, Orissa, and Chhattisgarh. History Chota Nagpur division was a hilly and forested area. The region came under the control of the British in the 18th and 19th centuries, and was annexed to the Bengal Presidency, the largest province of British India. After the Kol rebellion of 1831-2, the division was exempted by Regulation XIII of 1833 from the general laws and regulations governing Bengal, and every branch of the administration was vested in an officer appointed by the supreme Government and called the Agent to the Governor-General of India for the South-West Frontier. In 1854 the designation of South-West Frontier Agency was changed to Chota Nagpur and it began to be administered as a Non-regulation province under\n\nHal Michael Ketchum (April 9, 1953November 23, 2020) was an American country music singer and songwriter. He released eleven studio albums from 1986 to 2014, including nine for divisions of Curb Records. Ketchum's 1991 album Past the Point of Rescue was his most commercially successful, having been certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. Between 1991 and 2006, Ketchum had 17 entries on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts, including three that reached No. 2, \"Small Town Saturday Night\", \"Past the Point of Rescue\", and \"Hearts Are Gonna Roll\". Ketchum's music is defined by his songwriting and folk music influences. Ketchum retired from the music business in 2019 following a diagnosis of dementia. Career Early life Hal Michael Ketchum was born on April 9, 1953, in Greenwich, New York. At the age of 15, he began performing in clubs as a drummer with a rhythm and blues trio.\n\nQuestion: What is Hal Ketchum?", "output": "Hal Michael Ketchum was an American country music singer and songwriter."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Conospermum is a genus of about 50 species in the family Proteaceae that are endemic to Australia. Members of the genus are known as smokebushes - from a distance, their wispy heads of blue or grey flowers resemble puffs of smoke. They have an unusual pollination method that sometimes leads to the death of visiting insects. They are found in all Australian states, though most occur only in Western Australia. Smokebushes are rarely cultivated, though the flowers of several Western Australian species are harvested for the cut flower industry. Description Conospermum species are shrubs or small trees ranging in height from to . The leaves are usually simple, linear or egg-shaped and have margins without teeth. The flowers have both male and female parts, are arranged in heads or spikes of a few to many flowers and are white pink, blue, grey or cream-coloured. The fruit is a small nut\n\nDen Bommel is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Goeree-Overflakkee, and lies about 14 km south of Spijkenisse. History The village was first mentioned in 1473 as Bommele, and refers to a form of peat. It was originally the name of a shoal which was diked between 1476 and 1477 by order of Mary of Burgundy. Den Bommel became an independent parish in 1642. The Dutch Reformed church is an aisleless church built between 1646 and 1647. The ridge turret was added in 1759. The grist mill De Bommelaer was built in 1735. The windmill had become derelict and started to deteriorate by 1951. Between 1969 and 1971, it was restored and returned to active service. Den Bommel was home to 620 people in 1840. In 1944, the sluice from 1722 was blown up by the Germans causing the\n\nMark Richard Acres (born November 15, 1962) is an American former professional basketball player who spent most of his career in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was a 6'11\", power forward/center. Acres attended Palos Verdes High School in Palos Verdes Estates, California, and was selected as a Parade All-American and played in the 1981 McDonald's All-American Game. Acres played college basketball for the Oral Roberts Golden Eagles under his father Dick, and alongside his brother Jeff. He was selected as the Midwestern City Conference Player of the Year as a sophomore in 1983. Acres was selected in the second round of the 1985 NBA draft by the Dallas Mavericks. The Mavericks trialled Acres during summer camp but convinced him to play professionally in Europe for development. He was signed by the Boston Celtics as a free agent after two seasons in Europe. Acres was selected by the Orlando Magic\n\nQuestion: Who was Mark Acres?", "output": "Mark Richard Acres is an American former professional basketball player who spent most of his career in the National Basketball Association."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Gohar Ayub Khan (; born 15 January 1937) is a Pakistani politician, business oligarch, retired army officer, and conservative figure of the Pakistan Muslim League, who held ministerial positions during the administration of prime minister Nawaz Sharif. Gohar Ayub Khan hails from the village of Rehana, located in the Haripur District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and belongs to the Tareen tribe of ethnic Pashtuns. He is fluent in Hindko and Pashto. He is the son of former president and field marshal Ayub Khan and played an influential role in sustaining his father's presidential rule after the 1965 presidential election. Educated at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, after graduation Gohar Ayub Khan was commissioned in the Pakistan Army in 1959. During his military service he served as his father's aide-de-camp, travelling with him on several foreign trips. Upon his resignation in 1962 with the rank of captain, he established a business\n\nDuchess Anna Sophie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (22 December 1670 \u2013 28 December 1728) was a princess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Duchess in Saxony by birth, and by marriage a Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt. Ancestry She was the daughter of Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1646\u20131691) and Magdalena Sibylle, Duchess of Saxe-Weissenfels (1648\u20131680). Her father was a fourth-generation descendant of John Frederick, Elector of Saxony in direct male line. He was also a fourth-generation descendant of his wife Sybille of Cleves who was daughter of John III, Duke of Cleves and older sister of both Anne of Cleves and Wilhelm, Duke of J\u00fclich-Cleves-Berg. The Elector was father to John William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (1530\u20131573). He married Dorothea Susanne of Simmern, a daughter of Frederick III, Elector Palatine. They were parents to John II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (1570\u20131605). He married Dorothea Maria of Anhalt, a granddaughter of Christoph, Duke of W\u00fcrttemberg and great-granddaughter of Ulrich,\n\nFinis Langdon Bates (August 22, 1848 \u2013 November 29, 1923) was an American lawyer and author of The Escape and Suicide of John Wilkes Booth (1907). In this 309-page book, Bates claimed that John Wilkes Booth, the assassin of U.S. president Abraham Lincoln, was not killed by Union Army Soldiers on April 26, 1865, but successfully eluded capture altogether, and lived for many years thereafter under a series of assumed names, notably John St. Helen and David E. George. Personal life Bates was born on a plantation in Itawamba County, Mississippi, in 1848. He was the ninth of 12 children of planter Henderson Wesley Bates (1807\u20131869) and Eliza Elvira Jarratt Bourland (1815\u20131900). Finis Bates studied law in Carrollton, Mississippi, and in the 1870s he and his family moved to Texas, where he met John St. Helen. Bates returned to Mississippi, then moved to Memphis, Tennessee, after the death of his\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Gohar Ayub Khan.", "output": "Gohar Ayub Khan is a Pakistani politician, business oligarch, retired army officer, and conservative figure of the Pakistan Muslim League, who held ministerial positions during the administration of prime minister Nawaz Sharif."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Garden Route District Municipality (; ), formerly known as the Eden District Municipality, is a district municipality located in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Its municipality code is DC4. Geography The Garden Route District Municipality covers an area of in the southeastern part of the Western Cape, covering the regions known as the Garden Route and the Little Karoo. It stretches to the Breede River mouth and the Langeberg mountains on the west, where it abuts the Overberg District Municipality and (for a short distance) the Cape Winelands District Municipality. To the north the boundary with the Central Karoo District Municipality runs along the Swartberg mountains. In the east the municipality runs up to the Eastern Cape provincial boundary. The district is divided into seven local municipalities, described in the following table. Demographics The following statistics are from the 2011 Census. Note that due to fuzzing applied\n\nShaib or Sha\u2018ib ( ), or the Sheikhdom of Shaib ( ), was a state in the Aden Protectorate, South Arabia. The area is now part of the Republic of Yemen. History The Sha`ib Sheikhdom was established at an uncertain date in the 18th century. After becoming a British protectorate, it eventually joined the Federation of Arab Emirates of the South as well as its successor, the Federation of South Arabia. Its last sheikh, Yahya Mohamed Al-Kholaqi Al-Saqladi, was exiled in 1967 upon the founding of the People's Republic of South Yemen. He died in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in July 2001. Rulers The rulers of the Sha`ib Sheikhdom had the title of Shaykh Sha`ib. Sheikhs c.1850 - 1880 Mani` al-Saqladi 1880 - 1915 `Ali ibn Mani` al-Saqladi 1915 - 1935 Mutahhar ibn Mani` al-Saqladi 1935 - 1948 Muhammad ibn Muqbil al-Saqladi Aug 1948 - 1954 Kassem ibn Mused ibn Ali\n\nIn Greek mythology, Agamemnon (; Agam\u00e9mn\u014dn) was a king of Mycenae who commanded the Greeks during the Trojan War. He was the son (or grandson) of King Atreus and Queen Aerope, the brother of Menelaus, the husband of Clytemnestra, and the father of Iphigenia, Iphianassa, Electra, Laodike, Orestes and Chrysothemis. Legends make him the king of Mycenae or Argos, thought to be different names for the same area. Agamemnon was killed upon his return from Troy by Clytemnestra, or in an older version of the story, by Clytemnestra's lover Aegisthus. Etymology His name in Greek, \u1f08\u03b3\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, means \"very steadfast\", \"unbowed\" or \"resolute\". The word comes from *\u1f08\u03b3\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03b4\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd (*Agam\u00e9dm\u014dn) from \u1f04\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd, \"very much\" and \u03bc\u03ad\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9, \"think on\". Description In the account of Dares the Phrygian, Agamemnon was described as \". . .blond, large, and powerful. He was eloquent, wise, and noble, a man richly endowed.\" Ancestry and early life Agamemnon was\n\nQuestion: What is Agamemnon", "output": "In Greek mythology, Agamemnon was a king of Mycenae who commanded the Greeks during the Trojan War."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Morning of the Earth is a 1971 classic surf film by Alby Falzon and David Elfick. The film's soundtrack was produced by G. Wayne Thomas and included music and songs by noted Australian music acts Tamam Shud, John J. Francis, Brian Cadd, Mike Rudd and G. Wayne Thomas. The record became the first Australian Gold soundtrack album. In October 2010, the soundtrack for Morning of the Earth (1971) was listed in the book, 100 Best Australian Albums. The film portrays surfers living in spiritual harmony with nature, making their own boards (and homes) as they travelled in search of the perfect wave across Australia's north-east coast, Bali and Hawaii. The movie is regarded as one of the finest of its genre and noted as recording the first surfers to ride the waves at Uluwatu on the very southern tip of Bali and so bringing Bali to the attention of surfers\n\nSpringerle () is a type of South German biscuit or cookie with an embossed design made by pressing a mold onto rolled dough and allowing the impression to dry before baking. This preserves the detail of the surface pattern. While historical molds show that springerle were baked for religious holidays and secular occasions throughout the year, they are now most commonly associated with the Christmas season. They are called anis-br\u00f6dle in the Swabian dialect, and Anisbr\u00f6tli (anise bun) in Switzerland. The name springerle, used in southern Germany, translates literally as \"little jumper\" or \"little knight\", but its exact origin is unknown. It may refer the popular motif of a jumping horse in the mold, or just to the rising or \"springing up\" of the dough as it bakes. The origin of the cookie can be traced back to at least the 14th century in southwestern Germany and surrounding areas, mostly\n\nCytochalasin E, a member of the cytochalasin group, is an inhibitor of actin polymerization in blood platelets. It inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth. Unlike cytochalasin A and cytochalasin B, it does not inhibit glucose transport. Cytochalasin E, however, was noted to decrease glucose absorption in mice around the intestinal tissues by increasing the Km needed for glucose to reach the Vmax, which meant that a higher concentration of glucose was required in its presence to attain Vmax. Since Vmax remained the same according to another study, it is evident that CE is indeed a competitive inhibitor at the intestinal receptor sites for glucose. Because of its antiangiogenic effect, cytochalasin E is a potential drug for age-related macular degeneration, a kind of blindness caused by an abnormal proliferation of blood vessels in the eye. Cytochalasin E was found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cell\n\nQuestion: What's Springerle?", "output": "Springerle is a type of South German biscuit or cookie with an embossed design made by pressing a mold onto rolled dough and allowing the impression to dry before baking."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Achiltibuie (; or Field of the yellow-haired boy) is a long linear village in Ross and Cromarty, Highland, on the Coigach coast of northwestern Scotland, overlooking Badentarbet Bay to the west. Loch Broom and the Summer Isles lie to the south. Located 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Ullapool as the crow flies. Achiltibuie is the central community of a series of townships and communities stretching from Culnacraig, through Badenscallie and Polglass (where the community hall, the primary school and the Piping School Cafe are located), Polbain, and Reiff to Achnahaird. History The first post office in the village opened on 28 July 1884. Smokehouse For a time the Summer Isles Smokehouse attracted visitors. In 2013 the community had hopes to re-establish the business. Hydroponicum The Hydroponicum, a facility for growing fresh fruit and vegetables indoors using hydroponics, was built in the village in the 1980s by Robert Irvine, then\n\nEducation in Bulgaria is guided and overseen by Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science. Compulsory education includes three years of pre-primary education, primary education, and secondary education. Education is compulsory until age of 16. Compulsory education at state schools is free of charge. The state and private higher education schools, colleges and universities charge fees, although they offer students scholarships. In 1998 enrollment in the primary grades was 93 percent of eligible students, and enrollment in the secondary grades was 81 percent of eligible students. With the gender ratio of female to male students in primary schools was 0.97, and the ratio in secondary schools was 0.98. Because of the prior Bulgaria's low birthrate during the postcommunist period, total primary and secondary school enrollment was in a slightly decreased level in the beginning of the post-communist period, that was causing some reductions in teaching staff and facilities. But at the\n\nWDKY-TV (channel 56) is a television station licensed to Danville, Kentucky, United States, serving the Lexington area as an affiliate of the Fox network. The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group and maintains studios on Euclid Avenue in Lexington's Chevy Chase neighborhood and a transmitter southeast of the city off Interstate 75. Built as the market's first independent station in early 1986, the station has been affiliated with Fox since the network started later that year. It has aired local newscasts since 1995, first in partnership with another local station, WKYT-TV, and since 2022 on an independent basis. History On December 29, 1982, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted a construction permit to Robert Bertram, an attorney, to build a new channel 56 television station at Danville. However, it took more than three years to get the station built. Officials with the Kentucky Airport Zoning Commission fretted over proximity\n\nQuestion: What's Achiltibuie?", "output": "Achiltibuie is a long linear village in Ross and Cromarty, Highland, on the Coigach coast of northwestern Scotland, overlooking Badentarbet Bay to the west."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "W\u0142oszczowa is a town in southern Poland, in \u015awi\u0119tokrzyskie Voivodeship, about west of Kielce. It is the capital of W\u0142oszczowa County. Population is 10,756 (2004). W\u0142oszczowa lies in historic Lesser Poland, and from its foundation until 1795 (see Partitions of Poland), it belonged to Sandomierz Voivodeship. The town has the area of 30 km2 (11 sq miles), and is a junction of regional roads nr 786, nr 742, and 785. W\u0142oszczowa has two rail stations: PKP W\u0142oszczowa (on the Kielce - Cz\u0119stochowa route), and PKP W\u0142oszczowa P\u00f3\u0142noc (W\u0142oszczowa North) (on the Central Rail Line). W\u0142oszczowa was first mentioned in 1154, when Prince Henryk Sandomierski handed the village known then as Vloszcova to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta monks. It received its town charter in 1539, when King Zygmunt Stary handed the document to the starosta of Ch\u0119ciny, Hieronim Szafraniec. The town remained the property of the Szafraniec family until\n\nAbraham Moss Community School is a coeducational all-through school located on a site situated on Crescent Road in the Crumpsall/Cheetham Hill district of North Manchester adjacent to the Abraham Moss Metrolink station. The complex also includes a leisure centre, the district library and a 230-person theatre complex. The centre also hosts other tenants mainly in the public, voluntary and community sectors. It is named after Abraham Moss, Lord Mayor of Manchester (1953\u201354). History The Abraham Moss opened in 1973 as a multipurpose integrated centre with lower school, and upper school seamlessly joining to a FE college, a library and a leisure centre. The first principal was Ron Mitson, with Dave Shapcott being head of school. It aimed to teach through independent resource-based learning- staff developed and pasted up their own materials which were then taken to the printroom, where the masters were allocated an accession number and the printroom staff\n\nOrm and Cheep is a 1980s British children's television series that was aimed at the younger viewers of Children's ITV. It used puppets as the main characters (Orm being a worm and Cheep being a bird) and was narrated by Richard Briers. The show was created by Tony Martin, the puppets created by Mary Edwards. There were a total of 26 episodes, which spanned between the years of 1984\u20131987, each episode consisting of eleven minutes. The series was aired in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada and Iran. Plot Cheep was an infant bird who fell from his nest, prior to learning to fly (the theme tune, \"If only Cheep could fly\", ensured that Cheep's difficulties in learning to fly became a recurring joke throughout the series). He befriends Orm, a worm who inhabits a subterranean home. Their acquaintances include Snail and Mouse, all friends and foes have a single-word,\n\nQuestion: What is Orm and Cheep", "output": "Orm and Cheep is a 1980s British children's television series that was aimed at the younger viewers of Children's ITV."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Breasclete () is a village and community on the west side of the Isle of Lewis, in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Breasclete is within the parish of Uig, and is situated adjacent to the A858. History Breasclete has several stone circles, as well as various cairns. The Bronze Age-era Olcote kerbed cairn, south of the settlement, was excavated in 1995 during road works, by CFA Archaeology, and the site seems to form part of a wider ceremonial complex. The cairn contained a cist burial and the archaeologists believe there was a satellite cist burial on the outside of the cairn but due to the acidity of the soil no bones survived to confirm this. The local pier, situated west of the settlement, was built in the early 20th century, and has a quay of similar construction. Community One of the main services in the village is Breasclete Primary School, which\n\nKathryn Joy Reynolds (born 1962, now McPhee) is a former Australian politician. She was an Australian Democrats member of the South Australian Legislative Council from 2003 to 2006. Prior to 2003, Reynolds operated her own business On-Track Training, wrote two books (Just a Tick - A Best Practice Survival Guide for Committees and Boards of Management and Take Your Partner for the Corporate Tango) and taught community development at TAFE. Before entering politics she was instrumental in the establishment of the Torrens Valley Community Centre and was active on various local committees including the Adelaide Hills Tourism Association. From 1997 to 2003 she served on the Policy Council of SACOSS. She served a term as an elected member on the District Council of Mount Pleasant prior to its amalgamation with the Barossa Council. Reynolds was the Democrats candidate for the safe Liberal seat of Schubert at the 2002 state election,\n\n(the German form of Latin naenia, meaning \"a funeral song\" named after the Roman goddess Nenia) is a composition for SATB chorus and orchestra, Op. 82 by Johannes Brahms, which sets to music the poem \"\" by Friedrich Schiller. Brahms composed the piece in 1881, in memory of his deceased friend Anselm Feuerbach. It was first performed by the Tonhalle Gesellschaft Chorus Z\u00fcrich on 6 December 1881, conducted by Brahms. N\u00e4nie is a lamentation on the inevitability of death; the first sentence, \"\", translates to \"Even beauty must die\". Typical duration of a performance is approximately 15 minutes. Poem Schiller's lament is not for a specific person but the death of the abstract \"beautiful\" (\"Das Sch\u00f6ne\"). Schiller mentions three episodes from Greek mythology, but again mostly without names, assuming that the reader with knowledge will make the connections. The first episode refers to Orpheus who tries to rescue Eurydice from\n\nQuestion: What's N\u00e4nie?", "output": "is a composition for SATB chorus and orchestra, Op."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Savur (; ; ) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 962 km2, and its population is 24,821 (2022). Demographics According to the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople, 1,032 lived in Savur on the eve of World War I. They had one church and two schools. They were massacred during the Armenian genocide. The Agha Petros mentions a Syriac population of 200. Today, the town is populated by Arabs, Assyrians and Kurds. Politics In the local elections of March 2019, G\u00fclistan \u00d6nc\u00fc of the pro-minority HDP was elected mayor. On 15 November 2019, she was detained due to an investigation related to terrorism. She was dismissed the following day, and District Governor Bayram T\u00fcrker was appointed as a trustee. Composition There are 41 neighbourhoods in Savur District: Aky\u00fcrek () Armutalan () Ba\u011fyaka () Ba\u015fa\u011fa\u00e7 () Ba\u015fkavak () Bengisu \u00c7\u0131nar\u00f6n\u00fc () Derei\u00e7i () Durusu () Evkuran ()\n\nWDNN-CD, virtual channel 49 and UHF digital channel 20, is a low-power, Class A independent television station licensed to Dalton, Georgia, United States. WDNN is primarily viewed on local cable systems as Channel 10. North Georgia Television also owns and operates Antenna TV affiliate WDGA-CD (virtual channel 43, UHF digital channel 47) in Dalton, Georgia. This station has now signed an affiliation agreement with Tribune Entertainment's Antenna TV network, as of October 24, 2018. It is also now boosting its signal coverage area to cover more of Chattanooga, 30 miles northwest. North Georgia Television also owned WTNB-CA in Cleveland, Tennessee until selling it to PTP Holdings in 2009; in 2005, WTNB and WDNN both offered similar schedules featuring FamilyNet and local programming, but WTNB produced its own local programming separate from WDNN and its repeaters. WDNN-CD was also repeated by LaFayette, Georgia's WLFW-LP (on channel 41) until February 16, 2017,\n\nYiannis Ritsos (; 1 May 1909 \u2013 11 November 1990) was a Greek poet and communist and an active member of the Greek Resistance during World War II. While he disliked being regarded as a political poet, he has been called \"the great poet of the Greek left\". Life Born to a well-to-do landowning family in Monemvasia, Ritsos suffered great losses as a child. The early deaths of his mother and eldest brother from tuberculosis, his father's struggles with a mental disease, and the economic ruin of his family marked Ritsos and affected his poetry. Ritsos himself was confined in a sanatorium for tuberculosis from 1927\u20131931. Literary start In 1934, Ritsos joined the Communist Party of Greece (KKE). He maintained a working-class circle of friends and published Tractor in 1934. Kostis Palamas, the well known and respected poet, impressed by his talent, praised him publicly. In 1935, he published Pyramids;\n\nQuestion: What is WDNN-CD", "output": "WDNN-CD, virtual channel 49 and UHF digital channel 20, is a low-power,  Class A independent television station licensed to Dalton, Georgia, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Many happy returns\" is a greeting which is used by some on birthdays, and by others in response to \"Merry Christmas\" and \"Happy New Year\". Since the 18th century this has been used as a salutation to offer the hope that a happy day being marked would recur many more times. It is now primarily used, by some, on birthdays. Prior to the mid-19th century, it was used at any celebratory or festive event. The phrase is more common in British English, Indian English, Hiberno English and to some degree in Canadian English than in American English. Current usage is often as a more formal option than \"Happy Birthday\". It is also often found on greetings cards. Its earliest attributable use was by Lady Newdigate in a letter written in 1789 (and published in Newdigate-Newdegate Cheverels in 1898) The letter was written in London on 31 May 1789 by Hester\n\nCristian Brocchi (; born 30 January 1976) is an Italian professional football manager and former player who was most recently the head coach of Vicenza. As a defensive midfielder, Brocchi was rated for his durability and tackling. He began his career with hometown club AC Milan, but he struggled to break into the first team as a youngster. He was subsequently loaned to Pro Sesto and Lumezzane before being sold to Hellas Verona in 1998. His performances for the club earned him a move to Inter Milan in 2000, where he also struggled due to injury. He returned to Milan in 2001, and went on to represent the club for the next seven seasons, aside from a season on loan with Fiorentina, during a highly successful period for the club, which saw him win the Serie A and two UEFA Champions League titles, among other trophies. He ended his career\n\nTokodede (also known as Tukude, Tocodede, Tokod\u00e9, and Tocod) is one of the languages of East Timor, spoken by about 39,000 people in the municipality of Liqui\u00e7\u00e1, especially the administrative posts of Maubara and Liqui\u00e7\u00e1 along the northern reaches of the Loes River system. The number of speakers has declined in recent years. It is a Malayo-Polynesian language in the Timor group. The first significant text published in Tokodede was , translated by Jo\u00e3o Paulo T. Esperan\u00e7a, Fernanda Correia, and Cesaltina Campos from an article by Jo\u00e3o Paulo T. Esperan\u00e7a entitled \"A Brief Look at the Literature of Timor\". The Tokodede version was published in the literary supplement V\u00e1rzea de Letras, published by the Department of Portuguese Language of the National University of Timor-Leste, in Dili, in December 2005. References External links Peneer meselo laa Literatura kidia-laa Tim\u00f3r, the first significant text published in Tocodede John 8,1-11 in Tokodede Tokodede\n\nQuestion: Define Tokodede language.", "output": "Tokodede is one of the languages of East Timor, spoken by about 39,000 people in the municipality of Liqui\u00e7\u00e1, especially the administrative posts of Maubara and Liqui\u00e7\u00e1 along the northern reaches of the Loes River system."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rafael Kayanan is a Filipino-born naturalised American comics artist and Filipino martial arts master in the Sayoc Kali system. Biography Comics Rafael Kayanan stated in a 2007 interview that he \"grew up with Filipino Komiks masters like Alcala, Coching, and Redondo mixed in with Kirby, Sy Barry's The Phantom, Kubert's Tarzan, and Hal Foster's Prince Valiant. From there I discovered Barry Windsor-Smith, Starlin, Adams, Wrightson, and Gulacy in the 70's. I copied and then drew my own stories on the backs of old xeroxes my mom would bring home from work.\" He has illustrated for every major comic book publisher. His most notable work has been on Marvel Comics' Conan the Adventurer, Acclaim Comics' Turok, and DC Comics' Firestorm and America vs. the Justice Society. He also inked the Eisner Award-nominated series Chiaroscuro: The Life and Times of Leonardo Da Vinci for Vertigo. Kayanan has illustrated concept designs for comic\n\nFadwa Tuqan (, also transliterated as Fadwa Tuqan, , ; 1917 \u2013 12 December 2003), was a Palestinian poet known for her representations of resistance to Israeli occupation in contemporary Arab poetry. Sometimes, she is referred to as the \"Poet of Palestine\". Overview Born in Nablus to the wealthy Palestinian Tuqan family known for their accomplishments in many fields, she received schooling until age 13 when she was forced to quit school at a young age due to illness. One of her brothers, Ibrahim Tuqan, known as the Poet of Palestine, took responsibility of educating her, gave her books to read and taught her English. He was also the one who introduced her to poetry. Tuqan eventually attended Oxford University, where she studied English and literature. Fadwa Tuqan's eldest brother is Ahmad Toukan, former prime minister of Jordan. Tuqan's poetry is known for her distinctive chronicling of the suffering of\n\nThe Menands Bridge, officially known as the Troy-Menands Bridge, is a four-span through truss bridge that carries New York State Route 378 across the Hudson River in New York connecting Menands with Troy. Built in 1933, the crossing is supported by concrete piers and - even though it was designed and constructed at the end of the first third of the 20th century - was originally fitted with a lift section to accommodate tall ships. The section's lifting device was removed in 1966, but the elevating towers remained until their removal in the summer of 2000. Today the bridge has a clearance over the water of , and a horizontal clearance between spans of . In addition, NYSDOT is planning to replace this bridge within the next 10 years. See also List of fixed crossings of the Hudson River References External links Troy-Menands Bridge at Capital Highways Bridges over the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Rafael Kayanan is.", "output": "Rafael Kayanan is a Filipino-born naturalised American comics artist and Filipino martial arts master in the Sayoc Kali system."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jon Sundby (born 8 June 1883 in Vestby, died 14 December 1972 in Vestby) was a Norwegian farmer, politician and a council of state, and he had central positions of trust within agricultural economic organizations. He served as Minister of Agriculture and food from 1931-1932 and Minister of Finance from 1932-1933. Personal life Sundby was born and grew up at Sundby farmyard in Vestby, Akershus, as the youngest child out of six. His father, Julius James Sundby (1837\u20131911) was a farmer and a political spokesman for H\u00f8yre, the conservatives, in Vestby, married to Othilie Strand (1841\u20131909). Jon Sundby married Bertha Marie M\u00f8rk on 29 April 1915. Jon Sundby was the great-grandfather of the Olympic Champion Siren Sundby. Education Sundby graduated state school in 1900, where he continued his education at Sem landbruksskole in Asker where he graduated in 1903. After graduating Norges landbruksh\u00f8gskole (Norwegian School of Agriculture) in 1905, and\n\nThe Earth Party (, ), previously called The Earth Party Movement (, abbreviated MPT, hence called MPT \u2013 Partido da Terra), is a green-conservative political party in Portugal, founded on 12 August 1993. Its main political priorities are the promotion of environmental-friendly policies and the preservation of the national and cultural heritage of Portugal and of the remaining Portuguese-language countries. Between 2005 and 2009, the party had two Deputies in the Assembly of the Republic: Pedro Quartin Gra\u00e7a and Lu\u00eds Carloto Marques, elected on the lists of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), following an agreement with its then leader, Pedro Santana Lopes. The President of the party is Pedro Pimenta, a night watchman, elected in 2020. The party has participated in a number of coalitions with the major centre-right parties in Portugal, namely the PSD and People's Party (CDS\u2013PP). The MPT was a member of the European People's Party group\n\nis a Japanese manga artist, known for creating the manga series The Prince of Tennis. On February 26, 2023, it was reported Konomi is unable to walk anymore and has to use a wheelchair. Financial standing Every year the National Tax Agency releases a list of the highest income tax payers for entertainers in Japan. The higher someone's income tax, the higher their actual presumed earnings; however it is possible for a person to have paid more taxes than another person who made more money. Takeshi Konomi placed number nine on this list in 2002. On January 15, 2014, Takeshi announced that he would return to Shueisha's Weekly Sh\u014dnen Jump magazine. Works The Prince of Tennis, a manga about tennis and at one time the most popular sports manga in Japan (July 1999 \u2013 March 2008) The Prince of After School, a spin-off of The Prince of Tennis (November 2008\n\nQuestion: What's Earth Party?", "output": "The Earth Party, previously called The Earth Party Movement, is a green-conservative political party in Portugal, founded on 12 August 1993."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Vale of the Vole is a fantasy novel by American writer Piers Anthony, the tenth book of the Xanth series. It begins a trilogy including Heaven Cent and Man from Mundania. The novel was written as a satirical jab at the canalization of the Kissimmee River in Anthony's native state of Florida as a result of the effects of the 1947 Atlantic hurricane season. The protagonist of this story is Eskil \"Esk\" Ogre, only son of Tandy Nymph and Smash Ogre. His talent is to protest; when Esk says \"No!\" he really means it. Those he directs this talent at literally stop what they have intended to do. Esk goes to ask Good Magician Humfrey how to get rid of the Demoness Metria, who has seemingly threatened his family. Unfortunately, Humphrey has gone missing. Plot summary On his way to the Good Magician's castle, Esk meets Chex, the winged centaur\n\nAberdour (; Scots: , ) is a scenic and historic village on the south coast of Fife, Scotland. It is on the north shore of the Firth of Forth, looking south to the island of Inchcolm and its Abbey, and to Leith and Edinburgh beyond. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 1,633. The village's winding High Street lies a little inland from the coast. Narrow lanes run off it, providing access to the more hidden parts of the village and the shoreline itself. The village nestles between the bigger coastal towns of Burntisland to the east and Dalgety Bay to the west. The parish of Aberdour takes its name from this village, and had a population of 1,972 at the 2011 Census. Etymology Aberdour means 'mouth of the Dour'. The first element is the Pictish word aber 'river mouth'. The name of the Dour Burn,\n\nStaunton Street () is a street in Central and Sheung Wan, on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. Together with the upper section of Elgin Street, it is the heart of the Soho entertainment area, featuring a number of restaurants, bars and shops. It was named after George Thomas Staunton. Location The street runs on the contour of a hill, and is bounded by Shing Wong Street and Old Bailey Street. It crosses or has junctions with Shelley Street, Graham Street, Peel Street, Elgin Street and Aberdeen Street. Aberdeen Street marks the border between Sheung Wan and Central. History The street is also known as Sam Sap Kan (\u5345\u9593), as there were thirty houses on the street in the early days. It is famous for the tradition of Ghost Festival. The Central\u2013Mid-Levels escalators system bisects Staunton Street. Its opening in 1994 brought rapid change to the street and its life. Upmarket\n\nQuestion: What is Staunton Street", "output": "Staunton Street is a street in Central and Sheung Wan, on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "MV Hythe Scene (formerly MV Great Expectations) is a catamaran ferry operating on the Hythe ferry service. This service connects the town of Hythe and the city of Southampton, across Southampton Water in England. Great Expectations was originally introduced in 1992 and was used on the Gravesend to Tilbury ferry service across the River Thames between Kent and Essex, which was at that time operated by White Horse Ferries Ltd. She was named after the Charles Dickens novel, Great Expectations, in which the countryside of Kent and the marshes on the lower regions of the Thames feature heavily. In 1995, White Horse moved Great Expectations from the Thames to be the front-line vessel on their Hythe service. In 2008, White Horse Ferries spent \u00a350,000 on upgrading the then 16-year-old Great Expectations, including improvements to her main drive shafts. In 2012, Great Expectations received a new green and white with a\n\nVictoria Park is a park located in the west of Glasgow, Scotland, adjacent to the districts of Scotstoun, Whiteinch, Jordanhill and Broomhill. The park was created and named for Queen Victoria's jubilee in 1887. The main entrances to the park are from Westland Drive, Victoria Park Drive North, and Balshagray Avenue. The Friends of Victoria Park (FoVP) is a West Glasgow group set up to protect and develop Victoria Park. Main features There are a number of features within Victoria Park: A memorial honouring the local residents who died in World War I and World War II. A children's playpark with climbing frames and swings. A pond, with two small islands. The larger island is connected on both sides by iron bridges. A fully restored four-dial miniature lamp post clock, donated by William Gordon Oswald in 1888. The Jubilee Gates situated at the Victoria Park North Drive entrance were erected\n\nApolipoprotein B (ApoB) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene. It is commonly used to detect risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Function Apolipoprotein B is the primary apolipoprotein of chylomicrons, VLDL, Lp(a), IDL, and LDL particles (LDL\u2014commonly known as \"bad cholesterol\" when in reference to both heart disease and vascular disease in general), which is responsible for carrying fat molecules (lipids), including cholesterol, around the body to all cells within all tissues. While all the functional roles of ApoB within the LDL (and all larger) particles remain somewhat unclear, it is the primary organizing protein (of the entire complex shell enclosing/carrying fat molecules within) component of the particles and is absolutely required for the formation of these particles. What is also clear is that the ApoB on the LDL particle acts as a ligand for LDL receptors in various cells throughout the body (i.e., less formally,\n\nQuestion: What's MV Hythe Scene?", "output": "MV Hythe Scene is a catamaran ferry operating on the Hythe ferry service."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Time Bandit is a maze shoot 'em up written for the TRS-80 Model I by Bill Dunlevy and Harry Lafnear and published by MichTron in 1983. It was ported to the TRS-80 Color Computer and Dragon 32, but enjoyed its greatest popularity several years later as an early release for the Atari ST. It was also released for the pseudo-PC-compatible Sanyo MBC-55x with 8-color display. Amiga and MS-DOS versions were ported by Timothy Purves. Gameplay In each overhead-view level, the player must gather keys to open locks which allow access to the exit. Between levels, the player chooses the next level from one of 16 different \"Timegates\", each leading to a different world, and each of which must be completed sixteen times, each time being progressively more difficult than the last. The worlds vary in character and difficulty. Some worlds incorporate elements of text adventure games, and most contain gameplay\n\nHockey Club Sokil Kyiv (; ), commonly known as Sokil Kyiv or HC Sokil, is a Ukrainian professional ice hockey team based in Kyiv. While their home arena is located in the city, the team also plays out of Brovary, still within the Kyiv region. They are a founding club of the Professional Hockey League of Ukraine, and have formerly competed in the national leagues of Belarus, Russia, and the Soviet Union. Until 2014 Sokil remained the oldest and most accomplished team in Ukrainian hockey, winning 12 of the 19 Ukrainian Hockey Championships held since 1992. The club's senior team was inactive from 2014 to 2020. The club was founded in 1963 as part of the Dynamo sports society, and adopted its current moniker in 1973. They are the second major-professional ice hockey team to represent the city of Kyiv, preceded only by its short lived predecessor, also named Dynamo\n\nElemir (; ) is a village located in the Zrenjanin municipality, in the Central Banat District of Serbia. It is situated in the province of Vojvodina. As of 2011 census, the village has a population of 4,338 inhabitants. Name In Serbian, the village is known as Elemir or \u0415\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0440, in Hungarian as Elem\u00e9r and in German as Elemer. Demographics As of 2011 census, the village has a population of 4,338 inhabitants. Historical population 1869: 4,359 1900: 4,749 1948: 4,656 1953: 4,757 1961: n/a 1971: 5,001 1981: 4,998 1991: 4,724 2002: 4,690 2011: 4,338 Ethnic groups The ethnic composition of the village (as of 2011 census): Serbs = 4,158 (88.66%) Romani = 181 (3.86%) Hungarians = 93 (1.98%) Yugoslavs = 54 (1.15%) Croats = 24 (0.51%) Others (3.84%) Gallery See also List of places in Serbia List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina References Slobodan \u0106ur\u010di\u0107, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi\n\nQuestion: Define Sokil Kyiv.", "output": "Hockey Club Sokil Kyiv, commonly known as Sokil Kyiv or HC Sokil, is a Ukrainian professional ice hockey team based in Kyiv."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Blair Rodman (born April 5, 1954, in Troy, New York) is an American professional poker player, based in Las Vegas, Nevada. Rodman has been playing poker professionally since 1985, when he quit his job dealing craps. He has had numerous finishes in the money at the World Series of Poker (WSOP) in hold'em, seven-card stud, and Omaha poker tournaments. In March 2005, he made his first World Poker Tour (WPT) final table, finishing 2nd to Arnold Spee in the 2005 World Poker Challenge. In May 2005, Rodman made the final table of the Professional Poker Tour event won by Ted Forrest. He also made the final tables at the 2nd and 3rd Ultimate Poker Challenge grand finals, finishing 2nd and 6th respectively. He made a second WPT final table in February 2006, again finishing 2nd, this time to Barry Greenstein in the Pro-Celebrity Invitational event. On July 1, 2007, Rodman\n\nTisha Monique is a British singer and actress, best known for being a member of the R&B band The 411. As an actress, she is best known as Missy in Kerching!, and Ella in The Basil Brush Show. Early life Martin attended the Sylvia Young Theatre School in London. Career Martin first appeared on British television in the CBBC sitcom Kerching! as the character Missy Lewis. She played the sister of the main character, Taj. Missy worked in the Chill Out Grill as one of the idle waitresses who were rude to the customers and did little work as they spent most of their time texting or talking on their mobiles. Her next part was in the also CBBC sitcom The Basil Brush Show, where she played the character of Ella, Molly's next door neighbour. Presently, Martin is a reader on Jackanory Junior every Sunday on CBeebies. In 2003 Martin\n\nThe Honeymoon Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for three-year-old fillies over a distance of one and one-eighth miles on the turf course scheduled annually in late May or early June at Santa Anita Park. The event currently carries a purse of $100,000. History The event was inaugurated on 18 May 1952 as the Sea Breeze Stakes and was run at Hollywood Park Racetrack in Inglewood, California before a crowd of 41,369. The event was run over 6 furlongs on the dirt and was won by Tonga in an upset starting at 51-1 defeating Princess Lygia and A Gleam. The event honors the outstanding California bred mare, Honeymoon who won several races at Hollywood Park including the inaugural running of the Hollywood Oaks in 1946. Honeymoon was also successful at Santa Anita Park winning the 1948 Santa Maria Handicap. The event was changed to the Honeymoon Stakes\n\nQuestion: Define Tisha Martin.", "output": "Tisha Monique is a British singer and actress, best known for being a member of the R&B band The 411."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "An h\u00f3rreo is a typical granary from the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Asturias, Galicia, where it might be called a Galician granary, and Northern Portugal), built in wood or stone, raised from the ground (to keep rodents out) by pillars ( in Asturian, pegoyos in Cantabrian, in Galician, in Portuguese, in Basque) ending in flat staddle stones (vira-ratos in Galician, mueles or tornarratos in Asturian, or zubiluzea in Basque) to prevent access by rodents. Ventilation is allowed by the slits in its walls. Names In some areas, h\u00f3rreos are known as horriu, (Asturian), (Leonese), (Cantabrian), h\u00f3rreo, paneira, canastro, piorno, cabazo (Galician), , , , (Portuguese), , , (Basque). Distribution H\u00f3rreos are mainly found in the Northwest of Spain (Galicia and Asturias) and Northern Portugal. There are two main types of h\u00f3rreo, rectangular-shaped, the more extended, usually found in Galicia and coastal areas of Asturias; and square-shaped h\u00f3rreos from Asturias,\n\nSir Walter John George Verco (18 January 1907 \u2013 10 March 2001) was a long-serving officer of arms who served in many capacities at the College of Arms in London. Biography Walter John George Verco was born in London on 18 January 1907. He was educated at Tollington Park Central School. In 1954 he was appointed Rouge Croix Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary. He was on the Earl Marshal's staff for the funeral of King George VI in 1952, the Queen's coronation in 1953, the funeral of Sir Winston Churchill in 1965 and the Investiture of the Prince of Wales in 1969. He was also appointed Earl Marshal's Secretary in 1961. In 1960, Verco was promoted to Chester Herald of Arms in Ordinary. He was promoted to Norroy and Ulster King of Arms in 1971. He was appointed Surrey Herald Extraordinary in 1980, a post he held until May 1996.\n\nLeontine Cooper (22 April 1837 \u2013 12 March 1903) was a teacher, trade union organiser, suffragist and campaigner for women's rights in Queensland, Australia. Life Leontine Mary Jane Buisson was born 22 April 1837 in Battersea, Surrey to Frenchman Jean Fran\u00e7ois (aka 'John Francis') Buisson and his English wife, Dorothy. Leontine was the eldest of their children and she grew up first in Battersea then in Brighton. A younger sister was the author Ada Buisson (1839-1866). She married Edward Cooper on 31 January 1866 in Hampstead, north London and they emigrated to Australia about 1871. Leontine was employed as a teacher soon after her arrival in Queensland, working first at the Albany Creek School, then as the French teacher at Brisbane Girls Grammar School. She was also a writer, with her short stories appearing in The Boomerang and in the mid-1890s she combined two of her interests, as she edited\n\nQuestion: What's H\u00f3rreo?", "output": "An h\u00f3rreo is a typical granary from the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, built in wood or stone, raised from the ground by pillars ending in flat staddle stones to prevent access by rodents."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Queer Boys and Girls on the Shinkansen is a 2004 Japanese movie produced by habakari-cinema+records. The English title is Queer Boys and Girls on the Bullet Train. Description Queer Boys and Girls on the Shinkansen brings together ten filmmakers and artists who consistently affirm what it means to be gay or lesbian in their work. Habakari chose ten filmmakers to make a five-minute work each, developed around a gay or lesbian theme, and compiled the resulting shorts in random order to create this omnibus film. The result is a queer film, by queer filmmakers, for a queer audience. Each short is its own short story, and the styles range from drama and experimental film and animation. Acts The movie consists of twelve acts. 00 - Opening Act, \"Let's Take a Trip\". 01 - \"Parallel Contact\", written and directed by Hasegawa Kenjiro. 02 - \"I Hum, and She's Dashing When She\n\nBe\u015firi (, ) is a town and seat of the Be\u015firi District in the Batman Province of Turkey. Its population is 11,120 (2021). It was originally a village of Diyarbak\u0131r Province, it later became a district of Siirt Province and finally in 1990 a district of Batman. The mayor is Sait Karabulut (AKP), elected in 2019. The town is divided into the neighborhoods of Ba\u011fdu, Behrem, Cumhuriyet (), Kobin, Mehmet Yatk\u0131n and Milli Egemenlik. Demographics The Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople recorded 5,038 Armenians in the kaza before the First World War. They spoke Kurdish and had 15 churches and 14 schools. 200 Syriacs lived in the town and 4,690 more in 27 surrounding villages. The vast majority of the Armenians and Syriacs were massacred during the late Ottoman genocides. Notable residents \u0130smail \u00d6zden References Populated places in Batman Province District municipalities in Turkey Be\u015firi District Kurdish settlements in Batman Province\n\nThe Ethiopian Democratic Union or EDU, also known as Teranafit (formerly a separate group based in Shire before it merged with the EDU), was one of the political parties that formed in opposition to the Derg regime of Ethiopia. It merged with the Ethiopian Democratic Party to form the Ethiopian Democratic Unity Party. Armed struggle Founded in the aftermath of the revolution and the military coup that toppled Emperor Haile Selassie in September 1974, the EDU professed a conservative agenda. Established under the tutelage of the hereditary Prince of Tigray, Ras Mangasha Seyum, the EDU was made up of various elements that included land owners who were opposed to the nationalization of their land holdings, monarchists, high-ranking military officers displaced by the mutineers who had led the coup against the Emperor, and conservative and centrist opponents of the Marxist-Leninist Derg. From mid-1976 into 1977, the EDU broadcast radio programs into\n\nQuestion: What is Queer Boys and Girls on the Shinkansen?", "output": "Queer Boys and Girls on the Shinkansen is a 2004 Japanese movie produced by habakari-cinema+records."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A split jump is a sequence of body movements in which a split is performed after jumping, while the performer is still in the air. Split jumps are commonly found in dance, figure skating, and gymnastics, and may also be used as a form of exercise. In figure skating Split jumps are a category of figure skating jumps in which the skater achieves a split position in the air. Unlike most figure skating jumps, split jumps are positional jumps, rather than rotational jumps; the point of them is to achieve a position in the air, not to rotate a specific number of times. Most split jumps are derived from the half flip, a half-rotation jump with a flip entry. Split jumps can also be done with half Lutz or falling leaf (a loop jump with a half-revolution in the air) entries. More rarely, full-rotation flip and Lutz jumps can be\n\nFriends Hospital is a psychiatric hospital located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1813 by Quakers as The Asylum for the Relief of Persons Deprived of the Use of Their Reason, the institution was later renamed the Frankford Asylum for the Insane. It was the first private mental hospital in the United States, and is the oldest such institution with a continuous history of operation. Its campus, which dates to its founding, is a National Historic Landmark. Friends Hospital is accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations and licensed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Mission The 1813 mission statement of the hospital was \"To provide for the suitable accommodation of persons who are or may be deprived of the use of their reason, and the maintenance of an asylum for their reception, which is intended to furnish, besides requisite medical aid, such tender, sympathetic attention as\n\nDEV-O Live is a live EP (and, later, live album) by American new wave band Devo. It was recorded during the Freedom of Choice tour on August 16, 1980, at the Fox Warfield Theatre in San Francisco. Background DEV-O Live stems from a 16-track promotional album called Devo Live: Warner Bros. Music Show, recorded for broadcast on the King Biscuit Flower Hour. The broadcast was so popular that four songs (\"Freedom of Choice Theme Song\", \"Whip It\", \"Be Stiff\" and \"Gates of Steel\") were released as a promotional EP in November 1980, titled DEV-O Live, followed by the more widely available EP of the same name that added two more tracks (\"Girl U Want\" and \"Planet Earth\"). In 1999, Rhino Handmade re-released DEV-O Live on CD and included both the wide release EP version and the original promotional album in its entirety. Additionally, side breaks and the announcer's voice from\n\nQuestion: What is DEV-O Live?", "output": "DEV-O Live is a live EP by American new wave band Devo."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tim Brewster (born October 13, 1960) is an American football coach and former player who is currently the tight ends coach for the University of Colorado. He also served as the tight ends coach and recruiting coordinator for the North Carolina Tar Heels football program. He was the head coach of the University of Minnesota from 2007 until he was fired midway through the Golden Gophers' 2010 season. In 2011, Brewster was a sideline analyst for Fox College Football and the 'NFL on Fox with Gus Johnson and Charles Davis. Playing career As a football player born and raised in Phillipsburg, New Jersey, U.S. and coming out of Phillipsburg High School, Brewster was a hybrid somewhere between a wide receiver and a tight end. He enrolled at Pasadena City College, at the time a major junior college program, and was recruited along with five other players to transfer to the\n\nThe Uttar Pradesh cricket team, formerly United Provinces Cricket Team, is a domestic cricket team which is based in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, run by the Uttar Pradesh Cricket Association. The team competes in the first-class cricket tournament Ranji Trophy and limited-overs Vijay Hazare Trophy and Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy. They have won the Ranji Trophy in 2005\u201306 and have been runners-up on five occasions. Cricketers such as Suresh Raina, Mohammad Kaif, Piyush Chawla, Praveen Kumar, Bhuvneshwar Kumar, Kuldeep Yadav and Sudeep Tyagi have passed through Uttar Pradesh and gone on to represent India. Competition history The team was formed in 1934 under the name of \"United Provinces\". The team's best performance in the Ranji Trophy in their early years came in 1939\u201340 when they finished as runners-up. In the 1950\u201351 season, the team's name was changed to \"Uttar Pradesh\". Uttar Pradesh have not been strong in the\n\nPierre H\u00e9rigone (Latinized as Petrus Herigonius) (1580\u20131643) was a French mathematician and astronomer. Of Basque origin, H\u00e9rigone taught in Paris for most of his life. Works Only one work by H\u00e9rigone is known to exist: Cursus mathematicus, nova, brevi, et clara methodo demonstratus, per notas reales et universales, citra usum cujuscunque idiomatis intellectu faciles (published in Paris in six volumes from 1634 to 1637; second edition 1644), a compendium of elementary mathematics written in French and Latin. The work introduced a system of mathematical and logical notation. It has been said that \"H\u00e9rigone introduced so many new symbols in this six-volume work that some suggest that the introduction of these symbols, rather than an effective mathematics text, was his goal.\" Florian Cajori has written that the work contains \"a full recognition of the importance of notation and an almost reckless eagerness to introduce an exhaustive set of symbols...\" H\u00e9rigone may\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Uttar Pradesh cricket team is.", "output": "The Uttar Pradesh cricket team, formerly United Provinces Cricket Team, is a domestic cricket team which is based in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, run by the Uttar Pradesh Cricket Association."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dommedagsnatt is the only album released by Thorr's Hammer. It was originally released on Moribund Records on cassette in 1996, but it was not until it was re-released on CD in 1998 on Southern Lord Records (the first release for the label) that it began to gain more popularity. The CD release contained a track that was not on the original cassette version (Mellom Galgene). Since then it has been reissued in 2004 on CD again, this time with a bonus live video, and on picture disc (limited to 1000 copies). In 2009, Southern Lord reissued the album on vinyl (in both clear and black vinyl versions) with new cover art. Track listing \"Norge\" \u2013 7:37 \"Troll\" \u2013 4:25 \"Dommedagsnatt\" \u2013 8:07 \"Mellom Galgene\" (Live) \u2013 12:12 Credits Runhild Gammels\u00e6ter (aka Ozma) - vocals and lyrics Greg Anderson - electric guitar Stephen O'Malley - electric guitar James Hale - bass\n\n\"Just Feel Better\" was the second international single to be released from Santana's 2005 album All That I Am. The song features lead vocals by Aerosmith frontman Steven Tyler, also signed to Sony Music Entertainment. The song is produced by John Shanks and written by Jamie Houston, Buck Johnson and Damon Johnson. The single achieved reasonable success in Australia, debuting at Number 8 on the ARIA chart and receiving significant airplay. In Australia it has been on Rage (ABC) and videohits (channel 10) a number of times. The song was also recorded with Puddle of Mudd frontman Wes Scantlin on vocals but Santana said he felt Tyler did it better, with more emotion, although he liked both renditions. In 2010, Damon Johnson recorded his own version of the song for his album Release. This song is shown to be playing on the first generation iPod Nano on its packaging box.\n\nAndrew James Wilson (2 August 1948 \u2013 3 July 2013), better known as Snoo Wilson, was an English playwright, screenwriter and director. His early plays such as Blow-Job (1971) were overtly political, often combining harsh social comment with comedy. In his later works he moved away from purely political themes, embracing a range of surrealist, magical, philosophical and madcap, darkly comic subjects. After studying literature at the University of East Anglia, Wilson began his writing career in 1969. He began to build his reputation with a series of plays and screenplays in the early 1970s and was a founder of Portable Theatre Company, a touring company concentrating on experimental theatre. In the mid-1970s, he served as dramaturge to the Royal Shakespeare Company and produced one of his best-regarded plays, The Soul of the White Ant. In 1978, his surrealist play The Glad Hand attracted favourable notice, as did his 1994\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Snoo Wilson.", "output": "Andrew James Wilson, better known as Snoo Wilson, was an English playwright, screenwriter and director."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Spangenhelm, or segmented helmet, was a popular medieval European combat helmet design of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. They are often contrasted with Eastern lamellar helmets. Construction The name Spangenhelm is of German origin. Spangen refers to the metal strips that form the framework for the helmet and could be translated as braces, and -helm simply means helmet. The strips connect three to six steel or bronze plates. The frame takes a conical design that curves with the shape of the head and culminates in a point. The front of the helmet may include a nose protector (a nasal). Older spangenhelms often include cheek flaps made from metal or leather. Spangenhelms may incorporate mail as neck protection, thus forming a partial aventail. Some spangenhelms include eye protection in a shape that resembles modern eyeglass frames, and are thus sometimes called \"spectacle helmets\". Other spangenhelms include a full\n\nThe Horace Mann School for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (HMS) is the oldest public day school for the Deaf and hard of hearing in the United States. Located in the Allston neighborhood of Boston, the Horace Mann School is a member of Boston Public Schools, and has a long history of providing education for deaf and hard of hearing students. History Founded in 1869, Boston School for the Deaf Mutes was established by the Boston School Committee. Renamed after Horace Mann, an advocate for oralism, in 1877, HMS has since occupied many different buildings in and around Boston. At the school\u2019s opening in November 1869, one group of HMS students attended classes in the morning in an available space on East Street while a second group of learners attended afternoon classes in a space on Somerset Street. After only two months, HMS was relocated within Pemberton Square where\n\nAnalcime (; ) or analcite is a white, gray, or colorless tectosilicate mineral. Analcime consists of hydrated sodium aluminium silicate in cubic crystalline form. Its chemical formula is NaAlSi2O6\u00b7H2O. Minor amounts of potassium and calcium substitute for sodium. A silver-bearing synthetic variety also exists (Ag-analcite). Analcime is usually classified as a zeolite mineral, but structurally and chemically it is more similar to the feldspathoids. Analcime isn't classified as an isometric crystal, as although the crystal structure appears to be isometric, it is usually off only by a fraction of an angle. However, there are truly isometric samples of the mineral, which makes its classification even more difficult. Due to the differences between the samples being too slight, there's no merit from having multiple species names, so as a result analcime is a common example for minerals occurring in multiple crystal systems and space groups. It was first described by French\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Spangenhelm is.", "output": "The Spangenhelm, or segmented helmet, was a popular medieval European combat helmet design of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dana Tyler (born November 24, 1958) is a news anchor and reporter at WCBS-TV in New York City, where she anchors the station's 6 PM newscast. In addition, Tyler hosts Eye on New York, a half-hour weekly community affairs program for WCBS, as well as several annual local specials: CBS 2 at Tonys, CBS 2 at the Met and Tunnel to Towers Run. Tyler first joined WCBS as a weekend anchor and a reporter on July 16, 1990. Early life and education Tyler was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and grew up in Worthington, Ohio, a suburb of Columbus. Her father, Waldo H. Tyler, was a pharmacist in Columbus. In 1966, the elder Tyler generated notoriety for ending the sale of cigarettes in his store. Her great-great-grandfather was James Seneca Tyler, the first black clerk of the Ohio House of Representatives. Her great-grandfather was Ralph Waldo Tyler, a society editor\n\n\"Cash Machine\" is the debut single by English indie rock band Hard-Fi, taken from their 2005 debut album, Stars of CCTV. It was originally released on 24 January 2005, when it was ineligible in the UK Singles Chart due to the inclusion of a sticker. After the success of singles such as \"Hard to Beat\", it was re-released on 26 December 2005, peaking at number 14 on the UK Singles Chart and number 15 on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. There have been three different music videos: one low-budget for the original release and two versions for the re-release. History Hard-Fi frontman Richard Archer describes this song as being about \"Having no money\"; the song however, is much deeper than that, it tells of the kind of life Archer may have lived before reaching success, \"Go to a cash machine, to get a ticket home, a message on\n\nCorpe () is a commune of the Vend\u00e9e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France. History The name Corpe is derived from an old French word for a crow 'Corp'. Corpe is part of the canton of Mareuil-sur-Lay and was originally an agricultural community. It is recorded in the rolls of the Battle of Agincort that Monsegnior de Corpe was captured by the English and held ransom at the sum of 200,000 billets. The price of his ransom reflects the fact that he was a major player in the war as the ransom for a Man at Arms was 1,000 billets. There is no record of any such ransom ever being paid. More recently as the number of people employed in farming declined due to mechanisation, Corpe grew to accommodate people working in the businesses in and around Lu\u00e7on due to the good communications. The wealth\n\nQuestion: What is Cash Machine", "output": "\"Cash Machine\" is the debut single by English indie rock band Hard-Fi, taken from their 2005 debut album, Stars of CCTV."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jann Browne (born March 14, 1954) is an American country music singer. She moved to Southern California in 1978 where she performed in a number of Orange County country bars. From 1981 through 1983, before her solo career, she was a vocalist with the Western swing group Asleep at the Wheel. She has recorded four studio albums, and has charted three singles on the Hot Country Songs charts. Her highest single is the 1990s \"Tell Me Why\" at No. 18. She was named \"Female Entertainer of the Year\", and her song \"Louisville\" was named \"Song of the Year\", by the California Country Music Association. In 1990, she was nominated for Top New Female Vocalist at the Academy of Country Music Awards, along with Daniele Alexander and Mary Chapin Carpenter, but lost to Carpenter. Discography Albums Singles Notes: A \"Mexican Wind\" did not chart on Hot Country Songs, but peaked at\n\nSigismund Wilhelm Koelle or K\u00f6lle (July 14, 1823 \u2013 February 18, 1902) was a German missionary working on behalf of the London-based Church Missionary Society, at first in Sierra Leone, where he became a pioneer scholar of the languages of Africa, and later in Constantinople. He published a major study in 1854, Polyglotta Africana, marking the beginning of serious study by Europeans of African languages. Life Sigismund Koelle was born in Cleebronn in the W\u00fcrttemberg region of southern Germany. In his W\u00fcrttemberg origin he resembles his contemporaries Johann Ludwig Krapf (born 1810) and Johannes Rebmann (born 1820), who also worked as linguists and missionaries for the Church Missionary Society, but in East Africa. Another CMS missionary born in W\u00fcrttemberg was Karl Gottlieb Pfander (born 1803), who was Koelle's colleague in Istanbul. After training in the Basel Mission, a missionary seminary in Basel, Switzerland, Koelle transferred in 1845 to the Church\n\nJoseph Whiteside Boyle (6 November 1867 \u2013 14 April 1923), better known as Klondike Joe Boyle, was a Canadian adventurer who became a businessman and entrepreneur in the United Kingdom. In the First World War he came to see service assisting the allied Kingdom of Romania. Family Joseph Boyle was born in Toronto, Ontario, the son of Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame racehorse trainer Charles Boyle and wife Martha Bain Boyle. His brother, David A. Boyle, would follow in their father's footsteps and become a Thoroughbred racehorse trainer. His family had immigrated from the Ulster region of Ireland (modern Northern Ireland) to Canada in 1839. The Boyle family were Protestants and Unionist in their political sympathies, but he was always proud to call himself a \"fighting Irishman\". Though he was born in Toronto, he grew up in Woodstock. Early career Boyle was early to recognize the potential of large-scale\n\nQuestion: Who was Joseph W. Boyle?", "output": "Joseph Whiteside Boyle, better known as Klondike Joe Boyle, was a Canadian adventurer who became a businessman and entrepreneur in the United Kingdom."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sch\u00f6nhausen Palace () is a Baroque palace at Niedersch\u00f6nhausen, in the borough of Pankow, Berlin, Germany. It is surrounded by gardens through which the Panke river runs. The palace is maintained by the Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation Berlin-Brandenburg and reopened to the public in 2009 after extensive restoration. History Brandenburg-Prussia In 1662 Countess Sophie Theodore, a scion of the Holland-Brederode family and wife of the Brandenburg general Christian Albert of Dohna, acquired the lands Niedersch\u00f6nhausen and Pankow, then far north of the Berlin city gates. In 1664 she built a manor at Niedersch\u00f6nhausen in \"Dutch\" style. Minister Joachim Ernst von Grumbkow acquired it in 1680 and, in 1691, his widow sold it for 16,000 Thalers to the Hohenzollern elector Frederick III of Brandenburg, who had fallen in love with the property earlier. Frederick put the manor under the care of the Amt Niedersch\u00f6nhausen and had it remodeled into a\n\nCelebrity biographers are authors who specialize in writing sensationalized books about the lives of celebrities. Historically, biographers have been limited to those who specialized in literary works on important personalities or those officially commissioned by a living person or if deceased, by the estate to provide a biography of that person. In recent years, the term \"celebrity biographer\" has come into existence. ForeWord Magazine notes that \"There is the literary biographer and the celebrity biographer.\" Designed to be entertainment, books by celebrity biographers are often referred to as \"quickie\" biographies due to the limited amount of research done vis-\u00e0-vis that of a literary biographer. Books about celebrities have existed for many years but the advent of the personal computer (PC) reduced writing and editing costs substantially. Combined with the Internet, that provided massive sources and easy contact, the PC created an explosion of celebrity books beginning in the early 1990s.\n\nErast Pavlovich Garin (; \u2013 4 September 1980) was a Soviet and Russian actor, director and screenwriter. He was, together with Igor Ilyinsky and Sergey Martinson, one of the leading comic actors of Vsevolod Meyerhold's company and of the Soviet cinema. He was named People's Artist of the USSR in 1977. Garin was born in Ryazan as Erast Gerasimov. He started his acting career in 1919 in an amateur theatre of the Ryazan military district. In 1926 he finished his education in the experimental theatrical workshops of the People's Commissariat for Education. He always looked up upon Meyerhold and Michael Chekhov as his mentors, rejecting naturalistic acting techniques propagated by Konstantin Stanislavski and paying utmost importance to voice and gesture. Garin worked with Meyerhold in his theatre until its dissolution in 1936. Among his triumphs was the part of Khlestakov in the 1926 production of The Government Inspector. The trance-like\n\nQuestion: What is Celebrity biographer?", "output": "Celebrity biographers are authors who specialize in writing sensationalized books about the lives of celebrities."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sir Gerald Woods Wollaston (2 June 1874 \u2013 4 March 1957) was a long-serving officer of arms at the College of Arms in London. Wollaston's family had a firm tradition at the College of Arms. Wollaston's great-grandfather was Sir William Woods, Garter Principal King of Arms from 1838 until his death in 1842. His grandfather was Sir Albert William Woods who held the same post from 1869 to 1904. Wollaston's first heraldic post came in 1902 with his appointment as Fitzalan Pursuivant of Arms Extraordinary. This appointment came on the coronation of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in that year. He held this post until becoming a member of the College chapter on 11 January 1906 as Bluemantle Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary. On 26 February 1919, Wollaston was promoted to the office of Richmond Herald of Arms in Ordinary. He remained a herald in ordinary until 1929, when\n\nRiding Giants is a 2004 documentary film produced by Agi Orsi and directed and narrated by Stacy Peralta, a famous skater/surfer. The movie traces the origins of surfing and specifically focuses on the art of big wave riding. Some of the featured surfers are Greg Noll, Laird Hamilton, and Jeff Clark, and surfing pioneers such as Mickey Munoz. Synopsis The film begins with a historical overview, starting at its Hawaiian beginnings, then moves on to focus on the dangerous lure of big-wave surfing (surfing waves that can reach up to ). The documentary chronicles the evolution of riding at Hawaii's Waimea Bay in the 1950s, the revolution of lighter boards, and tow-in surfing to allow for \"riding giants\". Three surfers who are part of this multi-generational evolution are spotlighted: Greg Noll is shown as a fearless big wave rider during the 1950s and 1960s; Jeff Clark who discovered Mavericks in\n\nThe British Rail flying saucer, officially known simply as space vehicle, was a proposed interplanetary spacecraft designed by Charles Osmond Frederick. Although the proposed craft required controlled thermonuclear fusion and other futuristic technologies, a patent application was filed on behalf of British Rail in December 1970 and granted on 21 March 1973. Purpose The flying saucer originally started as a proposal for a lifting platform. However, the project was revised and edited, and by the time the patent was filed had become a large passenger craft for interplanetary travel. Design The craft was to be powered by nuclear fusion, using laser beams to produce pulses of nuclear energy in a generator in the centre of the craft, at a rate of over 1000 Hz to prevent resonance, which could damage the vehicle. The pulses of energy would then have been transferred out of a nozzle into a series of radial\n\nQuestion: Define Riding Giants.", "output": "Riding Giants is a 2004 documentary film produced by Agi Orsi and directed and narrated by Stacy Peralta, a famous skater/surfer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sebasti\u00e1n Keitel Bianchi (born February 14, 1973, in Santiago) is a Chilean ex-sprinter who competed mostly in the 200 metres. He was coached by renowned Chilean coach Pedro Soto Acu\u00f1a. Biography Sebasti\u00e1n Keitel comes from an athletics family, his father Alberto Keitel, was a sprinter in the 1960s, his grandmother, Mar\u00eda Cristina B\u00f6cke was the South American discus throw champion in 1939. He has been successful at the regional level, and won a bronze medal at the 1995 World Indoor Championships. He currently holds the national records of Chile in the 100 metres (10.10) and the 200 metres (20.15). At his prime, he was regarded as the fastest Caucasian man in the world in the 200 metres. Political career After his retirement, Keitel announced that he would run as a candidate for the Chamber of Deputies of Chile for the 2017 Chilean general election, as an independent affiliated with Political\n\nArnett Cleophus Cobb (August 10, 1918 \u2013 March 24, 1989) was an American tenor saxophonist, sometimes known as the \"Wild Man of the Tenor Sax\" because of his uninhibited stomping style. Cobb wrote the words and music for the jazz standard \"Smooth Sailing\" (1951), which Ella Fitzgerald recorded for Decca on her album Lullabies of Birdland. Biography Born in Houston, Texas, he was taught to play piano by his grandmother, and he went on to study violin before taking up tenor saxophone in the high school band. At the age of 15 he joined Louisiana bandleader Frank Davis's band, doing shows in Houston and throughout Louisiana during the summer. Cobb continued his musical career with the local bands of trumpeter Chester Boone, from 1934 to 1936, and Milt Larkin, from 1936 to 1942 (which included a period on the West Coast with Floyd Ray). Among his bandmates in the Larkin\n\nis a Japanese post-apocalyptic manga series written and illustrated by Masatoshi Usune, serialized in Enterbrain's Comic Beam from August 1997 to October 2020. The published chapters have been collected in 22 volumes. The manga was adapted into a 24-episode anime television series produced by Gonzo and directed by Takayuki Inagaki with character designs by Takahiro Yoshimatsu and music by Kouhei Tanaka. It aired in Japan from 4 October 2004 to 28 March 2005. Funimation has licensed the series for distribution in the United States. Plot After an implied global nuclear catastrophe Japan has been reduced to a desert (\"The Great Kanto Desert\"), and the surviving humans seek out a meager living in the hot sands. Desert Punk focuses on the adventures of a wandering mercenary named Kanta Mizuno, nicknamed Desert Punk (Sunab\u014dzu), due to his seemingly incredible feats of skill and daring while on the job. Throughout the series, he\n\nQuestion: Who is Sebasti\u00e1n Keitel", "output": "Sebasti\u00e1n Keitel Bianchi is a Chilean ex-sprinter who competed mostly in the 200 metres."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Andriscus (, Andr\u00edskos; 154/153 BC \u2013 146 BC), also often referenced as Pseudo-Philip, was a Greek pretender who became the last independent king of Macedon in 149 BC as Philip VI (, Philipos), based on his claim of being Philip, a now-obscure son of the last legitimate Macedonian king, Perseus. His reign lasted just one year and was toppled by the Roman Republic during the Fourth Macedonian War. Ancient sources generally agree that he was originally a fuller from Adramyttium in Aeolis in western Anatolia. Around 153 BC, his ancestry was supposedly revealed to him, upon which he travelled to the court of his claimed uncle, the Seleucid monarch Demetrius I Soter, to request assistance in claiming his throne. Demetrius refused and had him sent to Rome, where he was judged harmless and exiled to a city in Italy; he managed to escape, and after gathering support, primarily from Thrace,\n\nMinnesota Valley State Recreation Area is a unit of the Minnesota state park system in Scott County, Minnesota, the United States. The park is not continuous but is composed of waysides, four of which are strung along the Minnesota River between Shakopee and Belle Plaine. The various waysides are interspersed with units of the Minnesota Valley National Wildlife Refuge, a part of the Mississippi National River and Recreation Area. Although the state recreation area is managed by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the national wildlife refuge by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, both agencies share a consistent signage to simplify visitation. History The lower Minnesota River valley had been recognized for its scenic and recreational potential since at least 1939, but when a bill proposing an state park went before the Minnesota Legislature in 1967 it did not pass. Two years later a scaled-back proposal also\n\nYusuf Haji Nur (, ; died 23 June 2019) was a Somali politician and lawyer. He was Chief Justice of Puntland. On 1 July 2001, he declared himself acting President of Puntland after the end of the presidential term of Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed. However, the former President rejected Yusuf Haji's claim and insisted that he was the legitimate President, which led to a two-year civil war in Puntland. Yusuf served as interim President until 14 November 2001. He later became an independent lawyer and headed PARA LEGAL, a law firm for people who couldn't afford to pay for legal proceedings. On 16 August 2016, Puntland President Abdiweli Mohamed Ali appointed Nur as Chief Justice of the Puntland Supreme Court. Prior to this, Nur held this position under Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed. On 21 August 2016, Yusuf took office. In June 2019, Yusuf Haji Nur died in Turkey. On 23 June, Puntland\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Yusuf Haji Nur.", "output": "Yusuf Haji Nur was a Somali politician and lawyer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Tatjana \u0160imi\u0107 (born 9 June 1963), also known by the mononym Tatjana, is a Croatian-Dutch model, actress and singer. Biography \u0160imi\u0107 was born in Zagreb, PR Croatia, Yugoslavia on 9 June 1963, but moved with her mother and sister to Rotterdam in 1979 at the age of 16. In the 1980s, having won a national modeling contest, she commenced work as an actress and model. In the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany, she remains known for her portrayal of the character Kees Flodder, a daughter in the dysfunctional and anti-social Flodder family, which featured in several Dutch comedy films and a television series in the 1980s and 1990s. The original movie was popular in the Netherlands, reaching two and a half million viewers. \u0160imi\u0107, a sex symbol, has appeared on the cover of Playboy seventeen times between 1988 and 1996; thirteen times on the Dutch edition and four times on the\n\nis a progressive rock band from Japan which began in 1973. They gained some attention when they performed the soundtrack to Cromartie High School (under the pseudonym of Bikyoran). They also performed the ending theme for the show (entitled \"Trust Me\"); however the opening theme was by Yoshida Takuro. Their sound is often compared with King Crimson (they started as a King Crimson tribute band) which is understandable given guitarist Kunio Suma's emulation of Fripp's renowned style and some similarity in song titles (\"Vision of the City\", \"21st Century Africa\"). Members 1973 1st BIKYORAN - electric guitar, vocals - bass, vocals - drums, vocals 1975 MADOROMI - electric guitar, vocals - bass, vocals - drums 1977 2nd BIKYORAN - electric guitar, vocals - bass, vocals - drums - Keybd - violin 1978 3rd BIKYORAN - electric guitar, vocals - bass, vocals - drums - keybd - violin 1982 4th BIKYORAN\n\nThe \"Weird Al\" Yankovic Video Library is a VHS release of most of \"Weird Al\" Yankovic music videos to date. The VHS contains 12 music videos: \"Fat\" (from Even Worse album) \"Smells Like Nirvana\" (from Off the Deep End album) \"Like a Surgeon\" (from Dare to Be Stupid album) \"Eat It\" (from \"Weird Al\" Yankovic in 3-D album) \"Living with a Hernia\" (from Polka Party! album) \"Dare to Be Stupid\" (from Dare to Be Stupid album) \"This Is The Life (\"Weird Al\" Yankovic)\" (from Dare to Be Stupid album) \"I Lost on Jeopardy\" (from \"Weird Al\" Yankovic in 3-D album) \"I Love Rocky Road\" (from \"Weird Al\" Yankovic) \"Christmas at Ground Zero\" (from Polka Party! album) \"Ricky\"(from \"Weird Al\" Yankovic) \"One More Minute\" (from Dare to Be Stupid album) Notable, for their absence, are \"UHF\" and \"Money For Nothing/Beverly Hillbillies\", Yankovic's only two music videos at the time of release\n\nQuestion: Define Bi Kyo Ran.", "output": "is a progressive rock band from Japan which began in 1973."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Schizoglossa novoseelandica is a predatory species of air-breathing land slug or semi-slug, a terrestrial gastropod mollusc in the family Rhytididae. It is the type species of the genus Schizoglossa and is found only in New Zealand. The survival of this species is not threatened; it is not listed in the 2009 IUCN Red List nor is it in the 2005 New Zealand Threat Classification System lists. Subspecies Schizoglossa novoseelandica novoseelandica - on the New Zealand mainland. Schizoglossa novoseelandica barrierensis - found only on Great Barrier Island. Distribution Schizoglossa novoseelandica novoseelandica is found on the North Island, New Zealand. Localities include Kakepuku mountain in the Waikato, Wainuiomata in the Wellington Region, Toko near Stratford, Cape Egmont, and Mount Messenger Conservation Area in Taranaki, Bushy Park and Hunterville in the Manawat\u016b-Whanganui Region, Whangarei Heads in Northland, Ohingaiti, the Kaimai Ranges between Waikato and the Bay of Plenty, and the Mount Tongariro/Lake Taup\u014d\n\n(born November 22, 1974, in Akita, Akita, Japan) is a former J-pop idol, singer-songwriter and actress. Throughout her career, she released three albums and nine singles. Biography Early life Junko Kawada graduated from Meguro Nihon University Junior High and High School and the Junior College of Kagawa Nutrition University. Idol career During her first year in junior high school, Kawada entered an audition hosted by CBS Sony, Fuji TV, and Shueisha. In her second year of junior high school, she left her parents' home and moved to a dormitory that was run by CBS Sony to focus on her singing and dancing lessons until she made her debut at the age of 13. Kawada finished runner-up on the 2nd Tohato All Raisin Princess Contest in 1987, losing to Hanako Asada. Two years later, she formed the idol unit with Shinobu Nakayama and Mamiko Tayama. In 1990, Rakutenshi became part of\n\nBilly Joe Daugherty (April 23, 1952 \u2013 November 22, 2009) was founder and pastor of Victory Christian Center (now Victory Church) in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He was also the founder of Victory Christian School, Victory Bible Institute and Victory World Missions Training Center (now Victory College). Nine hundred and eighty Victory Bible Institutes have been started in eighty-five countries around the world. He was also briefly the interim president of Oral Roberts University. He graduated from Magnolia High School in Magnolia, Arkansas in 1970. Victory Christian Center built the Tulsa Dream Center, which houses a food and clothing distribution, dental/medical clinic, legal counseling, recreation facilities and other programs to help needy people of Tulsa. Victory's bus ministry brings 1,000 - 1,200 children and teens from this area each Saturday for Kidz Ministry and S.O.U.L. Youth ministry. Daugherty's daily radio and television broadcast, Victory in Jesus, reaches more than 100 million households\n\nQuestion: What is Schizoglossa novoseelandica", "output": "Schizoglossa novoseelandica is a predatory species of air-breathing land slug or semi-slug, a terrestrial gastropod mollusc in the family Rhytididae."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Last Angel of History is a 45-minute documentary, directed in 1996 by John Akomfrah and written and researched by Edward George of the Black Audio Film Collective, that deals with concepts of Afrofuturism as a metaphor for the displacement of black culture and roots. The film is a hybrid documentary and fictional narrative. Documentary segments include traditional talking-head clips from musicians, writers, and social critics, as well as archival video footage and photographs. Described as \"A truly masterful film essay about Black aesthetics that traces the deployments of science fiction within pan-African culture\", it has also been called \"one of the most influential video-essays of the 1990s, influencing filmmakers and inspiring conferences, novels and exhibitions\". The fictional story follows the journey of the \"Data Thief,\" played by the film's writer and researcher Edward George, who must travel across time and space in search of a crossroads where he makes\n\nCrossarchus is a mongoose genus, commonly referred to as kusimanse, often cusimanse, mangue, or dwarf mongoose. They are placed in the subfamily Mungotinae, which are small, highly social mongooses. Range and habitat Members of this genus are found in the swamplands and forests of central and western Africa, in the countries of Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Species Diet They feed on insects, larvae, small reptiles, crabs and berries. They use their claws and snouts for digging in leaf litter, under rotted trees and stones for the insects and larvae. They will also wade into shallow streams looking for freshwater crabs. In most areas where members of Crossarchus live, they are the numerically dominant members of the forest carnivore community. Reproduction Females are polyestrous and if not mated will come into heat nine times in a year. Litters range from 2-3 per year. The young can open their\n\nAl-Azim Mosque () is the state mosque of Malacca. It is located next to the Malacca General Hospital, the Malacca Al-Quran Museum and the State Heroes Mausoleum () and was constructed to replace the former state mosque at Tranquerah Mosque and officially opened on 13 July 1990 by the ninth Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Azlan Shah of Perak. The state mosque follows typical Malaccan mosque architecture in the Malay style of the archipelago. The interior of the mosque also shows native influence and local Malacca Malay architecture. Aziz Tapa is one of the backpine who did the architecture on the mosque. The mosque has a lecture hall, auditorium, offices, a cafe and a museum. The mosque can accommodate 12,000 worshippers. Makam Pahlawan Negeri (State Heroes Mausoleum) Tun Syed Ahmad Al-Haj Syed Mahmud Shahabuddin \u2013 Malacca state Yang di-Pertua Negeri (Governor) (1984\u20132004) (died 2008) Datuk Seri Abu Zahar Ithnin \u2013 8th\n\nQuestion: What's Crossarchus?", "output": "Crossarchus is a mongoose genus, commonly referred to as kusimanse, often cusimanse, mangue, or dwarf mongoose."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Byrrhoidea is a superfamily of beetles belonging to Elateriformia that includes several families which are either aquatic or associated with a semi-aquatic habitat. Other than the superfamily Hydrophiloidea, most of the remaining Polyphagan beetles which are aquatic are in this superfamily. Description Adults of many Byrrhoidea have exocone eyes (with expanded corneal lens). The anterior edge of the scutellar shield is often abruptly elevated (except in Psephenidae and Cneoglossidae). A variety of byrrhoids have the first three abdominal ventrites solidly fused together. Larvae of most Limnichidae have one pair of anal hooks on the tenth abdominal segment, while Cneoglossidae and Ptilodactylidae have three or more hooks on each side of this segment. Larvae of Lutrochidae and Elmidae, as well as the limnichid genus Hyphalus, have anal gill tufts. Almost all byrrhoid larvae have anterior abdominal spiracles that are biforous (or bilabiate) in shape. The degree of wing development varies among\n\nNew Brunswick is an active commuter railroad train station in the city of New Brunswick, Middlesex County, New Jersey. The station services trains of New Jersey Transit's Northeast Corridor Line and Amtrak's Keystone Service and Northeast Regional. For New Jersey Transit trains, the next station to the southwest (towards Trenton Transit Center) is Jersey Avenue, while the next station to the northeast (towards New York Penn Station) is Edison. For Amtrak services, the next station southwest is Princeton Junction, the next station to the northeast is Metropark. The station consists of two handicap-accessible side platforms surrounding the four tracks. Railroad service in New Brunswick began on January 1, 1838 with the extension of the New Jersey Railroad from East Brunswick (modern-day Highland Park) over the Raritan River. Construction of the current station depot at the junction of Albany and French Streets (State Route 27) and Easton Avenue (County Route 527)\n\nPetrolacosaurus (\"rock lake lizard\") is an extinct genus of diapsid reptile from the late Carboniferous period. It was a small, long reptile, and one of the earliest known reptile with two temporal fenestrae (holes at the rear part of the skull). This means that it was at the base of Diapsida, the largest and most successful radiation of reptiles that would eventually include all modern reptile groups, as well as dinosaurs (which survive to the modern day as birds) and other famous extinct reptiles such as plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs, and pterosaurs. However, Petrolacosaurus itself was part of Araeoscelida, a short-lived early branch of the diapsid family tree which went extinct in the mid-Permian. Discovery The first Petrolacosaurus fossil was found in 1932 in Garnett, Kansas, by a field expedition from the University of Kansas Natural History Museum. The party consisted of Henry H. Lane, Claude Hibbard, David Dunkle, Wallace Lane, Louis\n\nQuestion: What's Petrolacosaurus?", "output": "Petrolacosaurus is an extinct genus of diapsid reptile from the late Carboniferous period."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Crash 'n' the Boys: Street Challenge, released in Japan as is a 1992 sports game for the NES by Technos Japan Corp. A Game Boy version of the game was also released in Japan only. The game featured Olympic style contests without rules or regulations, between five teams. The games included 400 metres hurdles, Hammer throw, Swimming, Roof Top Jumping, and Fighting Scene. It was re-released for the Wii Virtual Console on September 14, 2009 and later for the Nintendo 3DS on November 28, 2013 and for the Wii U on December 11, 2014. The game was included in the \"Double Dragon & Kunio-kun: Retro Brawler Bundle\" released for the Nintendo Switch on February 20, 2020. It was re-released for Nintendo Switch, Xbox One and PlayStation 4 in April the same year. Gameplay The game has four teams to choose from, as well as a fifth computer-controlled team. Each team\n\nBarry George Hadlee (born 14 December 1941) is a former cricketer from New Zealand. He was a right-handed opening batsman. In a first-class career lasting from 1961\u201362 to 1980\u201381, he represented Canterbury 84 times. Family Hadlee was born in Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand. He is the brother of fellow national cricketers Dayle Hadlee and Sir Richard Hadlee and the eldest son of Walter Hadlee. Domestic career His most consistent form came late in his career. His most productive season was 1975\u201376, when he scored 582 runs at 44.76. He hit his highest score, 163 not out, in his final season against Otago. International career In 1975, Hadlee was called into the New Zealand team and played two One Day Internationals, one of them at the 1975 Cricket World Cup. References External links 1941 births Living people New Zealand One Day International cricketers New Zealand cricketers Canterbury cricketers Cricketers at the\n\nLost Bayou Ramblers is a Cajun music band from Pilette, Louisiana. Career Lost Bayou Ramblers was born deep in South Louisiana performing old style, predominantly acoustic Cajun music at clubs and festivals across the US, Europe, and Canada. They were formed in 1999 by Louis Michot (fiddle and vocals) and his brother Andre Michot (cajun accordion and lap steel guitar) and grew to include producer Korey Richey (electric bass), Jonny Campos (electric guitar) and Eric Heigle (drums). With 15 years of touring, recording, and collaborating under their belt, the band has continually integrated new sonic elements to its live performances, always experimenting and growing the show to what it's become today, an eclectic mix of modern sounds and rhythms with ancient Cajun melodies and lyrics. The Lost Bayou Ramblers have toured through much of the United States and Canada, including performances at the (Celebrate Brooklyn) in Brooklyn, New York, the\n\nQuestion: What is Crash 'n' the Boys: Street Challenge?", "output": "Crash 'n' the Boys: Street Challenge, released in Japan as   is a 1992 sports game for the NES by Technos Japan Corp."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Camden is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales in Sydney's south-west. It is currently represented by Sally Quinnell of the party, who achieved a 13% swing in the 2023 election. It currently includes the suburbs of Austral, Badgerys Creek, Bickley Vale, Bringelly, Camden, Camden Park, Camden South, Catherine Field, Cawdor, Cobbitty, Currans Hill, Elderslie, Ellis Lane, Gledswood Hills, Grasmere, Greendale, Gregory Hills, Harrington Park, Kirkham, Leppington, Luddenham, Mount Annan, Narellan, Narellan Vale, Oran Park, Rossmore, Smeaton Grange, Spring Farm, Wallacia and West Hoxton. History Camden was originally created in 1859, replacing part of West Camden and named after the town of Camden or Camden County, which includes Camden, the Southern Highlands and the Illawarra. It elected two members from 1859 to 1889 and three members from 1889 to 1894, when multi-member electorates were abolished. It was abolished in 1920, with the\n\nTVRI (, Television of the Republic of Indonesia), legally ( Public Broadcasting Institution Television of the Republic of Indonesia) is an Indonesian national public television network. Established on 24 August 1962, it is the oldest television network in the country. Its national headquarters is in Gelora, Central Jakarta. TVRI monopolized television broadcasting in Indonesia until 24 August 1989, when the first commercial television station RCTI went on the air. Alongside RRI, TVRI was converted from a state-controlled broadcaster under government department into an independent public broadcaster on 18 March 2005, becoming the first public broadcaster in the country. TVRI currently broadcasts throughout the country with three national channels as well as 33 regional stations. As of 2020 it has 361 transmitters; making it the network with the largest terrestrial coverage than any other television network in the country. Its funding primarily comes from annual state budget approved by the parliament,\n\nLou Rhodes is an English singer and songwriter from Manchester, now living in Wiltshire. In addition to providing vocals and lyrics for the band Lamb, Rhodes has released four solo albums: Beloved One, Bloom and One Good Thing and theyesandeye. Rhodes has collaborated with 808 State, A Guy Called Gerald, Funkst\u00f6rung, Pale 3, Sugizo, Plump DJs, Sheila Chandra, Eliza Carthy, Art of Noise, and The Cinematic Orchestra on Ma Fleur and the soundtrack to The Crimson Wing: Mystery of the Flamingos. Career Originally from Manchester, Rhodes was born to a folk singer mother Annie Burton. She grew up around the English folk scene and worked as a photographer in the early 1990s. Rhodes met engineer Andy Barlow through a friend and recorded a demo tape together, forming the band Lamb. It resulted in a six album deal with Mercury Records in 1995. In 2004, Rhodes and Lamb collaborator Barlow split\n\nQuestion: What is Lou Rhodes?", "output": "Lou Rhodes is an English singer and songwriter from Manchester, now living in Wiltshire."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Sule Pagoda (; ) is a Burmese Buddhist stupa located in the heart of downtown Yangon, occupying the centre of the city and an important space in contemporary Burmese politics, ideology and geography. According to legend, it was built before the Shwedagon Pagoda during the time of the Buddha, making it more than 2,600 years old. Burmese legend states that the site for the Shwedagon Pagoda was asked to be revealed from an old nat who resided at the place where the Sule Pagoda now stands. The Sule Pagoda has been the focal point of both Yangon and Burmese politics. It has served as a rallying point in the 1988 uprisings, 2007 Saffron Revolution and 2021 Spring Revolution. The pagoda is listed on the Yangon City Heritage List. Stupa The Sule Pagoda incorporated the original Indian structure of the stupa, which initially was used to replicate the form and\n\nAlf\u00e2ndega da F\u00e9 () is a municipality in northeast Portugal. The population in 2011 was 5,104, in an area of 321.95 km2. History Early archaeological sites, such as Castro hill fort-settlements, can be found scattered throughout the municipality. The municipality has an origin that comes from mixed Moorish influences and Christian faith. Alfandagh, the Arabic term for this region, which means hospice, castle or frontier, or literally \"a place of calm hospitality populated by peaceful or hard-working peoples\". In a published work of Jo\u00e3o Manuel d\u2019Almeida Moraes Pessanha: \"Alf\u00e2ndega, public hospice, market likely, like the Kahn's Orient...It is a village of Arab foundation, in likely the 8th century; The Arabs maintained their nomadic lifestyle. Charmed by the conquest of Spain, they immediately molded the country according to their use and customs: a soil that many liked, a land that, many said was similar to Syria in its climate and purity\n\nSally Little (born 12 October 1951) is a South African-born professional golfer. She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1971 and won 15 LPGA Tour events, including two major championship, during her career. In 2016, she became the first female golfer from South Africa inducted into the South African Hall of Fame. Personal life Little was born in Cape Town. She became a United States citizen in August 1982. Amateur career She was the low individual at the 1970 World Amateur Team Championship and won the South African Match Play and Stroke Play titles that same year. As an amateur, she tied for fifth at the 1971 Lady Carling Open. Professional career Little joined the LPGA Tour in 1971 and was named LPGA Rookie of the Year. Her first professional win was at the 1976 Women's International. Little holed a shot from a greenside bunker on the 72nd\n\nQuestion: Who is Sally Little?", "output": "Sally Little is a South African-born professional golfer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Histone methylation is a process by which methyl groups are transferred to amino acids of histone proteins that make up nucleosomes, which the DNA double helix wraps around to form chromosomes. Methylation of histones can either increase or decrease transcription of genes, depending on which amino acids in the histones are methylated, and how many methyl groups are attached. Methylation events that weaken chemical attractions between histone tails and DNA increase transcription because they enable the DNA to uncoil from nucleosomes so that transcription factor proteins and RNA polymerase can access the DNA. This process is critical for the regulation of gene expression that allows different cells to express different genes. Function Histone methylation, as a mechanism for modifying chromatin structure is associated with stimulation of neural pathways known to be important for formation of long-term memories and learning. Histone methylation is crucial for almost all phases of animal embryonic\n\nThe Markham Waxers were an Ontario Junior Hockey League (OJHL) Junior \"A\" ice hockey team based in Markham, Ontario, Canada. The Waxers name is still used by the Markham Waxers minor hockey club with the Eastern AAA Hockey League, a sub league of the Ontario Minor Hockey Association. History Originally known as the Markham Jets, the Waxers organization changed names in 1961, named after The International Group, a privately owned wax and oil refinery that originated in Agincourt, ON. The team won the 1941 Ontario Junior \"C\" Championship and won the Ontario Junior \"B\" Sutherland Cup Championship in 1969 and 1972. At one point, the Waxers were the farm team of the National Hockey League's Toronto Maple Leafs and boasts over 100 NHL and World Hockey Association graduates. The Waxers were formerly a part of the Metro Junior A Hockey League before joining the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League.\n\nSiegfried \"Sigi\" Grabner (born 4 February 1975, in Waiern, Carinthia) is an Austrian professional snowboarder. At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy he won bronze in the Parallel Giant Slalom competition. Having won the Junior World Championship 1994 in Slovenia, he decided to go professional. He won the European Championship 1995 in Finland, and became part of the Burton Alpine Team. In 2003 he won the Parallel Giant Slalom World Championship in Kreischberg, Austria. In 2005 he ranked third in Whistler, British Columbia. In the summer of 2003 Siegfried Grabner wrote a book, \"Boarder zwischen den Welten\" (literally \"Boarder between the worlds\"). He also develops snowboards, his \"SG Snowboards\" became available in autumn 2005 in three variants. He won the medal at the Turin Olympics on one of his Torino raceboards. Grabner resides in La Massana, Andorra. World Cup victories External links Sigi Grabner \u2013 The Official Website FIS\n\nQuestion: Define Markham Waxers.", "output": "The Markham Waxers were an Ontario Junior Hockey League Junior \"A\" ice hockey team based in Markham, Ontario, Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wailua River State Park and the Wailua Complex of Heiaus, which it includes, are located on the eastern side of the Hawaiian island of Kauai. The park consists primarily of the Wailua River valley, which is the only navigable river in Hawaii. Visitors to this park can kayak, take riverboat cruises and explore the rainforest. Even motorboats and water skiing are permissible on the river. Wailua Complex of Heiaus The Wailua Complex, a National Historic Landmark, was once the center of chiefly power on the island. It contains the remains of several important structures: places of worship (heiau), places of refuge (puuhonua), and sites related to royal births. The most important sites are: Hikinaakal\u0101 (Rising of the Sun) Heiau, which includes the Hauola place of refuge (puuhonua) and the Kii P\u014dhaku ancient petroglyphs, at the mouth of the river adjacent to Lydgate State Park Malae, also known as Malaea or\n\nTzav, Tsav, Zav, Sav, or \u1e62aw (\u2014Hebrew for \"command,\" the sixth word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 25th weekly Torah portion (, parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the second in the Book of Leviticus. The parashah teaches how the priests performed the sacrifices and describes the ordination of Aaron and his sons. The parashah constitutes Leviticus 6:1\u20138:36. The parashah is made up of 5,096 Hebrew letters, 1,353 Hebrew words, 97 verses, and 170 lines in a Torah scroll (, Sefer Torah). Jews read it the 24th or 25th Sabbath after Simchat Torah, generally in the second half of March or the first half of April. Readings In traditional Sabbath Torah reading, the parashah is divided into seven readings, or , aliyot. First reading\u2014Leviticus 6:1\u201311 In the first reading, God told Moses to command Aaron and the priests about the rituals\n\nTantilla is a large genus of harmless New World snakes in the family Colubridae. The genus includes 66 species, which are commonly known as centipede snakes, black-headed snakes, and flathead snakes. Description Tantilla are small snakes, rarely exceeding 20 cm (8 inches) in total length (including tail). They are generally varying shades of brown, red or black in color. Some species have a brown body with a black head. Behavior Tantilla are nocturnal, secretive snakes. They spend most of their time buried in the moist leaf litter of semi-forested regions or under rocks and debris. Diet The diet of snakes of the genus Tantilla consists primarily of invertebrates, including scorpions, centipedes, spiders, and various insects. Species Tantilla albiceps Barbour, 1925 \u2013 Barbour's centipede snake \u2013 Panama Tantilla alticola (Boulenger, 1903) \u2013 Boulenger's centipede snake \u2013 Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia Tantilla andinista Wilson & Mena, 1980 \u2013 Andes centipede snake\n\nQuestion: What is Wailua River State Park?", "output": "Wailua River State Park and the Wailua Complex of Heiaus, which it includes, are located on the eastern side of the Hawaiian island of Kauai."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Isaac William Wiley (; Pinyin: Hu\u00e1il\u01d0; Foochow Romanized: Hu\u00e0i-l\u0101\u0324; 29 March 1825 \u2013 22 November 1884) was an American who distinguished himself as a physician, a Methodist missionary to China, a pastor, as the president of a seminary, as an editor, and as a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, elected in 1872. Birth and early years Isaac was born 29 March 1825 in Lewistown, Pennsylvania. He joined the Methodist Episcopal Church at ten years of age. Education Isaac had been preparing to enter the sophomore class at Dickinson College, but the affection of his throat being considered permanent, he commenced the study of medicine, instead. He was graduated in 1846 from the medical department of the University of New York. He pursued a course of classical study in the same institution. Medical missionary Dr. Isaac Wiley commenced the practice of medicine in Western Pennsylvania, subsequently moving to Pottsville in\n\nAtul Chandrakant Bedade (born 24 June 1966) is a former Indian cricketer. He played domestic cricket for Baroda and represented India in 13 One Day Internationals, making his debut versus UAE at Sharjah in 1994. He was credited to be a big hitter of the cricket ball and an attacking batsman. In the early 90s there was a call in Indian cricketing circles for a batsman who could hit hard and therefore Bedade got his chance. However the pressure to hit sixes on him was too much and although he did show his ability in the same series against Pakistan in Sharjah (India lost that match), his hitting was few and far between in the other chances given to him and therefore he was soon dropped and never given a chance again. Later career Bedade has continued to remain involved with cricket in different capacities. In 2006, he was the\n\nIn laser science, the beam parameter product (BPP) is the product of a laser beam's divergence angle (half-angle) and the radius of the beam at its narrowest point (the beam waist). The BPP quantifies the quality of a laser beam, and how well it can be focused to a small spot. A Gaussian beam has the lowest possible BPP, , where is the wavelength of the light. The ratio of the BPP of an actual beam to that of an ideal Gaussian beam at the same wavelength is denoted M2 (\"M squared\"). This parameter is a wavelength-independent measure of beam quality. The quality of a beam is important for many applications. In fiber-optic communications beams with an M2 close to 1 are required for coupling to single-mode optical fiber. Laser machine shops care a lot about the M2 parameter of their lasers because the beams will focus to an area\n\nQuestion: What's Beam parameter product?", "output": "In laser science, the beam parameter product is the product of a laser beam's divergence angle and the radius of the beam at its narrowest point."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sehwan (; ; also commonly referred to as Sehwan Sharif or Noble Sehwan) is a historic city located in Jamshoro District of Sindh province in Pakistan situated on the west bank of the Indus River north-west of Hyderabad. The city is renowned for being the home of one of Pakistan's most important Sufi shrines, the Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar. The city also holds the status of taluka under the Jamshoro District. It was previously a part of the Dadu District; however, with the establishment of the Jamshoro District, Sehwan became linked with it. Sehwan is among Pakistan's most significant spiritual centers, alongside other revered shrines like the Shrine of Abdullah Shah Ghazi in Karachi, the Data Durbar Complex in Lahore, Bari Imam in Noorpur Shehan near Islamabad, and the magnificent tombs of the Suhrawardi Sufis in Multan. History Sehwan is one of the most ancient places in Sindh. Some\n\nPa\u00efta () is a commune in the suburbs of Noum\u00e9a in the South Province of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. New Caledonia's international airport, La Tontouta International Airport, is located there. Geography Climate Pa\u00efta features a tropical savanna climate (K\u00f6ppen: Aw). The average annual temperature in Pa\u00efta is . The average annual rainfall is with March as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in February, at around , and lowest in July, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Pa\u00efta was on 4 March 1997; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 8 August 1957. Population Sights The Catholic church in the centre of Paita was built in 1875. The modern Cultural Centre in the High Street is used for various exhibitions and cultural performances. The Town Hall (Mairie) is close by. About one mile from the town centre\n\nRichard Donald Marles (born 13 July 1967) is an Australian politician and lawyer serving as the 19th and current deputy prime minister of Australia and minister for Defence since May 2022. He has been the deputy leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) since 2019, having served as the member of Parliament (MP) for the division of Corio since 2007. Marles grew up in Geelong, Victoria, and is a lawyer by profession. He was assistant secretary of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) from 2000 to 2007. He was elected to the House of Representatives at the 2007 federal election, after defeating incumbent Labor MP Gavan O'Connor for preselection in the seat of Corio. Marles was made a parliamentary secretary in 2009 and briefly served as Minister for Trade in 2013, having supported Kevin Rudd's return as prime minister. He was appointed to shadow cabinet after the ALP's defeat\n\nQuestion: What is Pa\u00efta", "output": "Pa\u00efta is a commune in the suburbs of Noum\u00e9a in the South Province of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "PO'ed is a video game developed by Any Channel for the 3DO and published by Any Channel in 1995. It follows a cook attempting to escape a hostile, alien world. A PlayStation port was released in May 1996 by Accolade. An MS-DOS version was cancelled. Plot A chef's spacecraft has crash-landed on an alien world and must escape. Gameplay PO'ed is a first-person shooter using primitive weapons such as a frying pan and a drill, as well as futuristic alien weapons. The player must advance through 26 levels filled with alien monsters. A jet pack can also be acquired to facilitate the player's exploration of levels. When the jet pack is selected, the jump button instead causes the player character to accelerate skyward, and releasing the button causes the player character to fall, accelerating downwards. The physics-based jet pack thus does not allow the player character to naturally hover, though\n\nBig Planet is a science fiction novel by American writer Jack Vance. It is the first novel (the other being Showboat World) sharing the same setting, an immense, but metal-poor and backward world called Big Planet. Big Planet was first published in Startling Stories (vol. 27 no. 2, September 1952), then cut and reissued in 1957 by Avalon Books. It was later issued as part of Ace double novel D-295, paired with Vance's Slaves of the Klau. It was further cut in 1958. The text was restored in 1978. Plot summary Big Planet had been colonized hundreds of years prior to the start of the novel by misfits, faddists, cultists and anti-government advocates from Earth. The environment is Earth-like, including the surface gravity; even though the planet is much larger than Earth (hence the name), it is much less dense, resulting from a scarcity of metal. As a result, a\n\nAFL Sydney is an Australian rules football League, based in metropolitan Sydney, Australia which has been run since 1903. The AFL Sydney competition comprises 118 teams from 22 clubs which play across seven senior men's divisions, five women's divisions, a Master's Division and two under 19 men's competitions in season 2023. The competition is technically Sydney's division of the New South Wales Australian Football League. History The Sydney AFL began as the NSW Australian Football Association in 1903. In 1980 it became known as the \"Sydney Football League\". It was renamed the \"Sydney AFL\" in 1998 before a new name change for season 2009, \"AFL Sydney\". 11 clubs contested the opening season in 1903 (including: East Sydney FC, Ashfield Electorate FC, North Shore FC, North Sydney FC, South Sydney FC, YMCA FC, Paddington FC, Redfern FC, West Sydney FC, Newtown FC, Sydney FC and Balmain FC), with East Sydney taking\n\nQuestion: What's PO'ed?", "output": "PO'ed is a video game developed by Any Channel for the 3DO and published by Any Channel in 1995."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "High Leven is a village of Ingleby Barwick in North Yorkshire, England. It is in the borough of Stockton-on-Tees, on top of the River Leven's dell. It has a public house called The Fox Covert (previously Half Moon Inn) and a co-operative food store, open every day 05:00 to 24:00, with an ATM and petrol station. Administration Administratively, this village is in the borough of Stockton-on-Tees, made a unitary authority in 1996, before which High Leven was in the county of Cleveland, a creation of the Local Government Act 1972 which abolished the Stokesley Rural District in the North Riding of Yorkshire. High Leven, which is part of the Ingleby Barwick South ward has three local councilors sitting on Stockton borough council all of whom are members of Ingleby Barwick Independent Society. Geography The village is located to the east of Yarm at the top of Leven Bank. See also\n\nJeffrey McFadden is a Canadian classical guitarist, and a recording artist for Naxos Records. He is known for his recordings of works by composers of the romantic era such as Fernando Sor and Napoleon Coste. His latest recording features the works of the Paraguayan guitarist-composer Agust\u00edn Barrios. He is also a noted editor and arranger, and wrote the standard text on guitar harmony Fretboard Harmony: Common Practice Harmony on the Guitar (d'OZ, 2010). His performances and recording have received critical notice in major media outlets such as the London Daily Telegraph, The Ottawa Citizen, and Gramophone UK. McFadden was born in 1963 in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. He attended the University of Western Ontario, finishing first in his class in 1984. Later he attended the University of Toronto where he was an Eaton Graduate Fellow and studied under Norbert Kraft. He was a silver medalist in the 1992 Guitar Foundation of\n\nGT Legends is a sports car racing simulator for the PC developed by SimBin Studios (later Sector3 Studios) and published by 10tacle Publishing. It is based on the 2005 FIA Historic Racing Championships for GTC and TC cars of the 1960s and 1970s. This is a modern-day championship for historic cars, and so the circuit designs in GT Legends are those of the modern era, contrasting with games such as Grand Prix Legends which are actually set in historic times. GT Legends has the same graphics engine as rFactor (developed by Image Space Incorporated), a similar physics engine but different multiplayer code. Reception GT Legends received \"generally favorable\" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic. Eurogamer praised the game's graphics, setting, handling, car selection, options, and difficulty. GameSpot praised the car models, physics modeling, sophisticated audio, options, and vintage cars, while criticizing some technical issues, lack of rain races, the requirement\n\nQuestion: Define Jeffrey McFadden.", "output": "Jeffrey McFadden is a Canadian classical guitarist, and a recording artist for Naxos Records."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "One to Grow On is an educational public service announcement that broadcast during NBC's Saturday morning line-up from 1983 to 1989, when the network ran cartoons. The name is taken from the custom of putting an extra candle on a birthday cake as \"one to grow on\". One to Grow On focused on ethical and personal safety dilemmas and attempted to teach viewers how to solve them. The public service announcement appeared immediately after the end credits of NBC cartoons, such as ABC did with Schoolhouse Rock! and CBS with In the News. The public service announcements began with an animated sequence that leads into an animated TV on which an actor appears. After the actors introduced themselves (which, until 1986, was followed by a 30-second commercial), live-action sequences followed, in which a child faced an ethical dilemma. One to Grow On then cut back to the actor, who explained\n\nAmruta Patki (16 August 1985) is an Indian super model and former beauty queen. She won Femina Miss India 2006, subsequently winning the Femina Miss India Earth title and representing India at the Miss Earth 2006 pageant. There she finished as a 1st runners up, attaining the title of Miss Earth Air 2006. Currently, Patki works as a model, actor, anchor and grooming expert. She made her acting d\u00e9but in the 2010 Bollywood film Hide & Seek. Her Marathi d\u00e9but film as a female lead Satya Savitri Satyavan released in July 2012. She was also nominated during the Radio Mirchi Music Awards 2012 as a d\u00e9but singer for Madalasa, the promotional song of her Marathi film. Patki is an adventure enthusiast and an amateur pilot. Amruta married a stock broker Jyotindra Kanekar from Pune in January 2017 and now lives in Singapore. She completed her graduate program in counselling psychology\n\nAsexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes. The offspring that arise by asexual reproduction from either unicellular or multicellular organisms inherit the full set of genes of their single parent and thus the newly created individual is genetically and physically similar to the parent or an exact clone of the parent. Asexual reproduction is the primary form of reproduction for single-celled organisms such as archaea and bacteria. Many eukaryotic organisms including plants, animals, and fungi can also reproduce asexually. In vertebrates, the most common form of asexual reproduction is parthenogenesis, which is typically used as an alternative to sexual reproduction in times when reproductive opportunities are limited. Komodo dragons and some monitor lizards can reproduce asexually. While all prokaryotes reproduce without the formation and fusion of gametes, mechanisms for lateral gene transfer such as conjugation,\n\nQuestion: What is One to Grow On", "output": "One to Grow On is an educational public service announcement that broadcast during NBC's Saturday morning line-up from 1983 to 1989, when the network ran cartoons."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Shane John Acton (17 September 1946 \u2013 25 February 2002) was an English sailor, known for circumnavigating the globe in an boat, the smallest ever, at that time, to survive the voyage. He first set sail from Britain in 1972 at the age of 25. Acton was born and raised in Coleridge, Cambridge, England. Without any sailing experience, he departed in a used 18' 4\" bilge-keel sailing boat for which he paid the modest sum of \u00a3400. The boat was a Caprice, a Robert Tucker design originally named Super Shrimp but referred to by Shane simply as Shrimpy. Later Shane was accompanied for much of the voyage by his girlfriend, Iris Derungs, a photographer from Switzerland. He sailed westabout through the Panama Canal, circling the globe and returning to England as a local celebrity eight years later. The voyage is chronicled in his book Shrimpy: A Record Round-the-World Voyage in\n\nSaladin the Victorious, also known as Saladin and the Great Crusades (, ), is a 1963 Egyptian epic film directed by Youssef Chahine. It is written by Yusuf Sibai and others, based on the novel by Naguib Mahfouz. The film features an ensemble cast, It stars Ahmed Mazhar as Saladin, Salah Zulfikar as Issa El Awwam, Nadia Lutfi as Louisa de Lusignan, Omar El-Hariri, Mahmoud El-Meliguy, Leila Fawzi, Hamdi Gheiss, Ahmed Luxor, Hussein Riad, Laila Taher and Zaki Toleimat. It was entered into the 3rd Moscow International Film Festival. The film was restored to its original running time of 186 minutes from the original negative by the Cineteca di Bologna and was shown at Il Cinema Ritrovato in June 2019. Saladin the Victorious is one of the Top 100 Egyptian films. Background The movie depicts the events of the Third Crusade. What happened during those events is that after Saladin\n\nWestfalenhallen (English: Halls of Westphalia) is a commercial complex composed of conference (Kongresszentrum Dortmund) and exhibition centers (Messe Dortmund) with an indoor arena (Westfalenhalle), located in Dortmund, Germany. It is surrounded by the Eissportzentrum Westfalenhallen, Stadion Rote Erde, Westfalenstadion and Helmut-K\u00f6rnig-Halle. The original building was opened in 1925, but was destroyed during World War II. Reopening on 2 February 1952, new halls were built, the \"Gro\u00dfe Westfalenhalle\". The \"Kleine Westfalenhalle\" served also for balls, exhibitions and concerts, such as the Dortmunder Philharmoniker, until the Opernhaus Dortmund was opened in 1966. The Bundesliga was founded at the Westfalenhallen in 1962. Events The venue played host to the 1964, 1980 and 2004 World Figure Skating Championships, as well as the 1955, 1983 and 1993 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championships tournaments. Bob Marley and The Wailers performed on 13 June 1980 as part of their Uprising Tour, in support of their new release\n\nQuestion: Who was Shane Acton?", "output": "Shane John Acton was an English sailor, known for circumnavigating the globe in an  boat, the smallest ever, at that time, to survive the voyage."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "David Lyle Boren (born April 21, 1941) is a retired American lawyer and politician from Oklahoma. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as 21st governor of Oklahoma from 1975 to 1979 and three terms in the United States Senate from 1979 to 1994. A conservative Democrat, to date, he is the last in his party to have served as U.S. Senator from Oklahoma. He was the 13th and second-longest serving president of the University of Oklahoma from 1994 to 2018. He was the longest serving chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. On September 20, 2017, Boren officially announced his retirement as president of the University of Oklahoma, effective June 30, 2018. Early life and career Boren was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Christine (n\u00e9e McKown) and Lyle Hagler Boren. He graduated in 1963 from Yale University, where he majored in American history, graduated in\n\nThe Landlers or Transylvanian Landlers () are an ethnic German sub-group which has been living on the territory of today's Romania, more specifically in southern Transylvania (mostly corresponding to present-day Sibiu County) since the 18th century onwards. Their ancestors were Protestants (more specifically Evangelical Lutherans), who were expelled and settled from Salzkammergut area, Austria to Transylvania near Hermannstadt (present-day Sibiu) from 1734 to 1756 under Emperor Charles VI and Empress Maria Theresa in the process of the Josephine colonization (). This was done so given the fact that the Austrian Empire needed to be Roman Catholic by excellence and the Landlers refused to convert to Roman Catholicism. They speak the Transylvanian Landler dialect () which is a southern German dialect. During the 18th century, 4,000 Austrian Protestants were expelled to Transylvania. They are part of the Romanian Germans. Background The areas from which the ancestors of the modern Transylvanian Landlers\n\nJoseph Kemp Toole (May 12, 1851 \u2013 March 11, 1929) was a Democratic politician from Montana. He served as the first and fourth Governor of Montana. Biography Toole was born in Savannah, Missouri and attended public school in St. Joseph, Missouri. In 1868, he graduated from the Western Military Institute in New Castle, Kentucky with honors. He moved to Helena, Montana in 1870; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1871 and commenced practice in Helena. Toole was district attorney of the third judicial district of Montana (1872\u20131876), and a member of the Montana Territorial House of Representatives (1879-1881), and member and president of the Montana Territorial Council (1881\u20131883). He married Lily Rosecrans, daughter of General William Rosecrans, in 1890 and they had three children. Career Toole was a delegate to the State Constitutional Convention at Helena in 1884 and 1889, and elected as a Democrat to the\n\nQuestion: Who is David Boren", "output": "David Lyle Boren is a retired American lawyer and politician from Oklahoma."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In law, common law (also known as judicial precedent, judge-made law, or case law) is the body of law created by judges and similar quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being stated in written opinions. The defining characteristic of common law is that it arises as precedent. Common law courts look to the past decisions of courts to synthesize the legal principles of past cases. Stare decisis, the principle that cases should be decided according to consistent principled rules so that similar facts will yield similar results, lies at the heart of all common law systems. If a court finds that a similar dispute to the present one has been resolved in the past, the court is generally bound to follow the reasoning used in the prior decision. If, however, the court finds that the current dispute is fundamentally distinct from all previous cases (a \"matter of first impression\"), and legislative\n\nIthaca (; , ) was, in Greek mythology, the island home of the hero Odysseus. The specific location of the island, as it was described in Homer's Odyssey, is a matter for debate. There have been various theories about its location. Modern Ithaca has traditionally been accepted to be Homer's island. One recent alternative candidate is Paliki, which may have been an island separated from the rest of Kefalonia, as argued by Bittlestone, Diggle and Underhill in Odysseus Unbound. This theory, however, has not been generally accepted on grounds of geology, archaeology, philology, or historical and Homeric analysis. \u201cWhat is clearly missing,\u201d wrote Dr Christine Haywood reviewing Odysseus Unbound, \u201cis a good knowledge of the complexities of Homeric language, and the support of archaeology.\u201d The central characters of the epic such as Odysseus, Achilles, Agamemnon and Hector are sometimes believed to be fictional characters. Yet there are many claims that\n\nJozef Adamec (26 February 1942 \u2013 24 December 2018) was a Slovak football forward and manager. Adamec won seven Czechoslovak First League titles in his club career, winning two with Dukla Prague during his military service, followed by five more while playing for Spartak Trnava. Other clubs he played for were Slovan Bratislava and lower-division Austrian club Slovan Wien, where he took on a player-manager role. As a football manager, Adamec took charge of clubs in Czechoslovakia and later Slovakia. Between 1999 and 2001 he led the Slovakia national football team. Career In the Czechoslovak First League he played 383 matches and with 170 goals is 10th in the Czechoslovak All-Time Topscorers Table. He was capped 44 times for Czechoslovakia, scoring 14 goals. He was a participant at the 1962 FIFA World Cup and 1970 FIFA World Cup. His most memorable performance was his hat-trick against Brazil in match Czechoslovakia\n\nQuestion: What is Homer's Ithaca", "output": "Ithaca was, in Greek mythology, the island home of the hero Odysseus."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "In Medieval France a par\u00e9age or pariage was a feudal treaty recognising joint sovereignty over a territory by two rulers, who were on an equal footing, pari passu; compare peer. On a familial scale, par\u00e9age could also refer to the equal division of lands and the titles they brought between sons of an inheritance. Such a power-sharing contract could be signed between two secular rulers or, most usually, by a secular and an ecclesiastic ruler, as in the case of the most famous, the Act of par\u00e9age of 1278 that founded a legal basis for the Principality of Andorra, signed by the Count of Foix and Viscount of Castellbo and the Bishop of Urgell. The Count and the Bishop were to receive taxes in alternate years, to appoint local representatives to administer justice jointly, and should forbear to make war within Andorra, where each might levy soldiers, nevertheless. The wording\n\nBOOPSI (Basic Object Oriented Programming System for Intuition) is an object-oriented programming system for AmigaOS. It extends the AmigaOS windowing environment (Intuition) with an object-oriented subsystem allowing a hierarchy of object classes in which every class defines a single GUI widget or interface event. BOOPSI made it easier for developers to create their own system of widgets and create standardized graphical user interfaces. Magic User Interface and ReAction are examples of complete widget toolkits built on BOOPSI. Both toolkits have become popular with Amiga software programmers to generate and maintain graphical user interfaces. The object-oriented design brings advantages such as straightforward coupling of objects with other objects. For example, a programmer may link a numerical input field and a sliding control, where if the user adjusts the sliding control the numerical value in the input field changes automatically. BOOPSI was officially introduced with AmigaOS 2.0 and was further extended in\n\nCzechoslovakia (; Czech and , \u010cesko-Slovensko) was a landlocked state in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland became part of Nazi Germany, while the country lost further territories to Hungary and Poland (Carpathian Ruthenia to Hungary and Zaolzie to Poland). Between 1939 and 1945, the state ceased to exist, as Slovakia proclaimed its independence and the remaining territories in the east became part of Hungary, while in the remainder of the Czech Lands, the German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was proclaimed. In 1939, after the outbreak of World War II, former Czechoslovak President Edvard Bene\u0161 formed a government-in-exile and sought recognition from the Allies. After World War II, Czechoslovakia was reestablished under its pre-1938 borders, with the exception of Carpathian Ruthenia, which became part of the Ukrainian SSR (a republic of the Soviet Union). The\n\nQuestion: What is Czechoslovakia?", "output": "Czechoslovakia was a landlocked state in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rehoboth Bay is a body of water in Sussex County, Delaware. It is connected to the Broadkill River by the Lewes and Rehoboth Canal. It is part of Delaware's inland bay system, along with Little Assawoman Bay and Indian River Bay. Of Delaware's Inland Bays, both Rehoboth Bay and Little Assawoman Bay are barbuilt estuaries, while Indian River Bay is a drowned river valley. Rehoboth Bay is the northernmost of Delaware's inland bays. Its depth is generally shallow, less than 6 to 7 feet below Mean Lower Low Water. The surface area of the bay is approximately 13 square miles. Rehoboth Bay receives fresh water discharges from a number of small creeks along the bay, including White Oak Creek, Love Creek, Herring Creek, and Guinea Creek. Rehoboth Bay is linked to Indian River Bay to the south, providing tidal exchange with the Atlantic Ocean through Indian River Inlet, which is\n\nHartsel is a census-designated place (CDP) in and governed by Park County, Colorado United States. The population was 38 at the 2020 census. The Hartsel post office has the ZIP Code 80449. The CDP is a part of the Denver\u2013Aurora\u2013Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. History Founded in 1880, Hartsel is close to the geographic center of the state, and is often referred to as \"The Heart of Colorado\". The namesake of the community is Samuel Hartsel, a local farmer and cattle rancher who came to Park County in 1860 and left in 1908. He developed the Hartsel hot springs and built a sawmill, blacksmith shop, and a trading post to lay the groundwork for the town. Geography The Hartsel CDP has an area of , including of water. Demographics The United States Census Bureau defined the for the Climate According to the K\u00f6ppen climate classification system, Hartsel has a Cold\n\nMonk's Blues is an album by Thelonious Monk accompanied by a big band arranged and conducted by Oliver Nelson. Originally released by Columbia Records in 1968, it was re-released on CD in 1994. Produced by Teo Macero, the album was recorded in Los Angeles by Monk's working quartet augmented by a group of Hollywood studio musicians. Track listing Side One \"Let's Cool One\" - 3:47 \"Reflections\" - 4:35 \"Rootie Tootie\" - 7:35 \"Just a Glance at Love\" (Teo Macero) - 2:52 \"Brilliant Corners\" - 3:52 Side Two \"Consecutive Seconds\" (Macero) - 2:41 \"Monk's Point\" - 8:03 \"Trinkle, Tinkle\" - 4:59 \"Straight, No Chaser\" - 7:20 CD Bonus Tracks \"Blue Monk\" - 6:14 \"'Round Midnight\" - 4:13 All compositions by Thelonious Monk, except where noted. Arranged by Oliver Nelson. Personnel The Quartet Thelonious Sphere Monk - piano Charlie Rouse - tenor saxophone Larry Gales - bass Ben Riley - drums Additional\n\nQuestion: What is Hartsel, Colorado", "output": "Hartsel is a census-designated place in and governed by Park County, Colorado United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Hans Olof Ragnemalm (30 March 1940 \u2013 7 August 2016) was a Swedish lawyer, judge, and professor emeritus of public law. Ragnemalm became professor of public law at Lund University, and later professor of public law and dean of the law faculty at the University of Stockholm. He served as Parliamentary Ombudsman between 1987 and 1992, and from 1992 to 1995 as judge at the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden. In 1995 Ragnemalm became Sweden's first judge at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. In 2000 he returned to Sweden to serve as president of the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden until his retirement in 2005. See also List of members of the European Court of Justice References 1940 births 2016 deaths Justices of the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden European Court of Justice judges Academic staff of Lund University Academic staff of Stockholm University 20th-century Swedish judges Swedish\n\nThe Navajo song ceremonial complex is a spiritual practice used by certain Navajo ceremonial people to restore and maintain balance and harmony in the lives of the people. One half of the ceremonial complex is the Blessing Way, while the other half is the Enemy Way (). The Blessing Way The rites and prayers in the Blessing Way are concerned with healing, creation, harmony and peace. The song cycles recount the elaborate Navajo creation story (). One of the most important Blessing Way rites is the Kinaald\u00e1 ceremony, in which a young girl makes the transition to womanhood upon her menarche. During the course of the ceremony, the girl enacts the part of Changing Woman (), the powerful spirit woman responsible for fertility entering the world. The Kinaald\u00e1 ceremony includes the girl demonstrating endurance by ritualised running, each dawn over a period of several days, as well as a hair-combing\n\nPietro Alfieri (29 June 1801 \u2013 12 June 1863) was a Roman Catholic priest and at one time a Camaldolese monk, who was born and died in Rome. For many years, Alfieri was the professor of singing at the English College in Rome. He is remembered chiefly for his scientific writings and his collections of music of the old masters. Perhaps his most valuable work is his \"Raccolta di Musica Sacra\" in seven large volumes, a reprint of the sixteenth-century church music, mostly by Palestrina, which was supplemented by later and smaller collections, such as \"Excerpta ex celebrioribus de music\u00e2 viris\" (Rome, 1840), and \"Raccolta di Motetti\" (Rome, 1841). On plain chant he published \"Accompagnamento coll' organo\" (Rome, 1840); \"Ristabilmento del canto e della musica ecclesiastica\" (Rome, 1843); \"Saggio storico del canto Gregoriano\" (Rome 1845); \"Prodromo sulla restaurazione de' libri di canto Gregoriano\" (Rome, 1857). He also translated into Italian\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Navajo song ceremonial complex is.", "output": "The Navajo song ceremonial complex is a spiritual practice used by certain Navajo ceremonial people to restore and maintain balance and harmony in the lives of the people."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A rump party is a political party that is formed by the remaining body of supporters and leaders who do not support a breakaway group who merge with or form another new party. The rump party can have the name of the original party, or a new name. Examples: The pro-protectionism Conservative Party in the UK after the breakaway of the free trade Peelite faction in 1846 over the repeal of the corn laws. Conservative Party of British Columbia United Labour Party in New Zealand which had a remnant made up of moderates who did not join the new, more radical, Social Democratic Party. Liberal Party (UK, 1989) Centre Party (Germany) National Party (South Africa) under leadership of DF Malan after formation of the United Party. New National Party (South Africa), the new name of what remained of National Party under the leadership of FW de Klerk and Marthinus van\n\nThe Independent Greens of Virginia (also known as the Indy Greens) was the state affiliate of the Independence Party of America in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It became a state party around 2003 when a faction of the Arlington local chapter of the Green Party of Virginia (GPVA) split from the main party. As of 2011, it bills itself as a \"fiscally conservative, socially responsible green party\", with an emphasis on rail transportation and \"more candidates\". In support of wider ballot participation, it endorses many independent candidates who are not affiliated with the party. The party, separate from the national Green Party of the United States, affiliated itself with the Independence Party of America on January 10, 2008. Without \"major party\" status for automatic ballot access in Virginia, the party has had to gather petition signatures to get on the ballot. The requirement for statewide elections is 10,000 signatures, including\n\nThe inferior rectal artery (inferior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that supplies blood to the lower third of the anal canal below the pectinate line. Structure The inferior rectal artery arises from the internal pudendal artery as it passes above the ischial tuberosity. Piercing the wall of the pudendal canal, it divides into two or three branches which cross the ischioanal fossa, and are distributed to the muscles and integument of the anal region, and send offshoots around the lower edge of the gluteus maximus to the skin of the buttock. They anastomose with the corresponding vessels of the opposite side, with the superior and middle rectal arteries, and with the perineal artery. Function The inferior rectal artery supplies oxygenated blood to the anal sphincter and the lower third of the anal canal below the pectinate line. Additional images See also Superior rectal artery Middle rectal artery Inferior rectal nerve\n\nQuestion: What is Inferior rectal artery", "output": "The inferior rectal artery is an artery that supplies blood to the lower third of the anal canal below the pectinate line."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "describes a type of printed Japanese book that was produced primarily in Kyoto between 1600 and 1680. The term literally means \u201cbooks written in kana\u201d (kana being the phonetic Japanese syllabary that is simpler to read and write than kanji, or Chinese ideographs). The designation thus derives from the fact that the text of these books was written either entirely in kana or in a mixture of kana and kanji. Kanaz\u014dshi are considered to be a transitional genre, bridging the gap between medieval romances and the first high point of Edo period (1600-1868) literature, the ukiyoz\u014dshi composed by Ihara Saikaku (1642\u201393). The genre comprises an unlikely assortment of essays, stories, travel guides for famous places, military chronicles, religious writings, and critical pieces. Despite the lack of uniformity in content, kanaz\u014dshi are classified as a distinct genre primarily based on the fact that they were the first literary works to be\n\nGary Tibbs (born Gary Brian Tibbs, 25 January 1958) is a bass guitarist and actor. He is best known as a member of Adam and the Ants and for his work with Roxy Music. He appeared alongside Hazel O'Connor in the film Breaking Glass (1980) as bass guitarist Dave. Tibbs was born in Northwood, London. He was a member of Adam and the Ants, and is mentioned by name in the lyrics of the band's UK top ten hit \"Ant Rap\". At various times he was a member of Zu Zu Sharks, Code Blue, The Believers, The Vibrators and The Fixx. He first played on The Fixx's 2003 album, Want That Life. Tibbs also worked with Roxy Music extensively from 1978 to 1981, toured with Little Steven & The Disciples of Soul in 1984 and played on selected tracks on Brian May's 1993 solo album Back to the Light. He\n\nVictor Sokolov () (February 21, 1947 \u2013 March 12, 2006) was a Russian-American former dissident Soviet journalist and an Eastern Orthodox priest. He wrote articles critical of the Soviet government that were clandestinely distributed throughout the Soviet Union and abroad. After moving to the United States in 1975, he was stripped of his Soviet citizenship by an ukase of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on September 7, 1976, for \"activities discrediting the rank of a Soviet citizen\", becoming only the fifth person around that time to be so penalized, among them Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1984. Biography Early life and dissident activity Born in Tver (at the time named Kalinin), Sokolov served his obligatory stint in the Soviet Army before graduating from the Moscow Literary Institute and working as prose writer and editor for a monthly literary magazine. He became involved as a dissident\n\nQuestion: What's Kanaz\u014dshi?", "output": "describes a type of printed Japanese book that was produced primarily in Kyoto between 1600 and 1680."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dexter Keith Manley (born February 2, 1959) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL), primarily with the Washington Redskins. He also played for the Phoenix Cardinals and Tampa Bay Buccaneers, as well as in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for the Ottawa Rough Riders. Manley played college football for the Oklahoma State Cowboys and was selected by the Redskins in the fifth round of the 1981 NFL Draft. Professional career National Football League Manley was drafted in the fifth round (119th overall) of the 1981 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins, where he played for nine seasons. During his career with the Redskins, Manley won two Super Bowl titles and was a Pro Bowler in 1986 when he recorded a Redskins single-season record of 18.5 sacks. In 1989, Manley failed his third drug test, with an opportunity to apply\n\nATOK (; ) is a Japanese input method editor (IME) produced by JustSystems, a Japanese software company. ATOK is an IME with roots from KTIS (Kana-Kanji Transfer Input System) come with JS-WORD, the Japanese word processor software for PC-100 in 1983, but it now supports a variety of platforms including macOS, Windows, Android, and iOS. Once ATOK meant Automatic Transfer Of Kana-kanji. Now, it means Advanced Technology Of Kana-kanji Transfer. It is occasionally taken to stand for Awa-TOKushima, site of the headquarters of JustSystems, or Alphabet TO Kanji. Functions Functions vary between versions for different platforms, and the following list is not exhaustive. Search kanji from phonetic input \u2013 both using romaji keyboard and kana keyboard. Search kanji by radical. Drawing pad for handwriting recognition. Reverse retrieval of phonetic input \u2013 both to kunyomi and onyomi. Text templates for standard phrases, address labels and Japanese emoticons. Real time auto-completion of\n\nis a Japanese politician and former speed skater. He won an Olympic bronze medal in 1994, and also competed in the 1998 and 2002 Olympics. He ended his speed skating career in 2002. Horii represents Noboribetsu in the Hokkaido prefectural assembly for the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (LDP) since 2007. In the 2012 general election of the House of Representatives, he stands as LDP candidate in Hokkaido 9th district seeking to succeed retiring Democrat Yukio Hatoyama. He was nominated in July 2012 when Hatoyama was still expected to run for re-election. World records Source: SpeedSkatingStats.com References Manabu Horii at SpeedSkatingStats.com Official site, Profile External links 1972 births Living people Japanese male speed skaters Olympic speed skaters for Japan Olympic bronze medalists for Japan Olympic medalists in speed skating Speed skaters at the 1994 Winter Olympics Speed skaters at the 1998 Winter Olympics Speed skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics\n\nQuestion: What's ATOK?", "output": "ATOK is a Japanese input method editor produced by JustSystems, a Japanese software company."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Cajvana () is a town in Suceava County, northeastern Romania. It is situated in the historical region of Bukovina. Cajvana is the twelfth-largest urban settlement in the county, with a population of 9,139 inhabitants, according to the 2021 census. It was declared a town in 2004, along with seven other localities in Suceava County. One village, Codru, is administered by the town. Cajvana is located at a distance of away from Suceava, the county capital. The town is known for its legendary oak tree, which dates from the time of Moldavian ruler Stephen the Great (1457\u20131504). Despite being a town, Cajvana has a rural aspect and the main occupation of the inhabitants is agriculture. The locality was severely affected by the European floods in 2005. Natives Maria B\u0103sescu (born 1951), First Lady of Romania from 2004 to 2014 Aurel \u021aurcan (1876\u20131939), politician, engineer, and businessman Notes External links Cajvana Town\n\nThe Aphrodite Inheritance is a BBC television series broadcast in 1979. The eight-part serial, written by Michael J. Bird, followed his previous successful Mediterranean-set series The Lotus Eaters and Who Pays the Ferryman?. Whereas the two previous productions had been set and filmed in Crete, the action (and location filming) in The Aphrodite Inheritance took place in Cyprus. The series starred Peter McEnery as a man visiting Cyprus to investigate the death of his brother and subsequently being drawn into a strange conspiracy, with the narrative twists of the serial employing various supernatural and mythological motifs. Other major cast members included Alexandra Bastedo, Brian Blessed, Paul Maxwell and Stefan Gryff. Credits Main cast Peter McEnery as David Collier Alexandra Bastedo as Helene Stefan Gryff as Charalambos Paul Maxwell as Eugene Hellman Brian Blessed as Basileos Godfrey James as Inspector Dimas Tony Doyle as Martin Preece William Wilde as Eric Morrison\n\nCommon descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. According to modern evolutionary biology, all living beings could be descendants of a unique ancestor commonly referred to as the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of all life on Earth. Common descent is an effect of speciation, in which multiple species derive from a single ancestral population. The more recent the ancestral population two species have in common, the more closely are they related. The most recent common ancestor of all currently living organisms is the last universal ancestor, which lived about 3.9 billion years ago. The two earliest pieces of evidence for life on Earth are graphite found to be biogenic in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in western Greenland and microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. All currently living\n\nQuestion: What is Cajvana?", "output": "Cajvana is a town in Suceava County, northeastern Romania."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Been Caught Buttering is the second album of the Austrian death metal band Pungent Stench. It was originally released in 1991 on Nuclear Blast. The original album art, which depicted two severed, partially decomposed heads kissing (in fact, it is one head which had been sawed in half by Joel-Peter Witkin), had to be changed for the Australian release. The cover art can also be seen as a parody of a famous picture with Leonid Brezhnev and Erich Honecker kissing at the celebrations of the 30th birthday of the former German Democratic Republic in 1979. Track listing \"Shrunken and Mummified Bitch\" \u2013 3:50 \"Happy Re-birth Day\" \u2013 3:28 \"Games of Humiliation\" \u2013 5:12 \"S.M.A.S.H.\" \u2013 2:36 \"Brainpan Blues\" \u2013 4:07 \"And Only Hunger Remains\" \u2013 5:58 \"Sputter Supper\" \u2013 3:25 \"Sick Bizarre Defaced Creation\" \u2013 4:15 \"Splatterday Night Fever\" \u2013 4:38 Bonus tracks Daddy Cruel - 3:33 The Ballad of\n\nVictor Mordechai Goldschmidt (10 February 1853 in Mainz \u2013 8 May 1933 in Salzburg) was a German mineralogist, natural philosopher, and art collector. Life Born 1853 in Mainz, Goldschmidt attended the Bergakademie Freiberg in Saxony and graduated in engineering in 1874. He received his doctorate in 1880 in Heidelberg for his work on mechanical rock analysis and continued his studies in Vienna from 1882 to 1887. In 1888 he wrote his habilitation about \"Projektion und graphische Krystallberechnung\" (Projection and graphical Crystal Classification) under the same supervisor as his doctoral dissertation. He founded the Institut f\u00fcr Mineralogie und Kristallographie in Heidelberg in association with the Josefine and Eduard von Portheim Stiftung, which he founded in memory of his maternal ancestors. In 1893, he became an adjunct professor (Honorarprofessor) at the University of Heidelberg and in 1913, he was awarded membership in the Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften (Heidelberg Academy of Sciences). During\n\nAndrew Jonathan Morrell (born 28 September 1974) is an English former professional footballer. A striker, Morrell played 359 games in the Football League for Wrexham, Coventry City, Blackpool and Bury, scoring 96 goals. Initially handed the manager's role on an interim basis at Wrexham, after Dean Saunders left to manage Doncaster Rovers, Morrell was given the job until the end of the season after a run of seven wins in nine games, he continued his playing career serving as a player-manager, leaving the position in February 2014 after two and a half years as manager with a win record at over 52%. Morrell has also served as assistant manager at Shrewsbury Town. Career Newcastle Blue Star Born in Doncaster, South Yorkshire and brought up in Market Bosworth, and attending Twycross House School, he played for the Leicestershire County Cricket Club from under-15 to under-19 level. He started his football career\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Victor Mordechai Goldschmidt is.", "output": "Victor Mordechai Goldschmidt was a German mineralogist, natural philosopher, and art collector."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Opat\u00f3w (; ) is a town in southeastern Poland, within Opat\u00f3w County in the \u015awi\u0119tokrzyskie Voivodeship (Holy Cross Province). Historically, it was part of a greater region called Lesser Poland. In 2012 the population was 6,658. Opat\u00f3w is located among the hills of Lesser Polish Upland, with the Opat\u00f3wka river dividing the town into two parts. Tourist attractions include a 12th-century Collegiate Church of St. Martin, 15th-century baroque Bernardine monastery, 16th-century city gate and town hall as well as several other notable buildings. The town marks the intersection of two main roads - European route E371, and national road nr 74 (Piotrk\u00f3w Trybunalski \u2013 Hrubiesz\u00f3w). Opat\u00f3w, however, has no rail connection. Nearest station is at Ostrowiec \u015awi\u0119tokrzyski, away. History In the Middle Ages, Opat\u00f3w was a settlement on the Opat\u00f3wka River, in an area of forests and lakes. It was founded as a stronghold of the early Polish state in\n\nThe Anglican Communion is the third largest Christian communion after the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Founded in 1867 in London, the communion has more than 85 million members within the Church of England and other autocephalous national and regional churches in full communion. The traditional origins of Anglican doctrine are summarised in the Thirty-nine Articles (1571). The archbishop of Canterbury (, Justin Welby) in England acts as a focus of unity, recognised as (\"first among equals\"), but does not exercise authority in Anglican provinces outside of the Church of England. Most, but not all, member churches of the communion are the historic national or regional Anglican churches. The Anglican Communion was officially and formally organised and recognised as such at the Lambeth Conference in 1867 in London under the leadership of Charles Longley, Archbishop of Canterbury. The churches of the Anglican Communion consider themselves to be part of\n\nSome Velvet Sidewalk was an experimental lo-fi rock band from Olympia, Washington on the independent label K Records. History Some Velvet Sidewalk was formed in Eugene, Oregon, in 1987 by Al Larsen (vocals/guitar) and Robert Christie (drums). Their first release was From Playground 'Til Now, and was independently released on cassette in 1988. Somewhere around this time, Jenny Olay joined on second guitar and went on the band's first American jaunt with the Go Team, Rich Jensen, Spook & The Zombies, and Mecca Normal. In 1990, Larsen along with Tobi Vail (drums) and Louise Olsen (bass) recorded the album, Shipwreck. (The release of this album was heavily delayed, but it was eventually released in 1995.) Just before the 1990 release of their first full album, Appetite For Extinction, Robert Christie left the band and was replaced by Don Blair and bass player Martin Bernier, whom Larsen had found in a\n\nQuestion: What is Anglican Communion?", "output": "The Anglican Communion is the third largest Christian communion after the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Amathus or Amathous () was an ancient city and one of the ancient royal cities of Cyprus until about 300 BC. Some of its remains can be seen today on the southern coast in front of Agios Tychonas, about west of Larnaca and east of Limassol. Its ancient cult sanctuary of Aphrodite was the second most important in Cyprus, her homeland, after Paphos. Archaeological work has recently been continued at the site and many finds are exhibited in the Limassol Museum. History Pre-history and ancient era The pre-history of Amathus survives in both myth and archaeology. Archaeology has detected human activity from the earliest Iron Age, BC. The city's legendary founder was Cinyras, linked with the birth of Adonis, who called the city after his mother Amathous. According to a version of the Ariadne legend noted by Plutarch, Theseus abandoned Ariadne at Amathousa, where she died giving birth to her\n\nSeam allowance (sometimes called inlays) is the area between the fabric edge and the stitching line on two (or more) pieces of material being sewn together. Seam allowances can range from wide to as much as several inches. Commercial patterns for home sewers have seam allowances ranging from . A 5/8\u2033(1.5cm) seam allowance provides enough extra between the seam line and the cut edge of the fabric to make sure that the fabric will be safely caught as they are being joining together. This is particularly important when working with fabrics that ravel easily. Sewing industry seam allowances range from for curved areas (e.g. neck line, armscye) or hidden seams (e.g. facing seams), to or more for areas that require extra fabric for final fitting to the wearer (e.g. center back). Curved seams generally have a smaller seam allowance than straight seams; bulky seams with a large amount of seam\n\nChandraketugarh is a 2,500 years old archaeological site located near the Bidyadhari river, about north-east of Kolkata, India, in the district of North 24 parganas, near the township of Berachampa and the Harua Road railhead. Once it was an important hub of international maritime trade. A museum has been built near the site depicting largely collections of Dilip Kumar Maity, a retired school teacher and amateur archaeologist. Asutosh Museum of Indian Art conducted excavation between 1957 and 1968, which revealed relics of several historical periods, although the chronological classification of the relics remains incomplete. Many of the Chandraketugarh items and terracottas are now in collections of museums in India and abroad; and many of them are a part of private collections. According to some historians, the Chandraketugarh site and surrounding area could be the place known to ancient Greek and Roman writers as having the same name as the river\n\nQuestion: What's Chandraketugarh?", "output": "Chandraketugarh is a 2,500 years old archaeological site located near the Bidyadhari river,  about  north-east of Kolkata, India, in the district of North 24 parganas, near the township of Berachampa and the Harua Road railhead."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Bayt al-mal () is an Arabic term that is translated as \"House of money\" or \"House of wealth.\" Historically, it was a financial institution responsible for the administration of taxes in Islamic states, particularly in the early Islamic Caliphate. It served as a royal treasury for the caliphs and sultans, managing personal finances and government expenditures. Further, it administered distributions of zakat revenues for public works. Modern Islamic economists deem the institutional framework appropriate for contemporary Islamic societies. History Bayt al-mal was the department that dealt with the revenues and all other economical matters of the state. In the time of Muhammad, there was no permanent Bait-ul-Mal or public treasury. Whatever revenues or other amounts were received were distributed immediately. During Prophethood, the last receipt was tribute from Bahrain amounting 800000 dirham which was distributed in just one sitting. There were no salaries to be paid, and there was no\n\nThe Council for European Studies (CES), based at Columbia University, is an academic organization for the study of Europe. It offers scholarships and research grants, publications, and an annual conference. History The Council for European Studies was founded in 1970 with a grant from the Ford Foundation. First located at the University of Pittsburgh and later moved to Columbia University, its current institutional host, CES was originally formed as a limited consortium of Western European studies programs at eight major U.S. universities: University of California Berkeley, Columbia University, Harvard, Princeton, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Michigan, University of Wisconsin, and Yale. However, it ceased to be a consortium of eight in 1972, when twenty other universities were invited to become institutional members. Since that time, its institutional membership has grown substantially. Its institutional members currently include over 100 universities, colleges, and institutes around the world. Moreover, although membership was\n\nThe Pop Cola Panthers were a professional basketball team that played in the Philippine Basketball Association from 1990-2001. The franchise was owned by RFM Corporation. In 2001, when RFM Corporation sold its entire stake in Cosmos Bottling Corporation to Coca-Cola Bottlers Philippines, Inc. (CCBPI), the PBA franchise was included in the transaction. Upon ownership by CCBPI, the PBA franchise renamed the Coca-Cola Tigers beginning the 2002 PBA season and was considered as an expansion team. The franchise also played under the names Pop Cola/Diet Sarsi Sizzlers, Swift Mighty Meaty Hotdogs, Swift Mighty Meaties, Sunkist Orange Juicers/Bottlers and Pop Cola 800s. History Pop Cola was one of two expansion franchises to enter the league in the 1990 season, joining softdrink rival Pepsi-Cola, increasing the number of member teams in the pro league to eight. In their 12-year stint in the PBA, they were known as the Pop Cola Sizzlers, Sarsi, Swift\n\nQuestion: What is Council for European Studies?", "output": "The Council for European Studies,  based at Columbia University, is an academic organization for the study of Europe."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "WRVQ (94.5 FM \"Q94\") is a commercial radio station licensed to Richmond, Virginia, and serving Central Virginia. WRVQ is owned and operated by Audacy, Inc. It airs a Top 40 (CHR) radio format. The syndicated Elvis Duran show from former sister station WHTZ in New York City is heard in morning drive time. The studios and offices are located just north of Richmond city limits on Basie Road in unincorporated Henrico County, Virginia. WRVQ's transmitter is on WRVA Road in Henrico, co-located with the towers for sister station WRVA 1140 AM. WRVQ has an unusually high effective radiated power (ERP) of 200,000 watts. It broadcasts in the HD Radio hybrid format. The HD2 digital subchannel carries the sports radio programming of sister station WRNL 910 AM. History Early years as WRVB, WRVA-FM On August 10, 1948, the station signed on as WRVB. It was the FM counterpart to WRVA. WRVA\n\nBermuda shorts, also known as walk shorts or dress shorts, are a particular type of short trousers, worn as semi-casual attire by both men and women. The hem, which can be cuffed or un-cuffed, is around above the knee. They are so-named because of their popularity in Bermuda, a British Overseas Territory, where they are considered appropriate business attire for men when made of suit-like material and worn with knee-length socks, a dress shirt, tie, and blazer. True Bermuda shorts are not to be confused with \"capri pants\" extending below the knee. Cargo shorts may be a similar length but are typically baggy or less \"tailored\" than Bermuda shorts and more typical of West Coast American fashion. History The invention of Bermuda shorts is attributed to native Bermudian and tea shop owner Nathaniel Coxon, who in 1914 hemmed the uniform pants of his employees allowing for more comfort in the\n\nA Million to Juan is a 1994 romantic comedy film starring comedian Paul Rodriguez. It was also his directorial debut. The story is a modern spin on Mark Twain's 1893 story \"The Million Pound Bank Note\". Plot Alejandro Lopez narrates the events of his father Juan Lopez's life, and how by selling oranges he changed their lives. A man named Juan is born on a strawberry field in Bakersfield, California, but due to hardship, his mother decided to relocate to Mexico. As an undocumented citizen (due to no proof of US citizenship), Juan struggles in Los Angeles not only to get a green card, but to care solely for Alejandro after Juan's wife's death. Juan sells oranges near a freeway. He lives with two roommates and his young son. He loves to cook and feed them creative meals as he tries desperately to raise Alejandro. He is stressed as he\n\nQuestion: What's WRVQ?", "output": "WRVQ is a commercial radio station licensed to Richmond, Virginia, and serving Central Virginia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "(born June 16, 1961) is a Japanese musician and video game designer based in Tokyo, Japan. He was born in Osaka on June 16, 1961, and majored in Industrial Society at Ritsumeikan University. He has worked extensively with music production, sound design, and visuals, and has been active with the J-pop duo Psy-S. He has also been credited with popularizing the modern music video game at his studio NanaOn-Sha. Career On April 1983, shortly after he graduated from Ritsumeikan University, Matsuura met singer Chaka (Mami Yasunori) and founded Psy-S. The band's debut album, Different View, was released in 1985. The group's musical style is a mixture of experimental synthesizer, electric guitar, and vocals. Matsuura is the band's composer and arranger, and he performs using a Fairlight CMI synthesizer. He has also mastered the keyboard, guitar, and bass and he occasionally performs these instruments on stage as well. In the late-80s,\n\nJohn Arthur \"Jack\" Shaw (July 1, 1939 \u2013 April 5, 2020) was an American former civil servant who held positions under several presidents: Senior Staff under Richard Nixon, White House liaison under Gerald Ford, and in the State Department under Ronald Reagan. Additionally, President George H. W. Bush gave him a recess appointment as Assistant Secretary of Commerce. His last presidential appointment was as Deputy Undersecretary of Defense for International Technology Security, under George W. Bush. Shaw was accused of improper advocacy for private contracts, which led to his dismissal, but a subsequent FBI investigation resulted in no charges against him. Shaw returned to the private sector and was President and CEO of the American Overseas Clinics Corporation. Early life, education, and professorships Shaw was born into a prominent Philadelphia political family, and was raised in the suburbs by an aunt and uncle due to the early death of his\n\nWig Wamania is the second studio album by Norwegian glam metal band Wig Wam. The album was released on 13 March, 2006, and produced by the band's guitarist Trond Holter. The album's first single \"Gonna Get You Someday\" was released on 7 February, 2006 and was also featured on the soundtrack for the Norwegian 2006 movie Lange Flate Ball\u00e6r. Two bonus tracks were added for the Japanese version of the album, \"After the Nine O'Clock News\" and \"Flying High\", the latter being the first recording with bassist Bernt Jansen singing lead vocals. In October 2006, Wig Wam released an acoustic version of the album's song \"Bygone Zone\" and performed the single for TV-aksjonen, an annual national Norwegian charity fund raising event, with all the sale proceeds from the single being donated to M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res. Wig Wamania is certified gold in Norway. Track listing Personnel Wig Wam Glam (\u00c5ge Sten\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Masaya Matsuura.", "output": "is a Japanese musician and video game designer based in Tokyo, Japan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ludwig Philipp Albert Schweitzer (; 14 January 1875 \u2013 4 September 1965) was an Alsatian polymath. He was a theologian, organist, musicologist, writer, humanitarian, philosopher, and physician. A Lutheran minister, Schweitzer challenged both the secular view of Jesus as depicted by the historical-critical method current at this time, as well as the traditional Christian view. His contributions to the interpretation of Pauline Christianity concern the role of Paul's mysticism of \"being in Christ\" as primary and the doctrine of justification by faith as secondary. He received the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize for his philosophy of \"Reverence for Life\", becoming the eighth Frenchman to be awarded that prize. His philosophy was expressed in many ways, but most famously in founding and sustaining the H\u00f4pital Albert Schweitzer in Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, French Equatorial Africa (now Gabon). As a music scholar and organist, he studied the music of German composer Johann Sebastian Bach and influenced\n\nAzambuja () is a municipality in the Portuguese district of Lisbon, in the historical region of Ribatejo (and the sole municipality of within the district that does not belong to the historical province of Estremadura). The population in 2011 was 21,814, in an area of 262.66 km\u00b2. Since 2002, it was integrated into the NUTS III statistical subregion of Lez\u00edria do Tejo. History The town is so old that there is no longer any surviving record of when it received the privileged status embodied in a municipal charter. In 1963 Ford opened an auto-assembly plant in Azambuja. In 2000 the plant was integrated into the nearby auto-assembly business of General Motors (Opel). Opel Combo minivans were assembled until the end of 2006 when the plant was closed and production transferred to the manufacturer's plant near Saragossa (Spain). Geography The municipality is limited to the north by Rio Maior, to the\n\nLuis Enrique Sam Colop or Sam-Colop (born in Cantel, 1955, died July 15, 2011) was a Guatemalan/Native American linguist, lawyer, poet, writer, newspaper columnist, promoter of the K'iche' language, and social activist. Early life He was born in Cantel, Guatemala in 1955. Education Sam Colop graduated in Law at the Rafael Landivar University<ref> Alberto M. Fern\u00e1ndez, [http://www.drclas.harvard.edu/revista/articles/view/499 Review of Kay B. Warren's Pan-Maya Activism in Guatemala] . ReVista online journal, Harvard (Spring 1999). </ref> and obtained his Ph.D. at SUNY, Buffalo in 1994 with a dissertation on Maya poetry. Teaching career He taught K'iche' Language at the Universidad de San Carlos, Guatemala. Starting in 1999 he was a Fulbright-sponsored visiting scholar at St. Mary's College of Maryland Books and articles Published works by Luis Sam-Colop include two poem collections, Versos sin refugio and La copa y la ra\u00edz as well as various essays and articles. He is best known outside\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Azambuja is.", "output": "Azambuja is a municipality in the Portuguese district of Lisbon, in the historical region of Ribatejo."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Clan Menzies (IPA: /\u02c8m\u026a\u014b\u026as/ - ); ; a member is a M\u00e8innearach) is a Highland Scottish clan. History Origins of the Clan Mesni\u00e8res in Normandy was the original home of the Norman family who were found in England by the name of Manners and who were the ancestors of the Dukes of Rutland in England. Sir Robert de Myneris appeared in the court of Alexander II of Scotland where he received royal patronage, rising to become a chamberlain in 1249. Sir Robert received grants for lands in Glen Lyon and Atholl. These grants were further reinforced by a grant to his son Alexander of Strathtay in 1296. Alexander also acquired the lands of Weem and married Egida, a daughter of James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland. The Clan Motto originates from the Battle of Teba (1330), at which Chief Lord Robert the Menzies first uttered the phrase in response\n\n\"Take It Back\" is a song by the progressive rock band Pink Floyd, released as the seventh track on their 1994 album The Division Bell. It was also released as a single on 16 May 1994, the first from the album, and Pink Floyd's first for seven years. The single peaked at number 23 on the UK Singles Chart, the fourth highest in the band's history, below 1979 number 1 hit \"Another Brick In The Wall\" and 1967 top 20 hits \"See Emily Play\" and \"Arnold Layne.\" The music for the song was written by guitarist David Gilmour and album co-producer Bob Ezrin, with lyrics by Gilmour, his wife Polly Samson and Nick Laird-Clowes. Equipment Guitarist David Gilmour used an E-bow on a Gibson J-200 acoustic guitar that is processed through a Zoom effects box, then directly injected into the board. The lyrics include a common British reading of the\n\nJohn Tallis (7 November 1817 \u2013 3 June 1876) was an English cartographic publisher.<ref name=\"Boase\">Boase, F., Modern English biography, 6 vols, 1892-1921</ref> His company, John Tallis & Company, published views, maps and atlases in London from roughly 1838 to 1851. Tallis set up as a publisher with Frederick Tallis in Cripplegate in 1842; the business moved to Smithfield in 1846, and was dissolved in 1849. From 1851 to 1854 Tallis operated as John Tallis & Company. He started the Illustrated News of the World'' which issued engraved portraits as supplements in a series entitled \u2018National Portrait Gallery of eminent personages' in 1858, selling it for \u00a31,370 in 1861; it folded in 1863. The series was subsequently republished in a number of separate volumes. He lived in New Cross, South East London. His house on New Cross Road is listed as a Building of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, grade II.\n\nQuestion: Define Clan Menzies.", "output": "Clan Menzies; ; a member is a M\u00e8innearach) is a Highland Scottish clan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "George Craig Ludlow (April 6, 1830 \u2013 December 18, 1900) was an American Democratic Party politician, who served as the 25th governor of New Jersey from 1881 to 1884. Early life George Craig Ludlow was born in Milford, New Jersey on April 6, 1830. His father Cornelius Ludlow and grandfather Benjamin Ludlow were both active in Democratic Party politics. In 1835, the Ludlow family moved to New Brunswick, New Jersey, where George would remain for the rest of his life. Ludlow graduated from Rutgers College in 1850 and opened a law practice in 1853. He was private counsel for the Pennsylvania Railroad. Early political career In 1876, he was elected to represent Middlesex County in the New Jersey Senate. In 1878, he was chosen as Senate President. Governor of New Jersey 1880 campaign In 1880, the New Jersey Democratic convention nominated Ludlow for Governor. His nomination was largely the result\n\nScarred Lands is a post-apocalyptic fantasy campaign setting in which characters live in a world recovering from a devastating war between gods and titans. Initially published by White Wolf Publishing under its Sword & Sorcery brand using the d20 System, Scarred Lands is now owned by Onyx Path Publishing. In 2017 Onyx Path Publishing released an updated version of the setting using the 5th Edition Open Game License system along with a version of the core setting book using the first edition of the Pathfinder Roleplaying Game rules. Scarred Lands draws inspiration from Greek mythology. Setting Scarred Lands is set on the world of Scarn in a post-apocalyptic era where the world is recovering from a horrific war between the Gods and Titans, which ended 150 years ago and left the land warped. The primary focus of the setting is the continent of Ghelspad, which was the site of numerous\n\nIziduko (pl.) in Xhosa are family names that are considered more important than surnames among Xhosa people. Many Xhosa persons can trace their family history back to a specific male ancestor or stock. Mentioning the clan name of someone is the highest form of respect, and it is considered polite to enquire after someone's clan name on meeting. The clan name is also sometimes used as an exclamation by members of that clan. When a woman marries, she may take her husband's surname, but she always keeps her own clan name and adds the prefix \"Ma-\" to it. A man and a woman who have the same clan name may not marry, as they are considered to be related. References Sources Mlungisi Ndima (1988). A History of the Qwathi People from the Earliest Times to 1910. MA Thesis. Rhodes University. Kirsch et al. Clicking with Xhosa (2001). Cape Town: David\n\nQuestion: Define Scarred Lands.", "output": "Scarred Lands is a post-apocalyptic fantasy campaign setting in which characters live in a world recovering from a devastating war between gods and titans."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jack Duffy (September 27, 1926 \u2013 May 19, 2008) was a Canadian singer, comedian and actor. Life and career Duffy was born in Montreal and raised in Toronto, he was then dropped out of Central Technical School to become a singer. At age 19, he was hired as a studio singer with CBC in Toronto and in 1948, he started a three-year affiliation with Tommy Dorsey, initially as a member of the vocal group Bob-O-Links. Duffy was performing as a member of the musical act the Town Criers in 1950 and would frequently appear on CBC-TV variety shows through the 1950s. In 1957, he was hired by Norman Jewison to appear as a comedian on the CBC series Showtime. Duffy had his own CBC variety show called Here's Duffy that ran from June 1958 through October 1959. In 1961, he became a regular on Perry Como's Kraft Music Hall, performing\n\nCarla Rae MacLeod (born June 16, 1982) is a Canadian ice hockey coach and retired member of the Canadian national women's hockey team. She is the current head coach of the Czech national ice hockey team and the Ottawa PWHL team in the Professional Women's Hockey League (PWHL). Playing career MacLeod was born in Spruce Grove, Alberta. MacLeod attended Bishop Carroll High School in Calgary, Alberta. Carla MacLeod represented Team Alberta at the National Championships in 1999 and 2001. On both occasions, MacLeod would win the Abby Hoffman Cup. Wisconsin Badgers She played with the Wisconsin Badgers women's ice hockey program in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association for four years, serving as captain for the 03-04 and 04-05 seasons. She played for United States women's Olympic team coach Mark Johnson at Wisconsin, where he likened her leadership to that of a second coach. While at Wisconsin, MacLeod was bestowed with\n\nA bactericide or bacteriocide, sometimes abbreviated Bcidal, is a substance which kills bacteria. Bactericides are disinfectants, antiseptics, or antibiotics. However, material surfaces can also have bactericidal properties based solely on their physical surface structure, as for example biomaterials like insect wings. Disinfectants The most used disinfectants are those applying active chlorine (i.e., hypochlorites, chloramines, dichloroisocyanurate and trichloroisocyanurate, wet chlorine, chlorine dioxide, etc.), active oxygen (peroxides, such as peracetic acid, potassium persulfate, sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, and urea perhydrate), iodine (povidone-iodine, Lugol's solution, iodine tincture, iodinated nonionic surfactants), concentrated alcohols (mainly ethanol, 1-propanol, called also n-propanol and 2-propanol, called isopropanol and mixtures thereof; further, 2-phenoxyethanol and 1- and 2-phenoxypropanols are used), phenolic substances (such as phenol (also called \"carbolic acid\"), cresols such as thymol, halogenated (chlorinated, brominated) phenols, such as hexachlorophene, triclosan, trichlorophenol, tribromophenol, pentachlorophenol, salts and isomers thereof), cationic surfactants, such as some quaternary ammonium cations (such as benzalkonium chloride,\n\nQuestion: What is Bactericide", "output": "A bactericide or bacteriocide, sometimes abbreviated Bcidal, is a substance which kills bacteria."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Sergio Cervato (; 22 March 1929 \u2013 9 October 2005) was an Italian footballer who played as a defender. Club career Cervato was born in Carmignano di Brenta, province of Padua. Playing for Fiorentina, he formed a formidable defensive partnership with Ardico Magnini; despite being a left-back, however, Cervato often contributed to the Viola's attacks, scoring 31 goals during his 10 years in Florence. During the 1955\u201356 Serie A season, Cervato won the Serie A title (\"Scudetto\") with Fiorentina as the club's captain, his only title with the club; the 1955\u201356 title-winning side under Fulvio Bernardini lost just one game \u2013 the last one at Genoa \u2013 and is regarded as one of the best Serie A teams of all time. Following the team's Serie A triumph, the squad narrowly missed out on several more league titles, finishing as runners-up for the next four consecutive years in 1957, 1958, 1959\n\nThe Railway Preservation Society of Ireland (RPSI) is a railway preservation group founded in 1964 and operating throughout Ireland. Mainline steam train railtours are operated from Dublin, while short train rides are operated up and down the platform at Whitehead, County Antrim, and as of 2023, the group sometimes operates mainline trains in Northern Ireland using hired-in NIR diesel trains from Belfast. The RPSI has bases in Dublin and Whitehead, with the latter having a museum. The society owns heritage wagons, carriages, steam engines, diesel locomotives and metal-bodied carriages suitable for mainline use. Bases The society has developed several bases over time, with Whitehead joined by Sallins, then Mullingar, and also Inchicore and Connolly in Dublin. As of 2019, three locations are in operation: Whitehead, Inchicore and Connolly. Current operations Whitehead site and museum Whitehead, near Belfast, has a long history as an excursion station, and the RPSI developed a\n\nBenin ( , ; , , ), officially the Republic of Benin (), and formerly Dahomey, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east, Burkina Faso to the north-west, and Niger to the north-east. The majority of its population lives on the southern coastline of the Bight of Benin, part of the Gulf of Guinea in the northernmost tropical portion of the Atlantic Ocean. The capital is Porto-Novo, and the seat of government is in Cotonou, the most populous city and economic capital. Benin covers an area of and its population in was estimated to be approximately million. It is a small, tropical country. It is one of the least developed, with an economy significantly dependent on agriculture, and is an exporter of palm oil and cotton. Some employment and income arise from subsistence farming. From the 17th to the\n\nQuestion: Who is Sergio Cervato?", "output": "Sergio Cervato was an Italian footballer who played as a defender."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jonathan Freeman-Attwood, CBE is the 14th principal of the Royal Academy of Music in London; he was appointed in 2008. Alongside his commitment to education, he is a writer, record producer, broadcaster and musician. In 2001, he was conferred as professor with a personal chair from the University of London, and in 2009 was appointed a Fellow of King's College London, (where he is a visiting professor); he was a trustee of the University of London from 2010 to 2015, appointed fellow of the Royal Northern College of Music in 2013, and in 2017 was made a fellow of the Royal College of Music. He is a trustee and chair of the artistic advisory committee of Garsington Opera, a trustee of the Young Classical Artists' Trust (YCAT), the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music (ABRSM) and the Countess of Munster Musical Trust. He is a council member of\n\nBarra is a name for an engine range created by Ford Australia, including the inline-6 and unrelated SOHC V8 in the Ford Australia Falcon between 2002 and 2016. The inline-6 engines are unique to the Australian manufactured Falcon and Territory and were developed and manufactured in Geelong, Victoria. The Barra was first introduced in the BA Falcon, named after the \"Barramundi\" code name used during the development of the BA update engine. The V8 engine, from Essex, Ontario, were discontinued with the FG model whereas the I6 engines continued production until 26 September 2016, coinciding with the end of production of the Falcon and Territory on 7 October. Inline 6 All Barra I6 engines are DOHC with Variable valve timing and contain 24 valves. They are a development of the SOHC \"Intech\" I6s produced between 1998 and 2002, or the SOHC produced from 1988 to 1998, which in turn are\n\nWestbroek is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of De Bilt, and lies about 6 km northwest of Bilthoven. Westbroek consists mainly of a ribbon of farms along a dike. The village is surrounded by a number of polders: the Polder Westbroek, the Kerkeindse Polder, and the Polder Achttienhoven in the north, and the Molenpolder and Polder de Kooi in the south. The Molenpolder is a nature reserve. History Westbroek used to be a separate municipality. It merged into Maartensdijk in 1957, and has been a part of the De Bilt municipality since 2001. The church dates from 1467. On 26 December 1481, Westbroek was the site of a major battle, known as the Battle of Westbroek, between the armies of the prince-bishopric of Utrecht and Holland, with Holland winning a decisive victory. Gallery References External links Populated places in Utrecht\n\nQuestion: Define Ford Barra engine.", "output": "Barra is a name for an engine range created by Ford Australia, including the inline-6 and unrelated SOHC V8 in the Ford Australia Falcon between 2002 and 2016."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The river Elli\u00f0a\u00e1r (, \"Elli\u00f0i's river\") is situated in the Reykjav\u00edk area in the south-west of Iceland. Two small rivers have their source in the volcanic mountain range of Bl\u00e1fj\u00f6ll and stream down to Elli\u00f0avatn lake at the eastern suburban border of the city, its outlet forming the river. On their way, they pass through the nature reserve area of Hei\u00f0m\u00f6rk. On its way to the sea, which is reached in the Elli\u00f0avogur bay in Reykjav\u00edk, not far from the open-air folk museum of \u00c1rb\u00e6jarsafn in \u00c1rb\u00e6r, the river cascades over several small waterfalls, within the boundary of the city. The river is an excellent place to fish salmon. The valley The valley Elli\u00f0a\u00e1rdalur is one of the green recreational areas of Reykjav\u00edk with hiking and bicycle paths. There is also a swimming pool, a small ski lift and horse riding facilities in the valley. Since the beginning of the\n\nKenneth Hervey MacLeay (born 2 April 1959) is a former English-born Australian cricketer. He was an all-rounder who played 16 One Day Internationals for Australia between 1983 and 1987. MacLeay played in the 1983 Cricket World Cup in England taking 6 for 39 against India. MacLeay played in 129 first-class matches for Western Australia between 1981 and 1991. He was a regular in a strong WA side appearing in Sheffield Shield final winning team four times. MacLeay also played county cricket in England for Somerset in 1991 and 1992. In 2001, MacLeay was named as a life member of the WACA Ground in Perth for his contributions to cricket. Career In 1982\u201383 MacLeay leapt to attention when he took 5\u20137 off 21 balls for WA against Victoria. International career He made his one-day debut for Australia in 1982\u201383 against New Zealand, taking 1\u201339 and scoring 3. His next game was\n\nJohnstons of Elgin is a woollen mill in Elgin, Scotland. Alexander Johnston established his business in 1797 at Newmill Elgin on the banks of the River Lossie. Despite a major fire (1954) and numerous floods the Mill at Elgin continues to produce the finest woollen garments including cashmere. The original mill produced linen, flax, oatmeal and tobacco but Alexander Johnston, introduced textiles and phased out the original products. He pioneered the use of tweed for camouflage and the style became known as Scottish Estate Tweeds. Johnstons at their Elgin mill carries out the processes of dyeing, spinning, weaving and finishing on one site, thus making it the only vertical mill in Scotland. Johnstons of Elgin is the UK\u2019s largest producer of luxury cashmere and fine woollens, The mill uses cashmere from China and Mongolia and lambswool from Australia. The company has six retail locations in the United Kingdom (London, Hawick,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Johnstons of Elgin is.", "output": "Johnstons of Elgin is a woollen mill in Elgin, Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Smithfield is a street with a length of approximately 1,300 m in Kennedy Town, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. Its northern section is a commercial and residential area, while its southern section is a road connecting it to Pok Fu Lam Road. Smithfield was historically the site of a cattle quarantine depot and a slaughterhouse, and was probably named after its London namesake. Location The street begins at New Praya, Kennedy Town () at the Victoria Harbour shore of the town, at Belcher Bay, and extends south into Mount Davis. It crosses two of the main streets of Kennedy Town: Catchick Street () and Belcher's Street. To the south, Smithfield forms T-shaped intersections with Rock Hill Street (), Forbes Street (), Pokfield Road, Lung Wah Street (). It ends at a junction with Pok Fu Lam Road and Mount Davis Road (). Features Smithfield Municipal Services Building (), located at\n\nDelaware County Community College (DCCC) is a public community college with campuses and facilities throughout Delaware and Chester Counties in Pennsylvania. DCCC was founded in 1967 and is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. The college offers 53 associate degree programs and 43 certificate programs at nine different locations. DCCC's athletic teams compete in Division III of the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) and are members of the Eastern Pennsylvania Athletic Conference. They are collectively known as the Phantoms and have won two men's basketball championships. In 2021, DCCC was named a Center of Excellence for Domestic Maritime Workforce Training and Education for preparing students for U.S. maritime industry careers. History Early years The origin of DCCC can be traced back to 1963, when Pennsylvania legislature permitted the establishment of state community colleges through the Community College Act of 1963. In 1964, when the Delaware County\n\nIsidore Singer (10 November 1859 \u2013 20 February 1939) was an American encyclopedist and editor of The Jewish Encyclopedia and founder of the American League for the Rights of Man. Biography Singer was born in 1859 in Weisskirchen, Moravia, in the Austrian Empire. He studied at the University of Vienna and the Humboldt University of Berlin, receiving his Ph.D. in 1884. France After editing the Allgemeine oesterreichische Literaturzeitung (Austrian literary newspaper) from 1885 to 1886, he became literary secretary to the French ambassador in Vienna. From 1887, he worked in Paris in the press bureau of the French foreign office and was active in the campaign on behalf of Alfred Dreyfus. In 1893 he founded a short-lived biweekly called La Vraie Parole as a foil to the anti-Jewish La Libre Parole. New York Singer moved to New York City in 1895 where he learned English and taught French, raising the\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Smithfield, Hong Kong is.", "output": "Smithfield is a street with a length of approximately 1,300 m in Kennedy Town, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Uluborlu is a town in Isparta Province in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. It is the seat of Senirkent District and has a population of 5,635 (2022). Uluborlu has been identified as the ancient town of Sozopolis. History Throughout history, Uluborlu has been on the military and commercial crossroads of Asia minor which has shaped its character. The settlement is known from prehistoric times and was called either Sozopolis or Apollonia. In early historic times it was part of Phrygia. It fell to Alexander the Great in the 330s BC. Following Alexander's death it passed to the Asian arm of the Seleucid Empire and then the Attalid kingdom (188\u2013133 BC) for 130 years. Subsequently, it was ceded to the Romans and formed part of the province of Asia until the division of the Roman Empire in 395 AD. Sozopolis remained then part of the Byzantine Empire until 1074 when it\n\nBlue Wild Angel: Live at the Isle of Wight is a posthumous live album by Jimi Hendrix released on November 12, 2002. The album documents Hendrix's last U.K. live performance at the Isle of Wight Festival on August 31, 1970, three weeks before his death. The set list for the concert contained songs from the original Experience albums, as well as new songs. Some were previously available on Isle of Wight (1971) and Live Isle of Wight '70 (1991). \"Power to Love (Message of Love)\", \"Midnight Lightning\", and \"Foxy Lady\" released in the US on the three record set The First Great Rock Festivals of the 70s: Isle of Wight/Atlanta Pop Festival\" released on Columbia Records in 1971. Overview Included in the set was an adaptation of \"God Save the Queen\" and a cover of The Beatles' \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\", played just before launching into \"Spanish Castle\n\nAndronicus of Cyrrhus or Andronicus Cyrrhestes (Latin; , Andr\u00f3nikos Kyrrh\u0113st\u0113s; ) was a Hellenized Macedonian astronomer best known for designing the Tower of the Winds in Roman Athens. Life Little is known about the life of Andronicus, although his father is recorded as Hermias. It is usually assumed that he came from the Cyrrhus in Macedonia rather than the one in Syria. Work Andronicus is usually credited with the construction of the Tower of the Winds in the Roman forum at Athens around a considerable portion of which still exists. It is octagonal, with figures of the eight principal winds (Anemoi) carved on the appropriate side. Originally, a bronze figure of Triton was placed on the summit that was turned round by the wind so that the rod in his hand pointed to the correct wind direction, an idea replicated with subsequent wind vanes. The interior housed a large clepsydra\n\nQuestion: What is Andronicus of Cyrrhus?", "output": "Andronicus of Cyrrhus or Andronicus Cyrrhestes was a Hellenized Macedonian astronomer best known for designing the Tower of the Winds in Roman Athens."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Greatham ( ) is a village and civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It is north of Liss, just off the A3 road. The nearest railway station is south of the village, at Liss. Description Greatham is a small village, about north of Petersfield, Hampshire, south of Farnham, Surrey and east of Alton, Hampshire. The population of Greatham is approximately 800 people living in around 400 houses. The village is situated alongside the A3 which runs between London and Portsmouth. Greatham is a linear village, mainly located along the old Petersfield Road (the main road between Farnham and Petersfield), with additional housing along Longmoor Road, Benhams Lane and Church Lane. At the north end of the village is Longmoor Military Camp, where remains of the Longmoor Military Railway can be seen, and the new Woolmer Link road, re-routing the A325 from Farnham to join the A3\n\nWallyford is a village near Musselburgh and approximately east of Edinburgh in East Lothian, Scotland. History The village was initially populated by coal miners and later grew as an overspill/commuter town for workers in Musselburgh and Edinburgh. A tribute to the miners can be found marked on a stone through the main road (Salters Road) of the village. A coal mine at Wallyford was worked for the profit of Mary, Queen of Scots in 1563 and also supplied coal for her own fire at Holyrood Palace. The village is overlooked by the restored Fa'side Castle which was destroyed by the English after the Battle of Pinkie in 1546. In 2016, construction began to regenerate the village. A new, replacement Primary School was completed in February 2019. A new village high street/centre will be created alongside a legible hierarchy of roads and footpaths, maximising connections throughout but in particular to the\n\nMaximum Ride: The Angel Experiment is the first book in the Maximum Ride series by James Patterson. The book was released in the US on April 11, 2005, and in the UK on July 4, 2005. The story follows the Flock, a group of human-avian hybrids (98% human, 2% bird) on the run from the scientists who created them. Summary The Flock, led by Maximum \"Max\" Ride, are a group of kids genetically altered to have wings. They live in hiding in a house in the woods after being freed by one of the scientists, Jeb Batchelder, now presumed deceased. The youngest member, Angel, is abducted by wolf-human hybrid \"Erasers\" and taken back to \"The School\", the lab where the Flock was created and raised in cages. Max, Fang and Nudge set out to rescue Angel while Iggy and the Gasman stay behind. On the way, Max stops to rescue\n\nQuestion: Define Wallyford.", "output": "Wallyford is a village near Musselburgh and approximately  east of Edinburgh in East Lothian, Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Suncroft is a Gaelic football club in Suncroft, County Kildare, Ireland, winner of the day Senior Hurling championship in 1974 and the Senior Football League in 1952. Paul Doyle was selected on the Kildare Gaelic football team of the millennium. Anthony Rainbow was an All Stars Award winner in 2000. History In 2009, Suncroft completed one of the biggest shocks in the Kildare Senior Football Championship by beating the highly fancied Sarsfields by 2-12 to 0-15 on All Ireland Sunday morning in glorious sunshine at St Conleths Park. Notable players Fionn Dowling Honours Kildare Senior Hurling Championship: Winners 1974. Kildare Senior Football League (1) 1952 Kildare Senior Football Championship Semi-finalists 1995, 2009 Kildare Intermediate Football Championship (4) 1944, 1950, 1989, 2007 Kildare Junior A Football Championship: 1977 Kildare Junior Football Championship: 1930, 1962 Kildare Minor B Football Championship 2015 Kildare Minor Football Championship (3) 1944, 1948, 1949 Keogh Cup Champions\n\nThe long-tailed hermit (Phaethornis superciliosus) is a large hummingbird that is a resident breeder in Venezuela, the Guianas, and north-eastern Brazil. This species was formerly referred to as the eastern long-tailed hermit. Taxonomy The long-tailed hermit was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1766 in the twelfth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Trochilus superciliosus. Linnaeus based his description on the \"colibry \u00e0 longue queue de Cayenne\" that had been described and illustrated in 1760 by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson. The specific epithet is from Latin superciliosa meaning \"eye-browed\". The long-tailed hermit is now the type species of the genus Phaethornis that was introduced in 1827 by William Swainson. Two subspecies are recognised: P. s. superciliosus (Linnaeus, 1766) \u2013 south Venezuela, the Guianas and north Brazil (north of the Amazon) P. s. muelleri Hellmayr, 1911 \u2013 north Brazil (south of the Amazon)\n\nKirkland Leroy Irvis (December 27, 1919 \u2013 March 16, 2006) was an American educator, activist and politician based in Pennsylvania; he was the first African American to serve as a speaker of the house in any state legislature in the United States since Reconstruction. (John Roy Lynch (1847\u20131939) of Mississippi had been the first African American to hold that position.) Irvis, a Democrat, represented Pittsburgh in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1958\u20131988. Early life Kirkland Leroy Irvis was born in 1919 in Saugerties, New York, son of Francis H. and Harriet Irvis. He attended local schools. He went to college, graduating summa cum laude in 1938 from the University of New York State Teachers College (now State University of New York at Albany) with a master's degree in education, the second black American to graduate from that college. During his degree, Irvis took classes with the folklorist Harold W\n\nQuestion: What's Long-tailed hermit?", "output": "The long-tailed hermit is a large hummingbird that is a resident breeder in Venezuela, the Guianas, and north-eastern Brazil."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Misrah Ghar il-Kbir (informally known as Clapham Junction) is a prehistoric site in Si\u0121\u0121iewi, in the south of the Island of Malta, near the Dingli Cliffs. It is best known for its \"cart ruts\", a complex network of tracks carved in the rock. The age and purpose of the tracks is uncertain with estimates of their origins ranging from the Neolithic to Medieval times and all points in-between. Several researchers have suggested they may have been used in different periods perhaps even for different activities. It appears the ruts could only have been made no later than c.700BC with several examples pointing to a Temple Period date c. 3800-2500BC. It is reported that the \"Clapham Junction\" nickname was given by archaeologist David H. Trump, who reported that it reminded him of the busy railway station Clapham Junction in London. Origin of the tracks Similar tracks (known and signposted in Malta\n\nThe Sheepshead Bay station is an express station on the BMT Brighton Line of the New York City Subway. It is located in the Sheepshead Bay neighborhood of Brooklyn. It is served by the Q train at all times and by the B train on weekdays. History In April 1931, as part of project to extend the station platforms, a new entrance opened at Voorhies Avenue. It was renovated by New York City Transit\u2019s in-house maintenance-of-way forces in 1997-1998. In December 2008, a wooden pedestrian bridge was built above the express tracks that connected the two platforms near the north end of this station. This was for passengers wishing to transfer between directions during reconstruction of Avenue U and Neck Road. The bridge was removed in September 2010. In 2019, as part of an initiative to increase the accessibility of the New York City Subway system, the MTA announced that\n\nDoctrine and Life is an Irish religious periodical published by the Dominican religious order. It was initially published from September 1946 as part of the Irish Rosary magazine. From February 1951 it was published as a separate periodical, under its founding editor Fr. Anselm Moynihan. From 1951 to 1961 it was published bimonthly, before becoming a monthly publication in January 1961. Prominent Irish priest Fr Austin Flannery O.P., became its second editor in 1957, editing it up until 1988. It is now published ten times a year and the present editor (and a director of Dominican Publications) is Fr. Bernard Treacy, O.P. Religious Life Review (incorporated as a supplement in Doctrine and Life), evolved from a monthly supplement starting in 1969, edited by Fr. Flannery until 2003, and Thomas McCarthy, OP (Collegio San Clemente) served as editor from 2003 until 2016. Other contributors have included David Begg, Liz Murphy RSM,\n\nQuestion: What's Misra\u0127 G\u0127ar il-Kbir?", "output": "Misrah Ghar il-Kbir is a prehistoric site in Si\u0121\u0121iewi, in the south of the Island of Malta, near the Dingli Cliffs."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "August William Derleth (February 24, 1909 \u2013 July 4, 1971) was an American writer and anthologist. He was the first book publisher of the writings of H. P. Lovecraft. He made contributions to the Cthulhu Mythos and the cosmic horror genre and helped found the publisher Arkham House (which did much to bring supernatural fiction into print in hardcover in the US that had only been readily available in the UK). Derleth was also a leading American regional writer of his day, as well as prolific in several other genres, including historical fiction, poetry, detective fiction, science fiction, and biography. Notably, he created the fictional detective Solar Pons, a pastiche of Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes. A 1938 Guggenheim Fellow, Derleth considered his most serious work to be the ambitious Sac Prairie Saga, a series of fiction, historical fiction, poetry, and non-fiction naturalist works designed to memorialize life in the\n\nThe Last of the Sky Pirates is a children's fantasy novel by Paul Stewart and Chris Riddell, first published in 2002. It is the fifth volume of The Edge Chronicles and the first of the Rook Saga trilogy; within the stories' own chronology it is the seventh novel, following the Quint Saga and Twig Saga trilogies. Unlike the previous books in the series, this focuses on Rook Barkwater and Felix Lodd, but the main character of the first three books, Twig, is present as well. The story is of young Rook as he becomes a librarian knight and is pitted against the Guardians of the Night, including Xanth Filantine. The character of Vox Verlix is mentioned, setting up for the sixth book, Vox. Plot summary Rook Barkwater lives in the network of sewer-chambers beneath Undertown, in which a society of librarians has established itself, secretly opposing the cruel Guardians of\n\nFC Ruggell is a Liechtensteiner amateur football (soccer) team that plays in Ruggell. They currently play in the Swiss Football League, in 2. Liga, which is the sixth tier of Swiss football. Like all Liechtensteiner clubs, they play in the Swiss football pyramid. They have reached the final of the Liechtenstein Football Cup on 7 occasions, most recently in 2019, where they lost 3\u20132 against FC Vaduz. History Formation and early years (1958\u20131970) The club was founded after 10 sports enthusiasts from Ruggell met at the Gasthaus R\u00f6ssle - a local Inn - at midday of 9 March 1958. The first match played under the name FC Ruggell was in the Liechtenstein Junior Tournament in Triesen, which Ruggell's Youth C-Team took place in, with their first match happening on 7 September 1958. The following year the club competed in a senior league match for the first time, spending the 1959/60\n\nQuestion: Tell me what The Last of the Sky Pirates is.", "output": "The Last of the Sky Pirates is a children's fantasy novel by Paul Stewart and Chris Riddell, first published in 2002."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Trinity School at River Ridge is a private Christian school in Eagan, Minnesota, United States. It provides an education rooted in classical Christian education to students in grades 6-12. The school is located at 601 River Ridge Parkway, Suite 200, in Eagan, Minnesota 55121, this 1996, 2008, and 2019 Blue Ribbon school is accredited by North Central Association and Independent School Association of the Central States (NCA/ISACS). The River Ridge campus was founded in 1987 by the People of Praise, a Christian community. It is owned and operated by Trinity Schools, Inc, based in South Bend, Indiana. The River Ridge campus has two sister schools, Greenlawn in South Bend and Meadow View in Falls Church, Virginia. History River Ridge, the second campus of Trinity Schools, Inc., opened in the Twin Cities in 1987 with 6 teachers and 31 students, using rented facilities at Gethsemane Episcopal Church, in downtown Minneapolis, MN.\n\nAha\u1e41k\u0101ra (Sanskrit: \u0905\u0939\u0902\u0915\u093e\u0930), 'I-making' is a Sanskrit term in Sa\u1e43khy\u0101 philosophy that refers to the identification of Self or Being with 'Nature' or any impermanent 'thing'. It is referred to as ego and evolves from Mahat-tattva, It is one of the four Anta\u1e25kara\u1e47a (functions of the mind). Reference in Bhagavad Gita Aha\u1e41k\u0101ra is one of the four parts of the Antahkarana (inner organ) described in Vedanta; the other three parts include Buddhi, Citta, and Manas. In the Uttara Mimamsa or Vedanta branch of Hindu philosophy, though not extensively discussed in the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna informs Arjuna that Aha\u1e41k\u0101ra, be removed. Krishna mentions that \"Air, water, earth, fire, sky, mind, intelligence and ahankara (ego) together constitute the nature created by me.\" In other words, Aha\u1e41k\u0101ra must subordinate to the Lord. The reasoning provided was that since the self is not (cannot be) perceived when one is in a state of Aha\u1e41k\u0101ra,\n\nThe Castello Maniace is a citadel and castle in Syracuse, Sicily, southern Italy. It is situated at the far point of the Ortygia island promontory, where it was constructed between 1232 and 1240 by the Emperor Frederick II. It bears the name of George Maniakes, the Byzantine general who besieged and took the city in 1038. Originally, one could only enter the castle over a bridge spanning a moat (now filled). A feature of the castle is the decorated portal. Today the castle is open to the public and is a local tourist attraction in Syracuse. History The first fort was built here in 1038 by George Maniakes, an Armenian general and later the Catepan of Italy, after he captured Syracuse from the Arabs on behalf of the Emperor Michael IV. Frederick II, as King of Sicily, had his architect Riccardo da Lentini build it in 1232\u20131240. King Peter III\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Trinity School at River Ridge is.", "output": "Trinity School at River Ridge is a private Christian school in Eagan, Minnesota, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The is a small-sector private railway company operating a railway line in northern Saitama Prefecture, Japan. In addition to its railway operations, the company deals in the real estate and tourism industries. It managed the Mitsumine Ropeway (\u4e09\u5cf0\u30ed\u30fc\u30d7\u30a6\u30a7\u30a4) until it closed in December 2007 and the Mikajiri Line until its closure in 2020. Taiheiyo Cement is its largest shareholder, and one of Chichibu Railway's main operations is the transportation of limestone from Mount Buk\u014d. The railway's passenger services concentrate on the tourism industry, as there are popular destinations along the line. A train hauled by a steam locomotive also operates regularly during some seasons, attracting tourists from around the country. Lines Railway lines Chichibu Main Line: from to (passenger line) Former Lines Mikajiri Line (\u4e09\u30f6\u5c3b\u7dda): from Takekawa Station to Kumagaya Kamotsu Terminal (freight line closed in 2020) Aerial tramway lines Mitsumine Ropeway at Mitsumineguchi (closed in December 2007) History 8\n\nChandraketugarh is a 2,500 years old archaeological site located near the Bidyadhari river, about north-east of Kolkata, India, in the district of North 24 parganas, near the township of Berachampa and the Harua Road railhead. Once it was an important hub of international maritime trade. A museum has been built near the site depicting largely collections of Dilip Kumar Maity, a retired school teacher and amateur archaeologist. Asutosh Museum of Indian Art conducted excavation between 1957 and 1968, which revealed relics of several historical periods, although the chronological classification of the relics remains incomplete. Many of the Chandraketugarh items and terracottas are now in collections of museums in India and abroad; and many of them are a part of private collections. According to some historians, the Chandraketugarh site and surrounding area could be the place known to ancient Greek and Roman writers as having the same name as the river\n\nJapanese whisky is a style of whisky developed and produced in Japan. Whisky production in Japan began around 1870, but the first commercial production was in 1923 upon the opening of the country's first distillery, Yamazaki. Broadly speaking, the style of Japanese whisky is more similar to that of Scotch whisky than other major styles of whisky. There are several companies producing whisky in Japan, but the two best-known and most widely available are Suntory and Nikka. Both of these produce blended as well as single malt whiskies and blended malt whiskies, with their main blended whiskies being Suntory , and Black Nikka Clear. There are also many special bottlings and limited editions. Style The production of Japanese whisky began as a conscious effort to recreate the style of Scotch whisky. Pioneers like Taketsuru carefully studied the process of making Scotch whisky, and went to great lengths in an attempt\n\nQuestion: What is Chichibu Railway?", "output": "The  is a small-sector private railway company operating a railway line in northern Saitama Prefecture, Japan."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Althen-des-Paluds (; Proven\u00e7al: Lei Pal\u00fas or Alten) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur region in southeastern France. The commune is crossed by the river Sorgue. Name of the city The name of Althen-des-Paluds is a homage to Jean Althen. Climate The climate is of Mediterranean type and is characterized by rather hot and dry summers and soft winters. The average temperatures oscillate between 0 and 30\u00b0 according to the season. The record of temperature since the existence of the INRA' station is of 40,5 \u00b0C at the time of the European heat wave of 2003 on August 5 and -12,8 \u00b0C on January 5, 1985. The weather statements are done with Agroparc office of Avignon. Nearby Cities Monteux B\u00e9darrides Entraigues-sur-la-Sorgue Velleron Le Thor Saint-Saturnin-l\u00e8s-Avignon International relations Althen-des-Paluds is twinned with Monte Carlo, Monaco. Gallery See also Communes of the Vaucluse department References Communes of Vaucluse\n\nThe Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI), headquartered at Ballabhgarh in Haryana state, is a statutory advisory body advising the Government of India's Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying (Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying). The AWBI headquarters were previously situated in Chennai. History The Animal Welfare Board of India was established in 1962 under Section 4 of The Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. Well-known humanitarian Rukmini Devi Arundale participated in setting up the board and was its first chair. The Board consists of 28 Members, who serve for a period of 3 years. Its headquarters were in Chennai, and moved to Ballabhgarh in Faridabad district of Haryana in early 2018. The board was initially within the jurisdiction of the Government of India's Ministry of Food and Agriculture. In 1990, the subject of prevention of cruelty to animals was transferred to the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and\n\nBaltasar and Blimunda (, 1982) is a novel by the Nobel Prize-winning Portuguese author Jos\u00e9 Saramago. It is an 18th-century love story intertwined with the construction of the Convent of Mafra, now one of Portugal's chief tourist attractions, as a background. Two young lovers interact naturally with historical characters including the composer and harpsichordist Domenico Scarlatti and the priest Bartolomeu de Gusm\u00e3o, recognized today as an aviation pioneer, all in the shadow of the Inquisition. The lovers are always at center stage wrapped in Saramago's language, which ranges from short simple sentences to surrealistic, unpunctuated paragraphs that help to intensify both the action and the setting. The book served as the basis for the opera Blimunda (1990), composed by Azio Corghi. Critical reception \"Much reverberates in memory after reading this enchanting novel, but most of all the love story which soars over the rest of the action like a flute\n\nQuestion: What's Althen-des-Paluds?", "output": "Althen-des-Paluds is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur region in southeastern France."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The National Teaching Fellowship Scheme (NTFS) is an award for excellence in teaching in higher education for teaching fellows in England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. The scheme was first administered by the Higher Education Academy, which subsequently became Advance HE in 2018. The scheme was started in 2000 and there are now more than 900 national teaching fellows (NTFs) across the UK. In 2016 an additional team award, the Collaborative Award for Teaching Excellence (CATE) was launched. This award recognises teams for their collaborative work and excellent practice in teaching and learning. Awards are made annually from a process that requires applicants to provide an evidenced and endorsed case of their approaches to teaching, and how their work has impacted on teaching and learning in higher education, within their institution and beyond. The application is assessed by three independent reviewers against set criteria. Although the majority of NTF applicants\n\nWadim Zudilin (\u0412\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0412\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0417\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043d) is a Russian mathematician and number theorist who is active in studying hypergeometric functions and zeta constants. He studied under Yuri V. Nesterenko and worked at Moscow State University, the Steklov Institute of Mathematics, the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics and the University of Newcastle, Australia. He now works at the Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands. He has reproved Ap\u00e9ry's theorem that \u03b6(3) is irrational, and expanded it. Zudilin proved that at least one of the four numbers \u03b6(5), \u03b6(7), \u03b6(9), or \u03b6(11) is irrational. For that accomplishment he won the Distinguished Award of the Hardy-Ramanujan Society in 2001. With Doron Zeilberger, Zudilin improved upper bound of irrationality measure for \u03c0, which as of November 2022 is the current best estimate. References External links Wadim Zudilin's homepage Wadim Zudilin's research profile Wadim Zudilin's list of published works Russian mathematicians Number theorists Living people Academic staff\n\nGreenbo Lake State Resort Park in Kentucky is a resort park in the northeastern part of the commonwealth, close to the town of Greenup, Kentucky in Greenup County on Kentucky State Route 1. It features a 36-room lodge named for Greenup County resident and writer Jesse Hilton Stuart, a 63-site campground with 35 primitive sites, a swimming pool with slides, two tennis courts, an 18-hole miniature golf course, an amphitheater and a scuba refuge area. The lodge contains a 232-seat dining room. It is centered on the Greenbo Lake that features a boat dock and marina. There are over of hiking, biking and horseback trails. The park hosts a variety of community events each year including a quilt show, murder mystery dinner theaters, scrapbooking, and a 5K race. References External links Greenbo Lake State Resort Park Kentucky Department of Parks Greenbo Lake State Resort Park American Byways State parks of\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Greenbo Lake State Resort Park is.", "output": "Greenbo Lake State Resort Park in Kentucky is a resort park in the northeastern part of the commonwealth, close to the town of Greenup, Kentucky in Greenup County on Kentucky State Route 1."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Arthur Newton Rupe (born Arthur Goldberg; September 5, 1917 \u2013 April 15, 2022) was an American music executive and record producer. He founded Specialty Records, known for its rhythm and blues, blues, gospel and early rock and roll music recordings, in Los Angeles in 1946. Early years Rupe was born Arthur Goldberg. He was born to a working-class Jewish family on September 5, 1917, in the Pittsburgh suburb of Greensburg, Pennsylvania and grew up in nearby McKeesport. His father was a factory worker who had immigrated from Galicia, and his mother was a housewife born in Pittsburgh. As a boy, he listened to music sung at a local black Baptist church. He attended college at Virginia Tech, Miami University, and University of California, Los Angeles. During World War II, he worked for a shipbuilding company in Los Angeles. Along the way, he changed his surname from Goldberg to Rupe, which\n\nMatthew Lappin (born 17 February 1976) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the St Kilda Football Club and the Carlton Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Lappin played in Chiltern's losing 1992 and 1993 O&KFL senior football grand final sides, alongside his cousin, Nigel Lappin, prior to being picked up at number 40 by St. Kilda in the 1993 AFL Draft. Debuting with St Kilda in 1994, Lappin was known as a half-back flanker. Lappin played in 17 of 22 matches in the 1997 season home and away rounds in which St Kilda qualified in first position for the 1997 Finals Series, winning the club's 2nd minor premiership and 1st McClelland Trophy. At the end of the 1998 season, Lappin moved to Carlton. Where in the first quarter of the club's round 1 match against he took a specky on the goal-line which would\n\nManitok Catherine Thompson (born 1955 Coral Harbour, Northwest Territories) is a politician from northern Canada. She was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Northwest Territories in a by-election held on May 8, 1995 held following the resignation of James Arvaluk. She served the Northwest Territories as the minister of Community and Regional Affairs, until the creation of Nunavut in 1999. In the 1999 Nunavut general election, she was elected as the first member for Rankin Inlet South/Whale Cove until 1999. She served as Nunavut's first female cabinet minister. She retired from territorial level politics in 2004 and ran as an independent candidate in the 2004 Canadian federal election in Nunavut riding. She finished second. External links Rankin Inlet South/Whale Cove profile, copy archived April 19, 2004 Manitok Catherine Thompson biography, copy archived March 23, 2007 1955 births Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories Members of the\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Art Rupe.", "output": "Arthur Newton Rupe was an American music executive and record producer."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Cultural selection theory is the study of cultural change modelled on theories of evolutionary biology. Cultural selection theory has so far never been a separate discipline. However it has been proposed that human culture exhibits key Darwinian evolutionary properties, and \"the structure of a science of cultural evolution should share fundamental features with the structure of the science of biological evolution\". In addition to Darwin's work the term historically covers a diverse range of theories from both the sciences and the humanities including those of Lamark, politics and economics e.g. Bagehot, anthropology e.g. Edward B. Tylor, literature e.g. Ferdinand Bruneti\u00e8re, evolutionary ethics e.g. Leslie Stephen, sociology e.g. Albert Keller, anthropology e.g. Bronislaw Malinowski, Biosciences e.g. Alex Mesoudi, geography e.g. Richard Ormrod, sociobiology and biodiversity e.g. E.O. Wilson, computer programming e.g. Richard Brodie, and other fields e.g. Neoevolutionism, and Evolutionary archaeology. Outline Crozier suggests that Cultural Selection emerges from three bases:\n\nHazeldean Road (Ottawa Road #36) is a major road in Ottawa's west end. This road runs between the junction of Highway 7 west of Stittsville and Eagleson Road in Kanata, where it becomes Robertson Road east of the intersection and proceeds towards Bells Corners in the former city of Nepean, Ontario as a four-lane rural route through the Greenbelt. It was once part of Highway 7 and Highway 15 before the western leg of Highway 417 was completed. Most of the Kanata section of the road is commercial, and includes Hazeldean Mall, (although it actually faces Eagleson Road) a key shopping centre in the Kanata area. It is a four-lane road, with a speed limit between Terry Fox Drive and Eagleson Road. West of Kanata towards Highway 7, it is mostly a two-lane rural route, although work was completed in Spring 2012 to widen the road to four lanes due\n\nCercan\u00edas M\u00e1laga is a commuter rail service between central M\u00e1laga, Spain, and towns in the province. The network consists of of track, with two lines and 24 stations in operation. The trains are powered by overhead lines and run on broad Iberian gauge track. History In 1908 the first line of the Ferrocarriles Suburbanos de M\u00e1laga opened; a metre-gauge rail network connecting M\u00e1laga to V\u00e9lez-M\u00e1laga. This line was later extended to Ventas de Zafarraya, along with lines to Co\u00edn and Fuengirola. The lines closed in stages between 1960 and 1968. Part of the corridor to Fuengirola was rebuilt to 1668 mm Iberian gauge, with some sections placed underground including a re-routing of the line through M\u00e1laga Airport, branded as Cercan\u00edas M\u00e1laga, and opened in 1975. Lines and stations The busiest stations on the network in 2018 were M\u00e1laga-Centro Alameda with 1,525,000 passengers, Fuengirola (1,408,000), M\u00e1laga Mar\u00eda Zambrano (1,375,000), Arroyo de\n\nQuestion: Define Cultural selection theory.", "output": "Cultural selection theory is the study of cultural change modelled on theories of evolutionary biology."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Walter Lee Barnes (January 26, 1918 \u2013 January 6, 1998) was an American football guard and actor who played in National Football League (NFL) for four seasons. He played in the (NFL) for the Philadelphia Eagles and in college at Louisiana State University. Barnes was an actor in both American and European films. He appeared in several films with John Wayne, Lex Barker, and Clint Eastwood. Sports career Barnes earned his nickname of \"Piggy\" from catching a piglet when a boy. Playing football at Parkersburg High School, he was on the unbeaten 1938 team and played in the 1939 North-South Game. Following military service in the United States Army in World War II as a sergeant, Barnes enrolled at Louisiana State University (LSU) where he became not only a football player but a college weightlifting champion. Following graduation he joined the Philadelphia Eagles football team as a guard before retiring\n\nAustan Dean Goolsbee (born August 18, 1969) is an American economist and writer. He is the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Goolsbee formerly served as the Robert P. Gwinn Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business. He was the chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers from 2010 to 2011 and a member of President Barack Obama's cabinet. He served as a member of the Chicago Board of Education from 2018 to 2019. Goolsbee was a member of the Council of Economic Advisers before becoming chair. He was also the Chief economist and chief-of-staff to Paul Volcker at the President's Economic Recovery Advisory Board\u2014the board was formed in the wake of the 2007\u20132008 financial crisis. Early life and education Goolsbee was born in Waco, Texas, the son of Linda Catherine (n\u00e9e Dean) and the late Arthur Leon Goolsbee, a former executive of\n\nThe Lansing Board of Water & Light is a publicly owned, municipal utility that provides electricity and water to the residents of the cities of Lansing and East Lansing, Michigan, and the surrounding townships of Delta, Delhi, Meridian and DeWitt. The Lansing Board of Water & Light also provides steam and chilled water services within the City of Lansing. History The Lansing Board of Water & Light is a municipal utility, owned by the citizens of Lansing, Michigan. The utility's roots go back to 1885, when Lansing citizens approved a $100,000 bond issue to build a water system to provide for drinking water and fire protection. Electricity was added to its list of utility services in 1892, and steam heat in 1919. System Information The Lansing Board of Water & Light has an electric generating capacity of 510 megawatts. The BWL's transmission line voltage is 138,000 volts. The BWL's distribution\n\nQuestion: What's Lansing Board of Water & Light?", "output": "The Lansing Board of Water & Light is a publicly owned, municipal utility that provides electricity and water to the residents of the cities of Lansing and East Lansing, Michigan, and the surrounding townships of Delta, Delhi, Meridian and DeWitt."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Let There Be Rock: The Movie \u2013 Live in Paris is a live double album by the hard rock band AC/DC, released as \"Disc Two\" and \"Disc Three\" of the Bonfire box set in 1997. It is also the soundtrack to the film AC/DC: Let There Be Rock. It is the last album Bon Scott recorded with the band before he died, just two months before his death and was released posthumously. Overview The album was recorded live on 9 December 1979 at the Pavillon de Paris in Paris, France, during their Highway to Hell World Tour. A motion picture of this concert, entitled AC/DC: Let There Be Rock, was released theatrically and on videotape in 1980, and on DVD on 7 June 2011. However, the movie does not contain the performance of \"T.N.T.\" included on this album. The album also does not contain the band interviews found on the\n\nThe Honorable Congress of the State of Sonora () is the legislative branch of the government of the State of Sonora. The Congress is the governmental deliberative body of Sonora, which is equal to, and independent of, the executive. The Congress is unicameral and consists of 33 deputies. 21 deputies are elected on a first-past-the-post basis, one for each district in which the entity is divided, while 12 are elected through a system of proportional representation. Deputies are elected to serve for a three-year term. Since its installation the congress has been renewed 63 times, hence the current session of the Congress of Sonora (whose term lasts from 2021 to 2024) is known as the LXIII Legislature. Electoral Districts of the State of Sonora, Mexico Legislatures of the State of Sonora, Mexico Composition The LXIII Legislature of the Congress of Sonora consists of 33 deputies. History Since 1917 the Congress\n\nis a Japanese curler, born April 5, 1978, in Tokoro, Hokkaido as . She is currently the coach of Sayaka Yoshimura's team from Sapporo, Hokkaido. Career At age 12, Funayama began curling in her hometown Tokoro, Hokkaido, joining Akiko Katoh's junior team together with Ayumi Ogasawara (then Onodera). Funayama mainly played third for the Katoh team. The team represented Japan at four World Junior Curling Championships (1996, 1997, 1998 & 1999), winning a silver medal in 1998 and another silver in 1999. The team later represented Japan at the 2002 Winter Olympics, finishing in 8th place with a 2\u20137 record. After the 2001-2002 season, Funayama moved from Hokkaido to Aomori and formed a new team with her then-teammate Ayumi Ogasawara (then Onodera), who became the skip of the new team. The team represented Japan at the 2006 Winter Olympics, where Funayama played third and Japan finished 7th with a 4\u20135\n\nQuestion: Define Yumie Funayama.", "output": "is a Japanese curler, born April 5, 1978, in Tokoro, Hokkaido as ."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Eric Allen Boe (born October 1, 1964) is a retired United States Air Force fighter pilot, Colonel, test pilot, and a current, active NASA astronaut. He flew as the pilot of Space Shuttle missions STS-126 and STS-133. Early life and education Boe was born in Miami, Florida, and grew up in Atlanta, Georgia. He graduated from Henderson High School, Chamblee, Georgia, in 1983. He was a cadet in the Georgia Wing of the Civil Air Patrol. While a cadet, Eric Boe earned the General Carl A Spaatz Award, the highest award given to Civil Air Patrol cadets. Boe is still a senior member in the Texas Wing of the Civil Air Patrol, along with his son, who recently became a cadet. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in astronautical engineering from the United States Air Force Academy in 1987, and a Master of Science degree in electrical engineering from\n\nIles Braghetto (born 9 March 1953 in San Giorgio delle Pertiche) is an Italian politician from Veneto. Braghetto was a religion teacher in upper secondary schools since 1976 and graduated in modern literature in 1984. Since the years of his youth he was a member of Christian Democracy. Between 1980 and 1985 he was town councillor and deputy mayor of Padua. In 1995 he was elected to the Regional Council of Veneto for the United Christian Democrats. From 1995 through 2000 he was regional minister of Health in Galan I Government. From 2003 to 2005 he was chairman of the Committee overseeing planning, the budget and institutional affairs. In 2005 he entered the European Parliament representing the Union of Christian and Centre Democrats (UDC). During his tenure he was vice-chairman of the Committee on Fisheries and member of the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs, the delegation for relations with\n\nJohn Edyvean was a British engineer from Cornwall who developed an inclined plane system, to reduce the necessity for locks on the UK canal network. In 1773, during the reign of George III, a plan was made to create a canal from Mawgan Porth, through various parishes including St Mawgan, St. Columb Major, Little Colan, and St. Columb Minor, to Porth. The project was meant to convey goods from the coast inland and eventually to the south coast. However, Edyvean died before the project was completed at a cost of \u00a3100,000. An attempt to revive the scheme was made in 1829 by a Mr Retallick of Liskeard, but this too amounted to nothing. Edyvean died in the 1780s. An obituary of the time in a monthly review related: \"In the year 1779 he had finished the canal up to the town of St. columb..... in that year I went with\n\nQuestion: What is John Edyvean", "output": "John Edyvean was a British engineer from Cornwall who developed an inclined plane system, to reduce the necessity for locks on the UK canal network."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "YMCA Camp Lawrence Cory, better known as \"YMCA Camp Cory\" or simply \"Camp Cory,\" is a resident-style summer camp in the Finger Lakes region of upstate New York. It was founded in 1892 and established at its current location in 1921. The name comes from Lt. H. Lawrence Cory, an American World War I soldier who was killed in action. Camp Cory is run by the YMCA and is certified by the American Camp Association (ACA). The 27-acre property is south of the village of Penn Yan, in the town of Milo, New York. It is about an hour south of Rochester, New York and about an hour and a half southwest of Syracuse, New York. The camp occupies a significant amount of waterfront property. Background YMCA Camp Cory is one of the oldest camps in the State of New York; however, its predecessor was a Rochester YMCA camp called\n\nLisandro Arbizu (born September 29, 1971 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine rugby union footballer. He plays at fly-half or inside centre. He began playing for the local traditional club Belgrano Athletic Club and was one of the first Argentine players to migrate into the professional rugby in Europe. He played with four clubs in France: CA Brive, CA Bordeaux-B\u00e8gles Gironde, Section Paloise and Aviron Bayonnais. As of the 2006-07 season, he plays for Italian club Gran Parma Rugby. At only 19 years of age he made his debut against Ireland in October 1990 and has been with Los Pumas since. In 1992 against Spain, he became the country's youngest captain ever at the age of 21. Has earned 86 caps for his national side and has 184 test points (17 tries, 14 penalties, 11 drops and 14 goals). He played in three Rugby World Cup's, in 1991, 1995 and\n\nChempu (SH-15, Kochi-Kumarakom road) is a village near Vaikom in Kottayam, Kerala, India. It is bounded by the shores of the Lake Vembanad, and is crossed by various distributaries of the River Muvattupuzha. Demographics It is inhabited by people of all communities including Arayans, Christians, Dhewars, Ezhavas, Muslims, Nairs and Namboothiris. Etymology The story behind the origin of name of the place is interesting. This place was an area of fishers and most of the population led their livelihood through fishing. The Brahmins who lived here were used to call the fish as 'Champa', consequently developed as Chempu. History Chempu is a historically important place, as it is the birthplace of Chempil Arayan. He was the captain of the army of Veluthampi Dalawa, the Travancore king. He was the first martyr from Tranvancore in the Indian Independence Movement. t The \"Illi fort\", which starts from the north-western corner of Brahmamangalam\n\nQuestion: Define YMCA Camp Cory.", "output": "YMCA Camp Lawrence Cory, better known as \"YMCA Camp Cory\" or simply \"Camp Cory,\" is a resident-style summer camp in the Finger Lakes region of upstate New York."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "WYMY (\"La Ley 101.1\" FM) is a Regional Mexican radio station in Burlington, North Carolina, United States. It serves the Triad and Triangle areas, which includes cities such as Greensboro, Winston-Salem, Raleigh and Durham. In addition the signal goes well north of Danville, Virginia. The outlet, which is owned by Curtis Media Group, claims to have the largest FM radio signal in all of North Carolina, operating with an ERP of 100 kW. The reason for that FM radio signal claim comes from Curtis Media, due to the population covered by the station's signal. The transmitter is located on Bass Mountain in the Cane Creek Mountains in Alamance County, and studios are in Burlington. History WBBB-FM signed on at 101.3 in 1946 as a sister station to WBBB in Burlington, North Carolina. After moving to 101.1, the station became easy listening WNCB. Starting in 1978, WPCM flipped to a country\n\nIn probability theory, a martingale difference sequence (MDS) is related to the concept of the martingale. A stochastic series X is an MDS if its expectation with respect to the past is zero. Formally, consider an adapted sequence on a probability space . is an MDS if it satisfies the following two conditions: , and , for all . By construction, this implies that if is a martingale, then will be an MDS\u2014hence the name. The MDS is an extremely useful construct in modern probability theory because it implies much milder restrictions on the memory of the sequence than independence, yet most limit theorems that hold for an independent sequence will also hold for an MDS. A special case of MDS, denoted as {Xt,t}0 is known as innovative sequence of Sn; where Sn and are corresponding to random walk and filtration of the random processes . In probability theory innovation\n\nJohn Evans, Baron Evans of Parkside (19 October 1930, Belfast \u2013 5 March 2016, London) was a British politician who was a Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP). A former shipyard worker and trade unionist, he served as a member of Hebburn urban district council from 1962 until 1974 (of which he was chairman from 1973 to 1974) and South Tyneside council from 1973 to 1974. Evans was elected to Parliament in the February 1974 general election for the Newton constituency, which he represented until it was abolished for the 1983 election. He then served as MP for the new St Helens North constituency, which partially replaced Newton, until he stood down at the 1997 election, being succeeded by David Watts. On 10 June 1997 he was created a life peer as Baron Evans of Parkside, of St Helens in the County of Merseyside. Evans also served as a member\n\nQuestion: What is Martingale difference sequence", "output": "In probability theory, a martingale difference sequence is related to the concept of the martingale."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The National Center for Appropriate Technology (NCAT) is an American organization headquartered in Butte, Montana, that is dedicated to appropriate technology and sustainability. Projects specifically deal with sustainable energy, sustainable agriculture and food, sustainable living, farm energy, and climate change. The center was created in 1976 by the merger of several energy conservation programs started after the 1973 oil crisis. It carries out projects within the United States, especially in poor rural areas. It has regional offices in Davis, California; Fayetteville, Arkansas; San Antonio, Texas; Jackson, Mississippi; and Keene, New Hampshire. Its headquarters is located in the former Silver Bow County Poor Farm Hospital, which is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. ATTRA Since the farm crisis in the 1980s, NCAT has operated ATTRA (attra.ncat.org), the National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service. The program goal is to provide technical assistance to farmers throughout the nation in succeeding with\n\nCriolla is a genre of Cuban music which is closely related to the music of the Cuban Coros de Clave and a genre of Cuban popular music called Clave. The Clave became a very popular genre in the Cuban vernacular theater and was created by composer Jorge Anckermann based on the style of the Coros de Clave. The Clave served, in turn, as a model for the creation of a new genre called Criolla. According to musicologist Helio Orovio, \"Carmela\", the first Criolla, was composed by Luis Casas Romero in 1909, which also created one of the most famous Criollas of all times, \"El Mamb\u00ed\". Like the Clave and the Guajira (music), the formal structure of the Criolla consist of a brief introduction, followed by two sections of 16 measures each. The first one in a minor tone, and the second one in its major direct relative. The essential rhythm\n\nIn Zapotec cultures of Oaxaca (southern Mexico), a muxe (also spelled muxhe; ) is a person assigned male at birth who dresses and behaves in ways otherwise associated with women; they may be seen as a third gender. Etymology The Zapotec word is thought to derive from the Spanish word for \"woman\", . In the 16th-century, the letter x had a sound similar to \"sh\" (see ). Gender and identity in Zapotec culture In contrast to Mexico's majority mestizo culture, the Isthmus of Tehuantepec has a predominantly Zapotec population, one of the country's indigenous peoples. It is widely reported that muxe face less hostility there than homosexual, effeminate males, and trans women do elsewhere in Mexico. One study estimates that 6 percent of males in an Isthmus Zapotec community in the early 1970s were muxe. Other Zapotec communities, outside the Isthmus, have similar third gender roles, such as the biza'ah\n\nQuestion: Tell me what National Center for Appropriate Technology is.", "output": "The National Center for Appropriate Technology is an American organization headquartered in Butte, Montana, that is dedicated to appropriate technology and sustainability."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dirleton Castle is a medieval fortress in the village of Dirleton, East Lothian, Scotland. It lies around west of North Berwick, and around east of Edinburgh. The oldest parts of the castle date to the 13th century, and it was abandoned by the end of the 17th century. Begun in around 1240 by John De Vaux, the castle was heavily damaged during the Wars of Scottish Independence, when it was twice taken by the English. In the 14th century, Dirleton was repaired by the Haliburton family, and it was acquired by the Ruthvens in 1505. The Ruthvens were involved in several plots against Mary, Queen of Scots, and King James VI, and eventually forfeited the castle in 1600. Dirleton ceased to be a residence, although Oliver Cromwell was forced to besiege the castle to flush out a band of \"mosstroopers\" (marauders), during the Third English Civil War in 1650. The\n\nBerkovi\u0107i () is a village and municipality located in southern Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 2,114 inhabitants. Geography The municipality is located in the westernmost part of East Herzegovina. History The municipality was created in 1995, after the Bosnian War, out of the Republika Srpska-controlled portions of the pre-war municipality of Stolac (now in Federation of B&H). The village was struck by a big earthquake on April 22, 2022 with a magnitude of 5.7 on the Richter scale. Settlements Aside from the town of Berkovi\u0107i, the municipality includes the following settlements: Bitunja Br\u0161tanik Dabrica Hatelji Ljubljenica Ljuti Do Me\u010da Predolje Poplat Strupi\u0107i Seli\u0161ta Suzina \u0160\u0107epan Krst Trusina \u017degulja Berkovi\u0107i also contains parts of the following settlements: Barane Burmazi Do Hodovo Hrgud Demographics Population Ethnic composition Economy The municipality is underdeveloped and much of the economic activity is agricultural. See\n\nThe Fisher School of Accounting is the accounting school at the University of Florida. History In 1977, the School of Accounting was established by the Florida Board of Regents as a separate school within the Warrington College of Business, and was endowed in 1985 by Frederick Fisher. Dr. John Simmons was the founding Director of the Fisher School. The School first conferred degrees in accounting in December 1978 although accounting has existed as a program in some form since 1928. Rankings According to the 2020 US News Rankings, The Fisher School of Accounting's undergraduate accounting program was ranked 11th overall nationally amongst private and public universities and the graduate program was ranked 17th overall. The School publishes the Journal of Accounting Literature and is home to the International Accounting and Auditing Center. Fisher School of Accounting graduates' pass rate on the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) exam has been traditionally nearly\n\nQuestion: What's Fisher School of Accounting?", "output": "The Fisher School of Accounting is the accounting school at the University of Florida."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Joseph Charles Fowell (2 August 1891 \u2013 3 July 1970) was a prominent Australian 20th century architect. Renown for his ecclesiastical architecture, Fowell was primarily responsible for the design of over forty churches in New South Wales and Victoria, including Catholic churches at (1937), (1939) and (1941). Born in Albany, Western Australia and educated in England, Fowell returned to Australia in 1919 where he worked with Professor Leslie Wilkinson at Sydney University. In 1926 Fowell became an assistant to Henry Budden. Fowell created a number of architectural partnerships including: Fowell and McConnel: 1928-1939, with Kenneth McConnel Fowell and Mansfield: 1939-1946 with J. L. S. Mansfield Fowell, Mansfield & Maclurcan: 1946-1962 with D. C. B. Maclurcan Fowell, Mansfield, Jarvis & Maclurcan: 1962-1970 with O. R. Jarvi Notable works References Bibliography Australian Dictionary of Biography Father Laurie Bent, St Augustines, Yass, 2006. External links Royal Australian Institute of Architects Sulman Awards About\n\nKirsty Child is an Australian character actress, known for her roles in the television series Prisoner and Neighbours. Biography Child had several character parts in the Crawford Productions TV staples. Her film roles include Country Town in 1971 and in the classic 1975 Australian film adaptation of the Joan Lindsay novel Picnic at Hanging Rock. Child had three roles in drama series Prisoner. The first two were guest roles, Anne Yates in 1979, a prison officer turned drug dealer and Glynis Johnson in 1983, the sister of an inmate. In 1985, she returned in a more prominent role as supercilious fence Willie Beecham who returned at the end of the series' run in 1986. In 1989, she had a leading role in the drama series Inside Running. Other television guest roles included Cop Shop and Blue Heelers. In 2002, featured in the Australian soap opera Neighbours as Carmel Tyler, the\n\nAriel Misick (born 1951) is a Turks and Caicos Islands politician and former minister of development and commerce. He served on a four-member interim Advisory Council from July 1986 to 3 March 1988 after two previous Chief Ministers were forced to resign and ministerial government in the territory was suspended. He is now a partner at the law firm of Misick & Stanbrook. Misick was a member of the National Democratic Alliance. Ariel practices in Civil and Commercial Litigation and Constitutional Law and also in the area of Trusts Law, Banking, and Corporate and Commercial. He founded the firm in 1981. Ariel is the most senior advocate in the Turks and Caicos Islands and has extensive experience in Turks and Caicos and also in England appearing as an advocate in various appeals before the Privy Council. Ministerial government resumed after elections were held in early 1988. References 1951 births Living\n\nQuestion: What is Kirsty Child?", "output": "Kirsty Child is an Australian character actress, known for her roles in the television series Prisoner and Neighbours."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "William Batchelder Bradbury (October 6, 1816 \u2013 January 7, 1868) was a musician who composed the tune to \"Jesus Loves Me\" and many other popular hymns. Biography He was born on October 6, 1816, in York, Maine, where his father was the leader of a church choir. He had a brother, Edward G. Bradbury. He moved with his parents to Boston and met Lowell Mason, and by 1834 was known as an organist. In 1840, he began teaching in Brooklyn, New York. In 1847 he went to Germany, where he studied harmony, composition, and vocal and instrumental music with the best masters. In 1854, he started the Bradbury Piano Company, with his brother, Edward G. Bradbury in New York City. William Bradbury is best known as a composer and publisher of a series of musical collections for choirs and schools. He was the author and compiler of fifty-nine books starting\n\nJagaddal is a locality in Bhatpara Municipality of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). It is also a manufacturing hub of jute industry , there are 7 big jute mills in this city. History \"We can find the name of jagaddal as a village as long as 460 years ago in written records but the place is thought to be more 100 to 150 years older or maybe even much more than that. Bipradas Pipalai (1545 AD) in his work \"Manasha Mangal\" tells us through his protagonist character \"Chand Sadagar\" about Jagatdal. Chand Saudagar mentions in his \"Kabi Kankan Chandi\", Jagaddal as one of the places passed by him in his voyage down the Bhagirathi (the Hooghly) and where he saw many palatial buildings built by Brahmins and Kayasthas. Haldars were\n\nTian Yi (, 1534 - 1605) was a eunuch serving at the imperial court of the Ming Dynasty. He served under the Jiajing, the Longqing, and the Wanli emperors for a total of 63 years and eventually rose to a high position in the court, overseeing the Directorate of Ceremonies (\"Master of the Seal in charge of rituals ) which ranked first among the twelve eunuch directorates. By the time of this death, he had become the favorite eunuch of the Wanli emperor. Tian Yi was born in Shaanxi Province and was castrated at age 9. He entered the imperial court immediately afterwards. When he died in 1605, the Wanli Emperor ordered three days of mourning and the construction of a tomb with many features of an imperial mausoleum to commemorate him. Tomb Tian Yi's tomb () has a traditional layout in which a spirit way serves as a central\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Jagatdal is.", "output": "Jagaddal is a locality in Bhatpara Municipality of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Do\u011fan\u00e7ay (; ) is a rural neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Midyat, Mardin Province in southeastern Turkey. It is located in the historical region of Tur Abdin. It is populated by Assyrians and by Kurds of the Zaxuran tribe. The village had a population of 159 in 2021. History The Church of Mor Yuhannon in Mzizah was constructed in the 6th century and the village is first mentioned in 1296. In the early 18th century AD, Assyrians from the village of Ain Wardo settled in Mzizah. Later, Assyrians from the villages of Zaz, Kfarbe, Bashoq, Urnus, Rowen, and Merin also settled in Mzizah. The village also experienced an influx of Yazidis from nearby Kefnas in the 1870s. In 1915, during the Assyrian genocide, the majority of the Assyrian population of the village fled to Ain Wardo, where they remained for fifty days until a truce was agreed and\n\nDavid Michie OBE, RSA, PSSA, FRSA, RGI (30 November 1928 \u2013 24 August 2015) was a Scottish artist of international stature. Life The third son of the architect and painter James Beattie Michie, and the renowned Scottish artist Anne Redpath, he was born in 1928 in Saint-Rapha\u00ebl, in the Var d\u00e9partement in the south of France. David was the younger brother of the painter and sculptor Alastair Michie, His father had a position there as private architect to Charles Thomson, a wealthy American, and the Michie family lived in the boathouse of his villa, the Chateau Gloria. After Charles Thomson suffered losses in the Crash of 1929, the decline in his fortunes eventually brought an end to the Michie family's life there, and in 1934 David returned with his mother and brothers to Hawick, his mother's home town in the Scottish Borders. From the age of six he attended primary\n\nGossamer Wump is a children's record, published in 1949 by Capitol Records, about a boy who learns to play the triangle. The story is narrated by Frank Morgan, a Hollywood actor best known for his role as the Wizard in the classic film The Wizard of Oz, with music by Billy May, and written by Hollywood screenwriters Roger Price and Helen Mack. The character of Gossamer Wump is voiced by June Foray, the prolific voice artist who is perhaps best known as the voice of \"Rocket J. Squirrel\" in The Rocky & Bullwinkle Show. The story is of a little boy named Gossamer Wump (a boy \"with red hair, one blue eye, one green eye, and freckles all over - even his face\") who learns to play the triangle to start a musical career. He makes unsuccessful musical attempts at Gaylord Gout's dance club, and then again with Stanislav Hudnut's\n\nQuestion: Who is David Michie?", "output": "David Michie OBE, RSA, PSSA, FRSA, RGI was a Scottish artist of international stature."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lage Vuursche () is a village in the municipality of Baarn in the Netherlands. It lies about west of Soest, surrounded by woods, in the province of Utrecht. In 2001 the village of Lage Vuursche had 139 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was 0.04 km\u00b2, and contained 61 residences. The slightly larger statistical district of Lage Vuursche has about 210 inhabitants. Until 1857 the village was a separate municipality, under the name De Vuursche, together with the small hamlet Hoge Vuursche. It then merged with the municipality of Baarn. The castle Drakensteyn, since February 2014 residence again of Princess Beatrix, is situated just east of the village. Her son Prince Friso is buried in the graveyard beside the moated manor. Apart from the royal family the most famous person from Lage Vuursche is athlete Fanny Blankers-Koen, four times gold medalist in the 1948 Summer Olympics. References External links\n\nA spin ice is a magnetic substance that does not have a single minimal-energy state. It has magnetic moments (i.e. \"spin\") as elementary degrees of freedom which are subject to frustrated interactions. By their nature, these interactions prevent the moments from exhibiting a periodic pattern in their orientation down to a temperature much below the energy scale set by the said interactions. Spin ices show low-temperature properties, residual entropy in particular, closely related to those of common crystalline water ice. The most prominent compounds with such properties are dysprosium titanate (Dy2Ti2O7) and holmium titanate (Ho2Ti2O7). The orientation of the magnetic moments in spin ice resembles the positional organization of hydrogen atoms (more accurately, ionized hydrogen, or protons) in conventional water ice (see figure 1). Experiments have found evidence for the existence of deconfined magnetic monopoles in these materials, with properties resembling those of the hypothetical magnetic monopoles postulated to exist\n\nAnabaptism (from Neo-Latin , from the Greek : 're-' and 'baptism', , earlier also ) is a Christian movement which traces its origins to the Radical Reformation. The early Anabaptists formulated their beliefs in a confession of faith called the Schleitheim Confession. In 1527, Michael Sattler presided over a meeting at Schleitheim (in the Canton of Schaffhausen, on the Swiss-German border), where Anabaptist leaders drew up the Schleitheim Confession of Faith (doc. 29). Sattler was arrested and executed soon afterwards. Anabaptist groups varied widely in their specific beliefs, but the Schleitheim Confession represents foundational Anabaptist beliefs as well as any single document can. Anabaptists believe that baptism is valid only when candidates freely confess their faith in Christ and request to be baptized. This believer's baptism is opposed to baptism of infants, who are not able to make a conscious decision to be baptized. Anabaptists trace their heritage to the\n\nQuestion: What is Lage Vuursche?", "output": "Lage Vuursche is a village in the municipality of Baarn in the Netherlands."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Dragon Hunters (French: Chasseurs de dragons) is an animated fantasy comedy television series created by Arthur Qwak and produced by the French company Futurikon and Tooncan. It follows the adventures of two hunters for hire through a medieval world of floating land masses that is terrorized by a widely varying menace of monsters known collectively as dragons. A 3-D feature film and a videogame based on the same creative universe have also been released. Plot Set in a Medieval world made of Floating Land Masses, two men, Gwizdo and Lian-Chu, are professional dragon hunters who have known each other since they were children. Perpetually flat broke, they are forced to continually stay at the Snoring Dragon Inn until they can get another dragon-hunting contract to pay their rent. The proprietress of the inn is Jeanneline, a three-time divorcee with two daughters, one of whom is also a professional dragon hunter\n\nSocialism: Utopian and Scientific is a short book first published in 1880 by German-born socialist Friedrich Engels. The work was primarily extracted from a longer polemic work published in 1878, Anti-D\u00fchring. It first appeared in the French language. The title Socialism: Utopian and Scientific was adopted for the first English edition \u2014 the tenth language in which the book appeared. Intended as a popularization of Marxist ideas for a working class readership, the book was one of the fundamental publications of the international socialist movement during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, selling tens of thousands of copies and books. Background Throughout the decade of the 1860s, Karl Marx, close personal friend and political associate of Friedrich Engels, dedicated himself to the study of economics, culminating in the publication of the first volume of Das Kapital in 1867. Marx's lengthy and ponderous volume was extremely difficult for the average\n\nKaija Marja Mustonen (born 4 August 1941) is a former speed skater from Finland. After winning silver and bronze at the 1964 Winter Olympics of Innsbruck, Mustonen went on to win gold and silver at the 1968 Winter Olympics of Grenoble. This was the only Finnish gold medal at those games and the last Olympic gold for Finland in speed skating up to at least 2015. Her Olympic performance was acknowledged by naming her Finnish female athlete of the year in 1964 and 1968. She competed in ten World Allround Championships from 1958 to 1968 (every year except 1959), but never won a medal in the final classification \u2013 a fourth place in 1964 being her best result. She did win four distance medals though, all bronze, in the days when there was not yet a separate world championship for each distance. Nationally, she won seven all-around titles between 1962\n\nQuestion: What's Socialism: Utopian and Scientific?", "output": "Socialism: Utopian and Scientific is a short book first published in 1880 by German-born socialist Friedrich Engels."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ghazi Stadium (; ) is a multi-purpose stadium located in eastern Kabul, Afghanistan, which is mainly used for association football matches. It is sometimes called by other names such as the Afghan Football Federation Stadium. It was built during the reign of King Amanullah Khan in 1923, who is regarded as Ghazi (Hero) for the Afghan victory in the Third Anglo-Afghan War and gaining independence for his nation after the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919. The stadium has capacity to house 25,000 people after the installation of seats. The Ghazi Stadium was renovated in 2011 after the entire ground was removed and replaced with new soil and artificial turf placed on top. The stadium now holds bigger sporting events. Events The first international match played inside Ghazi Stadium was a football (soccer) match between Afghanistan and Iran on January 1, 1941, the game was a draw with neither team scoring. In\n\nTustin Legacy is a planned community in Tustin, California being developed on the former Marine Corps Air Station Tustin. The project, under construction, will include parks, a commercial retail center and various densities of housing, for a total of 4,600 units. The district includes 4,049 units of housing within Tustin's jurisdiction, and over nine million square feet of commercial and institutional development. Commercial The project's main shopping center, named \"The District\", opened in August 2007. It covers an area of . The Village at Tustin Legacy is a 22-acre retail neighborhood retail center developed by Regency Centers. It features a Stater Brothers grocery store, a CVS Pharmacy, and additional shops restaurants, and offices. It will be located next to Columbus Square, bounded by Edinger, Tustin Ranch, Valencia and Kensington Park. Institutional In September 2007, the Orange County Sheriff's Regional Training Academy opened on the corner of Warner Avenue and Armstrong\n\n\"Crashed the Wedding\" is a song by English pop punk band Busted. It was written by James Bourne and McFly's Tom Fletcher and produced by Steve Power. It was released in Japan on 8 November 2003 and in the United Kingdom on 10 November as the lead single from Busted's second studio album, A Present for Everyone (2003). \"Crashed the Wedding\" became Busted's second single to reach number one on the UK Singles Chart, with first week sales of 55,000, as well as the final UK number one single to be available on cassette. The song is loosely based on the wedding scene in the 1967 film The Graduate and the line \"I'm so rushed off my feet, looking for Gordon Street\" is a reference to the 1993 film Wayne's World 2. The song was nominated for the People's Choice Award at the 2004 Music Vision Awards. Music video The\n\nQuestion: What is Crashed the Wedding", "output": "\"Crashed the Wedding\" is a song by English pop punk band Busted."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The San Diego Asian Film Festival (SDAFF) is an annual event organized by Pacific Arts Movement (formerly the San Diego Asian Film Foundation) that takes place every November in San Diego, California. Background SDAFF is the flagship event for the non-profit organization Pacific Arts Movement (Pac-Arts, formerly the San Diego Asian Film Foundation), which also puts on several other arts and culture events throughout the year. The mission of Pacific Arts Movement is to present Pan Asian media arts to San Diego residents and visitors in order to inspire, entertain and support a more compassionate society. Throughout the year, Pacific Arts Movement offers student internships, cultural literacy programs with local high schools and colleges, and a high school filmmaker project entitled \u201cReel Voices.\u201d Pacific Arts Movement also teams up with several movie production and marketing companies to promote both independent and mainstream films that are inline with the mission of\n\nRichard Schaal (; May 5, 1928 \u2013 November 4, 2014) was an American film and television actor born in Chicago, Illinois. Career In 1962, Schaal joined Chicago's famed Second City, becoming skilled in sketch and improvisational comedy. He was featured in a number of episodes of the 1970s sitcoms The Mary Tyler Moore Show (where he played no fewer than four different characters: Howard Arnell, his brother Paul, Chuckles the Clown and Dino), The Bob Newhart Show (as three characters: Don Fezler, Don Livingston and Chuck Brock), Rhoda (as Charlie Burke) and Phyllis (23 episodes as Leo Heatherton). His earliest appearance with Mary Tyler Moore was in the 1966 Dick Van Dyke Show episode \"Dear Sally Rogers\" (billed as Dick Schaal). In both The Mary Tyler Moore Show and Rhoda, the actor played alongside his then-wife, actress Valerie Harper. In 1983, he had a recurring role in Just Our Luck.\n\nThe Ontario Rugby Football Union (ORFU) was an early amateur Canadian football league comprising teams in the Canadian province of Ontario. The ORFU was founded on Saturday, January 6, 1883 and in 1903 became the first major competition to adopt the Burnside rules, from which the modern Canadian football code would evolve. History W. A. Hewitt was vice-president of the ORFU for the 1905 and 1906 seasons, and a representative of the Toronto Argonauts. He sought for ORFU to have uniform rules of play with the Canadian Rugby Union (CRU), with a preference to use the snap-back system of play used in Ontario. When the CRU did not adopt the system, his motion was approved for the ORFU to adopt the CRU rules in 1906. In December 1906, The Gazette reported that a proposal originated from Ottawa for the ORFU and the Quebec Rugby Football Union to merge, which would\n\nQuestion: Define Richard Schaal.", "output": "Richard Schaal was an American film and television actor born in Chicago, Illinois."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Broc\u0113ni (; ) is a town in Saldus Municipality in the Courland region of Latvia. The town is situated along the river Ciecere, near lake Cieceres, which contains a large deposit of limestone, which is used in the manufacturing of cement. From 2009 to 2021, the town was the center of Broc\u0113ni Municipality. A Portland cement and slate factory, currently the only one in Latvia, was built from 1936 to 1938 by the Riga-based A/S Ch. Schmit cement factory of H. H. \u0160mits. The initial capacity was 60 thousand tons of cement per year. In 1948, during the Soviet occupation of Latvia, operations were expanded with the start of the nationalized Broc\u0113ni Cement and Roofing Slate Plant, Broc\u0113ni Lime Plant and Saldus Brick Plant. After the restoration of the independence of Latvia, the factory continued work and in 2005 was acquired by Cemex. In 2019, Cemex sold its assets in\n\nRafa is a masculine given name, mostly as a diminutive form (hypocorism) of Rafael. It may refer to: People Rafael Nadal (born 1986), Spanish tennis player Rafa (footballer, born 1985), Spanish footballer Rafael L\u00f3pez G\u00f3mez Rafael Ben\u00edtez (born 1960), Spanish football manager and former player Rafa Cabrera-Bello (born 1984), Spanish golfer Rafa G\u00e1lvez (born 1993), Spanish footballer Rafa Gil (born 1975), Spanish football manager Rafa G\u00f3mez (born 1983), Spanish footballer Rafa (footballer, born 1970), Spanish retired football goalkeeper Rafa Jord\u00e0 (born 1984), Spanish footballer Rafa Luz (born 1992), Spanish basketball player Rafael M\u00e1rquez (born 1979), Mexican footballer Rafa Mart\u00ednez (born 1982), Spanish basketball player Rafa Mir (born 1997), Spanish footballer Rafa Navarro (footballer, born 1994), Spanish footballer Rafael P\u00e1ez (born 1994), Spanish footballer Rafa P\u00e9rez (born 1990), Colombian footballer Rafael Ponzo (born 1978), Venezuelan football goalkeeper Rafa Rodr\u00edguez (born 2003), Spanish footballer Rafa Silva (born 1993), Portuguese footballer Rafa Soares\n\nThe hairy-footed flying squirrel (Belomys pearsonii) is a flying squirrel found in the mountains of the eastern Himalaya, Southeast Asia, southern China, and the island of Taiwan. It lives at elevations of above sea level. The fur is red-brown on the top and white at the bottom. Characteristic are the long hair at the feet, which even covers the claws to protect against the cold in the higher altitudes. The body has a length of about 22 cm; the tail is another 13 cm long. Taxonomy and systematics As hairy-footed flying squirrel is related to the complex-toothed flying squirrel, some taxonomists have included the species to the genus Trogopterus. However, its status as distinct genus is now generally accepted. The species is named after John Thomas Pearson. There are four subspecies: Belomys pearsonii pearsonii, B. m. blandus, B. m. kaleensis, and B. m. trichotis. B. m. kaleensis is endemic to\n\nQuestion: What's Rafa?", "output": "Rafa is a masculine given name, mostly as a diminutive form of Rafael."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Michael Dokeianos (), erroneously called Doukeianos by some modern writers, was a Byzantine nobleman and military leader, who married into the Komnenos family. He was active in Sicily under George Maniakes before going to Southern Italy as Catepan of Italy in 1040\u201341. He was recalled after being twice defeated in battle during the Lombard-Norman revolt of 1041, a decisive moment in the eventual Norman conquest of southern Italy. He is next recorded in 1050, fighting against a Pecheneg raid in Thrace. He was captured during battle but managed to maim the Pecheneg leader, after which he was put to death and mutilated. Biography The family name of Dokeianos is considered to derive from Dok[e]ia in the Armeniac Theme. The family only came into prominence in the mid-11th century, with Michael one of the first to be mentioned. He is generally considered as the Dokeianos who married an unnamed daughter of\n\nJoy to Great Caesar was a Royalist and anti-Catholic political song written by Thomas D'Urfey during the reign of Charles II of England. D'Urfey, a Tory by sympathies, set his own lyrics to the tune of Farinel's Ground by Michel Farinelli, in which he criticized Catholic political designs and praised the King. D'Urfey's friend Joseph Addison later claimed that the success of the song so damaged the political prospects of the Whigs that they never recovered during the reign of Charles II, and that by using the music of the Catholic composer Farinelli for his anti-Catholic lyrics, D'Urfey had turned a considerable part of the Pope's music against himself. Macaulay described the song as \"a loyal ode, which had lately been written by Durfey, and which, though like all Durfey's writings, utterly contemptible, was, at that time, almost as popular as Lillibullero became a few years later.\" He also recorded\n\nThe Oaklawn Handicap is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually in April at Oaklawn Park Race Track in Hot Springs, Arkansas. A Grade II event raced on dirt, since 1984 it has been contested over a distance of miles (9 furlongs). It used to be raced at miles (8.5 furlongs). Records Track record: (at current distance of miles) 1:46 3/5 \u2013 Snow Chief (1987) (New race and track record) Most wins: 2 \u2013 Styrunner (1957, 1959) 2 \u2013 Gay Revoke (1964, 1965) Most wins by a jockey: 5 \u2013 Pat Day (1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 2001) Most wins by a trainer: 4 \u2013 D. Wayne Lukas (1985, 1989, 2005, 2014) Most wins by an owner: 4 \u2013 Allen E. Paulson (1990, 1995, 1996, 2000) Winners since 1969 * \u2020 In 2009, It's a Bird won the race but was later disqualified after testing positive for trace levels of naproxen,\n\nQuestion: What's Oaklawn Handicap?", "output": "The Oaklawn Handicap is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually in April at Oaklawn Park Race Track in Hot Springs, Arkansas."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Halmidi is a small village in the Hassan district of Karnataka state, India, near the temple town of Belur. Halmidi is best known as the place where the oldest known inscription exclusively in Kannada language, the Halmidi inscription, was discovered. Anterior to this, many inscriptions with Kannada words have been discovered, such as Brahmagiri edict of 230 BCE of Emperor Ashoka. However, this is the first full length inscription in Kannada. This inscription is generally known as the Halmidi inscription and consists of sixteen lines carved on a sandstone slab. It has been dated to 450 CE and demonstrates that Kannada was used as a language of administration at that time. The inscription is in primitive Kannada with distinctive characteristics attributed to those of Proto-Kannada and uses Kannada script similar to Brahmi characters. Halmidi village is located between Chikmagalur city and Belur town. In recognition of the cultural importance of\n\nMill Meece Pumping Station is a pumping station, located in the village of Mill Meece in Staffordshire, England. Its function, powered by steam engines, was to pump water from boreholes to a reservoir in Hanchurch, from which it flows by gravity to supply the Potteries area. Description Mill Meece pumping station lies approximately 5 miles west of Stone. It is the second pumping station to be constructed in the area, the first being three miles to the north in the village of Hatton. There are four boreholes on the Mill Meece site from which water is lifted. Water is raised at Mill Meece by lift pumps which deliver water to an underground tank. From there the water is lifted further by ram pumps. Both the lift and ram pumps are powered by two horizontal tandem compound Corliss valve engines using steam raised by three Lancashire boilers. The efficiency of steam-raising\n\nMikel Alonso Olano (, ; born 17 May 1980) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a midfielder. He spent most of his career at Real Sociedad, making 110 appearances and scoring four goals over seven seasons. He totalled 132 games and three goals in La Liga for that club and CD Tenerife, while also recording 48 matches and four goals in Segunda Divisi\u00f3n for the latter and Numancia. Additionally, Alonso had two brief spells in England, finishing his career at Real Uni\u00f3n. Club career Real Sociedad A product of Real Sociedad's youth ranks, as was younger brother Xabi, Alonso was born in Tolosa, Gipuzkoa, and made his debut in La Liga on 22 April 2001 against Real Valladolid (seven minutes played, 3\u20131 home win). However, the presence of his sibling and Mikel Aranburu in central midfield meant that he was restricted to a supporting role, and he was\n\nQuestion: What's Mill Meece Pumping Station?", "output": "Mill Meece Pumping Station is a pumping station, located in the village of Mill Meece in Staffordshire, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Corsiaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The APG II system (2003) treats the family in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. This is a slight change from the APG system, of 1998, which left the family unplaced as to order, but did assign it also to the monocots. Taxonomy The family is usually taken to include three genera, Corsia, Corsiopsis, and Arachnitis with a total of 27 known species. As the members of this family are achlorophyllous non-autotrophic herbs (i.e. they are not green, and do not photosynthesize) they have sometimes been included in the family Burmanniaceae which, however, according to APG II is not even in the same order. The APG companion site cites a reference which suggests the family should consist of Corsia only, with Arachnitis better placed nearer to family Burmanniaceae. Corsiopsis, like Arachnitis a monotypic genus, has been described recently. Genera and species\n\nWe'wha (1849\u20131896, various spellings) was a Zuni Native American from New Mexico, a notable fiber artist, weaver and potter. As the most famous lhamana on record, We'wha served as a cultural ambassador for Native Americans in general, and the Zuni in particular, serving as a contact point and educator for many European-American settlers, teachers, soldiers, missionaries, and anthropologists. In 1886, We'wha was part of the Zuni delegation to Washington, D.C.; during that visit, We'wha met President Grover Cleveland. In traditional Zuni culture, the lhamana are male-bodied people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. They are also known to serve as mediators. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the modern, pan-Indian two-spirit community. We'wha's\n\n\"Ne ver', ne boysia\" () also known as \"Ne ver', ne boisia, i ne prosi\" (, \"Don't believe, don't fear and don't ask\") is a song by t.A.T.u., which they performed at Eurovision Song Contest 2003 representing . Production The title of the song is based on a Russian prison saying, which entered Russian mainstream culture due to Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's book The Gulag Archipelago. The term has also been interpreted as a reference to the repression faced by the LGBTQ community. According to Australian-born Mars Lasar, the song was produced by him and Ivan Shapovalov by sending MP3s over the internet to each other, with Lasar in the U.S. and Shapovalov in Russia. There are several versions of the song, including the promotional version that was used for Eurovision promotions. Release The song was first released on the UK Maxi single for \"Not Gonna Get Us\" on May 19, 2003.\n\nQuestion: What is Ne ver', ne boysia?", "output": "\"Ne ver', ne boysia\" also known as \"Ne ver', ne boisia, i ne prosi\" is a song by t.A.T.u., which they performed at Eurovision Song Contest 2003 representing ."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Roosevelt Park Zoo is a zoo in Minot, North Dakota. It is the oldest zoo in North Dakota. The zoo is open year-round with limited hours during the winter. New big cat habitats for lions, Amur Tigers, and Amur Leopards respectively have been built recently to replace the outdated feline house built after the flood of 1969. History Early years Roosevelt Park Zoo opened in 1921 and the first animal exhibition featured the American Bison. Management In 1970, the zoo was separated from the city-owned Roosevelt Park and the Greater Minot Zoological Society was created to operate the zoo. Today, the zoo is part of the Minot Park District and the GMZS still exists as a 501-c charity to support the zoo. Floods The flood of 1969 caused every bird and animal to be moved from the zoo, which led to the redesign of the zoo grounds. A foot\n\nJames Burton Loken (born May 21, 1940) is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit since 1990. Education and legal training Loken earned his Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison in 1962 and his Juris Doctor from Harvard Law School in 1965. After law school, he clerked for Judge J. Edward Lumbard of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1965 to 1966 and for Associate Justice Byron White of the United States Supreme Court from 1966 to 1967. Professional career Loken was in private practice in Minneapolis, Minnesota from 1967 to 1970. He was General Counsel to the President's Committee on Consumer Interests in 1970 and a staff assistant to President Richard M. Nixon from 1970 to 1972. Loken returned to private practice in Minneapolis from 1973 to 1990 with the white shoe\n\nVila Nova de Foz C\u00f4a () is a city and a municipality in the district of Guarda, Portugal. The population in 2011 was 7,312, in an area of . The city population is around 3,300. Main rivers in the municipal territory include the Douro and the C\u00f4a. The municipality includes parts in the C\u00f4a Valley Archaeological site, declared by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, which partially shares with Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo and Pinhel also located in the Guarda district. The closest railway station is Pocinho, now the eastern terminus of the Douro railway line. This line (in Portuguese: Linha do Douro) has passenger trains services from Pocinho to Tua, Peso da R\u00e9gua, Livra\u00e7\u00e3o, Marco de Canaveses, Penafiel, Paredes, Ermesinde (for connections to Braga, Guimar\u00e3es, Viana do Castelo, Rio Tinto and Porto). History Vila Nova de Foz C\u00f4a received its first charter in 1299, granted by D. Dinis, having\n\nQuestion: Who is James B. Loken", "output": "James Burton Loken is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit since 1990."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "St Johns is a district around the station of the same name in south-east London. It lies within the Borough of Lewisham and borders the Royal Borough of Greenwich. It makes up the northwestern part of Lewisham along with Telegraph Hill. St John's is noted for its mid 19th-century housing, constructed as Deptford New Town, and protected as the Brookmill Road and St John's Conservation Areas since 1972 and 1976 respectively. It was also the site in 1957 of one of Britain's worst railway disasters. Etymology The district is named after the dedication of the Church of England parish church of St John, Deptford that was established in 1855. The church lies at the top of the hill, almost adjacent to the railway station which borrowed its name. The area encompasses streets between Brookmill Road and Lewisham Way, bound by Friendly Street in the west and railway embankments in the\n\nThomas Hearne (4 September 1826 \u2013 13 May 1900) was an English professional cricketer who played for Middlesex county teams, including the new county club, from 1859 to 1875. He was employed by Marylebone Cricket Club on their ground staff at Lord's and he played in many matches for the club's teams from 1857 to 1876. Hearne travelled to Australia in 1861\u201362 as a member of the first English team to tour the country. He was born in Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, and died in Ealing, Middlesex. His brother was George Hearne Sr and they began a cricketing dynasty, thirteen family members becoming first-class players. Hearne was an all-rounder who played in 173 top-class matches. As a right-handed batsman, he scored 5,048 career runs at an average of 18.55 runs per completed innings with a highest score of 146 as one of four centuries. He was a right arm medium\n\nThe Pension Protection Fund (PPF) is a statutory corporation, set up by the Pensions Act 2004, and has been protecting members of eligible defined benefit (DB) pension schemes across the United Kingdom since 2005. It protects close to 10 million members belonging to more than 5,200 pension schemes across the UK. If an employer collapses and its DB pension scheme cannot pay members what they were promised, the PPF will pay compensation for their lost pensions. Despite being a public body, the PPF is not funded by the government or the taxpayers. It has four sources of funding including an annual levy charged to all the eligible pension schemes under its protection, income from its investments, assets from the schemes that transfer into the fund and recoveries, including money and other assets, from the insolvent employers of the schemes that transfer into the fund. The PPF is one of the\n\nQuestion: What's Pension Protection Fund?", "output": "The Pension Protection Fund is a statutory corporation, set up by the Pensions Act 2004, and has been protecting members of eligible defined benefit pension schemes across the United Kingdom since 2005."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Southern California Legends, known commonly as the SoCal Legends, were a team in the Continental Basketball Association. The Legends are owned and coached by former NBA player Gary Grant. They played their home games at Azusa Pacific University's Felix Events Center. They were formerly a part of the American Basketball Association, and in their first and only season there, they went 20\u20135 in their first season, made it into the playoffs, moved on to the Great Eight Tournament and made it to the championship game, where they were defeated by the Rochester Razorsharks, 117\u2013114. The team had planned to go to the CBA in 2006, but then realized that their new arena, Gilbert Sports and Fitness Center on the campus of California Lutheran University in Thousand Oaks, California was not going to be completed in time, so they decided in the end to begin play in 2007. In the\n\nThe Greater Taree City Council (GTCC) was a local government area on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia, until 12 May 2016 when it was amalgamated to form part of the Mid-Coast Council. It was originally formed in 1981 from the Manning Shire, and the Taree and Wingham Municipal Councils. The council was centred on Taree, located adjacent to the Manning River, the Pacific Highway and the North Coast railway line. The last serving mayor of GTCC was Cr. Paul Hogan, an unaligned politician. Towns and localities Towns and localities included in the former GTCC were: Taree Bobin Bohnock Brinawa Burrell Creek Cedar Party Coopernook Coralville Croki Crowdy Head Cundletown Diamond Beach Dumaresq Island Dyers Crossing Elands Ghinni Ghinni Glenwarrin Hallidays Point Hannam Vale Harrington Johns River Jones Island Kippaxs Killabakh Kolodong Koorainghat Krambach Langley Vale Lansdowne Manning Point Marlee Mitchells Island Mooral Creek Moorland Mount George\n\nThe solar transition region is a region of the Sun's atmosphere between the upper chromosphere and corona. It is important because it is the site of several unrelated but important transitions in the physics of the solar atmosphere: Below, gravity tends to dominate the shape of most features, so that the Sun may often be described in terms of layers and horizontal features (like sunspots); above, dynamic forces dominate the shape of most features, so that the transition region itself is not a well-defined layer at a particular altitude. Below, most of the helium is not fully ionized, so that it radiates energy very effectively; above, it becomes fully ionized. This has a profound effect on the equilibrium temperature (see below). Below, the material is opaque to the particular colors associated with spectral lines, so that most spectral lines formed below the transition region are absorption lines in infrared, visible\n\nQuestion: What is SoCal Legends", "output": "The Southern California Legends, known commonly as the SoCal Legends, were a team in the Continental Basketball Association."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rock catal\u00e0 (, \"Catalan Rock\") is a type of music popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s involving Catalan lyrics and many different musical styles. The last years of Spain under Franco were shattered by a generation of singers that claimed and called for democracy. In this context, La Nova Can\u00e7\u00f3 is the protest song musical and political movement of artists singing in Catalan, like Llu\u00eds Llach, Raimon or Ovidi Montllor. In the late 1960s and during the 1970s, the Nova Can\u00e7\u00f3 movement introduced lyrics in Catalan in contemporary music in order to reach wider audiences (until then, this language was only used in folk songs); then, by the 1980s and the return to democracy in Spain, their popularity was waning. Then, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Generalitat de Catalunya, in the absence of a wide enough demand, offered grants for rock bands singing in Catalan.\n\nEdward Haytley was an English portrait and landscape painter of the 18th century. He was born in 1713, but his works are documented to the period 1740\u20131764; other biographical detail is equally sparse, but the background of some early professional associates and early sitters suggests he may have come from Lancashire. Works Few of his works survive, but he appears to have specialised in the 'conversation piece' form, popular with the landed gentry of mid-18th century England. This form set a group portrait against the backdrop of an idealised representation of the subjects' estates. His works in this form include: one portrait of Elizabeth Robinson with her parents-in-law, Edward and Elizabeth Montagu, at Sandleford Priory (1744), near Newbury, Berkshire. six portraits of the Stanley family, including one of Sir Robert and Lady Bradshaigh (1746) in front of Haigh Hall two portraits of the Brockman family on its Kent estate, Beachborough,\n\nKevin Rubio (born December 20, 1967) is an American filmmaker who is best known for his Star Wars parody film Troops. Education and early career Rubio studied theater and photography throughout his high school years in California, and made his directorial debut at the age of 17 with a stage adaptation of Robert Redford\u2019s Ordinary People. He spent the next two years directing musical theater in such productions as You\u2019re a Good Man Charlie Brown and Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dream Coat, earning several awards for these productions. From 1984 - 1988, he apprenticed in the field of lighting, set design, and directing under George Costa, director of the San Jose Civic Light Opera House. In 1988, Rubio attended Long Beach State University with a major in film. He almost graduated in 1991 and spent the next three years doing various production jobs. Film career In 1992, Rubio wrote\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Kevin Rubio.", "output": "Kevin Rubio is an American filmmaker who is best known for his Star Wars parody film Troops."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Three Days of Rain is a play by Richard Greenberg that was commissioned and produced by South Coast Repertory in 1997. The title comes from a line from W. S. Merwin's poem, \"For the Anniversary of My Death\" (1967). The play has often been called Stoppardian but Greenberg says he wasn't aware of Stoppard's work before he wrote the play but instead claims 1967 BBC series The Forsyte Saga was a much greater influence. Three Days of Rain was nominated for the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. Plot Walker and his sister Nan meet in an unoccupied studio in lower Manhattan in 1995. Walker, who had disappeared the day after his father's funeral, now months later is living in this apartment where his father Ned Janeway and business partner, Theo Wexler, once lived and worked designing the famous \"Janeway House\". Walker has found their father's journal and attempts to use\n\nDibrugarh University is a collegiate public state university in the Indian state of Assam. It is located at Dibrugarh, Assam, India. It was set up in 1965 under the provisions of the Dibrugarh University Act, 1965 enacted by the Assam Legislative Assembly. Location and Campus The Dibrugarh University Campus is located at Rajabheta, Dibrugarh city and is spread over an area of 500 acres. The NH15 (old NH37) bisects the main campus from the other, the latter primarily comprising teacher's and officer's residence. The Dibrugarh district is well known for its vast mineral resources (including oil, natural gas and coal), flora and fauna and many tea plantations. The diverse tribes with their distinct dialects, customs, traditions and culture make this area attractive to students of anthropology and sociology, art and culture. Accreditation It is accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council, with an 'A' Grade in 2017. This accreditation\n\nThe State House, located in Roseau, is the official residence of the president of Dominica. Previously it was used as the official residence of the colonial governors of Dominica. The residence of the British governors of the island, and for a time the French, is situated on a low hill to the south of the commercial center of Roseau. Written accounts from the 1790s make mention of various plants and an avenue of trees in the grounds of Government House. The gardens here have suffered periodically from hurricanes. Many fine trees were destroyed by the main storms of the 20th century in 1916, 1930 and 1979. Sir William Young was sworn in as governor of Dominica on 14 November 1770. He was responsible for among other things, directing the construction of the first Government House which he built near the Fort Young. Once the official residence of the Queen's representative,\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Dibrugarh University is.", "output": "Dibrugarh University is a collegiate public state university in the Indian state of Assam."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Martyrdom of the Holy Queen Shushanik (also translated as The Passion of Saint Shushanik; ) is the earliest surviving piece of Georgian literature. Purported to have been written between 476 and 483, the earliest surviving manuscript dates back to the 10th century and was written at Parkhali Monastery. There exists an Armenian translation of the same text, dated also to the 10th century. The author is Iakob Tsurtaveli (Jacob of Tsurtavi), a contemporary and participant in the events described in this hagiographic novel. The manuscript describes the martyrdom of Saint Shushanik, an Armenian noblewoman, at the hand of her spouse, bidaxshe (high prince) Varsken, who had renounced Christianity and embraced Zoroastrianism. Shushanik, whose father was Vardan Mamikonyan, the sparapet (military leader) of the Christians in Armenia, refused to follow him, and died as a martyr after years of imprisonment and torture. The first printed version was published in 1882.\n\nKarl Moriz Diesing (also written as Carl Moritz Diesing; 16 June 1800 \u2013 10 January 1867) was an Austrian naturalist and zoologist, specializing in the study of helminthology. Biography Diesing was born on 16 June 1800 in Krak\u00f3w. He studied medicine at the University of Vienna, earning his doctorate in 1826. Afterwards, he served as an assistant to botanist Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, later working as an intern at the Hof-Naturalien-Cabinet (from 1829). In 1836, he became a curator of the zoological collections. In the late 1840s, he began to suffer from serious eye problems, and shortly afterwards experienced permanent blindness. His principal works include Systema Helminthum (2 vols., 1850\u20131851), and Revision der Nematoden (1861). In his paper \"Versuch einer monographie der Gattung Pentastoma\" (Ann. Wien Mus. Naturges. 1836, 1\u201332), he was the first to establish the distinct nature of the Pentastomida, placing them in a new group which he\n\nEdward William Nolan (born 5 August 1988) is an Irish former professional footballer who played as a full-back or centre-back. During his career Nolan played for Blackburn Rovers, Stockport County, Hartlepool United, Preston North End, Sheffield Wednesday, Scunthorpe United,York City, Blackpool, Crewe Alexandra, Motherwell and Waterford. Nolan has played internationally for the Republic of Ireland 12 times at under-21, once at B level and 3 times at senior level, all 3 coming in 2009. Club career Blackburn Rovers Born in Waterford, County Waterford, Nolan started his career with English club Blackburn Rovers in their youth team. He signed a professional contract on 12 September 2005. He made his first-team debut in the UEFA Cup tie against AS Nancy on 13 December 2006, coming on as a substitute for Andy Todd. Despite being a promising footballer who could get first-team football at Blackburn Rovers in the future, Nolan never made another\n\nQuestion: Who was Eddie Nolan?", "output": "Edward William Nolan is an Irish former professional footballer who played as a full-back or centre-back."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wigmore Castle is a ruined castle about from the village of Wigmore in the northwest region of Herefordshire, England. History Wigmore Castle was founded after the Norman Conquest, probably c.1070, by William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford and a close associate of William the Conqueror. It was built on waste ground at a place called Merestun, the settlement by the mere or lake. The land was held at the time of the Conquest by Gunnfrothr or Gunnvarthr, who also held land at Lingen and Brampton Bryan. The associated village of Wigmore below the castle was probably also founded by FitzOsbern, perhaps around the earlier settlement. The form of FitzOsbern's early castle at Wigmore is unknown, but given the scale of his fortifications at Chepstow, Monmouth and elsewhere, it is likely to have been substantial and probably covered much the same area as the present castle. In particular, he probably had\n\nThetford Priory is a Cluniac monastic house in Thetford, Norfolk, England. Founded in 1103 by Roger Bigod of Norfolk, Thetford was one of the most important monasteries of East Anglia. It should not be confused with the Dominican Friary of Blackfriars, Thetford that later became part of Thetford Grammar School. History One of the most important East Anglian monasteries, Thetford Priory was founded in 1103 by Roger Bigod of Norfolk, in lieu of a vow of pilgrimage to the Holy Land. The abandoned cathedral church of the East Anglian bishops, on the Suffolk side of the River Little Ouse, was at first selected as the church of the new priory, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. A cloister or cells of woodwork were erected for the accommodation of the monks, and Benedictines from the Priory of St Pancras in Lewes arrived in 1104. Three years later, a new prior realized that\n\nThe Porto Alegre Brazil Temple is the 102nd operating temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The Porto Alegre Temple overlooks the city from the east toward a large river and port for which the city is named. It has an exterior of white granite and a single spire topped with a statue of the angel Moroni. The temple has a total of , two ordinance rooms, and two sealing rooms. History Temple construction began on May 2, 1998. The temple was dedicated by LDS Church president Gordon B. Hinckley on December 17, 2000. The temple sits on a hill in Porto Alegre's Vila Jardim district. The Porto Alegre Temple was the last temple of the LDS Church to be dedicated in the 20th century. In 2020, the Porto Alegre Brazil Temple was closed temporarily during the year in response to the coronavirus pandemic. See\n\nQuestion: What's Thetford Priory?", "output": "Thetford Priory is a Cluniac monastic house in Thetford, Norfolk, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Garden Peach tomatoes are a cultivar of tomato, native South American fruit mainly from Peru. Its small, bright yellow fruit is the standard globe shape of tomato. With its yellow coloring, blushing vaguely pink mottling when very ripe, and fuzzy skin, it resembles a peach. This cultivar is also extremely prolific. It is rich in iron and vitamin B5. The plant grows naturally between 200 and 1,000 metres from Colombia to Ecuador and Per\u00fa. Studies have shown they may lower cholesterol when eaten, or their juice drunk, regularly, similar to oranges or orange juice, but with a greater effect. This heirloom is colored exactly like a peach and has a sweet mild flavor. Fruits are 2-4 oz. and perfect for salads. The vines are prolific and very easy to grow in poor soil. Garden Peaches have soft fuzzy skins and mature in 65 days on average. They are suited to\n\nHoward Stevenson McDonald (July 18, 1894 \u2013 October 25, 1986) was President of Brigham Young University (BYU) from 1945 to 1949. During his presidency, the board of trustees approved a master of theology program. Enrollment at BYU greatly increased after World War II, and McDonald petitioned the board of trustees to build many buildings, including the Eyring Science Center. McDonald helped establish the student health center and student wards. He discouraged students from smoking and drinking. He left BYU because of his strained relationship with the board of trustees. McDonald was president of Los Angeles State College (now known as California State University, Los Angeles) and Los Angeles City College in 1949. In 1958, Los Angeles City College received its own president as a junior college. McDonald helped found San Fernando State College (now known as California State University, Northridge) in 1956, and was president of the general faculty until\n\nJennifer Thanisch (born 24 April 1964) is an English former child actress, most active during the 1970s. Life Jennifer Thanisch is a native of Laleham, Middlesex, where her parents owned the Three Horseshoes, a public house. Her first role was in the 1973 film Dark Places, which starred Christopher Lee and Joan Collins. She is well known for having played Flying Squad Detective Inspector Jack Regan's daughter, Susan, in the Thames Television/ITV detective series The Sweeney. Her most famous role was Anne in the televised version of Enid Blyton's children's book series The Famous Five, produced by Southern Television for ITV in the UK, in 1978 and 1979. She has made few acting appearances since the 1970s. Married with two grown-up children, she lives today in Lewes, Sussex and is a religious education teacher in a primary school. In late 2008 she was reunited with her fellow Famous Five co-star\n\nQuestion: Who is Jennifer Thanisch?", "output": "Jennifer Thanisch is an English former child actress, most active during the 1970s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Wallabout Bay is a small body of water in Upper New York Bay along the northwest shore of the New York City borough of Brooklyn, between the present Williamsburg and Manhattan Bridges. It is located opposite Corlear's Hook in Manhattan, across the East River to the west. Wallabout Bay is now the site of the Brooklyn Navy Yard. The nearby neighborhood of Wallabout, dating back to the 17th century, is adjacent to the bay. The neighborhood is a mixed use area with an array of old wood-frame buildings, public housing, brick townhouses, and warehouses; it contains the historic Lefferts-Laidlaw House, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The name of this curved bay on the western end of \"Lang Eylandt\" (Long Island) comes from the Dutch \"Waal bocht\", which means \"Walloons' Bend\", named for its first European settlers: the Walloons, from what is today Wallonia.\n\nErik Mona (born April 1974) is an American game designer who lives in Seattle, Washington. Career Mona was the Managing Editor of issues 1 and 2 of the Oerth Journal, an online publication devoted to the World of Greyhawk campaign setting, and the Editor-in-Chief from issues 2\u20137. Mona had the opportunity to talk to designers like Robert Kuntz on the GreyTalk mailing list in 1990s, where Kuntz shared stories of the early days of the Greyhawk campaigns. Mona became the head publisher of Paizo in April 2006. Mona served as the editor-in-chief of the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game magazines Dragon beginning in 2004 and Dungeon from 2004 to 2006; at the time, both magazines were published by Paizo until the license through Wizards of the Coast expired in September 2007. Mona and other editors at Paizo were fans of Greyhawk, and thus featured the setting in Dragon and Dungeon\n\nMuhi al-Din Muhammad ( \u2013 3 March 1707), commonly known as ( ) and by his regnal name Alamgir I ( ), was the sixth Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1707. Under his emperorship, the Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent with territory spanning nearly the entirety of the Indian subcontinent. Aurangzeb belonged to the aristocratic Timurid dynasty, held administrative and military posts under his father Shah Jahan () and gained recognition as an accomplished military commander. Aurangzeb served as the viceroy of the Deccan in 1636\u20131637 and the governor of Gujarat in 1645\u20131647. He jointly administered the provinces of Multan and Sindh in 1648\u20131652 and continued expeditions into the neighboring Safavid territories. In September 1657, Shah Jahan nominated his eldest and liberalist son Dara Shikoh as his successor, a move repudiated by Aurangzeb, who proclaimed himself emperor in February 1658. In April 1658, Aurangzeb defeated\n\nQuestion: Who is Erik Mona?", "output": "Erik Mona is an American game designer who lives in Seattle, Washington."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kent Bach (born 1943) is an American philosopher and Professor of Philosophy at San Francisco State University. His primary areas of research include the philosophy of language, linguistics and epistemology. He is the author of three books: Exit-existentialism: A philosophy of self-awareness, Linguistic Communication and Speech Acts, and Thought and Reference published by Wadsworth, the MIT Press, and Oxford University Press, respectively. Philosophy of language Bach's writings in the philosophy of language have tended to focus on the problems and puzzles that arise from so-called propositional attitude attributions, in particular belief attributions. Such attributions (or reports) take the form A believes that p where A is the subject to whom a belief is attributed and p represents the sentence, proposition (or, more vaguely still, content) that is supposed to be believed by A. In A Puzzle About Belief Reports and Do Belief Reports Report Beliefs?, Bach argues that there is\n\nHampton School Boat Club (HSBC) is the rowing club of Hampton School. Each year the club produces 1st VIIIs that compete at Championship level in the United Kingdom. The club hosts two Head race events each year. History The club was founded in 1956 and for many years HSBC was based at Molesey Boat Club, on the River Thames near Hampton Court Palace. In 2000 the club's Millennium Boathouse was opened 2 km upstream from Molesey weir, close to the upstream end of Platts Eyot. The land it was built on was originally owned by Thames Water and construction of the boathouse was a joint project with the Lady Eleanor Holles School Boat Club. In 2000 the boathouse was opened by Sir Steve Redgrave and Ann Redgrave. Rowing at Hampton Rowing at Hampton School is open to boys in the third year and above, and is split into three sections:\n\nJustine Frangouli-Argyris (Greek: \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03a6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7-\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03b7; born on July 31, 1959) is a Greek author and journalist. She was born on the Greek island of Lefkada, where she completed her primary and secondary education. A graduate of the University of Athens Law School's Political Science department, Frangouli-Argyris has been a contributor to daily newspapers, radio, television and magazines in Greece since 1983. She is a member of the Journalists' Union of the Athens Daily Newspapers (ESIEA) and has periodically worked for major radio stations such as ERA, SKY, FLASH 9.61, Athens Municipality Radio 9.84 as well as for Greek state television (ET). Biography Justine Frangouli-Argyris has been living and working in Montreal, Canada since 1989 as a correspondent for the Athens News Agency (ANA), Eleftherotypia and Ethnos newspapers. During the same period, she also collaborated with local Greek-Canadian and American radio stations and publications. Frangouli-Argyris is a member of the Union\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Hampton School Boat Club is.", "output": "Hampton School Boat Club is the rowing club of Hampton School."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Itapaci is a municipality in northern Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. The population was 18,458 in 2010 (IBGE). The total area of the municipality was 956.1 km\u00b2 (10/10/2002). History The settlement began in the 1920s on the lands of the \u00c1gua Fria and Barra cattle ranches. Land was donated by a rancher called Domiciano Rodrigues Peixoto and a cross was erected in 1935. The first name was \u00c1gua Fria, later changed to Floresta. In 1938 it became a district with the name Itapaci, which means \"Beautiful Rock\". In 1945 it was raised to municipal status. Geography Itapaci is located on the S\u00e3o Patr\u00edcio Pequeno River in the Ceres Microregion. The distance to the state capital, Goi\u00e2nia, is 230 kilometers. Highway connections are made by GO-080 / Ner\u00f3polis / S\u00e3o Francisco de Goi\u00e1s / BR-153 / Jaragu\u00e1 / Rialma / GO-336. See Seplan for the complete list. Neighboring municipalities are: Crix\u00e1s, Guarinos, Hidrolina,\n\nKarnata was an ancient kingdom, mentioned in the great epic Mahabharata, It gave the name to the South Indian state of Karnataka. References in Mahabharata Sahadeva's Military Campaign to the South of India Mahabharata, Book 2, Chapter 30 Sahadeva conquered the town of Sanjayanti and the country of the Pashandas and the Karanatakas by means of his messengers alone, and made all of them pay tributes to him. The hero brought under his subjection and exacted tributes from the Paundrayas and the Dravidas along with the Udrakeralas and the Andhras and the Talavanas, the Kalingas and the Ushtrakarnikas, and also the delightful city of Atavi and that of the Yavanas. Nakula's Military Campaign to the West of India Mahabharata, Book 2, Chapter 32 Nakula subjugated the whole of the desert country and the region known as Sairishaka full of plenty, as also that other one called Mahetta. And the hero\n\n\"If You Were The Only Girl In The World\" is the seventh episode of the fourth series of the period drama Upstairs, Downstairs. It first aired on 26 October 1974 on ITV. Background If You Were The Only Girl In The World was filmed in the studio on 3 and 18 June 1974, with the location footage being filmed on 12 and 13 June 1974. The rowing scenes were filmed at Frensham Ponds in Surrey and the French ch\u00e2teau scenes were filmed at Waddesdon Manor in Buckinghamshire. The episode was set in the summer of 1916. Cast Gordon Jackson - Hudson Jean Marsh - Rose Meg Wynn Owen - Hazel Bellamy Joan Benham - Lady Prudence Fairfax Joyce Heron - Lady Berkhamstead Lesley-Anne Down - Georgina Worsley Simon Williams - James Bellamy Jacqueline Tong - Daisy Mel Churcher - Angela Barclay Celia Imrie - Jenny Patricia MacRae - Sister Menzies\n\nQuestion: What is If You Were the Only Girl in the World?", "output": "\"If You Were The Only Girl In The World\" is the seventh episode of the fourth series of the period drama Upstairs, Downstairs."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Kwangwoon University (Abbreviated to Kwangwoon, KW and KWU) is a comprehensive, coeducational and private research university in Seoul (Wolgye Dong, Nowon-gu), South Korea, offering undergraduate and graduate programs (Master and Doctor). Chosun Radio Training Center, the predecessor of Kwangwoon University, was the first institution to teach electronic engineering studies in Korea(Chosun). The foundation is Kwangwoon Academy, an incorporated educational institution. As of 2019\uff0c there are 11,500 undergraduates and 1,292 graduate students. The nearest subway station is Kwangwoon University Station, Seoul Metro Line 1. Kwangwoon University has been recognized for its academic reputation in engineering and IT fields. Kwangwoon University was ranked 56th in Asia in field of Engineering in the 2014 and 2015 by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) and ranked 16th in Korea in field of Science and Engineering in 2015 by Korea Economic Daily (\ud55c\uad6d\uacbd\uc81c\uc2e0\ubb38) History 1934-1987 Kwangwoon started as Chosun Radio Training Center established to promote the advancement of\n\nJohn Crysler (July 24, 1770 \u2013 January 18, 1852) was a businessman and political figure in Upper Canada. He was born in Schoharie, New York in 1770, the son of German immigrants; the family name was originally spelled Krausler or Kruessler. His father served in the King's Royal Regiment of New York during the American Revolution under Sir John Johnson; and John Crysler was a drummer boy with Butler's Rangers. They both settled in Williamsburgh Township after the war. Crysler operated a tavern, cut timber to supply the Royal Navy with masts and built gristmills and sawmills. In 1804, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada, representing Dundas for one term until 1808. In 1806, he was appointed justice of the peace in the Eastern District. He served with the Dundas County Militia during the War of 1812, becoming captain. His home was used as the British\n\nGolden Dreams is a film about the history of California. It was a featured attraction at Disney California Adventure Park at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opening with the park on February 8, 2001. It starred Whoopi Goldberg as Calafia, the Queen of California. On September 7, 2008, the last showing of the film to the public was made. The theater was razed in July 2009 and was replaced by The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Undersea Adventure. However, the exterior replica of the Bernard Maybeck's Palace of Fine Arts remained. The final showing took place as a private showing for cast members on March 26, 2009. Synopsis Guests entered the theater, a replica of the Bernard Maybeck fa\u00e7ade of San Francisco's Palace of Fine Arts, a famed Bay Area landmark constructed for the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition. As the show began, two tall art deco statues of a single goddess-like woman,\n\nQuestion: What's John Crysler?", "output": "John Crysler was a businessman and political figure in Upper Canada."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Battle of Blenheim (; ; ) fought on , was a major battle of the War of the Spanish Succession. The overwhelming Allied victory ensured the safety of Vienna from the Franco-Bavarian army, thus preventing the collapse of the reconstituted Grand Alliance. Louis XIV of France sought to knock the Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold, out of the war by seizing Vienna, the Habsburg capital, and gain a favourable peace settlement. The dangers to Vienna were considerable: Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria, and Marshal Ferdinand de Marsin's forces in Bavaria threatened from the west, and Marshal Louis Joseph de Bourbon, duc de Vend\u00f4me's large army in northern Italy posed a serious danger with a potential offensive through the Brenner Pass. Vienna was also under pressure from R\u00e1k\u00f3czi's Hungarian revolt from its eastern approaches. Realising the danger, the Duke of Marlborough resolved to alleviate the peril to Vienna by marching\n\nThe smooth leatherjacket or velvet leatherjacket, Meuschenia scaber, is a filefish of the family Monacanthidae, found off eastern Australia and all around New Zealand to depths of about 100 m, on rocky weedy reef areas. Its length is between 25 and 35 cm. In New Zealand it is simply known as leatherjacket as it is the only fish of this family commonly found there, by the M\u0101ori language name k\u014dkiri, or by its commercial name cream fish. Distribution The species is found from Cape Naturaliste, Western Australia, to Sydney, New South Wales, around Tasmania, and around the waters of New Zealand. Behaviour Leatherjackets have a hard, sandpaper-like exterior which they use as a defense mechanism, which causes the fish to swim slowly. Because of this, the diet of leatherjackets is atypical, focusing on slow-moving species such as sponges, sea squirts and barnacles. Smooth leatherjackets are monogamous. In a human context\n\nLost Worlds, Vanished Lives is a 1989 four-part BBC documentary series concerning the discovery of fossils. It is written and presented by David Attenborough, produced by Mike Salisbury, and was originally broadcast in April 1989. It was made in between the second and third instalments of Attenborough's \"Life\" series: The Living Planet and The Trials of Life, respectively. The study of rocks and their ancient secrets was something of a boyhood passion for David Attenborough. In these programmes, his enthusiasm for the subject is undiminished. With the help of expert palaeontologists, fossil hunters and (for the time) modern animation techniques, Attenborough attempts to show how life evolved in Earth's distant past. To do so, he travels the globe to visit the world's most famous fossil sites. Release 2 Entertain published the series on DVD (catalog number BBCDVD1466) on 27 September 2004. List of episodes External links Lost Worlds Vanished Lives\n\nQuestion: What is Battle of Blenheim?", "output": "The Battle of Blenheim fought on , was a major battle of the War of the Spanish Succession."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Mitchelton Football Club is an Australian soccer club based in Everton Park, a suburb in Brisbane's inner-west, Queensland, Australia. Founded in 1920, the club competes in the Football Queensland Premier League. Overview The club was founded in 1920, being the second oldest registered football club in Brisbane. This family-based club had 1125 playing members in the 2014 season and has members ranging from 4 to 60 years old, having 13 fields to cater for all ages. Mitchelton FC were lucky enough to have received the Ausport Club Development Award in 2005 awarded by the Australian Sports Commission. After 83 years, Mitchelton finally got promoted to the highest competition in Queensland, the Brisbane Premier League for the 2004 season. In 2009, Mitchelton were relegated to the Brisbane Premier League Division 1 after only scoring 1 point in the entire season. In the 2010 season, Mitchelton finished 11th on the Ladder scoring\n\nBia\u0142o\u0142\u0119ka (, from bia\u0142y - white and \u0142\u0105ka - meadow) is one of 18 districts of Warsaw, located in the northern part of the city. Until October 27, 2002 Bia\u0142o\u0142\u0119ka was a gmina. According to the Central Statistical Office data, the district's area is and 92 768 people inhabit Bia\u0142o\u0142\u0119ka. History On the fields of Bia\u0142o\u0142\u0119ka, one of the battles with the Swedish on July 28\u201330, 1656 took place. On February 25, 1831 one of the battles of the November Uprising - Battle of Bia\u0142o\u0142\u0119ka - took place. In 1425, the Bia\u0142o\u0142\u0119ka village came into being and belonged to the Go\u0142y\u0144ski family. During the interwar period, only the R\u00f3\u017copol subdivision was part of Warsaw. In 1938 Bia\u0142o\u0142\u0119ka had 900 inhabitants and belonged to the Br\u00f3dno municipality. In 1951 a group of villages (including Bia\u0142o\u0142\u0119ka) joined Warsaw as result of the new administrative divisions of Warsaw. In 1976, during the next\n\nThe Brasil Open was a tennis tournament held annually in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. It was part of the ATP Tour 250 series, and was one of the main events in the Brazilian tennis calendar alongside ATP Tour 500 Rio Open. Since 2004, it was a part of the South American clay court circuit but was held on hard courts prior to 2004. Nicol\u00e1s Almagro and Pablo Cuevas hold the record for most singles titles with three each, while in doubles the record is held by Bruno Soares with three consecutive titles from 2011 to 2013. On 15 October 2019, tournament organisers announced that the tournament was being scrapped in favour of a return to the Chile Open. Past finals Singles Doubles See also ATP S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo WCT S\u00e3o Paulo Challenger de T\u00eanis References External links Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) tournament profile Recurring sporting events established in 2001\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Mitchelton FC is.", "output": "Mitchelton Football Club is an Australian soccer club based in Everton Park, a suburb in Brisbane's inner-west, Queensland, Australia."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Steinheim () is a town in H\u00f6xter district in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The middle centre of Steinheim forms the economic, cultural and social hub of the Steinheimer B\u00f6rde, one of the main territories of the old Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn. This territory was known as Wethi-Weizengau in Saxon times. Particularly scenic are the foothills of the Eggegebirge. Geography Location Steinheim lies roughly 15 km southeast of Detmold. The town belongs to the district of H\u00f6xter and is situated in the north-eastern part of the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Constituent communities The greater town of Steinheim consists of the main town of Steinheim and eight outlying villages: Bergheim Eichholz Grevenhagen Hagedorn Ottenhausen Rolfzen Sandebeck Vinsebeck History Steinheim was granted town rights in 1275 by Simon I, Bishop of Paderborn. Main sights The Steinheim Catholic Parish Church of Saint Mary (Katholische Pfarrkiche St. Marien Steinheim). The Town Hall, built in 1835, is\n\nGunthorpe is a residential area of the city of Peterborough, in the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire, England. Since 2015 Gunthorpe has its own ward within Peterborough City Council that also encompasses parts of South Werrington. Development in Gunthorpe has been ongoing since the 1950s. The new Roman Fields development is in progress across the A15 and will include parks and a new academy. Development at the Roman Fields has been concurrent since 2006. There has also been activity in the north of Paston which is now Gunthorpe Ridings- a large development dating back to 1982 to 1988 by Wilcon Homes. Previously Wilcon Homes's area office was located on Meal's Gate. On the primary road going straight through Gunthorpe, there is two shop units, a pub and school. The school being opened as a primary school in 1975 and the 2 shop units and pub all opening with the Wilcon Homes\n\nThe Yankee Quill Award is a regional American journalism award that recognizes a lifetime contribution toward excellence in journalism in New England. The award is bestowed annually by the Academy of New England Journalists, and administered by the New England Society of Newspaper Editors. It is considered the highest individual honor awarded by fellow journalists in the region. Recent recipients 2008 Nelson Benton, editorial page editor, The Salem News Ann Smith Franklin (posthumous), American colonialist almanac printer, Newport, Rhode Island John Howe, editor and general manager, The Citizen, Laconia, New Hampshire Al Larkin, retired executive vice president, The Boston Globe 2007 Michael Donoghue, sportswriter at The Burlington Free Press in Burlington, Vermont, and executive director of the Vermont Press Association. Larry McDermott, publisher of The Republican in Springfield, Massachusetts, and president of the Massachusetts Newspaper Publishers Association Eileen McNamara, professor of journalism at Brandeis University James Taricani, investigative reporter for\n\nQuestion: What's Yankee Quill Award?", "output": "The Yankee Quill Award is a regional American journalism award that recognizes a lifetime contribution toward excellence in journalism in New England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Green Springs National Historic Landmark District is a national historic district in Louisa County, Virginia noted for its concentration of fine rural manor houses and related buildings in an intact agricultural landscape. The district comprises of fertile land, contrasting with the more typical poor soil and scrub pinelands surrounding it. Description The district is located 1.5 miles (2 km) north of Interstate 64 from exit No. 136, \"Zion Crossroads.\" The district is roughly bounded by U.S. Route 15 and Virginia Routes 22 and 613. The area is named for a natural spring noted by Thomas Jefferson as possessing \"some medicinal virtue.\" The district features a mixture of wooded and farmed lands. Its distinguishing geological feature is the presence of a heavy clay soil that retains plant nutrients and moisture, creating an open landscape suitable for farming. The area is noted for its park-like views, particularly from U.S. Route 15. Preservation\n\nThe Episcopal Academy, founded in 1785, is a private, co-educational school for grades Pre-K through 12 based in Newtown Square, Pennsylvania. Prior to 2008, the main campus was located in Merion Station and the satellite campus was located in Devon. The Newtown Square facility is on a campus. Episcopal Academy has been consistently ranked as a top private school in the nation by various media outlets, including The Wall Street Journal. The Academy is affiliated with the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. History Early years The Episcopal Academy was founded in 1785 by the Rt. Rev. William White at Old Christ Church in Philadelphia as an all-boys school, focusing on classical education in Greek, Latin, religion, mathematics, and business. It was also a pre-missionary school. Trustees included two signers of the Declaration of Independence, as well as bankers, merchants, and ministers. It was founded two years after\n\nThe Driskill, a Romanesque-style building completed in 1886, is the oldest operating hotel in Austin, Texas, United States, and one of the best-known hotels in Texas generally. The Driskill was conceived and built by Col. Jesse Driskill, a cattleman who spent his fortune constructing \"the finest hotel south of St. Louis\". Today, the Driskill remains one of the premier hotels in Austin, featuring lavish bridal suites, two restaurants, and a grand ballroom. The Driskill has been operated by Hyatt Hotels Corporation since 2013. The hotel was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on November 25, 1969. Architecture and design The Driskill is composed of two interconnected buildings; the original four-story Romanesque Revival building constructed in 1886, and a 13-story annex constructed in 1930. The original building, designed by local Austin architect Jasper N. Preston, was constructed with over six million pressed bricks and white limestone accents. The building\n\nQuestion: What is Driskill Hotel?", "output": "The Driskill, a Romanesque-style building completed in 1886, is the oldest operating hotel in Austin, Texas, United States, and one of the best-known hotels in Texas generally."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lajoux (; ) is a municipality in the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. History Lajoux is first mentioned in 1404 as La Jous Mertinatt. Geography Lajoux has an area of . Of this area, or 62.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 32.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 4.6% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.3% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 2.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 1.6%. Out of the forested land, 28.0% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 10.4% is used for growing crops and 28.5% is pastures and 23.7% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is in lakes. The\n\nBruno Senna Lalli (, born 15 October 1983) is a Brazilian professional racing driver. He is the nephew of the late Ayrton Senna, three-time Formula One world champion. He is also the first driver to win a race in every class in the FIA World Endurance Championship, and was the 2017 WEC world champion in the LMP2 class. Bruno Senna raced in Formula One from 2010 to 2012. He made his debut driving for Hispania Racing in 2010, raced for Renault from August 2011 as a replacement for Nick Heidfeld, and drove for the Williams team in 2012. Between 2014 and 2016, he drove for Mahindra Racing in Formula E. His mother is Ayrton's older sister, Viviane. His father, Fl\u00e1vio Lalli, died in a motorcycle crash in 1996. The colour scheme of Bruno's helmet is a slightly modified version of that used by his uncle Ayrton. Career Early career Born\n\nBaseball Night in America is an American television presentation of Major League Baseball (MLB) games produced by Fox Sports for the Fox network on Saturday or Thursday nights. Fox's coverage includes 20 weeks worth of coverage as of 2023, with 16 Saturday windows and 4 Thursday windows. Coverage usually includes 2 to 4 separate games all starting at 7PM ET, with local affiliates airing the game of most interest to their audience. History While Fox has aired Fox Saturday Baseball games since 1996, Fox only began using the Baseball Night in America branding in 2012. In the inaugural season, the Baseball Night in America branding was used for games from May 26 to July 7. Until 2021, Baseball Night in America aired every Saturday from the last week in May to the second week in July. Beginning with the 2019 season, late season Fox Saturday Baseball games moved from the\n\nQuestion: What is Baseball Night in America?", "output": "Baseball Night in America is an American television presentation of Major League Baseball games produced by Fox Sports for the Fox network on Saturday or Thursday nights."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Lillian Riemer BeVier (born June 11, 1939) is a professor of law at the University of Virginia School of Law. She was the first woman to become a full professor at the law school, and she holds the position of Distinguished Professor of Law Emeritus. Early life and education BeVier earned a bachelor's degree from Smith College in 1961 and a Juris Doctor degree from Stanford Law School in 1965. Early career BeVier began her career working on staff at Stanford University, and she also worked as a research associate for a Stanford Law School professor. She later practiced law at a firm in Palo Alto, California and worked as an assistant professor at Santa Clara University School of Law. Professorial career BeVier joined the University of Virginia law faculty in 1973. She has taught constitutional law (with special emphasis on First Amendment issues), intellectual property (trademark, copyright), real property,\n\nStar Junction is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Perry Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located on Pennsylvania Route 51. At the 2010 census, the population was 616. History Star Junction was founded in 1893, when the Washington No. 2 Mine was opened by the Washington Coal and Coke Company. It is so-named because it was once the site of a railroad depot, the end of the line for the Washington Run Railroad. Star Junction was once a coal mining center, with beehive ovens for coke manufacture and a foundry. It was the site of labor unrest, including the walkout of 4,500 miners in 1922. Although the company store and mines are long gone, the \"patch\" (the groups of company houses) still remains and houses many residents. This area was added to the \"Determined Eligible List\" of the Bureau of Historic Preservation, as an example\n\nSylvia Sykes is an American swing dancer, instructor, judge, and choreographer. She is known for reviving the swing dance style balboa. Career Sykes and her dance partner Jonathan Bixby started dancing together when she was fourteen years old. They were staff dancers for the television show Shebang during the 1960s. She has studied with many of the dance greats, including Frankie Manning, Dean Collins (1981 to 1984), Maxie Dorf (1984 to 1987), and Willie Desatoff. Sykes has performed with Count Basie, Glenn Miller, Artie Shaw, and Les Brown. She has appeared on the television shows American Bandstand and Gotta Dance. She and Bixby represented the U.S. in the World Boogie Woogie Championships in Grenoble, France. She has been head judge for many national swing events as well as being a teacher on how to judge. Following the retirement of Bixby, Sykes taught in Santa Barbara, California, and at workshops around\n\nQuestion: Define Star Junction, Pennsylvania.", "output": "Star Junction is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Perry Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, United States."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Arthur Robert Jensen (August 24, 1923 \u2013 October 22, 2012) was an American psychologist and writer. He was a professor of educational psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. Jensen was known for his work in psychometrics and differential psychology, the study of how and why individuals differ behaviorally from one another. He was a major proponent of the hereditarian position in the nature and nurture debate, the position that genetics play a significant role in behavioral traits, such as intelligence and personality. He was the author of over 400 scientific papers published in refereed journals and sat on the editorial boards of the scientific journals Intelligence and Personality and Individual Differences. Jensen was controversial, largely for his conclusions regarding the causes of race-based differences in IQ. Early life and education Jensen was born August 24, 1923, in San Diego, California, the son of Linda Mary (n\u00e9e Schachtmayer) and Arthur\n\nFiends of the Eastern Front was a story published in the British comics anthology 2000 AD, created by Gerry Finley-Day and Carlos Ezquerra. The series mixed vampires into the general horror of the Eastern front. Plot A diary found with an unearthed skeleton casts new light on a lost piece of history from World War II. It belongs to a young German soldier who was stationed on the Eastern Front alongside a group of Romanian soldiers who always fought at night. Their true nature is soon revealed and when they change sides all Hell breaks loose. Characters German The Germans were: Hans Schmitt - The main Protagonist Karl Mueller - Hans' friend Inspector Brandt - A police officer in 1980 Germany Russian The Russians were: The Rabbi - An unnamed rabbi who performs the ritual The Golem - Created by the Rabbi to destroy Costanza and his Vampyr Jesf Charnosov\n\nA Bach festival is a music festival held to celebrate the memory of the German composer Johann Sebastian Bach (1685\u20131750). Various locations throughout the world hold festivals dedicated to Bach. A notable example is the Bachfest Leipzig, held each year in the city of Leipzig, where the composer worked as Thomaskantor for the last 27 years of his life. Historical festivals Baldwin Wallace Bach Festival The Baldwin Wallace Conservatory of Music at Baldwin Wallace University is home to the BW Bach Festival, the oldest collegiate Bach festival in the nation. The festival was founded in 1932 by Professor Albert Riemenschneider (longtime director of the College Conservatory) and his wife Selma. The then Baldwin-Wallace Festival Choir and Orchestra presented the first Bach Festival in June 1933 and has continued since then. The oldest Bach Festival, The Bethlehem, and Baldwin Wallace performed together for BW's 75th anniversary of the festival. Winter Park\n\nQuestion: Who is Bach festival?", "output": "A Bach festival is a music festival held to celebrate the memory of the German composer Johann Sebastian Bach."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "On-base plus slugging (OPS) is a sabermetric baseball statistic calculated as the sum of a player's on-base percentage and slugging percentage. The ability of a player both to get on base and to hit for power, two important offensive skills, are represented. An OPS of .800 or higher in Major League Baseball puts the player in the upper echelon of hitters. Typically, the league leader in OPS will score near, and sometimes above, the 1.000 mark. Equation The basic equation is where OBP is on-base percentage and SLG is slugging average. These averages are defined below as: - the numerator \"H + BB + HBP\" effectively means \"number of trips to first base at least\" - the denominator \"AB + BB + SF + HBP\" effectively means \"total plate appearances\", but does not include sacrifice bunts This is because though a batter makes a trip to the plate he is\n\nAbiathar ( \u02beE\u1e07y\u0101\u1e6f\u0101r, \"father (of) abundance\"/\"abundant father\"), in the Hebrew Bible, is a son of Ahimelech or Ahijah, High Priest at Nob, the fourth in descent from Eli and the last of Eli's House to be a High Priest. Bible account Abiathar was the only one of the priests to escape from Saul's (reigned c. 1020\u20131000 BCE) massacre in Nob, when his father and the priests of Nob were slain on the command of Saul. He fled to David (reigned c. 1003\u2013970 BCE) at Keilah, taking with him the ephod and other priestly regalia. Rabbinical literature that linked the later extermination of the male descendants of David with the priests of Nob, also link the survival of David's descendant Joash with that of Abiathar. Abiathar joined David, who was then in the cave of Adullam. He remained with David, and became priest of the party of which he was the\n\nEstrela do Norte is municipality in north Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. The population was 3,264 (2020) and the total area was 302.7 km\u00b2 Estrela do Norte is a municipality surrounded by the following municipalities: north: Mutun\u00f3polis and Santa Tereza de Goi\u00e1s south: Mara Rosa east: Amaralina west: Formoso The distance to Goi\u00e2nia is 365 km. Highway connections are made by GO-080 / Ner\u00f3polis / S\u00e3o Francisco de Goi\u00e1s / BR-153 / Jaragu\u00e1 / GO-080 / Goian\u00e9sia / Barro Alto / BR-080 / GO-342 / Urua\u00e7u / Campinorte / GO-241. The economy is based on cattle raising and agriculture, especially corn, rice, and soybeans. In 2007 there was one dairy, no banks, and 39 retail units. There were 205 automobiles. Cattle: 22,800 head In 2006 there were 185 farms with 1,125 hectares planted. There were 20,000 hectares of pasture. Approximately 500 persons were employed in farming. There was modest production of rice,\n\nQuestion: What is Estrela do Norte, Goi\u00e1s?", "output": "Estrela do Norte is municipality in north Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Golden Ears Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is named after the prominent twin peaks, which are commonly referred to as Golden Ears (Mount Blanshard) (elevation: ). The park was originally part of Garibaldi Provincial Park (established 1927) but was split off as a separate park in 1967. The area was logged extensively in the 1920s by the Lougheed and Abernathy Logging Company. Many recreational attractions are found within the park. Golden Ears Provincial Park is a protected area that contains many endangered species of flora and fauna. First Nations territory The area encompassed by Golden Ears Provincial Park sits within the traditional territory of the Coast Salish people. The following is a list of First Nations whose traditional territories include all or part of Golden Ears Provincial Park. Katzie First Nation Kwantlen First Nation Matsqui First Nation Sts'Ailes people Tsawwassen First Nation St\u00f3\ua789l\u014d Nation\n\nCrom Dubh (, ; meaning \"black crooked [one]\"; also Crum Dubh, Dark Crom) is a mythological and folkloric figure of Ireland, based on the god Crom Cruach, mentioned in the 12th-century dinnseanchas of Magh Sl\u00e9cht. Folklore Conflict with Saint Patrick According to one legend, Cainnech of Aghaboe saw a number of demons flying past and when he inquired of their errand, one of them told him that Crom Dubh had died and they were after collecting his soul. Cainnech bid him on their return to tell him how they had fared. Some time later the demon returned limping badly. He told Cainnech that they were just about to seize Crom Dubh's soul when St Patrick appeared with a host of angels and saints and drove them off, Crom Dubh's good works having outweighed his sins. Another location associated with Crom Dubh is Downpatrick Head in County Mayo. According to Irish\n\nThe Atle-Tiba, also known as Atletiba or Athletiba, is one of the most traditional derbies in Brazilian football. It is the match between the two biggest football clubs of Paran\u00e1: Coritiba and Athletico Paranaense. The teams founded in 1909 and 1924 respectively and have been each other's rival for many decades. On many occasions the championship of Campeonato Paranaense, the state competition of Paran\u00e1, was decided by an Atle-Tiba. History Background The Brazilian city of Curitiba, capital of the state Paran\u00e1 in the south of Brazil, has always been divided in two halves when it comes to football. The traditional families that had lived in Curitiba for generations rooted for Am\u00e9rica and Internacional, whereas the new immigrants (mainly the Germans) were represented by Coritiba. It stayed like that, until the traditional families were united when Am\u00e9rica and Internacional merged to become \"Atl\u00e9tico Paranaense\" in 1924. For the fans of Athletico,\n\nQuestion: Define Atle-Tiba.", "output": "The Atle-Tiba, also known as Atletiba or Athletiba, is one of the most traditional derbies in Brazilian football."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Katharine Hope McPhee (born March 25, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter and actress. In May 2006, she was the runner-up on the fifth season of American Idol. Her eponymous debut album was released on RCA Records on January 30, 2007, and debuted at number two on the Billboard 200, selling 381,000 copies (as of December 2010). The album's first single, \"Over It\", was a Billboard Top 30 hit and was certified gold in 2008. Her second album, Unbroken, was released on Verve Forecast Records on January 5, 2010, and debuted at No. 27 on the \"Billboard 200\". The album featured the single \"Had It All\", which peaked at number 22 on the AC chart. It has sold 45,000 copies as of January 2011. Her third album, the holiday-themed Christmas Is the Time to Say I Love You, was released on October 12, 2010. The album debuted at number 11 on\n\nStrange Free World is the second album by British alternative rock band Kitchens of Distinction, released on 19 February 1991 in the US by A&M Records and on 18 March 1991 in the UK by One Little Indian Records. It is the follow-up to their 1989 debut Love Is Hell. Noted producer Hugh Jones, who worked with Echo & the Bunnymen (on their 1981 album Heaven Up Here), among many others, helped KOD to sound more at ease in the studio. Reviewer Ned Raggett of AllMusic notes that \"Musically, the tunes sound quite ambitious in many ways, often steering away from conventional verse-chorus-verse formulas,\" and calling the album an overall excellent effort. It is often considered one of the group's best works, as well as possibly its most popular and commercially successful, peaking at number 45 on the UK Albums Chart. The album also includes their first UK charting single\n\nThe Halifax Three (or the Halifax III), originally the Colonials, was a folk music band in Canada in the 1960s. The band performed in Toronto and Montreal before becoming part of the New York folk scene and recording an album. History Denny Doherty, Pat LaCroix and Richard Byrne formed the Colonials in 1960 in Halifax NS where they hosted a CBC TV program. After performing in Toronto and Montreal, the band changed its name to The Halifax Three in 1963, and, with the addition of Toronto born Zal Yanovsky, toured with the Journeymen and played Carnegie Hall in New York City. The band signed with Epic Records and released two albums. The band broke up in 1965. Doherty and Yanovsky formed the Mugwumps with Cass Elliot and Jim Hendricks. When that band ended, Yanovsky, with John Sebastian formed the Lovin' Spoonful while Doherty joined the Journeymen's John Phillips and his\n\nQuestion: What is The Halifax Three?", "output": "The Halifax Three, originally the Colonials, was a folk music band in Canada in the 1960s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ala\u00e7am is a municipality and district of Samsun Province, Turkey. Its area is 598 km2, and its population is 24,647 (2022). Scholars believe that Ala\u00e7am is the site of the ancient city of Zaliche or Zaliches. History Ala\u00e7am has a long history. It has been held by Phrygian, Cimmerians, Lydians and Persians before the area was taken by Alexander the Great. The Pontus Kingdom came in the 1st century BC which was in turn annexed by the Roman Empire. After the division of the Roman Empire, the Byzantines called the town Zalikus. The Seljuk named the town Uluk\u00f6y, until 1385 when it was briefly part of the Candaro\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi rump state and it took the name of the Ala\u00e7am county. The name Ala\u00e7am means spruce from the pine trees endemic to the area. Then in 1398 Ala\u00e7am entered the Ottoman empire, becoming a Turkish town after World War I. Economy\n\nAltstadt Spandau is the historic centre (old town) of the Spandau borough in the western suburbs of Berlin, situated on the right bank of the Havel river by its confluence with the Spree tributary. It arose near the site of a former Slavic gord during the German eastward expansion (Ostsiedlung) in the early 13th century. A castle at Spandowe, erected on a Havel island to secure the eastern borderlands of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, was already documented in an 1197 deed issued by the Ascanian margrave Otto II. The city itself was first mentioned on 7 March 1232, when the Spandau citizens were vested with further privileges by the Brandenburg margraves John I and Otto III. A first church is documented in 1240; the present-day Saint Nicholas Church was built in the late 14th century. It became the initial point of the Protestant Reformation in Brandenburg, when on 1 November\n\nPenyffordd or Pen-y-ffordd is a village, community and electoral ward in Flintshire, Wales, situated to the south east of Buckley and to the west of Chester. The name is derived from the Welsh Pen Y Ffordd \u2013 roughly translated as \"the highest or furthest point of the road\". The resident population of Penyffordd, as measured in the 2001 Census, was 3,715, increasing to 3,874 at the 2011 census. Penyffordd lies to the east of A550, south of its junction with the A55 (North Wales Expressway). The ward consists of the neighbouring villages of Penyffordd and Penymynydd, which are a ribbon development along the line of the former major road. There's also a zebra crossing which has been instated because former resident Adam Livingstone was hit by a motorist there. A hamlet named Pen-y-ffordd is also in Flintshire. It is located between Holywell and Prestatyn, near Mostyn. Community Local amenities and\n\nQuestion: Define Penyffordd.", "output": "Penyffordd or Pen-y-ffordd is a village, community and electoral ward in Flintshire, Wales, situated to the south east of Buckley and to the west of Chester."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Smoke or Fire is an American punk rock band from Boston, Massachusetts, United States. History Early history as Jericho (1998\u20132004) The band originally formed in 1998, when western Massachusetts native Joe McMahon got together with Chris Brand, Bill Ironfield, and Nick Maggiore, who hailed from New Hampshire. Originally calling themselves Jericho, the band released their debut album, When the Battery Dies, in 2000. After the release of this record, Chris Brand left and Jeremy Cochran replaced him. Their fan base grew as they played DIY basement shows and small clubs throughout the Northeast. After the release of When the Battery Dies, the quartet moved to Richmond, Virginia, where they worked on their second album. This is when Bill Ironfield left the band, and Ken Gurley joined on bass, with Joe McMahon taking over guitar. It was at about this time that band was contacted by a 1970s-era Christian rock band\n\nOuvidor is a municipality in southeast Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil. Location Located 267 kilometers from the state capital, Goi\u00e2nia, Ouvidor is connected by BR-352 / Bela Vista de Goi\u00e1s / Cristian\u00f3polis / GO-020 / Pires do Rio / BR-352 / GO-330 / Ipameri / Catal\u00e3o / GO-330 / BR-352. See Distancias Rodoviarias Sepin Ouvidor has boundaries with the following municipalities: north: Catal\u00e3o and Davin\u00f3polis; south: Tr\u00eas Ranchos; east: Minas Gerais state; west: Catal\u00e3o History The origin of Ouvidor dates to 1922, when the train station on the Estrada de Ferro Goi\u00e1s was inaugurated. The settlement began to grow with farmers moving into the region and it belonged to Catal\u00e3o. The first name was Catuaba, the name of a local plant. With the increase in population the town became a district in 1948 and finally a municipality in 1953. The name was changed to Ouvidor, because of the small river that passes\n\nThe \u00c9claireurs Neutres de France (Neutral (= interreligious) Scouts of France, ENF) is a non-aligned French Scouting association, founded in 1947 by Marcel Lepage and serving 3,000 to 4,000 members of both genders. The association has no political or religious involvement and is open to all without distinction of religion or race and respects the convictions of everyone. ENF is not a coeducational or mixed organisation although coeducation is accepted for the Cub Scouts, it has two distinct sections for girls and boys. History Some sources argue that the ENF is a spinoff from another French Scouting association, the \u00c9claireurs de France. The ENF claims on their website that this would be a statement in contradiction with its founding principles of openness and mutual respect. Although, initially a traditional Scouting association, it has evolved to adapt itself to modern life and standards of health and safety imposed by French Ministry\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Ouvidor is.", "output": "Ouvidor is a municipality in southeast Goi\u00e1s state, Brazil."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Pavel Bo\u0159kovec (10 June 1894, in Prague \u2013 22 July 1972, in Prague) was a Czech composer and music teacher. Bo\u0159kovec studied at the Prague Conservatory under Josef Suk. From 1946 to 1967 he taught at the Academy of Musical Arts in Prague. His students there included Pavel Blatn\u00fd, Ji\u0159\u00ed Pauer, Vladim\u00edr Sommer, Petr Eben, Jan Klus\u00e1k and Jan Truhl\u00e1\u0159. Among his compositions are two operas, two piano concertos, a concerto grosso, a ballet, and five string quartets. His work was also part of the music event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics. Selected works Stage Krysa\u0159, Ballet-Pantomime in 2 scenes (1939) Pale\u010dek, Opera (1959) Satyr, Opera after Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1942) Orchestra Concerto for cello and orchestra (1952) Concerto No.1 for piano and orchestra (1931) Concerto No.2 for piano and orchestra (1949\u20131950) Concerto for Violin and Orchestra Concerto grosso (1942) Partita per grande orchestra (1936)\n\n\"The House of Quark\" is the 49th episode of the science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, the third episode of the third season. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures on the space station Deep Space Nine near the planet Bajor. Many episodes of the series focus on races such as the Ferengi, a species whose culture is dedicated to the pursuit of profit, and the Klingons, whose warrior culture emphasizes honor. In this episode, the Ferengi bartender Quark accidentally causes the death of a drunk Klingon, and ends up forcibly married to his widow. This episode first aired on television on October 10, 1994. Plot On a slow day at Quark's bar, Quark is assaulted by Kozak, a drunk and belligerent Klingon. During the scuffle, Kozak accidentally stabs himself and dies. Quark pretends to have slain Kozak in self-defense, attracting more customers to\n\nProtobothrops sieversorum, commonly known as the three horned-scaled pitviper or the three-horn-scaled pit-viper, is a species of venomous snake, a pit viper in the family Viperidae. The species is endemic to Vietnam. Taxonomy Protobothrops sieversorum was originally placed in the monotypic genus Triceratolepidophis. Guo et al. (2007) synonymised this genus with the genus Protobothrops, based on evidence that it is phylogenetically nested within the existing species of that genus. Etymology The specific name, sieversorum (masculine, genitive, plural), is in honor of the Sievers family, father Dr. J.-H. Sievers and sons Julian Sievers and Moritz Sievers, for their support of nature conservation and zoological research. Geographic range P. sieversorum is indigenous to Quang Binh Province, Vietnam. Habitat The preferred natural habitat of P. sieversorum is forest, at altitudes of . Reproduction P. sieversorum is oviparous. References Further reading Gumprecht A, Tillack F, Orlov NL, Captain A, Ryabov S (2004). Asian Pitvipers.\n\nQuestion: What is Pavel Bo\u0159kovec", "output": "Pavel Bo\u0159kovec was a Czech composer and music teacher."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Jaco Van Dormael (born 9 February 1957) is a Belgian film director, screenwriter and playwright. His films especially focus on a respectful and sympathetic portrayal of people with mental and physical disabilities. Van Dormael spent his childhood travelling around Europe, before going on to study filmmaking at the INSAS in Brussels, where he wrote and directed his first short film, Maedeli la br\u00e8che (1981), which received the Honorary Foreign Film Award at the Student Academy Awards. Van Dormael's feature debut, Toto le h\u00e9ros (1991), won the Cam\u00e9ra d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. Five years later, Le huiti\u00e8me jour (1996) played at Cannes, where his two leading actors, Daniel Auteuil and Pascal Duquenne, were jointly awarded the prize for Best Actor. His third feature film, Mr. Nobody (2009), won six Magritte Awards, including Best Film and Best Director. Early life Jaco Van Dormael was born in Ixelles. Belgium, on 9\n\nJaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is a betaretrovirus which is the causative agent of a contagious lung cancer in sheep, called ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Natural history JSRV is the virus that is the cause of the contagious lung tumors in sheep called ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA). The disease has also been called \"jaagsiekte\", after the Afrikaans words for \"chase\" (jaag) and \"sickness\" (siekte), to describe the respiratory distress observed in an animal out of breath from being chased, indicating the breathing difficulty experienced by infected sheep. Transmission of virus is through aerosol spread between sheep. The exogenous infectious form of JSRV has an endogenous counterpart which is present in the genomes of all sheep and goats. The sheep genome has around 27 copies of endogenous retroviruses (enJSRVs) that are closely related to JSRV. Endogenous JSRV has several roles in the evolution of the domestic sheep as they are able to block\n\nYMCA Camp Lawrence Cory, better known as \"YMCA Camp Cory\" or simply \"Camp Cory,\" is a resident-style summer camp in the Finger Lakes region of upstate New York. It was founded in 1892 and established at its current location in 1921. The name comes from Lt. H. Lawrence Cory, an American World War I soldier who was killed in action. Camp Cory is run by the YMCA and is certified by the American Camp Association (ACA). The 27-acre property is south of the village of Penn Yan, in the town of Milo, New York. It is about an hour south of Rochester, New York and about an hour and a half southwest of Syracuse, New York. The camp occupies a significant amount of waterfront property. Background YMCA Camp Cory is one of the oldest camps in the State of New York; however, its predecessor was a Rochester YMCA camp called\n\nQuestion: What's Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus?", "output": "Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus is a betaretrovirus which is the causative agent of a contagious lung cancer in sheep, called ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Ophryocystis elektroscirrha (sometimes abbreviated OE or O.e.) is an obligate, neogregarine protozoan parasite that infects monarch (Danaus plexippus) and queen (Danaus gilippus) butterflies. There are no other known hosts. The species was first discovered in Florida, around the late 1960s. Since then, it has been found in every monarch population examined to date, including monarchs sampled in North America, Hawaii, Australia, Cuba, and Central and South America. Dormant spores occur on the cuticles of butterflies, in between the butterfly's scales. They are small, brown or black objects about 1/100th the width of a butterfly scale. The only currently known way of treating the Ophryocystis parasite is by soaking the host's eggs in a light bleach solution, which kills the spores that are present on the eggs' surface. Life cycle Ophryocystis elektroscirrha is usually transmitted from females to their offspring when the females scatter spores on their egg chorions and surfaces\n\nWe Can't Be Stopped is the third studio album by Geto Boys, released on July 9, 1991. It was among their most successful records in terms of units sold. The album is analysed track-by-track by Geto Boys in Brian Coleman's book Check the Technique. We Can't Be Stopped was certified Platinum in early 1992. Recording We Can't Be Stopped took only a few weeks to record. During the recording of the album, DJ Ready Red, one of the original Geto Boys members, left the group for personal reasons. In We Can't Be Stopped, each member of the group has three solo tracks. Three tracks have all three members on the rapping roster, including a short verse from DJ Ready Red on the title track. Album cover The album cover is a graphic picture of member Bushwick Bill in the hospital. Bill was shot in the eye as he and his\n\nComputer Networks: The Heralds of Resource Sharing is a short documentary film from 1972, produced by Steven King and directed/edited by Peter Chvany, about ARPANET, an early packet switching network and the one of the first networks to implement the protocol suite TCP/IP. Content The 30 minute film features many of the most important names in computer networking, especially J. C. R. Licklider and others from MIT's Project MAC who had connected a computer to ARPANET the year before. According to a history of computing equipment by Columbia University it \"begins with a montage of equipment ... and then has interviews with ARPANET creators.\" The film discusses \"the potential that this network has for revolutionizing so many industries and institutions\". Participants Speaking parts: Fernando J. Corbato (Corby): (voice 0:45-1:15, face 1:00-1:15, 15:10-15:40) Turing Award winner, implementer of multitasking operating systems. J. C. R. Licklider (Lick): (1:00-1:40), and many times throughout\n\nQuestion: What is We Can't Be Stopped?", "output": "We Can't Be Stopped is the third studio album by Geto Boys, released on July 9, 1991."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Boston's High Spine is an architectural planning design that arose in 1961, designed by the Committee of Civic Design, part of the Boston Society of Architects. The basic idea of the High Spine is to create a string of skyscrapers that runs from Massachusetts Avenue to the Fort Point Channel, traversing the southern Back Bay between Boylston Street on the north and Huntington Avenue and Columbus Avenue on the south. The spine then heads eastward, between the Boston Common and Downtown Crossing areas to the north and the Bay Village and Chinatown neighborhoods to the south, before heading into the Financial District. The majority of Boston's skyscrapers are located along this corridor. This path follows an area along and directly north of the Massachusetts Turnpike that was extended along the Boston and Albany Railroad tracks and includes some former rail yards. Development here avoided disruption of pre-existing, historical neighborhoods, and\n\nCarnoustie railway station is a railway station which serves the town of Carnoustie, Angus, Scotland. It is sited east of the former Dundee East station, on the Dundee to Aberdeen line, between Golf Street and Arbroath. There is a crossover at the south end of the station, which can be used to facilitate trains turning back if the line north to Arbroath is blocked. ScotRail manage the station and provide almost all services. Carnoustie station was refurbished by Galliford Try Rail prior to the 2007 Open Golf Championship which was held at the adjacent golf course. History The station was opened on 6 October 1838 on the 5 ft 6in gauge (1676mm) Dundee and Arbroath Railway. The station was originally built on the west side of Station Road, to the north of the running line. The goods yard was to the north of the station and mostly accessed via a\n\nAmerican V: A Hundred Highways is a posthumously released studio album by Johnny Cash. It was released on July 4, 2006, by American Recordings. As the title implies, it is the fifth entry in Cash's American series. Like its predecessors, the album is produced by Rick Rubin. It was Cash's first No. 1 album in 37 years. It was certified Gold on August 18, 2006, by the RIAA. Background As with the other albums in the American series, the album includes covers and originals. The originals on this album are \"I Came to Believe\" and \"Like the 309\", the latter of which was the last song Cash wrote before his death in 2003. Recorded on August 21, 2003, \"Like the 309\" was the next-to-last song Cash ever recorded; the last being \"Engine One-Forty-Three\" which was produced by John Carter Cash and released on the 2004 compilation album The Unbroken Circle:\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Carnoustie railway station is.", "output": "Carnoustie railway station is a railway station which serves the town of Carnoustie, Angus, Scotland."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "\"Rock 'n' Roll with Me\" is a power ballad written by David Bowie and Warren Peace and recorded in January 1974 that first appeared on Bowie's Diamond Dogs album, supposedly to address the artist's complex relation with his fans. A version recorded during the Diamond Dogs tour in July 1974 was released on the album David Live. While the song \"Knock on Wood\" from David Live was issued as a single in the UK, \"Rock 'n' Roll With Me\" was chosen for release as the US single (RCA PB 10105) in September 1974, in response to Donovan's recent cover version. The B-side in each case was another live recording from the Diamond Dogs tour, \"Panic in Detroit\", originally from Aladdin Sane (1973). An edited version was issued on a US promotional single (RCA JB 10105) that same month. Like \"Rebel Rebel\", the lead single from Diamond Dogs, \"Rock 'n' Roll\n\nLeeds Building Society is a building society based in Leeds, England. It serves approximately 719,000 customers across the United Kingdom, who together hold \u00a39.9 billion in savings balances and is the fifth largest building society in the UK. History The society was registered as the Leeds and Holbeck (Permanent) Building Society in 1875, though the society originated from a group called the Leeds Union Operative Land and Building Society which formed in 1845. The society was renamed to Leeds Building Society in September 2005. It has 65 branches across the UK, with 29 located in Yorkshire, and previously had two international branches located in Gibraltar and Dublin, Ireland. The head office is located on Sovereign Street in Leeds city centre. It is a member of the Building Societies Association. It should not be confused with the defunct Leeds Permanent Building Society, which was also known as The Leeds, which merged\n\nLine Barfod (born 24 May 1964, in Copenhagen) is a lawyer and politician in Denmark. She is a former member of the Folketing (Danish parliament) for the Red-Green Alliance. Line Barfod is the daughter of retired assistant librarian Werner Brandstrup Andreasen and social worker \u00c5se Barfod. She is married to Klaus Hansen. They have four children. Parliamentary career Prior to her current tenure, Barford was a member of the Folketing for the Red-Green Alliance in Eastern Copenhagen constituency from 20 November 2001 to 8 February 2005, a temporary member of the Folketing for the Red-Green Alliance in \u00c5rhus County constituency from 8 October to 30 November 1998, the Red-Green Alliance's candidate in N\u00f8rrebro nomination district, 1999 to 2001, in \u00c5rhus West nomination district, 1998 to 1999, and in Frederiksborg County nomination district, 1996 to 1998. Education and Profession Barford attended Rysensteen Upper Secondary School, 1980\u20131983, and Tidens High School, 1983\u20131984.\n\nQuestion: Tell me what Rock 'n' Roll with Me is.", "output": "\"Rock 'n' Roll with Me\" is a power ballad written by David Bowie and Warren Peace and recorded in January 1974 that first appeared on Bowie's Diamond Dogs album, supposedly to address the artist's complex relation with his fans."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Brewing is the production of beer by steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains, the most popular of which is barley) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. It may be done in a brewery by a commercial brewer, at home by a homebrewer, or communally. Brewing has taken place since around the 6th millennium BC, and archaeological evidence suggests that emerging civilizations, including ancient Egypt, China, and Mesopotamia, brewed beer. Since the nineteenth century the brewing industry has been part of most western economies. The basic ingredients of beer are water and a fermentable starch source such as malted barley. Most beer is fermented with a brewer's yeast and flavoured with hops. Less widely used starch sources include millet, sorghum and cassava. Secondary sources (adjuncts), such as maize (corn), rice, or sugar, may also be used, sometimes to reduce cost, or to add a feature, such\n\nRavensworth is a village and civil parish in the Holmedale valley, within the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England. It is approximately north-west of Richmond and from Darlington. The parish has a population of 255, according to the 2011 census. Ravensworth was historically situated in the North Riding of Yorkshire, but has been a part of North Yorkshire since 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act of 1972. The village has ancient origins, dating back to the time of Viking settlements. In it are the remains of the 14th century, Grade-1-listed Ravensworth Castle, the ancestral home of the FitzHugh family. After the FitzHugh line came to an end, the castle was abandoned. Beginning in the mid-16th century, it began to be dismantled, but the gatehouse remains almost wholly intact. There are a number of listed buildings situated around the village green, mostly dating from the eighteenth century. Many\n\nBruno Tonioli (; born 25 November 1955) is a British-Italian television personality, choreographer and dancer. He has judged on the British television talent shows Strictly Come Dancing (2004\u20132019), DanceX (2007) and Britain's Got Talent (2023\u2013present), and the American television talent shows Dancing with the Stars (2005\u2013present) and Dance War: Bruno vs. Carrie Ann (2008). Career In 1980, as part of the group Duke and the Aces, Tonioli performed in but did not win the United Kingdom's competition to select an entry for the Eurovision Song Contest. Tonioli has worked in the music business as a choreographer for music videos, stage shows, and tours for artists such as Tina Turner, Sting, Elton John, the Rolling Stones, Freddie Mercury, Sinitta, Boy George, Dead or Alive, Bananarama, and Duran Duran. He danced in the Elton John video for \"I'm Still Standing\" (1983). Tonioli choreographed the band Arcadia's music video for their song \"Election\n\nQuestion: Define Ravensworth.", "output": "Ravensworth is a village and civil parish in the Holmedale valley, within the Richmondshire district of North Yorkshire, England."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Gibraltar national cricket team is the team that represents the British overseas territory of Gibraltar in international cricket. They have been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1969. Gibraltar played in the ICC Trophy (now replaced by the ICC World Cup Qualifier) from 1982 to 2001, with little success. The team has played in the top-flight of the European Cricket Championship on four occasions, and placed sixth (out of eight teams) at 1996 European Cricket Championship held in Denmark in 1996. After the creation of the World Cricket League, Gibraltar was placed in the 2009 Division Seven. It was subsequently relegated to 2010 Division Eight, where another low finish saw the team again relegated, to regional qualifying tournaments. With approximately 34,000 residents, Gibraltar has one of the smallest populations of any ICC member. Only three members, all fellow dependencies of ICC full members, have a\n\nYokine was a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia from 1996 to 2008. It was named for the northern Perth suburb of Yokine which fell within its borders. The last member for Yokine was Bob Kucera who held the seat for the Labor Party by a margin of 8.2%. The seat was replaced at the 2007 distribution, taking effect at the 2008 election by the new seats of Mount Lawley and Nollamara. History The seat was created at the 1994 redistribution, replacing the seat of Dianella and taking in parts of Balcatta. It was first contested at the 1996 election by Dianella Liberal MLA Kim Hames, Balcatta Labor MLA Nick Catania and Upper House Labor MLC Sam Piantadosi. The seat was won by Hames, who served in the Outer Cabinet during Court's second term in office. Labor nominated Bob Kucera, the popular former Assistant Police Commissioner, who\n\nThe Northern New Jersey Interscholastic League, abbreviated NNJIL, was a former athletic conference located in Bergen County, Passaic County and Essex County, New Jersey. The NNJIL was separated into three divisions, according to the classification they were given from the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association. Former Membership Division A Division B Division C League sports The Northern New Jersey Interscholastic League allowed member schools to compete in many sports spread out among three seasons. Although the league does not have a cheerleading division, many member schools have their own cheerleading teams. Other sports, such as fencing, are offered by some schools, but like cheerleading, were not part of the NNJIL. The following is a list of the sports that the NNJIL offered. Each bullet was an individual team (as in one team for girls and one team for boys \u2014not a combined unisex team), but in sports marked with\n\nQuestion: What is Northern New Jersey Interscholastic League?", "output": "The Northern New Jersey Interscholastic League, abbreviated NNJIL, was a former athletic conference located in Bergen County, Passaic County and Essex County, New Jersey."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "is a Japanese music producer, arranger and bass guitarist. He has worked extensively with Ringo Shiina, serving as her producer and touring bassist for many years, including his tenure with their band Tokyo Jihen. Biography He was born in New York City but moved to Japan when he was one. He started piano classes with his elder sister when he was 3 years old. In 1970 he moved to Osaka. One year later he joined Chisato Elementary School. He began to study classical guitar in 1975 with his elder brother. In 1976 Kameda moved to Tokyo. He developed a hobby of trying to intercept radio signals from across the ocean, using an instrument called BCL (Broadcast Communications Limited), to hear western-style music. In 1977 he started broadcasting his own radio station (FM KAMEDA) from his room. Three years later he joined Musashi High School and bought his first bass guitar,\n\nRobert Francis Wanzer (June 4, 1921 \u2013 January 23, 2016) was an American professional basketball player and coach. A five time NBA All-Star and three time All-NBA Second Team selection, Wanzer played his entire professional career for the Rochester Royals of the Basketball Association of America (BAA) and National Basketball Association (NBA). He won an NBA championship with the Royals in 1951. During his final two years as a player, he served as the team's player-coach. After he retired from playing in 1957, he remained as a coach with the Royals for one season, before he became the head coach of the St. John Fisher Cardinals college basketball team in 1963. He stayed in the role with the college for 24 years until his retirement in 1987. Wanzer was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1987 and into the newly formed New York City Basketball Hall\n\nMichael William Dale (born 22 March 1968) is the keyboardist for the English rock indie band, Embrace. He grew up in the Heaton area of Bradford, West Yorkshire. He officially joined the band in October 1998, just after the release of their first album, The Good Will Out. Dale had been playing live and on record with the rest of the band beforehand, but was an 'unofficial member'. He composed all of the string arrangements for The Good Will Out. Prior to joining Embrace, he had previous experience with local bands Poppy Factory, Kitsch, Copingsaw, Lazer Boy and more famously Cud, who enjoyed moderate success themselves, including three Top 40 singles. As well as his continuing work as a member of Embrace, Dale is currently working as a producer, making records with bands such as Glass Mountain, LELO, Marsicans, Talkboy and Faux Pas. He also owns and runs his own\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Mickey Dale.", "output": "Michael William Dale is the keyboardist for the English rock indie band, Embrace."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Craig Joiner (born 21 April 1974) is a Scottish retired rugby union player who won 25 caps playing on the wing for the Scottish rugby union side between 1994 and 2000. Early life Craig Joiner born on 21 April 1974 in Glasgow, Scotland. He was educated at Merchiston Castle School. Rugby career He joined Leicester Tigers, and often played at outside centre, but returned to Scotland in 2000. He joined Stewart's Melville RFC in 2005. Personal life He is the brother of racing cyclist Charline Joiner. Joiner retired from professional rugby in 2015 to pursue a career in investment management. He initially joined Cornelian Asset Managers where he undertook his professional qualifications before moving on to join Standard Life in 2010. References External links Craig Joiner on Sporting Heroes 1974 births Living people Scottish rugby union players People educated at Merchiston Castle School Leicester Tigers players Alumni of Loughborough University\n\nJulia Agrippina (6 November AD 15 \u2013 23 March AD 59), also referred to as Agrippina the Younger, was Roman empress from 49 to 54 AD, the fourth wife and niece of Emperor Claudius, and the mother of Nero. Agrippina was one of the most prominent women in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. She was the daughter of the Roman general Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder, granddaughter of Augustus (the first Roman emperor). Her father, Germanicus, was the nephew and heir apparent of the second emperor, Tiberius. Agrippina's brother Caligula became emperor in 37 AD. After Caligula was assassinated in 41 AD, Germanicus' brother Claudius took the throne. Agrippina married Claudius in 49 AD. Agrippina functioned as a behind-the-scenes advisor in the affairs of the Roman state via powerful political ties. She maneuvered her son Nero into the line of succession. Claudius became aware of her plotting, but died in 54; it\n\nis a rare creature from the folklore of Amakusa in Kumamoto prefecture that lives in the mountain passes of Kumamoto. Mythology This spirit, which surprises people on the Kusazumigoe mountain pass, is thought to be the ghost of a human who stole oil and fled into the woods. In the days before electricity, oil was a very valuable commodity, necessary for lighting and heating a house. As such, it was thought that the theft of oil, particularly from temples and shrines, could lead to punishment via reincarnation as a y\u014dkai. In many stories an old grandmother walking a mountain pass with her grandchildren will say, \u201cYou know, a long time ago, an abura sumashi used to live in these parts,\u201d and a mysterious voice will call out in reply, \u201cI still do!\u201d Or on rare occasions the abura sumashi will appear to the travelers, materializing out of thin air. In\n\nQuestion: What is Abura-sumashi", "output": "is a rare creature from the folklore of Amakusa in Kumamoto prefecture that lives in the mountain passes of Kumamoto."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Edward Urban Kmiec (, ; June 4, 1936 \u2013 July 11, 2020) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the 13th bishop of the Diocese of Buffalo in New York from 2004 to 2012. Kmiec previously served as an auxiliary bishop for the Diocese of Trenton from 1982 to 1992 and as bishop of the Diocese of Nashville in Tennessee from 1992 to 2004 Biography Edward Kmiec was born in Trenton, New Jersey, on June 4, 1936. At age 25, Kmiec was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Trenton by Archbishop Martin O\u2019Connor in Rome on December 20, 1961. Auxiliary Bishop of Trenton Pope John Paul II appointed Kmiec on August 26, 1982, as an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Trenton and Titular Bishop of Simidicca. He was consecrated on November 3, 1982 by Bishop John C. Reiss. Bishop of Nashville John Paul\n\nPeter Overend Watts (13 May 1947 \u2013 22 January 2017) was an English bass guitar player and founding member of the 1970s rock band Mott the Hoople. Early life Watts was born in Yardley, Birmingham, on 13 May 1947. He moved as a child to Worthing, Sussex, and then to Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire, where he started learning guitar while at Ross Grammar School. His middle name, Overend (which initially he did not use), came from that of a family ancestor. Career Watts began playing the guitar at the age of 13 and by 1965, he had switched to bass guitar, and became a professional musician alongside Mick Ralphs in a group, the Buddies, that played in German clubs. The group later became the Doc Thomas Group, and then Shakedown Sound, before finally changing their name to Silence and settling in London in 1969. The group then added singer Ian Hunter, became\n\nR\u00e9gine Cavagnoud (27 June 1970 \u2013 31 October 2001) was a World Cup alpine ski racer from France. She was the World Cup and World Champion in Super-G in 2001. Later that year, Cavagnoud was involved in a high-speed collision while training and died two days later. She competed at three Winter Olympics and five world championships. Career Born in Th\u00f4nes, Haute-Savoie, Cavagnoud's career was plagued by injuries. She finally secured a World Cup race victory in her tenth year of competition, a downhill at Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, in January 1999. That was the first World Cup downhill race victory by a Frenchwoman in 17 years. Cavagnoud had eight World Cup victories: four in Super-G, three in downhill, and two in giant slalom. Her last victory was in March 2001 in giant slalom at the national championships in Courchevel, France. She topped the super-G season standings in 2001 and was\n\nQuestion: What is Edward Kmiec", "output": "Edward Urban Kmiec was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Rabbit's Moon is an avant-garde short film by American filmmaker Kenneth Anger. Filmed in 1950, Rabbit's Moon was not completed (nor did it see release) until 1971. Anger re-released the film in 1979, sped up and with a different soundtrack. Filmed under a blue filter and set within a wooded glade during the night, the plot revolves around a clown, Pierrot, his longing for the Moon (in which lives a rabbit, according to both East Asian folklore and Aztec mythology), and his futile attempts to jump up and catch it. Subsequently, another clown (Harlequin) appears and teases Pierrot, showing him Columbina, with whom he appears to fall in love. Production The sets were borrowed from French filmmaker Jean-Pierre Melville. Music The 1971 version of Rabbit's Moon features a soundtrack consisting of 1950s and '60s pop: \"There's a Moon Out Tonight\" by The Capris, \"Oh, What a Night\" by The Dells,\n\nViestards (also Viesthard, Vesthardus, Viesturs; died 1230) was one of the greatest Semigallian dukes in the 13th century, referred to as King Vester (). Life His capital was T\u0113rvete hillfort. During the first decades of the 13th century he was allied with the Livonian Brothers of the Sword against Lithuanians, who looted Semigallia on several occasions. In 1205, joint forces of semigallians and crusaders defeated Lithuanians and killed duke \u017dvelgaitis. In 1208 Viestards led a united Semigallian and crusader army into Lithuania but was heavily defeated. In 1219 Viestards came into conflict with German bishop Albert when German crusaders placed their garrison in Semigallian castle of Me\u017eotne. Viestards unsuccessfully attacked Me\u017eotne but managed to defeat the reinforcement of crusaders coming on Lielupe river after that crusaders left Me\u017eotne. Viestards became an enemy of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and made an alliance with his neighbors, the Samogitians. Together they\n\nThe Tata Sierra, was a three-door sport utility vehicle produced by the Indian carmaker Tata Motors It was based on the Tata Telcoline. In the export market, the Sierra was sold as Tata Sport, Tata Telcosport and Tata Grand Telcosport, Tata Gurkha. History The Tata Sierra was launched in 1991 and is the first off-road Sport Utility vehicle produced by the Indian company; and was based on the Tata Telcoline (pick-up originally launched in 1988 from which it takes the mechanical parts, the front facia, and the internal dashboard.) The differences are in the shortened wheelbase at 2.40 meters (compared to the single-cab Telcoline). The Sierra was also one of the first cars for private transport in India and, being built on the Tata ''X2 platform\" with side members and crossbars, could be used on every road surface, especially the uneven ones being proposed both rear-wheel drive and four-wheel drive.\n\nQuestion: Who was Viestards?", "output": "Viestards was one of the greatest Semigallian dukes in the 13th century, referred to as King Vester."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Leslie Kish (born L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Kiss, July 27, 1910 \u2013 October 7, 2000) was a Hungarian-American statistician and survey methodologist. Life and career Kish emigrated with his family to the USA in 1925. His father soon died, and Kish helped support the family by working while continuing his studies in the evenings. In 1937 he volunteered for the International Brigade to fight against Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War. He saw action in a Hungarian battalion, was wounded, and returned to the United States in 1939. In 1939, he finished his baccalaureate in mathematics at the City College of New York. He worked at the U.S. Bureau of the Census from 1940 until 1941, when he moved to the Division of Program Surveys of the Department of Agriculture. For the remainder of World War II he served as a meteorologist in the U.S. Army Air Corps. After the war he\n\nWilliam Nygaard (born 16 March 1943) is the retired head of the Norwegian publishing company Aschehoug. He was also chairman of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. He has two children. Business career From 1974 to 2010, he was the chief publisher of Aschehoug, Norway's second largest publishing house, which is owned by the Nygaard family. When he took this job he followed the footsteps of his father Mads Wiel Nygaard and grandfather William Martin Nygaard who was leading the company in earlier years, and the tradition continues since he left the job to his son, Mads Nygaard. William Nygaard was chairman of the Norwegian Publishers Association from 1987 to 1990. From 2010 to 2014, he was employed as a director of NRK (the state owned TV of Norway). Assassination attempt On 12 April 1989, Aschehoug and William Nygaard were responsible for publishing the Norwegian edition of Salman Rushdie's novel The Satanic\n\n\"Take It Back\" is a song by the progressive rock band Pink Floyd, released as the seventh track on their 1994 album The Division Bell. It was also released as a single on 16 May 1994, the first from the album, and Pink Floyd's first for seven years. The single peaked at number 23 on the UK Singles Chart, the fourth highest in the band's history, below 1979 number 1 hit \"Another Brick In The Wall\" and 1967 top 20 hits \"See Emily Play\" and \"Arnold Layne.\" The music for the song was written by guitarist David Gilmour and album co-producer Bob Ezrin, with lyrics by Gilmour, his wife Polly Samson and Nick Laird-Clowes. Equipment Guitarist David Gilmour used an E-bow on a Gibson J-200 acoustic guitar that is processed through a Zoom effects box, then directly injected into the board. The lyrics include a common British reading of the\n\nQuestion: Tell me about Leslie Kish.", "output": "Leslie Kish was a Hungarian-American statistician and survey methodologist."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The black-fronted duiker (Cephalophus nigrifrons) is a small antelope found in central and west-central Africa. Description The black-fronted duiker is a compact, short-necked, and active antelope that gets its name from the broad black streak that runs from the nose to its forehead, a feature distinguishing it from its congeners. It has a glossy coat that is deep reddish-mahogany to a lighter orange-chestnut in colour, the hair becoming sparser and darker on the long legs. It has a short tail that is black with a white tip and short, pointed horns, measuring 4\u201312 cm, which are carried by both sexes and are used for defense against other duikers and predators. Their elongated hooves appear to be an adaptation to the wet habitats they seem to prefer. It weighs and has a shoulder height of . Distribution The black-fronted duiker is found in central and west-central Africa, with an isolated population\n\nThe Gilman Paper Company collection is an archive of original photographic prints and negatives, and it was donated to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The collection was formed over the course of two decades (roughly 1977\u20131997) by Howard Gilman (1924\u20131998), chairman of the Gilman Paper Company. Publication A bound folio of the collection was published as Photographs from the Collection of the Gilman Paper Company by The White Oak Press, 1985. The edition was limited to 1200 copies. The images were curated by Pierre Apraxine and the plates were made by master printer and photographer Richard Benson. The curated images in Photographs from the Collection of the Gilman Paper Company consist of iconic images from the era of daguerreotypes to 1960's images by Robert Frank and Diane Arbus. Richard Benson's print work for the publication is described as \"the magisterial Photographs from the Collection of the Gilman Paper Company (1985),\n\nIn photography and videography, a matte box is a device attached to the end of a lens in order to prevent light leakage. It performs and mounts essentially the same as a lens hood, but usually includes adjustable fins called French flags. Another purpose of a matte box is to hold filters in place in front of the lens. Some are supported by two rods that run the length of the camera, while others are supported by the lens itself. A matte box may have a bellows, a rigid sunshade, or both. If both, the bellows is positioned within the rigid sunshade, having a mask which may be adjusted forward or backward to suit the angle of view of the camera system. See also Barn doors \u2013 stage lights Lens hood \u2013 still camera Further reading to Roger C. Field for a matte box having an adjustable mask with a\n\nQuestion: Define Gilman Paper Company collection.", "output": "The Gilman Paper Company collection is an archive of original photographic prints and negatives, and it was donated to the Metropolitan Museum of Art."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Malcolm Goldstein (born March 27, 1936 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American-Canadian composer, violinist and improviser who has been active in the presentation of new music and dance since the early 1960s. He received an M.A. in music composition from Columbia University in 1960, having studied with Otto Luening. In the 1960s in New York City, he was a co-founder with James Tenney and Philip Corner of the Tone Roads Ensemble and was a participant in the Judson Dance Theater, the New York Festival of the Avant-Garde and the Experimental Intermedia Foundation. Since then, he has toured extensively throughout North America and Europe, with solo concerts as well as with new music and dance ensembles. Since the mid-1960s he has integrated structured improvisation aspects into his compositions, exploring the rich sound textures of new performance techniques within a variety of instrumental and vocal frameworks. Numerous ensembles such as Essential\n\nAmblygonite () is a fluorophosphate mineral, , composed of lithium, sodium, aluminium, phosphate, fluoride and hydroxide. The mineral occurs in pegmatite deposits and is easily mistaken for albite and other feldspars. Its density, cleavage and flame test for lithium are diagnostic. Amblygonite forms a series with montebrasite, the low fluorine endmember. Geologic occurrence is in granite pegmatites, high-temperature tin veins, and greisens. Amblygonite occurs with spodumene, apatite, lepidolite, tourmaline, and other lithium-bearing minerals in pegmatite veins. It contains about 10% lithium, and has been utilized as a source of lithium. The chief commercial sources have historically been the deposits of California and France. History The mineral was first discovered in Saxony by August Breithaupt in 1817, and named by him from the Greek amblus, blunt, and gonia, angle, because of the obtuse angle between the cleavages. Later it was found at Montebras, Creuse, France, and at Hebron in Maine; and\n\nThe Timmins Rock are a Junior \"A\" ice hockey team from Timmins, Ontario, Canada. They are a part of the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League (NOJHL). History The Timmins Golden Bears became members of the NOJHL in 1991. The Golden Bears won their league championship in 1995. In 1999, the Timmins Golden Bears relocated to Iroquois Falls, Ontario, and became the Iroquois Falls Jr. Eskies. After three seasons, the Jr. Eskies re-branded as the Abitibi Eskimos. Attendance improved and the Eskimos played good-quality hockey. The Eskimos hosted the 2007 Dudley Hewitt Cup, but lost the semi-finals to the Schreiber Diesels. Three years later in 2009\u201310, the Eskimos clinched first overall and won the NOJHL championship over the Soo Thunderbirds, who were hosting the Dudley Hewitt Cup. The Eskimos would finish 4th in the 2010 Dudley Hewitt Cup tournament. The Eskimos never made the NOJHL finals again. In March 2015, the\n\nQuestion: Who is Malcolm Goldstein?", "output": "Malcolm Goldstein is an American-Canadian composer, violinist and improviser who has been active in the presentation of new music and dance since the early 1960s."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "A Principal protected note (PPN) is an investment contract with a guaranteed rate of return of at least the amount invested, and a possible gain. Although traditional fixed income investments such as guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and bonds provide investment security with little or no risk of capital loss, they provide modest returns. While stocks have the potential to deliver substantial returns, they do so at much greater risk. Throughout the unpredictable and volatile market conditions that characterised the late 1990s and early 2000s, investors increasingly sought out new approaches to investing that offered both security and potential growth. Principal protected notes (PPNs) were introduced to the North American financial marketplace at that time. Part of the structured products category, principal protected notes (also known as Guaranteed Linked Notes), can be linked to a broad range of underlying investments. These investments include indexes, mutual funds, baskets of mutual funds, baskets\n\nSue\u00f1os L\u00edquidos (Spanish for Liquid Dreams) is the fifth studio album (ninth overall) recorded by Mexican rock band Man\u00e1, It was released by WEA Latina on October 14, 1997 (see 1997 in music). After its release for the first time in over 36 countries across the globe, the band began to receive wide international attention, especially in Spain and the U.S., where the album sold over one million copies. This album was born of the desire to create an environment where water, a vital element, has an important presence. Because of this, the record was recorded in the coastal city of Puerto Vallarta, an important location in the creative atlas of Man\u00e1. Sue\u00f1os L\u00edquidos garnered Man\u00e1 its first Grammy Award, for Best Latin Rock/Alternative Performance. The album was given a Premio Lo Nuestro award for \"Pop Album of the Year\" which was shared with Shakira for \"\u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1n los ladrones?.\n\nA minor major seventh chord, or minor/major seventh chord (also known as the Hitchcock Chord) is a seventh chord composed of a root, minor third, perfect fifth, and major seventh (1, 3, 5, and 7). It can be viewed as a minor triad with an additional major seventh. When using popular-music symbols, it is denoted by mM7, m\u03947, \u2212\u03947, mM7, m/M7, m(M7), minmaj7, m\u2466, m7, m7+, etc. For example, the minor major seventh chord built on A, written as AmM7, has pitches A-C-E-G: The chord can be represented by the integer notation {0, 3, 7, 11}. Use The chord occurs on the tonic when harmonizing the harmonic minor scale in seventh chords. That is, the first, third, fifth, and seventh scale degrees of the harmonic minor scale form a minor major seventh chord, as shown below. The harmonic minor scale has a raised seventh, creating a minor second (half step)\n\nQuestion: Define Principal protected note.", "output": "A Principal protected note is an investment contract with a guaranteed rate of return of at least the amount invested, and a possible gain."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Xenon trioxide is an unstable compound of xenon in its +6 oxidation state. It is a very powerful oxidizing agent, and liberates oxygen from water slowly, accelerated by exposure to sunlight. It is dangerously explosive upon contact with organic materials. When it detonates, it releases xenon and oxygen gas. Chemistry Synthesis of xenon trioxide is by aqueous hydrolysis of : + 3 \u2192 + 6 HF The resulting xenon trioxide crystals are a strong oxidising agent and can oxidise most substances that are at all oxidisable. However, it is slow-acting and this reduces its usefulness. Above 25 \u00b0C, xenon trioxide is very prone to violent explosion: 2 XeO3 \u2192 2 Xe + 3 O2 (\u0394Hf = \u2212403 kJ/mol) When it dissolves in water, an acidic solution of xenic acid is formed: XeO3(aq) + H2O \u2192 H2XeO4 H+ + This solution is stable at room temperature and lacks the explosive properties\n\nSacral architecture (also known as sacred architecture or religious architecture) is a religious architectural practice concerned with the design and construction of places of worship or sacred or intentional space, such as churches, mosques, stupas, synagogues, and temples. Many cultures devoted considerable resources to their sacred architecture and places of worship. Religious and sacred spaces are amongst the most impressive and permanent monolithic buildings created by humanity. Conversely, sacred architecture as a locale for meta-intimacy may also be non-monolithic, ephemeral and intensely private, personal and non-public. Sacred, religious and holy structures often evolved over centuries and were the largest buildings in the world, prior to the modern skyscraper. While the various styles employed in sacred architecture sometimes reflected trends in other structures, these styles also remained unique from the contemporary architecture used in other structures. With the rise of Christianity and Islam, religious buildings increasingly became centres of worship, prayer\n\nThe \u00celes des Saintes (; ), also known as Les Saintes (, ), is a group of small islands in the archipelago of Guadeloupe, an overseas department of France. It is part of the Canton of Trois-Rivi\u00e8res and is divided into two communes: Terre-de-Haut and Terre-de-Bas. It is in the arrondissement of Basse-Terre and also in Guadeloupe's 4th constituency. History Pre-Columbian Les Saintes, due to their location in the heart of the Lesser Antilles, were frequented first by Indian tribes coming from Caribbean and Central America. Caarouca\u00ebra (the Arawak name of \u00celes des Saintes), although uninhabited due to the lack of spring water, were regularly visited by Arawak peoples then Kalinagos living on the neighbourhood islands of Guadeloupe and Dominica around the 9th century. They went there to practise hunting and fishing. The archaeological remains of war axes and pottery dug up on the site of Anse Rodrigue's Beach and\n\nQuestion: What is \u00celes des Saintes", "output": "The \u00celes des Saintes, also known as Les Saintes, is a group of small islands in the archipelago of  Guadeloupe, an overseas department of France."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The Gibraltar national cricket team is the team that represents the British overseas territory of Gibraltar in international cricket. They have been an associate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) since 1969. Gibraltar played in the ICC Trophy (now replaced by the ICC World Cup Qualifier) from 1982 to 2001, with little success. The team has played in the top-flight of the European Cricket Championship on four occasions, and placed sixth (out of eight teams) at 1996 European Cricket Championship held in Denmark in 1996. After the creation of the World Cricket League, Gibraltar was placed in the 2009 Division Seven. It was subsequently relegated to 2010 Division Eight, where another low finish saw the team again relegated, to regional qualifying tournaments. With approximately 34,000 residents, Gibraltar has one of the smallest populations of any ICC member. Only three members, all fellow dependencies of ICC full members, have a\n\nIn orbital mechanics, a free-return trajectory is a trajectory of a spacecraft traveling away from a primary body (for example, the Earth) where gravity due to a secondary body (for example, the Moon) causes the spacecraft to return to the primary body without propulsion (hence the term free). Many free-return trajectories are designed to intersect the atmosphere; however, periodic versions exist which pass the moon and Earth at constant periapsis, which have been proposed for cyclers. Earth\u2013Moon The first spacecraft to use a free-return trajectory was the Soviet Luna 3 mission in October 1959. It used the Moon's gravity to send it back towards the Earth so that the photographs it had taken of the far side of the Moon could be downloaded by radio. Symmetrical free-return trajectories were studied by Arthur Schwaniger of NASA in 1963 with reference to the Earth\u2013Moon system. He studied cases in which the trajectory\n\nM\u00f8ller scattering is the name given to electron-electron scattering in quantum field theory, named after the Danish physicist Christian M\u00f8ller. The electron interaction that is idealized in M\u00f8ller scattering forms the theoretical basis of many familiar phenomena such as the repulsion of electrons in the helium atom. While formerly many particle colliders were designed specifically for electron-electron collisions, more recently electron-positron colliders have become more common. Nevertheless, M\u00f8ller scattering remains a paradigmatic process within the theory of particle interactions. We can express this process in the usual notation, often used in particle physics: In quantum electrodynamics, there are two tree-level Feynman diagrams describing the process: a t-channel diagram in which the electrons exchange a photon and a similar u-channel diagram. Crossing symmetry, one of the tricks often used to evaluate Feynman diagrams, in this case implies that M\u00f8ller scattering should have the same cross section as Bhabha scattering (electron-positron scattering).\n\nQuestion: What is Gibraltar national cricket team?", "output": "The Gibraltar national cricket team is the team that represents the British overseas territory of Gibraltar in international cricket."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "The River North Gallery District or simply River North, in Chicago, is in the Near North Side, Chicago. It once hosted the largest concentration of art galleries in the United States outside of Manhattan. River North has experienced vast changes in the years 1990 - 2012, including the development of large high-rise buildings, nightclubs and restaurants. River North has become one of Chicago's top neighborhoods for nightlife especially on and around Hubbard Street.Today there are far fewer galleries but the artistic spirit remains, with regular art openings taking place as well as a Fall River North Design District Walk taking place every September. A common definition puts the River North neighborhood in the area north of the Chicago River and the Merchandise Mart, south of Division Street, east of the Chicago River and west of Wabash Avenue. Along with a handful of art galleries today, the area holds many bars,\n\nThe Celtic languages ( ) are a group of related languages descended from Proto-Celtic. They form a branch of the Indo-European language family. The term \"Celtic\" was first used to describe this language group by Edward Lhuyd in 1707, following Paul-Yves Pezron, who made the explicit link between the Celts described by classical writers and the Welsh and Breton languages. During the first millennium BC, Celtic languages were spoken across much of Europe and central Anatolia. Today, they are restricted to the northwestern fringe of Europe and a few diaspora communities. There are six living languages: the four continuously living languages Breton, Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Welsh, and the two revived languages Cornish and Manx. All are minority languages in their respective countries, though there are continuing efforts at revitalisation. Welsh is an official language in Wales and Irish is an official language of Ireland and of the European Union.\n\nScleromochlus (from , 'hard' and , 'lever') is an extinct genus of small pterosauromorph archosaurs from the Late Triassic period. The genus contains the type and only species Scleromochlus taylori, named by Arthur Smith Woodward in 1907. Discovery Its fossils have been found in the Carnian Lossiemouth Sandstone of Scotland. The holotype was discovered around 1900 and is listed as specimen BMNH R3556, a partial skeleton preserved as an impression in sandstone, with portions of the skull and tail missing. Description Scleromochlus taylori was about long, with long hind legs; it may have been capable of four-legged and two-legged locomotion. Studies about its gait suggest that it engaged in kangaroo- or springhare-like plantigrade hopping; however, a 2020 reassessment of Scleromochlus by Bennett suggested that it was a \"sprawling quadrupedal hopper analogous to frogs.\" If Scleromochlus is indeed related to pterosaurs, this may offer insight as to how the latter evolved,\n\nQuestion: What is Scleromochlus", "output": "Scleromochlus is an extinct genus of small pterosauromorph archosaurs from the Late Triassic period."}, {"instruction": "Answer the question in a complete sentence using the passages below.", "input": "Laurel Canyon Boulevard is a major street in the city of Los Angeles. It starts off at Polk Street in Sylmar in the northern San Fernando Valley near the junction of the San Diego (Interstate 405) and the Golden State (I-5)) freeways. Laurel Canyon Boulevard bypasses the city of San Fernando to the west, running parallel to I-5 in the vicinity of Pacoima and Arleta. The portion through Sun Valley passes through rock quarries and a great deal of open space. From the intersection with Webb Avenue, Laurel Canyon Boulevard heads due south, cutting through North Hollywood, closely following the Hollywood Freeway (SR 170). Laurel Canyon Boulevard passes through the Valley Village neighborhood, one mile (1.6 km) west of the Hollywood Split (the intersection of the Hollywood (U.S. 101/SR 170) and Ventura (U.S. 101/SR 134) freeways). This would have been the start of the proposed Laurel Canyon Freeway, which would\n\nAlbertino Essers (born 30 May 1969) is a Dutch former professional darts player. Nicknamed The Sensation, he competed in British Darts Organisation (BDO) events. Career In the 2007 BDO World Darts Championship, Essers defeated the number 2 seed, Scotland's Gary Anderson, in the first round, but lost to Scotsman Paul Hanvidge in the second round. Paul Hogan beat Essers in the second round in 2006, after Essers had defeated Ted Hankey 3\u20131 in the first round. At one point Essers suffered from dartitis, an inability to release the dart while throwing. World Championship performances BDO 2003: 1st Round (lost to Richie Davies 1\u20133) 2004: 1st Round (lost to Steve Duke 1\u20133) 2006: 2nd Round (lost to Paul Hogan 2\u20134) 2007: 2nd Round (lost to Paul Hanvidge 1\u20134) Performance timeline Notes External links Profile and stats on Darts Database 1969 births Living people People from Renkum Sportspeople from Gelderland Dutch darts\n\n\"I Got the Fire\" is a song written by American musician Ronnie Montrose and originally recorded by his band Montrose in 1974. It was later covered by Axe in 1982 and Iron Maiden in 1983. Recorded versions Montrose version The song was originally released by Montrose on their 1974 Paper Money album. The guitar solo was the result of a fortunate accident. As AllMusic noted, it was the result of \"a studio screwup which resulted in the bottom-heavy reverberating noise in its intro.\" The song was one of the last the band recorded with original vocalist Sammy Hagar before he left Montrose to start a solo career. Iron Maiden version With a slight title change to \"I've Got the Fire\", the song was covered by English heavy metal band Iron Maiden as the B-side of their \"Flight of Icarus\" single in 1983. The band had earlier released a live version\n\nQuestion: What is Laurel Canyon Boulevard?", "output": "Laurel Canyon Boulevard is a major street in the city of Los Angeles."}]