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README.md
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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library_name: pytorch
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pipeline_tag: automatic-speech-recognition
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language:
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- en
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- zh
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base_model:
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- openai/whisper-large-v3
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- Qwen/Qwen3-ASR-1.7B-hf
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- Edge0/ARK-ASR-3B
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- HojoAI/Hojo-ASR-V1
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tags:
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- speech-recognition
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- hallucination
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- non-speech
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- whisper
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- audio-llm
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- lora
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- robustness
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metrics:
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- wer
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- cer
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---
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# acoustic-abstention
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**Acoustic Abstention Encoding: Suppressing ASR Hallucinations on Non-Speech Audio While Preserving Speech Accuracy**
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Released checkpoints for [acoustic-abstention](https://github.com/pujariaditya/acoustic-abstention). Acoustic
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abstention encoding (AAE) trains low-rank adapters in the upper audio encoder and the audio projector of a
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recognizer so that its **frozen** decoder reads non-speech as an empty transcript, while a per-frame loss keeps the
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features of speech, mixed with that same non-speech clip, at their original values. The adapters are merged into the
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weights: a checkpoint has the original architecture, parameter count and decoding procedure.
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Hallucination rate (%, share of clips that receive any text) on the complete non-speech sets, original model β
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with AAE:
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| model | UrbanSound8K (8,732) | WHAM! noise (8,000) | filtered FSD50K (6,414) |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| Whisper large-v3 | 100.00 β **0.34** | 100.00 β **0.00** | 100.00 β **0.02** |
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| Qwen3-ASR-1.7B | 2.68 β **0.11** | 9.20 β **0.03** | 0.59 β **0.12** |
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| ARK-ASR-3B | 99.86 β **0.11** | 100.00 β **0.00** | 99.81 β **0.03** |
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| Hojo-ASR-V1 | 99.99 β **0.18** | 100.00 β **0.00** | 99.98 β **0.14** |
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Speech error rate on the complete test sets (WER; CER for the Mandarin sets), original model β with AAE:
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| model | LibriSpeech clean | other | tail | 5 dB | FLEURS Mandarin | AISHELL-1 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Whisper large-v3 | 2.15 β 2.15 | 4.02 β 4.07 | 3.44 β 3.57 | 5.17 β 5.62 | 7.60 β 7.72 | 8.10 β 8.10 |
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| Qwen3-ASR-1.7B | 1.71 β 1.71 | 3.47 β 3.53 | 2.61 β 2.63 | 4.02 β 3.86 | 7.19 β 7.44 | 1.53 β 1.50 |
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| ARK-ASR-3B | 1.43 β 1.43 | 2.84 β 2.84 | 2.01 β 2.07 | 3.96 β 3.98 | 8.76 β 8.75 | 1.83 β 1.83 |
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| Hojo-ASR-V1 | 1.79 β 1.80 | 4.01 β 4.07 | 3.04 β 3.06 | 5.71 β 5.78 | 15.22 β 15.44 | 1.71 β 1.71 |
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*tail*: a LibriSpeech test utterance, 1 s of silence, then 3 s of noise; *5 dB*: noise added at 5 dB SNR.
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## Checkpoints
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Twenty-one checkpoints: the released model for each recognizer, and the four variants of the paper's minimal-recipe
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study for each, so every number in the paper can be reproduced.
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| folder | what it is | adapter |
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|---|---|---|
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| `whisper-large-v3/aae/` | the full recipe | 5.90M |
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| `whisper-large-v3/no-preservation/` | preservation loss removed (lambda = 0) | 5.90M |
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| `whisper-large-v3/transcript-ce/` | preservation loss replaced by cross-entropy on m toward the stock model's transcript of s | 5.90M |
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| `whisper-large-v3/independent-noise/` | the noise in m drawn independently of n | 5.90M |
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| `whisper-large-v3/decoder-adapter/` | rank-9 LoRA on the decoder self-attention instead of the encoder, with transcript CE on m | 2.95M |
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| `qwen3-asr-1.7b/aae/` | the full recipe | 3.62M |
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| `qwen3-asr-1.7b/no-preservation/` | preservation loss removed (lambda = 0) | 3.62M |
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| `qwen3-asr-1.7b/transcript-ce/` | preservation loss replaced by cross-entropy on m toward the stock model's transcript of s | 3.62M |
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| `qwen3-asr-1.7b/independent-noise/` | the noise in m drawn independently of n | 3.62M |
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| `qwen3-asr-1.7b/decoder-adapter/` | rank-9 LoRA on the decoder self-attention instead of the encoder, with transcript CE on m | 3.61M |
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| `ark-asr-3b/aae/` | the full recipe | 6.14M |
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| `ark-asr-3b/no-preservation/` | preservation loss removed (lambda = 0) | 6.14M |
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| `ark-asr-3b/transcript-ce/` | preservation loss replaced by cross-entropy on m toward the stock model's transcript of s | 6.14M |
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| `ark-asr-3b/independent-noise/` | the noise in m drawn independently of n | 6.14M |
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| `ark-asr-3b/decoder-adapter/` | rank-9 LoRA on the decoder self-attention instead of the encoder, with transcript CE on m | 4.15M |
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| `hojo-asr-v1/aae/` | the full recipe | 7.29M |
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| `hojo-asr-v1/aae-run1/` | Hojo-ASR-V1 only: the first run of the full recipe (the reference row of the variant study) | 7.29M |
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| `hojo-asr-v1/no-preservation/` | preservation loss removed (lambda = 0) | 7.29M |
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| `hojo-asr-v1/transcript-ce/` | preservation loss replaced by cross-entropy on m toward the stock model's transcript of s | 7.29M |
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| 83 |
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| `hojo-asr-v1/independent-noise/` | the noise in m drawn independently of n | 7.29M |
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| `hojo-asr-v1/decoder-adapter/` | rank-9 LoRA on the decoder self-attention instead of the encoder, with transcript CE on m | 6.64M |
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Each folder holds `model.safetensors`, the merged float16 weights of every tensor the adapter changed (the exact
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tensors that were evaluated), and `training.json`, the training arguments, loss curve and held-out curve.
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`hojo-asr-v1/aae` is the second of two runs of the recipe; the first, `aae-run1`, is the reference row of the
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variant study because its sampling matches the variants.
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## Use
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/pujariaditya/acoustic-abstention && cd acoustic-abstention
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./scripts/setup.sh # two environments + the four stock models, pinned
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envs/main/bin/python scripts/download_weights.py # these checkpoints, sha256-verified
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```
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Applying a checkpoint copies its tensors into the stock model:
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```python
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from aae import models, weights
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ad = models.load("whisper-large-v3") # stock model, pinned revision
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weights.apply(ad.model, weights.resolve("whisper-large-v3/aae"))
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print(ad.transcribe([waveform_16k])) # "" for non-speech
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```
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`./scripts/reproduce.sh` re-runs every evaluation in the paper and checks each number against the published one.
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## Intended use and limitations
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Research artifact for reproducing the reported results. The recipe preserves each original model's speech behaviour
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rather than improving it. At -5 dB SNR, 1.3% to 8.7% of held-out English utterances receive an empty output (at
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most 1.3% for the original models); at 5 and 15 dB and without added noise, none does. The noisy speech test sets use
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noise from the training pools. One training run per model and variant.
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## Licences
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Each checkpoint is a derivative of its base model and is distributed under that model's licence: Whisper large-v3
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(MIT), Qwen3-ASR-1.7B, ARK-ASR-3B and Hojo-ASR-V1 (Apache-2.0). The code is MIT.
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@software{pujari_acoustic_abstention_2026,
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author = {Pujari, Aditya},
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title = {Acoustic Abstention Encoding: Suppressing ASR Hallucinations on Non-Speech Audio While Preserving Speech Accuracy},
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year = {2026},
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version = {1.0.0},
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license = {MIT},
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url = {https://github.com/pujariaditya/acoustic-abstention}
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}
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```
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