venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/deepspeed/ops/csrc/quantization/quant_reduce.cu

// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

// DeepSpeed Team

#include <cstdio>
#include "dequantization_utils.h"
#include "ds_kernel_utils.h"
#include "memory_access_utils.h"
#include "quantization_utils.h"
#include "reduction_utils.h"

using rop = reduce::ROpType;

/*
TODO(cmikeh2): Add implementation that better handles larger nodes. It would like make sense
to leverage some parallel reductions here to improve performance.
*/

template <int numBits, int numTensors, int totalChunks, quantize::Type quantType>
__global__ void __launch_bounds__(1024) dequant_reduce(int8_t* reduced_data,
                                                       float* reduced_scales,
                                                       const int8_t* input_data,
                                                       const float* input_scales,
                                                       int elems_per_out_group,
                                                       int elems_per_in_tensor,
                                                       int groups_per_in_tensor,
                                                       int elems_per_in_group,
                                                       int num_tensors)
{
    cg::thread_block tb = cg::this_thread_block();
    cg::thread_block_tile<hw_warp_size> warp = cg::tiled_partition<hw_warp_size>(tb);

    // NOTE(cmikeh2): This probably could be hardcoded to a larger number,
    // but that means even stronger restrictions on the number of elements per group
    // A performance analysis here might be beneficial
    constexpr int mem_granularity = (numBits == 8) ? 8 : 4;
    constexpr int elems_per_load = mem_granularity / sizeof(int8_t);  // div by 1
    constexpr int storage_values = 16 / sizeof(__half2);

    const int block_offset = tb.group_index().x * elems_per_out_group;
    const int elem_offset = tb.thread_index().x * elems_per_load;
    const int base_offset = block_offset + elem_offset;
    const int stride = tb.group_dim().x * elems_per_load;

    __half2 local_buffer[totalChunks * storage_values];

    quantize::GroupStats<quantType> stats;

#pragma unroll
    for (int i = 0; i < totalChunks; i++) {
        __half2* iteration_buffer = local_buffer + i * storage_values;

#pragma unroll
        for (int j = 0; j < storage_values; j++) {
            iteration_buffer[j] = reduce::init<rop::Add, __half2>();
        }

        const int iter_offset = i * stride + base_offset;
        const int iter_scale_idx = iter_offset / elems_per_in_group;
        bool do_loads = i * stride + elem_offset < elems_per_out_group;

        if (numTensors > 0) {
#pragma unroll
            for (int j = 0; j < numTensors; j++) {
                if (do_loads) {
                    int8_t load_buffer[elems_per_load];

                    mem_access::load_global<mem_granularity>(
                        load_buffer, input_data + j * elems_per_in_tensor + iter_offset);

                    quantize::Params<quantType, numBits> params(
                        input_scales + j * groups_per_in_tensor, iter_scale_idx);

                    __half2 dequant_buffer[storage_values];
                    dequantize::chunk<numBits, quantType>(dequant_buffer, load_buffer, params);

#pragma unroll
                    for (int k = 0; k < storage_values; k++) {
                        iteration_buffer[k] =
                            reduce::element<rop::Add>(iteration_buffer[k], dequant_buffer[k]);
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
#pragma unroll 4
            for (int j = 0; j < num_tensors; j++) {
                if (do_loads) {
                    int8_t load_buffer[elems_per_load];

                    mem_access::load_global<mem_granularity>(
                        load_buffer, input_data + j * elems_per_in_tensor + iter_offset);

                    quantize::Params<quantType, numBits> params(
                        input_scales + j * groups_per_in_tensor, iter_scale_idx);

                    __half2 dequant_buffer[storage_values];
                    dequantize::chunk<numBits, quantType>(dequant_buffer, load_buffer, params);

#pragma unroll
                    for (int k = 0; k < storage_values; k++) {
                        iteration_buffer[k] =
                            reduce::element<rop::Add>(iteration_buffer[k], dequant_buffer[k]);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

#pragma unroll
        for (int j = 0; j < storage_values; j++) { stats.update(iteration_buffer[j]); }
    }

    auto params = stats.template get_params<numBits, 1024>(tb, warp);

    if (tb.thread_index().x == 0) { params.store(reduced_scales, tb.group_index().x); }

#pragma unroll
    for (int i = 0; i < totalChunks; i++) {
        const int iter_offset = i * stride + base_offset;
        if (i * stride + elem_offset < elems_per_out_group) {
            int8_t local_output[elems_per_load];
            quantize::_chunk<numBits, quantType>(
                local_output, local_buffer + i * storage_values, params);
            mem_access::store_global<mem_granularity>(reduced_data + iter_offset, local_output);
        }
    }
}

template <int Power>
int32_t pow2_round(int32_t raw_value)
{
    return (((raw_value - 1) >> Power) + 1) << Power;
}

#define LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(num_chunks)                      \
    dequant_reduce<numBits, numTensors, num_chunks, quantType> \
        <<<grid, block, 0, stream>>>(reduced_data,             \
                                     reduced_scales,           \
                                     input_data,               \
                                     input_scales,             \
                                     elems_per_out_group,      \
                                     elems_per_in_tensor,      \
                                     groups_per_in_tensor,     \
                                     elems_per_in_group,       \
                                     num_tensors);

template <int numBits, int numTensors, quantize::Type quantType>
void launch_dequant_reduce_impl(int8_t* reduced_data,
                                float* reduced_scales,
                                const int8_t* input_data,
                                const float* input_scales,
                                int out_groups,
                                int elems_per_out_group,
                                int elems_per_in_tensor,
                                int groups_per_in_tensor,
                                int elems_per_in_group,
                                int num_tensors,
                                cudaStream_t stream)
{
    // This is a coincidence. This is derived by 8 halves per 16 bytes with 2-way packing for int4
    constexpr int elems_per_thread = numBits;
    const int one_step_threads =
        next_pow2((elems_per_out_group + elems_per_thread - 1) / (elems_per_thread));
    // TODO(cmikeh2): Tune this
    const int threads = (one_step_threads < 1024) ? one_step_threads : 1024;

    dim3 block(threads);
    dim3 grid(out_groups);

    const int elems_per_step = threads * elems_per_thread;
    const int unroll_raw = (elems_per_out_group + elems_per_step - 1) / elems_per_step;

    const int unroll = (unroll_raw >= 4) ? pow2_round<1>(unroll_raw) : unroll_raw;

    if (unroll == 1) {
        // 0-4096 elems
        LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(1);
    } else if (unroll == 2) {
        // 4097-8192 etc...
        LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(2);
    } else if (unroll == 3) {
        LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(3);
    } else if (unroll == 4) {
        LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(4);
    } else if (unroll == 6) {
        LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(6);
    } else if (unroll == 8) {
        LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(8);
    } else if (unroll == 10) {
        LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(10);
    } else if (unroll == 12) {
        // 48k limit
        LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE(12);
    } else {
        assert(false);
    }
}

#define LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(NUM_BITS, NUM_GPUS, QUANT_TYPE)                   \
    launch_dequant_reduce_impl<NUM_BITS, NUM_GPUS, QUANT_TYPE>(reduced_data,         \
                                                               reduced_scales,       \
                                                               input_data,           \
                                                               input_scales,         \
                                                               out_groups,           \
                                                               elems_per_out_group,  \
                                                               elems_per_in_tensor,  \
                                                               groups_per_in_tensor, \
                                                               elems_per_in_group,   \
                                                               num_gpus,             \
                                                               stream);

void launch_dequant_reduce(int8_t* reduced_data,
                           float* reduced_scales,
                           const int8_t* input_data,
                           const float* input_scales,
                           int num_gpus,
                           int num_bits,
                           quantize::Type quant_type,
                           int out_groups,
                           int elems_per_out_group,
                           int elems_per_in_tensor,
                           int groups_per_in_tensor,
                           int elems_per_in_group,
                           cudaStream_t stream)
{
    if (quant_type == quantize::Type::Symmetric) {
        if (num_bits == 4) {
            if (num_gpus == 8) {
                LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, 8, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
            } else if (num_gpus == 16) {
                LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, 16, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
            } else {
                LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, -1, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
            }
        } else if (num_bits == 8) {
            if (num_gpus == 8) {
                LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, 8, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
            } else if (num_gpus == 16) {
                LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, 16, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
            } else {
                LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, -1, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
            }
        }
    } else if (quant_type == quantize::Type::Asymmetric) {
        if (num_bits == 4) {
            if (num_gpus == 8) {
                LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, 8, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
            } else if (num_gpus == 16) {
                LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, 16, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
            } else {
                LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, -1, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
            }
        } else if (num_bits == 8) {
            if (num_gpus == 8) {
                LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, 8, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
            } else if (num_gpus == 16) {
                LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, 16, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
            } else {
                LAUNCH_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, -1, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
            }
        }
    }
}

/*
Modified loco_dequant_reduce function that performs dequantization and reduction,
and incorporates error-feedback by updating the error_feedback tensor in-place.
*/

template <int numBits, int numTensors, int totalChunks, quantize::Type quantType>
__global__ void __launch_bounds__(1024) loco_dequant_reduce(int8_t* reduced_data,
                                                            float* reduced_scales,
                                                            const int8_t* input_data,
                                                            const float* input_scales,
                                                            int elems_per_out_group,
                                                            int elems_per_in_tensor,
                                                            int groups_per_in_tensor,
                                                            int elems_per_in_group,
                                                            int num_tensors,
                                                            __half2* error_feedback,
                                                            const float err_beta)
{
    cg::thread_block tb = cg::this_thread_block();
    cg::thread_block_tile<hw_warp_size> warp = cg::tiled_partition<hw_warp_size>(tb);

    constexpr int mem_granularity = (numBits == 8) ? 8 : 4;
    constexpr int elems_per_load = mem_granularity / sizeof(int8_t);
    constexpr int storage_values = 16 / sizeof(__half2);

    const int block_offset = tb.group_index().x * elems_per_out_group;
    const int elem_offset = tb.thread_index().x * elems_per_load;
    const int base_offset = block_offset + elem_offset;
    const int stride = tb.group_dim().x * elems_per_load;

    constexpr int scaling_factor = elems_per_load / storage_values;
    const int block_offset_err = block_offset / scaling_factor;
    const int elem_offset_err = tb.thread_index().x * storage_values;
    const int base_offset_err = block_offset_err + elem_offset_err;
    const int stride_err = tb.group_dim().x * storage_values;

    __half2 local_buffer[totalChunks * storage_values];
    __half2 err_buffer[totalChunks * storage_values];

    quantize::GroupStats<quantType> stats;

#pragma unroll
    for (int i = 0; i < totalChunks; i++) {
        __half2* iteration_buffer = local_buffer + i * storage_values;
        __half2* iter_err_buffer = err_buffer + i * storage_values;

#pragma unroll
        for (int j = 0; j < storage_values; j++) {
            iteration_buffer[j] = reduce::init<rop::Add, __half2>();
        }

        const int iter_offset = i * stride + base_offset;
        const int iter_offset_err = i * stride_err + base_offset_err;
        const int iter_scale_idx = iter_offset / elems_per_in_group;
        bool do_loads = i * stride + elem_offset < elems_per_out_group;

        if (numTensors > 0) {
#pragma unroll
            for (int j = 0; j < numTensors; j++) {
                if (do_loads) {
                    int8_t load_buffer[elems_per_load];

                    mem_access::load_global<mem_granularity>(
                        load_buffer, input_data + j * elems_per_in_tensor + iter_offset);

                    quantize::Params<quantType, numBits> params(
                        input_scales + j * groups_per_in_tensor, iter_scale_idx);

                    __half2 dequant_buffer[storage_values];
                    dequantize::chunk<numBits, quantType>(dequant_buffer, load_buffer, params);

#pragma unroll
                    for (int k = 0; k < storage_values; k++) {
                        iteration_buffer[k] =
                            reduce::element<rop::Add>(iteration_buffer[k], dequant_buffer[k]);
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
#pragma unroll 4
            for (int j = 0; j < num_tensors; j++) {
                if (do_loads) {
                    int8_t load_buffer[elems_per_load];

                    mem_access::load_global<mem_granularity>(
                        load_buffer, input_data + j * elems_per_in_tensor + iter_offset);

                    quantize::Params<quantType, numBits> params(
                        input_scales + j * groups_per_in_tensor, iter_scale_idx);

                    __half2 dequant_buffer[storage_values];
                    dequantize::chunk<numBits, quantType>(dequant_buffer, load_buffer, params);

#pragma unroll
                    for (int k = 0; k < storage_values; k++) {
                        iteration_buffer[k] =
                            reduce::element<rop::Add>(iteration_buffer[k], dequant_buffer[k]);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        mem_access::load_global<quantize::granularity>(
            iter_err_buffer, error_feedback + iter_offset_err, do_loads);
#pragma unroll
        for (int k = 0; k < storage_values; k++) {
            iteration_buffer[k] = __hadd2(iteration_buffer[k], iter_err_buffer[k]);
            stats.update(iteration_buffer[k]);
        }
    }

    auto params = stats.template get_params<numBits, 1024>(tb, warp);

    // Initialize dequantization parameters based on params
    auto de_params = params;
    de_params.scale = 1.0f / params.scale;
    if constexpr (quantType == quantize::Type::Asymmetric) { de_params.offset = params.offset; }

    if (tb.thread_index().x == 0) { params.store(reduced_scales, tb.group_index().x); }

#pragma unroll
    for (int i = 0; i < totalChunks; i++) {
        const int iter_offset = i * stride + base_offset;
        const int iter_offset_err = i * stride_err + base_offset_err;
        __half2* iteration_buffer = local_buffer + i * storage_values;
        __half2* iter_err_buffer = err_buffer + i * storage_values;

        if (i * stride + elem_offset < elems_per_out_group) {
            // ----------- Begin Error-Feedback Modification -----------
            int8_t local_output[elems_per_load];
            quantize::_chunk<numBits, quantType>(local_output, iteration_buffer, params);
            mem_access::store_global<mem_granularity>(reduced_data + iter_offset, local_output);

            // Dequantize the quantized output to compute the dequantized value
            __half2 dequant_buffer[storage_values];
            dequantize::chunk<numBits, quantType>(dequant_buffer, local_output, de_params);

#pragma unroll
            for (int k = 0; k < storage_values; k++) {
                // __half2 to float2
                float2 iter_buf_f = __half22float2(iteration_buffer[k]);
                float2 dequant_buf_f = __half22float2(dequant_buffer[k]);

                // Update within float precision
                float2 new_error_f;
                new_error_f.x = iter_buf_f.x - dequant_buf_f.x;
                new_error_f.y = iter_buf_f.y - dequant_buf_f.y;

                float2 iter_err_buf_f = __half22float2(iter_err_buffer[k]);

                iter_err_buf_f.x = err_beta * iter_err_buf_f.x + (1.0f - err_beta) * new_error_f.x;
                iter_err_buf_f.y = err_beta * iter_err_buf_f.y + (1.0f - err_beta) * new_error_f.y;

                // float2 back to __half2
                iter_err_buffer[k] = __float22half2_rn(iter_err_buf_f);
            }
            mem_access::store_global<quantize::granularity>(error_feedback + iter_offset_err,
                                                            iter_err_buffer);
        }
    }
}

#define LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(num_chunks)                      \
    loco_dequant_reduce<numBits, numTensors, num_chunks, quantType> \
        <<<grid, block, 0, stream>>>(reduced_data,                  \
                                     reduced_scales,                \
                                     input_data,                    \
                                     input_scales,                  \
                                     elems_per_out_group,           \
                                     elems_per_in_tensor,           \
                                     groups_per_in_tensor,          \
                                     elems_per_in_group,            \
                                     num_tensors,                   \
                                     error_feedback,                \
                                     err_beta);

template <int numBits, int numTensors, quantize::Type quantType>
void launch_loco_dequant_reduce_impl(int8_t* reduced_data,
                                     float* reduced_scales,
                                     const int8_t* input_data,
                                     const float* input_scales,
                                     int out_groups,
                                     int elems_per_out_group,
                                     int elems_per_in_tensor,
                                     int groups_per_in_tensor,
                                     int elems_per_in_group,
                                     int num_tensors,
                                     __half2* error_feedback,
                                     const float err_beta,
                                     cudaStream_t stream)
{
    constexpr int elems_per_thread = numBits;
    const int one_step_threads =
        next_pow2((elems_per_out_group + elems_per_thread - 1) / (elems_per_thread));
    const int threads = (one_step_threads < 1024) ? one_step_threads : 1024;

    dim3 block(threads);
    dim3 grid(out_groups);

    const int elems_per_step = threads * elems_per_thread;
    const int unroll_raw = (elems_per_out_group + elems_per_step - 1) / elems_per_step;

    const int unroll = (unroll_raw >= 4) ? pow2_round<1>(unroll_raw) : unroll_raw;

    if (unroll == 1) {
        LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(1);
    } else if (unroll == 2) {
        LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(2);
    } else if (unroll == 3) {
        LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(3);
    } else if (unroll == 4) {
        LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(4);
    } else if (unroll == 6) {
        LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(6);
    } else if (unroll == 8) {
        LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(8);
    } else if (unroll == 10) {
        LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(10);
    } else if (unroll == 12) {
        LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE(12);
    } else {
        assert(false);
    }
}

#define LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(NUM_BITS, NUM_GPUS, QUANT_TYPE)                   \
    launch_loco_dequant_reduce_impl<NUM_BITS, NUM_GPUS, QUANT_TYPE>(reduced_data,         \
                                                                    reduced_scales,       \
                                                                    input_data,           \
                                                                    input_scales,         \
                                                                    out_groups,           \
                                                                    elems_per_out_group,  \
                                                                    elems_per_in_tensor,  \
                                                                    groups_per_in_tensor, \
                                                                    elems_per_in_group,   \
                                                                    num_gpus,             \
                                                                    error_feedback,       \
                                                                    err_beta,             \
                                                                    stream);

void launch_loco_dequant_reduce(int8_t* reduced_data,
                                float* reduced_scales,
                                const int8_t* input_data,
                                const float* input_scales,
                                int num_gpus,
                                int num_bits,
                                quantize::Type quant_type,
                                int out_groups,
                                int elems_per_out_group,
                                int elems_per_in_tensor,
                                int groups_per_in_tensor,
                                int elems_per_in_group,
                                __half2* error_feedback,
                                const float err_beta,
                                cudaStream_t stream)
{
    if (quant_type == quantize::Type::Symmetric) {
        if (num_bits == 4) {
            if (num_gpus == 8) {
                LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, 8, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
            } else if (num_gpus == 16) {
                LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, 16, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
            } else {
                LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, -1, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
            }
        } else if (num_bits == 8) {
            if (num_gpus == 8) {
                LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, 8, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
            } else if (num_gpus == 16) {
                LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, 16, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
            } else {
                LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, -1, quantize::Type::Symmetric);
            }
        }
    } else if (quant_type == quantize::Type::Asymmetric) {
        if (num_bits == 4) {
            if (num_gpus == 8) {
                LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, 8, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
            } else if (num_gpus == 16) {
                LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, 16, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
            } else {
                LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(4, -1, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
            }
        } else if (num_bits == 8) {
            if (num_gpus == 8) {
                LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, 8, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
            } else if (num_gpus == 16) {
                LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, 16, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
            } else {
                LAUNCH_LOCO_DEQUANT_REDUCE_IMPL(8, -1, quantize::Type::Asymmetric);
            }
        }
    }
}