"""Classifier-Free Guidance sampling + counterfactual rollouts.

Given a trained Block Diffusion CWM, we sample patient trajectories by
iteratively unmasking tokens from fully-masked input. At each denoise step:

  1. Run the conditional model with cond=c -> logits_c
  2. Run unconditional model with cond=<NULL> -> logits_null
  3. Guided logits = (1+gamma) * logits_c - gamma * logits_null
  4. Greedy or temperature-sampled token at each MASK position
  5. Top-k confidence remasking schedule (D3PM-style) until t=0

Counterfactual pair:
  - sample one batch with cond = treatment
  - sample another batch with cond = <NO_TX>
  - compare outcome-token distributions to estimate ATE

This is the core counterfactual primitive used by tte_validate.py and
sensitivity.py.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import logging

import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F

from .block_diffusion import BlockDiffusionTransformer

log = logging.getLogger("gemeo.cwm.sample")


@torch.no_grad()
def cfg_sample(
    model: BlockDiffusionTransformer,
    cond: torch.Tensor,                  # (B,) condition ids
    *,
    seed_prefix: torch.Tensor | None = None,  # (B, L) prompt tokens (kept clean)
    gamma: float = 2.0,
    n_steps: int = None,
    temperature: float = 1.0,
    null_cond: int = 0,
) -> torch.Tensor:
    """Sample (B, T) trajectories with classifier-free guidance.

    seed_prefix is appended unmasked at the front. The rest of the sequence
    is filled in by iterative unmasking with confidence-based remasking
    schedule.
    """
    cfg = model.cfg
    n_steps = n_steps or cfg.n_diff_steps
    device = cond.device
    B = cond.size(0)
    T = cfg.max_seq_len

    # Start with full MASK
    x = torch.full((B, T), cfg.mask_token, device=device, dtype=torch.long)
    if seed_prefix is not None:
        L = seed_prefix.size(1)
        x[:, :L] = seed_prefix
        fixed_mask = torch.zeros(B, T, dtype=torch.bool, device=device)
        fixed_mask[:, :L] = True
    else:
        fixed_mask = torch.zeros(B, T, dtype=torch.bool, device=device)

    ts = torch.linspace(1.0, 0.0, n_steps + 1, device=device)
    null = torch.full_like(cond, null_cond)

    for k in range(n_steps):
        t_cur = ts[k].unsqueeze(0).expand(B)
        # Conditional + unconditional logits
        logits_c = model(x, t_cur, cond)
        logits_n = model(x, t_cur, null)
        # CFG
        if gamma > 0:
            logits = (1 + gamma) * logits_c - gamma * logits_n
        else:
            logits = logits_c
        # Avoid sampling MASK token
        logits[:, :, cfg.mask_token] = -1e9
        if temperature != 1.0:
            logits = logits / max(temperature, 1e-3)

        probs = F.softmax(logits, dim=-1)
        confs, preds = probs.max(dim=-1)

        # Confidence-based remasking: keep top-(1-t_next) fraction of MASKED tokens
        t_next = ts[k + 1].item()
        keep_frac = 1.0 - t_next
        target_kept = int(round(keep_frac * T))

        # Already-revealed tokens stay
        revealed = (x != cfg.mask_token) | fixed_mask
        already_kept = revealed.sum(dim=-1)

        # Pick the highest-confidence MASKED positions to unmask
        confs_for_pick = torch.where(revealed, torch.full_like(confs, -1e9), confs)
        new_x = x.clone()
        for b in range(B):
            need = max(0, target_kept - int(already_kept[b].item()))
            if need == 0:
                continue
            topi = confs_for_pick[b].topk(need).indices
            new_x[b, topi] = preds[b, topi]
        x = new_x

    # Final pass: replace any remaining MASK with greedy
    mask_left = x == cfg.mask_token
    if mask_left.any():
        t_zero = torch.zeros(B, device=device)
        logits_c = model(x, t_zero, cond)
        logits_n = model(x, t_zero, null)
        logits = (1 + gamma) * logits_c - gamma * logits_n
        logits[:, :, cfg.mask_token] = -1e9
        preds = logits.argmax(dim=-1)
        x = torch.where(mask_left, preds, x)

    return x


def counterfactual_pair(
    model: BlockDiffusionTransformer,
    treatment_cond: int,
    null_treatment_cond: int,
    *,
    seed_prefix: torch.Tensor,
    n_samples: int = 100,
    gamma: float = 2.0,
    device: torch.device | None = None,
) -> dict:
    """Sample n_samples trajectories under treatment AND no-treatment.

    Returns dict with both sample batches + per-token frequency tables for
    quick comparison of outcome distributions.
    """
    device = device or seed_prefix.device
    seed = seed_prefix.unsqueeze(0).expand(n_samples, -1).to(device)

    cond_tx = torch.full((n_samples,), treatment_cond, device=device, dtype=torch.long)
    cond_null = torch.full((n_samples,), null_treatment_cond, device=device, dtype=torch.long)

    traj_tx = cfg_sample(model, cond_tx, seed_prefix=seed, gamma=gamma)
    traj_null = cfg_sample(model, cond_null, seed_prefix=seed, gamma=gamma)

    return {
        "traj_treated": traj_tx,
        "traj_untreated": traj_null,
        "n": n_samples,
        "treatment_cond": treatment_cond,
        "null_cond": null_treatment_cond,
        "gamma": gamma,
    }


def outcome_rate(traj: torch.Tensor, target_tok_ids: list[int]) -> float:
    """Fraction of trajectories containing ANY of the target outcome tokens."""
    if not target_tok_ids:
        return 0.0
    target = torch.tensor(target_tok_ids, device=traj.device)
    has = (traj.unsqueeze(-1) == target).any(dim=(-1, -2))
    return has.float().mean().item()