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---
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##
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### Model Description
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<!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
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This is the model card of a 🤗 transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated.
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- **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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### Model Sources [optional]
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- **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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## Uses
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<!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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### Direct Use
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<!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Downstream Use [optional]
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<!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Training Data
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[More Information Needed]
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### Training Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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#### Preprocessing [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Training Hyperparameters
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- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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## Evaluation
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Factors
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<!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Metrics
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<!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Results
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Summary
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## Model Examination [optional]
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<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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## Technical Specifications [optional]
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### Model Architecture and Objective
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[More Information Needed]
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### Compute Infrastructure
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Hardware
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#### Software
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language:
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- nag
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license: cc-by-4.0
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tags:
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- bert
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- roberta
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- nagamese
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- low-resource
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- creole
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- northeast-india
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- token-classification
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- fill-mask
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datasets:
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- agnivamaiti/naganlp-ner-annotated-corpus
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metrics:
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- accuracy
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- f1
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- precision
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- recall
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model-index:
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- name: NagameseBERT
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results:
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- task:
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type: token-classification
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name: Part-of-Speech Tagging
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dataset:
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name: NagaNLP Annotated Corpus
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type: agnivamaiti/naganlp-ner-annotated-corpus
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metrics:
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- type: accuracy
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value: 88.35
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name: Accuracy
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- type: f1
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value: 80.72
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name: F1 (macro)
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- task:
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type: token-classification
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name: Named Entity Recognition
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dataset:
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name: NagaNLP Annotated Corpus
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type: agnivamaiti/naganlp-ner-annotated-corpus
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metrics:
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- type: accuracy
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value: 91.74
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name: Accuracy
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- type: f1
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value: 56.51
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name: F1 (macro)
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---
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# NagameseBERT
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[](https://huggingface.co/MWirelabs/nagamesebert)
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[](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagamese_Creole)
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**A Foundational BERT model for Nagamese Creole** - A compact, efficient language model for a low resource Northeast Indian language.
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---
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## Overview
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NagameseBERT is a 7M parameter RoBERTa-style BERT model pre-trained on 42,552 Nagamese sentences. Despite being 15× smaller than multilingual models like mBERT (110M) and XLM-RoBERTa (125M), it achieves competitive performance on downstream NLP tasks while offering significant efficiency advantages.
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**Key Features:**
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- **Compact**: 6.9M parameters (15× smaller than mBERT)
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- **Efficient**: Pre-trained in 35 minutes on single A40 GPU
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- **Custom tokenizer**: 8K BPE vocabulary optimized for Nagamese
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- **Rigorous evaluation**: Multi-seed testing (n=3) with reproducible results
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- **Open**: Model, code, and data splits publicly available
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---
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## Performance
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Multi-seed evaluation results (mean ± std, n=3):
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| Model | Parameters | POS Accuracy | POS F1 | NER Accuracy | NER F1 |
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|-------|-----------|--------------|--------|--------------|--------|
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| **NagameseBERT** | **7M** | **88.35 ± 0.71%** | **0.807 ± 0.013** | **91.74 ± 0.68%** | **0.565 ± 0.054** |
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| mBERT | 110M | 95.14 ± 0.47% | 0.916 ± 0.008 | 96.11 ± 0.72% | 0.750 ± 0.064 |
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| XLM-RoBERTa | 125M | 95.64 ± 0.56% | 0.919 ± 0.008 | 96.38 ± 0.26% | 0.819 ± 0.066 |
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**Trade-off**: 6-7 percentage points lower accuracy with 15× parameter reduction, enabling resource-constrained deployment.
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---
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## Model Details
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### Architecture
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- **Type**: RoBERTa-style BERT (no token type embeddings)
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- **Hidden size**: 256
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- **Layers**: 6 transformer blocks
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- **Attention heads**: 4 per layer
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- **Intermediate size**: 1,024
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- **Max sequence length**: 64 tokens
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- **Total parameters**: 6,878,528
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### Tokenizer
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- **Type**: Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE)
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- **Vocabulary size**: 8,000 tokens
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- **Special tokens**: `[PAD]`, `[UNK]`, `[CLS]`, `[SEP]`, `[MASK]`
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- **Normalization**: NFD Unicode + accent stripping
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- **Case**: Preserved (for proper nouns and code-switched English)
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### Training Data
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- **Corpus size**: 42,552 Nagamese sentences
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- **Average length**: 11.82 tokens/sentence
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- **Split**: 90% train (38,296) / 10% validation (4,256)
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- **Sources**: Web, social media, community contributions (deduplicated)
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### Pre-training
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- **Objective**: Masked Language Modeling (15% masking)
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- **Optimizer**: AdamW (lr=5e-4, weight_decay=0.01)
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- **Batch size**: 64
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- **Epochs**: 50
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- **Training time**: ~35 minutes
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- **Hardware**: NVIDIA A40 (48GB)
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- **Final validation loss**: 2.79
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---
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## Usage
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### Load Model and Tokenizer
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```python
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
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model_name = "MWirelabs/nagamesebert"
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
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model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(model_name)
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# Example usage
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text = "Toi moi laga sathi hobo pare?"
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inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt")
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outputs = model(**inputs)
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```
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### Fine-tuning for Token Classification
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModelForTokenClassification, TrainingArguments, Trainer
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# Load model with classification head
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model = AutoModelForTokenClassification.from_pretrained(
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"MWirelabs/nagamesebert",
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num_labels=num_labels
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)
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# Training arguments
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training_args = TrainingArguments(
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output_dir="./results",
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num_train_epochs=100,
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per_device_train_batch_size=8,
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learning_rate=3e-5,
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weight_decay=0.01
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)
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# Train
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trainer = Trainer(
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model=model,
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args=training_args,
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train_dataset=train_dataset,
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eval_dataset=eval_dataset
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)
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trainer.train()
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| 167 |
+
```
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| 168 |
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| 169 |
+
---
|
| 170 |
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| 171 |
## Evaluation
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| 172 |
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### Dataset
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- **Source**: [NagaNLP Annotated Corpus](https://huggingface.co/datasets/agnivamaiti/naganlp-ner-annotated-corpus)
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- **Total**: 214 sentences
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- **Split** (seed=42): 171 train / 21 dev / 22 test (80/10/10)
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+
- **POS tags**: 13 Universal Dependencies tags
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- **NER tags**: 4 entity types (PER, LOC, ORG, MISC) in IOB2 format
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|
| 179 |
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| 180 |
+
### Experimental Setup
|
| 181 |
+
- **Seeds**: 42, 123, 456 (n=3 for variance estimation)
|
| 182 |
+
- **Batch size**: 32
|
| 183 |
+
- **Learning rate**: 3e-5
|
| 184 |
+
- **Epochs**: 100
|
| 185 |
+
- **Optimization**: AdamW with 100 warmup steps
|
| 186 |
+
- **Hardware**: NVIDIA A40
|
| 187 |
+
- **Metrics**: Token-level accuracy and macro-averaged F1
|
| 188 |
|
| 189 |
+
**Data Leakage Statement**: All splits created with fixed seed (42) with no sentence overlap between train/dev/test sets.
|
| 190 |
|
| 191 |
+
---
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|
| 192 |
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| 193 |
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## Limitations
|
| 194 |
|
| 195 |
+
- **Corpus size**: 42K sentences is modest; expansion to 100K+ could improve performance
|
| 196 |
+
- **Evaluation scale**: Small test set (22 sentences) limits statistical power
|
| 197 |
+
- **Task scope**: Only evaluated on token classification; needs broader task assessment
|
| 198 |
+
- **Efficiency metrics**: No quantitative inference benchmarks (latency, memory) yet provided
|
| 199 |
+
- **Data documentation**: Complete data provenance and licenses to be formalized
|
| 200 |
|
| 201 |
+
---
|
| 202 |
|
| 203 |
+
## Citation
|
| 204 |
|
| 205 |
+
If you use NagameseBERT in your research, please cite:
|
| 206 |
+
```bibtex
|
| 207 |
+
@misc{nagamesebert2025,
|
| 208 |
+
title={Bootstrapping BERT for Nagamese: A Low-Resource Creole Language},
|
| 209 |
+
author={MWire Labs},
|
| 210 |
+
year={2025},
|
| 211 |
+
url={https://huggingface.co/MWirelabs/nagamesebert}
|
| 212 |
+
}
|
| 213 |
+
```
|
| 214 |
|
| 215 |
+
---
|
| 216 |
|
| 217 |
+
## Contact
|
| 218 |
|
| 219 |
+
**MWire Labs**
|
| 220 |
+
Shillong, Meghalaya, India
|
| 221 |
+
Website: [MWire Labs](https://mwirelabs.com)
|
| 222 |
|
| 223 |
+
---
|
| 224 |
|
| 225 |
+
## License
|
| 226 |
|
| 227 |
+
This model is released under [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
|
| 228 |
|
| 229 |
+
You are free to:
|
| 230 |
+
- **Share** — copy and redistribute the material
|
| 231 |
+
- **Adapt** — remix, transform, and build upon the material
|
| 232 |
|
| 233 |
+
Under the following terms:
|
| 234 |
+
- **Attribution** — You must give appropriate credit to MWire Labs
|
| 235 |
|
| 236 |
+
---
|
| 237 |
|
| 238 |
+
## Acknowledgments
|
| 239 |
|
| 240 |
+
We thank the Nagamese-speaking community for their contributions to corpus development and validation.
|