---
language:
- sr
- en
license: apache-2.0
tags:
- text-generation
- reasoning
- serbian
- asterisk
- aspp
- hybrid-architecture
- multilingual
datasets:
- ODA-Mixture-100k
- ultrachat_200k_serbian
metrics:
- accuracy
- perplexity
base_model: Geilim-1B-Instruct
model-index:
- name: Geilim-1B-SR-Instruct
  results: []
---

# Geilim-1B-SR-Instruct

<div align="center">
  <h3>🇷🇸 Serbian Reasoning Model - AI Democratization Project</h3>
  <p><em>Bringing advanced reasoning capabilities to Serbian language</em></p>
</div>

## Model Description

**Geilim-1B-SR-Instruct** is a 1.3B parameter Serbian reasoning model that combines:
- **Base**: Geilim-1B-Instruct (1B parameters, Llama-3 architecture, 16 layers)
- **Architecture**: Asterisk hybrid ASPP + Attention
- **Training**: 50% ODA-Mixture-100k (reasoning) + 50% UltraChat Serbian (conversations)
- **Goal**: Democratize AI by bringing reasoning to underrepresented languages

### Key Features

- ✅ **Hybrid Architecture**: All 16 layers use ASPP + standard Attention
- ✅ **Graph-based Reasoning**: Union-Find structure with 6-step iterative propagation
- ✅ **π-flow Refinement**: 4-step continuous flow dynamics for enhanced reasoning
- ✅ **Bilingual**: Serbian language with preserved English reasoning capabilities
- ✅ **Efficient**: ~1.3B total parameters, trainable on 2x consumer GPUs

## Model Details

### Model Architecture

```
Input → Embedding
  ↓
Layers 0-15: Hybrid ASPP + Attention (ALL 16 layers)
  ├─ ASPP Branch (Union-Find graph reasoning)
  │   ├─ 6-step iterative propagation
  │   ├─ Hidden dim: 512 (reduced from 2048)
  │   └─ π-flow: 4-step refinement
  └─ Attention Branch (standard self-attention)
  ↓
  Gated Fusion: output = gate * ASPP(x) + (1-gate) * Attention(x)
  ↓
Output → LM Head
```

### Technical Specifications

- **Parameters**: ~1.3B (1B base + 300M ASPP/π-flow)
- **Layers**: 16 (all hybrid)
- **Hidden Size**: 2048
- **Attention Heads**: 32
- **KV Heads**: 8 (GQA)
- **Vocabulary**: 128,256 tokens
- **Context Length**: 131,072 tokens (with RoPE scaling)
- **Precision**: bfloat16

### ASPP Configuration

- **Hidden Dim**: 512 (dimensionality reduction)
- **Iteration Steps**: 6
- **Dropout**: 0.15
- **Graph Structure**: Union-Find (parent-only connections)

### π-flow Configuration

- **Steps**: 4
- **Scale**: 0.4
- **Gating**: Adaptive per-token
- **Purpose**: Multi-step refinement in probability space

## Intended Use

### Primary Use Cases

1. **Serbian Language Tasks**:
   - Conversational AI in Serbian
   - Question answering in Serbian
   - Text generation and completion

2. **Reasoning Tasks**:
   - Mathematical problem solving
   - Code generation and debugging
   - Step-by-step logical reasoning

3. **Bilingual Applications**:
   - Serbian-English translation assistance
   - Cross-lingual reasoning tasks

### Out-of-Scope Use

- Production-critical applications without further testing
- Tasks requiring real-time factual accuracy (model may hallucinate)
- Languages other than Serbian and English (limited support)

## How to Use

### Installation

```bash
pip install torch transformers accelerate
```

### Basic Usage

```python
import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM

# Load model and tokenizer
model_name = "NoesisLab/Geilim-1B-SR-Instruct"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name, trust_remote_code=True)
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    model_name,
    trust_remote_code=True,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    device_map="auto",
)

# Serbian conversation
messages = [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Kakvu ulogu igraju nagrade i pozitivno pojačanje u dresuri Bigla i kako se mogu efikasno koristiti bez podsticanja lošeg ponašanja?"}
]

# Apply chat template
input_text = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
    messages,
    tokenize=False,
    add_generation_prompt=True
)

# Tokenize
inputs = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)

# Generate
outputs = model.generate(
    **inputs,
    max_new_tokens=200,
    temperature=0.7,
    top_p=0.9,
    repetition_penalty=1.1,
    do_sample=True,
)

# Decode
response = tokenizer.decode(
    outputs[0][inputs['input_ids'].shape[1]:],
    skip_special_tokens=True
)
print(response)
```




### Recommended Generation Parameters

```python
generation_config = {
    "max_new_tokens": 200,
    "temperature": 0.7,          # Balance creativity and coherence
    "top_p": 0.9,                # Nucleus sampling
    "repetition_penalty": 1.1,   # Reduce repetition
    "do_sample": True,
}
```


## Training Data

### Dataset Composition

The model was trained on a balanced mix of two datasets:

#### 1. ODA-Mixture-100k (50% - Reasoning Data)

**101,306 reasoning samples** across three domains:

- **Math** (50,244 samples): AM-Thinking-v1-Distilled-math
  - Mathematical problem solving with step-by-step reasoning
  - Format: instruction → response (reasoning trace) → final answer
  
- **Code** (50,245 samples): AM-Thinking-v1-Distilled-code
  - Programming problems with detailed solutions
  - Code generation, debugging, and explanation tasks
  
- **General** (817 samples): LIMO
  - General reasoning tasks
  - Logic puzzles, common sense reasoning

#### 2. UltraChat Serbian (50% - Language Data)

**207,588 high-quality Serbian conversations**:

- Translated from UltraChat 200k
- Multi-turn dialogues covering diverse topics
- Topics: science, culture, daily life, reasoning, education
- Format: `messages_srb` (Serbian), `messages_eng` (English reference)

### Data Mixing Strategy

- **Balanced 50/50 split**: Preserve reasoning while learning Serbian
- **Automatic sampling**: Match smaller dataset size
- **Total samples**: ~100k (sampled from 202k available)
- **Train/Test split**: 95% / 5%

## Training Procedure

### Training Hyperparameters

- **Epochs**: 2
- **Batch Size**: 2 per device
- **Gradient Accumulation**: 8 steps (effective batch size = 16)
- **Learning Rate**: 5e-5
- **Warmup Ratio**: 0.1 (10% of training)
- **Weight Decay**: 0.05
- **Max Gradient Norm**: 1.0
- **Optimizer**: AdamW
- **Precision**: bfloat16 mixed precision
- **Gradient Checkpointing**: Enabled
- **Max Sequence Length**: 2048 tokens

### Training Infrastructure

- **Framework**: HuggingFace Transformers + TRL SFTTrainer
- **Distributed Training**: Accelerate (multi-GPU)
- **GPUs**: 1x RTX PRO 6000
- **Training Time**: ~6-8 hours
- **Memory per GPU**: ~15GB


## Evaluation

### Qualitative Evaluation

The model demonstrates:
- ✅ Fluent Serbian language generation
- ✅ Step-by-step reasoning in Serbian
- ✅ Mathematical problem solving
- ✅ Code understanding and generation
- ✅ Multi-turn conversation capabilities



## Limitations and Biases

### Known Limitations

1. **Language Coverage**: Primarily trained on Serbian and English; limited support for other languages
2. **Factual Accuracy**: May generate plausible but incorrect information (hallucination)
3. **Context Length**: While supporting 131k tokens, performance may degrade on very long contexts
4. **Domain Specificity**: Best performance on conversational and reasoning tasks; may struggle with highly specialized domains
5. **Training Data**: Limited to ~100k samples; may not cover all Serbian language variations

### Potential Biases

- **Translation Bias**: Serbian data is translated from English, may not reflect natural Serbian expressions
- **Domain Bias**: Reasoning data focuses on math and code; may be less effective on other domains
- **Cultural Bias**: Training data may reflect Western cultural perspectives

### Recommendations

- Verify factual claims with authoritative sources
- Test thoroughly before deployment in production
- Monitor for biased or inappropriate outputs
- Consider fine-tuning on domain-specific data for specialized applications

## Ethical Considerations

### AI Democratization

This model is part of an effort to democratize AI by bringing advanced capabilities to underrepresented languages. Serbian, despite having ~12 million speakers, has limited AI resources compared to high-resource languages.

### Responsible Use

Users should:
- Be aware of potential biases and limitations
- Not use for malicious purposes (misinformation, harassment, etc.)
- Respect privacy and data protection regulations
- Consider societal impact of deployments

### Environmental Impact

- **Training**: ~6-8 hours on 1x RTX PRO 6000 GPUs
- **Carbon Footprint**: Estimated ~5-10 kg CO2eq (depends on energy source)
- **Inference**: Efficient at 1.3B parameters, suitable for edge deployment


## Technical Details

### Asterisk Architecture

The model uses the **Asterisk** architecture, which combines:

1. **ASPP (Adjacency-Structured Parallel Propagation)**:
   - Graph-based reasoning with Union-Find structure
   - Each token maintains parent pointer: `parent[i] = i-1`
   - Iterative message passing: `h_i^(t+1) = φ(h_i^(t), h_parent[i])`
   - 6 propagation steps per layer

2. **π-flow Refinement**:
   - Continuous flow dynamics: `h' = h + α * v(h)`
   - Learnable velocity field for multi-step refinement
   - Adaptive per-token gating
   - 4 refinement steps per layer

3. **Hybrid Fusion**:
   - Parallel execution of ASPP and standard Attention
   - Gated combination: `output = gate * ASPP(x) + (1-gate) * Attention(x)`
   - Applied to all 16 layers

### Model Configuration

```json
{
  "model_type": "asterisk",
  "hidden_size": 2048,
  "num_hidden_layers": 16,
  "num_attention_heads": 32,
  "num_key_value_heads": 8,
  "intermediate_size": 8192,
  "vocab_size": 128256,
  "max_position_embeddings": 131072,
  
  "aspp_hidden_dim": 512,
  "aspp_num_steps": 6,
  "aspp_dropout": 0.15,
  "aspp_num_neighbors": 1,
  
  "pi_flow": true,
  "pi_flow_steps": 4,
  "pi_flow_scale": 0.4,
  "pi_flow_use_gate": true,
  
  "hybrid_layer_indices": null
}
```

## Comparison with Other Models

| Model | Base | Params | Layers | Language | Reasoning | Architecture |
|-------|------|--------|--------|----------|-----------|--------------|
| SmolLM2-135M | - | 135M | 30 | English | ❌ | Transformer |
| Asterisk | SmolLM2 | 171M | 30 | English | ✅ ASPP | Hybrid |
| **Geilim-1B-SR** | Geilim-1B | 1.3B | 16 | Serbian | ✅ ASPP | Hybrid |

### Advantages

- ✅ **Efficient Size**: 1.3B parameters, suitable for consumer hardware
- ✅ **Full Hybrid**: All 16 layers use ASPP + Attention
- ✅ **Bilingual**: Serbian + English capabilities
- ✅ **Reasoning**: Math, code, and general reasoning
- ✅ **Fast Training**: ~6-8 hours on 1x RTX PRO 6000
- ✅ **Low Memory**: ~3GB inference, ~20GB training per GPU

## Hardware Requirements

### Inference

- **Minimum**: 1x GPU with 8GB VRAM (e.g., RTX 3060)
- **Recommended**: 1x GPU with 16GB+ VRAM (e.g., RTX 4080, A100)
- **CPU Only**: Possible but slow (~10-20x slower)

### Training

- **Minimum**: 2x GPU with 24GB VRAM (e.g., RTX 3090/4090)
- **Recommended**: 2x GPU with 40GB VRAM (e.g., A100)
- **Memory**: ~20GB per GPU with gradient checkpointing

## Model Card Authors

- **NoesisLab**

## Citation

If you use this model in your research or applications, please cite:

```bibtex
@software{geilim_1b_sr_2026,
  title={Geilim-1B-SR-Instruct: Serbian Reasoning Model with Asterisk Architecture},
  author={NoesisLab},
  year={2026},
  url={https://huggingface.co/NoesisLab/Geilim-1B-SR-Instruct},
  note={AI Democratization - Bringing reasoning to underrepresented languages}
}
```

### Related Papers

```bibtex
@article{asterisk_2026,
  title={Asterisk: Hybrid ASPP-Attention Architecture for Efficient Reasoning},
  author={NoesisLab},
  year={2026},
  note={Graph-based reasoning with Union-Find propagation}
}
```

## Acknowledgments

- **Geilim-1B-Instruct**: Base model (Llama-3 architecture, 1B parameters)
- **ODA-Mixture-100k**: Reasoning dataset (Math, Code, General)
- **UltraChat**: High-quality conversation dataset
- **Serbian NLP Community**: Language support and feedback
- **HuggingFace**: Transformers library and model hosting
- **Accelerate**: Distributed training framework

## License

This model is released under the **Apache 2.0 License**, same as the base model.

```
Copyright 2026 Asterisk Project

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
```


## Version History

- **v1.0** (2026-02): Initial release
  - 1.3B parameters (1B base + 300M ASPP/π-flow)
  - Trained on 100k samples (50% ODA-Mixture + 50% UltraChat Serbian)
  - All 16 layers use hybrid ASPP + Attention
  - Supports Serbian and English

## Contact and Support


- **Email**: lizx93@mail2.sysu.edu.cn

---

<div align="center">
  <h3>🇷🇸 Democratizing AI, one language at a time!</h3>
  <p><em>Making advanced AI technology accessible to every language</em></p>