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README.md
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---
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license: cc-by-nc-4.0
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language:
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- en
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- fr
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- code
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tags:
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- complexity
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- token-routed-mlp
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- flash-attention
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- causal-lm
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library_name: transformers
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pipeline_tag: text-generation
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---
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# Complexity Base
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A Llama-style transformer with architectural improvements for efficiency and performance.
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## Architecture: Llama + Improvements
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Complexity builds on the Llama architecture with three key enhancements:
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| Component | Llama | Complexity |
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|-----------|-------|------------|
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| **MLP** | Dense FFN | **Token-Routed MLP** (4 experts, 1 active) |
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| **Attention** | Standard | **Flash Attention** via SDPA |
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| **Normalization** | RMSNorm only | RMSNorm + **QK Normalization** |
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### Token-Routed MLP
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Unlike MoE which routes based on hidden states, Token-Routed MLP routes based on **token ID**:
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```python
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expert_idx = token_id % num_experts # Deterministic routing
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output = experts[expert_idx](hidden_states)
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```
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**Benefits:**
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- No router network overhead
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- Deterministic, reproducible routing
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- 4x parameter efficiency (only 1/4 experts active)
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### QK Normalization
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Stabilizes attention at scale by normalizing Q and K before computing attention scores:
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```python
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q = self.q_norm(q)
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k = self.k_norm(k)
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attn = (q @ k.T) / sqrt(d)
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```
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## Model Details
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- **Parameters**: ~100M
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- **Hidden size**: 768
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- **Layers**: 12
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- **Attention heads**: 12 (KV heads: 4)
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- **Experts**: 4 (1 active per token)
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- **Vocabulary**: 100K tokens
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- **Context**: 2048 tokens
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- **Training steps**: 10,000
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## Installation
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```bash
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pip install complexity-model pyllm-inference
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```
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## Usage
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### With PyLLM
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```bash
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pyllm serve Pacific-Prime/complexity
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```
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### Python API
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```python
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Pacific-Prime/complexity")
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
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"Pacific-Prime/complexity",
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trust_remote_code=True
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)
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inputs = tokenizer("def fibonacci(n):", return_tensors="pt")
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outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=100)
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print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0]))
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```
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## Comparison with Llama
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```
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Llama: embed -> [Attn + FFN] x L -> output
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Complexity: embed -> [Attn + TokenRoutedMLP] x L -> output
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↑ QK Norm ↑ 4 experts (1 active)
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```
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Same parameter count, but:
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- **4x more total MLP parameters** (distributed across experts)
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- **Faster training** (QK norm stabilizes gradients)
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- **Better scaling** (sparse activation)
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## License
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Apache 2.0
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@misc{complexity,
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title={Complexity: Token-Routed MLP Transformer},
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author={Pacific Prime},
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year={2025},
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url={https://huggingface.co/Pacific-Prime/complexity}
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}
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```
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---
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license: cc-by-nc-4.0
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language:
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+
- en
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+
- fr
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+
- code
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+
tags:
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+
- complexity
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+
- token-routed-mlp
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+
- flash-attention
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| 11 |
+
- causal-lm
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library_name: transformers
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pipeline_tag: text-generation
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+
---
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+
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+
# Complexity Base
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+
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+
A Llama-style transformer with architectural improvements for efficiency and performance.
|
| 19 |
+
|
| 20 |
+
## Architecture: Llama + Improvements
|
| 21 |
+
|
| 22 |
+
Complexity builds on the Llama architecture with three key enhancements:
|
| 23 |
+
|
| 24 |
+
| Component | Llama | Complexity |
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| 25 |
+
|-----------|-------|------------|
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| 26 |
+
| **MLP** | Dense FFN | **Token-Routed MLP** (4 experts, 1 active) |
|
| 27 |
+
| **Attention** | Standard | **Flash Attention** via SDPA |
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| 28 |
+
| **Normalization** | RMSNorm only | RMSNorm + **QK Normalization** |
|
| 29 |
+
|
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+
### Token-Routed MLP
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+
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+
Unlike MoE which routes based on hidden states, Token-Routed MLP routes based on **token ID**:
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+
|
| 34 |
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```python
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expert_idx = token_id % num_experts # Deterministic routing
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output = experts[expert_idx](hidden_states)
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```
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+
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**Benefits:**
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+
- No router network overhead
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+
- Deterministic, reproducible routing
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+
- 4x parameter efficiency (only 1/4 experts active)
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| 43 |
+
|
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+
### QK Normalization
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+
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+
Stabilizes attention at scale by normalizing Q and K before computing attention scores:
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+
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```python
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q = self.q_norm(q)
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k = self.k_norm(k)
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attn = (q @ k.T) / sqrt(d)
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```
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+
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## Model Details
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+
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+
- **Parameters**: ~100M
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+
- **Hidden size**: 768
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- **Layers**: 12
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- **Attention heads**: 12 (KV heads: 4)
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- **Experts**: 4 (1 active per token)
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- **Vocabulary**: 100K tokens
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- **Context**: 2048 tokens
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- **Training steps**: 10,000
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+
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## Installation
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+
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```bash
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pip install complexity-model pyllm-inference
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```
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+
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## Usage
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+
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### With PyLLM
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```bash
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pyllm serve Pacific-Prime/complexity-tiny
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```
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### Python API
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```python
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
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+
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Pacific-Prime/complexity")
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model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
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"Pacific-Prime/complexity",
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trust_remote_code=True
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)
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+
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inputs = tokenizer("def fibonacci(n):", return_tensors="pt")
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outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=100)
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print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0]))
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```
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+
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## Comparison with Llama
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+
|
| 97 |
+
```
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+
Llama: embed -> [Attn + FFN] x L -> output
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| 99 |
+
Complexity: embed -> [Attn + TokenRoutedMLP] x L -> output
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| 100 |
+
↑ QK Norm ↑ 4 experts (1 active)
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| 101 |
+
```
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+
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+
Same parameter count, but:
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+
- **4x more total MLP parameters** (distributed across experts)
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| 105 |
+
- **Faster training** (QK norm stabilizes gradients)
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+
- **Better scaling** (sparse activation)
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+
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## License
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+
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Apache 2.0
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+
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## Citation
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+
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```bibtex
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@misc{complexity,
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title={Complexity: Token-Routed MLP Transformer},
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author={Pacific Prime},
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year={2025},
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url={https://huggingface.co/Pacific-Prime/complexity}
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}
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```
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