"""
VortexSSM: Selective State-Space Layer
Simplified Mamba-style SSM with input-dependent selection.
Provides O(n) complexity for long sequences, ideal for scientific documents.
"""

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from typing import Optional, Tuple


class VortexSSM(nn.Module):
    """
    Selective state-space layer. Linear complexity O(n) vs attention's O(n²).
    Handles long scientific documents efficiently with input-dependent selection.

    Architecture based on Mamba but simplified for scientific reasoning tasks.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        d_model: int,
        d_state: int = 16,
        d_conv: int = 4,
        expand: int = 2,
        dt_rank: Optional[int] = None,
    ):
        """
        Initialize VortexSSM.

        Args:
            d_model: Model dimension
            d_state: State dimension (default 16 for 7B, 32 for 13B)
            d_conv: Convolution kernel size for local context
            expand: Expansion factor for inner dimension
            dt_rank: Rank for delta projection (if None, uses ceil(d_model/16))
        """
        super().__init__()
        self.d_model = d_model
        self.d_state = d_state
        self.d_conv = d_conv
        self.expand = expand
        self.d_inner = d_model * expand

        if dt_rank is None:
            self.dt_rank = max(1, d_model // 16)
        else:
            self.dt_rank = dt_rank

        # Input projection: splits into x and z pathways
        self.in_proj = nn.Linear(d_model, self.d_inner * 2, bias=False)

        # Convolution for local context before SSM
        # Depthwise convolution for efficiency
        self.conv1d = nn.Conv1d(
            in_channels=self.d_inner,
            out_channels=self.d_inner,
            kernel_size=d_conv,
            padding=d_conv - 1,
            groups=self.d_inner,
            bias=False,
        )

        # SSM parameter projections (input-dependent)
        self.x_proj = nn.Linear(self.d_inner, self.dt_rank + 2 * self.d_state, bias=False)
        self.dt_proj = nn.Linear(self.dt_rank, self.d_inner, bias=True)

        # State matrices (A is log-scale for stability)
        # A is (d_inner, d_state)
        self.A_log = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(self.d_inner, self.d_state))
        self.D = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(self.d_inner))

        # Output projection
        self.out_proj = nn.Linear(self.d_inner, d_model, bias=False)

        # Initialize weights
        self._initialize_weights()

    def _initialize_weights(self):
        """Initialize weights properly."""
        # Initialize A_log with negative values for stable discretization
        nn.init.normal_(self.A_log, mean=-4.0, std=0.5)
        nn.init.normal_(self.D, mean=0.0, std=0.1)

        # Initialize projections with small values
        for module in [self.in_proj, self.x_proj, self.dt_proj, self.conv1d, self.out_proj]:
            if hasattr(module, 'weight'):
                nn.init.normal_(module.weight, mean=0.0, std=0.02)

    def forward(
        self,
        x: torch.Tensor,
        state: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
        return_state: bool = False,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        Forward pass through the SSM.

        Args:
            x: Input tensor (batch, seq_len, d_model)
            state: Previous hidden state (batch, d_inner, d_state)
            return_state: If True, return (output, state)

        Returns:
            Output tensor (batch, seq_len, d_model) or tuple with state
        """
        batch, seq_len, _ = x.shape
        device = x.device
        dtype = x.dtype

        # Double-check d_inner matches A_log shape
        d_inner = self.d_inner

        # Project input to inner dimension
        xz = self.in_proj(x)  # (batch, seq_len, 2 * d_inner)
        x, z = xz.chunk(2, dim=-1)

        # Apply 1D convolution for local context
        # Need to transpose for conv1d: (batch, d_inner, seq_len)
        x_conv = x.transpose(1, 2)
        x_conv = self.conv1d(x_conv)[..., :seq_len]  # Trim padding
        x = x_conv.transpose(1, 2)

        # Discretization: compute delta, A, B parameters
        # x_proj produces: delta (dt_rank), B (d_state), C (d_state)
        x_dbl = self.x_proj(x)  # (batch, seq_len, dt_rank + 2*d_state)
        (delta, B, C) = torch.split(
            x_dbl,
            [self.dt_rank, self.d_state, self.d_state],
            dim=-1,
        )

        # Project delta
        delta = self.dt_proj(delta)  # (batch, seq_len, d_inner)
        delta = F.softplus(delta)

        # Compute discretized state recurrence
        # Use scan operation for efficient sequential processing
        if state is None:
            state = torch.zeros(batch, d_inner, self.d_state, device=device, dtype=dtype)

        # Sequential scan (can be optimized with CUDA kernel)
        output = []
        for t in range(seq_len):
            x_t = x[:, t]  # (batch, d_inner)
            delta_t = delta[:, t]  # (batch, d_inner)
            B_t = B[:, t]  # (batch, d_state)
            C_t = C[:, t]  # (batch, d_state)

            # Discretize A
            A_delta = torch.exp(self.A_log * delta_t.unsqueeze(-1))  # (batch, d_inner, d_state)

            # State update: state = A_delta * state + B_t * x_t
            # B_t needs to be (batch, d_state) -> (batch, d_inner, d_state) via broadcasting
            state = A_delta * state + B_t.unsqueeze(1) * x_t.unsqueeze(-1)

            # Output: y = C_t * state + D * x_t
            y = (C_t.unsqueeze(1) * state).sum(dim=-1) + self.D * x_t
            output.append(y)

        output = torch.stack(output, dim=1)  # (batch, seq_len, d_inner)

        # Apply gating with z
        output = output * F.silu(z)

        # Project back to model dimension
        output = self.out_proj(output)

        if return_state:
            return output, state
        return output

    def step(
        self,
        x: torch.Tensor,
        state: torch.Tensor,
    ) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
        """
        Single-step inference for autoregressive decoding.

        Args:
            x: Input at current step (batch, d_model)
            state: Previous state (batch, d_inner, d_state)

        Returns:
            output: (batch, d_model)
            new_state: updated state
        """
        batch, _ = x.shape

        # Project input
        xz = self.in_proj(x.unsqueeze(1))  # Add seq dim
        x, z = xz.chunk(2, dim=-1)
        x = x.squeeze(1)
        z = z.squeeze(1)

        # No convolution for single step (would need cache)

        # Compute parameters
        x_dbl = self.x_proj(x.unsqueeze(1)).squeeze(1)
        delta, B, C = torch.split(
            x_dbl,
            [self.dt_rank, self.d_state, self.d_state],
            dim=-1,
        )
        delta = self.dt_proj(delta)
        delta = F.softplus(delta)

        # Single step discretization
        A_delta = torch.exp(self.A_log * delta.unsqueeze(-1))
        state = A_delta * state + B.unsqueeze(1) * x.unsqueeze(-1)
        y = (C.unsqueeze(1) * state).sum(dim=-1) + self.D * x
        y = y * F.silu(z)
        output = self.out_proj(y)

        return output, state


def test_vortex_ssm():
    """Test the VortexSSM layer."""
    batch_size = 2
    seq_len = 128
    d_model = 4096
    d_state = 16

    ssm = VortexSSM(d_model, d_state=d_state)
    x = torch.randn(batch_size, seq_len, d_model)

    # Forward pass
    output = ssm(x)
    print(f"Input shape: {x.shape}")
    print(f"Output shape: {output.shape}")
    assert output.shape == x.shape, f"Expected {x.shape}, got {output.shape}"

    # Stateful forward
    state = torch.zeros(batch_size, ssm.d_inner, d_state)
    output2, new_state = ssm(x, state=state, return_state=True)
    print(f"Stateful output shape: {output2.shape}")
    print(f"State shape: {new_state.shape}")

    # Single step
    x_step = torch.randn(batch_size, d_model)
    output_step, state_step = ssm.step(x_step, state)
    print(f"Step output shape: {output_step.shape}")
    print(f"Step state shape: {state_step.shape}")

    print("VortexSSM test passed!")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    test_vortex_ssm()