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README.md
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---
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language: en
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license: apache-2.0
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tags:
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- biology
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- chemistry
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- smiles
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- bert
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- molecular-modeling
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---
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# chemical_structure_smiles_bert
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## Overview
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This model is a BERT-style encoder pre-trained on millions of SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System) strings. It learns the "grammar" of chemistry to provide high-dimensional embeddings of molecules, which can then be used for downstream tasks like property prediction, toxicity screening, and drug-target interaction modeling.
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## Model Architecture
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The model adapts the **BERT** (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) architecture for molecular sequences:
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- **Tokenizer**: Custom regex-based tokenizer that treats atoms (e.g., `[Fe+2]`, `Cl`) and structural markers (`=`, `#`, `(`, `)`) as individual tokens.
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- **Encoder**: 12 layers of multi-head self-attention.
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- **Pre-training Task**: Masked Language Modeling (MLM), where 15% of atoms/bonds are hidden and predicted based on context.
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## Intended Use
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- **Molecular Fingerprinting**: Generating dense vector representations for similarity searches in chemical databases.
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- **Lead Optimization**: Serving as a feature extractor for models predicting LogP, solubility, or binding affinity.
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- **Reaction Prediction**: Analyzing chemical transformations by comparing reactant and product embeddings.
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## Limitations
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- **3D Conformation**: This model only understands 1D string representations and does not account for 3D spatial stereochemistry or bond angles.
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- **Sequence Length**: Extremely large polymers or proteins exceeding 512 SMILES tokens are truncated.
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- **Chemical Diversity**: Predictions may be biased toward drug-like small molecules if the chemical space is outside the pre-training distribution.
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