Blame for t2s/rulebased.py

"""Kural tabanlı Türkçe Text-to-SQL taban çizgisi (LLM gerektirmez).

Amaç: API anahtarı olmadan da sistemin uçtan uca çalışması ve LLM yaklaşımları için
karşılaştırma tabanı oluşturmak. Adımlar:
  1) Soru normalizasyonu (Türkçe küçük harf, ek ayırma, TR sayı/tarih yakalama)
  2) Değer eşleme  : soru içindeki varlıkları tablo hücre değerlerine bağlama
  3) Şema eşleme   : tablo ve ölçü sütunu seçimi (kök eşleme + yıl eşleme + eş anlamlılar)
  4) Niyet         : seçim / toplam / ortalama / sayım / en-yüksek / listeleme / gruplama /
                     fark / yüzde değişim / pay
  5) Kapsam denetimi: tabloda olmayan yıl/dönem/varlık -> açıkça "cevapsız"
Her soru için sıralı aday SQL listesi döner; ajan, hata durumunda sonraki adaya geçer.
"""
from __future__ import annotations

import json
import re
from dataclasses import dataclass, field

from .trnum import AYLAR, fold

Q_STOP = {"ne", "kadar", "kac", "nedir", "hangi", "hangisi", "hangisidir", "hangileri", "hangileridir",
          "olan", "olarak", "icin", "ile", "ve", "bir", "bu", "da", "de", "mi", "mu", "midir", "var",
          "yil", "yili", "yilinda", "yilindaki", "yilinin", "tum", "olan", "nin", "nun", "in", "un",
          "dir", "tir", "dur", "tur", "misin", "listeler", "listele", "gore", "ki", "en", "toplam",
          "ortalama", "yuzde", "arttı", "artti", "azaldi", "degisti", "kac", "tane", "adet"}
VAL_STOP = {"ve", "ile", "-", "(-)", "de", "da"}

SYN = {  # soru kökü -> şema kökü (alan sözlüğü)
    "harca": "gerceklesme", "harcan": "gerceklesme", "odene": "butce", "tuketen": "tuketim",
    "tuket": "tuketim", "pahal": "ucret", "ucuz": "ucret", "fiyat": "ucret", "kazanc": "kar",
    "enflasyon": "degisim", "calisan": "personel", "istihdam": "personel",
}
CHANGE_PCT = re.compile(r"yuzde\s*kac\s*(art|azal|degis|dus)|(artis|degisim|azalis)\s*(orani|yuzdesi)")
CHANGE_ABS = re.compile(r"(ne\s*kadar|kac\s*\w+)\s*(artt|azald|degist|dust)|\bfark(?!li)")
SHARE = re.compile(r"\bpay[ıi]?\b.*yuzde|yuzde.*\bpay")
ARGMAX = re.compile(r"\ben\s*(yuksek|fazla|cok|buyuk|pahali)")
ARGMIN = re.compile(r"\ben\s*(dusuk|az|kucuk|ucuz)")
WHICH = re.compile(r"\bhangi|\bne zaman")
LIST = re.compile(r"hangileri|listele|nelerdir|\bhangi\w*\s+\w+(ler|lar)\b")
COUNT = re.compile(r"\bkac\s+(tane|adet|farkli)|\bkac\s+\w+\s+var\b|\bkac\s+\w+\s+\w+\s+var\b|"
                   r"\bsayisi\s+(nedir|kactir)|\bkac\s+(ay|il|yil|hizmet|gider)\b")
GT = re.compile(r"(fazla|uzerinde|ustunde|asan|astig|buyuk|yuksek)")
LT = re.compile(r"(az\b|altinda|altina|dusuk|kucuk)")


def _stem_match(a: str, b: str) -> bool:
    if not a or not b:
        return False
    if len(a) <= 3 or len(b) <= 3:
        return a == b or (len(a) <= 3 and b.startswith(a) and len(b) - len(a) <= 4 and len(a) >= 3) \
            or (len(b) <= 3 and a.startswith(b) and len(a) - len(b) <= 4 and len(b) >= 3)
    cp = 0
    for x, y in zip(a, b):
        if x != y:
            break
        cp += 1
    return cp >= min(len(a), len(b), 5) or cp >= 4


def tokenize(text: str) -> list[str]:
    s = fold(text)
    s = re.sub(r"['’]\w*", " ", s)          # İzmir'in -> izmir
    return [t for t in re.split(r"[^a-z0-9²³]+", s) if t]


@dataclass
class Col:
    name: str
    orig: str
    sqltype: str
    sem: str
    unit: str | None
    mult: float
    toks: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
    years: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)


@dataclass
class TableInfo:
    name: str
    caption: str
    cols: list[Col]
    values: dict[str, list[str]]
    has_total: bool
    cap_toks: list[str]
    years_in_data: set[str]


def load_meta(con) -> dict[str, TableInfo]:
    tabs = {}
    have = {r[1] for r in con.execute("PRAGMA table_info(_tablolar)")}
    ctx_sql = "baglam_yillari" if "baglam_yillari" in have else "NULL"
    for t, cap, ctx_years in con.execute(f"SELECT tablo, baslik, {ctx_sql} FROM _tablolar"):
        cols = []
        for nm, orig, typ, sem, unit, mult in con.execute(
                "SELECT sutun, orijinal_baslik, sql_tipi, anlam, birim, carpan FROM _sutunlar "
                "WHERE tablo=? ORDER BY sira", (t,)):
            years = re.findall(r"(?:19|20)\d{2}", nm)
            toks = [x for x in re.split(r"_", nm) if x and not x.isdigit() and x != "yil"]
            toks += [x for x in tokenize(orig or "") if not x.isdigit() and x not in toks]
            cols.append(Col(nm, orig or nm, typ, sem, unit, mult or 1.0, toks, years))
        values, years = {}, set()
        for c in cols:
            if c.sqltype == "TEXT":
                vals = [v for (v,) in con.execute(f'SELECT DISTINCT "{c.name}" FROM "{t}" WHERE "{c.name}" IS NOT NULL')]
                if c.sem == "metin":
                    values[c.name] = vals
                for v in vals:
                    years.update(re.findall(r"(?:19|20)\d{2}", str(v)))
            elif c.sem == "yil":
                years.update(str(v) for (v,) in con.execute(f'SELECT DISTINCT "{c.name}" FROM "{t}"'))
            years.update(c.years)
        cap_toks = [x for x in tokenize(re.sub(r"^\s*tablo\s*\d+\s*:", "", cap or "", flags=re.I))
                    if x not in Q_STOP and not x.isdigit()]
        years.update(re.findall(r"(?:19|20)\d{2}", cap or ""))
        years.update(y for y in (ctx_years or "").split(",") if y)  # tablonun dönemi belge metninden
        tabs[t] = TableInfo(t, cap or "", cols, values, any(c.name == "toplam_satiri" for c in cols),
                            cap_toks, years)
    return tabs


# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- yakalayıcılar
_NUM_TOKEN = re.compile(r"(?<![\d.,])(%\s*)?(\d{1,3}(?:\.\d{3})+(?:,\d+)?|\d+(?:,\d+)?)(\s*%)?"
                        r"\s*(bin|milyon|milyar)?", re.I)


def find_numbers(q: str) -> list[tuple[float, bool, str]]:
    """Sorudaki sayıları (değer, yüzde mi, ham) döndürür; yılları ve tarih parçalarını atlar."""
    out = []
    qq = re.sub(r"\d{1,2}[./]\d{1,2}[./]\d{4}", " ", q)
    for m in _NUM_TOKEN.finditer(qq):
        raw = m.group(2)
        if re.fullmatch(r"(19|20)\d{2}", raw):
            continue
        # tarihteki gün: '1 Temmuz 2025'
        after = qq[m.end():m.end() + 12]
        if re.match(r"\s*[A-Za-zÇĞİÖŞÜçğıöşü]+\s+(19|20)\d{2}", after) and fold(after.split()[0]) in AYLAR:
            continue
        val = float(raw.replace(".", "").replace(",", "."))
        mult = {"bin": 1e3, "milyon": 1e6, "milyar": 1e9}.get((m.group(4) or "").lower(), 1.0)
        pct = bool(m.group(1) or m.group(3)) or bool(re.search(r"yüzde\s*$|yuzde\s*$", fold(qq[:m.start()])))
        if re.match(r"\s*(il|ilin|kisi|ay)\b", fold(qq[m.end():m.end() + 6])) and val < 100:
            continue  # '17 ilin' gibi niceleyiciler
        out.append((val * mult, pct, raw))
    return out


def find_dates(q: str) -> dict:
    """{'full': ['2025-03-15'], 'month': ['2025-03'], 'years': ['2024']}"""
    f = fold(q)
    res = {"full": [], "month": [], "years": []}
    for d, m, y in re.findall(r"\b(\d{1,2})[./](\d{1,2})[./](\d{4})\b", f):
        res["full"].append(f"{y}-{int(m):02d}-{int(d):02d}")
    for d, mon, y in re.findall(r"\b(\d{1,2})\s+([a-z]+)\s+(\d{4})", f):
        if mon in AYLAR:
            res["full"].append(f"{y}-{AYLAR[mon]:02d}-{int(d):02d}")
    for mon, y in re.findall(r"\b([a-z]+)\s+(\d{4})", f):
        if mon in AYLAR:
            ym = f"{y}-{AYLAR[mon]:02d}"
            if not any(x.startswith(ym) for x in res["full"]):
                res["month"].append(ym)
    res["years"] = re.findall(r"\b((?:19|20)\d{2})\b", re.sub(r"\d{1,2}[./]\d{1,2}[./]\d{4}", " ", f))
    return res


def q_like(s: str) -> str:
    return "'" + str(s).replace("'", "''") + "'"


# --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ana sınıf
@dataclass
class RuleResult:
    candidates: list[str]
    answerable: bool
    reason: str
    trace: dict


class RuleBasedTextToSQL:
    name = "kural-tabanli"

    def __init__(self, con):
        self.con = con
        self.meta = load_meta(con)

        self._build_df()

    def _build_df(self):
        """Sütun kökü belge sıklığı: birçok sütunda geçen kökler ('donem') tablo seçiminde daha az ağırlık alır."""
        from collections import Counter
        cnt = Counter()
        for t in self.meta.values():
            for c in t.cols:
                for tok in set(c.toks):
                    cnt[tok] += 1
        self._df = dict(cnt)

    def refresh(self):
        self.meta = load_meta(self.con)
        self._build_df()

    # ------------------------------------------------------------ eşleme
    def _value_matches(self, t: TableInfo, qt: list[str]):
        found = []
        for col, vals in t.values.items():
            best = []
            for v in vals:
                vt = [x for x in tokenize(v) if x not in VAL_STOP and not x.isdigit()]
                if not vt:
                    continue
                pos = [min((i for i, y in enumerate(qt) if _stem_match(x, y)), default=None) for x in vt]
                pos = [p_ for p_ in pos if p_ is not None]
                hit = len(pos)
                sc = hit / len(vt)
                need = 1.0 if len(vt) <= 1 else 0.6
                if sc >= need:
                    span = (max(pos) - min(pos)) if pos else 0
                    generic = sum(1 for x in vt if any(_stem_match(x, y) for y in qt)
                                  and any(_stem_match(x, tok) for c in t.cols for tok in c.toks))
                    best.append((sc, hit, -span, -generic, len(v), v))
            if best:
                best.sort(reverse=True)
                top = [b for b in best if b[:4] == best[0][:4]]
                weight = 1.0 if max(len(b[5]) for b in top) > 3 else 0.35
                found.append((col, [b[5] for b in top], weight * (best[0][0] + 0.1 * best[0][1])))
        return found

    def _mention_pair(self, ranked, qt):
        """Soruda geçen ilk iki ölçü sütununu (aynı yıla ait) geçiş sırasıyla döndürür."""
        def first_pos(c):
            ps = [i for i, y in enumerate(qt) for tok in c.toks if _stem_match(tok, y)]
            return min(ps) if ps else None
        def ratio(c):
            return sum(1 for tok in set(c.toks) if any(_stem_match(tok, y) for y in qt)) / max(1, len(set(c.toks)))
        cands = [c for s_, _, c in ranked if s_ > 0]
        full = [c for c in cands if ratio(c) >= 0.99]
        pos = [(first_pos(c), c) for c in (full if len(full) >= 2 else cands)]
        pos = [(p_, c) for p_, c in pos if p_ is not None]
        pos.sort(key=lambda x: x[0])
        for i in range(len(pos)):
            for j in range(i + 1, len(pos)):
                a, b = pos[i][1], pos[j][1]
                if a.years == b.years and a.toks != b.toks:
                    return a, b
        return None

    def _col_score(self, c: Col, qt: list[str], years: list[str], idf: bool = False) -> float:
        sc = 0.0
        for tok in c.toks:
            for y in qt:
                if _stem_match(tok, y) or SYN.get(y[:5]) and _stem_match(tok, SYN[y[:5]]) or \
                        any(y.startswith(k) and _stem_match(tok, v) for k, v in SYN.items()):
                    sc += (1.0 / self._df.get(tok, 1)) if idf else 1.0
                    break
        if c.years:
            hit = sum(1 for y in c.years if y in years)
            sc += 1.5 * hit
            if years and hit == 0:
                sc -= 1.5
        return sc

    def _table_score(self, t: TableInfo, qt, years, vmatches) -> float:
        sc = sum(m[2] * 3 for m in vmatches)
        cs = sorted((max(0.0, self._col_score(c, qt, [], idf=True)) for c in t.cols), reverse=True)
        if cs:
            sc += sum(cs[:2]) + 0.3 * sum(cs[2:])
        sc += 0.5 * sum(1.0 for x in t.cap_toks if any(_stem_match(x, y) for y in qt))
        if years and any(y in t.years_in_data for y in years):
            sc += 1.0
        # sorulan varlık türü: '... il hangisidir', 'hangi mahalle'
        asked = re.findall(r"(\w+)\s+hangi\w*|hangi\s+(\w+)|(\w+)\s+gore\b", fold(" ".join(qt_raw)) if (qt_raw := getattr(self, "_qraw", None)) else "")
        for a, b, g in asked:
            w = a or b or g
            if any(_stem_match(tok, w) for c in t.cols if c.sqltype == "TEXT" or c.sem == "yil" for tok in c.toks + [c.name]):
                sc += 2.0
        return sc

    # ------------------------------------------------------------ üretim
    def generate(self, question: str) -> RuleResult:
        q = question
        f = fold(q)
        qt_all = tokenize(q)
        self._qraw = qt_all
        qt = [x for x in qt_all if x not in Q_STOP and len(x) >= 2 and not x.isdigit()]
        dates = find_dates(q)
        years = dates["years"]
        nums = find_numbers(q)
        trace = {"tokenler": qt, "tarihler": dates, "sayilar": nums}

        scored = []
        for t in self.meta.values():
            vm = self._value_matches(t, qt)
            scored.append((self._table_score(t, qt, years, vm), t.name, vm))
        scored.sort(reverse=True)
        trace["tablo_puanlari"] = [(round(s, 2), n) for s, n, _ in scored]
        if not scored or scored[0][0] < 1.0:
            return RuleResult([], False, "Soru yüklenen tabloların hiçbiriyle eşleşmedi.", trace)

        cands, reasons = [], []
        top_score = scored[0][0]
        for rank, (sc, tname, vm) in enumerate(scored[:2]):
            if sc < 1.0 or (rank > 0 and sc < 0.6 * top_score):
                continue
            res = self._build_for_table(self.meta[tname], q, f, qt, dates, nums, vm, trace)
            if res[0] is None:
                reasons.append(res[1])
                continue
            cands.append(res[0])
        if not cands:
            return RuleResult([], False, reasons[0] if reasons else "Uygun sorgu kurulamadı.", trace)
        return RuleResult(cands, True, "", trace)

    def _build_for_table(self, t: TableInfo, q, f, qt, dates, nums, vm, trace):
        years = dates["years"]
        num_cols = [c for c in t.cols if c.sqltype in ("INTEGER", "REAL") and c.sem in ("sayi", "yuzde")]
        year_col = next((c for c in t.cols if c.sem == "yil"), None)
        date_col = next((c for c in t.cols if c.sem == "tarih"), None)
        text_cols = [c for c in t.cols if c.sqltype == "TEXT" and c.sem == "metin"]
        T = f'"{t.name}"'
        where = []

        # ---------- kapsam denetimi (cevapsız sorular)
        mentioned_years = set(years)
        for d in dates["full"] + dates["month"]:
            mentioned_years.add(d[:4])
        missing = [y for y in mentioned_years if y not in t.years_in_data]
        range_q = re.search(r"(\d{4})\s*-\s*(\d{4})\s*(donem|arasi|yillari)", f)
        # yalnızca tabloda (ya da belge bağlamında) yıl bilgisi varsa red; hiç yıl bilgisi yoksa kanıt yokluğudur
        if missing and t.years_in_data and not range_q:
            return None, (f"'{t.caption}' tablosunda {', '.join(sorted(missing))} yılına ait veri yok; "
                          "bu soru mevcut tablolardan cevaplanamaz.")
        if date_col is not None and dates["month"] and date_col.sem == "tarih":
            vals = {str(v) for (v,) in self.con.execute(f'SELECT DISTINCT "{date_col.name}" FROM {T}')}
            month_vals = {v[:7] for v in vals}
            for m in dates["month"]:
                if m not in month_vals and not re.search(r"(once|sonra|itibaren)", f):
                    return None, f"Tabloda {m} dönemine ait kayıt bulunmuyor; veri bu dönemi kapsamıyor."

        # ---------- değer filtreleri
        used_val_cols = set()
        for col, vals, sc in vm:
            used_val_cols.add(col)
            if len(vals) == 1:
                where.append(f'"{col}" = {q_like(vals[0])}')
            else:
                where.append(f'"{col}" IN ({", ".join(q_like(v) for v in vals)})')

        # ---------- niyet
        pct_change = bool(CHANGE_PCT.search(f))
        if pct_change and not re.search(r"yuzde\s*kac", f) and any("degisim" in c.toks for c in num_cols):
            pct_change = False   # tabloda hazır 'değişim oranı' sütunu var
        abs_change = bool(CHANGE_ABS.search(f)) and not pct_change
        share = bool(SHARE.search(f))
        is_avg = "ortalama" in f
        is_sum = bool(re.search(r"\btoplam\b", f))
        is_count = bool(COUNT.search(f)) and not is_avg
        argmax, argmin = bool(ARGMAX.search(f)), bool(ARGMIN.search(f))
        which = bool(WHICH.search(f))
        is_list = bool(LIST.search(f))
        first = bool(re.search(r"\bilk\b", f))
        group_col = None
        mg = re.search(r"(\w+)\s+(\w+\s+)?gore\b", f)
        if mg and ("listele" in f or is_avg or is_sum):
            words = [w for w in (mg.group(1), (mg.group(2) or "").strip()) if w]
            gbest = 0
            for c in text_cols:
                n_ = sum(1 for tok in c.toks if any(_stem_match(tok, w) for w in words))
                if n_ > gbest:
                    group_col, gbest = c, n_
            if group_col is None and mg.group(2):
                w = mg.group(2).strip()
                group_col = next((c for c in text_cols if any(_stem_match(tok, w) for tok in c.toks)), None)

        # ---------- ölçü sütunu
        def best_measure(exclude=()):
            ranked = sorted(((self._col_score(c, qt, years), i, c) for i, c in enumerate(num_cols)
                             if c.name not in exclude), key=lambda x: (-x[0], x[1]))
            return ranked
        ranked = best_measure()
        measure = ranked[0][2] if ranked and ranked[0][0] > 0 else (num_cols[0] if len(num_cols) == 1 else None)
        if measure is None and ranked:
            # yalnızca yıl ile seçilen sütunlar (yil_2024 gibi)
            yr = [c for c in num_cols if c.years and all(y in years for y in c.years)]
            measure = yr[0] if yr else ranked[0][2]
        # yüzde soruları yüzde sütununu tercih etsin
        if measure is not None and ("yuzde" in f or "%" in q or "oran" in f) and not (pct_change or share):
            pcols = [c for c in num_cols if c.unit == "%" or c.sem == "yuzde"]
            if pcols and measure not in pcols:
                pr = sorted(pcols, key=lambda c: -self._col_score(c, qt, years))
                if self._col_score(pr[0], qt, years) > 0 or len(pcols) == 1:
                    measure = pr[0] if not nums or not any(n[1] for n in nums) or True else measure
        trace["olcu"] = measure.name if measure else None

        # ---------- yıl / tarih satır filtreleri
        if year_col is not None and years and not (pct_change or abs_change):
            if range_q:
                where.append(f'"{year_col.name}" BETWEEN {range_q.group(1)} AND {range_q.group(2)}')
            elif len(years) == 1 and not (measure and measure.years):
                where.append(f'"{year_col.name}" = {years[0]}')
        if date_col is not None:
            cmp = "<" if re.search(r"\bonce", f) else (">" if re.search(r"\bsonra", f) else
                                                       (">=" if "itibaren" in f else "="))
            if dates["full"]:
                where.append(f'"{date_col.name}" {cmp} {q_like(dates["full"][0])}')
            elif dates["month"] and not (pct_change or abs_change):
                m = dates["month"][0]
                is_full = any(len(str(v)) == 10 for (v,) in self.con.execute(
                    f'SELECT "{date_col.name}" FROM {T} LIMIT 3'))
                if is_full:
                    where.append(f'"{date_col.name}" {cmp if cmp != "=" else ">="} {q_like(m + "-01")}'
                                 if cmp != "=" else f'substr("{date_col.name}",1,7) = {q_like(m)}')
                else:
                    where.append(f'"{date_col.name}" {cmp} {q_like(m)}')
            elif years and not (pct_change or abs_change):
                where.append(f'"{date_col.name}" LIKE {q_like(years[0] + "-%")}')

        # ---------- sayısal eşik
        thr = [n for n in nums]
        if thr and measure is not None and not (pct_change or abs_change or share):
            val, is_pct, raw = thr[0]
            tail = f[f.find(fold(raw)) + len(fold(raw)):] if fold(raw) in f else f
            op = ">" if GT.search(tail[:40]) else ("<" if LT.search(tail[:40]) else None)
            if op:
                target = measure
                if is_pct:
                    pc = [c for c in num_cols if c.unit == "%" or c.sem == "yuzde"]
                    if pc:
                        target = max(pc, key=lambda c: self._col_score(c, qt, years))
                v = val / (target.mult if target.unit and target.unit.startswith("bin") else 1.0)
                where.append(f'"{target.name}" {op} {v:g}')
                measure = target
        # sütunlar arası karşılaştırma: "gerçekleşmesi bütçesini aştı"
        if re.search(r"(asti|astig|gecti)", f) and not thr and measure is not None and len(ranked) > 1:
            pair = self._mention_pair(ranked, qt)
            if pair:
                where.append(f'"{pair[0].name}" > "{pair[1].name}"')

        # iki yıl arasında artan/azalan satırlar: 'tüketimi 2023'ten 2024'e azalan'
        if not (pct_change or abs_change) and len(set(years)) == 2 and re.search(r"(azal|dus|art)", f):
            y0, y1 = sorted(set(years))
            ca = next((c for c in num_cols if c.years == [y0]), None)
            cb = next((c for c in num_cols if c.years == [y1] and ca is not None
                       and [x for x in c.toks] == [x for x in ca.toks]), None)
            if ca is not None and cb is not None:
                op = "<" if re.search(r"(azal|dus)", f) else ">"
                where.append(f'"{cb.name}" {op} "{ca.name}"')
                measure = cb

        total_filter = []
        if t.has_total:
            total_filter = ["toplam_satiri = 0"]
            if measure is not None and measure.unit == "%" and re.search(r"\b(genel|toplam)\b", f) \
                    and not any(c in used_val_cols for c in t.values):
                total_filter = ["toplam_satiri = 1"]

        def W(extra=()):
            conds = list(where) + list(extra)
            return (" WHERE " + " AND ".join(conds)) if conds else ""

        def label_col():
            in_where = {c.name for c in t.cols if any(f'"{c.name}"' in w for w in where)}
            qtoks = tokenize(q)
            best_c, best_r = None, 0.0
            for c in [year_col, date_col] + text_cols:
                if c is None or c.name in in_where or c.name in used_val_cols or not c.toks:
                    continue
                r_ = sum(1 for tok in c.toks if any(_stem_match(tok, y) for y in qtoks)) / len(c.toks)
                if r_ > best_r:
                    best_c, best_r = c, r_
            if best_c is not None:
                return best_c
            if re.search(r"\b(ay|ayi|donem|donemi|ne zaman)\b", f) and date_col is not None:
                return date_col
            if re.search(r"\byil\b", f) and year_col is not None:
                return year_col
            for c in text_cols:
                if c.name not in used_val_cols:
                    return c
            return text_cols[0] if text_cols else (year_col or date_col)

        # birim dönüşümü
        def conv(expr: str, col: Col | None) -> str:
            if col is None or not col.unit:
                return expr
            u = col.unit.lower()
            if u.startswith("bin ") and re.search(r"\bkac\s+(tl|mwh)\b|\b(tl|mwh)\s*(olarak|cinsinden)", f) \
                    and not re.search(r"\bbin\s+(tl|mwh)", f):
                return f"{expr}*1000"
            if u in ("m³",) and re.search(r"\blitre", f):
                return f"{expr}*1000"
            return expr

        if measure is None and not is_count:
            return None, "Soruda tabloya ait bir ölçü (sütun) bulunamadı."

        # ---------- iki ölçü arasındaki fark ('bütçe ile gerçekleşme arasındaki fark')
        if abs_change and re.search(r"\bfark", f):
            pair = self._mention_pair(ranked, qt)
            if pair:
                return f'SELECT "{pair[0].name}"-"{pair[1].name}" FROM {T}{W(() if vm else total_filter)}', ""

        # ---------- yüzde değişim / fark
        if pct_change or abs_change:
            a = b = None
            if measure is not None and measure.years:
                base_toks = [x for x in measure.toks if not x.isdigit()]
                pool = [c for c in num_cols if c.years and [x for x in c.toks if not x.isdigit()] == base_toks]
                ys = sorted(set(years))
                if len(ys) >= 2:
                    a = next((c for c in pool if ys[0] in c.years), None)
                    b = next((c for c in pool if ys[-1] in c.years), None)
                if (a is None or b is None):
                    yc = sorted([c for c in num_cols if c.years and c.sem == "sayi"], key=lambda c: c.years[-1])
                    if len(yc) == 2:
                        a, b = yc
                    elif len(ys) == 1 and len(pool) >= 2:
                        a = next((c for c in pool if ys[0] in c.years), None)
                        b = max(pool, key=lambda c: c.years[-1])
            if a is not None and b is not None and a is not b:
                neg = any(re.search(r"gider|\(-\)", fold(v)) for _, vs, _ in vm for v in vs)
                A_, B_ = (f'ABS("{a.name}")', f'ABS("{b.name}")') if neg and abs_change else (f'"{a.name}"', f'"{b.name}"')
                expr = f"({B_}-{A_})*100.0/{A_}" if pct_change else f"{B_}-{A_}"
                return f"SELECT {expr} FROM {T}{W(total_filter if not vm else ())}", ""
            # satır bazlı (yıl sütunu veya tarih sütunu)
            key = year_col or date_col
            pts = sorted(set(years)) if year_col else (dates["month"] or dates["full"])
            if key is not None and len(pts) >= 2 and measure is not None:
                def sub(p):
                    lit = p if year_col else q_like(p)
                    return f'(SELECT "{measure.name}" FROM {T} WHERE "{key.name}" = {lit})'
                s0, s1 = sub(pts[0]), sub(pts[-1])
                expr = f"({s1}-{s0})*100.0/{s0}" if pct_change else f"{s1}-{s0}"
                return f"SELECT {expr}", ""
            return None, "Değişim hesaplamak için iki dönem/sütun belirlenemedi."

        # ---------- pay
        if share and measure is not None:
            denom = next((c for c in num_cols if c.name in ("toplam",) or "toplam" in c.toks), None)
            if denom is not None and denom is not measure:
                return f'SELECT "{measure.name}"*100.0/"{denom.name}" FROM {T}{W()}', ""

        # ---------- gruplama
        if group_col is not None and measure is not None:
            agg = "AVG" if is_avg else "SUM"
            return (f'SELECT "{group_col.name}", {agg}("{measure.name}") FROM {T}{W(total_filter)} '
                    f'GROUP BY "{group_col.name}"'), ""

        # ---------- sayım
        measure_named = measure is not None and self._col_score(measure, qt, []) > 0
        strong_count = bool(re.search(r"\bkac\s+(tane|adet|farkli)|\bvar\b", f))
        mk = re.search(r"\bkac\s+(\w+)", f)
        if mk and any(_stem_match(tok, mk.group(1)) for c in text_cols for tok in c.toks):
            strong_count = is_count = True   # 'kaç gider türünün', 'kaç il
        if is_count and (strong_count or not measure_named):
            cc = None
            if "farkli" in f:
                cc = next((c for c in text_cols if any(_stem_match(tok, y) for tok in c.toks for y in qt)
                           and c.name not in used_val_cols), None)
            sel = f'COUNT(DISTINCT "{cc.name}")' if cc else "COUNT(*)"
            return f"SELECT {sel} FROM {T}{W(total_filter)}", ""

        # ---------- en yüksek / en düşük
        if (argmax or argmin) and measure is not None:
            order = "DESC" if argmax else "ASC"
            if which or not re.search(r"(nedir|ne kadar|kac)\b", f):
                lc = label_col()
                nn = total_filter + [f'"{measure.name}" IS NOT NULL']  # tanımsız ('-') değerler sıralamaya girmesin
                return f'SELECT "{lc.name}" FROM {T}{W(nn)} ORDER BY "{measure.name}" {order} LIMIT 1', ""
            return f'SELECT {"MAX" if argmax else "MIN"}({conv(chr(34) + measure.name + chr(34), measure)}) FROM {T}{W(total_filter)}', ""

        if first and (which or "donem" in f):
            lc = label_col()
            return f'SELECT MIN("{lc.name}") FROM {T}{W(total_filter)}', ""

        if is_avg and measure is not None:
            return f'SELECT AVG({conv(chr(34) + measure.name + chr(34), measure)}) FROM {T}{W(total_filter)}', ""

        if is_list or (which and len(where) > len(vm)):
            lc = label_col()
            return f'SELECT "{lc.name}" FROM {T}{W(total_filter)}', ""

        if is_sum and measure is not None and "toplam" not in measure.toks and not total_filter == ["toplam_satiri = 1"]:
            if not vm or len(vm) and any(len(v) > 1 for _, v, _ in vm) or any(
                    c not in [x.name for x in text_cols[:1]] for c in used_val_cols):
                return f'SELECT SUM({conv(chr(34) + measure.name + chr(34), measure)}) FROM {T}{W(total_filter)}', ""

        # ---------- tekil seçim
        row_filtered = bool(vm) or any("toplam_satiri = 1" in x for x in total_filter) or \
            any(year_col is not None and f'"{year_col.name}"' in w for w in where) or \
            any(date_col is not None and f'"{date_col.name}"' in w for w in where)
        if not row_filtered and text_cols:
            return None, ("Soruda geçen varlık (ör. il, kalem, hizmet adı) tablodaki değerlerle eşleşmedi; "
                          "bu bilgi belgelerde yer almıyor olabilir.")
        extra = total_filter if total_filter == ["toplam_satiri = 1"] else []
        return f'SELECT {conv(chr(34) + measure.name + chr(34), measure)} FROM {T}{W(extra)}', ""


def explain(res: RuleResult) -> str:
    return json.dumps(res.trace, ensure_ascii=False, default=str)