[ { "label": 1, "id": 1448, "premise": "I cut my nails.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "My finger swelled.", "choice2": "I chipped my fingernail.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Hamburg became a crucial market for the Merchant Adventurers after the loss of the Dutch market in the Dutch Revolt", "sent2": "After the beginning of the Great Depression and the New Deal, the Democrats controlled the House from 1931 to 1994, with two exceptions (1946 and 1952), as the New Deal Coalition was successful", "sent3": "The Great Depression affected market dynamics", "sent4": "Many of the facilities seen today at the park were constructed during the Great Depression by the Civilian Conservation Corps", "sent5": "On August 8, 2008, the station became first in the market to offer local newscasts in high definition making Mid-Missouri the third-smallest market in the country to feature local broadcasts in HD", "sent6": "Taylor retired as the university's longest-serving president (26 years) after leading the college through the hardship of the Great Depression and helping the campus expand.", "sent7": "At a later date, the Battle of the Hydaspes took place nearby, between the armies of Alexander the Great and the Great King Porus", "sent8": "He is particularly remembered for the title character of his novel \"Addie Pray\", the young \"Mistress of the Con Game\" during the Great Depression in the Deep South; an adaptation of the story later became the film \"Paper Moon\".", "sent9": "In statistical physics he pioneered the study of the dynamics of first-order phase transitions, since he first defined and investigated the stochastic dynamics of an Ising model in a paper published in 1963", "sent10": "The 34-story building was completed in 1931 in spite of the onset of the Great Depression, and at the time was the tallest building in the British Empire.", "sent11": "Although the rest of a planned complex was not constructed, because of the Great Depression, the new Eaton store was considered a retail palace, the likes of which had never been seen in Toronto", "sent12": "On 1 January 1801, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merged, which resulted in the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on the secession of southern Ireland in the 1920s.", "sent13": "The street vendors of the market also opposed the construction of the fountain, as Innocent X expelled them from the piazza", "sent14": "The economic recession can affect market dynamics.", "sent15": "Funding for the building came in part from the federal Public Works Administration which was a New Deal agency set up during the Great Depression of the 1930s", "sent16": "The usage gap is the gap between the total potential for the market and actual current usage by all consumers in the market", "sent17": "They are also known as the Precious Hall of the Great Hero, the Hall of Great Strength, or the Daxiongbao Hall", "sent18": "However, the IBM Personal Computer line, which went on the market in 1981, had even better sales numbers in the same timeframe and as the PC and clone market exploded, Displaywriter sales quickly fell off to near zero in the United States by the end of 1983", "sent19": "He was announced on September 21, 2017, as one of the new hosts of \"The Great American Baking Show\", an American adaptation of \"The Great British Bake Off\", on ABC.", "sent20": "It is decorated in the manner of a 1950s-style diner rather than the original location which is representative of the Great Depression and World War II eras of the 1930s and '40s", "sent21": "The Way is designated as one of Scotland's Great Trails by NatureScot and is the longest of the 29 Great Trails", "sent22": "A number of variables are essential for the successful chemotaxis of neutrophils, including the increased expression of high affinity adhesion molecules to secure the neutrophil to the endothelium near the affected site (and is therefore not washed away into the circulatory system), and that the neutrophil can digest its way through the basement membrane and the extracellular matrix (ECM) to reach affected site" }, "hypothesis": "The Great Depression reflects economic recession.", "proof": "sent14 & sent3 -> The Great Depression reflects economic recession.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "It was instrumental in establishing public relay of the sport via ESPN, helping to introduce the burgeoning sport to a wider audience, and had also developed the first fighter's ratings systems", "sent2": "Anschutz hoped that a London-based team would help raise the awareness of the sport not only in London, but in the whole of the UK", "sent3": "A paper from The Urban Institute which analysed FBI data found that in stand-your-ground states, the use of the defense by whites in the shooting of a black person is found to be justifiable 17 percent of the time, while the defense when used by blacks in the shooting of a white person is successful 1 percent of the time", "sent4": "An effective way to do this is for the clinician to participate in active reflective listening and repacking what the patient has told them and delivering it back to them.", "sent5": "He was the first Black person in history to receive a PhD in mathematics, which he earned at Cornell University in 1925.", "sent6": "They were invited to participate in the remake of \"We Are the World\" to benefit Haiti after the earthquake.", "sent7": "flexibility is emphasized by yoga", "sent8": "The vessel itself could be carried, and the vertical handle allowed the person to pour it easily, which aided in tasks such as diluting wine in a \"krater\".", "sent9": "Vela was called up to participate in the 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup, scoring in the team's opening match against Cuba on 9 July", "sent10": "During the course of the trip, students will work on developing cooperative skills, participate in group cooking, explore Lake Superior, discover the natural history of the region, learn about the geological formation of the region, and participate in a multitude of games.", "sent11": "The body mass index, a ratio of a person's weight to their height, has traditionally been used to assess the health of a person as it pertains to weight: under the cut-off point at a BMI of 18.5, a person is considered underweight", "sent12": "The ZZR1400 or Kawasaki Ninja ZX-14 and ZX-14R (2006–2022), is a motorcycle in the Ninja sport bike series from the Japanese manufacturer Kawasaki that was their most powerful sport bike as of 2006", "sent13": "In 2017 FK Haugesund once again got to participate in the qualifying stages of the UEFA Europa League", "sent14": "CrossFit focuses on strength and Marathon Running on endurance", "sent15": "The task force's mission to Midway Island was aborted to participate in the post-attack search for the enemy strike force", "sent16": "Initially, she refuses to believe it and wants nothing to do with the girl, but when Kacey is badly injured in a fall down a staircase, she calls on Leoben for help and seems to grow more attached to both of them", "sent17": "The person wants to participate in a sport called Crossfit.", "sent18": "In the spring of 2019 Biehl returned to Rojava to participate in a documentary film about the social revolution underway there", "sent19": "In the version of this opera, which takes places in the magnificent palace of the tsarevich in Moscow, Charlotte Christine, who suffers because of her abusive husband, desperately wants to return to Germany", "sent20": "Usually, when the recipient of the candle is named, a few words are said by the birthday girl in regards to why this person (or people) is special to them, they may tell a short story or fun memory they have shared with that person", "sent21": "For the remainder of the 2016 season, in addition to Super GT, Müller continued to participate in the VLN", "sent22": "In recognition of his career both on the court and in the front office, he was inducted into the Naismith Hall of Fame as a contributor to the sport in 1999", "sent23": "In May 2017, he was called up by Juan Carlos Osorio to be included in the roster to participate in the Confederations Cup in Russia" }, "hypothesis": "The person wants to build strength.", "proof": "sent7 & sent14 & sent17 -> The person wants to build strength.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "On a local scale this means that Derbyshire is to the north of the point, whilst Nottinghamshire is to the south-east and Leicestershire is to the south-west, which is somewhat different from the global arrangement", "sent2": "Flocks of geese are seen flying in a V-formation northward", "sent3": "The friend, who claims the reason he is not using the password himself is that he is getting married, is run over and killed by a passing truck", "sent4": "Million is , billion (meaning a thousand million) is , a million million is , a thousand million million is , and so on (\"i.e.\", the long scale is used).", "sent5": "The principal conservation value of Eighty Mile Beach lies in the presence of very large numbers of shorebirds, for which it is one of the most important non-breeding and migratory stop-over areas in the East Asian – Australasian Flyway, regularly supporting more than 400,000 birds and especially important as a landfall for birds migrating southwards from their high latitude breeding grounds in northern Asia and Alaska to spend the austral summer in Australia", "sent6": "Paul's body is foreshortened, and is not facing the viewer, and yet his presence is the most powerful because of his body is pushing into the viewer's space", "sent7": "National Chambal (Gharial) Wildlife Sanctuary is situated on the Chambal River, and is inhabited by crocodiles, ghariyals, Ganges dolphins, and migratory birds", "sent8": "In every database a \"When\" category is included automatically so that if a date is embedded within the text, it is interpreted and an assignment is made", "sent9": "Beverly Hills is unique amongst original East Hills Line stations as it is the only station with asymmetrical platforms, that is, Platform 1 is curved but Platform 2 is straight", "sent10": "The drainage pattern is dendritic and is highly irregular, which is reflective of the topography", "sent11": "It is used primarily because it has high viscosity, is nontoxic, and is generally considered to be hypoallergenic, as the major source fiber is either softwood pulp or cotton linter", "sent12": "That is, there is in such that is the smallest positive integer with = , where is the identity element of ", "sent13": "It is considered by conservationists to be an important link along the Atlantic Flyway for migratory birds such as snow geese.", "sent14": "While it is one of the first stages of embalming, it is also commonly done as a token of respect even when the deceased is not viewed or is directly cremated", "sent15": "Specific routes are preferred by migratory birds.", "sent16": "Chitosan is easier to process that chitin, but it is less stable because it is more hydrophilic and has pH sensitivity", "sent17": "However, unbalanced lines usually consist of a conductor that is considered the signal line and another conductor that is grounded, or is ground itself", "sent18": "Of those, 52.1% of the school district's enrollment is Hispanic, 25.3% is Caucasian, 13.7% is African American, 3% is Asian, 4% is two or more races, and 1% is American Indian", "sent19": "For example, the scientific name for humans is \"Homo sapiens\", which is the species name, consisting of two names: \"Homo\" is the \"generic name\" (the name of the genus) and \"sapiens\" is the \"specific name\".", "sent20": "The position of state of Madhya Pradesh is also in the central part of the country, that is why it is named Madhya Pradesh, that is, the state of the central part", "sent21": "In this instance Looker is still depicted as a vampire, but it is implied she is no longer immune to sunlight or is at least weakened in its presence", "sent22": "Although it is suggested that aspirin is non-inferior to rivaroxaban, it is unclear if aspirin is appropriate for all patients" }, "hypothesis": "Geese is migratory birds.", "proof": "sent15 & sent2 -> Geese is migratory birds.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "There is a curious story that in 1914 he signed the register of the Bala Bay Inn after the outbreak of World War I; however, there is no official record of the president being in Canada at that time.", "sent2": "Comparing year-to-year first quarter profits between 1993 and 1994, there was an increase of 132 percent in North America and an increase of 42 percent in Europe", "sent3": "A system of rubber casing on the cables with dry air circulation, as used on the Forth Road Bridge, was installed in 2007–2009 in a move to halt the progress of the corrosion.", "sent4": "There's a strong smell of smoke and the warnings are on the rise.", "sent5": "Thus, ionic kosmotropes are characterized by strong solvation energy leading to an increase of the overall cohesiveness of the solution, which is also reflected by the increase of the viscosity and density of the solution.", "sent6": "With the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950, \"Hyman\" engaged in maneuvers and training in the Caribbean, ending her reserve duty in September", "sent7": "Leading up to a serious wildfire outbreak, there could be dry, windy conditions, a strong smell of smoke in the air, and an increase in fire danger warnings", "sent8": "They suggest that applying experimental evidence to a policy context requires an understanding of the conditions present within the experimental setting and an assertion that these conditions also exist in the target environment of the proposed intervention", "sent9": "Compared to the 5,194,275 people in the sixth national population census, there has been a total increase of 95549 people in the past decade, an increase of 1.84%, and an average annual growth rate of 0.18%.", "sent10": "The guns could be depressed to −3° and elevated to 30°; they could be loaded at any angle up to 20°, although loading at high angles tended to slow the gun's return to battery", "sent11": "Shrewdly gauging the tactical situation shortly after landing when his company's advance was held up by the concentrated fire of a heavily fortified Japanese blockhouse, Gunnery Sergeant BASILONE boldly defied the smashing bombardment of heavy caliber fire to work his way around the flank and up to a position directly on top of the blockhouse and then, attacking with grenades and demolitions, single handedly destroyed the entire hostile strong point and its defending garrison", "sent12": "The most iconic photograph is that found in Geoffrey Blainey's \"The Peaks of Lyell\", dated 1902, which was taken from the embankment just east of the railway line, looking west, up the main street with the smoke from the smelter in the air, and Mount Jukes in the background.", "sent13": "The impact to employment would be an increase of 0.8 million to 2.3 million by last-2009, an increase of 1.2 million to 3.6 million by late 2010, an increase of 0.6 million to 1.9 million by late 2011, and declining increases in subsequent years.", "sent14": "However, there are opinions that the measures taken in response to the threat may be an over-reaction out of proportion to the level of danger", "sent15": "Business was good and in the 1860s it was realised that traffic could be improved if there was a line to relieve the congestion if there was a line to the south of Derby", "sent16": "With the outbreak of World War II in the Pacific, Anderson and the \"Yorktown\" were transferred there, where they participated in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, the Salamaua-Lae campaign, and the Battles of the Coral Sea and Midway", "sent17": "An electrical fire in 1940 caused extensive smoke damage to the interior, and a lightning storm in 1947 dislodged several large blocks of stone from the base of the dome", "sent18": "His improvement after three months of training, with light then heavy weight dumbbells, were mentioned in one of Sandow's books as: \"Height\", ; \"Weight\", , an increase of ; \"Neck\", ; \"Chest\", , an increase of ; \"Chest expansion\", , an increase of ; \"Biceps\", , an increase of ; \"Forearm\", , an increase of ; \"Waist\", , a reduction of ; \"Thigh\", , an increase of ; \"Calf\", , an increase of ", "sent19": "Kilkenny were forced to withdraw from the championship in the early 1940s because of an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in the county", "sent20": "British Fire Brigades frequently issue warnings and advice, urging households to switch to a safer means of cooking chips, and advising that, unless it can be easily contained, the fire be left to the emergency services", "sent21": "Bam Bam had already done 42 missions and the crew reported strong smell of fuel inside however they were told to continue in air they reported to control that the smell was getting constantly worse and wanted to return", "sent22": "Icing conditions can be particularly dangerous to aircraft, as the built-up ice changes the aerodynamics of the flight surfaces and airframe, which can increase the risk of a stall and potentially accidents" }, "hypothesis": "There is an imminent wildfire outbreak.", "proof": "sent7 & sent4 -> There is an imminent wildfire outbreak.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Cookies and cream (or cookies 'n cream) is a variety of ice cream, milkshake and other desserts that includes chocolate sandwich cookies, with the most popular version containing hand or pre-crumbled cookies from Nabisco's Oreo brand under a licensing agreement", "sent2": "Therefore, when the market is free of discrimination, wages are the same for different types of jobs, provided that there is sufficient time for adjustment and attractiveness of each job is the same.", "sent3": "Some other factors a designer designing for children's clothing should focus on are the changing shape of the growing kid and different proportions of the different parts of the body.", "sent4": "Conversely, several types of sister-station relationships exist in television; stations in the same city will usually be affiliated with different television networks (often one with a major network and the other with a secondary network), and may occasionally shift television programs between each other when local events require one station to interrupt its network feed.", "sent5": "Originally there were two types of \"Passai\", \"Dai\" (, ) and \"Shō\" (, ), but today there are many different variations depending on the school", "sent6": "In the \"shoulder\" and \"cylindrical\" types which became the most common, especially the latter, the sides of the body are usually vertical by the shoulder, and there is then a sharp change of direction as the neck curves in; the base and lip are normally prominent and flared", "sent7": "In Canada, Easter Seals is a group of charitable organizations which supports the development and advancement of people who are living with different types of disabilities", "sent8": "In the western part, between the bell tower and the main church, are a further forty houses, in thirteen tiers and with a total of 165 rooms, including six chapels, a refectory with a bakery, other ovens for baking bread, and a forge", "sent9": "By the time of the Parthian and the Sasanian dynasties, the iwan had emerged as two types of structure: the old columned one, and a newer vaulted structure—both, however, carrying the same native name of apadana/iwan, because both types are \"unprotected\" (open on one side to the elements).", "sent10": "Apart from Hasselt University in Limburg, all the Flemish universities are located at the provincial or national capitals at each corner of the Diamond, while Mechelen plays an important role because of its other types of higher education", "sent11": "However, the flower stalks of \"Kingia australis\" are completely different from that of \"Xanthorrhoea\" species and the two are not closely related", "sent12": "In addition to the \"Spherics\", two other works by Theodosius have survived: \"On Habitations\", describing the appearances of the heavens at different climes and different times of the year, and \"On Days and Nights\", a study of the apparent motion of the Sun", "sent13": "These include the number of steps originally in the \"kata\", the number of different types of 'power' or 'energy' in the \"kata\", the number of applications, or that the \"kata\" represents defense against 13 specific types of attack", "sent14": "This intelligence does not of itself yield a body of truth; it merely contains the germs of the higher ideas, and these are made productive by being brought into contact with revealed facts", "sent15": "At a bakery, there are two trays with different types of cookies, the other contains oatmeal raisins and chocolate chip cookies.", "sent16": "Chater stated that there were no other mentions of the colour of the cross on the flag before 1870, but in fact there are several:", "sent17": "When open, there are two types of phyllary at the base of the bloom: one is short and green, the other red and long.", "sent18": "The two men are instantly at odds with each other, separated by their education, class, race, and two very different world views", "sent19": "Two different versions of the theme song were used in this season: a longer version in the pilot and one other episode, and a shorter version with a slightly different arrangement for the rest of the episodes.", "sent20": "There are two basic types of position: a \"long\" (holding a positive amount of the instrument) and a \"short\" (holding a negative amount of the instrument)", "sent21": "At approximately , the facility is two and a half times the size of the former home of the Business School, Kenna Hall" }, "hypothesis": "oatmeal raisin and chocolate chip cookies must have come from the same tray.", "proof": "sent15 -> oatmeal raisin and chocolate chip cookies must have come from the same tray.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 87, "premise": "My stomach hurt.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "I ate birthday cake.", "choice2": "I jogged on the treadmill.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 384, "premise": "I put shoes on.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The paint on the walls was wet.", "choice2": "The floor contained broken glass.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1082, "premise": "The woman was rich.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She came from a wealthy family.", "choice2": "She migrated from another country.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 1026, "premise": "The skydiver started to fall down.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She opened her parachute.", "choice2": "She jumped out of the plane.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Ignored by the scientific community and often misunderstood by literary critics, its scientific implications have been reevaluated in recent times.", "sent2": "Second, the specific policy is supported by this evidence according to at least one of the individual’s or organisation’s preferences in the given policy area", "sent3": "The World Space Week Association is a non-governmental, non-profit organization, which is supported by national coordinators in over 50 nations", "sent4": "The theory of relativity is supported by empirical evidence", "sent5": "If the proponent of the evidence wants to have the evidence included in the official record of the case, the proponent will first ask for the evidence to be marked by the court for identification purposes", "sent6": "The school is next to the church and was founded in 1845 by the Church of England but there is evidence of a school since 1750", "sent7": "A further scientific division of actions was made by him under twelve heads, and by an ingenious system of notation the student was enabled to class at once each of the civil or praetorian actions, as the case might be, under its proper head in the scientific division", "sent8": "The arioso is marked \"Klagender Gesang\" (Song of Lamentation) and is supported by repeated chords", "sent9": "Each District is separated into \"Sub-Divisions\", each governed by a \"Sub-Collector\" & \"Sub-Divisional Magistrate\"", "sent10": "Three-phase traffic theory is an alternative theory of traffic flow created by Boris Kerner at the end of 1990's (for reviews, see the books)", "sent11": "There is some circumstantial evidence that Ingibiorg may have backed Malcolm's claim to the kingship which adds further weight to a slightly earlier death date for Thorfinn, although the evidence for her marriage to Malcolm is not entirely convincing.", "sent12": "Although empirical evidence is a tool to use to prove discrimination, it is important to pay attention to the biases involved in using this tool", "sent13": "Each French window is surrounded by stone blocks and topped by a stone pediment", "sent14": "In an application for an extension of her grant to study in Paris, Cha wrote: \"It is essential for me to see the possibilities of Film-making as an expression closely tied with other expressions supported by its theory as Reference to see the application of theory to actual works followed by a re-recognition, 'realization' of the theory in practice.\" ", "sent15": "The zoo is supported by its visitors and community sponsors and is not tax supported.", "sent16": "Each province is administered by a provincial superior, appointed by the superior general and his council for four years", "sent17": "Among the scientific evidence cited by Acu-Gen's web site is a paper co-authored by Diana Bianchi, an expert on fetal DNA at Tufts University", "sent18": "Each scientific theory is supported by empirical evidence", "sent19": "A special focus was on the theory of ontological dependence and part-whole relations proposed by Husserl, a theory which was applied by Husserl's students for example to the understanding of the ontology of mental and linguistic acts", "sent20": "Each \"District\" is governed by a \"Collector\" & \"District Magistrate\", who is appointed from the Indian Administrative Service", "sent21": "It is supported by the Council of Europe, the European Commission, and is a member of the World Union of Jewish Students (WUJS)", "sent22": "In February of 2011, the Education Committee of the New Mexico House of Representatives voted 5-4 to table House Bill 302, which sought to prevent public school teachers from being disciplined or removed from their positions for teaching \"relevant scientific information regarding either the scientific strengths or scientific weaknesses pertaining to 'controversial' scientific topics\"" }, "hypothesis": "The theory of relativity is scientific theory.", "proof": "sent18 & sent4 -> The theory of relativity is scientific theory.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Accidental drops affect screens.", "sent2": "In the first episode of the sixth season, the audience discovers that it was obviously Peyton on the receiving end of Lucas's phone call", "sent3": "The port made use of the handheld's 3D and dual screen capabilities, including the ability to register combat skills on the bottom screen for quick access, which is replaced by a world map while outside battle", "sent4": "Driving the spline into the channel tends to tension the screen on the frame, so the installer must avoid pre-tensioning the screen excessively to prevent the frame from becoming warped.", "sent5": "The mobile phone game company G-mode acquired the rights to the game after Data East's bankruptcy, and a mobile phone version of the game has been released for the Vodafone EZweb network.", "sent6": "When the title appeared on the screen the audience cheered, and after it had ended the film received a standing ovation", "sent7": "We get to the scene where the kid is on the phone, calling 911, shouting, 'There's a guy here with a gun.' I said, 'Do want to put in their side of the conversation?' Michael says, 'I don't know what they'd say,' and then he picks up the phone and dials 911", "sent8": "The screen on the phone is cracked.", "sent9": "The subway station is located on the south side and much of the neighborhood is beyond reasonable walking distance, so a shuttle bus is required", "sent10": "A sliding mechanism allows the screen to be adjusted laterally to fit the width of most windows, which also allows the screen to fit securely within the tracks below the open sash.", "sent11": "A review in \"The Guardian\" wrote that \"there is, on this evidence, nothing much wrong with VistaVision; the shape of its huge screen is in accordance with the normal picture seen by the human eye (it is high as well as wide and does not", "sent12": "Mobile phone services do not use call signs on-air because the phones and their users are not licensed, instead the cell operator is the one holding the license", "sent13": "The location of the object on the screen is determined by the usual coordinate transformation, but a second set of coordinates must be generated to locate the object in light space.", "sent14": "Unfortunately, the housekeeper Emma eavesdrops on the other phone for the first half of the conversation", "sent15": "The colors on the big screen are rich and luminous, the images are clear and sharp, and rapid movements are got without blurring—or very little—such as sometimes is seen on other large screens", "sent16": "With the acquisition of the phone service of the Hawaiian Pineapple Company on the island of Lanai, Mutual owned the phone system of the Hawaiian islands", "sent17": "An inventory window, showing all the items the player has accumulated, is also located at the bottom of the screen", "sent18": "If hit by a motorist, a chicken is forced back either slightly, or pushed back to the bottom of the screen, depending on what difficulty the switch is set to", "sent19": "The message is sometimes written on the floor or on the bathroom mirror rather than on the wall", "sent20": "The tilt up panels act as the hard sheltering wall at the back of the house, and a softer permeable screen at the front", "sent21": "On the last mission of the game, the freed hostages are susceptible to being slain by enemies; if all the POWs get killed then \"MISSION FAILED\" flashes on the screen and the game is permanently over.", "sent22": "The gameplay in \"Muv-Luv\" requires little player interaction as most time is spent reading the text that appears on the lower portion of the screen, representing either dialogue between characters, narration, or the inner thoughts of the player character" }, "hypothesis": "There was a chance that the phone fell from a height.", "proof": "sent8 & sent1 -> There was a chance that the phone fell from a height.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "He drives a car.", "sent2": "However, she maintained that the work of Marcuse and Brown nevertheless helped suggest \"a more consistent and persuasive psychoanalytic social theory and vision of social possibility.\" Addressing the specific problems of Brown's work, she argued that there are internal contradictions within \"Life Against Death\", as well as contradictions between that work and \"Love's Body\", that Brown's assertion that the infant's desire to avoid separation is a refusal to face death is a metaphorical claim that \"brings irrelevant instinctual considerations into a clearly object-related and ego experience\", and that despite giving theoretical primacy to drives Brown \"can often be read as starting from a theory of relationship, with instincts tacked on.\" Though she credited Brown with providing a dual account of drives and object relations, she wrote that he \"consistently underplays this component of his work\" in \"Life Against Death\".", "sent3": "In December 2002, Kasanoff reported that hard drives containing most unfinished assets from the film had been stolen, in what he called an act of \"industrial espionage\" and \"an incredibly complex crime\"", "sent4": "There are red, black and blue and they are all for calmness.", "sent5": "He returns to SpongeBob saying that the delivery is completed, and a cheerful SpongeBob drives the rock back to the Krusty Krab, which is right across from the customer's house", "sent6": "Robert gets into his car and drives away", "sent7": "He drives around in the Cosmobile, a van retrofitted for Cosmo's active lifestyle, and also owns a go-cart", "sent8": "The process that drives the request is the \"sender\" while the process that drives the acknowledgement is the \"receiver\"", "sent9": "He was convinced that deep conflicts in the mind, some concerning instinctual drives for sex and aggression, were driving the behavior of those with hysteria", "sent10": "Additional configuration options included a 25- or (vertically-oriented) 66-line display, one or two disk drives, 1 sided or 2 sided disk drives, a beamspring (Type A) or Model F (Type B) keyboard, and RAM configurations between 128 and 448 KB.", "sent11": "Driving to work, he hears an irregular thumping noise, and is relieved when a gas station mechanic tells him it is his heart, not his car.", "sent12": "He argues that in the modern marketing-dominated culture, \"coolness\" at the conscious level, and the consumption choices it drives, is an aberration of the genetic legacy of two million years of living in small groups, where social status has been a critical force in reproduction", "sent13": "Lisa soon bonds with her paternal grandmother, but notices Mona runs inside the house when a police car drives by", "sent14": "Some spectators came to his assistance but their help would have resulted in a disqualification so he retired his car.", "sent15": "Then he drives down the road and offers to tow them back to his place.", "sent16": "Burns drives a tank towards the Simpson house, he is wearing oversized headgear", "sent17": "He was raised by his maternal family, whose family name was He (), so he was also known as He Ping", "sent18": "His only interaction with other people is when he drives into town to sell firewood and buy supplies from Kate (played by Linda Hamilton)", "sent19": "In addition to the OCPs, it consisted of a store multiple access controller (SMAC) and one or more store access controllers (SAC), a general peripheral controller (GPC), one or more disc file controllers (DFC) and a communications link controller (CLC), together with disc drives (a typical configuration would have eight EDS 200 drives), tape decks, an operating station (OPER), line printers and card readers", "sent20": "However, he got in a car accident again on February 16 and collided with a car.", "sent21": "Iris meets Arthur Abbott, Amanda's elderly neighbor, when she drives him to his home, learning he is an Oscar-winning screenwriter from the Golden Age of Film", "sent22": "From 1997 to 2000 he was also busy in sportscar racing, with drives for Nissan (and Porsche in the FIA GT Championship, 1998)" }, "hypothesis": "He likely prefers sophistication.", "proof": "sent4 & sent1 -> He likely prefers sophistication.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 282, "premise": "The host of the trivia show called on the contestant for an answer.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The contestant was in the lead.", "choice2": "The contestant rang the buzzer.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "They think that the water will be the answer to the second line, however Doss says that it is too obvious and that it would not be the sea water", "sent2": "As \"Neovenator\" is believed to be completely terrestrial, unlike the modern species, it is assumed that these sensory organs were used for other purposes, such as sensitivity to pressure and temperature, controlling jaw pressure and precision feeding", "sent3": "In contrast there is no evidence that blood pressure needs to be lowered rapidly in hypertensive urgencies where there is no evidence of target organ damage and over aggressive reduction of blood pressure is not without risks", "sent4": "Threats faced by the animal include competition with livestock for water and fodder, hunting pressure, habitat fragmentation, and habitat destruction.", "sent5": "Kärcher owns the American brands of Landa, Hotsy, and Shark pressure washers, Cuda parts washers, Watermaze water treatment systems, and Windsor Kärcher Group floor cleaning systems, and Italian manufacturing company Hawk Pumps, or Woma Pumps in Germany", "sent6": "Steam exerts pressure and is vaporized water", "sent7": "He adopted their techniques and became highly interested in the way light touches water and how it affects the appearance of water surfaces and the general atmospherics of a painting", "sent8": "It has been known that oxygen is solidified into a state called the β-phase at room temperature by applying pressure, and with further increasing pressure, the β-phase undergoes phase transitions to the δ-phase at 9 GPa and the ε-phase at 10 GPa; and, due to the increase in molecular interactions, the color of the β-phase changes to pink, orange, then red (the stable octaoxygen phase), and the red color further darkens to black with increasing pressure", "sent9": "According to the Imperial Irrigation District, although water pollution is a severe problem at the border, by the time the river enters the Salton Sea, the issue is \"not significant\"; water quality improves as the water makes its way north due to the addition of agricultural drain water and through natural cleansing occurring in the intervening ", "sent10": "The changes of water flow, water levels and the pollution of water caused the freshwater eels to leave the Kuma River areas.", "sent11": "The vehicle is fully amphibious, a trim board is raised at the front of the vehicle before entering the water to improve vehicle's stability and displacement in water and prevent the water from flooding the bow", "sent12": "Alternatively, non-morphological features may be used such as water level (high water line (HWL), mean high water line) wet/dry boundary and the physical water line", "sent13": "The tramontane is created by the difference of pressure between the cold air of a high pressure system over the Atlantic Ocean or northwest Europe and a low pressure system over the Gulf of Lion in the Mediterranean", "sent14": "When the kidneys' autoregulatory system is disrupted, the intraglomerular pressure starts to vary directly with the systemic arterial pressure, thus offering no protection to the kidney during blood pressure fluctuations", "sent15": "Another notable health concern is that fire-suppressant foams are toxic in standardized soft and hard water, and it is likely that water creatures will be infected", "sent16": "First the \"Wind Synthesizer Driver\", which had control voltage outputs for lip pressure, wind pressure and pitch, to control the VCA and VCF and pitch of an external analog synthesizer", "sent17": "On September 19, 2016, it was announced that #19 would be up for sale in an upcoming auction and on October 6, 2016, was purchased by the Age of Steam Roundhouse, and is currently being restored in her Emperor of the North paint scheme.", "sent18": "All gases exert pressure", "sent19": "If the water level decreases he predicts that there would be famine or less rain, and if the water level is normal, that is the signal of a good rain", "sent20": "When Magic sand is removed from water, it is completely dry and free-flowing.", "sent21": "This friction increases with the speed of the water and once loosened the smaller particles are held in suspension by the force of the flowing water, these suspended particles can scour the sides and bottom of the stream", "sent22": "In seawater, dissolution boundary is formed as a result of temperature, pressure, and depth, and is known as the saturation horizon" }, "hypothesis": "It's a gas called steam.", "proof": "sent18 & sent6 -> It's a gas called steam.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "However, when the traffic signal is red, vehicles arrive at the stop bar (\"X\"1) and are delayed by the red light before crossing \"X\"2 some time after the signal turns green", "sent2": "Interference from other electronic devices can weaken signals", "sent3": "It is not clear whether or not he was a part of the juring clergy, who swore to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy", "sent4": "In computer architecture, clock gating is a popular power management technique used in many synchronous circuits for reducing dynamic power dissipation, by removing the clock signal when the circuit, or a subpart of it, is not in use or ignores clock signal", "sent5": "The mosque is sometimes attributed to Sinan but it was not designed by him and the architect in charge is not known", "sent6": "A red flag is frequently flown by armed forces to warn the public of live fire exercises in progress, and is sometimes flown by ships carrying munitions (in this context it is actually the flag for the letter B in the international maritime signal flag alphabet, a red swallow-tailed flag)", "sent7": "Currently, while construction is fully funded and construction is not in question, there is not enough funding to finish the build-out on the inside of the museum", "sent8": "As it is not reachable by road and as the municipality is not otherwise connected by rail, Finse is not easily accessible from the rest of Ulvik or from elsewhere in the Hardanger region", "sent9": "The signal is not strong.", "sent10": "To understand basic signal timing fundamentals, one must also understand the different modes of operation of the signal controller which controls the signal", "sent11": "The station is based in the Student Union Building at the University of Auckland, is owned by a trust on behalf of the Auckland University Students Association (AUSA), and broadcasts its signal to greater Auckland at 95.0 on the FM dial", "sent12": "In fact, a SH-3 Sea King reconnaissance mission on Río Grande had been launched by the British from as a prelude to Operation Mikado, but after detecting the Argentine radar signal, the crew of the Sea King and members of the SAS flew to Chile, where they destroyed their aircraft", "sent13": "But while it also made the top 10 on the pop charts in several countries its number 29 showing in the US was the first signal to Kemp that Chrysalis America was not promoting them", "sent14": "If the water level decreases he predicts that there would be famine or less rain, and if the water level is normal, that is the signal of a good rain", "sent15": "Not long after bringing the station on-air, the Simards discovered that the lower, western portions of the city experienced frequent signal dropout", "sent16": "The 'S' meter displays the relative strength of the received RF signal in decibels; however, this should not be used as the sole indication of signal strength, as no two S meters are calibrated exactly alike, and many lower-priced receivers omit the S meter altogether", "sent17": "Those who have not seen His light have not seen Him, for He is the light, and those who have not received the light have not yet received grace", "sent18": "The vehicles' arrival at location \"X\"2, taking into account the delay from the traffic signal, is now represented by the curve \"N′\"2 in figure 9.", "sent19": "The most basic example is the C-element in which the guards do not cover the states where codice_50 and codice_51 are not the same value.", "sent20": "The AM signal gives KWVE enhanced coverage in the northern and western areas of the Los Angeles area, including Los Angeles proper, and as far north as Ventura County, where the main signal on 107.9 FM is weak", "sent21": "The Ministry of Transport report on the crash found that the driver of the Perth train had passed a caution signal and two danger signals before colliding with the local train", "sent22": "The Sun radiates strongly across the entire spectrum, including the microwave frequencies used to communicate with satellites (C band, Ku band, and Ka band), so the Sun swamps the signal from the satellite" }, "hypothesis": "There might be too many devices connected.", "proof": "sent9 & sent2 -> There might be too many devices connected.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1077, "premise": "The man threw his cigarettes away.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "His family urged him to quit smoking.", "choice2": "He was addicted to nicotine.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Electrically, this is a 'flat' coil in the pavement structure that detects vehicles by changes in the magnetic inductance field of the coil when ferrous metal from a vehicle passes through the field", "sent2": "It comes with a metal belt buckle that is available in gold metal for Army generals, and silver metal for Air Force generals.", "sent3": "It is usually a mesh made of metal, fibreglass, plastic wire, or other pieces of plastic and stretched in a frame of wood or metal", "sent4": "A flattened or slightly dished high-density polyethylene surface is then inserted onto the tibial component so the weight is transferred metal to plastic, not metal to metal", "sent5": "Unblack metal is viewed as an ideological genre derived from black metal that focuses on Christian lyrical themes", "sent6": "Although Christian metal bands had existed since the late 1970s, a clear contrast with black metal occurred in 1984 with the release of American doom metal band Trouble's significantly Bible-based debut album \"Psalm 9\"", "sent7": "Batch production is used in many different ways and is most suited to when there is a need for a quality/quantity balance", "sent8": "All that is needed to do is to hold acquired position for a certain amount of time while the unit is manufacturing", "sent9": "The iron is low spin and easily reduced to the related ferrocyanide ion [Fe(CN)6]4−, which is a ferrous (Fe2+) derivative", "sent10": "Classically, binitarianism is understood as a form of monotheism—that is, that God is absolutely one being—and yet with binitarianism there is a \"twoness\" in God, which means one God family", "sent11": "Halford is an American heavy metal band formed in 1999 by British singer Rob Halford, who is best known as the lead vocalist for heavy metal band Judas Priest", "sent12": "In front of this is a large metal sign board facing east toward Eighth Avenue, which is used to display the name of the present production.", "sent13": "Unblack metal bands may justify their use of the black metal style with reasons ranging from genuine appreciation of the musical genre, to evangelization towards the largely anti-Christian black metal scene, i.e", "sent14": "Iron oxide is heated to release water and other gasses.", "sent15": "Deliverance is an American Christian thrash metal band which later shifted more towards heavy metal and progressive metal", "sent16": "Many current unblack metal bands feel that black metal has changed from an ideological movement to a purely musical genre, and that is why they refer to their music as black metal", "sent17": "The song is of a more operatic nature than later works and the music itself is more on the heavy metal side", "sent18": "Research indicated the absence of a protective iron oxide film on the condenser tubes at Kincardine. A program to inject ferrous sulphate into the cooling water was instigated to provide iron to aid the formation of an oxide film.", "sent19": "During the early 2000s, according to \"Screams of Abel\" magazine, there was an \"international explosion of Christian black metal bands\", and black metal \"seemed to be the fastest growing genre in the Christian metal scene\"", "sent20": "Oxygen may be released from some metal oxides.", "sent21": "Vocalist Eric Wagner explained in 2006 that \"back in the early 1980s, all the metal was kind of Satanic,\" and implied that Metal Blade (or the owner Brian Slagel) actually invented the term in the first place: \"I think it was more like Metal Blade trying to be cute or something, with everything being called black metal, so why not call us white metal, which is a bunch of crap.\" While there were Christian extreme metal bands in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Christian black metal likely did not exist until 1994.", "sent22": "Stefan Rydehed, director of the metal documentary \"Light in Darkness – Nemesis Divina\" says about the unblack metal musicians based on his interviews: \"The Christian black metal musicians see themselves as a part of the black metal community but they have a hard time to be accepted" }, "hypothesis": "ferrous sulfate is a metal oxide.", "proof": "sent20 & sent14 -> ferrous sulfate is a metal oxide.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 1464, "premise": "I took off the rubber gloves.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "I was preparing to clean the bathroom.", "choice2": "I was preparing to wash my hands.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1160, "premise": "The audience applauded the comedian on stage.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "He entertained the audience.", "choice2": "He told a racist joke.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "'Morning Nuance') is the first morning newscast ever produced by a private television network in Indonesia", "sent2": "\"End Of Days\" was going to be Marcus Nispel, but it wasn't working somehow, but they had Arnold and a start date, and Jim came to me and told me I had to do it", "sent3": "Because dews and nectars are most abundant early in the morning and are the best sources of fluids, the workers fly off early in the morning before the competition becomes severe", "sent4": "The morning news program \"Nuansa Pagi\" was renamed \"Seputar Indonesia Pagi\"", "sent5": "Twinings has two types of tea: Yorkshire Tea for strong breakfast tea and Tazo for herbal blends.", "sent6": "Suri began her career as a reporter and news presenter for RCTI's morning show, \"Nuansa Pagi\", in 1993", "sent7": "Marcus opts for Yorkshire Tea", "sent8": "Some radio stations across the United States featured Sunday morning programs in which an announcer read aloud from the Sunday comics section, allowing readers to follow action in the panels as they listened to the dialogue", "sent9": "The morning show, \"Rick Dees in the Morning\", aired from 5-10am and featured Patti \"Long Legs\" Lopez and Mark Wong", "sent10": "One morning in 2001, Sparks arrived for his morning shift to find the studio smelling of stale smoke, and littered with used butts, some of which were floating in glasses of water", "sent11": "The next morning, he left his cell at 5:04 and began the walk to the purpose-built gallows accompanied by Rev", "sent12": "Clark ended up taking 10 wickets for the match, and his first innings figures included a hat-trick, as he took the wickets of Marcus North, Adam Voges and Steve Magoffin in successive deliveries to reduce Western Australia to 4/2.", "sent13": "Early the next morning they went alongside \"Liberty\" to render aid", "sent14": "On March 18, 2021, CP24 Breakfast and Woolley announced he would be retiring after 13 years on the morning show", "sent15": "On May 22, 2019, it was announced that Champion would be returning to WABC-TV's morning and noon newscasts and contributing to ABC News, beginning June 3, 2019.", "sent16": "Herrington hosted the morning show and hired Barry Corkery, Dennis Erectus, Laurie Roberts, Mark Goldberg, Kelly Cox, Larry Jacobs, Greg McClure and Joe Regelski.", "sent17": "For several years, WHTS carried \"The Bob & Tom Show\" during its morning programming block until the show moved to KUUL in 2001 to make way for a local morning show.", "sent18": "(UTC+7), the newscast has become the first live program of the station before its own morning show, \"Metro Pagi\" broadcast at 5:30 a.m.", "sent19": "caddisflies), having two feeding peaks: one in the morning and a second in the late afternoon or early evening.", "sent20": "Part of SNY's studio facility is leased to NFL Network for that network's morning show \"Good Morning Football\".", "sent21": "On December 28, 2015, the Holtkamp organs played its last song, Silent Night, before its dismantling started the next morning", "sent22": "Marcus Nispel was going to direct the film, but he left because of budget and script problems and was replaced by Peter Hyams." }, "hypothesis": "Marcus likes morning brews.", "proof": "sent5 & sent7 -> Marcus likes morning brews.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 394, "premise": "The mother scolded her daughter.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "Her daughter burped at the kitchen table.", "choice2": "Her daughter set the kitchen table.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1480, "premise": "The man did not lose coins in his pocket anymore.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "He sewed the hole in his pocket.", "choice2": "His pocket was filled with coins.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The ‘’Consolidation of the civil laws’’ sorts in 1,333 articles the material of the Portuguese legislation, that contained the same dispersion present in the Spanish legislation in use in the Americas", "sent2": "Pork, betel nuts, rice and other valuable offerings are left on ceremonial rocks beside the lakes, amid the dancing of the Lio's annual 'Feed the Spirit of the Forefathers' ceremony, on August 14.", "sent3": "The 30-minute audio recordings of many of the \"missing\" episodes are contained in the Library of Congress in the Armed Forces Radio collection", "sent4": "As well as the usual modem features, the device had a custom ROM which contained the rudiments of the software required to access the service", "sent5": "The front half of the building contained the Governor's public and private rooms while the rear housed the service section", "sent6": "The immediate source of the style remains obscure; various exotic origins have been suggested, but the great expansion in the use of stained glass at the same period is probably connected", "sent7": "It is the only species in the genus Auriparus and the only representative of the old world family Remizidae to be found in North America.", "sent8": "On May 8, the Corps passed the Milk River, named for the amount of sediment contained in the river during the spring run-off", "sent9": "Blue was now the dominant colour, as in stained glass; the best blues in painting (whether on wall, panel or manuscript) were very expensive whereas in glass rich blues are easily obtainable", "sent10": "Carson and DeVaca are the only workers at the Mount Dragon facility who did not undergo a PurBlood transfusion for beta testing, and thus are the only ones not driven to insanity by the contamination", "sent11": "While investigating the procedure of the original experiments, Marks and Kammann discovered that the notes given to the judges in Targ and Puthoff's experiments contained clues as to which order they were carried out", "sent12": "According to Indonesian police, one of the ingredients in the car bomb contained the same chemical used in the deadly 2002 Bali bombings", "sent13": "The Blu-ray edition of \"Planet Terror\" also contained a \"scratch-free\" version of the film that removed much of the damage effects, while the Blu-ray edition of \"Death Proof\" only contained the \"damaged\" version of the film", "sent14": "the ceramic jar holds both walnuts and almonds", "sent15": "Carlton then walks into the changing room on the day of the game and offers the players, a spiked glass of champagne and a chance to bury the hatchet with a pre-match toast \"to an easy win today and more victories in 1987\"", "sent16": "As of 2022, the White Sox in the 2005 ALCS are the only team to throw four complete games in a playoff series since the beginning of league championship series play in 1969", "sent17": "In 1086 there was just one manor at Fenstanton; the annual rent paid to the lord of the manor in 1066 had been £17 and the rent had fallen to £16 in 1086, and the parish contained 33 households", "sent18": "There are many other private institutions located on the northern side of the historic downtown of Santa Tecla, and many Private Catholic institutions as well, one of the best known are, Lamatepec School a bilingual Catholic school for boys only, and the Floresta, a bilingual catholic school for girls only", "sent19": "Almonds are the only nuts contained in the glass jar.", "sent20": "Due to computational limitations, it was only able to simulate about two-thirds of the glacier catchment (volume of ice equivalent to of the global sea level rise, rather than the contained in the full glacier)", "sent21": "In the 70s, the OIN filed suit seeking recovery of the original land grant contained in the 1794 Treaty of Canadaigua arguing the land was improperly transferred in violation of federal law and the US Constitution", "sent22": "In the Festsaalbau were spacious halls that contained the Grand Throne Room in the centre, the Imperial halls, the ballroom and the Battle Hall in the north-eastern pavilion" }, "hypothesis": "The ceramic jar is where the walnuts are from.", "proof": "sent19 & sent14 -> The ceramic jar is where the walnuts are from.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Coastal zones occupy less than 15% of the Earth's land area, while they host more than 40% of the world population", "sent2": "This makes the inside of the cell more negative than the outside and more specifically generates a membrane potential \"V\"membrane of about .", "sent3": "Players could not dribble more than three times, hold the ball for more than three seconds, or snatch the ball from an opponent.", "sent4": "Keyboards are more prominent than before and the sound is less garage-centric and more melodic.", "sent5": "The song is of a more operatic nature than later works and the music itself is more on the heavy metal side", "sent6": "The problems may have been exacerbated by the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 that changed the backwater system and resulted in increased salinity of the soil", "sent7": "The park is named False Cape because from the ocean it could be easily mistaken for Cape Henry, which lies about to the north at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay", "sent8": "The shoreline is visible because of the water's pull back.", "sent9": "Though she is best known for having written the screenplays for \"Edward Scissorhands\" and \"The Nightmare Before Christmas\", she has had more than a dozen movies made, including \"City of Ember\" and \"The Addams Family\"", "sent10": "Accumulated since 1850, the ocean sink holds up to 175 ± 35 gigatons of carbon, with more than two-thirds of this amount (120 GtC) being taken up by the global ocean since 1960", "sent11": "Some features of human diabetes are exaggerated in NOD mice, namely the mice have more severe islet inflammation than humans, and have a much more pronounced sex bias, with females developing diabetes far more frequently than males", "sent12": "With the lowering of the water level during renovations exposing the original Happy Valley township for the first time, archaeologists took the opportunity to excavate the site", "sent13": "The laboratory also provides more than 13,000 strains of mouse models to more than 2,400 organizations in 68 countries around the world", "sent14": ") are placed where \"p/b\" are in Sanskrit (in Sanskrit, \"h\" is at the end) and the diacritics do not follow the usual pattern: \"p/b\" (as in Sanskrit) is the usual unvoiced/voiced pattern, and has different articulation", "sent15": "As of 2010, the border is guarded by more than 20,000 Border Patrol agents, more than at any time in its history", "sent16": "However, since the North was much more populous than the South, it dominated the House of Representatives", "sent17": "However, persuading more consumers to take up family benefits, for example, is probably more important to the relevant government department than opening more local offices.", "sent18": "Before a tsunami, the ocean recedes, exposing more beachfront than usual", "sent19": "Every year, a panel of more than 50 judges from more than 10 countries evaluate and select the entries", "sent20": "At more than 10 minutes in length, the song is the second-longest the band recorded in the studio", "sent21": "No sooner had the destroyer and her task group joined the 7th Fleet than the first of more than fifteen schedule changes was received", "sent22": "It spent more than 30 weeks on either the primary or extended list, and has sold well more than one million copies" }, "hypothesis": "There could be a wave on the way.", "proof": "sent18 & sent8 -> There could be a wave on the way.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Atlantic longfin squid eggs took longer to hatch in acidified water, and the squid's statolith was smaller and malformed in animals placed in sea water with a lower pH", "sent2": "In an interview with the \"Chicago Tribune\" the day after word came that Puccini died in Brussels, Raisa told the newspaper that she had playfully told Puccini that he \"better be sure to put in plenty of high C's.\"", "sent3": "Wells' story to life with plenty of sci-fi charm and a colorful sense of visual design.\" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 67 out of 100 based on nine critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\".", "sent4": "This system consisted of a number of water wheels on the Nile which raised water to the top of an hexagonal tower (built by his predecessor al-Ashraf Khalil), from which the water was then transported along a series of raised aqueducts to the base of the Citadel", "sent5": "1937 saw a significant change in the lifestyle of the village with the arrival of piped water", "sent6": "According to the Imperial Irrigation District, although water pollution is a severe problem at the border, by the time the river enters the Salton Sea, the issue is \"not significant\"; water quality improves as the water makes its way north due to the addition of agricultural drain water and through natural cleansing occurring in the intervening ", "sent7": "Low-density amorphous ice, also called LDA, vapor-deposited amorphous water ice or amorphous solid water (ASW) is usually formed in the laboratory by a slow accumulation of water vapor molecules (physical vapor deposition) onto a very smooth metal crystal surface under 120 K", "sent8": "In 1974, responsibility for the plant was transferred from the City of Nottingham to Severn Trent Water Authority, one of ten regional water authorities established under the terms of the Water Act 1973 to manage water resources in England and Wales.", "sent9": "Corals thrive in water with plenty of vitamins.", "sent10": "This training ship is equipped with a diesel-powered Supplemental Water Injection System (SWIS) to provide emergency cooling water in the event of an accident.", "sent11": "Between 1554 and 1564 he was also charged with upgrading the water supply system of the city, for which he built several impressive aqueducts in the Belgrad Forest and expanded on the older Byzantine water supply system", "sent12": "The Great Barrier Reef has an abundant coral stock.", "sent13": "This friction increases with the speed of the water and once loosened the smaller particles are held in suspension by the force of the flowing water, these suspended particles can scour the sides and bottom of the stream", "sent14": "The oxygen reacted with the methane to form carbon dioxide and water, both much weaker greenhouse gases than methane, greatly reducing the efficacy of the greenhouse effect, especially as water vapor readily precipitated out of the air with dropping temperature", "sent15": "It combined features of the existing CANDU pressurised heavy water reactors (PHWR) with features of light-water cooled pressurized water reactors (PWR)", "sent16": "With the longevity of \"JAG\", plenty of information on his past life and previous military service is given at various points in the series", "sent17": "However, that time is long gone as a river diversion has been constructed on this river, which splits all of the water of Bihad river in two halves, one for generation of Electricity at Toans Hydroelectric Power Plant and another half for irrigation in nearby villages, leaves absolutely no water for the waterfalls", "sent18": "Additionally, it replaces the heavy water coolant in the high-pressure section of the calandria with conventional \"light\" water", "sent19": "Local commentators blamed increased water consumption brought about by the number of new property developments in Berkhamsted, although the Environment Agency and the Veolia water company claimed it was due to a low water table, caused by lack of rainfall.", "sent20": "The submarine collided with the sea floor in of water while travelling at a speed of ", "sent21": "The changes of water flow, water levels and the pollution of water caused the freshwater eels to leave the Kuma River areas.", "sent22": "Antoine Galland wrote, \"Turkish gardens were conduits and little channels which took water everywhere and from which water was extracted under pressure.\" However, there is no evidence in the first four centuries of Islam that gardens were consciously designed with four quadrants and four water channels in order to represent paradise as the Qur'an described it." }, "hypothesis": "The Great Barrier Reef is in an ideal place for the growth of algae.", "proof": "sent9 & sent12 -> The Great Barrier Reef is in an ideal place for the growth of algae.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 1006, "premise": "The politician won the election.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "No one voted for him.", "choice2": "He ran negative campaign ads.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "If is composite, is divisible by prime which is less than ", "sent2": "In an application for an extension of her grant to study in Paris, Cha wrote: \"It is essential for me to see the possibilities of Film-making as an expression closely tied with other expressions supported by its theory as Reference to see the application of theory to actual works followed by a re-recognition, 'realization' of the theory in practice.\" ", "sent3": "Fact-finding and the outputs of science are made accessible to participants and may be subject to extensive media coverage, scientific peer review, deliberative opinion polling and adversarial presentations of competing arguments and predictive claims", "sent4": "Although Maines's theory that hysteria was treated by manually stimulating female patients' genitalia to orgasm is widely repeated in the literature on female anatomy and sexuality, some historians dispute Maines's claims regarding the prevalence of this treatment for hysteria and its relevance to the invention of the vibrator, describing them as a distortion of the evidence or that they are only relevant to a very small group", "sent5": "The antiquity of the Hawiyah is proved by its present widely scattered state; it is a powerful tribe in the Mijjarthayn country and yet it is found in the hills of Harar", "sent6": "A review in \"The Guardian\" wrote that \"there is, on this evidence, nothing much wrong with VistaVision; the shape of its huge screen is in accordance with the normal picture seen by the human eye (it is high as well as wide and does not", "sent7": "Examining the differences between \"practice\" and \"research\", practice is dealing with bettering the wellbeing of an individual or group, while research is testing a theory and potentially has an unknown ending", "sent8": "If it is a hole, she flies in to inspect the details if it is suitable and if not moves on to the next hole", "sent9": "If formula_105, there is no right-multiplication by formula_102, and it is the addition of a non-contractible loop on the right which is identified with formula_107", "sent10": "McAuley praised the novel in a 1999 column, saying \"It's true that the characters are indistinguishably wooden mouthpieces for the author's opinions, and the plot is pure pulp, but all this is redeemed by the novel's rigorous scientific sensibility.\"", "sent11": "macedoniensis\" to be the last common ancestor of humans (hominins) and the other apes, and a forerunner to australopithecines and humans, although this is very controversial and not widely accepted", "sent12": "While Spivak's elementary treatment of modern mathematical tools is broadly successful—and this approach has made \"Calculus on Manifolds\" a standard introduction to the rigorous theory of multivariable calculus—the text is also well known for its laconic style, lack of motivating examples, and frequent omission of non-obvious steps and arguments", "sent13": "Although it is widely believed that the changes are unpredictable, it is more accurate to say that the lack of any regular monitoring of the volcanic system precludes scientists from having the data necessary to drive widely available predictive models.", "sent14": "According to a 2015 Cochrane review, there is insufficient evidence to determine if it is useful in keratoconus", "sent15": "This masters degree program is a two year program for full-time working professionals and has rigorous requirements to be accepted into the program as it is very selective.", "sent16": "If a scientific theory is widely accepted, it is backed by extensive empirical evidence and has undergone rigorous peer review", "sent17": "In logic and theoretical computer science, and specifically proof theory and computational complexity theory, proof complexity is the field aiming to understand and analyse the computational resources that are required to prove or refute statements", "sent18": "If the child is adopted by a person who lives with, but is not married to, a birth parent, then it is called a \"second-parent adoption\"", "sent19": "If, at any stage of the algorithm, the correct value of is known for some value of , then it is possible to test whether a given vertex is reachable from by paths of length at most ,", "sent20": "It is widely distributed in Southern and Eastern Africa, and is a vagrant to the southern Arabian Peninsula", "sent21": "It is widely used in industry, since it is easy to prepare and conduct and results can be obtained quickly and cheaply", "sent22": "Theory Y has been validated through numerous experiments and is referenced in multiple scholarly publications" }, "hypothesis": "Theory Y is one of the most accepted scientific theories.", "proof": "sent16 & sent22 -> Theory Y is one of the most accepted scientific theories.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 400, "premise": "The soldiers were concealed in the brush.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "They were armed with rifles.", "choice2": "They wore camouflage uniforms.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "During its twenty-four-year life it produced about 750 studies on a wide range of topics, including acid rain, health care, global climate change, and polygraphs.", "sent2": "When diverse outcomes are used, data is hard to bring together in a meta-analysis and there are problems with differing views on what shows whether an intervention shows Effectiveness or Efficacy", "sent3": "The first list, based on data from the academic year 2019/20, breaks down student enrollment by level of study, while the second list, from the more recent academic year 2021/22, provides a total student enrollment figure without distinguishing between undergraduate and postgraduate levels.", "sent4": "These Indicators are a set of parameters that describe the changing climate without reducing climate change to only rising temperature", "sent5": "The most recent census data from 2011 shows that there has been the first drop in the population figures in 100 years, since 1911.", "sent6": "The current version of Acorn does not rely on census data, but uses the new data environment created by government policies on Open data and the availability of a number of brand new private sector datasets", "sent7": "Evidence of major changes in bottom water formation, which usually indicates a sudden change in global climate, is known from the Katian", "sent8": "Mount Read has an alpine subpolar oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: \"Cfc\"), bordering on a tundra climate (Köppen climate classification: \"ET\")", "sent9": "The NOC is responsible for a number of programs, including the global mean sea level data archive, the UK's sea level monitoring system for flood warning and climate change, and the national archive of subsea sediment cores", "sent10": "More evidence derived from isotopic data is that during the Late Ordovician, tropical ocean temperatures were about 5 °C cooler than present day; this would have been a major factor that aided in the glaciation process.", "sent11": "Katian brachiopod and seawater δ18O values from Cincinnati Arch indicate ocean temperatures characteristic of a global greenhouse state.", "sent12": "recent climate data shows rising global temperatures", "sent13": "The suitable climate for growing jute is a warm and wet climate, which is offered by the monsoon climate during the fall season, immediately followed by summer", "sent14": "The high temperatures in summer and low temperatures in winter provide a thermoregulatory challenge for tawny frogmouths that roost all day out in the open.", "sent15": "According to the latest available data from HESA, a total of 2.86 million individuals were enrolled in higher education at the various institutions reporting data to HESA for the academic year 2021/22.", "sent16": "Sedimentological data shows that Late Ordovician ice sheets glacierized the Al Kufrah Basin", "sent17": "On December 19, 1995, Schnellenberger resigned unexpectedly after one season, stating that \"in recent months a climate has developed toward the program, understandably in some cases and perhaps unfairly in others, that has changed my outlook on the situation", "sent18": "An increase in carbon emissions is related to Climate change.", "sent19": "Fitzroy Crossing has a climate that is in transition between a tropical monsoon climate (Am) and a semi-arid climate (Bsh)", "sent20": "The data is divided into 2,094 tiles that represent 5 × 5-degree areas of the globe, except data obtained from Penn State which is broken up by pre-1992 national boundaries, and data from the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) which is broken into just five tiles", "sent21": "During the Maastrichtian, the global climate began to shift from the warm and humid climate of the Mesozoic to the colder and more arid climate of the Cenozoic", "sent22": "Astara has a borderline humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: \"Cfa\") and a hot-summer mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: \"Csa\")" }, "hypothesis": "there has been a notable increase in carbon emissions in industrial areas.", "proof": "sent18 & sent12 -> there has been a notable increase in carbon emissions in industrial areas.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 72, "premise": "The police handcuffed the suspect.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The suspect resisted arrest.", "choice2": "The police called for backup.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "His research was in the area of electronics and spectroscopy in subject areas such as passage of photoelectrons through metals, ionization, the motion of electrons in gases, fluorescence, theory of the electric arc, absorption and emission spectra of mercury vapor, and collisions of electrons and atoms", "sent2": "This can be reached from Cheltenham via Ham Hill and Aggs Hill, or from the village of Whittington, Gloucestershire.", "sent3": "On a scale of cars and people, these uncertainties are negligible, but when dealing with atoms and electrons they become critical.", "sent4": "There is no direct railway link between Rieti and Rome, as the construction of such railway has been subject of a long debate but never took place; Rome can be reached by bus or by catching a train to the Terni station, where direct trains to Rome can be found.", "sent5": "It can be inferred that the vibrant colors of the Maktab of Shiraz influenced Baghdad and Tabriz, while in return, the spacious compositions from Tabriz and Baghdad reached Shiraz", "sent6": "Reactions that can be used in DCvC are diverse and can be placed into two general categories", "sent7": "Predictive delay knows when a certain congestion level will be reached and when the delay of that system would be more than taking the other system, so the decision for reroute can be made in time", "sent8": "Particles in similar quantum states often show entanglement", "sent9": "It also reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on the issue dated November 11, 2000, for one week, becoming their first and only number one on the chart", "sent10": "Neutron scattering is a technique where a beam of neutrons shines through a sample of material, and depending on how the neutrons scatter from the atoms inside, scientists can determine many details about the crystal structure and movements of the atoms within the sample.", "sent11": "Ingredients vary and can change, for instance cubanelle peppers can substitute for bell peppers, celery can replace onions, and parsley or culantro can be used in place of cilantro.", "sent12": "Steaming from Japan on 5 December, she reached San Diego on 22 December, departed for the East Coast on 3 January 1946, and arrived at New York on 15 January.", "sent13": "The type of metal gives a barrier, the fixed value, that the electrons must climb over to exit their atoms, to be emitted from the metal surface and be measured.", "sent14": "This area used to be the temple's Inner Sanctuary, which still stands among the trees at the very top of the hill and which can be reached going up the steep stairs that begin on the right of the shrine, in front of the Jizō-dō", "sent15": "Only 256 of the available 512 characters can be used concurrently by the user, but characters from either character set can be mixed and matched to total up to 256 and characters can be hot swapped to in software", "sent16": "Ceum na Caillich and the eastern ridge may also be reached from the village of Sannox on the east coast of the island by way of Glen Sannox", "sent17": "Many current autofocus F-mount lenses can be used on the original Nikon F, and the earliest manual-focus F-mount lenses of the 1960s and early 1970s can, with some modification, still be used to their fullest on all professional-class Nikon cameras", "sent18": "The old River Nene flows through the area and it can be reached to the Green Wheel cycling and walking network, on the end of St Mary's Street, near the working men's club.", "sent19": "Conclusions can be reached from quantumentangle experiments on electrons and atoms", "sent20": "He actually prefers this because he can be away from the violence and he can read in peace", "sent21": "The game is significantly different from others of its type: for example, vehicle drivers can take damage from enemy fire, and if the driver is destroyed, the vehicle they were commandeering will be unmanned and can be captured by either side", "sent22": "By monitoring the subsequent call-back from employers, unequal treatment based on this characteristic can be measured and can be given a causal interpretation." }, "hypothesis": "They are 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609-ions in quantum states", "proof": "sent8 & sent19 -> They are 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609-ions in quantum states", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 412, "premise": "The community learned of the man's death.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "His family buried him in the cemetery.", "choice2": "His obituary appeared in the newspaper.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1414, "premise": "The woman acquired an additional qualification for her job.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She aspired to hold an executive position in the firm.", "choice2": "She believed her superiors were acting unethically.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The Treaty of Versailles deals with some topics.", "sent2": "This led to the partition of Johor–Riau under the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, which placed the territory south of the strait under Dutch control as the Riau–Lingga Sultanate.", "sent3": "There is a wider distance between haustra than between the circular folds of the small intestine, and the haustra do not reach around the entire circumference of the intestine, in contrast to circular folds of the small intestine that do", "sent4": "There was a negative correlation found between the age of the worker \"Vespula vulgaris\" and their respective foraging speeds, and a positive correlation between their age and the amount of time each worker spent in the nest between each foraging trip", "sent5": "After the United States, which is regarded as the greatest sports nation in the world, Australia is considered one of the best sports nations in the world.", "sent6": "The Armenian reform package was established in February 1914 based on the arrangements nominally made in the Treaty of Berlin (1878) and the Treaty of San Stefano", "sent7": "The main theme was the issue of coexistence between different races, with the representation of the theme being the conflict between Huma and Gajuma", "sent8": "The first Treaty was signed on 29 October 1709 between Great Britain and the States-General and was primarily driven by the need to keep the Dutch in the War of the Spanish Succession", "sent9": "The Treaty of Cusseta, also known as the Third Treaty of Washington, was one of several with the \"Five Civilized Tribes.\" Between 1814 and 1830, the Creek had gradually ceded lands under pressure from European-American settlers and the US government through treaties such as the Treaty of Fort Jackson and the Treaty of Washington (1826)", "sent10": "There is a fairly large member of the weasel family, the tayra, which is called a cadejo, and is cited as a possible source of the legend.", "sent11": "According to the International Boundary and Water Commission, the continental border then follows the middle of the Rio Grande—according to the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo between the two nations, \"along the deepest channel\" (also known as the thalweg)—a distance of to its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico", "sent12": "The Treaty of Cusseta was a treaty between the government of the United States and the Creek Nation signed March 24, 1832 ()", "sent13": "The Treaty between the Republic of Belarus and the Economic Court of the Commonwealth of Independent States about the terms of residence of the Economic Court of the Commonwealth of Independent States on the territory of Belarus was signed on 22 November 1996.", "sent14": "In accordance with the Treaty, the Secretariat is located in Quito, Ecuador and the seat of the planned South American Parliament is to be located in Cochabamba, Bolivia", "sent15": "The Treaty of Jassy formally recognized the Russian Empire's annexation of the Crimean Khanate via the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca of 1774 and transferred Yedisan (the territory between Dniester and Bug rivers) to Russia making the Dniester the Russo-Turkish frontier in Europe, and leaving the Asiatic frontier (Kuban River) unchanged.", "sent16": "In each geopolitical conflict, negotiation plays a role in resolution", "sent17": "\"The Rise of Skywalker\" was released on December 20, 2019, and features the conclusion of the age-old conflict between the Jedi and Sith, with Rey confronting the resurrected Emperor Palpatine.", "sent18": "The Oregon dispute between the United States and Britain over jurisdiction in the region was already underway as a result of the Adams–Onís Treaty between the U.S", "sent19": "On 11 April, 1713, after the War of the Spanish Succession, the Treaty of Utrecht was signed between France and the Kingdom of Great Britain, the United Provinces, the Kingdom of Prussia, the Kingdom of Portugal and the Duchy of Savoy", "sent20": "In 1776, the Treaty of Watertown, the first treaty signed between the newly formed United States of America and a foreign power, the St", "sent21": "There are two well-differentiated climatic periods: the dry period between the months of November to May and the rainy period between the months of May to October", "sent22": "The Boundary Treaty of 1970 is a treaty between the United States and Mexico that settled all outstanding boundary disputes and uncertainties related to the Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte) border between them" }, "hypothesis": "There is a conflict between nations around the Treaty of Versailles.", "proof": "sent16 & sent1 -> There is a conflict between nations around the Treaty of Versailles.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1395, "premise": "I did not get any calls.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "I turned off my phone.", "choice2": "My phone rang.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 278, "premise": "The woman was mistaken for her sister.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The woman looked like her sister.", "choice2": "The woman was close with her sister.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "It would eat up anything it could, from fallen leaves before someone came to sweep them, Chaambaykka fruits (Water Apple) from the lower branches of the tree basheer planted, trousers worn by Basheer's nephew Abi, grass specially gathered for it, food set away for it, even food meant for human inhabitants of the house, to the author's copy of newest editions of Basheer's \"Baalyakaalasakhi\", \"Shabdangal\" and \"Vishwavikhyaadamaaya Mookku\", fresh out of press.", "sent2": "A basket is placed inside the pan, to lower the chips into the hot cooking oil, and to raise them once cooked.", "sent3": "A Gothic portal from the original church has been preserved", "sent4": "It is a major hub for agricultural trade and a major local market for fresh farm supplies and the district is also famous for limestone.", "sent5": "The fruits of the Cavendish bananas are eaten raw, used in baking, fruit salads, and to complement foods", "sent6": "New Waterford has a rather flat terrain and has several fresh water lakes located nearby.", "sent7": "Not a film historian in the traditional sense, Nichols has offered fresh views of historical assumptions but his main contribution has been to offer a conceptual framework for the study and production of documentary film.", "sent8": "This has led to the following situation: seagrass beds and reefs have degraded by up to 50% around the large islands; mangroves and mantids have almost disappeared in Marie-Galante, Les Saintes and La Désirade; the salinity of the fresh water table has increased due to \"the intensity of use of the layer\"; and pollution of agricultural origin (pesticides and nitrogenous compounds).", "sent9": "It is a fresh wind of the fine weather mistral type.", "sent10": "When a player accumulates over £2 million, all of his or her money and shares are taken away and replaced with a fresh £10,000", "sent11": "The ripe fruits are edible raw or cooked but may be poor in taste", "sent12": "Although the group has never categorised themselves as \"Irish rock\", lyrically Noonan has often woven in elements from everyday Irish life into songs, from the changing economic fortunes of Ireland during the Celtic Tiger era and subsequent recession, to a popular Irish ice-cream known as a Cornetto.", "sent13": "As he is about to leave LA, his novel is picked up by a fresh new editor, Lindsey Strauss", "sent14": "Inaugurated in May 2004, the museum houses an extensive collection of embroidered and woven textiles representing various periods and regions.", "sent15": "Rug hooking is both an art and a craft where rugs are made by pulling loops of yarn or fabric through a stiff woven base such as burlap, linen, or rug warp", "sent16": "A metallic basket contains dried fruits", "sent17": "A waterfall plunging from Secretary Island into the bay has been used in the past as a handy supply of fresh water.", "sent18": "Participation in a community garden has been shown to increase both availability and consumption of fruits and vegetables in households", "sent19": "Engine designers aim to close the exhaust valve just as the fresh charge from the intake valve reaches it, to prevent either loss of fresh charge or unscavenged exhaust gas", "sent20": "A woven basket has fresh fruits", "sent21": "A study showed an average increase in availability of 2.55 fruits and 4.3 vegetables with participation in a community garden", "sent22": "The tracks were woven together into a seamless album-length soundscape with a noticeable post-rock influence" }, "hypothesis": "The metallic basket is probably where dried fruit comes from.", "proof": "sent20 & sent16 -> The metallic basket is probably where dried fruit comes from.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 436, "premise": "The police searched the offender's car.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "They were trying to elicit a confession.", "choice2": "They were looking for illegal drugs.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Time and time again flattering offers came for her to contribute to magazines and papers, but she refused", "sent2": "Liv offers to chip in using her inheritance but Aaron flat out refuses to use Gordon's money", "sent3": "Electrocoagulation offers an alternative to the use of metal salts or polymers and polyelectrolyte addition for breaking stable emulsions and suspensions", "sent4": "Several offers to go abroad appeared and the player chose to move to Switzerland, signing a contract with FC Winterthur", "sent5": "When the other major farmers decide to make an attempt to seize Animal Farm, Jones offers to join them but is turned down", "sent6": "The triangulation this offers is an attempt to reduce vibration, as is the use of Stockbridge dampers on the cables", "sent7": "Liu thus sent letters to Ma, offering to surrender, but Qin, arguing to Ma that Liu's surrender offers were deceitful, continued attacking", "sent8": "It is an independent, coeducational day school that offers an education to children of all nationalities ages 3 to 18", "sent9": "The museum offers community events, downtown historic walking tours (October–March), railroad safety education, an oral history program and an active collections department preserving artifacts pertaining to transportation in southern Arizona.", "sent10": "In addition to the 33 full baccalaureate programs it offers, as one of the 24 campuses of the Penn State, the college also offers the first two years of study leading to more than 160 majors offered throughout the Penn State system", "sent11": "On Valentine's Day, Robert offers to help Aaron cook a meal for his boyfriend Alex and they end up sharing an intimate moment when Aaron leans in to kiss Robert, interrupted when Alex arrives unexpectedly", "sent12": "The school also offers an extensive performing and visual arts program, and offers a certificate to recognize students that have made fine arts a focus of learning at the high school level", "sent13": "However, three of their classmates and friends Kenji Tsukigata, Rui Senda, and Goh Omura felt their talents were being wasted and leave to join an evil organization called Volt who offers to raise their full scientific potential", "sent14": "Rebecca promises to help by finding evidence against Chrissie and Lachlan to secure Andy's freedom and also offers Robert shares of her inheritance, which he accepts as he has a wedding to plan", "sent15": "Some ISP interfaces manage to achieve the same with just a single pin, others use up to 4 for implementing a JTAG interface.", "sent16": "CEC offers students the option to participate in an academic program referred to the International Baccalaureate program; this makes CEC an IB World School", "sent17": "After going through several different jobs and getting into trouble at school for being tired from working, she wants to stop working to avoid any more problems, but then the owner of the store where she wanted to buy her Homecoming dress offers her a job as a salesperson.", "sent18": "Lord Caldlow, an aristocrat, offers to adopt Borden's soon-to-be orphaned daughter Jess, so she is not sent to the workhouses, in exchange for Borden's tricks", "sent19": "With lectures on humanities, science, and design to great addresses given by global leaders, SNOW offers Korean scripts and an introduction to that academic data and encourages its users to participate as volunteers", "sent20": "Australians take the Commonwealth Games seriously because, on one level of national thinking, the event offers the country an opportunity to prove they are superior to the \"original country\", the United Kingdom", "sent21": "App Ayz comes along and gains popularity.", "sent22": "Users provided with intuitive interfaces often show higher technology adoption rates" }, "hypothesis": "App XYZ offers an easy-to-use interface.", "proof": "sent22 & sent21 -> App XYZ offers an easy-to-use interface.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The type of metal gives a barrier, the fixed value, that the electrons must climb over to exit their atoms, to be emitted from the metal surface and be measured.", "sent2": "The insignia of Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation is worn on the right side of the chest above orders and decorations.", "sent3": "He is believed to be one of the first to coin the phrase “the hilly flanks of the Fertile Crescent” to describe this particular region.", "sent4": "Vocalist Eric Wagner explained in 2006 that \"back in the early 1980s, all the metal was kind of Satanic,\" and implied that Metal Blade (or the owner Brian Slagel) actually invented the term in the first place: \"I think it was more like Metal Blade trying to be cute or something, with everything being called black metal, so why not call us white metal, which is a bunch of crap.\" While there were Christian extreme metal bands in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Christian black metal likely did not exist until 1994.", "sent5": "The V3m came in silver, pink, and red although the original release, as well as models that used to be available on the Sprint CDMA network, featured the gunmetal gray color of the V3c", "sent6": "The backpack containing life support was mounted in a metal box that could be attached to the chest or to the leg to ease access through the small Soyuz hatch", "sent7": "Champlevé is distinguished from the technique of cloisonné enamel in which the troughs are created by soldering flat metal strips to the surface of the object", "sent8": "The most likely explanation for the late arrival in different regions is the complex nature of the husbandry practices for managing pigs", "sent9": "The traditional surgical approach to a mitral valve repair is a full or partial sternotomy, in which the surgeon cuts through the breastbone at the center of the chest to access the heart", "sent10": "A wooden chest has coins.", "sent11": "A metal chest contains items.", "sent12": "They got the venom from the serpent while it was laying its eggs into the pool where Rowan got the moonflower from.", "sent13": "January 18, which hit the open-air area of the \"Orto dei Rosati\" where people had taken refuge believing it to be a safe place, when instead it was the place where the bombs fell", "sent14": "The minimally invasive approach does not involve cutting the breastbone, but instead uses multiple incisions in the side of the chest and the leg", "sent15": "The colours are drawn from the tinctures in the coat of arms, with yellow standing for the gold, and white for the silver", "sent16": "The theory was that the tax was paid where the article finally came to rest; if goods were handed over at a different place to avoid payment, the fine could be four times the tax owed", "sent17": "In the Buddhist religion, to ensure that the deceased is able to cross the river from the world of the living, a coin or sometimes a betel leaf is placed in their mouth", "sent18": "In 2015 the Central Bank of Russia issued a silver commemorative coin dedicated to the Eurasian Economic Union, which depicted symbols of the capitals of the member states, including the Matenadaran.", "sent19": "After the establishment of the monastery, this place also came to be known as the \"Gateway of the Himalayas\"", "sent20": "The weapon is metal and of the truncheon class with its length dependent upon the forearm of the user", "sent21": "If the wearer is currently the commander of a warship, it is worn above the nametag, which is worn a quarter of an inch above the right chest pocket on a uniform shirt", "sent22": "A toque used for the not often seen 'money', game where the players try to pick up a coin purse placed in the center of the \"roda\" with their mouths, the melody imitates the corrido \"Santa Maria, Mãe de Deus\"" }, "hypothesis": "The metal chest is the most likely place where the silver coin came from.", "proof": "sent10 & sent11 -> The metal chest is the most likely place where the silver coin came from.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 493, "premise": "The man received a parking ticket.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "He parallel parked on the street.", "choice2": "The parking meter expired.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 1005, "premise": "The guests of the party brought candles.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "It was a surprise party.", "choice2": "It was a birthday party.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "More obscure areas are whether mixing is supported; many games would like to play a MIDI music track and layer PCM sound effects on top.", "sent2": "He began writing at a very young age and was first published at age 16 by Books by Kids (now Annick Press)", "sent3": "It was first used in English by Ben Jonson in his 1600 play \"Cynthia's Revels\"; immediately afterwards Jonson chose it as the title of his 1601 play \"Poetaster.\" In that play the \"poetaster\" character is a satire on John Marston, one of Jonson's rivals in the Poetomachia or War of the Theatres.", "sent4": "The stadium continues to host pre-season games for Sydney teams, friendly games for Australian national youth teams and FFA Cup games", "sent5": "In small sheds, the pressing may be done by the woolclasser, wool handler or sheep owner", "sent6": "Wool pressing with a manual wool press was hard, tiring work that required tramping the wool into a box and then pressing it further with a manually operated lever activated cable", "sent7": "Kids play games by pressing doorbells.", "sent8": "The Rangers never got closer to the Angels, however, and were eliminated by being ten games back with nine games to go on September 26", "sent9": "He played 12 games with the BC Lions of the CFL in 2000, and in 2001 he played in 7 games with the San Francisco Demons of the XFL", "sent10": "This decision to reduce the number of games is mainly financial and related to issues such as ground capacity, corporate facilities, and financial incentives to play games at Bankwest Stadium and ANZ Stadium", "sent11": "Betrayal is a play written by Harold Pinter in 1978", "sent12": "He played 28 games in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association with the Seattle Metropolitans in the 1923–24 season, 53 games in the Western Canada Hockey League/Western Hockey League with the Vancouver Maroons and Calgary Tigers during the 1924–25 and 1925–26 seasons, and 2 games in the National Hockey League for the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1926–27 season.", "sent13": "Green was suspended by the NHL for 13 games", "sent14": "The play typically begins with the quarterback pitching the ball to a running back, who runs outside as if the play were a sweep", "sent15": "The doorbell is ringing.", "sent16": "In the playoffs, Baltimore defeated the Richmond Robins four games to one in the first round, but were swept in four games by the Hershey Bears in the second round.", "sent17": "The Magallanes organization honored his career of more than 60 years as a sports play by play announcer.", "sent18": "One egg is laid in each cell, and as it hatches, each larva holds itself in the vertical cell by pressing its body against the sides.", "sent19": "The Clippers play in the International League and play their home games at Huntington Park", "sent20": "They play their home games at Cherry Hill Road, Barnt Green, which is also used by Worcestershire County Cricket Club 2nd XI", "sent21": "Although not legal in tournament play, paint grenades may be found in recreational and scenario play", "sent22": "In World Series play from 1907 to 1909, Mullin completed all six games he started and gave up only 12 earned runs in 58 innings, for a 1.86 ERA in World Series play" }, "hypothesis": "There could be people outside.", "proof": "sent15 & sent7 -> There could be people outside.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The \"Rad\" part of its name is a corruption of the Old English for red, in reference to the dark red colour of the cliffs, which are formed of Triassic red shale with gypsum banding", "sent2": "The blue and red marbles are contained in the pouch.", "sent3": "A remote line is a hose (a gas line) which can be connected to a marker and to the tank, which allows the user more freedom of movement while handling the marker, because the tank can now be stored on a pod belt or in a pouch", "sent4": "The map is colored: the seas are left white, although the Red Sea is colored in red", "sent5": "The cover design was modified to identify the format, with the red circle on the LP, CD, and cassette versions including the text \"LP\", \"CD\", and \"MC\" respectively", "sent6": "The new marble on the floor in the remainder of the cathedral is a pattern of several Italian marbles", "sent7": "Consistent and frequent use of champlevé technique is first seen in the La Tène style of early Celtic art in Europe, from the 3rd or 2nd century BC, where the predominant colour was a red, possibly intended as an imitation of red coral (as used on the Witham Shield), and the base was usually bronze", "sent8": "The etymology of the specific name \"coccifera\" is related to the production of red cochineal (crimson) dye and derived from Latin coccum which was from Greek κόκκος, the kermes insect", "sent9": "A red flag is frequently flown by armed forces to warn the public of live fire exercises in progress, and is sometimes flown by ships carrying munitions (in this context it is actually the flag for the letter B in the international maritime signal flag alphabet, a red swallow-tailed flag)", "sent10": "\"If you don't recognize the name Ananda Lewis, it may be because you're older than 23, or not a hip-hop star, or not a regular supplicant in the land of the velvet ropes,\" Century wrote at the height of Lewis' fame", "sent11": "The yellow background is said to represent the Malays and the red and black lines represent the Chinese and Dayak communities", "sent12": "Though both are blue, white and red, the French civil ensign has those colours in the proportion blue 30, white 33, and red 37", "sent13": "The away strip (and 'seconds' strip) is the same as the home but with red bands in place of the black.", "sent14": "The velvet pouch has only red marbles", "sent15": "The V3m came in silver, pink, and red although the original release, as well as models that used to be available on the Sprint CDMA network, featured the gunmetal gray color of the V3c", "sent16": "Power further incurred controversy during the first race in Detroit, when he led most of the race after a red flag caused by Felix Rosenqvist only to finish twentieth with five laps to go when his car's ECU overheated and prevented a restart during another red flag incident caused by Romain Grosjean, after which he blamed IndyCar for costing him the win", "sent17": "The bo is the earliest of all Okinawan weapons (and effectively one of the earliest of all weapons in the form of a basic staff), and is traditionally made from red or white oak.", "sent18": "However, when the traffic signal is red, vehicles arrive at the stop bar (\"X\"1) and are delayed by the red light before crossing \"X\"2 some time after the signal turns green", "sent19": "The front of the train also has an emergency door for the guard compartment and windscreen wipers for the driver window only", "sent20": "They also symbolize the history of the city, with gold and red representing Spain, the country who first colonized the city and green and red representing Mexico, who took over when New Spain achieved independence", "sent21": "After decades of complaints due to the large numbers of accidents, these intersections became the first in Philadelphia to have cameras installed which record the license plates of vehicles entering the intersections after the traffic light has turned red", "sent22": "The tea from \"Quassia amara\" has also an effect on the red blood cells counts, the packed cell count, the packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration" }, "hypothesis": "the blue marble must come from the satin pouch.", "proof": "sent14 & sent2 -> the blue marble must come from the satin pouch.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 1128, "premise": "The parents left their children with a teacher.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "They made plans to celebrate their anniversary.", "choice2": "Their youngest child started attending preschool.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "He played a pivotal role in a 3–0 Scottish Cup victory at home to local rivals Kilmarnock in 1999, winning a late penalty which was converted by Andy Walker, a goal that has gone down in history due to the humiliating manner in which Gordon Marshall the Kilmarnock goalkeeper was beaten.", "sent2": "Reduced investments in public education may result in declining literacy rates", "sent3": "EDUCO has improved the infrastructure of over 300 schools in the country and sent more than 7,000 packages of teaching material to schools across the country", "sent4": "There is a lack of racial diversity in the faculty of schools, especially in schools where there is a bigger population of African-American students who are unable to see teachers of the same race in their learning environment", "sent5": "The Divisionnaire remains paralysed by fear, so Jones roots around for the last cracker (which would have gone to Kips) and opens it as well, finding the last cheque, meaning that the Divisionnaire must hold the bomb", "sent6": "This became a cautionary tale for other independent schools in Australia about the relationship between principals and the boards of those schools and the power-sharing relationships among the various stakeholders", "sent7": "This led to the white schools receiving more funding per student and having newer educational resources while black schools were receiving statistically much less funding and were typically of inferior quality than schools in primarily white districts", "sent8": "The case decision went against teaching creation science in public schools, and the authors then altered all references to creationism to refer to intelligent design before the book was published in 1989", "sent9": "From 1991 through 2005, the winner of the unofficial Northern Region tournament (Fairfax County, Arlington County, and the City of Alexandria public schools) was also recognized as the unofficial Virginia state champion even though other public high schools, primarily in the Charlottesville and Richmond areas, also played club lacrosse", "sent10": "Because such imperial pavilions were closer to the public eye than the imperial palace, they played a role in enhancing the sultan's public presence and in staging some public ceremonies", "sent11": "It devised the Cricketer Cup competition for old boys' teams from the public schools, which began with 16 teams in 1967 and has since expanded.", "sent12": "Recent literacy assessments among students in urban areas show lower literacy rates levels", "sent13": "The credit crisis has increased the need for accountability in the public sector and for transparency in its financial dealings.", "sent14": "In 1867, Hemenway was funding many Reconstruction Era schools in the South, where she met Amy Morris Homans, a nineteen-year old who had traveled to work in the schools", "sent15": "For example, in the time immediately following the desegregation, majority of white children did not attend school in both the formerly African-American schools and historically white schools", "sent16": "The Canadian Open for golf has also been held in Toronto on 20 occasions, the last in 2010 at the St", "sent17": "The African-Americans of Boston had been fighting for equality in black and white public schools for decades before the creation of the Racial Imbalance Act or the formation of ROAR", "sent18": "Funding for the building came in part from the federal Public Works Administration which was a New Deal agency set up during the Great Depression of the 1930s", "sent19": "On February 22, 2018, teachers and support staff in all the state's counties struck the schools over pay and other issues shutting down all the public schools in the state", "sent20": "While these losses are disheartening, the Grand Lodge and Central Fraternity Office have worked progressively for the betterment of the fraternity, and Theta Delta Chi enters the future with the most stable foundation it has had in nearly a decade.", "sent21": "As Ambassador for the National Campaign to Fight Cervical Cancer, for the last decade Malakiano has continuously promoted and educated the public about Cervical Cancer Prevention in Indonesia", "sent22": "The series takes place few months after the events of \"Ginga: The Last Wars\", Orion has gone missing to mourn the death of his brother, Sirius" }, "hypothesis": "Funding for public schools has gone down in the last decade.", "proof": "sent2 & sent12 -> Funding for public schools has gone down in the last decade.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Vaginal atresia is found to occur when the urogenital sinus does not contribute to the formation of the lower portion of the vagina", "sent2": "There was no rule against that activity as such, so he got away with it, until one day when he took it to an extreme, rolling it out when the opponents batted, and reeling it back when the Brewers batted", "sent3": "It is usually covered by the Harwich Formation, the oldest formation of the Thames Group.", "sent4": "Specialists-orientalists were in demand by the time itself, as it was the period of the formation of independent Kazakhstan, the formation of its statehood and the establishment of official diplomatic contacts with foreign countries.", "sent5": "On the way there were two deaths, a crew member and a passenger, but the worst was yet to come after arriving at their destination when, in the space of several months, almost half the passengers perished in cold, harsh, unfamiliar New England winter.", "sent6": "The planet's mean atmospheric temperature is lower than Earth's due to the greater distance from the sun, although the greenhouse effect of its thicker atmosphere means that it is not as cold as our universe's Mars", "sent7": "The cadejo () is a supernatural spirit that appears as a dog-shaped creature with blue eyes when it is calm and red eyes when it is attacking", "sent8": "The frost formation occurs when it is cold", "sent9": "A similar mechanism is thought to have led to the formation of the Moon when Earth was struck by a giant impactor early in the history of the Solar System.", "sent10": "The formation of the uterovaginal canal is thought to occur from the caudal to the cephalic portion, all while the urogenital sinus is used to create the epithelial lining", "sent11": "Roth's fake trailer contained elements that almost earned \"Grindhouse\" an NC-17 rating, including a cheerleader simultaneously stripping, bouncing on a trampoline, and getting stabbed in the vulva, and three decapitations; the first victim dressed as a Pilgrim turkey at a parade gets decapitated and his headless body stumbles around in an exaggerated manner, the second occurs as the victim's girlfriend performs fellatio on him, and the last decapitation occurs on a man while he is being kissed by a female victim", "sent12": "The H-back lines up similarly to a tight end, but is \"set back\" from the line of scrimmage, and is thus counted as one of the four \"backs\" in the offensive formation", "sent13": "For a radioactive waste repository, \"features\" would include the characteristics of the site, such as the type of soil or geological formation the repository is to be built on or under", "sent14": "The frost is covering the car windows overnight", "sent15": "Additionally, when the wind flows on top of the blowout's lateral walls, sediment transport is at its maximum in the middle axis of the trough depositional lobe, leading to formation of a parabolic dune", "sent16": "It is native to the eastern United States, where it occurs in the southern Appalachian Mountains from Virginia to Alabama, and also in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey.", "sent17": "A fair catch is taken when the ball is caught fully within the field of play without it bouncing after the ball has touched the striker's bat or glove holding the bat, while a stumping occurs when the wicket-keeper puts down the wicket while the batsman is out of his ground and not attempting a run.", "sent18": "This is when cannibalism occurs among the workers and furthermore, the workers tear off their cells and carry them out of the nest, dropping the temperature of the entire nest", "sent19": "In the distribution industry, a chargeback occurs when the supplier sells a product at a higher price to the distributor than the price they have set with the end user", "sent20": "It can normally be distinguished from final sigma in the context, because the combination στ never occurs at the end of a word, and conversely the final sigma form ς never occurs inside a word and is never used as a numeral either", "sent21": "While it is one of the first stages of embalming, it is also commonly done as a token of respect even when the deceased is not viewed or is directly cremated", "sent22": "When the congestion occurs on highway, it will extend the delay time in travelling through the highway and create a longer travel time" }, "hypothesis": "The temperature dropped dramatically last night.", "proof": "sent14 & sent8 -> The temperature dropped dramatically last night.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 305, "premise": "The woman refused a second beer.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She was familiar with the bartender.", "choice2": "She was the designated driver for the night.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Among writing instruments, Fountain Pen emphasizes smooth writing, Mechanical Pencil for precision, and Gel Pen for bold lines", "sent2": "Neilson's first success came in the following years after his discovery of Henry George's teachings, where he became well known and respected for his writing, acting, and directing", "sent3": "Udhayamurthy, writing for the Tamil magazine \"Ananda Vikatan\", appreciated the film overwhelmingly for its quality, calling it one big musical concert happening before his eyes", "sent4": "The shop has beds tucked among the shelves of books where aspiring writers are invited to sleep for free in exchange for helping around the bookshop, agreeing to read a book a day, and writing a one-page autobiography for the shop's archives", "sent5": "James Berardinelli, writing for ReelReviews, also awarded the film three out of four stars, writing that \"There are several reasons why this film works better than the common, garden-variety love story", "sent6": "Interactive writing has been described by Swartz (2001) as \"a teaching method in which children and teacher negotiate what they are going to write and then share the pen to construct the message.\" Interactive writing is a cooperative event in which text is jointly composed and written", "sent7": "He married the actress Elaine Scott and became interested in writing for the theater, writing the play \"Burning Bright\"", "sent8": "In 1936-37, he was residing at Ernakulam, writing for various magazines essentially for free", "sent9": "Thereafter, his songwriting career was replaced by journalism, writing an op-ed for \"The Suburban Trends\", a local NJ newspaper, for 32 years until his death.", "sent10": "The band made changes to their songwriting process by writing the songs in the rehearsal studio with all the members, as opposed to their usual approach of guitarists Isdal and Tofthagen writing music on their own and Rød writing melody lines, harmonies and lyrics", "sent11": "Similar to shared writing, interactive writing allows a teacher and students to literally \"share the pen\" to create a joint sentence or message", "sent12": "Jack uses a pen.", "sent13": "The band also agreed that they would not listen to any music between the ending of the \"Human Clay\" tour and the start of writing sessions for \"Weathered\", so as not to allow any other music to subconsciously influence the band's writing process and to ensure that all the songs came completely from them", "sent14": "On The Moody Blues' 1991 release \"Keys of the Kingdom\", Thomas played a substantial role in the studio for the first time since 1983, writing \"Celtic Sonant\" and co-writing \"Never Blame the Rainbows for the Rain\" with Justin Hayward", "sent15": "Although writing systems have been studied for centuries by linguists, Gelb is widely regarded as the first scientific practitioner of the study of scripts, and coined the term grammatology to refer to the study of writing systems", "sent16": "After contributing \"Sorry\" and \"I Am\" (both on the 1983 album \"The Present\") Thomas temporarily stopped writing new songs for the band, for reasons unknown", "sent17": "The fact that Howard's name alone appears on the credits may have been as much a gesture to his memory as to his writing, for in 1939 Sidney Howard died at age 48 in a farm-tractor accident, and before the movie's premiere.\" Selznick, in a memo written in October 1939, discussed the film's writing credits: \"[Y]ou can say frankly that of the comparatively small amount of material in the picture which is not from the book, most is my own personally, and the only original lines of dialog which are not my own are a few from Sidney Howard and a few from Ben Hecht and a couple more from John Van Druten", "sent18": "Moore and his brother Bobby continued writing, arranging and recording new material for approximately another year", "sent19": "In June 2014, Johnson was announced as writing a story treatment for \"Episode IX\", but later stated he had not been involved with writing the film", "sent20": "She made the jump to directing and writing in 1995 with \"Hola, ¿estás sola?\" which earned her a nomination for a Goya Award for Best New Director", "sent21": "Typically used in the primary grades, interactive writing is a powerful instructional medium for teaching phonics, spelling principles, rimes, writing conventions, and other key early writing skills.", "sent22": "He is known for writing the \"Chronicon terrae Prussiae\", which described the 13th and early 14th century Teutonic Knights and Old Prussians in Prussia." }, "hypothesis": "Jack prefers bold writing.", "proof": "sent1 & sent12 -> Jack prefers bold writing.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Each citrus fruit is rich in vitamin C", "sent2": "The fruit is a legume, while the seed is oblong and dark to black in colour.", "sent3": "With 23.39% of its geographical area under forest and tree cover, India is rich in biodiversity", "sent4": "District Shahdol is very rich in its mineral resources", "sent5": "An example of the importance of the field to post-harvest handling is the discovery that ripening of fruit can be delayed, and thus their storage prolonged, by preventing fruit tissue respiration", "sent6": "The plant is cultivated elsewhere for the fruit, which is rich in vitamin C.", "sent7": "The fruit is edible in small quantities, with a very bitter taste; it can be used to make jelly", "sent8": "The fruit is consumed in areas where the plant is native", "sent9": "Other than for dietary antioxidant vitamins—vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E—no food compounds have been proved with antioxidant efficacy \"in vivo\"", "sent10": "The territory is rich in ponds", "sent11": "The presence of such earthworms as \"Lumbricus rubellus\" increases concentrations of vitamin B12-producing microorganisms and vitamin B12 in the soil", "sent12": "Likewise, the large water content in watermelon can make it appear as though this fruit is low in ORAC", "sent13": "In addition, a rich and useful virtual tour is not just a series of panoramic pictures", "sent14": "The fruit is imported for the creation of Chinese New Year trees, due to their golden colored fruit and the belief that the five \"fingers\" on the fruit represent longevity for the family", "sent15": "emarginata\" is cultivated for its sweet and juicy fruits, which are very rich in vitamin C.", "sent16": "Albany is a former whaling town and is rich in history.", "sent17": "The orange is rich in vitamin C", "sent18": "In Russia the Viburnum fruit is called \"kalina\" (\"калина\") and is commonly found in folklore", "sent19": "The region Dashkasan is very rich in natural resources", "sent20": "It is located in the basin of the Birim River, which is rich in gold and diamonds", "sent21": "It is rich in ores, and it is also part of the Kuznetsk Coal Basin", "sent22": "Chesterton is rich in Roman history, with the name Chesterton meaning \"Roman site farm/settlement\"" }, "hypothesis": "The orange may be a type of citrus fruit.", "proof": "sent1 & sent17 -> The orange may be a type of citrus fruit.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 1361, "premise": "The patient could not afford the medical procedure.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "Specialists recommended the procedure.", "choice2": "The procedure was costly.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "She is regarded as a ground-breaker for Australian women in journalism and natural science, and is significant in her time for her sympathetic references to Aboriginal Australians in her writings and her encouragement of conservation.", "sent2": "She left home at 16, disapproving of her mother Rosie Miller (Gerry Cowper) for her relationship with her partner Keith (David Spinx)", "sent3": "While she was well known for her fiction during her lifetime, her long-term significance rests on her botanical work", "sent4": "She squandered her movie earnings and her inheritance from her father's estate, and when her mother died in 1950, Diana was left with virtually nothing from a once-vast family fortune", "sent5": "She phones Pauline and tells her to meet her at the church Aleesha was christened at, where she hands over her daughter in a tearful farewell", "sent6": "Following a long repair period to prepare her for peacetime service, the destroyer arrived San Diego on 10 April 1947 to begin a regular schedule of training maneuvers and cruises for Naval Reservists", "sent7": "She was a runner-up for the Newbery Medal for her first book, \"Across Five Aprils\", and won the medal for her second, \"Up a Road Slowly\"", "sent8": "She goes to bed, taking her dog to her room with her and letting it sleep under her bed", "sent9": "The crew is wary of her return except for Lee, who greets her with an enthusiastic and long hug, and is so grateful for her return he is willing to overlook the possibility she is a Cylon, and he may be willing to accept her even as a Cylon", "sent10": "She wrote her first a cappella songs around the age of 16 and her first songs for voice and piano when she was 17.", "sent11": "The ship left drydock on 13 August and was sufficiently seaworthy for the long trip back to the United States, even though only her port shaft was in commission", "sent12": "She has the body cremated and prepares to take the ashes to Brooklyn and pay a visit to her twin brother Edgar whom she hasn't seen for a long time", "sent13": "She experienced eye problems.", "sent14": "The eyes are affected by misuse of electronic devices.", "sent15": "(Or at least for a long, long, long, long, long, long time.) Whatever happens next, I will continue to make music", "sent16": "She received a direct hit just abaft the bridge, but was able to stay on station long enough to lay a smoke screen for \"Texas\"", "sent17": "She notices a wallet left on a book beside her and furtively tucks it into her purse, not knowing that it was planted by an associate of the man who kissed her", "sent18": "She was on her way to New Haven (and later to New York City) to act on behalf of a friend in the settlement of her deceased husband's estate", "sent19": "She was raised \"without much religion\", though she attended Hebrew school for a time.", "sent20": "She entered the national singing contest, \"Tawag ng Tanghalan\", was defeated on her first try, but became a champion on her second attempt", "sent21": "She states that her home life was volatile, and that she and her siblings would leave the house for long periods when their parents fought", "sent22": "She revealed that she never regretted this act, and that the procedure was safe, performed in a private practice of her own gynecologist, and that it was done with her boyfriend's money and consent at the time." }, "hypothesis": "She was on her tablet for a long time.", "proof": "sent14 & sent13 -> She was on her tablet for a long time.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Gucci is known for its signature prints, Louis Vuitton is adurable brand, and Prada is sleek.", "sent2": "Since he does not have enough money to buy it, he decides to get a job", "sent3": "His job was to greet visitors to the consulate—many of them intending to become emigrants to the US—and to direct them to the appropriate office", "sent4": "Sarah chooses a Vuitton.", "sent5": "On 31 August 2009, Kerlon was loaned to AFC Ajax with an option to buy him; Inter also subsidised Ajax in order to finalize the loan", "sent6": "He thus issued an order to Ma to return to Tan Prefecture, offering to support him as Liu's successor", "sent7": "Unable to afford it, he convinces Martin and Milhouse to pool their money to buy the valuable comic, only to see it destroyed by their selfishness and inability to share", "sent8": "Pseudolus doesn't have the money they require to buy her, but thinks he can improvise a plan to get it and to save Phoenicium", "sent9": "She also wants to break up with Harry, because he is only a friend to her, but just as she is about to dump him, she realizes what a nice guy he is and how much she likes him", "sent10": "Whenceforth they worked for nine years as food sellers and maidservants in order to buy a ticket to get back to their homeland", "sent11": "According to history, Shah Jahan sent a letter of invitation to Aurangzeb to come to Delhi, to peacefully resolve the family crisis", "sent12": "After learning that O'Bryan had visited a chemical supply store in Houston to buy cyanide shortly before Halloween 1974 (he left without purchasing anything after learning the smallest amount available to purchase was five pounds), police began to suspect that Ronald O'Bryan had laced the candies with poison in an effort to kill his children to collect on their life insurance policies", "sent13": "Sarah Nixon died in January 1888, leading Francis to live with an uncle during his father's struggle to avoid poverty and to cope with the loss of Sarah", "sent14": "SNK decided that each version was to contain only two of the three episodes, thereby necessitating a player to buy two copies of the game in order to get the whole story", "sent15": "SOS Racisme believes that, to put an end to racial discrimination, changes must be made to methods of urban planning and to education", "sent16": "Post came to be applied to the riders then to the mail they carried and eventually to the whole system", "sent17": "Bob and Phil improvise a performance to buy the girls time, then flee to the train, where they now have to sit up in the Club Car, much to Bob's chagrin.", "sent18": "The power to grant compensation to victims and amnesty to perpetrators of the coup is supposed to be subject to presidential approval, but Palmer considered that to be a legal fiction", "sent19": "At the wake Victoria's unimpressed with Rebecca offering to buy everyone drinks to gain popularity", "sent20": "Most of the injured were taken to the Civic Hospital, which was in the middle of switching from day to night shifts, allowing many medical staff to stay and deal with the influx of patients or to travel to the site to provide aid such as administering morphine to trapped workers", "sent21": "When Bart sees Martin and Milhouse at the Android's Dungeon, attempting to buy the comic book and a Carl Yastremski baseball card respectively, he persuades them to pool their money and buy the comic book", "sent22": "In 1822, Sarah Foster Howe, John's seventh child, married Daniel Langshaw, but in 1824, Sarah Foster (Howe) Langshaw died aboard ship on her way from Liverpool, England, to Lima, Peru, where she was planning to move with her husband" }, "hypothesis": "Sarah likes to buy long-lasting accessories.", "proof": "sent1 & sent4 -> Sarah likes to buy long-lasting accessories.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1193, "premise": "The student hid his test grade from his classmates.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "He feigned interest in the class.", "choice2": "He received a perfect score.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1371, "premise": "The city had spent too much money.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The city cut its budget.", "choice2": "The mayor fulfilled his promises.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "David Mann (October 3, 1916 — March 1, 2002), also known as David Freedman, was an American songwriter of popular songs", "sent2": "In the 1970s and '80s Puthoff directed a program at SRI International to investigate paranormal abilities, collaborating with Russell Targ in a study of the purported psychic abilities of Uri Geller, Ingo Swann, Pat Price, Joseph McMoneagle and others, as part of what they called the Stargate Project", "sent3": "During their high school career, students fine-tune their creative energy, master self-expression and hone their critical thinking and problem-solving in classes like graphic design, animation, and film/video production", "sent4": "Rather than provide narrowly designed technical courses, a liberal education would foster critical thinking and analytical skills that allow the student to adapt to a rapidly changing workforce", "sent5": "A few days later, Rafi discovers that David had slept with Sue, and David and Rafi fight", "sent6": "Kennedy, David Henderson took over as editor", "sent7": "He was also a recipient of the David Packard Award in 2009.", "sent8": "Brandl has also been a contributor to \"Sharkforum,\" a critical website concerning art and contributes to the renowned art critical podcast \"Bad at Sports\"", "sent9": "When well-educated, people will cultivate problem-solving, critical thinking, and communication skills to navigate the complex and competitive job market in the 21st century (Tran, 2023)", "sent10": "you might be thinking of the melody, but you might also be thinking of..", "sent11": "He shows David Filby, Dr", "sent12": "Prompt recognition of pertinent changes along with the skill of critical thinking allows the nurse to identify and prioritize appropriate interventions", "sent13": "Regarding \"Dénouement\", Jim Ferguson stated that the five original suites that make up the recording \"demonstrate [York's] exceptional compositional breadth, commanding instrumental abilities, and rich tone", "sent14": "One was Florence Scovel Shinn who believed that positive thinking could change people's material circumstances, and the other, Religious Science founder Ernest Holmes who taught that positive thinking could heal the body.", "sent15": "Created in 1992, the Order of David IV The Builder is also known as the David Agmashenebeli Order", "sent16": "David demonstrates exceptional critical thinking abilities", "sent17": "Students from academically stimulating environments often display advanced critical thinking skills", "sent18": "Although \"700 Miles of Desert\" was released to minimal critical acclaim, Borland's work has enjoyed an appreciative critical reception and a lasting fan base, with sites such as brittleheaven.com and renascent.co.uk providing an online outlet for information and sales", "sent19": "In 1930, the David Clarke Memorial Hall was opened in Borrisokane, dedicated to the memory of the town's then most prominent Landlord, David Clarke", "sent20": "The series attempts to encourage critical thinking and issue awareness by providing opposing views on contentious issues", "sent21": "That same year, David A", "sent22": "At the same time, humanistic concepts such as imagination and critical thinking, which cannot be tested by such methods, are disappearing from college curricula." }, "hypothesis": "David was raised in an intellectually stimulating environment.", "proof": "sent17 & sent16 -> David was raised in an intellectually stimulating environment.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The average rainfall in the district is and mainly resonates with the weather in Islamabad.", "sent2": "Climate of Qabala is warm-temperate with dry winters in low areas, cold and damp in high mountains and the annual precipitation is 500–600 mm in the south, and up to 1600 mm in the northern high mountains.", "sent3": "He often begins his 30-second weathercasts by saying, \"Let's get to the boards.\" His catchphrase when breaking for weather reports from local ABC stations is, \"That's the weather around the nation", "sent4": "The planet's mean atmospheric temperature is lower than Earth's due to the greater distance from the sun, although the greenhouse effect of its thicker atmosphere means that it is not as cold as our universe's Mars", "sent5": "The tramontane in France is a strong, dry cold wind from the north (on the Mediterranean) or from the northwest (in lower Languedoc, Roussillon, Catalonia and the Balearic Islands)", "sent6": "Before they died out in the cold a prime directive for all actions was programmed into the computer systems in case the Alliance would still exist: Protect Atlantis and conquer the Alliance", "sent7": "The door lock is jammed", "sent8": "Due to the unusually cool weather and the placement of the body under a bridge, the body was well preserved", "sent9": "The end of the stage is defined by the last magnetic pole reversal (781 ± 5 Ka) and plunge into an ice age and global drying possibly colder and drier than the late Miocene (Messinian) through early Pliocene (Zanclean) cold period", "sent10": "Skin can also become pale as a result of vasoconstriction as part of the body's homeostatic systems in cold conditions, or if the skin is deficient in vitamin D, as seen in people who spend most of the time indoors, away from sunlight.", "sent11": "The average length of the school term was about fifty days during the summer months since the school houses were not suitable for use in cold weather", "sent12": "When the Bukshah are free to roam, they make an annual pilgrimage to the mountain and keep the ice creepers under control, preventing the rise of a cold time.", "sent13": "Cold weather can cause metal contraction leading to jammed locks", "sent14": "The Mini-TES instruments aboard the MERs Opportunity and Spirit were never expected to survive the cold Martian winter even if the rovers themselves survived", "sent15": "Weather is influenced primarily by cold Canadian Arctic air in the winter, and warm, humid air from the Gulf of Mexico in the summer", "sent16": "The second regulator is used to modulate the final pressure to a point below what the CO2 tank can deliver when relatively cold (around 500–600 psi), or warm (900–1200 psi)", "sent17": "The cause of the accident is not clear, but a possible factor was the deteriorating weather on the day and he may have unsuccessfully tried to cross a mountain pass", "sent18": "Even if it is cold enough to form amorphous ice, crystalline ice will form if the flux of water vapor onto the substrate is less than a temperature-dependent critical flux", "sent19": "The earth that surrounds the indoor space serves as an effective insulator, keeping the inside of the structure warm in cold seasons and cool in hot seasons", "sent20": "The lighthouse suffered some weather damage during the winter of 1698 - 1699, and the light was often obscured by spray breaking over the top of the tower", "sent21": "Reviewing the book for \"The Sydney Morning Herald\", Jessie Tu wrote that Razer's \"amusing voice cuts through the somewhat parched tenor of cold academic-speak that lightly threads through the other essays\".", "sent22": "In 2015, billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk popularized an approach in which the cold planet Mars could be terraformed by the detonation of high-fusion-yielding thermonuclear devices over the mostly dry-ice icecaps on the planet" }, "hypothesis": "The weather is cold", "proof": "sent7 & sent13 -> The weather is cold", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 1493, "premise": "The man saw an empty parking spot.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The parking meter expired.", "choice2": "He parallel parked on the street.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 160, "premise": "The audience booed the comedian off the stage.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "He told a racist joke.", "choice2": "He entertained the audience.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "To meet FALCPA labeling requirements, if an ingredient is derived from one of the required-label allergens, then it must either have its \"food sourced name\" in parentheses, for example \"Casein (milk),\" or as an alternative, there must be a statement separate but adjacent to the ingredients list: \"Contains milk\" (and any other of the allergens with mandatory labeling)", "sent2": "It is illusion when we have either to get the best for ourselves or we have to die", "sent3": "From the moment Greeks started fighting with \"bronze shields and in the \"phalanx\",\" they must have regularly been drawn up in rank and file and not just crowded together", "sent4": "In particular, it must have removed a lot of the Dollis Hill Gravel in this area", "sent5": "It can be invasive in places where it is not native and caution must be taken when planting in these areas.", "sent6": "In 2004, a tomograph scan of the figurine showed a fingerprint of a child who must have handled it before it was fired", "sent7": "dub.\"); Trigg is explained in the separate article; East and West (Wivelshire) must have originally had a Cornish name but it is not recorded", "sent8": "Among the requirements, an individual must be eligible to receive an immigrant visa, and the individual must have an immigrant visa immediately available in order to adjust status.", "sent9": "The manner in which the city is mentioned by the prophets, now by itself, and again as standing for Edom, shows how important it must have been in their time.", "sent10": "must have relaxed his concentration on the signals for some unexplained reason, which may have been quite trivial, at any rate during the few seconds for which the Distant signal could have been seen from the engine at the speed he was running in a deceptive patch of denser fog", "sent11": "Generally it has been considered that it must have arisen sometime in the late Middle Ages, perhaps around 1300", "sent12": "However, Silvanus must have been a seasoned soldier and administrator, and he does seem to have harboured the notion that, as guardian of Saloninus, he should exercise real authority in Gaul", "sent13": "However, once it reaches the rat, it must remain with it for the aforementioned 60 seconds.", "sent14": "To enter into the honours program, students must have completed all required courses with no failures and have a cumulative average of at least 5.0", "sent15": "It must have held the record for being the most expensive book published in the Netherlands for a very long time.", "sent16": "His triple-tongued technique sounds as unconventional now, but in 1979 it must have sounded other worldly", "sent17": "He believed that in order to provide sound legal advice an attorney must have a working knowledge of other disciplines besides law: for instance, he would point out that a lawyer asked by a client to advise on setting up a company must have some knowledge of finance, accountancy, human resource management, etc., in addition to being familiar with the provisions of the Companies Act", "sent18": "But prior to that, during the time that it rose and fell and swirled around, the lake must have caused a lot of erosion", "sent19": "This means they must go to the clinic and have a lab blood draw done, typically once a month but more frequently if the level needs to be closely monitored until it is in the therapeutic range", "sent20": "Warm weather causes snow to fall.", "sent21": "Although it is possible for a woman to have an academic career, the few who do so face great difficulties and must engage in daily, petty struggles to gain privileges that are granted to men", "sent22": "There is snow outside" }, "hypothesis": "It must have warmed up.", "proof": "sent20 & sent22 -> It must have warmed up.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1210, "premise": "The parents allowed their children to watch the movie.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The movie was animated.", "choice2": "The movie was rated R.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Under normal conditions, calcite and aragonite are stable in surface waters since the carbonate ions are supersaturated with respect to seawater", "sent2": "After extensive testing and actual testimony given by the troops, it was concluded that the failures were caused by the heavy phosphate finish that were requested in the government contract, combined with the unique environmental conditions in Iraq", "sent3": "The crystalline ice near the tiger stripes could be explained by higher temperatures caused by geological activity that is the suspected cause of the cracks", "sent4": "These stories cycle through social media, and include \"poisoned Halloween candy, suicide-inducing online games, Satanists, caravans of diseased migrants, evil clowns, and many others.\" Other childhood diseases such as chickenpox and measles in years before vaccines to prevent these illnesses, some parents would hold 'pox parties' which Radford claims are still \"often promoted by anti-vaccination groups\"", "sent5": "Primary immunodeficiencies are caused by a mutation or series of mutations to the genome", "sent6": "Billy, who is startled by flickering lights in a diner and is deathly afraid of the dark, tells her that he believes their night terrors are caused by something otherworldly", "sent7": "Employers may put pressure on a union by declaring a lockout, a work stoppage in which an employer prevents employees from working until certain conditions are met", "sent8": "Generally, moving bottlenecks are caused by heavy trucks as they are slow moving vehicles with less acceleration and also may make lane changes.7", "sent9": "It is most often caused by \"Leishmania braziliensis\", but cases caused by \"L", "sent10": "Fretting is caused by adhesion of contact surface asperities, which are subsequently broken again by the small movement", "sent11": "There are many kinds of warung, some take the form of a small shop that sells cold bottled drinks, candy, cigarettes, snacks, \"krupuk\" and other daily necessities, while the larger ones are small restaurant establishments", "sent12": "It is important to note that these conditions exist outside of hypertensive emergency, in that patients diagnosed with these conditions are at increased risk of hypertensive emergencies or end organ failure.", "sent13": "This reaction can be accelerated by acidic conditions, which make the carbonyl more electrophilic, or basic conditions, which provide a more anionic and therefore more reactive nucleophile", "sent14": "In the same debate, Prabowo claimed that terrorist attacks in Indonesia were caused by poverty and perpetrated by non-Muslims disguised as Muslims, sent by other countries and controlled by foreigners", "sent15": "Attrition is a similar effect caused by eroded particles after they fall to the sea bed where they are subjected to further wave action", "sent16": "Dental conditions are caused by excessive candy consumption.", "sent17": "Flow conditions are considered \"free\" when less than 12 vehicles per mile per lane are on a road", "sent18": "However, he is subsequently driven away by her coldness, which is later revealed to be caused by his initial hesitation to enter the cart", "sent19": "Substances that have high sugar content can cause dental decay.", "sent20": "The fine Ship built to high standards in Scotland by a notable shipbuilder, was destroyed in a matter of minutes by extreme storm conditions", "sent21": "His father played semi-professional football but an injury caused by a torn ligament caused him to retire", "sent22": "Outwash sediments, sediment from Canada, and muck/peat-filled bogs caused by the glaciers are accessible by the several miles of hiking trails" }, "hypothesis": "The high sugar content in candy is found.", "proof": "sent19 & sent16 -> The high sugar content in candy is found.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Tatakamotonga has a government primary school in the northwestern part of the village and a high school run by the Wesleyan church (Tapunisiliva, eastern branch of Tupou high school) in the north-east", "sent2": "The first phase has a relatively high intensity and a high pitch (measured as F0), whereas the second phase sees a drop in intensity and pitch.", "sent3": "Users adapt to new technologies quicker if they have easy to use interface.", "sent4": "Like other offline readers, QWK gathered up messages for a particular user using BBS-side QWK software, compressed them using an application such as PKZIP, and then transferred them to the user", "sent5": "Western Canada High School is a public high school in Calgary, Alberta that has operated since 1929", "sent6": "The 2019 high school rankings from Niche listed Walls as the best public high school in the District of Columbia and the 36th best public magnet high school in the United States.", "sent7": "Because of changes in adoption over the last few decades – changes that include open adoption, gay adoption, international adoptions and trans-racial (racial transformation) adoptions, and a focus on moving children out of the foster care system into adoptive families – adoption has had a large impact on the basic unit of society and the family", "sent8": "Tech company X has high user adoption rates.", "sent9": "It was created in 2002 and since then has won 15 Toronto Star high school newspaper awards", "sent10": "The company has no current roster and has been dormant since 2014.", "sent11": "The company has been controlled by Fininvest, Silvio Berlusconi's family holding company since 1991", "sent12": "in 1959 and listing in friendship trading company with China in 1962, the company developed into an all-round trading company with business mainly with socialist countries", "sent13": "These decades of economic prosperity combined high productivity with high average wages and high consumption, and were also characterized by a highly developed system of social benefits", "sent14": "The company has around 200 employees worldwide, around 150 in Vienna", "sent15": "The public sector has more than fifteen primary and junior high schools and three major senior high schools", "sent16": "Martingrove has a history of participation in the high school quiz program \"Reach for the Top\"", "sent17": "She has also formed her own film-production company and has expressed an interest in directing in the future.", "sent18": "Once the resulting file has been received by the user, the steps are reversed to extract the files from the archive and then open them in a client-side reader", "sent19": "Nevertheless, it is a powerful technique and capable of producing high thrust, but this high thrust has a high energy cost when applied by sub-optimal fins and to high-drag scuba diving equipment, so it is often only used for short bursts by scuba divers", "sent20": "The user may set the noise level between 0 and 1000; an outline that has fewer pixels than that setting is discarded.", "sent21": "Diffusion rates are high leading to high shrinkage and densification", "sent22": "The system as a whole supports user preferences, themes, user permissions, multi-language support and user groups" }, "hypothesis": "Tech Company X is focused on user-centered design", "proof": "sent3 & sent8 -> Tech Company X is focused on user-centered design", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Maayan – for better and for worse hales for the concrete", "sent2": "Teachers have recently acquired several boxes of chalk", "sent3": "The film was nominated for Golden Lion for Best Film and Volpi Cup for best actress for Aunor", "sent4": "For example, Snyder developed and patented a then-novel design for a compact oven intended for use by commercial clients in the shopping, amusements, entertainment, and sport sectors.", "sent5": "It was never carried out due to concerns for the native populations and the fact that there was little potential use for the harbor to justify its risk and expense", "sent6": "The Southern blot is used for DNA analysis and was routinely used for genetic fingerprinting and paternity testing prior to the development of microsatellite markers for this purpose", "sent7": "These fins are efficient for propulsion, but ineffective for maneuvering, and divers who need to maneuver with precision must use fins which sacrifice efficiency for the ability to perform the maneuvering strokes.", "sent8": "The King Features, the Creators' and the Chicago Tribune syndicates use nine panels (with only one used for the title), while United Features and Universal Press' half-page Sunday strips (most of them use a third-page format instead) use two panels for the title (except for Jim Davis' \"U.S", "sent9": "Three boundary commissions were appointed in late 1884, one for England and Wales, one for Scotland and one for Ireland", "sent10": "The equivalent figures for adult females are for shoulder height, for head-body length, and just for weight", "sent11": "A second round of new TLD assignments was conducted with new applications, and only for sponsored domains (generally intended for use by limited communities and run by nonprofit entities)", "sent12": "However, the increase in population resulted in higher demand for entertainment, and the town hall was unable to cope with increasing demand for the use of the building for both entertainment and as administrative purposes, thus by 1893, the offices was moved out of the building.", "sent13": "The Gummanz Chalk Museum (\"Kreidemuseum Gummanz\"), the only chalk museum in Europe, lies not far from Sassnitz near Sagard on the terrain of an old chalk pit, worked from 1855 to 1962, and uses an open-air area with original implements as well as photographic and textual information boards, that describe the geological relationships, the mining and working of chalk on Rügen", "sent14": "Score 1 point per trick and deduct 1 for , 2 for , 3 for and 4 for ", "sent15": "As long as a page is coded for meaning, it is possible for alternative browsers to present that meaning in ways that are optimized for the abilities of individual users and thus facilitate the use by disabled users.", "sent16": "For decades, the Saginaw River has been reclaimed for recreational use and the cities have been re-establishing ties to the river for residents", "sent17": "There are 2 main versions for PC use, one for DOS named \"Z\" and another one for Windows 95 named \"Z 95\" & Expansion (that give Zeditor and Extension pack with additional challenging levels from 20 to 35", "sent18": "it remained in use for worship until 1984, when it was converted first for commercial use and in 2006 as a private residence.", "sent19": "Teachers use markers for whiteboards and chalk for blackboards", "sent20": "In the group rounds, there are three points awarded for a win, two for a draw, and one for a loss", "sent21": "The humidity indicator card is also specified for use in J-STD-033, which is the standard for handling, packing, shipping and use of moisture/reflow sensitive surface-mount devices", "sent22": "It is given to regular citizens, military and clerical personnel for outstanding contributions to the country, for fighting for the independence of Georgia and its revival, and for significantly contributing to social consolidation and the development of democracy." }, "hypothesis": "Teachers are using a writing device.", "proof": "sent19 & sent2 -> Teachers are using a writing device.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 1454, "premise": "The boy had someone to play with.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "His brother took his toys from him.", "choice2": "He shared his toys with his brother.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Reticular connective tissue is a type of connective tissue with a network of reticular fibers, made of type III collagen (\"reticulum\" = net or network)", "sent2": "A wavefront arbiter is an example of a synchronous arbiter that is present in one type of large network switch.", "sent3": "There is also evidence of an Iron Age promontory camp, with a bank and ditch to the east and a bank to the west", "sent4": "There is a brick screen wall to the north end of building to screen the entry to men's toilets.", "sent5": "For example, \"Ascaris\" is the name of a type of helminth, and ascariasis is the name of the infection caused by that helminth.", "sent6": "The plant is grown for ornamental purposes, in part because of the distal end of the fruit's resemblance to a human breast, while the proximal end looks like a cow's udder", "sent7": "There is no way to prevent type 1 diabetes; however, the development of diabetes symptoms can be delayed in some people who are at high risk of developing the disease", "sent8": "It was chosen due to its iconic representation of Israeli wildlife, as well as for the resemblance of its rounded horn to a Roman arch, representing local archaeological history", "sent9": "Ammanai () is a type of Tamil poetry belonging to the family of \"Tharavu kochchaga kalippa\"", "sent10": "It is linked to the autoimmune aspect of type 1 diabetics and fails to occur in type 2 diabetics", "sent11": "There is also a rumor that there is a cult of some sort in the woods surrounding the bridge", "sent12": "There also is a version which has a cook-and-stir function, that is called \"Cooking Chef\" but has the bowl size of a Major type machine.", "sent13": "This type of clock gating is race condition free and is preferred for FPGAs designs and for clock gating of the small circuit", "sent14": "Rule of man (where \"man\" is used in a genderless manner) is a type of \"personal rule\" in an unaccountable rebounded society where rules change from ruler to ruler", "sent15": "There is a fairly large member of the weasel family, the tayra, which is called a cadejo, and is cited as a possible source of the legend.", "sent16": "It is a type of pox party where the intentional spread of disease is chosen to build up post-infection immunity", "sent17": "The frog goes through a transformation.", "sent18": "This is a list of the districts of England, a type of country subdivision governed by a local authority, that cover all of England", "sent19": "The Sacred Stupa is a stupa of Tibetan Buddhism, and it is an example of the first type of stupa after Buddhism was brought from India to China", "sent20": "The type strain is a living culture to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached", "sent21": "According to the number of cave openings, the yaodongs can be further classified into the three-hole type, two-hole type, and single hole type", "sent22": "Every amphibians undergo metamorphosis" }, "hypothesis": "There is a resemblance to a type of Amphibian.", "proof": "sent22 & sent17 -> There is a resemblance to a type of Amphibian.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 414, "premise": "The woman resigned from her job.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She aspired to hold an executive position in the firm.", "choice2": "She believed her superiors were acting unethically.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1380, "premise": "The woman was not arrested by police.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The woman escaped.", "choice2": "The woman waved.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "He was on the inaugural roster for the BC Lions in 1954, and played for the team for two seasons", "sent2": "Later that evening, Robert looks for flats for the three of them and Joanie mentions that The Mill is up for auction", "sent3": "He was known for his work for deciphering the process of olefin metathesis for which he was awarded the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Robert H", "sent4": "The complex includes the mosque, a mausoleum for Hatice Turhan, a private pavilion for the sultan and the royal family, and a covered market known as the Egyptian Market (\"Mısır Çarşısı\"; known today as the Spice Bazaar)", "sent5": "In the group rounds, there are three points awarded for a win, two for a draw, and one for a loss", "sent6": "He is best known for the theme tune of the NOS Studio Sport program and for compositions for ‘Van Kooten en de Bie’.", "sent7": "The film was nominated for Golden Lion for Best Film and Volpi Cup for best actress for Aunor", "sent8": "Three boundary commissions were appointed in late 1884, one for England and Wales, one for Scotland and one for Ireland", "sent9": "StarBrewers, Sweet-Defections, and Morning Eats are all in the same building.", "sent10": "\"Balcoracania\" and \"Emuella\" are the only known genera of the distinctive Redlichiina family Emuellidae, known for possessing the greatest number of thoracic segments known for Trilobita as a whole (a record of 103 in one \"Balcoracania\" specimen), and so far entirely restricted to Australia and Antarctica.", "sent11": "It is given to regular citizens, military and clerical personnel for outstanding contributions to the country, for fighting for the independence of Georgia and its revival, and for significantly contributing to social consolidation and the development of democracy.", "sent12": "Westphalia is mainly noted for its historic church and convents, but also for its meat market and for its annual church picnic, which is one of the largest in the area", "sent13": "It is common for a developed country to support a national facility for neutron scattering and one for X-ray scattering", "sent14": "Mark frequents Morning Eats", "sent15": "Starbuck has a natural talent for flying and is considered Galactica's best pilot, although she also is known for being an avid card player and drinker as well as for an eruptive temper", "sent16": "Score 1 point per trick and deduct 1 for , 2 for , 3 for and 4 for ", "sent17": "This model is suitable for intervention studies or for the search for predictive biomarkers", "sent18": "In 1994, she won the Best Actress in a Single Performance award from Star Awards for Television (Philippine Movie Press Club)for her performance i \"Spotlight\" for the episode: \"Good Morning, Ma'am\"", "sent19": "The equivalent figures for adult females are for shoulder height, for head-body length, and just for weight", "sent20": "Maayan – for better and for worse hales for the concrete", "sent21": "Notable alumni of the paper include Thomas Haskell, known as Cap'n Haskell, who covered marine news for the Eastern Argus newspaper from 1857 to 1920 until it merged with the \"Portland Press\" and stayed with the paper until three months prior to his death in 1928; May Craig, who was Washington correspondent from 1935 to 1965; sportswriter Steve Buckley, who later joined the \"Boston Herald\"; Steve Riley, who served as managing editor of the \"Press Herald\" before leaving in the mid-1980s to become editor of the \"Central Maine Morning Sentinel;\" and Marjorie Standish, who wrote a food column for the \"Maine Sunday Telegram\" for 25 years", "sent22": "StarBrews is known for specialty coffees, Sweet Delights for pastries, and Morning Eats for hearty breakfasts", "sent23": "The numbers are suffixed with -S for Satellite, -T for Terrestrial and -C for Cable:" }, "hypothesis": "Mark prefers a substantial morning meal.", "proof": "sent9 & sent22 & sent14 -> Mark prefers a substantial morning meal.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The hot stamps and the inlays of the chips are what determine their value so it is very critical to ensure that these are not severely damaged while handling them", "sent2": "All of RCBC's art programs are located on this campus.", "sent3": "All the men are dwarves, although the women are of a normal height", "sent4": "All subjects are taught in English, with the exception of Physical Education and Spanish.", "sent5": "All skilled programmers are critical thinkers", "sent6": "All six types are specified to have a minimum elongation of 30%.", "sent7": "All talks are open to the public.", "sent8": "All the others, including Thornbridge Hall and the parish church, are Grade II.", "sent9": "They are renowned for their changing faces; as such, they are skilled as spies", "sent10": "Mahbubani was selected as one of \"Foreign Policy\" Top 100 Global Thinkers in 2010 and 2011 and one of \"Prospect\"s top 50 world thinkers in 2014.", "sent11": "All of their CDs are considered rare, and are all out of print.", "sent12": "While most compliment their subjects, some are critical of bad habits, and a few women are even treated as pariahs, perhaps having fallen out of favour with the list's authors, who are never revealed.", "sent13": "Sarah's thinking abilities include critical thinking and problem-solving.", "sent14": "All boaters are required to wear life jackets that are approved by the United States Coast Guard.", "sent15": "All episodes are approximately forty-three minutes, excluding commercials, and are broadcast in both high-definition and standard", "sent16": "All materials are reflective, to improve visibility on the road", "sent17": "All included simulators are fully patched to the latest versions.", "sent18": "All of her best friends are models for her company too", "sent19": "According to UK nurse Helen Ballantyne, care plans are a critical aspect of nursing and they are meant to allow standardised, evidence-based holistic care", "sent20": "All shops are staffed by volunteers and Shaw Trust staff", "sent21": "Several schools of thought and 'social clinical' practise belong to this tradition, all of which are critical of the experimental and expert mindset of social psychology", "sent22": "All applicants are initially considered for refugee status" }, "hypothesis": "Sarah is a talented programmer.", "proof": "sent5 & sent13 -> Sarah is a talented programmer.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "That movement increased the list to port and the increased list caused more sliding", "sent2": "The result is an increased barley yield and an increased volume of organic material for the earthworms", "sent3": "When the density increased further to include one local job per 2 residents, delays increased respectively by 139%, 90% and 71% for the conventional, traditional, and fused grid", "sent4": "Use of the line increased until 1943, when the end of gas rationing and the increased use of automobiles caused a slow decline in passenger traffic", "sent5": "Davalos also appeared as the superhuman Gwen Raiden in three episodes of the TV show \"Angel\" and in 2005 co-starred in the Fox show \"Reunion\"", "sent6": "Recently, the number of cattle has increased to 64785 and the number of sheep and goats has increased to 135861", "sent7": "The show was prepared for broadcast, but Barrymore didn't show up, and the program was immediately canceled", "sent8": "The increased manpower and financial resources increased the scale, and allowed the diversification of warfare", "sent9": "Older-style vertical seawalls reflected all the energy of the waves back out to sea, and for this purpose were often given recurved crest walls which increased local turbulence, and thus increased entrainment of sand and sediment", "sent10": "The Cherokee tribe began to become divided; as intermarriage between white men and native women increased and there was increased adoption of European culture, so did racial discrimination against those of African-Cherokee blood and against African slaves", "sent11": "Because of this, there was speculation the show might not survive, but attendance increased for the 2013 show", "sent12": "For these reasons, the funeral and burial take place very soon after death and unnecessary delays are avoided.", "sent13": "Some faculty at WVU expressed disappointment about Huggins's comments and outrage regarding increased use of homophobic slurs among the student body as a show of support for Huggins", "sent14": "In June 2010, Madhavan made a comeback to the game show format by accepting a contract with Imagine TV's Big Money show, signing on to host a single season, and then hosted an episode of the crime show Savdhaan India in January 2016", "sent15": "Inadequate investment in infrastructure may result in transportation inefficiencies", "sent16": "Statistics from the 1940s and 1950s are unreliable, but researchers generally estimate that about 20% of the babies born to unmarried white American women were put up for adoption before the 1970s, and that this number declined steeply in the 1970s and 1980s", "sent17": "In the heart, increased arterial stiffness, increased systolic blood pressure, and widened pulse pressures, all resulting from chronic hypertension, can cause significant damage", "sent18": "Statistics show increased delays and congestion.", "sent19": "Relying solely on advertising sales was an unusual and potentially risky move, but allowed for a massively increased print run, increased pagination and higher production quality", "sent20": "On the other hand, sudden or rapid rises in blood pressure may cause hyperperfusion and increased cerebral blood flow, causing increased intracranial pressure and cerebral edema, with increased risk of intracranial bleeding.", "sent21": "Data from Statistics Canada's Participation and Activity Limitation Survey (PALS) show that, in 2006, one in four unemployed persons with a disability and one in eight persons with a disability who are not in the workforce believe that, in the past five years, they've been refused a job because of their disability", "sent22": "The social element Ping was also removed and replaced by increased Twitter and Facebook integration" }, "hypothesis": "there has been insufficient funding for road and transit improvements.", "proof": "sent15 & sent18 -> there has been insufficient funding for road and transit improvements.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1031, "premise": "The woman trembled.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She was nervous.", "choice2": "She was in a good mood.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1336, "premise": "The rider ran at full speed.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The bull chased the rider.", "choice2": "The bull bucked the rider.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "After an incident in which he ripped a clock off a wall in Parliament House and threw it across the room in a rage, he was unofficially known as \"The Strangler\".", "sent2": "The Residenz is the largest city palace in Germany and is today open to visitors for its architecture, room decorations, and displays from the former royal collections", "sent3": "The Schindler House was a departure from existing residential architecture because of what it did not have; there is no conventional living room, dining room or bedrooms in the house", "sent4": "The new tower's ground floor room became the parish's vestry room, and later (in the 20th century) a robing room for the clergy, and in the deep brick chamber beneath it are interred the ashes of the novelist Dorothy L Sayers, who was a longtime Churchwarden of the parish and member of the St", "sent5": "Guests often leave rooms messy after parties", "sent6": "When the ceremony is over, Idle calls Godfrey back into the room and tells him that the demon has dropped his chain in the garden", "sent7": "These two buildings are situated at the north end of the parking lot; the men's rest room is noted for its placement relative to the rock outcroppings and the women's rest room was modified by the WPA in 1941", "sent8": "In 2015, one of the buildings in the El Dorado Center expanded to include a student lounge, a club room, a multi-purpose room, and more office space", "sent9": "The room is in disarray", "sent10": "The character is only referred by his given name in the series, which is always written in katakana in Japanese", "sent11": "The main library soon outgrew the five room space in the Searcy House and was relocated to the historic Jemison House in 1958", "sent12": "At 25,000 square feet, the tasting room is billed as the largest beer tasting room in San Diego County", "sent13": "Cardinal McRory stated 'There is no room any longer for any doubts as to the issue at stake in the Spanish conflict…It is a question of whether Spain will remain as she has been so long, a Christian and Catholic land, or a Bolshevist and anti-God one.' Many local government County Councils passed resolutions in support, starting with Clonmel on 21 August.", "sent14": "The forward engine room held the two turbines for the wing shafts, the middle compartment housed the turbines for the port inner shaft and the aft engine room contained the turbines for the starboard inner shaft", "sent15": "\"Broadway\" was written while Miller was in a hotel room in New York City during their courtship with Elektra Records Miller felt very out of place, saying \"As I stood in that tiny room, I did the math", "sent16": "Meals were a formal affair, with the family assembling in the dining room and the food brought from the kitchen by a uniformed maid.", "sent17": "the Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha Mosque) and in several rooms at Topkapı Palace, such as the tiles adorning the mihrab of the prayer room of the Black Eunuchs.", "sent18": "Irsay had first gone to the press box to inform Thomas that he was the new head coach and then to the locker room to announce the coaching change to the Colts players before finally breaking the news to Schnellenberger in a heated discussion in the coaches office.", "sent19": "Carlton then walks into the changing room on the day of the game and offers the players, a spiked glass of champagne and a chance to bury the hatchet with a pre-match toast \"to an easy win today and more victories in 1987\"", "sent20": "Pendeen was one of the first Trinity House lighthouses to be equipped with an incandescent light bulb: 'in order to obviate a watch being kept during fog both in the engine room and the lantern, electric light has been introduced in place of the petroleum-vapour lamps and the apparatus in the lantern made automatic'", "sent21": "The building was renovated by the decorator Santiago Marco, transforming the throne room into the session chamber, and on the facade the Bourbon coat of arms was replaced by the Blazon of Catalonia", "sent22": "In \"Teen Titans\" #66 it is revealed that he is the father of Wendy Harris, when he visits Wendy, who is comatose, in her hospital room" }, "hypothesis": "A gathering was possible here.", "proof": "sent9 & sent5 -> A gathering was possible here.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 1, "premise": "My body cast a shadow over the grass.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The grass was cut.", "choice2": "The sun was rising.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The clinician will then aim to help the patient order the importance of their goals and point out the current behaviors that get in the way of achieving their new goal or \"develop discrepancy\" between their current and desired behaviors", "sent2": "Caranus and his colleagues were successful in achieving their objective by defeating and slaying Satibarzanes in the winter of 330 BC", "sent3": "Sarah has launched various businesses.", "sent4": "He scored seven goals in the newly formed Premier League in the 1992–93 season, including two in a 3–2 win over Liverpool at Anfield, and nine goals in 1993–94 – when Wimbledon finished a club best sixth in the final table.", "sent5": "All of their CDs are considered rare, and are all out of print.", "sent6": "Now General Rogers has given me a new faith in that at least some people in the power structure are willing to listen.\" Rogers became known as one of the brightest thinkers in the army after he shared his innovative ways of dealing with disciplinary, racial, drugs and other problems at the annual Army Commanders Conference on November 30, 1970.", "sent7": "He was educated in Pune and London, and worked at All India Radio until his death", "sent8": "All houses are named after people who were important to the school such as former Headmasters/Headmistresses or substantial donors, and are paired in brother-sister groups", "sent9": "On completing his degree in 1962, he won a scholarship to study at the new and innovative Institute of Sociology at the University of Trento, where he became absorbed in existential philosophy", "sent10": "She began her career as a journalist in Charlottetown and Halifax, occasionally performing her comedic songs at coffeehouse nights, and began pursuing music and theatre more actively after moving to Toronto in 1970.", "sent11": "His 67 goal season and 69 single season goals (regular and post-season) were a record until former Johnstown Chiefs forward Mark Green eclipsed the totals with 68 goals in the regular season and 70 single season goals in 1991–92.", "sent12": "He scored seven goals in 35 games in 1986–87 and scored four goals in 11 games in 1987–88", "sent13": "Additionally, young entrepreneurs in developing countries have joined the WiderNet Project's Field Associate program, offering on-site installation and training in their countries.", "sent14": "The persistent problem led to the merger of Thaddeus Stevens Elementary School and Francis Junior High School in 2008 and then the decision to close Francis-Stevens Education Campus in 2014.", "sent15": "In the non-neoclassical view, discrimination is the main source of inequality in the labor market and is seen in the persistent gender and racial earnings disparity in the U.S", "sent16": "In 1960, Torun was awarded a gold medal at the 1960 Milan Triennale and also won the American Lunning Prize for design, given annually to innovative Scandinavian designers in their thirties", "sent17": "Kerry scored two early goals, but Cavan settled and goals from Joe Stafford and Mick Higgins meant they led by a point at half-time", "sent18": "All districts are tabulated below with their postcodes, areas and populations at the 2010 census and the 2020 census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2022", "sent19": "All successful entrepreneurs are innovative, persistent in pursuing their goals, and adept at risk-taking", "sent20": "All in all, over those three seasons he helped his team, scoring 14 goals in 67 league matches.", "sent21": "After scoring just 4 goals with the Blackhawks, Thomas had 10 goals in the final 12 games of the season with the Ducks and added 4 more goals in the postseason as his team made it to their first Stanley Cup Finals", "sent22": "He was the league's top scorer in 1949 with 30 goals and again in 1950 with 25 goals" }, "hypothesis": "She might be an accomplishedentrepreneur.", "proof": "sent19 & sent3 -> She might be an accomplishedentrepreneur.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1459, "premise": "The man felt refreshed.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "He took a nap.", "choice2": "He ran a marathon.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1198, "premise": "The room became bright.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "I lit a candle.", "choice2": "I burnt my dinner.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Accompanying Howlin' Wolf on vocals are Otis Spann on piano, Hubert Sumlin on guitar, Willie Dixon on double bass, and Fred Below on drums", "sent2": "Thomas is in the classes.", "sent3": "It was released in Japan, on December 15, 2005, in North America on February 14, 2006, in Australia on March 30, 2006, and in Europe on March 31, 2006", "sent4": "The first single \"The Night\" was released on iTunes in Australia and New Zealand on 4 February 2008, with a music video for the song being posted up on YouTube on 26 February", "sent5": "In 1980, the band promoted the song with a music video featuring Schmit on bass guitar accompanied by Frey on the electric piano, although Frey recorded the guitar solos on the recording, with Henley on drums, Don Felder on electric guitar, Joe Walsh on organ and Walsh's touring sideman Joe Vitale on ARP string synthesizer", "sent6": "\"Muv-Luv\" was released on February 28, 2003, on Windows CD-ROM, and re-released on DVD-ROM on April 30, 2004", "sent7": "It is then weighed by sworn weighers (this weight is marked on the bale and recorded and is the basis on which buyers are invoiced), and then core sampled", "sent8": "The neighborhood is bordered on the north by South Street, on the south by Washington Avenue, on the west by the Schuylkill River, and on the east by Broad Street.", "sent9": "This district is bound by the plains of Pandhurna district and Nagpur district (in Maharashtra State) on the south, Narmadapuram and Narsinghpur districts on the north, Betul district on the west and Seoni district on the east.", "sent10": "In the East it bordered on Sudovia, in the North-West on river Minija, in the West on the Curonian Lagoon and in the South-West on river Gilija", "sent11": "The second stage opened on October 16, 2005, the third on November 20, 2005, the fourth on January 2, 2006, and the fifth on January 27, 2008.", "sent12": "The district is bounded on the north by Uttar Pradesh, on the east and southeast by Sidhi, on the south by Shahdol, and on the west by Satna", "sent13": "The CDP border follows Prospect Street and Carter Lane on the north side, Old Turnpike Road on the east, Mulberry Street on the south, and Atwater Street and Interstate 84 on the west", "sent14": "However, the band's lineup changed significantly before eventually settling on Mattias Alkberg on vocals and guitar, Jari Haapalainen on guitar, Peter Nuottaniemi on bass, on drums, and Calle Olsson on keyboards", "sent15": "This lineup featured Potts and Chip Chapman on electronics, Vetza on vocals, Rick Potts on mandolin, Dennis Duck on saxophone, Juan Gomez on bass, and Tom Recchion on drums", "sent16": "The shops on the street level included the Pharmacy on the corner and the Rhinelander Florist on the Madison Avenue side.", "sent17": "Maintenance on the original railroad maintenance shops and other buildings at Rockhill Furnace and on unused equipment was neglected as employees focused the limited manpower on operating the train and maintaining core facilities", "sent18": "Dewas tehsil is situated on the north-western part of the district, Sonkatch on the north-eastern part, Bagli on the south, Kannod on the south-central part and Khategaon on the South-east", "sent19": "His contract was extended on 29 May 2007, on 26 May 2008, on 12 May 2009, and on 29 June 2010.", "sent20": "Pilates focuses on core strength, Zumba on dance-based workouts, and CrossFit on high-intensity exercises", "sent21": "It is bordered on the east by Sakti district, on the north by Korba district, on the west by Bilaspur district and on the south by Baloda Bazar district", "sent22": "It is bounded on the north by Sagar and Damoh districts, on the east by Jabalpur District, on the southeast by Seoni District, on the south by Chhindwara District, on the west by Hoshangabad District, and on the northwest by Raisen District" }, "hypothesis": "Thomas is after the most intense workouts.", "proof": "sent20 & sent2 -> Thomas is after the most intense workouts.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 90, "premise": "The boy read the novel aloud to his grandfather.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "His grandfather was deaf.", "choice2": "His grandfather was blind.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Harvest seasons can be indicated by ripening fruit and increased agricultural activity.", "sent2": "Through ploughing, pottery has been brought to the surface of the earth, which has been collected through archaeological survey.", "sent3": "It has been renovated and remodeled over the years, but it has remained one of the main cornerstones of the West Virginia University community and has often been the building where new programs that have moved campus-wide have been instituted.", "sent4": "The winner is the player who has scored the most points in the time allotted.", "sent5": "The complete Waste Watch program has been in operation since July 1, 2002 and the recycling program has been in use since July 1, 2000", "sent6": "Through its history the mosque has been demolished or destroyed few times, but each time it has been rebuilt, most recently in 2009", "sent7": "The tournament has been mainly played in Tokyo throughout its long run but has also been staged in other cities such as Osaka in 1933, 1935, 1937, 1939", "sent8": "The Robinson Rams boys' tennis team has been the dominant team in Virginia's Northern Region for an extended time", "sent9": "One alternative to disrupting the harvest was to ravage the countryside by uprooting trees, burning houses and crops and killing all who were not safe behind the walls of the city", "sent10": "It is used to express an action that has been finished completely or incompletely at the time of speech, or at some (possibly unknown) time in the past", "sent11": "The proposal has since been reintroduced several times, but has not been approved by majorities in either house of the United States Congress.", "sent12": "However, in recent years, the subject matter has been changed so that proficiency in both Latin and Greek languages is no longer required and the number of papers in the exam has been reduced, along with an extension in the time allowed to finish.", "sent13": "The 5th line means a quill from the bird that has not been plucked and exposed to air for a long time", "sent14": "Farmers are engaging in increased agricultural activities.", "sent15": "Although the New Zealand geologic time scale has not been formally adopted, it has been widely used by earth scientists, geologists and palaeontologists in New Zealand since J", "sent16": "The rest of the Soviet Union, where people barely survive, has been separated by a Berlin type of wall from the \"paradise\" of Moscow, where communism has been realized", "sent17": "The recommended harvest time is in June, but in Somalia nowadays the harvest is reported to occur twice a year", "sent18": "The song has become a standard and has been covered by numerous bands and artists over the years.", "sent19": "The timing had to be very carefully arranged so that the invaders' enemy's harvest would be disrupted but the invaders' harvest would not be affected", "sent20": "The book's plot is set in the near future at a time when cloning has been legalised in the U.S", "sent21": "The main purpose of the Austrian military, since then, has been the protection of Austria's neutrality.", "sent22": "The red in uniforms of the past has been mostly replaced by silver, or no accent color has been added" }, "hypothesis": "The harvest time has been coming.", "proof": "sent1 & sent14 -> The harvest time has been coming.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "In order to prevent a change in color to green tea ice cream (catechin) from sunlight, some containers have lids with an opaque underside", "sent2": "The song was released as the second single to the \"Weathered\" album, and was the follow-up to the bands highly successful lead single \"My Sacrifice\"", "sent3": "The H-back often has to be versatile; as a backfield member, they can be lined up to act as a lead blocker on running plays", "sent4": "In order to avoid the wind and utilize sunlight and water, most yaodongs are distributed along the sides of the cliffs and valleys to conform to the terrain – in principle, forming three types of Yaodong.", "sent5": "According to Aristobulus he was conscious of his deficiency in military skill, and wished to cede the command to the three Macedonian officers who were acting under him (Caranus, Menedemus and Andromachus), but they refused to accept it.", "sent6": "Inadequate exposure to sunlight can lead to Vitamin D deficiency", "sent7": "When speaking of the tuning in an interview, Frampton said, \"The low E and A strings drop down to D, the fourth string remains unchanged, the third string goes up to A, the second string up to D, and the first string up to F , so there's a D triad on top and three Ds on the bottom", "sent8": "Due to the exposure of Patalkot's herbal remedies and plants to the outside world, the eco-balance of the valley is in question", "sent9": "\"The Ants\" are a tribe of farmers which appears to consist of the more timid survivors who were in need of someone to lead them and give them a purpose", "sent10": "Usually global and pluralistic in scope, it can include a general education curriculum which provides broad exposure to multiple disciplines and learning strategies in addition to in-depth study in at least one academic area.", "sent11": "David has a low level of Vitamin D.", "sent12": "Its exposure continues southward in a similar relationship to the Jurassic ridge, to the west of Peterborough", "sent13": "Phos-Chek is produced in several colors, including off-white, red iron oxide, and a \"fugitive\" mixture that is red when dispersed but gradually fades to an earth-tone when exposed to sunlight", "sent14": "Recently, Chinese critics have argued that limited exposure to Western culture led May Fourth writers to eventually transition to the Japanese I-novel with which they had direct contact.", "sent15": "It is classified as a semi-sciophyte with high tolerance to shade conditions but with a requirement of direct exposure to sunlight in order to complete its life cycle, in particular due to its effect on flower and fruit production", "sent16": "Unlike others, however, Segui had a doctor's prescription for HGH to counter a deficiency he had been diagnosed with, and had previously admitted to using them.", "sent17": "Photosensitizers that are readily incorporated into the external tissues can increase the rate at which reactive oxygen species are generated upon exposure to UV light (such as UV-containing sunlight)", "sent18": "3 miners who entered the mine to help with rescue efforts were killed from exposure to gasses.", "sent19": "During summer when light intensity is at maximum strength, they tend to choose positions on branches that do not have all-day exposure to sunlight", "sent20": "Due to bringing too much exposure to the Romani community of Spokane, Marks was deemed \"marime\" by the community and therefore an outcast", "sent21": "The aim of the scheme is to provide local students with exposure to authentic English language and to cultural enrichment", "sent22": "An onboarding process can take up to 18 months to complete before training" }, "hypothesis": "David has spent most of his time indoors.", "proof": "sent6 & sent11 -> David has spent most of his time indoors.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "So whenever it might be investigated after its twin had been measured, it would necessarily show up in the opposite state to whatever its twin had revealed.", "sent2": "There is a cold air before a storm.", "sent3": "In fact, it might be said its greatest impact was on art and literature: it was a major inspiration for the Romantic movement.", "sent4": "you might be thinking of the melody, but you might also be thinking of..", "sent5": "The Videosphere also has a chain handle on its top, allowing it to come off its stand and be hung from a wall or ceiling to be seen from anywhere in a room", "sent6": "The screen was on wheels, so any given day it might be in place or not, depending on the batting strength of the opposing team.", "sent7": "Slade claims that he spilled some solution on the coat, and it might be contaminated.", "sent8": "A 2015 study examined the rate of extinction and suggested that the species might still be extant and using the habitat preference of monal suggest that there might be some locations around Mussoorie where intensive surveys could be attempted.", "sent9": "The book has also been criticised for its optimistic speculations on what Subhas Bose might have accomplished had he lived", "sent10": "Any force used must be reasonable in the circumstances as the person honestly perceived them to be, after making allowance for the fact that some degree of excess force might still be reasonable in the heat of the moment", "sent11": "Presley also brought with him another aspiring singer, , who might be participating on some of the ensemble parts.", "sent12": "For example, before a photon actually \"shows up\" on a detection screen it can be described only with a set of probabilities for where it might show up", "sent13": "A further scientific division of actions was made by him under twelve heads, and by an ingenious system of notation the student was enabled to class at once each of the civil or praetorian actions, as the case might be, under its proper head in the scientific division", "sent14": "Seventh, future populations might be so affluent that despite a potential increase in the cost of reducing suffering, they could be better off waiting", "sent15": "The temperature has dropped significantly, and the wind has ceased", "sent16": "Some women might prefer this test to an ultrasound exam, which might reveal fetal abnormalities that the parents might prefer not to know about until after delivery.", "sent17": "With the harvest season coming and with the news of their defeat in the Battle of Angol, they were nervous that their families might starve or their undefended homes might be attacked from Angol or Santiago", "sent18": "The Rector, when present, will preside over meetings of the Court but may not otherwise normally be involved in Court business in the way that a company chairman might be", "sent19": "Then there might be the border paintings; in most books using them these are by far the largest area of painted material as they occur on text pages as well", "sent20": "It might be assumed that the speed of the car and its position could be operationally defined and measured simultaneously, as precisely as might be desired.", "sent21": "For example, an internal bridge or bus might use automatic gating so that it is gated off until the CPU or a DMA engine needs to use it, while several of the peripherals on that bus might be permanently gated off if they are unused on that board.", "sent22": "This can be effective because the quarterback usually does very little after handing off or pitching the ball to the running back on most plays, and the defense might not be expecting him to be used as an active receiver" }, "hypothesis": "A blizzard might be on its way.", "proof": "sent2 & sent15 -> A blizzard might be on its way.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The new team was named the Baltimore Colts, after the unrelated previous team that folded after the season, and kept the blue and white color scheme of the Triangles-Texans franchise", "sent2": "In 1790, however, the revolution joined all three colours in one flag, and the new ensign became the white flag with a canton of three equal columns of red, white, and blue", "sent3": "Since the white field was too royal for the taste of the revolution, on 27 pluviôse year II of the French Republican calendar (15 February 1794), the flag and the ensign were changed to the design of the current flag of France: three columns of equal width, of blue, white, and red", "sent4": "Though both are blue, white and red, the French civil ensign has those colours in the proportion blue 30, white 33, and red 37", "sent5": "Rather than sending money or goods directly to the other party (which is insecure, as one or the other party must send its item first, at the risk that the other party may not reciprocate), both parties send their items to the escrow service, which holds them until both items are received, then sends each on to the intended recipient", "sent6": "As one of two representatives for the Seattle Pilots in 1969 (their only season in existence before becoming the Milwaukee Brewers), he also holds the distinction of being the only player to ever play in an All-Star Game as a Pilot; Mike Hegan also was selected to the team as a reserve, but did not appear in the game", "sent7": "It is white in the graphic because of the monochromatic sensor we used, and it can appear white to the eye because the rods in our eye (used for night vision) don't discriminate color.\" In Shetland (where generally caused by \"Noctiluca scintillans\"), mareel has sometimes been described as being green, rather than the traditional blue or white milky seas effect seen by the rest of the world", "sent8": "Christensen uses two Vox AC30 amplifiers from the 1960s on top of Marshall 4x12 G1275 cabinets which he got from his parents for his 18th birthday, and plays among others on a 1974 Gibson Hummingbird, an old sunburst Fender Telecaster, a white Fender Stratocaster, a red Gibson ES-330, a deep red Gibson ES-125, and three Rickenbacker 480 guitars from 1973 and 1974 in white or black", "sent9": "It consists of a plate of , with a white background, the characters and frame in black and a blue band at the top that shows the name of the country, its flag and the Mercosur logo", "sent10": "E.g., in 1661, the use of white flags on merchant ships was explicitly forbidden, and merchants were instead directed to fly the \"old flag of the French nation\", which then was supposed to be a white cross on blue, with on it the royal arms.", "sent11": "The game is played with two red object balls, one white cue ball and one yellow cue ball (or sometimes both cue balls are white, one having a red spot)", "sent12": "In a shop, there are two shelves: one holds only white shirts, and the other holds both blue and white shirts", "sent13": "For example, in the time immediately following the desegregation, majority of white children did not attend school in both the formerly African-American schools and historically white schools", "sent14": "Both are harmoniously decorated on the inside and outside with predominantly blue and white tiles and richly-inlaid window shutters.", "sent15": "The most common pod size holds about 140 paintballs; however, other sizes are available, and 100 paintball pods are common at rental sites, while there are also pods for smaller paintball pistols which only have the capacity of 10 paintballs (such pods are usually called tubes)", "sent16": "Four-ball billiards or four-ball carom (often abbreviated to simply four-ball, and sometimes spelled 4-ball or fourball) is a carom billiards game, played on a pocketless table with four billiard balls, usually two red and two white, one of the latter with a spot to distinguish it (in some sets, one of the white balls is yellow instead of spotted)", "sent17": "Their report found no racial disparity in Florida cases in which defendants claiming self-defense under the law are prosecuted, with Caucasian subjects being charged and convicted at the same rate as African American subjects, and results of mixed-race cases were similar for both white victims of black attackers and black victims of white attackers", "sent18": "This was introduced in white or cream with grey trim, which was superseded in 1963 by white and duck egg blue, and then in 1969 by white and dark blue", "sent19": "In the typical Voysey interior, the low ceilings and deep friezes were white, and the woodwork was unpolished oak, if possible, or cheaper deal, painted white", "sent20": "While the current jersey is white with blue trim, Waterford's original jersey was royal blue and white, with white shorts and blue socks", "sent21": "It is only one of two in existence outside the Vatican, and of these two the only traditional one, the other being the modernist tiara of Paul VI." }, "hypothesis": "If I randomly select a blue shirt, it must have come from the shelf with both blue and white shirts.", "proof": "sent12 -> If I randomly select a blue shirt, it must have come from the shelf with both blue and white shirts.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1179, "premise": "The boat moved.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The captain raised the sail.", "choice2": "It was caught in a hurricane.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 333, "premise": "The woman's purse was missing.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She left it unsupervised.", "choice2": "It contained a lot of junk.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Tourists can cover the key highlights of Kerala including the Port town of Cochin, the tea plantations of Munnar, the wildlife in Periyar, the houseboats on the backwaters in Alleppey and end their stay at Marari where they can enjoy the beaches before flying out of Cochin again- instead of having to travel down south to Kovalam for the beaches", "sent2": "He subsequently joined the Nazi Party, and rose quickly through the ranks, joining the \"Schutzstaffel\" (SS) in 1933 and achieving the rank of \"Obersturmbannführer\" (lieutenant colonel)", "sent3": "The Russian Circus rose during the Soviet period, when acts from many Russian circuses united to tour the United States under the title, \"The Moscow Circus.\" During this time, the circus became a point of pride", "sent4": "According to the tale, more than 10,000 years ago, a race of shepherd people colonized the banks of the river Ai, in a land called Mnar, forming the cities of Thraa, Ilarnek, and Kadatheron (not to be confused with Kadath), which rose to great intellectual and mercantile prowess", "sent5": "While liberal education was stifled during the barbarism of the Early Middle Ages, it rose to prominence once again in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, especially with the re-emergence of Aristotelian philosophy", "sent6": "The thorns are on every roses.", "sent7": "The tea rose has thorns", "sent8": "During the First World War Mangin rose from divisional command to that of the Tenth Army for the Second Battle of the Marne, commanding both French and American troops", "sent9": "The phrase is Latin and means 'under the rose', because the rose was an emblem of secrecy hung above council tables and confessionals", "sent10": "He moved to England in 2001 when he signed for Wigan Athletic and played an important part in the Wigan side that rose from the third tier (Division Two) to second (Division One) for the first time in the club's history and then went one step further to reach the top flight", "sent11": "Again the sea rose to deposit the Blisworth Limestone, the Blisworth Clay and the Upper Jurassic clays.", "sent12": "Thereafter, Ma requested and received permission from Emperor Taizu to establish tea trade offices at Bian Prefecture (汴州, in modern Kaifeng), Jiangling, Xiang Prefecture (襄州, in modern Xiangyang, Hubei), Tang Prefecture (唐州, in modern Zhumadian), Ying (郢州, in modern Jingmen, Hubei), and Fù Prefecture (復州, in modern Tianmen, Hubei), for the purpose of selling Chu tea and purchasing silk and horses, with part of the tea offered to the Later Liang imperial government as tribute", "sent13": "Bredow was drinking tea on the afternoon of 30 June 1934 at the Hotel Adlon in Berlin, when he heard about the murder of Schleicher that morning on the radio", "sent14": "The exact age of the rose is no longer precisely known, but the legend of the rose bush claims that it dates to 815", "sent15": "The tea from \"Quassia amara\" has also an effect on the red blood cells counts, the packed cell count, the packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration", "sent16": "It is the hometown of Lu Yu, the writer of \"The Classic of Tea\", who is respected as \"the Sage of Tea\" for his contribution to the tea culture", "sent17": "The aerial bombardment of 22 March 1945 which damaged the cathedral and the apse also killed the main growth of the rose bush above the ground; under the rubble, only the charred stump of the rose remained", "sent18": "The etymology of the color name rose is the same as that of the name of the rose flower", "sent19": "After the meeting, Lane set out to personally raise a company of men to join the war effort, and he served during the war at its head, and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel of the First Regiment Indiana Infantry", "sent20": "It was thought that the end of the famous rose had come, but the roots were largely intact, and in the spring of 1945 it put out 25 new shoots", "sent21": "In Deddington the cost of poor relief rose from £243 in 1776 to £1,125 in 1803, and the Vestry raised the poor rate to 10 shillings in the pound – \"i.e.\" 50%", "sent22": "The following year he had to march to the assistance of Olympias, who was hard pressed by Cassander; but the Epirots disliked the military service, rose against Aeacides, and drove him from the kingdom" }, "hypothesis": "The tea rose can be a type of rose.", "proof": "sent6 & sent7 -> The tea rose can be a type of rose.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Although that your pain have been great in tarrying, I assure you mine hath been no less than yours, and yet all the pain that I take for your wealth is to me a pleasure; therefore if you will have profit of your complaint, you must tarry the time, or else to be without remedy.", "sent2": "Like all Bitmap Bros' games, there are loads of little touches that will amuse you, from the incompetent piss-head droids in the cut-scenes, flying you from level to level and crashing on the people flagging them in, to the voice which says, when you're struggling, 'You are so crap'.\" \"Computer Gaming World\" gave it a 3.5/5, and called it an \"excellent quick-'n'-dirty version of \"Command & Conquer\", stripped down for speed and playability.\" They said that \"if you don't mind a game that's on the short side, and you are a real-time tactical game lover with a good sense of humor, then buckle into your computer chair, dude, and crack open a cold can of Rocket Fuel, because Z is going to be your favorite letter.\"", "sent3": "Mix said: \"I heard somebody say sometime, when you retire and you do nothing, how do you know when you are done? I need that place where I can hang my hat", "sent4": "You smell food when you open the fridge.", "sent5": "For example, change talk can be elicited by asking the patient questions such as: \"How might you like things to be different?\" or \"How does ______ interfere with things that you would like to do?\"", "sent6": "For 2012–2013 to be a qualifying year you need to earn at least £5564 if you are an employee, or £5595 if you are self-employed, and have paid (or been credited with) National Insurance contributions based on these earnings.", "sent7": "If you have a long power outage, there can be food spoiled.", "sent8": "It may not be obvious that it can be proven, without using AC, that there even exists a nonzero ordinal onto which there is no surjection from the reals (if there is such an ordinal, then there must be a least one because the ordinals are wellordered)", "sent9": "If there are abundant resources of food being brought into the nest, the larval period is short, but if the resource is short, the period can lengthen", "sent10": "Reynolds has wrote you this morning and I know not whether you have got the letter or not and he has swore that if you do not answer, or if he does not see or hear from you today, he will write to Mrs", "sent11": "With an mbo diploma, you can also be admitted to university, but you will have to do a transition year.", "sent12": "If I have to stay in this job I'll die, or if I lose that person, I'll die.' And once in a while, those things you think will kill you happen", "sent13": "Oh, it sucks to have a doctor tell you that you have cancer, but in the same breath, he told me that with aggressive treatment they can treat this particular disease", "sent14": "(Or at least for a long, long, long, long, long, long time.) Whatever happens next, I will continue to make music", "sent15": "Again, God says to the believers in a \"Hadith Qudsi\":\"O son of Adam, so long as you call upon Me, and ask of Me, I shall forgive you for what you have done, and I shall not mind", "sent16": "There is no direct railway link between Rieti and Rome, as the construction of such railway has been subject of a long debate but never took place; Rome can be reached by bus or by catching a train to the Terni station, where direct trains to Rome can be found.", "sent17": "As he once said, \"If you ever amount to anything at all, it will be because you are true to that deep desire or ideal which made you seek artistic expression in pictures.\" His students included Dean Cornwell, James E", "sent18": "If you are camping overnight in the designated wilderness area, you will need to buy a fee permit which can be obtained at a Forest Service office or most Resorts and Outfitters", "sent19": "\"If you have an amnesty process that isn’t really linked to proper restitution for victims, then ultimately you have no form of reconciliation,\" she said", "sent20": "I mean, if you want to be a Christian, be it with all you've got, and if you want to be metal, be it with all you've got", "sent21": "The sandstone can be viewed in the form of 30-m high cliffs, and as you go deeper, you can witness the softer Carmichael Sandstone, which has been present here for 440 million years", "sent22": "If you cannot understand everything although you put great effort into it, a '2' is appropriate, and if you cannot understand the programming at all '1' is the appropriate rating." }, "hypothesis": "the refrigerator has been without power for several days.", "proof": "sent4 & sent7 -> the refrigerator has been without power for several days.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "He graduated from Hamilton High School in Los Angeles in 1961 and UCLA in 1965, with a B.S", "sent2": "There are no Roman Catholic parochial high schools in Bustleton, but many students go to Archbishop Ryan High School (co-ed), Father Judge High School (all boys), St", "sent3": "On the other hand, result must be read early enough to make sure the next operation result does not overwrite the yet unread result in the output port.", "sent4": "This can result in the thousand-yard stare.", "sent5": "When triggering the \"add\" operation, it is possible to read the result in the next instruction (next clock cycle), but in case of \"mul\", one has to wait for two instructions before the result can be read", "sent6": "In 1992, the former High School West reopened as the new consolidated Bridgewater-Raritan High School, and High School East became the district's middle school.", "sent7": "Beat Centreville High School 1–0 in District Final and Westfield High School 3–0 in Regional Final", "sent8": "Ingredients vary and can change, for instance cubanelle peppers can substitute for bell peppers, celery can replace onions, and parsley or culantro can be used in place of cilantro.", "sent9": "There's a smell on the walls of the bathroom.", "sent10": "Whilst they do not count towards a student's final degree classification, a very poor performance in prelims can result in disciplinary measures.", "sent11": "An academic co-op was started in 2016 between Creston School District and the nearby Wilbur School District, allowing all Creston High School students to attend Wilbur-Creston High School in Wilbur and all Wilbur Junior High students to attend Wilbur-Creston Junior High in Creston", "sent12": "\"Odontotaenius disjunctus\" is most commonly found in climates with higher humidity, mainly in the warmer parts of both hemispheres, and also widely distributed in temperate North American forests", "sent13": "It inhabits zones of high precipitation (1500–4500 mm per year), and may appear in dry lands or in riparian lands where there is a high humidity permanent", "sent14": "High humidity can result in mold growth.", "sent15": "Conversely, high-intensity exercise can result in a shortage of insulin, and consequent hyperglycemia", "sent16": "This can result in \"fretting fatigue\", whereby fatigue cracks can initiate in the fretting zone", "sent17": "In other organisms, such as squids, extensive editing (\"pan-editing\") can occur; in some cases the majority of nucleotides in an mRNA sequence may result from editing", "sent18": "Aday attended High School in Redding, Connecticut graduating from Joel Barlow High School in 1993", "sent19": "Anastasios obtained a Certificate of High School with High Honours in 1947, a Bachelor of Divinity from the National University of Athens with High Honors (1952), and carried out post-graduate studies in the History of Religions, Ethnology, Missions, and Africanology at the Universities of Hamburg and Marburg", "sent20": "Certain bacteria can grow and infect the stump during this process and as a result significant redness and swelling may develop, and in some cases the infection can then spread through the umbilical vessels to the rest of the body", "sent21": "As well as serving as a replacement for the former Truro Senior High School, (which was also known by an earlier name, the Colchester Academy), CEC also replaced the former Central Colchester High School and West Colchester High School, which became junior high schools (grades five to nine for the newly renamed West Colchester Junior High School and grades six to nine for the newly renamed Central Colchester Junior High School)", "sent22": "2 years later, in 2015, she starred in \"The Man in the High Castle\" (2015–2019)." }, "hypothesis": "A mold sprouted in the bathroom due to excessive humidity.", "proof": "sent14 & sent9 -> A mold sprouted in the bathroom due to excessive humidity.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1471, "premise": "The woman made the man a compliment.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "He thanked her.", "choice2": "He insulted her.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 179, "premise": "The boat capsized.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The captain raised the sail.", "choice2": "It was caught in a hurricane.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Interviews from the film as well as photographs and other exhibits have been collected in an online 'museum' on Wilson and her career", "sent2": "These interlocked molecules have potential uses as molecular sensors, actuators, amplifiers, and molecular switches, and can be controlled chemically, electrically, and optically.", "sent3": "In \"obiter\" comments, he characterized it as being a right of publicity, as opposed to a right of privacy", "sent4": "The \"Beyond the Bear Necessities\" capital campaign started in 1988 and raised money for exhibits such as the bear habitat, river otter exhibit, canine, and small animal exhibits", "sent5": "Pastoral ministry later emerged within the congregation as a distinct form of ministry after Vatican II as they followed the call of the Church to respond to the signs of the times.", "sent6": "Stoddart has developed highly efficient syntheses of mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures such as molecular Borromean rings, catenanes and rotaxanes utilising molecular recognition and molecular self-assembly processes", "sent7": "Prieto-Márquez therefore regarded \"Anasazisaurus\" as a synonym of \"Kritosaurus\", but retained it as the distinct species \"K", "sent8": "A 2001 study suggested that \"Saurolophus osborni\" was part of a distinct inland fauna characterized by an association between \"Anchiceratops ornatus\" and it, while the contemporary coastal fauna was characterized by the association of \"Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis\" and \"Edmontosaurus regalis\"", "sent9": "Calcification involves the precipitation of dissolved ions into solid structures, structures for many marine organisms, such as coccolithophores, foraminifera, crustaceans, mollusks, etc", "sent10": "Water exhibits distinct molecular structures", "sent11": "Biuret is a chemical compound with the chemical formula ", "sent12": "Anything characterized as a chemical compound exhibits distinct molecular structures", "sent13": "Thus, \"aletheia\" is distinct from conceptions of truth understood as statements which accurately describe a state of affairs (correspondence), or statements which fit properly into a system taken as a whole (coherence)", "sent14": "Rosa Mayreder was a radical critic of the patriarchal structures of the society as well as a critic of feminism", "sent15": "Due to their high conjugation, these systems have a smaller gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) as well as a continuum of orbitals within the HOMO and LUMO", "sent16": "Oxygen molecules have attracted attention because of the relationship between the molecular magnetization and crystal structures, electronic structures, and superconductivity", "sent17": "Bangru as a distinct cultural and linguistic group is hardly known by outsiders; who still consider them as part of the Nyishi tribe", "sent18": "Until 2010, it was thought to be in North America as well, but molecular and morphological data showed that specimens identified as \"V", "sent19": "In 2011, seven fossils of large, isolated compound eyes were described from the inland quarry site at Emu Bay, as well as the first well-preserved visual surfaces of the eyes of \"Anomalocaris\"", "sent20": "These structures included seawalls and revetments or sand-trapping structures such as groynes", "sent21": "Bē-t-harmōn (βητάρμων) \"driving the wheel\", a Homeric compound, was also postulated as a similar type of compound, though lacking the \"-i-\" of \"terpsimbrotos\"", "sent22": "A distinct repetitive pattern can be distinguished with the windows and pilasters, as well as with the arrangement of large entrances" }, "hypothesis": "It is likely that the water is a chemical compound.", "proof": "sent12 & sent10 -> It is likely that the water is a chemical compound.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The Star Castle is in the shape of an eight-pointed star and features on the flag of the Council of the Isles of Scilly", "sent2": "The platform building and island platform were in good condition at the time of the heritage listing, with the modern footbridge and overbridge in very good condition", "sent3": "In cases where the forehead is involved (trigonocephaly and plagiocephaly), a technique called fronto-supraorbital advancement is used to correct the shape of the head", "sent4": "The parish lies to the South of Ramsey and is of a very irregular shape, projecting a considerable distance into the fen on the east side of the road from Ramsey to St Ives", "sent5": "The vase is not in good shape", "sent6": "The shape of the village has not altered over the centuries although beginning with the church and then the Manor House, buildings were built outside the ring", "sent7": "The small frieze of \"komastes\" around the neck of the vase is problematic in terms of attribution", "sent8": "It is likely that the reverse, as was the norm for this vase shape, depicted an athletic competition in one of the sports that formed part of the Panathenaic Games.", "sent9": "The shape of Dysnomia is not known, but its low density suggests that it should not be in hydrostatic equilibrium.", "sent10": "When Wayne Williams was arrested, Douglas was widely reported as stating that Williams was \"looking pretty good for a good percentage of the killings.\" Believing that the quote was taken out of context, Douglas later clarified, \"I said he fit the profile and added carefully that if it did turn out to be him, I thought he looked pretty good for a good percentage of the killings", "sent11": "The article talks about the general shape of the village and how the shape of Ellington consists of the main village as well as a stretch of land to both the west and the south", "sent12": "In 2001; 67.28% of people were listed as 'in good health'; 22.89% in fairly good health; 9.83% not in good health, and; 19.74% of people were listed with a limiting long-term illness.", "sent13": "Back in top shape early in 1967, \"Massey\" operated along the east coast and in the Caribbean, until departing Newport on 2 May for the Mediterranean", "sent14": "Their neighbors in the northerly of the state, the Monongahela houses were generally circular in shape often with nook or storage appendage", "sent15": "The Bach Ice Shelf () is an ice shelf which is irregular in shape and in extent, occupying an embayment in the south part of Alexander Island entered between Berlioz Point and Rossini Point", "sent16": "For example, a chalice \"krater\" in the Antikensammlung Berlin, depicting young men exercising in the \"palaistra\" is often counted among his later works due to the vase shape", "sent17": "The potter would use his thumbs to shape the walls of the foot whilst using his fingers to round the edge of the foot, giving it a Torus shape", "sent18": "The walls were in good repair, but the houses were ruined and did not fill one-third of the area", "sent19": "The trio, however, were not satisfied with the overall shape of the record and road testing the material on live dates revealed that some tracks needed to be re-approached", "sent20": "Four months later still, as the \"Galactica\" and \"Pegasus\" lay plans to rescue the civilians trapped on New Caprica, the psychological impact of the past year is also obvious: after previously being in good physical shape, Lee has become overweight, sentimental and \"soft\", to the point where it interferes with his ability to command the \"Pegasus\"", "sent21": "The shape of the chalice krater had already been developed during the black-figure phase by the potter and painter Exekias, but Euxitheos's vase displays further innovations created specifically for the red-figure technique", "sent22": "an accidental impact often causes breakage" }, "hypothesis": "Someone hits a vase.", "proof": "sent5 & sent22 -> Someone hits a vase.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The discovery of the first signature of Euphronios in 1838 revealed that individual painters could be identified and named, so that their works might be ascribed to them", "sent2": "These fossils might be of an unknown species of hadrosaur or an undescribed specimen of \"Kritosaurus\" or \"Kritosaurus navajovius\"", "sent3": "This can be effective because the quarterback usually does very little after handing off or pitching the ball to the running back on most plays, and the defense might not be expecting him to be used as an active receiver", "sent4": "As some of you might know, we have our studio which will be running as usual, but there has to be a point where some journeys end to begin new ones.", "sent5": "Any force used must be reasonable in the circumstances as the person honestly perceived them to be, after making allowance for the fact that some degree of excess force might still be reasonable in the heat of the moment", "sent6": "you might be thinking of the melody, but you might also be thinking of..", "sent7": "It might be assumed that the speed of the car and its position could be operationally defined and measured simultaneously, as precisely as might be desired.", "sent8": "Variations of transverse vaginal septum might be described by the malfunctions at the level of the vaginal plate", "sent9": "There is very little of his work that should be omitted, and not a great deal of subsequent science that need be added, with regard to the culture of corn, in a manual of husbandry adapted to the present time", "sent10": "There is no duty to retreat before a person may use reasonable force against an attacker, nor need a person wait to be attacked before using such force, but one who chooses not to retreat, when retreat would be a safe and easy option, might find it harder to justify his use of force by the need for self-defense.", "sent11": "A 2015 study examined the rate of extinction and suggested that the species might still be extant and using the habitat preference of monal suggest that there might be some locations around Mussoorie where intensive surveys could be attempted.", "sent12": "The listing of football players as a \"fraternity\" or a group of players meeting socially under this identity is the earliest allusion to what might be considered a football club", "sent13": "Once there, he realizes there might be enough material for what he eventually describes as a \"nonfiction novel\".", "sent14": "The weight of evidence suggests that although some JI personnel might be inspired by the larger global mystique of figures such as Osama bin Laden, the South East Asian group remains operationally and organisationally distinct.", "sent15": "There were 1,361 households; 23.7% of these households consisted of one person, 72.5% contained one family group and there were 3.8% of other household types", "sent16": "Geologically this might be true—but it has not been proven by any means due to a lack of anything like a complete geological survey of the region.", "sent17": "The sound system plays music from various genres.", "sent18": "With the harvest season coming and with the news of their defeat in the Battle of Angol, they were nervous that their families might starve or their undefended homes might be attacked from Angol or Santiago", "sent19": "An evolutionary grade is a group of species united by morphological or physiological traits, that has given rise to another group that has major differences from the ancestral group's condition, and is thus not considered part of the ancestral group, while still having enough similarities that we can group them under the same clade", "sent20": "There is no specification as to which kind of biological research should be conducted at the FML, and the focus of research changes with the appointment of each new group leader", "sent21": "There were 240 households; 17.5% of these households consisted of one person, 80.0% contained one family group and there were 2.5% of other household types", "sent22": "Teenagers experiment with different musical tastes." }, "hypothesis": "There might be a group of youngsters around.", "proof": "sent17 & sent22 -> There might be a group of youngsters around.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 1294, "premise": "The egg hardened.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "I dropped it.", "choice2": "I boiled it.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1211, "premise": "The woman read the email.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The sender requested a response from her.", "choice2": "The sender tried to solicit money from her.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Normally, only stem cells and progenitor cells express MET, which allows these cells to grow invasively in order to generate new tissues in an embryo or regenerate damaged tissues in an adult", "sent2": "Farmers grow crops in Columbus", "sent3": "Gardeners may also grow in raised beds, or in boxes, sometimes on top of a paved area", "sent4": "He also pitched in 1916 for teams in Kokomo and Columbus, Indiana.", "sent5": "\"Acacia acuminata\" grows as a tall shrub or small tree growing 3-7m, In ideal conditions it may grow to a height of ten metres, but in most of its distribution it does not grow above five metres", "sent6": "Nixon relocated to California at the end of the century after having been frostbitten working as a motorman in an open streetcar in Columbus, Ohio", "sent7": "The EBT annual Fall Spectacular, when all operating equipment was in use, was held on the Saturday and Sunday of Columbus Day weekend in October", "sent8": "In 1968, Woodin faced street fighter Arnold Spurlin, a former Golden Gloves champion, in a shoot fight in Columbus, Georgia", "sent9": "Due in part to Mujica's charisma, the MPP continued to grow in popularity and votes, and by 2004, it had become the largest faction within the Broad Front", "sent10": "However, during recovery, anabolic overcompensation causes the muscles to grow, which results in an overall increase in mass", "sent11": "When the saturation state of aragonite in the external seawater is at ambient levels, the corals will grow their aragonite crystals rapidly in their internal compartments, hence their exoskeleton grows rapidly", "sent12": "Redvine species are a pest when they grow within crops; for example, \"Brunnichia ovata\" is a significant problem in soybean crops in the Mississippi Delta", "sent13": "In order to grow, they need nutrients that might be scarce in their free form in the cell", "sent14": "In the irrigated systems, the Hawaiians grew mostly taro (kalo), and in the rain-fed systems, they grew mostly ʻuala (sweet potatoes), yams, and dryland taro in addition to other small crops", "sent15": "In Puerto Rico, the hurricane destroyed most of the houses in the towns and most of the crops in the fields.", "sent16": "Scott established the Ayrshire Farmers Market in 1999 and founded the Scottish Association for Farmers in 2001", "sent17": "In 1944, a joint initiative by the New Zealand Farmers Union and the New Zealand Sheepowners' Federation led to the formation of Federated Farmers, and a new incorporated society, Federated Farmers of New Zealand Inc was registered on 30 November 1944", "sent18": "\"Cuphea\" has also been shown to improve agricultural crops in North America when used in crop rotation", "sent19": "NRI worked further with The Columbus Dispatch Printing Company, private investors, and the city of Columbus to fund work in the district", "sent20": "Urban areas were facing a shortage of 4.4 million housing units in 2010, while the population is expected to grow by 40 million in 2030", "sent21": "Columbus farmers produce pecans along with soybeans, potatoes, and corn", "sent22": "The flowers grow in whorls in a terminal spike" }, "hypothesis": "A type of crop is corn.", "proof": "sent2 & sent21 -> A type of crop is corn.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The exact time and location are unclear, but the presence of the character named \"Bernardo\", who is unmistakably modeled on Leonardo da Vinci, suggests that the story takes place in a fictional version of Milan around the time of Leonardo's stay at the court of the Duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza, from 1482 to 1499", "sent2": "The Renaissance masterpieces have elements of perspective.", "sent3": "The night before the release of her photography book \"The Eyes of Mars\", Laura has a dream about an assailant entering a woman's apartment, which she observes from the first-person perspective of the intruder", "sent4": "He also became the subject of a strong public backlash among some elements in Spain, and was regularly heckled and booed in some of the country's football stadiums due to the article and his pro-Catalan independence stance", "sent5": " protect the inhabitants of the building not only from the elements, but also from the eyes of outsiders", "sent6": "In turn he illustrated many of the town planning and garden designs of Thomas Hayton Mawson, included in the latter's books \"The Art and Craft of Garden Making\", and \"Civic Art\" (1911), to which he contributed a number of skilled perspective views.", "sent7": "With centre buffer couplings, the tasks of buffers are usually transferred to the coupling elements, which are designed to be correspondingly stable and are mounted with interposed spring elements within the vehicle frame instead of on a buffer beam", "sent8": "Shakespeare's account was nominated as a Book of the Year in \"The Economist\", \"The Guardian\", \"The Observer\", \"The Scotsman\", \"The Daily Telegraph\" (as No", "sent9": "The novel \"Darkness and Light\" details \"the travels of Kitiara and Sturm before the meeting at the Inn of the Last Home at the beginning of Dragonlance Chronicles", "sent10": "Leonardo da Vinci's novel \"The Last Supper\" incorporates some elements of perspective", "sent11": "At the same time, Lagerkvist includes Bernardo/Leonardo's creation of \"The Last Supper\" and \"Mona Lisa\" in the plot, which were done in Milan and Florence, respectively", "sent12": "Following the life and romances of Dorothy Vernon in Elizabethan England, the novel became the year's third most successful novel according to \"The Bookman\" annual list of bestselling novels", "sent13": "He appeared in a supporting role in the Daniel Day-Lewis-starring historical epic \"The Last of the Mohicans\", which was released in the United States on 25 September 1992", "sent14": "The first page of the actual text of a book is the opening page, which often incorporates special design features, such as initials", "sent15": "The series takes place few months after the events of \"Ginga: The Last Wars\", Orion has gone missing to mourn the death of his brother, Sirius", "sent16": "The play \"The Front Page\" by Hecht and Charles MacArthur and the novel \"The Well of Loneliness\" by Radclyffe Hall garnered the company quick success", "sent17": "The film combines elements of the Korean Manchuria-Western sub-genre, which emerged in the 1960s and early 1970s, with elements of the Western genre.", "sent18": "The new structure, which opened to students in February 2012, incorporates some of the design features of the prior building and is limited in its visual impact to blend with the surrounding residential neighborhood", "sent19": "Instead, a new mural was produced that combined some of the elements of the original and used many of the same colors", "sent20": "He made his name in the supernatural arena, with such movies as \"Mark of the Vampire\" and \"The Curse of the Werewolf\" (based on his novel \"The Werewolf of Paris\")", "sent21": "The plot of the novel is loosely based on the Orpheus myth, including elements of Jean Cocteau's version Orphee.", "sent22": "He has been a columnist in \"The Times\" and \"The Independent\", as well as the art critic of \"The Listener\" and the architecture critic of \"The Observer\"." }, "hypothesis": "\"The Last Supper\" is one of the greatest works of art of all time.", "proof": "sent2 & sent10 -> \"The Last Supper\" is one of the greatest works of art of all time.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 187, "premise": "The boy filled the bucket with sand.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "He was building a sand castle.", "choice2": "He was collecting seashells in the sand.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "In recent 10 years the economists note increasing unemployment figures and reports of widespread layoffs", "sent2": "During the national New Deal, state Senator Tuck worked to repeal Prohibition and sponsored new child labor laws, as well as an unemployment compensation system, old age assistance and jail reforms", "sent3": "The rest of the page is often decorated with dense designs of plants and animals in a muted \"grisaille\", often gold and brown; text pages without miniatures often also have such borders", "sent4": "Between 1740 and 1742, British navy and army deaths from disease and combat were estimated as over 20,000, with death rates of 80–90% among land forces.", "sent5": "The German Economic Institute (German: Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln e.V.) (IW) is a private economic research institute in Germany, which promotes a liberal economic and social order", "sent6": "Bose is also the author and editor of books on the economic, social and political history of modern South Asia", "sent7": "The percentage of foreign born in a country is the product mostly of immigration rates, but is also affected by emigration rates and birth and death rates in the destination country", "sent8": "in 1959 and listing in friendship trading company with China in 1962, the company developed into an all-round trading company with business mainly with socialist countries", "sent9": "Early in the 20th century, American Jews were striving primarily for social and economic advancement, often leaving their religious observances behind", "sent10": "The clashes between labor and management were often adversarial and were deeply affected by wars, economic conditions, government policies, and court proceedings.", "sent11": "Unfortunately, because the leaving group is also an alcohol, the forward and reverse reactions will often occur at similar rates", "sent12": "Under his premiership, school fees were abolished, health care was improved and hospitals modernised, unemployment relief as increased, hydroelectric and papermaking development was accelerated, and housing loans were provided for the needy at minimal terms", "sent13": "This can cause weakness and disease in the host, and poses a global health and economic problem", "sent14": "However, Julian was the company mainstay, working long hours, often on the factory floor, building the company.", "sent15": "The AM signal gives KWVE enhanced coverage in the northern and western areas of the Los Angeles area, including Los Angeles proper, and as far north as Ventura County, where the main signal on 107.9 FM is weak", "sent16": "By 1981, the company had 30 franchises in Canada, and in 1987, RE/MAX became the top real estate company in Canada.", "sent17": "Ford had taken office in August 1974 amidst one of the worst economic crises in US history, marked by high unemployment and inflation rising to 12.3% that year following the 1973 oil crisis", "sent18": "It is the economic and educational center of the province, home to various universities and colleges", "sent19": "Rising unemployment rates and company layoffs often signal economic downturns", "sent20": "He promoted interventionist Keynesian policies, such as borrowing money and raising taxes to spend on defence-related projects and thereby reduce unemployment", "sent21": "To understand basic signal timing fundamentals, one must also understand the different modes of operation of the signal controller which controls the signal", "sent22": "His scientific work focuses on statistics and its applications in optics, electronics, signal processing and automation." }, "hypothesis": "The economic downturn has reached a time of relative recession.", "proof": "sent19 & sent1 -> The economic downturn has reached a time of relative recession.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 104, "premise": "The teenager ran away from home.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "His parents abused him.", "choice2": "He relied on his parents.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 350, "premise": "Marine life diminished.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "Boats sailed through the ocean.", "choice2": "Oil spilled into the ocean.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "67, composed in 1815 – a set of twenty-four preludes in all major and minor keys, starting with C major.\" As Schonberg says: \"the openings of the Hummel A minor and Chopin E minor concertos are too close to be coincidental.\" The dedicatee of Chopin's set, Joseph Christoph Kessler, also used the circle of fifths in his 24 Études, Op", "sent2": "After initially having the ball bounce off his hands, Cotchery managed to grab the ball on the way to the ground, but the pass was ruled incomplete as it seemed that the ball touched the ground as he was trying to get control of it", "sent3": "The ground plan of the building follows a geometrical conception, in which the square of the transept crossing in the ground plan constitutes the key measuring unit for the entire church", "sent4": "The Trust works with hundreds of partners on the ground throughout the UK to deliver the Award on the ground, including schools, outdoor groups, environmental organisations, and rehabilitation charities", "sent5": "There might be tremors and minor earthquakes on the ground prior to a volcanic eruption.", "sent6": "A minor embayment in this position first appeared on the charts of the US Antarctic Service, which explored the south part of Alexander Island by air and from the ground in 1940", "sent7": "There are hopes that nearby streetlights might be lowered and shielded to reduce interference with observations, but in truth the instrument is little used and interest in the observatory is mainly historical.", "sent8": "Berenson met with Homans, and Homans took a liking to her and felt that her physical condition could be improved and that the result might serve as a testament to the school's approach", "sent9": "Because the communication link between the vehicles and the roadside infrastructure might exist for only a short time interval, the IEEE 802.11p amendment defines a method to exchange data through that link without the need to establish a basic service set (BSS), thus without the need to wait on the association and authentication procedures to complete prior to exchanging data", "sent10": "It might be assumed that the speed of the car and its position could be operationally defined and measured simultaneously, as precisely as might be desired.", "sent11": "When ground work incorporates both mental and muscular development, it may take considerably longer for the horse to be ready to be ridden, but advocates of these methods maintain that the additional time on the ground allows the horse to advance more quickly or with better manners once under saddle.", "sent12": "The ambitious dome, with a diameter of 20 meters, was comparable to much later Ottoman mosques but it had to be built closer to the ground in order to be stable", "sent13": "The village lies on high ground in the south-west part of the parish overlooking the fen to the north-east", "sent14": "It tends to be played close and low to the ground, since the rhythm is slow.", "sent15": "The Joykiller released three albums on Epitaph records prior to disbanding in 1998 and had a minor radio hit in the Netherlands with the song \"Go-Bang.\" They later released their \"Greatest Non-Hits\" in 2005.", "sent16": "At sufficiently high incident light intensity, the ground state of a saturable absorber material is excited into an upper energy state at such a rate that there is insufficient time for it to decay back to the ground state before the ground state becomes depleted, causing the absorption to saturate", "sent17": "A 2015 study examined the rate of extinction and suggested that the species might still be extant and using the habitat preference of monal suggest that there might be some locations around Mussoorie where intensive surveys could be attempted.", "sent18": "The area has been experiencing frequent minor tremors", "sent19": "In the bottom of the first, Scott Podsednik reached second on an error, moved to third on a sacrifice bunt, and scored on Jermaine Dye's ground out", "sent20": "The ground underwent a major overhaul during the 1970s when the configuration of the ground was changed (from east-west to north-south) and lighting installed", "sent21": "Oxidation-reduction status depends on the balance of volcanic gas input and rainfall rate, and is thought to be mediated by the groundwater system in the volcano itself", "sent22": "This can be effective because the quarterback usually does very little after handing off or pitching the ball to the running back on most plays, and the defense might not be expecting him to be used as an active receiver" }, "hypothesis": "There could be an eruption.", "proof": "sent5 & sent18 -> There could be an eruption.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1008, "premise": "The man looked friendly.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "He greeted the cashier.", "choice2": "He used a coupon.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 434, "premise": "The clock chimed.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "It was the top of the hour.", "choice2": "The hour seemed to drag on.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "At first the company made aluminum parts for airplane structures, but in the late 1980s, Roll Forming added preparing parts for assembly", "sent2": "I felt that if it was good for me to take a break, it might be good for other young girls, too", "sent3": "In December 1850, Bell successfully contested a by-election in the borough of St Albans in order that he might be able to advocate his proposals for reform more effectually in parliament", "sent4": "He says it might be useful for Mystery to have a presence, and suggests a few legal arguments Bailey could use.", "sent5": "She soon learns that her grandfather (Brown and L.B.'s father) had died, and they need help preparing for the funeral", "sent6": "A 2015 study examined the rate of extinction and suggested that the species might still be extant and using the habitat preference of monal suggest that there might be some locations around Mussoorie where intensive surveys could be attempted.", "sent7": "Once there, he realizes there might be enough material for what he eventually describes as a \"nonfiction novel\".", "sent8": "With the harvest season coming and with the news of their defeat in the Battle of Angol, they were nervous that their families might starve or their undefended homes might be attacked from Angol or Santiago", "sent9": "Thus, a doll might be packaged in outfits and/or boxes made for another doll character", "sent10": "Some women might prefer this test to an ultrasound exam, which might reveal fetal abnormalities that the parents might prefer not to know about until after delivery.", "sent11": "They might also be used to assist in submarine rescue operations, although they do not have the capacity to take anybody aboard when underwater", "sent12": "They might also have had a more upland habitat where they may have nested or fed.", "sent13": "Seventh, future populations might be so affluent that despite a potential increase in the cost of reducing suffering, they could be better off waiting", "sent14": "you might be thinking of the melody, but you might also be thinking of..", "sent15": "It might be assumed that the speed of the car and its position could be operationally defined and measured simultaneously, as precisely as might be desired.", "sent16": "The hairstylists have replenished their stock.", "sent17": "They could also be adapted for use as a minelayer", "sent18": "This can be effective because the quarterback usually does very little after handing off or pitching the ball to the running back on most plays, and the defense might not be expecting him to be used as an active receiver", "sent19": "The recording took place before the abortive sessions for the Dominos' second studio album; a press release for the 2013 reissue of \"Bobby Whitlock\" gives the recording date as starting in March 1971, while Dominos biographer Jan Reid writes of sessions happening in January that year", "sent20": "A culchie might be offered to anyone who asked for a bed for the night, who was not known to the family (rather like letting someone sleep in the barn)", "sent21": "Hairstylists use scissors for cutting and combs for styling", "sent22": "They defeated the Lydians and captured their capital of Sardis except for its citadel, and Ardys might have been killed in this attack" }, "hypothesis": "They might be preparing for styling sessions soon.", "proof": "sent21 & sent16 -> They might be preparing for styling sessions soon.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Oil Painting emphasizes color and texture, Bronze Sculpture focuses on three-dimensional forms, and Digital Photography captures moments", "sent2": "Lucas died in Canada at the age of 94", "sent3": "Later, Lucas attended what is now the Ontario College of Art and Design and pursued a career in graphic design", "sent4": "Peyton comes, but witnesses Lindsey giving Lucas a congratulatory kiss and, assuming they are in a relationship, leaves, thinking there is no hope for her and Lucas", "sent5": "This sets Lucas at odds with his mother, as she cannot believe that Lucas would want to live with Dan rather than her", "sent6": "Lucas chooses bronze.", "sent7": "In the course of the storyline, Duke presents Scarlett with an ultimatum, to go with Snake Eyes or to remain with him, and she chooses to be with Duke", "sent8": "Dan tries to strangle Lucas on the basketball court, but Peyton, having learned the truth from Lucas, tells Dan that Lucas actually saved him from the fire", "sent9": "For three weeks, Peyton fails to tell Lucas about Julian, and Lucas is angry when he discovers their past on his own", "sent10": "Lucas and Nathan have a final conversation where Nathan calls Lucas his brother and Lucas says, \"I'll miss you, little brother.\" Before leaving with Keith, he goes to say goodbye to Haley and discovers that she and Nathan have married.", "sent11": "As part of his biographical research on George Lucas in the early 1980s, Lucas allowed author Dale Pollock to read the plot outlines of a 12-film saga on the condition of signing a confidentiality agreement", "sent12": "George Lucas was set to provide Abrams with advice as a creative consultant; however, Lucas had no involvement, with his representative stating that he \"ideally would love not to see any footage until he walks into the theater next December", "sent13": "In his professional life, Lucas was at various times the art director of CFTO-TV in Toronto, the director of the art department at Southam Newspapers, and led artistic and design teams at various advertising agencies.", "sent14": "Michael Lucas (born Michael Lukac; March 7, 1926 — May 4, 2020) was an artist, designer and political activist based in Toronto, Ontario", "sent15": "In the opening ceremony of the new Pit headquarters, Hawk chooses Duke as the new field commander and the top sergeant of the G.I", "sent16": "The successor of Agathangellus, Lucas, founded an iconographic school, which did great service to the monastery for many years.", "sent17": "Dangerous Liaisons is a gay pornographic film directed by Michael Lucas and released by Lucas Entertainment in 2005", "sent18": "Trio of artistic mediums—Oil Painting, Bronze Sculpture, and Digital Photography", "sent19": "On the night that Lucas and Peyton are about to tell Brooke they want to be together, he and Keith are involved in a car accident, and, for the first time in the series, Dan calls Lucas his son so that Lucas can get immediate treatment", "sent20": "Lucas struggles to pay for his heart medication and steals money from his mother, which Haley sees, forcing Lucas to tell her about his condition", "sent21": "Lucas visited Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union many times in his life", "sent22": "As he is in the hospital, Lucas dreams that he is visited by Keith, who shows Lucas what life would have been like if he had been a lesser person", "sent23": "He is survived by his wife Helen Lucas, the financial secretary of Canadian Friends of Soviet Peoples and two children." }, "hypothesis": "Lucas might appreciate three-dimensional artistry.", "proof": "sent18 & sent1 & sent6 -> Lucas might appreciate three-dimensional artistry.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Statistics show a decrease in cross-border commerce.", "sent2": "In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Killaloe had a population of 487 living in 246 of its 274 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 594", "sent3": "Phil and Bob decide to invite some of the cast of \"Playing Around\" to Pine Tree to stage a show to draw in the guests, and include Betty and Judy in the show", "sent4": "In the early 1960s, personality Arnie (WooWoo) Ginsburg hosted a Sunday night oldies show, one of the first in the nation to feature early pioneer rock and rhythm and blues recordings in a specialty show on a top-rated radio station.", "sent5": "The Nuestra Casa Initiative tried to counter the health disparities by using a cross-border strategy that moved around an exhibit prominent in various museums and universities", "sent6": "The imposition of trade tariffs results in reduced international trade", "sent7": "After joining the Department of Statistics, New Zealand, (now Statistics New Zealand) in 1971, he was appointed as Assistant Government Statistician in 1982, Deputy Government Statistician in 1986 and Government Statistician in 1992", "sent8": "In the late 1980s the end of government export support and changes in Spain's tax structure led to a decrease in sales and the firm getting into financial difficulties", "sent9": "While touring Texas in a minstrel show, Steinfeldt played baseball in a town where his show was performing", "sent10": "In 1981–82, Mix saw his playing time decrease at age 34 in what became his final season playing in Philadelphia", "sent11": "Davalos also appeared as the superhuman Gwen Raiden in three episodes of the TV show \"Angel\" and in 2005 co-starred in the Fox show \"Reunion\"", "sent12": "Statistics show that there are not many women in senior positions in the industry", "sent13": "After a break which started in August 2023, the show returned in October with a new format", "sent14": "In 2011, she had written to the Organised Crime Task Force about the need to bring fuel licensing within the remit of the Petrol licensing Consolidation (NI) Act 1929, demonstrating the relevance of cross-border law enforcement jurisdiction in helping to reduce frauds.", "sent15": "Mexico intends to reclaim effluent from the treatment plant for onsite green belts, resulting in a per day decrease in the flow of the New River at the border, in addition to the projected per day decrease in flow in the river at the border when the InterGen and Sempra Energy power plants reach capacity in Mexicali", "sent16": "From west to east, below is a list of the border city \"twinnings\"; cross-border municipalities connected by one or more legal border crossings.", "sent17": "Data from Statistics Canada's Participation and Activity Limitation Survey (PALS) show that, in 2006, one in four unemployed persons with a disability and one in eight persons with a disability who are not in the workforce believe that, in the past five years, they've been refused a job because of their disability", "sent18": "Similarly, Indian leadership considered Musharraf's refusal to give up support to the cross-border insurgency in Kashmir as the reason behind the failure of the Agra Summit in June 2001.", "sent19": "In 2016 the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics report there were 18,514 people in the ward, from 16,436 in 2012.", "sent20": "He first presented a version of his one-man show \"Merely Players\" in 1959, which explored the experiences of actors through history, with the definitive version of the show debuting in 1984 for a Canadian national tour", "sent21": "Population data from the UK Office for National Statistics show growth from a population in 2001 of 6,108, to 2011 of 6,337 and finally the latest data from the 2021 census showing an increase to 8,555 people living in the village.", "sent22": "In June 2010, Madhavan made a comeback to the game show format by accepting a contract with Imagine TV's Big Money show, signing on to host a single season, and then hosted an episode of the crime show Savdhaan India in January 2016" }, "hypothesis": "trade tariffs have been imposed by several countries in the past year.", "proof": "sent6 & sent1 -> trade tariffs have been imposed by several countries in the past year.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Ri Myung-hun (Korean: 리명훈; born 14 September 1967), also known as Michael Ri after his favorite basketball player Michael Jordan, is a North Korean former basketball player", "sent2": "All successful chefs have a flair for creativity", "sent3": "At very low and very high levels of arousal, performance is low, but at a better mid-level of arousal, performance is maximized", "sent4": "Judith Michael is the pseudonym of the husband-and-wife writing team of Judith Barnard (born 1934) and Michael Fain (born 1937)", "sent5": "Deva, the elder, is deaf-mute; but he is an expert at lip reading, and the head of a successful advertising company", "sent6": "Blanc, who goes by Jennifer Blanc-Biehn, is married to Michael Biehn", "sent7": "They have a son named Aniket Saraf who is a chef.", "sent8": "The Ortaköy Mosque (or Büyük Mecidiye Mosque), located further northeast on a small promontory along the Bosphorus shore, has a very similar design that is considered more successful", "sent9": "He is now a successful lawyer and has since opened his own law firm, Jody R", "sent10": "Thus, it follows a very winding course, with a solid rocks just inches from the roadway, and is thus very dangerous", "sent11": "\"The fact is, Oktoberfest in Germany is a very localized festival", "sent12": "Michael Reynolds, a wealthy, materialistic oncologist with a wife and daughter, that he is dying of abdominal cancer and has very little time left to live", "sent13": "Spring is very rainy, especially in May, which is the wettest month", "sent14": "In 2014, Oxford University Press published a collection of essays on Bratman's work by colleagues and former students, \"Rational and Social Agency: The Philosophy of Michael Bratman.\" A review in \"Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews\" remarked that, \"Our very understanding of what it is to form a plan or shared intention is owed in no small part to Michael Bratman's massively influential body of work.\"", "sent15": "The Kenwood Chef is a food mixer developed by Ken Wood in Britain", "sent16": "He understood very early on what ISIS is, that it's a real threat", "sent17": "Later, Michael is bitten by a rattlesnake but is quickly treated for it by Blue, without medical equipment", "sent18": "However, Chief Running Water informs him that his mother is a slut and that he saw her with Chef later that night at the dance", "sent19": "Chef Michael consistently experiments with unique flavor combinations and innovative cooking techniques", "sent20": "This is where he found his calling as a chef.", "sent21": "A publicist from the channel stated \"Where The Heart Is has been a very successful series for ITV1", "sent22": "She is married to actor Michael Biehn." }, "hypothesis": "Chef Michael is a very successful chef.", "proof": "sent2 & sent19 -> Chef Michael is a very successful chef.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Amongst Juspion's arsenal, there is his Metal Tech Suit armor, made of a very rare mineral called Edjinium and equipped with a visor called Sensor Eye that can scan the environment with x-ray and night vision, and his Plasma Blazer Sword, which can be contracted for storage and can be infused with the plasma during combat, and his Beam Scanner Gun", "sent2": "It can be heard occasionally in the dialect of the English East Midlands, where words ending in -old can be pronounced ", "sent3": "Speaking of contemporary film-making in 2004, Willis said:\"I'm delighted that people can fly, dogs can talk, and anything destructive can be fashioned on the screen, but much of what's being done lacks structure or taste", "sent4": "The heat from magma flows beneath these volcanoes can affect melting, and the risk of volcano eruptions increases as more ice is lost as a consequence of isostatic rebound", "sent5": "It can be used as a substitute for hops in beer manufacturing or can be added to baked goods.", "sent6": "Eye strain can be a consequence of excessive screen time.", "sent7": "The reduction of the surface charge is a consequence of the decrease of the repulsive potential of the electrical double layer by the presence of an electrolyte having opposite charge", "sent8": "It can also be a time period after a payment due date within which the fee can be paid without penalty", "sent9": "Because most mathematical objects can be described in terms of strings, or as the limit of a sequence of strings, it can be used to study a wide variety of mathematical objects, including integers.", "sent10": "The proof that such separators can always be found is related to the Planar Separator Theorem of Lipton and Tarjan, and these separators can be located in linear time.", "sent11": "A window screen (also known as insect screen, bug screen, fly screen, flywire, wire mesh, or window net) is designed to cover the opening of a window", "sent12": "Reactions that can be used in DCvC are diverse and can be placed into two general categories", "sent13": "A configuration can be thought of as the vertex of a directed graph, and the transitions of \"M\" can be thought of as edges in this graph", "sent14": "The grenades create a screen of smoke which can obscure the movement of players and make it more difficult for the opposition to hit them", "sent15": "Mark complains of frequent headaches", "sent16": "The soap opera \"Padre Coraje\", with production of Pol-ka, on the screen of Canal 13", "sent17": "The location of the object on the screen is determined by the usual coordinate transformation, but a second set of coordinates must be generated to locate the object in light space.", "sent18": "Because most mathematical objects can be described in terms of strings, or as the limit of a sequence of strings, it can be used to study a wide variety of mathematical objects, including integers", "sent19": "For example, before a photon actually \"shows up\" on a detection screen it can be described only with a set of probabilities for where it might show up", "sent20": "There is a brick screen wall to the north end of building to screen the entry to men's toilets.", "sent21": "The natural consequence of this individuality of opinion was that his books were practically disregarded, and Planck was deeply incensed", "sent22": "It was one of the original hundreds in Delaware created in 1682 and was named for the town of New Castle then the only town of consequence anywhere on the Delaware River" }, "hypothesis": "Mark spends several hours each day staring at computer screens.", "proof": "sent6 & sent15 -> Mark spends several hours each day staring at computer screens.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The editors-in-chief for much of the last decade were King's alumni, and significant portions of the newspaper's editorial staff over the years have come from King's.", "sent2": "The collection of relics of the Munich Residenz come from the era of the Counter-Reformation", "sent3": "The patient must feel that they share the control with the clinician about the direction and agree on a goal", "sent4": "The dog may enter the tunnel and come out or walk around the tunnel, but it must get to the rat within the time allotted", "sent5": "The killers were black, the money in the trust fund may have come from white supremacist groups, and Michael was flying a Confederate flag on his truck the night he was shot.", "sent6": "A large proportion is supplied by fishermen from Sassnitz and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, who deliver their catches at agreed fixed prices from their own cutters, using rented fish tanks or by truck to the pier of the modern fish processing centre", "sent7": "The curtain was originally decorated in the same red, orange, blue, and gold color scheme as the rest of the auditorium", "sent8": "Luke, Mara, the Chiss, the Imperials, and the embittered survivors now must work together against the Vagaari if any of them are to come out alive.", "sent9": "The episode was to have concluded with Homer eating a pizza in his hospital bed following the operation, and with Marge asking a nurse where the pizza had come from", "sent10": "Neither the original nor the port of \"Rebirth\" have received an English localization, making it one of three mainline \"Tales\" titles to not have come to the west.", "sent11": "The compiler of the Battle Abbey Roll appears to have been influenced by the French sound of names, and to have included many families of later settlement, such as that of Grandson, which did not in fact come to England from Savoy until two centuries after the Conquest", "sent12": "The fountain was restored with a new pump, and for the first time in 65 years water once again flows out of the mouths of the two fish held by the chief.", "sent13": "They must have realised that they were thus to be cut off from Rajasthan, the land of their Sisodia allies, from Hindustan, which included the Purbiya recruiting grounds, and finally, from Malwa.", "sent14": "In a park, there are two ponds: one is home to only goldfish, and the other has both koi and goldfish", "sent15": "When the party paused to rest in an orange grove on the Honolulu side of the Pali, the others joined in the hummings, and the song was completed later at Washington Place.", "sent16": "It has been found that only seven percent of El Salvadoran university students come from the poorest 40% of the households whereas 57% of students come from the richest 20% of households", "sent17": "It is connected with the emperor Domitian, and was originally thought to have come from the Serapeum, which the emperor rebuilt in A.D", "sent18": "The club colours are orange and black and the team currently plays in the Challenger Pro League, the second division of Belgian football, having won promotion from the Belgian Second Amateur Division in 2020", "sent19": "You must come out and surrender at once\" The only answer was the headless trunk of the Japanese messenger, rolled down the precipice in front of the eyes of the invading army", "sent20": "Attic fishplates were manufactured in the Kerameikos district of Athens, Greece; Apulian fish plates were manufactured in various workshops in Taranto (Taras) on the \"heel of the boot\" of Italy; Campanian fish plates come from the region of the Bay of Naples, Italy (There were factories in both Capua and Cumae (Kyme)); Paestan plates were made in Paestum (Poseidonia), south of Salerno, Italy (These are the only fish plates signed by the artists, coming from the workshops of Python and Asteas.)", "sent21": "The historian Stanford Lehmberg argues that the possible need for parliamentary legislation for this may have come from a proposal from the Commons, rather than Thomas Cromwell" }, "hypothesis": "The orange fish must have come from the pond.", "proof": "sent14 -> The orange fish must have come from the pond.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 2, "premise": "The woman tolerated her friend's difficult behavior.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The woman knew her friend was going through a hard time.", "choice2": "The woman felt that her friend took advantage of her kindness.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1417, "premise": "The children rang the bell at the woman's house.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The children hit a ball into her yard.", "choice2": "The children trampled through her garden.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "A journalist from the Brantford Expositor observed that \"[t]he original [Model A] looks like the offspring of a field tractor and a warehouse crate.\" In May 1949, Frank Zamboni filed a patent application for the Model A", "sent2": "The main palace building belonging to the sultan himself consisted of a single block, which may be the first time that an Ottoman palace was designed like this, in contrast with the multiple pavilions and courtyards of the Topkapı Palace", "sent3": "As the ovaries may be normal in this case, the egg may be fertilized with a donor's or partner's sperm", "sent4": "However, these tactics may not be good, and the union spirit may be so strong that a big organization cannot be prevented", "sent5": "Given the continued interest in the type, the LS4 may be put back in production by the Slovenian manufacturer AMS-Flight.", "sent6": "My God, it looks like a movie up there!\" And it's like, you feel like you're about 12, and it's the first time it occurs to you that you've done a movie [...] It's sublime", "sent7": "The type of metal gives a barrier, the fixed value, that the electrons must climb over to exit their atoms, to be emitted from the metal surface and be measured.", "sent8": "The reason may be that the ovaries are exposed to high insulin concentrations since women with type 1 diabetes can have frequent hyperglycemia.", "sent9": "Averruncus may be among the \"indigitamenta\" pertaining to another god such as Apollo or Mars, that is, it may be a name to be used in a prayer formulary to fix the local action of the invoked deity", "sent10": "Each bird builds.", "sent11": "According to the number of cave openings, the yaodongs can be further classified into the three-hole type, two-hole type, and single hole type", "sent12": "In addition, others have suggested that Grendel's mother may be associated with the Norse figures of the valkyries and of the goddess Gefion who may be an extension of Frigg and Freyja", "sent13": "The term may also be applied to decisions and events that are considered to be trivial in the grand scheme of things but that may be overemphasized in a smaller community, such as disputes between neighbors.", "sent14": "The rhyme was first published in its modern form in 1844, although the rhyming of 'puddle' with 'middle' suggests that it may have originally been the archaic 'piddle' for a stream and that the verse may therefore be much older", "sent15": "The Two Medicine \"Procheneosaurus\", meanwhile, was not quite like the other \"Procheneosaurus\" specimens studied by Dodson, and for good reason: it was much more like a species that would not be named until 1994, \"H", "sent16": "Most financial experts agree that some of the most effective investment strategies involve diversifying investments across broad asset classes like stocks and bonds, rather than focusing on specific securities that may or may not turn out to be \"winners\"", "sent17": "The robin builds nests", "sent18": "The Refuge is one of the most significant bird sanctuaries in the Northeastern United States, and it is home to more than 330 bird species, making it one of the most ideal places in New York City to observe migrating birds", "sent19": "The bird clade Pygostylia was named in 1996, by Luis Chiappe, for the presence of this feature and roughly corresponds to its appearance in the bird family tree, though the feature itself is not included in its definition", "sent20": "Unlike a viewing, the body may or may not be present and it may or may not be held in a funeral home.", "sent21": "They may be incompetent, they may be predictable, they may be badly acted or awkwardly directed, but at some level the filmmakers are enjoying themselves and at least trying to entertain an audience", "sent22": "The folio may also be printed at the bottom of the page, and in that location it is called a \"drop folio\"" }, "hypothesis": "The bird may be a type that looks like a Robin.", "proof": "sent10 & sent17 -> The bird may be a type that looks like a Robin.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Some \"lekythoi\" were fitted with a small, inner chamber, limiting the amount of oil required to fill them", "sent2": "All that remained of the once extensive common was a small rectangular allotment of land", "sent3": "All of their CDs are considered rare, and are all out of print.", "sent4": "Due to the low amount of conferences separately, and the number of conferences that contain members of both regions, these two regions are combined onto one page.", "sent5": "The carbon cycle involves both organic compounds such as cellulose and inorganic carbon compounds such as carbon dioxide, carbonate ion, and bicarbonate ion, together referenced as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC)", "sent6": "All current methods of covalent organic framework (COF) synthesis use DCvC", "sent7": "Compared to the modifications identified from other RNA species like tRNA and rRNA, the amount of identified modifications on mRNA is very small", "sent8": "The network of the community gardens of Taipei are referred to as \"Taipei organic acupuncture\" of the industrial city.", "sent9": "The Schiff test is an early organic chemistry named reaction developed by Hugo Schiff, and is a relatively general chemical test for detection of many organic aldehydes that has also found use in the staining of biological tissues", "sent10": "Certain bacteria can assist in the breaking down of organic material early in the sedimentary processes, although bacterial biomass itself may represent only a minor component of the total organic carbon in carbonaceous rocks", "sent11": "There are two basic types of position: a \"long\" (holding a positive amount of the instrument) and a \"short\" (holding a negative amount of the instrument)", "sent12": "All organic compounds contain a small amount of carbon.", "sent13": "It's yet another reason to be very seriously concerned about the amount of carbon dioxide that is in the atmosphere now and the additional amount we continue to put out.\"", "sent14": "The combination of microscopic and molecular studies should be addressed when interpreting abundances of bacterial biomarkers present in a petroleum source and its influence on the total organic carbon.", "sent15": "Answering correctly won the amount of the wager multiplied by the odds while only the amount of the wager was taken away for a wrong answer", "sent16": "In particular, the spectrum of atomic hydrogen had a doublet, or pair of lines differing by a small amount, where only one line was expected", "sent17": "border near Calexico, California, its channel contains a stew of about a hundred contaminants: volatile organic compounds, heavy metals including selenium, uranium, arsenic and mercury, pesticides (including DDT), and PCBs", "sent18": "While the Central Region includes a small number of conferences, many of these leagues contain many schools with multiple divisions.", "sent19": "The roaster is the main source of gaseous pollutants, including alcohols, aldehydes, organic acids, and nitrogen and sulfur compounds", "sent20": "The carbon in Glucose is not a harmful substance.", "sent21": "For decades, it was thought that the majority of the organic-rich sedimentary beds deposited on the ocean floor was a byproduct of three environmental variables: the input of organic material, the rate of sedimentation, and the amount of deep-water oxygenation", "sent22": "The fugues of J.S.Bach contain a variety of examples of imitation" }, "hypothesis": "There is an organic compound.", "proof": "sent12 & sent20 -> There is an organic compound.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The Theban left wing was thus able to crush the elite Spartan forces on the allied right, whilst the Theban centre and left avoided engagement; after the defeat of the Spartans and the death of the Spartan king, the rest of the allied army routed", "sent2": "The interior is in Italian Rococo, made of precious materials such as lacquers, porcelains, gilded stuccos, mirrors and roots that today extend on an area of about 31,000 square meters, while 14,000 are occupied by adjacent buildings, 150,000 by the park and 3,800 by the external flowerbeds; Overall, there are 137 rooms and 17 galleries", "sent3": "There are open notebooks on the desk", "sent4": "Hilda, as well as the rest of the family, left the palace the back way and left for the Zwingenberg palace in the Neckar valley", "sent5": "The essential element of the project is to reveal the process of film and make accessible the theoretical writings and materials of filmmakers.\"", "sent6": "The second is sitting in the lotus posture with the left hand placing on the left foot and the right hand's finger ringing", "sent7": "The concrete walls and sliding canvas panels made novel use of industrial materials, while the open floor plan integrated the external environment into the residence, setting a precedent for California architecture in particular.", "sent8": "The wooden falsework on the bridge failed and workers on the bridge fell between fifteen and twenty metres to the ground, while rebars, cement, wood, concrete, and other building materials fell on them", "sent9": "While often criticized by the centre-right, SOS Racisme is often criticized by the far left and moderate left as well", "sent10": "This distinction is not generally recognized because most people would view the \"Operations\" performed on the raw materials of a product by workers and machines as the \"Process\" by which those raw materials are transformed into the final product", "sent11": "It is the only existing Lama-style white stupa in Wuhan, and it provides important physical materials for studying the history and religion of the historical and cultural significance of Wuhan in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties.", "sent12": "Gymkhana members would play polo on the field, rendering much of it useless for cricket because of the large divots left by the horses, while sparing their own European-only cricket ground", "sent13": "The Queensland Art Gallery was considered to be a building of its time for it incorporated the best techniques and materials available within the economic limits of the project", "sent14": "The Research Center also houses materials related to individuals involved with the theater, including personal records of Zelda Fichandler's, Thomas Fichandler's papers, the Ken Kitch papers, and materials relating to the Living Stage.", "sent15": "The whole church was left burned out on the night of 24 September 1940 during the Blitz, apart from the tower, which was left derelict", "sent16": "The sale listing indicates that the buyer will be obligated to dismantle and remove the railroad track materials and rolling stock from the site, as no land is included in the sale.", "sent17": "Using the achievements of the exact sciences to solve major problems in agriculture, agrophysics involves the study of materials and processes occurring in the production and processing of agricultural crops, with particular emphasis on the condition of the environment and the quality of farming materials and food production.", "sent18": "The first is sitting in the lotus posture with the left hand placing on the left foot and the right hand dropping naturally, representing that he has sacrificed all he has for people before he becomes Buddha", "sent19": "The students use notebooks while studying.", "sent20": "Adjustments to the materials used in the sofa and the centralization of production methods allowed IKEA to reduce the price of the Klippan sofa by 40% since 1980.", "sent21": "After the left atrium fills with blood, the mitral valve allows blood to flow from the left atrium into the heart's main pumping chamber called the left ventricle", "sent22": "On the margin of the London–Brabant Island, the estuarine conditions which left the Lower Estuarine Series prevailed for a while before the sea rose so as to deposit the Lincolnshire limestones before falling again so that the Upper Estuarine Series was left" }, "hypothesis": "Someone left the materials while studying.", "proof": "sent3 & sent19 -> Someone left the materials while studying.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "There has also been a rise in the power of the executive at universities, linked to the increase in the importance of the 'higher education market'", "sent2": "In \"The Great Convergence: Asia, the West, and the Logic of One World\", Mahbubani describes how the world has seen more positive change in the past 30 years than the past 300 years", "sent3": " health records show a rise in respiratory cases", "sent4": "and elsewhere in the world, there has been a marked rise in the evangelical wing of Protestant denominations, especially those that are more exclusively evangelical, and a corresponding decline in the mainstream liberal churches", "sent5": "Starting with the king himself, for each landholder within a county there is a list of their estates or manors; and, for each manor, there is a summary of the resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value.", "sent6": "At the north and east of the town, there is the road of national interest Strada statale 33 del Sempione, which in the past was crossing the town itself, in the current \"corso Europa\"", "sent7": "Starting with the king himself, for each landholder within a county there is a list of their estates or manors; and, for each manor, there is a summary of the resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value.", "sent8": "In the past, there have been constructions of three dams on the mainstream of Kuma River, which are, in the order from the estuary, the Arase dam, the Setoishi dam and the Ichifusa dam", "sent9": "Starting with the king himself, for each landholder within a county there is a list of their estates or manors; and, for each manor, there is a summary of the resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value.", "sent10": "In modern times, there have been attempts to introduce the carnival in the capital, Bogotá, in the early 20th century, but it has always failed to gain the approval of authorities", "sent11": "Starting with the king himself, for each landholder within a county there is a list of their estates or manors; and, for each manor, there is a summary of the resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value.", "sent12": "The rise of the spread offense in recent years has led to the rise of the reverse flea flicker (also known as the double reverse flea flicker), which is an extension of both the conventional flea flicker and a reverse play", "sent13": "Starting with the king himself, for each landholder within a county there is a list of their estates or manors; and, for each manor, there is a summary of the resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value.", "sent14": "Starting with the king himself, for each landholder within a county there is a list of their estates or manors; and, for each manor, there is a summary of the resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value.", "sent15": "Starting with the king himself, for each landholder within a county there is a list of their estates or manors; and, for each manor, there is a summary of the resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value.", "sent16": "Starting with the king himself, for each landholder within a county there is a list of their estates or manors; and, for each manor, there is a summary of the resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value.", "sent17": "Starting with the king himself, for each landholder within a county there is a list of their estates or manors; and, for each manor, there is a summary of the resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value.", "sent18": "More specifically the position of the shoreline in the past, at present and where it is predicted to be in the future is useful for in the design of coastal protection, to calibrate and verify numerical models to assess sea level rise, map hazard zones and to regulate coastal development", "sent19": "Starting with the king himself, for each landholder within a county there is a list of their estates or manors; and, for each manor, there is a summary of the resources of the manor, the amount of annual rent that was collected by the lord of the manor both in 1066 and in 1086, together with the taxable value.", "sent20": "The amount of ice from Thwaites likely to be lost in this century will only amount to several centimetres of sea level rise, but its breakdown will rapidly accelerate in the 22nd and 23rd centuries, and the volume of ice contained in the entire glacier can ultimately contribute to global sea level rise, which is more than twice the total sea level rise to date", "sent21": "Increased air pollution results in respiratory illnesses.", "sent22": "mention two examples, in which \"3D photorealistic representations are used to show urban redevelopment [and] dynamic computer simulations are used to show possible pollution diffusion over the next few years.\" The widespread use of the Internet by the general public has implications for these collaborative planning efforts, leading to increased participation by the public while decreasing the amount of time it takes to debate more controversial planning decisions." }, "hypothesis": "In the past there has been a rise in the amount of air pollution in urban areas.", "proof": "sent21 & sent3 -> In the past there has been a rise in the amount of air pollution in urban areas.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The empire covered much of southern Somalia and eastern Ethiopia, with its domain extending from Hobyo in the north, to Qelafo in the west, to Kismayo in the south.", "sent2": "The tramontane is created by the difference of pressure between the cold air of a high pressure system over the Atlantic Ocean or northwest Europe and a low pressure system over the Gulf of Lion in the Mediterranean", "sent3": "There has also been a rise in the power of the executive at universities, linked to the increase in the importance of the 'higher education market'", "sent4": "It is part of the A39, connecting Porlock to Lynmouth and Barnstaple in Devon and is the steepest A-road in the United Kingdom, approaching 1 in 4 (25%) in places", "sent5": "In ADCC, the Fab domain of a mAb binds to a tumor antigen, and Fc domain binds to Fc receptors present on effector cells (phagocytes and NK cells), thus forming a bridge between an effector and a target cells", "sent6": "The worldwide presence of new isotopes from atmospheric testing beginning in the 1950s led to the 2008 development of a reliable way to detect art forgeries", "sent7": "People who frequently wear high heels often develop pain in the balls of their feet from the immense amount of pressure that is placed on them for long periods of time, due to the inclination of the shoes", "sent8": "The case went to arbitration, where he offered to sell the domain for a case of beer; Kaplan declined, and was awarded the domain, leading Katzman to state that \"The folks at Kaplan have no imagination, no sense of humor and no beer.\"", "sent9": "Within 45 minutes, another enveloping force formed to the west of the road, which forced Smith to withdraw a platoon to the east side of the road", "sent10": "In an interview, Rankin linked the quote to the rise of a restored Scottish Parliament and the redemption of the Inspector in the novel", "sent11": "The more one acts automatically, the more one exists in the present, in the temporal domain of the body", "sent12": "He was selected by the domain to be a member of the Chōshū Five who were smuggled out of Japan in defiance of the Tokugawa bakufu's policy of national seclusion to Great Britain in 1863", "sent13": "The clinician will then aim to help the patient order the importance of their goals and point out the current behaviors that get in the way of achieving their new goal or \"develop discrepancy\" between their current and desired behaviors", "sent14": "At the heart of the uncertainty principle is a fact that for any mathematical analysis in the position and velocity domains, achieving a sharper (more precise) curve in the position domain can only be done at the expense of a more gradual (less precise) curve in the speed domain, and vice versa", "sent15": "While geovisualization in the preceding fields may be divided into two separate domains—the private domain, in which professionals use geovisualization to explore data and generate hypotheses, and the public domain, in which these professionals present their \"visual thinking\" to the general public—planning relies more heavily than many other fields on collaboration between the general public and professionals.", "sent16": "The cooling effect of rapid discharge of CO2 causes the temperature of the liquid CO2 to drop dramatically, resulting in a significant loss in overall pressure", "sent17": "Moments before regaining consciousness in her Viper, Kara realizes the person she is speaking to is not the Cylon Leoben Conoy, and states, \"You're not Leoben.\" The avatar grins and replies, \"Never said I was.\" She awakens in her Viper cockpit as Apollo is calling for her to break off and ascend, or the atmospheric pressure will kill her", "sent18": "Attendance began to drop in the early 1970s, and then the team faced competition with both the Washington Capitals, and the WHA in the 1974–75 season.", "sent19": "The recent plummet in barometric pressure has been observed.", "sent20": "This was later rescinded in the face of pressure from the Toronto Classis (the leaders of Christian Reformed churches in the area).", "sent21": "Within the domain of atmospheric behaviors linked to impending storms, a drop in barometric pressure often foretells an approaching tempest", "sent22": "It has been known that oxygen is solidified into a state called the β-phase at room temperature by applying pressure, and with further increasing pressure, the β-phase undergoes phase transitions to the δ-phase at 9 GPa and the ε-phase at 10 GPa; and, due to the increase in molecular interactions, the color of the β-phase changes to pink, orange, then red (the stable octaoxygen phase), and the red color further darkens to black with increasing pressure" }, "hypothesis": "an impending storm surge along the coastlines may occur soon.", "proof": "sent21 & sent19 -> an impending storm surge along the coastlines may occur soon.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1485, "premise": "The woman was an alcoholic.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She checked into rehab.", "choice2": "She committed assault.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 85, "premise": "The service at the restaurant was slow.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The restaurant was crowded.", "choice2": "There were many empty tables.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1070, "premise": "The boy listened to the radio.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The station was playing rock music.", "choice2": "The station was coming in with static.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 448, "premise": "The ring on my finger got stuck.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "My finger swelled.", "choice2": "I chipped my fingernail.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1465, "premise": "The animal species became populous.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "Their predators went extinct.", "choice2": "Their habitat was destroyed.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "\"Street Fighter II\" focuses on combos, and \"Fatal Fury\" focuses on special move timing and storytelling", "sent2": "To discover and develop such treatments, the Company focuses on key molecular pathways that play crucial roles in underlying disease processes, and on identifying therapeutically significant differences that may exist among people", "sent3": "Russia and Slovakia finished level on points for second place and a place in the UEFA playoffs; Slovakia won the tiebreaker on overall goal difference in the group", "sent4": "Sarkar's work focuses on the intersections of religion, gender, and politics in both colonial and postcolonial South Asia, in particular on women and the Hindu Right.", "sent5": "He has also played the roles of David Hodges on the crime drama television series ' and its sequel, ' and NASA Administrator Harold Weisner on the Apple TV+ original science fiction space drama series \"For All Mankind\"", "sent6": "MobyGames calculated an overall aggregate score of 68 based on eight reviews, while Metacritic was calculated an overall score of 66 based on five reviews.", "sent7": "Since 2000 much of Smith's research has been centered on the application of ontology in biomedical informatics, where he has worked on a variety of projects relating to biomedical terminologies and electronic health records", "sent8": "It focuses on the mining equipment and history of mining in Žacléř, and on paleontological findings uncovered during mining", "sent9": "Olivia uses a Garmin", "sent10": "Despite extensive historic mining and human activity on its slopes, Mount Read has unique and significant stands of Huon pine forests on its slopes", "sent11": "\"Muv-Luv\" was released on February 28, 2003, on Windows CD-ROM, and re-released on DVD-ROM on April 30, 2004", "sent12": "The CDP border follows Prospect Street and Carter Lane on the north side, Old Turnpike Road on the east, Mulberry Street on the south, and Atwater Street and Interstate 84 on the west", "sent13": "It focuses on patient-centered care and is based on several overlapping principles of MI, such as respect for patient choice, asking open-ended questions, empathetic listening and summarizing", "sent14": "Accompanying Howlin' Wolf on vocals are Otis Spann on piano, Hubert Sumlin on guitar, Willie Dixon on double bass, and Fred Below on drums", "sent15": "The district is bounded on the north by Uttar Pradesh, on the east and southeast by Sidhi, on the south by Shahdol, and on the west by Satna", "sent16": "Dewas tehsil is situated on the north-western part of the district, Sonkatch on the north-eastern part, Bagli on the south, Kannod on the south-central part and Khategaon on the South-east", "sent17": "Nadelmann, both brash and persuasive, identified the center's mission as seeking \"harm reduction,\" which he defined as \"an alternative approach to drug policy and treatment that focuses on minimizing the adverse effects of both drug use and drug prohibition.\"Six years later the Center merged with the Drug Policy Foundation and the two became the Drug Policy Alliance, an advocacy group for drug policies \"grounded in science, compassion, health and human rights.\" As the executive director, Nadelmann takes a public health - rather than a criminal justice - approach to the War on Drugs, advocating for the application of harm reduction principles", "sent18": "His contract was extended on 29 May 2007, on 26 May 2008, on 12 May 2009, and on 29 June 2010.", "sent19": "It is bounded on the north by Sagar and Damoh districts, on the east by Jabalpur District, on the southeast by Seoni District, on the south by Chhindwara District, on the west by Hoshangabad District, and on the northwest by Raisen District", "sent20": "Fitbit focuses on activity tracking, Garmin on GPS navigation, and Apple Watch on overall health", "sent21": "However, the band's lineup changed significantly before eventually settling on Mattias Alkberg on vocals and guitar, Jari Haapalainen on guitar, Peter Nuottaniemi on bass, on drums, and Calle Olsson on keyboards", "sent22": "The documentary focuses on unblack metal musicians' point of view and experiences as well as some academic analysis on the matter." }, "hypothesis": "Olivia prioritizes navigation during workouts.", "proof": "sent20 & sent9 -> Olivia prioritizes navigation during workouts.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Since March 2022, WRMI has targeted daily native language programming to Ukraine and Russia regarding the on-going Russian invasion of Ukraine.", "sent2": "He has contributed to the theory behind functional programming and the use of monads; and the designs of the purely functional language Haskell and the XQuery declarative query language", "sent3": "A contact sign language, or contact sign, is a variety or style of language that arises from contact between deaf individuals using a sign language and hearing individuals using an oral language (or the written or manually coded form of the oral language)", "sent4": "In Patalkot, Tamia tehsil, is spoken the poorly-known Bharia language, an unclassified Indo-Aryan language", "sent5": "CESIL, or Computer Education in Schools Instruction Language, is a programming language designed to introduce pupils in British secondary schools to elementary computer programming", "sent6": "Bareli Palya, a Bhil language, has approximately 10,000 speakers, centered in Madhya Pradesh; Bareli Rathwi, another Bhil language, has approximately 64,000 speakers, written in the Devanagari script; and Bhilali has 1,150,000 speakers.", "sent7": "Python has rules.", "sent8": "The single-seat Quicksilver MX not only complies with the US FAR 103 Ultralight Vehicles rules, but was in fact the aircraft around which the rules were developed", "sent9": "There's no simple programming language idiom, so it must be provided by a compiler intrinsic or system library routine", "sent10": "Every programming language has a rules", "sent11": "With the push of step becoming inclusive in the dance world, the copyright office has an official language of step called: Remo System, created under the company Art of Stepping which teaches step through a written language", "sent12": "Mono ( ) is a Native American language of the Numic group of Uto-Aztecan languages, the ancestral language of the Mono people", "sent13": "In 1761 Jan Des Roches who was born in The Hague published the \"Nieuwe Nederduytsche spraek-konst\", a Dutch grammar that attempted to challenge the use of Latin as a culture language and French as the language of prestige by elaborating a standardized southern Dutch (Flemish) language", "sent14": "All of these features can be explained as an adaption of the Greek language by imperfect second-language speakers: if a small group of colonizing Greek immigrants remained a minority in an area inhabited by Anatolian speaking people, the heavily accented Greek spoken as a second language by the local population, coloured by their native Anatolian language, would become the norm in the area", "sent15": "Every organization, every institution and every individual person has an agenda", "sent16": "When designing electronic boards for ISP programming it’s necessary to take into account some guidelines to have a programming phase as reliable as possible", "sent17": "Contact phenomena have been observed in the reverse direction, from a sign language to an oral language", "sent18": "The primary advantage of in-system programming is that it allows manufacturers of electronic devices to integrate programming and testing into a single production phase, and save money, rather than requiring a separate programming stage prior to assembling the system", "sent19": "The predominant language spoken in this region is Hindi and Maithili language", "sent20": "It is mainly implemented using the Python programming language, but includes a binary diff implementation written in C.", "sent21": "Erlinda Kintanar Alburo is a prolific contemporary Cebuano language scholar and promoter of the language", "sent22": "They speak the Azerbaijani language, Russian language, Lezgian language and Tat language respectively." }, "hypothesis": "Python is a type of programming language.", "proof": "sent10 & sent7 -> Python is a type of programming language.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 297, "premise": "The man took a shower.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "He opened a new bar of soap.", "choice2": "He was sweaty from working out.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 251, "premise": "The cat purred.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "It scratched me.", "choice2": "I petted it.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 415, "premise": "The player caught the ball.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "Her teammate threw it to her.", "choice2": "Her opponent tried to intercept it.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 1387, "premise": "I called several realtors.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "I was moving out of my apartment.", "choice2": "I was hunting for a new apartment.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1428, "premise": "The driver pulled up the roof of his convertible.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "He heard thunder.", "choice2": "The sun went down.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1093, "premise": "The sun was coming through the window.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The blinds were open.", "choice2": "The glass was stained.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 340, "premise": "The fussy baby calmed down.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The parents shook a rattle in front of the baby.", "choice2": "The parents picked out a name for the baby.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The top of the staircase, to the east, contains two double metal doors from the balcony", "sent2": "[...] He has proven to be the consummate professional on and off the court, and his production has continued to increase since he joined us from the D-League over two years ago.\"", "sent3": "The type of metal gives a barrier, the fixed value, that the electrons must climb over to exit their atoms, to be emitted from the metal surface and be measured.", "sent4": "The Sheepwash Bridge, which dates from the 17th century, is a packhorse bridge with an attached stone sheepwash: lambs were placed in the pen on one side of the river and the ewes swam across the river to get to them, while being pushed underwater by the shepherds to clean the fleece before shearing", "sent5": "The 1990 break-up of Grotesque would lead to the formation of At the Gates, who would be credited as instigators of the \"Gothenburg Melodic death metal sound\"", "sent6": "The video is distinguished from other heavy metal imagery by its atypical use of the natural beauty of Brazil, including its traditional capoeira fight, Timbalada percussionists, and Afro-Brazilians people, as well as the reference to the religion of Candomblé", "sent7": "The backpack containing life support was mounted in a metal box that could be attached to the chest or to the leg to ease access through the small Soyuz hatch", "sent8": "To be allowed to compete in an IFMAR World Championship event, the competitor has to be a member of a national body (such as ROAR of North America, SARDA from South Africa, BRCA from the United Kingdom, etc.)", "sent9": "The division of the genera of the subfamily into tribes has varied, but from the 1980s onwards, \"Zephyranthes\" has usually been placed in the tribe Hippeastreae", "sent10": "Unblack metal bands may justify their use of the black metal style with reasons ranging from genuine appreciation of the musical genre, to evangelization towards the largely anti-Christian black metal scene, i.e", "sent11": "In a 2007 \"Beat the Blizzard\" webzine's article, the writer Jan Lindsø states that \"[m]any metal fans are of the opinion that Christians should 'not be allowed' to use the black metal aesthetics musically since they do not inherit this evil and perhaps misantropic \"[sic]\" trait that many people say is necessary in order to be convincing as black metal musicians\"", "sent12": "Miles wrote \"God Save the South\", under the pen name Earnest Halphin, which is considered to have been the unofficial national anthem of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.", "sent13": "The Bogotá Carnival has had to wait until the 21st century to be resurrected, this time, by the authorities of the city", "sent14": "The oxygen in the blast of air oxidized carbon and other impurities, and the addition of lime at this stage caused the oxides to separate out as a slag (dross) on the surface of the molten metal", "sent15": "During the early 2000s, according to \"Screams of Abel\" magazine, there was an \"international explosion of Christian black metal bands\", and black metal \"seemed to be the fastest growing genre in the Christian metal scene\"", "sent16": "Stefan Rydehed, director of the metal documentary \"Light in Darkness – Nemesis Divina\" says about the unblack metal musicians based on his interviews: \"The Christian black metal musicians see themselves as a part of the black metal community but they have a hard time to be accepted", "sent17": "Champlevé is distinguished from the technique of cloisonné enamel in which the troughs are created by soldering flat metal strips to the surface of the object", "sent18": "the metal box contains both pens and pencils", "sent19": "The wooden box holds only pencils", "sent20": "Presely has served as a hitting coach for the Arizona Diamondbacks from 1998 to 2000, Florida Marlins from 2006 to 2010, The Baltimore Orioles from 2011 to 2014 and the Texas Rangers from 2016 to 2017", "sent21": "digitalSSM has launched in 2013, marking the 10th anniversary of the SSM, and has proven to be one of the most innovative and comprehensive projects that the museum has conceived", "sent22": "He went on to state that the comic would be less focused on Striker, that they could advertise from the strip in The Sun, that the overheads would be far lower and that adults would be their target audience" }, "hypothesis": "The pen has to be from the metal box.", "proof": "sent19 & sent18 -> The pen has to be from the metal box.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Heat cooks food in the oven causes good smell", "sent2": "The majority of the food resource brought in by the workers is fed to the queen larvae, known as gynes and the lack of feeding for other larvae causes the prolongation of their larval periods", "sent3": "In particular, it causes a change in their motion that may be accounted for by the Larmor formula, a factor in the Lorentz-Dirac equation.", "sent4": "Induced torpor occurs when food and water are restricted – this is most easily observed in a laboratory environment as restriction of food in the wild is hard to determine", "sent5": "Dégustation is the careful, appreciative tasting of various food, focusing on the gustatory system, the senses, high culinary art and good company", "sent6": "In 1992, Golonka appeared as Sally Nash in the 13th episode \"Fool for Love\" in season 5 of the television series \"In the Heat of the Night\" with Carroll O'Connor", "sent7": "However, the perceived prevalence of food allergies in the public view is substantially higher than the actual prevalence of food allergies", "sent8": "The decline in traces of food plants may indicate a difference in dependency of food sources, from plant to animal.", "sent9": "After LadBaby's Mark Hoyle criticised the song in an interview, Cassetteboy joined the discussion stating that \"Looks like ‘Boris Johnson is Still a F***ing C***’ getting to number one would annoy LadBaby too, who seems to be tough on food poverty, completely f***ing oblivious to the causes of food poverty.\"", "sent10": "The platform building and island platform were in good condition at the time of the heritage listing, with the modern footbridge and overbridge in very good condition", "sent11": "In 2001; 67.28% of people were listed as 'in good health'; 22.89% in fairly good health; 9.83% not in good health, and; 19.74% of people were listed with a limiting long-term illness.", "sent12": "The title alludes to the gender associations of quiche as a \"feminine\" food in American culture, which causes men to avoid it and has served as the basis of the title of multiple journal articles", "sent13": "Moving bottlenecks on the other hand are those vehicles or vehicle behavior that causes the disruption in the vehicles which are upstream of the vehicle", "sent14": "He continued his good performances in the second half of the season, being named in the SuperLiga Team of the Season", "sent15": "The Union has funded a number of benevolent causes, including supporting the Lord Byron School, which was donated by the British government following the earthquake in Armenia in 1988", "sent16": "The change in climate prompted the improvement of human skills, technological innovations, and food management techniques required for successful food production.", "sent17": "Although the precise causes of the variations in the queens are still unknown, one possible factor is the amount of fat stored in the queen's body", "sent18": "However, the merest glimpse or smell of water means the beginning of the end for the rider, for the each-uisge's skin becomes adhesive and the creature immediately goes to the deepest part of the loch with its victim", "sent19": "In the United States, the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 causes people to be reminded of allergy problems every time they handle a food package, and restaurants have added allergen warnings to menus", "sent20": "In the eyes, prolonged high blood sugar causes the blood vessels in the retina to become fragile.", "sent21": "He has also had two stints in the NBA Summer League with the Miami Heat and Boston Celtics, but has not played a regular season game in the NBA", "sent22": "The oven is warm, and there's a delicious smell in the kitchen" }, "hypothesis": "It's conceivable that someone baked something recently.", "proof": "sent22 & sent1 -> It's conceivable that someone baked something recently.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "In addition to fear of becoming targets of violence, students who dropout of school earlier on due to lack of interest or having to work for their families, are more likely to partake in violence.", "sent2": "Work has yet to be finished on this, due to lack of finances and a change in ownership of the club", "sent3": "Local commentators blamed increased water consumption brought about by the number of new property developments in Berkhamsted, although the Environment Agency and the Veolia water company claimed it was due to a low water table, caused by lack of rainfall.", "sent4": "However, due to a lack of a theory of quantum gravity, there is no way to say whether the singularity is an actual origin point for the universe, or whether the physical processes that govern the regime cause the universe to be effectively eternal in character.", "sent5": "The river is reduced in size, due to human activity, the main one being the building of the London to Birmingham Grand Union Canal through the narrow valley which takes most of the river's water.", "sent6": "In 2001 Gloria was severely criticized for stating on a talk show that the high rate of AIDS in African countries was due not to a lack of safe sex practices but to the fact that \"the blacks like to copulate ('schnackseln') a lot\"", "sent7": "Plants die due to lack of water.", "sent8": "Furthermore, it may also be due to the fact that it was must for Italian filmmakers to move to Rome due to the governments choices and Elvira had no desire to", "sent9": "The worker accused the laboratory of \"allowing mice to suffer and then die in their cages instead of euthanizing them\" and of cutting off the toes of mice to identify them", "sent10": "Other symptoms accompanying a hypertensive crisis may include visual deterioration due to retinopathy, breathlessness due to heart failure, or a general feeling of malaise due to kidney failure", "sent11": "Three of the four men charged with the operation of the lab were convicted to three-year prison sentences; the fourth was acquitted due to a lack of evidence", "sent12": "Many wrestling personalities, fans, and workers have openly criticized Herd for his lack of knowledge of pro wrestling, lack of respect for established wrestlers, and complete unwillingness to learn or listen to anyone who knew what they were doing", "sent13": "He hopes to use his superior intellect to become an inventor and raise his tribe above simple sticks and stones, but due to a combination of the flimsy materials available to him and the lack of support from his tribe they always fail", "sent14": "Thus, the underside of overhangs will be more susceptible to corrosion due to lack of rinsing, also desert locations near the seashore will typically be more corrosive than seashores in locations with high rainfall.", "sent15": "As a privately owned station, CKTM effectively functioned as a semi-satellite of CBFT in Montreal due to a lack of non-network sources of programming", "sent16": "The lack of funds to maintain a balanced education system has caused American universities to provide an education with a lack of emphasis on liberal values.", "sent17": "Plants are damaged.", "sent18": "After cancellations in 2020 and 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was announced in July 2021 that due to a lack of volunteers, and there being no committee to run the event, the Dirt n Dust Festival would no longer be held", "sent19": "It was removed from the curriculum due to lack of sponsors and a lack of accredited teachers, as the school required teachers to not only hold an Illinois teaching certificate but also either a pilot's license or an airframe-and-powerplant mechanic certificate from the FAA.", "sent20": "However, due to the country's lack of investment in education, teachers are forced to deal with things such as lack of resources and poor infrastructure (especially in rural settings)", "sent21": "The \"United States Regiment of Dragoons\" was organized by an Act of Congress approved on 2 March 1833 after the disbandment of the \"Battalion of Mounted Rangers\" (formed in 1832 due to a lack of mounted units to patrol the frontier and also in response to the Black Hawk War)", "sent22": "Since then the importance of the Commonwealth Games has declined in the minds of the Australian public, due to the decreasing relevance of the Commonwealth in Australia as well as the perceived lack of competition" }, "hypothesis": "The plants haven't been watered.", "proof": "sent17 & sent7 -> The plants haven't been watered.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1457, "premise": "The woman yelled at her friend.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She was irritated with her friend's whining.", "choice2": "She wanted to ask her friend for a favor.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "He said in an interview that he developed this style after he fell and broke his teeth before an important show", "sent2": "He spent three years as a backup before earning a position as the team's starting middle linebacker in 2006, while also helping the Lions win the 94th Grey Cup that year", "sent3": "He started his career in his home town at Dainava Alytus before moving to Žalgiris Vilnius in 2001", "sent4": "As the starting tight end in 1999, he blocked for many of Faulk's runs, caught Kurt Warner’s first touchdown pass as starting quarterback, and caught five more during the regular season and Super Bowl.", "sent5": "He made his debut three days later when starting a 3–0 home win over Worksop Town", "sent6": "Robbins regained his starting position during the 2003 NFL season, but was released before the 2004 NFL season due to steroid use", "sent7": "He and his wife made plans in December 1648 to rescue the King before his trial but nothing came of it and they fled to the Netherlands", "sent8": "But it's really interesting because after the missing reel, you don't know if he slept with a girl or he didn't because she says he did and he says that he didn't", "sent9": "He strained his muscles during the workout", "sent10": "He told members of his legal team that he was coerced into confessing to a crime he didn't commit", "sent11": "He is at first eager to do so, however he is unable to perform the task as his heart still belongs to Fardart", "sent12": "Before the late 1960s, many cosmologists thought the infinitely dense and physically paradoxical singularity at the starting time of Friedmann's cosmological model could be avoided by allowing for a universe which was contracting before entering the hot dense state, and starting to expand again", "sent13": "He tried various jobs before starting to earn his living by contributing short stories to the Kievan periodicals", "sent14": "He performed three songs on Mellotron with Kashmir at the 1998 Roskilde Festival, and would continue to perform there as a solo act in 1999, 2001, 2004 (on his 30th birthday), 2009, and 2016 (on his 42nd birthday)", "sent15": "After being the reserve center behind Adam Treu as a rookie, Grove split time with him as the starting center during the 2005 NFL season, in which the Raiders had a 4-12 won-lost record, then won the job the following year, the 7th starting center in Raider history, starting all 16 games, when Treu became his replacement for a 2-14 team", "sent16": "One day he took some of his poems of the njanappana to Bhattathiri in order to correct them and improve them, but this was dismissed by Bhattathiri with a haughty remark that Poonthanam didn't know the correct meaning of words and he didn't want to waste his time on such silly works", "sent17": "Lack of stretching before exercise increases the risk of injury", "sent18": "In 1923, he performed in Poland and Germany, then moved to Paris, where he would perform before the Russian émigré clientele at Montmartre cabarets for nine years.", "sent19": "He shared his thoughts on a variety of other subjects every Monday on his \"GameSpot\" blog before his controversial dismissal from \"GameSpot\" in 2007 following a review of \"\"", "sent20": "His family called on the Dominican government to conduct an inquiry into his death but, according to his father, \"they didn't do anything.\"", "sent21": "It also has important constitutional prerogatives: it appoints three of the nine members of the Constitutional Council; it must be consulted by the President of the Republic before he exercises some of his constitutional powers (such as dissolution or concerning full powers in times of crisis)", "sent22": "He was killed in the 1982 Lebanon War before he could take up his post" }, "hypothesis": "He didn't perform stretching exercises before starting his workout routine.", "proof": "sent17 & sent9 -> He didn't perform stretching exercises before starting his workout routine.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "There is one place available for African teams, and one place in the repechage", "sent2": "The timing of mating ensures that the offspring are weaning when there is a large amount of food available in the environment", "sent3": "The version sung by Bing Crosby is the world's best-selling single (in terms of sales of physical media), with estimated sales in excess of 50 million physical copies worldwide", "sent4": "For example, decrease in the growth of marine calcifiers such as the American lobster, ocean quahog, and scallops means there is less shellfish meat available for sale and consumption", "sent5": "The Ulan is also fitted with spall-liners in order to decrease casualties in case of armour penetration.", "sent6": "The main employer based in the city is Meopta, a multinational company manufacturing various products mainly in the field of optics", "sent7": "It is recommended that babies at high risk be given peanut products in areas where medical care is available as early as 4 months of age", "sent8": "The store is empty and there are many people carrying bags.", "sent9": "They are the most readily available 'large toucan' species available in aviculture in the USA; but are considered noisy when compared to other species of toucans", "sent10": "There is a decrease in available products when sales happen.", "sent11": "The first sales of freehold land commenced in 1856, and ceased in 1875 when all available land was sold", "sent12": "The total sales for 1992 were estimated at $900 million—55 percent of which represented sales in Europe, and 40 percent of which represented sales from notebook models", "sent13": "When the temperature is lower, either a cool day, or from rapid firing of the marker, the expansion within the tank occurs more slowly, causing a decrease in the velocity of the subsequent shots", "sent14": "Levine counters that the extent of the dangers of genetically modified products is unknown, and that humans should proceed with caution in genetically altering or engineering products that could change the biological make-up of humanity", "sent15": "It is available on every cable system in the state, and is also available on line through the PCN Select subscription service.", "sent16": "Aluminum screen material is available in rolls except the range of available widths is less than for the more commonly used fiberglass", "sent17": "Mexico intends to reclaim effluent from the treatment plant for onsite green belts, resulting in a per day decrease in the flow of the New River at the border, in addition to the projected per day decrease in flow in the river at the border when the InterGen and Sempra Energy power plants reach capacity in Mexicali", "sent18": "In an attempt to boost sales into 1993, ZDS restructured its field sales force and began focusing on direct sales to corporate accounts", "sent19": "In the late 1980s the end of government export support and changes in Spain's tax structure led to a decrease in sales and the firm getting into financial difficulties", "sent20": "However, the IBM Personal Computer line, which went on the market in 1981, had even better sales numbers in the same timeframe and as the PC and clone market exploded, Displaywriter sales quickly fell off to near zero in the United States by the end of 1983", "sent21": "This sap is called \"tatni wakka\" and was used as water for cooking when there was none available in the area", "sent22": "The implementation in software can be a solution when specific hardware support is not available or requires a more expensive microcontroller." }, "hypothesis": "Today might be a big sale.", "proof": "sent8 & sent10 -> Today might be a big sale.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 1333, "premise": "The woman emptied her mailbox.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She left it unsupervised.", "choice2": "It contained a lot of junk.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 207, "premise": "The tenants were evicted from the apartment.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "They got along with their landlord.", "choice2": "They neglected to pay their rent.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The Taj Mahal is known as a rich historical narrative.", "sent2": "The builders were likely of Iranian origin, as historical documents indicate the presence of tilecutters from Khorasan, but not much is known about them", "sent3": "Although not much is known about the builders, they were likely of Iranian origin, as historical documents indicate the presence of tilecutters from Khorasan.", "sent4": "The historical period known as the “Tulip Period” or \"Tulip Era\" is considered to have begun in 1718, after the Treaty of Passarowitz, and lasted until the Patrona Halil revolts of 1730, when Ahmed III was overthrown", "sent5": "The Vsetín Castle with its high tower is the main landmark of the town and the oldest historical building", "sent6": "The restaurant housed a collection of historical items and memorabilia related to Georgia Tech, including historical photographs of the campus, portraits of prominent alumni and visitors, and a section of the goalpost from the school's 1990 National Championship victory at the Citrus Bowl.", "sent7": "Structures boasting towering spires, intricate carvings, and profound historical significance are often deemed monuments", "sent8": "The title of the novel itself refers to the old practice of catching birds by spreading lime on a twig, the master trope of the narrative.", "sent9": "The edge of a page or column is known as a \"margin\", and a gap between columns is known as a \"gutter\".", "sent10": "The parish council raises its own tax to pay for these services, known as the parish precept, which is collected as part of the Council Tax", "sent11": "This force is known as Abraham-Lorentz force while its non-relativistic limit is known as the Lorentz self-force and relativistic forms are known as Lorentz-Dirac force or Abraham-Lorentz-Dirac force", "sent12": "The station is known as the Pali-Birsinghpur station", "sent13": "The sender of goods is known as the \"consignor\", and the agent entrusted with the custody and care of the goods is known as the \"consignee\".", "sent14": "The areas of the Americas, which had been the site of complex civilizations or became rich societies were usually referred to by the Spanish as \"kingdoms\".", "sent15": "He is known from an inscription that comes from the building on the Acropolis of Athens known as the Temple of Roma and Augustus.", "sent16": "Iwans could be placed along the sides of the interior courtyards of buildings, as they were in many madrasas, or on the exterior of buildings, as at the Taj Mahal and other Mughal mausoleums", "sent17": "The historical Shamkur (also known as Shamkhor and Shamkir) has been known since the 5th century as a merchant and craft center of Persia", "sent18": "The parish council raises its own tax to pay for these services, known as the parish precept, which is collected as part of the Council Tax", "sent19": "The moving object is known as the ‘Figure’ and the location is known as the ‘Ground’", "sent20": "The first class or year of primary school is known as Standard 1, the final year as Standard 8 and primary school children are known as pupils", "sent21": "The story opens in Tokyo where JM (Rikiya Kurokawa), a rich, young IT worker and sometime computer hacker, is attempting to purchase a 1967 model Citroën DS, or Goddess, as it is known to French car aficionados", "sent22": "The Macizo de Anaga is also rich in archaeological finds, among which is the Mummy of San Andrés belonging to the ancient Guanche." }, "hypothesis": "Taj Mahal is a monument.", "proof": "sent7 & sent1 -> Taj Mahal is a monument.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 25, "premise": "The woman gave the man her phone number.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She was attracted to him.", "choice2": "She was repulsed by him.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 17, "premise": "The shirt shrunk.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "I poured bleach on it.", "choice2": "I put it in the dryer.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 372, "premise": "The woman exaggerated the details of the story.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She felt shy.", "choice2": "She wanted attention.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 320, "premise": "The children ran through the sprinkler.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "They were hot.", "choice2": "They ate popsicles.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Reeser has appeared in several feature films and television movies, such as the musical \"The American Mall\" with Nina Dobrev, the comedy \"The Girl Next Door\" with Elisha Cuthbert, the horror film ' with Corey Feldman, the thriller \"The Big Bang\" with Antonio Banderas, the action movie ' with Tom Berenger and the detective comedy \"So Undercover\" with Miley Cyrus", "sent2": "The rectangular land lot covers , with a frontage of on 52nd Street and a depth of ", "sent3": "Action films tend to feature thrilling scenes, comedy on humor and a lot of drama on emotional depth.", "sent4": "He also voiced Captain Hero on Comedy Central's animated comedy \"Drawn Together\" and he also does the voices of Wooton Bassett and Bennett Charles on the radio drama \"Adventures in Odyssey\", as well as playing the lead role of Finnian Jones for the \"Lamplighter Theatre\" Radio Drama", "sent5": "The lot covers , with a frontage of on 45th Street and a depth of ", "sent6": "Autobiographies usually present a comprehensive life story of the author, while I-Novels are more personal and emotional, focusing on greater depth and the feeling of a particular experience happening to the author", "sent7": "Many countries, for example in the Pacific Islands and Territories, have constructed regional policies, or National Ocean Policies, National Action Plans, National Adaptation Plans of Action and Joint National Action Plans on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction, to help work towards SDG 14", "sent8": "The clubhouse of the Codornices Club, a neighborhood improvement and social club, once stood on a lot adjacent to the top of the concrete slide.", "sent9": "The decorations on pyxides found in an Etruscan context tend towards depictions of battles and athletic contests; for pyxides found in Greek and near eastern Mediterranean settings the depictions tend to be of marriage, childbirth, or religious processions", "sent10": "This emotional celebration was because his father, Brian Leadbitter, had died just weeks beforehand and his ashes had been buried right on that spot under the grass on the Stadium of Light", "sent11": "The humor of any given moment relies not so much on punch lines as it does on the impeccably timed swerves of her tone, the interplay between Bamford's persona and those of all the people who don't get her.", "sent12": "It is in the business of licensing, translating, and releasing to the North American market manga and anime compilations, Asian films and television series, adult anime, monster movies, concert films, independent films, horror films, and exploitation films", "sent13": "Ibex are social and herds tend to consist of females, young, and males up to the age of about three years", "sent14": "He collaborated with Hal Ashby on \"The Landlord\" (1970), James Bridges on \"The Paper Chase\" (1973), and Herbert Ross on \"Pennies From Heaven\" (1981); as well as shooting all three of Coppola's \"Godfather\" films and working with Woody Allen on a succession of films that included \"Annie Hall\" (1977) and \"Manhattan\" (1979).", "sent15": "Mala is not able to understand her parents' opposition on her way to fame and runs away from home with a lot of money for Sharma and Verma", "sent16": "With the introduction of cinema in Japan, became one of the first film genres in opposition again to films, as many films were based on plays.", "sent17": "Ethan is watching a drama.", "sent18": "In 1999, leading Indian director Mani Ratnam selected Madhavan to feature in the leading role of his Tamil romantic drama, \"Alaipayuthey\" (2000) and the film's subsequent critical and commercial success proved to be a breakthrough for him", "sent19": "His early work shared with other film scholars a degree of difficulty as it tried to apply elaborate theories to popular films but, as with the field generally, the intensity of theoretical investigation diminishes in his later work as the emotional impact of specific works takes on greater importance", "sent20": "One of her first feature films is \"Lucky Numbers\" (2000), and she voiced characters on many animated shows, including Shriek on \"CatDog\", and many more on \"American Dad!\", \"Ugly Americans\", \"Adventure Time\", and \"BoJack Horseman\"", "sent21": "He has also played the roles of David Hodges on the crime drama television series ' and its sequel, ' and NASA Administrator Harold Weisner on the Apple TV+ original science fiction space drama series \"For All Mankind\"", "sent22": "Although Troma themselves are notorious for their violent low-budget horror films, TromaDance showcases both shorts and features of varying genres and formats, including comedy, drama, documentary, animation and experimental film, though horror, fantasy and sci-fi usually make up a significant portion of the entries." }, "hypothesis": "Ethan likes emotional narratives.", "proof": "sent3 & sent17 -> Ethan likes emotional narratives.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 485, "premise": "The woman was arrested.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She checked into rehab.", "choice2": "She committed assault.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 88, "premise": "I put my plate in the sink.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "I finished eating.", "choice2": "I skipped dinner.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 352, "premise": "The customer came into the boutique.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The window display caught her eye.", "choice2": "She left her wallet at home.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "On a local scale this means that Derbyshire is to the north of the point, whilst Nottinghamshire is to the south-east and Leicestershire is to the south-west, which is somewhat different from the global arrangement", "sent2": "The position of state of Madhya Pradesh is also in the central part of the country, that is why it is named Madhya Pradesh, that is, the state of the central part", "sent3": "Million is , billion (meaning a thousand million) is , a million million is , a thousand million million is , and so on (\"i.e.\", the long scale is used).", "sent4": "Calidorus is of the upper classes, while Phoenicium is a slave and prostitute and is owned by the pimp Ballio", "sent5": "Liam selects Summit Challenge", "sent6": "Although it is suggested that aspirin is non-inferior to rivaroxaban, it is unclear if aspirin is appropriate for all patients", "sent7": "That is, there is in such that is the smallest positive integer with = , where is the identity element of ", "sent8": "Phares is being attacked because he is on the right side of the issues and is fearless in speaking out the truth..", "sent9": "Chitosan is easier to process that chitin, but it is less stable because it is more hydrophilic and has pH sensitivity", "sent10": "It is used primarily because it has high viscosity, is nontoxic, and is generally considered to be hypoallergenic, as the major source fiber is either softwood pulp or cotton linter", "sent11": "Of those, 52.1% of the school district's enrollment is Hispanic, 25.3% is Caucasian, 13.7% is African American, 3% is Asian, 4% is two or more races, and 1% is American Indian", "sent12": "Eagle's View offers scenic vistas, Summit Challenge for its difficult terrain, and Serene Path for leisurely walks", "sent13": "While it is one of the first stages of embalming, it is also commonly done as a token of respect even when the deceased is not viewed or is directly cremated", "sent14": "The friend, who claims the reason he is not using the password himself is that he is getting married, is run over and killed by a passing truck", "sent15": "If is composite, is divisible by prime which is less than ", "sent16": "Beverly Hills is unique amongst original East Hills Line stations as it is the only station with asymmetrical platforms, that is, Platform 1 is curved but Platform 2 is straight", "sent17": "For example, the scientific name for humans is \"Homo sapiens\", which is the species name, consisting of two names: \"Homo\" is the \"generic name\" (the name of the genus) and \"sapiens\" is the \"specific name\".", "sent18": "In every database a \"When\" category is included automatically so that if a date is embedded within the text, it is interpreted and an assignment is made", "sent19": "Classically, binitarianism is understood as a form of monotheism—that is, that God is absolutely one being—and yet with binitarianism there is a \"twoness\" in God, which means one God family", "sent20": "However, unbalanced lines usually consist of a conductor that is considered the signal line and another conductor that is grounded, or is ground itself", "sent21": "In this instance Looker is still depicted as a vampire, but it is implied she is no longer immune to sunlight or is at least weakened in its presence", "sent22": "Paul's body is foreshortened, and is not facing the viewer, and yet his presence is the most powerful because of his body is pushing into the viewer's space" }, "hypothesis": "Liam is hiking.", "proof": "sent12 & sent5 -> Liam is hiking.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "These two buildings are situated at the north end of the parking lot; the men's rest room is noted for its placement relative to the rock outcroppings and the women's rest room was modified by the WPA in 1941", "sent2": "The new tower's ground floor room became the parish's vestry room, and later (in the 20th century) a robing room for the clergy, and in the deep brick chamber beneath it are interred the ashes of the novelist Dorothy L Sayers, who was a longtime Churchwarden of the parish and member of the St", "sent3": "The music video is computer-animated and shows a little girl who will feature in all the other videoclips of the singles from the album \"Un Monde parfait\"", "sent4": "As part of the \"Upgrade 74\" reconstruction project in 2005, the span's length was shortened to to make room for new entrance ramps on the west side of the river", "sent5": "The forward engine room held the two turbines for the wing shafts, the middle compartment housed the turbines for the port inner shaft and the aft engine room contained the turbines for the starboard inner shaft", "sent6": "Throughout the story, the female protagonist is confined to an upstairs room at the instruction of her husband who is a physician", "sent7": "Open to the public as the Lockwood-Mathews Mansion Museum, the drawing room, music room and rotunda/art gallery are examples of the Herters' interior design schemes, including lavishly carved and inlaid woodwork and frescoed walls and ceilings", "sent8": "The music that appears several times in the film is the \"Kyrie\" from Mozart's \"Great Mass in C minor\", K", "sent9": "Meals were a formal affair, with the family assembling in the dining room and the food brought from the kitchen by a uniformed maid.", "sent10": "For the most part the Yankee composer's source of information about harmonic practices derived from the music and writings on music of such comparatively unskilled English composers as William Tans'ur (1706-1783) and Aaron Williams (1731-1776), who were themselves somewhat outside the mainstream of European sacred music", "sent11": "The music is blaring from the room", "sent12": "There is a dedicated room at the Pechora museum where they display many of the records and artifacts that were recovered from the gulag", "sent13": "She was classically trained, gaining her MMus from the Sibelius Academy in 1992, but has become mostly known as a folk musician having played this music from childhood, besides her classical music studies, and also at the folk music department of the Sibelius Academy.", "sent14": "David shuts off the power to the house from outside, and Georgina gets a hurricane lamp to light the room where she is sitting with Cassie", "sent15": "The music is also described as being, and the band has received the tag \"Party thrash\" from the media", "sent16": "Brooks co-wrote the theme music for the show with jazz legends Stanley Clarke and Butch Morris, the latter of whom also did most of the incidental music for the show.", "sent17": "The music video is mostly footage from the band's September 2005 concert at Van Andel Arena in Grand Rapids, Michigan but includes a CGI scene of a painting forming along with the music", "sent18": "In 1997, the company split the two, spinning off the record label and printed music division, one of the largest church music companies, to Gaylord Entertainment", "sent19": "The Residenz is the largest city palace in Germany and is today open to visitors for its architecture, room decorations, and displays from the former royal collections", "sent20": "The main library soon outgrew the five room space in the Searcy House and was relocated to the historic Jemison House in 1958", "sent21": "The largest room, a 50 square meter workshop on the third floor, is lit with 38 hexagonal windows; equally large living room has a single wide window above the main entrance.", "sent22": "People usually crank up the volume when they want to be quiet." }, "hypothesis": "They might be relaxing or trying to focus.", "proof": "sent11 & sent22 -> They might be relaxing or trying to focus.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 200, "premise": "The woman felt an electric shock.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She pounded on the door.", "choice2": "She grabbed the doorknob.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 45, "premise": "The bird couldn't fly.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "It migrated for the winter.", "choice2": "It injured its wing.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 330, "premise": "The security guard replayed the surveillance footage.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The surveillance camera was out of focus.", "choice2": "He noticed some suspicious activity.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 463, "premise": "The lock opened.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "I made a duplicate of the key.", "choice2": "I turned the key in the lock.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 77, "premise": "The man craved a cigarette.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "His family urged him to quit smoking.", "choice2": "He was addicted to nicotine.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 1076, "premise": "The man opened the umbrella.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "He approached the building.", "choice2": "He got out of the car.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "When exactly the phalanx was developed is uncertain, but it is thought to have been developed by the Argives in their early clashes with the Spartans", "sent2": "It sometimes comes out of the water to gallop on land and, despite the danger, if the aughisky can be caught and tamed then it will make the finest of steeds provided it is not allowed to glimpse the ocean.", "sent3": "When reflecting human emotion and behavior, it is commonly defined as the tendency to react to stimuli with negative affective states (especially anger) and temper outbursts, which can be aggressive", "sent4": "When Magic sand is removed from water, it is completely dry and free-flowing.", "sent5": "It is a mixed cushion-cut sapphire (having a rounded rectangular shape) and is blue with slight shades of violet", "sent6": "Keoti Waterfall is a place in Rewa that will blend you with the locals as it is usually crowded with people be it tourists or the localities.", "sent7": "The segment between California Avenue and Interstate 80 is currently unfunded, and it is unknown when it will be completed", "sent8": "According to the Imperial Irrigation District, although water pollution is a severe problem at the border, by the time the river enters the Salton Sea, the issue is \"not significant\"; water quality improves as the water makes its way north due to the addition of agricultural drain water and through natural cleansing occurring in the intervening ", "sent9": "When asked about Brazilian President Lula da Silva's decision to receive Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, he answered it was a \"genius move\" because \"The more Iran is fenced in, the worse it will be for the rest of the world.\"", "sent10": "In its current location, the observatory will be an island in a sea of houses and some people fear that it will be targeted by vandals or, perhaps, will have to be protected with high, unsightly fences.", "sent11": "Chelsea is expelled from school and Donna is temporarily suspended and warned it will be permanent if she does it again", "sent12": "While a foal is far too young to be ridden, it is still able to learn skills it will need later in life", "sent13": "When Mount Storm Power Station is using the reservoir for cooling, it keeps Mount Storm Lake at a warm temperature that makes it perfect for swimming, boating, and water activities even in cooler weather", "sent14": "When alkali metals are put into water, they may cause violent reactions", "sent15": "When ethyl propionate with an oxygen-18-labeled ethoxy group is treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the oxygen-18 label is completely absent from propionic acid and is found exclusively in the ethanol.", "sent16": "The vehicle is fully amphibious, a trim board is raised at the front of the vehicle before entering the water to improve vehicle's stability and displacement in water and prevent the water from flooding the bow", "sent17": "They think that the water will be the answer to the second line, however Doss says that it is too obvious and that it would not be the sea water", "sent18": "It is said that if a cadejo is killed, it will smell terrible for several days, and then its body will disappear", "sent19": "Another notable health concern is that fire-suppressant foams are toxic in standardized soft and hard water, and it is likely that water creatures will be infected", "sent20": "In this process, charged ionic species—metals or otherwise—are removed from wastewater by allowing it to react with an ion having an opposite charge, or with floc of metallic hydroxides generated within the effluent.", "sent21": "When metallic sodium is mixed with water, it will react violently.", "sent22": "The surfactant is rinsed out with water along with the dirt that it bonds to." }, "hypothesis": "An alkali metal is metallic salt.", "proof": "sent14 & sent21 -> An alkali metal is metallic salt.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The Senior Governor is selected by the Court from among its lay members (those members who come from outside the University community.) In 2016, the Scottish Parliament mandated that a senior lay member be appointed for the governing body of, in Section 1 of the Higher Education Governance (Scotland) Act 2016", "sent2": "To ensure that only the queen's eggs are reared to adulthood, female workers remove worker-laid eggs in a process known as worker policing.", "sent3": "Reproduction appears to be affected by seasonality, with summer months being the time in which females lay majority of their eggs", "sent4": "Female bee moths (\"Aphomia sociella\") have been known to lay eggs in the nests of \"V", "sent5": "Adult trematodes lay smaller numbers of eggs compared to cestodes or nematodes", "sent6": "The eggs are laid by the green anaconda.", "sent7": "Deer flies lay between 100 and 800 eggs in batches on vegetation near water or dampness", "sent8": "Typically, lilac-breasted rollers in Somalia will lay three to four eggs per breeding season", "sent9": "The menu features such staples as eggs, pancakes, and hash browns", "sent10": "Both sexes share incubation of the eggs during the night, whilst during the day, males incubate the eggs", "sent11": "Parasitic insects – such as the parasitoid wasp – lay their eggs in or on the young caterpillars", "sent12": "Policing by aggression, which prevents workers from laying eggs in the first place, leads to increases in colony productivity, while policing by eating the eggs of workers is more likely to result in sex-ratio benefits.", "sent13": "Every organization, every institution and every individual person has an agenda", "sent14": "After the queen's death, the coordination of the colony breaks down and the workers begin to lay eggs", "sent15": "For medical purposes, the exact number of helminth eggs is less important and therefore most diagnoses are made simply by identifying the appearance of the worm or eggs in feces", "sent16": "Generally, thousands or even hundreds of thousands of eggs are produced each time the female worm deposits its eggs - a process called oviposition", "sent17": "Every country goes through a quality-assurance mechanism, called Validation, at least every three years", "sent18": "The hoverfly \"Volucella pellucens\" and some of its relatives lay their eggs in a wasp nest, and their larvae feed on the wasps' young and dead adults", "sent19": "Every time a stunt happens, there's twelve cameras and they use every angle for Avid editing, but I don't feel it in my stomach", "sent20": "Every reptiles lay eggs", "sent21": "These beetles make tunnels in the wood; inside the galleries, the beetles will mate, lay eggs, and watch over their offspring", "sent22": "In this system, reptiles are characterized by traits such as laying membranous or shelled eggs, having skin covered in scales or scutes, and having a 'cold-blooded' metabolism" }, "hypothesis": "The green anaconda is likely a type of reptile.", "proof": "sent20 & sent6 -> The green anaconda is likely a type of reptile.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 184, "premise": "The benefactor requested to stay anonymous.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "He supported the cause behind his donation.", "choice2": "He wanted to maintain his privacy.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Laura Marling uses the tuning on the title track of her 2010 album, \"I Speak Because I Can\"", "sent2": "In the winter, Winterlude uses the location for displays, events and its ice sculpture competition", "sent3": "She later re-married to National cabinet minister Max Bradford.", "sent4": "BSTW is a dictionary-based algorithm that uses a move-to-front transform to keep recently seen dictionary entries at the front of the dictionary", "sent5": "has changed the connectors it uses over time:", "sent6": "Similarly, uses archaic forms of and .", "sent7": "The ASCOD uses Diehl type 129 tracks", "sent8": "The United States Coast Guard uses an equivalent insignia to the U.S", "sent9": "Actually being a water jug with an additional hole, it was played by Igbo women for ceremonial uses", "sent10": "When Wayman attempts to get Shame's attention, Mendoza uses the distraction to escape", "sent11": "The game, which uses the \"FUDGE\" game system, is designed for 1–5 players and a gamemaster.", "sent12": "While rug hooking uses a base fabric of burlap or hessian, latch hooking uses specially woven rug canvas", "sent13": "The veteran BBC tennis broadcaster Max Robertson observed \"Louise was always prone to tighten up at important points, but [she] had a greater breadth of stroke and experience at her command, which just saw her through a keenly fought struggle", "sent14": "Pruning Shears trim plants, Trowel is used for planting, and Rake for gathering leaves", "sent15": "The doctor uses the murderer's DNA to clone him", "sent16": "Although he uses the title, Perry never actually completed a chef apprenticeship.", "sent17": "No language uses manner of motion verbs like 'pour' in the ground syntax", "sent18": "Davies, Walt Kuhn, Marsden Hartley, Stanton Macdonald-Wright, and Max Weber", "sent19": "The Ceres utilized the original BA2 cabin, except it uses a unique front clip", "sent20": "Max uses a Rake.", "sent21": "Series 2 uses the same format", "sent22": "The plant has many ethnobotanical uses" }, "hypothesis": "Max likely cleans up fallen leaves.", "proof": "sent14 & sent20 -> Max likely cleans up fallen leaves.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 1067, "premise": "The board game ended in a disaster.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "My friend explained the rules to me.", "choice2": "My friend got the rules wrong.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The Oklahoma Railway Company (ORy) operated interurban lines to El Reno, Guthrie, and Norman, and several streetcar lines in Oklahoma City, and the surrounding area from 1904 to 1947", "sent2": "It’s as if he carries a listening device, alert for the moments when the tectonic plates of mental experience slide quietly one beneath another to create paradoxes and complexities that call for poems to be made", "sent3": "It was thought that demoniacal forces were attracted to those who were prone to melancholy, particularly to single women and the elderly", "sent4": "According to Frei, \"we can now follow the activity of flavonoids in the body, and one thing that is clear is that the body sees them as foreign compounds and is trying to get rid of them.\"", "sent5": "Beginning 2015 through to 2020, the system would have expanded to include six full-service lines and one rush hour line", "sent6": "Although volcanic activity often leads to warming through the release of greenhouse gasses, it may also lead to cooling via the production of aerosols, light-blocking particles", "sent7": "\"Versifier\" is often used to refer to someone who produces work in verse with the implication that while technically able to make lines rhyme they have no real talent for poetry", "sent8": "The mother sees them doing this and tells them to come have strawberry shortcake", "sent9": "He was the first American playwright to be taken seriously, and at one time, managed to have five plays running simultaneously on Broadway", "sent10": "From what we know about tectonic movement, the time span required to allow the southward movement of Gondwana toward the South Pole would have been too long to trigger this glaciation", "sent11": "Regions prone to seismic activity often have tectonic fault lines running beneath them", "sent12": "Near a fault line, Tokyo is.", "sent13": "The rest of the page is often decorated with dense designs of plants and animals in a muted \"grisaille\", often gold and brown; text pages without miniatures often also have such borders", "sent14": "It resembles a normal running play, but the running back has the option to throw a pass to another eligible receiver before crossing the line of scrimmage.", "sent15": "Although these earlier studies had shown that men were also prone to have hysteria, over time, the condition was related mainly to issues of femininity as the continued study of hysteria took place only in women", "sent16": "Moreover, it’s important to connect the ISP lines to high impedance circuitry both to avoid a damage of the components by the programmer and because the microcontroller often cannot supply enough current to pilot the line", "sent17": "The avatar comments Kara has been running from her past just as she has been running away from death for her entire life and implies eventually, she will have to confront her fears and her \"destiny\"", "sent18": "All six lines running through the station were closed including the undamaged slow lines to allow the injured access to ambulances that left from the goods yard", "sent19": "These objects are too cold for the sublimation of water ice, which drives comet activity closer to the sun, to have much of an effect", "sent20": "They are known to wake up in the early hours of the morning to make their way to the border, where they wait in long lines to cross into the U.S", "sent21": "European drivers were starting to travel to the continent in the summer break, often selling their cars to local drivers rather than bringing them home", "sent22": "Other metres are less commonly used: anapaests 127 lines, cretics 77 lines, bacchiacs 49 lines, trochaic octonarii 31 lines, iambic octonarii 22 lines, other iambic metres 42 lines, other trochaic metres 32 lines." }, "hypothesis": "Tokyo experiences frequent tremors.", "proof": "sent11 & sent12 -> Tokyo experiences frequent tremors.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 417, "premise": "The woman banished the children from her property.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The children trampled through her garden.", "choice2": "The children hit a ball into her yard.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The United States wanted to settle The People on reservations to extinguish their title to other lands and encourage them to adopt the western model of subsistence farming to assimilate to majority culture", "sent2": "When refers to house plants, Succulents store water, Ferns thrive in shade, and Orchids are delicate flowers", "sent3": "In the 10-minute monologue which premiered on her 67th birthday, Aunor played a medical frontliner on a video conference call with her grandchildren, talking about the pain of losing one's husband in the middle of the pandemic and the courage she has to muster every day to deal with this deadly virus face-to-face while tending to the sick", "sent4": "Counter-recruitment campaigns have attempted to change school policy to ban recruiters regardless of the loss of federal funds, to be active about informing students of their ability to opt out, and/or to allow counter-recruiters access to students equal to the access given to military recruiters", "sent5": "According to the \"Copenhagen Post\" Slimane was believed to be one of a number of Danish Muslims who had traveled to Syria to volunteer to help overthrow Assad", "sent6": "Sophia works for Orchids.", "sent7": "Ouémé Department borders Zou Department to the north, Plateau Department to the northeast, Nigeria to the southeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the south, Littoral Department to the southwest, and Atlantique Department to the west", "sent8": "The sediment will be placed to avoid damage to nearshore kelp beds, and to allow the sand to eventually move shoreward and downshore to replenish nearby beaches", "sent9": "Separately, according to the matrilineal system among many Native American tribes, children were considered to be born to and to belong to the mother's people, so were raised as Native American", "sent10": "According to history, Shah Jahan sent a letter of invitation to Aurangzeb to come to Delhi, to peacefully resolve the family crisis", "sent11": "Furthermore, it may also be due to the fact that it was must for Italian filmmakers to move to Rome due to the governments choices and Elvira had no desire to", "sent12": "Most of the injured were taken to the Civic Hospital, which was in the middle of switching from day to night shifts, allowing many medical staff to stay and deal with the influx of patients or to travel to the site to provide aid such as administering morphine to trapped workers", "sent13": "It is regarded as a good location to go to acclimate to the elevation to prevent altitude sickness prior to going more popular tourist destinations like Cusco.", "sent14": "However, at the outset of the Ming, the Hongwu emperor (reg 1368–1398) decided to import the existing master painters to his court in Nanjing, where he had the ability to cultivate their styles to conform to the paintings of the Song masters", "sent15": "His job was to greet visitors to the consulate—many of them intending to become emigrants to the US—and to direct them to the appropriate office", "sent16": "wrote to the governor and offered to lead an expedition upriver to try to pacify the Native Americans and find out the mindset of those at Shamokin, since the Indians there were known to be friendly to settlers", "sent17": "It is surrounded by Anuppur district to the northeast, Umaria district to the north, Jabalpur district to the west, Mandla district to the southwest and Mungeli and Kabirdham districts of Chhattisgarh to the south.", "sent18": "Chhatarpur District is bounded by Uttar Pradesh state to the north, and the Madhya Pradesh districts of Panna to the east, Damoh to the south, Sagar to the southwest, and Tikamgarh to the west", "sent19": "On the surface they seem quite moderate and include: the wish to be able to elect their own pastors; collected tithes to be used only within their own communities; an end to serfdom, with a promise to obey elected and appointed rulers; the right to fish or hunt without limitation; the right to take wood as necessary; a limitation on labour due to lords; an end to traditional peasant services; reasonable rents paid to lords; fair judgements in legal cases; common lands returned to the peasants for common use; an end to the custom of heriot (the right of a lord to seize a peasant's best chattel upon his or her death); and lastly, if any of these demands can be demonstrated to be unsupported by scripture, they are null and void", "sent20": "In 1997, Metrowerks acquired the principal assets of The Latitude Group Inc., a software compatibility layer to port Macintosh applications to UNIX systems, with the intent to use it to port CodeWarrior to run on Solaris, and to extend it to facilitate porting MacOS software to Rhapsody", "sent21": "Unable to afford it, he convinces Martin and Milhouse to pool their money to buy the valuable comic, only to see it destroyed by their selfishness and inability to share", "sent22": "The power to grant compensation to victims and amnesty to perpetrators of the coup is supposed to be subject to presidential approval, but Palmer considered that to be a legal fiction" }, "hypothesis": "Sophia likes tending to delicate plants.", "proof": "sent2 & sent6 -> Sophia likes tending to delicate plants.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 391, "premise": "The retail shop shut down.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "Its sales were lagging.", "choice2": "It renewed its lease.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 1074, "premise": "The man's clothes were cheap.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "He lost weight.", "choice2": "He bought them on sale.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1354, "premise": "The woman was not allowed to drive her car.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She was intoxicated.", "choice2": "She was contagious.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Jake also deals with a technologically minded partner named Matt Axel, and struggles with the uncaring attitudes of his bosses and colleagues towards the poor and the attentions of a police psychiatrist who believes Jake is up to something", "sent2": "After Jake manages to kill the gladiator, the officers attempt to kill Jake themselves", "sent3": "\"Kappa\" at Tufts, founded in 1856, presently enjoys the honor of being the oldest active Charge in continuous existence.", "sent4": "To surprise him further, she disguises herself as a geisha at a dinner party, planning to unveil her identity during the meal.", "sent5": "He enjoys listening to the ticking of the watch he always wears, although he cannot tell time", "sent6": "Jake refuses, but Henry leaves in the night, leaving Lenny behind and giving Jake little choice but to look after her", "sent7": "Jake (played by Danny Glover), a reclusive Vietnam War veteran, has lived in a cabin in the woods of the Pacific Northwest for 35 years, plagued with guilt over the loss of men under his command", "sent8": "Mahbubani said in an interview that he enjoys jogging as a way of relaxing and easing his mind", "sent9": "Other cast members included Jennifer Tilly, Shawn Weatherly and Jake Steinfeld of Body by Jake fame.", "sent10": "He enjoys bowling and was one of only two totally blind Singaporeans who played the sport competitively, even winning a competition organised by the blind associations of Singapore and Perth", "sent11": "El Boquerón enjoys a cool climate year round", "sent12": "SeaSavor, HerbGarden, and FlameGrill are restaurants.", "sent13": "became the sixth CFL Commissioner in history on Friday, June 1, succeeding Jake Gaudaur who had served in that position since 1968.", "sent14": "Contemporary Czech cuisine is more meat-based than in previous periods; the current abundance of farmable meat has enriched its presence in regional cuisine", "sent15": "Robert enjoys his first Christmas with Aaron, Liv and the rest of the Dingles.", "sent16": "Over time however, Lenny encourages Jake to reach out to other veterans living nearby in self-imposed isolation.", "sent17": "The website enjoys 300,000 paid subscribers, about half of whom also subscribe to one of the magazines.", "sent18": "SeaSavor specializes in seafood, HerbGarden in vegetarian cuisine, and FlameGrill in steaks. Jake dines frequently at FlameGrill", "sent19": "The German population enjoys very high living standards at the expense of non-Germans throughout the Reich and occupied nations.", "sent20": "In fact, few who see \"Easy Street\" will fail to be furnished with hearty laughter.\"", "sent21": "On October 24, 1905, the Reds traded Steinfeldt, with Jimmy Sebring, to the Chicago Cubs for Jake Weimer", "sent22": "In 2013, FHS quarterback Jake Browning was named the state Gatorade Player of the Year" }, "hypothesis": "Jake enjoys a hearty meat-based meal.", "proof": "sent12 & sent18 -> Jake enjoys a hearty meat-based meal.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The arrangement seems to refer to a cross plan but all the altars are visible as the two central columns in each arrangement of four are placed on the oblique with respect to the axial ordering of the space", "sent2": "The product includes technology for data-flow analysis, unit test-case generation and execution, static analysis, and more", "sent3": "The schools are very popular and, along with the plentiful green space and good transport links, have attracted many young families to the area.", "sent4": "Brad and Allan are hurled off, and Zod's hat can be seen floating in deep space.", "sent5": "There are light and sound combinations for all seasons and all phases of life", "sent6": "Briefly, the NEC μPD7720 runs at 4 MHz frequency with 128-word 16-bit data RAM, 512-word 13-bit data ROM, and 512-word 23-bit program memory, which has VLIW-like instruction format, enabling all of ALU operation, address register increment/decrement operation, and move operation in one cycle.", "sent7": "Further, the city and windows expand on Notari's public and private stories, with nodes to men being part of the public space while the women the domestic space", "sent8": "Its goals are to educate people around the world about the benefits that they receive from space, encourage use of space for sustainable economic development, foster enthusiastic education and interest in science and cooperation between nations through space outreach and education.", "sent9": "Hubble's experimental observations discovered that, relative to the Earth and all other observed bodies, galaxies are receding in every direction at velocities (calculated from their observed red-shifts) directly proportional to their distance from the Earth and each other", "sent10": "Facilities with telescopes, data analysis and deep space observations are all astronomy.", "sent11": "FAIR, CIS and NumbersUSA are all part of a network of restrictionist organizations conceived and created by John Tanton, the \"puppeteer\" of the nativist movement and a man with deep racist roots", "sent12": "The neutrons produced by a research reactor are used for neutron scattering, non-destructive testing, analysis and testing of materials, production of radioisotopes, research and public outreach and education", "sent13": "It is characterised by a deep, calyx-shaped bowl with a flanged rim and a stemmed foot, and a domed lid", "sent14": "There are hopes that nearby streetlights might be lowered and shielded to reduce interference with observations, but in truth the instrument is little used and interest in the observatory is mainly historical.", "sent15": "(1923–2005) worked on the Senate space and astronautics committee, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and was executive director emeritus of the National Space Society, a space advocacy group.", "sent16": "The more informal and unstructured employee observations and evaluations are, the more vulnerable superiors will be to bias", "sent17": "The observatory is astronomical", "sent18": "The three nations currently launching crewed space missions use different methods to identify the ground and space radio stations; the United States uses either the names given to the space vehicles, or else the project name and mission number", "sent19": "The conformal boundary of an anti-de Sitter space (or its universal covering space) is the conformal Minkowski space (or its universal covering space) with one fewer dimension", "sent20": "The first public open and mobile data network using MDI DataTAC was found in Hong Kong as Hutchison Mobile Data Limited (a subsidiary of Hutchison Telecom), where public end-to-end data services are provided for enterprises, FedEx, and consumer mobile information services were also offered called MobileQuotes with financial information, news, telebetting and stock data.", "sent21": "The data is divided into 2,094 tiles that represent 5 × 5-degree areas of the globe, except data obtained from Penn State which is broken up by pre-1992 national boundaries, and data from the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) which is broken into just five tiles", "sent22": "Examples are principal component analysis and discriminant analysis, and the quartimax and oblimax methods in factor analysis." }, "hypothesis": "The observatory has telescopes.", "proof": "sent17 & sent10 -> The observatory has telescopes.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 155, "premise": "The woman received a diploma.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She enrolled in college.", "choice2": "She graduated from college.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Born in Palermo, he often visited the botanical garden (\"l'Orto Botanico\") founded in Messina by the Roman doctor Pietro Castelli, who became his instructor", "sent2": "Two trains are used to provide tours of the zoo.", "sent3": "There are educational programs, and guided tours at the park.", "sent4": "The garden of the hunting lodge and the surrounding hunting estate are clearly distinguished in Stupinigi: the complex, in fact, is part of a large geometric garden, characterized by a continuous succession of flowerbeds, parterres and avenues", "sent5": "At Avilon Zoo guided tours and educational field trips offer guests the opportunity to learn about wildlife", "sent6": "ALL spaces characterized by diverse flora collections, educational exhibits, and guided tours are commonly identified are botanical garden ", "sent7": "His novels are characterized by a concern for the working class", "sent8": "The most common sizes are and by ", "sent9": "There are regular regional and international educational medical physics activities", "sent10": "Here there are several exhibits of the Ralswiek boat discovery.", "sent11": "Temporary exhibits are changed every three months", "sent12": "The visitor center is the start of many guided tours of the refuge and it is home to exhibits that discuss the history of Jamaica Bay, the wide array of wildlife that can be found there, and the impact of human activity.", "sent13": "Two years largely confined in bed forced him to take up botanical drawing and when he was able to walk again took up work at Kew as a botanical illustrator", "sent14": "The Center also features exhibits about the construction of the Fort Peck Dam and the area's cultural history, and offers guided tours of the powerhouse", "sent15": "Other individual miniatures are held in a number collections", "sent16": "In 1897, it was fully mapped by Andrea Perko, properly equipped for guided tours in 1905 by Club Touristi Triestini, and inaugurated in 1908", "sent17": "To stabilize sand dunes, foredune flora and backdune flora are planted", "sent18": "The neighborhood has several public spaces that are used of for major events throughout the year", "sent19": "Examples of Herter furniture are in major public collections in the United States", "sent20": "There are several educational institutions in Goaso", "sent21": "They are commonly referred to as facilitators", "sent22": "The spaces \"F\"\"n\"(C\"k\") and \"G\"\"n\"(C\"k\") are CW-complexes" }, "hypothesis": "The Kew Gardens are probably a botanical garden.", "proof": "sent6 & sent3 -> The Kew Gardens are probably a botanical garden.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The hydrogen produced during direct carbon capture can then be upcycled to form hydrogen for energy consumption, or other manufactured laboratory reagents such as hydrochloric acid", "sent2": "It is a weapon which can be easily hidden prior to use, and due to this fact can be devastatingly effective", "sent3": "It can also be a time period after a payment due date within which the fee can be paid without penalty", "sent4": "A gemsbok horn can be fashioned into a natural trumpet and, according to some authorities, can be used as a \"shofar\".", "sent5": "Reactions that can be used in DCvC are diverse and can be placed into two general categories", "sent6": "Obstacles include crates which can be used to create platforms to reach higher ledges, fires that must be extinguished before they can be passed, water hazards which only Mr", "sent7": "Speaking of contemporary film-making in 2004, Willis said:\"I'm delighted that people can fly, dogs can talk, and anything destructive can be fashioned on the screen, but much of what's being done lacks structure or taste", "sent8": "Conversely, energy can be used to pump water up into the lake above the dam, and chemical energy can be used to create electrochemical gradients.", "sent9": "Only 256 of the available 512 characters can be used concurrently by the user, but characters from either character set can be mixed and matched to total up to 256 and characters can be hot swapped to in software", "sent10": "In general, conversions between acyl derivatives must proceed from a relatively reactive compound to a less reactive one to be practical; an acid chloride can easily be converted to an ester, but converting an ester directly to an acid chloride is essentially impossible", "sent11": "One equivalent of PCl3 can react with three equivalents of acid, producing one equivalent of H3PO3, or phosphorus acid, in addition to the desired acid chloride", "sent12": "Furthermore, empirical evidence can also be twisted to show that discrimination does not exist or it is so trivial that it can be ignored", "sent13": "Carbonic acid can be produced.", "sent14": "Because most mathematical objects can be described in terms of strings, or as the limit of a sequence of strings, it can be used to study a wide variety of mathematical objects, including integers", "sent15": "By monitoring the subsequent call-back from employers, unequal treatment based on this characteristic can be measured and can be given a causal interpretation.", "sent16": "Ingredients vary and can change, for instance cubanelle peppers can substitute for bell peppers, celery can replace onions, and parsley or culantro can be used in place of cilantro.", "sent17": "While anhydrides cannot be converted to acid halides, they can be converted to the remaining acyl derivatives", "sent18": "Due to its NP-completeness, any problem in NP can be reduced to exact cover problems, which then can be solved with techniques such as Dancing Links", "sent19": "PAL labeling can be confusing to consumers, especially as there can be many variations on the wording of the warning", "sent20": "The predominant fatty acids in the puffball are linoleic acid (37% of the total fatty acids), oleic acid (24%), palmitic acid (14.5%), and stearic acid (6.4%).", "sent21": "Carbonic acid may be formed when carbon dioxide is dissolved.", "sent22": "It can be used as a substitute for hops in beer manufacturing or can be added to baked goods." }, "hypothesis": "A neutralization reaction occurs when carbon dioxide is dissolved in water", "proof": "sent21 & sent13 -> A neutralization reaction occurs when carbon dioxide is dissolved in water", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Emily has had some memory issues.", "sent2": "Compaq manufactured four memory expansion boards, 512 KB and 2048 KB ISA memory cards and 512 KB and 1536 KB memory boards that attached to the back of the motherboard", "sent3": "Insufficient sleep may result in decreased cognitive function", "sent4": "In its place, some macroscopic physical change in the detection screen has appeared, e.g., an exposed spot in a sheet of photographic film, or a change in electric potential in some cell of a CCD.", "sent5": "He spent some time in Paris, where he established that some symphonies that had been published as the work of Joseph Haydn were in fact his work", "sent6": "These political campaigns have had some success, particularly in the Los Angeles area, where one has been led by the Coalition Against Militarism in Our Schools, and the San Francisco Bay Area", "sent7": "The PX-8 did not have an internal disk drive, and instead allowed either memory to be partitioned into application memory and a RAM disk, or an external 60 KB or 120 KB intelligent RAM disk module to be attached (64K and 128K internally but some used for the processor)", "sent8": "The church tower has four bells and has had a clock since 1709", "sent9": "\"It is habitude clarified by memory, more than memory itself strictly speaking.\" Pure memory, on the other hand, registers the past in the form of \"image-remembrance,\" representing the past, recognized as such", "sent10": "The system had been used in some common law jurisdictions and continues to be used in some jurisdictions, including most of the United States.", "sent11": "It began to gain support from some church groups in various countries, primarily in Europe, as well as some direct support from some European governments and international groups.", "sent12": "Recent conferences have covered topics such as regulation of the profession of nurses, socio-economic welfare issues, leadership issues and advanced practice issues.", "sent13": "Writing for \"Time Out\", author SGr exclaimed, \"Lumet has made 40–odd films, some classic, some lousy", "sent14": "For the Dukes of the often divided country had felt the need to keep some distance from the frequently rebellious city dwellers at the one hand and for some defence against their warlike relatives at the other", "sent15": "Several had children, some had a hard time combining it with BQ", "sent16": "all of its elements have order for some natural number ) if and only if has order for some natural number ", "sent17": "Two models were available; the cheaper 80-column card has just enough extra RAM to double the video memory capacity, and the Extended 80-Column Text Card has an additional 64 kilobytes of RAM, bringing the computer's total RAM to 128 KB.", "sent18": "Passenger versions had a canopy and some had oar locks.", "sent19": "Her first tenure with the Outsiders showed how much the mousy Emily Briggs had changed, as she became obsessed with her beauty, something that usually created some tension between her and Katana", "sent20": "Cook has had some near-misses in senior majors", "sent21": "The next day the Altair with 7 kB had finally passed its memory test and Allen had their BASIC interpreter on a paper tape Bill Gates had created just before Allen left Boston", "sent22": "For example, in a computer that has multiple CPUs or other devices accessing computer memory, and has more than one clock, the possibility exists that requests from two unsynchronized sources could come in at nearly the same time" }, "hypothesis": "Emily has slept less every night.", "proof": "sent3 & sent1 -> Emily has slept less every night.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 74, "premise": "The man's clothes fit loosely.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "He bought them on sale.", "choice2": "He lost weight.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "However, these tactics may not be good, and the union spirit may be so strong that a big organization cannot be prevented", "sent2": "In addition, others have suggested that Grendel's mother may be associated with the Norse figures of the valkyries and of the goddess Gefion who may be an extension of Frigg and Freyja", "sent3": "It might be assumed that the speed of the car and its position could be operationally defined and measured simultaneously, as precisely as might be desired.", "sent4": "A 2015 study examined the rate of extinction and suggested that the species might still be extant and using the habitat preference of monal suggest that there might be some locations around Mussoorie where intensive surveys could be attempted.", "sent5": "The guns could be depressed to −3° and elevated to 30°; they could be loaded at any angle up to 20°, although loading at high angles tended to slow the gun's return to battery", "sent6": "Each jurisdiction that regulates communications requires all types of equipment, and especially radio communications equipment, that are not specifically exempted (by reason of low power output, for instance) to be tested for conformance to local regulations before it is approved for use in that jurisdiction", "sent7": "The Rector, when present, will preside over meetings of the Court but may not otherwise normally be involved in Court business in the way that a company chairman might be", "sent8": "More to behind, the lower jugal bones and quadrate bones flare out sidewards, so that the skull is much wider at its rear lower edges than at the top surface, resulting in a trapezium-shaped profile in posterior view.", "sent9": "The discovery of the first signature of Euphronios in 1838 revealed that individual painters could be identified and named, so that their works might be ascribed to them", "sent10": "On the other hand, a CAD drawing may have lines at any angle, there may be curved lines, and there may be several line weights (thick for objects and thin for dimension lines)", "sent11": "Unlike a viewing, the body may or may not be present and it may or may not be held in a funeral home.", "sent12": "However, disadvantages include: first, the wage might be very low when skills and sector are not taken into consideration, secondly, adjustment may take time, thirdly, enforcement may not be feasible and finally when there are public spending cuts, the real value of the wage may decline due to social security.", "sent13": "He went on to state that the comic would be less focused on Striker, that they could advertise from the strip in The Sun, that the overheads would be far lower and that adults would be their target audience", "sent14": "Satellite communications are interrupted and radio signals are altered.", "sent15": "This can be effective because the quarterback usually does very little after handing off or pitching the ball to the running back on most plays, and the defense might not be expecting him to be used as an active receiver", "sent16": "Averruncus may be among the \"indigitamenta\" pertaining to another god such as Apollo or Mars, that is, it may be a name to be used in a prayer formulary to fix the local action of the invoked deity", "sent17": "Born in Toronto, Ontario, O'Brian was educated at the University of Toronto and Emerson College in Boston, graduating in 1969 with a double major in mass communications and film", "sent18": "Before a major solar flare, disturbances in radio signals may occur, satellite communications could be disrupted, and auroras might be visible at lower latitudes", "sent19": "After numerous rumours to the effect that he would be hired by other radio stations in the Quebec City market (which turned out to be unfounded) or by a satellite radio group, he announced his intention of launching a subscription-only Internet radio service", "sent20": "The term may also be applied to decisions and events that are considered to be trivial in the grand scheme of things but that may be overemphasized in a smaller community, such as disputes between neighbors.", "sent21": "They may be incompetent, they may be predictable, they may be badly acted or awkwardly directed, but at some level the filmmakers are enjoying themselves and at least trying to entertain an audience", "sent22": "An assessment format may already be in place to be used at specific facilities and in specific circumstances." }, "hypothesis": "There is a chance of an imminent solar Flare.", "proof": "sent18 & sent14 -> There is a chance of an imminent solar Flare.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Highlights of port visits were visits to: Bangkok, Thailand; Sasebo and Yokosuka Japan; Hong Kong; Pusan, Korea; and the Philippines", "sent2": "Neither Weiss nor Green were re-elected, as Weiss died before the election and was replaced on the ballot by Jerrold Nadler, while Green was defeated by Democrat Carolyn Maloney.", "sent3": "In June 2008, film director Michael Bay intended for Green to cameo in \"\" (2009), but Green reportedly was difficult to direct and so Bay opted not to have him appear", "sent4": "Shades of Green guests have full transportation to all Walt Disney World theme parks, provided by Escot Bus Lines, with Shades of Green wrapped buses", "sent5": "They are alternatively known as Large Green and Little Green", "sent6": "Mia visits Green Haven often.", "sent7": "Large Green in particular is reputedly the largest green in England", "sent8": "Alexandra spends the winter alone, except for occasional visits from Marie, whom she visits with Mrs", "sent9": "Glazed tile decoration in the \"cuerda seca\" technique was used in other early Ottoman monuments, particularly in the Green Mosque and the associated Green Tomb in Bursa", "sent10": "In the first years of its run in New Haven, the renamed Pilot Pen International saw its competition dominated by Lindsay Davenport (four-time runner-up in New Haven, one previous time in Stone Mountain, and 2005 champion) and Venus Williams (four-time champion from 1999 to 2002).", "sent11": "The Barnt Green Cricket Club is an amateur cricket club in Barnt Green, near Bromsgrove in North Worcestershire", "sent12": "His home run over the Green Monster tied the game at 6–6 in the eighth, and in the bottom of the ninth, he added a game-winning hit off the Green Monster to lead the Red Sox to a walk-off win against the Rangers, 7–6", "sent13": "The location of a community garden is a critical factor in how often the community garden is used and who visits it", "sent14": "He was on constant visits to metropolitan cities to sell advertisement space on the newspaper, and hired reporters on a part-time basis during his visits for newsgathering in those cities", "sent15": "In February 2022, Green's manager launched an NFT on the Goldin's Auction platform, which allowed the winning bidder to receive a physical rookie card signed by Green as well as a video of Green telling his life story", "sent16": "Sunset Park has playgrounds, Green Haven hiking trails, and Lakeview a serene lake", "sent17": "Reason why, it foments international experiences in the students through several modalities: realization of semesters of exchange in other universities, with which it has an agreement; internships and work practices abroad; as well as short programs of visits to other countries, either in missions, visits or summer programs, among others", "sent18": "Kunz, who refused to testify against Green at the trial, was born in 1972, and gave birth to her first child with Green in 1986", "sent19": "In February 2010, she was shortlisted by the Green Globe Film Awards which was later renamed to Green Planet Movie Awards as one of the 10 Best Asian Actresses of the Decade", "sent20": "More than half (56.3 percent) received minimally adequate treatment, defined as having three or more visits with a provider, or any number of visits if termination was agreed to by the provider.", "sent21": "Great Horton is west of Bradford and east of the village of Clayton and also includes Scholemore, Paradise Green, Lidget Green and Pickles Hill", "sent22": "Her stepmother Marzieh Meshkini made \"The Day I Became a Woman\" and Samira's sister Hana Makhmalbaf started her career with \"The Joy of Madness\", a behind-the-scenes documentary about Samira's film \"At Five in the Afternoon\", and has subsequently made two features, Buddha Collapsed out of Shame and \"Green Days\", a film about the Green Revolution that was banned in Iran." }, "hypothesis": "Mia is likely interested in hiking.", "proof": "sent16 & sent6 -> Mia is likely interested in hiking.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "In addition, the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation in 1964 was considered the death knell of the Steady State, although this prediction was only qualitative, and failed to predict the exact temperature of the CMB", "sent2": "After the French Revolution and the restoration to Rome of the papal government, the new conditions suggested the adoption of the \"Academy\" as a link between the old and the new, and as a means of invigorating ecclesiastical culture and of promoting the defence of the Church", "sent3": "With the union of the crowns of Castille and Aragon (1479), the use of Castilian (Spanish) gradually became more prestigious and marked the start of the relative decline of the Catalan", "sent4": "Generally, if the temperature of the surrounding area falls below 2 °C, the wasps will not proceed with foraging even if the temperature of the nest itself is optimal", "sent5": "The Global Alliance on Community-Engaged Research is a promising effort to \"use knowledge and community-university partnership strategies for democratic social and environmental change and justice, particularly among the most vulnerable people and places of the world.\" It calls for the active involvement of community members and researchers in all phases of the action inquiry process, from defining relevant research questions and topics to designing and implementing the investigation, sharing the available resources, acknowledging community-based expertise, and making the results accessible and understandable to community members and the broader public", "sent6": "These work by separating an inside and an outside lens with an air chamber, that allows for the difference in temperature between the inside and the outside of the mask without forming condensation", "sent7": "During the peak of summer, the temperature may rise to during the day, but in the winter months, the minimum temperature may fall below ", "sent8": "The water level in the reservoir sometimes drops low enough to reveal the remains of houses and roads; this happened in the 1970s, the 1990s, and in the summer of 2018.", "sent9": "In a MCC composite however this is not the case, if the interaction between the filler and matrix is stronger than the filler-filler interaction the mechanical strength of the composite is noticeably decreased.", "sent10": "The science of the Kelimutu lakes is relatively well-known, and the changes in color and temperature are concluded to be related to volcanic activity and the resulting fluid flux at vents at the bottom of the lakes", "sent11": "The months where the temperature is higher and the suffocating heat are: March and April and the month of September.", "sent12": "The colony starts in April as the queen begins the foundation of the nest and degenerates around October when the temperature drops and the queen dies", "sent13": "On the north of the cathedral is the former government building of the city, on the west the Episcopal Vicariate General of the Diocese, in the south the \"Gymnasium Josephinum\" school and on the east the Labour Court of the city.", "sent14": "In Olympic weightlifting, the good-morning is used as the most efficient assistance exercise to train the second phase of the clean or snatch pull and bases of squat positions in snatch drops and clean squat positions", "sent15": "Prior to a significant solar eclipse, there might be a gradual dimming of sunlight, casting shadows with crescent shapes, and a noticeable drop in temperature", "sent16": "This would maintain the temperature of the wine part way between room temperature and 0 °C, though, it would be closer to room temperature than to 0 °C because the outer surface area of the wine is greater than the inner surface area", "sent17": "Sunlight gradually dims and the temperature noticeably drops", "sent18": "In the case of \"Ascaris lumbricoides\" (giant roundworm), which has been considered the most resistant and common helminth type, fertilized eggs deposited in soil are resistant to desiccation but are, at this stage of development, very sensitive to environmental temperatures: The reproduction of a fertilized egg within the eggshell develops at an environmental soil temperature about 25 °C which is lower than the body temperature of the host (i.e., 37 °C for humans)", "sent19": "Brampton, like most of the United Kingdom, has a temperate and oceanic, or \"Cfb\" under the Köppen climate classification Eastern areas such as East Anglia are drier, cooler and less windy, with greater daily and seasonal temperature variations than the rest of England", "sent20": "Early drafts of the screenplay focused on the sensual elements of the story, and subsequent drafts gradually began adding more of the narrative taking place behind the scenes of the show", "sent21": "He called for the Jizyah tax to be imposed on non-Muslims saying 'The obstinate person should become less obstinate in the face of what should return him gradually to the truth.' He believed in the \"Consultative System of Leadership\" and called for the establishment of the Leadership Council of Religious Authorities", "sent22": "The plot device of having him appear to be immortal and indestructible but in constant pain and gradually losing his sanity as a result, due to the schemes of his equally immortal arch-foe, the Oriental female crime lord Yi Yang, caused his time setting to be gradually moved from the 1930s up to contemporary times." }, "hypothesis": "A significant solar eclipse might be imminent.", "proof": "sent15 & sent17 -> A significant solar eclipse might be imminent.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The Hole in the Wall bar was at 279 Water Street, Manhattan, more recently the site of the historic Bridge Cafe.", "sent2": "It is specifically stated – on multiple occasions – that \"the many-angled ones live at the bottom of the Mandelbrot set\".", "sent3": "Saint-Gaudens purchased the property in 1885 at the urging of Charles Cotesworth Beaman Jr., a friend and New York City lawyer, who had purchased the nearby Blow-Me-Down Farm (now also part of the historic site) and established it as a summer residence", "sent4": "The plains Aboriginal people are the Nyigina and further south are the Walmajarri, the people of the Great Sandy Desert.", "sent5": "The new gym was built perpendicular to the old on the south side of the school.", "sent6": "The promotion held multiple live events per month, with the majority taking place at the Wrestle Factory", "sent7": "The people who had the mountain lion chief turned were to be the people of the Earth", "sent8": "The Church of the Visitation was, until recently, the largest wooden church west of the Mississippi River", "sent9": "The indigenous people of the district were part of the Ngunnawal people", "sent10": "In this article the author explains that in the summer of the year 2006 he had purchased about two-hundred recently discovered and unearthed Ban Liang cash coins", "sent11": "The first grandstand at the ground was purchased from the old Elsternwick racecourse and erected in 1892 at the southern end of the ground", "sent12": "In it, she notes: \"The viewer holds the position as the complement, an avenue, through multiple interpretations, give [sic] multiple dimensions to the work", "sent13": "Bradmore was, until quite recently, a farming community, but now the conversion of farm buildings to private residences has altered the nature of the village, and it has become a place to live for people who work in Nottingham and the surrounding areas", "sent14": "The business was very seasonal, as generally the guitars were only purchased at the end of the harvest season and at Christmas when they were used by serenading groups", "sent15": "The partitioning of the Ottoman Empire began with the Treaty of London (1915) and continued with mostly bilateral multiple agreements among the Allies", "sent16": "The recently discovered copper deposit at Malanjkhand is regarded as the largest in the country", "sent17": "Gym-goers use dumbbells for strength training and yoga mats for yoga sessions", "sent18": "Austin promoted the Reebok Freestyle sneaker, which was the first athletic shoe designed for women, making it an instant hit in the gym in the 1980s", "sent19": "The people at the gym recently purchased multiple yoga mats.", "sent20": "In 2001, the group purchased the 466-seat theatre, making it the permanent home of the ensemble", "sent21": "During the off-season, the owners of the Cleveland Spiders purchased the St", "sent22": "The theory has been recently reinforced by the discovery of remains of Castraña houses on the slopes of the mountains." }, "hypothesis": "The gym recently opened yoga classes", "proof": "sent17 & sent19 -> The gym recently opened yoga classes", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 82, "premise": "The woman spoke with a foreign accent.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She came from a wealthy family.", "choice2": "She migrated from another country.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 1051, "premise": "I went to the toilet.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "I was thirsty.", "choice2": "I felt nauseous.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 368, "premise": "The spy discovered the enemy's location.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The spy was hired by the government.", "choice2": "The spy bugged the enemy's phone.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 123, "premise": "The inside of the train went dark.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The train travelled through a tunnel.", "choice2": "The train ran off the tracks.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 1, "id": 70, "premise": "The boy tuned the radio.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The station was playing rock music.", "choice2": "The station was coming in with static.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "At the end of May, after the team released Buddy Bell, Petralli was moved to designated hitter, with Kreuter and Sundberg taking over catching duties.", "sent2": "Emily got a computer.", "sent3": "She also traveled through western Europe during the war, taking photographs of children in dire conditions", "sent4": "In the same match, Clark claimed his best ever first-class figures at the time, taking 6/39 in South Australia's second innings", "sent5": "Restoration is currently taking place through the park's Prairie Care Project, to rehabilitate oak savanna and prairie areas", "sent6": "He kept his business growing by adopting an acquisition strategy, taking over local grocery stores", "sent7": "Emily Beesly became president of the women's liberal association of Paddington after their move to Warrington Crescent in 1886", "sent8": "However, Courtney sees Nikolas and his ex-wife Emily together, and she breaks up with Nikolas, thinking that Nikolas and Emily belong together.", "sent9": "The remainder of the year and part of 1959 saw the destroyer taking part in local and fleet operations from New York to the Caribbean", "sent10": "Clark played 9 matches in the season, taking 45 wickets at an average of 23.26", "sent11": "Points are won for taking tricks and lost for taking Jacks", "sent12": "He had a poor debut season, taking only 4 wickets at an average of 76.75", "sent13": "He also trained with the Imperial Russian Navy, taking a dive in a submarine, and also diving using a diving suit", "sent14": "In 1869 Beesly married Emily, youngest daughter of Charles John Crompton, justice of the queen's bench, and his wife, Caroline", "sent15": "Fisher, taking into account of his previous views, most probably argued firm resistance to the King's demands.", "sent16": "He protected Thomas Kendall when he left his wife, taking a Māori wife and participating in Māori religious ceremonies", "sent17": "Among the various smartphones, iPhone is famed for its camera, and both Samsung and the newer Google's model, called the Pixel, have battery life that is longer.", "sent18": "He worked on several Lacewood animated productions, notably as the voice of Dragon in \"The Railway Dragon\", alongside Tracey Moore, who played Emily", "sent19": "The network would continue in this role through 1975, with CBS taking over the rights the following year", "sent20": "Again taking up the harmonica, he started a band, El Riot and the Rebels, with bassist John Lodge", "sent21": "Doing more to a product than is required by the end-customer results in it taking longer and costing more to produce", "sent22": "The A4 was once a toll road through the forest, taking the Marlborough to Hungerford traffic" }, "hypothesis": "Emily likes taking photos.", "proof": "sent17 & sent2 -> Emily likes taking photos.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "However last volcanic activity at Orca Seamount is judged to have occurred in the recent past as there are temperature anomalies in the seawater around the seamount", "sent2": "A roast profile can be presented as a graph showing time on one axis and temperature on the other, which can be recorded manually or using computer software and data loggers linked to temperature probes inside various parts of the roaster.One method of determining the degree of roast is to evaluate the bean's color", "sent3": "The iris hypothesis was a hypothesis proposed by Richard Lindzen and colleagues in 2001 that suggested increased sea surface temperature in the tropics would result in reduced cirrus clouds and thus more infrared radiation leakage from Earth's atmosphere", "sent4": "There is a chill in the air and dark clouds before a storm, indicating the potential for icy precipitation.", "sent5": "This would maintain the temperature of the wine part way between room temperature and 0 °C, though, it would be closer to room temperature than to 0 °C because the outer surface area of the wine is greater than the inner surface area", "sent6": "The evidence she gathered was later used in the preparation of indictments by the International Criminal Court for the Former Yugoslavia in The Hague", "sent7": "Musically the song is a power ballad written in the key of C major, with Tremonti playing in drop D tuning and Stapp singing in his signature baritone singing voice", "sent8": "The lowest average temperature is usually recorded in August and can be , while the highest average temperature is observed during November reaching ", "sent9": "The reaction is ortho and para selective and one of the two products can be favoured by changing reaction conditions, such as temperature and solvent.", "sent10": "During the peak of summer, the temperature may rise to during the day, but in the winter months, the minimum temperature may fall below ", "sent11": "Angelipups are a group of winged, candy-colored puppies who live in the sky and are responsible for keeping clouds fluffy; the in-comic TV show combines surreal humor with moral and educational elements", "sent12": "The observed shifts in the δ18O isotopic indicator would require a sea-level fall of 100 meters and a drop of 10 °C in tropical ocean temperatures to have occurred during this glacial episode", "sent13": "The difference in changes in temperature between basins is one of the main reasons for the differences in acidification rates in different localities.", "sent14": "In 1962, Sligo reached the Connacht final against Roscommon, and led for much of the match only to be blighted by a sudden string of injuries, miss a 50 while two points ahead in the final minute, and then gift soon-to-be All-Ireland finalists Roscommon a goal in what is considered \"one of the great football tragedies in Connacht\"", "sent15": "When molecular clouds collapse to form stars, the temperature of the resulting circumstellar disk isn't expected to rise above 120 K, indicating that the majority of the ice should remain in an amorphous state", "sent16": "Attendance began to drop in the early 1970s, and then the team faced competition with both the Washington Capitals, and the WHA in the 1974–75 season.", "sent17": "The song is written in the key of D major, with Tremonti playing in drop D tuning and Stapp singing in baritone", "sent18": "The temperature differences between shaded and non-shaded area in most areas where the yakhchāls were constructed often have temperature differences of nearly 15 to 20 °C, making shade walls necessary for production and storage, as well as giving workers extra time to harvest ice", "sent19": "The months where the temperature is higher and the suffocating heat are: March and April and the month of September.", "sent20": "The clouds have gathered and a sudden drop in temperature is felt.", "sent21": "The science of the Kelimutu lakes is relatively well-known, and the changes in color and temperature are concluded to be related to volcanic activity and the resulting fluid flux at vents at the bottom of the lakes", "sent22": "Generally, if the temperature of the surrounding area falls below 2 °C, the wasps will not proceed with foraging even if the temperature of the nest itself is optimal" }, "hypothesis": "There could be an imminent hailstorm.", "proof": "sent4 & sent20 -> There could be an imminent hailstorm.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 298, "premise": "The screen on the laptop went black.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The laptop's battery died.", "choice2": "The laptop's warranty expired.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "At the north and east of the town, there is the road of national interest Strada statale 33 del Sempione, which in the past was crossing the town itself, in the current \"corso Europa\"", "sent2": "Historically, families would be less associated with the town in which they lived and more with the home in which they were raised", "sent3": "The second category includes paintings that combine Iranian and Chinese art, with a more tangible influence of Chinese art, and the third category consists of paintings abundant in Chinese elements and are almost foreign in nature", "sent4": "Disputes between the \"senatus academicus\" and the town council on the early 19th century over which body had the authority to make degree regulations led to a royal commission in 1826–30 and eventually the 1858 Universities (Scotland) Act, which removed the governance of the university from the town council", "sent5": "Consequently he fashioned a saw out of iron, by means of which he would saw the lumber which he used in his work, and for this accomplishment he gained the reputation of having discovered a device which would be of great service to the art of building", "sent6": "The beginning of the song, in the original Italian, is here followed by a literal translation and the first two lines of the English version which contains an Italian expression, \"Fa' subito!\", which translates as \"do it right away\", but which does not appear in the Italian lyrics", "sent7": "Chief Baron of the Exchequer built Pilton Causeway which links the town of Barnstaple and village of Pilton, which were then separated by the treacherous marshy ground in which flowed the tidal meanders of the small River Yeo", "sent8": "The Blue Front Cafe is a historic old juke joint made of cinder blocks in Bentonia, Mississippi which played an important role in the development of the blues in Mississippi", "sent9": "Yeo proposed the idea of having Integrated Resorts (IRs) in Singapore, which would include casinos, which was intensely debated for a year", "sent10": "It serves the town of Tarcoola and is the northern junction of the Sydney-Perth and Adelaide-Darwin railways, which share approximately of track between Tarcoola and Crystal Brook.", "sent11": "Rho (; ; ) is a town and \"comune\" (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about northwest of Milan", "sent12": "In 1907, another riot occurred in Vancouver in which participants protested all Chinese immigration", "sent13": "The design itself shows a town wall with two corner towers of the same height, between which is a taller tower with a pointed roof, and in the middle of the town wall a town gate with a coat of arms.", "sent14": "Land was also sold in the town of Nashua, which may have been a confidence trick; the town never existed except on paper and was in fact sited in a marsh.", "sent15": "There was an active mill in the town, which was operational from 1810 until about 1940, the mill was demolished in April 2010, an event which caused some local anger", "sent16": "Many members of Umbra took part in Black Arts and post-Black Arts activity, including Ishmael Reed's Before Columbus Foundation in California, David Henderson's involvement with the Nuyorican Poets Cafe in New York, and Tom Dent's work with The Free Southern Theatre in New Orleans", "sent17": "Until recently, restaurants and cafes were very limited in the suburb, however currently Woody Point boasts some of the most highly rated and recognised restaurants on the Redcliffe Peninsula including The Belvedere Hotel, Maple Cafe and Butcher, Baker, Coffeemaker.", "sent18": "Cafes in a town include Cafe X, which specializes in Italian food, Cafe Y, which serves Mexican dishes, and Cafe Z, which offers a variety of Chinese delicacies.", "sent19": "Greater burdock root is known as \"niúbàng\" () in Chinese, which was borrowed into Japanese as \"gobō\" and Korean as \"ueong\" (), and is widely eaten in Japan, Korea and Taiwan", "sent20": "The University of Miami's School of Law offers participation in the Student Bar Association, (SBA), which serves as the law school's student government and works closely with the faculty and administration to improve student life on the law school campus", "sent21": "He was a member of the Italian teams which finished runners-up to Australia in the Davis Cup in 1960 and 1961.", "sent22": "Mary often visits Cafe Z." }, "hypothesis": "Mary likes Chinese food.", "proof": "sent18 & sent22 -> Mary likes Chinese food.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The song was also heard in the 2018 film \"The Old Man & the Gun\", while his song \"Milk and Honey\" was heard in the 2003 film \"The Brown Bunny\"", "sent2": "However, Retro 105 was only heard in Los Angeles whereas Unforgettable was classified as syndicated and was heard on KNRY in Monterey, California, as well", "sent3": "Hikers heard distant rumblings.", "sent4": "Throughout late 2004 and much of 2005, little was heard on the band's situation", "sent5": "The focus of the experiment was to find out whether the grammatical and semantic categories and relations were correlated in the speech children heard", "sent6": "The conversation had turned to folk music, which they both enjoyed, when Abbott asked the teacher if he had heard of Frank", "sent7": "Now I heard rifle shots in quick succession from behind one of the earth mounds", "sent8": "He would regularly come up with songs the listeners never heard before, styles you hadn't heard before, and types of music you may have never considered before", "sent9": "(Elvis' then girlfriend, Marilyn Evans, confirmed in 2008 that the voice was not hers, though she is later heard requesting the song \"End of the Road\".) Yet on the track prior to this Elvis can be heard saying \"take it easy, boy\" as someone exits the session", "sent10": "The shopping street even has a theme song that can be heard as you walk along the covered part of the street", "sent11": "The explosion was reported as being heard up to five miles away, but people on the east side of the stadium heard only a rumble like low-volume thunder", "sent12": "During the fifteen minutes I stood near, I heard no complaint or plea for mercy", "sent13": "During his travels, he heard repeatedly from settlers about the inadequacy of educational institutions in the west", "sent14": "An opinion piece for \"The New York Times\" by epidemiologist Greta Bauer on 8 April 2020 said she had heard \"rumblings about people ..", "sent15": "Hough's compositions can be heard on the BIS Records album \"Broken Branches\" and on the Prince Consort album \"Other Love Songs\", on Linn Records", "sent16": "CKWW now plays many of the oldies hits originally heard during the Top 40 era of CKLW, then known as \"The Big 8\"", "sent17": "While the night signal could not be heard clearly inland at many Boston suburban locations (especially in the growing and affluent western and southwestern suburbs), the station's nighttime transmissions were heard very clearly across the water to the Boston city neighborhoods and the working class North Shore areas", "sent18": "However, when Gaye heard about its success, he acted coldly to it due to his depressed state over Tammi Terrell", "sent19": "Prior to avalanches in mountainous areas, there's often the sound of cracking and rumbling", "sent20": "As is evident in the title of the work, the \"audience\" to which Cha refers functions like a distant relative who can be \"seen only heard only through someone else's description.\" The materiality of the medium, mail, \"performs a contingent reticulation of the artist, the artwork, and its recipient, which remain disjointed across an incalculable distance.\" Not only do the properties of mail signify the spatial distance between Cha and the audience, they also mark the temporal distance", "sent21": "The classical service can be heard online, on the station's mobile app, on smart speakers, and on its HD-2 sub channel in the communities of Mount Pleasant, Alpena, Harbor Springs, and Bay City.", "sent22": "In several scenes, a sample from Spectrasonics' \"Symphony of Voices\" is heard" }, "hypothesis": "An avalanche could be approaching.", "proof": "sent19 & sent3 -> An avalanche could be approaching.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1496, "premise": "My mind was full of paintings.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "I went to a museum.", "choice2": "I went to a concert.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "Sjölund signed with Åtvidabergs FF on 4 February 2013 and stayed with the club for two seasons", "sent2": "On one side the spectrum of its floristic socio-cultural diversity and ethnic history of tribal, the district has a panoramic view of the Kaimur, Kehejua and Ranimunda hills blazing with flowers of flame of forest and intoxicated by the sweet smell of mahua flowers", "sent3": "The district boundaries coincide with the boundaries of Mifflin County, minus the southwestern municipalities of Kistler and Newton Hamilton boroughs and Wayne Township, which are part of the Mount Union Area School District", "sent4": "Mucci was arrested in March 2023 and charged with aggravated arson, two counts of causing or risking widespread injury or damage, two counts of possession of a destructive device, unlawful possession of a weapon, two counts of possession of a weapon for unlawful purposes, two counts of aggravated assault, two counts of making terroristic threats, possession of an assault firearm, possession of a large capacity ammunition magazine and hindering.", "sent5": "For \"n\" = 1 or 2, the midrange and the mean are equal (and coincide with the median), and are most efficient for all distributions", "sent6": "He spent nine seasons with Portland (1979–1988) and, after being traded to Boston in February 1988, spent two full seasons with Boston (1988–1990)", "sent7": "She also sang two long seasons in Mexico (1917 and 1919) returned to South America for three more seasons (1918, 1921, and 1929)", "sent8": "The inflorescence is a raceme with from one to many resupinate flowers with three sepals and three petals all more or less alike in size, shape and ornamentation", "sent9": "There has been an increase in the number of people with allergies in hospitals recently", "sent10": "Increased pollen counts and blooming flowers often coincide with allergy seasons", "sent11": "Adults live on nectar and pollen, as with most hoverflies, and visits a large range of flowers from May to October, showing a distinct preference for white flowers, such as \"Sambucus, Cornus, Ligustrum\", \"Rubus idaeus\", and bramble and Apiaceae, but they also feed on Asteraceae, \"Valeriana officinalis\", \"Succisa pratensis\", \"Chamerion angustifolium\", and \"Urtica dioica\"", "sent12": "This happens because the counts of Barcelona became the one hand, the majority of sovereigns Catalan Counties and the other hand kings of Aragon, which helped them prevail in the rest of autonomous Catalan counts (Pallars, Urgell and Empúries) if they were not in their feudal vassals, while also incorporated its extensive domain the Islamic territories of Tortosa and Lleida", "sent13": "Households and gardens that are visited by cats are strongly advised against keeping this plant or placing dried flowers where a cat may brush against them and become dusted with pollen that they then consume while cleaning", "sent14": "They are evergreen, terrestrial herbs which form clumps with crowded, sometimes stem-like pseudobulbs, large, pleated leaves and relatively large, often colourful flowers", "sent15": "The hermaphrodite flowers are white, produced in corymbs in diameter at the top of the stems; each corymb comprises a ring of outer sterile flowers 1.5–2 cm in diameter with conspicuous petals, surrounding a center of small (5 mm), fertile flowers; the flowers are produced in early summer, and pollinated by insects", "sent16": "The flowers are individually inconspicuous, greenish-yellow, 3–6 mm diameter, with six petals; the male flowers produced in slender 5–10 cm racemes, the female flowers in shorter clusters", "sent17": "Groulx played in Finland's SM-liiga for KalPa before spending six seasons in Austria, with EHC Lustenau and five seasons with EC Graz", "sent18": "Missing most of his five seasons with the Bengals due to injury, Carter played his final three seasons in a limited role for the Washington Redskins and New Orleans Saints.", "sent19": "A basal rosette of lanceolate leaves develops from a tuber in diameter, and between April and June a central flower spike is produced bearing up to fifty small, stemless flowers – the flowers vary from greenish, with a yellow-green labellum, to green, streaked and marked with purple", "sent20": "After three seasons over .300 with Pittsburgh, he was traded to the Phillies in 1931, and had collected seasons of 40 doubles and 100 runs three times each by 1934", "sent21": "The rest of the page is often decorated with dense designs of plants and animals in a muted \"grisaille\", often gold and brown; text pages without miniatures often also have such borders", "sent22": "The colour combinations changed with the seasons and occasions, with it being fashionable to change one's gowns just before the turn of the season" }, "hypothesis": "It's the time of year when flowers start to bloom.", "proof": "sent10 & sent9 -> It's the time of year when flowers start to bloom.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1347, "premise": "The boy felt humiliated.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The bully mocked the boy.", "choice2": "The bully punched the boy.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 11, "premise": "The woman repaired her faucet.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "The faucet was leaky.", "choice2": "The faucet was turned off.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1339, "premise": "The honey lasted longer.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "It was pasteurized.", "choice2": "I stored it in the refrigerator.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 365, "premise": "The girl's mouth ached.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "She lost a tooth.", "choice2": "She swallowed her gum.", "mirrored": false, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "On the square is located several monuments, including Vsetín Castle, Old Town Hall and New Town Hall.", "sent2": "The neighborhood is bordered on the north by South Street, on the south by Washington Avenue, on the west by the Schuylkill River, and on the east by Broad Street.", "sent3": "The school is the temporary site of a Gold Coast City Council Library until one is built at the Coomera Town Centre", "sent4": "Aldershot observatory is a circular red-brick building with a domed roof standing on Queens Avenue in Aldershot Military Town near Aldershot, England, home to the British Army since circa 1854", "sent5": "Following a 3–1 win over Bury Town in the semi-finals, they defeated Lowestoft Town 2–1 in the final, earning promotion to the Conference South.", "sent6": "Little Paxton is a district ward and is represented on the district council by one councillor", "sent7": "Groote Schuur (, Dutch for \"big shed\") is an estate in Cape Town, South Africa", "sent8": "The Samuda Estate is on the east side of Manchester Road, in Cubitt Town on the Isle of Dogs", "sent9": "The five municipalities offered this deal are the City of Sherrill, Town of Sylvan, Town of Verona, Village of Vernon, and Town of Augusta", "sent10": "Communities for renewable energy have lower carbon footprints.", "sent11": "In the 1967–68 season, Blackpool narrowly missed out on promotion back to the top flight, finishing third on goal average behind Ipswich Town and Queens Park Rangers", "sent12": "The third movement is also in sonata form and is back in the home key of D minor", "sent13": "The Old Town, built on and around a rocky hill, is almost encircled by the Lahn.", "sent14": "In 1817 he relocated his bookshop to 27 North Bridge in the Old Town and in 1832 his home is given as 30 Broughton Place in the eastern New Town", "sent15": "He also played in the English Football League for Huddersfield Town, Bury, Blackpool, Grimsby Town and Oldham Athletic, and in the Scottish Football League for Partick Thistle, Ayr United, Greenock Morton, Queen of the South, Stenhousemuir and Forfar Athletic", "sent16": "The renovated Town Hall was reopened on 11 February 1909", "sent17": "The first pew on the right, on entering the church, is carved with the date 1608.", "sent18": "Second, the cost of reducing suffering in the future could be higher or lower, influenced by factors like rising healthcare costs or decreasing costs of computing and renewable energy", "sent19": "Atria Shopping Gallery, originally called the Gardenia Town Centre for a brief period of time, is a shopping mall located in the centre of this commercial area.", "sent20": "On 14 September 1981 he joined Yeovil Town to take up the same position and remained there until his retirement in 2002.", "sent21": "On 1 January 1883, the New York Central Railroad (NYC) was able to lease the CSR to another Vanderbilt railroad company, the Michigan Central Railroad (MCR), on a 21-year renewable term", "sent22": "Town D achieves significant reduction in emissions" }, "hypothesis": "Town D is prioritized on renewable energy.", "proof": "sent10 & sent22 -> Town D is prioritized on renewable energy.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" }, { "label": 1, "id": 1385, "premise": "The librarian told me that I couldn't borrow the book.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "I requested the librarian's help.", "choice2": "The book was checked out.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "label": 0, "id": 1099, "premise": "There was nowhere to sit in the bar.", "question": "cause", "choice1": "It was crowded.", "choice2": "It was 3 AM.", "mirrored": true, "datasetName": "balanced_copa_cause_only" }, { "context": { "sent1": "The \"Rad\" part of its name is a corruption of the Old English for red, in reference to the dark red colour of the cliffs, which are formed of Triassic red shale with gypsum banding", "sent2": "There are a total of 10 courses in the game with each game taking 10 rounds to complete and the person with the highest score wins.", "sent3": "There has been confusion over the history of the colours of the cross on the flag because other authors have reported both purple and blue instead of black as the other half of the cross opposing the red half", "sent4": "While the demo showcases the final version of the game, it is a very limited version and only a handful of the features are accessible, while the rest are locked down", "sent5": "The colors on the big screen are rich and luminous, the images are clear and sharp, and rapid movements are got without blurring—or very little—such as sometimes is seen on other large screens", "sent6": "The various objects needed to complete the game are distributed across the many planets of the solar system, as well as in the intervening space (e.g", "sent7": "The walls are also white marble and are decorated with friezes containing the names and coats of arms of the various cities and towns surrounding Moscow", "sent8": "Each team played a home-and-away game against the other five teams in their conference, one game outside the conference, and one game against Baltimore over the course of a 12-game schedule.", "sent9": "Because of their handle they were normally only decorated with one image, on the other side from the handle; they are often photographed with the handle hidden, to show the painted image.", "sent10": "An I-novel is a semi-autobiographical work where the boundary between author and narrator is blurred, and the reader is meant to consider the narrator and author as one in the same.", "sent11": "Today, Catalan is one of the three official languages of autonomous community of Catalonia, as stated in the Catalan Statute of Autonomy; the other two are Spanish, and Occitan in its Aranese variety", "sent12": "Even when they are not part of the National Court, because they are in the same building, the Central Courts are popularly considered part of it", "sent13": "The 1st Cavalry took part in the charge of the Reserve Brigade at the Battle of Opequon, on 19 September, and, in conjunction with the 2nd Cavalry, captured two stands of colors and some 200 prisoners", "sent14": "There are four pools: one for children, one with slides and the other two designed to integrate them with the natural uniqueness of the location", "sent15": "All asserted that the God who speaks and the Word who creates are two beings similar to one another, of similar substance ( []), and denied that they are one and the same being, or two persons of the same substance ( []) in which two are distinguished, as Nicaea eventually held.", "sent16": "When open, there are two types of phyllary at the base of the bloom: one is short and green, the other red and long.", "sent17": "The new tower's ground floor room became the parish's vestry room, and later (in the 20th century) a robing room for the clergy, and in the deep brick chamber beneath it are interred the ashes of the novelist Dorothy L Sayers, who was a longtime Churchwarden of the parish and member of the St", "sent18": "The cartridges are light purple in color, but there are others; ones that work with accessories are bright yellow, V.Smile SmartBook games are red, and transparent dark purple cartridges, which came with several bundles of the special edition console in different games", "sent19": "There is a re-set piscina on the south side of the window and in the north wall are two lockers, one over the other", "sent20": "There are about 100 species distributed in higher rainfall areas of Australia, 15 in New Zealand, 11 of which are endemic, one in New Caledonia, one in East Timor and one in Java and the Philippines", "sent21": "There are two boxes in the game room, one with dice of various colors and the other red, and they are the same." }, "hypothesis": "If I draw a green die from one of the boxes, it must have come from the box with dice of various colors.", "proof": "sent21 -> If I draw a green die from one of the boxes, it must have come from the box with dice of various colors.", "reasoning_type": "abduction", "datasetName": "UniADILR" } ]