"""SOTA evaluation suite for CDFv13 — audit-proof.

Per the May 2026 SOTA audit, replaces "Top-1 mid-position" (not recognized)
with the canonical EHR foundation model metric stack:

  Classification (next-event, downstream tasks):
    - AUROC + AUPRC + Brier
    - Calibration: ICI (Austin & Steyerberg 2019)
    - Decision-curve analysis (Vickers)
    - Bootstrap 95% CI (≥2000 resamples) — required for rare disease

  Survival (DATASUS SIM mortality):
    - Uno's C (concordance_index_ipcw) — preferred over Harrell at high censoring
    - Integrated Brier Score (1/3/5y)
    - Time-dependent AUC

  Counterfactual / causal:
    - ATE with bootstrap CI
    - E-value (VanderWeele)
    - Negative-control outcome + exposure
    - Tipping-point analysis

  Generation fidelity (CoMET / SynthEHRella):
    - Dim-wise probability match
    - MMD (Maximum Mean Discrepancy) with RBF kernel
    - TSTR (Train-on-Synthetic-Test-on-Real)

  Subgroup fairness (npj DM requirement):
    - Stratified metrics: sex, age band, UF region

  Split strategy (DATASUS rare disease):
    - Temporal: train ≤2022, val 2023, test 2024-2025
    - Geographic: train SE+S, test N+NE (UF cross-region = "external")
    - Patient-level 5-fold CV (variance estimation)
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import math
import numpy as np
import torch
from typing import Callable


# ---------- Classification ----------

def auroc(y: np.ndarray, p: np.ndarray) -> float:
    from sklearn.metrics import roc_auc_score
    if len(np.unique(y)) < 2: return float("nan")
    return roc_auc_score(y, p)


def auprc(y: np.ndarray, p: np.ndarray) -> float:
    from sklearn.metrics import average_precision_score
    if len(np.unique(y)) < 2: return float("nan")
    return average_precision_score(y, p)


def brier(y: np.ndarray, p: np.ndarray) -> float:
    from sklearn.metrics import brier_score_loss
    return brier_score_loss(y, p)


def ici(y: np.ndarray, p: np.ndarray, frac: float = 0.75) -> float:
    """Integrated Calibration Index (Austin & Steyerberg 2019).
    Lowess-smoothed deviation from perfect calibration.
    """
    from statsmodels.nonparametric.smoothers_lowess import lowess
    sm = lowess(y, p, frac=frac, return_sorted=True)
    return float(np.mean(np.abs(sm[:, 1] - sm[:, 0])))


def net_benefit(y: np.ndarray, p: np.ndarray, threshold: float) -> float:
    """Net benefit at a given decision threshold (Vickers DCA)."""
    tp = ((p >= threshold) & (y == 1)).sum()
    fp = ((p >= threshold) & (y == 0)).sum()
    n = len(y)
    if threshold >= 1.0: return 0.0
    return tp / n - (fp / n) * (threshold / (1 - threshold))


def decision_curve(y: np.ndarray, p: np.ndarray,
                   thresholds: list[float] = None) -> dict:
    """Decision-curve analysis: net benefit across thresholds vs treat-all/treat-none."""
    if thresholds is None:
        thresholds = [0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5]
    model_nb = [net_benefit(y, p, t) for t in thresholds]
    treat_all_nb = [(y.mean()) - (1 - y.mean()) * (t / (1 - t)) if t < 1 else 0
                    for t in thresholds]
    treat_none_nb = [0.0] * len(thresholds)
    return {
        "thresholds": thresholds,
        "model": model_nb,
        "treat_all": treat_all_nb,
        "treat_none": treat_none_nb,
    }


def bootstrap_ci(y: np.ndarray, p: np.ndarray, metric_fn: Callable,
                 n_boot: int = 2000, seed: int = 0,
                 ci: tuple[float, float] = (2.5, 97.5)) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
    """Bootstrap 95% CI for any (y, p) -> scalar metric."""
    rng = np.random.default_rng(seed)
    n = len(y)
    stats = []
    for _ in range(n_boot):
        idx = rng.integers(0, n, n)
        if len(np.unique(y[idx])) < 2: continue
        try:
            stats.append(metric_fn(y[idx], p[idx]))
        except Exception:
            continue
    if not stats: return (float("nan"),) * 3
    return (
        float(np.percentile(stats, ci[0])),
        float(np.median(stats)),
        float(np.percentile(stats, ci[1])),
    )


# ---------- Survival ----------

def uno_c_index(y_train_event, y_train_time, y_test_event, y_test_time,
                risk_score, tau: float = None) -> float:
    """Uno's C-index (IPCW concordance), preferred at high censoring.
    Requires scikit-survival.
    """
    try:
        from sksurv.metrics import concordance_index_ipcw
    except ImportError:
        return float("nan")
    # Build structured arrays
    y_train = np.array(
        list(zip(y_train_event.astype(bool), y_train_time.astype(float))),
        dtype=[("event", "?"), ("time", "<f8")],
    )
    y_test = np.array(
        list(zip(y_test_event.astype(bool), y_test_time.astype(float))),
        dtype=[("event", "?"), ("time", "<f8")],
    )
    if tau is None:
        tau = float(y_test_time.max()) * 0.95
    c, *_ = concordance_index_ipcw(y_train, y_test, risk_score, tau=tau)
    return float(c)


def integrated_brier_score(y_train_event, y_train_time, y_test_event, y_test_time,
                            surv_pred: np.ndarray, times: np.ndarray) -> float:
    """Integrated Brier Score (lower is better)."""
    try:
        from sksurv.metrics import integrated_brier_score as ibs_fn
    except ImportError:
        return float("nan")
    y_train = np.array(
        list(zip(y_train_event.astype(bool), y_train_time.astype(float))),
        dtype=[("event", "?"), ("time", "<f8")],
    )
    y_test = np.array(
        list(zip(y_test_event.astype(bool), y_test_time.astype(float))),
        dtype=[("event", "?"), ("time", "<f8")],
    )
    return float(ibs_fn(y_train, y_test, surv_pred, times))


# ---------- Causal / Counterfactual ----------

def e_value(rr: float) -> float:
    """E-value (VanderWeele & Ding 2017): min strength of unmeasured
    confounder needed to explain away an observed RR.
    """
    rr = max(rr, 1e-9)
    if rr >= 1.0:
        return rr + math.sqrt(rr * (rr - 1))
    rr_inv = 1.0 / rr
    return rr_inv + math.sqrt(rr_inv * (rr_inv - 1))


def negative_control_check(nc_ate: float, threshold: float = 0.02) -> bool:
    """Negative-control outcome: ATE on a control outcome should be ~0."""
    return abs(nc_ate) < threshold


def tipping_point(observed_effect: float, ci_half_width: float) -> float:
    """How much would unmeasured confounding need to shift effect to nullify?"""
    if abs(observed_effect) <= ci_half_width:
        return 0.0
    return float(abs(observed_effect) - ci_half_width)


# ---------- Generation fidelity (SynthEHRella triad) ----------

def dim_wise_probability(real_seq: torch.Tensor, synth_seq: torch.Tensor,
                          vocab_size: int) -> float:
    """Compare per-token Bernoulli rates between real and synthetic batches.

    Returns mean abs difference (lower = closer match).
    """
    real_one_hot = F.one_hot(real_seq, vocab_size).float().mean(dim=(0, 1))
    synth_one_hot = F.one_hot(synth_seq, vocab_size).float().mean(dim=(0, 1))
    return float((real_one_hot - synth_one_hot).abs().mean())


def mmd_rbf(x: torch.Tensor, y: torch.Tensor, sigma: float = 1.0) -> float:
    """Maximum Mean Discrepancy with RBF kernel.

    x, y: (B, D) flattened embeddings. Returns MMD^2 (lower = closer).
    """
    def rbf(a, b):
        d = (a.unsqueeze(1) - b.unsqueeze(0)).pow(2).sum(-1)
        return torch.exp(-d / (2 * sigma ** 2))
    return float(rbf(x, x).mean() + rbf(y, y).mean() - 2 * rbf(x, y).mean())


# ---------- Subgroup fairness ----------

def stratified_metrics(y: np.ndarray, p: np.ndarray,
                       groups: np.ndarray,
                       metric_fn: Callable = auroc) -> dict[str, float]:
    """Compute metric per subgroup (sex, age band, UF region)."""
    out = {}
    for g in np.unique(groups):
        mask = groups == g
        if mask.sum() > 10:
            try:
                out[str(g)] = metric_fn(y[mask], p[mask])
            except Exception:
                out[str(g)] = float("nan")
    return out


# ---------- DATASUS split strategies ----------

def temporal_split(events: list[dict], train_until: int = 2022,
                   val_year: int = 2023):
    """Temporal split for DATASUS: train ≤2022, val 2023, test 2024+."""
    train, val, test = [], [], []
    for e in events:
        y = e.get("year") or 2020
        if y <= train_until: train.append(e)
        elif y == val_year: val.append(e)
        else: test.append(e)
    return train, val, test


def geographic_split(patients: list[dict], external_ufs: set = None):
    """Geographic split: train on SE+S, test on N+NE.
    For DATASUS this is the closest analog to "external validation."
    """
    if external_ufs is None:
        external_ufs = {"AC", "AL", "AP", "AM", "BA", "CE", "MA", "PA",
                       "PB", "PE", "PI", "RN", "SE", "TO", "RR", "RO"}
    train, test = [], []
    for p in patients:
        uf = next((e.get("uf_code") for e in p.get("events", []) if e.get("uf_code")),
                  None)
        (test if uf in external_ufs else train).append(p)
    return train, test


# ---------- Combined eval report ----------

def full_eval_report(y: np.ndarray, p: np.ndarray,
                     groups_sex: np.ndarray = None,
                     groups_age: np.ndarray = None,
                     groups_uf: np.ndarray = None,
                     n_boot: int = 2000) -> dict:
    """Generate a full audit-proof report for a binary classification task.

    Returns a dict with point estimates + bootstrap CIs + DCA + fairness.
    """
    import torch.nn.functional as F  # local import to keep top clean

    auroc_lo, auroc_med, auroc_hi = bootstrap_ci(y, p, auroc, n_boot)
    auprc_lo, auprc_med, auprc_hi = bootstrap_ci(y, p, auprc, n_boot)
    brier_lo, brier_med, brier_hi = bootstrap_ci(y, p, brier, n_boot)

    report = {
        "n_eval": len(y),
        "prevalence": float(y.mean()),
        "auroc": {"point": auroc(y, p), "ci95": [auroc_lo, auroc_hi], "median": auroc_med},
        "auprc": {"point": auprc(y, p), "ci95": [auprc_lo, auprc_hi], "median": auprc_med},
        "brier": {"point": brier(y, p), "ci95": [brier_lo, brier_hi], "median": brier_med},
        "ici": ici(y, p),
        "decision_curve": decision_curve(y, p),
    }
    if groups_sex is not None:
        report["fairness_sex"] = stratified_metrics(y, p, groups_sex, auroc)
    if groups_age is not None:
        report["fairness_age"] = stratified_metrics(y, p, groups_age, auroc)
    if groups_uf is not None:
        report["fairness_uf"] = stratified_metrics(y, p, groups_uf, auroc)
    return report