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| 1 |
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---
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| 2 |
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language: en
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| 3 |
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license: apache-2.0
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tags:
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- math
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- reasoning
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| 7 |
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- synthetic-data
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- promptcot
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| 9 |
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- mathematical-reasoning
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| 10 |
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- olympiad-math
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- em-training
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- concept-guided
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inference: false
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---
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| 16 |
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# PromptCoT: Synthetic Dataset Generation for Reasoning Models
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**PromptCoT** is an innovative approach to generating high-quality synthetic datasets for mathematical and coding reasoning models through concept-guided problem synthesis and iterative refinement.
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## Model Description
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This model collection implements the PromptCoT framework, which consists of two complementary models trained through an Expectation-Maximization (EM) loop:
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+
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### Rationale Model (qφ)
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- **Purpose**: Generates optimal step-by-step thinking plans (rationales) for solving mathematical problems
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| 27 |
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- **Input**: Mathematical concepts + problem statement
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| 28 |
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- **Output**: Detailed reasoning strategy/rationale
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| 29 |
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- **Architecture**: Qwen2.5-7B base model with LoRA fine-tuning (r=64)
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| 30 |
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### Prompt Model (pθ)
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- **Purpose**: Creates challenging mathematical problems from concepts and rationales
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- **Input**: Mathematical concepts + reasoning strategy
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| 35 |
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- **Output**: Olympiad-level mathematical problem
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- **Architecture**: Qwen2.5-7B base model with LoRA fine-tuning (r=64)
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## Intended Uses & Limitations
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| 39 |
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### Intended Uses
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- **Synthetic Dataset Generation**: Create high-quality training data for mathematical reasoning models
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- **Educational Content**: Generate practice problems for mathematics education
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- **Research**: Study concept-guided problem synthesis and reasoning patterns
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| 45 |
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- **Model Training**: Improve mathematical reasoning capabilities of language models
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| 46 |
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### Limitations
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| 48 |
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- **Mathematical Focus**: Currently specialized for Olympiad-level mathematics problems
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- **Training Data**: Limited to concepts and problems from AIME competitions
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- **Computational Requirements**: Requires significant GPU resources for training and inference
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- **Quality Dependency**: Output quality depends on the quality of seed data and training iterations
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## Training Details
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### Training Data
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- **Seed Dataset**: 253 high-quality (concept, rationale, problem) triples from AIME 2024/2025
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- **Data Source**: American Invitational Mathematics Examination (AIME) problems
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- **Annotation**: GPT-4 assisted extraction of concepts and rationale generation
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### Training Procedure
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1. **Cold Start**: Initial fine-tuning on seed triples
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2. **EM Loop**: Iterative improvement through:
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- **E-step**: Generate multiple rationales, compute rewards using model likelihood
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- **M-step**: Fine-tune models on selected high-reward triples
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3. **Reward Function**: `reward = -loss_rationale(c,z) - loss_prompt(c+z,x)`
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| 69 |
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### Training Hyperparameters
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- **Base Model**: Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B (base, not instruct)
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- **LoRA Rank**: 64
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- **Target Modules**: Attention projection matrices
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- **EM Iterations**: 6
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- **Batch Size**: 16 (effective 160 with gradient accumulation)
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- **Learning Rate**: Adam optimizer with default settings
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- **Sampling**: 7-4 rationales per iteration (decreasing curriculum)
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## Technical Specifications
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### Model Architecture
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```python
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# Rationale Model Input Format
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input_text = f"Concepts: {' | '.join(concepts)}\nProblem: {problem}\nRationale:"
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# Prompt Model Input Format
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input_text = f"Concepts: {' | '.join(concepts)}\nRationale: {rationale}\nProblem:"
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```
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### Generation Parameters
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- **Temperature**: 0.7
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- **Top-p**: 0.9
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- **Max New Tokens**: 512-1024 (depending on model)
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- **Sampling**: Enabled for diversity
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## Usage Examples
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### Using the Rationale Model
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
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from peft import PeftModel
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# Load model
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model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(
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AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B"),
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"PanzerBread/PromptCoT",
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subfolder="coding-0.1/q/latest"
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)
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B")
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# Generate rationale
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concepts = ["exponents", "modular arithmetic"]
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problem = "Find the smallest odd prime factor of 2019^8 + 1."
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input_text = f"Concepts: {' | '.join(concepts)}\nProblem: {problem}\nRationale:"
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inputs = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt")
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outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=512, temperature=0.7, top_p=0.9)
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rationale = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True).split("Rationale:")[-1]
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```
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### Using the Prompt Model
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```python
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# Load prompt model
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model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(
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| 130 |
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AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B"),
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"PanzerBread/PromptCoT",
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subfolder="coding-0.1/p/latest"
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)
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# Generate problem
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concepts = ["combinatorial probability", "divisibility arguments"]
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rationale = "Select lottery scenario... ensure summation techniques..."
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input_text = f"Concepts: {' | '.join(concepts)}\nRationale: {rationale}\nProblem:"
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inputs = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt")
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outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=1024, temperature=0.7, top_p=0.9)
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problem = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True).split("Problem:")[-1]
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```
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## Performance & Evaluation
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### Quality Metrics
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- **Structure Accuracy**: Models maintain proper (concepts, rationale, problem) format
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- **Reward Improvement**: EM loop increases average rewards across iterations
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- **Diversity**: Multiple rationale generation ensures varied problem types
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### Benchmark Results
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| 154 |
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- Trained on Olympiad-level mathematical problems
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- Generates problems comparable to AIME difficulty
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- Maintains mathematical correctness and coherence
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## Ethical Considerations
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### Benefits
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| 162 |
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- **Accessibility**: Democratizes access to high-quality mathematical problems
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- **Education**: Provides unlimited practice material for mathematics education
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- **Research**: Accelerates development of mathematical reasoning AI
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### Risks & Mitigation
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- **Misinformation**: Generated problems may contain subtle errors
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- _Mitigation_: Extensive validation and human oversight recommended
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- **Over-reliance**: Should complement, not replace, human-created educational content
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- **Bias**: Limited to mathematical domains present in training data
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- _Mitigation_: Expand training data diversity for broader applicability
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Based on the PromptCoT paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.19894
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## Contact & Support
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- **Repository**: https://github.com/PanzerBread/PromptCoT
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- **Issues**: https://github.com/PanzerBread/PromptCoT/issues
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| 181 |
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- **Model Hub**: https://huggingface.co/PanzerBread/PromptCoT
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## License
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This model is released under the Apache 2.0 License. See LICENSE file for details.
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