Choices:
- The weight of the box is greater than the force of friction.
- The weight of the box is less than the force of friction.
- The applied force is greater than the force of friction.
- The applied force is less than the force of friction.

Question: Question: A student pushes a box to slide it across the floor. Which statement explains why the box begins to move?


Choices:
- "The Religions of South America"
- "The Money Systems of South America"
- "The Flora and Fauna of South America"
- "The Political Systems of South America"

Question: Question: Which article might appear in a scientific magazine?


Choices:
- 0.15 m/s^2
- 0.21 m/s^2
- 0.36 m/s^2
- 0.58 m/s^2

Question: Question: A train travels at a rate of 13 meters per second (m/s). Over the next 60 seconds, the speed of the train increases to speed to 22 m/s. What is the average rate of acceleration of the train?


Choices:
- the ability to trap heat
- a tendency to lose electrons
- a tendency to exist as diatomic molecules
- the ability to bond with multiple other elements

Question: Question: Which trait is common in gases that contribute to Earth's greenhouse effect?


Choices:
- fossils
- crystals
- minerals
- sediments

Question: Question: George is studying erosion. He learns how rocks break apart over time. Which of these most likely forms when a rock weathers and breaks into small pieces?


Choices:
- stays constant.
- is unaffected.
- increases.
- decreases.

Question: Question: As wave frequency is increased, wave energy


Choices:
- density
- mass
- temperature
- volume

Question: Question: A student is pouring equal amounts of water, maple syrup, and cooking oil into a glass beaker and looking at how the layers settle. Which property of the liquids is the student most likely comparing?


Choices:
- a mixture
- a solution
- an element
- a compound

Question: Question: Betsy tries to attract a variety of birds to her backyard. She puts up a bird feeder that contains sunflower seeds and corn. Which term best describes the contents of the bird feeder?


Choices:
- exchanging information electronically
- changing raw materials into goods
- building and finishing a structure
- converting and transmitting energy

Question: Question: Which best describes construction technology?


Choices:
- classification
- development
- extinction
- regulation

Question: Question: What eventually happens to a species when the environment changes and the organisms do not adapt?


Choices:
- organs
- organelles
- organisms
- organ systems

Question: Question: Similar types of cells form tissues. What is the next level of complexity formed from the grouping of tissues?


Choices:
- chemical
- light
- electrical
- sound

Question: Question: Which form of energy is produced when a rubber band vibrates?


Choices:
- reflection
- radiation
- electricity
- gravity

Question: Question: Which discovery was necessary before radio could be invented?


Choices:
- Open the windows to equalize air pressure.
- Install snow tires and check the antifreeze in the car radiator.
- Evacuate low-lying areas near the coast.
- Expect wind speed to decrease for the next several hours.

Question: Question: Which statement would most likely be included in a news report about an approaching hurricane?


Choices:
- electrical.
- heat.
- mechanical.
- sound.

Question: Question: The energy produced by a burner on a gas stove is primarily


Choices:
- layers
- textures
- colors
- ages

Question: Question: Students compare two different rocks. The rocks are both bright and spotted. Which property are the students most likely observing?


Choices:
- radio waves
- infrared light
- visible light
- gamma rays

Question: Question: Which of the following makes up the smallest region in the electromagnetic spectrum?


Choices:
- north
- south
- east
- west

Question: Question: In a northern state, a room used for growing plants is not allowing enough light to enter for healthy plant growth. Adding windows in walls facing which direction would best solve this problem?


Choices:
- shake the container vigorously
- smell a very small amount of it
- look up the name in a science book
- test a small amount to see if it feels slippery

Question: Question: A student finds a bottle that is labeled with a long chemical name. What is the best way for the student to learn more about the chemical properties of this substance?


Choices:
- the planet to revolve once around the Sun
- the seasons to complete a full cycle
- the planet to rotate once on its axis
- the Sun to rotate once on its axis

Question: Question: The length of a year on Earth is a little over 365 days. The length of a year on a planet is best described as the time it takes for which to occur?


Choices:
- brain
- grey matter
- nerve
- neuron

Question: Question: The human body has different levels of organization. In the structural organization of the central nervous system, which is an organ?


Choices:
- mineral
- oxygen
- gasoline
- water

Question: Question: Increased human populations can lead to the depletion of locally available resources within communities. Compared to other communities, which of these locally available resources is most likely to be depleted in desert communities?


Choices:
- electric current
- a net loss of mass
- thermal insulation
- an exothermic reaction

Question: Question: A hot pack is a product that releases heat when chemicals inside of it interact. What is taking place inside an active hot pack?


Choices:
- chemical
- kinetic
- potential
- thermal

Question: Question: Respiration is a process during which energy is released from glucose. This energy is used for processes such as growth of the body. Which type of energy does respiration release?


Choices:
- herbivore.
- producer.
- competitor.
- decomposer.

Question: Question: An organism that breaks down dead plants and animals, returning matter back into the soil, is called a


Choices:
- skin cell
- nerve cell
- red blood cell
- egg cell

Question: Question: What type of cell passes on mutations?


Choices:
- seaweed in an ocean
- fish in a lake
- plants in a pond
- fish in a bay

Question: Question: Which population would be harmed first by a long period of drought?


Choices:
- Wildcats are not related to house cats.
- Cats were domesticated earlier than originally thought.
- Wildcats were not domesticated.
- The period of Egyptian civilization was older than originally thought.

Question: Question: The house cat was believed to be tamed in ancient Egypt. In 2004, the remains of an eight-month old cat buried with its owner were discovered on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. The date of burial, however, came before Egyptian civilization. Which best explains the importance of the discovery?


Choices:
- collecting rain water
- measuring air temperature
- classifying flowers
- pouring vinegar

Question: Question: Which activity requires the use of safety goggles to protect the eyes?


Choices:
- oil.
- coal.
- geothermal.
- hydroelectric.

Question: Question: The most common source of nonrenewable resources used to generate electricity in the state of Nevada is


Choices:
- the distance light travels in one year.
- the of time it takes light to travel from Earth to the Sun.
- the amount of light required on Earth in one year.
- the distance between two sources of light.

Question: Question: A "light year" refers to


Choices:
- gills
- skin
- nose
- mouth

Question: Question: All animals need air to survive. An insect gets air through tiny holes on the sides of its body. A whale breathes through a blow hole. What body part do fish use to breathe?


Choices:
- scale
- centimeter ruler
- tape measure
- thermometer

Question: Question: Which of the following tools would be most useful in determining the length and width of a school cafeteria?


Choices:
- maintain structural stability
- stockpile chemical energy
- communicate with other neurons
- secrete hormones

Question: Question: The extensive branching of neurons helps them to perform which function?


Choices:
- doldrums
- westerlies
- trade winds
- jet streams

Question: Question: Which of the following are narrow belts of strong winds found in the upper troposphere?


Choices:
- reading a book about farm fields
- making a weather prediction for the forests
- measuring the wind speed at both locations
- recording the temperatures at both locations

Question: Question: A hiker wants to know if air is warmer in a forest than in the nearby farm field. Which activity would best help the hiker find out which area is warmer?


Choices:
- the increased size of the telephone book
- the increase in use of modems, fax machines, and cellular phones
- the increase in use of speed dialing and call waiting
- the increased demand for telephone repairs and installation

Question: Question: Recently the telephone company announced the implementation of a new telephone area code for Massachusetts. What technological changes are responsible for the need for a new area code?


Choices:
- It kills cancer cells.
- It produces healthy cells.
- It improves immune system function.
- It prevents many forms of illness in patients.

Question: Question: Which of the following is a benefit of using radiation as a medical treatment?


Choices:
- Temperature remains constant with elevation in the thermosphere.
- Temperature remains constant with elevation in the mesosphere.
- Temperature generally decreases with elevation in the stratosphere.
- Temperature generally decreases with elevation in the troposphere.

Question: Question: Which of these statements best describes temperature as elevation in the atmosphere increases?


Choices:
- radiation.
- insulation.
- convection.
- conduction.

Question: Question: The transfer of heat in the atmosphere by winds that circulate between the equator and the poles is an example of


Choices:
- radiation
- convection
- conduction
- condensation

Question: Question: Which is most responsible for the uneven heating of the air in the atmosphere?


Choices:
- nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide
- nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen
- oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide
- carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen

Question: Question: Three gases found in Earth's atmosphere are carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and oxygen. What is their order of abundance from greatest to least?


Choices:
- noble gases.
- transition metals.
- halogens.
- nonmetals.

Question: Question: Copper, silver, and nickel are all classified as


Choices:
- muscular system
- digestive system
- lymphatic system
- circulatory system

Question: Question: The body is made up of many systems that interact with one another. For example, the skeletal system and the muscular system work together to help the body move. Which system works with the respiratory system to distribute oxygen to the body?


Choices:
- swash
- rip currents
- river currents
- longshore drift

Question: Question: Sediment that is deposited on a beach may come from a local source or be transported by which action?


Choices:
- amplitude
- wavelength
- frequency
- speed

Question: Question: Sonar can be used to measure distances underwater. This is accomplished by sending a sound wave to a "target" while measuring the total time it takes for the wave to reach the target and then return to its source. Which of the following sound wave characteristics must be known when using sonar to measure distances?


Choices:
- tsunamis
- severe storms
- volcanic eruptions
- erosion

Question: Question: What major events cause islands to form in the Pacific Ocean?


Choices:
- air
- land
- noise
- water

Question: Question: Fossil fuels are common sources of energy. What type of pollution is most often associated with burning fossil fuels?


Choices:
- a physical change
- an inherited trait
- a life function
- a learned behavior

Question: Question: A boy and his sister both play piano. Playing piano is an example of


Choices:
- stroking the coil with a piece of silk
- heating the coil uniformly
- laying the coil near a magnet
- rotating the coil in a magnetic field

Question: Question: Which is the best way to generate an electrical current in a coil of wire?


Choices:
- water has a high specific heat capacity
- water has a high surface tension
- water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid
- water is a polar molecule

Question: Question: What property of water best helps aquatic life survive in lakes during the winter?


Choices:
- leaf
- seed
- fruit
- pollen

Question: Question: Which part of a plant helps the plant make food from sunlight?


Choices:
- Water at the bottom of the ocean contains more dissolved solids.
- Water at the surface of the ocean absorbs more energy from the Sun.
- Friction is created by fast moving currents at the surface of the ocean.
- Wave action transfers heat from the bottom of the ocean to the surface.

Question: Question: Which of the following is the main reason water at the surface of the ocean is warmer than water at the bottom of the ocean?


Choices:
- fins.
- scales.
- feathers.
- four legs.

Question: Question: A student finds an animal in the wild. He decides it is a bird because it has


Choices:
- The summer of 1998 was one of the hottest summer seasons on record.
- Carbon dioxide gas from cars and industry is a product of burning that produces heat.
- Carbon dioxide in the upper atmosphere reflects heat radiated from Earth's surface.
- Radiation on Earth's surface is increasing because of a hole in the ozone layer

Question: Question: Many scientists accept the theory that excess emission of carbon dioxide from cars and industry causes a layer of gas in the upper atmosphere that traps heat. This, in turn, causes the average temperature on Earth to rise. Which of the following observations supports that theory?


Choices:
- It covers the bedrock layer in the earth.
- It has nutrients used by plants to grow.
- It holds many harmful pollutants.
- It dries quickly in sunlight.

Question: Question: Why is it important to protect soil?


Choices:
- circulation
- digestion
- reproduction
- respiration

Question: Question: Fungi recycle leaves in forests. Fungi release chemicals onto the leaves to break them down into smaller particles. The fungi use the small particles for growth. Which process allows fungi to obtain the nutrients they need from dead leaves?


Choices:
- fragments that broke off of older rocks.
- magma that cooled deep below a volcano.
- gases that condensed in the atmosphere.
- vegetation that decayed in thick layers.

Question: Question: Sandstone and all other types of sedimentary rock are made up of particles. The source materials of these particles consist of


Choices:
- oxygen
- nitrogen
- carbon dioxide
- carbon monoxide

Question: Question: A tree uses gas A to produce gas B. An animal uses gas B to produce gas A. What is gas B in this cycle?


Choices:
- atom
- compound
- mixture
- solution

Question: Question: Which of the following is produced when two or more elements combine in a chemical reaction?


Choices:
- Their results will be unchangeable.
- The research team may become famous.
- The publishing company may make money.
- Their discoveries can be built on by other researchers.

Question: Question: A research team has made new discoveries about magnetism. Which of these statements best describes the value to society of publishing their discoveries?


Choices:
- Sun
- Moon
- Mars
- Saturn

Question: Question: Which object in the sky is a satellite of the planet Earth?


Choices:
- Water expands when it freezes.
- Water forms droplets as it falls.
- Water turns into a gas when it boils.
- Water takes the shape of its container.

Question: Question: Which statement describes a property of water that most likely causes large rocks to break apart?


Choices:
- a freshwater lake in the mountains
- marine fossils in a freshwater lake
- saltwater clams in the ocean
- a sandy beach next to the ocean

Question: Question: Which of these provides the best evidence that an environmental change has occurred?


Choices:
- The molecules will begin to move slower.
- The molecules will begin to move faster.
- The molecules will begin to increase in density.
- The molecules will begin to condense in the air.

Question: Question: An ice cube is put into a heated pan. What will most likely happen to the molecules in the ice as the ice is heated?


Choices:
- cardiovascular
- digestive
- immune
- musculoskeletal

Question: Question: Dr. Mendez specializes in patients who have osteoarthritis. His patients often complain of pain and swelling due to loss of cartilage. Which system is most affected by this disease?


Choices:
- the floor
- the foundation
- the plumbing
- the walls

Question: Question: During the construction of a new building, workers dug round holes in the ground and filled the holes with steel and concrete. Which of the following parts of the building was being built during this stage of construction?


Choices:
- navigate ships.
- study the weather.
- predict volcanic eruptions.
- map the Earth's surface.

Question: Question: Centuries ago, people used their knowledge of the stars to


Choices:
- Ride bikes more
- Make more farmland
- Take care of forests
- Move to the city

Question: Question: Which of these is the BEST way to save animals and trees?


Choices:
- Wind
- Water
- The Sun
- The Moon

Question: Question: From what source does almost all heat energy on Earth come?


Choices:
- depletion of ground water
- increased pollution
- erosion of soil
- acid rain

Question: Question: Overgrazing of land by livestock contributes to a major problem. That problem is


Choices:
- balance
- pH meter
- microscope
- thermometer

Question: Question: Which tool would be most useful in studying the living organisms the students collected from the pond?


Choices:
- a protostar
- a black hole
- a neutron star
- a white dwarf star

Question: Question: Which is the Sun most likely to become toward the end of its lifetime?


Choices:
- air.
- soil.
- rivers.
- oceans.

Question: Question: Acid rain is the result of pollutants being released into the


Choices:
- liver
- heart
- stomach
- kidney

Question: Question: The job of the bladder in an animal is to store wastes. Which organ in an animal removes wastes from the blood?


Choices:
- eating food
- absorbing sunlight
- eliminating waste
- drinking water

Question: Question: Animals get the energy they need for growth and repair by


Choices:
- a plant cell
- a protist cell
- an animal cell
- a prokaryote cell

Question: Question: Which of these cell types has DNA that is not bound in a nuclear membrane?


Choices:
- an organ
- an organism
- a system
- a tissue

Question: Question: In humans, digestion begins in the mouth. The complete process of digestion occurs with the help of many different parts of the body. Which term best identifies the parts of the body that carry out the function of digestion?


Choices:
- The molecules move at a faster rate.
- The molecules become more massive.
- The molecules expand and become wider.
- The molecules separate into atoms of hydrogen and oxygen.

Question: Question: Anita heats a beaker containing water. As the temperature of the water increases, which change to the water molecules occurs?


Choices:
- floods
- tsunamis
- blizzards
- earthquakes

Question: Question: Which of the following are likely to do the most damage to ecosystems along the Rio Grande River?


Choices:
- evolution
- germination
- cell division
- natural selection

Question: Question: Which process is responsible for the growth and repair of human tissue?


Choices:
- cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system
- tissue -> organ -> cell -> organ system
- organ system -> organ -> cell -> tissue
- cell -> organ -> tissue -> organ system

Question: Question: Which sequence represents the correct levels of organization for multicellular organisms?


Choices:
- strike-slip fault
- subduction zone
- mid-ocean ridges
- folded mountains

Question: Question: Convection currents in the mantle are thought to be the driving force behind tectonic movement. At which location do the convection currents cause the plates to diverge?


Choices:
- black
- green
- pink
- white

Question: Question: A class made a solar cooker out of a large can. What color should they paint the can in order to collect the most heat?


Choices:
- mass production
- custom production
- automated production
- assembly line production

Question: Question: Ann makes hats for people. She has each person select the fabric and a hat style before she makes the hat to fit the person's head size. Which type of manufacturing system is Ann most likely using to make hats?


Choices:
- the ingredients
- the serving size
- the nutritional information
- the company that makes it

Question: Question: What information would be most helpful to a person with allergies when selecting food products?


Choices:
- Earth making a complete rotation
- the Moon making a complete rotation
- Earth revolving completely around the Sun
- the Moon revolving completely around Earth

Question: Question: Which event takes about one year to complete?


Choices:
- Mars
- Earth
- Venus
- Jupiter

Question: Question: Which planet is fourth from the Sun in our solar system?


Choices:
- friction
- gravity
- light
- electricity

Question: Question: What force causes objects to be pulled toward Earth?


Choices:
- They are both flexible.
- They are both stiff.
- They both make food for a plant.
- They both give support to a plant.

Question: Question: What do the long vine of an ivy plant and the trunk of an oak tree have in common?


Choices:
- observe the plants and record observations daily
- move the plants to new locations every day
- measure the height of each plant every hour
- add different amounts of water to each plant

Question: Question: Students wanted to see if the growth of a plant was affected by using four different types of soil. How should the students best carry out this investigation after potting the plants in the four different types of soil?


Choices:
- The first view of atoms and molecules
- Detailed observations of Jupiter and Mars
- The name spectrum for the colors of light
- The term cell to describe the smallest unit of life

Question: Question: In the 16005 Robert Hooke invented an improved type of microscope. Which of these was a direct result of this invention?


Choices:
- atomic number from mass number.
- mass number from atomic number.
- atomic number from electron number.
- isotope number from electron number.

Question: Question: The number of neutrons in an atom is found by subtracting


Choices:
- increases
- decreases
- increases
- remains the same

Question: Question: As the distance between a magnet and a metal paper clip increases, the force of attraction between them


Choices:
- locomotion
- respiration
- elimination
- absorption

Question: Question: Nutrients enter the bloodstream during the process of


Choices:
- nitrogen, arsenic, and antimony
- carbon, selenium, and iodine
- silicon, sulfur, and germanium
- silicon, sulfur, and chlorine

Question: Question: Which set of elements have chemical properties similar to those of phosphorus?


Choices:
- upper atmospheric disturbances.
- the tilt of Earth's rotational axis.
- density differences caused by temperature changes.
- the gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon.

Question: Question: Tides occur in the oceans at regular times every day because of


Choices:
- infiltration
- evaporation
- condensation
- precipitation

Question: Question: What is the name of the process in the water cycle shown by label 1?


Choices:
- magnetism
- gravity
- friction
- energy

Question: Question: What force pulls things towards the center of Earth?


Choices:
- A volcano erupts in the state of Washington.
- An earthquake takes place off the coast of Japan.
- A wild fire scorches a prairie in the upper Midwest.
- A hurricane moves from the Gulf of Mexico onto land.

Question: Question: Earth can be viewed as an engine and heat exchange is part of the engine system. Which would be an example of a transfer of energy from the atmosphere to the lithosphere?


Choices:
- oil and coal
- coal and solar energy
- geothermal energy and oil
- solar energy and geothermal energy

Question: Question: All energy resources have benefits, risks, and drawbacks. Which two resources present the most dangerous risks and consequences for the environment during their acquisition?


Choices:
- a muscle cell
- a nerve cell
- a blood cell
- a sperm cell

Question: Question: A puppy has traits from its mother and its father. Which of these structures provides genetic information from the father to the puppy?


Choices:
- submission of an article to a peer-reviewed journal
- inclusion of the new explanation in a biology textbook
- posting observations and conclusions on the scientist's website
- inviting reporters from many organizations to a press conference

Question: Question: A scientist performs an experiment which suggests a new explanation for the digestion of certain proteins in humans. These results should first be communicated to the scientific community by which means?


Choices:
- Winds weakened.
- Humidity decreased.
- Air pressure dropped.
- Temperatures increased.

Question: Question: Juan noticed that sunny skies suddenly became stormy. Which most likely happened when the weather changed in this way?


Choices:
- condensation
- evaporation
- precipitation
- runoff

Question: Question: Which process causes water to move from the ocean to the atmosphere during the formation of a hurricane?


Choices:
- What color changes can be observed?
- How much precipitate is formed?
- Is heat absorbed or released?
- How can this reaction be reversed?

Question: Question: A student places a chemical in an insulated container and measures the temperature. A second chemical is added and the container is sealed and the temperature is monitored. What is the student trying to determine?


Choices:
- one cell divides into two cells
- two cells unite to form one cell
- a gene in a cell mutates
- egg cells are produced

Question: Question: Which is an example of asexual reproduction?


Choices:
- evolution
- metabolism
- circulation
- reproduction

Question: Question: The sum of all chemical reactions that take place within an organism is known as


Choices:
- path around Earth
- length of daylight
- gravity
- temperature

Question: Question: The appearance of the Moon as observed from Earth changes over time because of the Moon's


Choices:
- cells
- nutrients
- atoms
- hormones

Question: Question: The basic life functions of an organism are carried on by


Choices:
- the centrifugal force created by rapid rotation
- the electrical repulsion of nuclei in the plasma
- the gravitational pull created by orbiting planets
- the outward pressure created by nuclear fusion

Question: Question: What keeps stars such as the Sun from collapsing from their own self-gravity?


Choices:
- wind energy
- petroleum
- uranium
- solar energy

Question: Question: The increasing use of internal combustion engines could eventually deplete which resource?


Choices:
- check for errors in the experimental procedure.
- repeat the experiment.
- change data to support the hypothesis.
- ask new questions.

Question: Question: If the results of an experiment do not support the hypothesis, the scientist will most likely do all of the following except


Choices:
- red light
- green light
- violet light
- yellow light

Question: Question: Which has the longest wavelength?


Choices:
- The birth rate is greater than the death rate.
- The birth rate is less than the death rate.
- The birth rate is equal to the death rate.
- The birth rate and the death rate are zero.

Question: Question: Which statement best describes how birth and death rates compare in a population at carrying capacity?


Choices:
- the cost of the land
- the location of the groundwater
- the proximity to an industrial park
- the accessibility to a major highway

Question: Question: Your community is planning to build a new sanitary landfill. In locating the landfill, which is the most important environmental consideration?


Choices:
- air
- glass
- water
- wood

Question: Question: Which is the best conductor of electricity?


Choices:
- meters
- centiliters
- millimeters
- liters

Question: Question: Students compared the growth rate of the roots of basil plants in three different water solutions. Measurements were recorded every other day for eight weeks. Which unit of measure is most appropriate for this investigation?


Choices:
- ice
- copper
- water
- wood

Question: Question: When placed in a container at room temperature, which substance has a definite volume but takes the shape of the container?


Choices:
- are solid at room temperature.
- are good electrical conductors.
- generally have very high densities.
- tend to form ions by gaining electrons.

Question: Question: Elements on the right side of the periodic table differ from the elements on the left side in that the elements on the right side


Choices:
- supernovas
- the big bang
- collisions of galaxies
- modern decay of unstable atoms

Question: Question: Astronomers have found low-energy background radiation in every part of the sky that they have studied. This radiation is taken as evidence of energy remaining from which event?


Choices:
- a magnetic compass
- a meter stick
- a calculator
- a stop watch

Question: Question: A class is studying how gravity affects objects in motion. Which tool would best measure the distance an object travels after it is thrown?


Choices:
- There would be no seasons.
- One Earth-year would be 14% longer.
- The Earth would spin at a different rate.
- Temperatures at the Earth's equator would cool.

Question: Question: If the Earth did not tilt on its axis in relation to the sun, which of the following would also be true?


Choices:
- Democritus
- Isaac Newton
- Galileo Galilei
- Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Question: Question: In the 20th century, Edwin Hubble deduced from observations that there are galaxies other than the Milky Way. Hubble's observations depended on improvements in a technology first developed by which scientist?


Choices:
- It uses renewable natural resources.
- It is easily generated in most big cities.
- It can be generated from any area on Earth.
- It does not require special buildings or equipment.

Question: Question: What is one of the major advantages of using hydroelectric power?


Choices:
- Magma is below ground. Lava is above ground.
- Magma is cool. Lava is hot.
- Magma comes out of earthquakes. Lava comes out of volcanoes.
- Magma is solid. Lava is liquid.

Question: Question: What is the difference between magma and lava?


Choices:
- electricity.
- magnetism.
- atoms.
- gravity.

Question: Question: Scientists today understand how forces work due to Isaac Newton's study of


Choices:
- completed half of one rotation.
- been in the shadow of the Moon.
- been circled by the Moon one time.
- moved to the opposite side of the Sun.

Question: Question: On a day in early spring, the number of hours of daylight and of night are about the same. From sunrise to sunset on a spring day, Earth has


Choices:
- an increase in the number of bats
- a decrease in the number of mosquitoes
- an increase in the number of insect-eating birds
- a decrease in the number of Japanese beetles

Question: Question: A marsh in your neighborhood dried up during a long, hot summer. This is most likely to cause which of the following changes in the neighborhood?


Choices:
- be covered with moss and rocks.
- be a mature hardwood forest.
- be grown over with bushes and small trees.
- be barren due to lack of maintenance.

Question: Question: In an effort to preserve wildlife on his farm in Massachusetts, a farmer decides to stop using a 10-acre field. The farmer fences off the area, stops cutting the grass, and stops allowing livestock to graze on it. After twenty years, the area would most likely


Choices:
- water flowing in a riverbed
- a wave crashing on a beach
- an earthquake cracking a road
- wind blowing against a mountain

Question: Question: Penny's class was learning how rapidly some changes can happen on Earth. Which event causes the fastest change to the surface of Earth?


Choices:
- the gravity of Earth
- the rotation of Earth
- the axial tilt of Earth
- the revolution of Earth

Question: Question: Air that travels away from the equator fails to maintain a straight path. The path of the air is deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. The apparent deflection of air to either the right or left is known as the Coriolis Effect. Which factor produces the Coriolis Effect?


Choices:
- As coal is heated, some of the molecules move so fast that they are destroyed.
- Some of the energy in coal is destroyed by the intense heat required to release its potential energy.
- Some of the potential energy in coal is converted into forms of energy other than electricity.
- The amount of potential energy in fuels is overestimated.

Question: Question: When coal is burned to produce electricity, the electrical energy produced is less than the potential energy in the coal. Which best explains this observation?


Choices:
- Nervous
- Digestive
- Circulatory
- Respiratory

Question: Question: When a person's arm touches something hot, the muscles in the arm react to pull the arm away. Which body system alerts the muscles to react?


Choices:
- The test tube is cold.
- The test tube is warm.
- The test tube is very hot.
- The test tube is the same temperature as the air.

Question: Question: Two chemicals are mixed in a test tube and a chemical reaction takes place. If this reaction is endothermic and the test tube is touched, which of the following best describes what is felt?


Choices:
- meters.
- inches.
- millimeters.
- feet.

Question: Question: The width of a pencil lead is most accurately measured in


Choices:
- amoeba
- euglena
- paramecium
- volvox

Question: Question: Which organism is able to work together with other cells of its species?


Choices:
- Triple-beam balance
- Metric ruler
- Computer monitor
- Fire extinguisher

Question: Question: Which of the following items is necessary in a laboratory for safety purposes?


Choices:
- light
- chemical
- electrical
- nuclear

Question: Question: Which type of energy is carried through a metal cable?


Choices:
- filter salt water
- store fresh water
- move liquid water
- precipitate solid water

Question: Question: Glaciers cover about 10% of the total land area on Earth. The role of glaciers in the water cycle is to


Choices:
- meter stick and test tubes.
- beaker and stopwatch.
- thermometer and computer probes.
- balance and graduated cylinder.

Question: Question: The density of a material can be measured by using a


Choices:
- the bouncing back of waves as they meet a surface
- the bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another
- the bending of waves as they pass an edge or an opening
- the combining of two waves that meet at a point

Question: Question: Which of the following describes diffraction?


Choices:
- reducing the number of job-related injuries
- producing manufactured objects at a faster rate
- displacing skilled workers from manufacturing jobs
- decreasing the availability of manufactured products

Question: Question: What is one way in which workplace automation can have a negative effect on society?


Choices:
- troposphere
- stratosphere
- mesosphere
- thermosphere

Question: Question: Which layer of the atmosphere contains about 75% of the gasses and almost all of the water vapor?


Choices:
- glaciers in the area to melt.
- large mountain ranges to form.
- deep mid-ocean trenches to develop.
- deserts in the area to become fertile.

Question: Question: India was once its own continent. According to the theory of continental drift, India has collided with and become part of the continent of Asia. This caused


Choices:
- It is drier at night.
- It is cooler at night.
- There is less danger at night.
- There is less wind at night.

Question: Question: Why are many desert animals more active at night?


Choices:
- The Sun would rise in the west.
- The seasons would be reversed.
- There would be more days in each year.
- The phases of the Moon would last longer.

Question: Question: If the Earth rotated in the opposite direction, what would most likely occur?


Choices:
- wind
- water
- temperature
- gravity

Question: Question: A student uses a fan and a box of sand to model the formation of sand dunes. This model shows the effect of which natural factor on the landscape?


Choices:
- record his observations
- develop a hypothesis
- reach a conclusion
- organize the data

Question: Question: Evan is performing an investigation. Before conducting his investigation, what must Evan do?


Choices:
- reducing fluid friction.
- increasing surface area.
- increasing terminal velocity.
- decreasing mass.

Question: Question: When a skydiver jumps from a plane, the open parachute will increase the air resistance by


Choices:
- The chair would still be there, but it would weigh less.
- The chair would be exactly the same as it was before.
- There would be nothing left of the chair.
- Only a pool of liquid would be left on the floor.

Question: Question: If you took all of the atoms out of a chair, what would be left?


Choices:
- Mars
- The moon
- Jupiter
- The sun

Question: Question: Which of these is the center of our solar system?


Choices:
- Older than Earth
- Smaller than Earth
- Having the same climate as Earth
- Having the same atmosphere as Earth

Question: Question: Which of these best describes the Moon?


Choices:
- speed.
- volume.
- distance.
- temperature.

Question: Question: The color of a star indicates its


Choices:
- producer
- prey
- predator
- decomposer

Question: Question: Which type of organism helps return nutrients from dead plants and animals to the soil?


Choices:
- prevent a collapse of the underlying sediment.
- limit the types of pollutants that can enter the soil.
- increase water absorption by the replaced sediments.
- reduce soil erosion and provide new habitat for animals.

Question: Question: When mining for coal, a mining company removes the plants and layers of soil and rock above the coal deposit, and takes the coal. When the operation is complete, the mining company returns soil and rock, covers it with a layer of topsoil, and plants trees and grass. The trees and grass help to


Choices:
- by using smaller marbles to represent electrons
- by using two marbles to represent each neutron
- by using two differently colored marbles for protons
- by switching the colors of the marbles

Question: Question: A model of an atom includes red marbles for electrons, green marbles for protons, and blue marbles for neutrons. All marbles have a radius of 2 cm. How could the model be changed to represent more properties of an atom?


Choices:
- an atom.
- a proton.
- an electron.
- a molecule.

Question: Question: The smallest particle of matter that can be identified as an element is called


Choices:
- The young look like the adults in both cycles.
- The young hatch from eggs in both cycles.
- Both life cycles begin in a water habitat.
- Both life cycles have a pupa stage.

Question: Question: How are the life cycles of a ladybug and a frog similar?


Choices:
- a material that has high porosity and high permeability
- a material that has high porosity and low permeability
- a material that has low porosity and high permeability
- a material that has low porosity and low permeability

Question: Question: The empty spaces in a material are called pores. Porosity is the amount of empty space within a material. Permeability describes how well the pores in a material are connected. Which of these materials would make the most effective aquifer?


Choices:
- The stars are revolving around the Sun.
- The Moon is revolving around Earth.
- Earth is revolving around the Sun.
- The stars are revolving around Earth.

Question: Question: Why do we see different stars in the sky at different times of the year?


Choices:
- Water quality will improve.
- Aquatic animals will thrive.
- Fish will die from a lack of oxygen.
- Aquatic plants will stop growing.

Question: Question: Which of these will most likely occur if chemicals from fertilizers run off into lakes and streams?


Choices:
- texture
- hardness
- organic content
- water retention

Question: Question: A student identifies a soil sample as "very gritty." What characteristic of the soil did the student describe?


Choices:
- dying
- inactive
- growing taller
- growing its leaves

Question: Question: When a tree is dormant, the tree is


Choices:
- positive protons.
- negative neutrons.
- negative protons and positive electrons.
- positive protons and negative neutrons.

Question: Question: The charge of the nucleus of an atom is due to the presence of


Choices:
- rock
- air
- lava
- water

Question: Question: Earth's hydrosphere is a layer of


Choices:
- chemical
- radiant
- kinetic
- sound

Question: Question: Riding a bicycle produces several forms of energy. Which form of energy is produced in the greatest amount by pedaling a bicycle down the sidewalk?


Choices:
- flower
- leaf
- root
- stem

Question: Question: Which part of a dandelion plant takes in minerals and water?


Choices:
- coal
- soil
- water
- wood

Question: Question: Many natural resources are found in Maryland and the surrounding area. Some of these natural resources are renewable and some are nonrenewable. People use both kinds of resources in daily activities. Using natural resources often produces waste products. Which of these natural resources found in Maryland is nonrenewable?


Choices:
- Adelle receives an artificial hip to ease her arthritis.
- Kwan receives a pacemaker to regulate his heartbeat.
- Hector receives a replacement heart valve from a cow.
- Denise receives a kidney donated by her identical twin.

Question: Question: Which surgery is most like the way a transgenic organism is made?


Choices:
- increasing oxygen levels
- decreasing oxygen levels
- increasing carbon dioxide levels
- decreasing carbon dioxide levels

Question: Question: Use the information to answer the question. Over the last 150 years, the use of fossil fuels has increased, resulting in more carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Some scientists think that these atmospheric gases will result in global warming. Scientists have recorded data on global temperature changes and have predicted possible changes in sea level that may affect Maryland residents. Using fossil fuels in the United States will most likely contribute to rising sea levels globally by


Choices:
- The drops form fog.
- The drops evaporate.
- The drops fall as rain.
- The drops become air.

Question: Question: Clouds are formed from tiny drops of water that are light enough to float in the air. As these drops bump into each other, they form larger drops. What happens when these drops become too heavy to float in the air?


Choices:
- erosion
- dissolving
- plate shifting
- compaction

Question: Question: The shape of a riverbed changes over time as a result of which gradual process?


Choices:
- The Earth rotates on its axis.
- The Sun rotates on its axis.
- The Earth's axis is tilted.
- The Earth revolves around the Sun.

Question: Question: Which statement explains why daylight and darkness occur on Earth?


Choices:
- erosion
- friction
- gravity
- magnetism

Question: Question: Which force causes a soccer ball to fall to the ground after it has been kicked up in the air?


Choices:
- a decrease in the erosion of riverbanks
- a decrease in the number of native plants
- an increase in the number of animal habitats
- an increase in the diversity of insect species

Question: Question: Which event will occur in an area after a major flood?


Choices:
- gravitational
- magnetic
- electrical
- nuclear

Question: Question: What type of force keeps the planets orbiting the Sun?


Choices:
- Neon
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
- Carbon dioxide

Question: Question: Which gas could cause a glowing splint to burst into flame?


Choices:
- a virus
- a protist
- a fungus
- a bacterium

Question: Question: Dr. Wagner is investigating a newly discovered, disease-causing agent. She determines that one structure in the agent is double-stranded RNA. What kind of agent is Dr. Wagner studying?


Choices:
- repairing the double strand of DNA
- concentrating RNA into a nucleolus
- maintaining homeostasis of nucleoplasm
- dissolving the nuclear membrane during mitosis

Question: Question: Which activity is an important function of nucleases?


Choices:
- to know how many people take medicines
- to keep track of all of the people who are sick
- to keep track of the next scheduled appointments
- to know if there is a risk for harmful side effects

Question: Question: Which best explains why it is important for a doctor's office to keep accurate records of the medicines prescribed for their patients?


Choices:
- refracted.
- reflected.
- absorbed.
- transmitted.

Question: Question: When light hits a mirror, most of the light is


Choices:
- Apply the same amount of light to all the plants.
- Apply only green light to all the plants.
- Flash the lights to simulate a partly cloudy day.
- Keep the plants in darkness.

Question: Question: A plant scientist is developing a new fertilizer called Hypergrow. She designs an experiment to test whether Hypergrow helps plants grow faster than Supergrow, a fertilizer already on the market. Which of the following should the scientist do with light during the experiment?


Choices:
- 0°C.
- 32°C.
- 100°C.
- 212°C.

Question: Question: The boiling point of water in degrees Celsius is


Choices:
- cleavage
- color
- luster
- streak

Question: Question: A student sorted mineral samples into two groups: dull and shiny. Which of the following properties did the student use to sort the mineral samples into groups?


Choices:
- It is a result of asexual reproduction.
- It is a result of childhood nutrition.
- It is an inherited characteristic.
- It is a personal choice.

Question: Question: A 13-year-old boy has blue eyes. Which statement concerning his eye color is correct?


Choices:
- rain
- fog
- groundwater
- surface water

Question: Question: Radioactive waste from nuclear power plants is sealed in containers and deeply buried in the ground. Sealing and burying waste reduces the chances that water will become contaminated. At which point in the water cycle would radioactive contamination most likely be found?


Choices:
- The far side of the moon does not reflect sunlight.
- The moon stays in one location while Earth revolves around it.
- The period of rotation and the period of revolution for the moon are about the same.
- The moon rotates clockwise on its axis while Earth rotates counterclockwise on its axis.

Question: Question: The early Greeks are credited with many valid concepts in astronomy. Some of their theories were correct; some were later proven incorrect. One theory was that Earth was the center of the universe and that other planets circled Earth. The Greeks thought Earth did not move because its movement was not obvious from the surface of the planet. The Greeks also believed that an invisible sphere surrounding our planet contained the stars. This sphere rotated, explaining the apparent movement of constellations over time. Early Greeks also developed theories about the relationship between the moon and Earth. Why is the same side of the moon always visible from Earth?


Choices:
- an element
- a mixture
- a compound
- an atom

Question: Question: Sodium chloride (NaCl) is formed in a chemical reaction between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl_{2}). What is sodium chloride?


Choices:
- algae
- fungi
- reptiles
- angiosperms

Question: Question: Which group of organisms is most responsible for changing the composition of Earth's early atmosphere?


Choices:
- The kittens are provided the same kind of milk from their mother as they grow.
- The kittens inherit some of their traits from their mother and some from their father.
- The kittens are kept at the same temperatures by their mother when they are first born.
- The kittens are taught by their parents to have similar traits.

Question: Question: A litter of kittens have traits that are similar to both the mother cat and the father cat. Which best explains this situation?


Choices:
- It expands.
- It dissolves.
- It condenses.
- It evaporates.

Question: Question: Jessica is making fruit punch for her friends. She pours the powder into a container with sugar and water. Which of these best describes what happens to the sugar?


Choices:
- thermal energy.
- chemical energy.
- mechanical energy.
- electromagnetic energy.

Question: Question: The motion of atoms and molecules in a substance is


Choices:
- ocean trenches
- fault boundaries
- mid-ocean ridges
- composite volcanoes

Question: Question: Which features form when magma emerges between two diverging oceanic plates?


Choices:
- number of mitochondria
- presence of a nucleus
- structure of the cytoskeleton
- salt concentration of cytoplasm

Question: Question: Research has shown that specialization of stem cells into specific cell types results, in part, from cell shape. What provides a specialized cell with its shape?


Choices:
- They all live on land.
- They all have hair or fur.
- They are all good swimmers.
- They all live in warm climates.

Question: Question: Nicole is learning about the characteristics of different vertebrates. Which is a common characteristic of mammals?


Choices:
- flying and breathing
- migrating and reproducing
- using nutrients and growing
- eliminating waste and hibernating

Question: Question: Which two processes are common to all living things?


Choices:
- fluorocarbons from aerosol spray cans
- nitrous oxide from volcanic eruptions
- sulfur dioxide from burning fossil fuels
- soil particles from the use of farm equipment

Question: Question: Acid rain can damage limestone buildings and marble statues. It can also harm organisms living in ponds and other ecosystems. Which pollutant in the atmosphere causes most of the acid rain?


Choices:
- near a forest
- near a marsh
- near a desert
- near a prairie

Question: Question: Ospreys are birds that eat fish. Where would an osprey most likely live?


Choices:
- limited
- renewable
- damaging
- inexpensive

Question: Question: Which of these best describes wind energy?


Choices:
- using light energy to produce sugar
- producing sex cells for reproduction
- moving nutrients to specialized tissues
- transmitting impulses along nerve pathways

Question: Question: Euglena is a single-celled photosynthetic organism. Clover is a multicellular green plant. Which of the following activities is carried out by both euglena and clover?


Choices:
- Liquid water in the air evaporated into a gas.
- Liquid water in the air condensed into a solid.
- Water vapor from the air evaporated into a liquid.
- Water vapor from the air condensed into a liquid.

Question: Question: A glass of ice water is placed on a table. After 10 minutes, there are drops of water on the outside surface of the glass. Which change in phase caused the drops of water?


Choices:
- Nervous
- Digestive
- Circulatory
- Respiratory

Question: Question: The list below gives some symptoms of people with the common cold. Symptoms of the Common Cold stuffy nose low fever sore throat cough Which body system is most affected by the common cold?


Choices:
- several years
- hundreds of years
- thousands of years
- millions of years

Question: Question: The formation of the Grand Canyon has most likely taken how long?


Choices:
- pneumonia caused by microorganisms
- heart problem caused by a high-fat diet
- lung cancer caused by smoking
- eye damage caused by ultraviolet light

Question: Question: Which health condition is an infectious disease?


Choices:
- The processes require egg cells.
- New cells are produced.
- Two parents are required.
- The processes produce genetically unique offspring.

Question: Question: Which statement describes a characteristic of both sexual and asexual reproduction?


Choices:
- watering a garden
- pulling weeds from a lawn
- installing a wooden fence
- burning leaves

Question: Question: Which activity is most likely to add pollutants to the environment?


Choices:
- a woodpecker nesting in a cavity of a dead tree
- a tapeworm absorbing food in the digestive tract of a wolf
- a polar bear hunting a seal for food
- a hummingbird transferring pollen between flowers

Question: Question: Which is the best example of a parasitic relationship?


Choices:
- decreased production cost
- decreased productivity
- increased number of manual-labor jobs
- increased number of design flaws

Question: Question: What is a benefit of using technology, such as robotics, in manufacturing?


Choices:
- conduction
- convection
- insulation
- radiation

Question: Question: Warm air masses that rise over Earth's equator move north or south. This movement is primarily the result of which of the following processes?


Choices:
- day.
- year.
- week.
- month.

Question: Question: A new moon occurs about every


Choices:
- All fungi are multicellular heterotrophs.
- All fungi are single-celled heterotrophs.
- All animals are multicellular heterotrophs.
- All animals are single-celled heterotrophs.

Question: Question: Which statement is true?


Choices:
- a fossil
- an animal species
- a new plant species
- a nonrenewable fuel

Question: Question: A leaf is covered in mud during a landslide. After one million years, this leaf will most likely be ___.


Choices:
- parasitism
- migration
- mutualism
- competition

Question: Question: A certain snake species in an ecosystem eats small rodents. If a bird species is introduced into the ecosystem that also eats small rodents, which of these will most likely increase?


Choices:
- being open to new ideas
- sharing limited research
- focus on completing research first
- focus on formulating conclusions

Question: Question: Which characteristic would a scientist most likely maintain throughout an investigation?


Choices:
- roots
- stems
- leaves
- flowers

Question: Question: Plant cells use special parts to capture sunlight. The parts use the sunlight to make food. Where will you find the most of these parts in a plant?


Choices:
- a rock sitting at the top of a steep hill
- a tennis ball rolling across the court
- a picture hanging on the wall
- a piece of wood before it is burned

Question: Question: Which is the best example of something that has kinetic energy?


Choices:
- It makes the ocean water saltier.
- It removes sand from the ocean floor.
- It causes ocean waves to become stronger.
- It creates a habitat for some ocean animals.

Question: Question: Corals are small marine organisms that live in groups and make hard outer skeletons to protect their bodies. Over time, these outer skeletons can build up to make large coral reefs. Which of the following statements best describes one way the formation of a coral reef changes the ocean ecosystem?


Choices:
- 4 centimeters
- 8 centimeters
- 12 centimeters
- 16 centimeters

Question: Question: A magnet and a metal paper clip have the strongest magnetic attraction when the distance between them is


Choices:
- desert.
- grassland.
- rainforest.
- tundra.

Question: Question: High average daily temperature and heavy annual precipitation are found in a


Choices:
- electrical
- chemical
- thermal
- nuclear

Question: Question: Computers have devices called heat sinks designed to lower the temperature of a computer by scattering produced heat into the surrounding area. Which type of energy is kept away from a computer by a heat sink?


Choices:
- casting
- milling
- finishing
- refining

Question: Question: In the first step of making some ceramic cups, the following manufacturing process is used. Liquid clay is poured into a mold, allowed to solidify, then removed from the mold. What is the name of this manufacturing process?


Choices:
- the moons of Jupiter
- the bacteria that causes disease
- the deep-sea trenches in the ocean
- the parts of a plant that perform photosynthesis

Question: Question: The first telescopes were invented hundreds of years ago. Which was discovered as a result of this invention?


Choices:
- One student lifts a rock and skips it across a stream.
- One student thinks about rocks and writes down his opinion.
- Two students study a rock and then compare their observations.
- Two students remove rocks from a garden and then plant flowers.

Question: Question: Which of these best demonstrates the characteristics of science?


Choices:
- skin
- blood
- muscle
- brain

Question: Question: Which type of tissue functions to move the bones?


Choices:
- Ozone absorbs ultraviolet light.
- Nitrogen reflects ultraviolet light.
- Water vapor scatters ultraviolet light.
- Carbon dioxide blocks ultraviolet light.

Question: Question: What process in the atmosphere protects people from the ultraviolet rays in sunlight?


Choices:
- It contains more than one cell.
- It is a complete organism.
- It is part of a larger organism.
- It contains different kinds of cells.

Question: Question: Which statement best describes a bacterial cell?


Choices:
- is a broad band within the spectrum.
- is a narrow band within the spectrum.
- makes up 50 percent of the spectrum.
- makes up more than 75 percent of the spectrum.

Question: Question: Visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum


Choices:
- engine
- front headlight
- hood
- steering wheel

Question: Question: Which of the following is the best example of a part of the propulsion system of a tractor?


Choices:
- coal
- gas
- oil
- solar

Question: Question: A homeowner wants to use a renewable source of energy to heat the home. Which of these would be the best to use?


Choices:
- The roots turn downward.
- The roots move horizontally.
- The leaves face toward the Sun.
- The stems curl around supports.

Question: Question: How do sprouting plants exhibit positive gravitropism?


Choices:
- quartz.
- diamond.
- aluminum.
- iron.

Question: Question: A student picked up a small rock using a magnet. The rock probably contained


Choices:
- water
- carbon dioxide
- minerals
- food

Question: Question: Grasses, shrubs, and trees are called producers because they make


Choices:
- The rate of photosynthesis may decrease.
- There is a probability of genetic variability.
- The number of symbiotic relationships increases.
- It could lead to the potential extinction of those animals.

Question: Question: How does the buying and selling of a popular species of rainforest animal as pets have a negative effect on the rainforest ecosystem?


Choices:
- fires.
- salt.
- cold temperatures.
- dry conditions.

Question: Question: Plants that can live in sandy soils most likely have the ability to withstand


Choices:
- mass
- size
- number of neutrons
- number of protons

Question: Question: Which characteristic of an element determines its placement in the periodic table?


Choices:
- more than 75%
- 50%
- 25%
- less than 10%

Question: Question: Approximately what percentage of the electromagnetic spectrum is visible light?


Choices:
- The nitrogen gas in box A has a greater mass than the nitrogen gas in box B.
- The nitrogen gas in box A has a greater density than the nitrogen gas in box B.
- The nitrogen gas in box A has a greater temperature than the nitrogen gas in box B.
- The nitrogen gas in box A has a greater specific gravity than the nitrogen gas in box B.

Question: Question: Two boxes, A and B, both contain the same number of nitrogen gas molecules. The gas molecules in box A have twice the average speed of the molecules in box B. Which of the following best describes the nitrogen gas in box A?


Choices:
- A sports player scores a goal.
- A scientist gives a weather report.
- A friend watches a television show.
- A nurse checks the temperature of a patient.

Question: Question: People use many tools to help measure changes. Which person is measuring a change?


Choices:
- natural killer T cells
- regulatory T cells
- cytotoxic T cells
- helper T cells

Question: Question: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infects the cells that coordinate the human immune response. When these cells are killed or compromised, the body cannot effectively protect itself from infection. Which cells does HIV infect?


Choices:
- long hair
- favorite color
- brown eyes
- broken arm

Question: Question: Which trait can children inherit from their parents?


Choices:
- microscope
- hand lens
- metric ruler
- triple-beam balance

Question: Question: Which tool would be best for students to use to observe and measure plant cells?


Choices:
- In a dry area
- In a dark room
- On a plant stand
- Near a sunny place

Question: Question: For a plant to stay alive indoors, where does it need to be placed?


Choices:
- large size
- protective coloration
- scent glands
- leathery skin

Question: Question: Which type of adaptation allows an animal to deceive its predator?


Choices:
- the water cycle
- seasons of the year
- sunrises and sunsets
- global climate changes

Question: Question: Which occurs as a result of the rotation of Earth about its own axis?


Choices:
- kilowatts
- kilocalories
- newton-meters
- foot-pounds per second

Question: Question: Theresa studied different forms of energy. Which is the best way of expressing the amount of mechanical energy exerted by a force?


Choices:
- evaporation, condensation, precipitation
- metamorphosis, evaporation, respiration
- precipitation, perspiration, mitosis
- fixation, decomposition, respiration

Question: Question: The water cycle includes which processes?


Choices:
- Rice
- Tobacco
- Orchid
- Cotton

Question: Question: Which plant is grown for food?


Choices:
- transport of material inside the cell
- response of the cell to external pathogens
- storage of energy in stable long-term forms
- direction of cellular activity

Question: Question: Which cell function is most directly dependent on the cytoskeleton?


Choices:
- courtship.
- mimicry.
- learned behavior.
- instinctive behavior.

Question: Question: When birds fly south for the winter, they are exhibiting


Choices:
- atmosphere.
- lithosphere.
- biosphere.
- hydrosphere.

Question: Question: When a plane flies, it travels through air that contains gases, liquids, and solids. This area is best described as the


Choices:
- They would produce more offspring.
- They would change the color of their feathers.
- They would experience a decrease in available food.
- They would experience a decrease in competition.

Question: Question: How would the woodpecker population in a forest area most likely be affected if a housing development is built in that area?


Choices:
- sea
- lake
- river
- estuary

Question: Question: Where is water most likely to be brackish?


Choices:
- stars
- planets
- galaxies
- solar systems

Question: Question: The amount of elements heavier than hydrogen is constantly increasing in the universe. Which best identifies the bodies in which this change is taking place?


Choices:
- rodents to bats
- reptiles to birds
- aquatic organisms to land-based organisms
- invertebrates to flying organisms

Question: Question: The discovery of a fossilized animal with teeth, a long bony tail, and feathered wings helped to establish which evolutionary sequence?


Choices:
- the sum of the potential and kinetic energy
- the difference of the potential and kinetic energy
- only the kinetic energy
- only the potential energy

Question: Question: What does the mechanical energy of a system include?


Choices:
- nervous system
- digestive system
- circulatory system
- respiratory system

Question: Question: On a class field trip, Zach took a walk through the woods using his senses. Zach made observations on the different sights, smells, and sounds in the woods. What system transferred the observations from his senses to his brain?


Choices:
- evaporation of water
- grinding of rock
- melting of ice
- rusting of iron

Question: Question: Louis was investigating physical and chemical changes in matter. Which of these changes that Louis found involves a chemical change in matter?


Choices:
- friction
- gravity
- magnetism
- electricity

Question: Question: A ball is thrown up into the air. Which force causes the ball to fall to the ground?


Choices:
- find shelter
- hunt for food
- swim faster
- escape enemies

Question: Question: An octopus releases black ink into the water when feeling threatened. What does this most likely help an octopus do?


Choices:
- index fossils
- law of superposition
- radiometric dating
- law of original horizontality

Question: Question: Which method would be best for scientists to use to determine the absolute age of a Precambrian igneous rock?


Choices:
- The mouse went to sleep.
- The mouse ate some food.
- The mouse started running.
- The mouse detected an odor.

Question: Question: A mouse's rate of carbon dioxide output increased. Which of the following most likely happened?


Choices:
- shedding a lot of fur.
- traveling in a herd.
- becoming thin.
- feeding on meat.

Question: Question: Deer are plants-eaters. A winter storm kills many of the plants deer eat. The storm will most likely result in the deer


Choices:
- line graph
- topographic map
- color-coded chart
- spreadsheet data table

Question: Question: Students measured the elevation changes in a large park near their school. Which of the following would be the best way to report their findings?


Choices:
- a stone rolling downhill
- a vehicle traveling on a bumpy road
- a string vibrating on a guitar
- a grasshopper jumping up and down occasionally

Question: Question: Which of the following is the best example of a wave?


Choices:
- mixing salt and pepper
- melting butter
- stirring salt into water
- melting an ice cube

Question: Question: Louisa needs to demonstrate a solution to her class. Which is the best example of a solution?


Choices:
- drive a longer route
- purchase a larger car
- take fewer car trips
- use smaller tires

Question: Question: Which action would most likely reduce air pollution caused by cars?


Choices:
- It conducts vibrations from speaker to receiver.
- It magnifies a person's voice.
- It carries the sounds through wires.
- It converts vibrations to electrical signals.

Question: Question: How is a telephone able to transmit sound?


Choices:
- vacuole
- cell wall
- mitochondrion
- cell membrane

Question: Question: Which cellular structure in an animal cell helps maintain homeostasis by controlling the transportation of substances into and out of the cell?


Choices:
- bifocal lens
- telescope lens
- telephone
- camera

Question: Question: Which of the following was invented by Benjamin Franklin?


Choices:
- structure
- propulsion
- guidance
- control

Question: Question: The engine of an automobile is part of which type of system?


Choices:
- earthquakes
- volcanic activity
- mountain building
- trenches

Question: Question: Which event most likely takes place as the result of crustal movement along transform boundaries?


Choices:
- light and water
- light and air
- nutrients and water
- nutrients and soil

Question: Question: The function of a plant's roots is to take in


Choices:
- stars change.
- continents move.
- rocks are formed.
- tides are produced.

Question: Question: The theory of plate tectonics provides the current explanation for the way in which


Choices:
- producer and consumer
- consumer and herbivore
- decomposer and producer
- herbivore and decomposer

Question: Question: An organism eats grass and is preyed upon by a carnivore. Which categories describe this organism?


Choices:
- ozone
- oxygen
- hydrogen
- carbon dioxide

Question: Question: Which substance is necessary for burning to take place?


Choices:
- egg, larva, and pupa
- egg, nymph, and pupa
- nymph, larva, and pupa
- nymph, egg, and larva

Question: Question: Moths undergo complete metamorphosis. Which stages does a moth's life cycle include?


Choices:
- 0%
- 50%
- 75%
- 100%

Question: Question: In humans, a V-shaped hairline is dominant over a straight hairline. If one parent is homozygous for a V-shaped hairline ( HH ) while the other parent is homozygous for a straight hairline ( hh ), what is the probability that the offspring of these parents will have a straight hairline?


Choices:
- with the quarks
- with the neutrons
- outside the nucleus
- near the protons

Question: Question: Where would electrons most likely be located in an atom?


Choices:
- first quarter and last quarter
- full moon and new moon
- when the moon is waxing
- when the moon is waning

Question: Question: Spring tides occur during which lunar phases?


Choices:
- strong.
- weak.
- at rest.
- in motion.

Question: Question: A magnet can generate an electric current in a wire if the magnet is close enough to the wire and if the magnet is also


Choices:
- ticks feeding on a dog
- bees transporting pollen from flowers
- pilotfish swimming under sharks
- birds eating the insects from the back of a hippopotamus

Question: Question: Which of the following symbiotic relationships is considered parasitic?


Choices:
- The height of your parents
- The height of your brothers and sisters
- Your hair color
- Your weight

Question: Question: What will most likely affect your adult height?


Choices:
- Earth is farthest away from the Sun on the winter solstice.
- Earth's rotational speed on its axis is greatest on the winter solstice.
- Earth is traveling around the Sun with the greatest speed on the winter solstice.
- Earth's Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun on the winter solstice.

Question: Question: The winter solstice occurs on either December 21 or 22, depending on the year. Which of the following statements best explains why the time of the year the winter solstice occurs has the least amount of daylight in Massachusetts?


Choices:
- wind, oil, coal
- fish, coal, wind
- oil, water, trees
- trees, water, fish

Question: Question: Maryland has many renewable and nonrenewable natural resources. Which group contains only renewable resources found in Maryland?


Choices:
- cell membrane
- cell wall
- cytoplasm
- nucleus

Question: Question: Which part makes a plant cell different from an animal cell?


Choices:
- Mars
- Moon
- Pluto
- Venus

Question: Question: Which of the following has a warmer average surface temperature than Earth?


Choices:
- a cloud
- a vacuum
- metal
- water

Question: Question: Sound waves are not able to travel through


Choices:
- a footprint in a rock
- a seashell under water
- a leaf in a mudpuddle
- a bone on top of a sand pile

Question: Question: Scientists study fossils to learn about extinct plants and animals. Which of these is the best example of a fossil?


Choices:
- inherited from only one parent.
- created by the environment.
- passed on from two parents.
- learned from siblings.

Question: Question: When an egg and sperm form an embryo, the offspring that is formed will have genetic traits that are


Choices:
- a pulley
- a wedge
- an inclined plane
- a wheel and axle

Question: Question: Turgor pressure in the cells of plant roots is strong enough to eventually crack the rocks in which they grow. What machine redirects force this way?


Choices:
- one meter
- two meters
- three meters
- four meters

Question: Question: Daphnee is going to build a model of the solar system for her science project. She decides that a meter (m) will represent one astronomical unit (AU) in her model. Based on this scale, how far away from the Sun would she need to place Earth?


Choices:
- the Sun
- the lizard's skin
- deep within Earth
- the decay of plant materials

Question: Question: A lizard in a desert sits on a warm rock. Where does the heat energy in the rock come from?


Choices:
- wind
- Moon's gravity
- salinity
- Earth's rotation

Question: Question: What is the major cause of ocean waves?


Choices:
- pie chart
- line graph
- scatterplot
- histogram

Question: Question: What type of graph would be best for recording plant growth over a one-week period?


Choices:
- Some ancient animals and some modern animals walk on four legs.
- Most ancient animals and most modern animals hunt animals for food.
- The same animals that lived long ago also live today.
- All animals can walk.

Question: Question: A scientist compares ancient animal tracks to modern animal tracks. Which conclusion is the scientist most likely to reach?


Choices:
- hot and dry
- cold and dry
- hot and humid
- cold and humid

Question: Question: A group of citizens want to have a statue built out of marble. They want to place it in a climate that has a slow rate of chemical weathering. In which type of climate would it be best to place the statue for the slowest rate of chemical weathering?


Choices:
- Both are tall.
- Both run fast.
- They have the same diet.
- They have the same bones in their limbs.

Question: Question: According to scientists, donkeys and horses share a common ancestor. Which evidence shows that the two organisms are related?


Choices:
- an insect that lives and feeds on the body of an alligator
- an ant that lives on a plant and defends the plant from other insects
- a bird that migrates to follow the movements of the butterflies that it eats
- a deer that eats one kind of plant, which allows another kind of plant to grow in its place

Question: Question: Which relationship is mutualistic?


Choices:
- They have the same genotype and phenotype.
- They have different phenotypes and genotypes.
- They have the same phenotype but different genotypes.
- They have the same genotype but different phenotypes.

Question: Question: In humans, B is the allele for brown eyes and b is the allele for blue eyes. Two brothers both have brown eyes, but one of them has both the B and b alleles while the other only has B alleles. Which statement is true about the brothers?


Choices:
- sugar.
- water.
- salt.
- oxygen.

Question: Question: Which of the following is broken down in the body to release energy?


Choices:
- They are composed mostly of iron.
- They are composed mostly of ice.
- They regularly revolve near the Sun.
- They regularly replenish water on Earth.

Question: Question: Which property is thought to characterize objects in the Oort Cloud?


Choices:
- wave without a medium.
- series of compressions only.
- pattern of up and down vibrations.
- pattern of compressions and rarefactions.

Question: Question: Sound travels as a


Choices:
- pulsars.
- quasars.
- supernovas.
- binary stars.

Question: Question: Astronomers have been studying objects that are very bright and appear to be very far away. They have since concluded that these objects are distant galaxies with giant black holes at their center known as


Choices:
- gram
- liter
- minute
- meter

Question: Question: Which unit of measurement should be used to describe the  mass of an apple?


Choices:
- the track is waxed
- the like poles repel
- the train has a low density
- a chemical change occurs

Question: Question: Scientists have created trains that use magnets to make the trains float above the tracks as they travel. These trains float because


Choices:
- water for plants
- sunlight for plants
- nutrients for animals
- shelter for animals

Question: Question: One role of a producer in a food chain is to provide


Choices:
- subsidence
- earthquake
- volcanic eruption
- meteoroid impact

Question: Question: Tectonic motion caused tension between plates in Earth's crust. A sudden release of this energy occurred. Based on this information, which event happened?


Choices:
- boiling
- melting
- freezing
- evaporating

Question: Question: The teacher heats a pot of water. Once the water reaches 100°C, which point has the water reached?


Choices:
- tilt of the Earth's axis
- Earth changing its distance from the Sun
- changing patterns in wind and ocean currents
- cycles in the amount of energy released by the Sun

Question: Question: What is the major cause of seasonal changes?


Choices:
- Most butterflies did not survive.
- Most butterflies reproduced earlier.
- Most butterflies switched to other food sources.
- Most butterflies adapted to the new environment.

Question: Question: In 1989, the unusually low snowpack in portions of the Sierra Nevada Mountains led to a widespread emergence of Edith's checkerspot butterflies in April. In these regions, flowers do not appear until May. What was the most likely result of the early emergence of these butterflies?


Choices:
- Dalton
- Newton
- Aristotle
- Ptolemy

Question: Question: Which scientist developed the mathematical models used to describe the changes in the motion of objects as well as the forces that cause the change in motion?


Choices:
- a cloud forming
- a mountain forming
- a pond evaporating
- a river flooding its banks

Question: Question: Which natural event would take the longest time to happen?


Choices:
- melting point
- electrical conductivity
- flexibility
- solubility

Question: Question: Which property of a substance indicates whether the substance is a liquid or a solid at room temperature?


Choices:
- nucleus
- mitochondrion
- vacuole
- chloroplast

Question: Question: Which organelle converts glucose to energy for cellular work?


Choices:
- the Moon to revolve around Earth.
- Earth to revolve around the Sun.
- Earth to rotate on its axis.
- the Sun to rotate on its axis.

Question: Question: The length of a year is determined by the amount of time it takes


Choices:
- predator-prey
- mutualism
- parasite-host
- commensalism

Question: Question: A tick attaches to a deer and consumes blood, harming the deer. This is an example of which type of relationship?


Choices:
- hot and dry.
- hot and wet.
- cold and dry.
- cold and wet.

Question: Question: Cactus plants grow best in environments (habitats) that are


Choices:
- The sun heating the lake
- Green plants living in the lake
- Streams entering the lake
- Cold springs under the lake

Question: Question: Where does water in a lake get most of its energy to evaporate?


Choices:
- to observe a color change
- to get rid of most impurities
- to identify the boiling point
- to collect gases for additional study

Question: Question: A scientist trying to identify an unknown liquid may heat the liquid. Which would be the best reason for the scientist to heat the liquid?


Choices:
- trash can
- biohazard bag
- broken glass bin
- hazardous waste bin

Question: Question: During a laboratory investigation, a student cracks a clean, empty Erlenmeyer flask. It does not break, but it can no longer be used. Where should the flask be placed?


Choices:
- heat energy
- potential energy
- magnetic energy
- mechanical energy

Question: Question: A light bulb transforms electrical energy into light energy. A light bulb also transforms electrical energy into


Choices:
- a lever
- a pulley
- a wedge
- a fulcrum

Question: Question: Jonas needs to split a log. He has a sledge hammer. What other tool should he also use to split the log?


Choices:
- low vapor pressure
- high specific heat
- high surface tension
- low freezing point

Question: Question: Hurricanes are driven by the energy they get from ocean water. Which property of water allows it to retain the energy needed to power a hurricane?


Choices:
- snakes
- viruses
- insects
- bacteria

Question: Question: Which organisms contribute most to the decomposition of dead organisms?


Choices:
- Birds lay eggs and reptiles do not.
- Reptiles are meat-eaters and birds are not.
- Birds breathe oxygen and reptiles do not.
- Reptiles are cold-blooded and birds are not.

Question: Question: What is one difference between birds and reptiles?


Choices:
- time.
- weight.
- length.
- distance.

Question: Question: The ounce, the pound, and the ton are units of


Choices:
- the layer representing the mantle
- the layer representing the outer core
- the layer representing the inner core
- the layer representing the crust

Question: Question: A student uses clay to construct a model of Earth. Which layer of the model should be the thinnest layer?


Choices:
- predation.
- mutualism.
- competition.
- commensalism.

Question: Question: A scientist observes that both birds and snakes in the same ecosystem depend on the same mouse species as a food source. The relationship between the birds and the snakes is an example of


Choices:
- the soil
- the water cycle
- the Sun
- fertilizers

Question: Question: Animals get energy from the food they eat. What is the original source of this energy?


Choices:
- carbon monoxide
- chlorine
- nitrogen
- iron oxide

Question: Question: Many human activities, such as driving a car, cause the release of air pollutants. Which substance is a common air pollutant when driving a car?


Choices:
- a desert plain
- a coastal beach
- a mountain peak
- a flood plain

Question: Question: Which environment would most likely have rich, fertile soil?


Choices:
- sunspots
- earthquakes
- wave patterns
- cloud formations

Question: Question: In 1785, James Hutton, stated that evidence of past occurrences can be used to explain events which happen today. Which could most likely be used to explain an event in the geologic past?


Choices:
- a metal
- an atom
- a compound
- a nonreactive gas

Question: Question: The elements sulfur (S) and oxygen combine to form a substance called sulfur dioxide (SO2). Sulfur dioxide is also formed when coal and oil are burned. Sulfur dioxide can best be described as


Choices:
- sulfur
- oxygen
- nitrogen
- carbon dioxide

Question: Question: If a pond is polluted by soap that has phosphate, this pollutant will cause the algae to quickly reproduce. Which will most likely increase in the pond if this happens to the algae?


Choices:
- have more than one type of cell.
- be exposed to sunlight.
- have at least one cell.
- be able to move.

Question: Question: In order to carry out the functions of life, organisms must


Choices:
- at the bottom of the highest hill
- at the top of the highest hill
- at the start of the track
- at the end of the track

Question: Question: A roller coaster is climbing up the highest hill on its track. At which point will the front car of the coaster most likely have its greatest potential energy?


Choices:
- 10 kg
- 1,800 kg
- 2,200 kg
- 400,000 kg

Question: Question: What is the mass of an asteroid with a speed of 200 m/s and a momentum of 2,000 kg x m/s?


Choices:
- at sea level
- in outer space
- on mountain tops
- at higher latitudes

Question: Question: Some scientists study images of very distant celestial bodies. Where is the best location for the types of telescopes that can provide the scientists with the clearest images.


Choices:
- breathing clean air
- exercising and playing
- getting plenty of rest
- eating healthy food

Question: Question: How do people get energy and nutrients?


Choices:
- nursing
- walking
- sleeping
- breathing

Question: Question: Which action is a learned characteristic of a newborn horse?


Choices:
- outer core
- crust
- inner core
- mesosphere

Question: Question: An earthquake is caused by sudden shifts in which of the following layers of Earth?


Choices:
- decomposers.
- herbivores.
- omnivores.
- prey.

Question: Question: A black bear's diet includes nuts, berries, honey, insects, and fish. Black bears are


Choices:
- Glaciers will advance.
- The sea level will rise.
- Earthquake activity will increase.
- The overall temperature will decrease.

Question: Question: The news often talks about how global warming could change environmental conditions on Earth. Which best explains why global warming is such a concern?


Choices:
- water
- oxygen
- lactic acid
- carbon dioxide

Question: Question: Animal cells perform functions using energy that is derived from glucose (C6H12O6). Which molecule is required for animal cells to obtain the most energy possible from a molecule of glucose?


Choices:
- The cornea in the eye
- The alveoli in the lungs
- The chambers in the heart
- The salivary glands in the mouth

Question: Question: Stomata are tiny pores located on the leaves of plants. These pores permit the exchange of gases between air in the environment and plant cells located inside the leaf. Which tissue performs a similar function in vertebrates?


Choices:
- 75% Rr, 25% rr
- 50% Rr, 50% rr
- 100% Rr
- 100% rr

Question: Question: When crossing parents with genotypes Rr and rr, what will be the percentages of the genotypes of the offspring?


Choices:
- the object's diameter
- the object's composition
- the shape of the object's orbit
- the speed at which the object travels

Question: Question: Which information will best help scientists determine if an object is a comet, an asteroid, or a meteoroid?


Choices:
- algae
- bacteria
- mollusks
- sponges

Question: Question: In an ocean ecosystem, dead organisms such as fish and plankton sink to the bottom of the ocean. Which organisms break down and recycle the dead organisms?


Choices:
- It is less bright than planets.
- It is brighter than other stars.
- It is of average brightness compared to planets.
- It is of average brightness compared to other stars.

Question: Question: Which is the best description of the brightness of the Sun?


Choices:
- germination
- pollination
- photosynthesis
- adaptation

Question: Question: Which process passes genetic information from plants to their offspring?


Choices:
- Accurate records must be kept.
- Modern technology must be used.
- Investigations must be conducted by trained scientists.
- Observations must be made by more than one scientist.

Question: Question: What must happen in order for scientific data to be verified through repetition?


Choices:
- electron
- atom
- neutron
- proton

Question: Question: Which particle type can be identified as being from a specific element?


Choices:
- mass of 372 g
- reacts with HCl
- density of 37 g/cm^3
- white powder with silver specks

Question: Question: Which of the following is a chemical property of a substance?


Choices:
- cell wall
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- nucleus

Question: Question: Which structure is found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?


Choices:
- a geometric pattern formed by a mineral
- a solid element or compound from Earth's crust
- remains of an extinct organism found in a rock layer
- bits of weathered rocks and pieces of dead organisms

Question: Question: Which of these best describes a fossil?


Choices:
- lab coat
- Petri dish
- Bunsen burner
- loose-fitting clothing

Question: Question: A student is conducting an investigation using chemicals. Other than goggles and gloves, what else should the student use in order to conduct this investigation safely?


Choices:
- solid to gas
- liquid to gas
- liquid to solid
- gas to liquid

Question: Question: The boiling point of nitrogen is -196°C. What states of matter are involved when nitrogen boils?


Choices:
- predicting solar eclipses.
- investigating faraway galaxies.
- investigating the size of Venus.
- predicting the phases of the Moon.

Question: Question: The Hubble Space Telescope is a telescope that NASA launched into space in 1990. Scientists most likely prefer to use the Hubble Space Telescope instead of a land-based telescope because it provides better accuracy at


Choices:
- It is designed to move with a motor.
- It is constructed from machine-made parts.
- It is made of more than one simple machine.
- It is built from more than one type of material.

Question: Question: Which of the following statements best describes a complex machine?


Choices:
- control
- experimental
- dependent variable
- independent variable

Question: Question: A drug company developed a pill to reduce cases of stomach virus. To test the medication, half of the participants got the pill with the new medicine and half got a sugar pill. Which term best identifies the participants who got a sugar pill?


Choices:
- the rate of the motion
- the direction of the motion
- the change in the amount of motion
- the amount of distance traveled during motion

Question: Question: Which information does a student need to differentiate between the speed and the velocity of a vehicle in motion?


Choices:
- when mutations decrease the number of individuals in an ecosystem
- when mutations increase the number of individuals in an ecosystem
- when mutations decrease the number of species in an ecosystem
- when mutations increase the number of species in an ecosystem

Question: Question: When do mutations help make an ecosystem more sustainable?


Choices:
- Botanist
- Engineer
- Ecologist
- Veterinarian

Question: Question: Which scientist would be most likely to study the changes in animal populations in nature?


Choices:
- building houses with wood
- using natural gas to heat homes
- using solar energy to power lights
- producing electricity from flowing water

Question: Question: Humans use both renewable and nonrenewable resources. Which human activity uses a nonrenewable resource?


Choices:
- They vibrate quickly in place.
- They spread apart to fill their container.
- They move at the same speed as in a liquid.
- They move slowly over one another.

Question: Question: Which best describes the motion of molecules in the gaseous state?


Choices:
- percolation
- evaporation
- precipitation
- condensation

Question: Question: What is the downward movement of water through pores and other spaces in soil due to the force of gravity?


Choices:
- mesosphere
- stratosphere
- thermosphere
- troposphere

Question: Question: On Mount Everest the temperature decreases as the altitude increases. The summit of this mountain is in which atmospheric layer?


Choices:
- moving water
- fossil fuel
- wind
- biomass

Question: Question: Which energy source is considered nonrenewable?


Choices:
- A coal furnace heating a house
- a windmill pumping water on a farm
- a kerosene lamp lighting a room
- a diesel truck traveling along a road

Question: Question: A renewable energy source is a source that will not run out. Which is an example of the use of such a source?


Choices:
- The Moon reflects light from other planets.
- The Moon reflects light from the Sun.
- Light is produced by the Moon.
- Light from Earth illuminates the Moon.

Question: Question: Which statement best describes why the Moon is visible from Earth?


Choices:
- Copper is strong.
- Copper is flexible.
- Copper is a conductor.
- Copper is an insulator.

Question: Question: Which statement best explains the reason that electrical wires are made of copper?


Choices:
- A dam
- A glacier
- A river
- A power plant

Question: Question: Which of these is a natural resource of Virginia?


Choices:
- drinking water
- taking a nap
- swimming
- eating

Question: Question: Insulin is a chemical that is released by the endocrine system to increase the absorption of glucose by the body's cells. After which activity would insulin levels in a healthy body increase?


Choices:
- density
- ductility
- specific heat
- boiling point

Question: Question: An engineer was given an assignment to build a model rocket. The main requirement was that it had to build it out of a metal that could release the energy that built up when reentering the atmosphere of Earth. What property should the engineer concentrate on the most when designing the rocket?


Choices:
- gray
- white
- black
- brown

Question: Question: Which color of light is produced when all of the colors of visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum are combined?


Choices:
- They can be tested at the same time.
- They can be produced in large numbers.
- They will be bought by many different users.
- They will be sold for more than they cost to build.

Question: Question: A company is making prototypes for a new computer system. Which of the following statements best describes an advantage of making several different prototypes?


Choices:
- provides energy
- provides nutrients
- controls activity
- controls movement

Question: Question: What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?


Choices:
- burned in a fire.
- made into lumber.
- eaten by some organisms.
- replaced with a newly planted tree.

Question: Question: A tree is a renewable resource because it can be


Choices:
- It adds nutrients to the soil.
- It helps the soil to dry out.
- It keeps the soil cool.
- It destroys bacteria in the soil.

Question: Question: How does the presence of organic matter contribute to good soil?


Choices:
- insects
- rainfall
- soil
- wind

Question: Question: A wild turkey's forest community includes


Choices:
- electrochemical impulses
- RNA strands
- transport vesicles high in ATP
- mechanical forces

Question: Question: Which of the following travels from neuron to neuron as information is transmitted?


Choices:
- photosynthesis
- respiration
- circulation
- digestion

Question: Question: During which process do cells use oxygen to release stored energy?


Choices:
- heat
- wind
- light
- sound

Question: Question: Which of the following has the ability to change the state of matter?


Choices:
- Observations
- Conversations
- Publications and calculations
- Calculations and conversations

Question: Question: Many things can contribute to the development of a theory. A student made a list of some things that might help scientists develop a theory. Observations Calculations Conversations Publications From the student's list, which must be used in the development of every theory?


Choices:
- a compound
- an element
- a solution
- a mixture

Question: Question: Ben has a snack with a combination of raisins, chocolate pieces, and nuts. As he eats the snack, Ben picks out all of the raisins. Which best describes the snack Ben is eating?


Choices:
- collection of waste material
- breakdown of materials
- diffusion of material
- storage of materials

Question: Question: Capillary walls are only one layer of cells thick. Passage of oxygen into and out of the capillaries is controlled most by which process?


Choices:
- Energy conversion reduces efficiency.
- Energy is destroyed at high temperatures.
- Energy loss increases the order in a system.
- Energy levels increase as conversions take place.

Question: Question: The average car uses about 25% of the available energy in each gallon of gasoline. The energy not used to run the car is released as heat and sound. Which statement best describes this occurrence?


Choices:
- Less than 1 second
- About 1 hour
- About 1 month
- About 4 years

Question: Question: How long does it take light from the nearest star other than the Sun to reach Earth?


Choices:
- avoid predators.
- capture food.
- stay dry.
- keep warm.

Question: Question: Spider webs help spiders


Choices:
- soil can be washed away.
- soil creation may take years.
- river sediment forms a delta.
- planting grass protects the soil.

Question: Question: Pouring water over a sloping tray of soil demonstrates how


Choices:
- Mantle
- Crust
- Inner core
- Outer core

Question: Question: Which layer of Earth is divided into plates?


Choices:
- radio waves
- microwaves
- infrared light
- ultraviolet light

Question: Question: The breakdown of ozone into oxygen results from the electromagnetic absorption spectrum of ozone. This production of oxygen in the ozone layer is caused by exposing ozone to a strong source of which type of electromagnetic radiation?


Choices:
- speed
- gravity
- weight
- friction

Question: Question: Which best describes what keeps the Moon orbiting around Earth?


Choices:
- a controlled single-variable laboratory test
- support through evidence from numerous observations
- proposal of alternative explanations with predictive value
- a full-scale replication of each event in the proper sequence

Question: Question: The hypothesis of an expanding universe required which type of validation before being accepted as a significant part of scientific theory?


Choices:
- igneous
- metamorphic
- sedimentary
- volcanic

Question: Question: In which type of rock is the fossil imprint of a fern leaf most likely to be found?


Choices:
- They are always microscopic.
- They are closer to the sun than to Earth.
- They are made of soft, spongy materials.
- They burn up high in Earth's atmosphere

Question: Question: At certain times of the year, meteor showers can be observed from Earth. Why are these objects from space usually harmless?


Choices:
- lizard, frog, snake
- turtle, lizard, crocodile
- octopus, snail, turtle
- crab, earthworm, snake

Question: Question: Which group of animals contains ONLY reptiles?


Choices:
- Some base sequences code for protein production.
- Some base sequences cause the release of lipids from the nucleus.
- Some base sequences contain the order of sugars in polysaccharides.
- Some base sequences produce electrical signals sent to the cytoplasm.

Question: Question: Why is the particular sequence of bases in a segment of DNA important to cells?


Choices:
- wind speed
- air pressure
- air temperature
- ground temperature

Question: Question: A meteorologist announces that the barometer reading is dropping. What does a barometer measure?


Choices:
- limited resources.
- natural selection.
- geographic isolation.
- climate change.

Question: Question: A cricket population includes approximately the same number of black and light-brown crickets. Black crickets are easier for birds to locate and eat. Over time, the population begins to consist of only light-brown crickets. The change in the color of the cricket population is a result of


Choices:
- Equator
- Australia
- United States
- North and South Poles

Question: Question: When nearly vertical rays of solar energy strike a region of the Earth, that area has warm temperatures. What region of the Earth gets nearly vertical rays of solar energy year around?


Choices:
- learn how to speak the same language.
- work together on scientific research.
- teach students the importance of education.
- show other scientists the scientific method.

Question: Question: Scientists from around the world would most likely meet at a conference held in Paris, France, to


Choices:
- Bryophyta
- Gymnosperm
- Angiosperm
- Pteridophyta

Question: Question: Ferns belong to any one of about 12,000 species of plants grouped in their own division within the plant kingdom. Ferns are vascular, seedless, flowerless, and reproduce by spores. To which plant group do ferns belong?


Choices:
- gravity
- radiation
- electricity
- magnetism

Question: Question: A student ties a string around a weight and swings the weight in a circle around her body. If the student represents the Sun and the weight represents Earth, what does the string represent?


Choices:
- red giant
- black dwarf
- white dwarf
- main sequence

Question: Question: Scientists have studied the specific stages in the life cycle of stars. In which stage do stars spend most of their lifetime?


Choices:
- It has about 5% of the energy from the level below it.
- It has about 10% of the energy from the level below it.
- It has about 15% of the energy from the level below it.
- It has about 20% of the energy from the level below it.

Question: Question: How does the energy in each trophic level of an energy pyramid compare to the energy in the preceding level?