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README.md
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license: apache-2.0
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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language:
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- af
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- am
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- ar
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- as
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- az
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- be
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- bg
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- bn
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- br
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- bs
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- ca
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- cs
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- cy
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- da
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- de
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- el
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- en
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- eo
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- es
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- et
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- eu
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- fa
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- fi
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- fr
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- fy
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- ga
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- gd
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- gl
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- gu
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- ha
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- he
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- hi
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- hr
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- hu
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- hy
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- id
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- is
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- it
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- ja
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- jv
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- ka
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- kk
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- km
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- kn
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- ko
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- ku
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- ky
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- la
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- lo
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- lt
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- lv
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- mg
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- mk
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- ml
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- mn
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- mr
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- ms
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- my
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- ne
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- nl
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- 'no'
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- om
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- or
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- pa
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- pl
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- ps
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- pt
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- ro
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- ru
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- sa
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- sd
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- si
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- sk
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- sl
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- so
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- sq
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- sr
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- su
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- sv
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- sw
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- ta
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- te
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- th
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- tl
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- tr
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- ug
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- uk
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- ur
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- uz
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- vi
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- xh
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- yi
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- zh
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---
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# AffilGood-AffilXLM
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For the first two tasks, we fine-tuned two [RoBERTa](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/model_doc/roberta) and [XLM-RoBERTa](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/model_doc/xlm-roberta)
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models for (predominantly) English and multilingual datasets, respectively. [Gururangan *et al.* (2020)](https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.740.pdf) show that
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continuing pre-training language models on task-relevant unlabeled data might contribute to improve the performance of final fine-tuned task-specific
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models-in particular, in low-resource situations. Considering the fact that the affiliation strings' *grammar* has its own structure,
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which is different from the one that would be expected to be found in free natural language, we explore whether our affiliation span identification and
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NER models would benefit from being fine-tuned from models that have been *further pre-trained* on raw affiliation strings for the masked token prediction task.
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We adatap models to 10 million random raw affiliation strings from OpenAlex, reporting perplexity on 50k randomly held-out affiliation strings.
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In what follows, we refer to our adapted models as AffilRoBERTa (adapted RoBERTa model) and AffilXLM (adapted XLM-RoBERTa).
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Specific details of the adaptive pre-training procedure can be found in [Duran-Silva *et al.* (2024)](https://aclanthology.org/2024.sdp-1.13.pdf).
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## Evaluation
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We report masked language modeling loss as perplexity measure (PPL) on 50k randomly sampled held-out raw affiliation strings.
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| **Model** | PPL<sub>base</sub> | PPL<sub>adapt</sub> |
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|-----------------|--------------------|----------------------|
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| RoBERTa | 1.972 | 1.106 |
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| XLM-RoBERTa | 1.997 | 1.101 |
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AffilGood-AffilRoBERTa achieves competitive performance to 2 tasks in processing affiliation strings, compared to base models
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| Task| RoBERTa | XLM | AffilRoBERTa | **AffilXLM (this model)** |
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|-----|------|------|------|----------|
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| AffilGood-NER | .910 | .915 | .920 | **.925** |
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| AffilGood-SPAN | .929 | .931 | **.938** | .927 |
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### Citation
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{duran-silva-etal-2024-affilgood,
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title = "{A}ffil{G}ood: Building reliable institution name disambiguation tools to improve scientific literature analysis",
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author = "Duran-Silva, Nicolau and
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Accuosto, Pablo and
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Przyby{\l}a, Piotr and
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Saggion, Horacio",
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editor = "Ghosal, Tirthankar and
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Singh, Amanpreet and
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Waard, Anita and
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Mayr, Philipp and
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Naik, Aakanksha and
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Weller, Orion and
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Lee, Yoonjoo and
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Shen, Shannon and
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Qin, Yanxia",
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booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Scholarly Document Processing (SDP 2024)",
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month = aug,
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year = "2024",
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address = "Bangkok, Thailand",
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publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
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url = "https://aclanthology.org/2024.sdp-1.13",
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pages = "135--144",
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}
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```
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### Disclaimer
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<details>
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<summary>Click to expand</summary>
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The model published in this repository is intended for a generalist purpose
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and is made available to third parties under a Apache v2.0 License.
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Please keep in mind that the model may have bias and/or any other undesirable distortions.
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When third parties deploy or provide systems and/or services to other parties using this model
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(or a system based on it) or become users of the model itself, they should note that it is under
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their responsibility to mitigate the risks arising from its use and, in any event, to comply with
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applicable regulations, including regulations regarding the use of Artificial Intelligence.
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In no event shall the owners and creators of the model be liable for any results arising from the use made by third parties.
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</details>
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