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Model card: drop Training + Data composition, condense Limitations

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- ## Training
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- MustaqiLLM is the instruction-following stage on top of an in-house 5.17 B Uzbek
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- pretrained model. The pretrained checkpoint completed a single pass over its corpus;
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- this stage is supervised fine-tuning only — no continued pretraining was performed.
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- | | |
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- |---|---|
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- | Method | Full-parameter SFT (no LoRA) |
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- | Data | 190,939 instruction/chat examples |
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- | Epochs | 3 (17,701 steps); released checkpoint is from epoch 2.75 |
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- | Effective batch | 32 (micro-batch 8 × grad-accum 4) |
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- | Sequence length | 2048 |
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- | Optimizer | AdamW fused, β₁ 0.9, β₂ 0.95, weight decay 0.0 |
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- | LR schedule | 1e-5, cosine, 3% warmup, grad-norm clip 1.0 |
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- | Precision | bf16 mixed precision, gradient checkpointing |
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- | Hardware | 1 × NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell (96 GB), ~10 h |
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- ### Data composition
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- | slice | rows | share |
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- |---|---:|---:|
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- | Uzbek instruction/chat backbone (curated + filtered) | 169,919 | 89.0% |
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- | Uzbek **Cyrillic** chat (transliterated) | 12,000 | 6.3% |
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- | Russian-instructed translation | 5,000 | 2.6% |
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- | Latin ↔ Cyrillic script conversion | 3,000 | 1.6% |
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- | Cyrillic identity/social | 1,020 | 0.5% |
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- The backbone mixes general Uzbek assistant data, benchmark-format task data
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- (MCQ, classification, spelling), English↔Uzbek translation pairs, and an English
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- retention slice. Third-person rubric-grading text was filtered out of the backbone
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- before training.
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- The Cyrillic and Russian slices exist because the pretrained model reads and writes Uzbek
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- Cyrillic *better* than Latin (bits-per-byte 0.2288 vs 0.3868) yet had almost no Cyrillic
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- chat behaviour attached to it, and because Russian-language instructions were nearly
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- absent. Checkpoint selection was done by running the full benchmark suite on all 12
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- saved checkpoints, not by held-out loss — held-out loss was flat (1.784–1.796) across
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- the last two epochs while benchmark scores were still moving.
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  ## Evaluation
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  Full public benchmark suite, greedy decoding, `transformers` backend, seed 42, complete
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  ## Limitations
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- **Multiple-choice knowledge tasks perform at chance.** uzlib, MMLU-Uz and MMLU-English
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- all sit within noise of their 0.25 random baseline, across roughly 30,000 questions.
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- Invalid rates near zero mean the model answers in the correct format every time and is
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- still wrong this is missing knowledge, not broken parsing. The underlying pretrained
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- model completed a single pretraining epoch, and supervised fine-tuning cannot add facts
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- that were never learned. **Do not use this model for factual question answering, exams,
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- or retrieval-free knowledge tasks.** TUMLU-Uzbek at 0.3286 is the only MCQ result above
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- chance, and its 700-item sample gives it a ±3.5% confidence interval.
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- **Uzbek → English translation is weak.** BLEU 1.83 with a 1.229 length ratio and 12.5% unigram precision means the model
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- over-generates English that mostly does not match the reference. English → Uzbek is
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- usable (COMET 0.7397) but not competitive with dedicated translation systems.
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- **Script conversion does not work despite being trained for it.** Asked to transliterate
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- Latin Uzbek to Cyrillic, the model frequently returns the input unchanged. The 3,000-row
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- slice was too small.
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- **The Cyrillic slice was machine-transliterated, and its artifacts are visible in
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- output.** Loanwords and brand names inside Cyrillic text can come out mangled
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- (e.g. `Facebook` → `Факебоок`), and occasional single Cyrillic characters leak into
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- Latin words. Cyrillic *chat* is coherent and does not degenerate, but Cyrillic
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- *orthography* is less reliable than Latin.
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- **Self-identification.** The identity training data predates the current name, so asked
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- who it is, the model answers "NeuronAI 5B" rather than "MustaqiLLM".
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- **News classification is uneven.** The "Oila va Jamiyat" (Family & Society) class scores
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- 0.4273 across 14,012 items — a semantically diffuse catch-all the model handles poorly,
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- against 0.8743 for the lexically distinctive Sport class.
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- **Safety.** No safety alignment, RLHF, or red-teaming was performed. The model has no
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- refusal training beyond what the instruction data incidentally contains. It can produce
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- incorrect, biased, or unsafe content, and — given the benchmark results above — will
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- state false facts fluently and confidently. Evaluate it for your own use case before
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- deploying it anywhere user-facing.
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  ## Evaluation
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  Full public benchmark suite, greedy decoding, `transformers` backend, seed 42, complete
 
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  ## Limitations
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+ - **MCQ knowledge tasks are at chance.** uzlib, MMLU-Uz and MMLU-English all sit within noise of the 0.25 baseline over ~30,000 questions, with near-zero invalid rates — correct format, wrong answer. This is missing knowledge, not parsing. Do not use it for factual QA, exams, or retrieval-free knowledge tasks. TUMLU-Uzbek (0.3286) is the only MCQ result above chance, on a 700-item sample (±3.5%).
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+ - **Uzbek English translation is weak** (BLEU 1.83, length ratio 1.229): it over-generates. English → Uzbek is usable (COMET 0.7397) but below dedicated MT systems.
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+ - **Script conversion does not work** despite being trained for it Latin→Cyrillic requests often return the input unchanged.
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+ - **Cyrillic artifacts.** The Cyrillic data was machine-transliterated; loanwords and brand names can be mangled (`Facebook` → `Факебоок`) and stray Cyrillic characters leak into Latin words. Cyrillic chat is coherent, but its orthography is less reliable than Latin.
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+ - **Self-identification.** Identity data predates the current name, so the model calls itself "NeuronAI 5B".
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+ - **Uneven news classification:** 0.4273 on the diffuse "Oila va Jamiyat" class vs 0.8743 on Sport.
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+ - **Safety.** No safety alignment, RLHF, or red-teaming; no refusal training beyond what the instruction data incidentally contains. It can produce incorrect, biased, or unsafe content and will state false facts fluently. Evaluate before any user-facing deployment.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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