model card
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README.md
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+
---
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license: mit
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library_name: pytorch
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pipeline_tag: image-to-image
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tags:
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- satellite-imagery
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- remote-sensing
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- super-resolution
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- image-outpainting
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- flow-matching
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- generative-model
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---
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+
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# Genesis
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+
**A Generative Engine for Hierarchical Satellite Image Synthesis** — ACM SIGSPATIAL 2026.
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[](https://subash-khanal.github.io/genesis)
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+

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[](https://github.com/subash-khanal/genesis)
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+

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Genesis completes a sparse set of seed satellite tiles into a full, zoomable Web-Mercator
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**quadtree** — filling every scale and location. Two flow-matching *JiT* operators do the work: a
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**parent-conditional super-resolution** model (one 256×256 parent tile → the 512×512 mosaic of its
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four children, one zoom level down) and a **mask-based outpainting** model (256×256 completion
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under quadrant masks). Composed into a pyramid engine, they bring the seeds to a common working
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level, greedily outpaint to complete that level, super-resolve down to the leaf tiles, and fill the
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coarser levels by downsampling — yielding a pyramid that is consistent across scales and honors
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every seed. Models are trained on the Git-10M global tile corpus.
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*Subash Khanal, Yangzhi Cui, Daniel Cher, Eric Xing, Brian Wei, Srikumar Sastry, Nathan Jacobs —
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Washington University in St. Louis.*
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+

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+
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## Checkpoints
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All models sample with **50 flow-matching steps, cfg = 1.0** (the paper eval setting) and load
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**EMA** weights. Main runs are trained to 800k steps; the SR ablation grid (JiT-B/16) to 500k,
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toggling {DINOv3 conditioning on/off} × {LPIPS loss on/off}. The main SR models are
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DINOv3-conditioned (+LPIPS); the main outpainting models are no-DINO.
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| Path | Model / arch | Size | Train steps | What it's for |
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|---|---|---:|---:|---|
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| `main/superresolution/main_B16/sr-full-tile-stage3-step0800000.ckpt` | SR · JiT-B/16 | 3.3 GB | 800k | **Main SR** (DINOv3 + LPIPS), 256→512 |
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| `main/superresolution/main_H16/sr-full-tile-stage3-step0800000.ckpt` | SR · JiT-H/16 | 23 GB | 800k | **Main SR**, largest model |
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| `main/outpainting/main_B16/op-new-stage3-step0800000.ckpt` | OP · JiT-B/16 | 3.6 GB | 800k | **Main outpainting** (no-DINO, quadrant masks) |
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| `main/outpainting/main_H16/op-new-stage3-step0800000.ckpt` | OP · JiT-H/16 | 26 GB | 800k | **Main outpainting**, largest model |
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| `ablations/abl_nodino_nolpips/sr-full-tile-stage3-step0500000.ckpt` | SR · JiT-B/16 | 3.2 GB | 500k | Ablation: DINOv3 off · LPIPS off |
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| `ablations/abl_dino_nolpips/sr-full-tile-stage3-step0500000.ckpt` | SR · JiT-B/16 | 3.3 GB | 500k | Ablation: DINOv3 on · LPIPS off |
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| `ablations/abl_nodino_lpips/sr-full-tile-stage3-step0500000.ckpt` | SR · JiT-B/16 | 3.2 GB | 500k | Ablation: DINOv3 off · LPIPS on |
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| `ablations/abl_dino_lpips/sr-full-tile-stage3-step0500000.ckpt` | SR · JiT-B/16 | 3.3 GB | 500k | Ablation: DINOv3 on · LPIPS on |
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| `shared/git10m_quad_meta.json` | metadata | 1.7 GB | — | Git-10M split metadata (paper eval) |
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| `shared/hierarchy_index_quad.pkl` | metadata | 0.6 GB | — | Parent↔child quadtree index (paper eval) |
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| `dinov3_vitl16_pretrain_sat493m-eadcf0ff.pth` | DINOv3 ViT-L/16 (SAT-493M) | 1.2 GB | — | Frozen conditioning encoder for SR |
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| `example_sr_op.py` | script | — | — | Runnable quick start (below) |
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## Quick start
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Install the code repo (checkpoints download from this HF repo automatically):
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/subash-khanal/genesis && cd genesis
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uv sync && source .venv/bin/activate # Python 3.13, torch 2.8 cu128
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```
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Then run one SR ×2 pass and one quadrant-outpainting pass on a **live Esri World Imagery tile**
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(the Sydney Opera House waterfront at zoom 16 serves as the dummy input — the script fetches it
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over the network):
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```python
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import os, sys
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sys.path.insert(0, "src")
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sys.path.insert(0, "demos") # demos/ last = highest priority (its utils/ package must win)
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from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
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from PIL import Image
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from utils.genesis_common import (
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fetch_tile_at_zoom, inference_device,
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load_sr_denoiser, load_op_denoiser,
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run_superresolution, run_outpainting,
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)
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device = inference_device() # cuda if available, else cpu
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sr_ckpt = hf_hub_download("MVRL/genesis", "main/superresolution/main_B16/sr-full-tile-stage3-step0800000.ckpt")
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op_ckpt = hf_hub_download("MVRL/genesis", "main/outpainting/main_B16/op-new-stage3-step0800000.ckpt")
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dino = hf_hub_download("MVRL/genesis", "dinov3_vitl16_pretrain_sat493m-eadcf0ff.pth")
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lat, lon, zoom = -33.8568, 151.2153, 16
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tile = fetch_tile_at_zoom(lon, lat, zoom) # one real 256×256 Esri tile
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# SR: z16 parent → 512×512 mosaic of its four z17 children (steps=50, cfg=1.0 defaults)
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sr_model, _ = load_sr_denoiser(sr_ckpt, "JiT-B/16", dino_weights=dino, device=device)
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run_superresolution(sr_model, tile, device, target_zoom=zoom + 1).save("genesis_sr_out.png")
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# OP: keep the upper-left quadrant real, outpaint the other three (white = hole)
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mask = Image.new("L", (256, 256), 255)
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mask.paste(0, (0, 0, 128, 128))
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op_model, _ = load_op_denoiser(op_ckpt, "JiT-B/16", dino_weights="", device=device)
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run_outpainting(op_model, tile, mask, device, tile_zoom=zoom).save("genesis_op_out.png")
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```
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Or as a one-liner — download [`example_sr_op.py`](example_sr_op.py) from this repo into the
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checkout root and run:
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```bash
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python example_sr_op.py
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```
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> Live imagery: Esri World Imagery — Source: Esri, Maxar, Earthstar Geographics, and the GIS User
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> Community.
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## Demos
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Interactive Gradio apps live in the code repo — see
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[`demos/README.md`](https://github.com/subash-khanal/genesis/blob/main/demos/README.md).
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The main one is the **full-pyramid builder** (`demos/app_pyramid_unified.py`): click a satellite
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map to drop sparse seed tiles and watch Genesis complete an entire 4-level quadtree live,
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tile-by-tile, with a stitched-PNG download. Companion apps cover single-tile 256→512 SR, quadrant
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outpainting, a large lateral-outpainting grid, a deep 6-level pyramid, and no-model interpolation
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baselines.
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## Reproduce the paper
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One command per paper table — see
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[`docs/EVALUATION.md`](https://github.com/subash-khanal/genesis/blob/main/docs/EVALUATION.md)
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in the code repo:
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`bash src/eval/run_all_sr.sh` · `run_all_op.sh` · `run_all_ablation.sh` · `run_all_dense500.sh`,
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each with the paper-exact defaults baked in.
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{khanal2026genesis,
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title = {{Genesis}: A Generative Engine for Hierarchical Satellite Image Synthesis},
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author = {Khanal, Subash and Cui, Yangzhi and Cher, Daniel and Xing, Eric and
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Wei, Brian and Sastry, Srikumar and Jacobs, Nathan},
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booktitle = {ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in
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Geographic Information Systems (SIGSPATIAL)},
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year = {2026},
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}
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```
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## License & acknowledgments
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The Genesis code and checkpoints are released under the **MIT License** (see the
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[code repo](https://github.com/subash-khanal/genesis)).
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`dinov3_vitl16_pretrain_sat493m-eadcf0ff.pth` is the satellite-pretrained (SAT-493M) ViT-L/16
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encoder from Meta AI's [DINOv3](https://github.com/facebookresearch/dinov3) release, redistributed
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here unmodified for convenience; it remains governed by Meta's DINOv3 license, not MIT. At
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inference the SR model loads it via `torch.hub.load('facebookresearch/dinov3', 'dinov3_vitl16',
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weights=...)`.
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Training data comes from the [Git-10M](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lcybuaa/Git-10M) global
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satellite-tile corpus. Demo/example imagery is fetched live from Esri World Imagery (attribution
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above).
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