docs/get-started/authentication.mdx

import { Tabs, TabItem } from '@astrojs/starlight/components';

# Gemini CLI authentication setup

To use Gemini CLI, you'll need to authenticate with Google. This guide helps you
quickly find the best way to sign in based on your account type and how you're
using the CLI.

> [!TIP]
> Looking for a high-level comparison of all available subscriptions?
> To compare features and find the right quota for your needs, see our
> [Plans page](https://geminicli.com/plans/).

For most users, we recommend starting Gemini CLI and logging in with your
personal Google account.

## Choose your authentication method <a id="auth-methods"></a>

Select the authentication method that matches your situation in the table below:

| User Type / Scenario                                                   | Recommended Authentication Method                                | Google Cloud Project Required                               |
| :--------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------- |
| Individual Google accounts                                             | [Sign in with Google](#login-google)                             | No, with exceptions                                         |
| Organization users with a company, school, or Google Workspace account | [Sign in with Google](#login-google)                             | [Yes](#set-gcp)                                             |
| AI Studio user with a Gemini API key                                   | [Use Gemini API Key](#gemini-api)                                | No                                                          |
| Google Cloud Vertex AI user                                            | [Vertex AI](#vertex-ai)                                          | [Yes](#set-gcp)                                             |
| [Headless mode](#headless)                                             | [Use Gemini API Key](#gemini-api) or<br /> [Vertex AI](#vertex-ai) | No (for Gemini API Key)<br /> [Yes](#set-gcp) (for Vertex AI) |

### What is my Google account type?

- **Individual Google accounts:** Includes all
  [free tier accounts](../resources/quota-and-pricing.md#free-usage) such as
  Gemini Code Assist for individuals, as well as paid subscriptions for
  [Google AI Pro and Ultra](https://gemini.google/subscriptions/).

- **Organization accounts:** Accounts using paid licenses through an
  organization such as a company, school, or
  [Google Workspace](https://workspace.google.com/). Includes
  [Google AI Ultra for Business](https://support.google.com/a/answer/16345165)
  subscriptions.

## (Recommended) Sign in with Google <a id="login-google"></a>

If you run Gemini CLI on your local machine, the simplest authentication method
is logging in with your Google account. This method requires a web browser on a
machine that can communicate with the terminal running Gemini CLI (for example,
your local machine).

If you are a **Google AI Pro** or **Google AI Ultra** subscriber, use the Google
account associated with your subscription.

To authenticate and use Gemini CLI:

1. Start the CLI:

   ```bash
   gemini
   ```

2. Select **Sign in with Google**. Gemini CLI opens a sign in prompt using your
   web browser. Follow the on-screen instructions. Your credentials will be
   cached locally for future sessions.

### Do I need to set my Google Cloud project?

Most individual Google accounts (free and paid) don't require a Google Cloud
project for authentication. However, you'll need to set a Google Cloud project
when you meet at least one of the following conditions:

- You are using a company, school, or Google Workspace account.
- You are using a Gemini Code Assist license from the Google Developer Program.
- You are using a license from a Gemini Code Assist subscription.

For instructions, see [Set your Google Cloud Project](#set-gcp).

## Use Gemini API key <a id="gemini-api"></a>

If you don't want to authenticate using your Google account, you can use an API
key from Google AI Studio.

To authenticate and use Gemini CLI with a Gemini API key:

1. Obtain your API key from
   [Google AI Studio](https://aistudio.google.com/app/apikey).

2. Set the `GEMINI_API_KEY` environment variable to your key. For example:

   <Tabs>
     <TabItem label="macOS/Linux">

     ```bash
      # Replace YOUR_GEMINI_API_KEY with the key from AI Studio
      export GEMINI_API_KEY="YOUR_GEMINI_API_KEY"
     ```

     </TabItem>
     <TabItem label="Windows (PowerShell)">

     ```powershell
      # Replace YOUR_GEMINI_API_KEY with the key from AI Studio
      $env:GEMINI_API_KEY="YOUR_GEMINI_API_KEY"
     ```

     </TabItem>
   </Tabs>

   To make this setting persistent, see
   [Persisting Environment Variables](#persisting-vars).

3. Start the CLI:

   ```bash
   gemini
   ```

4. Select **Use Gemini API key**.

> [!WARNING]
> Treat API keys, especially for services like Gemini, as sensitive
> credentials. Protect them to prevent unauthorized access and potential misuse
> of the service under your account.

## Use Vertex AI <a id="vertex-ai"></a>

To use Gemini CLI with Google Cloud's Vertex AI platform, choose from the
following authentication options:

- A. Application Default Credentials (ADC) using `gcloud`.
- B. Service account JSON key.
- C. Google Cloud API key.

Regardless of your authentication method for Vertex AI, you'll need to set
`GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT` to your Google Cloud project ID with the Vertex AI API
enabled, and `GOOGLE_CLOUD_LOCATION` to the [location of your Vertex AI resources](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/generative-ai/docs/learn/locations)
or the location where you want to run your jobs.

For example:

<Tabs>
  <TabItem label="macOS/Linux">

  ```bash
# Replace with your project ID and desired location (for example, us-central1)
export GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT="YOUR_PROJECT_ID"
export GOOGLE_CLOUD_LOCATION="YOUR_PROJECT_LOCATION"
  ```

  </TabItem>
  <TabItem label="Windows (PowerShell)">

  ```powershell
# Replace with your project ID and desired location (for example, us-central1)
$env:GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT="YOUR_PROJECT_ID"
$env:GOOGLE_CLOUD_LOCATION="YOUR_PROJECT_LOCATION"
  ```

  </TabItem>
</Tabs>

To make any Vertex AI environment variable settings persistent, see
[Persisting Environment Variables](#persisting-vars).

#### A. Vertex AI - application default credentials (ADC) using `gcloud`

Consider this authentication method if you have Google Cloud CLI installed.

If you have previously set `GOOGLE_API_KEY` or `GEMINI_API_KEY`, you must unset
them to use ADC.

<Tabs>
  <TabItem label="macOS/Linux">

  ```bash
unset GOOGLE_API_KEY GEMINI_API_KEY
  ```

  </TabItem>
  <TabItem label="Windows (PowerShell)">

  ```powershell
Remove-Item Env:\GOOGLE_API_KEY, Env:\GEMINI_API_KEY -ErrorAction Ignore
  ```

  </TabItem>
</Tabs>

1. Verify you have a Google Cloud project and Vertex AI API is enabled.

2. Log in to Google Cloud:

   ```bash
   gcloud auth application-default login
   ```

3. [Configure your Google Cloud Project](#set-gcp).

4. Start the CLI:

   ```bash
   gemini
   ```

5. Select **Vertex AI**.

#### B. Vertex AI - service account JSON key

Consider this method of authentication in non-interactive environments, CI/CD
pipelines, or if your organization restricts user-based ADC or API key creation.

If you have previously set `GOOGLE_API_KEY` or `GEMINI_API_KEY`, you must unset
them:

<Tabs>
  <TabItem label="macOS/Linux">

  ```bash
unset GOOGLE_API_KEY GEMINI_API_KEY
  ```

  </TabItem>
  <TabItem label="Windows (PowerShell)">

  ```powershell
Remove-Item Env:\GOOGLE_API_KEY, Env:\GEMINI_API_KEY -ErrorAction Ignore
  ```

  </TabItem>
</Tabs>

1.  [Create a service account and key](https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/keys-create-delete)
    and download the provided JSON file. Assign the "Vertex AI User" role to the
    service account.

2.  Set the `GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS` environment variable to the JSON
    file's absolute path. For example:

    <Tabs>
      <TabItem label="macOS/Linux">

      ```bash
        # Replace /path/to/your/keyfile.json with the actual path
        export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="/path/to/your/keyfile.json"
      ```

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem label="Windows (PowerShell)">

      ```powershell
        # Replace C:\path\to\your\keyfile.json with the actual path
        $env:GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="C:\path\to\your\keyfile.json"
      ```

      </TabItem>
    </Tabs>

3.  [Configure your Google Cloud Project](#set-gcp).

4.  Start the CLI:

    ```bash
    gemini
    ```

5.  Select **Vertex AI**.

> [!WARNING]
> Protect your service account key file as it gives access to
> your resources.

#### C. Vertex AI - Google Cloud API key

1.  Obtain a Google Cloud API key:
    [Get an API Key](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/generative-ai/docs/start/api-keys?usertype=newuser).

2.  Set the `GOOGLE_API_KEY` environment variable:

    <Tabs>
      <TabItem label="macOS/Linux">

      ```bash
        # Replace YOUR_GOOGLE_API_KEY with your Vertex AI API key
        export GOOGLE_API_KEY="YOUR_GOOGLE_API_KEY"
      ```

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem label="Windows (PowerShell)">

      ```powershell
        # Replace YOUR_GOOGLE_API_KEY with your Vertex AI API key
        $env:GOOGLE_API_KEY="YOUR_GOOGLE_API_KEY"
      ```

      </TabItem>
    </Tabs>

    If you see errors like `"API keys are not supported by this API..."`, your
    organization might restrict API key usage for this service. Try the other
    Vertex AI authentication methods instead.

3.  [Configure your Google Cloud Project](#set-gcp).

4.  Start the CLI:

    ```bash
    gemini
    ```

5.  Select **Vertex AI**.

## Set your Google Cloud project <a id="set-gcp"></a>

> [!IMPORTANT]
> Most individual Google accounts (free and paid) don't require a
> Google Cloud project for authentication.

When you sign in using your Google account, you may need to configure a Google
Cloud project for Gemini CLI to use. This applies when you meet at least one of
the following conditions:

- You are using a Company, School, or Google Workspace account.
- You are using a Gemini Code Assist license from the Google Developer Program.
- You are using a license from a Gemini Code Assist subscription.

To configure Gemini CLI to use a Google Cloud project, do the following:

1.  [Find your Google Cloud Project ID](https://support.google.com/googleapi/answer/7014113).

2.  [Enable the Gemini for Cloud API](https://cloud.google.com/gemini/docs/discover/set-up-gemini#enable-api).

3.  [Configure necessary IAM access permissions](https://cloud.google.com/gemini/docs/discover/set-up-gemini#grant-iam).

4.  Configure your environment variables. Set either the `GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT`
    or `GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT_ID` variable to the project ID to use with Gemini
    CLI. Gemini CLI checks for `GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT` first, then falls back to
    `GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT_ID`.

    For example, to set the `GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT_ID` variable:

    <Tabs>
      <TabItem label="macOS/Linux">

      ```bash
        # Replace YOUR_PROJECT_ID with your actual Google Cloud project ID
        export GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT="YOUR_PROJECT_ID"
      ```

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem label="Windows (PowerShell)">

      ```powershell
        # Replace YOUR_PROJECT_ID with your actual Google Cloud project ID
        $env:GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT="YOUR_PROJECT_ID"
      ```

      </TabItem>
    </Tabs>

    To make this setting persistent, see
    [Persisting Environment Variables](#persisting-vars).

## Persisting environment variables <a id="persisting-vars"></a>

To avoid setting environment variables for every terminal session, you can
persist them with the following methods:

1.  **Add your environment variables to your shell configuration file:** Append
    the environment variable commands to your shell's startup file.

    <Tabs>
      <TabItem label="macOS/Linux">

      (for example, `~/.bashrc`, `~/.zshrc`, or `~/.profile`):

      ```bash
        echo 'export GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT="YOUR_PROJECT_ID"' >> ~/.bashrc
        source ~/.bashrc
      ```

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem label="Windows (PowerShell)">

      (for example, `$PROFILE`):

      ```powershell
        Add-Content -Path $PROFILE -Value '$env:GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT="YOUR_PROJECT_ID"'
        . $PROFILE
      ```

      </TabItem>
    </Tabs>

> [!WARNING]
> Be aware that when you export API keys or service account
> paths in your shell configuration file, any process launched from that
> shell can read them.

2.  **Use a `.env` file:** Create a `.gemini/.env` file in your project
    directory or home directory. Gemini CLI automatically loads variables from
    the first `.env` file it finds, searching up from the current directory,
    then in your home directory's `.gemini/.env` (for example, `~/.gemini/.env`
    or `%USERPROFILE%\.gemini\.env`).

    Example for user-wide settings:

    <Tabs>
      <TabItem label="macOS/Linux">

      ```bash
        mkdir -p ~/.gemini
        cat >> ~/.gemini/.env <<'EOF'
        GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT="your-project-id"
        # Add other variables like GEMINI_API_KEY as needed
        EOF
      ```

      </TabItem>
      <TabItem label="Windows (PowerShell)">

      ```powershell
        New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path "$env:USERPROFILE\.gemini"
        @"
        GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT="your-project-id"
        # Add other variables like GEMINI_API_KEY as needed
        "@ | Out-File -FilePath "$env:USERPROFILE\.gemini\.env" -Encoding utf8 -Append
      ```

      </TabItem>
    </Tabs>

Variables are loaded from the first file found, not merged.

## Running in Google Cloud environments <a id="cloud-env"></a>

When running Gemini CLI within certain Google Cloud environments, authentication
is automatic.

In a Google Cloud Shell environment, Gemini CLI typically authenticates
automatically using your Cloud Shell credentials. In Compute Engine
environments, Gemini CLI automatically uses Application Default Credentials
(ADC) from the environment's metadata server.

If automatic authentication fails, use one of the interactive methods described
on this page.

## Running in headless mode <a id="headless"></a>

[Headless mode](../cli/headless.md) will use your existing authentication
method, if an existing authentication credential is cached.

If you have not already signed in with an authentication credential, you must
configure authentication using environment variables:

- [Use Gemini API Key](#gemini-api)
- [Vertex AI](#vertex-ai)

## What's next?

Your authentication method affects your quotas, pricing, Terms of Service, and
privacy notices. Review the following pages to learn more:

- [Gemini CLI: Quotas and Pricing](../resources/quota-and-pricing.md).
- [Gemini CLI: Terms of Service and Privacy Notice](../resources/tos-privacy.md).