---
license: mit
language:
- en
metrics:
- accuracy
pipeline_tag: text-generation
tags:
  - openlm
  - language-modeling
  - causal-lm
  - webgraphmix
  - dclm
datasets:
  - WebOrganizer/Corpus-200B
  - PrincetonPLI/cc-centrality-scores
library_name: open_lm
---

# WebGraphMix OpenLM 1B Checkpoints

Pretrained **OpenLM 1B** checkpoints from [**Hubs or Fringes? Pretraining Data Selection via Web Graph Centrality**](https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.11499) (WebGraphMix).

These models replicate the headline **1B-scale Table 1** experiments: four data-selection methods trained on mixtures derived from [WebOrganizer/Corpus-200B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/WebOrganizer/Corpus-200B), evaluated on **DCLM CORE v2** (`mmlu_and_lowvar`, 23 tasks).

| Resource | Link |
|----------|------|
| Paper | [arXiv:2606.11499](https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.11499) |
| Project page | [princeton-pli.github.io/WebGraphMix](https://princeton-pli.github.io/WebGraphMix/) |
| Code | [github.com/princeton-pli/WebGraphMix](https://github.com/princeton-pli/WebGraphMix) |
| Centrality scores | [PrincetonPLI/cc-centrality-scores](https://huggingface.co/datasets/PrincetonPLI/cc-centrality-scores) |
| Base corpus | [WebOrganizer/Corpus-200B](https://huggingface.co/datasets/WebOrganizer/Corpus-200B) |

## Checkpoints

Each folder contains an OpenLM PyTorch checkpoint (`epoch_11.pt`, final epoch) plus shared eval metadata.

| Folder | Method | Training mixture | DCLM CORE v2 avg. |
|--------|--------|------------------|-------------------|
| `random_selection` | Random baseline | Uniform sampling from Corpus-200B pool | 39.8% |
| `dclm_fasttext_only` | Quality (DCLM-fasttext) | Documents above DCLM-fasttext quality threshold | 42.3% |
| `betweenness_alpha0.5` | **WebGraphMix** | 50/50 mix of top/bottom betweenness-centrality hosts | 41.4% |
| `betweenness_alpha0.5_mult_div_dclm_fasttext` | **WebGraphMix+** | Betweenness 50/50 mix × DCLM-fasttext quality filter | 43.8% |

> Scores are `aggregated_results` from the `mmlu_and_lowvar` eval suite (23 low-variance ICL tasks). See the [WebGraphMix repo](https://github.com/princeton-pli/WebGraphMix) to reproduce evaluation.

## Model details

| | |
|---|---|
| Architecture | OpenLM 1B (`open_lm_1b_swiglutorch`) |
| Parameters | ~1.44B (1.34B non-embedding) |
| Hidden dim / layers / heads | 2048 / 24 / 16 |
| Context length | 2048 |
| Vocab | 50,432 (GPT-NeoX tokenizer) |
| FFN | SwiGLU (torch) |
| Norm | `gain_only_lp_layer_norm` |
| QK norm | enabled |
| Training tokens | ~28.8B (`1b_1x_fast` Chinchilla scale) |
| Global batch size | 256 |
| LR / warmup / weight decay | 0.003 / 5000 steps / 0.033 |
| Seed | 124 |
| Precision | AMP bfloat16 + FSDP |
| OpenLM version | 0.0.34 |

All four models share the same architecture and optimizer settings; they differ only in the **importance-sampled pretraining mixture**.

## Download

```bash
huggingface-cli download PrincetonPLI/WebGraphMix-openlm-1B \
  --local-dir ./dclm/checkpoints \
  --repo-type model
```

Or from the WebGraphMix repo:

```bash
git clone https://github.com/princeton-pli/WebGraphMix.git
cd WebGraphMix
./experiments/artifacts/download.sh checkpoints
```

Expected layout after download:

```text
checkpoints/
├── open_lm_1b_eval_params.txt
├── random_selection/epoch_11.pt
├── dclm_fasttext_only/epoch_11.pt
├── betweenness_alpha0.5/epoch_11.pt
└── betweenness_alpha0.5_mult_div_dclm_fasttext/epoch_11.pt
```

Approximate size: **~17 GB per checkpoint** (~68 GB total).

## Evaluate (recommended)

The checkpoints are stored in **native OpenLM PyTorch format**. The easiest path is the WebGraphMix evaluation pipeline:

```bash
conda env create -f environment.yml && conda activate webgraphmix
cd dclm && pip install -e . && cd ..

export REPO_ROOT=$(pwd)
./experiments/artifacts/download.sh checkpoints

# Default: WebGraphMix 50/50 betweenness
./experiments/eval/mmlu_and_lowvar.sh

# Other checkpoints
./experiments/eval/mmlu_and_lowvar.sh random_selection
./experiments/eval/mmlu_and_lowvar.sh dclm_fasttext_only
./experiments/eval/mmlu_and_lowvar.sh betweenness_alpha0.5_mult_div_dclm_fasttext
```

Aggregate scores across models:

```bash
cd dclm/exp_data/evals && python benchmark_score_comparison.py
```

Evaluation uses ≥2 GPUs by default (FSDP); a single GPU may OOM on the 1B model.

## Convert to Hugging Face format (optional)

To load with `transformers` + `open_lm` HF wrappers:

```bash
export REPO_ROOT=/path/to/WebGraphMix
export CHECKPOINT_INPUT_DIR=$REPO_ROOT/dclm/checkpoints
export CHECKPOINT_HF_OUTPUT_DIR=$REPO_ROOT/dclm/checkpoints_hf
python dclm/convert_openlm_to_hf_1b.py
```

This produces Hugging Face–compatible folders with `OpenLMConfig` / `OpenLMForCausalLM` weights and the GPT-NeoX tokenizer.

## Training data (summary)

| Checkpoint | Mixture description |
|------------|---------------------|
| `random_selection` | Uniform random document sampling |
| `dclm_fasttext_only` | DCLM-fasttext quality filter only |
| `betweenness_alpha0.5` | 50% documents from highest-betweenness hosts + 50% from lowest-betweenness hosts |
| `betweenness_alpha0.5_mult_div_dclm_fasttext` | Same 50/50 betweenness mix, combined with DCLM-fasttext quality scores (multiply/divide scheme) |

Centrality scores come from [PrincetonPLI/cc-centrality-scores](https://huggingface.co/datasets/PrincetonPLI/cc-centrality-scores). Full sampling and tokenization steps are documented in the [WebGraphMix README](https://github.com/princeton-pli/WebGraphMix).

## Citation

```bibtex
@article{badoni2026webgraphmix,
  title={Hubs or Fringes: Pretraining Data Selection via Web Graph Centrality},
  author={Badoni, Vedant and Chen, Danqi and Wang, Xinyi},
  year={2026}
}
```

## License

Released under the [MIT License](https://github.com/princeton-pli/WebGraphMix/blob/main/dclm/LICENSE), consistent with the [DCLM](https://github.com/mlfoundations/dclm) codebase used for training and evaluation.